Tattaunawar user:Ammarpad

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      <text bytes="41057" sha1="k604ipqxpmsq83prgg1zz0mqw64y7p8" xml:space="preserve">== Barka da zuwa ==

Hi,

Welcome on the Hausa Wikipedia.

Sorry that this message is in English - we are very few editors here and most of us speak only basic/survival Hausa... so I'm very glad to see that someone who speaks fluently has just arrived.

Wishing you a good time contributing to this project (please spread the news around you, since it needs more Hausa speakers!),

--[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:30, 12 Agusta 2017 (UTC)
:Nagode [[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], Zanyi kokari in jawo mutane don mu inganta [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]].
:Thank you [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], I will try to draw more people to help develop this [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:47, 10 Satumba 2017 (UTC)
::Congratulations on your recent edits! I just wanted to ask if you had received my email from last week (there is a project in order to promote Wikipedia among Hausa speakers that I would like to talk you about), and if not, at which email address I could reach out to you. Thanks a lot, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:03, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)
:::Thanks Don. I have received it, and I will reply you there –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:23, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)
::::I replied. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:48, 6 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)
:Hello, iam jalamcy2023 by name iam also a participant of Wikipedia, I used to edits in wikis, so iam try to filled the data support form but it refuse to open for me I don't no what's wrong, and I need the data because I don't have money to buy, please I need your help, so that I should continue my work in Wikipedia, I really enjoyed working with you. Thanks [[User:Jalamcy2023|Jalamcy2023]] ([[User talk:Jalamcy2023|talk]]) 14:28, 12 Satumba 2023 (UTC)

== Help ==

I am Hausa by tribe,and I am interested to start editing and creating some page need ur help don Camilo and ammar,sorry nt gud in speaking English. [[User:Slmdbr|Slmdbr]] ([[User talk:Slmdbr|talk]]) 15:20, 21 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)

==Translation of three sentences==

Dear Ammarpad,

I hope this finds you well.

[[User:Doc James|Doc James]] posted this request on my talk page, but sadly my Hausa is too weak to translate it correctly. Maybe you will be able to help him? Thanks a lot, kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 12:29, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC)

We are working on an offline distribution system for Wikipedia in Nigeria. Am needing help with the translation of the three sentences '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Internet-in-a-Box/Nigeria#Hausa here]'''. Wondering if you can help. Thanks [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 11:48, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC)
*@Doc James and DonCamillo. I have translated it. I will also send someone to translate the Igbo, if no one did. Thank you all. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 00:01, 15 Faburairu 2018 (UTC)
:Thanks a lot! :) --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC)

== Facebook page ==

Dear Ammar,

Just to mention that I have just created a Facebook page regarding the Hausa Wikipedia, in order to get more interest from Hausa-speaking people: you're welcome if you want to like it or share it with your friends: [https://www.facebook.com/HausaWikipedia/ Hausa Wikipedia]

Thanks a lot,
Kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC)
:Thanks a lot. I have seen it, will share too. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:48, 8 Maris 2018 (UTC)

== Neman Admin ==

Barka dai Mr.Ammarpad, Ina da matukar sha'awa sosai na taimaka a wannan shafin na hausa Wikipedia. Ni Bahaushe ne kuma ina gane Turanci, na fassara makaloli da dama daga Turanci Zuwa Hausa sabo da haka ne nake nema wannan shafin ya bani Admin domin karin tallafawa sosai. Nagode [[Abubakar A Gwanki]]
:[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]] Naji dadin kasancewar ka bahaushe anan. Kasan babu Hausawa da yawa da zamu gina shi. Amma akwai shirye-shiryen da akeyi na farfado da it's. A wane gari kake zaune? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:27, 11 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
::Mr.Ammarpad ina zaune ne a kauyen [[Gwanki]] na karamar hukumar [[Bagwai]] a jihar [[Kano]] Najeriya. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]].
:::OK, da kwai shirin taro na musamman da ake fatan yi a Kano domin fadada wannan Wikipedia da kuma sawa dalibai suyi rubuta a nan, zan nemeka in sha Allah. Kuma idan ka gama rubuta bayani a shafin tattaunawa (kamar nan da muke magana) kawai ka rubuta (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;) guda hudu, banda bracket din, to zaka ga sunan ka, da kwanan wata, ya fito da kanshi. Kamar yadda zaka ga nawa a kasa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:05, 12 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== [[AuwalAzare]] ==

This page can be deleted (again), apparently. [[User:PlyrStar93|PlyrStar93]] ([[User talk:PlyrStar93|talk]]) 04:16, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
:[[User:PlyrStar93|PlyStar93]]. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 04:47, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== Auwal Azare ==

Barla dai malam Ammarpad, Wanda ya kirkiri wannan makalar ta '''Auwal Azare''' ya tubtubeni game da yadda za'ayi unblocking nashi. Idan da yadda za'ayi to a taimaka. Nagode AAgwanki 16:16, 19 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
:@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Gwanki]] Bani na yi blocking din shi ba. Daga can babban shafin [[Special:CentralAuth/Auwall|Meta da Wikifidiya ta Truranci]] akayi blocking din shi. Sannn '''ka daina kirkirar article akan shi''', ci gaba da yin hakan za iya ja yayi blocking dinka. Wikipedia ba wurin talla bane, kuma ba kowa ake rubuta ma tarihi ba sai sannanun mutane na hakika irin yan siyasa da makamantansu. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:30, 21 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== help ==

Please how to add reference and make template on Hausa articles.
It's hard to me. 
[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 07:39, 22 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
:@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]]: Yanzu babu template din anan sai an dauko su daga Wikipedia ta turanci. Amma idan kana son ka fiddo reference kawai kasa '''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt; .......&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;''' a karshen bayanin zaka ga reference din ya fito a kasa kamar haka (&lt;ref&gt;misali&lt;/ref&gt;). Inda ka ga nasa dash (....) sai ka sa link din bayanin wato kamar BBC Hausa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:54, 25 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== Databox ==

Hi Ammar,

Well done on the translation of technical messages, I had started this a long time ago but you are way better than me at this!

By the way, I have started to translate Wikidata properties into Hausa. This can be useful because since recently there is a new tool called Databox: it allows, with very simple code, to have an infobox with a lot of useful information on many articles: I have created [[Napoleon]] to give an example. As you can see all the properties are not translated yet into Hausa. It can enable us to create thousands of stubs here on the Hausa Wikipedia (or just add an infobox to the existing articles).

I have put some on [[User:DonCamillo|my userpage]], you can translate them here if you want, or translate them directly on Wikidata if you are familiar with the &quot;labels&quot; system.

Have a great day! Best regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 06:11, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC)
:You're welcome {{@|DonCamillo}}, I will look into them and  do the appropriate thing. By the way, I  am working on new, more intuitive [[Wikipedia:Sabon babban shafi|main page here]], you can have a look and tweak as deem fit. You'll find some templates like [[Template:Articles needed|this]] and [[Template:Invite|this]] are transcluded, so they can be edited independent of main page. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 19:12, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC)

== Reason for deletion of the article Abubakar A Gwanki  ==

I have created many articles here in Hausa language Wikipedia, I didn't see anyone deleted but only one article of &quot;Abubakar A Gwanki&quot;  why is being deleted?  Nasan Dai dukkan makalolin da na kirkira shima kamar sauran ne amma kuma sai shi kadai ne naga ka goge shi. __ [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 17:14, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC)
:{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} Ina so in tabbatar ma abun da kake yi a Hausa Wikipedia kana kokari, kuma ina fatan ka ida fahimtar ta baki daya. Na dauki number wayarka zan neme ka mu tattauna abubuwa da dama. Amma ka daina kirkirar mukala akanka ko wani abokinka. Mukalar insakulofidiya ana rubuta ta ne kawai akan mutane fitatattu na gaskiya. Shiya sa kaga aka goge [[:en:Abubakar A Gwanki|abunda ka rubuta a Wikipedia ta turanci]]. Na gode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:38, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC)

== Translation request ==
Hello! May I ask you for a translation of the phrase '''Automatic refresh''' into {{#language:ha}}? Thanks [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 18:23, 20 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC)
:Will do that on translatewiki –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:05, 26 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC)
::It is not a MediaWiki message; just my own request. [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 19:43, 27 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC)

== Neman taimako Daga Abdulmalik mansur sharif ==

Assalamu alaikum Ammarpad, Sunana abdulmalik mansur sharif a garin kano nake ni dalibi ne maison bincike, karance-karance da kuma rubutu musamman sanin tarihi dan Allah inaso a bani dama kuma asakani a hanya nayi wasu rubutun ta yadda zan anfanar da al'ummar hausawa, nadanyi wani Karin bayani akan tarihi Michael Jackson zaku iya dubawa Ku gani Dan Allah. Ina data zaku taimakeni. 
:Sannu da zuwa {{@|Ameer Maleek}} na duba gyaran da kayi kuma nayi farin ciki. A halin yanzu da kwai hausawa yan kadan a shafin, ina fatan zaka ci gaba da ziyartar shi lokaci lokaci. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:56, 7 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC)

== Godiya  ==

Na gode in Allah ya yarda zanci gaba da bada gudun mowa Dari bisa dari kuma Dan idan kuna da wata kungiya inaso nazama member saboda na kara kwarewa Na kuma samu Karin ilimi da kuma hanyar da zan inganta rubuce rubuce Na. Na gode
:{{@|Ameer Maleek}} OK, ka ban numbarka ta waya, zan neme ka. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 13 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC)

aslm wai wannan malamin yana ina azaune

Lamba: 08160956607
Gari: kano Nigeria

== [[Kira]] ==

Hi Ammarpad, sorry for writing in English. An IP has blanked the page above, do you think it was correct? If it was we can delete it. Regards [[User:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[User talk:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 05:58, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC)
:Hi {{@|DARIO SEVERI}} I have restored it and will develop it very soon. It is useful stub about [[:en:Blacsmith|Blacksmithing]]. Thank you. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 06:39, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC)

== David oyedepo ==

Wanene crista

== WAM 2018 ==

Salam Ammarpad,  Bansan ko zaka shiga cikin wannan gasar ba, amma idan kanada sha'awa zaka iya shiga, ka duba Karin bayani anan [[Wikipedia:Watan Yan'Asiya]]. Nagode.  [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 21:24, 8 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC)

== Hausa Wikimedians User Group ==

Hello! [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] I would like to let you know that I have started our Hausa editors community user group [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] in order to have a connected and collaborative working environment, that would serve as a primary place for co-ordinating of activities that would support us all in our editing and order related endeavors to improve and make quality contents of the Wikimedia projects. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 12:39, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC)
:Thanks {{@|The Living love}}, I will take a look. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:26, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC)

Hello {{@|Ammarpad}}, I'm sorry for contacting you here lately but I've sent you a message through WhatsApp earlier. I've spoken with {{@|DonCamillo}} regarding the application for recognition of our UG Hausa Wikimedians as I earlier told you about, and he's given 100% support for it. I hope to hear from you after seeing my messages. Thanks
[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:32, 8 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC)
:Hello [[user:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], as I told you, the [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] is already on recognition process with the affiliation Committee of the '''WMF''', but the changes you've made just recently has changed everything in the application form we sent, and this has affected the mission which is very crucial. Please let us adhere to the previous name and design of the group. I would also start a discussion on the home page of the project on how we can select boards and audit committee for the group. As founding members I, you and [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]]'s email were all sent to the AffCom committee and I hope they would certainly contact you. If permitted I can undo all the changes or you do it yourself, and if otherwise please let me know. Thanks -[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 02:55, 13 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)
::Zanyi reply ta WhatsApp. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:35, 14 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)
:Slm [[user:Ammarpad|Ammar]] na maka magana ta whatsapp da email, dangane da message din da AffCom suka dawo dashi. Yanzu bansan me zaka ce ba.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:28, 7 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC)
::Nayi reply. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:49, 8 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC)

== Moustapha ==

Hakananna sai nayi nazari

== I-mel  ==

Sannu! Na turo maka sakon I-mel. 
Na gode.  [[User:Engr Muhammad Khamis|Engr Muhammad Khamis]] ([[User talk:Engr Muhammad Khamis|talk]]) 09:11, 10 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC)

narda

== Gyara ==

Barka da rana!
Ina son Na ankarar da admins wata matsala da na gano ta a wannan shafin. Matsalar kuwa itace mu masu amfani da wayoyi wajen editing wannan shafin baya bude mana a Babban Shafi (desktop version), Idan da mai yiwuwa to a gyara. - [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 11:56, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)
:{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} OK, ina ganin wannan haka site din yake ne. Yanzu kaga nima ina kan wayar hannu ne, in kana son komawa desktop version, saidai ka latsa &quot;Babban shafi&quot; da kanka, zaka ga wurin a can kasan kowane shafi. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:08, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)

== gidanhaki ==

Gidanhaki dai shiya ce mai din bin tarifi ta kafune tun da zuwan shehu uthaman bin fodiyo allah shi yarda dashi izuwa kawo yanzu sai dai karin suna datakeyi a sassa daban daban da fannin muhammad sani gidanhaki

Slm ammarpad dan allah inaso na kirkiri shafuka na hausa

Assalam

== Kwankwaso,s wife ==

Kwankwaso,s wife

== Various requests ==
Hello, Could you please:
*Replace the [[MediaWiki:Common.css|Hausa wiki css]] with the [[:en:MediaWiki:Common.css|english wiki css]]. It fixes, amongst others, the position of the infoboxes.
*Delete these two pages: [[Template:Wikibase]], [[Module:Wikibase]].
*Edit these localization pages (Just modify the values on the right hand side): 
**[[Template:Infobox biography/localize]].
**[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/basketball/localize]].
**[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/football/localize]].
**[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/tennis/localize]].

Thanks. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 18:23, 15 Mayu 2019 (UTC)

== Alijos A Shehu ==

Sunan DUNiYA

== Ibrahim kabiru gagarawa ==

Ina Neman yadda zan bude account na Wikipedia
:{{@| 197.210.47.39}} Ka shiga [[Special:CreateAccount]]. Ko kuma ka tura man sunanka da email ta email dina &lt;code&gt;ammar@wikimedia.org.ng&lt;/code&gt;. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:04, 13 ga Yuni, 2019 (UTC)

== Muhamadu ==

Salm YA AKEBUDE EMAIL

== yusuf ==

Ibrahim

== sa idu musa ==

riji yan gwamgwam jido  dawakin  kudu  kano

== sa idu  musa rijiya gwamgwam jido dawakin kudu  IP ==

Yayi daidai kobaiyiba  awayar mindakai

== 88465702 ==

Kaka ari

== layisantara ==

lawal ninazauna awurare dabandaba naungowa natashi dagabayan garin daura  sunwajan gari shadam bu

== Aslm barkan'mu da warhaka ina mana patan alkhairi baki daya yan uwana musilmai  ==

Ina godiya ga allah daya bamu damar yadda damu kasance atare da juna

== babani ==

112202

== Translation ==

I want to know if I can translate a Wikipedia article from 'English Wikipedia' to 'Hausa Wikipedia'. If yes, I want to know more about it. Thanks.

== ibraheem Adamu gumel jigawa state ==

barkanku DA 
fatan kuna lafeeya I want be among members of this organization

 wannni yafara shugaban kasa a nejire

== Neman taimako ==

Barkanku da aiki, ni sunana ABDULMALIK MANSUR ina zaune a garin kano nayi rijista da wannan shafi ne domin nima na bada gudunmowa. Dan Allah ina bukatar shawarwarinku da kuma taimakon ku na gode.

Godiya [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 17:25, 13 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC)
:Yawwa {{@|Maliky}} Barka da zuwa, kamar dame dame kake bukatar ka sani? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:31, 16 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC)

Kamar yadda ake yin table da kuma saka hoto. [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 11:41, 14 Satumba 2020 (UTC)

== Muhammad Huwaidahu sufi  ==

Facebook 
Wkslm lafiya kalau

== 0852 ==

Aa

== Aliyu iliyasu dangada ==

Nima inaso nabada gudummawa sosai Dan kara bunkasa yaren hausa innasamu damar hakan dukda ba sosai nake fashintar turanciba amma ina ganeshi 
misali wasu kalmomi da zamuso agyagygyara kuma muna munna da akasamar da wannan shafin 
muna jinjina maka matuka very good,
[[Special:Contributions/105.112.25.48|105.112.25.48]] 10:00, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC)
:Yawwa yayi kyau, kuma muna maraba daku. Zaka iya shiga group dinmu na WhatsApp domin ci gaba da tattaunawa da kuma sanin shirye shiryen mu. Kuma ya kamata ka [[Special:CreateAccount|kirkiri sabon account]] don ka samu username na dindindin. Kana iya sake tambaya na idan kana neman karin bayani. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:09, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC)

== ismail ==

Labaran duniya

== Abdullahi dahiru odo ogun ==

Barkan muda warhaka!
:Yawwa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 11:58, 31 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC)

== na kirkira mukala ==

Ya zan sanya reference
::Ka duba shafinka na tattaunawa na anyi maka bayanin hakan. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:08, 16 ga Faburairu, 2021 (UTC)

== From ==

Ghy

== J k musa yaro ==

Son annabi shine so har abada shine son da mutum zai rika ya amfanar dashi duniya da lahira

Allah kasa mudace allah kasamu cekinyan tatu bayin ka

Asslm dan Allah ina da tambaya idan kana kusa

== mansir isah ==

unguwar.magaji. kakngi.giwa.area.Kaduna.state

Crawle

== aminuidris0808811 ==

aminuiris

== Auwal dalladi kargi ==

An haifi auwal a ranar 01/06/2000

== Databox ==

Asslm. Ammar ya ake sanya databox. Na yi translation na [[Jami'ar Jos]] amman daga baya naga '''Uncle bash''' ya saka databox. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 08:38, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

:@[[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]], Za ka rubuta &lt;nowiki&gt;{{databox}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ne a farkon article din. Har da brackets (braces) din. Daga nan zaka ga information din ya fito. A wani article din kuma ba zaka gani ba, amma duk daya ne. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:04, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)
::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], na saka ma [[Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna]] yayi. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 16:34, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

==Neman shawara==
Masha Allah

Gaskiya naji dadi sosai kasancewar ansamu mai kula da page na Wikipedia da Hausa hakan ba qaramin cigaba ne ba ace Yaren Hausa yasamu irin wannan daukaka ta hanyar Mr.Ammarpad.

Mr. Ammarpad ina jinjina a gareka,Allah yaqara daukaka,yayimaka jagora adukan lamurranka.

A qarshe ina neman shawarar ka akan yadda za,ayi nabudawa garina Salame Wikipedia,Kasancewar Salame tsohon garine mai dinbin tarihi a daular Usmaniyya Wanda shine mahaifar Sheik Abdulqadir bn Mustafa alturud Salame.
Daga Kabiru Aliyu Salame,Gwadabawa local government,Sokoto state,Nigeria. [[User:Kabir salame|Kabir salame]] ([[User talk:Kabir salame|talk]]) 18:54, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

:Barka da zuwa Malam Kabir, muna farin ciki da zuwanka.
:Ka duba tutorial din mu: [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]] akwai bayani sosae akan yadda zaka yi gyara da ƙirƙira sabbin muƙaloli a Wikipedia.
:Akwai kuma bayani na musamman a wannan shafin shima: [[Wikipedia:Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 14 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

&lt;u&gt;ja layi&lt;/u&gt; COMMUNIYT SYSTERM ALL THE USE VALU TRY [[Special:Contributions/197.210.70.246|197.210.70.246]] 23:09, 7 Disamba 2022 (UTC)

== Jami u lawal ==

Allah yajikan zulaihatu

== Databox ==

Barka da safe, Ammar,

Ina fata kana lafiya. Congratulations on the work you are doing to add &quot;databox&quot; to articles where it was missing! I have been doing that manually for a long time but you have very clearly found a faster way to do it. :) Could you tell me which tool you are using? Nagode sosai, –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 07:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC)
:Barka da yau {{@|DonCamillo|p=}} and sannu da ƙoƙari. Yes yana da wahala manually and can be quite slow. Ina amfani ne da custom PHP code ta hanyar [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=help&amp;modules=edit module na editing], ba tool bane dake a kan wiki ba. Nagode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC)

== Saifillahi Abdullahi mlf ==

Kaura ne katsina

SANI ABAKAR S D P SOKOTO WAMAKKO LG  RUGGAR MONDE AR

== Abia ==

Anyinasarar kama dantaaddaa'ngelzarma'jihar yobe karamunhukumar fune

== ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA ==

ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA

== FUNAKAA ==

FUNAKAA

agaskiya inada tambaya

to kamar ita wannan kasar ta jamhoriyar nijar wane laifine muhammadu bazoum yake dashi har sukan yimasa juyi mulki

== Gaisuwa ==

Na gode kwarai,muna alfahari daku wurin nuna kulawa akan mu, Godiya nake [[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]] ([[User talk:El-Abdallaah|talk]]) 07:59, 31 ga Augusta, 2023 (UTC)

:Nagode, @[[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]]. Barka da ƙoƙari. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:53, 1 Satumba 2023 (UTC)

== Usman abubakar  ==

Ita rayuwa wace abace da Allah madau kakin sarki yatsa ramana ita

== ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar ==

Ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar [[Special:Contributions/105.112.235.123|105.112.235.123]] 15:56, 9 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC)

== maganin daji ==

maganin daji [[Special:Contributions/2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6|2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6]] 20:01, 19 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC)

== Ali musa  ==

An haife shi

Chida ga watan Oktoba

1986 cikin@

gari gidan kube @

dake jahar maradi 

[[Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism]] [[Special:Contributions/41.254.48.53|41.254.48.53]] 21:45, 24 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC)

== Rigar kusa ==

&quot;Rigar kusa&quot; kauye ne dake karamar hukumar musawa katsina state.
Rigar kusa kauye ne mai dauke dauke da yawa matasa da kuma dattawa masana sunce rigar kusa tsohon gari ne.
Rigarkusa kauyika da dama yahada da yar kiya,sabongida slow,bambama da sauransu.
Tana wutar nantarki da asibiti da makaranta primary da nasury.

== Ghana Boy 055 ==


Chapiou


@ [[Special:Contributions/154.160.9.24|154.160.9.24]] 12:09, 21 ga Maris, 2024 (UTC)

== ALIYO ==

BORNO

== Namespaces ==

Hi!

You [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3A%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&amp;diff=213527&amp;oldid=181184 emptied] the page &quot;Wikipedia:Ƙofan al'umma&quot; some time ago.

There was a section I added there with a question about namespace names. It can be seen here in an old revision: [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&amp;oldid=181178#Namespaces

You know the Hausa language, and you are also very experienced with MediaWiki. Can you please check the table and tell me whether the proposed names are good?

Thanks! [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 18:30, 11 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC)

:I made a new section about this here: [[Wikipedia:Kofan al'umma#Namespace name translations]]. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 20:01, 12 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC)

== Shehu gibirima  ==

Shehu gibirima [[Musamman:Contributions/102.91.4.40|102.91.4.40]] 19:03, 24 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC)

== Salisu garba ==

Assalamu alaikum inason tan baya kozan shiwaka tana da sinada rin ciwon tayi pot

== Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru ==

Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru [[Musamman:Contributions/105.112.117.72|105.112.117.72]] 13:47, 28 ga Augusta, 2024 (UTC)

== ABDULRAHMAN HARUNA ==

KADUNA

== Bbca ==

A

== HAUSA RIGAR SILKE ==

DUK WANI ABU DA YA SHAFI INGANTA HARSHEN HAUSA DA HAƁAKATA [[User:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU]] ([[User talk:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|talk]]) 15:05, 2 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC)

== shaaibu ==

JIGAWA

== SHEHU USMANU ==

GADA BUNGUDU ZAMFARA NIGERIA

== AmmarBot for Swahili Wikipedia ==

Hello brother,

I hope you are doing great after the series of sessions at Wikimania. I also hope you've returned safely to your home country.

I was just asking about the bot issue which I shared with you back in Nairobi. Any progress so far? [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 12:36, 15 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

:Hello @[[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]], I am fine. I hope you reached home safely too. 
:I have set up the code now, I just need the translated text. Please share the welcome text. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:22, 16 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)
::Hello back @[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]. I have replied to the email.  [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 17:46, 17 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

== 7 ==

uyt [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-29458-90|&amp;#126;2025-29458-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2025-29458-90|talk]]) 17:51, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

Taba nono na mace

== Lawan abdulhamid ==

Lawan abdulhamid kano

MIYzansa

== Nakasa yin rijista  ==

Nakasa yin rajista miyasane

== SLM ==

SLM

== Isma.il.abdul.yar.runfa ==

 08142754552

Aslm da farko sunana Abdul'aziz Anas ni ina yankin malumfashi ne '''mazaunin yakinkin karamar hukumar malumfashi garin YABA  taken wanna rubutu da nakeyi shine ina da burin naga na wallafar da wani littafi Wanda na rubuta na da mashi suna rayuwar mu a yau .Wannan shine taken Wannan rubutu''' [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-11554-74|&amp;#126;2026-11554-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-11554-74|talk]]) 13:02, 21 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji ==


suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji 

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-11940-32|&amp;#126;2026-11940-32]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-11940-32|talk]]) 22:34, 22 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Dodik ==

imomaliyev [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-12770-62|&amp;#126;2026-12770-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-12770-62|talk]]) 13:18, 26 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Fulani daneji ==

danejawa

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|&amp;#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:35, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Tarihin fulani daneji ==

danejawa [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|&amp;#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:36, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== NURA FADA MUHAMMED ==

assalama alaikum waramatullah ta alawabar katuhum dafar kodai sunana NURA FADA MUHAMMED MUBI kemikagai suwaga shugabannin kasarmu najeriya dakuma sauran gomnonin jahohin dake afadin najeriya tareda rokon allah subahanahu wata alamadaukakin yabawa shugaban kasar nigeria nisan kona da yawan nasarar wajenganin anshimma wannan zaben dayatinkaromu nashekara ta 2027 alfarman annabi tareda rokonku dan allah dan annabin allah idon allah yasa wanan sakon taje indanake keutata zato taje todan allah kuyikokarin nemoni a number tawa don da sauran bayanin ne al,umar najeriya 07025450283, inajiranku

== inason zuwa gambiya  ==

neman aure zasu bani [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-13669-78|&amp;#126;2026-13669-78]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-13669-78|talk]]) 02:28, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Nazifi ==

yes [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-13801-80|&amp;#126;2026-13801-80]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-13801-80|talk]]) 16:48, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Usmanisah01234@gmail.com  ==

Usmanu [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14055-73|&amp;#126;2026-14055-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14055-73|talk]]) 20:11, 4 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== AISHA ABDULLAHI ==

assalama alaikum mutanen wikipedia hausa

== Abdul Aziz  ==

Ssdf [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14413-94|&amp;#126;2026-14413-94]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14413-94|talk]]) 07:21, 6 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== YAHAYA MUSA  ==

6/3/2026

Ni atemakeni bandasanaa

== Isah Abubakar ==

￼kaduna steste nigeria

￼inaneman temaku kudi 


[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14783-76|&amp;#126;2026-14783-76]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14783-76|talk]]) 05:47, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Help ==

Please help me improve [[Gaza genocide|this]] article I recently created; my Hausa language skills are poor. Also, please add [[:en:Gaza_genocide|this]] article to the Hausa Wikipedia as it is important. Thank you. [[User:جودت|جودت]] ([[User talk:جودت|talk]]) 15:48, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah ==

Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14911-34|&amp;#126;2026-14911-34]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14911-34|talk]]) 18:45, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== INASONASHIGA ==

WALLAHI

== Alkasim  ==

alkasim  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|&amp;#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:39, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Alkasim  ==

alkasim  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|&amp;#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:40, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

Jahan dosso partama nawa ne Garett [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-15494-30|&amp;#126;2026-15494-30]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-15494-30|talk]]) 23:24, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Auwalu mansur gaya  ==

A garin gaya na bada tallafin Ramadan a Kofar gidan Sarkin garin Wanda ya hada da shinkafa da wake da ruwan Leda da lemon fata

== Block review ==

Hi! Could I ask for your review of the block on [[Musamman:Contributions/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] placed by a global sysop roughly a year ago? If you do not think their contributions necessitate it, I'd recommend removing the block.

The short version on my end is that [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] created a new account, [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu mc|Adamu mc]], after their account was blocked and subsequently locked. I identified this yesterday and globally blocked the new account. However, reviewing their edits, I don't think they're actually connected to AhmedMustafaaaa. If their contributions to this wiki do not warrant a block, removing their previous account's block would be useful. Thanks for your time, and let me know if I should send this request elsewhere. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 18:40, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]], I am not very familiar with this user, but from looking at the accounts involved, I agree they are the least likely to be AhmedMustafaaaa. Although [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] appears to be independently blocked on Wikidata and MediaWiki.org for unrelated reasons, their actions here on this wiki are quite acceptable and do not warrant a block.
:I am fine with removing the block from the older account. However, it is worth noting that they created Adamu_ab about a month before the first account was blocked. They then immediately switched to the second account on the day the first was blocked. They need to stick to a single account and appeal blocks from there. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:33, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]: Indeed - part of a global unblock for them would be a commitment to using a single account, and the old account will likely remain locked. Thanks for looking into this. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 14:49, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Jimi boi gk ==

Washer boi

== (Ibrahim bako) ==

Bissimillahi rahamani rahim

== Zanshuga ==

masha Allah  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-17709-67|&amp;#126;2026-17709-67]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-17709-67|talk]]) 20:02, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-17806-26|&amp;#126;2026-17806-26]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-17806-26|talk]]) 22:04, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== I need to edit  ==

yusuf bin shaik  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-18422-17|&amp;#126;2026-18422-17]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-18422-17|talk]]) 01:37, 25 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Dari daya ==

Litafi dari daya

== Gali ==

Gufanar da mal. Nasir el rufa'i a gabar kotu

== ALI ISA JC NAWA ==

CHAM

== Sai anjima ==


sai anjima 

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-19045-00|&amp;#126;2026-19045-00]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-19045-00|talk]]) 11:00, 27 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== xxwxx ==

pap pu wwxx [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-19636-09|&amp;#126;2026-19636-09]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-19636-09|talk]]) 18:16, 29 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Masaudu  ==

Ina son koyon NAHAWU 


[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20180-81|&amp;#126;2026-20180-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20180-81|talk]]) 10:05, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Ina bukatar taimakonku ==

Ina bukatar taimakonku [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20156-98|&amp;#126;2026-20156-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20156-98|talk]]) 12:50, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Menene amfanin na'a na'a. ==

Menene amfanin na'a na'a. [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20503-90|&amp;#126;2026-20503-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20503-90|talk]]) 01:46, 3 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Learning physics topics  ==

Explain why ph [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20678-19|&amp;#126;2026-20678-19]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20678-19|talk]]) 08:30, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== ١٢٣٤٥ ==

روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20875-04|&amp;#126;2026-20875-04]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20875-04|talk]]) 15:56, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Chrome ==

روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20860-61|&amp;#126;2026-20860-61]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20860-61|talk]]) 16:09, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Inason shiga kasara ==

yanada sauki kokuma yabinyake Kuma yakudian kasar suke


[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21619-45|&amp;#126;2026-21619-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21619-45|talk]]) 15:43, 7 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Fty ==

Fg [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21613-47|&amp;#126;2026-21613-47]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21613-47|talk]]) 04:11, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Alikirashi45  ==

alikirashi

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|&amp;#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:05, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Alikirashi45  ==

alikirashi

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|&amp;#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:06, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Jibril auwal hamza ==

Inaso Na goge asusuna Na access bank Nada Wani asusuna Yaya zanyi domin Yin hakan

== Usseni.  Ibbirashim ==

08133144879 [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-23155-49|&amp;#126;2026-23155-49]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-23155-49|talk]]) 14:59, 14 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Correction  ==

The image of the statue, is not of Tullio Moneta but that of his Uncle/Great uncle, Ernesto Theodore Moneta. 


Tullio lived in Johannesburg, South Africa, not Durban. Mike Hoare lived in the Durban area.


Wikipedia is a popular site as a source of credible information. Please be certain of facts before posting information on people. Thank you.  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-23654-39|&amp;#126;2026-23654-39]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-23654-39|talk]]) 17:00, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Ahmad Rufai  ==

Ahmad Rufai [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-23571-21|&amp;#126;2026-23571-21]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-23571-21|talk]]) 23:36, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Sutura ==

Sutura [[User:Ahamad roufaï|Ahamad roufaï]] ([[User talk:Ahamad roufaï|talk]]) 23:44, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu  ==

Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|&amp;#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:23, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Misali kasa ko bishyu haka ==

Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|&amp;#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:24, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Alhamdu lillah  ==

masha Allah  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-24815-45|&amp;#126;2026-24815-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-24815-45|talk]]) 16:13, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Itaciyyar zamani  ==

shin tayaya Zan Iya gabatar Da darasi Mai Anfani a wannan gida Dan cigaban Al,umma GABA daya . Zan so in Samu damar Hakan in sha Allah. [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-25442-87|&amp;#126;2026-25442-87]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-25442-87|talk]]) 13:35, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&amp;oldid=30471754 --&gt;

== Inaso temako ==

Please please please temako [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-26771-95|&amp;#126;2026-26771-95]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-26771-95|talk]]) 09:09, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)

== Abdullahi rabiu  ==

&lt;big&gt;barka da warhaka akwai bonos da akabani to Amma yakifita me matsalan ne&lt;/big&gt; [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-26723-12|&amp;#126;2026-26723-12]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-26723-12|talk]]) 09:53, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)

== Imrana bello kirfi  ==

allah ya zaunarmana da kasarmu najeria lafiya  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-26509-38|&amp;#126;2026-26509-38]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-26509-38|talk]]) 13:49, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>k604ipqxpmsq83prgg1zz0mqw64y7p8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828769</id>
      <parentid>828768</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T13:52:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-26509-38</username>
        <id>44508</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Imrana bello kirfi */ sabon sashe</comment>
      <origin>828769</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41272" sha1="o0o076u8ph06jubbogsf7al20bslhcq" xml:space="preserve">== Barka da zuwa ==

Hi,

Welcome on the Hausa Wikipedia.

Sorry that this message is in English - we are very few editors here and most of us speak only basic/survival Hausa... so I'm very glad to see that someone who speaks fluently has just arrived.

Wishing you a good time contributing to this project (please spread the news around you, since it needs more Hausa speakers!),

--[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:30, 12 Agusta 2017 (UTC)
:Nagode [[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], Zanyi kokari in jawo mutane don mu inganta [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]].
:Thank you [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], I will try to draw more people to help develop this [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:47, 10 Satumba 2017 (UTC)
::Congratulations on your recent edits! I just wanted to ask if you had received my email from last week (there is a project in order to promote Wikipedia among Hausa speakers that I would like to talk you about), and if not, at which email address I could reach out to you. Thanks a lot, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:03, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)
:::Thanks Don. I have received it, and I will reply you there –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:23, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)
::::I replied. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:48, 6 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)
:Hello, iam jalamcy2023 by name iam also a participant of Wikipedia, I used to edits in wikis, so iam try to filled the data support form but it refuse to open for me I don't no what's wrong, and I need the data because I don't have money to buy, please I need your help, so that I should continue my work in Wikipedia, I really enjoyed working with you. Thanks [[User:Jalamcy2023|Jalamcy2023]] ([[User talk:Jalamcy2023|talk]]) 14:28, 12 Satumba 2023 (UTC)

== Help ==

I am Hausa by tribe,and I am interested to start editing and creating some page need ur help don Camilo and ammar,sorry nt gud in speaking English. [[User:Slmdbr|Slmdbr]] ([[User talk:Slmdbr|talk]]) 15:20, 21 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)

==Translation of three sentences==

Dear Ammarpad,

I hope this finds you well.

[[User:Doc James|Doc James]] posted this request on my talk page, but sadly my Hausa is too weak to translate it correctly. Maybe you will be able to help him? Thanks a lot, kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 12:29, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC)

We are working on an offline distribution system for Wikipedia in Nigeria. Am needing help with the translation of the three sentences '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Internet-in-a-Box/Nigeria#Hausa here]'''. Wondering if you can help. Thanks [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 11:48, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC)
*@Doc James and DonCamillo. I have translated it. I will also send someone to translate the Igbo, if no one did. Thank you all. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 00:01, 15 Faburairu 2018 (UTC)
:Thanks a lot! :) --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC)

== Facebook page ==

Dear Ammar,

Just to mention that I have just created a Facebook page regarding the Hausa Wikipedia, in order to get more interest from Hausa-speaking people: you're welcome if you want to like it or share it with your friends: [https://www.facebook.com/HausaWikipedia/ Hausa Wikipedia]

Thanks a lot,
Kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC)
:Thanks a lot. I have seen it, will share too. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:48, 8 Maris 2018 (UTC)

== Neman Admin ==

Barka dai Mr.Ammarpad, Ina da matukar sha'awa sosai na taimaka a wannan shafin na hausa Wikipedia. Ni Bahaushe ne kuma ina gane Turanci, na fassara makaloli da dama daga Turanci Zuwa Hausa sabo da haka ne nake nema wannan shafin ya bani Admin domin karin tallafawa sosai. Nagode [[Abubakar A Gwanki]]
:[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]] Naji dadin kasancewar ka bahaushe anan. Kasan babu Hausawa da yawa da zamu gina shi. Amma akwai shirye-shiryen da akeyi na farfado da it's. A wane gari kake zaune? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:27, 11 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
::Mr.Ammarpad ina zaune ne a kauyen [[Gwanki]] na karamar hukumar [[Bagwai]] a jihar [[Kano]] Najeriya. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]].
:::OK, da kwai shirin taro na musamman da ake fatan yi a Kano domin fadada wannan Wikipedia da kuma sawa dalibai suyi rubuta a nan, zan nemeka in sha Allah. Kuma idan ka gama rubuta bayani a shafin tattaunawa (kamar nan da muke magana) kawai ka rubuta (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;) guda hudu, banda bracket din, to zaka ga sunan ka, da kwanan wata, ya fito da kanshi. Kamar yadda zaka ga nawa a kasa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:05, 12 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== [[AuwalAzare]] ==

This page can be deleted (again), apparently. [[User:PlyrStar93|PlyrStar93]] ([[User talk:PlyrStar93|talk]]) 04:16, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
:[[User:PlyrStar93|PlyStar93]]. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 04:47, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== Auwal Azare ==

Barla dai malam Ammarpad, Wanda ya kirkiri wannan makalar ta '''Auwal Azare''' ya tubtubeni game da yadda za'ayi unblocking nashi. Idan da yadda za'ayi to a taimaka. Nagode AAgwanki 16:16, 19 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
:@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Gwanki]] Bani na yi blocking din shi ba. Daga can babban shafin [[Special:CentralAuth/Auwall|Meta da Wikifidiya ta Truranci]] akayi blocking din shi. Sannn '''ka daina kirkirar article akan shi''', ci gaba da yin hakan za iya ja yayi blocking dinka. Wikipedia ba wurin talla bane, kuma ba kowa ake rubuta ma tarihi ba sai sannanun mutane na hakika irin yan siyasa da makamantansu. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:30, 21 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== help ==

Please how to add reference and make template on Hausa articles.
It's hard to me. 
[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 07:39, 22 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
:@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]]: Yanzu babu template din anan sai an dauko su daga Wikipedia ta turanci. Amma idan kana son ka fiddo reference kawai kasa '''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt; .......&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;''' a karshen bayanin zaka ga reference din ya fito a kasa kamar haka (&lt;ref&gt;misali&lt;/ref&gt;). Inda ka ga nasa dash (....) sai ka sa link din bayanin wato kamar BBC Hausa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:54, 25 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== Databox ==

Hi Ammar,

Well done on the translation of technical messages, I had started this a long time ago but you are way better than me at this!

By the way, I have started to translate Wikidata properties into Hausa. This can be useful because since recently there is a new tool called Databox: it allows, with very simple code, to have an infobox with a lot of useful information on many articles: I have created [[Napoleon]] to give an example. As you can see all the properties are not translated yet into Hausa. It can enable us to create thousands of stubs here on the Hausa Wikipedia (or just add an infobox to the existing articles).

I have put some on [[User:DonCamillo|my userpage]], you can translate them here if you want, or translate them directly on Wikidata if you are familiar with the &quot;labels&quot; system.

Have a great day! Best regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 06:11, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC)
:You're welcome {{@|DonCamillo}}, I will look into them and  do the appropriate thing. By the way, I  am working on new, more intuitive [[Wikipedia:Sabon babban shafi|main page here]], you can have a look and tweak as deem fit. You'll find some templates like [[Template:Articles needed|this]] and [[Template:Invite|this]] are transcluded, so they can be edited independent of main page. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 19:12, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC)

== Reason for deletion of the article Abubakar A Gwanki  ==

I have created many articles here in Hausa language Wikipedia, I didn't see anyone deleted but only one article of &quot;Abubakar A Gwanki&quot;  why is being deleted?  Nasan Dai dukkan makalolin da na kirkira shima kamar sauran ne amma kuma sai shi kadai ne naga ka goge shi. __ [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 17:14, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC)
:{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} Ina so in tabbatar ma abun da kake yi a Hausa Wikipedia kana kokari, kuma ina fatan ka ida fahimtar ta baki daya. Na dauki number wayarka zan neme ka mu tattauna abubuwa da dama. Amma ka daina kirkirar mukala akanka ko wani abokinka. Mukalar insakulofidiya ana rubuta ta ne kawai akan mutane fitatattu na gaskiya. Shiya sa kaga aka goge [[:en:Abubakar A Gwanki|abunda ka rubuta a Wikipedia ta turanci]]. Na gode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:38, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC)

== Translation request ==
Hello! May I ask you for a translation of the phrase '''Automatic refresh''' into {{#language:ha}}? Thanks [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 18:23, 20 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC)
:Will do that on translatewiki –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:05, 26 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC)
::It is not a MediaWiki message; just my own request. [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 19:43, 27 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC)

== Neman taimako Daga Abdulmalik mansur sharif ==

Assalamu alaikum Ammarpad, Sunana abdulmalik mansur sharif a garin kano nake ni dalibi ne maison bincike, karance-karance da kuma rubutu musamman sanin tarihi dan Allah inaso a bani dama kuma asakani a hanya nayi wasu rubutun ta yadda zan anfanar da al'ummar hausawa, nadanyi wani Karin bayani akan tarihi Michael Jackson zaku iya dubawa Ku gani Dan Allah. Ina data zaku taimakeni. 
:Sannu da zuwa {{@|Ameer Maleek}} na duba gyaran da kayi kuma nayi farin ciki. A halin yanzu da kwai hausawa yan kadan a shafin, ina fatan zaka ci gaba da ziyartar shi lokaci lokaci. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:56, 7 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC)

== Godiya  ==

Na gode in Allah ya yarda zanci gaba da bada gudun mowa Dari bisa dari kuma Dan idan kuna da wata kungiya inaso nazama member saboda na kara kwarewa Na kuma samu Karin ilimi da kuma hanyar da zan inganta rubuce rubuce Na. Na gode
:{{@|Ameer Maleek}} OK, ka ban numbarka ta waya, zan neme ka. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 13 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC)

aslm wai wannan malamin yana ina azaune

Lamba: 08160956607
Gari: kano Nigeria

== [[Kira]] ==

Hi Ammarpad, sorry for writing in English. An IP has blanked the page above, do you think it was correct? If it was we can delete it. Regards [[User:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[User talk:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 05:58, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC)
:Hi {{@|DARIO SEVERI}} I have restored it and will develop it very soon. It is useful stub about [[:en:Blacsmith|Blacksmithing]]. Thank you. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 06:39, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC)

== David oyedepo ==

Wanene crista

== WAM 2018 ==

Salam Ammarpad,  Bansan ko zaka shiga cikin wannan gasar ba, amma idan kanada sha'awa zaka iya shiga, ka duba Karin bayani anan [[Wikipedia:Watan Yan'Asiya]]. Nagode.  [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 21:24, 8 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC)

== Hausa Wikimedians User Group ==

Hello! [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] I would like to let you know that I have started our Hausa editors community user group [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] in order to have a connected and collaborative working environment, that would serve as a primary place for co-ordinating of activities that would support us all in our editing and order related endeavors to improve and make quality contents of the Wikimedia projects. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 12:39, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC)
:Thanks {{@|The Living love}}, I will take a look. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:26, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC)

Hello {{@|Ammarpad}}, I'm sorry for contacting you here lately but I've sent you a message through WhatsApp earlier. I've spoken with {{@|DonCamillo}} regarding the application for recognition of our UG Hausa Wikimedians as I earlier told you about, and he's given 100% support for it. I hope to hear from you after seeing my messages. Thanks
[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:32, 8 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC)
:Hello [[user:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], as I told you, the [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] is already on recognition process with the affiliation Committee of the '''WMF''', but the changes you've made just recently has changed everything in the application form we sent, and this has affected the mission which is very crucial. Please let us adhere to the previous name and design of the group. I would also start a discussion on the home page of the project on how we can select boards and audit committee for the group. As founding members I, you and [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]]'s email were all sent to the AffCom committee and I hope they would certainly contact you. If permitted I can undo all the changes or you do it yourself, and if otherwise please let me know. Thanks -[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 02:55, 13 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)
::Zanyi reply ta WhatsApp. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:35, 14 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)
:Slm [[user:Ammarpad|Ammar]] na maka magana ta whatsapp da email, dangane da message din da AffCom suka dawo dashi. Yanzu bansan me zaka ce ba.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:28, 7 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC)
::Nayi reply. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:49, 8 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC)

== Moustapha ==

Hakananna sai nayi nazari

== I-mel  ==

Sannu! Na turo maka sakon I-mel. 
Na gode.  [[User:Engr Muhammad Khamis|Engr Muhammad Khamis]] ([[User talk:Engr Muhammad Khamis|talk]]) 09:11, 10 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC)

narda

== Gyara ==

Barka da rana!
Ina son Na ankarar da admins wata matsala da na gano ta a wannan shafin. Matsalar kuwa itace mu masu amfani da wayoyi wajen editing wannan shafin baya bude mana a Babban Shafi (desktop version), Idan da mai yiwuwa to a gyara. - [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 11:56, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)
:{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} OK, ina ganin wannan haka site din yake ne. Yanzu kaga nima ina kan wayar hannu ne, in kana son komawa desktop version, saidai ka latsa &quot;Babban shafi&quot; da kanka, zaka ga wurin a can kasan kowane shafi. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:08, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)

== gidanhaki ==

Gidanhaki dai shiya ce mai din bin tarifi ta kafune tun da zuwan shehu uthaman bin fodiyo allah shi yarda dashi izuwa kawo yanzu sai dai karin suna datakeyi a sassa daban daban da fannin muhammad sani gidanhaki

Slm ammarpad dan allah inaso na kirkiri shafuka na hausa

Assalam

== Kwankwaso,s wife ==

Kwankwaso,s wife

== Various requests ==
Hello, Could you please:
*Replace the [[MediaWiki:Common.css|Hausa wiki css]] with the [[:en:MediaWiki:Common.css|english wiki css]]. It fixes, amongst others, the position of the infoboxes.
*Delete these two pages: [[Template:Wikibase]], [[Module:Wikibase]].
*Edit these localization pages (Just modify the values on the right hand side): 
**[[Template:Infobox biography/localize]].
**[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/basketball/localize]].
**[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/football/localize]].
**[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/tennis/localize]].

Thanks. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 18:23, 15 Mayu 2019 (UTC)

== Alijos A Shehu ==

Sunan DUNiYA

== Ibrahim kabiru gagarawa ==

Ina Neman yadda zan bude account na Wikipedia
:{{@| 197.210.47.39}} Ka shiga [[Special:CreateAccount]]. Ko kuma ka tura man sunanka da email ta email dina &lt;code&gt;ammar@wikimedia.org.ng&lt;/code&gt;. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:04, 13 ga Yuni, 2019 (UTC)

== Muhamadu ==

Salm YA AKEBUDE EMAIL

== yusuf ==

Ibrahim

== sa idu musa ==

riji yan gwamgwam jido  dawakin  kudu  kano

== sa idu  musa rijiya gwamgwam jido dawakin kudu  IP ==

Yayi daidai kobaiyiba  awayar mindakai

== 88465702 ==

Kaka ari

== layisantara ==

lawal ninazauna awurare dabandaba naungowa natashi dagabayan garin daura  sunwajan gari shadam bu

== Aslm barkan'mu da warhaka ina mana patan alkhairi baki daya yan uwana musilmai  ==

Ina godiya ga allah daya bamu damar yadda damu kasance atare da juna

== babani ==

112202

== Translation ==

I want to know if I can translate a Wikipedia article from 'English Wikipedia' to 'Hausa Wikipedia'. If yes, I want to know more about it. Thanks.

== ibraheem Adamu gumel jigawa state ==

barkanku DA 
fatan kuna lafeeya I want be among members of this organization

 wannni yafara shugaban kasa a nejire

== Neman taimako ==

Barkanku da aiki, ni sunana ABDULMALIK MANSUR ina zaune a garin kano nayi rijista da wannan shafi ne domin nima na bada gudunmowa. Dan Allah ina bukatar shawarwarinku da kuma taimakon ku na gode.

Godiya [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 17:25, 13 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC)
:Yawwa {{@|Maliky}} Barka da zuwa, kamar dame dame kake bukatar ka sani? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:31, 16 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC)

Kamar yadda ake yin table da kuma saka hoto. [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 11:41, 14 Satumba 2020 (UTC)

== Muhammad Huwaidahu sufi  ==

Facebook 
Wkslm lafiya kalau

== 0852 ==

Aa

== Aliyu iliyasu dangada ==

Nima inaso nabada gudummawa sosai Dan kara bunkasa yaren hausa innasamu damar hakan dukda ba sosai nake fashintar turanciba amma ina ganeshi 
misali wasu kalmomi da zamuso agyagygyara kuma muna munna da akasamar da wannan shafin 
muna jinjina maka matuka very good,
[[Special:Contributions/105.112.25.48|105.112.25.48]] 10:00, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC)
:Yawwa yayi kyau, kuma muna maraba daku. Zaka iya shiga group dinmu na WhatsApp domin ci gaba da tattaunawa da kuma sanin shirye shiryen mu. Kuma ya kamata ka [[Special:CreateAccount|kirkiri sabon account]] don ka samu username na dindindin. Kana iya sake tambaya na idan kana neman karin bayani. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:09, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC)

== ismail ==

Labaran duniya

== Abdullahi dahiru odo ogun ==

Barkan muda warhaka!
:Yawwa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 11:58, 31 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC)

== na kirkira mukala ==

Ya zan sanya reference
::Ka duba shafinka na tattaunawa na anyi maka bayanin hakan. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:08, 16 ga Faburairu, 2021 (UTC)

== From ==

Ghy

== J k musa yaro ==

Son annabi shine so har abada shine son da mutum zai rika ya amfanar dashi duniya da lahira

Allah kasa mudace allah kasamu cekinyan tatu bayin ka

Asslm dan Allah ina da tambaya idan kana kusa

== mansir isah ==

unguwar.magaji. kakngi.giwa.area.Kaduna.state

Crawle

== aminuidris0808811 ==

aminuiris

== Auwal dalladi kargi ==

An haifi auwal a ranar 01/06/2000

== Databox ==

Asslm. Ammar ya ake sanya databox. Na yi translation na [[Jami'ar Jos]] amman daga baya naga '''Uncle bash''' ya saka databox. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 08:38, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

:@[[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]], Za ka rubuta &lt;nowiki&gt;{{databox}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ne a farkon article din. Har da brackets (braces) din. Daga nan zaka ga information din ya fito. A wani article din kuma ba zaka gani ba, amma duk daya ne. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:04, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)
::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], na saka ma [[Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna]] yayi. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 16:34, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

==Neman shawara==
Masha Allah

Gaskiya naji dadi sosai kasancewar ansamu mai kula da page na Wikipedia da Hausa hakan ba qaramin cigaba ne ba ace Yaren Hausa yasamu irin wannan daukaka ta hanyar Mr.Ammarpad.

Mr. Ammarpad ina jinjina a gareka,Allah yaqara daukaka,yayimaka jagora adukan lamurranka.

A qarshe ina neman shawarar ka akan yadda za,ayi nabudawa garina Salame Wikipedia,Kasancewar Salame tsohon garine mai dinbin tarihi a daular Usmaniyya Wanda shine mahaifar Sheik Abdulqadir bn Mustafa alturud Salame.
Daga Kabiru Aliyu Salame,Gwadabawa local government,Sokoto state,Nigeria. [[User:Kabir salame|Kabir salame]] ([[User talk:Kabir salame|talk]]) 18:54, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

:Barka da zuwa Malam Kabir, muna farin ciki da zuwanka.
:Ka duba tutorial din mu: [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]] akwai bayani sosae akan yadda zaka yi gyara da ƙirƙira sabbin muƙaloli a Wikipedia.
:Akwai kuma bayani na musamman a wannan shafin shima: [[Wikipedia:Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 14 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

&lt;u&gt;ja layi&lt;/u&gt; COMMUNIYT SYSTERM ALL THE USE VALU TRY [[Special:Contributions/197.210.70.246|197.210.70.246]] 23:09, 7 Disamba 2022 (UTC)

== Jami u lawal ==

Allah yajikan zulaihatu

== Databox ==

Barka da safe, Ammar,

Ina fata kana lafiya. Congratulations on the work you are doing to add &quot;databox&quot; to articles where it was missing! I have been doing that manually for a long time but you have very clearly found a faster way to do it. :) Could you tell me which tool you are using? Nagode sosai, –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 07:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC)
:Barka da yau {{@|DonCamillo|p=}} and sannu da ƙoƙari. Yes yana da wahala manually and can be quite slow. Ina amfani ne da custom PHP code ta hanyar [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=help&amp;modules=edit module na editing], ba tool bane dake a kan wiki ba. Nagode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC)

== Saifillahi Abdullahi mlf ==

Kaura ne katsina

SANI ABAKAR S D P SOKOTO WAMAKKO LG  RUGGAR MONDE AR

== Abia ==

Anyinasarar kama dantaaddaa'ngelzarma'jihar yobe karamunhukumar fune

== ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA ==

ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA

== FUNAKAA ==

FUNAKAA

agaskiya inada tambaya

to kamar ita wannan kasar ta jamhoriyar nijar wane laifine muhammadu bazoum yake dashi har sukan yimasa juyi mulki

== Gaisuwa ==

Na gode kwarai,muna alfahari daku wurin nuna kulawa akan mu, Godiya nake [[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]] ([[User talk:El-Abdallaah|talk]]) 07:59, 31 ga Augusta, 2023 (UTC)

:Nagode, @[[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]]. Barka da ƙoƙari. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:53, 1 Satumba 2023 (UTC)

== Usman abubakar  ==

Ita rayuwa wace abace da Allah madau kakin sarki yatsa ramana ita

== ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar ==

Ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar [[Special:Contributions/105.112.235.123|105.112.235.123]] 15:56, 9 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC)

== maganin daji ==

maganin daji [[Special:Contributions/2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6|2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6]] 20:01, 19 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC)

== Ali musa  ==

An haife shi

Chida ga watan Oktoba

1986 cikin@

gari gidan kube @

dake jahar maradi 

[[Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism]] [[Special:Contributions/41.254.48.53|41.254.48.53]] 21:45, 24 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC)

== Rigar kusa ==

&quot;Rigar kusa&quot; kauye ne dake karamar hukumar musawa katsina state.
Rigar kusa kauye ne mai dauke dauke da yawa matasa da kuma dattawa masana sunce rigar kusa tsohon gari ne.
Rigarkusa kauyika da dama yahada da yar kiya,sabongida slow,bambama da sauransu.
Tana wutar nantarki da asibiti da makaranta primary da nasury.

== Ghana Boy 055 ==


Chapiou


@ [[Special:Contributions/154.160.9.24|154.160.9.24]] 12:09, 21 ga Maris, 2024 (UTC)

== ALIYO ==

BORNO

== Namespaces ==

Hi!

You [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3A%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&amp;diff=213527&amp;oldid=181184 emptied] the page &quot;Wikipedia:Ƙofan al'umma&quot; some time ago.

There was a section I added there with a question about namespace names. It can be seen here in an old revision: [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&amp;oldid=181178#Namespaces

You know the Hausa language, and you are also very experienced with MediaWiki. Can you please check the table and tell me whether the proposed names are good?

Thanks! [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 18:30, 11 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC)

:I made a new section about this here: [[Wikipedia:Kofan al'umma#Namespace name translations]]. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 20:01, 12 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC)

== Shehu gibirima  ==

Shehu gibirima [[Musamman:Contributions/102.91.4.40|102.91.4.40]] 19:03, 24 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC)

== Salisu garba ==

Assalamu alaikum inason tan baya kozan shiwaka tana da sinada rin ciwon tayi pot

== Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru ==

Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru [[Musamman:Contributions/105.112.117.72|105.112.117.72]] 13:47, 28 ga Augusta, 2024 (UTC)

== ABDULRAHMAN HARUNA ==

KADUNA

== Bbca ==

A

== HAUSA RIGAR SILKE ==

DUK WANI ABU DA YA SHAFI INGANTA HARSHEN HAUSA DA HAƁAKATA [[User:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU]] ([[User talk:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|talk]]) 15:05, 2 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC)

== shaaibu ==

JIGAWA

== SHEHU USMANU ==

GADA BUNGUDU ZAMFARA NIGERIA

== AmmarBot for Swahili Wikipedia ==

Hello brother,

I hope you are doing great after the series of sessions at Wikimania. I also hope you've returned safely to your home country.

I was just asking about the bot issue which I shared with you back in Nairobi. Any progress so far? [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 12:36, 15 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

:Hello @[[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]], I am fine. I hope you reached home safely too. 
:I have set up the code now, I just need the translated text. Please share the welcome text. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:22, 16 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)
::Hello back @[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]. I have replied to the email.  [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 17:46, 17 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

== 7 ==

uyt [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-29458-90|&amp;#126;2025-29458-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2025-29458-90|talk]]) 17:51, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

Taba nono na mace

== Lawan abdulhamid ==

Lawan abdulhamid kano

MIYzansa

== Nakasa yin rijista  ==

Nakasa yin rajista miyasane

== SLM ==

SLM

== Isma.il.abdul.yar.runfa ==

 08142754552

Aslm da farko sunana Abdul'aziz Anas ni ina yankin malumfashi ne '''mazaunin yakinkin karamar hukumar malumfashi garin YABA  taken wanna rubutu da nakeyi shine ina da burin naga na wallafar da wani littafi Wanda na rubuta na da mashi suna rayuwar mu a yau .Wannan shine taken Wannan rubutu''' [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-11554-74|&amp;#126;2026-11554-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-11554-74|talk]]) 13:02, 21 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji ==


suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji 

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-11940-32|&amp;#126;2026-11940-32]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-11940-32|talk]]) 22:34, 22 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Dodik ==

imomaliyev [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-12770-62|&amp;#126;2026-12770-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-12770-62|talk]]) 13:18, 26 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Fulani daneji ==

danejawa

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|&amp;#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:35, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Tarihin fulani daneji ==

danejawa [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|&amp;#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:36, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== NURA FADA MUHAMMED ==

assalama alaikum waramatullah ta alawabar katuhum dafar kodai sunana NURA FADA MUHAMMED MUBI kemikagai suwaga shugabannin kasarmu najeriya dakuma sauran gomnonin jahohin dake afadin najeriya tareda rokon allah subahanahu wata alamadaukakin yabawa shugaban kasar nigeria nisan kona da yawan nasarar wajenganin anshimma wannan zaben dayatinkaromu nashekara ta 2027 alfarman annabi tareda rokonku dan allah dan annabin allah idon allah yasa wanan sakon taje indanake keutata zato taje todan allah kuyikokarin nemoni a number tawa don da sauran bayanin ne al,umar najeriya 07025450283, inajiranku

== inason zuwa gambiya  ==

neman aure zasu bani [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-13669-78|&amp;#126;2026-13669-78]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-13669-78|talk]]) 02:28, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Nazifi ==

yes [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-13801-80|&amp;#126;2026-13801-80]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-13801-80|talk]]) 16:48, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Usmanisah01234@gmail.com  ==

Usmanu [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14055-73|&amp;#126;2026-14055-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14055-73|talk]]) 20:11, 4 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== AISHA ABDULLAHI ==

assalama alaikum mutanen wikipedia hausa

== Abdul Aziz  ==

Ssdf [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14413-94|&amp;#126;2026-14413-94]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14413-94|talk]]) 07:21, 6 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== YAHAYA MUSA  ==

6/3/2026

Ni atemakeni bandasanaa

== Isah Abubakar ==

￼kaduna steste nigeria

￼inaneman temaku kudi 


[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14783-76|&amp;#126;2026-14783-76]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14783-76|talk]]) 05:47, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Help ==

Please help me improve [[Gaza genocide|this]] article I recently created; my Hausa language skills are poor. Also, please add [[:en:Gaza_genocide|this]] article to the Hausa Wikipedia as it is important. Thank you. [[User:جودت|جودت]] ([[User talk:جودت|talk]]) 15:48, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah ==

Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14911-34|&amp;#126;2026-14911-34]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14911-34|talk]]) 18:45, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== INASONASHIGA ==

WALLAHI

== Alkasim  ==

alkasim  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|&amp;#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:39, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Alkasim  ==

alkasim  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|&amp;#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:40, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

Jahan dosso partama nawa ne Garett [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-15494-30|&amp;#126;2026-15494-30]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-15494-30|talk]]) 23:24, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Auwalu mansur gaya  ==

A garin gaya na bada tallafin Ramadan a Kofar gidan Sarkin garin Wanda ya hada da shinkafa da wake da ruwan Leda da lemon fata

== Block review ==

Hi! Could I ask for your review of the block on [[Musamman:Contributions/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] placed by a global sysop roughly a year ago? If you do not think their contributions necessitate it, I'd recommend removing the block.

The short version on my end is that [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] created a new account, [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu mc|Adamu mc]], after their account was blocked and subsequently locked. I identified this yesterday and globally blocked the new account. However, reviewing their edits, I don't think they're actually connected to AhmedMustafaaaa. If their contributions to this wiki do not warrant a block, removing their previous account's block would be useful. Thanks for your time, and let me know if I should send this request elsewhere. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 18:40, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]], I am not very familiar with this user, but from looking at the accounts involved, I agree they are the least likely to be AhmedMustafaaaa. Although [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] appears to be independently blocked on Wikidata and MediaWiki.org for unrelated reasons, their actions here on this wiki are quite acceptable and do not warrant a block.
:I am fine with removing the block from the older account. However, it is worth noting that they created Adamu_ab about a month before the first account was blocked. They then immediately switched to the second account on the day the first was blocked. They need to stick to a single account and appeal blocks from there. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:33, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]: Indeed - part of a global unblock for them would be a commitment to using a single account, and the old account will likely remain locked. Thanks for looking into this. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 14:49, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Jimi boi gk ==

Washer boi

== (Ibrahim bako) ==

Bissimillahi rahamani rahim

== Zanshuga ==

masha Allah  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-17709-67|&amp;#126;2026-17709-67]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-17709-67|talk]]) 20:02, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-17806-26|&amp;#126;2026-17806-26]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-17806-26|talk]]) 22:04, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== I need to edit  ==

yusuf bin shaik  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-18422-17|&amp;#126;2026-18422-17]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-18422-17|talk]]) 01:37, 25 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Dari daya ==

Litafi dari daya

== Gali ==

Gufanar da mal. Nasir el rufa'i a gabar kotu

== ALI ISA JC NAWA ==

CHAM

== Sai anjima ==


sai anjima 

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-19045-00|&amp;#126;2026-19045-00]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-19045-00|talk]]) 11:00, 27 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== xxwxx ==

pap pu wwxx [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-19636-09|&amp;#126;2026-19636-09]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-19636-09|talk]]) 18:16, 29 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Masaudu  ==

Ina son koyon NAHAWU 


[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20180-81|&amp;#126;2026-20180-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20180-81|talk]]) 10:05, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Ina bukatar taimakonku ==

Ina bukatar taimakonku [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20156-98|&amp;#126;2026-20156-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20156-98|talk]]) 12:50, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Menene amfanin na'a na'a. ==

Menene amfanin na'a na'a. [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20503-90|&amp;#126;2026-20503-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20503-90|talk]]) 01:46, 3 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Learning physics topics  ==

Explain why ph [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20678-19|&amp;#126;2026-20678-19]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20678-19|talk]]) 08:30, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== ١٢٣٤٥ ==

روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20875-04|&amp;#126;2026-20875-04]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20875-04|talk]]) 15:56, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Chrome ==

روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20860-61|&amp;#126;2026-20860-61]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20860-61|talk]]) 16:09, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Inason shiga kasara ==

yanada sauki kokuma yabinyake Kuma yakudian kasar suke


[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21619-45|&amp;#126;2026-21619-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21619-45|talk]]) 15:43, 7 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Fty ==

Fg [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21613-47|&amp;#126;2026-21613-47]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21613-47|talk]]) 04:11, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Alikirashi45  ==

alikirashi

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|&amp;#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:05, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Alikirashi45  ==

alikirashi

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|&amp;#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:06, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Jibril auwal hamza ==

Inaso Na goge asusuna Na access bank Nada Wani asusuna Yaya zanyi domin Yin hakan

== Usseni.  Ibbirashim ==

08133144879 [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-23155-49|&amp;#126;2026-23155-49]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-23155-49|talk]]) 14:59, 14 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Correction  ==

The image of the statue, is not of Tullio Moneta but that of his Uncle/Great uncle, Ernesto Theodore Moneta. 


Tullio lived in Johannesburg, South Africa, not Durban. Mike Hoare lived in the Durban area.


Wikipedia is a popular site as a source of credible information. Please be certain of facts before posting information on people. Thank you.  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-23654-39|&amp;#126;2026-23654-39]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-23654-39|talk]]) 17:00, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Ahmad Rufai  ==

Ahmad Rufai [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-23571-21|&amp;#126;2026-23571-21]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-23571-21|talk]]) 23:36, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Sutura ==

Sutura [[User:Ahamad roufaï|Ahamad roufaï]] ([[User talk:Ahamad roufaï|talk]]) 23:44, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu  ==

Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|&amp;#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:23, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Misali kasa ko bishyu haka ==

Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|&amp;#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:24, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Alhamdu lillah  ==

masha Allah  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-24815-45|&amp;#126;2026-24815-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-24815-45|talk]]) 16:13, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Itaciyyar zamani  ==

shin tayaya Zan Iya gabatar Da darasi Mai Anfani a wannan gida Dan cigaban Al,umma GABA daya . Zan so in Samu damar Hakan in sha Allah. [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-25442-87|&amp;#126;2026-25442-87]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-25442-87|talk]]) 13:35, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

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In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Inaso temako ==

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== Abdullahi rabiu  ==

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== Imrana bello kirfi  ==

allah ya zaunarmana da kasarmu najeria lafiya  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-26509-38|&amp;#126;2026-26509-38]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-26509-38|talk]]) 13:49, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)

== Imrana bello kirfi  ==

allah ya zaunarmana da kasarmu najeria lafiya  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-26509-38|&amp;#126;2026-26509-38]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-26509-38|talk]]) 13:52, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Daular Kanem-Bornu</title>
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        <username>Baban Asiya</username>
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      <text bytes="4076" sha1="4ifmra3ryo49x0a1ja17xdegwkjskk3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Kanem flag from dulcerta 1339-pt.svg|thumb|Tutar daular Kanem Bornu]]
[[File:Abubakar_Ibn_Umar_Garbai_El-Kanemi_of_Borno.jpg  |thumb|Abubakar Ibn Umar Garbai El-Kanemi of Borno ]] 
[[File:A_son_of_Shehu_Abubakar_Garbai.png  |thumb|Dandan Shehu Abubakar Garbai]] 
'''Daular Kanem–Barno''' ta kasance daula ce data taka kasancewa wurin da a inda ayau nan ne kasar [[Cadi]] da [[Nijeriya]]. Masanan kasashe larabawa suna kiran daular da '''Kanem Empire''' daga karni na 9th har zuwa sanda takasance daular musulunci '''Barno''' ('''Daular Barno''') a Shekarar 1900. Kanem Empire CE tun daga shekara ta (c. 700 zuwa 1380) takasance ne kasashen Chad, Nigeria da [[Libya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310975/Kanem-Bornu|title=Kanem-Bornu|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=24 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; A matukar girmar daular ta tattara kasashe ba kawai daukacin kasar Chad ba, takai har zuwa kudancin kasar [[Libya]] ([[Fezzan]]) da gabashin [[Nijar]], arewa maso gabas din  Nigeria da arewacin [[kamaru]]. A yayin da '''Daular Bornu''' take a shekara ta (1380s zuwa 1893) takasance a inda ake kira ayau arewa maso gabashin Nigeria, wanda tacigaba da girma fiye da daular Kanem, ta tattari kasashen da ayau sune ko kuma suke daga cikin kasashe kamar su Chad, Nijar, [[Sudan]], da kamaru; an samar da’ita  daga shekara ta 1380s zuwa shekarar 1893. Farkon tarihin daular an santa ne da jerin masu sarautar ko ''[[Girgam]]'' matafiyin bincike  dan kasar jamus wato [[Heinrich Barth]] wanda aka gano a shekarar 1851.

==Nazari akan Kafuwar Daular==
Kanem takasance a kudancin dake yankin kasuwanci da ake kira wato [[trans-Saharan trade]] dake tsakanin garin [[Tripoli]] da kuma yankin [[tabkin Cadi]]. Baccin mutanen biranen kasar kawai ta tattari harda wasu kungiyoyin al'ummu makiyaya masu amfani da harsuna kamar harshen Teda–harshen Daza ([[Toubou]]).

===Kafuwar yankin daga Yan'cirani c. 600 BC===
Yadda aka Samu Kanem nada rudani. Wasu tsoffin tarihai sun danganta samuwar Kanem-Bornu da kifewar daular [[Assyrian Empire]] c. 600 BC har zuwa arewa maso gabashin  tabkin [[Cadi]].&lt;ref&gt;Lange, Dierk. [http://dierklange.com/pdf/reviews/dierklange_allgemein/FOUNDING_9.5.2011.pdf ''Founding of Kanem''], 31–38.&lt;/ref&gt; amma sai dai nazarcen zamani na goyon bayan cewar samuwar yankin yafi kusanci da shigowar yanciranin.&lt;ref&gt;An overview of these discussions are gathered in the web page of the German scholar Dierk Lange, author of this theory: [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=37&amp;Itemid=''Reviews of Dierk Lange – Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa'']&lt;/ref&gt;

===Samuwar ta daga yan Kanembu (Dugua) c. 700 AD===
Daga wani nazarin daya karbu, ansamu cewar masarautar tafara kafuwa ne a shekara ta 700 AD a karkashin makiyayan masu amfani da harshen  [[Tebu language|Tebu]]-[[Kanembu people|Kanembu]]. Ance  mutanen Kanembu an tursasa sune sukabar yankunansu har zuwa kasar noma dake yankin kudu maso yammacin [[tabkin Chadi]] daga matsin siyasa da [[desiccation]] a tsohuwar mazauninsu, yankin nada yancin kanta tun asali, walled [[city-state]]s belonging to the [[Sao civilisation|Sao culture]]. A karkashin mulkin [[Duguwa dynasty]], Kanembu sun mamaye Sao, bawai bayan sun dauki aladun matanen ba.&lt;ref&gt;Urvoy, ''Empire'', 3–35; Trimingham, ''History'', 104–111.&lt;/ref&gt; ancigaba da gwabza yaki tsakanin su har zuwa karshen karni na goma sha shida  (16th).

===Samuwar Agisymba===
Wani nazarin ya nuna cewar batacciyar kasar [[Agisymba]] wanda ([[Ptolemy]] ya ambata tun a tsakiyar karni na biyu (2nd) AD) itama mashafuriyar daular Kanem din ce.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dierklange.com/pdf/contents/12Mune-Symbol_as_the_Ark.pdf &quot;The Mune as the Ark of the Covenant between Duguwa (Kanembu) and Sefuwa (Kanembu - Mayi)&quot;] Borno Museum Society Newsletter 66–67 (2006), 15–25. (The article has a map (page 6) of the ancient Central Sahara and proposes to identify Agisymba of 100 CE with the early Kanem state).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category: Dauloli]]
[[Category: Tarihin Najeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kashi</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348908179|Kashk]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="7482" sha1="pb3ndwmkgt1dew8uve30edx7t62uihf" xml:space="preserve">'''Kashk''', '''kishk''', ( Persian   ''Kašk'', Turkish   ), ( Sorani Kurdish   ) '''qurat''', '''qurt''', '''kurut''', '''kurt''', '''qqet''', '''jameed''', '''shilanch''' ( [[Harshen Tuva|Tuvan]] and Kyrgyz  , Kazakh  , Turkish  , Turkmen  , Azabaijan da Uzbek  , Tajik: ƙурут, Persian   ), '''chortan''' ( Armenian   ''chort'an'' ), '''aaruul''' ko '''khuruud''' ( Mongolian : ''ааруул'' ko ''хурууд'' ) nau'ikan kayayyakin kiwo ne da suka shahara a abincin Iran, abincin Caucasian, da abincin Asiya ta Tsakiya . Ana yin Kashk ne daga yogurt da aka tace, ana tace madarar shanu (musamman, ana tace qatiq ) ko kuma ana tace madarar tsami ta hanyar siffanta shi sannan a bar shi ya bushe. Ana iya yin sa ta hanyoyi daban-daban: ana naɗe shi a cikin ƙwallo, a yanka shi a yanka, sannan a yi shi a gunduwa-gunduwa.

Akwai manyan nau'ikan abinci guda uku masu wannan suna: abinci da aka yi da [[madara]] mai laushi kamar yogurt ko [[cuku]] ; abinci da aka yi da miyar [[sha'ir]], burodi, ko gari; da abinci da aka yi da [[Siril|hatsi]] da aka haɗa da madara mai laushi.
[[Fayil:Armenian_dried_yogurt_balls_(choratan).jpg|thumb|Busashen ƙwallan yogurt na Armeniya (choratan).jpg]]

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Daga Farisanci na Tsakiya (kšk' / kašk), ana tsammanin ya fito ne daga (hwš- / hōš-, &quot;bushe&quot;) dangane da tsarin fermentation wanda ya ƙunshi bushewa a ƙarƙashin rana,  &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Sepideh |date=December 20, 2022 |title=Comparison of traditional Doogh (yogurt drinking) and Kashk characteristics (Two traditional Iranian dairy products) |url=https://www.primescholars.com/articles/comparison-of-traditional-doogh-yogurt-drinking-and-kashk-characteristics-two-traditional-iranian-dairy-products.pdf |website=Pelegia Research Library}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba da kalmar ga harsuna da yawa ciki har da [[Larabci]], [[Harshen Siriyanci|Syriac]], [[Turkanci|Turkish]], Azerbaijan da sauransu da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://iranicaonline.org/ |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=iranicaonline.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin [[Turkic languages|harsunan Turkawa]], ana kiransa da qurut/kurut. Qurut ya samo asali ne daga kalmar fi'ili ta Turkic ''quru-t'' ('don yin busasshe').

A cikin Armeniya - chortan ( ''chor'' yana nufin &quot;bushewa&quot;, yayin da ''tan'' shine madarar shanu, ragowar ruwan da aka samu daga yin man shanu). &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Bayani ==
[[Fayil:Mercado_de_Chorsu_03.jpg|thumb|Kwallan Kashk a Chorsu Bazaar, Tashkent, Uzbekistan]]
Tsarin ''kashk'' na da, wato porridge na [[hatsi]] da aka jika da whey sannan aka busar da shi a rana.  Tsawon lokacin da ''kashk'' ke ɗauka da kuma darajar abinci mai gina jiki ya sa ya zama abu mai amfani ga manoma a lokacin hunturu, da kuma sojoji da matafiya.  ''Kashk'' shine asalin ''tarhana'' da ake samu a cikin abincin zamani na [[Turkiyya]] da [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]], inda ake kiransa ''trachanas'' ( {{Lang|el|τραχανάς}} ). &lt;ref name=&quot;brill&quot; /&gt;

''Kashk'' na zamani yawanci abinci ne na busasshen madarar madara wanda za a iya niƙa shi a mayar da shi manna da ruwa.  &lt;ref name=&quot;ijf&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Iranmanesh |first=Mahdieh |year=2018 |title=SPME/GC-MS characterization of volatile compounds of Iranian traditional dried Kashk |journal=International Journal of Food Properties |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=1067–1079 |doi=10.1080/10942912.2018.1466323 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya amfani da wannan foda mai kauri don yin kauri da miya da kuma inganta ɗanɗanon su, ko kuma a matsayin sinadari a cikin nau'ikan nama, shinkafa ko kayan lambu.   Busarwa yana ba da damar tsawon rayuwar samfurin. &lt;ref name=&quot;shiroodi&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shiroodi |first=Setareh Ghorban |last2=Mohammadifar |first2=Mohammad Amin |last3=Gorji |first3=Elham Ghorbani |last4=Ezzatpanah |first4=Hamid |last5=Zohouri |first5=Nilofar |date=2012 |title=Influence of gum tragacanth on the physiochemical and rheological properties of kashk&quot; |journal=Journal of Dairy Research |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=93–101 |doi=10.1017/S0022029911000872 |pmid=23171586 |s2cid=43020826}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kashk kuma shine babban abincin da ake ci a Iran wanda aka fi sani da kashk-e bademjan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Moraba |first=Kareh |date=2016 |title=The Story of Kashk |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26362399 |journal=Gastronomica |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=97–100 |doi=10.1525/gfc.2016.16.4.97 |jstor=26362399 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kashk a cikin harsuna daban-daban da al'adu ==
Ana iya samun kayayyakin kiwo na Kashk a cikin abincin Iran, Tajikistan, Iraki, Siriya, Masar, da Caucasus . [1] [2] [3] A wasu harsuna ana kiransa kashk ko kishkh, ( Persian , Tajik , Arabic , Kurdish , Turkish ), qurut a wasu ( Tajik , Kazakh , Turkish , Turkmen , Uzbek , Kyrgyz , Pashto , Shor , Khakas Akwai sunaye daban-daban na wannan nau'in abinci, ciki har da jameed ( Arabic ) ), chortan ( Armenian ) da aaruul, khurud ( Mongolian ) An ambaci Chortan a cikin waƙar Armeniya ta ƙarni na 19 mai suna Daredevils of Sassoun, wadda aka ce ta dogara ne akan al'adar baka ta ƙarni na 8. [4] [5]

A cewar Francoise Aubaile-Sallenave, farkon wanda aka sani da amfani da kalmar a adabi  ya fito ne daga masanin tarihin Armeniya Yeghishe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gueriguian |first=John L |date=2005 |title=Foods and Drinks in Fifteenth Century Anatolia, as Recorded by Amirdovlat Amasiasti |journal=Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies |volume=14 |pages=155–166}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma ambaci kalmar Kashk a cikin rubutun Farisa ta Tsakiya ''Xusraw ud rēdag'' a cikin siffa mai suna: ''ārd ī kaškēn.'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://iranicaonline.org/ |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=iranicaonline.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Shahnameh'' na Farisa na ƙarni na 10 (&quot;Littafin Sarakuna&quot;) ta Firdausi ana amfani da kalmar a ma'anar &quot;garin sha'ir&quot;, amma kuma ana amfani da ita don cakuda alkama da aka fasa da sha'ir.  Aubaile-Sallenave ya yi jayayya cewa asalin ''kashk'' na Farisa da aka sani daga farkon adabin Farisa an yi shi da [[sha'ir]] wanda ke ɗauke da cakuda yisti da ruwa ko kuma wani madarar da aka yi da aka yi da madara. Don amsa tambayoyi game da ma'anar zamani a Iran don abincin kiwo da aka busar, ta yi jayayya, &quot;masu kiwo na Iran, waɗanda suka yi amfani da madarar tsami da aka busar a gare su, kuma waɗanda ba su da sauƙin samun sha'ir, sun yi amfani da kalmar ''kashk'' ta hanyar kwatanta da madarar tsami da aka busar&quot;. Charles Perry ya bayar da wani bayani daban dangane da littafin girke-girke na Larabci na ƙarni na 13 ''Wasf al-Atimah al-Mutadah'' wanda ya ce busasshen yogurt ''kashk'' ne irin na Turkomen . 

Wani littafin girke-girke na Larabci na ƙarni na 10 ya bayyana nau'ikan ''kashk'' guda biyu, ɗaya da aka yi da alkama da yisti da kuma ɗayan da madara mai tsami. A zamanin Tsakiyar Zamani kalmar tana da ma'anoni guda biyu, ɗaya tana nufin garin sha'ir ko cakuda sha'ir da alkama da aka fasa, ɗayan kuma tana nufin abincin nama ko kaza da aka dafa cikin dare ( ''kashak'' ko kashba). 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Kashk''', '''kishk''', ( Persian   ''Kašk'', Turkish   ), ( Sorani Kurdish   ) '''qurat''', '''qurt''', '''kurut''', '''kurt''', '''qqet''', '''jameed''', '''shilanch''' ( [[Harshen Tuva|Tuvan]] and Kyrgyz  , Kazakh  , Turkish  , Turkmen  , Azabaijan da Uzbek  , Tajik: ƙурут, Persian   ), '''chortan''' ( Armenian   ''chort'an'' ), '''aaruul''' ko '''khuruud''' ( Mongolian : ''ааруул'' ko ''хурууд'' ) nau'ikan kayayyakin kiwo ne da suka shahara a abincin Iran, abincin Caucasian, da abincin Asiya ta Tsakiya . Ana yin Kashk ne daga yogurt da aka tace, ana tace madarar shanu (musamman, ana tace qatiq ) ko kuma ana tace madarar tsami ta hanyar siffanta shi sannan a bar shi ya bushe. Ana iya yin sa ta hanyoyi daban-daban: ana naɗe shi a cikin ƙwallo, a yanka shi a yanka, sannan a yi shi a gunduwa-gunduwa.

Akwai manyan nau'ikan abinci guda uku masu wannan suna: abinci da aka yi da [[madara]] mai laushi kamar yogurt ko [[cuku]] ; abinci da aka yi da miyar [[sha'ir]], burodi, ko gari; da abinci da aka yi da [[Siril|hatsi]] da aka haɗa da madara mai laushi.
[[Fayil:Armenian_dried_yogurt_balls_(choratan).jpg|thumb|Busashen ƙwallan yogurt na Armeniya (choratan).jpg]]

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Daga Farisanci na Tsakiya (kšk' / kašk), ana tsammanin ya fito ne daga (hwš- / hōš-, &quot;bushe&quot;) dangane da tsarin fermentation wanda ya ƙunshi bushewa a ƙarƙashin rana,  &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Sepideh |date=December 20, 2022 |title=Comparison of traditional Doogh (yogurt drinking) and Kashk characteristics (Two traditional Iranian dairy products) |url=https://www.primescholars.com/articles/comparison-of-traditional-doogh-yogurt-drinking-and-kashk-characteristics-two-traditional-iranian-dairy-products.pdf |website=Pelegia Research Library}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba da kalmar ga harsuna da yawa ciki har da [[Larabci]], [[Harshen Siriyanci|Syriac]], [[Turkanci|Turkish]], Azerbaijan da sauransu da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://iranicaonline.org/ |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=iranicaonline.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin [[Turkic languages|harsunan Turkawa]], ana kiransa da qurut/kurut. Qurut ya samo asali ne daga kalmar fi'ili ta Turkic ''quru-t'' ('don yin busasshe').

A cikin Armeniya - chortan ( ''chor'' yana nufin &quot;bushewa&quot;, yayin da ''tan'' shine madarar shanu, ragowar ruwan da aka samu daga yin man shanu). &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Bayani ==
[[Fayil:Mercado_de_Chorsu_03.jpg|thumb|Kwallan Kashk a Chorsu Bazaar, Tashkent, Uzbekistan]]
Tsarin ''kashk'' na da, wato porridge na [[hatsi]] da aka jika da whey sannan aka busar da shi a rana.  Tsawon lokacin da ''kashk'' ke ɗauka da kuma darajar abinci mai gina jiki ya sa ya zama abu mai amfani ga manoma a lokacin hunturu, da kuma sojoji da matafiya.  ''Kashk'' shine asalin ''tarhana'' da ake samu a cikin abincin zamani na [[Turkiyya]] da [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]], inda ake kiransa ''trachanas'' ( {{Lang|el|τραχανάς}} ). &lt;ref name=&quot;brill&quot; /&gt;

''Kashk'' na zamani yawanci abinci ne na busasshen madarar madara wanda za a iya niƙa shi a mayar da shi manna da ruwa.  &lt;ref name=&quot;ijf&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Iranmanesh |first=Mahdieh |year=2018 |title=SPME/GC-MS characterization of volatile compounds of Iranian traditional dried Kashk |journal=International Journal of Food Properties |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=1067–1079 |doi=10.1080/10942912.2018.1466323 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya amfani da wannan foda mai kauri don yin kauri da miya da kuma inganta ɗanɗanon su, ko kuma a matsayin sinadari a cikin nau'ikan nama, shinkafa ko kayan lambu.   Busarwa yana ba da damar tsawon rayuwar samfurin. &lt;ref name=&quot;shiroodi&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shiroodi |first=Setareh Ghorban |last2=Mohammadifar |first2=Mohammad Amin |last3=Gorji |first3=Elham Ghorbani |last4=Ezzatpanah |first4=Hamid |last5=Zohouri |first5=Nilofar |date=2012 |title=Influence of gum tragacanth on the physiochemical and rheological properties of kashk&quot; |journal=Journal of Dairy Research |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=93–101 |doi=10.1017/S0022029911000872 |pmid=23171586 |s2cid=43020826}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kashk kuma shine babban abincin da ake ci a Iran wanda aka fi sani da kashk-e bademjan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Moraba |first=Kareh |date=2016 |title=The Story of Kashk |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26362399 |journal=Gastronomica |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=97–100 |doi=10.1525/gfc.2016.16.4.97 |jstor=26362399 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kashk a cikin harsuna daban-daban da al'adu ==
Ana iya samun kayayyakin kiwo na Kashk a cikin abincin Iran, Tajikistan, Iraki, Siriya, Masar, da Caucasus . [1] [2] [3] A wasu harsuna ana kiransa kashk ko kishkh, ( Persian , Tajik , Arabic , Kurdish , Turkish ), qurut a wasu ( Tajik , Kazakh , Turkish , Turkmen , Uzbek , Kyrgyz , Pashto , Shor , Khakas Akwai sunaye daban-daban na wannan nau'in abinci, ciki har da jameed ( Arabic ) ), chortan ( Armenian ) da aaruul, khurud ( Mongolian ) An ambaci Chortan a cikin waƙar Armeniya ta ƙarni na 19 mai suna Daredevils of Sassoun, wadda aka ce ta dogara ne akan al'adar baka ta ƙarni na 8. [4] [5]

A cewar Francoise Aubaile-Sallenave, farkon wanda aka sani da amfani da kalmar a adabi  ya fito ne daga masanin tarihin Armeniya Yeghishe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gueriguian |first=John L |date=2005 |title=Foods and Drinks in Fifteenth Century Anatolia, as Recorded by Amirdovlat Amasiasti |journal=Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies |volume=14 |pages=155–166}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma ambaci kalmar Kashk a cikin rubutun Farisa ta Tsakiya ''Xusraw ud rēdag'' a cikin siffa mai suna: ''ārd ī kaškēn.'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://iranicaonline.org/ |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=iranicaonline.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Shahnameh'' na Farisa na ƙarni na 10 (&quot;Littafin Sarakuna&quot;) ta Firdausi ana amfani da kalmar a ma'anar &quot;garin sha'ir&quot;, amma kuma ana amfani da ita don cakuda alkama da aka fasa da sha'ir.  Aubaile-Sallenave ya yi jayayya cewa asalin ''kashk'' na Farisa da aka sani daga farkon adabin Farisa an yi shi da [[sha'ir]] wanda ke ɗauke da cakuda yisti da ruwa ko kuma wani madarar da aka yi da aka yi da madara. Don amsa tambayoyi game da ma'anar zamani a Iran don abincin kiwo da aka busar, ta yi jayayya, &quot;masu kiwo na Iran, waɗanda suka yi amfani da madarar tsami da aka busar a gare su, kuma waɗanda ba su da sauƙin samun sha'ir, sun yi amfani da kalmar ''kashk'' ta hanyar kwatanta da madarar tsami da aka busar&quot;. Charles Perry ya bayar da wani bayani daban dangane da littafin girke-girke na Larabci na ƙarni na 13 ''Wasf al-Atimah al-Mutadah'' wanda ya ce busasshen yogurt ''kashk'' ne irin na Turkomen . 

Wani littafin girke-girke na Larabci na ƙarni na 10 ya bayyana nau'ikan ''kashk'' guda biyu, ɗaya da aka yi da alkama da yisti da kuma ɗayan da madara mai tsami. A zamanin Tsakiyar Zamani kalmar tana da ma'anoni guda biyu, ɗaya tana nufin garin sha'ir ko cakuda sha'ir da alkama da aka fasa, ɗayan kuma tana nufin abincin nama ko kaza da aka dafa cikin dare ( ''kashak'' ko kashba). 

== Manazarta ==

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'''Kashk''', '''kishk''', ( Persian   ''Kašk'', Turkish   ), ( Sorani Kurdish   ) '''qurat''', '''qurt''', '''kurut''', '''kurt''', '''qqet''', '''jameed''', '''shilanch''' ( [[Harshen Tuva|Tuvan]] and Kyrgyz  , Kazakh  , Turkish  , Turkmen  , Azabaijan da Uzbek  , Tajik: ƙурут, Persian   ), '''chortan''' ( Armenian   ''chort'an'' ), '''aaruul''' ko '''khuruud''' ( Mongolian : ''ааруул'' ko ''хурууд'' ) nau'ikan kayayyakin kiwo ne da suka shahara a abincin Iran, abincin Caucasian, da abincin Asiya ta Tsakiya . Ana yin Kashk ne daga yogurt da aka tace, ana tace madarar shanu (musamman, ana tace qatiq ) ko kuma ana tace madarar tsami ta hanyar siffanta shi sannan a bar shi ya bushe. Ana iya yin sa ta hanyoyi daban-daban: ana naɗe shi a cikin ƙwallo, a yanka shi a yanka, sannan a yi shi a gunduwa-gunduwa.

Akwai manyan nau'ikan abinci guda uku masu wannan suna: abinci da aka yi da [[madara]] mai laushi kamar yogurt ko [[cuku]] ; abinci da aka yi da miyar [[sha'ir]], burodi, ko gari; da abinci da aka yi da [[Siril|hatsi]] da aka haɗa da madara mai laushi.
[[Fayil:Armenian_dried_yogurt_balls_(choratan).jpg|thumb|Busashen ƙwallan yogurt na Armeniya (choratan).jpg]]

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Daga Farisanci na Tsakiya (kšk' / kašk), ana tsammanin ya fito ne daga (hwš- / hōš-, &quot;bushe&quot;) dangane da tsarin fermentation wanda ya ƙunshi bushewa a ƙarƙashin rana,  &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Sepideh |date=December 20, 2022 |title=Comparison of traditional Doogh (yogurt drinking) and Kashk characteristics (Two traditional Iranian dairy products) |url=https://www.primescholars.com/articles/comparison-of-traditional-doogh-yogurt-drinking-and-kashk-characteristics-two-traditional-iranian-dairy-products.pdf |website=Pelegia Research Library}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba da kalmar ga harsuna da yawa ciki har da [[Larabci]], [[Harshen Siriyanci|Syriac]], [[Turkanci|Turkish]], Azerbaijan da sauransu da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://iranicaonline.org/ |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=iranicaonline.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin [[Turkic languages|harsunan Turkawa]], ana kiransa da qurut/kurut. Qurut ya samo asali ne daga kalmar fi'ili ta Turkic ''quru-t'' ('don yin busasshe').

A cikin Armeniya - chortan ( ''chor'' yana nufin &quot;bushewa&quot;, yayin da ''tan'' shine madarar shanu, ragowar ruwan da aka samu daga yin man shanu). &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Bayani ==
[[Fayil:Mercado_de_Chorsu_03.jpg|thumb|Kwallan Kashk a Chorsu Bazaar, Tashkent, Uzbekistan]]
Tsarin ''kashk'' na da, wato porridge na [[hatsi]] da aka jika da whey sannan aka busar da shi a rana.  Tsawon lokacin da ''kashk'' ke ɗauka da kuma darajar abinci mai gina jiki ya sa ya zama abu mai amfani ga manoma a lokacin hunturu, da kuma sojoji da matafiya.  ''Kashk'' shine asalin ''tarhana'' da ake samu a cikin abincin zamani na [[Turkiyya]] da [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]], inda ake kiransa ''trachanas'' ( {{Lang|el|τραχανάς}} ). &lt;ref name=&quot;brill&quot; /&gt;

''Kashk'' na zamani yawanci abinci ne na busasshen madarar madara wanda za a iya niƙa shi a mayar da shi manna da ruwa.  &lt;ref name=&quot;ijf&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Iranmanesh |first=Mahdieh |year=2018 |title=SPME/GC-MS characterization of volatile compounds of Iranian traditional dried Kashk |journal=International Journal of Food Properties |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=1067–1079 |doi=10.1080/10942912.2018.1466323 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya amfani da wannan foda mai kauri don yin kauri da miya da kuma inganta ɗanɗanon su, ko kuma a matsayin sinadari a cikin nau'ikan nama, shinkafa ko kayan lambu.   Busarwa yana ba da damar tsawon rayuwar samfurin. &lt;ref name=&quot;shiroodi&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shiroodi |first=Setareh Ghorban |last2=Mohammadifar |first2=Mohammad Amin |last3=Gorji |first3=Elham Ghorbani |last4=Ezzatpanah |first4=Hamid |last5=Zohouri |first5=Nilofar |date=2012 |title=Influence of gum tragacanth on the physiochemical and rheological properties of kashk&quot; |journal=Journal of Dairy Research |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=93–101 |doi=10.1017/S0022029911000872 |pmid=23171586 |s2cid=43020826}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kashk kuma shine babban abincin da ake ci a Iran wanda aka fi sani da kashk-e bademjan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Moraba |first=Kareh |date=2016 |title=The Story of Kashk |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26362399 |journal=Gastronomica |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=97–100 |doi=10.1525/gfc.2016.16.4.97 |jstor=26362399 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kashk a cikin harsuna daban-daban da al'adu ==
Ana iya samun kayayyakin kiwo na Kashk a cikin abincin Iran, Tajikistan, Iraki, Siriya, Masar, da Caucasus . [1] [2] [3] A wasu harsuna ana kiransa kashk ko kishkh, ( Persian , Tajik , Arabic , Kurdish , Turkish ), qurut a wasu ( Tajik , Kazakh , Turkish , Turkmen , Uzbek , Kyrgyz , Pashto , Shor , Khakas Akwai sunaye daban-daban na wannan nau'in abinci, ciki har da jameed ( Arabic ) ), chortan ( Armenian ) da aaruul, khurud ( Mongolian ) An ambaci Chortan a cikin waƙar Armeniya ta ƙarni na 19 mai suna Daredevils of Sassoun, wadda aka ce ta dogara ne akan al'adar baka ta ƙarni na 8. [4] [5]

A cewar Francoise Aubaile-Sallenave, farkon wanda aka sani da amfani da kalmar a adabi  ya fito ne daga masanin tarihin Armeniya Yeghishe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gueriguian |first=John L |date=2005 |title=Foods and Drinks in Fifteenth Century Anatolia, as Recorded by Amirdovlat Amasiasti |journal=Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies |volume=14 |pages=155–166}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma ambaci kalmar Kashk a cikin rubutun Farisa ta Tsakiya ''Xusraw ud rēdag'' a cikin siffa mai suna: ''ārd ī kaškēn.'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://iranicaonline.org/ |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=iranicaonline.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Shahnameh'' na Farisa na ƙarni na 10 (&quot;Littafin Sarakuna&quot;) ta Firdausi ana amfani da kalmar a ma'anar &quot;garin sha'ir&quot;, amma kuma ana amfani da ita don cakuda alkama da aka fasa da sha'ir.  Aubaile-Sallenave ya yi jayayya cewa asalin ''kashk'' na Farisa da aka sani daga farkon adabin Farisa an yi shi da [[sha'ir]] wanda ke ɗauke da cakuda yisti da ruwa ko kuma wani madarar da aka yi da aka yi da madara. Don amsa tambayoyi game da ma'anar zamani a Iran don abincin kiwo da aka busar, ta yi jayayya, &quot;masu kiwo na Iran, waɗanda suka yi amfani da madarar tsami da aka busar a gare su, kuma waɗanda ba su da sauƙin samun sha'ir, sun yi amfani da kalmar ''kashk'' ta hanyar kwatanta da madarar tsami da aka busar&quot;. Charles Perry ya bayar da wani bayani daban dangane da littafin girke-girke na Larabci na ƙarni na 13 ''Wasf al-Atimah al-Mutadah'' wanda ya ce busasshen yogurt ''kashk'' ne irin na Turkomen . 

Wani littafin girke-girke na Larabci na ƙarni na 10 ya bayyana nau'ikan ''kashk'' guda biyu, ɗaya da aka yi da alkama da yisti da kuma ɗayan da madara mai tsami. A zamanin Tsakiyar Zamani kalmar tana da ma'anoni guda biyu, ɗaya tana nufin garin sha'ir ko cakuda sha'ir da alkama da aka fasa, ɗayan kuma tana nufin abincin nama ko kaza da aka dafa cikin dare ( ''kashak'' ko kashba). 

== Manazarta ==

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  <page>
    <title>Bello Matawalle</title>
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        <username>Abubakar Zaharadeen</username>
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      <comment>A baya</comment>
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{{databox}}
'''Bello Muhammad''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Bello Matawalle''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu 1962) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma malami Kuma Dankasuwa wanda yake rike da mukamin [[Ma'aikatar Tsaron Najeriya|karamin ministan tsaro]] tun 2023. Ya taba zama [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Zamfara|gwamnan jihar Zamfara]] daga 2019 zuwa 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-14 |title=Gov Matawalle's shaky steps in Zamfara politics |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/politics/gov-matawalles-shaky-steps-in-zamfara-politics/ |access-date=2022-02-22 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103170903/https://editor.guardian.ng/politics/gov-matawalles-shaky-steps-in-zamfara-politics/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-10 |title=Concerns in Zamfara as Governor Matawalle dithers on banditry report |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/510731-concerns-in-zamfara-as-governor-matawalle-dithers-on-banditry-report.html |access-date=2022-03-11 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan ya yi taka-tsan-tsan a majalisar dokokin jihar [[Sani Abacha|a baya]] kuma ya rike mukamin kwamishinan jiha daga 1999 zuwa 2003 a gwamnatin [[Ahmed Sani Yerima|Ahmad Sani Yerima]] a [[Jamhuriyar Najeriya ta hudu|jamhuriya ta hudu]], ya fara lashe zabe a shekarar 2003 a matsayin dan [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai]] mai wakiltar Bakura/Maradun sannan ya ci gaba da rike mukamin har zuwa shekarar 2015 a karon farko a matsayin dan [[All Nigeria Peoples Party|jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples'2000]] kafin ya sauya sheka zuwa [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples's Party]] . Shekaru hudu bayan rasa kujerarsa a mazabar Bakura/Maradun a shekarar 2015, Matawalle ya zama dan takarar gwamna na jam'iyyar PDP a 2019 kuma [[Zaben Gwamnan Zamfara Shekara ta 1999|ya lashe kujerar]] bayan hukuncin [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] ya hana wanda ya lashe zaben na farko. A shekarar 2021, ya sauya sheka daga jam’iyyar PDP zuwa jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] bayan wani gangamin sauya sheka a [[Gusau]] tare da mafi yawan zababbun jami’an jihar Zamfara.

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Bello Muhammad ne a ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1969 a [[Maradun|garin Maradun]] wanda a lokacin yana cikin [[Arewa maso yammacin jiha|jihar Arewa maso Yamma]] . Ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na farko a makarantar firamare ta garin Maradun a shekarar 1979. Ya sauke karatu daga VTC Bunza a 1984. Ya halarci [[Kwalejin Fasaha ta Yaba]], Legas sannan ya tafi Jami'ar [[Jami'ar Yammacin London|Thames Valley University]], Landan. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-05-25 |title=Biography of Mr Bello Matawalle (Zamfara State Governor) {{!}} Noisemakers |url=https://noisemakers.com.ng/biography-of-mr-bello-matawalle/ |access-date=2019-06-01 |website=Latest Nigeria news Today |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601124219/https://noisemakers.com.ng/biography-of-mr-bello-matawalle/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'ar siyasa ==
Matawalle ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a Kwalejin ’Yan Mata ta Gwamnati da ke Moriki da Kwatarkoshi kafin ya shiga Ma’aikatar Albarkatun Ruwa ta Tarayya. Harbin Matawalle na farko a siyasa shine a shekarar 1998 lokacin da ya tsaya takarar dan majalisar wakilai kuma ya samu nasara bayan ya bar ma'aikatar albarkatun ruwa ta tarayya Abuja, ya koma jam'iyyar rusasshiyar jam'iyyar [[Jam'iyyar United Nigeria Congress Party|United Nigeria Congress Party]] (UNCP) wacce ta kunshi 'yan siyasa irinsu Ambasada Isa Aliyu Mohammed Argungu (Sarkin Yakin Kabbi) tsohon ministan albarkatun ruwa kuma shugaban jam'iyyar na kasa, [[Ibrahim Gusau]] tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar APC na kasa, [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila|Abdullahi Sumaila Abubakar]], tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar APC, [[Atiku Abubakar]], tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar na kasa, [[Attahiru Bafarawa|Alhaji Atiku]] Abubakar. [[Attahiru Bafarawa|Bafarawa]], [[Adamu Aliero]], Suleiman Takuma, [[Ibrahim Kura Mohammed]], [[Ibrahim Saminu Turaki]] and [[Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya]] amma bayan rasuwar [[Sani Abacha]], shugaban mulkin sojan Najeriya a ranar 8 ga watan Yuni 1998, [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]], magajinsa, ya rusa jam’iyyun siyasa tare da bayyana cewa za a yi zabe a 1999.

Tsakanin 1999 zuwa 2003 ya rike kwamishinan kananan hukumomi da masarautu na jihar Zamfara, kwamishinan muhalli, raya karkara sannan kuma kwamishinan matasa da wasanni.

Mazabarsa Bakura/Maradun ne suka zabe Matawalle a matsayin dan [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai]] a watan Mayun 2003 a karkashin rusasshiyar jam'iyyar [[All Nigeria Peoples Party]] (ANPP).

An sake zaben Matawalle a shekarar 2007 har yanzu yana kan jam'iyyar ANPP sai kawai ya koma PDP a kan dandalin da aka sake zabe shi a karo na uku a 2011.

Matawalle ya samu kuri’u 189,452 a zaben watan Maris, yayin da ya samu kuri’u 534,541 da Muktar Idris dan takarar [[All Progressives Congress|jam’iyyar APC]] ya samu.

Da farko dai Muktar Idris ne ya bayar da takardar shaidar cin zabe, sai dai kotun daukaka kara da ke Sokoto ta bayar da umarnin janye takardar shaidar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|cin zabe]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odunsi |first=Wale |date=2019-05-27 |title=Zamfara: INEC confirms withdrawing 64 certificates of return, to retrieve more |url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/05/27/zamfara-inec-confirms-withdrawing-64-certificates-return-retrieve/ |access-date=2019-06-01 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya kotun kolin ta bayyana cewa kuri’un da aka kada wa jam’iyyar APC a zaben kamar yadda aka yi hasashe, ta kuma bada umarnin a rantsar da dan takarar da ya samu kuri’u na biyu a ranar Laraba. Domin kuwa APC ta kasa gudanar da zaben fidda gwani na dukkan ‘yan takara a jihar Zamfara.

=== Kokarin sauya sheka zuwa APC ===
A ranar 1 ga watan Yunin 2021, Matawalle ya rusa Majalisar Zartarwar sa, inda rahotanni suka ce a shirye-shiryen sauya sheka daga jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] zuwa ranar 12 ga watan Yuni. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maishanu |first=Abubakar Ahmadu |title=Zamfara governor Matawalle to join APC on June 12 – Source |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/465055-zamfara-governor-matawalle-to-join-apc-on-june-12-source.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sai dai Matawalle ya musanta cewa rusa majalisar ministocin na da alaka da sauya shekar jam’iyya, ya kuma yi ikirarin cewa bai yanke shawara kan sauya jam’iyyu ba balle sanya rana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maishanu |first=Abubakar Ahmadu |title=I am not defecting to APC on June 12 – Zamfara governor |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/465102-i-am-not-defecting-to-apc-on-june-12-zamfara-governor.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 27 ga watan Yuni, mai taimaka wa shugaban kasa [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kan harkokin yada labarai Bashir Ahmad ya ce Matawalle ya koma APC. Daga baya mai magana da yawun Matawalle Ibrahim Dosara ya tabbatar da sauya shekar, inda ya ce Matawalle zai sanar da sauya shekar a ranar 29 ga watan Yuni. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ajayi |first=Adebola |date=27 June 2021 |title=Zamfara Governor Bello Matawalle joins APC |url=https://gazettengr.com/zamfara-governor-bello-matawalle-joins-apc/ |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Peoples Gazette}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 29 ga watan Yuni, Matawalle, tare da dukkan Sanatocin Zamfara 3, 6 na wakilai 7, da dukkan ‘yan majalisar wakilai 24, sun sauya sheka zuwa jam’iyyar APC a hukumance a wani taro da aka gudanar a Gusau wanda ya samu halartar wasu Gwamnonin APC; musamman Mataimakin Gwamna [[Mahdi Aliyu Gusau|Mahdi Mohammed Gusau]] da [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Anka/Mafara Kabiru Yahaya sun ci gaba da zama a PDP. [[Mai Mala Buni]] [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Yobe|Gwamnan jihar Yobe]] kuma shugaban riko na jam’iyyar APC nan take ya rusa kwamitocin rikon jam’iyyar na jihar Zamfara tare da nada Matawalle a matsayin shugaban jam’iyyar APC na Zamfara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Altine |first=Maiharaji |date=29 June 2021 |title=Matawalle dumps PDP, becomes APC leader in Zamfara |url=https://punchng.com/matawalle-dumps-pdp-becomes-apc-leader-in-zamfara/ |access-date=29 June 2021 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manyan Nasarorin da aka samu a Matsayin Gwamna ==
Gwamna Bello Mohammed Matawalle a matsayin Gwamnan Jihar Zamfara yana da dimbin jari a bangaren samar da ababen more rayuwa, tsaro, da kuma kiwon lafiya, wanda ya bar tarihi na ci gaba. Yayin da lokacin da ya ke kan karagar mulki ya fuskanci kalubale masu yawa, musamman ta fuskar tsaro, gwamnatinsa ta aiwatar da wasu tsare-tsare da nufin inganta rayuwar al’ummar Zamfara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-15 |title=group applauds matawalles achievements |url=https://dailytrust.com/group-applauds-matawalles-achievements/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=dailytrust.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daya daga cikin nasarorin da ake iya gani a karkashin jagorancin Matawalle shine gagarumin ci gaban da aka samu a bangaren ababen more rayuwa. Ya sa ido a kan gina sabon filin jirgin sama, wani muhimmin mataki na ci gaban tattalin arziki da inganta haɗin kai ga jihar. Haka kuma gwamnatinsa ta zuba jari mai tsoka a hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani, tare da fadada hanyoyin shiga sassa daban-daban na jihar tare da saukaka harkokin kasuwanci da sufuri. Bayan manyan ayyuka, gina cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na farko a cikin dukkan sassan 147 yana nuna sadaukar da kai don inganta hanyoyin samun muhimman ayyukan kiwon lafiya, har ma a wurare masu nisa. Sanya fitulun titi masu amfani da hasken rana a babban birnin jihar ya kara inganta rayuwar mazauna jihar, tare da inganta tsaro da tsaro. Ƙarin saka hannun jari a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa har zuwa gina ofisoshin haɗin gwiwa a Abuja da sauran wurare masu mahimmanci, wanda ke nuna kyakkyawar alaƙa da gwamnatin ƙasa. Har ma gwamnatinsa ta zuba jari a gidaje, inda ta sayi otal a Abuja a matsayin kadarori. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-09-27 |title=Matawalle putting the records straight |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/09/27/matawalle-putting-the-records-straight/?amp/ |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=thisdaylive.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matawalle ya kuma ba da fifiko kan harkokin tsaro, wanda ke da matukar damuwa a jihar Zamfara. Sayen motoci sama da 200 na Hilux da motocin daukar marasa lafiya tare da sulke da jirage marasa matuka, ya kara karfafa jami’an tsaro a jihar matuka. Bugu da kari, matakin da ya dauka a kan manyan masu aikata laifuka, irin su harin da aka kaiwa Halilu Sububu, ya haifar da ingantacciyar yanayin tsaro a fadin yankin. Wannan shiri na tunkarar kalubalen tsaro ya nuna aniyar kare rayuka da dukiyoyin al'ummar Zamfara. Gwamnatin sa ta magance matsalolin kudi da aka dade ana fama da su, tare da kawar da koma bayan da aka samu a biyan kudin jarabawar NECO da WAEC, wani muhimmin mataki na tallafawa harkokin ilimi da tattalin arzikin dalibai da iyalansu. Babban rabon kudaden da aka ware don manyan ayyuka, duk da karancin kasafin kudi (N109,829,000,000 daga jimillar kudaden shiga na Naira Biliyan 354), ya jaddada ba da fifikon ayyukan raya kasa. Duk da kalubalen da ake fuskanta, zaman Bello Mohammed Matawalle a matsayin Gwamnan Jihar Zamfara ya nuna matukar himma wajen samar da ababen more rayuwa, inganta tsaro, da inganta harkar kiwon lafiya. Jadawalin da ya zuba a sassa daban-daban, tun daga aikin gina filin jirgin sama zuwa cibiyoyin kula da lafiya na matakin farko da inganta harkokin tsaro, na nuni da kokarin da yake yi na inganta rayuwar al’ummar Zamfara da kuma bar wa jihar ci gaba mai dorewa. Gwamnatin Bello Matawalle ta samu nasarori da dama da suka hada da kashe Naira Miliyan 510 wajen siyan sinadarai na gyaran ruwa, Fadakarwa, Gyaran Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Zamfara da aka kashe sama da Naira Miliyan 842, Gina Gidan Gwamnan a Kaduna akan Naira Miliyan 784, Naira Miliyan 253 da aka zuba na kayan aiki na dijital na Jaridar Gado ta Jiha, Gyaran Wutar Lantarki, Ma'aikatan Lantarki na gidan gwamnatin Zamfara a Jahar Kaduna. Ya kuma gina ofishin hulda da jama’a na Jihar Zamfara a Mississippi da Ganges Street Abuja, ya siya Best Premier Hotel a Wuse 2 Abuja a matsayin Jari ga Jaha. Kammala Cibiyar ICT ta Duniya ta Dijital da Cibiyar Kula da Dakin Taimako na CCTV a Gusau. Gyaran hanyar Kaura Namoda- Talatar Mafara-Tudun-Wada Gusau tare da kashe sama da Naira Miliyan 203 domin inganta harkar ruwa a fadin jihar Zamfara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-15 |title=zamfara north applauds matawalles achievements as gov thumbs down lawals administration |url=https://blueprint.ng/zamfara-north-applauds-matawalles-achievements-as-gov-thumbs-down-lawals-administration/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=blueprint.ng |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manyan Nasarorin da aka samu a matsayin Ministan Tsaro ==

* Ingantattun ingantaccen aiki.
* Ƙarfafa tsaron teku.
* Tsarin kula da lafiyar tsaro.
* Farashin DICON.
* Rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Gulf of Guinea.
* Wanda ya kai ga nasarar aikin da aka yi wa fitaccen mai aikata laifin Halilu Sububu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-09-15 |title=matawalle putting the records straight |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/09/27/matawalle-putting-the-records-straight/?amp/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=thisdaylive.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Samar da motocin aiki guda goma da aka tura wa dakarun soji a jihar Sokoto.
* Kafa sabbin rundunonin soji guda uku a muhimman yankunan Sokoto - Isa, Sabon Birni, da Goronyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-15 |title=i will replicate my achievements in zamfara as minister of state for defence matawalle |url=https://www.nationalwaves-ng.com/i-will-replicate-my-achievements-in-zamfara-as-minister-of-state-for-defence-matawalle/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=nationalwaves-ng.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyauta da Ganewa ==

* Kyautar Gwarzon Ministan Shekara.
* lambar yabo ta ICNGO Ministan Watan.
* Kyautar Gwarzon Gwamnan Shekara ta Jaridar Vanguard.
* lambar yabo ta kasa kan harkokin tsaro a Jamhuriyar Nijar.
* Kyauta mafi girma a Jamhuriyar Nijar.
* Nemi lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta 'yan Najeriya masu damuwa.
* Kyautar Gwarzon Dan Watsa Labarai Na Shekara.
* Kyautar Nasarar Jagoranci ta Jaridar Leadership.
* Kyautar Gwarzon Dan Jarida Sun.

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Matawalle ya auri mata uku Fatima Bello Matawalle, Balkisu Matawalle da Aisha Bello Matawalle kuma Allah ya albarkace shi da 'ya'ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-05-24 |title=Profile of Zamfara Governor-elect, Hon Bello Matawalle |url=https://desertherald.com/profile-of-zamfara-governor-elect-hon-bello-matawalle/ |access-date=2019-06-01 |website=Desert Herald Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Zamfara]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]]
[[Rukuni:Musulman Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Gwamnonin jihar Zamfara]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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{{databox}}
'''Bello Muhammad''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Bello Matawalle''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu 1962) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma malami Kuma Dankasuwa wanda yake rike da mukamin [[Ma'aikatar Tsaron Najeriya|karamin ministan tsaro]] tun 2023. Ya taba zama [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Zamfara|gwamnan jihar Zamfara]] daga 2019 zuwa 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-14 |title=Gov Matawalle's shaky steps in Zamfara politics |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/politics/gov-matawalles-shaky-steps-in-zamfara-politics/ |access-date=2022-02-22 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103170903/https://editor.guardian.ng/politics/gov-matawalles-shaky-steps-in-zamfara-politics/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-10 |title=Concerns in Zamfara as Governor Matawalle dithers on banditry report |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/510731-concerns-in-zamfara-as-governor-matawalle-dithers-on-banditry-report.html |access-date=2022-03-11 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan ya yi taka-tsan-tsan a majalisar dokokin jihar, [[Sani Abacha|a baya]] kuma ya rike mukamin kwamishinan jiha daga 1999 zuwa 2003 a gwamnatin [[Ahmed Sani Yerima|Ahmad Sani Yerima]] a [[Jamhuriyar Najeriya ta hudu|jamhuriya ta hudu]], ya fara lashe zabe a shekarar 2003 a matsayin dan [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai]] mai wakiltar Bakura/Maradun sannan ya ci gaba da rike mukamin har zuwa shekarar 2015 a karon farko a matsayin dan [[All Nigeria Peoples Party|jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples'2000]] kafin ya sauya sheka zuwa [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples's Party]] . Shekaru hudu bayan rasa kujerarsa a mazabar Bakura/Maradun a shekarar 2015, Matawalle ya zama dan takarar gwamna na jam'iyyar PDP a 2019 kuma [[Zaben Gwamnan Zamfara Shekara ta 1999|ya lashe kujerar]] bayan hukuncin [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] ya hana wanda ya lashe zaben na farko. A shekarar 2021, ya sauya sheka daga jam’iyyar PDP zuwa jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] bayan wani gangamin sauya sheka a [[Gusau]] tare da mafi yawan zababbun jami’an jihar Zamfara.

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Bello Muhammad ne a ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1969 a [[Maradun|garin Maradun]] wanda a lokacin yana cikin [[Arewa maso yammacin jiha|jihar Arewa maso Yamma]] . Ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na farko a makarantar firamare ta garin Maradun a shekarar 1979. Ya sauke karatu daga VTC Bunza a 1984. Ya halarci [[Kwalejin Fasaha ta Yaba]], Legas sannan ya tafi Jami'ar [[Jami'ar Yammacin London|Thames Valley University]], Landan. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-05-25 |title=Biography of Mr Bello Matawalle (Zamfara State Governor) {{!}} Noisemakers |url=https://noisemakers.com.ng/biography-of-mr-bello-matawalle/ |access-date=2019-06-01 |website=Latest Nigeria news Today |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601124219/https://noisemakers.com.ng/biography-of-mr-bello-matawalle/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'ar siyasa ==
Matawalle ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a Kwalejin ’Yan Mata ta Gwamnati da ke Moriki da Kwatarkoshi kafin ya shiga Ma’aikatar Albarkatun Ruwa ta Tarayya. Harbin Matawalle na farko a siyasa shine a shekarar 1998 lokacin da ya tsaya takarar dan majalisar wakilai kuma ya samu nasara bayan ya bar ma'aikatar albarkatun ruwa ta tarayya Abuja, ya koma jam'iyyar rusasshiyar jam'iyyar [[Jam'iyyar United Nigeria Congress Party|United Nigeria Congress Party]] (UNCP) wacce ta kunshi 'yan siyasa irinsu Ambasada Isa Aliyu Mohammed Argungu (Sarkin Yakin Kabbi) tsohon ministan albarkatun ruwa kuma shugaban jam'iyyar na kasa, [[Ibrahim Gusau]] tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar APC na kasa, [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila|Abdullahi Sumaila Abubakar]], tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar APC, [[Atiku Abubakar]], tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar na kasa, [[Attahiru Bafarawa|Alhaji Atiku]] Abubakar. [[Attahiru Bafarawa|Bafarawa]], [[Adamu Aliero]], Suleiman Takuma, [[Ibrahim Kura Mohammed]], [[Ibrahim Saminu Turaki]] and [[Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya]] amma bayan rasuwar [[Sani Abacha]], shugaban mulkin sojan Najeriya a ranar 8 ga watan Yuni 1998, [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]], magajinsa, ya rusa jam’iyyun siyasa tare da bayyana cewa za a yi zabe a 1999.

Tsakanin 1999 zuwa 2003 ya rike kwamishinan kananan hukumomi da masarautu na jihar Zamfara, kwamishinan muhalli, raya karkara sannan kuma kwamishinan matasa da wasanni.

Mazabarsa Bakura/Maradun ne suka zabe Matawalle a matsayin dan [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai]] a watan Mayun 2003 a karkashin rusasshiyar jam'iyyar [[All Nigeria Peoples Party]] (ANPP).

An sake zaben Matawalle a shekarar 2007 har yanzu yana kan jam'iyyar ANPP sai kawai ya koma PDP a kan dandalin da aka sake zabe shi a karo na uku a 2011.

Matawalle ya samu kuri’u 189,452 a zaben watan Maris, yayin da ya samu kuri’u 534,541 da Muktar Idris dan takarar [[All Progressives Congress|jam’iyyar APC]] ya samu.

Da farko dai Muktar Idris ne ya bayar da takardar shaidar cin zabe, sai dai kotun daukaka kara da ke Sokoto ta bayar da umarnin janye takardar shaidar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|cin zabe]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odunsi |first=Wale |date=2019-05-27 |title=Zamfara: INEC confirms withdrawing 64 certificates of return, to retrieve more |url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/05/27/zamfara-inec-confirms-withdrawing-64-certificates-return-retrieve/ |access-date=2019-06-01 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya kotun kolin ta bayyana cewa kuri’un da aka kada wa jam’iyyar APC a zaben kamar yadda aka yi hasashe, ta kuma bada umarnin a rantsar da dan takarar da ya samu kuri’u na biyu a ranar Laraba. Domin kuwa APC ta kasa gudanar da zaben fidda gwani na dukkan ‘yan takara a jihar Zamfara.

=== Kokarin sauya sheka zuwa APC ===
A ranar 1 ga watan Yunin 2021, Matawalle ya rusa Majalisar Zartarwar sa, inda rahotanni suka ce a shirye-shiryen sauya sheka daga jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] zuwa ranar 12 ga watan Yuni. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maishanu |first=Abubakar Ahmadu |title=Zamfara governor Matawalle to join APC on June 12 – Source |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/465055-zamfara-governor-matawalle-to-join-apc-on-june-12-source.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sai dai Matawalle ya musanta cewa rusa majalisar ministocin na da alaka da sauya shekar jam’iyya, ya kuma yi ikirarin cewa bai yanke shawara kan sauya jam’iyyu ba balle sanya rana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maishanu |first=Abubakar Ahmadu |title=I am not defecting to APC on June 12 – Zamfara governor |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/465102-i-am-not-defecting-to-apc-on-june-12-zamfara-governor.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 27 ga watan Yuni, mai taimaka wa shugaban kasa [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kan harkokin yada labarai Bashir Ahmad ya ce Matawalle ya koma APC. Daga baya mai magana da yawun Matawalle Ibrahim Dosara ya tabbatar da sauya shekar, inda ya ce Matawalle zai sanar da sauya shekar a ranar 29 ga watan Yuni. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ajayi |first=Adebola |date=27 June 2021 |title=Zamfara Governor Bello Matawalle joins APC |url=https://gazettengr.com/zamfara-governor-bello-matawalle-joins-apc/ |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Peoples Gazette}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 29 ga watan Yuni, Matawalle, tare da dukkan Sanatocin Zamfara 3, 6 na wakilai 7, da dukkan ‘yan majalisar wakilai 24, sun sauya sheka zuwa jam’iyyar APC a hukumance a wani taro da aka gudanar a Gusau wanda ya samu halartar wasu Gwamnonin APC; musamman Mataimakin Gwamna [[Mahdi Aliyu Gusau|Mahdi Mohammed Gusau]] da [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Anka/Mafara Kabiru Yahaya sun ci gaba da zama a PDP. [[Mai Mala Buni]] [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Yobe|Gwamnan jihar Yobe]] kuma shugaban riko na jam’iyyar APC nan take ya rusa kwamitocin rikon jam’iyyar na jihar Zamfara tare da nada Matawalle a matsayin shugaban jam’iyyar APC na Zamfara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Altine |first=Maiharaji |date=29 June 2021 |title=Matawalle dumps PDP, becomes APC leader in Zamfara |url=https://punchng.com/matawalle-dumps-pdp-becomes-apc-leader-in-zamfara/ |access-date=29 June 2021 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manyan Nasarorin da aka samu a Matsayin Gwamna ==
Gwamna Bello Mohammed Matawalle a matsayin Gwamnan Jihar Zamfara yana da dimbin jari a bangaren samar da ababen more rayuwa, tsaro, da kuma kiwon lafiya, wanda ya bar tarihi na ci gaba. Yayin da lokacin da ya ke kan karagar mulki ya fuskanci kalubale masu yawa, musamman ta fuskar tsaro, gwamnatinsa ta aiwatar da wasu tsare-tsare da nufin inganta rayuwar al’ummar Zamfara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-15 |title=group applauds matawalles achievements |url=https://dailytrust.com/group-applauds-matawalles-achievements/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=dailytrust.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daya daga cikin nasarorin da ake iya gani a karkashin jagorancin Matawalle shine gagarumin ci gaban da aka samu a bangaren ababen more rayuwa. Ya sa ido a kan gina sabon filin jirgin sama, wani muhimmin mataki na ci gaban tattalin arziki da inganta haɗin kai ga jihar. Haka kuma gwamnatinsa ta zuba jari mai tsoka a hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani, tare da fadada hanyoyin shiga sassa daban-daban na jihar tare da saukaka harkokin kasuwanci da sufuri. Bayan manyan ayyuka, gina cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na farko a cikin dukkan sassan 147 yana nuna sadaukar da kai don inganta hanyoyin samun muhimman ayyukan kiwon lafiya, har ma a wurare masu nisa. Sanya fitulun titi masu amfani da hasken rana a babban birnin jihar ya kara inganta rayuwar mazauna jihar, tare da inganta tsaro da tsaro. Ƙarin saka hannun jari a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa har zuwa gina ofisoshin haɗin gwiwa a Abuja da sauran wurare masu mahimmanci, wanda ke nuna kyakkyawar alaƙa da gwamnatin ƙasa. Har ma gwamnatinsa ta zuba jari a gidaje, inda ta sayi otal a Abuja a matsayin kadarori. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-09-27 |title=Matawalle putting the records straight |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/09/27/matawalle-putting-the-records-straight/?amp/ |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=thisdaylive.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matawalle ya kuma ba da fifiko kan harkokin tsaro, wanda ke da matukar damuwa a jihar Zamfara. Sayen motoci sama da 200 na Hilux da motocin daukar marasa lafiya tare da sulke da jirage marasa matuka, ya kara karfafa jami’an tsaro a jihar matuka. Bugu da kari, matakin da ya dauka a kan manyan masu aikata laifuka, irin su harin da aka kaiwa Halilu Sububu, ya haifar da ingantacciyar yanayin tsaro a fadin yankin. Wannan shiri na tunkarar kalubalen tsaro ya nuna aniyar kare rayuka da dukiyoyin al'ummar Zamfara. Gwamnatin sa ta magance matsalolin kudi da aka dade ana fama da su, tare da kawar da koma bayan da aka samu a biyan kudin jarabawar NECO da WAEC, wani muhimmin mataki na tallafawa harkokin ilimi da tattalin arzikin dalibai da iyalansu. Babban rabon kudaden da aka ware don manyan ayyuka, duk da karancin kasafin kudi (N109,829,000,000 daga jimillar kudaden shiga na Naira Biliyan 354), ya jaddada ba da fifikon ayyukan raya kasa. Duk da kalubalen da ake fuskanta, zaman Bello Mohammed Matawalle a matsayin Gwamnan Jihar Zamfara ya nuna matukar himma wajen samar da ababen more rayuwa, inganta tsaro, da inganta harkar kiwon lafiya. Jadawalin da ya zuba a sassa daban-daban, tun daga aikin gina filin jirgin sama zuwa cibiyoyin kula da lafiya na matakin farko da inganta harkokin tsaro, na nuni da kokarin da yake yi na inganta rayuwar al’ummar Zamfara da kuma bar wa jihar ci gaba mai dorewa. Gwamnatin Bello Matawalle ta samu nasarori da dama da suka hada da kashe Naira Miliyan 510 wajen siyan sinadarai na gyaran ruwa, Fadakarwa, Gyaran Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Zamfara da aka kashe sama da Naira Miliyan 842, Gina Gidan Gwamnan a Kaduna akan Naira Miliyan 784, Naira Miliyan 253 da aka zuba na kayan aiki na dijital na Jaridar Gado ta Jiha, Gyaran Wutar Lantarki, Ma'aikatan Lantarki na gidan gwamnatin Zamfara a Jahar Kaduna. Ya kuma gina ofishin hulda da jama’a na Jihar Zamfara a Mississippi da Ganges Street Abuja, ya siya Best Premier Hotel a Wuse 2 Abuja a matsayin Jari ga Jaha. Kammala Cibiyar ICT ta Duniya ta Dijital da Cibiyar Kula da Dakin Taimako na CCTV a Gusau. Gyaran hanyar Kaura Namoda- Talatar Mafara-Tudun-Wada Gusau tare da kashe sama da Naira Miliyan 203 domin inganta harkar ruwa a fadin jihar Zamfara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-15 |title=zamfara north applauds matawalles achievements as gov thumbs down lawals administration |url=https://blueprint.ng/zamfara-north-applauds-matawalles-achievements-as-gov-thumbs-down-lawals-administration/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=blueprint.ng |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manyan Nasarorin da aka samu a matsayin Ministan Tsaro ==

* Ingantattun ingantaccen aiki.
* Ƙarfafa tsaron teku.
* Tsarin kula da lafiyar tsaro.
* Farashin DICON.
* Rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Gulf of Guinea.
* Wanda ya kai ga nasarar aikin da aka yi wa fitaccen mai aikata laifin Halilu Sububu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-09-15 |title=matawalle putting the records straight |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/09/27/matawalle-putting-the-records-straight/?amp/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=thisdaylive.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Samar da motocin aiki guda goma da aka tura wa dakarun soji a jihar Sokoto.
* Kafa sabbin rundunonin soji guda uku a muhimman yankunan Sokoto - Isa, Sabon Birni, da Goronyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-15 |title=i will replicate my achievements in zamfara as minister of state for defence matawalle |url=https://www.nationalwaves-ng.com/i-will-replicate-my-achievements-in-zamfara-as-minister-of-state-for-defence-matawalle/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=nationalwaves-ng.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyauta da Ganewa ==

* Kyautar Gwarzon Ministan Shekara.
* lambar yabo ta ICNGO Ministan Watan.
* Kyautar Gwarzon Gwamnan Shekara ta Jaridar Vanguard.
* lambar yabo ta kasa kan harkokin tsaro a Jamhuriyar Nijar.
* Kyauta mafi girma a Jamhuriyar Nijar.
* Nemi lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta 'yan Najeriya masu damuwa.
* Kyautar Gwarzon Dan Watsa Labarai Na Shekara.
* Kyautar Nasarar Jagoranci ta Jaridar Leadership.
* Kyautar Gwarzon Dan Jarida Sun.

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Matawalle ya auri mata uku Fatima Bello Matawalle, Balkisu Matawalle da Aisha Bello Matawalle kuma Allah ya albarkace shi da 'ya'ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-05-24 |title=Profile of Zamfara Governor-elect, Hon Bello Matawalle |url=https://desertherald.com/profile-of-zamfara-governor-elect-hon-bello-matawalle/ |access-date=2019-06-01 |website=Desert Herald Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Zamfara]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]]
[[Rukuni:Musulman Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Gwamnonin jihar Zamfara]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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{{databox}}
'''Bello Muhammad''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Bello Matawalle''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu 1962) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma malami Kuma Dankasuwa wanda yake rike da mukamin [[Ma'aikatar Tsaron Najeriya|karamin ministan tsaro]] tun 2023. Ya taba zama [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Zamfara|gwamnan jihar Zamfara]] daga 2019 zuwa 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-14 |title=Gov Matawalle's shaky steps in Zamfara politics |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/politics/gov-matawalles-shaky-steps-in-zamfara-politics/ |access-date=2022-02-22 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103170903/https://editor.guardian.ng/politics/gov-matawalles-shaky-steps-in-zamfara-politics/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-10 |title=Concerns in Zamfara as Governor Matawalle dithers on banditry report |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/510731-concerns-in-zamfara-as-governor-matawalle-dithers-on-banditry-report.html |access-date=2022-03-11 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan ya yi taka-tsan-tsan a majalisar dokokin jihar, [[Sani Abacha|a baya]] kuma ya rike mukamin kwamishinan jiha daga 1999 zuwa 2003 a gwamnatin [[Ahmed Sani Yerima|Ahmad Sani Yeriman Bakura]] a [[Jamhuriyar Najeriya ta hudu|jamhuriya ta hudu]], ya fara lashe zabe a shekarar 2003 a matsayin dan [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai]] mai wakiltar Bakura/Maradun sannan ya ci gaba da rike mukamin har zuwa shekarar 2015 a karon farko a matsayin dan [[All Nigeria Peoples Party|jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples'2000]] kafin ya sauya sheka zuwa [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples's Party]] . Shekaru hudu bayan rasa kujerarsa a mazabar Bakura/Maradun a shekarar 2015, Matawalle ya zama dan takarar gwamna na jam'iyyar PDP a 2019 kuma [[Zaben Gwamnan Zamfara Shekara ta 1999|ya lashe kujerar]] bayan hukuncin [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] ya hana wanda ya lashe zaben na farko. A shekarar 2021, ya sauya sheka daga jam’iyyar PDP zuwa jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] bayan wani gangamin sauya sheka a [[Gusau]] tare da mafi yawan zababbun jami’an jihar Zamfara.

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Bello Muhammad ne a ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1969 a [[Maradun|garin Maradun]] wanda a lokacin yana cikin [[Arewa maso yammacin jiha|jihar Arewa maso Yamma]] . Ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na farko a makarantar firamare ta garin Maradun a shekarar 1979. Ya sauke karatu daga VTC Bunza a 1984. Ya halarci [[Kwalejin Fasaha ta Yaba]], Legas sannan ya tafi Jami'ar [[Jami'ar Yammacin London|Thames Valley University]], Landan. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-05-25 |title=Biography of Mr Bello Matawalle (Zamfara State Governor) {{!}} Noisemakers |url=https://noisemakers.com.ng/biography-of-mr-bello-matawalle/ |access-date=2019-06-01 |website=Latest Nigeria news Today |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601124219/https://noisemakers.com.ng/biography-of-mr-bello-matawalle/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'ar siyasa ==
Matawalle ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a Kwalejin ’Yan Mata ta Gwamnati da ke Moriki da Kwatarkoshi kafin ya shiga Ma’aikatar Albarkatun Ruwa ta Tarayya. Harbin Matawalle na farko a siyasa shine a shekarar 1998 lokacin da ya tsaya takarar dan majalisar wakilai kuma ya samu nasara bayan ya bar ma'aikatar albarkatun ruwa ta tarayya Abuja, ya koma jam'iyyar rusasshiyar jam'iyyar [[Jam'iyyar United Nigeria Congress Party|United Nigeria Congress Party]] (UNCP) wacce ta kunshi 'yan siyasa irinsu Ambasada Isa Aliyu Mohammed Argungu (Sarkin Yakin Kabbi) tsohon ministan albarkatun ruwa kuma shugaban jam'iyyar na kasa, [[Ibrahim Gusau]] tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar APC na kasa, [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila|Abdullahi Sumaila Abubakar]], tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar APC, [[Atiku Abubakar]], tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar na kasa, [[Attahiru Bafarawa|Alhaji Atiku]] Abubakar. [[Attahiru Bafarawa|Bafarawa]], [[Adamu Aliero]], Suleiman Takuma, [[Ibrahim Kura Mohammed]], [[Ibrahim Saminu Turaki]] and [[Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya]] amma bayan rasuwar [[Sani Abacha]], shugaban mulkin sojan Najeriya a ranar 8 ga watan Yuni 1998, [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]], magajinsa, ya rusa jam’iyyun siyasa tare da bayyana cewa za a yi zabe a 1999.

Tsakanin 1999 zuwa 2003 ya rike kwamishinan kananan hukumomi da masarautu na jihar Zamfara, kwamishinan muhalli, raya karkara sannan kuma kwamishinan matasa da wasanni.

Mazabarsa Bakura/Maradun ne suka zabe Matawalle a matsayin dan [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai]] a watan Mayun 2003 a karkashin rusasshiyar jam'iyyar [[All Nigeria Peoples Party]] (ANPP).

An sake zaben Matawalle a shekarar 2007 har yanzu yana kan jam'iyyar ANPP sai kawai ya koma PDP a kan dandalin da aka sake zabe shi a karo na uku a 2011.

Matawalle ya samu kuri’u 189,452 a zaben watan Maris, yayin da ya samu kuri’u 534,541 da Muktar Idris dan takarar [[All Progressives Congress|jam’iyyar APC]] ya samu.

Da farko dai Muktar Idris ne ya bayar da takardar shaidar cin zabe, sai dai kotun daukaka kara da ke Sokoto ta bayar da umarnin janye takardar shaidar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|cin zabe]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odunsi |first=Wale |date=2019-05-27 |title=Zamfara: INEC confirms withdrawing 64 certificates of return, to retrieve more |url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/05/27/zamfara-inec-confirms-withdrawing-64-certificates-return-retrieve/ |access-date=2019-06-01 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya kotun kolin ta bayyana cewa kuri’un da aka kada wa jam’iyyar APC a zaben kamar yadda aka yi hasashe, ta kuma bada umarnin a rantsar da dan takarar da ya samu kuri’u na biyu a ranar Laraba. Domin kuwa APC ta kasa gudanar da zaben fidda gwani na dukkan ‘yan takara a jihar Zamfara.

=== Kokarin sauya sheka zuwa APC ===
A ranar 1 ga watan Yunin 2021, Matawalle ya rusa Majalisar Zartarwar sa, inda rahotanni suka ce a shirye-shiryen sauya sheka daga jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] zuwa ranar 12 ga watan Yuni. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maishanu |first=Abubakar Ahmadu |title=Zamfara governor Matawalle to join APC on June 12 – Source |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/465055-zamfara-governor-matawalle-to-join-apc-on-june-12-source.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sai dai Matawalle ya musanta cewa rusa majalisar ministocin na da alaka da sauya shekar jam’iyya, ya kuma yi ikirarin cewa bai yanke shawara kan sauya jam’iyyu ba balle sanya rana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maishanu |first=Abubakar Ahmadu |title=I am not defecting to APC on June 12 – Zamfara governor |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/465102-i-am-not-defecting-to-apc-on-june-12-zamfara-governor.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 27 ga watan Yuni, mai taimaka wa shugaban kasa [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kan harkokin yada labarai Bashir Ahmad ya ce Matawalle ya koma APC. Daga baya mai magana da yawun Matawalle Ibrahim Dosara ya tabbatar da sauya shekar, inda ya ce Matawalle zai sanar da sauya shekar a ranar 29 ga watan Yuni. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ajayi |first=Adebola |date=27 June 2021 |title=Zamfara Governor Bello Matawalle joins APC |url=https://gazettengr.com/zamfara-governor-bello-matawalle-joins-apc/ |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Peoples Gazette}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 29 ga watan Yuni, Matawalle, tare da dukkan Sanatocin Zamfara 3, 6 na wakilai 7, da dukkan ‘yan majalisar wakilai 24, sun sauya sheka zuwa jam’iyyar APC a hukumance a wani taro da aka gudanar a Gusau wanda ya samu halartar wasu Gwamnonin APC; musamman Mataimakin Gwamna [[Mahdi Aliyu Gusau|Mahdi Mohammed Gusau]] da [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Anka/Mafara Kabiru Yahaya sun ci gaba da zama a PDP. [[Mai Mala Buni]] [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Yobe|Gwamnan jihar Yobe]] kuma shugaban riko na jam’iyyar APC nan take ya rusa kwamitocin rikon jam’iyyar na jihar Zamfara tare da nada Matawalle a matsayin shugaban jam’iyyar APC na Zamfara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Altine |first=Maiharaji |date=29 June 2021 |title=Matawalle dumps PDP, becomes APC leader in Zamfara |url=https://punchng.com/matawalle-dumps-pdp-becomes-apc-leader-in-zamfara/ |access-date=29 June 2021 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manyan Nasarorin da aka samu a Matsayin Gwamna ==
Gwamna Bello Mohammed Matawalle a matsayin Gwamnan Jihar Zamfara yana da dimbin jari a bangaren samar da ababen more rayuwa, tsaro, da kuma kiwon lafiya, wanda ya bar tarihi na ci gaba. Yayin da lokacin da ya ke kan karagar mulki ya fuskanci kalubale masu yawa, musamman ta fuskar tsaro, gwamnatinsa ta aiwatar da wasu tsare-tsare da nufin inganta rayuwar al’ummar Zamfara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-15 |title=group applauds matawalles achievements |url=https://dailytrust.com/group-applauds-matawalles-achievements/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=dailytrust.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daya daga cikin nasarorin da ake iya gani a karkashin jagorancin Matawalle shine gagarumin ci gaban da aka samu a bangaren ababen more rayuwa. Ya sa ido a kan gina sabon filin jirgin sama, wani muhimmin mataki na ci gaban tattalin arziki da inganta haɗin kai ga jihar. Haka kuma gwamnatinsa ta zuba jari mai tsoka a hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani, tare da fadada hanyoyin shiga sassa daban-daban na jihar tare da saukaka harkokin kasuwanci da sufuri. Bayan manyan ayyuka, gina cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na farko a cikin dukkan sassan 147 yana nuna sadaukar da kai don inganta hanyoyin samun muhimman ayyukan kiwon lafiya, har ma a wurare masu nisa. Sanya fitulun titi masu amfani da hasken rana a babban birnin jihar ya kara inganta rayuwar mazauna jihar, tare da inganta tsaro da tsaro. Ƙarin saka hannun jari a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa har zuwa gina ofisoshin haɗin gwiwa a Abuja da sauran wurare masu mahimmanci, wanda ke nuna kyakkyawar alaƙa da gwamnatin ƙasa. Har ma gwamnatinsa ta zuba jari a gidaje, inda ta sayi otal a Abuja a matsayin kadarori. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-09-27 |title=Matawalle putting the records straight |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/09/27/matawalle-putting-the-records-straight/?amp/ |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=thisdaylive.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matawalle ya kuma ba da fifiko kan harkokin tsaro, wanda ke da matukar damuwa a jihar Zamfara. Sayen motoci sama da 200 na Hilux da motocin daukar marasa lafiya tare da sulke da jirage marasa matuka, ya kara karfafa jami’an tsaro a jihar matuka. Bugu da kari, matakin da ya dauka a kan manyan masu aikata laifuka, irin su harin da aka kaiwa Halilu Sububu, ya haifar da ingantacciyar yanayin tsaro a fadin yankin. Wannan shiri na tunkarar kalubalen tsaro ya nuna aniyar kare rayuka da dukiyoyin al'ummar Zamfara. Gwamnatin sa ta magance matsalolin kudi da aka dade ana fama da su, tare da kawar da koma bayan da aka samu a biyan kudin jarabawar NECO da WAEC, wani muhimmin mataki na tallafawa harkokin ilimi da tattalin arzikin dalibai da iyalansu. Babban rabon kudaden da aka ware don manyan ayyuka, duk da karancin kasafin kudi (N109,829,000,000 daga jimillar kudaden shiga na Naira Biliyan 354), ya jaddada ba da fifikon ayyukan raya kasa. Duk da kalubalen da ake fuskanta, zaman Bello Mohammed Matawalle a matsayin Gwamnan Jihar Zamfara ya nuna matukar himma wajen samar da ababen more rayuwa, inganta tsaro, da inganta harkar kiwon lafiya. Jadawalin da ya zuba a sassa daban-daban, tun daga aikin gina filin jirgin sama zuwa cibiyoyin kula da lafiya na matakin farko da inganta harkokin tsaro, na nuni da kokarin da yake yi na inganta rayuwar al’ummar Zamfara da kuma bar wa jihar ci gaba mai dorewa. Gwamnatin Bello Matawalle ta samu nasarori da dama da suka hada da kashe Naira Miliyan 510 wajen siyan sinadarai na gyaran ruwa, Fadakarwa, Gyaran Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Zamfara da aka kashe sama da Naira Miliyan 842, Gina Gidan Gwamnan a Kaduna akan Naira Miliyan 784, Naira Miliyan 253 da aka zuba na kayan aiki na dijital na Jaridar Gado ta Jiha, Gyaran Wutar Lantarki, Ma'aikatan Lantarki na gidan gwamnatin Zamfara a Jahar Kaduna. Ya kuma gina ofishin hulda da jama’a na Jihar Zamfara a Mississippi da Ganges Street Abuja, ya siya Best Premier Hotel a Wuse 2 Abuja a matsayin Jari ga Jaha. Kammala Cibiyar ICT ta Duniya ta Dijital da Cibiyar Kula da Dakin Taimako na CCTV a Gusau. Gyaran hanyar Kaura Namoda- Talatar Mafara-Tudun-Wada Gusau tare da kashe sama da Naira Miliyan 203 domin inganta harkar ruwa a fadin jihar Zamfara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-15 |title=zamfara north applauds matawalles achievements as gov thumbs down lawals administration |url=https://blueprint.ng/zamfara-north-applauds-matawalles-achievements-as-gov-thumbs-down-lawals-administration/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=blueprint.ng |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manyan Nasarorin da aka samu a matsayin Ministan Tsaro ==

* Ingantattun ingantaccen aiki.
* Ƙarfafa tsaron teku.
* Tsarin kula da lafiyar tsaro.
* Farashin DICON.
* Rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Gulf of Guinea.
* Wanda ya kai ga nasarar aikin da aka yi wa fitaccen mai aikata laifin Halilu Sububu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-09-15 |title=matawalle putting the records straight |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/09/27/matawalle-putting-the-records-straight/?amp/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=thisdaylive.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Samar da motocin aiki guda goma da aka tura wa dakarun soji a jihar Sokoto.
* Kafa sabbin rundunonin soji guda uku a muhimman yankunan Sokoto - Isa, Sabon Birni, da Goronyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-15 |title=i will replicate my achievements in zamfara as minister of state for defence matawalle |url=https://www.nationalwaves-ng.com/i-will-replicate-my-achievements-in-zamfara-as-minister-of-state-for-defence-matawalle/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=nationalwaves-ng.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyauta da Ganewa ==

* Kyautar Gwarzon Ministan Shekara.
* lambar yabo ta ICNGO Ministan Watan.
* Kyautar Gwarzon Gwamnan Shekara ta Jaridar Vanguard.
* lambar yabo ta kasa kan harkokin tsaro a Jamhuriyar Nijar.
* Kyauta mafi girma a Jamhuriyar Nijar.
* Nemi lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta 'yan Najeriya masu damuwa.
* Kyautar Gwarzon Dan Watsa Labarai Na Shekara.
* Kyautar Nasarar Jagoranci ta Jaridar Leadership.
* Kyautar Gwarzon Dan Jarida Sun.

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Matawalle ya auri mata uku Fatima Bello Matawalle, Balkisu Matawalle da Aisha Bello Matawalle kuma Allah ya albarkace shi da 'ya'ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-05-24 |title=Profile of Zamfara Governor-elect, Hon Bello Matawalle |url=https://desertherald.com/profile-of-zamfara-governor-elect-hon-bello-matawalle/ |access-date=2019-06-01 |website=Desert Herald Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Zamfara]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]]
[[Rukuni:Musulman Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Gwamnonin jihar Zamfara]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kabir Garba Marafa</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347933495|Kabir Garba Marafa]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kabir Garba Marafa''' Listenⓘ CON OFR ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda aka haife shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 1960, a masarautar Yandoton Daji, Birnin Yandoto, Karamar Hukumar Tsafe, Jahar Zamfara . Ya yi aiki a matsayin Sanata na Zamfara ta Tsakiya daga shekara ta 2011 zuwa 2019 a karkashin jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress (APC). Marafa ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai kan albarkatun man fetur a cikin Majalisa ta 7, ya zama Shugaban Kwamitin hadin gwiwa na Majalisa Dattijan kan albarkatin man fetur na Majalisar ta 8, kuma ya kasance memba na wasu kwamitoci da yawa. Ya dauki nauyin Dokar Masana'antar Man Fetur A watan Agustan 2025, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 June 2017 |title=Petroleum Industry Reform Bills Scale Second Reading in the Senate |url=https://placng.org/i/petroleum-industry-reform-bills-scales-second-reading-in-the-senate/ |access-date=12 May 2025 |website=Policy and Legal Advocacy Centre (PLAC) |publisher=PLAC Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya yi kokari sosai don kirkirar Shirin Shugaban kasa a Jihar Zamfara (PIZAMS) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 July 2018 |title=Marafa Thanks Senate on Zamfara 10 Billion |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-iVkLW6In0 |access-date=12 May 2025 |website=YouTube |publisher=Channels Television}}&lt;/ref&gt; .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 April 2019 |title=Marafa Thanks Senate on Zamfara 10 Billion |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hc5WFiq3YZU |access-date=12 May 2025 |website=YouTube |publisher=Channels Television}}&lt;/ref&gt; Marafa ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga kafa [[Jami’ar Tarayya ta Gusau|Jami'ar Tarayya ta Gusau]] da ofishin [[Sashen Albarkatun man Fetur|Ma'aikatar albarkatun man fetur]] (DPR) a Gusau. A watan Agustan 2025, Marafa ya yi murabus daga APC, kuma a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2026 ya shiga Jam'iyyar African Democratic Congress (ADC).   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=History of Federal University Gusau |url=https://www.fugusau.edu.ng/history/ |access-date=12 May 2025 |website=Federal University Gusau}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Welcome to &quot;Naija Tell It&quot;: Biography of Kabir Garba Marafa |url=https://naijatellit.blogspot.com/2016/02/biography-of-kabir-garba-marafa.html |access-date=24 January 2022 |website=Welcome to &quot;Naija Tell It&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-11-18 |title=Zamfara Politics: Co-ordinator Tinubu/Shettima PCC meets traditional rulers, mobilizes support |url=https://ait.live/zamfara-politics-co-ordinator-tinubu-shettima-pcc-meets-traditional-rulers-mobilizes-support/ |website=ait.live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]]
[[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Zamfara]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dambu</title>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a Cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a kasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma koda mace ta kware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya bada ita (sai ya kiyi, wato yayi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya  shake mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da Yan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Yakan haifar da koshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi hadin kuli-kuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a kasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma koda mace ta kware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya bada ita (sai ya kiyi, wato yayi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya  shake mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da Yan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Yakan haifar da koshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi hadin kuli-kuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma koda mace ta kware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya bada ita (sai ya kiyi, wato yayi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya  shake mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da Yan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Yakan haifar da koshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi hadin kuli-kuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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      <id>828699</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828699</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta kware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya bada ita (sai ya kiyi, wato yayi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya  shake mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da Yan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Yakan haifar da koshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi hadin kuli-kuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828700</id>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828700</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya bada ita (sai ya kiyi, wato yayi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya  shake mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da Yan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Yakan haifar da koshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi hadin kuli-kuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828701</origin>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya bada ita (sai ya ki yi, wato yayi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya  shake mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da Yan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Yakan haifar da koshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi hadin kuli-kuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ki yi, wato yayi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya  shake mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da Yan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Yakan haifar da koshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi hadin kuli-kuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato yayi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya  shake mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da Yan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Yakan haifar da koshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi hadin kuli-kuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>kmjh1mynh25w7ipzsmwenyr4i390xc0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828704</id>
      <parentid>828703</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T12:46:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828704</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3253" sha1="smldaasnf4z7clbbrfjh131zhh75dyy" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato yayi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya  shaƙe mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da Yan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Yakan haifar da koshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi hadin kuli-kuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>smldaasnf4z7clbbrfjh131zhh75dyy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828705</id>
      <parentid>828704</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T12:47:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828705</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3253" sha1="lsaz2t2uajnqtmstfuwiwddllz5mcg7" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato yayi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya  shaƙe mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da Yan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Yakan haifar da koshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi hadin kuli-kuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>lsaz2t2uajnqtmstfuwiwddllz5mcg7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828706</id>
      <parentid>828705</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T12:47:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828706</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3254" sha1="8n0dgay0k2dn1r63m4yelg0t9bd1thx" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato yayi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya  shaƙe mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da Yan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da koshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi hadin kuli-kuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>8n0dgay0k2dn1r63m4yelg0t9bd1thx</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828707</id>
      <parentid>828706</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T12:48:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828707</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3255" sha1="apgaw6uzcdsu15iasl7zandkosi9vg0" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya  shaƙe mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da Yan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da koshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi hadin kuli-kuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>apgaw6uzcdsu15iasl7zandkosi9vg0</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828708</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828708</origin>
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      <text bytes="3256" sha1="dhh9fdy03kflqh1d4h3v81a1zaqx28m" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya  shaƙe mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da Yan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi hadin kuli-kuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828710</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da Yan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi hadin kuli-kuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828711</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828711</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3256" sha1="e9cekupia8viunw61ws8m9vkhvc39vf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da Yan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin kuli-kuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828712</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828712</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3258" sha1="cwsmjmtdrdi22zjm56jo1x5v4e8xb9i" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da Yan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828713</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3259" sha1="a1mm9kyjwn1nbjtdlvcc94rfw1s4bgr" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3259" sha1="mc9l08k6jx2wwkezfar8kl67l41cx1p" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da'ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828716</id>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, Ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828717</id>
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      <origin>828717</origin>
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      <text bytes="3259" sha1="q1wsyp8dypn8g1ryr7k7onlbhuaevf4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da Tsakin masara ko shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>q1wsyp8dypn8g1ryr7k7onlbhuaevf4</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828718</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828718</origin>
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      <text bytes="3259" sha1="4rfxgh7i0i63ojl6ub1ctw3jqrnj8q8" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu yakasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambui'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828721</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-02T12:54:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828721</origin>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum Musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828722</id>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828722</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3259" sha1="hyfo2tbwq6igdmbak9ahnm0kzp8sb3q" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shine dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>hyfo2tbwq6igdmbak9ahnm0kzp8sb3q</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828723</id>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828723</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3260" sha1="t99bu2ewp5iiz20hdmfk263p8m2mtvv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>t99bu2ewp5iiz20hdmfk263p8m2mtvv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828724</id>
      <parentid>828723</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T13:05:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828724</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3260" sha1="9q1286nrieqjboynsmqv9osla2y073h" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cinshi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>9q1286nrieqjboynsmqv9osla2y073h</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828725</id>
      <parentid>828724</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T13:06:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828725</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3261" sha1="nlo51gm18q6p2pwumwgy0t9tsmxd7ww" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828726</id>
      <parentid>828725</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T13:16:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828726</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3261" sha1="3gt618os536hlry1nk4880vl4x0ht46" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyada soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828727</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828727</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3262" sha1="mzsnqls6h02crworcj1artyszmhg8bm" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>mzsnqls6h02crworcj1artyszmhg8bm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828728</id>
      <parentid>828727</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T13:17:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828728</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3262" sha1="lrtxvj417fb1nn05f9wvg76i34ro2xl" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara anayi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>lrtxvj417fb1nn05f9wvg76i34ro2xl</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828729</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-02T13:17:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828729</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3263" sha1="9c1085rw7xbrany3xncf343cdwmkx8x" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi,  ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>9c1085rw7xbrany3xncf343cdwmkx8x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828730</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-02T13:18:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A nayin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828731</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828731</origin>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani dashi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828732</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828732</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>6pi1xe2g0rcmckg1yvb522estqmem42</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828733</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828733</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3264" sha1="06o46gin44799jb9igxhipx1k19w9tn" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman dan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>06o46gin44799jb9igxhipx1k19w9tn</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828735</id>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828735</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3265" sha1="8qdp0u7bc7krkmvu43m14v8tc0ek590" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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      <id>828736</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828736</origin>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (barjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828737</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun barjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828738</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun barjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828739</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828739</origin>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko Ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828740</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828740</origin>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta kasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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      <id>828741</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a kasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828742</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta tafasashe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka dora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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      <id>828744</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunya karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar karfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828747</id>
      <parentid>828746</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T13:33:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828747</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya kasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>4725u08ep9a5j5usifie2dm4jwdf06l</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828748</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828748</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga Nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>j81fq0ox993mlhvra92kwj5k8d5c7ou</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828750</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828750</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai kasaka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>ajzhpda1ixbpewhtw19divbmfy58keb</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828751</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828751</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai ka saka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaba wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>cql7jlnbc8s48d24zqmy8c0i2hsacn9</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828752</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828752</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai ka saka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaɓa wani abun dorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828753</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-02T13:39:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828753</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai ka saka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaɓa wani abun ɗorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki  zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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      <id>828754</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828754</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai ka saka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaɓa wani abun ɗorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa dinnan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>onwkzciiw7vyd2ux8gtpf58kfoo39w1</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828755</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828755</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai ka saka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar karfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaɓa wani abun ɗorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa ɗin nan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828756</id>
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        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828756</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai ka saka ruwan bamai yawa ba daga nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar ƙarfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaɓa wani abun ɗorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa ɗin nan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>8rlcqm9w1z56jwko3ztx7lnxk5f5qoi</sha1>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-02T13:42:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828757</origin>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai ka saka ruwan ba mai yawa ba daga nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar ƙarfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaɓa wani abun ɗorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa ɗin nan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828758</id>
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        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai ka saka ruwan ba mai yawa ba, daga nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar ƙarfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaɓa wani abun ɗorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa ɗin nan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan yayi sai kayi fashe ka/ki zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai ka saka ruwan ba mai yawa ba, daga nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar ƙarfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaɓa wani abun ɗorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa ɗin nan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba kasa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan ya yi sai kayi fashe ka/ki zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai ka saka ruwan ba mai yawa ba, daga nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar ƙarfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaɓa wani abun ɗorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai kasa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa ɗin nan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba ka sa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan ya yi sai kayi fashe ka/ki zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai ka saka ruwan ba mai yawa ba, daga nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar ƙarfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaɓa wani abun ɗorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai ka sa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa ɗin nan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba ka sa gishiri Maggi kayan kamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan ya yi sai kayi fashe ka/ki zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828762</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828762</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai ka saka ruwan ba mai yawa ba, daga nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar ƙarfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaɓa wani abun ɗorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai ka sa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa ɗin nan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba ka sa gishiri Maggi kayan ƙamshi irin su citta kanunfari dasauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan ya yi sai kayi fashe ka/ki zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828763</id>
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        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828763</origin>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai ka saka ruwan ba mai yawa ba, daga nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar ƙarfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaɓa wani abun ɗorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai ka sa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa ɗin nan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba ka sa gishiri Maggi kayan ƙamshi irin su citta kanunfari da sauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan ya yi sai kayi fashe ka/ki zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shake makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828764</origin>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai ka saka ruwan ba mai yawa ba, daga nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar ƙarfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaɓa wani abun ɗorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai ka sa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa ɗin nan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba ka sa gishiri Maggi kayan ƙamshi irin su citta kanunfari da sauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan ya yi sai kayi fashe ka/ki zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shaƙe makwogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828765</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai ka saka ruwan ba mai yawa ba, daga nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar ƙarfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaɓa wani abun ɗorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka like su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai ka sa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa ɗin nan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba ka sa gishiri Maggi kayan ƙamshi irin su citta kanunfari da sauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan ya yi sai kayi fashe ka/ki zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shaƙe maƙogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Medium Rice Bowl at Rice Bar (2713217514).jpg|thumb|danbun nama]]
[[File:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Danbu]]
[[File:Dambun Hausa.jpg|thumb|Danbun Hausa a cikin kwano]]
'''Dambu,''' wani kalan abinci ne wanda ya samo asali a ƙasar Hausawa a tarihi. Dambu abinci ne daba ko wacce mace ta iya yin shi ba, hasali ma ko da mace ta ƙware wajen yin danbu, to fa wata rana sai ya ba da ita (sai ya ƙi yi, wato ya yi mata gardama a wani ɓangaren) ya kan iya shaƙe mutum musamman idan ana cin shi babu ruwa a kusa.

Dambu yana da farin jini a wurin dattijai har ma da samari da ƴan mata idan su kayi marmarin shi.

Ya kan haifar da ƙoshi nan da nan idan aka sanya mishi haɗin ƙuli-ƙuli ko yaji.
[[Fayil:Dambu;.jpg|thumb|Dambu]]
'''Dambu''' Abincin Hausawa ne da ake yin shi da tsakin masara ko Shinkafa da [[Rama]] ko [[Yakuwa]] koTafasa ko zogale ko kabeji, ana dafawa ne ta hanyar yin Siraci(tirare).

'''Rabe-raben dambu'''

Shi dai dambu ya kasu kashi-kashi akwai dambun tsakin masara akwai kuma na dambun Shinkafa amma wanda. Yafi tasiri a gargajiyan ce shi ne dambun tsakin masara wanda mafi yawan mutanen Najeriya suna cin shi musamman ɗan Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/6141929-dambun-tsakin-masara&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Dambu yana da nau'i biyu ===
Dambun tsakin masara

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar Shinkafa.

Dambun ɓarjajjiyar alkama 

Har dambun garin masara ana yi yanzu.
Wasu mutane su kan ci shi da mai da yaji, wasu su ci shi da miyan dage-dage.

==Kayan yin dambu==
A na yin Dambu da tsaki (ɓarjin inji wanda yake da laushi amma ba sosai ba) ko na masara, ko dawa, gero,har ma dana Shinkafa.

==Yadda ake yin dambu==
'''Dambu''' idan ka samu tsaki wanda aka ɓarza, da tafasa ko ganyen zogale,ko ganye Alaiyaho,ko kuma wani nau'in ganye da muke amfani da shi, ka samu ruwa, gishiri Maggi.sai ka ɗora tukunyar ƙarfe a wuta  ko ainahin tukunyar yin dambun sai ka saka ruwan ba mai yawa ba, daga nan sai ka kawo tukunya ta ƙasa wadda a ƙasanta fasasshe ne sai a dora ta a wannan tukunyar ƙarfe da aka sa ruwa sai a kwaɓa wani abun ɗorawa, ko toka ko kuma duk wani abunda za'a iya amfani dashi don like tukunya biyu. Bayan ka liƙe su sai ka samu wani dan murfi wanda zai shiga cikin bakin tukunya ƙasa dinnan tunda daman nache za'a fasa kasan tunkunya, sai ka sa wannan murfin yadda dai ruwan nan idan ya tafasa suracin shi zai dinga tasowa cikin tukunya kasa ɗin nan. Bayan kasa murfin sai ka zuba tsaki ka/ki da ka gyara shi ka/ki jika ba sosai ba ka sa gishiri Maggi kayan ƙamshi irin su citta kanunfari da sauransu ganyen zogale ko tafasa, sai ka sake rufewa. Bayan ya yi sai kayi fashe ka/ki zuba ruwa a fashen bayan an kwashe a roba sai a sake mayarwa cikin tukunyar sai a barshi ya dahu idan ka sauke daman ka tanadi man gyaɗa soyayye ko manja  sai a zuba shi a roba ayi ta sakuma, kar a manta da ruwan sha ya kasance yana kusa, saboda yana shaƙe maƙogwaro.


==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]
[[category:Abinci]]


== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nidal Al Achkar</title>
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'''Nidal Al Achkar''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1934) yar wasan Lebanon ce kuma darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo, &quot;Mashahurin gidan wasan kwaikwayon na Lebanon&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;Hanan Nasser, [https://news.lau.edu.lb/2019/lau-celebrates-the-grand-dame-of-theater-nidal-al-achkar.php LAU Celebrates the Grande Dame of Theater, Nidal Al Achkar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330111354/https://news.lau.edu.lb/2019/lau-celebrates-the-grand-dame-of-theater-nidal-al-achkar.php |date=2019-03-30 }}, [[Lebanese American University]], March 22, 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Rayuwa ==
Nidal Al Achkar 'yar Asad al-Achkar, yar siyasar Jam'iyyar National Socialist Party ta Siriya . Ta kuma yi karatu a Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts a [[Landan|London]] . &lt;ref&gt;[https://mylebanonmyhome.com/nidal-al-achkar-a-woman-of-the-theatre/ Nidal Al Achkar: A Woman of the Theatre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319182014/https://mylebanonmyhome.com/nidal-al-achkar-a-woman-of-the-theatre/ |date=2020-03-19 }}, ''Home Magazine'', Issue No. 3, 2018. Accessed 10 March 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1967, ita ce kuma ta jagoranci wasanninta na farko a [[Beirut]], kuma daga nan ta ci gaba da samun Cibiyar Nazarin Wasannin Beirut a karshen shekarun 1960. 

Bayan Yakin Basasa na Lebanon, Nidal Al Achkar ta kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayon Al Medina a shekarar 1994, tare da sake ginin wanda ya girke tsohon gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Saroulla Cinema.  

Nidal Al Achkar ta sami kyautuka na Nasarar Rayuwa a Murex d'Or 2012. Da yake gabatar da kyautar, Ministan Al'adu na Libanon Gabi Layyoun ya kira ta &quot;ainihin bayyanar da fadakarwa da al'adun kasar Lebanon&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;MurexdOr&quot;&gt;[https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/nidal-al-ashkar-receives-lebanon-culture-award-1.399208 Nidal Al Ashkar receives Lebanon culture award], June 24, 2012. Accessed 10 March 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; 

A cikin wani hirar ta a shekarar 2019 ta yi gargadin cewa ba zai yiwu a sami wasan kwaikwayo a cikin kasashen Larabawa ba tare da &quot;ainihin juyin juya hali, wanda zai ba da damar fadin albarkacin baki da kuma budewar komi.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.memri.org/reports/lebanese-actress-nidal-al-ashkar-no-freedom-speech-arab-world-change-would-require-real Lebanese Actress Nidal Al-Ashkar: No Freedom Of Speech In The Arab World; Change Would Require Real Transformative Revolutions], memri.org, April 12, 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 
[[Category:Haifaffun 1934]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jaruman Kannywood</title>
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      <comment>saka sunan jarumai</comment>
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Waɗannan sune jerin sunayen ƴan wasan kwaikwayo a masana'antar shirya fina-finan Hausa wato [[Kannywood]] 

== A ==

* [[Adam A Zango]]  

* [[Ali Nuhu]]  
* [[Aminu Shariff]]
* [[Aisha Aliyu Tsamiya]]
* [[Ali Rabi'u Ali]]
* [[Abba el mustapha]]
* Al,ameen Buhari
* Alasan kwalle
* Ali Rabi,u Ali

== F ==
* [[Falalu A Dorayi]]
* [[Fatima Washa]]
* [[Fati Muhammad]]

== H ==

* [[Hadiza Aliyu]] (Gabon)
* [[Hafsat Idris]] 
* [[Halima Atete]] 
* [[Hauwa Waraka]]
* [[Hauwa Ayawa]]
* [[Hadiza Muhammad]] (saima)
* [[Hajara Usman]]

== I ==

* Ishaq Sidi Ishaq [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishaq_Sidi_Ishaq]

== M ==

* [[Maryam Malika]]
* [[Maryam Booth]]
* [[Maryam Yahaya]] 
* [[Maryam KK]]
* [[Ibrahim Mai Shinko]]

== N ==

* [[Nafisat Abdullahi]]

* [[Nuhu Abdullahi]]  

*

== R ==

* [[Rabilu Musa]]  
* [[Rahama Sadau]] 
* Rabi'u Rikadawa

== S ==

* [[Sadiq Sani Sadiq]] 

* [[Sani Musa Danja]]

* [[Saratu Gidado]]  
* Suleiman Bosho
* Sani Musa Mai sana,a

== U ==

* [[Umar M Shareef]]  
* [[Usman Baba Pategi]] 
* [[Uzee Usman]]
* Ummi Zee zee
* Ummi karama

== Y ==

* [[Yakubu Muhammad]]  

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muizat Ajoke Odumosu</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>828847</origin>
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      <text bytes="6600" sha1="m9p0mjc8hr2m77i5jhkflfs1s86gxk0" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[Fayil:London 2012 Women 400m hurdles.jpg|thumb|yar tseran gudune]]
[[Fayil:London 2012 Women 400m hurdles.jpg|thumb|yar wasan acikin fillin wasa]]
'''Muizat Ajoke Odumosu''' (An haife ta 27 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 1987) a jihar [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] ta kasance ƴar tsere, guje-guje da kuma tsalle-tsalle a [[Nijeriya|Nijerice wacce]] ta ƙware a tseren mita 400 da tseren mita 400. Ta wakilci Najeriya a wasannin bazara na shekarar 2008 da shekarar 2012 kuma ta halarci Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya a shekarar 2007, 2009, 2011 da shekarar 2013. Ita ce ta lashe tagulla a wasannin All-Africa Games na shekarar 2007 kuma ta ci gaba da zama zakara a nahiyar ta hanyar samun nasara a Gasar Afirka ta shekarar 2008 da shekarar 2012 .
[[File:400mHW at Josef Odlozil Memorial in Prague 14June2010 101.jpg|thumb|Muizat Ajoke Odumosu kenan cikin masu tsere]]
A shekarar 2010, ta lashe lambar zinare a tseren mita 400 a wasannin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashe masu tasowa, kuma ta zo ta biyu a Gasar Afirka sannan kuma ta ɗauki lambar azurfa ga Afirka a Kofin Nahiyar . Har yanzu tana rike da tarihin Najeriya a cikin 400&amp;nbsp;m matsaloli, bayan ta inganta kan nata mafi kyau zuwa 54.40&amp;nbsp;dakika yayin wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar Olympics ta London na shekarar 2012.

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haife ta a jihar [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Odumosu ta halarci makarantar Toybat High &lt;ref name=&quot;JAG&quot;&gt;[https://www.nmnathletics.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=8300&amp;ATCLID=344740 Ajoke Odumosu Jaguar Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424001128/https://www.nmnathletics.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=8300&amp;ATCLID=344740|date=2017-04-24}} [[USA Jaguars]], 11 July 2007; Retrieved 4 September 2010&lt;/ref&gt; kafin ta koma [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] don yin karatu a Jami'ar South Alabama .

== Wasannin motsa jiki ==
A Jami'ar Kudancin Alabama, Odumosu ta wakilci ƙungiyar kwalejin ta Kudu Alabama Jaguars, ita ce 400&amp;nbsp;m Zakaran taron Sun Belt a shekarar 2004 amma ya rasa yawancin lokacin a shekarar 2004-2005 saboda rauni. A shekarar 2006, ta zama cikin gida 400&amp;nbsp;m Zakaran Sun Belt kuma ya ɗauki tsere da matsaloli biyu a taron waje. Ta kai wasan ƙarshe a gasar NCAA a waccan shekarar, amma an dakatar da ita saboda buga wata matsala. &lt;ref name=&quot;JAG&quot;/&gt; Ta inganta tarihinta zuwa 55.37&amp;nbsp;daƙiƙa don cin nasara a wasan Drake Relays a shekarar 2007 - alama ce ta jagorancin duniya a wannan lokacin na kakar. 

=== Gasar duniya ===
Odumosu ta wakilci Najeriya a duniya a karo na farko a watan Agustan shekarar 2006, inda ta halarci Gasar Matasa ta Duniya . Ta kare a matsayi na biyar a cikin ɗari hudu&amp;nbsp; ƙalubale na ƙarshe amma sun sami nasarar taimaka wa matan Najeriya 'yan wasan gudun ba da gudun mita 4 × 400 (ciki har da Folashade Abugan, Joy Eze da Sekinat Adesanyato ) lambar azurfa, inda ta kafa sabon tarihin karamar ta 3: 30.84 don taron. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iaaf.org/history/WJC/season=2006/eventCode=3486/results/bydiscipline/disctype=4/sex=W/discCode=4X4/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/results.html#det 4x400 Metres Relay - W  Final] [[IAAF]], 20 August 2006; Retrieved 4 September 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta fara fafatawa a fagen fasaha a shekarar 2007 kuma ta lashe kambun tagulla a wasannin All-Africa Games a shekarar 2007 a [[Aljir|Algiers]] a watan Yuli. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africathle.com/perso/events/ALGER_2007/ALG_results.html 2007 All-Africa Games, 18-22 July, Algiers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822112627/http://www.africathle.com/perso/events/ALGER_2007/ALG_results.html |date=2016-08-22 }} Athletics Africa; Retrieved 4 September 2010&lt;/ref&gt; A Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007 (karo na farko a gasar ta duniya) ta shiga cikin 400&amp;nbsp;m matsaloli, amma an cire shi a cikin matakan zafi. 

Ta kai matsayi na daya a nahiyoyin duniya da lambar zinare a Gasar Afirka ta shekarar 2008, inda ta dauki damun da ta yi nasara a 55.92&amp;nbsp;dakika. &lt;ref&gt;Powell, David [http://www.iaaf.org/news/kind=100/newsid=44690.html Chelimo defeats Mutola, K. Bekele takes 5000m - African Championships, final day] [[IAAF]], 4 May 2008; Retrieved 4 September 2010&lt;/ref&gt; Ta buga wasan farko a gasar Olympics a watan Agustan 2008, inda ta yi tseren mita 400 a Beijing . Ta saita mafi kyawun 51.39&amp;nbsp;dakika don cigaba ta hanyar zafi, amma an cire ta a wasan kusa dana karshe. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iaaf.org/oly08/results/eventcode=3659/bydiscipline/disctype=4/sex=W/discCode=400/combCode=hash/roundCode=h/results.html#detW_400_hash_h 2008 Olympics - 400 Metres - W  Heats] [[IAAF]]; Retrieved 4 September 2010&lt;/ref&gt; Ta gudu a cikin gudun mita 4 × 400 kuma ta kai wasan karshe inda 'yan Najeriya suka kare a matsayi na bakwai. 
[[File:Moa Hjelmer &amp; Muizat Ajoke Odumosu 2012.jpeg|thumb|Muizat Ajoke Odumosu kenan a filin daga]]
A Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta shekarar 2009 ta kai 400&amp;nbsp;m ƙalubale wasan kusa dana kusa dana karshe kuma shine na shida gaba daya tare da kungiyar yan wasan mata. Ta kuma kafa tarihin taron a Ponce Grand Prix, inda ta yi nasara a 55.02&amp;nbsp;. Odumosu ya kafa tarihi a Najeriya a taron Herculis a watan Yulin shekarar 2010, yana gudu 54.68&amp;nbsp; na biyar a cikin matsaloli. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/dlm/eventcode=4454/sex=W/discCode=400H/result.html#W400H Herculis 2010 400 m Hurdles]. [[IAAF]]; Retrieved 4 September 2010&lt;/ref&gt; Ta dawo ne domin kare kambunta a Gasar Afirka a shekarar 2010, amma dole ne ta wadatar da kanta da lambar azurfa a bayan Hayat Lambarki . Har yanzu ta kai saman mumbari a gasar, amma, yayin da ta taimaka 4 the 400&amp;nbsp;m relay team zuwa rikodin zakara na 3: 29.26. &lt;ref&gt;Negash, Elshadai [http://www.iaaf.org/news/kind=100/newsid=57870.html Kenya captures five gold medals as African champs conclude in Nairobi - African champs, day 5] [[IAAF]], 1 August 2010; Retrieved 4 September 2010&lt;/ref&gt; Tare da Lambarki, an kuma zabi Odumosu don ya wakilci kungiyar Afirka a cikin 400&amp;nbsp;m matsaloli a gasar cin kofin Nahiyar Afirka ta shekarar 2010 . Ta inganta matsayin ta na kasa zuwa 54.59&amp;nbsp;dakika a gasar kuma ta sami lambar azurfa a bayan ' yar Jamaica Nickiesha Wilson, wacce ke gudun Amurka. &lt;ref&gt;Arcoleo, Laura [http://www.iaaf.org/WCP10/news/newsid=58213.html EVENT REPORT - Women's 400 Metres Hurdles] [[IAAF]], 4 September 2010 Retrieved 4 September 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 10 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 2010 Odomosu ta lashe lambar zinare a tseren mita ɗari hudu a wasannin Commonwealth a Delhi . &lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/commonwealth_games/delhi_2010/9078257.stm Commonwealth Games 2010: Greene grabs Wales' first gold] BBC Sport, 10 October 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Oluseyi Bajulaiye</title>
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'''Oluseyi Bajulaiye''', ɗan ƙasar [[Nijeriya]],ne kuma babban jami'i ne na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] wanda ke da masaniya akan ayyukan 'yan gudun hijirar da ke kula da' yan gudun hijira da shirye-shiryen jin kai.

Tun daga shekara ta 2005, shi ne Mataimakin Manajan Gudanarwa kuma mai kula da ayyukan jin kai a [[Sudan]] . Kuma bayan tafiyar mai rikon mukamin mai kula da ayyukan agaji kuma mai kula da ayyukan jin kai Manuel Aranda da Silva a watan Yunin 2007, tun daga wancan lokacin ya kasance mai rikon mukamin Coordinator da kuma Mai Gudanar da Ayyukan Jin kai - aikin da ya ke dauke da mukamin Mataimakin Wakili na Musamman na Sakatare Janar, kuma wanene mafi girman mukami na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a kasar, baya ga na Babban Sakatare-Janar na Sakatare Janar Ashraf Qazi (wanda aka zaba a watan Satumbar 2007, kuma a baya babu kowa).

A lokacin aikinsa a [[Sudan]], ya kasance a sahun gaba wajen daidaita ayyukan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da ambaliyar Sudan ta 2007 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mobile.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/IRIN/5299f568d3dcdbe1e2cf24f9c0508912.htm|title=Reuters: Over 3.5 million at risk of epidemics in Sudan floods, says Bajulaiye}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;.Musamman, ya yi kira ga al'ummomin duniya da su ba da gudummawar abin da ya wuce dalar Amurka miliyan 20.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EKOI-76H9V6?OpenDocument|title=UN will need over US$ 20 million to respond to floods, says Bajulaiye|access-date=2020-12-04|archive-date=2007-09-14|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20070914034441/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EKOI-76H9V6?OpenDocument|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A watan Satumbar 2007, shi ne kuma jami'in da ke karbar bakuncin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki Moon, kuma ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa batun samar da agaji da [[Hakkokin Yan-adam|kare fararen hula]] na cikin ajanda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=74081|title=IRIN: Hopes are high for Secretary-General's push to humanitarian access and protection, says acting RC/HC Bajulaiye}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}An nada shi a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Asibitin Koyarwa na Jihar Legas, Lagos Nigeria 2018</text>
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'''Ephex Kanana Gichuru''' (14 Disamba 1986&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hekaheka.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Nana-Gichuru-memorial-e1443695827845.jpg|title=Nana Gichuru's birthdaty|website=Heka Heka|accessdate=14 December 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055106/http://www.hekaheka.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Nana-Gichuru-memorial-e1443695827845.jpg|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://tuko.co.ke/46671-video-nana-gichurus-white-memorial-service-held.html|title=The memorial service for actress and Kenya Airways crew member 28-year-old Kanana (Nana) Gichuru was held on Wednesday September 30, 2015 at Ruaraka Methodist Church in Nairobi|accessdate=14 December 2015|website=Tuko|archive-date=22 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222115740/http://tuko.co.ke/46671-video-nana-gichurus-white-memorial-service-held.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; – 22 Satumba 2015) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta ƙasar Kenya da kuma gidan talabijin. An fi saninta da sunan '''Nana Gichuru'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.actors.co.ke/en/index.php/mer/femaleactordetail/76|title=Nana Gichuru's biography|accessdate=October 29, 2015|website=actors.co.ke|archive-date=February 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223073327/http://www.actors.co.ke/en/index.php/mer/femaleactordetail/76|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; A matsayinta na 'yar fim an san ta da rawar da tayi a cikin shirin talabijin na ''Noose of Golde'', ''Demigods'' da ''How to Find a husband''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.actors.co.ke/en/mer/articledetail/747|title=Nana Gichuru films|accessdate=14 December 2014|website=Actors.co.ke|archive-date=17 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017174448/http://www.actors.co.ke/en/mer/articledetail/747|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; A matsayinta na mai shiryawa, itace zata gabatar da shirin ''Interior Designs'', jerin labaran gaskiya na Kenya, kafin mutuwarta. Ta kasance ma'aikaciyar jirgin sama na [[Kenya Airways]]. Tayi aure da Richard Wainaina gabanin mutuwarta.

== Ayyuka ==
Gichuru ta yi fice a shirye-shirye da yawa kamar ''[[Noose of Gold]]'' na shekara ta 2010 da ''Demigods'' a shekarar 2011. Sabbin fina-finanta sun kasance a wani wasan barkwanci  ''[[How to Find a Husband]]'' da kuma shiri na kai tsaye wato ''Interior Designs.''

== Mutuwa ==
Da misalin karfe 10 na safiyar ranar 22 ga watan Satumbar 2015, Nana na tafiya a motarta kirar BMW a kan hanyar gabashin Bypass, Utawala, yayinda motarta ta yi karo da babbar motar. Ta mutu a take a wajen. Ta mutu tana da shekaru 28.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sde.co.ke/m/pulse/article/2000177502/revealed-actress-nana-gichuru-s-final-moments-before-tragic-accident|title=Revealed: Actress Nana Gichuru's final moments before tragic accident|accessdate=14 December 2015|website=sde|archive-date=17 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017174459/https://www.sde.co.ke/m/pulse/article/2000177502/revealed-actress-nana-gichuru-s-final-moments-before-tragic-accident|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mutuwar ta ta zo ne kwanaki goma bayan da ta yi hasashen mutuwar nata a shafinta na sada zumunta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Richard|last=Kamau|date=23 September 2015|url=http://nairobiwire.com/2015/09/she-drove-super-fast-predicted-her-death-and-died-yesterday-the-shocking-story-of-nana-gichuru.html|title=She Drove Super fast, Predicted Her Death and Died Yesterday.. The SHOCKING Story of Nana Gichuru|accessdate=14 December 2015|website=Nairobi Wire|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217005306/http://nairobiwire.com/2015/09/she-drove-super-fast-predicted-her-death-and-died-yesterday-the-shocking-story-of-nana-gichuru.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/September-23rd/kenya-actress-predicts-own-death-dies-a-day-after.php|title=Kenyan actress predicts own death, dies a day after|accessdate=14 December 2015|website=My Joy Online|archive-date=20 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220075551/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/september-23rd/kenya-actress-predicts-own-death-dies-a-day-after.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; An gudanar da bikin tunawa da ita a ranar 30 Satumba 2015 a Cocin Ruaraka Methodist.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Late Actress Nana Gichuru’s Memorial Service|first=Madame|last=Cynthia|date=30 September 2015|url=https://mpasho.co.ke/exclusive-photos-late-actress-nana-gichurus-memorial-service/|accessdate=14 December 2015|website=Mpasho|archive-date=14 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214124816/https://mpasho.co.ke/exclusive-photos-late-actress-nana-gichurus-memorial-service/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; An binne ta a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2015 a garin, Kaaga a [[Meru, Kenya|Meru]].

== Fina-finai ==
{|class= &quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
!Shekara !!Take !!Matsayi !!Bayani !! Hanyar sadarwa
|-
|2010{{ndash}}
|''[[Noose of Gold]]''
|Felma
|Main cast
|rowspan=2|[[NTV (Kenya)|NTV]]
|-
|2011{{ndash}}12
|''Demigods''
|Juliana
|Main cast
|-
|rowspan=2|2015
|''[[How to Find a Husband]]''
|
|Main cast 
|Maisha Magic East
|-
|''Interior Designs''
|Host
|Pre-intended host, but she died before the premiere.
|[[NTV (Kenya)|NTV]]
|}

==Hanyoyin Haɗin waje ==
* Adireshi na musamman http://nanagichuru.com/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313060402/http://nanagichuru.com/ |date=2016-03-13 }}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Mata]]
[[Category:Mata a Kenya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Kenya]]
[[Category:Ƴan fim]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1986]]
[[Category:Matattun 2015]]</text>
      <sha1>qs8oidysp2erzrsivl67bzcf8mvg0ns</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Umaru Shehu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17410</id>
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      <id>828694</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-02T12:18:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umar-askira</username>
        <id>12577</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346743342|Umaru Shehu]]&quot;</comment>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

'''Umaru Shehu''' CON, CFR (8 gawatan Disamba shekara ta 1930 - 2 Oktoba 2023) likita ne kuma mai gudanar da ilimi a Najeriya. Ya rike manyan mukamai a jami'o'i da yawa, ciki har da [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]], [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], da Jami'an Maiduguri . Ya kasance shugaban kwamitin daraktoci na Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayar Halitta, Najeriya (IHVN). 
[[Rukuni:Likitocin Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1930]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ɗanwake</title>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828770</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1715" sha1="l0kt57tzmczvlb9kbepfmesciex6fpj" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|danwake DA kayan ganye]]
[[File:Danwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Danwake da kwai]]
[[Fayil:Dan Wake.jpg|thumb|danwake dakayan hadinsa]]
[[Fayil:Dan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Danwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne sukafi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akanyi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyada da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salak da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,Mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankade shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="1716" sha1="eekjk4jd283iii9e586piocjwps3vdi" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake DA kayan ganye]]
[[File:Danwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Danwake da kwai]]
[[Fayil:Dan Wake.jpg|thumb|danwake dakayan hadinsa]]
[[Fayil:Dan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Danwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne sukafi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akanyi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyada da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salak da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,Mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankade shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828772</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File:Danwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Danwake da kwai]]
[[Fayil:Dan Wake.jpg|thumb|danwake dakayan hadinsa]]
[[Fayil:Dan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Danwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne sukafi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akanyi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyada da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salak da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,Mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankade shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
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    <revision>
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[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Danwake da kwai]]
[[Fayil:Dan Wake.jpg|thumb|danwake dakayan hadinsa]]
[[Fayil:Dan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Danwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne sukafi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akanyi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyada da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salak da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,Mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankade shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
      <sha1>banzz2nle7llqxijl2im8nf2r82wgj8</sha1>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Danwake da kwai]]
[[Fayil:Dan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake dakayan hadinsa]]
[[Fayil:Dan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Danwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne sukafi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akanyi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyada da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salak da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,Mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankade shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
      <sha1>2aui4iwzgak64mc5qf5ocqpuw8tpq3b</sha1>
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    <revision>
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[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da kwai]]
[[Fayil:Dan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake dakayan hadinsa]]
[[Fayil:Dan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Danwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne sukafi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akanyi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyada da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salak da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,Mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankade shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
      <sha1>5gmzev97vfy2g8bztk3h53dss0u20h0</sha1>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-02T14:00:00Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <text bytes="1721" sha1="5224vaqczzxw0bj1hujjykq5rxm5wcv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da kwai]]
[[Fayil:Dan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan hadinsa]]
[[Fayil:Dan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Danwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne sukafi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akanyi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyada da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salak da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,Mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankade shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
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    <revision>
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        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <text bytes="1722" sha1="cjzrasy2w20cnqw0fq0spq5zlff4l0f" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da kwai]]
[[Fayil:Dan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil:Dan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Danwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne sukafi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akanyi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyada da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salak da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,Mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankade shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
      <sha1>cjzrasy2w20cnqw0fq0spq5zlff4l0f</sha1>
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    <revision>
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        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <text bytes="1723" sha1="els20el7jucf66laew6hvwvlwf0vk45" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da Ƙwai]]
[[Fayil:Dan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil:Dan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Danwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne sukafi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akanyi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyada da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salak da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,Mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankade shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
      <sha1>els20el7jucf66laew6hvwvlwf0vk45</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828779</id>
      <parentid>828778</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1724" sha1="o51yumfykcwlfzxx2cpsiexh4dkrvvk" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da Ƙwai]]
[[Fayil:Dan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil:Dan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne sukafi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akanyi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyada da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salak da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,Mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankade shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
      <sha1>o51yumfykcwlfzxx2cpsiexh4dkrvvk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828780</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1725" sha1="n7jqeeatye1wyf783yxs6mlm3nz1cff" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da Ƙwai]]
[[Fayil:Dan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil:Dan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne sukafi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akan yi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyada da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salak da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,Mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankade shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
      <sha1>n7jqeeatye1wyf783yxs6mlm3nz1cff</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828781</id>
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        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da Ƙwai]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil:Dan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne sukafi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akan yi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyada da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salak da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,Mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankade shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
      <sha1>67aiq48hy3ltto8uw1zo115r4wjff9k</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828782</id>
      <parentid>828781</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828782</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1729" sha1="hqvhpfmltj8gr5o7jtb82jbgy3vseq5" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da Ƙwai]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne sukafi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akan yi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyada da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salak da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,Mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankade shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
      <sha1>hqvhpfmltj8gr5o7jtb82jbgy3vseq5</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828783</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1730" sha1="7k6cy8gncwvbmbk3p3m2xef2hhdxvt4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da Ƙwai]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne suka fi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akan yi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyada da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salak da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,Mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankade shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
      <sha1>7k6cy8gncwvbmbk3p3m2xef2hhdxvt4</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828785</id>
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        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <text bytes="1730" sha1="b0oh7fnnqru82zji337ixy24crb1bkw" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da Ƙwai]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne suka fi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akan yi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyada da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salat da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,Mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankade shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828786</id>
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        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <text bytes="1731" sha1="0xplr09y19klcl8h5cx8xk1u614nlnr" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da Ƙwai]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne suka fi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akan yi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyaɗa da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salat da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,Mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankade shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828787</id>
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        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1731" sha1="q506yd4h87hpwt864uov2hkiefdbz6i" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da Ƙwai]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne suka fi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akan yi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyaɗa da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salat da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankade shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
      <sha1>q506yd4h87hpwt864uov2hkiefdbz6i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828788</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <text bytes="1732" sha1="q6i709x0x8hzx5v68rcv8oxrol08fv2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da Ƙwai]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne suka fi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akan yi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyaɗa da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salat da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen hada Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankaɗe shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
      <sha1>q6i709x0x8hzx5v68rcv8oxrol08fv2</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828789</id>
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        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <text bytes="1733" sha1="oi8t0alx4rv1eyw7l27em1rzllh0cen" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da Ƙwai]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne suka fi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akan yi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyaɗa da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salat da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen haɗa Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu 
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankaɗe shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
      <sha1>oi8t0alx4rv1eyw7l27em1rzllh0cen</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828790</id>
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        <id>24821</id>
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      <text bytes="1733" sha1="mndglq5glpxr08i3xp24l7hgm8ng9qu" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da Ƙwai]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne suka fi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akan yi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyaɗa da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salat da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen haɗa Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu.
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankaɗe shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a dauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
      <sha1>mndglq5glpxr08i3xp24l7hgm8ng9qu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828792</id>
      <parentid>828790</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T14:11:41Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <text bytes="1734" sha1="aor3rsyzxnqqk02hb00gv53hho8lbux" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da Ƙwai]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne suka fi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akan yi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyaɗa da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salat da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen haɗa Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu.
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanyata ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankaɗe shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a ɗauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
      <sha1>aor3rsyzxnqqk02hb00gv53hho8lbux</sha1>
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    <revision>
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        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <text bytes="1735" sha1="nl8raty1hiimqwrff98zmvcnwnfp8nq" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da Ƙwai]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne suka fi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akan yi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyaɗa da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salat da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen haɗa Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu.
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanya ta ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankaɗe shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a ɗauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
      <sha1>nl8raty1hiimqwrff98zmvcnwnfp8nq</sha1>
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[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da Ƙwai]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne suka fi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akan yi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyaɗa da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salat da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen haɗa Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu.
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanya ta ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankaɗe shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a daurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a ɗauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-ɗanwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
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    <revision>
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[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da Ƙwai]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne suka fi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akan yi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyaɗa da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salat da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen haɗa Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu.
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanya ta ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankaɗe shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a ɗaurayeshi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a ɗauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-ɗanwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
      <sha1>cvkfqisey19x9mehertjb2g8f2d8own</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828797</id>
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[[File:Ɗanwake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan ganye]]
[[File: Ɗanwake da mai da yaji.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake da Ƙwai]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan Wake.jpg|thumb|ɗanwake da kayan haɗinsa]]
[[Fayil: Ɗan wake o1.jpg|thumb|Ɗanwake]]
'''Ɗanwake,''' abinci ne da galibi al'ummar [[Hausawa]] ne suka fi yin shi, Ɗanwake ya kasance abincin mar-mari ne domin ba kasafai akan yi shi ba. Ana Kuma yin shi da fulawa,alkama ko garin danwake da kuma dawa. Idan an gama shi ana cin shi da man gyaɗa da yaji, Wasu nasa mai kabeji da salat da albasa da kwai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alhajisuya.com/products/garin-danwake&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Ɗanwake ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da manoma suka fara shuka amfanin gona, inda ake amfani da wani daga cikin irin nau'in abincin da ake [[Nomawa]] wajen sarrafa shi ya zama Ɗanwake.

==Kayan Ɗanwake==
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen haɗa Ɗanwake sun haɗa da Dawa,Rogo,Kanwa,Barkono,kuka,mai ko Manja,Ruwa mai ƙyau dadai sauransu.
==Yadda ake ɗanwake==
Da farko dai za'a wanke dawa, a shanya ta ta bushe, sai a haɗa da rogo akai niƙa. Bayan an niƙa sai a tankaɗe shi da rariya sai a saka kuka a ƙwafa shi da ruwan kanwa sannan a rinka jefa shi a cikin tafasasshen ruwan zafi da ke akan wuta, bayan yayi tafasa uku a lokacin ya dahu za'a kwashe sai a ɗauraye shi da ruwa Mai kyau sai a soya mai ko Manja domin a sanya cikin ɗanwaken, sai a ɗauki yaji a barbaɗa ko magi sai ci kawai.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-danwake/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202062141/https://www.deesmealz.com/how-to-make-ɗanwake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Abincin Hausawa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Asalin wasar Fulani da Barebari</title>
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      <text bytes="4333" sha1="4r9h7mrugyopmbvovm29w6p8txay45s" xml:space="preserve">Ibrahim{{Databox}}
{{hujja}}
'''Akasarin''' [[Barebari]] (Kanurai) da [[Fulani]] ba su san tarihin wasan da ke tsakaninsu ba, illa dai kawai sun tashi sun ga iyayensu da kakaninsu suna wasan zolayan juna idan an haɗu, awani guri ko a wani waje.
Wannan ya sa naga dacewar bincikowa 'yan uwana Barebari da Fulani tarihin wasan da ke tsakaninsu. Mun samo wannan bayanin ne daga littafin Kasar barno.
Wasan da ke tsakanin Barebari da Fulani Tarihi ya nuna cewar bunƙasar shahararriyar Daular [[Borno]] ta Kanurai ta soma yin ƙasa ne tun bayan rasuwar Sarkin su Mai suna Idris (Aloma) a wuraren ƙarni na 17 zuwa na 18.
Don haka ya zamana daular ta dinga asarar manyan garuruwan da suke ƙarƙashinta sakamakon yadda ƙarfin ikonta ke durƙushewa.
Ana wannan yanayi, sai kuma Fulani suka soma jihadi a shekarar 1804 Miladiyya. Don haka bayanaƙe-yaƙensu ya yi ƙamari, sai ya zamana suna tashi zuwa garuruwa domin cinsu da yaƙi, sai da ta kai har masarautar Borno sun riska da yaƙi.
A shekarar 1808 ne Fulani suka ƙwace cibiyar Masarautar Borno da ke garin Ngazargamu, inda suka ƙone garin tare da korar manayan garin.
A shekarar 1814 kuma sai babban Malami a Daular Borno mai suna Shaihu Muhammadul Amin El-kanemi ya jagoranci kafa sabuwar Daular Barno a wani gari mai suna Kukawa.
Sannan ya haɗa runduna gami da soma taimakon sarkinsu mai suna Mai Dunama Lefiagi.
Daga baya, bayan sarki Mai Dunama ya so hallaka Shaihu Muhammadul Amin El-kanemi saboda hassadar farin jininsa a wurin jama'a, amma bai samu nasara ba, sai Shaihu Muhammadul Amin El-kanemin ya zamo sarkin Borno mai cikakken iko ba tare da zub da jini ba.
Sayyadina [[Umar]] ya taba aika sako Daular Borno.
Don haka shi [[Muhammadul Amin El-kanemi]] ya shiga ƙalubalantar Fulani da suka hana su sakat ta hanyar yaƙarsu da kuma aike wa da wasiƙun ilimi yana tuhumar Shugaban Fulani, wato Mujaddadi Shehu Usman Dan Fadiyo a kan cewa don me zai shiga yaƙi da Daular Borno, alhali ta fi shekaru 800 da karɓar addinin Musulunci kuma da sunan yaƙin Musulunci.
To, a haka dai aka dinga gwabzawa da yaƙi da kuma rubuce-rubuce na wasiƙu har zuwa rasuwar Mujaddadi Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodio, yayin da ɗansa [[Muhammadu Bello]] ya gaje shi a shekarar 1826 inda yaƙi ya ƙara ƙamari a tsakaninsu.
Babu jimawa kuma bayan kowa ya sha wuya a hannun ɗan uwansa sai dai Barebari sunfi shan wuya dalilin shine har kwace daular su Fulani sukayi daga baya, sai aka yanke shawarar yin neman mafita. Anan aka yi sulhu, aka bar Kanurai (Barebari) da birninsu, amma dai sun rasa ikon wasu yankunan da a baya suke hannunsu izuwa hannun Fulani.

A inda wasan ƙabilun biyu ya shigo shi ne, dirkakowar mayaƙin nan daga ƙasar Sudan zuwa yankin Borno, wato Rabeh Zubair Ibn Fadlallah.
A cikin shekarar 1893 Rabeh ya zo daga Sudan da shiri na gaske, ya afka wa Daular Borno da yaƙi, nan da nan ya yi karin kumallo da ita. Rabeh da mutanensa sai abin da suka ga dama suke a Borno.
Wani yaƙi da aka yi a kusa da Farlomi, sojojin Faransa na mulkin mallaka suka kashe Rabeh bayan ya yi mulki a shekaru bakwai da watanni bakwai da kwanaki bakwai a Borno.
Bayan lokaci kaɗan sai Ingilishi suka ci ƙasar da yaƙi, suka mayar da zaman lafiya da salama.
Wuyar da Kanurai suka sha a hannun Rabeh, wanda ya zamo rabinta ba su sha ba a yaƙinsu da Fulani, shi ya sa Fulani suke tsokanarsu idan sun gansu, suke cewa, &quot;Ga Rabeh nan,&quot; su kuwa Barebari sai kaga sun hargitsa kamar ɓera ya hango kyanwa.
Daga baya da Barebari suka gane tsokana ce kawai, sai suma suke mayar da martani, har kuma abin ya zamo wasan tsokana tsakanin waɗannan ƙabilu biyun.
Amma dai har izuwa yau, Barebari sun yadda su sanyawa 'ya'yansu sunan Usmanu, amma ba sa sanyawa 'ya'yansu sunan Rabeh ko Rabi'u.
Wannan shi ne tarihin wasan da ke tsakanin Barebari da kuma Fulani. Akwai bayani iya bakin gwargwadona game da tarihin ƙasar Barno, suna da asali, da kuma wasu daga cikin kyawawan halayen Barebari da abin da ya shafe su a cikin littafin &quot;ƘASAR BARNO A JIYA.&quot;
Da wannan na zo ƙarshen wannan muƙalar tawa. Ina roƙon Ubangiji Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki ya albarkaci wannan aikin namu, ya sa ya amfani dukkan ɗaliban ilimi.
A ƙarshe ina sake roƙon Ubangiji Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki ya haɗa kanmu, ya ba mu zaman lafiya mai ɗaurewa a yankinmu na [[Arewa]], da [[Nigeria]] baki daya

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi</title>
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[[Fayil:EUD 2020-1132.pdf|thumb|takarda game abdullahi hassan]]
'''Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi''' (an haifeshi ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 1968) babban lauya ne kuma ɗan siyasa a Najeriya. Shi ne Karamin Ministan Kimiyya da Fasaha na Najeriya. Ya kasance Babban Lauya kuma Kwamishinan Shari'a na [[Nasarawa|Jihar Nasarawa]] da Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (SSG). Lauya ne kuma lauya na [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli ta Najeriya]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;ALI2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/abdullahi-another-lawyer-in-incoming-cabinet/|title=Abdullahi: Another lawyer in incoming cabinet|website=thenationonlineng.net|date=2019|access-date=7 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi haifaffen Uke ne, a cikin [[Karu|karamar hukumar Karu ta]] jihar Nasarawa a yanzu. Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Uke daga shekarar alif dari tara da saba'in da uku 1973 zuwa alif dari tara da saba'in da tara 1979 an ba shi takardar shaidar kammala makarantar sa ta farko. Tsakanin shekara ta alif dari tara da saba'in da tara 1979 da 1984, ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Uke, an ba shi [[Takardar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma|takardar shaidar makarantar Yammacin Afirka]] da kuma [[Janar Takardar Ilimi|Babban Takaddar Ilimi]] . A shekarar 1990, ya sami [[Tuzuru na Dokokin|digirin digirgir na digirin digirgir na Laws]] a Common / Shariria daga [[Jami'ar Usmanu Danfodiyo]], Sakkwato, kuma an kira shi zuwa Lauyan Najeriya a 1991 bayan kammala karatunsa a [[Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya|Makarantar Koyon Lauya ta Najeriya]], Legas. Ya yi aiki a matsayin tilas na bautar [[Kungiyar bautar kasa ta matasa|kasa]] (NYSC) a [[Enugu (jiha)|jihar Enugu]], a ƙarƙashin Mssrs Ukpabi, Ukpabi &amp; Co. (Legal Practitioners). &lt;ref name=&quot;MFS2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://scienceandtech.gov.ng/minister-for-state/|title=Minister for State|website=scienceandtech.gov.ng|date=2019|access-date=7 November 2020|archive-date=1 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201031635/https://scienceandtech.gov.ng/minister-for-state/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
A shekarar 1993, Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi ya fara aikin lauya tare da Messrs Ola Olanipekun &amp; Co. (Prime Chambers), a matsayin Mataimakin Lauya. Shi ne Kafa Abokan Tafida Chambers (Messrs Hammart &amp; CO. Lauyoyi / Lauyoyi), Abuja. Tsakanin shekarar 2006 da 2011 ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙasa, Gudanarwa da Tsarin Mulki, Intercell Tech. Iyakantacce; da sakataren kamfanin / Mai ba da shawara kan harkokin shari'a na [[Kamfanin Transnational Corporation of Nigeria|Kamfanin Hulda da Jama'a na Najeriya]], Lagos. Tsakanin 2000 da 2002, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin babban manaja / sakatare na kamfani, Kamfanin Inshorar Inshora &amp; Ci Gaban Kasa, bayan ya zama shugaban, karamar hukumar Karu a 1996. &lt;ref name=&quot;FTR2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/347874-for-the-record-official-citations-of-buharis-ministers-sgf.html|title=FOR THE RECORD: Official citations of Buhari’s ministers, SGF|website=premiumtimesng.com|date=2019|access-date=7 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ALI2&quot; /&gt;

[[Abdullahi Adamu|Gwamna Abdullahi Adamu]] ne ya nada shi cikin Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar Nasarawa, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Atoni Janar da Kwamishinan Shari’a kuma Mashawarci na Musamman daga 2003 zuwa 2005. &lt;ref name=&quot;MFS2&quot; /&gt; An bayyana shi a matsayin wani tushe na ƙa'idodi da ɗabi'ar ɗabi'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/meet-minister-designate-from-nasarawa/|title=Meet minister-designate from Nasarawa|website=thenationonlineng.net|date=2019|access-date=7 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FTR2&quot; /&gt;

[[Umaru Tanko Al-Makura|Gwamna Umaru Tanko Al-Makura]] ne ya nada shi Sakataren Gwamnatin Jihar Nasarawa kuma ya yi aiki daga 2017 zuwa 2019 kafin Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya nada shi cikin Majalisar Zartarwa ta Tarayya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nta.ng/news/20170201-nasarawa/|title=Nasarawa State Gets New SSG and Head of Service|website=nta.ng|date=2017|access-date=7 November 2020|archive-date=13 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113093059/https://www.nta.ng/news/20170201-nasarawa/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2019/07/23/ministerial-list-more-details-about-buharis-nomination|title=Ministerial List: More Details About Buhari's Nomination|website=saharareporters.com|date=2017|access-date=7 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A yayin tantance ministocin nasa a [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|majalisar dattijai]], akwai rokon da wasu daga cikin sanatocin suka yi masa kan ya ji dadin gatan da aka bai wa tsoffin 'yan majalisar na' daukar baka '; tare da ƙarancin bincike ko kaɗan. Rokon nasu ya ta'allaka ne da yadda yake gudanar da mulkin jihar a baya. Ya amsa wasu 'yan tambayoyi kan karfafa mata da tsaro. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/buhari-senate-screens-14-more-ministerial-nominees/vcdqhs1|title=Senate screens 14 more ministerial nominees in dull affair|website=pulse.ng|date=2019|access-date=7 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan nasarar tantance shi, Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ya ba shi aiki a majalisar ministocin sa a matsayin Ministan Jiha, Kimiyya da Fasaha. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.africanews.com/2019/08/21/nigeria-s-new-cabinet-inaugurated-president-remain-petroleum-minister//|title=Nigeria's new cabinet inaugurated, president remains Petroleum minister|website=africanews.com|date=2019|access-date=7 November 2020}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1968]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bob Marley</title>
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[[Fayil:Bob Marley 1976 press photo.jpg|thumb|Bob Marley]]
[[Fayil:Bob-Marley 3 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Bob Marley]]
'''Robert Nesta Marley''' (An haife shi 6 ga watan Fabrairu, Shekara ta 1945 - ya mutu 11 Mayu, 1981)  ya kasance mawaƙin [[Jamaica]], mai rubutawa da kuma rera waƙa. A dukkan shekara idan ranar mutuwarsa ta zagayo, mashaya suna kiranta da suna &quot;Marli=day&quot;,  Ɗauke ɗayan ɗayan masu farauta na reggae, aikinsa na kiɗa yana da alamun abubuwa masu haɗuwa na reggae, ska, da rocksteady, da kuma sautinsa na musamman da salon waƙoƙi. Gudummawar Marley ga kiɗa ta ƙara waƙoƙin Jamaica a duniya gabaɗaya, kuma ya sanya shi ya zama babban mutum a cikin al'adun gargajiya sama da shekaru goma.   A tsawon aikinsa Marley ya zama sananne ne a matsayin [[Rastafari]] icon, kuma ya sanya waƙarsa da ma'anar ruhaniya.  Hakanan kuma ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin alama ta duniya ta waƙar Jamaica da al'adu da asali, kuma ya kasance mai jayayya a cikin goyon bayan da ya nuna game da halatta marijuana, yayin da ya kuma yi kira ga Pan-Africanism . 

Haihuwar Maril a Nine Mile, Jamaica ta Biritaniya, Marley ya fara aikinsa na kide-kide a shekarar 1963, bayan ya kafa Bob Marley da Wailers . Releasedungiyar ta fitar da kundi na farko na ''sutudiyo mai suna The Wailing Wailers'' a shekarar 1965, wanda ke ɗauke da waƙoƙin &quot;Loveauna Daya / Mutane Suna Shirya &quot;; wakar ta shahara a duk duniya, kuma ta kafa kungiyar a matsayin masu tashe a reggae.  Daga baya Wailers sun sake fitar da faya-fayan ɗawainiya guda goma sha; yayin da farko suka fara amfani da kayan kida da rera waka, kungiyar ta fara tsunduma cikin aikin rera waka a karshen shekarun 1960s da farkon 1970s, wanda yayi daidai da sauyawar mawakiyar zuwa [[Rastafari]] . A wannan lokacin Marley ta ƙaura zuwa [[Landan|London]], kuma ƙungiyar ta haɗa da canje canjen su tare da fitowar  kundin ''Mafi Kyawun Wailers'' (1971). 

Ungiyar ta sami nasarar ƙasa da ƙasa bayan ''fitowar kundin faifai Kama da Wuta'' da ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;''' (duka 1973), kuma sun ƙirƙiri suna kamar masu zane-zane. Bayan watsewar Wailers shekara guda daga baya, Marley ya ci gaba da sakin kayan aikinsa ƙarƙashin sunan ƙungiyar. ''Faifan faifan'' fim din sa na farko Natty Dread (1974) ya sami kyakkyawar tarba, kamar yadda mai biyewa ''Rastaman Vibration'' (1976) yayi. Bayan 'yan watanni da fitar da kundin wakokin Marley ya tsallake yunkurin kisan kai a gidansa da ke Jamaica, wanda hakan ya sa shi komawa Landan din din din. A lokacin da yake Landan ya yi rikodin kundin ''fitarwa'' (1977); ya ƙunshi abubuwan da suka haɗa da shuɗi, ruhu, da dutsen Burtaniya kuma sun sami fa'idar kasuwanci da babbar nasara.

A cikin shekarar alib na 1977, Marley ya kamu da cutar acral lentiginous melanoma ; ya mutu sakamakon rashin lafiya a shekarar 1981. Masoyan sa a duk fadin duniya sun nuna alhinin su, kuma ya samu jana'izar kasa a Jamaica. An saki mafi girman kundin ''Tarihi na Tarihi'' a cikin shekara ta 1984, kuma ya zama mafi kyawun kundin reggae na kowane lokaci . Marley shima ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu kiɗan kiɗa a kowane lokaci, tare da ƙididdigar tallace-tallace sama da rubuce miliyan 75 a duk duniya.  Jamaica ta girmama shi bayan rasuwa jim kaɗan da mutuwarsa tare da tsara alfarmar girmamawa daga alummarsa. A cikin shekarar ta 1994, an saka shi cikin Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . ''Rolling Stone ya'' sanya shi A'a. 11 a cikin jerin 100 Mafi Girma Artan wasa na kowane lokaci .

== Farkon rayuwa da aiki ==
[[File:Bob-Marley.jpg|thumb|Bob Marley yana waka]]
An haifi Robert Nesta Marley a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar na 1945 a gonar kakan mahaifiyarsa a Nine Mile, Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica, zuwa Norval Sinclair Marley da Cedella Malcolm .  Norval Marley ya fito ne daga Crowborough, East Sussex a Ingila,  sannan mazaunin Clarendon Parish,  wanda dangin sa suka ce asalin su yahudawan Siriya ne su ma.   &lt;ref&gt;Cahyaningtyas, Setyo. 2011. &lt;/ref&gt; Norval ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya kasance kyaftin a Royal Marines ;  a lokacin aurensa da Cedella Malcolm, wani ɗan Afro-Jamaica a lokacin yana ɗan shekara 18, an ɗauke shi aiki a matsayin mai kula da shukar. Cikakken sunan Bob Marley shine Robert Nesta Marley, kodayake wasu kafofin sun sanya sunan haihuwarsa a matsayin Nesta Robert Marley, tare da labarin cewa lokacin da Marley ke yarinya karama wani jami'in fasfo din Jamaica ya sauya sunayensa na farko da na tsakiya saboda Nesta ya yi kama da sunan yarinya.   Norval ya ba da tallafin kuɗi don matarsa da ɗansa amma ba safai yake ganinsu ba kamar yadda baya yawan zuwa. Bob Marley ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Stepney da kuma karamar makarantar sakandare wacce ke hidiman yankin da ake kamawa na Saint Ann A shekarar na 1955, lokacin da Bob Marley ke da shekaru 10, mahaifinsa ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya yana da shekara 70. Mahaifiyar Marley daga baya ta auri Edward Booker, wani ma'aikacin gwamnati daga Amurka, yana ba Marley 'yan uwan biyu: Richard da Anthony.  

Bob Marley da Neville Livingston (daga baya aka sani da Bunny Wailer ) sun kasance abokai yara a Nine Mile. Sun fara yin waƙa tare yayin da suke Stepney Primary da Junior High School.  Marley ya bar Mil Mili tara tare da mahaifiyarsa lokacin da yake 12 kuma suka koma Trenchtown, Kingston. Ita da Thadeus Livingston (mahaifin Bunny Wailer) suna da 'ya mace tare wanda suka sa mata suna Claudette Pearl, wacce kanwa ce ga Bob da Bunny duka. Yanzu da Marley da Livingston suke zaune a cikin gida ɗaya a Trenchtown, bincikensu na kide-kide ya zurfafa don haɗa da R&amp;B na baya-bayan nan daga gidajen rediyo na Amurka wanda watsa shirye-shiryensu suka isa Jamaica, da sabon kiɗan ska. Matsayin zuwa Trenchtown ya kasance mai wadatar gaske, kuma Marley ba da daɗewa ba ya sami kansa cikin ƙungiyar murya tare da Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh, Beverley Kelso da Junior Braithwaite . Joe Higgs, wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na nasarar rawar murya Higgs da Wilson, suna zaune a ranar 3 ta St., kuma tsohuwar mai suna Junior Braithwaite ta tashi tare da abokin wasan sa Roy Wilson. Higgs da Wilson za su sake yin atisaye a bayan gidajen tsakanin titin 2 da na 3, kuma ba da daɗewa ba, Marley (da ke zaune yanzu a kan 2nd St.), Junior Braithwaite da sauran sun taru a kusa da wannan nasarar da suka samu.  Marley da sauran ba su buga kowane kayan kida ba a wannan lokacin, kuma sun fi sha'awar zama kungiyar hadin kai ta murya. Higgs ya yi farin cikin taimaka musu wajen haɓaka jituwarsu, kodayake mafi mahimmanci, ya fara koya wa Marley yadda ake kaɗa guitar - ta haka ne zai samar da gado wanda daga baya zai ba Bob Marley damar gina wasu waƙoƙin reggae mafi girma a tarihin tarihin salo

== Ayyukan waƙa ==
[[File:Bob Marley at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|Bob Marley a Madame Tussads dake garin London]]
A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1962, Marley ya yi rikodin waƙoƙi huɗu, &quot; Ba Alƙali Ba &quot;, &quot;Kofi Oneaya Na Kofi&quot;, &quot;Har Yanzu Kuna Loveauna Na?&quot; da &quot;Terror&quot;, a Federal Studios don mai samar da kiɗa na cikin gida Leslie Kong .  Uku daga cikin waƙoƙin an sake su ne a kan Beverley tare da &quot;Kofi ɗaya na Kofi&quot; wanda aka sake su a ƙarƙashin sunan ɓoye Bobby Martell. 

A cikin shekarar ta 1963, Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh, Junior Braithwaite, Beverley Kelso, da Cherry Smith an kira su Matasa. Daga baya suka canza sunan zuwa Wailing Rudeboys, sannan suka koma Wailing Wailers, a wanna lokacin ne furodusa mai rikodin Coxsone Dodd ne ya gano su, daga ƙarshe kuma suka koma Wailers. Singleaurarsu ɗaya &quot; Simmer Down &quot; don alamar Coxsone ta zama ɗan ƙasar Jamaica na Februaryaya a cikin watan Fabrairu shekarar 1964 suna siyar da kimanin kwafi 70,000.  Wailers, yanzu suna yin rikodin Studio One a kai a kai, sun sami kansu suna aiki tare da fitattun mawaƙa na Jamaica kamar Ernest Ranglin (mai tsara &quot;It Hurts To Be Alone&quot;), &lt;ref name=&quot;Taylor&quot;&gt;[http://unitedreggae.com/articles/n886/021112/interview-ernest-ranglin-part-1 Ranglin Interview with Angus Taylor (11 February 2011).] &lt;/ref&gt; masanin keyboard Jackie Mittoo da saxophonist Roland Alphonso. Zuwa shekarar 1966, Braithwaite, Kelso, da Smith sun bar Wailers, sun bar manyan ukun Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, da Peter Tosh. 

A cikin shekarar 1966, Marley ya auri Rita Anderson, kuma ya koma kusa da gidan mahaifiyarsa a Wilmington, Delaware, a cikin Amurka na wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, a lokacin da ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da taimako na dakin gwaje-gwaje na DuPont kuma a layin taron a wani gidan Chrysler da ke kusa da Newark, karkashin laƙabi da Donald Marley. 

Kodayake Marley ya tashi a matsayin Katolika, Marley ya sami sha'awar [[Rastafari|imani na Rastafari]] a cikin 1960s, lokacin da yake nesa da tasirin mahaifiyarsa.  Bayan dawowarsa Jamaica, Marley bisa tsari ya canza zuwa Rastafari kuma ya fara yin katako .

Bayan rashin jituwa ta kuɗi da Dodd, Marley da ƙungiyarsa suka haɗa kai tare da Lee &quot;Scratch&quot; Perry da rukunin studio, Upsetters . Kodayake ƙawancen bai wuce shekara guda ba, sun yi rikodin abin da mutane da yawa ke ɗauka mafi kyawun aikin Wailers. Marley da Perry sun rarrabu bayan takaddama game da sanya haƙƙin rakodi, amma za su ci gaba da aiki tare. 

A shekarar 1969 ya kawo wani canji ga mashahurin kiɗan Jamaica wanda ƙwanƙwasa ya ragu har ma da ƙari. Sabuwar kidan ya kasance sannu a hankali, kwari, alamar amo wanda aka fara ji a waƙar The Maytals &quot;Do the Reggay .&quot; Marley ta tunkari furodusa Leslie Kong, wanda aka ɗauka ɗayan manyan masu haɓaka sautin reggae. Don rikodin, Kong ya haɗu da Wailers tare da mawaƙan sautuka da ake kira Beverley's All-Stars, wanda ya ƙunshi mawaƙa Lloyd Parks da Jackie Jackson, ɗan wasan kidan Paul Douglas, 'yan wasan madannin Gladstone Anderson da Winston Wright, da kuma guitar guitar Rad Bryan, Lynn Taitt, da Hux Brown.  Kamar yadda David Moskowitz ya rubuta, &quot;Waƙoƙin da aka ɗauka a cikin wannan zaman sun kwatanta ƙoƙarin farko na Wailers a cikin sabon salon reggae. Kahon ska da waƙoƙin saxophone na waƙoƙin da suka gabata sun tafi, tare da hutu da kayan aiki yanzu ana amfani da guitar guitar. &quot; Za a sake waƙoƙin da aka yi rikodin azaman kundin album ''na Mafi Kyawun Wan Wailers'', gami da waƙoƙin &quot;Soul Shakedown Party,&quot; &quot;Dakatar da Wannan Jirgin,&quot; &quot;Tsanaki,&quot; &quot;Ku Faɗa Kan Dutse,&quot; &quot;Ba da Daɗewa Ba Ku Zo,&quot; &quot;Can ' t Ka Gani, &quot;&quot; Soaukan Rai, &quot;&quot; Yi Murna, &quot;&quot; Baya Baya, &quot;Da&quot; Yi Sau Biyu &quot;. 
[[File:Bob_Marley_apartment_in_London.jpg|alt=Exterior of Bob Marley's apartment building in London.|thumb| Gidan Bob Marley a cikin 1972 a 34 Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, London]]
Tsakanin shekarar 1968 da shekarar 1972, Bob da Rita Marley, Peter Tosh da Bunny Wailer sun sake yanke wasu tsofaffin waƙoƙi tare da JAD Records a Kingston da [[Landan|London]] a ƙoƙarin kasuwancin sautin Wailers. Bunny daga baya ya tabbatar da cewa waɗannan waƙoƙin &quot;bai kamata a sake su ba a cikin faifai ba ... kawai demos ne don kamfanonin rakodi su saurara&quot;. A cikin shekarar1968, Bob da Rita sun ziyarci marubucin waƙa Jimmy Norman a gidansa da ke Bronx. Norman ya rubuta kalmomin da aka tsawaita don Kai Winding 's &quot;Time Is on My Side&quot; (wanda Rolling Stones ya rufe) kuma ya kuma rubuta wa Johnny Nash da Jimi Hendrix.  Zama na jam na kwana uku tare da Norman da wasu, gami da marubucin marubucin Norman Al Pyfrom, ya haifar da faifai na minti 24 na Marley yana yin nasa da yawa da kuma na Norman-Pyfrom. Wannan tef din, a cewar mai kula da tarihin Reggae Roger Steffens, ba safai ake samun hakan ba saboda tasirin shi ya mamaye shi maimakon na reggae, a wani bangare na kokarin karya Marley cikin jadawalin Amurka.  A cewar wata kasida a ''The New York Times'', Marley ta yi gwaji a kan tef din da sautuka daban-daban, ta hanyar daukar salon doo-wop a kan &quot;Ku Kasance Tare Da Ni&quot; da &quot;salon wakar sannu a hankali na masu fasahar shekarar 1960&quot; a kan &quot;Splish for My Splash&quot;.  Mai zane-zane har yanzu bai samu damar kafa kansa ba a wajen ƙasar Jamaica, Marley ya zauna a cikin Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, a lokacin shekarar 1972. 

=== 1972–1974: Matsar zuwa rikodin din Tsibiri ===
A cikin shekarar 1972, Bob Marley ya sanya hannu tare da CBS Records a London kuma ya fara rangadin Burtaniya tare da mawaƙin rai Johnny Nash . Yayinda suke Landan, Wailers sun nemi manajan hanyarsu Brent Clarke da ya gabatar da su ga Chris Blackwell, wanda ya ba da lasisin wasu abubuwan da Coxsone ya fitar don rikodin Island Records . Wailers sun yi niyyar tattauna batun masarauta da ke tattare da waɗannan sakewar; maimakon haka, taron ya haifar da tayin ci gaban £ 4,000 don yin rikodin kundi. Tun Jimmy Cliff, babban tauraron reggae na tsibiri, kwanan nan ya bar lakabin, Blackwell ya kasance don maye gurbinsa. A cikin Marley, Blackwell ya fahimci abubuwan da ake buƙata don tarkon masu sauraron dutsen: “Ina ma'amala da kiɗan dutsen, wanda da gaske waƙar tawaye ne. Na ji hakan zai iya zama silar fasa kidan Jamaica. Amma kuna buƙatar wanda zai iya zama wannan hoton. Lokacin da Bob ya shiga ciki ainihin hoton ne. ”  Wailers sun dawo Jamaica don yin rikodi a Harry J's a Kingston, wanda ya haifar da kundin ''Catch a Fire'' .

Primarily recorded on an eight-track, ''Catch a Fire'' marked the first time a reggae band had access to a state-of-the-art studio and were accorded the same care as their rock 'n' roll peers. Blackwell desired to create &quot;more of a drifting, hypnotic-type feel than a reggae rhythm&quot;, and restructured Marley's mixes and arrangements. Marley travelled to London to supervise Blackwell's overdubbing of the album which included tempering the mix from the bass-heavy sound of Jamaican music and omitting two tracks.

During this period, Blackwell gifted his Kingston residence and company headquarters at 56 Hope Road (then known as Island House) to Marley. Housing Tuff Gong Studios, the property became not only Marley's office but also his home.

An shirya Masu Wailers ɗin za su buɗe wasanni 17 a Amurka don Sly da Dutsen Iyali . Bayan wasanni hudu, an kori ƙungiyar saboda sun fi shahara fiye da ayyukan da suke buɗewa. Wailers ya watse a cikin 1974, tare da kowane ɗayan manyan membobin uku suna neman aikin solo.

=== 1974–1976: Canje-canje na layi da harbi ===
[[File:Bob-marley-wailers-crystal-palace.jpg|alt=A crowd of people standing in water and listening to a band perform on stage|left|thumb| Bob Marley &amp; da Wailers suna zaune a Crystal Palace Bowl a kudu maso gabashin London, yayin Tashin Tashin hankali]]
Despite the break-up, Marley continued recording as &quot;Bob Marley &amp; The Wailers&quot;. His new backing band included brothers Carlton and Aston &quot;Family Man&quot; Barrett on drums and bass respectively, Junior Marvin and Al Anderson on lead guitar, Tyrone Downie and Earl &quot;Wya&quot; Lindo on keyboards, and Alvin &quot;Seeco&quot; Patterson on percussion. The &quot;I Threes&quot;, consisting of Judy Mowatt, Marcia Griffiths, and Marley's wife, Rita, provided backing vocals. In 1975, Marley had his international breakthrough with his first hit outside Jamaica, with a live version of &quot;No Woman, No Cry&quot;, from the ''Live!'' album. This was followed by his breakthrough album in the United States, ''Rastaman Vibration'' (1976), which reached the Top 50 of the Billboard Soul Charts.

A ranar 3 ga watan Disambar shekarar 1976, kwana biyu kafin &quot; Murmushi Jamaica &quot;, wani baje kolin kyauta da Firayim Ministan Jamaica Michael Manley ya shirya a kokarin sasanta tashin hankali tsakanin ƙungiyoyin siyasa biyu masu faɗa, Marley, matarsa, da manajansa Don Taylor sun ji rauni a harin ta wasu 'yan bindiga da ba a san su ba a cikin gidan Marley. Matar Taylor da matar Marley sun sami munanan raunuka amma daga baya suka murmure. Bob Marley ya sami ƙananan raunuka a kirji da hannu.  Yunkurin kashe shi ana tunanin yana da nasaba da siyasa, yayin da mutane da yawa ke ganin shagalin da gaske taron nuna goyon baya ne ga Manley. Ko ta yaya, waƙar ta ci gaba, kuma Marley da ya ji rauni ya yi kamar yadda aka tsara, kwana biyu bayan yunƙurin. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi dalili, Marley ta amsa, “Mutanen da ke ƙoƙari su sa duniya ta tabarbare ba sa yin hutu. Ta yaya zan iya? &quot;{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2021|reason=A reliable source for this quote isn't easy to google up, at least not for me [User:Amire80]. The source given by Wikiquote appears to be self-published and copied from Wikipedia.}} Membobin kungiyar Zap Pow sun taka rawa a matsayin kungiyar ajiyar Bob Marley a gaban taron bikin na Dubu tamanin 80,000 yayin da mambobin The Wailers har yanzu suka bata ko kuma suna buya.  &lt;ref&gt;Walker, Jeff (1980) on the cover of Zap Pow's LP ''Reggae Rules''. &lt;/ref&gt;

=== 1976–1979: Komawa zuwa Ingila ===
Bob Nesta Marley ya bar Jamaica a ƙarshen 1976, kuma bayan tsawon watanni &quot;murmurewa da rubutu&quot; baƙunci a wurin Chris Blackwell's Compass Point Studios a Nassau, Bahamas, ya isa Ingila, inda ya yi shekaru biyu a cikin ƙaura.

Yayin da yake Ingila, ya yi rikodin kundi na ''Fitowa'' da ''Kaya'' . ''Fitowa ya'' kasance a cikin kundin kundin kundin tarihin Burtaniya tsawon makonni 56 a jere. Ya haɗa da UKan wasa guda huɗu na Burtaniya: &quot;Fitowa&quot;, &quot;Jiran a ɓoye&quot;, &quot;Jamming&quot;, da &quot;Loveauna &quot; aya &quot; (wanda ke maimaita muryar Curtis Mayfield, &quot; Mutane Sun Shirya &quot;). A lokacin da yake Landan, an kama shi kuma an yanke masa hukunci kan mallakar ƙananan wiwi .  A cikin shekarar 1978, Marley ya koma Jamaica kuma ya yi wani taron kide-kide na siyasa, Loveaya daga cikin Oneaunar Zaman Lafiya, a sake ƙoƙarin kwantar da hankulan ɓangarorin da ke faɗa. Kusa da kammala aikin, bisa bukatar Marley, Michael Manley (shugaban Jam’iyyar Jama’iyya mai mulki a wancan lokacin ) da abokin hamayyarsa na siyasa Edward Seaga (shugaban Jam’iyyar Labour da ke adawa da shi ) sun hade juna a kan mataki tare da musafaha. 

A karkashin sunan Bob Marley da Wailers albums 11 aka sake su, kundaye masu rai huɗu da kuma kundi-studio bakwai. Sabbin sun hada da ''Babila ta Bus'', kundin waka sau biyu tare da waƙoƙi 13, an sake shi a cikin shekarar 1978 kuma ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci. Wannan kundin, kuma musamman waƙar ƙarshe &quot;Jamming&quot; tare da masu sauraro cikin fushi sun ɗauki ƙarfin Marley na wasan kwaikwayon kai tsaye. {{Quote box|quote=&quot;Marley wasn't singing about how peace could come easily to the World but rather how hell on Earth comes too easily too many. His songs were his memories; he had lived with the wretched, he had seen the downpressers and those whom they pressed down.&quot;|source=&amp;nbsp;– [[Mikal Gilmore]], ''[[Rolling Stone]]''&lt;ref name= Henke&gt;{{cite book|last=Henke|first=James|title=Marley Legend: An Illustrated Life of Bob Marley|year=2006|publisher=Tuff Gong Books|isbn=0-8118-5036-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|61}}|width=27%|align=right}}

=== 1979–1981: Shekarun baya ===
''Tsira'', raini ne mai cike da zargi da siyasa, an sake shi a cikin shekarar 1979. Waƙoƙi irin su &quot;Zimbabwe&quot;, &quot; Afirka gama ɗaya &quot;, &quot;Ku farka ka rayu&quot;, da kuma &quot;Tsira&quot; sun nuna goyon bayan Marley ga gwagwarmayar 'yan Afirka. Bayyanar sa a bikin Amandla a [[Boston]] a watan Yulin shekarar 1979 ya nuna tsananin adawarsa ga mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya riga ya nuna a cikin wakarsa ta &quot; War &quot; a shekara ta 1976. A farkon shekarar 1980, an gayyace shi ya yi bikin a ranar 17 ga watan Afrilu na Ranar 'Yancin [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe.]] 

''Tashin hankali'' a shekarar (1980) shi ne faifan studio na ƙarshe na Bob Marley, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryensa na addini; ya hada da &quot;Waƙar fansa&quot; da &quot; Madawwami vingaunar Jah &quot;.  ''Arangama'', wanda aka sake shi bayan shekara ta 1983, ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ba a sake su ba a cikin rayuwar Marley, gami da abin da ya faru na &quot; Buffalo Soldier &quot; da kuma sababbin cakuda marassa aure a da ana samunsu kawai a Jamaica.

== Rashin lafiya da mutuwa ==
[[File:Bob-Marley-in-Concert_Zurich_05-30-80.jpg|alt=Bob Marley singing and playing guitar at a concert in Zurich, Switzerland in 1980.|left|thumb| Marley a cikin shagali a 1980, Zürich, Switzerland]]
A watan Yulin shekarar alib 1977, Marley ya kamu da wani irin mummunan ƙwayar melanoma a ƙarƙashin ƙusar ƙafa. Akasin labarin alƙarya, wannan cutar ba ta haifar da rauni ba yayin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a wannan shekarar amma a maimakon haka alama ce ta kansar da ta riga ta kasance. Dole ne ya ga likitoci biyu kafin a yi gwajin, wanda ya tabbatar da aclan lentiginous melanoma . Ba kamar sauran melanomas ba, galibi akan fatar da ake yiwa rana, aclan lentiginous melanoma na faruwa a wuraren da ke da saukin kewarsu, kamar tafin ƙafa, ko ƙarƙashin ƙusoshin ƙafa. Kodayake shine mafi yawan cutar melanoma a cikin mutanen da ke da fata mai duhu, amma ba a san shi da yawa ba, kuma ba a ambata shi a cikin shahararren littafin likita na lokacin ba. 

Marley ya ƙi shawarar likitocinsa na yanke yatsan ƙafarsa (wanda hakan zai iya hana shi yin aikinsa), yana mai ambaton imaninsa na addini, kuma a maimakon haka, an cire ƙusa da gadon ƙusa kuma an ɗauke dutsen fata daga cinyarsa don rufe yankin. Duk da rashin lafiyarsa, ya ci gaba da rangadi kuma yana kan tsara jadawalin rangadin duniya na 1980. 

''Fitowa daga'' album din an sake shi a watan Mayu shekara ta 1980. Bandungiyar ta kammala wata babbar yawon shakatawa a Turai, inda ta taka rawa mafi girma ga mutane dubu Dari 100,000 a Milan, Italiya. Bayan yawon shakatawa Marley ya tafi Amurka, inda ya yi wasanni biyu a Madison Square Garden a cikin New York City a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tashin Tashin hankali . Ya fadi yayin da yake tsere a Central Park kuma an kai shi asibiti, inda aka gano cewa ciwon kansa ya bazu zuwa kwakwalwarsa, huhunsa, da hanta. 

Marley wasan karshe ya gudana bayan kwana biyu a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Stanley (yanzu Benedum Center For The Performing Arts ) a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, a ranar 23 ga watan Satumba 1980.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} Hoton da aka sani kawai daga wasan kwaikwayon an haɗa shi a cikin fim ɗin Kevin Macdonald na ''2012 Marley'' . 

Jim kaɗan bayan haka, lafiyar Marley ta tabarbare saboda ciwon kansa ya bazu cikin jikinsa . An soke sauran rangadin kuma Marley ta nemi magani a asibitin Josef Issels da ke Bavaria, Jamus, inda ya yi amfani da wani magani na kansa wanda ake kira magani na Issels wani ɓangare bisa guje wa wasu abinci, abubuwan sha, da sauran abubuwa. Bayan watanni takwas na rashin nasarar magance cutar kansa, Marley ya hau jirgi zuwa gidansa a Jamaica.  Yayin tafiyar Marley mahimman ayyuka sun tabarbare. Bayan saukarsa a Miami, Florida, an dauke shi zuwa Cedars na asibitin Lebanon (daga baya Jami'ar Miami Asibitin ) don kula da lafiya kai tsaye, inda ya mutu a ranar 11 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1981, yana da shekara 36, saboda yaduwar cutar melanoma a huhunsa da kwakwalwa. Maganarsa ta ƙarshe ga ɗansa Ziggy ita ce &quot;Kudi ba zai iya sayen rai ba.&quot; 

An yi wa Marley jana'izar ƙasa a Jamaica a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1981, wanda ya haɗu da abubuwa na Orthodox   da al'adar Rastafari. An binne shi a cikin ɗakin sujada kusa da mahaifarsa tare da guitar. 

A ranar 21 ga watan Mayu na shekarar 1981, firaministan kasar Jamaica Edward Seaga tsĩrar da karshe jana'izar eulogy ga Marley, ya ce:

== Wasiya ==

=== Kyauta da girmamawa ===
[[File:Denis_Bourez_-_Madame_Tussauds,_London_(8748151558).jpg|thumb| Ayyukan Marley a [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]

* 1976: ''Rolling Stone'' Band na Shekara
* Yunin 1978: An ba da Lambar Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya ta Uku daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.  {{Rp|5}}
* Fabrairu 1981: An ba da Kyautar Kyautar Jamaica, sannan girmamawa ta uku mafi girma ta ƙasar. 
* Maris 1994: An Shiga cikin Dutsen da Roll Hall na Shahara .
* 1999: Kundin karni na ''Fitowa'' daga ''Mujallar Lokaci'' . 
* Fabrairu 2001: Fitaccen tauraro a Hollywood Walk of Fame .
* Fabrairu 2001: Kyautar Grammy Life Achievement Award . 
* 2004: ''Rolling Stone ya'' sanya shi A'a. 11 a jerin su na 100 Mafi Girma Artists na Duk Lokaci. 
* 2004: Daga cikin waɗanda aka fara ba da izinin shiga zauren Kiɗa na UKasar Burtaniya
* &quot;Loveauna Daya&quot; mai suna waka ta karni ta BBC .
* An zabe shi a matsayin ɗayan manyan mawaƙan waka a kowane lokaci ta hanyar zaɓen BBC. 
* 2006: An bayyana allon shuɗi a gidansa na farko a Burtaniya a Ridgmount Gardens, London, wanda Nubian Jak Community Trust ta ba shi kuma Ofishin Kasashen waje da na Commonwealth ya tallafa masa.  
* 2010: ''Kama Wuta da aka'' shigar a cikin Grammy Hall of Fame (Reggae Album). 

=== Sauran haraji ===
[[File:Bob_Marley_-_Statue_-_Kingston_-_Jamaica.jpg|thumb| Marley mutum-mutumi a Kingston]]
An ƙaddamar da mutum-mutumi, kusa da filin wasa na ƙasa a Arthur Wint Drive a Kingston don tunawa da shi.  A cikin shekarar 2006, Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Birnin New York sun hada-baki da wani bangare na hanyar Avenue daga Remsen Avenue zuwa East 98th Street a cikin East Flatbush na Brooklyn a matsayin &quot;Bob Marley Boulevard&quot;.   A cikin shekarar 2008, an ƙaddamar da mutum-mutumin Bob Marley a Banatski Sokolac, Serbia. 

Bangaren kasa da kasa, sakon Bob Marley har ilayau yana ci gaba da bayyana a tsakanin al'ummomi daban-daban na asali. Misali, mutanen Aboriginal na Ostiraliya suna ci gaba da cinna wata wuta mai tsarki don girmama shi a cikin Victoria Park na Sydney, yayin da membobin Asalin Amurka Hopi da kabilun Havasupai suke girmama aikinsa.  {{Rp|5}} Hakanan akwai kyaututtuka da yawa ga Bob Marley a duk faɗin Indiya, gami da gidajen cin abinci, otal-otal, da bukukuwan al'adu.  

Bob Marley ya samo asali ne zuwa wata alama ta duniya, wacce aka siyar da ita har abada ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai da yawa. Dangane da wannan ne, marubucin Dave Thompson a cikin littafinsa ''Reggae da Music na Caribbean'', ya koka da abin da ya gani na zama sassaucin kasuwanci na Marley wanda ya fi ƙarfin mayaƙa, yana mai cewa:

Yawancin gyare-gyare na fim sun samo asali kuma. Misali, dogon shirin da aka gabatar game da rayuwarsa, ''Rebel Music'', ya sami kyaututtuka daban-daban a Grammys . Tare da gudummawa daga Rita, The Wailers, da kuma masoyan Marley da yara, shi ma yana ba da labarin sosai a cikin nasa kalmomin.  A watan Fabrairun shekarar 2008, darekta Martin Scorsese ya sanar da aniyarsa ta shirya fim din Marley. An saita fim ɗin a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2010, a kan abin da zai kasance ranar haihuwar Marley ta 65.  Koyaya, Scorsese ya daina aiki saboda matsalolin tsarawa. Jonathan Demme ne ya maye gurbinsa,  wanda ya daina aiki saboda bambancin kirkira tare da furodusa Steve Bing a lokacin farkon gyara. Kevin Macdonald ya maye gurbin Demme  kuma an sake fim din, ''Marley'' a ranar 20 Afrilu 2012 .  A shekara ta 2011, tsohuwar budurwa kuma mai shirya fim Esther Anderson, tare da Gian Godoy, sun yi shirin fim din ''Bob Marley: The Making of a Legend'', wanda aka fara a Edinburgh International Film Festival . 

A watan Oktoban shekarar 2015, marubucin dan Jamaica Marlon James ' ''A Brief History of Bakwai Kashe-kashe'', wani kirkirarren labari ne na yunƙurin kisan Marley, ya sami lambar yabo ta Man Booker ta 2015 a wani bikin da aka yi a Landan. 

A watan Fabrairun shekarar 2020, ''mawaki ya tashi tsaye !,'' marubuci Lee Hall ne ya sanar da labarin Bob Marley da darakta Dominic Cooke, tare da Arinzé Kene a matsayin Bob Marley. Za a buɗe shi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lyric da ke Landan a cikin watan Oktoba shekarar 2021, bayan da aka ɗage daga ainihin farkon watan Fabrairu saboda annobar COVID-19 .

== Rayuwar mutum ==

=== Addini ===

Bob Marley ya kasance memba na wasu shekaru na kungiyar [[Rastafari]], wanda al'adunsa suka kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci na ci gaban reggae. Ya zama mai himma wajen nuna goyon baya ga Rastafari, tare da fitar da kide-kide daga yankunan da jama'a ke fama da talauci a Jamaica da zuwa fagen wakokin duniya. Ya taɓa ba da amsa mai zuwa, wanda yake na al'ada, ga tambayar da aka yi masa yayin wata hira da aka yi rikodin:
 
Akbishop Abuna Yesehaq ya yi wa Bob Marley baftisma a cikin Cocin Orthodox na Habasha, ya ba shi suna Berhane Selassie, a ranar 4 ga Watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1980, jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa.

=== Iyali ===
Bob Marley ya auri Alpharita Constantia &quot;Rita&quot; Anderson a Kingston, Jamaica, a ranar 10 ga Watan Fabrairu shekarar 1966.  Marley yana da 'ya'ya da yawa: guda huɗu tare da matarsa Rita, biyu waɗanda aka karɓa daga dangantakar da ta gabata da Rita, kuma wasu da yawa tare da mata daban-daban. Tashar yanar gizon Bob Marley ta yarda da yara 11.

Wadanda aka lissafa a shafin hukuma sune: 

# Sharon, an haife shi ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1964, 'yar Rita daga dangantakar da ta gabata amma sai Marley ya karɓa bayan aurensa da Rita
# Cedella, an haife ta 23 ga Agusta 1967, ga Rita
# David &quot;Ziggy&quot;, an haife shi 17 ga Oktoba 1968, ga Rita
# Stephen, an haife shi a 20 Afrilu 1972, ga Rita
# Robert &quot;Robbie&quot;, an haife shi 16 Mayu 1972, ga Pat Williams
# Rohan, an haife shi 19 Mayu 1972, ga Janet Hunt
# Karen, an haife ta 1973 zuwa Janet Bowen
# Stephanie, an haife shi 17 ga watan Agusta 1974; a cewar Cedella Booker ita 'yar Rita ce kuma wani mutum ne da ake kira Ital wanda Rita ta yi tarayya da shi; duk da haka, an yarda da ita a matsayin 'yar Bob
# Julian, an haife ta 4 Yuni 1975, zuwa Lucy Pounder
# Ky-Mani, an haife shi 26 Fabrairu 1976, ga Anita Belnavis
# Damian, an haife shi 21 ga Yuli 1978, zuwa Cindy Breakspeare

Sauran rukunin yanar gizon sun lura da ƙarin mutanen da ke da'awar cewa su 'yan uwa ne,  kamar yadda aka gani a ƙasa:

* An haifi Makeda a ranar 30 ga watan  Mayu shekarar 1981, ga Yvette Crichton, bayan mutuwar Marley. Littafin Meredith Dixon ya lissafa ta a matsayin ɗiyar Marley, amma ba a lasafta ta haka a cikin gidan yanar gizon Bob Marley ba.
* Shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban, misali, kuma sun lissafa Imani Carole, an haife shi ranar 22 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1963 ga Cheryl Murray; amma ba ta bayyana a shafin yanar gizon Bob Marley ba. 

Marley kuma tana da jikoki uku sanannu, mawaƙa Tsallake Marley, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka Nico Marley da ƙirar Selah Marley .

=== Kungiyar kwallon kafa ===

=== Ra'ayoyin mutum ===

==== Pan-Afirka ====
[[File:Bob Marley &amp; The Wailing Wailers Zürich Com L29-0351-0005-0003.tif|thumb|Bob Marley]]
Bob Marley ɗan asalin Afirka ne kuma ya yi imani da haɗin kan mutanen Afirka a duk duniya. Abubuwan da ya yi imani da su sun samo asali ne daga imaninsa na Rastafari. Marcus Garvey ne ya yi masa kwarin gwiwa sosai, kuma yana da maganganu masu adawa da mulkin mallaka da kuma nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka a cikin yawancin waƙoƙinsa, irin su &quot; Zimbabwe &quot;, &quot;Fitowa&quot;, &quot;Tsira&quot;, &quot;Redmanption Blackman&quot;, da &quot; Waƙar Fansa &quot;. &quot;Waƙar Redemption&quot; ta sami tasiri daga jawabin da Marcus Garvey ya bayar a Nova Scotia, shekarar 1937. Marley ta tabbatar da cewa 'yancin kan kasashen Afirka daga mamayar Turai nasara ce ga duk wadanda ke cikin kasashen Afirka. A cikin waƙar &quot;Afirka gama ɗaya&quot;, ya rera waƙoƙi ne na son dukkan al'ummomin ƙasashen Afirka da su taru su yaƙi &quot;Babila&quot; makamancin haka, a cikin wakar &quot;Zimbabwe&quot;, ya nuna 'yanci ga dukkan nahiyar Afirka, kuma yana kira ga hadin kai tsakanin dukkan' yan Afirka, ciki da wajen Afirka.

==== Cannabis ====
Bob Marley ta dauki wiwi a matsayin ciyawar warkarwa, &quot;sacrament&quot;, da kuma &quot;taimako ga tunani&quot;; ya goyi bayan halatta maganin. Ya yi tunanin cewa amfani da wiwi ya zama sananne a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki, karanta wurare kamar Zabura 104: 14 kamar nuna yarda da amfani da shi.  Marley ya fara amfani da wiwi lokacin da ya koma addinin Rastafari daga Katolika a shekarar 1966. An kama shi a cikin shekara ta 1968 bayan an kama shi da wiwi amma ya ci gaba da shan wiwi bisa ga imaninsa na addini. Game da shan tabar wiwi, ya ce, &quot;Lokacin da kuke shan ganye, ganye ya bayyana kanku gare ku. Duk muguntar da kake yi, ganye ya bayyana kansa, lamirinka, ya nuna kanka a sarari, saboda ganye yana sa ka yin tunani. Ising ne kawai na halitta kuma yana girma kamar bishiya. Marley ya ga amfani da wiwi a matsayin muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga ci gaban addini da alaƙa da Jah, kuma a matsayin wata hanya ta falsafa da zama mai hikima.

== Binciken ==

=== Faifan Studio ===

* ''Masu Wailing Wailers'' (1965)
* ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Yan Tawayen Rai'' (1970)
* ''Juyin Juya Hali'' (1971)
* ''Mafi Kyawun Masu Wailers'' (1971)
* ''Kama Wuta'' (1973)
* ''Burnin ''' (1973)
* ''Natty Dread'' (1974)
* ''Faɗakarwar Rastaman'' (1976)
* ''Fitowa'' (1977)
* ''Kaya'' (1978)
* ''Tsira'' (1979)
* ''Tashewa'' (1980)
* ''Rikici'' (1983)

=== Kundaye kai tsaye ===

* ''Kai tsaye!'' (1975)
* ''Babila ta Bus'' (1978)

== Duba kuma ==

* Lokacin kundi
* Shafin Bob Marley
* Jerin masu gwagwarmayar zaman lafiya
* Fabian Marley
* ''Desis bobmarleyi'' - wani nau'in gizo-gizo ne dake cikin ruwa mai suna don girmama Marley

== Manazarta ==
 

=== Majiya ===

== Kara karantawa ==

* {{Official website|http://www.bobmarley.com/}} 
* Bob Marley  
* {{Curlie|Arts/Music/Bands_and_Artists/M/Marley%2C_Bob/}}  
* [https://www.discogs.com/artist/41441-Bob-Marley Bob Marley] a Discogs
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[[Fayil:Bob Marley 1976 press photo.jpg|thumb|Bob Marley]]
[[Fayil:Bob-Marley 3 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Bob Marley]]
'''Robert Nesta Marley''' (An haife shi 6 ga watan Fabrairu, Shekara ta 1945 - ya mutu 11 Mayu, 1981)  ya kasance mawaƙin [[Jamaica]], mai rubutawa da kuma rera waƙa. A dukkan shekara idan ranar mutuwarsa ta zagayo, mashaya suna kiranta da suna &quot;Marli=day&quot;,  Ɗauke ɗayan ɗayan masu farauta na reggae, aikinsa na kiɗa yana da alamun abubuwa masu haɗuwa na reggae, ska, da rocksteady, da kuma sautinsa na musamman da salon waƙoƙi. Gudummawar Marley ga kiɗa ta ƙara waƙoƙin Jamaica a duniya gabaɗaya, kuma ya sanya shi ya zama babban mutum a cikin al'adun gargajiya sama da shekaru goma.   A tsawon aikinsa Marley ya zama sananne ne a matsayin [[Rastafari]] icon, kuma ya sanya waƙarsa da ma'anar ruhaniya.  Hakanan kuma ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin alama ta duniya ta waƙar Jamaica da al'adu da asali, kuma ya kasance mai jayayya a cikin goyon bayan da ya nuna game da halatta marijuana, yayin da ya kuma yi kira ga Pan-Africanism . 

Haihuwar Maril a Nine Mile, Jamaica ta Biritaniya, Marley ya fara aikinsa na kide-kide a shekarar 1963, bayan ya kafa Bob Marley da Wailers . Releasedungiyar ta fitar da kundi na farko na ''sutudiyo mai suna The Wailing Wailers'' a shekarar 1965, wanda ke ɗauke da waƙoƙin &quot;Loveauna Daya / Mutane Suna Shirya &quot;; wakar ta shahara a duk duniya, kuma ta kafa kungiyar a matsayin masu tashe a reggae.  Daga baya Wailers sun sake fitar da faya-fayan ɗawainiya guda goma sha; yayin da farko suka fara amfani da kayan kida da rera waka, kungiyar ta fara tsunduma cikin aikin rera waka a karshen shekarun 1960s da farkon 1970s, wanda yayi daidai da sauyawar mawakiyar zuwa [[Rastafari]] . A wannan lokacin Marley ta ƙaura zuwa [[Landan|London]], kuma ƙungiyar ta haɗa da canje canjen su tare da fitowar  kundin ''Mafi Kyawun Wailers'' (1971). 

Ungiyar ta sami nasarar ƙasa da ƙasa bayan ''fitowar kundin faifai Kama da Wuta'' da ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;''' (duka 1973), kuma sun ƙirƙiri suna kamar masu zane-zane. Bayan watsewar Wailers shekara guda daga baya, Marley ya ci gaba da sakin kayan aikinsa ƙarƙashin sunan ƙungiyar. ''Faifan faifan'' fim din sa na farko Natty Dread (1974) ya sami kyakkyawar tarba, kamar yadda mai biyewa ''Rastaman Vibration'' (1976) yayi. Bayan 'yan watanni da fitar da kundin wakokin Marley ya tsallake yunkurin kisan kai a gidansa da ke Jamaica, wanda hakan ya sa shi komawa Landan din din din. A lokacin da yake Landan ya yi rikodin kundin ''fitarwa'' (1977); ya ƙunshi abubuwan da suka haɗa da shuɗi, ruhu, da dutsen Burtaniya kuma sun sami fa'idar kasuwanci da babbar nasara.

A cikin shekarar alib na 1977, Marley ya kamu da cutar acral lentiginous melanoma ; ya mutu sakamakon rashin lafiya a shekarar 1981. Masoyan sa a duk fadin duniya sun nuna alhinin su, kuma ya samu jana'izar kasa a Jamaica. An saki mafi girman kundin ''Tarihi na Tarihi'' a cikin shekara ta 1984, kuma ya zama mafi kyawun kundin reggae na kowane lokaci . Marley shima ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu kiɗan kiɗa a kowane lokaci, tare da ƙididdigar tallace-tallace sama da rubuce miliyan 75 a duk duniya.  Jamaica ta girmama shi bayan rasuwa jim kaɗan da mutuwarsa tare da tsara alfarmar girmamawa daga alummarsa. A cikin shekarar ta 1994, an saka shi cikin Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . ''Rolling Stone ya'' sanya shi A'a. 11 a cikin jerin 100 Mafi Girma Artan wasa na kowane lokaci .

== Farkon rayuwa da aiki ==
[[File:Bob-Marley.jpg|thumb|Bob Marley yana waka]]
An haifi Robert Nesta Marley a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1945 a gonar kakan mahaifiyarsa a Nine Mile, Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica, zuwa Norval Sinclair Marley da Cedella Malcolm .  Norval Marley ya fito ne daga Crowborough, East Sussex a Ingila,  sannan mazaunin Clarendon Parish,  wanda dangin sa suka ce asalin su yahudawan Siriya ne su ma.   &lt;ref&gt;Cahyaningtyas, Setyo. 2011. &lt;/ref&gt; Norval ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya kasance kyaftin a Royal Marines ;  a lokacin aurensa da Cedella Malcolm, wani ɗan Afro-Jamaica a lokacin yana ɗan shekara 18, an ɗauke shi aiki a matsayin mai kula da shukar. Cikakken sunan Bob Marley shine Robert Nesta Marley, kodayake wasu kafofin sun sanya sunan haihuwarsa a matsayin Nesta Robert Marley, tare da labarin cewa lokacin da Marley ke yarinya karama wani jami'in fasfo din Jamaica ya sauya sunayensa na farko da na tsakiya saboda Nesta ya yi kama da sunan yarinya.   Norval ya ba da tallafin kuɗi don matarsa da ɗansa amma ba safai yake ganinsu ba kamar yadda baya yawan zuwa. Bob Marley ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Stepney da kuma karamar makarantar sakandare wacce ke hidiman yankin da ake kamawa na Saint Ann A shekarar na 1955, lokacin da Bob Marley ke da shekaru 10, mahaifinsa ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya yana da shekara 70. Mahaifiyar Marley daga baya ta auri Edward Booker, wani ma'aikacin gwamnati daga Amurka, yana ba Marley 'yan uwan biyu: Richard da Anthony.  

Bob Marley da Neville Livingston (daga baya aka sani da Bunny Wailer ) sun kasance abokai yara a Nine Mile. Sun fara yin waƙa tare yayin da suke Stepney Primary da Junior High School.  Marley ya bar Mil Mili tara tare da mahaifiyarsa lokacin da yake 12 kuma suka koma Trenchtown, Kingston. Ita da Thadeus Livingston (mahaifin Bunny Wailer) suna da 'ya mace tare wanda suka sa mata suna Claudette Pearl, wacce kanwa ce ga Bob da Bunny duka. Yanzu da Marley da Livingston suke zaune a cikin gida ɗaya a Trenchtown, bincikensu na kide-kide ya zurfafa don haɗa da R&amp;B na baya-bayan nan daga gidajen rediyo na Amurka wanda watsa shirye-shiryensu suka isa Jamaica, da sabon kiɗan ska. Matsayin zuwa Trenchtown ya kasance mai wadatar gaske, kuma Marley ba da daɗewa ba ya sami kansa cikin ƙungiyar murya tare da Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh, Beverley Kelso da Junior Braithwaite . Joe Higgs, wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na nasarar rawar murya Higgs da Wilson, suna zaune a ranar 3 ta St., kuma tsohuwar mai suna Junior Braithwaite ta tashi tare da abokin wasan sa Roy Wilson. Higgs da Wilson za su sake yin atisaye a bayan gidajen tsakanin titin 2 da na 3, kuma ba da daɗewa ba, Marley (da ke zaune yanzu a kan 2nd St.), Junior Braithwaite da sauran sun taru a kusa da wannan nasarar da suka samu.  Marley da sauran ba su buga kowane kayan kida ba a wannan lokacin, kuma sun fi sha'awar zama kungiyar hadin kai ta murya. Higgs ya yi farin cikin taimaka musu wajen haɓaka jituwarsu, kodayake mafi mahimmanci, ya fara koya wa Marley yadda ake kaɗa guitar - ta haka ne zai samar da gado wanda daga baya zai ba Bob Marley damar gina wasu waƙoƙin reggae mafi girma a tarihin tarihin salo

== Ayyukan waƙa ==
[[File:Bob Marley at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|Bob Marley a Madame Tussads dake garin London]]
A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1962, Marley ya yi rikodin waƙoƙi huɗu, &quot; Ba Alƙali Ba &quot;, &quot;Kofi Oneaya Na Kofi&quot;, &quot;Har Yanzu Kuna Loveauna Na?&quot; da &quot;Terror&quot;, a Federal Studios don mai samar da kiɗa na cikin gida Leslie Kong .  Uku daga cikin waƙoƙin an sake su ne a kan Beverley tare da &quot;Kofi ɗaya na Kofi&quot; wanda aka sake su a ƙarƙashin sunan ɓoye Bobby Martell. 

A cikin shekarar ta 1963, Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh, Junior Braithwaite, Beverley Kelso, da Cherry Smith an kira su Matasa. Daga baya suka canza sunan zuwa Wailing Rudeboys, sannan suka koma Wailing Wailers, a wanna lokacin ne furodusa mai rikodin Coxsone Dodd ne ya gano su, daga ƙarshe kuma suka koma Wailers. Singleaurarsu ɗaya &quot; Simmer Down &quot; don alamar Coxsone ta zama ɗan ƙasar Jamaica na Februaryaya a cikin watan Fabrairu shekarar 1964 suna siyar da kimanin kwafi 70,000.  Wailers, yanzu suna yin rikodin Studio One a kai a kai, sun sami kansu suna aiki tare da fitattun mawaƙa na Jamaica kamar Ernest Ranglin (mai tsara &quot;It Hurts To Be Alone&quot;), &lt;ref name=&quot;Taylor&quot;&gt;[http://unitedreggae.com/articles/n886/021112/interview-ernest-ranglin-part-1 Ranglin Interview with Angus Taylor (11 February 2011).] &lt;/ref&gt; masanin keyboard Jackie Mittoo da saxophonist Roland Alphonso. Zuwa shekarar 1966, Braithwaite, Kelso, da Smith sun bar Wailers, sun bar manyan ukun Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, da Peter Tosh. 

A cikin shekarar 1966, Marley ya auri Rita Anderson, kuma ya koma kusa da gidan mahaifiyarsa a Wilmington, Delaware, a cikin Amurka na wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, a lokacin da ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da taimako na dakin gwaje-gwaje na DuPont kuma a layin taron a wani gidan Chrysler da ke kusa da Newark, karkashin laƙabi da Donald Marley. 

Kodayake Marley ya tashi a matsayin Katolika, Marley ya sami sha'awar [[Rastafari|imani na Rastafari]] a cikin 1960s, lokacin da yake nesa da tasirin mahaifiyarsa.  Bayan dawowarsa Jamaica, Marley bisa tsari ya canza zuwa Rastafari kuma ya fara yin katako .

Bayan rashin jituwa ta kuɗi da Dodd, Marley da ƙungiyarsa suka haɗa kai tare da Lee &quot;Scratch&quot; Perry da rukunin studio, Upsetters . Kodayake ƙawancen bai wuce shekara guda ba, sun yi rikodin abin da mutane da yawa ke ɗauka mafi kyawun aikin Wailers. Marley da Perry sun rarrabu bayan takaddama game da sanya haƙƙin rakodi, amma za su ci gaba da aiki tare. 

A shekarar 1969 ya kawo wani canji ga mashahurin kiɗan Jamaica wanda ƙwanƙwasa ya ragu har ma da ƙari. Sabuwar kidan ya kasance sannu a hankali, kwari, alamar amo wanda aka fara ji a waƙar The Maytals &quot;Do the Reggay .&quot; Marley ta tunkari furodusa Leslie Kong, wanda aka ɗauka ɗayan manyan masu haɓaka sautin reggae. Don rikodin, Kong ya haɗu da Wailers tare da mawaƙan sautuka da ake kira Beverley's All-Stars, wanda ya ƙunshi mawaƙa Lloyd Parks da Jackie Jackson, ɗan wasan kidan Paul Douglas, 'yan wasan madannin Gladstone Anderson da Winston Wright, da kuma guitar guitar Rad Bryan, Lynn Taitt, da Hux Brown.  Kamar yadda David Moskowitz ya rubuta, &quot;Waƙoƙin da aka ɗauka a cikin wannan zaman sun kwatanta ƙoƙarin farko na Wailers a cikin sabon salon reggae. Kahon ska da waƙoƙin saxophone na waƙoƙin da suka gabata sun tafi, tare da hutu da kayan aiki yanzu ana amfani da guitar guitar. &quot; Za a sake waƙoƙin da aka yi rikodin azaman kundin album ''na Mafi Kyawun Wan Wailers'', gami da waƙoƙin &quot;Soul Shakedown Party,&quot; &quot;Dakatar da Wannan Jirgin,&quot; &quot;Tsanaki,&quot; &quot;Ku Faɗa Kan Dutse,&quot; &quot;Ba da Daɗewa Ba Ku Zo,&quot; &quot;Can ' t Ka Gani, &quot;&quot; Soaukan Rai, &quot;&quot; Yi Murna, &quot;&quot; Baya Baya, &quot;Da&quot; Yi Sau Biyu &quot;. 
[[File:Bob_Marley_apartment_in_London.jpg|alt=Exterior of Bob Marley's apartment building in London.|thumb| Gidan Bob Marley a cikin 1972 a 34 Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, London]]
Tsakanin shekarar 1968 da shekarar 1972, Bob da Rita Marley, Peter Tosh da Bunny Wailer sun sake yanke wasu tsofaffin waƙoƙi tare da JAD Records a Kingston da [[Landan|London]] a ƙoƙarin kasuwancin sautin Wailers. Bunny daga baya ya tabbatar da cewa waɗannan waƙoƙin &quot;bai kamata a sake su ba a cikin faifai ba ... kawai demos ne don kamfanonin rakodi su saurara&quot;. A cikin shekarar1968, Bob da Rita sun ziyarci marubucin waƙa Jimmy Norman a gidansa da ke Bronx. Norman ya rubuta kalmomin da aka tsawaita don Kai Winding 's &quot;Time Is on My Side&quot; (wanda Rolling Stones ya rufe) kuma ya kuma rubuta wa Johnny Nash da Jimi Hendrix.  Zama na jam na kwana uku tare da Norman da wasu, gami da marubucin marubucin Norman Al Pyfrom, ya haifar da faifai na minti 24 na Marley yana yin nasa da yawa da kuma na Norman-Pyfrom. Wannan tef din, a cewar mai kula da tarihin Reggae Roger Steffens, ba safai ake samun hakan ba saboda tasirin shi ya mamaye shi maimakon na reggae, a wani bangare na kokarin karya Marley cikin jadawalin Amurka.  A cewar wata kasida a ''The New York Times'', Marley ta yi gwaji a kan tef din da sautuka daban-daban, ta hanyar daukar salon doo-wop a kan &quot;Ku Kasance Tare Da Ni&quot; da &quot;salon wakar sannu a hankali na masu fasahar shekarar 1960&quot; a kan &quot;Splish for My Splash&quot;.  Mai zane-zane har yanzu bai samu damar kafa kansa ba a wajen ƙasar Jamaica, Marley ya zauna a cikin Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, a lokacin shekarar 1972. 

=== 1972–1974: Matsar zuwa rikodin din Tsibiri ===
A cikin shekarar 1972, Bob Marley ya sanya hannu tare da CBS Records a London kuma ya fara rangadin Burtaniya tare da mawaƙin rai Johnny Nash . Yayinda suke Landan, Wailers sun nemi manajan hanyarsu Brent Clarke da ya gabatar da su ga Chris Blackwell, wanda ya ba da lasisin wasu abubuwan da Coxsone ya fitar don rikodin Island Records . Wailers sun yi niyyar tattauna batun masarauta da ke tattare da waɗannan sakewar; maimakon haka, taron ya haifar da tayin ci gaban £ 4,000 don yin rikodin kundi. Tun Jimmy Cliff, babban tauraron reggae na tsibiri, kwanan nan ya bar lakabin, Blackwell ya kasance don maye gurbinsa. A cikin Marley, Blackwell ya fahimci abubuwan da ake buƙata don tarkon masu sauraron dutsen: “Ina ma'amala da kiɗan dutsen, wanda da gaske waƙar tawaye ne. Na ji hakan zai iya zama silar fasa kidan Jamaica. Amma kuna buƙatar wanda zai iya zama wannan hoton. Lokacin da Bob ya shiga ciki ainihin hoton ne. ”  Wailers sun dawo Jamaica don yin rikodi a Harry J's a Kingston, wanda ya haifar da kundin ''Catch a Fire'' .

Primarily recorded on an eight-track, ''Catch a Fire'' marked the first time a reggae band had access to a state-of-the-art studio and were accorded the same care as their rock 'n' roll peers. Blackwell desired to create &quot;more of a drifting, hypnotic-type feel than a reggae rhythm&quot;, and restructured Marley's mixes and arrangements. Marley travelled to London to supervise Blackwell's overdubbing of the album which included tempering the mix from the bass-heavy sound of Jamaican music and omitting two tracks.

During this period, Blackwell gifted his Kingston residence and company headquarters at 56 Hope Road (then known as Island House) to Marley. Housing Tuff Gong Studios, the property became not only Marley's office but also his home.

An shirya Masu Wailers ɗin za su buɗe wasanni 17 a Amurka don Sly da Dutsen Iyali . Bayan wasanni hudu, an kori ƙungiyar saboda sun fi shahara fiye da ayyukan da suke buɗewa. Wailers ya watse a cikin 1974, tare da kowane ɗayan manyan membobin uku suna neman aikin solo.

=== 1974–1976: Canje-canje na layi da harbi ===
[[File:Bob-marley-wailers-crystal-palace.jpg|alt=A crowd of people standing in water and listening to a band perform on stage|left|thumb| Bob Marley &amp; da Wailers suna zaune a Crystal Palace Bowl a kudu maso gabashin London, yayin Tashin Tashin hankali]]
Despite the break-up, Marley continued recording as &quot;Bob Marley &amp; The Wailers&quot;. His new backing band included brothers Carlton and Aston &quot;Family Man&quot; Barrett on drums and bass respectively, Junior Marvin and Al Anderson on lead guitar, Tyrone Downie and Earl &quot;Wya&quot; Lindo on keyboards, and Alvin &quot;Seeco&quot; Patterson on percussion. The &quot;I Threes&quot;, consisting of Judy Mowatt, Marcia Griffiths, and Marley's wife, Rita, provided backing vocals. In 1975, Marley had his international breakthrough with his first hit outside Jamaica, with a live version of &quot;No Woman, No Cry&quot;, from the ''Live!'' album. This was followed by his breakthrough album in the United States, ''Rastaman Vibration'' (1976), which reached the Top 50 of the Billboard Soul Charts.

A ranar 3 ga watan Disambar shekarar 1976, kwana biyu kafin &quot; Murmushi Jamaica &quot;, wani baje kolin kyauta da Firayim Ministan Jamaica Michael Manley ya shirya a kokarin sasanta tashin hankali tsakanin ƙungiyoyin siyasa biyu masu faɗa, Marley, matarsa, da manajansa Don Taylor sun ji rauni a harin ta wasu 'yan bindiga da ba a san su ba a cikin gidan Marley. Matar Taylor da matar Marley sun sami munanan raunuka amma daga baya suka murmure. Bob Marley ya sami ƙananan raunuka a kirji da hannu.  Yunkurin kashe shi ana tunanin yana da nasaba da siyasa, yayin da mutane da yawa ke ganin shagalin da gaske taron nuna goyon baya ne ga Manley. Ko ta yaya, waƙar ta ci gaba, kuma Marley da ya ji rauni ya yi kamar yadda aka tsara, kwana biyu bayan yunƙurin. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi dalili, Marley ta amsa, “Mutanen da ke ƙoƙari su sa duniya ta tabarbare ba sa yin hutu. Ta yaya zan iya? &quot;{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2021|reason=A reliable source for this quote isn't easy to google up, at least not for me [User:Amire80]. The source given by Wikiquote appears to be self-published and copied from Wikipedia.}} Membobin kungiyar Zap Pow sun taka rawa a matsayin kungiyar ajiyar Bob Marley a gaban taron bikin na Dubu tamanin 80,000 yayin da mambobin The Wailers har yanzu suka bata ko kuma suna buya.  &lt;ref&gt;Walker, Jeff (1980) on the cover of Zap Pow's LP ''Reggae Rules''. &lt;/ref&gt;

=== 1976–1979: Komawa zuwa Ingila ===
Bob Nesta Marley ya bar Jamaica a ƙarshen 1976, kuma bayan tsawon watanni &quot;murmurewa da rubutu&quot; baƙunci a wurin Chris Blackwell's Compass Point Studios a Nassau, Bahamas, ya isa Ingila, inda ya yi shekaru biyu a cikin ƙaura.

Yayin da yake Ingila, ya yi rikodin kundi na ''Fitowa'' da ''Kaya'' . ''Fitowa ya'' kasance a cikin kundin kundin kundin tarihin Burtaniya tsawon makonni 56 a jere. Ya haɗa da UKan wasa guda huɗu na Burtaniya: &quot;Fitowa&quot;, &quot;Jiran a ɓoye&quot;, &quot;Jamming&quot;, da &quot;Loveauna &quot; aya &quot; (wanda ke maimaita muryar Curtis Mayfield, &quot; Mutane Sun Shirya &quot;). A lokacin da yake Landan, an kama shi kuma an yanke masa hukunci kan mallakar ƙananan wiwi .  A cikin shekarar 1978, Marley ya koma Jamaica kuma ya yi wani taron kide-kide na siyasa, Loveaya daga cikin Oneaunar Zaman Lafiya, a sake ƙoƙarin kwantar da hankulan ɓangarorin da ke faɗa. Kusa da kammala aikin, bisa bukatar Marley, Michael Manley (shugaban Jam’iyyar Jama’iyya mai mulki a wancan lokacin ) da abokin hamayyarsa na siyasa Edward Seaga (shugaban Jam’iyyar Labour da ke adawa da shi ) sun hade juna a kan mataki tare da musafaha. 

A karkashin sunan Bob Marley da Wailers albums 11 aka sake su, kundaye masu rai huɗu da kuma kundi-studio bakwai. Sabbin sun hada da ''Babila ta Bus'', kundin waka sau biyu tare da waƙoƙi 13, an sake shi a cikin shekarar 1978 kuma ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci. Wannan kundin, kuma musamman waƙar ƙarshe &quot;Jamming&quot; tare da masu sauraro cikin fushi sun ɗauki ƙarfin Marley na wasan kwaikwayon kai tsaye. {{Quote box|quote=&quot;Marley wasn't singing about how peace could come easily to the World but rather how hell on Earth comes too easily too many. His songs were his memories; he had lived with the wretched, he had seen the downpressers and those whom they pressed down.&quot;|source=&amp;nbsp;– [[Mikal Gilmore]], ''[[Rolling Stone]]''&lt;ref name= Henke&gt;{{cite book|last=Henke|first=James|title=Marley Legend: An Illustrated Life of Bob Marley|year=2006|publisher=Tuff Gong Books|isbn=0-8118-5036-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|61}}|width=27%|align=right}}

=== 1979–1981: Shekarun baya ===
''Tsira'', raini ne mai cike da zargi da siyasa, an sake shi a cikin shekarar 1979. Waƙoƙi irin su &quot;Zimbabwe&quot;, &quot; Afirka gama ɗaya &quot;, &quot;Ku farka ka rayu&quot;, da kuma &quot;Tsira&quot; sun nuna goyon bayan Marley ga gwagwarmayar 'yan Afirka. Bayyanar sa a bikin Amandla a [[Boston]] a watan Yulin shekarar 1979 ya nuna tsananin adawarsa ga mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya riga ya nuna a cikin wakarsa ta &quot; War &quot; a shekara ta 1976. A farkon shekarar 1980, an gayyace shi ya yi bikin a ranar 17 ga watan Afrilu na Ranar 'Yancin [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe.]] 

''Tashin hankali'' a shekarar (1980) shi ne faifan studio na ƙarshe na Bob Marley, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryensa na addini; ya hada da &quot;Waƙar fansa&quot; da &quot; Madawwami vingaunar Jah &quot;.  ''Arangama'', wanda aka sake shi bayan shekara ta 1983, ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ba a sake su ba a cikin rayuwar Marley, gami da abin da ya faru na &quot; Buffalo Soldier &quot; da kuma sababbin cakuda marassa aure a da ana samunsu kawai a Jamaica.

== Rashin lafiya da mutuwa ==
[[File:Bob-Marley-in-Concert_Zurich_05-30-80.jpg|alt=Bob Marley singing and playing guitar at a concert in Zurich, Switzerland in 1980.|left|thumb| Marley a cikin shagali a 1980, Zürich, Switzerland]]
A watan Yulin shekarar alib 1977, Marley ya kamu da wani irin mummunan ƙwayar melanoma a ƙarƙashin ƙusar ƙafa. Akasin labarin alƙarya, wannan cutar ba ta haifar da rauni ba yayin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a wannan shekarar amma a maimakon haka alama ce ta kansar da ta riga ta kasance. Dole ne ya ga likitoci biyu kafin a yi gwajin, wanda ya tabbatar da aclan lentiginous melanoma . Ba kamar sauran melanomas ba, galibi akan fatar da ake yiwa rana, aclan lentiginous melanoma na faruwa a wuraren da ke da saukin kewarsu, kamar tafin ƙafa, ko ƙarƙashin ƙusoshin ƙafa. Kodayake shine mafi yawan cutar melanoma a cikin mutanen da ke da fata mai duhu, amma ba a san shi da yawa ba, kuma ba a ambata shi a cikin shahararren littafin likita na lokacin ba. 

Marley ya ƙi shawarar likitocinsa na yanke yatsan ƙafarsa (wanda hakan zai iya hana shi yin aikinsa), yana mai ambaton imaninsa na addini, kuma a maimakon haka, an cire ƙusa da gadon ƙusa kuma an ɗauke dutsen fata daga cinyarsa don rufe yankin. Duk da rashin lafiyarsa, ya ci gaba da rangadi kuma yana kan tsara jadawalin rangadin duniya na 1980. 

''Fitowa daga'' album din an sake shi a watan Mayu shekara ta 1980. Bandungiyar ta kammala wata babbar yawon shakatawa a Turai, inda ta taka rawa mafi girma ga mutane dubu Dari 100,000 a Milan, Italiya. Bayan yawon shakatawa Marley ya tafi Amurka, inda ya yi wasanni biyu a Madison Square Garden a cikin New York City a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tashin Tashin hankali . Ya fadi yayin da yake tsere a Central Park kuma an kai shi asibiti, inda aka gano cewa ciwon kansa ya bazu zuwa kwakwalwarsa, huhunsa, da hanta. 

Marley wasan karshe ya gudana bayan kwana biyu a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Stanley (yanzu Benedum Center For The Performing Arts ) a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, a ranar 23 ga watan Satumba 1980.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} Hoton da aka sani kawai daga wasan kwaikwayon an haɗa shi a cikin fim ɗin Kevin Macdonald na ''2012 Marley'' . 

Jim kaɗan bayan haka, lafiyar Marley ta tabarbare saboda ciwon kansa ya bazu cikin jikinsa . An soke sauran rangadin kuma Marley ta nemi magani a asibitin Josef Issels da ke Bavaria, Jamus, inda ya yi amfani da wani magani na kansa wanda ake kira magani na Issels wani ɓangare bisa guje wa wasu abinci, abubuwan sha, da sauran abubuwa. Bayan watanni takwas na rashin nasarar magance cutar kansa, Marley ya hau jirgi zuwa gidansa a Jamaica.  Yayin tafiyar Marley mahimman ayyuka sun tabarbare. Bayan saukarsa a Miami, Florida, an dauke shi zuwa Cedars na asibitin Lebanon (daga baya Jami'ar Miami Asibitin ) don kula da lafiya kai tsaye, inda ya mutu a ranar 11 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1981, yana da shekara 36, saboda yaduwar cutar melanoma a huhunsa da kwakwalwa. Maganarsa ta ƙarshe ga ɗansa Ziggy ita ce &quot;Kudi ba zai iya sayen rai ba.&quot; 

An yi wa Marley jana'izar ƙasa a Jamaica a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1981, wanda ya haɗu da abubuwa na Orthodox   da al'adar Rastafari. An binne shi a cikin ɗakin sujada kusa da mahaifarsa tare da guitar. 

A ranar 21 ga watan Mayu na shekarar 1981, firaministan kasar Jamaica Edward Seaga tsĩrar da karshe jana'izar eulogy ga Marley, ya ce:

== Wasiya ==

=== Kyauta da girmamawa ===
[[File:Denis_Bourez_-_Madame_Tussauds,_London_(8748151558).jpg|thumb| Ayyukan Marley a [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]

* 1976: ''Rolling Stone'' Band na Shekara
* Yunin 1978: An ba da Lambar Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya ta Uku daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.  {{Rp|5}}
* Fabrairu 1981: An ba da Kyautar Kyautar Jamaica, sannan girmamawa ta uku mafi girma ta ƙasar. 
* Maris 1994: An Shiga cikin Dutsen da Roll Hall na Shahara .
* 1999: Kundin karni na ''Fitowa'' daga ''Mujallar Lokaci'' . 
* Fabrairu 2001: Fitaccen tauraro a Hollywood Walk of Fame .
* Fabrairu 2001: Kyautar Grammy Life Achievement Award . 
* 2004: ''Rolling Stone ya'' sanya shi A'a. 11 a jerin su na 100 Mafi Girma Artists na Duk Lokaci. 
* 2004: Daga cikin waɗanda aka fara ba da izinin shiga zauren Kiɗa na UKasar Burtaniya
* &quot;Loveauna Daya&quot; mai suna waka ta karni ta BBC .
* An zabe shi a matsayin ɗayan manyan mawaƙan waka a kowane lokaci ta hanyar zaɓen BBC. 
* 2006: An bayyana allon shuɗi a gidansa na farko a Burtaniya a Ridgmount Gardens, London, wanda Nubian Jak Community Trust ta ba shi kuma Ofishin Kasashen waje da na Commonwealth ya tallafa masa.  
* 2010: ''Kama Wuta da aka'' shigar a cikin Grammy Hall of Fame (Reggae Album). 

=== Sauran haraji ===
[[File:Bob_Marley_-_Statue_-_Kingston_-_Jamaica.jpg|thumb| Marley mutum-mutumi a Kingston]]
An ƙaddamar da mutum-mutumi, kusa da filin wasa na ƙasa a Arthur Wint Drive a Kingston don tunawa da shi.  A cikin shekarar 2006, Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Birnin New York sun hada-baki da wani bangare na hanyar Avenue daga Remsen Avenue zuwa East 98th Street a cikin East Flatbush na Brooklyn a matsayin &quot;Bob Marley Boulevard&quot;.   A cikin shekarar 2008, an ƙaddamar da mutum-mutumin Bob Marley a Banatski Sokolac, Serbia. 

Bangaren kasa da kasa, sakon Bob Marley har ilayau yana ci gaba da bayyana a tsakanin al'ummomi daban-daban na asali. Misali, mutanen Aboriginal na Ostiraliya suna ci gaba da cinna wata wuta mai tsarki don girmama shi a cikin Victoria Park na Sydney, yayin da membobin Asalin Amurka Hopi da kabilun Havasupai suke girmama aikinsa.  {{Rp|5}} Hakanan akwai kyaututtuka da yawa ga Bob Marley a duk faɗin Indiya, gami da gidajen cin abinci, otal-otal, da bukukuwan al'adu.  

Bob Marley ya samo asali ne zuwa wata alama ta duniya, wacce aka siyar da ita har abada ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai da yawa. Dangane da wannan ne, marubucin Dave Thompson a cikin littafinsa ''Reggae da Music na Caribbean'', ya koka da abin da ya gani na zama sassaucin kasuwanci na Marley wanda ya fi ƙarfin mayaƙa, yana mai cewa:

Yawancin gyare-gyare na fim sun samo asali kuma. Misali, dogon shirin da aka gabatar game da rayuwarsa, ''Rebel Music'', ya sami kyaututtuka daban-daban a Grammys . Tare da gudummawa daga Rita, The Wailers, da kuma masoyan Marley da yara, shi ma yana ba da labarin sosai a cikin nasa kalmomin.  A watan Fabrairun shekarar 2008, darekta Martin Scorsese ya sanar da aniyarsa ta shirya fim din Marley. An saita fim ɗin a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2010, a kan abin da zai kasance ranar haihuwar Marley ta 65.  Koyaya, Scorsese ya daina aiki saboda matsalolin tsarawa. Jonathan Demme ne ya maye gurbinsa,  wanda ya daina aiki saboda bambancin kirkira tare da furodusa Steve Bing a lokacin farkon gyara. Kevin Macdonald ya maye gurbin Demme  kuma an sake fim din, ''Marley'' a ranar 20 Afrilu 2012 .  A shekara ta 2011, tsohuwar budurwa kuma mai shirya fim Esther Anderson, tare da Gian Godoy, sun yi shirin fim din ''Bob Marley: The Making of a Legend'', wanda aka fara a Edinburgh International Film Festival . 

A watan Oktoban shekarar 2015, marubucin dan Jamaica Marlon James ' ''A Brief History of Bakwai Kashe-kashe'', wani kirkirarren labari ne na yunƙurin kisan Marley, ya sami lambar yabo ta Man Booker ta 2015 a wani bikin da aka yi a Landan. 

A watan Fabrairun shekarar 2020, ''mawaki ya tashi tsaye !,'' marubuci Lee Hall ne ya sanar da labarin Bob Marley da darakta Dominic Cooke, tare da Arinzé Kene a matsayin Bob Marley. Za a buɗe shi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lyric da ke Landan a cikin watan Oktoba shekarar 2021, bayan da aka ɗage daga ainihin farkon watan Fabrairu saboda annobar COVID-19 .

== Rayuwar mutum ==

=== Addini ===

Bob Marley ya kasance memba na wasu shekaru na kungiyar [[Rastafari]], wanda al'adunsa suka kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci na ci gaban reggae. Ya zama mai himma wajen nuna goyon baya ga Rastafari, tare da fitar da kide-kide daga yankunan da jama'a ke fama da talauci a Jamaica da zuwa fagen wakokin duniya. Ya taɓa ba da amsa mai zuwa, wanda yake na al'ada, ga tambayar da aka yi masa yayin wata hira da aka yi rikodin:
 
Akbishop Abuna Yesehaq ya yi wa Bob Marley baftisma a cikin Cocin Orthodox na Habasha, ya ba shi suna Berhane Selassie, a ranar 4 ga Watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1980, jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa.

=== Iyali ===
Bob Marley ya auri Alpharita Constantia &quot;Rita&quot; Anderson a Kingston, Jamaica, a ranar 10 ga Watan Fabrairu shekarar 1966.  Marley yana da 'ya'ya da yawa: guda huɗu tare da matarsa Rita, biyu waɗanda aka karɓa daga dangantakar da ta gabata da Rita, kuma wasu da yawa tare da mata daban-daban. Tashar yanar gizon Bob Marley ta yarda da yara 11.

Wadanda aka lissafa a shafin hukuma sune: 

# Sharon, an haife shi ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1964, 'yar Rita daga dangantakar da ta gabata amma sai Marley ya karɓa bayan aurensa da Rita
# Cedella, an haife ta 23 ga Agusta 1967, ga Rita
# David &quot;Ziggy&quot;, an haife shi 17 ga Oktoba 1968, ga Rita
# Stephen, an haife shi a 20 Afrilu 1972, ga Rita
# Robert &quot;Robbie&quot;, an haife shi 16 Mayu 1972, ga Pat Williams
# Rohan, an haife shi 19 Mayu 1972, ga Janet Hunt
# Karen, an haife ta 1973 zuwa Janet Bowen
# Stephanie, an haife shi 17 ga watan Agusta 1974; a cewar Cedella Booker ita 'yar Rita ce kuma wani mutum ne da ake kira Ital wanda Rita ta yi tarayya da shi; duk da haka, an yarda da ita a matsayin 'yar Bob
# Julian, an haife ta 4 Yuni 1975, zuwa Lucy Pounder
# Ky-Mani, an haife shi 26 Fabrairu 1976, ga Anita Belnavis
# Damian, an haife shi 21 ga Yuli 1978, zuwa Cindy Breakspeare

Sauran rukunin yanar gizon sun lura da ƙarin mutanen da ke da'awar cewa su 'yan uwa ne,  kamar yadda aka gani a ƙasa:

* An haifi Makeda a ranar 30 ga watan  Mayu shekarar 1981, ga Yvette Crichton, bayan mutuwar Marley. Littafin Meredith Dixon ya lissafa ta a matsayin ɗiyar Marley, amma ba a lasafta ta haka a cikin gidan yanar gizon Bob Marley ba.
* Shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban, misali, kuma sun lissafa Imani Carole, an haife shi ranar 22 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1963 ga Cheryl Murray; amma ba ta bayyana a shafin yanar gizon Bob Marley ba. 

Marley kuma tana da jikoki uku sanannu, mawaƙa Tsallake Marley, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka Nico Marley da ƙirar Selah Marley .

=== Kungiyar kwallon kafa ===

=== Ra'ayoyin mutum ===

==== Pan-Afirka ====
[[File:Bob Marley &amp; The Wailing Wailers Zürich Com L29-0351-0005-0003.tif|thumb|Bob Marley]]
Bob Marley ɗan asalin Afirka ne kuma ya yi imani da haɗin kan mutanen Afirka a duk duniya. Abubuwan da ya yi imani da su sun samo asali ne daga imaninsa na Rastafari. Marcus Garvey ne ya yi masa kwarin gwiwa sosai, kuma yana da maganganu masu adawa da mulkin mallaka da kuma nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka a cikin yawancin waƙoƙinsa, irin su &quot; Zimbabwe &quot;, &quot;Fitowa&quot;, &quot;Tsira&quot;, &quot;Redmanption Blackman&quot;, da &quot; Waƙar Fansa &quot;. &quot;Waƙar Redemption&quot; ta sami tasiri daga jawabin da Marcus Garvey ya bayar a Nova Scotia, shekarar 1937. Marley ta tabbatar da cewa 'yancin kan kasashen Afirka daga mamayar Turai nasara ce ga duk wadanda ke cikin kasashen Afirka. A cikin waƙar &quot;Afirka gama ɗaya&quot;, ya rera waƙoƙi ne na son dukkan al'ummomin ƙasashen Afirka da su taru su yaƙi &quot;Babila&quot; makamancin haka, a cikin wakar &quot;Zimbabwe&quot;, ya nuna 'yanci ga dukkan nahiyar Afirka, kuma yana kira ga hadin kai tsakanin dukkan' yan Afirka, ciki da wajen Afirka.

==== Cannabis ====
Bob Marley ta dauki wiwi a matsayin ciyawar warkarwa, &quot;sacrament&quot;, da kuma &quot;taimako ga tunani&quot;; ya goyi bayan halatta maganin. Ya yi tunanin cewa amfani da wiwi ya zama sananne a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki, karanta wurare kamar Zabura 104: 14 kamar nuna yarda da amfani da shi.  Marley ya fara amfani da wiwi lokacin da ya koma addinin Rastafari daga Katolika a shekarar 1966. An kama shi a cikin shekara ta 1968 bayan an kama shi da wiwi amma ya ci gaba da shan wiwi bisa ga imaninsa na addini. Game da shan tabar wiwi, ya ce, &quot;Lokacin da kuke shan ganye, ganye ya bayyana kanku gare ku. Duk muguntar da kake yi, ganye ya bayyana kansa, lamirinka, ya nuna kanka a sarari, saboda ganye yana sa ka yin tunani. Ising ne kawai na halitta kuma yana girma kamar bishiya. Marley ya ga amfani da wiwi a matsayin muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga ci gaban addini da alaƙa da Jah, kuma a matsayin wata hanya ta falsafa da zama mai hikima.

== Binciken ==

=== Faifan Studio ===

* ''Masu Wailing Wailers'' (1965)
* ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Yan Tawayen Rai'' (1970)
* ''Juyin Juya Hali'' (1971)
* ''Mafi Kyawun Masu Wailers'' (1971)
* ''Kama Wuta'' (1973)
* ''Burnin ''' (1973)
* ''Natty Dread'' (1974)
* ''Faɗakarwar Rastaman'' (1976)
* ''Fitowa'' (1977)
* ''Kaya'' (1978)
* ''Tsira'' (1979)
* ''Tashewa'' (1980)
* ''Rikici'' (1983)

=== Kundaye kai tsaye ===

* ''Kai tsaye!'' (1975)
* ''Babila ta Bus'' (1978)

== Duba kuma ==

* Lokacin kundi
* Shafin Bob Marley
* Jerin masu gwagwarmayar zaman lafiya
* Fabian Marley
* ''Desis bobmarleyi'' - wani nau'in gizo-gizo ne dake cikin ruwa mai suna don girmama Marley

== Manazarta ==
 

=== Majiya ===

== Kara karantawa ==

* {{Official website|http://www.bobmarley.com/}} 
* Bob Marley  
* {{Curlie|Arts/Music/Bands_and_Artists/M/Marley%2C_Bob/}}  
* [https://www.discogs.com/artist/41441-Bob-Marley Bob Marley] a Discogs
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>bzef7q5xkwyqv4q70lau760j1s6ni7v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Sabbin editoci</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>21908</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828910</id>
      <parentid>828560</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:29:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci</comment>
      <origin>828910</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14677" sha1="6oj12x5p00pez4t4v34xx4aqz99vjb1" xml:space="preserve">Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Numba
!Edita
!Gudummuwa
!Lokacin rajista
|-
|1
|[[User:Bk1949|Bk1949]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Bk1949|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 27 ga Afrilu 2026
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|2
|[[User:JackSaxon|JackSaxon]]
|[[Special:Contributions/JackSaxon|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 27 ga Afrilu 2026
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|3
|[[User:Maxi0902|Maxi0902]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Maxi0902|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 27 ga Afrilu 2026
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|4
|[[User:Foundational belief|Foundational belief]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Foundational belief|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|5
|[[User:Itshankwill|Itshankwill]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Itshankwill|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|6
|[[User:Guliolopez|Guliolopez]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Guliolopez|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|7
|[[User:LegendOP|LegendOP]]
|[[Special:Contributions/LegendOP|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|8
|[[User:Гришин Никита|Гришин Никита]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Гришин Никита|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
|-
|9
|[[User:Rycerz Kameliowy|Rycerz Kameliowy]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Rycerz Kameliowy|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
|-
|10
|[[User:Demonteddybear100|Demonteddybear100]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Demonteddybear100|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|11
|[[User:Ogudu246|Ogudu246]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Ogudu246|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|12
|[[User:Abdullahi Seeter001|Abdullahi Seeter001]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Abdullahi Seeter001|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
|-
|13
|[[User:Nafisat001|Nafisat001]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Nafisat001|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|14
|[[User:Nazifi009|Nazifi009]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Nazifi009|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|15
|[[User:Logicistic234|Logicistic234]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Logicistic234|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|16
|[[User:Fraf|Fraf]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Fraf|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|17
|[[User:Deen Ahmad|Deen Ahmad]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Deen Ahmad|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
|-
|18
|[[User:Laban kure|Laban kure]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Laban kure|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
|-
|19
|[[User:Lord vom Ork|Lord vom Ork]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Lord vom Ork|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|20
|[[User:Aman2327|Aman2327]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Aman2327|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|21
|[[User:ねこ8|ねこ8]]
|[[Special:Contributions/ねこ8|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
|-
|22
|[[User:Skander zarrad|Skander zarrad]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Skander zarrad|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|23
|[[User:AlbrtChan|AlbrtChan]]
|[[Special:Contributions/AlbrtChan|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|24
|[[User:Roanryan|Roanryan]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Roanryan|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
|-
|25
|[[User:信号ハンマー|信号ハンマー]]
|[[Special:Contributions/信号ハンマー|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
|-
|26
|[[User:S maps|S maps]]
|[[Special:Contributions/S maps|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|27
|[[User:Alexandra IDV|Alexandra IDV]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Alexandra IDV|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|28
|[[User:Ishagx|Ishagx]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Ishagx|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|29
|[[User:Salisu Amina Tasiu|Salisu Amina Tasiu]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Salisu Amina Tasiu|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|30
|[[User:Isaacmuscat|Isaacmuscat]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Isaacmuscat|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|31
|[[User:Sita Begum|Sita Begum]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Sita Begum|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|32
|[[User:TangoAF|TangoAF]]
|[[Special:Contributions/TangoAF|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|33
|[[User:Chamaenerion|Chamaenerion]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Chamaenerion|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|34
|[[User:Tinkaer1991|Tinkaer1991]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Tinkaer1991|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|35
|[[User:Rhjenkins|Rhjenkins]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Rhjenkins|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|36
|[[User:Choi Saseum|Choi Saseum]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Choi Saseum|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
|-
|37
|[[User:P0pular Ahmad|P0pular Ahmad]]
|[[Special:Contributions/P0pular Ahmad|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|38
|[[User:ChristoRobin|ChristoRobin]]
|[[Special:Contributions/ChristoRobin|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|39
|[[User:Zer0thenumber|Zer0thenumber]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Zer0thenumber|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|40
|[[User:Hadiza muhammad|Hadiza muhammad]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Hadiza muhammad|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|41
|[[User:Stueymcgill|Stueymcgill]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Stueymcgill|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|42
|[[User:TheGreatCooLite|TheGreatCooLite]]
|[[Special:Contributions/TheGreatCooLite|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
|-
|43
|[[User:Syllynqt|Syllynqt]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Syllynqt|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|44
|[[User:Cooleditmanyescool|Cooleditmanyescool]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Cooleditmanyescool|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
|-
|45
|[[User:Kmchang28|Kmchang28]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Kmchang28|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
|-
|46
|[[User:EuphVL|EuphVL]]
|[[Special:Contributions/EuphVL|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|47
|[[User:Nicoleon|Nicoleon]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Nicoleon|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|48
|[[User:Lollyfge|Lollyfge]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Lollyfge|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
|-
|49
|[[User:Necronomicron8|Necronomicron8]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Necronomicron8|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|50
|[[User:Aryan Singh Kalhans|Aryan Singh Kalhans]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Aryan Singh Kalhans|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|51
|[[User:Retreels|Retreels]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Retreels|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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  <page>
    <title>Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem</title>
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      <text bytes="12895" sha1="bdc41yqnfwg3m7404gtqoje6mk24d57" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg|25px]]
Majalisar '''Shura ta Mujahidin da ke cikin Kudus''' ko kuma kawai '''Majalisar Shura Mujahideen''' (wanda kuma aka sani da '''Majalisar Shura Mujahidin Kudus''', da Larabci: '''Majlis Shura Al-Mujahideen''', &lt;ref&gt;[http://edition.cnn.com/2012/10/13/world/meast/gaza-israeli-airstrike Israeli airstrike targets terror operatives in Gaza], CNN 15-10-2012&lt;/ref&gt; '''Magles Shoura al-Mujahedeen''', da sauran sunaye) kungiyar Salafiyya mai dauke da makamai  alaƙa da [[al-Qaeda]] &lt;ref name=&quot;lwjjun19&quot;&gt;Thomas Joscelyn, [http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2012/06/al_qaeda-linked_grou.php Al Qaeda-linked group claims responsibility for attack in Israel], Long War Journal ([[Foundation for the Defense of Democracies]]) 19-06-2012&lt;/ref&gt; da ke aiki a yankin Sinai na [[Misra|Masar]] da cikin [[Zirin Gaza]] . The kungiyar da aka kafa a shekarar 2011 ko  zuwa shekara ta 2012 by [[Salafiyya|Salafi]] Islama Hisham Al-Saedni (kuma aka sani da Abu al Walid al Maqdisi) , don gudanar da ayyuka na Salafi yan jihadi da ke yaki a Gaza tun kafin ma a Masar juyin juya halin shekarar 2011 &lt;ref name=&quot;lwjaug6&quot;&gt;Bill Roggio, [http://www.longwarjournal.org/threat-matrix/archives/2012/08/mujahideen_shura_council_denie.php Mujahideen Shura Council denies involvement in Sinai assault] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815060109/http://www.longwarjournal.org/threat-matrix/archives/2012/08/mujahideen_shura_council_denie.php |date=2014-08-15 }}, Long War Journal ([[Foundation for the Defense of Democracies]]) 06-08-2012&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta kai hare -hare kan fararen hula a [[Isra'ila]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;lwjjun19&quot; /&gt; Ƙungiyar ta bayyana tashe -tashen hankulan da ake yi wa Yahudawa a matsayin wani nauyi na addini wanda ke kusantar da masu aikata shi zuwa ga Allah. &lt;ref name=&quot;lions&quot;&gt;[http://www.ansar1.info/showthread.php?t=42323 Response of the lions to the aggressions of the Jews: Shelling Zionist Sderot with three rockets] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512143137/http://www.ansar1.info/showthread.php?t=42323 |date=2020-05-12 }}, Majlis Shura Al-Mujahidin 01-09-2012&lt;/ref&gt; Al-Saedni, wanda shi ne shugaban kungiyar kuma shi ma na Jahafil Al-Tawhid Wal-Jihad fi Filastin, an kashe shi ne a wani hari da Isra’ila ta kai Gaza a ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 2012.  Ƙungiyar tana karkashin kungiyar Al-Qaeda a yankin Sinai tun daga watan Agustan shekara ta 2012. &lt;ref&gt;http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2012/08/global_jihadists_ove.php&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Fabrairun  a shekara ta 2014, kungiyar ta bayyana goyon bayanta ga Daular [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|Islama ta Iraki da Levant]] .  A rukunin da aka sanya a kungiyar 'yan ta'adda ta Gwamnatin Amirka, a ranar 19 ga watan  Agusta shekara ta 2014.  A cikin bayanin ta kuma na sanya sunan Ma'aikatar Jiha ta lura cewa:&lt;blockquote&gt;Majalisar Shura na Mujahidin a Yankunan Kudus kungiya ce da ta kunshi wasu kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda masu da'awar jihadi da ke zaune a Gaza wadanda suka dauki alhakin kai hare-hare da dama kan Isra'ila tun lokacin da aka kafa kungiyar a shekara ta 2012. Misali, a ranar 13 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2013, MSC ta dauki alhakin harin roka da aka kai a kudancin Eilat, Isra'ila. A baya, MSC ta dauki alhakin harin da aka kai ranar 21 ga watan Maris,shekara ta  2013 inda mayakan na Gaza suka harba akalla rokoki biyar kan Sderot, Isra’ila, da kuma harin 17 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 2013 inda kuma aka harba rokoki biyu kan Eilat, Isra’ila. Baya ga harba makaman roka, MSC ta ayyana kanta da alhakin kai harin IED na kan iyakar Gaza da Isra’ila a ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2012 wanda ya nufi wurin ginin Isra’ila, inda ya kashe farar hula guda. Baya ga wadannan hare -hare na zahiri, MSC ta fitar da wata sanarwa a cikin watan Fabrairu na  shekara ta 2014 da ke bayyana goyon baya ga Daular [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|Musulunci ta Iraki da Levant]] .&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin shine ''Jahafil Al-Tawhid Wal-Jihad fi Filastin''  (ko ''al-Tawhid wal-Jihad'', &quot;Hadin kai da Jihadi&quot;) wanda aka kafa a ranar 6 gawatan  Nuwamba  shekara ta 2008 kuma yana da alaƙa da Al Qaeda. A shekarar 2011 kuma Hisham Al-Saedni ne ya jagoranci kungiyar.  Wata ƙaramar ƙungiya ita ce Ansar al Sunnah, wacce ta ɗauki alhakin hare-haren rokoki da dama kan Isra’ila, ciki har da harin roka a cikin Satan Maris shekara ta 2010 wanda ya kashe ma’aikacin Thai a Isra’ila. Bayan harin da aka kai a watan Maris na shekara ta 2010, Haaretz ta ba da rahoton cewa &quot;da alama ƙungiyar tana da alaƙa da Jund Ansar Allah ,&quot; wata ƙungiyar jihadi da ke aiki a Gaza. &lt;ref name=&quot;longwarjournal&quot; /&gt;

== Hare -hare ==

=== 18 gawatan  Maris shekara ta 2010 ===
Mayakan da ke da alaka da kungiyar sun harba makamin roka a Isra'ila, inda suka kashe ma'aikaci daga [[Tailan|Thailand]] . Daga baya kungiyar ta dauki alhakin kai harin. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2010/3/18/gaza-rocket-kills-worker-in-israel Gaza rocket kills worker in Israel]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 18 gawatan Yuni shekara ta 2012 ===
Kungiyar ta dauki alhakin kai harin kan iyaka a Isra’ila a ranar 18 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2012, lokacin da maharan suka tayar da bam din da aka dasa kusa da kan iyakar Masar da Isra’ila sannan suka bude wuta kan motocin da ke dauke da ma’aikatan gini. Isra'ila farar hula Saeed Fashafshe, a 35-shekara [[Larabawa|Arab]] mazaunin na Haifa da wani aure uba na hudu, da aka kashe, kamar yadda suka akalla biyu daga cikin 'yan ta'adda. &lt;ref name=&quot;lwjjun19&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/haifa-man-named-as-victim-of-terrorist-attack-on-egypt-border-1.437130 Haifa man named as victim of terrorist attack on Egypt border], Haaretz 16-06-2012&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ict.org.il/ResearchPublications/DatabaseReports/tabid/380/Articlsid/1102/currentpage/1/Default.aspx ICT Database Insight: “The Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem&quot; A New Player in the Lawless “Wild West” of the Sinai Peninsula?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010034717/http://www.ict.org.il/ResearchPublications/DatabaseReports/tabid/380/Articlsid/1102/currentpage/1/Default.aspx |date=2013-10-10 }}, [[International Institute for Counter-Terrorism]] 20-08-2012&lt;/ref&gt;

A wani faifan bidiyo, kungiyar ta ce an sadaukar da harin ne ga Osama bin Laden da masu jihadi na Syria . Ta kuma kara da cewa tana yin jihadi &quot;don zama tubalin gini a cikin aikin duniya wanda ke nufin dawo da [[Khalifofi|Khalifancin]] da ya dace da tsarin [[Shari'a|Shariah]] tsarkakakke&quot;. Ta bayyana shugabannin harin a matsayin [[Misra|dan]] kasar Masar Khalid Salah Abdul Hadi Jadullah (wanda aka fi sani da Abu Salah al Masri) da kuma [[Saudi Arebiya|dan]] kasar Saudiyya Adi Saleh Abdullah al Fudhayli al Hadhli (wanda aka fi sani da Abu Hudhayfa al Hudhali). &lt;ref name=&quot;lwjjun19&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.timesofisrael.com/islamic-group-claims-responsibility-for-mondays-terror-attack/ Islamic group claims responsibility for attack on Egypt border], Times of Israel 19-06-2012&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-18503549 Hamas fires barrage of rockets into Israel], BBC News 19-06-2012&lt;/ref&gt;

A wata sanarwa ta bidiyo da aka fitar daga baya a watan Yuli, kungiyar ta bayyana harin a matsayin &quot;kyauta ga 'yan uwanmu a [[Al-Qaeda|Qaedat al-Jihad]] da Sheikh Zawahiri &quot; da kuma daukar fansa kan mutuwar Osama bin Laden . &lt;ref&gt;Bill Roggio, [http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2012/07/egyptian_jihadist_gr.php Mujahideen Shura Council calls attack in Israel a 'gift' to Zawahiri and al Qaeda 'brothers'], Long War Journal ([[Foundation for the Defense of Democracies]]) 30-07-2012&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;lwjoct7&quot;&gt;David Barnett, [http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2012/10/israel_targets_mujah.php Israel targets Mujahideen Shura Council and Global Jihad terrorists in Gaza], Long War Journal ([[Foundation for the Defense of Democracies]]) 07-10-2012&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 26 gawatan Agusta shekara ta 2012 ===
Kungiyar ta harba rokoki uku a garin Sderot na Isra'ila a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 2012. Daya daga cikin rokokin ya lalata wani gini a yankin masana'antu kusa da birnin. Mutum daya ya ji rauni sosai kuma na biyun an yi masa magani don matsanancin damuwa . &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/159309#.UVSnVBzmhrI Salafi Terrorists: Jihad Against 'Criminal Jews' is a Duty], Israel National News 27-08-2012&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin wata sanarwa ta intanet, kungiyar ta dauki alhakin harin kuma ta roki Allah da ya “taimake mu kan mutanen da ba su da imani”. Ya nanata abubuwa masu zuwa yayin bayyana dalilan harin:

* [[Jihadi]] don neman yardar Allah [[Yahudawa|a kan yahudawa]] masu aikata laifi wajibi ne da muke kusanci da Allah a duk lokacin da muka sami wata hanya zuwa ga hakan, a kowane wuri, ta hanyar abin da Allah ya sauƙaƙa mana daga dalilan iko da tunkuɗewa.
* Yana da wani dama ga Mujahidin na al'ummar musulmi, don tallafa wa da kuma taimako a gare su, kuma shi ne unacceptable cewa wani ɓangare na hari su da musguna ko zalunci ko ya kama, muddin suka yi kawai bar yin wani takalifi da ake bukata daga kowane Musulmi a cikin wani lokaci lokacin da da yawa ke kin zuwa jihadi.
* Dukan waɗanda aka tsarkake a cikin kungiyoyin kamata girgiza kashe kurar wulakanci da zaune da baya zaton ga mutum kango na wannan Duniya, kuma ya tashi sama, don tallafa wa addini da kuma kare su sanctities, kuma ya kamata su tuna cewa sun kawai shiga ga} ungiyoyi da jihadi don neman yardar Allah.
* Bari Yahudawa su sani cewa wurare masu tsarki, tsarkakakku da jini suna da maza waɗanda ba sa yin bacci a kan zalunci, kuma ba sa jin daɗin wulakanci, kuma suna kashe jininsu da abin da suka mallaka da arha don hakan, kuma abin da ke zuwa ya fi muni da ƙari. mai ɗaci da yardar Allah Mai ɗaukar fansa. &lt;ref name=&quot;lions&quot;/&gt;

=== Martani daga rundunar tsaron Isra'ila ===
A ranar 7 gawatan  Oktoban shekara ta  2012, Sojojin Tsaron Isra’ila (IDF) da Hukumar Tsaro ta Isra’ila sun kai hari ta sama a kudancin [[Zirin Gaza|Zirin Gaza inda suka]] nufi Tala’at Halil Muhammad Jarbi, wanda IDF ta ce yana da hannu wajen tsarawa da aiwatar da ranar 18 ga watan Yuni. kai hari da sauran ayyukan ta’addanci a Zirin Gaza. Har ila yau, wanda aka kai harin ta sama, Abdullah Muhammad Hassan Maqawai, wanda aka ce dan kungiyar ne. &lt;ref name=&quot;lwjoct7&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 14 gawatan Oktoban a shekara ta  2012, an kashe al-Saedni yayin da yake kan babur a harin da Isra’ila ta kai. Isra'ila ta ce tana mayar da martani ne kan harin roka da aka kai kan kudancin Isra'ila tun farko. 

=== 21 gawatan Maris shekara ta 2013 ===
Da misalin karfe 7:15 na safe a ranar 21 gawatan Maris shekara ta  2013, a rana ta biyu ta ziyarar da Shugaban [[Barack Obama|Amurka Barack Obama ya]] kai Isra’ila, kungiyar ta harba rokoki hudu daga Beit Hanoun zuwa Sderot, lamarin da ya haifar da fargaba a cikin al’ummomin yankin tare da tilasta mazauna kan hanyarsu ta zuwa aiki ko makaranta don gudu zuwa mafakar bam. Makamin roka daya ya bugi bayan gidan wani gida a cikin birnin, inda ya fantsama cikin bango tare da farfasa tagogi. Wani makamin na biyu ya sauka a wani yanki a cikin yankin Yankin Sha'ar Hanegev da ke kewaye. Makamin roka biyu da suka rage sun sauka a cikin zirin Gaza. Ba a samu rahoton raunuka ba. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.jpost.com/National-News/Two-rockets-slam-into-Sderot-during-Obama-visit-307212 Two rockets slam into Sderot during Obama visit], Jerusalem Post 21-03-2013&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4359306,00.html Rockets hit Sderot as Obama visits Israel], Ynet News 21-03-2013&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2013/03/21/barack-obama-israel-visit.html Gaza militants fire 2 rockets at Israel as Obama visits region], CBC 21-03-2013&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar ta dauki alhakin kai harin, inda ta bayyana cewa an yi hakan ne domin nuna cewa tsaron sararin samaniyar Isra’ila ba zai iya dakatar da kai hare -hare kan kasar Yahudawa ba. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-palestinians-obama-claim-idUSBRE92K0MR20130321 Islamist group says it fired rockets at Israel from Gaza], Reuters 21-03-2013&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kungiyar Hamas ===
A watan Yulin Shekara ta 2013, Hamas ta murkushe ayyukan PRC da MSC a Gaza, tare da kame membobinsu da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.longwarjournal.org/threat-matrix/archives/2013/07/popular_resistance_committees.php Popular Resistance Committees calls on Hamas to stop arrests of 'mujahideen'] July 22, 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karyatawa ==
Kungiyar ta musanta hannu a harin kan iyakar Masar da Isra’ila a watan Agustan shekara ta 2012, inda aka kashe sojojin Masar guda sha shidda 16 sannan aka kai hari kan iyakar Isra’ila. &lt;ref name=&quot;lwjaug6&quot;/&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Majalisar Shura Mujahid (Iraki)
* Majalisar Shura Mujahid (Afghanistan)

== Manazarta==
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[[File:SARS-CoV-2_without_background.png  |thumb|Samfurin kwayar cutar Corona]] 
An sanar da [[Koronavirus 2019|bullar COVID-19]] ta farko a Afirka [[Misra|a Masar]] a ranar 14 ga Fabrairun shekarar 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Beijing orders 14-day quarantine for all returnees|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51509248|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[BBC News]]|date=15 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214210032/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51509248|archive-date=14 February 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Egypt announces first Coronavirus infection|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/81641/Egypt-announces-first-Coronavirus-infection|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[Egypt Today]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215092410/https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/81641/Egypt-announces-first-Coronavirus-infection|archive-date=15 February 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; An aiwatar da matakan rigakafi da yawa a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban a [[Afirka]], gami da hana tafiye-tafiye, soke jirgin sama, soke taron,&lt;ref name=&quot;CNN 2020-03-092&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Here are the African countries with confirmed coronavirus cases|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/africa/nigeria-coronavirus-cases-intl/index.html|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[CNN]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322032350/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/africa/nigeria-coronavirus-cases-intl/index.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; rufe makarantu, da rufe kan iyaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CNN 2020-03-093&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Here are the African countries with confirmed coronavirus cases|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/africa/nigeria-coronavirus-cases-intl/index.html|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[CNN]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322032350/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/africa/nigeria-coronavirus-cases-intl/index.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran matakan da za a dauka da takaita yaduwar cutar sun haɗa da dokar hana fita, ƙulle-ƙulle, da kuma tilasta sanya abin [[Takunkumi a lokacin annobar cutar korona|rufe fuska]] . Kwayar cutar ta bazu ko'ina cikin nahiyar. [[Lesotho]], ƙasa ta ƙarshe mai cin gashin kanta ta Afirka da ta kasance ba ta da [[Kwayar cuta|kwayar cutar]], ta ba da rahoton bullar cutar a ranar 13 ga Mayun shekarar 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-05-13|title=Remote Lesotho becomes last country in Africa to record COVID-19 case|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-lesotho-idUSKBN22P1R4|url-status=live|access-date=2020-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514053312/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-lesotho-idUSKBN22P1R4|archive-date=14 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus live updates: Lesotho becomes last African nation to report a coronavirus case|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/liveblog/coronavirus-live-updates-wednesday-may-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513141447/https://www.latimes.com/california/liveblog/coronavirus-live-updates-wednesday-may-13|archive-date=13 May 2020|access-date=2020-05-13|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]]

== Jadawalin lokacin martani ==

=== Afrilu ===

==== 1 ga Afrilu ====
Eritrea ta ba da sanarwar dakatar da makonni uku, wanda ya fara a ranar 2 ga Afrilu don yaƙar yaduwar COVID-19.&lt;ref name=&quot;Al Jazeera 1 April2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Mayberry|first1=Kate|last2=Uras|first2=Umut|last3=Najjah|first3=Farah|title=Global coronavirus cases surpass 900,000: Live updates|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/chief-coronavirus-worst-crisis-wwii-live-updates-200331233659496.html|access-date=2 April 2020|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=2 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402035236/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/chief-coronavirus-worst-crisis-wwii-live-updates-200331233659496.html|archive-date=2 April 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saliyo ta ba da sanarwar cewa dokar hana fita ta kwanaki uku za ta fara aiki a ranar Asabar (4 ga Afrilu).&lt;ref name=&quot;Al Jazeera 1 April2&quot; /&gt;

==== 14 ga Afrilu ====
Hukumar Kula da Ilimi ta Ghana da Zoomlion Ghana Limited sun hada karfi da karfe don kaddamar da wani shiri na fatattakar dukkan manyan makarantu na musamman da na fasaha a kasar don dakile yaduwar cutar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/zoomlion-rolls-out-school-disinfection-programme.html|title=Zoomlion rolls out school disinfection programme|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaban Guinea Alpha Condé ya wajabta wa dukkan 'yan kasar da mazauna wurin sanya abin rufe fuska, wanda zai fara aiki a ranar 18 ga Afrilu. Masu laifin suna fuskantar harajin rashin biyayya na farar hula 30,000 na Guinea (US $3.16, €2.8). Condéal ya kuma yi kira ga dukkan kamfanoni, ma'aikatu da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da su samar da abin rufe fuska ga ma'aikatansu a ranar Asabar tare da yin kira da a kera abin rufe fuska a cikin gida kuma a sayar da su cikin sauki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Al Jazeera 14 April reports2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Mayberry|first1=Kate|last2=Siddiqui|first2=Usaid|title=More than 1.9&amp;nbsp;million confirmed with coronavirus: Live updates|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/million-confirmed-coronavirus-live-updates-200413235036857.html|access-date=14 April 2020|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=14 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414170743/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/million-confirmed-coronavirus-live-updates-200413235036857.html|archive-date=14 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mayu ===

==== 1 ga Mayu ====
Afirka ta Kudu ta fara sassauta takunkumin hana zirga-zirgar da ta sanya, wanda ya baiwa wasu 'yan kasuwa da masana'antu damar komawa aiki. Za a ba da izinin gidajen abinci don ba da sabis na ɗaukar kaya. Ayyukan nishaɗi kamar tafiya, keke, da gudu za a ba su izinin sa'o'i uku a rana. Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta ci gaba da hana sayar da sigari da barasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Al Jazeera 1 May reports2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Regencia|first1=Ted|last2=Aziz|first2=Saba|last3=Stepansky|first3=Joseph|title=WHO says coronavirus 'natural in origin': Live updates|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/trump-suggests-coronavirus-linked-wuhan-lab-live-updates-200430231206079.html|access-date=1 May 2020|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501224421/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/trump-suggests-coronavirus-linked-wuhan-lab-live-updates-200430231206079.html|archive-date=1 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaban Zimbabwe [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]] ya tsawaita dokar hana fita na tsawon makwanni biyu tare da ba da sanarwar bayar da tallafin dalar Amurka miliyan 720 ga kamfanonin da abin ya shafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Al Jazeera 1 May reports2&quot; /&gt;

==== 4 Mayu ====
Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya ya rabawa Kamaru dalar Amurka miliyan 226 don biyan ma'auni na gaggawa na biyan buƙatun da annobar COVID-19 ta haifar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Al Jazeera 4 May reports2&quot;/&gt;

Gwamnatin Najeriya ta sanar da cewa za a dage dokar ta na tsawon sa'o'i 24 na &quot;ku zauna a gida&quot; tun daga ranar 30 ga Maris a babban birnin [[Abuja|tarayya Abuja]] da jihohin [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]] da [[Ogun]] na tsawon makonni shida. Wannan ya haɗa da ba da damar kasuwanci da sufuri su dawo tare da mutanen da ke sanye da abin rufe fuska.&lt;ref name=&quot;Al Jazeera 4 May reports2&quot;/&gt;

A Afirka ta Kudu, Dondo Mogajane, Darakta-Janar na Baitulmalin Kasa, ya yi gargadin cewa tattalin arziƙin Afirka ta Kudu zai iya yin kwangila da kashi 12% kuma kashi daya bisa uku na ma'aikata na iya shafar cutar sankara ta coronavirus sakamakon tabarbarewar tattalin arziƙin ƙasar. Annobar cutar covid19.&lt;ref name=&quot;Al Jazeera 4 May reports2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Mayberry|first1=Kate|last2=Najjah|first2=Farah|last3=Allahoum|first3=Ramy|title=US could see 3,000 daily deaths as economy reopens : Live updates|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/confirmed-coronavirus-cases-exceed-35m-worldwide-live-updates-200503234441560.html|access-date=4 May 2020|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=4 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505142628/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/confirmed-coronavirus-cases-exceed-35m-worldwide-live-updates-200503234441560.html|archive-date=5 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ministan kudi da ci gaban tattalin arzikin kasar Zimbabwe Mthuli Ncube ya yi kira ga asusun lamuni na duniya IMF da ya cire basussukan da ke bin sa domin samun tallafin kudaden kasashen waje don ayyukan agaji na COVID-19.&lt;ref name=&quot;Al Jazeera 4 May reports2&quot;/&gt;

=== Yuni ===

==== 11 ga Yuni ====
A cewar Shugaban [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] na Afirka, barkewar cutar sankara tana &quot;hanzari&quot; a cikin nahiyar, tare da bayar da rahoton watsa labaran al'umma a fiye da rabin dukkan kasashen Afirka. Bayanai sun nuna cewa an kwashe kwanaki 18 kafin Afirka ta sami rahoton bullar cutar guda 200,000 idan aka kwatanta da kwanaki 98 da nahiyar ta dauka na samun bullar cutar 100,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=WHO warns of accelerating Covid-19 infections in Africa|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/12/global-report-who-warns-of-accelerating-infections-in-africa-but-says-severe-cases-not-going-undetected|access-date=12 June 2020|date=12 June 2020|work=[[The Guardian]]|author=Sullivan, Helen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612191523/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/12/global-report-who-warns-of-accelerating-infections-in-africa-but-says-severe-cases-not-going-undetected|archive-date=12 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Kasar Rwanda za ta kara samun wasu lamunin tattalin arziki na dala miliyan 110 daga Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya, don taimakawa kasar wajen yaki da cutar amai da gudawa. Yanzu haka IMF ta baiwa Rwanda sama da dala miliyan 220 a lokacin rikicin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=IMF Executive Board Approves an Additional US$111.06 Million Disbursement to Rwanda to Address the COVID-19 Pandemic|url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2020/06/11/pr20242-rwanda-imf-executive-board-approves-additional-us-111-06m-disbursement-address-covid19|access-date=12 June 2020|date=11 June 2020|work=[[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612191013/https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2020/06/11/pr20242-rwanda-imf-executive-board-approves-additional-us-111-06m-disbursement-address-covid19|archive-date=12 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Yuli ===

==== 2 ga Yuli ====
Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta bayyana cewa nahiyar Afirka ta yi asarar dala biliyan 55 na kudaden shiga da yawon bude ido da yawon bude ido yayin barkewar cutar korona. Kwamitin samar da ababen more rayuwa da makamashi na kungiyar ya yi gargadin cewa wasu kamfanonin jiragen sama na Afirka ba za su tsira daga illar tattalin arzikin da annobar ta haifar ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Al Jazeera 2 July2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Brazil coronavirus death toll passes 60,000: Live updates|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/07/urges-halt-conflict-coronavirus-pandemic-live-update-200701231825751.html|access-date=3 July 2020|date=2 July 2020|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|last1=Pietromarchi|first1=Virginia|last2=Qazi|first2=Shereena|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703073122/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/07/urges-halt-conflict-coronavirus-pandemic-live-update-200701231825751.html|archive-date=3 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Africa airline industry lost $55 bn from virus shutdown|url=https://news.yahoo.com/africa-airline-industry-lost-55-bn-virus-shutdowns-161905518.html|access-date=3 July 2020|date=2 July 2020|work=[[Yahoo]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703073652/https://news.yahoo.com/africa-airline-industry-lost-55-bn-virus-shutdowns-161905518.html|archive-date=3 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An dage dokar hana fita da aka sanya a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]] a Najeriya saboda cutar korona.&lt;ref name=&quot;Al Jazeera 2 July2&quot;/&gt;

=== Agusta ===

==== 3 ga Agusta ====
A Gambia, Ministan Kudi Mambury Njie, Ministan Makamashi Fafa Sanyang, da Ministan Noma Amie Fabureh duk sun gwada ingancin COVID-19, kuma daga baya za su ware kansu tare da yin aiki daga gida, tare da daukar jimillar ministocin majalisar ministocin da suka kamu da cutar. biyar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|title=State House of The Gambia on Twitter|access-date=6 August 2020|date=2 August 2020|user=Presidency_GMB|number=1290049707583000576|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806074652/https://twitter.com/Presidency_GMB/status/1290049707583000576/photo/1|archive-date=6 August 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 4 ga Agusta ====
Magajin garin Kanifing a Gambia, Talib Bensouda, ya gwada ingancin COVID-19 kuma an kwantar da shi a asibiti don jinya, ya zama babban dan siyasa na shida a kasar da ya gwada inganci.&lt;ref name=&quot;Al Jazeera 4 August2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=UN says coronavirus has disrupted education of 1 billion: Live|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/08/latin-america-tops-million-coronavirus-cases-live-updates-200803231440849.html|access-date=6 August 2020|date=4 August 2020|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|last1=Regencia|first1=Ted|last2=Ibrahim|first2=Arwa|last3=Siddiqui|first3=Usaid|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806172007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/08/latin-america-tops-million-coronavirus-cases-live-updates-200803231440849.html|archive-date=6 August 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Mayor Talib Bensouda announced this afternoon that he tested positive for Covid-19|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1lCzlRiu6Y|access-date=6 August 2020|date=4 August 2020|publisher=[[YouTube]]|author=Fatou, Kerr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806174700/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1lCzlRiu6Y|archive-date=6 August 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamfanin jirgin sama mai zaman kansa na Najeriya [[Air Peace|Air Peace ya]] sanar da cewa an rage albashi sannan kuma an rage ma matuka jiragen sama kusan 70 aiki sakamakon illar da annobar COVID-19 ke yi a jiragen sama.&lt;ref name=&quot;Al Jazeera 4 August2&quot; /&gt;

An sanar da mataimakin shugaban kasar Zimbabwe Constantino Chiwenga a matsayin sabon ministan lafiya na kasar, bayan korar tsohon minista Obadiah Moyo bisa wasu zarge-zargen cin hanci da rashawa da suka shafi yadda gwamnati ke tafiyar da cutar amai da gudawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Al Jazeera 4 August2&quot;/&gt;

== Arewacin Afirka ==

=== Masar ===
[[File:Egypt_Metro_Covid19.jpg|thumb| Mata sanye da abin rufe fuska a Masar]]

==== Taƙaita tafiye-tafiye ====
Ministan sufurin jiragen sama ya rufe filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama tare da dakatar da dukkan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama daga ranar 19 ga Maris.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2020/03/16/egypt-shuts-down-airports-suspends-air-travel-pm/|title=Egypt Shuts Down Airports, Suspends Air Travel: PM|date=16 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matakin dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a Masar ya fara aiki ne daga ranar 19 ga Maris zuwa 31 ga Maris.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Arabic2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=فيروس كورونا: حالة وفاة و46 إصابة جديدة في مصر وتزايد الإصابات في دول عربية|publisher=[[BBC Arabic]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/arabic/middleeast-51963726|trans-title=Corona Virus: One death, 46 new infections in Egypt, and increasing infections in Arab countries|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320110826/https://www.bbc.com/arabic/middleeast-51963726|archive-date=20 March 2020|date=19 March 2020|url-status=live|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Lokacin Gwaji ====
Ya zuwa ranar 25 ga Maris, ma'aikatar lafiya ta sanar da cewa an yi gwajin PCR 25,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=25032020&amp;id=913aaaec-a6a9-4e9f-98d0-6a88b6d76fe2|title=وزيرة الصحة: أجرينا 25 ألف تحليل لكورونا بمصر.. و50%؜ من المصابين مخالطين – بوابة الشروق|website=www.shorouknews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tun daga 17 ga Afrilu, an yi gwajin PCR 55,000&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/4/17/مصدر-بالصحة-إجراء-55-ألف-تحليل-PCR-فى-مصر-حتى/4729901|title=مصدر بالصحة: إجراء 55 ألف تحليل PCR فى مصر حتى الآن|date=17 April 2020|website=youm7.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tun daga 23 ga Afrilu, an yi gwajin PCR 90,000&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m.youm7.com/story/2020/4/23/وزيرة-الصحة-إجراء-أكثر-من-90-ألف-تحليل-pcr-لحالات/4740740|title=وزيرة الصحة: إجراء أكثر من 90 ألف تحليل بي سي ار لحالات مشتبه بإصابتها بكورونا|date=23 April 2020|website=akhbarelyom.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tun daga 9 ga Mayu 105,000 an yi gwajin PCR&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1976183|title=كم تحليل بي سي ار اجرته مصر للكشف عن كورونا|date=9 May 2020|website=almasryalyoum.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masar yanzu tana da kayan gwajin PCR sama da 40 da aka tarwatsa ko'ina cikin ƙasar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=وزيرة الصحة عن ارتفاع الإصابات: &quot;حتى الأسر اللي فيها إصابات كورونا لا تلتزم بالعزل&quot; {{!}} المصري اليوم|url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1976192|website=www.almasryalyoum.com|language=ar|access-date=2020-05-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Takaddama ====
Kafofin yada labarai na kasashen waje sun ba da rahoton cewa an [[Bayanai na Covid-19|kama]] wasu mutane bisa zargin yada bayanan karya game da cutar sankarau.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Reporting on the coronavirus: Egypt muzzles critical journalists|url=https://www.dw.com/en/reporting-on-the-coronavirus-egypt-muzzles-critical-journalists/a-53009293|work=Deutsche Welle|date=3 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Egypt is more concerned with controlling information than containing the coronavirus|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-egypt-is-more-concerned-with-controlling-information-than-containing/|work=The Globe and Mail|date=3 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Maroko ===

==== Haramcin tashi ====
[[File:Casablanca_Airport_cancelations_due_to_COVID_19.jpg|thumb| Sokewar tashin jirgi a filin jirgin saman Casablanca sakamakon cutar sankarau ta COVID-19]]
A ranar 13 ga Maris, 2020 Gwamnatin [[Moroko|Maroko ta ba da]] sanarwar dakatar da dukkan zirga-zirgar fasinjoji da mashigin ruwa zuwa da daga [[Aljeriya|Algeria]], [[Ispaniya|Spain]] da [[Faransa]] har sai sanarwa ta gaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/03/13/covid-19-le-maroc-boucle-ses-liaisons-aeriennes-et-maritimes-vers-l-espagne-la-france-et-l-algerie_6032978_3212.html|title=Coronavirus : le Maroc ferme ses liaisons aériennes et maritimes vers l'Espagne, la France et l'Algérie|date=13 March 2020|work=[[Le Monde]]|access-date=14 March 2020|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 14 ga Maris, 2020, Gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama tare da ƙarin ƙasashe 25. A wannan ranar, an dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama zuwa /daga [[Aljeriya]], [[Ispaniya|Spain]], [[Faransa]], [[Italiya]] da [[Sin|China]] . Bayan haka, zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ya ƙare ba da daɗewa ba tsakanin [[Moroko|Maroko]] da [[Austriya|Austria]], [[Baharen|Bahrain]], [[Beljik|Belgium]], [[Brazil]], [[Kanada|Canada]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Denmark]], [[Misra|Masar]], [[Jamus]], [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]], [[Jodan|Jordan]], [[Lebanon]], [[Mali]], [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]], [[Holand|Netherlands]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Niger]], [[Norway]], [[Oman]], [[Portugal]], [[Senegal]], [[Switzerland]], [[Sweden]], [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]], [[Turkiyya]] da [[Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa|UAE]] .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://business.financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/morocco-halts-flights-with-25-more-countries-confirms-18-coronavirus-cases|title=Morocco halts flights with 25 more countries, confirms 18 coronavirus cases|date=14 March 2020|publisher=Financial Post|access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 15 ga Maris, 2020, Gwamnati ta dakatar da dukkan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na kasa da kasa, kuma ba ta sanar da ranar da ake sa ran za a ci gaba da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na kasa da kasa ba. Ya ba da damar wasu tsiraru na jirage ga baƙi masu son tashi su tashi kafin su rufe gaba ɗaya filayen saukar jiragen sama a ranar 22 ga wata.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onda.ma/Je-suis-Passager/Guide-du-voyageur/News-a%C3%A9roportuaires-COVID-19|title=Morocco suspends all international passenger flights – foreign ministry|work=ONDA|date=15 March 2020|access-date=16 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 21 ga watan Yuni, gwamnati ta sake bude manyan filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama don yin jigilar jiragen cikin gida kawai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onda.ma/Je-suis-Passager/Guide-du-voyageur/News-a%C3%A9roportuaires-COVID-19|title=Morocco allows domestic flights, and announces date for international flights to resume|work=ONDA|date=21 June 2020|access-date=21 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 9 ga Yuli, gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ci gaba da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na kasa da kasa, tare da isa ga 'yan Morocco kawai ko kuma na kasashen waje da ke zaune a cikin Masarautar. An bukaci fasinjoji masu shigowa su kawo sakamakon gwajin Coronavirus daga kasarsu ta tashi, wanda aka bayar kasa da awanni 48 na lokacin isowar. An ƙyale ƴan ƙasar Moroko da ke zaune a waje ko kuma baƙi da ke zaune a cikin Masarautar su bar ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onda.ma/Je-suis-Passager/Guide-du-voyageur/News-a%C3%A9roportuaires-COVID-19|title=Morocco allows citizens to enter and exit the country conditionally|work=ONDA|date=9 July 2020|access-date=9 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Yanayin gaggawa na likita ====
Morocco ta ayyana dokar ta-baci a ranar 19 ga Maris, 2020, wanda zai fara aiki a ranar 20 ga Maris, 2020 da karfe 6:00 na yamma agogon gida kuma ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa 20 ga Afrilu 2020 tare da yiwuwar tsawaita na tsawon lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/03/296213/covid-19-morocco-declares-public-health-emergency/|title=COVID-19: Morocco Declares State of Emergency|last=News|first=Morocco World|date=2020-03-19|website=Morocco World News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.maptanger.ma/%d8%a5%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1/|title=إعلان حالة الطوارئ الصحية وتقييد الحركة في البلاد|date=2020-03-19|website=MapTanger|language=ar|access-date=2020-03-19|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320090256/http://www.maptanger.ma/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A6-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan umarnin yana buƙatar izinin jami'an jihohi don 'yan ƙasa su bar gidajensu, yayin da ke keɓance ma'aikata a manyan kantunan, kantin magani, bankuna, tashoshin mai, asibitocin likita, kamfanonin sadarwa, da mahimman ayyuka masu zaman kansu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:012&quot; /&gt; An kafa layin wayar kai tsaye na sa'o'i 24 don &quot;ƙarfafa sadarwa kai tsaye tare da buƙatar yin taka tsantsan don yaƙar tasirin cutar amai da gudawa da kuma kiyaye lafiyar 'yan ƙasa.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/91194/coronavirus-hotline-launched-morocco.html|title=New coronavirus hotline launched in Morocco|last=Yabiladi.com|website=en.yabiladi.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Afrilu, 2020, gwamnati ta yi afuwa ga fursunoni 5,654, kuma ta fitar da hanyoyin kare fursunoni daga barkewar COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-morocco-idUSKBN21N06R|title=Morocco to release 5,654 prisoners amid coronavirus outbreak|date=2020-04-05|work=Reuters|access-date=2020-04-05|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Asusun Gaggawa ====
A ranar 15 ga Maris, Sarki Mohammed VI ya ba da sanarwar ƙirƙirar asusun gaggawa (wanda aka yi wa lakabi da ''Fonds spécial pour la gestion de la pandémie du Coronavirus (Covid-19)'' ) don haɓaka kayayyakin kiwon lafiya da tallafawa sassan tattalin arzikin da abin ya fi shafa. Asusun yana da adadin dirham biliyan 10 (dala biliyan 1).&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-morocco-idUSKBN212173|title=Morocco to create $1 billion fund to counter coronavirus outbreak|date=2020-03-15|work=Reuters|access-date=2020-03-26|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Afirka ta Tsakiya ==

=== Angola ===
Daga ranar 20 ga Maris, an rufe dukkan iyakokin Angola na tsawon kwanaki 15.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/89434/read/Angola-closes-borders-for-15-days|title=Angola closes borders for 15 days|last=Oliveira|first=Yokani|newspaper=[[The Namibian]]|date=19 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba João Lourenço ya haramtawa duk masu isa zuwa filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama tare da dakatar da jiragen ruwa na fasinja zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Angola na tsawon kwanaki 15. Duk waɗannan haramcin za su kasance har zuwa 4 ga Afrilu. An rufe dukkan makarantu a Angola a ranar 24 ga Maris.&lt;ref name=&quot;upstreamonline.com2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.upstreamonline.com/safety/sonangol-official-one-of-two-covid-19-cases-in-angola-report/2-1-779461|title=Sonangol official one of two Covid-19 cases in Angola – report {{!}} Upstream Online|website=Upstream Online {{!}} Latest oil and gas news|language=en|access-date=2020-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kamaru ===

==== Matakan gwamnati ====
A ranar 18 ga Maris, Firayim Ministan Kamaru Joseph Dion Ngute ya rufe iyakokinsa na kasa, sama da na teku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://information.tv5monde.com/video/coronavirus-le-cameroun-ferme-ses-frontieres|title=Coronavirus : le Cameroun ferme ses frontières|date=2020-03-18|website=TV5MONDE|language=fr|access-date=2020-04-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 30 ga Maris, Ministan Lafiya ya ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da wani kamfen na gwajin coronavirus a cikin birnin [[Douala]] . Tawagar da suka sadaukar za su bi gida-gida a babban birnin tattalin arzikin daga ranar 2 zuwa 6 ga Afrilu, in ji ministan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20200331-coronavirus-cameroun-le-silence-paul-biya-face-%C3%A0-l%C3%A9pid%C3%A9mie-fait-parler|title=Coronavirus: au Cameroun, le silence de Paul Biya, face à l'épidémie, fait parler|date=2020-03-31|website=RFI|language=fr|access-date=2020-04-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 10 ga Afrilu, gwamnati ta dauki karin matakai 7 don dakile yaduwar COVID-19 a Kamaru. Waɗannan matakan sun fara aiki daga ranar Litinin, 13 ga Afrilu, 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|title=7 mesures supplémentaires contre la propagation du #Covid19 au #Cameroun Mesure 1 : port du masque obligatoire|date=2020-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Ma'auni 1: Sanya abin rufe fuska a duk wuraren da aka buɗe ga jama'a;
* Ma'auni na 2: Samar da magunguna na gida, gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje, mashin kariya da gels na ruwa-giya;
* Ma'auni 3: Ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da COVID-19 na musamman a duk manyan yankuna;
* Ma'auni 4: Ƙarfafa yaƙin neman zaɓe tare da haɗin gwiwar Cibiyar Pasteur;
* Ma'auni na biyar: Ƙarfafa yaƙin neman zaɓe a birane da karkara cikin harsunan hukuma biyu;
* Ma'auni na 6: Ci gaba da ayyuka masu mahimmanci ga tattalin arziƙin cikin tsananin bin umarnin 17 Maris 2020;
* Ma'auni 7: Takunkumi

A ranar 15 ga Afrilu, biyo bayan ikirarin Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Kungiyar Lauyoyin Kamaru, Shugaba [[Paul Biya|Paul Biya ya ba da]] sanarwar sakin wasu fursunoni dangane da COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/928525/politique/coronavirus-au-cameroun-paul-biya-annonce-la-liberation-de-certains-prisonniers/|title=Coronavirus au Cameroun : Paul Biya annonce la libération de certains prisonniers – Jeune Afrique|date=2020-04-16|website=JeuneAfrique.com|language=fr-FR|access-date=2020-04-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar Talata 5 ga Mayu, Ministan Lafiya ya ba da sanarwar samar wa ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na rufe fuska 50,000, abin rufe fuska 320,000, masu feshin jakunkuna 220, nau'ikan takalmi 10,000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Le Monde.fr2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-05-05|title=Au Cameroun, sur la piste du coronavirus dans les quartiers de Douala|language=fr|work=Le Monde.fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/05/05/au-cameroun-sur-la-piste-du-coronavirus-dans-les-quartiers-de-douala_6038725_3212.html|access-date=2020-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; A karshen watan Yuni, gwamnati ta sanar da cewa za a dage gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta 2021 har zuwa shekarar 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kindzeka|first=Moki E.|date=1 July 2020|title=Cameroon Plans to Improve Infrastructure as AFCON Is Postponed to 2022|url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/cameroon-plans-improve-infrastructure-afcon-postponed-2022|access-date=2020-07-02|website=Voice of America|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo ===

==== Matakan rigakafin ====
An rufe makarantu, mashaya, gidajen abinci, da wuraren ibada. A ranar 19 ga Maris, Shugaba Félix Tshisekedi ya ba da sanarwar dakatar da tashin jirgin.&lt;ref name=&quot;AA 1st death2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Democratic Republic of Congo sees 1st coronavirus death|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/democratic-republic-of-congo-sees-1st-coronavirus-death/1774644|access-date=22 March 2020|work=www.aa.com.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 24 ga Maris, ya sanya dokar ta baci tare da rufe iyakokin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Bonnerot|first=Clément|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200325-dr-congo-president-imposes-state-of-emergency-to-contain-coronavirus-outbreak|title=DR Congo president imposes state of emergency to contain coronavirus outbreak|date=25 March 2020|work=France 24|access-date=25 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Afirka ta Yamma ==

=== Ghana ===
An tabbatar da bullar cutar guda biyu ta farko ta Corona a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2020, lokacin da mutane biyu da suka kamu da cutar suka zo Ghana; daya daga [[Norway]] dayan kuma daga [[Turkiyya]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Duncan|first1=Jude|date=12 March 2020|title=Two cases of coronavirus confirmed in Ghana|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/03/two-cases-of-coronavirus-confirmed-in-ghana/|access-date=16 March 2020|website=Citi Newsroom}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 11 ga Maris, [[Shugaban kasar Ghana|Shugaba]] [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akufo-Addo ya]] umurci Ministan Kudi, Ken Ofori-Atta, da ya samar da cedi kwatankwacin dalar Amurka miliyan 100&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Panic-hits-social-media-as-Ghana-confirms-first-cases-of-coronavirus-893413|title=Panic 'hits' social media as Ghana confirms first cases of coronavirus|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; don inganta shirye-shiryen rigakafin cutar Coronavirus na Ghana da shirin mayar da martani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Coronavirus-MPs-to-have-temperature-tested-before-entering-chamber-Speaker-892792|title=Coronavirus: MPs to have temperature tested before entering chamber – Speaker|website=[[GhanaWeb]]|date=12 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma kaddamar da Asusun Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na COVID-19 don taimakawa wajen yakar cutar.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}}

==== Bans da Kulle ƙasa ====
A ranar 15 ga Maris, da karfe 10 na dare, [[Shugaban kasar Ghana|Shugaba]] [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akufo-Addo ya]] haramta duk wani tarukan jama'a da suka hada da taro, tarurrukan bita, jana'iza, bukukuwa, tarukan siyasa, ayyukan coci da sauran abubuwan da suka danganci hakan don rage yaduwar COVID-19 a wani taron manema labarai kan jihar. na COVID-19. An kuma rufe makarantun asali, manyan manyan makarantu da jami'o'i, na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu. 'Yan takarar BECE da WASSCE ne kawai aka ba su izinin ci gaba da zama a makaranta a ƙarƙashin ka'idojin nisantar da jama'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Nyabor|first1=Jonas|date=15 March 2020|title=Coronavirus: Government bans religious activities, funerals, all other public gatherings|work=Citi Newsroom|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/03/government-bans-church-activities-funerals-all-other-public-gatherings/|access-date=16 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amfani da guga na Veronica ya shahara sosai a Ghana sakamakon barkewar cutar sankarau yayin da 'yan kasar ke ci gaba da wanke hannu akai-akai don dakile yaduwar ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalcommunitiesgh.org/index.php/telling-our-story/62-saving-lives-with-a-little-soap-and-water-new-behavior-change-communication-package-promotes-healthy-hygiene-practices|title=Saving Lives with a Little Soap and Water: New Behavior Change Communication Package promotes healthy hygiene practices – Global Communities Ghana|website=www.globalcommunitiesgh.org|access-date=2020-03-26|archive-date=2020-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326230109/https://www.globalcommunitiesgh.org/index.php/telling-our-story/62-saving-lives-with-a-little-soap-and-water-new-behavior-change-communication-package-promotes-healthy-hygiene-practices|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/banks-in-suhum-step-up-measures-against-coronavirus-spread/ar-BB11ANUJ|title=Banks in Suhum step up measures against coronavirus spread|website=www.msn.com|access-date=2020-03-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 30 ga Maris, rufe wani bangare na [[Accra]] da [[Kumasi]] ya fara aiki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2020/03/covid-19-accra-kumasi-empty-as-lockdown-takes-effect/|title=Covid-19: Accra, Kumasi empty as lockdown takes effect {{!}} Starr Fm|last1=Acheampong|first1=Kwame|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-02|archive-date=2020-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610202909/https://starrfm.com.gh/2020/03/covid-19-accra-kumasi-empty-as-lockdown-takes-effect/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Afrilun 2020, A wani taron manema labarai, Darakta Janar na Hukumar Lafiya ta Ghana, ya sanar da fara samar da abin rufe fuska a cikin gida a wani bangare na kokarin dakile yaduwar cutar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-starts-local-production-of-nose-masks-to-fight-covid-19.html|title=Ghana starts local production of nose masks to fight COVID-19|website=Graphic Online|language=en|access-date=2020-04-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dangane da sabon Instrument Instrument, EI 164, wanda Shugaban kasa ya sanya wa hannu a ranar 15 ga Yuni 2020, mutanen da suka ki sanya abin rufe fuska a bainar jama'a na iya fuskantar hukuncin dauri tsakanin shekaru 4-10 ko kuma tarar tsakanin GHS12,000 (kimanin dalar Amurka $2,065). ) da GHS60,000 (kimanin dalar Amurka 10,320) ko duka biyun za a yi. Wannan ya biyo bayan sanya abin rufe fuska na tilas&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-19|title=Failing to wear face mask to attract hefty fine, 10-year jail term|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/06/failing-to-wear-face-mask-to-attract-hefty-fine-10-year-jail-term/|access-date=2020-06-20|website=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Martanin gwamnati ====
Daga ranar 3 ga Afrilu, sama da kasuwanni 464 sun kamu da cutar a duk fadin kasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/northern-north-east-savannah-regions-disinfect-markets.html|title=Northern, North East, Savannah regions disinfect markets|website=Graphic Online|language=en|access-date=2020-04-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/coronavirus-198-markets-in-eastern-region-disinfected.html|title=Coronavirus: 198 markets in Eastern region disinfected|website=Graphic Online|language=en|access-date=2020-04-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; An fara kashi na biyu na fumigation a fadin kasar a watan Yuli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-20|title=COVID-19: Markets, public places in Kumasi to be disinfected on Tuesday|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/07/covid-19-markets-public-places-in-kumasi-to-be-disinfected-tomorrow/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 23 ga Satumba, MoE tare da GES sun haɗa kai da Zoomlion don lalata SHS a duk faɗin Ghana don share hanya don sake buɗe makarantu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=3rd phase of national disinfection exercise in SHSs begins|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-3rd-phase-of-national-disinfection-exercise-in-shss-begins-2.html|access-date=2020-09-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ministan Kudi ya yi ikirarin a cikin rahoton nasa cewa gwamnati ta kashe kusan cedi miliyan 54.3 na Ghana don samar da dafaffe da abinci ga marasa galihu yayin kulle-kullen na makonni 3.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-23|title=COVID-19: GH¢54.3 million spent on food for vulnerable during lockdown|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/07/covid-19-gh%c2%a254-3-million-spent-on-food-for-vulnerable-during-lockdown/|access-date=2020-07-24|website=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kuma yi ikirarin gwamnati za ta samar da wutar lantarki da ruwa kyauta ga sauran 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Govt announces free electricity for the rest of the year|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/govt-announces-free-electricity-for-the-rest-of-the-year.html|access-date=2020-07-24|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Majalisar dokokin Ghana ta ba da izinin rage harajin cedi miliyan 174 na GHS (kwatankwacin dalar Amurka miliyan 30) kan harajin samun kudin shiga na ma'aikatan sahun gaba. Wannan ya ɗauki tsawon watanni uku daga Yuli zuwa Satumba 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Arhinful, Mensah Opoku|first=Ernest, Duke|date=15 August 2020|title=Parliament approves GHS174M tax waiver for frontline health workers|work=Citi Newsroom|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/08/parliament-approves-ghs174m-tax-waiver-for-frontline-health-workers/|access-date=17 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-08-14|title=Parliament approves GHS174M tax waiver for frontline health workers|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/08/parliament-approves-ghs174m-tax-waiver-for-frontline-health-workers/|access-date=2020-08-15|website=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, MoH ta karɓi software na COVID-19 AI don gano ƙwayar cuta akan X-ray na ƙirji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-10-15|title=GHS Gets AI Software to Enhance Covid-19 Detection|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/ghs-gets-ai-software-to-enhance-covid-19-detection/|access-date=2020-10-15|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gwamnati kuma ta sake ƙaddamar da GH COVID-19 tracker app bayan ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 13 ga Afrilu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghana's COVID-19 Tracker App upgraded|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/govt-re-launches-covid-19-tracker-app.html|access-date=2020-09-03|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ghana ta fara da gida samar da hanci masks kazalika Medical gowns, shugaban inuwõyi, da kuma likita scrubs . Gwamnati ta bayyana cewa kusan abin rufe fuska miliyan 18.8 ne kasar ta kera tare da masana'antu guda daya na samar da abin rufe fuska miliyan daya a rana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-10-20|title=Coronavirus: 18.8 million face masks were produced in Ghana – Deputy Trade Minister|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/Coronavirus-18-8-million-face-masks-were-produced-in-Ghana-Deputy-Trade-Minister-1088836|access-date=2020-10-20|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An gina cibiyoyin jiyya daban-daban a duk faɗin ƙasar kamar [[Cibiyar Cutar Cututtuka ta Ghana|Cibiyar Cututtuka ta Ghana]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-24|title=Bawumia Commissions Ghana's First Infectious Disease Centre|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/bawumia-commissions-ghanas-first-infectious-disease-centre/|access-date=2020-07-25|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; don taimakawa a cikin Jiyya na COVID-19 na ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-21|title=ICU bed facilities, treatment centre to be constructed in Greater Accra, Ashanti Regions – Nana Addo|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/06/icu-bed-facilities-treatment-centre-to-be-constructed-in-greater-accra-ashanti-regions-nana-addo/|access-date=2020-06-21|website=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: Government to expand isolation centers|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/coronavirus-government-to-expand-isolation-centers.html|access-date=2020-07-03|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ghana ta zama kasa ta farko yi amfani da drone jirgin sama a yaki da cutar AIDS ta hanyar da kai daga COVID-19 gwajin samfurori da kuma PPEs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/ghana-using-drones-to-transport-covid-19-tests/|title=In Ghana, Drones Are Turning Out to Be a Key Tool for Transporting COVID-19 Tests|website=Global Citizen|language=en|access-date=2020-06-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/20/zipline-begins-drone-delivery-of-covid-19-test-samples-in-ghana.html|title=Zipline begins drone delivery of COVID-19 test samples in Ghana|website=CNBC|language=en|access-date=2020-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2020-04-23/fight-against-coronavirus-ghana-uses-drones-speed-testing?amp|title=In fight against Coronavirus, Ghana uses drones to speed up testing|website=The World|language=en|access-date=2020-04-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Guinea-Bissau ===

==== Ƙuntatawa ====
[[File:Guinea’s_frontline_healthcare_workers.jpg|thumb| Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na farko na Guinea-Bissau]]
A ranar 27 ga Maris, an ayyana dokar ta-baci don rage yaduwar cutar ta COVID-19 daga gwamnatin Guinea-Bissau . An rufe zirga-zirga ta ruwa da iska da kuma iyakokin kasar. Gwamnati ta kuma aiwatar da ka'idoji da dokoki don hana yaduwar cutar ta COVID-19 a tsakanin al'umma. Waɗannan dokokin sun taƙaita taron jama'a kuma sun ba da damar yin bincike don gano ƙwayar cuta da wuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Meribole|first=Joshua|date=2020-08-14|title=COVID-19 in Guinea-Bissau|url=https://www.borgenmagazine.com/covid-19-in-guinea-bissau/|access-date=2020-11-12|website=BORGEN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugabannin addini da jiga-jigan jama'a ne suka jagoranci rigakafin COVID-19, da kuma ƙungiyoyin ikon gargajiya da ƙungiyoyin jama'a yayin sadarwa da haɗin gwiwar jama'a. An tallafa wa iyalai na Guinea ta hanyar wayar da kan jama'a da bayanan rigakafin cutar ta COVID-19 waɗanda aka bayar ta hanyar cibiyoyin sadarwa, ƙungiyoyi da gidajen rediyo mafi mahimmanci, waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen rage shingen zamantakewa da al'adu kamar halaye, bambance-bambancen al'adu, ƙabila da matsayi waɗanda ke shafar samun damar bayanai game da su. COVID-19 a Guinea-Bissau.&lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Barros|date=2020|pmc=7267172|issn=0893-0465|doi=10.1111/ciso.12262|issue=1|volume=32|journal=City &amp; Society|url=|title=State of &quot;Emergency&quot; for health but State of &quot;Exception&quot; for people: Guinea‐Bissau's paradox in the battle against Covid‐19|first6=Rui|first1=Miguel|last6=Jorge Semedo|first5=Fatumata|last5=Jau|first4=Cadija|last4=Mané|first3=Aliu Soares|last3=Cassamá|first2=Anaxore|last2=Casimiro|pmid=32514226}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gwamnatin Guinea-Bissau da [[UNICEF|Asusun Tallafawa]] [[UNICEF|Yara na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] (UNICEF) sun taimaka a kasar Guinea-Bissau wajen dakile annobar. UNICEF da Sakatariyar Harkokin Sadarwar Jama'a sun haɗa matakan rigakafi da dabaru ga jama'ar Bissau-Guinean ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarun da kuma gidan talabijin na kasa don hana yaduwar COVID-19. Hukumar UNICEF (Shirin WASH ) ta samar da tsaftar muhalli a cikin al'ummomi 960 a duk fadin kasar don dakile yaduwar cutar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:43&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Meribole|first=Joshua|date=2020-08-14|title=COVID-19 in Guinea-Bissau|url=https://www.borgenmagazine.com/covid-19-in-guinea-bissau/|access-date=2020-11-12|website=BORGEN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Tallafin kudi ====
Guinea-Bissau tana samun tallafi daga kungiyoyi da yawa da suka hada da Global Partnership for Education (GPE), MPTF da GAVI, da kuma gwamnatin Guinea-Bissau wacce ta samar da dala 200,000 ga kasar don taimakawa wajen tsare COVID-19.&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;/&gt; Ma'aikatun Kuɗi da Lafiya sun tallafa wa asibitoci da kuɗi a Guinea Bissau a ranar 27 ga Maris 2020. Manufar kasafin kudi ta tallafawa da inganta asibitoci. Likitoci da ma’aikatan jinya sun karɓi fa’idodin albashi na $55,000 kowane wata da dala 50,000 na magani yayin da aka keɓe $100,000 don abinci don ciyar da marasa lafiya da ma’aikatan asibitin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:43&quot;/&gt; Wani jami'in hukumar lafiya ta duniya WHO a kasar Guinea-Bissau ya sanar da cewa, kasar [[Cuba]] ta aike da tawagar likitoci da suka hada da likitoci da ma'aikatan jinya don taimakawa wajen yaki da cutar a lokacin barkewar cutar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tih|first=Felix|date=29 June 2020|title=Cuban medical team in Guinea-Bissau to combat COVID-19|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/cuban-medical-team-in-guinea-bissau-to-combat-covid-19/1893700|access-date=13 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mali ===
Shugaban kasar Mali Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta ya ayyana dokar ta baci tare da kafa dokar hana fita daga karfe 9:00 na dare zuwa karfe 5:00 na yamma.&amp;nbsp;ina&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.maliweb.net/nation/coronavirus-au-mali-•4-cas-enregistres-en-deux-jours-•le-president-declare-letat-durgence-sanitaire-et-instaure-le-couvre-feu-2865061.html|title=maliweb.net – Coronavirus au Mali : •4 cas enregistrés en deux jours • Le Président déclare l'état d'urgence sanitaire et instaure le couvre-feu|last=Républicain|first=Le|language=fr-FR|access-date=2020-04-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 18 ga Maris, Shugaba [[Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta|Ibrahim Boubacar Keita ya]] dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama daga kasashen da abin ya shafa, ya rufe makarantu tare da hana manyan tarukan jama'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Mali suspends flights from COVID-19-hit countries|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/mali-suspends-flights-from-covid-19-hit-countries-/1769908|work=Anadolu Agency|date=18 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sai dai kuma zaben da aka shirya a watan Maris-Afrilu, wanda tuni aka dage shi sau da dama saboda rashin tsaro a kasar, ya ci gaba kamar yadda aka tsara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Mali Proceeds With Elections Despite Coronavirus Fears|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2020/03/19/mali-proceeds-with-elections-despite-coronavirus-fears/|work=[[Channels TV]]|date=19 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Najeriya ===

==== Hana tafiye-tafiye ====
A ranar 18 ga watan Maris ne Najeriya ta sanya dokar hana fita zuwa kasashe 13 masu dauke da cutar, kasashen sun hada da; [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], [[Birtaniya]], [[Koriya ta Kudu]], [[Switzerland]], [[Jamus]], [[Faransa]], [[Italiya]], [[Sin|China]], [[Ispaniya|Spain]], [[Holand|Netherlands]], [[Norway]], [[Japan]] da [[Iran]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-fg-places-travel-ban-on-china-italy-us-uk-others|title=UPDATED: FG places travel ban on China, Italy, US, UK, nine others|last=Ogundele|first=Kamarudeen|date=18 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020|publisher=[[The Punch|The Punch Newspaper]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== martanin gwamnatin tarayya ====
Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta umurci cibiyoyi da su rufe na tsawon kwanaki 30 a matsayin matakin dakile yaduwar COVID-19. Haka kuma ta haramta taron jama'a. Gwamnatin jihar Legas ta bukaci makarantu da su rufe tare da hana tarukan jama’a sama da 50, musamman tarukan addini.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|access-date=19 March 2020|title=Nigerian Government Places Lock-down Measures Against COVID-19|url=https://qz.com/africa/1821361/coronavirus-lagos-nigeria-shuts-schools-ban-public-gatherings|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320132615/https://qz.com/africa/1821361/coronavirus-lagos-nigeria-shuts-schools-ban-public-gatherings/|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|access-date=20 March 2020|title=COVID-19: Federal Government Orders Immediate Shutdown of Schools|url=https://nairametrics.com/2020/03/20/covid-19-fg-orders-immediate-shut-down-of-all-schools|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322205007/https://nairametrics.com/2020/03/20/covid-19-fg-orders-immediate-shut-down-of-all-schools/|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gwamnatin Najeriya ta sanar a ranar 4 ga Afrilu game da samar da mutane 500&amp;nbsp;Naira biliyan 1.39&amp;nbsp;biliyan) asusun shiga rikicin coronavirus don haɓaka kayan aikin kiwon lafiya. Shugaban Malawi Peter Mutharika ya ba da sanarwar matakai da yawa don tallafawa kanana da matsakaitan 'yan kasuwa da suka hada da karya haraji, rage alawus alawus na mai da kara alawus alawus ga ma'aikatan lafiya. Shugaban kasar ya kuma bayyana cewa shi da majalisar ministocinsa za su rage kashi 10 cikin 100 na albashi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Al Jazeera 4 April reports2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Regencia|first1=Ted|last2=Stepansky|first2=Joseph|last3=Uras|first3=Umut|title=Coronavirus cases in US go past 300,000: Live updates|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/recession-coronavirus-crisis-live-updates-200403233012626.html|access-date=5 April 2020|date=4 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405114856/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/recession-coronavirus-crisis-live-updates-200403233012626.html|archive-date=5 April 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Makarantu da dama a Najeriya sun rufe, biyo bayan umarnin gwamnatin tarayya a Abuja. Wannan ya sa Hukumar Gudanar da daya daga cikin makarantun da ke da yawan jama'a a Najeriya, [[Federal Polytechnic, Nekede|Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri]], ta ayyana hutun gaggawa a matsayin rigakafin cutar ta COVID-19, tare da bayyana cewa hutun gaggawa zai dauki kwanaki 30. Cibiyar ta riga ta kayyade ranakun jarrabawar shekarar karatu ta 2019/2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|access-date=21 March 2020|title=Federal Polytechnic Nekede Dismissed Students Over COVID-19|url=https://allschool.com.ng/nekede-poly-shuts-down-school|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322010347/https://allschool.com.ng/nekede-poly-shuts-down-school|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Martanin gwamnatin jihar ====
A ranar 9 ga watan Maris ne [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] [[Muhammadu Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari ya]] kafa kwamitin yaki da cutar a kasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-names-task-force-on-coronavirus|last=Daka|first=FTerhemba|title=Buhari names task force on coronavirus|date=10 March 2020|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317135513/https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-names-task-force-on-coronavirus/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/buhari-sets-up-12-member-task-force-to-control-coronavirus|title=Buhari sets up 12 member Task Force to control Coronavirus|last=Agbakwuru|first=Johnbosco|date=9 March 2020|access-date=11 March 2020|publisher=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard Newspaper]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 30 ga Maris, gwamnatin jihar Adamawa ta ba da sanarwar rufe iyakokin jihohinsu na tsawon kwanaki 14 daga ranar 31 ga Maris, tare da ba da umarnin rufe iyakokin jihar baki daya. Gwamnatin jihar ta kuma sanar da cewa haramcin ya shafi masu tuka keke masu hawa uku, motocin haya da motocin bas a duk fadin jihar. Gwamnatin jihar ta kuma haramta gudanar da ayyukan jin kai tare da bayar da umarnin rufe duk kasuwannin, in ban da kasuwannin abinci, kasuwannin magunguna da gidajen mai, inda ta umurci bankunan da su samar da ayyukan kwarangwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/fintiri-orders-adamawa-lockdown-over-coronavirus|title=Fintiri orders Adamawa lockdown over coronavirus|last=Shobiye|first=Hamed|date=30 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020|publisher=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard Newspaper]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dokar hana fita a jihar Ogun da ya kamata ta fara daga ranar 30 ga Maris, ta fara aiki ne daga ranar 3 ga watan Afrilu, bayan da gwamnatin jihar ta bukaci gwamnatin tarayya ta ba su damar samar da abinci ga mazauna yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-lockdown-of-ogun-now-shifted-to-friday-says-abiodun|title=BREAKING: Lockdown of Ogun now shifted to Friday- Abiodun|last=Olatunji|first=Daud|date=30 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020|publisher=[[The Punch|The Punch Newspaper]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gabashin Afirka ==

=== Habasha ===
A ranar 16 ga Maris, 2020, ofishin Firayim Minista ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a dakatar da makarantu, wasannin motsa jiki, da tarukan jama'a na tsawon kwanaki 15.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/covid-19-ethiopia-closes-schools-bans-public-events/1767683|title=COVID-19: Ethiopia closes schools, bans public events|website=aa.com.tr|access-date=16 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 20 ga Maris, 2020, [[Ethiopian Airlines|Jirgin saman Habasha ya]] dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama zuwa kasashe 30 da suka kamu da cutar korona&lt;ref name=&quot;fanabc.com2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/english/ethiopia-suspends-flights-to-30-countries|title=Ethiopia Suspends Flights To 30 Countries|publisher=fanabc.com|access-date=20 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a ranar 29 ga Maris 2020, ya tsawaita zuwa kasashe sama da 80.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/english/ethiopian-suspends-flights-to-80-international-destinations|title=Ethiopian Suspends Flights To 80 International Destinations|website=fanabc.com|access-date=30 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite tweet|user=flyethiopian|author=Ethiopian Airlines|number=1244266257484038145|date=29 March 2020|title=Announcement from Ethiopian Airlines Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An ba da sanarwar a ranar 20 ga Maris cewa, duk wanda zai shiga kasar ya kamata ya keɓe kansa na tilas na kwanaki 14. Kungiyoyin dare a [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]] su ma za su kasance a rufe har sai an sanar da su.&lt;ref name=&quot;fanabc.com2&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 23 ga Maris, 2020, Habasha ta rufe dukkan iyakokin kasa kuma ta tura jami'an tsaro don dakatar da zirga-zirgar mutane a kan iyakokin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-23/ethiopia-closes-land-border-deploys-troops-to-combat-virus|title=Ethiopia Closes Land Border, Deploys Troops to Combat Virus|publisher=bloomberg.com|access-date=23 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2020, Majalisar Ministoci ta ayyana dokar ta-baci ta tsawon watanni biyar a matsayin martani ga karuwar adadin masu kamuwa da cutar coronavirus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/english/ethiopia-declares-state-of-emergency-over-covid19|title=Ethiopia Declares State Of Emergency Over COVID19|website=fanabc.com|access-date=8 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ethiopianmonitor.com/2020/04/08/ethiopia-declares-state-of-emergency-over-coronavirus|title=Ethiopia Declares State of Emergency over coronavirus|website=ethiopianmonitor.com|access-date=8 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Majalisar ta amince da dokar ta baci ne a ranar 10 ga Afrilu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/english/ethiopian-parliament-approves-state-of-emergency|title=Ethiopian Parliament Approves State Of Emergency|publisher=fanabc.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=10 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Gwamnatocin yanki ====
Bayan da aka samu rahoton bullar cutar da dama, yankuna da dama na kasar sun dauki matakan hana yaduwar cutar. Amhara, Oromia, Tigray, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, Benishangul Gumuz, Afar, Somali, Gambela sun sanya dokar hana tafiye-tafiye da kulle-kullen.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ezega.com/News/NewsDetails/7865/Ethiopian-Regional-States-Impose-Travel-Ban-to-Halt-Spread-of-COVID-19|title=Ethiopian Regional States Impose Travel Ban to Halt Spread of COVID-19|publisher=ezega.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=30 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Amhara ====
A ranar 25 ga Maris, 2020, gwamnatin yankin Amhara ta umarci ma'aikatan gwamnati da ke cikin haɗarin yin aiki daga gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%ab-%e1%8a%ad%e1%88%8d%e1%88%8d-%e1%88%88%e1%8a%ae%e1%88%ae%e1%8a%93-%e1%89%ab%e1%8b%ad%e1%88%a8%e1%88%b5-%e1%89%b0%e1%8c%8b%e1%88%8b%e1%8c%ad-%e1%8b%a8%e1%88%86/|title=የአማራ ክልል ለኮሮና ቫይረስ ተጋላጭ የሆኑ የመንግስት ሰራተኞች ቤታቸው ሆነው ስራቸውን እንዲያከናውኑ ውሳኔ አሳለፈ|website=fanabc.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=25 March 2020|trans-title=The Amhara regional government ordered civil servants that are high-risk of COVID-19 to work from home}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 29 ga watan Maris, 2020, an ba da umarnin hana duk motocin jigilar jama'a masu shigowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/%e1%8b%88%e1%8b%b0-%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%ab-%e1%8a%ad%e1%88%8d%e1%88%8d-%e1%8b%a8%e1%88%95%e1%8b%9d%e1%89%a5-%e1%88%9b%e1%88%98%e1%88%8b%e1%88%88%e1%88%bb-%e1%89%b0%e1%88%bd%e1%8a%a8%e1%88%ad|title=ወደ አማራ ክልል የሕዝብ ማመላለሻ ተሽከርካሪ እንዳይገባ እገዳ ተጣለ|website=fanabc.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=31 March 2020|trans-title=Amhara Regional State bans on all incoming public transport vehicles}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 30 ga watan Maris, 2020, an sanar da cewa duk wanda ya dawo daga kasashen waje a cikin makonni uku da suka gabata ya kai rahoto ga ofisoshin lafiya na cikin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%ab-%e1%8a%ad%e1%88%8d%e1%88%8d-%e1%89%a3%e1%88%88%e1%8d%89%e1%89%b5-%e1%88%b6%e1%88%b5%e1%89%b5-%e1%88%b3%e1%88%9d%e1%8a%95%e1%89%b3-%e1%8a%a8%e1%8b%8d%e1%8c%ad|title=የአማራ ክልል ባለፉት ሶስት ሳምንታ ከውጭ ሀገራት ወደ ክልሉ የተመለሱ ዜጎች በየአካባቢያቸው ለሚገኝ የመንግስት የጤና ተቋም ሪፖርት እንዲያደርጉ አሳሰበ|website=fanabc.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=31 March 2020|trans-title=Amhara regional state orders that anyone who returned from abroad in the previous three weeks to report to the local health offices.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 31 ga watan Maris, 2020, an sanya dokar hana fita na [[Baher Dar|tsawon kwanaki 14 a Bahir Dar da wasu garuruwa uku.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%ab-%e1%8a%ad%e1%88%8d%e1%88%8d-%e1%89%a04-%e1%8a%a8%e1%89%b0%e1%88%9e%e1%89%bd-%e1%88%9b%e1%8a%95%e1%8a%9b%e1%8b%8d%e1%88%9d-%e1%8a%a0%e1%8b%ad%e1%8a%90%e1%89%b5|title=በአማራ ክልል ባህርዳርን ጨምሮ በ4 ከተሞች ማንኛውም አይነት የህዝብና የተሽከርካሪ እንቅስቃሴ እንዳይኖር ተወሰነ|website=fanabc.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=31 March 2020|trans-title=Amhara regional state introduced total lockdown in 4 cities including Bahir Dar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Oromia ====
A ranar 29 ga watan Maris, 2020, birnin Adama na Oromia inda ya ba da umarnin dakatar da zirga-zirgar jama'a a gaba daya. Umurnin kuma ya zo ne bayan da wasu mutane biyu suka gwada ingancin kwayar cutar a cikin birnin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ezega.com/News/NewsDetails/7864/Adama-City-Freezes-Transportation-Services-over-COVID-19|title=Adama City Freezes Transportation Services over COVID-19|website=ezega.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=30 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garin Asella da Metu sun kuma dauki matakan hana zirga-zirgar jama'a zuwa ko daga birnin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Facebook|Mettu-Town-Government-Communication-Affairs-Office-1524063014587333|name=Mettu Town Government Communication Affairs Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 30 ga Maris, 2020, an sanya cikakken dokar hana zirga-zirgar jama'a ta ƙetare da birane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ezega.com/News/NewsDetails/7865/Ethiopian-Regional-States-Impose-Travel-Ban-to-Halt-Spread-of-COVID-19|title=Ethiopian Regional States Impose Travel Ban to Halt Spread of COVID-19|website=ezega.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=30 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 2020, [[Yankin Oromia|jihar ta]] saki fursunoni 13,231.&lt;ref&gt;{{Facebook|fanabroadcasting/photos/a.332889983468414/2915894328501287/|FBC (Fana Broadcasting Corporate S.C.)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tigray ===
A ranar 26 ga Maris, 2020, [[Yankin Tigray|yankin Tigray ya]] ayyana dokar ta baci ta tsawon kwanaki 15 a fadin yankin, tare da hana duk wani tafiye-tafiye da ayyukan jama'a a yankin don hana yaduwar cutar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.africanews.com/2020/03/26/ethiopia-s-coronavirus-rules-crowd-ban-free-transport-regulate-essentials-etc|title=Ethiopia's Tigray region declares coronavirus state of emergency|website=africanews.com|access-date=27 March 2020}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 29 ga Maris, 2020, an ba da umarnin rufe duk wuraren shakatawa da gidajen abinci. Matakan da aka dauka sun kuma hada da hana masu gidaje korar masu haya ko kara haya. Ana kuma bukatar duk wani matafiya da zai shiga jihar ya kai rahoto ga ofishin lafiya mafi kusa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://addisfortune.news/news-alert/tigray-state-orders-cafes-restaurants-closure/|title=Tigray State Orders Cafes, Restaurants Closure|website=addisfortune.news|access-date=10 April 2020|date=29 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 2020, jihar ta saki fursunoni 1,601.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/%e1%89%a0%e1%89%b5%e1%8c%8d%e1%88%ab%e1%8b%ad-%e1%8a%ad%e1%88%8d%e1%88%8d-1%e1%88%ba%e1%88%85-601-%e1%8b%a8%e1%88%85%e1%8c%8d-%e1%89%b3%e1%88%ab%e1%88%9a%e1%8b%8e%e1%89%bd-%e1%89%a0%e1%8b%ad%e1%89%85/|title=በትግራይ ክልል 1ሺህ 601 የህግ ታራሚዎች በይቅርታ መለቀቃቸው ተገለፀ|website=fanabc.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=7 April 2020|trans-title=1,601 prisoners were reported to have been pardoned in Tigray Region}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kenya ===
Dangane da hauhawar cututtukan coronavirus a Kenya zuwa uku, a ranar 15 ga Maris [[Gwamnatin Kenya|gwamnatin Kenya ta]] rufe dukkan makarantu tare da ba da umarnin cewa duk ma'aikatan gwamnati da masu zaman kansu su yi aiki daga gida, a duk inda zai yiwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/scienceandhealth/Coronavirus-update-Kenya/3073694-5492136-splkgfz/index.html|title=Coronavirus: Kenya confirms 2 more cases|website=The East African|language=en|access-date=22 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya an sanya takunkumin tafiye-tafiye don hana waɗanda ba mazauna wurin shiga ba. An bukaci 'yan kasar Kenya da mazauna yankin su ware kansu na tsawon kwanaki goma sha hudu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/kenya-blocks-entry-residents-virus-response-200315154944348.html|title=Kenya blocks entry for non-residents in virus response|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=22 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Garden_City_Mall_02.jpg|thumb|Lambun City Mall babu kowa a sakamakon hana COVID-19]]
A ranar 22 ga Maris, bayan tabbatar da karin wasu kararraki takwas, wanda ya kawo jimillar mutane 16 a fadin kasar, gwamnatin Kenya ta gabatar da karin matakai da umarni don rage yaduwar cutar Coronavirus a kasar. Waɗannan matakan sun haɗa da dakatar da duk zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na ƙasa da ƙasa da tsakar dare ranar 25 ga Maris, ban da jigilar kaya (duk mutanen da ke shiga ƙasar za a tilasta musu keɓe kansu a wata cibiyar gwamnati). Gwamnatin ta kuma bayyana cewa, duk wani mutum, ciki har da manyan jami’an gwamnati, da aka samu ya saba wa matakan keɓe, za a keɓe shi da kuɗaɗen su. Duk sanduna za su kasance a rufe daga ranar 22 ga Maris, tare da ba da izinin gidajen cin abinci su kasance a buɗe don ayyukan ɗaukar kaya kawai. Duk motocin sabis na jama'a kamar [[Matatu|matatus]] da bas bas dole ne su bi ka'idodin nisantar fasinja da aka tsara a baya a ranar 20 ga Maris. Bugu da kari, duk wani taron jama'a a majami'u, masallatai, jana'izar da sauran wurare an hana su fiye da mutane 15, kuma an hana bukukuwan aure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kenya-today.com/news/breaking-8-new-coronavirus-cases-search-for-363-persons-who-had-contact-with-victims-continues|title=8 new Coronavirus cases, search for 363 persons who had contact with victims continues|website=www.kenya-today.com|access-date=23 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dokar hana fita a fadin kasar da martanin 'yan sanda ===
Dokar hana fita daga karfe 7 na yamma - 5 na safe da aka sanar a ranar 25 ga Maris tana tare da rahotannin [[Zaluntar 'yan sanda|zaluncin 'yan sanda]] .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001366037/sticks-stones-and-broken-bones-in-first-curfew-night|website=www.standardmedia.co.ke|title=Sticks, stones and broken bones in first curfew night|date=28 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayanai na farko da faifan bidiyo a birane da yawa, ciki har da [[Nairobi]] da [[Mombasa]], sun nuna cewa 'yan sanda sun yi amfani da duka da hayaki mai sa hawaye a ranar 27 ga Maris. Wasu asusun sun nuna cewa tsare ya haifar da cunkoson jama'a zuwa kananan yankuna, sabanin manufar dokar hana fita na kara nisantar da jama'a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya jami'an Kenya da cibiyoyin gwamnati sun yi tir da halin 'yan sanda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001365989/stop-beating-kenyans-during-curfew-leaders-tell-police|website=www.standardmedia.co.ke|title=Stop bludgeoning Kenyans during curfew, leaders tell police|date=28 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Martanin tattalin arziki ===
A ranar 25 ga Maris, [[Shugaban kasar Kenya|Shugaba]] [[Uhuru Kenyatta]], bayan rahoton karin wasu kararraki uku, ya ba da sanarwar kafa dokar hana fita a fadin kasar kan zirga-zirgar da ba ta da izini daga karfe 7 na yamma zuwa 5 na safe daga ranar Juma'a, 27 ga Maris. Gwamnati ta kuma bayyana matakan dakile 'yan Kenya kan matsalolin kudi da ke haifar da takunkumin motsi da ke da alaƙa da rikicin coronavirus.&lt;ref name=&quot;k24tv.co.ke2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.k24tv.co.ke/news/tax-relief-crb-listing-suspension-here-are-all-directives-issued-by-pres-kenyatta-to-ensure-you-have-more-money-in-your-pocket-18275/|website=www.k24tv.co.ke|title=Tax relief, CRB-listing suspension: Here are all directives issued by Pres. Kenyatta to ensure you have more money in your pocket|date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Madagascar ===
An aiwatar da kulle-kulle a akalla birane biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sumitomo halts2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Sumitomo halts mines in Bolivia, Madagascar|url=https://www.mining.com/sumitomo-halts-mines-in-bolivia-madagascar/|access-date=26 March 2020|work=MINING.COM|date=26 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar a ranar 17 ga Maris cewa za a dakatar da duk zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na kasa da kasa na tsawon kwanaki 30 daga 20 ga Maris.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://mg2.mofcom.gov.cn/article/chinanews/202003/20200302946118.shtml|title=Madagascar suspend toutes les liaisons aériennes régionales et internationales|date=2020-03-18|website=mofcom.gov.cn|access-date=2020-03-30|language=fr|archive-date=2020-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318071426/http://mg2.mofcom.gov.cn/article/chinanews/202003/20200302946118.shtml|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; A yankin tsakiyar kasar tare da Antananarivo, an sanya dokar hana fita daga ranar 6 zuwa 20 ga Yuli sakamakon karuwar sabbin lamura a babban birnin kasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Madagascar reimposes lockdown in capital as coronavirus cases surge|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/06/africa/madagascar-lockdown-coronavirus-intl/index.html|publisher=CNN|access-date=7 July 2020|date=6 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Babban Bankin Madagascar|Babban bankin kasar Madagascar ya]] zuba daruruwan biliyoyin ariary a cikin tsarin banki don saukaka barnar tattalin arzikin da [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19 ya]] haifar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Madagascar's central bank injects cash to support economy due to virus|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-madagascar-economy/madagascars-central-bank-injects-cash-to-support-economy-due-to-virus-idUSL8N2BH6J1|access-date=26 March 2020|work=Reuters|date=24 March 2020|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 20 ga Afrilu, 2020,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Madagascar : Andry Rajoelina lance son remède contre le coronavirus|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/931620/societe/madagascar-andry-rajoelina-lance-son-remede-contre-le-coronavirus/|publisher=jeuneafrique|language=fr-FR|access-date=7 July 2020|date=21 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaban Madagascar [[Andry Rajoelina]] ya ƙaddamar da &quot;maganin&quot; coronavirus a [[Covid-Organics|hukumance wanda aka yiwa lakabi da Covid-Organics]] . [[Cibiyar Bincike ta Madagascar|Cibiyar Nazarin]] Aiwatarwa ta Madagaska (MIAR) ta haɓaka, an yi shayin ganyen shayi ta hanyar amfani da [[Artemisia (jinin)|artemisia]] da sauran ganyayen da ake samu a cikin gida. An aike da sojoji don raba rukunin Covid-Organic, tare da Kanar Willy Ratovondrainy ya sanar a gidan talabijin na jihar cewa shayin zai &quot;ƙarfafa rigakafi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Madagascar hands out 'miracle' coronavirus cure as it lifts lockdown|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/africa/madagascar-hands-out-miracle-coronavirus-cure-as-it-lifts-lockdown|access-date=7 May 2020|work=[[The Straits Times]]|date=23 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502065651/http://www.straitstimes.com/world/africa/madagascar-hands-out-miracle-coronavirus-cure-as-it-lifts-lockdown|archive-date=2 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, [[National Academy of Medicine na Madagascar|Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta Madagaska]] (ANAMEM) ta bayyana shakkun ta, yayin da [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) ta yi gargadin cewa babu wata hujja ga duk wani maganin cutar Coronavirus a lokacin ƙaddamar da Covid-Organic. Kungiyar [[Taraiyar Afirka|Tarayyar Afirka]] ta shiga tattaunawa da gwamnatin Malagasy domin a gwada ingancin maganin.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC 22 April2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Coronavirus: Caution urged over Madagascar's 'herbal cure'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52374250|access-date=7 May 2020|work=[[BBC News]]|date=22 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430104857/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52374250|archive-date=30 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Coronavirus: What is Madagascar's 'herbal remedy' Covid-Organics?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/coronavirus-madagascar-herbal-remedy-covid-organics-200505131055598.html|access-date=5 May 2020|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=5 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505232624/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/coronavirus-madagascar-herbal-remedy-covid-organics-200505131055598.html|archive-date=5 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mauritius ==

=== Rufe cibiyoyin ilimi ===
A ranar 18 ga Maris, 2020, a cikin sabbin lamuran da aka tabbatar da su a Mauritius, [[Gwamnatin Mauritius|Gwamnatin Mauritius ta ba da]] sanarwar cewa za a rufe dukkan makarantu da jami'o'i har sai an samu sanarwa. An ba da shirye-shiryen ilimi ga duk ɗalibai akan layi da kuma a talabijin ta hanyar Gidan [[Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Mauritius|Watsa Labarai na Mauritius]].&lt;ref name=&quot;educa3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/covid-19confinement-education-voici-les-details-des-cours-en-ligne-et-la-tele|title=Covid-19/Confinement- Education : voici les détails des cours en ligne et à la télé|date=1 April 2020|work=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;educa22&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/covid-19-et-confinement-education-des-cours-la-television-et-en-ligne-destines-aux-eleves|title=Covid-19 et confinement – Education : des cours à la télévision et en ligne destinés aux élèves|date=1 April 2020|work=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Mayun 2020, gwamnati ta amince da rarraba [[Kwamfutar kwamfutar hannu|kwamfutocin kwamfutar hannu guda]] 2,500 ga yaran da ke cikin rajistar tsaro na zamantakewa.&lt;ref name=&quot;tablet2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/ariane-navarre-marie-ce-projet-de-loi-vient-reprendre-les-droits-acquis-des-travailleurs|title=CAriane Navarre-Marie : &quot; Ce projet de loi vient reprendre les droits acquis des travailleurs &quot;|date=14 May 2020|work=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ƙuntatawa na tafiya da shigarwa ==
A ranar 18 ga Maris, 2020, Firayim Ministan Mauritius ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a hana duk fasinjoji, ciki har da Mauritius da baki, shiga yankin Mauritius na tsawon kwanaki 15 masu zuwa, wanda ya fara da karfe 6:00 GMT (10:10 na safe agogon Mauritius). Fasinjojin da ke son barin Mauritius za a bar su su tashi. Haka kuma za a bar jiragen dakon kaya da jiragen ruwa shiga kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fourth2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/coronavirus-aucun-passager-ne-sera-autorise-sur-le-territoire-mauricien-partir-de-ce-jeudi|title=Coronavirus : aucun passager ne sera autorisé sur le territoire mauricien à partir de ce jeudi|date=18 March 2020|work=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|language=fr|access-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319183917/https://defimedia.info/coronavirus-aucun-passager-ne-sera-autorise-sur-le-territoire-mauricien-partir-de-ce-jeudi|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bani2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/trois-cas-positifs-au-covid-19-tout-passager-interdit-dacces-pendant-les-15-prochains-jours|title=Trois cas positifs au Covid-19 : tout passager interdit d'accès pendant les 15 prochains jours|date=19 March 2020|work=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|language=fr|access-date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320200136/https://defimedia.info/trois-cas-positifs-au-covid-19-tout-passager-interdit-dacces-pendant-les-15-prochains-jours|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba wa wasu 'yan Mauritius da suka makale a filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama daban-daban na duniya izinin shiga yankin Mauritius a ranar 22 ga Maris 2020. An bukaci su shafe kwanaki 14 a keɓe a wurare daban-daban da gwamnati ta ba su.&lt;ref name=&quot;Twelve2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/laeroport-de-plaisance-quelque-300-mauriciens-venant-de-londres-et-mumbai-ont-ete-rapatries-indique-girish-appaya|title=L'aéroport de Plaisance : &quot; quelque 300 Mauriciens venant de Londres et Mumbai ont été rapatriés &quot;, indique Girish Appaya|date=22 March 2020|work=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|language=fr|access-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322091256/https://defimedia.info/laeroport-de-plaisance-quelque-300-mauriciens-venant-de-londres-et-mumbai-ont-ete-rapatries-indique-girish-appaya|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Doka ==
A ranar 19 ga Maris, 2020, an buga sanarwa, oda da ƙa'idodi masu zuwa a cikin Gazette na Gwamnati:

:* Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta kasance mai ra'ayin cewa Mauritius ya bayyana yana fuskantar barazanar, ko kamuwa da cutar ta coronavirus kuma an ba da sanarwar cewa sashe na 79 zuwa 83 na Dokar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a zai shafi Mauritius;&lt;ref name=&quot;GovGa2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://pmo.govmu.org/English/Documents/28_Extra_Ord_190320.pdf|title=THE GOVERNMENT GAZETTE OF MAURITIUS No. 28|date=19 March 2020|work=Prime Minister Office|access-date=5 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
:* An buga Dokokin Keɓewa (cututtukan keɓewa) 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;QUA2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://pmo.govmu.org/English/Documents/57_The%20Quarantaine%20_Quarantinable%20Diseases.pdf|title=THE QUARANTINE ACT Regulations made by the Minister under section 4(1)(a) and (b) of the Quarantine Act|date=19 March 2020|work=Prime Minister Office|access-date=5 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
:* Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da oda a karkashin sashe na 79 zuwa 83 na Dokar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a don hana isar da kayayyaki, ban da duk wani jigilar kayayyaki, shiga yankin Mauritius tun daga karfe 10:00 na safe ranar 19 ga Maris 2020 na tsawon kwanaki 15 a karkashin Doka ta 3 na Dokokin Keɓe (cututtukan da za a keɓe) 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;GovGa2&quot; /&gt;
:* Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da oda a karkashin tsari na 5 na ka'idojin keɓewa (cututtukan keɓewa) 2020, hana kowane fasinja, ban da ma'aikatan jirgin, shiga ko tashi daga jigilar kaya kamar daga 10:00 na safe ranar 19 ga Maris 2020 na tsawon 15. kwanaki.&lt;ref name=&quot;GovGa2&quot; /&gt;
: Rigakafin Rigakafin da Rage Cututtuka (Coronavirus) Dokokin 2020 an buga su a cikin Gazette na Gwamnati a ranar 20 ga Maris 2020. Duk mutumin da ya saba wa ka’idojin, idan aka same shi da laifi, zai fuskanci tarar da ba za ta wuce MUR 500 ba, da kuma zaman gidan yari na tsawon watanni shida.&lt;ref name=&quot;PMID3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.actogether.mu/media/11430/preven-1.pdf|title=Regulations made by the Minister under section 79 of the Public Health Act|date=20 March 2020|work=Acttogether|access-date=5 April 2020|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629100307/http://www.actogether.mu/media/11430/preven-1.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sabunta dokar a ranar 22 ga Maris 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;PMID22&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://pmo.govmu.org/English/Documents/Communiqu%C3%A9%20and%20Reports/67_The%20Prevention%20and%20Mitigation%20of%20Infectious%20Disease%20(Coronavirus)%20(Amd)%20Regulations%202020.pdf|title=Regulations made by the Minister under section 79 of the Public Health Act|date=22 March 2020|work=Prime Minister Office|access-date=5 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 22 ga Maris, 2020, Gwamnatin Mauritius ta ba da umarnin hana fita (Babban Sanarwa No.512 na 2020), da nufin rage yaduwar COVID-19 a Mauritius. Dokar hana fita ta fara aiki kamar ranar 23 ga Maris 2020 da karfe 20:00 na agogon gida. Duk mutumin da ya saba wa dokar hana fita, za a yanke masa hukunci, zai fuskanci tarar da ba za ta wuce MUR 500 ba da kuma zaman gidan yari na tsawon watanni 6.&lt;ref name=&quot;CurfewOrder2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://pmo.govmu.org/English/Documents/Communiqu%C3%A9%20and%20Reports/31_Extra_Ord_220320.pdf|title=Curfew Order made by the Minister under regulation 14(1) of the Prevention and Mitigation of Infectious Disease (Coronavirus) Regulations 2020|work=Prime Minister Office|date=22 March 2020|access-date=5 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 30 ga Maris, 2020, an tsawaita dokar hana fita har zuwa 15 ga Afrilu 2020 da karfe 20:00 na agogon gida.&lt;ref name=&quot;Govmu.org2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.govmu.org/English/News/Pages/PM-Sanitary-Curfew-to-be-extended-till-15th-April-2020-.aspx|title=PM: Sanitary Curfew to be extended till 15th April 2020|date=19 March 2020|work=[[Government Portal of Mauritius]]|access-date=5 April 2020|archive-date=1 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401055634/http://www.govmu.org/English/News/Pages/PM-Sanitary-Curfew-to-be-extended-till-15th-April-2020-.aspx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 16 ga Mayu, 2020, an zartar da dokar COVID-19 (Babban Sharuɗɗa) da Dokar Keɓewa a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa. Kudirin COVID-19 (Babban Sharuɗɗa) yana nufin ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙi, ceton masana'antu da ayyuka, da ginawa don dawo da karin lokaci. Makasudin kudirin dokar keɓe kansu shine don hana sake bullar cutar ta COVID-19, da kuma haɓaka shirye-shirye da mayar da martani ga ƙasar kan kowace annoba ta gaba. Duk mutumin da ya saba wa dokar keɓe, za a yanke masa hukunci, zai fuskanci tarar da ba za ta wuce MUR 500,000 ba da kuma ɗaurin kurkuku na tsawon shekaru 5.&lt;ref name=&quot;qua2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://defimedia.info/quarantine-bill-amende-allant-jusqua-rs-500000-et-peine-maximale-de-5-ans-de-prison-prevues|title=Quarantine Bill : amende allant jusqu'à Rs 500.000 et peine maximale de 5 ans de prison prévues|website=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|date=10 May 2020|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;16may2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.govmu.org/English/News/Pages/COVID-19-(Miscellaneous-Provisions)-Bill-andQuarantine-Bill-adopted-at-National-Assembly.aspx|title=COVID-19 (Miscellaneous Provisions) Bill and Quarantine Bill adopted at National Assembly|date=16 May 2020|work=[[Government Portal of Mauritius]]|access-date=6 November 2021|archive-date=20 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620202158/http://www.govmu.org/English/News/Pages/COVID-19-(Miscellaneous-Provisions)-Bill-andQuarantine-Bill-adopted-at-National-Assembly.aspx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;covidbill2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/covid-19-bill-decouvrez-le-projet-de-loi|title=Covid-19 Bill : découvrez le projet de loi|website=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|date=10 May 2020|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu 'yan Mauritius sun yi kakkausar suka ga kudurorin biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;critis2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/ariane-navarre-marie-ce-projet-de-loi-vient-reprendre-les-droits-acquis-des-travailleurs|title=Ariane Navarre-Marie : &quot; Ce projet de loi vient reprendre les droits acquis des travailleurs &quot;|website=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|date=14 May 2020|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;fgth2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/petition-contre-le-covid-19-bill-et-le-quarantine-bill-plus-de-17-000-signatures-en-moins-de-24-heures|title=Pétition contre le Covid-19 Bill et le Quarantine Bill : plus de 17 000 signatures en moins de 24 heures|website=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|date=13 May 2020|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rigakafin Farfadowa da Ci gaba da Yaɗuwar Cutar Cutar (COVID-19) Dokokin 2020 an buga su a cikin Gazette na Gwamnati a ranar 17 ga Mayu 2020. Kamar yadda dokar ta tanada, duk mutumin da bai sanya abin rufe fuska ba kuma bai mutunta ka'idojin nisantar da jama'a da ta jiki ba, zai aikata laifi kuma idan aka same shi da laifi, za a ci shi tarar da ba za ta wuce rupees 50,000 ba da kuma dauri na tsawon shekaru 2.&lt;ref name=&quot;mask2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/vous-risquerez-jusqua-deux-ans-de-prison-sans-votre-masque-ou-sans-respect-des-distances|title=Vous risquerez jusqu'à deux ans de prison sans votre masque ou sans respect des distances|date=17 May 2020|work=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Martanin ƙasa game da cutar ta COVID-19
* [[COVID-19 pandemic a Africa|Annobar COVID-19 a Afirka]]
* COVID-19 annoba ta ƙasa da ƙasa
* SolaWash

== Bayanan kula ==

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Covid-19]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu Fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''''Nahla''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 1979 na ƙasar Aljeriya wanda Farouk Beloufa ya ba da umarni.&lt;ref name=&quot;africine&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africine.org/?menu=art&amp;no=9531 |title=Nahla, de Farouk Beloufa |accessdate=19 January 2013 |work=africine |archive-date=21 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221115719/http://www.africine.org/?menu=art |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;timeoutbeirut&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.timeoutbeirut.com/film/article/3675/farouk-beloufa.html |title=Farouk Beloufa |accessdate=19 January 2013 |work=Time Out Beirut}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dailystar&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Culture/Film/Sep/21/A-rare-Algerian-vision-of-Lebanon.ashx#axzz2IRka9joJ |title=A rare Algerian vision of Lebanon |accessdate=19 January 2013 |work=dailystar.com |archive-date=3 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103142343/https://www.dailystar.com.lb//Culture/Film/2010/Sep-21/120454-a-rare-algerian-vision-of-lebanon.ashx#axzz2IRka9joJ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;beirutdc&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.beirutdc.org/beirutdc/festivals/FilmDetails.aspx?fft_id=114 |title=&quot;Nahla&quot; by Farouk Beloufa (1979) |accessdate=19 January 2013 |work=beirutdc |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111215532/http://www.beirutdc.org/beirutdc/festivals/FilmDetails.aspx?fft_id=114 |archivedate=11 November 2012  }}&lt;/ref&gt; An shiga bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Moscow karo na 11, inda Yasmine Khlat ta lashe kyautar mafi kyawun jarumai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Moscow1979&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1979 |title=11th Moscow International Film Festival (1979) |accessdate=19 January 2013 |work=MIFF |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403102012/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1979 |archive-date=3 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yin wasan kwaikwayo ==

* Roger Assaf a matsayin Nasri
* Yasmine Khlat a matsayin Nahla
* Lina Tebbara a matsayin Maha
* Faek Homaissi a matsayin Raouf
* Youcef Saïah a matsayin dan jarida

== Magana ==
{{reflist}}
== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{IMDb title|0079607|Nahla}}
[[Category:Fina-finai]]
[[Category:Sinima a Afrika]]</text>
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[[File:Nadia_Kaci,_Cines_del_Sur_2007.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Nadia Kaci]]
[[Fayil:Nadia Kaci (cropped).jpg|thumb|nadia kachi]]
'''Nadia Kaci''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1970) ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ƴar Algeria.

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
Kaci ta tashi ne a [[Aljir|Algiers]] ta wata uwa mai &quot;kayan kala, jahilci, da al'ada&quot;. Ta koya wa ƴarta ilimin mata tun tana karama kuma ta yi wa 'ya'yan bakwai wasan darbouka. A lokacin yana da shekaru 18, Kaci ya damu da alkiblar Aljeriya da ƴanci saboda tarzomar 1988 na Oktoba da tashin kishin Islama. Lokacin da ta yanke shawarar zama 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, mahaifinta ya ƙi yin magana da ita tsawon shekaru ashirin. Kaci ya samu kwarin guiwa ya koma kasar Faransa, amma da farko taki yarda tunda ta dauka cin amana ne. Daga karshe ta tafi Faransa a 1993, bayan da girman kai ya zama wanda ba zai iya jure mata ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kessous&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Kessous |first1=Mustapha |title=France-Algérie : Nadia Kaci, le prix de la liberté |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/12/02/france-algerie-nadia-kaci-le-prix-de-la-liberte_6021388_3212.html |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Le Monde]] |date=2 December 2019 |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 1994, Kaci ta buga Yamina, ƴar'uwar Sa'id mai sassaucin ra'ayi wacce aka tilasta ta sanya mayafi a ''[[Bab El-Oued City]]'' . Merzak Alouache ne ya ba da umarnin fim ɗin kuma ya yi Allah wadai da cin zarafi na masu tsattsauran ra'ayin Islama, kuma ya karɓi lambar yabo ta International Federation of Critics Film Festival a Cannes Film Festival na 1994.  Ta kwatanta Fatiha mai hankali a ''Bent Familia'', wanda aka saki a cikin 1997.  A cikin 1999, Kaci ta yi tauraro a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya Samia Damouni a cikin ''Duk Farawa A Yau''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Young |first1=Deborah |title=Bab El-Oued City |url=https://variety.com/1994/film/reviews/bab-el-oued-city-1200437005/ |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Variety.com]] |date=27 May 1994}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Nadia Kaci (cropped).jpg|thumb|Nadia Kaci]]
Kaci ta buga Julie, ma'aikaciya a wani gida na hukuma mai kula da René, a cikin ''Nationale 7'' a 2000. Malcolm Lewis na ''New Internationalist ya'' yaba aikinta da cewa yana da &quot;haske amma na gaske.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tunisiennes (Bent Familia) |url=http://www.africine.org/film/tunisiennes-bent-familia/174 |website=Africine |access-date=24 November 2020 |language=French }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi tauraro a cikin ''Les Suspects'' a cikin 2004, daidaitawar littafin ''Les Vigiles'' na Tahar Djaout.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Scott |first1=A.O. |title=FILM REVIEW; Life Flings Tough Lessons Into the Face of a Dedicated Educator |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/08/movies/film-review-life-flings-tough-lessons-into-the-face-of-a-dedicated-educator.html |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[New York Times]] |date=8 September 2000 }}&lt;/ref A cikin 2007, Kaci ta fito a cikin ''[[Délice Paloma]]'', wanda Nadir Mokneche ya jagoranta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Lewis |first1=Malcolm |title=UNEASY RIDERS (NATIONALE 7) |url=https://newint.org/columns/currents/2001/04/01/uneasyriders |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[New Internationalist]] |date=1 April 2001 |archive-date=1 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101011113/https://newint.org/columns/currents/2001/04/01/uneasyriders |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2015, Kaci taka rawa a Freyha a Lotfi Bouchouchi 's ''The To''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Sukys |first1=Julija |title=Silence Is Death: The Life and Work of Tahar Djaout |date=2007 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |isbn=0803205953 |page=167}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kaci ta yi tauraro a cikin ''[[I Still Hide to Smoke]]'', wanda Rayhana Obermeyer ta jagoranta a cikin 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Paloma Delight (Delice Paloma) |url=https://www.riverfronttimes.com/stlouis/paloma-delight-delice-paloma/Film?oid=2716708 |website=Riverfront Times |access-date=24 November 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta fito a cikin ''Har sai Tsuntsaye sun dawo'' da ''Albarka'' a cikin 2017, duka biyun suna nazarin rayuwa a Algiers a lokacin yakin basasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Well - Le Puits |url=https://www.maffswe.com/the-well/ |website=Malmo Arabic Film Festival |access-date=24 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2019, Kaci ya buga Madame Kamissi a cikin ''Papicha'', wanda Mounia Meddour ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin ya fito a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2019 kuma yana mai da hankali kan rayuwar yau da kullun na ɗalibin da ya damu da salon a farkon 1990s. 

Kaci ta samu takardar zama ƴar ƙasar Faransa a shekarar 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Soage |first1=Cristobal |title=I Still Hide to Smoke: Women laid bare |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/343844/ |website=Cineuropa |access-date=24 November 2020 |date=12 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da ɗa kuma ta ce ba za ta iya tunanin zama a wani wuri ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Mintzer |first1=Jordan |title='The Blessed' ('Les Bienheureux'): Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/blessed-les-bienheurux-review-1069776 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Hollywood Reporter]] |date=21 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi la'akari da Yaƙin Aljeriya da ƙauyen Nanterre wasu batutuwan da ta fi so don yin aiki a ciki.

== Fina-finai ==

; Fina-finai

* 1990 : ''La Fin des Djinns'' (gajeren fim)
* 1994 : ''[[Bab El-Oued City]]'' : Yamina
* 1995 : ''Douce Faransa'' : Missad
* 1997 : ''Bent Familia'' : Fatiha
* 1999 : ''Yau Duk Ya Fara'' : Samia Damouni
* 2000 ''Le Harem de Madame Osmane'' : La Rouquine
* 2000 : ''kasa 7'' : Julie
* 2002 : ''Gani ku''
* 2003 : ''Tiresiya''
* 2004 : ''Viva Laldjérie'' : Fifi
* 2004 : ''Les Suspects''
* 2006 : ''7 shekaru'' : Jamila
* 2007 : ''[[Délice Paloma]]'' : Sheherazade / Zouina
* 2015 : ''Rijiyar'' : Freyha
* 2016 : ''[[I Still Hide to Smoke|Har Yanzu Ina Boye Don Shan Sigari]]'' : Keltum
* 2017 : ''Lola Pater'' : Rachida
* 2017 : ''Har Tsuntsaye sun dawo''
* 2017 : ''Mai Albarka'' : Amal
* 2019 : ''Papicha'' : Madame Kamissi

; jerin talabijan

* 2000 : ''Contre la Montre'' Nicole Maluzier
* 2003 : ''Carnets d'ados : La Vie quand ma'' : ma'aikacin zamantakewa
* 2007 : ''L'Affaire Ben Barka'' : Gita
* 2009 : ''Le Commissaire Llob''
* 2011 : ''Le Chant des sirènes'' : Farfesan wasan kwaikwayo

== Magana ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [[imdbname:0434191|Nadia Kaci]] a [[IMDb|Intanet Database Movie]]
[[Category:Ƴan Fim]]
[[Category:Mutanen Aljeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ola Ibrahim</title>
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'''Ola Sa'ad Ibrahim''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Yuni na shekara ta 1955) mai ritaya  Admiral ne na sojojin ruwa na Najeriya kuma tsohon babban hafsan hafsoshin sojan [[Rundunonin Sojin Najeriya|Najeriya]] .
[[Fayil:Olaibrahim.jpg|thumb|Ola Ibrahim]]
Ya yi karatu a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] (LLB) da kuma King’s College London (MA, War Studies), Ibrahim ya samu horon aikin soji a makarantar horas da sojoji ta [[Jami'ar Tsaron Nijeriya|Najeriya]] da kwalejin runduna ta sojoji da runduna ta Jaji .  Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban hafsan sojan ruwa daga shekarar 2010 zuwa shekara ta 2012, da kuma babban hafsan tsaro daga shekara ta 2012 zuwa shekara ta 2014.&lt;ref name=NP&gt;{{cite news|last1=Akanbi|first1=Tunde|title=The Glorious Exit of Admiral Ola Sa'ad Ibrahim|url=http://thenationalpilot.com/The%20Glorious%20Exit%20of%20Admiral%20Ola%20Sa%27ad%20Ibrahim.html#sthash.85x7WctG.dpbs|accessdate=10 July 2015|publisher=National Pilot|archive-date=12 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712015434/http://thenationalpilot.com/The%20Glorious%20Exit%20of%20Admiral%20Ola%20Sa%27ad%20Ibrahim.html#sthash.85x7WctG.dpbs|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil.ng/Chief-of-Defence-Staff|title=VICE ADMIRAL OLA SA’AD IBRAHIM CFR DSS LLB (Hons) MA CHIEF OF DEFENCE STAFF|work=Nigerian Navy|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=31 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131065953/http://www.navy.mil.ng/Chief-of-Defence-Staff|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/news2013/index.php/en/component/k2/item/33192-the-exit-of-sa%E2%80%99ad-ibrahim-as-cds.html|title=The exit of Sa’ad Ibrahim as CDS|work=Nigerian Tribune|accessdate=13 February 2014}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Sojojin Ruwa na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Sojojin Najeriya]]
[[Category:Sojojin Chadi]]
[[Category:Sojojin Saudiyya]]
[[Category:Tsaro]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mohammed Uwais</title>
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'''Mohammed Lawal Uwais''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni na shekara ta 1936)  shi ne Alkalin [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli ta Najeriya]] daga shekara ta 1995 har zuwa shekara ta 2006. Daga baya ya jagoranci wata hukumar da ta wallafa wani rahoto mai cike da cece-kuce game da sake fasalin zabe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://fjsc.gov.ng/hon-justice-muhammadu-lawal-uwais/|title=Hon. Justice Muhammadu Lawal Uwais, GCON|publisher=Federal Judicial Service Commission}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uwais da ne ga Babban Alƙali, sannan kuma Wazirin Masarautar [[Zariya]]. 

== Rahoton sake fasalin zabe ==
Bayan ya yi ritaya daga Kotun Koli, Uwais ya jagoranci wani kwamiti kan sake fasalin zabe wanda ya gabatar da rahoto a ranar 11 ga Disamba,shekara ta  2008 tare da shawarwarin da suka hada da kafa kwamitocin da za su magance laifukan zabe, tantance mazabu da rajistar jam’iyyun siyasa da kuma ka’ida. Wasu daga cikin ikon da hukumar zaɓe mai [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|zaman kanta ta kasa]] (INEC) da kuma na Jihohi masu zaman kansu za a mika su ga sabbin kwamitocin. Kwamitin ya ba da shawarar a samu daidaito a zaɓukan majalisun tarayya da na Jihohi da na [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]]. Rahoton ya kuma bayar da shawarar cewa a nada shugaban hukumar zaɓe ta ƙasa ta ɓangaren shari’a maimakon shugaban ƙasa. Shugaba [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaru 'Yar'aduwa]] ya ƙi amincewa da wannan shawarar. 

'Yar'Adua ya aika da wani gyara na rahoton Uwais ga majalisar dokoki a shekara ta 2009, inda ya jawo suka sosai tunda da yawa suna ganin cewa zaɓukan baya-bayan nan sun yi kura-kurai sosai kuma ana bukatar gyara. A watan Maris din shekara ta 2010 ne mukaddashin shugaban kasa [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya mika rahoton rahoton da ba a tantance ba ga majalisar dokokin kasar domin amincewa da shi, inda ya ce a aiwatar da shawarwarin gaba ɗaya kafin zaɓen 2011 na kasa.  Batun ikon nada shugaban hukumar ta INEC dai ya ci gaba da cece-kuce. Kafin Jonathan ya sake mika rahoton, kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan sake duba kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya yi watsi da shawarar mika wannan iko ga bangaren shari’a. Bayan gabatar da karar, mataimakin shugaban masu rinjaye na majalisar dattawa, Mohammed Mana, ya ce barin bangaren shari’a ya nada shugaban hukumar INEC ya saɓa wa ka’idar raba madafun iko, tunda dai ɓangaren shari’a ne ke da alhakin sauraron kararrakin da suka taso daga zabe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200812120759.html
 |date=12 December 2008
 |work=Daily Champion
 |title=Electoral Reform – UWAIS Panel Recommends Independent Candidates
 |author=Daniel Idonor
 |accessdate=3 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
The report also recommended that the head of the Independent National Electoral Commission should be appointed by the judiciary rather than the President. 
This recommendation was rejected by President [[Umaru Yar'Adua]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7939139.stm
 |date=12 March 2009
 |work=BBC News
 |title=Nigeria election reform 'U-turn'
 |accessdate=3 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.compassnewspaper.com/NG/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=13502:electoral-reform-doctoring-of-uwais-report-unacceptable&amp;catid=39:editorial&amp;Itemid=679
 |work=Nigerian Compass
 |title=Electoral reform: Doctoring of Uwais report unacceptable
 |date=24 March 2009	 
 |author=HOPE AFOKE ORIVRI
 |accessdate=3 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201003191069.html
 |title=Electoral Reform – Can Jonathan Make Any Difference?
 |work=ThisDay
 |date=18 March 2010
 |accessdate=3 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/03/01/senators-disagree-over-uwais-panels-report-on-inec-chairs-job/
 |work=Vanguard
 |title=Senators disagree over Uwais panel's report on INEC chair's job
 |date=1 March 2010
 |author=Emmanuel Aziken
 |accessdate=3 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200903301276.html
 |title=National Assembly Will Decide Who Becomes INEC Chairman – Mana
 |work=Leadership
 |author=Stanley Yakubu
 |date=29 March 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Naby Keïta</title>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.2em;&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn&quot; id=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 125%; text-align: center; line-height: 1.2em;&quot; |Naby Keïta
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |
[[File:RB_Leipzig_vs._FC_Liefering_(Testspiel_9._August_2016)_24.jpg|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.2em 0 0 0;&quot;&gt;Keïta with [[RB Leipzig]] in 2016&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: 
#b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em&quot; |Personal information
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left&quot; |Full name
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;&quot; |
Naby Laye Keïta&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;697&quot;&gt;[https://www.bundesliga.com/en/news/Bundesliga/naby-keita-10-things-on-rb-leipzig-s-liverpool-bound-guinea-midfielder-473425.jsp &quot;Naby Keita: 10 things on RB Leipzig's Liverpool-bound Guinea midfielder&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318080037/https://www.bundesliga.com/en/news/Bundesliga/naby-keita-10-things-on-rb-leipzig-s-liverpool-bound-guinea-midfielder-473425.jsp |date=2022-03-18 }}. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;698&quot;&gt;Bundesliga. 15 February 2018&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;699&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;1 June&lt;/span&gt; 2018&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left&quot; |Date of birth
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;&quot; |
&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;1995-02-10&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;10 February 1995&lt;span class=&quot;noprint ForceAgeToShow&quot;&gt; (age&amp;nbsp;27)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20191205105526/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FCWC/2019/pdf/FCWC_2019_SQUADLISTS.PDF &quot;FIFA Club World Cup Qatar 2019: List of Players: Liverpool&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left&quot; |Place of birth
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data birthplace&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;&quot; |
[[Conakry]], Guinea
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left&quot; |Height
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;&quot; |
1.72&amp;nbsp;m (5&amp;nbsp;ft 8&amp;nbsp;in)
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left&quot; |Position(s)
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data role&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;&quot; |
[[Central midfielder]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: 
#b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em&quot; |Club information
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot; display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;&quot;&gt;Current team&lt;/div&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data org&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;&quot; |
[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left&quot; |Number
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; |
8
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: 
#b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em&quot; |Youth career
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;2004–2012&lt;/span&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; |
[[Horoya AC|Horoya U19]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: 
#b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em&quot; |Senior career*
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left&quot; |Years
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-a&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; |
'''Team'''
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-b&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right&quot; |
'''&lt;abbr title=&quot;&lt;nowiki&amp;gt;League appearances&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot;&gt;Apps&lt;/abbr&gt;'''
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-c&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right&quot; |
'''(&lt;abbr title=&quot;&lt;nowiki&amp;gt;League goals&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot;&gt;Gls&lt;/abbr&gt;)'''
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;2012–2013&lt;/span&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-a&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; |
[[Horoya AC|Horoya]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-b&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right&quot; |
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-c&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right&quot; |
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;2013–2014&lt;/span&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-a&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; |
[[FC Istres|Istres]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-b&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right&quot; |
23
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-c&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right&quot; |
(4)
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;2014–2016&lt;/span&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-a&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; |
[[FC Red Bull Salzburg|Red Bull Salzburg]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-b&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right&quot; |
59
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-c&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right&quot; |
(17)
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;2016–2018&lt;/span&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-a&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; |
[[RB Leipzig]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-b&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right&quot; |
58
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-c&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right&quot; |
(14)
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;2018–&lt;/span&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-a&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; |
[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-b&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right&quot; |
76
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-c&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right&quot; |
(7)
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: 
#b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em&quot; |National team&lt;sup&gt;‡&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;2012–&lt;/span&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-a&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; |
[[Guinea national football team|Guinea]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-b&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right&quot; |
50
| class=&quot;infobox-data infobox-data-c&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right&quot; |
(11)
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; class=&quot;infobox-below&quot; style=&quot;color:darkslategray; font-size:95%&quot; |
&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 23:03, 22 May 2022 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 18:47, 9 June 2022 (UTC)
|}
[[Fayil:0K8A9223 (53493337827).jpg|thumb|Naby Keïta]]
'''Naby Laye Keïta''' (An haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta alif 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙafa]] ne na Guinea wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan tsakiya na tsakiya a Premier League ta [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Guinea.&lt;ref&gt;[[Naby Keita]]: 10 things on RB Leipzig's [[Liverpool]]-bound Guinea midfielder&quot;. Bundesliga. 15 February 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Keïta ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru tare da kulob ɗin Ligue 2 FC Istres a shekarar 2013, kuma bayan shekara guda ya koma Red Bull Salzburg, inda ya lashe gasar Bundesliga ta Austrian Bundesliga da kuma gasar cin kofin Austrian sau biyu a cikin lokutansa biyu. Daga nan ya koma RB Leipzig a shekarar 2016, inda kuma ya zama kungiyar Bundesliga ta kakar wasa a shekararsa ta farko da kuma ƙungiyar UEFA Europa League na kakar wasa a karo na biyu. Ya amince ya koma Liverpool a shekarar 2017, kuma ya kammala tafiyar shekara guda, inda ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai a kakar wasa ta farko a kulob ɗin, da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA da kuma gasar Premier a kakar wasa ta gaba.

Keita ya fara buga wasansa na farko a duniya a Guinea a shekarar 2012. Ya buga wasanni sama da 40 kuma yana cikin tawagarsu a gasar cin kofin Afrika a shekarar 2015, 2019 da 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[[FIFA]] Club World Cup Qatar 2019: List of Players:

[[Liverpool]]&quot; (PDF). [[FIFA]]. 21 December 2019. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya ==

=== FC Istres ===
Keïta ya koma kulob ɗin Horoya AC yana da shekara tara.  Ya koma Faransa a Shekarar 2012, ya shiga ƙungiyar matasa na FC Istres bayan wasan da bai yi nasara ba a FC Lorient da Le Mans FC. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ten things on RB Leipzig's new African star Naby Keita&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shekarar shekarar 2013, an mai da shi zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta Istres. Ya fara buga gasar Ligue 2 a ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba, Shekara ta 2013 da Nîmes Olympique. Ya zira kwallaye 11 a wasanni 23 a kakar wasa ta farko a matsayin mai sana'a, yayin da tawagarsa ta koma ga Championnat National.&lt;ref&gt;Istres vs. Nîmes – 22 November 2013&quot; 
Soccerway. Retrieved 28 July 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Red Bull Salzburg ===
 A cikin shekarar 2014, ya shiga ƙungiyar Red Bull Salzburg ta babban rukuni na Austrian.  Ya buga wasansa na farko na gasar a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, shekara ta 2014 da Wiener Neustadt.  Keïta ya kawo karshen kakar wasa ta bana da kwallaye biyar da taimakawa biyu a wasanni 30, inda ya lashe gasar lig da kofin sau biyu.&lt;ref&gt;Wiener Neustadt vs. Red Bull Salzburg–26 July 2014&quot;. Soccerway. Retrieved 28 July 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar wasa ta gaba, an zabe shi a matsayin Gwarzon dan wasan Bundesliga na Austriya.&lt;ref&gt;Fußball: [[Naby Keita]] wechselt von Salzburg zu Leipzig , salzburg.com, 20 June 2016&lt;/ref&gt;

=== RB Leipzig ===
A watan Yuni, shekarar 2016, Keïta ya koma Red Bull Salzburg 'yar'uwar kulob RB Leipzig, wanda aka kawai ciyar da Jamus Bundesliga.  &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.salzburg.com/nachrichten/oesterreich/sport/fussball/sn/artikel/fussball-naby-keita-wechselt-von-salzburg-zu-leipzig-201595/ Fußball: Naby Keita wechselt von Salzburg zu Leipzig] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519041515/http://www.salzburg.com/nachrichten/oesterreich/sport/fussball/sn/artikel/fussball-naby-keita-wechselt-von-salzburg-zu-leipzig-201595/ |date=2017-05-19 }}, salzburg.com, 20 June 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ci kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasansa na farko a gasar lig da ta buga da Borussia Dortmund  kuma ya ci karin kwallaye bakwai a kakar wasansa ta Bundesliga. An sanya sunan shi a cikin qungiyar lig ta kakar wasa.&lt;ref&gt;Leipzig get first Bundesliga win with Keïta goal against Borussia Dortmund&quot;. The Guardian.
Associated Press. 10 September 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; 

An kira Keïta a cikin 'yan wasan kakar wasa na shekarar  2017-18 UEFA Europa League, wanda tawagarsa ta kasance 'yan wasan kusa da na karshe. 

=== Liverpool ===
A ranar 28 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 2017, an kulla yarjejeniya don Keïta ya shiga [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2018, bayan da kulob din Ingila ya haifar da sakin sa na £48 miliyan ban da biyan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[[Naby Keita]]: [[Liverpool]] agree club-record deal for
Leipzig midfielder for July 2018&quot;. [[BBC]] Sport. 28
August 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;   Daga nan aka ba da rahoton cewa ba za a sami kuɗi ba (£ 48&amp;nbsp;miliyan miliyan) idan Leipzig ba ta cancanci buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Turai ba, £ 4.75&amp;nbsp;miliyan (£52.75&amp;nbsp;miliyan duka) idan sun cancanci zuwa Gasar Europa da kuma £11&amp;nbsp;miliyan (£59&amp;nbsp;miliyan duka) idan sun gama a cikin wuraren gasar zakarun Turai.&lt;ref&gt;[[Liverpool]] agree deal to sign [[Naby Keita]]&quot;. [[Liverpool]] F.C. 29 August 2017. Archived from the
original on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 29 August
2017.&lt;/ref&gt;  A karshe Leipzig ta kare a mataki na 6 a gasar Bundesliga, a haka ta samu gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Europa.

==== Kakar 2018-19 ====
Bayan ya shiga Liverpool, an ba shi rigar lamba 8 ta hanyar [[Liverpool F.C.|gwarzon Liverpool]], [[Steven Gerrard]], wanda aka bar shi bayan tafiyar Gerrard zuwa LA Galaxy a shekarar 2015.   Keïta ya fara bugawa Liverpool wasa ne da West Ham United a ranar 12 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2018, kuma ya taka leda a kwallon farko da [[Muhammad Salah|Mohamed Salah]] ya ci a ci 4-0.&lt;ref&gt;Bate, Adam (13 August 2018). &quot;[[Naby Keita]] impressed for Liverpool on his debut against West Ham&quot;. Sky Sports. Retrieved 16 September 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; 

A ranar 5 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 2019, Keïta ya zira kwallonsa ta farko ga Liverpool a wasan da suka yi nasara da Southampton da ci 3 &amp;#x2013; 1,  kuma ya kara kwallo ta farko a Turai bayan kwana hudu a kan FC Porto a gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA Champions League quarter final.&lt;ref&gt;Liverpool cruise to victory over Porto after [[Naby Keïta]] flying start&quot;. The Guardian. 9 April 2019.
Retrieved 10 April 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ji rauni ne a watan Mayun shekarar 2019, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga sauran kakar wasa ta bana ba.  Ko da yake Keïta ya ji rauni, ya ci kofinsa na farko na Liverpool yayin da ba ya cikin tawagar ranar wasa yayin da takwarorinsa suka samu nasara a wasan karshe na gasar zakarun Turai da Tottenham Hotspur a farkon watan Yuni. 

==== kakar 2019-20 ====
[[File:FC_Salzburg_gegen_Liverpool_FC_(UEFA_Champions_League_10.Dezember_2019)_34.jpg|thumb| Keïta (na gaba) yana bugawa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] wasa a 2019]]
Cike da rauni ta hanyar rauni,   Keïta ya kasance ɗan wasan gaba a farkon sashe na gaba.  A ranar 7 ga watan Disamba, ya ba da kwallo kuma ya taimaka a wasan da suka ci Bournemouth da ci 3 &amp;#x2013; 0, wasan da ya nuna wasansa na farko a gasar.  A ranar 10 ga watan Disamba, ya ba wa Liverpool kwallon farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta 2 &amp;#x2013; 0 da ta doke tsohon kulob dinsa, Salzburg, wanda ya sa zakarun Turai da ke rike da kofin suka kai ga matakin bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a rukunin E. 

A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, ya zira kwallon farko a wasan da suka doke Monterrey na Mexico da ci 2 &amp;#x2013; 1 yayin da Liverpool ta kai wasan karshe a gasar cin kofin duniya;  Bayan kwana uku, a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba, ya fara wasan karshe da Flamengo, yana buga mintuna 100 har sai an maye gurbinsa da Liverpool 1 &amp;#x2013; 0 don zama zakarun kulob na duniya.  A ranar 2 ga watan Janairu, shekarar 2020, an ba shi suna a farkon jerin wasannin da za su kara da Sheffield United, amma an cire shi bayan ya samu rauni a lokacin dumi, wanda James Milner ya maye gurbinsa.  A karshen kakar wasa ta bana Keïta da Liverpool sun lashe kofin Premier.

== Ayyukan kasa ==
A ranar 14 ga watan Disamba shekarar 2012, Keïta ya fara buga wasansa na farko na kasa da kasa a tawagar kasar Guinea da Saliyo a wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka na shekarar 2014. Ya zura kwallon farko a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 a waje. 

An saka Keïta a cikin 'yan wasa 23 na Michel Dussuyer a gasar cin kofin Afrika ta shekarar 2015 a Equatorial Guinea.  A wasan farko da Ivory Coast ta buga, Gervinho ya buge shi a fuska, wanda aka ba shi jan kati. 

A ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamba Shekara ta 2015, Keïta ya zira kwallaye na farko na kasa da kasa a cikin shekaru uku, a cikin nasara 1-0 da Namibia a wasan farko na zagaye na biyu na cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2018.  Bayan kwana uku a karawar ta biyu-a [[Maroko]] saboda bullar cutar Ebola a Guinea  ya sake zura kwallo a wasan da ci 2-0. 

Manajan Paul Put ya zabi Keïta don gasar cin kofin Afrika na shekarar 2019, inda raunin da ya faru ya shafe shi.  A watan Janairun shekarar 2022, Keïta ya taimaka wa Guinea ta samu tikitin shiga zagaye na 16 na gasar cin kofin Afirka na shekarar 2021 a Kamaru. Ayyukansa sun sa ya sami matsayi a cikin mafi kyawun wasanni goma sha ɗaya na matakin rukuni. Duk da haka, an kawar da Guinea bayan rashin nasara a Gambia, wasa Keïta ba zai iya taka leda ba saboda tara katunan yellow.

== Salon wasa ==
[[File:SV_Grödig_gegen_FC_Red_Bull_Salzburg_(11._Mai_2016)_49.JPG|thumb| Keita yana taka leda a Red Bull Salzburg a 2016]]
Yayin da ake rubuta wa ''The Guardian'', Nick Ames da Nick Miller sun bayyana Keïta a matsayin &quot;mai tsauri, dan wasan tsakiya na,&quot; yana kwatanta shi da N'Golo [[N'Golo Kanté|Kanté]]. Sun kuma lura, duk da haka, cewa ya iya rarraba kwallon da kewayon da daidaito, da kuma zira kwallaye a raga, wanda a maimakon haka akai-akai kai shi da za a kwatanta da Brazilian-Portuguese tsohon playmaker Deco.  David Usher na ESPN ya bayyana Keïta a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya mai kuzari, tare da kyawawan halaye na tsaro, wanda kuma ya ba shi damar taka rawar gani idan ya cancanta. Usher ya ci gaba da lura cewa Keïta &quot;mai sauri ne, gwaninta, kirkira kuma kai tsaye. Yana iya dribble, wucewa da harbi, kuma yakan sanya kyan gani na yau da kullun. &quot; Ralf Rangnick ya danganta shi yana da radar 360° na halitta. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rql1pilF3kA&amp;t=342s Interview Ralf Rangnick], [[Ralf Rangnick]] on training eye tracking, 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Keïta yana da ɗan'uwana, Petit Keïta, wanda ya kasance a baya  tare da Jamusanci Inter Leipzig. A cikin watan Oktoba 2018 an ba da rahoton cewa yana horo a Kwalejin Liverpool, kodayake ba a ba shi kwangila ba. 

A cikin shekarar 2017, an tuhumi Keïta da faɗin takardun karya. Jaridar ''Bild'' ta Jamus ta bayar da rahoton cewa, a farkon watan Disambar 2016 da makwanni shida bayan haka, ya gabatar da lasisin tuki na kasar Guinea na bogi domin samun lasisin tuki a Jamus. Kotun gundumar da ke Leipzig ''(Amtsgericht Leipzig)'' ta ci tararsa Yuro 415,000, bisa ga hukuncin da Keita ke samu a shekara na kusan Yuro miliyan 3. Lauyan Keïta ya shigar da kara.  Kotun daukaka kara ta rage tarar zuwa Yuro 250,000. 

A cikin watan Satumba 2021, Keïta, abokan wasansa na Guinea da abokan hamayyarsu daga [[Maroko]] sun makale a lokacin juyin mulkin Guinea na 2021. Duk sun dawo gida lafiya.

== Kididdigar sana'a/Aiki ==

=== Kulob/Ƙungiya ===
{{Updated|match played 28 May 2022}}&lt;ref name=Soccerway&gt;{{cite web|title=N. Keïta: Summary|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/naby-deco-keita/323155/|website=Soccerway|publisher=Perform Group|access-date=26 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |National Cup
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |League Cup
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
|Istres
|2013–14
|Ligue 2
|23
|4
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|23
|4
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Red Bull Salzburg
|2014–15
|Austrian Bundesliga
|30
|5
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|10{{Efn|Four appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]], six appearances and one goal in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|44
|6
|-
|2015–16
|Austrian Bundesliga
|29
|12
|5
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|3{{Efn|Two appearances in UEFA Champions League, one appearance in UEFA Europa League}}
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|37
|14
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!59
!17
!9
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!13
!1
!0
!0
!81
!20
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |RB Leipzig
|2016–17
|Bundesliga
|31
|8
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|32
|8
|-
|2017–18
|Bundesliga
|27
|6
|2
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|10{{Efn|Five appearances and two goals in UEFA Champions League, five appearances in UEFA Europa League}}
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|39
|9
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!58
!14
!3
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!10
!2
!0
!0
!71
!17
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]
|2018–19
|Premier League
|25
|2
|1
|0
|1
|0
|6{{Efn|Appearances in UEFA Champions League}}
|1
|0
|0
|33
|3
|-
|2019–20
|Premier League
|18
|2
|0
|0
|2
|0
|4{{Efn}}
|1
|3{{Efn|One appearance in [[FA Community Shield]], two appearances and one goal in [[FIFA Club World Cup]]}}
|1
|27
|4
|-
|2020–21
|Premier League
|10
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|4{{Efn}}
|0
|1{{Efn|Appearance in FA Community Shield}}
|0
|16
|0
|-
|2021–22
|Premier League
|23
|3
|4
|0
|3
|0
|10{{Efn}}
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|40
|4
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!76
!7
!5
!0
!7
!0
!24
!3
!4
!1
!116
!11
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!216
!42
!17
!3
!7
!0
!47
!6
!4
!1
!291
!52
|}

=== Ƙasashen Duniya ===
{{Updated|match played 9 June 2022}}&lt;ref name=&quot;nft&quot;/&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Fitowa da burin tawagar ƙasa da shekara
! Tawagar kasa
! Shekara
! Aikace-aikace
! Buri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;11&quot; | Gini
| 2012
| 1
| 1
|-
| 2013
| 1
| 0
|-
| 2014
| 7
| 0
|-
| 2015
| 11
| 2
|-
| 2016
| 4
| 0
|-
| 2017
| 5
| 3
|-
| 2018
| 4
| 0
|-
| 2019
| 4
| 1
|-
| 2020
| 2
| 1
|-
| 2021
| 5
| 0
|-
| 2022
| 6
| 3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Jimlar
! 50
! 11
|}

: ''Kamar yadda wasan ya buga 9 Yuni 2022.'' ''Makin Guinea da aka jera farko, ginshiƙin maki yana nuna maki bayan kowace ƙwallon Keita.'' 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Jerin kwallayen kasa da kasa da Naby Keïta ya ci
! A'a.
! Kwanan wata
! Wuri
! Abokin hamayya
! Ci
! Sakamako
! Gasa
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1
| 14 Disamba 2012
| National Stadium, Freetown, Saliyo
|&lt;/img&gt; Saliyo
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-0
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-1
| 2014 cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2
| 12 Nuwamba 2015
| Sam Nujoma Stadium, Windhoek, Namibia
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;/img&gt; Namibiya
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-0
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2018 FIFA cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 3
| 15 Nuwamba 2015
| Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca, Morocco
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2–0
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 4
| 10 Yuni 2017
| Stade Bouaké, Bouaké, Ivory Coast
|&lt;/img&gt; Ivory Coast
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 3–2
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 3–2
| 2019 cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 5
| 31 ga Agusta, 2017
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Stade du 28 ga Satumba, Conakry, Guinea
|&lt;/img&gt; Libya
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-0
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 3–2
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2018 FIFA cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 6
| Oktoba 7, 2017
|&lt;/img&gt; Tunisiya
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-0
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-4
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 7
| 14 Nuwamba 2019
| Stade du 26 Mars, Bamako, Mali
|&lt;/img&gt; Mali
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-1
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2-2
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2021 neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 8
| 15 Nuwamba 2020
| Stade Omnisports Idriss Mahamat Ouya, N'Djamena, Chadi
|&lt;/img&gt; Chadi
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-0
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-1
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 9
| 6 Janairu 2022
| Amahoro Stadium, Kigali, Rwanda
|&lt;/img&gt; Rwanda
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2–0
| Sada zumunci
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 10
| 18 ga Janairu, 2022
| Stade Ahmadou Ahidjo, Yaoundé, Kamaru
|&lt;/img&gt; Zimbabwe
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-2
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-2
| 2021 Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 11
| 9 ga Yuni 2022
| Babban filin wasa na Lansana Conte, Conakry, Guinea
|&lt;/img&gt; Malawi
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-0
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-0
| 2023 neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika
|}

== Girmamawa ==
'''Red Bull Salzburg'''

* Bundesliga ta Austria: 2014–15, 2015–16 
* Kofin Austria : 2014–15, 2015–16 

'''Liverpool'''

* Premier League : 2019-20 
* Kofin FA : 2021-22 
* Kofin EFL : 2021-22 
* UEFA Champions League : 2018-19,  wanda ya zo na biyu: 2021-22 
* FIFA Club World Cup : 2019 

'''Mutum'''

* Gwarzon dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Guinea: 2015,  2021
* Gwarzon Dan Wasan Kwallon Kafar Bundesliga na Austriya: 2015–16 
* Kungiyar Bundesliga ta kakar wasa: 2016–17 
* Kungiyar UEFA Europa League na kakar wasa: 2017-18 
* Kungiyar CAF ta Shekara : 2018 

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{NFT player}}
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>ja9hzoutf24h40g0hzkg36jqzcginqv</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nagwa Ibrahim Saleh Ali</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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[[Fayil:Liste der diplomatischen Vertretungen und anderer Vertretungen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.pdf|thumb|Nagwa Ibrahim Saleh Ali]]
'''Nagwa Ibrahim Saleh Ali''' (an haifeta a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni 1975) tsohuwar 'yar tseren Masar ce. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.all-athletics.com/node/108665 Nagwa Ali] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510114826/http://www.all-athletics.com/node/108665 |date=2017-05-10 }}. All-Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce mai riike tarihin gasar a Masar a cikin tafiyar kilomita 20 tare da lokacinta na 1:41:08 hours daga 2002. &lt;ref&gt;[http://eaf-egy.com/Arab/ Egyptian Records] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906064025/http://eaf-egy.com/Arab/ |date=2017-09-06 }}. Egyptian Athletics Association. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.&lt;/ref&gt; Ta zama zakarar Afirka sau uku kuma ta wakilci Masar a gasar tseren  duniya na IAAF sau hudu. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/egypt/nagwa-ibrahim-saleh-ali-68205 Nagwa Ibrahim Saleh Ali]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.&lt;/ref&gt;

Nagwa Ali na daga cikin manyan mata masu yawo a Afirka da kuma cikin kasashen Larabawa a lokacin da take aiki. Ta lashe lambobin zinare uku a gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta [[Gasar Cin Kofin Nahiyar Afirka a Wasan Athletics|Afirka]], inda ta yi nasara a 1998, 2002 da 2006. Ita ma ta zo ta biyu a 1996 da 2000, inda ta kare a bayan Dounia Kara ta Aljeriya sannan Bahia Boussad. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/afc.htm African Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.&lt;/ref&gt; A gasar ta All-African ta kasance mai lambar azurfa sau biyu, inda ta zama ta biyu a tseren mita 5000 a bayan Kara a 1995, sannan ta kare a bayan Susan Vermeulen ta Afirka ta Kudu a tafiyar kilomita 10 a 1999. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/afg.htm All-Africa Games]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.&lt;/ref&gt;

A gasar yankin Larabawa, ta kasance mai lambar zinare a gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta Larabawa ta 1998 da kuma a gasar Pan Arab na 1999. Kamar yadda a matakin Afirka, ta kasance ta biyu zuwa Kara a Gasar Cin Kofin Larabawa (1993 da 1995).   Lambobin yabo na ƙarshe na aikinta na duniya sun zo ne a cikin 2007, lokacin da ta zama ta biyu a bayan Chaima Trabelsi ta Tunisiya a gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na Larabawa na 2007 da na Pan Arab Games . &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africathle.com/perso/perf/052007.html Championnats arabes, Amman (Jordanie) 18-21/05] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192203/http://www.africathle.com/perso/perf/052007.html |date=2016-03-04 }}. Africa Athle. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africathle.com/gb/perso/perf/112007.html Results November 2007 - Pan Arab Games] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006215749/http://www.africathle.com/gb/perso/perf/112007.html |date=2018-10-06 }}. Athletics Africa. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.&lt;/ref&gt;

A matsayinta na ƙaramar yarinya, ta wakilci Masar a Gasar Ƙwallon Ƙwararrun  ta Duniya a 1994 . Ta kasance zakara a galibin wasan Arab Junies na Arab Juniors da mai tsere a galibin Afirka na 1994 na wasan motsa jiki. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/afj.htm African Junior Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/arj.htm Arab Junior Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gasar kasa da kasa ==
{| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}}
|-
|1993
|[[1993 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]]
|[[Latakia]], Syria
|bgcolor=silver|2nd
|10,000 m walk
|58:53.18
|-
|rowspan=3|1994
|[[1994 African Junior Athletics Championships|African Junior Championships]]
|[[Algiers]], Algeria
|bgcolor=silver|2nd
|5000 m walk
|24:28.03
|-
|[[1994 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]]
|[[Lisbon]], Portugal
|25th
|[[1994 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 5000 metres walk|5000 m walk]]
|24:53.02
|-
|[[1994 Arab Junior Athletics Championships|Arab Junior Championships]]
|[[Tunis]], Tunisia
|bgcolor=gold|1st
|5000 m walk
|25:54.76 {{AthAbbr|CR}}
|-
|rowspan=2|1995
|[[1995 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]]
|[[Cairo]], Egypt
|bgcolor=silver|2nd
|10,000 m walk
|52:23.8
|-
|[[Athletics at the 1995 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]]
|[[Harare]], Zimbabwe
|bgcolor=silver|2nd
|5000 m walk
|24:25.3
|-
|1996
|[[1996 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]]
|[[Yaoundé]], Cameroon
|bgcolor=silver|2nd
|5000 m walk
|24:05.40
|-
|1997
|[[1997 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]]
|[[Poděbrady]], Czech Republic
|90th
|10&amp;nbsp;km walk
|49:51
|-
|rowspan=2|1998
|[[1997–98 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]]
|[[Ta'if]], Saudi Arabia
|bgcolor=gold|1st
|20&amp;nbsp;km walk
|52:19
|-
|[[1998 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]]
|[[Dakar]], Senegal
|bgcolor=gold|1st
|5000 m walk
|24:28.42
|-
|rowspan=3|1999
|[[1999 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]]
|[[Mézidon-Canon]], France
|99th
|20&amp;nbsp;km walk
|1:52:46
|-
|[[Athletics at the 1999 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]]
|[[Johannesburg]], South Africa
|bgcolor=silver|2nd
|[[Athletics at the 1999 All-Africa Games – Women's 10 kilometres walk|10 km walk]]
|50:19
|-
|[[Athletics at the 1999 Pan Arab Games|Pan Arab Games]]
|[[Irbid]], Jordan
|bgcolor=gold|1st
|10&amp;nbsp;km walk
|51:06
|-
|2000
|[[2000 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]]
|[[Algiers]], Algeria
|bgcolor=silver|2nd
|10&amp;nbsp;km walk
|50:15
|-
|rowspan=2|2001
|[[Athletics at the 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie|Francophonie Games]]
|[[Ottawa]], Canada
|4th
|[[Athletics at the 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results|10,000 m walk]]
|47:27
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2001 Mediterranean Games|Mediterranean Games]]
|[[Radès]], Tunisia
|7th
|[[Athletics at the 2001 Mediterranean Games – Results|20 km walk]]
|1:45:54
|-
|rowspan=2|2002
|[[2002 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]]
|[[Turin]], Italy
|51st
|20&amp;nbsp;km walk
|1:41:08
|-
|[[2002 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]]
|[[Radès]], Tunisia
|bgcolor=gold|1st
|[[2002 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 10 kilometres walk|10 km walk]]
|49:26
|-
|rowspan=2|2006
|[[2006 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]]
|[[A Coruña]], Spain
|64th
|20&amp;nbsp;km walk
|1:46:42
|-
|[[2006 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]]
|[[Bambous, Mauritius]]
|bgcolor=gold|1st
|[[2006 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 20 kilometres walk|20 km walk]]
|1:43:22
|-
|rowspan=2|2007
|[[2007 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]]
|[[Amman]], Jordan
|bgcolor=silver|2nd
|10&amp;nbsp;km walk
|51:16.6
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2007 Pan Arab Games|Pan Arab Games]]
|[[Cairo]], Egypt
|bgcolor=silver|2nd
|[[Athletics at the 2007 Pan Arab Games – Results|10,000 m walk]]
|55:14.6
|}

== Lakabinta/Titles na ƙasa ==

* Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta Masar &lt;ref name=&quot;NC&quot;&gt;[http://www.gbrathletics.com/nc/egy.htm Egyptian Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.&lt;/ref&gt;
** Tafiya na 5000 m: 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002
** 10&amp;nbsp;kilomita tafiya: 1993, 1996, 1997
** Tsawon mita 10,000: 1998, 1999

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin sunayen zakarun gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na Afirka

== Manazarta ==


{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{World Athletics|68205}}
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>s0xx307z0en5tarq7f0sn9legcgk0vc</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Nana Amaniampong Marfo</title>
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'''Nana Amaniampong Marfo''' (an haife shi 6 Maris 1957) ɗan siyasan [[Ghana]] ne kuma memba na Majalisar 6th na Jamhuriyyar [[Ghana]] ta huɗu.

== Ilimi da farkon rayuwa ==
Marfo ya sami takardar shaidar matakin GCE O daga Makarantar Tetrem da GCE A-level daga Kwalejin St. Augustine, Cape Coast . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps.php?mp=15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020165455/https://www.parliament.gh/mps.php?mp=15 |archive-date=2023-10-20 |access-date=2020-01-26 |website=Parliament Of Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya sami digiri na BSc a fannin Kudi da Gudanarwa da MBA a fannin Kasuwanci a [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Amaniampong, Nana Marfo |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5272 |access-date=2020-01-26 |website=Ghana MPs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Marfo ya fito daga Tetrem-Afigya a [[yankin Ashanti]] na Ghana. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Yana da aure da ’ya’ya biyu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Shi Kirista ne (Mai Baftisma). &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Siyasa ==
Marfo dan siyasan [[Ghana]] ne kuma dan majalisar wakilai ta bakwai a jamhuriyar [[Ghana]] ta huɗu mai wakiltar mazaɓar Afigya-Kwabre ta arewa a [[yankin Ashanti]] na Ghana kan tikitin sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013183652/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=15 |archive-date=2023-10-13 |access-date=2019-02-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== zaɓen 2012 ==
Marfo ya fara tsayawa takara ne a zaɓen kasar Ghana a shekara ta 2012 a kan tikitin sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party na Afughya-Kwabre North a yankin Ashanti na Ghana kuma ya lashe zaben da kuri'u 17,597, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 69.34% na yawan ƙuri'un. Ya lashe zaɓen a kan Alex Yaw-Poku na National Democratic Congress, Daniel Atta Asenso Preprah na PPP, Duah Hubert na Jam'iyyar Convention People's Party, Francis Boadu na NDP da Joyce Oduro ta PNC. Sun samu kuri'u 6,207, kuri'u 1,073, kuri'u 205, kuri'u 175 da kuri'u 120, daidai da kashi 24.46%, 4.23%, 0.81%, 0.69%, da 0.47% bi da bi .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Afigya Kwabre North Constituency Results - Election 2012 |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/ashanti/afigya_kwabre_north/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206112951/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/ashanti/afigya_kwabre_north/ |archive-date=2023-02-06 |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary Results - Afigya Kwabre NorthConstituency |url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/election2012/parliament.constituency.php?ID=104&amp;res=pm |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=mobile ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Afigya Kwabre North – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report |url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/ashanti-region/afigya-kwabre-north/ |access-date=2023-10-13 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106103239/https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/ashanti-region/afigya-kwabre-north/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== zaɓen 2016 ==
Marfo ya tsaya takarar ɗan majalisar dokokin Afughya-Kwabre ta Arewa a babban zaɓen Ghana na shekarar 2016 a kan tikitin sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party kuma ya lashe zaben da kuri'u 17,978 da ke wakiltar kashi 71.52% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. Ya lashe zaɓen ne a kan Kwaku Agyekum Asare na National Democratic Congress wanda ya samu ƙuri'u 6,689 daidai da kashi 26.61%, dan takarar majalisar wakilai na jam'iyyar Convention People's Party Frank Opoku ya samu kuri'u 204 da ke wakiltar 0.81%, dan takarar majalisar wakilai na jam'iyyar PPP Francis Boadu ya samu kuri'u 197 mai wakiltar 0.78% na majalisar dokoki, kuma dan takarar jam'iyyar PPP ya samu kuri'u 0.78%. daidai da 0.27% na jimlar kuri'un. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Afigya Kwabre North Constituency Results - Election 2016 |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/ashanti/afigya_kwabre_north/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025095553/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/ashanti/afigya_kwabre_north/ |archive-date=2023-10-25 |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Afigya Kwabre North – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report |url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/ashanti-region/afigya-kwabre-north/ |access-date=2023-10-13 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106103239/https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/ashanti-region/afigya-kwabre-north/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A lokacin zaɓen fidda gwani na NPP na shekarar 2020, Marfo ya sha kaye a zaɓen a hannun [[Collins Adomako-Mensah|Collins Adomako Mensah]] don wakiltar Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Patriotic a babban zaɓen Ghana na 2020 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-06-20 |title=#NPPDecides: Full list of winners and losers |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/06/nppdecides-full-list-of-winners-and-losers/ |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki ==
Bayan kammala karatunsa a [[Jami'ar Ghana]] a 1989, Marfo ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin bautar ƙasa a National Mobilisation. Daga shekarar 1991 zuwa 1994 ya kasance Babban Sufeto a [[Ofishin Ilimi na Ghana|Sashen Ilimi na Ghana]] (GES). Shekara daya da barin GES, an nada shi babban manaja a bankin kasuwanci na Ghana yana aiki a matsayin shugaban SME na Arewa Sector. Ya yi wannan aiki daga 1995 zuwa 2012. Daga 2009 zuwa 2012 ya ninka matsayin malami a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jami'ar. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1957]]</text>
      <sha1>h209zs7qhwmrr5j6005l7bles7k8cm5</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Mohammed Maina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1981" sha1="j35lurydqmsgp20l0klu8bmhzzpsx6u" xml:space="preserve"> {{Databox}}

Laftanar Kanar '''Mohammed Maina''' ya kasance gwamnan [[Borno|jihar Bornon]] [[Najeriya]] a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida.]]&lt;ref name=wstate&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm
 |publisher=WorldStatesmen
 |title=Nigeria States
 |accessdate=2010-05-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maina ya kasance mamba ne a kotun soji ta shiyyar Legas da gwamnatin Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ta kafa a shekarar 1984 domin yi wa jami’an gwamnati shari’a a zamanin [[Shehu Shagari]] wadanda ake zargi da wawure dukiyar jama’a.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.newnigerianpolitics.com/indextemplatecom_max_siollun_IBB_his_life_and_times_part_4_aug_16_2008.html
 |title=Babangida: His Life &amp; Times (Part IV)
 |author=Max Siollun
 |author-link=Max Siollun
 |work=New Nigerian Politics
 |date=August 16, 2008
 |accessdate=2010-05-13
 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ya nada gwamnan jihar Borno a shekarar 1990, ya yi rayuwa mai dadi kuma ba ya hakuri da tsarin lissafin kudi, inda ya rika fitar da kudaden jihar ta hanyar “takaitattun bayanai zuwa ga hukumomin kididdiga na baitul-mali. A cikin Maris 1990 ya nishadantar da Yarima da Gimbiya Wales a ziyarar da ya kai jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
 |page=154
 |title=Nigeria's Third Republic: the problems and prospects of political transition to civil rule
 |author=Bamidele A. Ojo
 |author-link=Bamidele A Ojo
 |publisher=Nova Publishers
 |year=1998
 |ISBN=1-56072-580-X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.itnsource.com/shotlist//ITN/1990/03/25/CR2233/?s=officials
 |title=PRINCE &amp; PRINCESS OF WALES CAMEROON &amp; NIGERIA VISIT
 |date=25 March 1990
 |work=ITN Source
 |accessdate=2010-05-13
 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Yan'siyasan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Yan siyasa a najeriya]]
[[Category:Yan siyasa daga jihar Borno]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>OPEC</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>40567</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Opec Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries countries.png]] → [[File:Opec Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries countries 2006.png]] [[c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] (meaningless or ambiguous name) · The map has not been updated once, has been superseded by other maps, and shows OPEC members in 2006, which can be used as a historic map.</comment>
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      <text bytes="5874" sha1="6gvq0i6iu0z8wk3mtnl44k78nig7rpz" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:OPEC Siege.pdf|thumb|Opec]]
[[Fayil:Flag of OPEC.svg|thumb|tutar opec]]
[[Fayil:Opec Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries countries 2006.png|thumb|opec]]
'''Kungiyar Kasashe Masu Fitar da Man Fetur''' ( '''OPEC''',/ˈoʊ pɛk/OH-pek ) ƙungiya ce ta kasashe {{As of|2021|July|alt=13|lc=y|url=http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/25.htm}}. An kafa ta a ranar 14 ga watan Satumbar 1960 a Bagadaza ta kasashe biyar na farko (Iran, Iraki, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, da Venezuela), tun a 1965, tana da hedkwata a Vienna, Austria, kodayake Austria ba ta cikin kungiyar OPEC. {{As of|September 2018}}, da 13&amp;nbsp;Kasashen membobi sun kai kimanin kashi 44 da 81.5 na yawan man da ake hakowa a duniya&amp;nbsp;kashi dari na arzikin man fetur da aka tabbatar a duniya, wanda ya baiwa kungiyar OPEC babban tasiri kan farashin mai a duniya wanda a baya kungiyar da ake kira &quot;Seven Sisters&quot; na kamfanonin mai na kasa da kasa suka kayyade.
[[File:Wien - OPEC-Zentrale, Portal.JPG|thumb|Ofishin ƙasashe masu tattalin arzikin mai wato masu hako mai kenan wato Opec a turance]]
Kafa OPEC ya kawo sauyi ga ikon mallakar kasa a kan albarkatun kasa, kuma shawarar da kungiyar ta OPEC ta yi ta taka rawar gani a kasuwar man fetur ta duniya da huldar kasa da kasa. Tasirin na iya zama mai ƙarfi musamman lokacin da yaƙe-yaƙe ko rikice-rikicen jama'a ke haifar da tsawaitawa a cikin wadata. A cikin shekarun 1970, takunkumin hako mai ya haifar da tashin gwauron zabi a farashin mai da kuma kudaden shiga da kuma arzikin kungiyar OPEC, wanda hakan ya dade yana haifar da tasiri ga tattalin arzikin duniya. A cikin shekarun 1980, OPEC ta fara tsara manufofin samar da kayayyaki ga kasashe mambobinta; gabaɗaya, idan aka rage abin da ake nufi, farashin mai yana ƙaruwa. Wannan ya faru kwanan nan daga ƙudirin 2008 da 2016 na ƙungiyar don rage yawan abin da aka samu.

Masana tattalin arziki sun bayyana OPEC a matsayin misali na littafin karatu na ƙungiyar da ke ba da haɗin kai don rage gasa a kasuwa, amma wanda tuntubarsa ta sami kariya ta rukunan [[State immunity|rigakafi na ƙasa a ƙarƙashin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa]].&lt;ref&gt;Colgan, Jeff D. (2021), &quot;The Stagnation of OPEC&quot;, Partial Hegemony: Oil Politics and International Order, Oxford University Press, pp. 94–118, doi:10.1093/oso/9780197546376.003.0004, ISBN 978-0-19-754637-6&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarun 1960 da 1970, OPEC ta yi nasarar sake fasalin tsarin samar da mai a duniya ta yadda hukumar yanke shawara da mafi yawan ribar ke hannun kasashe masu arzikin man fetur. Tun a shekarun 1980, OPEC ta yi tasiri sosai wajen samar da man fetur a duniya da daidaiton farashinsa, saboda yawan ha’inci da mambobin kungiyar ke yi a kan alkawurran da suka yi wa juna, kuma kamar yadda alkawurran da mambobin kungiyar ke yi na nuna abin da za su yi ko da kuwa babu OPEC. 

 Kasashen OPEC na yanzu sun hada da Algeria, Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Jamhuriyar Congo, Saudi Arabia, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa da Venezuela. A halin da ake ciki, Ecuador, Indonesia da Qatar, sun kasance mambobin kungiyar OPEC. An kafa wata babbar kungiya mai suna OPEC a karshen shekarar 2016 domin samun karin iko kan kasuwar danyen mai ta duniya.&lt;ref&gt;Cohen, Ariel. &quot;OPEC Is Dead, Long Live OPEC+&quot;. Forbes. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƙungiya da tsari ==
A cikin jerin matakai a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970, OPEC ta sake fasalin tsarin samar da mai a duniya don goyon bayan kasashe masu samar da mai da kuma nesanta kansu daga oligopoly na manyan kamfanonin mai na Anglo-American (The Seven Sisters).&lt;ref&gt;Colgan, Jeff D. (2021), &quot;The Rise of OPEC&quot;, Partial Hegemony: Oil Politics and International Order, Oxford University Press, pp. 59–93, doi:10.1093/oso/9780197546376.003.0003, ISBN 978-0-19-754637-6&lt;/ref&gt;  Haɗin kai tsakanin jihohin da ke hako mai a cikin OPEC, ya sa su sami sauƙi a mayar da haƙon mai zuwa ƙasa da kuma tsara farashin mai don amfanin su ba tare da fuskantar hukunci daga gwamnatoci da kamfanoni na Yamma ba. Kafin kafa kungiyar OPEC, an hukunta daidaikun jihohin da ke hako mai saboda daukar matakin sauya tsarin tafiyar da harkokin hakar mai a iyakokinsu.  An tilastawa kasashe ne ta hanyar soji (misali a shekarar 1953, Amurka da Birtaniya sun dauki nauyin juyin mulkin da aka yi wa Mohammad Mosaddegh bayan ya mayar da man fetur din Iran kasa) ko kuma ta fuskar tattalin arziki (misali Seven Sisters sun rage yawan man fetur a wata jiha da ba ta yarda da hakan ba, sannan ta kara habaka samar da mai a wani waje) a lokacin da aka yi abin da ya saba wa muradun ’yan’uwa mata bakwai da gwamnatocinsu. 

Ma’anar tsarin da kungiyar ta OPEC ke da shi shi ne cewa tana da muradin gamayya ga mambobinta su takaita wadatar man fetur a duniya domin samun karin farashi.  Sai dai babbar matsalar da ke tsakanin kungiyar ta OPEC ita ce ta dace daidaikun mambobin su yi magudin alkawurra da kuma samar da mai gwargwadon iko. 

Masanin kimiyyar siyasa Jeff Colgan ya yi zargin cewa OPEC tun a shekarun 1980 ta gaza cimma burinta (iyaka kan samar da mai a duniya, daidaita farashin, da kuma kara yawan kudaden shiga na dogon lokaci).  Ya gano cewa membobi sun yaudari kashi 96% na alkawuransu.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Statute&quot; (PDF). OPEC. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;  Matukar dai kasashe mambobin kungiyar sun cika alkawuran da suka dauka, saboda alkawurran sun nuna abin da za su yi ko da kuwa babu OPEC. Babban dalilin da ya sa ake yawan yin magudi shi ne, OPEC ba ta hukunta mambobinta saboda rashin cika alkawuran da suka dauka. 
[[File:158ava_Reunión_de_países_miembros_de_la_OPEP_(5251965558).jpg|alt=refer to caption|thumb| Wakilan taron OPEC a Swissotel, Quito, [[Ecuador]], Disamba 2010.]]


== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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[[File:Mahamadou Issoufou VOA 150 4dec04.jpg|thumb|[[Mahamadou Issoufou]] yana magana da manema labarai a lokacin yaƙin neman zabensa na 2004.]]
'''Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism'''  ( {{Lang-fr|Parti Nigerien pour la Democratie et le Socialisme}}, PNDS-Tarayya) jam'iyyar siyasa ce a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]]. Jam'iyya ce mai ra'ayin hagu,&lt;ref&gt;http://archive.ipu.org/parline-f/reports/arc/1237_99.htm&lt;/ref&gt; wani ɓangare ne na Socialist International,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.socialistinternational.org/about-us/members/&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tun 2011 take kan karagar mulki bayan zaɓen shugabanta [[Mahamadou Issoufou]] wanda ya daɗe yana mulki. [[Mohamed Bazoum]] shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar PNDS, kuma babban sakatarenta shine [[Foumakoye Gado]].

&quot;Tarayya&quot; tana nufin &quot;taro&quot; a cikin [[harshen Hausa]].&lt;ref&gt;https://pnds-tarayya.net/notre-histoire/&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tarihi ==

=== Jamhuriya ta uku ===
An kafa jam'iyyar a ranar 23 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1990,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://pnds-tarraya.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=5&amp;Itemid=6 |access-date=2023-03-03 |archive-date=2007-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929151916/http://pnds-tarraya.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=5&amp;Itemid=6 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  ta lashe kujeru 13 daga cikin kujeru 83 na Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa a zaɓen 'yan majalisu na Fabrairu shekarar 1993.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://africanelections.tripod.com/ne.html{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/Contact-us/This-website-was-recently-revamped?Cmd=ViewContent&amp;ContentID=11625&lt;/ref&gt; biyar daga cikinsu an ci nasara a sashen gida na Issoufou na [[Tahoua (sashe)|Sashen Tahoua]]. A zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ya biyo baya, zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyu da yawa na farko, shugaban PNDS Mahamadou Issoufou, ya zo na uku da kashi 15.92% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa a zagayen farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A wani ɓangare na ƙawance da ake kira Alliance of the Forces of Change, jam'iyyar PNDS ta goyi bayan [[Mahamane Ousmane]] na jam'iyyar CDS a zagaye na biyu, inda Ousmane ya doke [[Mamadou Tandja|Tandja Mamadou]] na jam'iyyar National Movement for the Development of Society (MNSD). A majalisar dokokin ƙasar, jam'iyyar PNDS ta zama wani ɓangare na jam'iyyar AFC mai rinjaye, kuma Issoufou ya zama Firayim Minista.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

A cikin wata doka da aka bayar a ranar 21 ga watan Satumban shekara ta 1994, Ousmane ya ƙarfafa ikonsa ta hanyar amfani da na Firayim Minista, kuma Issoufou ya yi murabus a ranar 28 ga watan Satumba. Jam’iyyar PNDS dai ba ta so ta gabatar da wani ɗan takara da zai maye gurbin Issoufou ya fice daga jam’iyyar AFC, wanda hakan ya sa jam’iyyar ta AFC ta samu rinjaye a majalisar. Daga nan ne jam'iyyar PNDS ta ƙulla ƙawance da jam'iyyar adawa ta MNSD duk da tarihin ƙiyayya da jam'iyyar; An kori Adji Kirgam da Mazou Ibrahim, shugabannin PNDS biyu da ke adawa da wannan ƙawancen daga jam’iyyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Rashin rinjayen jam'iyyar AFC ya kai ga fara zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki a watan Janairun shekarar 1995, wanda jam'iyyar PNDS ta samu kujeru 12 sannan ƙawancen MNSD-PNDS tare da wasu ƙananan kungiyoyi biyu suka samu rinjayen kujeru a majalisar dokokin ƙasar. [[Hama Amadou]] na jam'iyyar MNSD ya zama Firaminista yayin da Issoufou ya zama shugaban majalisar dokokin ƙasar. Wannan lamari dai ya haɗa da zaman tare tsakanin sabuwar gwamnati da shugaba Ousmane, kuma gamuwa mai tsanani ta shiga tsakaninsu. A watan Janairun shekarar 1996, sojoji ƙarƙashin [[Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara|Ibrahim Bare Mainassara]] suka ƙwace mulki a wani juyin mulki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Mulkin Soja da Jamhuriya ta Huɗu ===
A zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da aka gudanar a watan Yulin shekarar 1996 da Mainassara ya lashe a zagayen farko, ɗan takarar jam'iyyar PNDS Issoufou a hukumance ya zo na huɗu da kashi 7.60% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tare da sauran jam'iyyun adawa, waɗanda aka haɗa tare a matsayin Front for the Restoration and Defence of Democracy, PNDS ta ƙauracewa zaɓen 'yan majalisa na Nuwamba shekara ta 1996.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.afrique-express.com/&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Jamhuriya ta biyar ===
Bayan wani juyin mulkin da aka yi a watan Afrilun Shekara ta 1999, Issoufou ya zo na biyu a zagayen farko na takarar shugaban ƙasa a babban zaɓen da aka gudanar a ƙarshen shekarar, inda ya samu kashi 22.79% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. A zagaye na biyu ya samu kashi 40.11% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa kuma Tandja ya doke shi. A zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki, jam'iyyar PNDS ta samu kujeru 16 daga cikin kujeru 83 na majalisar dokokin ƙasar,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20051018053532/http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/RAPPORT_DE_LA_MISSION_D_OBSERVATION_DES_ELECTIONS_PRESIDENTIELLES_ET_LEGISLATIVES_DES_17_OCTOBRE_ET_24_NOVEMBRE_1999_.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; ta zama babbar jam'iyyar adawa.

A babban zaɓen shekara ta 2004, Issoufou ya sake zama ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar. Ya zo na biyu a zagayen farko na zaɓen da kashi 24.6% na ƙuri’un, kuma Tandja ya sake kayar da shi a zagaye na biyu. A zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki, jam'iyyar PNDS ta samu kashi 13.4% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa kuma ta samu kujeru 17 daga cikin 113; Kujeru takwas ne ƙawancen jam'iyyar PNDS tare da jam'iyyar Progressive Party - African Democratic Rally, Nigerien self-Management Party , da Union of Independent Nigerien  da kuma Union for Democracy and the Republic.

=== Jamhuriya ta Shida ===
Jam'iyyar ta ƙauracewa zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki na shekarar 2009.&lt;ref&gt;https://africanelections.tripod.com/ne.html{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jamhuriya ta bakwai ===
Jam'iyyar ta fafata a zaɓen Shekarar 2011, inda Issoufou ya zama shugaban ƙasa a zagaye na biyu, inda ya doke [[Seyni Oumarou]] na jam'iyyar MNSD, yayin da ta zama jam'iyya mafi girma a majalisar dokokin ƙasar, inda ta samu kujeru 34 daga cikin 113. An sake zaɓen Issoufou a zaɓen shekara ta 2016 a daidai lokacin da abokin hamayyarsa [[Hama Amadou]] ya ƙauracewa zaɓen zagaye na biyu. Jam'iyyar PNDS ta ci gaba da riƙe matsayinta na jam'iyya mafi girma a majalisar dokokin ƙasar, inda ta samu kujeru 75 a cikin kujeru 171 da aka faɗaɗa.

== Tarihin zaɓe ==

=== Zaɓen shugaban ƙasa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Zaɓe 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Ɗan takarar jam'iyya
! '''Ƙuri'u'''
! '''%'''
! '''Ƙuri'u'''
! '''%'''
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Sakamako
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Zagaye na Farko
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Zagaye Na Biyu
|-
| 1993
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | [[Mahamadou Issoufou]]
| 205,707
| 15.92%
| -
| -
| '''Rasa'''
|-
| 1996
| 183,826
| 7.60%
| &lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| &lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| '''Rasa'''
|-
| 1999
| 435,041
| 22.79%
| 710,923
| 40.11%
| '''Rasa''' 
|-
| 2004
| 599,792
| 24.60%
| 794,357
| 34.47%
| '''Rasa'''
|-
| 2011
| 1,192,945
| 36.16%
| 1,797,382
| 58.04%
| '''Zaɓe'''
|-
| 2016
| 2,252,016
| 48.43%
| 4,105,499
| 92.49%
| '''Zaɓe'''
|-
| [[Babban Zaɓen Nijar na 2020|2020-21]]
| [[Mohamed Bazoum|Mohammed Bazoum]]
| 1,879,629
| 39.30%
| 2,490,049
| 55.67%
| '''Zaɓe'''
|}

=== Zaɓen majalisar dokokin ƙasa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Zabe
! Shugaban jam'iyya
! '''Ƙuri'u'''
! '''%'''
! '''Kujeru'''
! +/-
! '''Matsayi'''
|-
| 1993
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; | [[Mahamadou Issoufou]]
| 183,150
| 14.62% 
|{{Composition bar|13|83|hex=#FFAEC9}}
| 13
| 4th
|-
| 1995
| 203,629
| 14.08% 
|{{Composition bar|12|83|hex=#FFAEC9}}
| 1
| 3rd
|-
| 1996
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | An kaurace wa 
|{{Composition bar|0|83|hex=#FFAEC9}}
| 12
|
|-
| 1999
| 378,634
| 21.47% 
|{{Composition bar|16|83|hex=#FFAEC9}}
| 16
| 3rd
|-
| 2004
| 314,810
| 13.76% 
|{{Composition bar|17|83|hex=#FFAEC9}}
| 1
| 3rd
|-
| 2009
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | An kaurace wa 
|{{Composition bar|0|83|hex=#FFAEC9}}
| 17
|
|-
| 2011
| 1,066,011
| 33.00% 
|{{Composition bar|34|113|hex=#FFAEC9}}
| 34
| 1st
|-
| 2016
| 1,701,372
| 35.73% 
|{{Composition bar|75|171|hex=#FFAEC9}}
| 41
| 1st
|-
| [[Babban Zaɓen Nijar na 2020|2020]]
| [[Mohamed Bazoum|Mohammed Bazoum]]
| 1,745,266
| 37.04% 
|{{Composition bar|79|166|hex=#FFAEC9}}
| 4
| 1st
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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'''Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress''' ( {{Lang-fr|Alliance nigérienne pour la démocratie et le progrès}}, ANDP-Zaman Lahiya) jam'iyyar siyasa ce a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]]. 

== Jagoran jam'iyya ==
Moumouni Adamou Djermakoye ya jagoranci jam'iyyar tun daga kafuwarta a shekarar 1992 har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 2009.

== Tarihi ==

=== Ƙarni na 20 ===
Djermakoye shi ne shugaban ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin biyu da suka fito a cikin National Movement for Development of Society (MNSD) a 1991.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Myriam Gervais, &quot;Niger: Regime Change, Economic Crisis, and Perpetuation of Privilege&quot;, in ''Political Reform in Francophone Africa'' (1997), ed. John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, pages 100–101.&lt;/ref&gt; Shi ɗan ƙabilar [[Zabarmawa|Zarma]] (Djerma) ne, waɗanda a baya suka mamaye jam'iyyar,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/Contact-us/This-website-was-recently-revamped?Cmd=ViewContent&amp;ContentID=11625&lt;/ref&gt; amma an zaɓi shugaban jam'iyyar [[Mamadou Tandja]] a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar MNSD a watan Nuwamba 1991&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; tare da goyon bayan waɗanda ba Zarma ba. a cikin jam'iyyar. Daga nan sai Djermakoye ya ɓalle daga jam’iyyar MNSD ya kafa ƙungiyar Abokan Moumouni Adamou Djermakoye (CAMAD), wacce daga baya ta zama jam’iyyar Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ANDP).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Djermakoye shi ne ɗan takarar jam'iyyar ANDP a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 1993 ; bayan da ya zo na huɗu da kashi 15.24% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa a zagayen farko,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;https://africanelections.tripod.com/ne.html{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; jam'iyyar ANDP, a wani ɓangare na ƙawancen da ake kira Alliance of the Forces of Change (AFC), wanda ke goyon bayan ɗan takara na biyu [[Mahamane Ousmane]] na jam'iyyar Democrat . da social convention  a zagaye na biyu na zaɓen, kuma Ousmane ya yi nasara a kan Tandja na MNSD. ANDP ta kafa wani ɓangare na rinjayen 'yan majalisar dokokin AFC bayan zaɓen 'yan majalisu na 1993, inda ANDP ta samu kujeru 11, inda Djermakoye ya zama shugaban majalisar dokokin ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ana ganin rabuwar da ANDP ta yi da MNSD na da matukar muhimmanci wajen bai wa 'yan adawa damar samun nasara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Mafi rinjayen jam’iyyar AFC ciki har da ANDP sun daɗe har sai da jam’iyyar PNDS ta Nijar ta ɓalle daga jam’iyyar AFC a watan Satumban 1994, wanda ya kai ga sabon zaɓen ‘yan majalisar dokoki a watan Janairun 1995 inda jam’iyyar adawa ta AFC ta sha kaye a hannun gamayyar jam’iyyun adawa da suka haɗa da farko. MNSD da PNDS. ANDP ta samu kujeru tara sannan ta ci gaba da zama a jam’iyyar AFC a adawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Bayan juyin mulkin soja na Janairu 1996, Djermakoye ya sake tsayawa takarar shugaban ƙasa a matsayin ɗan takarar jam'iyyar ANDP a zaɓen Yuli 1996, ya ƙare a matsayi na biyar da kashi 4.77% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Bayan nasarar Mainassara, ANDP ta gane hakan kuma ta goyi bayansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Newsletters/irinw196.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.afrique-express.com/&lt;/ref&gt; A zaɓen ‘yan majalisu da aka gudanar a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1996, wanda ‘yan adawa suka ƙauracewa zaɓen, jam’iyyar ANDP ta lashe kujeru takwas, inda ta zama jam’iyya ta biyu mafi girma a majalisar dokokin ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.afrique-express.com/&lt;/ref&gt; A farkon 1998 ANDP ta shiga ƙawancen goyon bayan Mainassara na jam'iyyu uku, Alliance of Democratic and Social Forces.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Newsletters/irinw137.html&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 1998, Djermakoye ya ba da sanarwar cewa ANDP ta rabu da Mainassara, yana mai zargin cewa na biyun ya &quot;ƙasƙantar da jam'iyyar tare da ware&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Bayan wani juyin mulki a watan Afrilun 1999, inda aka kashe Mainassara, Djermakoye shi ne ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar a babban zaɓen watan Oktoba, inda ya ƙare a matsayi na biyar da kashi 7.73% na ƙuri'un,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; yayin da ANDP ta lashe kujeru huɗu a zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20051018053532/http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/RAPPORT_DE_LA_MISSION_D_OBSERVATION_DES_ELECTIONS_PRESIDENTIELLES_ET_LEGISLATIVES_DES_17_OCTOBRE_ET_24_NOVEMBRE_1999_.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; Djermakoye ya goyi bayan ɗan takarar PNDS [[Mahamadou Issoufou]] a zagaye na biyu na zaɓen shugaban ƙasar, ko da yake Issoufou ya sha kaye a hannun ɗan takarar MNSD Tandja.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Bayan zaɓen ne sai jam'iyyar ANDP ta shiga adawa ta koma jam'iyyar 'yan majalisa ɗaya da jam'iyyar RDP-Jama'a.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20020830094821/http://www.assemblee.ne/organes/ldpgp.htm&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ƙarni na 21 ===
A cikin watan Yulin 2002, jam'iyyar ANDP ta shiga ƙawancen masu rinjaye na majalisa, Alliance of Democratic Forces, inda ta bar jam'iyyar adawa ta Coordination of Democratic Forces.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.afrique-express.com/&lt;/ref&gt; Djermakoye ya shiga gwamnati a matsayin Ƙaramin Minista a watan Nuwamba 2002, yana aiki a wannan muƙamin har zuwa Disamba 2004.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.izf.net/&lt;/ref&gt; 

A ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2004, a babban taron jam'iyyar ANDP na uku, jam'iyyar ta sake zaɓar Djermakoye a matsayin ɗan takararta na shugaban ƙasa a babban zaɓe mai zuwa, yana mai cewa bai yi niyyar sake tsayawa takara a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2009 ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://africatime.com/niger/nouvelle.asp?no_nouvelle=143842 |access-date=2023-03-03 |archive-date=2012-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205095840/http://www.africatime.com/niger/nouvelle.asp?no_nouvelle=143842 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A zaɓen shugaban ƙasa, ya samu kashi 6% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa, inda ya samu matsayi na biyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Kamar sauran jam’iyyu uku da aka fitar da ‘yan takararsu a zagayen farko, jam’iyyar ANDP ta marawa Tandja baya a zagaye na biyu.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20110718101400/http://www.french.xinhuanet.com/french/2004-11/23/content_49745.htm&lt;/ref&gt; A zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki jam'iyyar ta samu kashi 5.44% na yawan ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa, inda ta lashe kujeru biyar daga cikin kujeru 113.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Djermakoye ya mutu a watan Yuni 2009.&lt;ref&gt;http://www1.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/114/article_81892.asp&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar ta kasance wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar haɗin kan dakarun kare Dimokuraɗiyya da jamhuriyar jamhuriyar da ta ƙauracewa zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki na shekarar 2009 .

Ɗan uwan Djermakoye [[Moussa Moumouni Djermakoye]], wanda ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja, an zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar ANDP a wani babban taron jam'iyyar a ranar 20 ga watan Yunin 2010. Ya lashe zaɓen cikin sauƙi; ya samu ƙuri'u 278, yayin da Amadou Nouhou ya samu ƙuri'u 85, Ali Seyni Gado ya samu ƙuri'u 66.&lt;ref&gt;M. Bako, &quot;L'ancien Colonel Moussa Moumouni Djermakoye élu président du Parti&quot;, ''Le Sahel'', 21 June 2010 (in French).&lt;/ref&gt; Da aka hamɓarar da shugaba Tandja a juyin mulkin 2010, jam'iyyar ANDP ta shiga zaɓen 2011. Moussa Moumouni Djermakoye ya tsaya a matsayin ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar, inda ya samu kashi 4% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa, kuma ya zo na shida a cikin 'yan takara goma, yayin da jam'iyyar ta samu kujeru takwas a majalisar dokokin ƙasar.

A babban taron jam'iyyar ANDP ta shida da aka gudanar a [[Maradi|Maraɗi]] a ranar &amp;#x2013; ga watan Mayun 2015, an sake zaɓen Djermakoye a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar ANDP, inda Ɗan Dije mataimakin shugaban ƙasa na farko, Mahamadou Adamou mataimakin shugaban ƙasa na biyu, Saley Saidou a matsayin sakatare na gaba.&lt;ref&gt;https://actuniger.com/politique/10061-6eme-congres-ordinaire-de-l-andp-zaman-lahiya-a-maradi-m-moussa-moumouni-djermakoye-reconduit-president-du-parti.html?device=iphone&lt;/ref&gt;

Jam'iyyar ba ta tsayar da ɗan takara a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa a watan Fabrairun 2016 ba, inda ta zaɓi amincewa da takarar shugaba mai ci [[Mahamadou Issoufou]] a zagayen farko na zaɓen.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.actuniger.com/politique/10859-pr%C3%A9sidentielles-2016-l%E2%80%99andp-de-djermakoye-d%C3%A9clare-forfait-et-s%E2%80%99aligne-derri%C3%A8re-issoufou-mahamadou.html&lt;/ref&gt; A zaɓen majalisar da aka yi a lokaci guda, an rage shi zuwa kujeru huɗu a majalisar dokokin ƙasar.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mehdi Ben Sliman</title>
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      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:SC_Freiburg,_Bundesliga,_1999.png|SC_Freiburg,_Bundesliga,_1999.png]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No license since 25 April 2026.</comment>
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'''Mahdi Ben Slimane''' ( {{Lang-ar|مهدي بن سليمان}}   ; an haife shi a ranar daya 1 ga  watan Janairu a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari Tara da saba’in da hudu 1974),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/1-bundesliga/1999-00/sc-freiburg-7/1611/spieler_mehdi-ben-slimane.html | title = Ben Slimane, Mehdi | language = German | publisher = kicker.de | accessdate = 4 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne ɗan Tunisiya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.worldfootball.net/spieler_profil/mehdi-ben-slimane/ | title = Mahdi Ben Slimane | publisher = worldfootball.net | accessdate = 18 July 2010 | archive-date = 2 October 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121002083202/http://www.worldfootball.net/spieler_profil/mehdi-ben-slimane/ | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Bayan ya fara aikinsa a AS Marsa a ƙasarsa ta haihuwa ya koma Faransa a shekarar alif dubu da dari tara da casa’in da shidda 1996 don buga wa Olympique de Marseille. Bayan kakar wasa ɗaya kacal a kulob ɗin, ya koma 2. Bundesliga gefen SC Freiburg wanda ya taimaka wajen inganta zuwa Bundesliga. Ya shafe rabin kakar a matsayin aro kowanne a Borussia Mönchengladbach (a cikin shekarar 2000) da kulob ɗin [[Al-Nassr]] (a cikin shekarar 2001) kafin ya bar Freiburg ya koma Tunisiya, inda ya shafe kakar wasa da rabi a Club Africain.

A matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, ya buga wa tawagar kasar Tunisia wasa kuma ya kasance memba a tawagar a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA a shekara ta 1998 da gasar cin kofin Afrika na shekarar 1996 da kuma gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afrika a shekara ta1998.

== Aikin kulob ==
A cikin watan Fabrairun shekarar 2000, Ben Slimane ya zira ƙwallayen ƙwallaye don SC Freiburg yana ba da gudummawar 2-0 nasara akan SSV Ulm.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Zwei Tore von Ben Slimane|url=http://www.spiegel.de/sport/fussball/freiburg-ulm-2-0-zwei-tore-von-ben-slimane-a-63065.html|accessdate=28 January 2018|work=Der Spiegel|date=5 February 2000|language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Ben Slimane ya halarci gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka a shekarar 1998, inda ya ci wa tawagar ƙasar Tunisia ƙwallaye biyu, kowannensu ya ci [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta DR Congo|DR Congo]] a ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairu da kuma a kan [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Togo|Togo]] a ranar 16 ga watan Fabrairu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Courtney|first1=Barrie|title=African Nations Cup 1998 - Final Tournament Details|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/98a-det.html|website=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=28 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tare da abokin wasan Freiburg Zoubeir Baya, ya wakilci ƙasarsa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA a shekara ta 1998 .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=The Tunisia Squad|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world_cup_98/teams/tunisia/players/84233.stm|accessdate=28 January 2018|work=BBC News &amp; Sport|date=3 May 1998}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=France '98: A Team By Team Guide|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/france-98-a-team-by-team-guide-1163255.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/france-98-a-team-by-team-guide-1163255.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|accessdate=28 January 2018|work=The Independent|date=6 June 1998}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kididdigar sana'a ==

: ''Maki da sakamako ne aka jera yawan kwallayen Tunisia na farko, ginshiƙin maki ya nuna ci bayan kowace ƙwallon Ben Slimane.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Jerin kwallayen da Mehdi Ben Sliman ya ci a duniya
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | A'a.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Kwanan wata
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Wuri
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Abokin hamayya
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Ci
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Sakamako
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Gasa
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1
| 29 ga Nuwamba, 1995
| Stade Chedli Zouiten, [[Tunis]], Tunisiya
|&lt;/img&gt; Burkina Faso
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 3–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 3–0
| Sada zumunci
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2
| 2 ga Yuni 1996
| Stade Régional Nyamirambo, [[Kigali]], Rwanda
|&lt;/img&gt; Rwanda
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 3–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-1
| 1998 cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 3
| 7 ga Agusta, 1997
| Stade El Menzah, Tunis, Tunisiya
|&lt;/img&gt; Zambiya
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-0
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 3–1
| 1997 LG Cup
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 4
| Fabrairu 12, 1998
| Stade Municipal, [[Ouagadougou]], Burkina Faso
|&lt;/img&gt; DR Congo
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-0
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2–1
| 1998 gasar cin kofin Afrika
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 5
| Fabrairu 16, 1998
| Stade Municipal, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
|&lt;/img&gt; Togo
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 3–1
| 1998 gasar cin kofin Afrika
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 6
| 16 Oktoba 1999
| Stade El Menzah, Tunis, Tunisiya
|&lt;/img&gt; Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-0
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1-0
| Sada zumunci
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Tunisiya]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1973]]
[[Category:Mutanan Tunisiya]]
[[Category:Maza]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nana Shettima</title>
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'''Nana Kashim Shettima''' (an haife ta 22 ga watan Yulin 1975) matar [[Mataimakin shugaban Kasar Najeriya|mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Najeriya ce]], [[Kashim Shettima]]. Ita ce uwargidan gwamnan [[Borno|jihar Borno]] daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2019. Ita ce Shugabar gidauniyar SWOT Foundation da Makarantar Orphanage Integrated School, Maiduguri.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.mynewsgh.com/shettima-wife-meet-nana-kashim-shettima-marriage-date-biography-second-wife-age-net-worth/&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Fage ==
An haifi Nana Usman Alƙali a shekarar 1975 a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]] ga dangin Alhaji Usman Alƙali wanda ya fito daga [[Borno|jihar Borno]] kuma dan ƙabilar [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] ne. Ta auri [[Kashim Shettima]] a shekarar 1988 kuma tana da ƴaƴa uku. Ita tsohuwar ɗaliba ce a [[Jami'ar Maiduguri|Jami’ar Maiduguri]] inda ta karanci Harshen Turanci da Adabi.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thinkersnewsng.com/hajiya-nana-shettima-enduring-legacies-of-a-quintessential-first-lady/{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.mynewsgh.com/shettima-wife-meet-nana-kashim-shettima-marriage-date-biography-second-wife-age-net-worth/&lt;/ref&gt;  

Shettima, tare da goyon bayan sirri na mijinta, ta gudanar da ayyukan jin ƙai da zamantakewa da dama na tallafawa marayu da zawarawa. Hakan ya sa ta kafa makarantar Model Orphanage Integrated School a Maiduguri a shekarar 2018 domin kula da marayu da zawarawa da waɗanda suka rasu a jihar Borno.&lt;ref&gt;https://21stcenturychronicle.com/nana-shettima-and-her-three-strange-characters-by-isa-gusau/&lt;/ref&gt; 

A lokacin rashin tsaro da ya addabi jihar Borno musamman a lokacin da aka sace ƴan matan makarantar Chibok a shekarar 2014, saɓanin rahotannin tsaro Shettima ya je garin Chibok ta hanya domin jajantawa iyayen ƴan matan da kuma bayar da goyon baya ga tarbiyya. Wannan matakin ya sa ta kasa halartar taron da uwargidan shugaban ƙasa Dame [[Patience Jonathan]] a Abuja.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/160206-kidnapped-girls-borno-governors-wife-explains-absence-meeting-patience-jonathan.html?tztc=1&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2014/05/06/i-did-not-disrespect-patience-jonathan-borno-govs-wife/&lt;/ref&gt;  

Ta sami lambar yabo daga Jaridar Sun a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban Ƙasa mafi goyon baya a shekarar 2016.&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=-NTyzQEACAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://sunnewsonline.com/my-wife-was-ready-for-death-in-2014-shettima-borno-gov/&lt;/ref&gt;  

Ta hanyar aikinta na dabbobi na shekarar 2012 Taimakawa Marayu, da Tsangaya Foundation SWOT, a matsayin Uwargidan Gwamnan Jihar Borno, Shettima na kai agaji ga mabiya dukkan addinai a lokacin bukukuwa a jihar Borno musamman ma waɗanda suka fi kowa rauni.&lt;ref&gt;https://tribuneonlineng.com/ramadan-nana-shettima-shares-food-cash-boko-haram-victims/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://punchng.com/tinubu-shettimas-wives-donate-n20m-to-flood-victims/&lt;/ref&gt;  

Shettima mai fafutukar yaƙi da daɗe da shaye-shayen miyagun ƙwayoyi yana roƙon mata da su ba da fifiko ga tarbiyyar yara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/news/governors-wife-implores-women-to-prioritise-upbringing-of-children-to-stem-drug-abuse/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-16 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226232311/https://guardian.ng/news/governors-wife-implores-women-to-prioritise-upbringing-of-children-to-stem-drug-abuse/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma kasance kan gaba wajen zawarcin ƙuri'un mata a zaɓen 2023.&lt;ref&gt;https://punchng.com/tinubu-shettimas-wives-donate-n20m-to-flood-victims/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://leadership.ng/2023-tinubu-shettimas-wives-storm-apc-announce-women-campaign-council/&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Haihuwan 1975]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nimi Barigha-Amange</title>
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'''Nimi Barigha-Amange''' (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Mayun 1952) tsohon Sanata ne mai wakiltar Bayelsa ta Gabas ta [[Bayelsa|Jihar Bayelsa]], [[Najeriya]]. Ya fara aiki a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun 2007 yana aiki har zuwa ranar 29 ga watan Mayun 2011. [[Peoples Democratic Party|Ɗan jam'iyyar]] PDP ne.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184920/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=33&amp;page=1&amp;state=8&lt;/ref&gt; 

Barigha-Amange ya sami HND Petroleum Engineering (1981), LL. B (1993) da BL (1995). Ya zama shugaban sashen filaye da da'awar a ELF Petroleum Nigeria, shugaban hukumar raya yankin Neja Delta da kuma shugaban hukumar kula da lafiya ta tarayya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

Bayan ya zama Sanata a cikin watan Yunin 2007 Barigha-Amange aka naɗa a kwamitocin a kan Kimiyya da Fasaha, National Identity Card &amp; Population, Harkokin Cikin Gida da Capital Markets.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A cikin tantancewar tsakiyar wa’adi na Sanatoci a cikin watan Mayun 2009, Thisday ya lura cewa ya ɗauki nauyin ƙudiri kan kafa Hukumar Innovation Agency Establishment, Interception &amp; Sa ido na Sadarwa da Ƙungiyar Jama’a. Ya kuma ba da tallafi tare da ɗaukar nauyin ƙudirori biyar.&lt;ref&gt;https://allafrica.com/stories/200905250350.html&lt;/ref&gt; A wata maƙala a ''jaridar Nigerian Tribune'' da aka rubuta a cikin watan Janairun 2010, Barigha-Amange ya yi kira da a soke cikakken tsarin sarrafa man fetur da kuma ba da lasisi ga ƙananan da matsakaitan matatun mai, wanda zai taimaka wajen kawar da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma rage farashin cikin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-business/586-towards-a-fruitful-deregulation-of-downstream-petroleum-sector |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-04-03 |archive-date=2012-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229175018/http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-business/586-towards-a-fruitful-deregulation-of-downstream-petroleum-sector |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Rage rashin aikin yi ta hanyar ɗaukar mutane 55 aiki a aikin gona. Ci gaban Karkara da Al'umma a fannonin guraben ƙaro karatu, asibitin Boat na Wayar hannu Kyauta, Kasuwancin Kasuwa, Lamuni Mai Tsada ga Matasa da ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar Mata.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Haifaffun 1952]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ogwo E. Ogwo</title>
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'''Ogwo Ekeoma Ogwo''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Ogwo E. Ogwo''' farfesa ne a fannin kasuwanci a Jami’ar Jihar Abia Uturu. Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Jami’ar Jihar Abia Uturu daga cikin watan Satumban 2000 zuwa Satumban 2005. Ya fito daga Igbere a ƙaramar hukumar [https://www.backtoschool.com.ng Bende] dake Abia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://abiastateuniversity.edu.ng/2017/04/27/professor-ogwo-e-ogwo/|title=PROFESSOR OGWO E OGWO|date=27 April 2017|website=[[Abia State University Uturu]]|access-date=24 February 2022|archive-date=27 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727180232/http://abiastateuniversity.edu.ng/2017/04/27/professor-ogwo-e-ogwo/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://educationhouseglobal.com/meet-nigerians-who-became-vice-chancellors-of-two-different-universities/|title=Meet Nigerians Who Became Vice Chancellors of Two Different Universities|first=Benedicta|last=Charles|date=16 October 2020|website=Education House Global|access-date=24 February 2022|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224105203/https://educationhouseglobal.com/meet-nigerians-who-became-vice-chancellors-of-two-different-universities/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Mutane daga jihar Abia]]
[[category:maluman Najeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Obinkita</title>
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'''Obinkita''' ɗaya ne daga cikin ƙauyuka 19 na [[Arochukwu]]. Ita ce babban birnin masarautar [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]] ta Obong Okon Ita kafin mamayar da [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] da Akpa su kayi mata a 1690-1720. Wannan garin yana da mahimmanci a Tarihin Aro domin Obinkita ya zama cibiyar da aka yi wa mayaka Ibibio hukunci. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa duk ƙauyukan Aro suka taru a Obinkita yayin lokutan bikin Ikeji.

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* http://www.aro-okigbo.com/history_of_the_aros.htm{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* https://web.archive.org/web/20080828190518/http://www.aronetwork.org/others/confederancy.html
* http://www.aronewsonline.com/origincivilization.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229222141/http://www.aronewsonline.com/origincivilization.html |date=2019-12-29 }}
[[Category:Gari a Jihar Abiya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nura Noujaim</title>
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[[Fayil:Nour Noujaim.jpg|thumb|hutun Nour Fadi Noujaim]]
'''Nour Fadi Noujaim''' ( {{Lang-ar|نور فادي نجيم}}  &lt;/link&gt; ; an haife ta a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta Fabrairu shekarar 2004) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Lebanon wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta [[Vermont Fusion]] ta kasar Amurka da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Lebanon .

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Lebanon ===
Tsakanin shekarar 2012 da shekara ta 2016, Noujaim ya taka leda a matakin matasa a kulob din yaro.  Ta shiga Zouk Mosbeh a shekara ta 2016, inda ta yi wasa da ’yan kasa da shekara 17, da ‘yan kasa da shekara 19 da kuma manyan kungiyoyin har zuwa shekarar 2018. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Daga nan Noujaim ya koma SAS, yana wasa shekara guda don 'yan kasa da shekaru 17, da 19 da manyan kungiyoyi, kafin su shiga EFP a cikin shekarar 2019, kuma suna wasa don matasan su da manyan kungiyoyin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Amurka ===
Noujaim ya buga wa Central Methodist Eagles, ƙungiyar Jami'ar Methodist ta Tsakiya .   A ranar 28 ga watan Maris shekarar  2022, ta koma Iowa Raptors FC a cikin Gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mata . 

A cikin shekara ta 2022, ta shiga Coker Cobras, ƙungiyar Jami'ar Coker . Jami'ar ta zabe ta 'yar wasan wata a watan Agusta,  kuma an sanya mata suna zuwa Babban Taron Kudancin Atlantic (SAC) Duk-Taro na Uku na shekarar  2022. 

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Noujaim ya wakilci Lebanon a duniya a ƙarƙashin 15, under-16, under-18 da under-19 matakan.  Ta yi babban wasanta na farko a Lebanon a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 2021, a matsayin ta farko a gasar sada zumunci da Armeniya . 

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Noujaim ya halarci  Collège des Sœurs des Saints Cœurs - Beit Chabab .  A cikin Shekarar 2022, ta yi rajista a Jami'ar Coker don yin manyan kan harkokin kasuwanci . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Girmamawa ==
'''Zouk Mosbeh'''

* Gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Lebanon : 2017–18
* Kofin FA na mata na Lebanon : [[2016–17 Lebanese Women's FA Cup|2016–17]], [[2017–18 Lebanese Women's FA Cup|2017–18]]
* Gasar cin Kofin Mata ta Lebanon : [[2017 Lebanese Women's Super Cup|2017]]

'''SAS'''

* Kungiyar Kwallon Kafar Mata ta Lebanon: 2018–19
* Kofin FA na Mata na Lebanon: [[2018–19 Lebanese Women's FA Cup|2018–19]]
* WAFF Women's Club Championship ta zo ta biyu: 2019

'''EFP'''

* Kofin FA na Mata na Lebanon: [[2020–21 Lebanese Women's FA Cup|2020–21]]

'''Lebanon U15'''

* WAFF U-15 Girls Championship : 2018

'''Lebanon U18'''

* WAFF U-18 Gasar 'Yan Mata : 2019 

'''Mutum'''

* Taro na Uku Duk-Taro na Kudancin Atlantic : 2022 

* Jerin sunayen 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na duniya mata na Lebanon

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://www.wpslsoccer.com/roster/nour-noujaim Bayanan martaba]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} a WPSL
* [https://cokercobras.com/sports/wsoc/2022-23/bios/noujaim_nour_pss3?view=career&amp;pos=kickers Bayanan martaba] a Coker Cobras
* Nour Noujaim 
* Nour Noujaim 


[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nora Awolowo</title>
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'''Oreoluwa Racheal Awolowo''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 1999), wacce aka fi sani da '''Nora Awolowo''', fitacciyar mai shirya fina-finai ce [[Ɗan Nijeriya|a Najeriya]], darakta, kuma mai daukar hoto a sinima. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nora Awolowo |url=https://filmfreeway.com/NoraAwolowo17 |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=Popular Nigerian Cinematographer, Nora Shares The Best Thing A Stranger Has Done For Her |url=https://www.ghgossip.com/popular-nigerian-cinematographer-nora-shares-the-best-thing-a-stranger-has-done-for-her/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=ghgossip.com |archive-date=25 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925180600/https://www.ghgossip.com/popular-nigerian-cinematographer-nora-shares-the-best-thing-a-stranger-has-done-for-her/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 August 2019 |title=#Symphonies: Watch The Trailer To Nora Awolowo's Short Film &quot;Symphonies&quot; |url=https://stationmag.com/trailer-to-short-film-symphonies/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924103039/https://stationmag.com/trailer-to-short-film-symphonies/ |archive-date=24 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=stationmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 February 2019 |title=This Must Watch Documentary &quot;Life at the Bay&quot; portrays the Inspiring Survival Tales of Tarkwa Bay Women {{!}} Watch the Teaser on BN |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/02/this-must-watch-documentary-life-at-the-bay-portrays-the-inspiring-survival-tales-of-tarkwa-bay-women-watch-the-teaser-on-bn/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2025 ta zama ƙaramar mai shirya fina-finai ƴar Najeriya da ta kai matsayin ₦ miliyan 100 a cikin fim ɗin ''Red Circle'', fim ɗin da ta yi aiki a matsayin furodusa da mai daukar hoto a sinima. Ita ce kuma mace ta farko 'yar Najeriya da aka zaɓa don Mafi Kyawun Cinematography a bikin [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|bayar da kyaututtuka na Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards]] (AMVCA) saboda aikinta a cikin fim ɗin ''[[lisabi: Tashin hankali|Lisabi: The Uprising]]'' na Najeriya na 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-12-20 |title=These Emerging Nigerian Filmmakers are Having a Great Year - What Kept Me Up |url=https://whatkeptmeup.com/listicles/these-emerging-nigerian-filmmakers-are-having-a-great-year/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Awolowo, ta girma kuma ta yi karatu a Jihar [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya, inda har yanzu take zaune. Ta kuma sami digirinta a fannin Lissafi daga [[Jami'ar jihar Ekiti|Jami'ar Jihar Ekiti]] a shekarar 2019. &lt;ref name=&quot;Sule&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sule |first=Mariam |date=2022-04-05 |title=I Went From Taking Pictures With My Phone to Making Award Winning Films in Less Than Five Years – Nora |url=https://www.zikoko.com/her/i-went-from-taking-pictures-with-my-phone-to-making-award-winning-films-in-less-than-five-years-nora/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Zikoko! |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A jami'a, ta fara sha'awar daukar hoto kuma ta koyi ɗaukar hotuna da wayarta, inda ta sami wasu ayyukan yi a lokacin da take ɗaliba. Ta fi sha'awar bayar da labarai, ta koma yin fim, ta fara da yin rikodin bidiyo a bayan fage don ayyukan talabijin marasa rubutu, kamar ''Lota Takes'' [[Lota Chukwu|na Lota Chukwu]] . A wannan lokacin, ta kuma koyar da kanta yadda ake gyara abubuwan da ke cikin talabijin, wanda hakan ya ƙarfafa sha'awarta ga aikin yin fim. &lt;ref name=&quot;Sule&quot; /&gt;

== Sana'a ==
A lokacin da ta kammala karatunta daga jami'a a shekarar 2019, Awolowo ta shafe shekaru biyu tana aiki a masana'antar fina-finai. A wannan shekarar, ta kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai nata, Rixel Studios, sannan ta fitar da shirinta na farko mai suna ''Life at the Bay,'' wanda ke bin diddigin rayuwar mata da ke zaune a [[Tarkwa Bay Beach|Tarkwa Bay]] . An nuna gajeren fim ɗin a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Afirka na duniya]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 October 2019 |title=Here's the Full List of Films Selected for AFRIFF 2019 |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/10/heres-the-full-list-of-films-selected-for-afriff-2019/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Native |first=The |date=2019-02-18 |title=See the women of Tarkwa Bay in trailer for new documentary, &quot;Life At The Bay&quot; |url=https://thenativemag.com/see-women-tarkwa-bay-trailer-new-documentary-life-bay/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=The NATIVE |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta kafa wani tsari a cikin aikinta na farko, wanda sau da yawa ya binciki ƙalubalen sirri da na zamantakewa da 'yan Najeriya ke fuskanta, musamman mata. A wannan shekarar ta biyo baya da ''Symphonies,'' wani ɗan gajeren fim mai ba da labari game da wata matashiya wacce rayuwarta ta fara warwarewa a tsakiyar ƙalubalen da ta fuskanta. A shekarar 2021, ta fitar da ''David'', wani fim mai tushen addini game da wani saurayi da ke gab da kashe kansa. Fim ɗin ya ci gaba da lashe kyaututtuka biyu kuma an nuna shi a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya shida. &lt;ref name=&quot;Sule&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DAVID |url=https://filmfreeway.com/DAVIDshortfilm |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 August 2019 |title=Nora Awolowo Releases Teaser For Her Documentary &quot;All Lives Matter&quot; |url=https://stationmag.com/nora-awolowo-releases-teaser-for-her-documentary-all-lives-matter/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210025509/https://stationmag.com/nora-awolowo-releases-teaser-for-her-documentary-all-lives-matter/ |archive-date=10 December 2024 |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=stationmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nasarar Awolowo ta zo ne da ''shirin Baby Blues: The Trials of Childbirth'' (2021), wani shirin gaskiya da ya nuna ƙalubalen da matan Najeriya ke fuskanta wajen haihuwa da kuma baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=6 January 2022 |title=Nora Awolowo holds private screening for Baby Blues: The Trials of Childbirth |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/nora-awolowo-holds-private-screening-for-baby-blues-the-trials-of-childbirth/ |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2023, an zaɓi ''Baby Blues'' don zama Mafi Kyawun Shirin Gaskiya a Gasar African Magic Viewers' Choice Awards, tare da wani fim ɗinta, ''Nigeria: The Debut'' - wani shirin gaskiya da [[FIFA|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya (FIFA)]] ta ba da umarni, wanda ya ci gaba da lashe gasar.

A shekarar 2024, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto tare da Barnabas Emordi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na Netflix, ''[[lisabi: Tashin hankali|Lisabi: The Uprising]] ,'' inda dukkansu suka sami lambar yabo ta Best Cinematographer a bikin [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|bayar da kyaututtuka na Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards]] (AMVCA).

A shekarar 2025, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin furodusa da kuma mai shirya fina-finai a fim ɗin ''&quot;Red Circle&quot;,'' wanda shi ne babban nasarar da ta samu a harkar kasuwanci har zuwa yanzu. Cikin ƙasa da wata guda bayan fitowarsa a watan Yuni, ta haura darajar ₦ miliyan 100 a ofishin talla, wanda hakan ya tabbatar da Awolowo a matsayin ƙaramin mai shirya fina-finai ɗan Najeriya da ya kai wannan matsayi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Henry |first=Uchechukwu |date=2025-07-11 |title=Nora Awolowo Sets Record as Red Circle Hits ₦100M Box Office |url=https://rexclarkeadventures.com/nora-awolowo-red-circle/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Rex Clarke Adventures |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Henry |first=Uchechukwu |date=2025-07-11 |title=Nora Awolowo Sets Record as Red Circle Hits ₦100M Box Office |url=https://rexclarkeadventures.com/nora-awolowo-red-circle/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Rex Clarke Adventures |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bambance-bambance ==
Awolowo ta kasance wanda aka zaɓa sau uku—a cikin shekarar 2020, 2021, da 2023— don The Future Awards Africa a cikin rukunin Kyautar Fina-finai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 November 2020 |title=The Future Awards Africa names 2020 nominees, all under-28 + Full list |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/the-future-awards-africa-names-2020-nominees-all-under-28-full-list/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=theeagleonline.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Future Awards: Rema, DJ Cuppy, Others Nominated (Full List) |url=https://allnews.ng/news/the-future-awards-rema-dj-cuppy-others-nominated-full-list |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=allnews.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-10-03 |title=The Future Awards Africa 2023: All the nominees |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/future-awards-africa-2023-all-nominees |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2025 ta sami kyautar Zikoko's HERtitude don Fim. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Lambobin yabo da nadin mukamai ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Shekara
! Bikin bayar da kyaututtuka
! Bayanin lambar yabo
! Aiki
! Sakamako
! Bayani
|-
| 2020
| Kyautar Gaba ta Afirka
| Kyauta don Fim
||| {{Nom}} 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 November 2020 |title=DJ Cuppy, Tomike Adeoye, Taaooma, Jemima Osunde Nominated For The Future Awards Africa (TFAA) 2020 (See Full List) |url=https://fabwoman.ng/tfaa-2020-nominees-list-fabwoman/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=fabwoman.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2019
| Kyaututtukan Ƙananan Ƙananan Yara 25 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 25
| Mafi kyawun Ma'aikacin Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai da Sadarwa
||| {{Won}} 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 September 2019 |title=Meet The Winners of 2019 25under25 Awards |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/09/25under25-awards-winners/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2023
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyaututtukan Zaɓin Masu Kallon Afirka Magic]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Mafi kyawun Fina-finai
| ''Najeriya: Bukukuwan Farko''|{{Won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Full List: Here are all our AMVCA 9 Nominees |url=https://dstv-fe-africamagic-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/africamagic/en-ng/show/amvca/season/9/news/full-list-here-are-all-our-amvca-9-nominees/news |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=AMVCA - Full List: Here are all our AMVCA 9 Nominees |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Udugba 2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Udugba |first=Anthony |date=2023-05-20 |title=Full list of winners at the 9th AMVCA 2023 |url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/full-list-of-winners-at-the-9th-amvca-2023/ |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=Businessday NG}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''Jaririn Blues''|{{Nom}}
|-
| Kyautar Gaba ta Afirka
| Kyauta don Fim
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; | Kanta|{{Pending}}
| 
|}

== Fim ɗin fim ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
! Lakabi
! Matsayin
|-
| 2019
| ''Rayuwa a Tekun Teku''
| Darakta
|-
| 2019
| ''Simfoni''
| Darakta
|-
| 2021
| ''Dauda''
| Mai daukar fim
|-
| 2021
| ''Jaririn Blues''
| Darakta
|-
| 2022
| ''Tsarin Abubuwa''
| Mai daukar fim
|-
| 2023
| ''Ya ku Maza''
| Mai daukar fim
|-
| 2024
| ''Me Kake Tsoro Da Gaske?''
| Darakta
|-
| 2024
| ''[[lisabi: Tashin hankali|Lisabi]]''
| Mai daukar fim
|-
| 2025
| ''Da'irar Ja''
| Furodusa da Mai Daukar Fina-finai
|-
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://filmfreeway.com/NoraAwolowo17 Nora Awolowo] a FilmFreeway
[[Rukuni:Yarbawa]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Arda Güler</title>
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        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
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{{Infobox football biography|name=Arda Güler|image=|caption=|full_name=Arda Güler|birth_date={{Birth date and age|2005|2|25}}|birth_place=Ankara, Turkey|position=Attacking midfielder / Winger|currentclub=Real Madrid|clubnumber=15|youthyears1=2014–2019|youthclubs1=Gençlerbirliği|youthyears2=2019–2021|youthclubs2=Fenerbahçe|years1=2021–2023|clubs1=Fenerbahçe|caps1=32|goals1=7|years2=2023–|clubs2=Real Madrid|caps2=67|goals2=13|nationalyears1=2021–2022|nationalteam1=Turkey U17|nationalcaps1=10|nationalgoals1=4|nationalyears2=2022–|nationalteam2=Turkey|nationalcaps2=27|nationalgoals2=6}}
[[Fayil:Modric in LIV VS RMA 2024 (cropped) (Arda Guler).jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Arda güler.jpg|thumb|Arda Güler]]
'''Arda Güler''' (an haife shi 25 Fabrairu 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar [[Turkiyya]] wanda yake taka leda a matsayin attacking midfielder ko winger a ƙungiyar Real Madrid da kuma tawagar ƙasar Turkiyya.  An san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun matasan ‘yan wasa a duniya saboda fasaha, hangen wasa, da iya dribbling a fili.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
Arda Güler an haife shi a birnin Ankara, [[Turkiyya]]. Ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami a makarantar matasa ta Gençlerbirliği kafin ya koma tsarin matasa na Fenerbahçe a shekarar 2019, inda ya ci gaba da nuna bajinta da fasahar ƙwallon ƙafa.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan ƙungiya ==

=== Fenerbahçe ===
Güler ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar manya na Fenerbahçe a shekarar 2021. A lokacin, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan da suka fi burgewa a [[Süper Lig|Super Lig]] kuma ya zama ƙaramin mai cin ƙwallo a tarihin ƙungiyar bayan ya zura ƙwallo a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Süper Lig.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Real Madrid ===
A shekarar 2023, Güler ya koma Real Madrid inda ya ci gaba da bunkasa aikinsa a ƙungiyar. Ya taimaka wa [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] wajen lashe gasar La Liga da [[UEFA Champions League]] tun bayan zuwansa, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasa masu ƙirƙirar dama a tawagar.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan ƙasa ==
Güler ya wakilci ƙasar Turkiyya a matakin ƙasa a matakai daban-daban tun U17 kafin ya yiwa manyan ƙungiyar ƙasa fice a cikin 2022. Ya buga gasar [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Euro]] 2024, inda ya taimaka wa tawagar a matakai daban-daban kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasan ƙungiyar a wannan gasa.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon wasa ==
An yi masa kwatankwacin salon wasa da na wasu manyan ‘yan wasa saboda fasaharsa wajen [[dribbling]], hangen wasa, ƙwarewa wajen rarraba kwallo, da tunani mai sauri a fili. Güler yana da cikakken iko kan kwallo kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayi daban-daban na gaba da tsakiyar fili.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==

=== Real Madrid ===

* [[La Liga]]: 2023–24
* [[UEFA Champions League]]: 2023–24
* [[Supercopa de España]]: 2024
* [[UEFA Super Cup]]: 2024
* [[FIFA Club World Cup]]: 2024&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fenerbahçe ===

* [[Turkish Cup]]: 2022–23&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[Fayil:Arda güler.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Arda Güler]]
[[category:Haifaffun 2005]]
[[category:Rayayyun Mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ndave David Njoku</title>
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'''David Njoku''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a matsayin '''Ndave David Njoku''' ) ƙwararren mai shirya fina-finai ne na Najeriya, manajan shirya fina-finai a masana'antar [[Nollywood]] .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=friendite talks with Ndave David |url=https://talks.friendite.com/meet-ndave-david-njoku-nollywood-filmmaker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827011445/https://talks.friendite.com/meet-ndave-david-njoku-nollywood-filmmaker/ |archive-date=2016-08-27 |access-date=2016-06-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://ndavedavid.com/ndave/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922184404/http://ndavedavid.com/ndave/ |archive-date=2016-09-22 |access-date=2016-07-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
Ndave ya fito ne daga Ukelefi a ƙaramar hukumar [[Nkanu ta Gabas]] ta [[Enugu (jiha)|jihar Enugu]] amma an haife shi kuma an haife shi a [[Abraka]], [[Delta (jiha)|jihar Delta]], [[Najeriya]] . Shi ne ɗa na ƙarshe daga cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya bakwai kuma ya girma ba tare da uba ba saboda rasuwarsa a lokacin yana ɗan shekara 14 kacal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nollywood Filmmaker, NDave David Njoku concludes a new movie ... |url=https://gossip.friendite.com/nollywood-filmmaker-ndave-david-njoku-concludes-a-new-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827011548/https://gossip.friendite.com/nollywood-filmmaker-ndave-david-njoku-concludes-a-new-movie/ |archive-date=2016-08-27 |access-date=2016-06-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://ndavedavid.com/ndave/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922184404/http://ndavedavid.com/ndave/ |archive-date=2016-09-22 |access-date=2016-07-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Ndave ya yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Abraka . Ya kuma kammala karatunsa na farko a [[Jami'ar Jihar Delta]] (DELSU). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=talksfriendite.com/tag/ndave-david-njoku/ |url=http://talksfriendite.com/tag/ndave-david-njoku/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910050940/http://talksfriendite.com/tag/ndave-david-njoku/ |archive-date=2016-09-10 |access-date=2016-06-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
An fara gwajin Ndave a shekarar 2004 a ƙarƙashin kulawar Mr. Perfect, wanda ya burge shi ya kuma gaya masa cewa ba shi da makoma a fagen fina-finai. Washegari ya koma wurin gwajin fina-finan ya ɗauki wani ɓangare daga rubutunsu. Ya kuma yi amfani da rubutun don gyara wani labari a kansa sannan ya rubuta rubutun shafi 4. Ya ɗauki rubutun zuwa Cocin Katolika na St. Paul, [[Jami'ar Jihar Delta]] kuma ya tafi yawon shakatawa tare da ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo. Daga nan mutane suka fara ƙarfafa shi ya shiga duniyar fina-finai.  Ayyukansa na sha'awa su ne yin bincike da kuma yin wasanni. Daraktocin da Ndave ya fi so su ne Mista Ifeanyi Ikenyi (Mr. Hollywood) da Mista Chris Nkem Okafor wanda aka fi sani da ChrisNX. Fitaccen mai shirya fina-finansa na ƙasashen waje shi ne Steven Spielberg .

Ya kuma yi aiki tare da Sarauniya Collete Nwadike Exquisite Face of Universe.

== Sana'a ==
Fim ɗinsa na farko shine ''Smack Down'', inda ya fito tare da jaruman da suka yi fice kamar [[Van Vicker]], [[Chiwetalu Agu]] da [[Uche Jombo]] . Daga nan ya shirya wani ɗan gajeren fim mai suna ''The War Lord'' da kuma shekarar 2008, Ndave ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni tare kuma ya kasance babban furodusa tare da Oshilim Gabriel da Oshilim Anthony, wani fim mai suna ''Wicked Conscience'', wanda [[Chiwetalu Agu]], John Paul, [[Uche Elendu]], da Emmanuel Ahummadu wanda aka fi sani da Labista suka fito a ciki. Fim ɗin bai yi kyau ba, kuma ya yi hutun shekaru huɗu. A shekarar 2012, Ndave ya fara aiki tun daga farko a matsayin manajan wuri a [[Awka]], [[Anambra|jihar Anambra]] . Shekara guda bayan haka ya haɗa da manajan wuri da kuma manajan shirya fina-finai. Daga nan ya sake shiga aikin shirya fina-finai kuma ya yi fina-finai kamar haka:

* Kwalba da ta fashe
* JohnPaul da Rebecca
* Ƙaramin Calabash
* Yarinyar plantain
* Marufin Getto
* Oh Kuɗin Jini
* Baƙin cikin Nene
* Hawayen Nene ''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nollywood Filmmaker, NDave David Njoku concludes a new movie &amp;#124; FriendITEgossip |url=http://frienditegossip.com/nollywood-filmmaker-ndave-david-njoku-concludes-a-new-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918052209/http://frienditegossip.com/nollywood-filmmaker-ndave-david-njoku-concludes-a-new-movie/ |archive-date=2016-09-18 |access-date=2016-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;''

A shekarar 2015, Ndave David Njoku ya shirya fim ɗin sinima na farko mai farin jini a yankin Gabas, ''The Last Kidnap'' . Kas-Vid International ce ta shirya fim ɗin, kuma Ifeanyi Ikpeonyi wanda aka fi sani da Mr. Hollywood ne ya shirya shi. A wannan shekarar ta 2016, Ndave ya sami damar ɗaukar fim ɗinsa na farko a sinima mai suna ''The Inhaler'' by CD Initiative Films. Ya kuma haɗa kai da shirya wani fim mai suna ''Polygamous Family'' wanda [[Pete Edochie]], Remi Ohajianya, da Imet Goodluck, wanda aka fi sani da mutum mafi tsayi, suka shirya shi. OG Best International ce ta shirya fim ɗin. Ya kuma kammala wani sabon fim wanda [[Nkem Owoh]], Tana Adelena Egbo, da sauransu suka fito a ciki, don Amaco Investment, sannan ya kammala wani aikin fim na Dekross Productions, sannan ya yi aiki tare da [[Kingsley Onyenma]] . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Ya yi aiki da 'Yan wasan Fina-finai daban-daban, 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo, Masu samfura da sauran masana'antar nishaɗi.    &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MEET NDAVE DAVID NJOKU, NOLLYWOOD FILMMAKER ...Nollywood Filmmaker, NDave David Njoku concludes a new movie ... |url=https://talks.friendite.com/meet-ndave-david-njoku-nollywood-filmmaker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827011445/https://talks.friendite.com/meet-ndave-david-njoku-nollywood-filmmaker/ |archive-date=2016-08-27 |access-date=2016-06-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=永旺快投网-优惠大厅 |url=http://talksfriendite.com/tag/ndave-david-njoku/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910050940/http://talksfriendite.com/tag/ndave-david-njoku/ |archive-date=2016-09-10 |access-date=2016-06-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://www.ndavedavid.com/ Ndave David Njoku]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} official website.
* [https://www.facebook.com/ndaved/ Ndave David Njoku] a [[Fezbuk|shafin Facebook]]
* [https://twitter.com/ndavedavid/ Ndave David Njoku a shafinsa] na [[Twitter]]
* [http://instagram.com/ndavedavid/ Ndave David Njoku] na [[Instagram|Instagramu]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:CS1 maint: archived copy as title]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Akata Eko</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Amgero</username>
        <id>44522</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Gyara rubutu</comment>
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[[Fayil:Government School Ikot Obio Eka, Southern Iman, Etinan LGA.jpg|thumb]]
'''Ikot Ekot''' wani ƙauye ne da ke cikin ƙaramar hukumar [[Etinan]] [[Akwa Ibom|jihar Akwa Ibom]] sitet cikin Najeriya.
{{Stub}}

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ka'idojin rubutun hausa</title>
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      <id>828924</id>
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      <comment>/* Ka'idojin rubutun hausa */</comment>
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{{Stub}} 
== Ƙa'idojin rubutun hausa ==
Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ƙa'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga  ba daidai ba..
Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa==
Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba
. Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa.

== Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa ==
Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka:

#Alamomin ajiye magana;
#Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma;
#Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa;
#Gajera da doguwar mallaka;
#Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w';
#Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n';

=='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== 
Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki:
* '''Aya / . /
* '''Wakafi / . /
* '''Ayar tambaya / ? /
* '''Ruwa-biyu / : /
* '''Wakafi m mai ruwa / ; /
* '''Karan-dori / - /
* '''Alamar zancen wani / &quot; &quot; /
* '''Baka-biyu / ( ) /
* '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! /
* '''Zarce / ... /

1.1 '''Aya / . /'''
Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta  cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali:

'''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.'''
idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan.

1.2== Wakafi/ , / ==
Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali:

*'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.'''
To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: 
*'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.'''
A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe.

1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / ==
Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali:
* Aliyu ya zo?, 
* menene ake sayarwa?
Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga
an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. 
Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba:

Aliyu ya zo

A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri.

1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/==
Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal:
# '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida)
# missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )'''

sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita
* idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:'''

* Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi;
* Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa;
* Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. 

A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.

==1.1 Aya / . /==
Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta  cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali:

'''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.'''
idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan.

==1.2 Wakafi/ , / ==
Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali:

*'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.'''
To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: 
*'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.'''
A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe.

1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / ==
Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali:
* Aliyu ya zo?, 
* menene ake sayarwa?
Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga
an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. 
Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba:

Aliyu ya zo

A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri.

==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/==
Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal:
# '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida)
# missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )'''

sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita
* idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:'''

* Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi;
* Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa;
* Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. 

A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.

==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / ==

wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. 
Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.  A nan za a ga an sa
Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. 
Ga Karin missali:
* Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan:
# littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar;
# littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar;
# littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar;
# littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar.
A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./

==1.6 Karan-dori / - /==
Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin  saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali:
# malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo);
# fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran);
# fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba);
# malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss.
A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi)  za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum.
# Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa.

==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /==
Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka:
* Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce)
* Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron.
* # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci).

==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /==
Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli:
* Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!'''
* A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru.
* Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu  dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!'''

Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''.
Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba.

==1.9 Zarce / ... /==
Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali:
# '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya'''
# Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali:
* '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka.

=='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''==
Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka:

==2.1 Raba Kalma==
raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali:

* Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine)
* Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace)
* Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?)
* Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba)
* Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai)

A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa.

A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne.

==2.2 Hade Kalma== 
hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance.

Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya)

=='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''==

Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka:
*'''Shasshka,'''    kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,,
*'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara'''
*'''fyaffyade,'''   kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade'''
*'''gwggwale,'''    kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale'''
*'''gyaggyara,'''   kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara'''
*'''kwakkwafe,'''   kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe'''
*'''kyakkyawa,'''   kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa'''
*'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala'''

=='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''==
Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci.
Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka.

===4.1 Gajerar mallaka===
Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka a guri daya.

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{{Stub}} 
== Ƙa'idojin rubutun hausa ==
Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ƙa'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga  ba daidai ba..
Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa==
Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba
. Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa.

== Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa ==
Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka:

#Alamomin ajiye magana;
#Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma;
#Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa;
#Gajera da doguwar mallaka;
#Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w';
#Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n';

=='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== 
Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki:
* '''Aya / . /
* '''Waƙafi / . /
* '''Ayar tambaya / ? /
* '''Ruwa-biyu / : /
* '''Waƙafi m mai ruwa / ; /
* '''Karan-ɗori / - /
* '''Alamar zancen wani / &quot; &quot; /
* '''Baka-biyu / ( ) /
* '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! /
* '''Zarce / ... /

1.1 '''Aya / . /'''
Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta  cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali:

'''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.'''
idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan.

1.2== Wakafi/ , / ==
Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali:

*'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.'''
To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: 
*'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.'''
A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe.

1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / ==
Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali:
* Aliyu ya zo?, 
* menene ake sayarwa?
Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga
an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. 
Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba:

Aliyu ya zo

A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri.

1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/==
Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal:
# '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida)
# missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )'''

sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita
* idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:'''

* Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi;
* Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa;
* Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. 

A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.

==1.1 Aya / . /==
Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta  cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali:

'''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.'''
idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan.

==1.2 Wakafi/ , / ==
Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali:

*'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.'''
To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: 
*'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.'''
A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe.

1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / ==
Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali:
* Aliyu ya zo?, 
* menene ake sayarwa?
Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga
an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. 
Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba:

Aliyu ya zo

A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri.

==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/==
Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal:
# '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida)
# missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )'''

sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita
* idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:'''

* Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi;
* Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa;
* Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. 

A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.

==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / ==

wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. 
Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.  A nan za a ga an sa
Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. 
Ga Karin missali:
* Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan:
# littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar;
# littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar;
# littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar;
# littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar.
A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./

==1.6 Karan-dori / - /==
Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin  saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali:
# malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo);
# fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran);
# fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba);
# malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss.
A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi)  za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum.
# Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa.

==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /==
Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka:
* Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce)
* Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron.
* # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci).

==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /==
Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli:
* Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!'''
* A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru.
* Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu  dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!'''

Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''.
Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba.

==1.9 Zarce / ... /==
Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali:
# '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya'''
# Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali:
* '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka.

=='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''==
Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka:

==2.1 Raba Kalma==
raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali:

* Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine)
* Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace)
* Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?)
* Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba)
* Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai)

A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa.

A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne.

==2.2 Hade Kalma== 
hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance.

Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya)

=='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''==

Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka:
*'''Shasshka,'''    kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,,
*'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara'''
*'''fyaffyade,'''   kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade'''
*'''gwggwale,'''    kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale'''
*'''gyaggyara,'''   kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara'''
*'''kwakkwafe,'''   kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe'''
*'''kyakkyawa,'''   kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa'''
*'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala'''

=='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''==
Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci.
Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka.

===4.1 Gajerar mallaka===
Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka a guri daya.

== Manazararta==</text>
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{{Stub}} 
== Ƙa'idojin rubutun hausa ==
Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ƙa'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga  ba daidai ba..
Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa==
Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba
. Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa.

== Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa ==
Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka:

#Alamomin ajiye magana;
#Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma;
#Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa;
#Gajera da doguwar mallaka;
#Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w';
#Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n';

=='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== 
Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki:
* '''Aya / . /
* '''Waƙafi / . /
* '''Ayar tambaya / ? /
* '''Ruwa-biyu / : /
* '''Waƙafi m mai ruwa / ; /
* '''Karan-ɗori / - /
* '''Alamar zancen wani / &quot; &quot; /
* '''Baka-biyu / ( ) /
* '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! /
* '''Zarce / ... /

1.1 '''Aya / . /'''
Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta  cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali:

'''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.'''
idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan.

1.2== Wakafi/ , / ==
Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali:

*'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.'''
To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: 
*'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.'''
A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe.

1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / ==
Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali:
* Aliyu ya zo?, 
* menene ake sayarwa?
Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga
an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. 
Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba:

Aliyu ya zo

A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri.

1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/==
Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal:
# '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida)
# missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )'''

sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita
* idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:'''

* Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi;
* Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa;
* Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. 

A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.

==1.1 Aya / . /==
Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta  cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali:

'''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.'''
idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan.

==1.2 Wakafi/ , / ==
Waƙafi, wata ƙarmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali:

*'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.'''
To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: 
*'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.'''
A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe.

1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / ==
Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali:
* Aliyu ya zo?, 
* menene ake sayarwa?
Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga
an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. 
Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba:

Aliyu ya zo

A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri.

==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/==
Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal:
# '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida)
# missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )'''

sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita
* idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:'''

* Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi;
* Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa;
* Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. 

A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.

==1.5 Wakafi mai ruwa / ; / ==

wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. 
Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.  A nan za a ga an sa
Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. 
Ga Karin missali:
* Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan:
# littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar;
# littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar;
# littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar;
# littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar.
A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./

==1.6 Karan-dori / - /==
Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin  saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali:
# malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo);
# fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran);
# fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba);
# malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss.
A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi)  za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum.
# Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa.

==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /==
Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka:
* Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce)
* Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron.
* # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci).

==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /==
Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli:
* Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!'''
* A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru.
* Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu  dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!'''

Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''.
Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba.

==1.9 Zarce / ... /==
Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali:
# '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya'''
# Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali:
* '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka.

=='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''==
Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka:

==2.1 Raba Kalma==
raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali:

* Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine)
* Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace)
* Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?)
* Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba)
* Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai)

A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa.

A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne.

==2.2 Hade Kalma== 
hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance.

Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya)

=='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''==

Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka:
*'''Shasshka,'''    kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,,
*'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara'''
*'''fyaffyade,'''   kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade'''
*'''gwggwale,'''    kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale'''
*'''gyaggyara,'''   kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara'''
*'''kwakkwafe,'''   kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe'''
*'''kyakkyawa,'''   kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa'''
*'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala'''

=='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''==
Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci.
Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka.

===4.1 Gajerar mallaka===
Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka a guri daya.

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{{Stub}} 
== Ƙa'idojin rubutun hausa ==
Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ƙa'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga  ba daidai ba..
Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa==
Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba
. Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa.

== Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa ==
Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka:

#Alamomin ajiye magana;
#Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma;
#Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa;
#Gajera da doguwar mallaka;
#Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w';
#Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n';

=='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== 
Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki:
* '''Aya / . /
* '''Waƙafi / . /
* '''Ayar tambaya / ? /
* '''Ruwa-biyu / : /
* '''Waƙafi m mai ruwa / ; /
* '''Karan-ɗori / - /
* '''Alamar zancen wani / &quot; &quot; /
* '''Baka-biyu / ( ) /
* '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! /
* '''Zarce / ... /

1.1 '''Aya / . /'''
Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta  cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali:

'''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.'''
idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan.

1.2== Wakafi/ , / ==
Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali:

*'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.'''
To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: 
*'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.'''
A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe.

1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / ==
Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali:
* Aliyu ya zo?, 
* menene ake sayarwa?
Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga
an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. 
Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba:

Aliyu ya zo

A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri.

1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/==
Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal:
# '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida)
# missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )'''

sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita
* idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:'''

* Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi;
* Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa;
* Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. 

A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.

==1.1 Aya / . /==
Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta  cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali:

'''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.'''
idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan.

==1.2 Wakafi/ , / ==
Waƙafi, wata ƙarmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali:

*'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.'''
To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: 
*'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.'''
A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe.

1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / ==
Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali:
* Aliyu ya zo?, 
* menene ake sayarwa?
Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga
an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. 
Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba:

Aliyu ya zo

A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri.

==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/==
Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal:
# '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida)
# missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )'''

sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita
* idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:'''

* Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi;
* Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa;
* Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. 

A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.

==1.5 Waƙafi mai ruwa / ; / ==

wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. 
Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.  A nan za a ga an sa
Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. 
Ga Karin missali:
* Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan:
# littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar;
# littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar;
# littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar;
# littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar.
A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./

==1.6 Karan-dori / - /==
Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin  saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali:
# malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo);
# fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran);
# fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba);
# malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss.
A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi)  za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum.
# Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa.

==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /==
Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka:
* Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce)
* Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron.
* # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci).

==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /==
Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli:
* Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!'''
* A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru.
* Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu  dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!'''

Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''.
Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba.

==1.9 Zarce / ... /==
Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali:
# '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya'''
# Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali:
* '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka.

=='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''==
Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka:

==2.1 Raba Kalma==
raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali:

* Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine)
* Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace)
* Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?)
* Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba)
* Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai)

A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa.

A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne.

==2.2 Hade Kalma== 
hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance.

Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya)

=='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''==

Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka:
*'''Shasshka,'''    kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,,
*'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara'''
*'''fyaffyade,'''   kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade'''
*'''gwggwale,'''    kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale'''
*'''gyaggyara,'''   kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara'''
*'''kwakkwafe,'''   kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe'''
*'''kyakkyawa,'''   kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa'''
*'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala'''

=='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''==
Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci.
Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka.

===4.1 Gajerar mallaka===
Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka a guri daya.

== Manazararta==</text>
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        <id>15906</id>
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{{Stub}} 
== Ƙa'idojin rubutun hausa ==
Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ƙa'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga  ba daidai ba..
Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa==
Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba
. Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa.

== Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa ==
Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka:

#Alamomin ajiye magana;
#Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma;
#Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa;
#Gajera da doguwar mallaka;
#Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w';
#Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n';

=='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== 
Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki:
* '''Aya / . /
* '''Waƙafi / . /
* '''Ayar tambaya / ? /
* '''Ruwa-biyu / : /
* '''Waƙafi m mai ruwa / ; /
* '''Karan-ɗori / - /
* '''Alamar zancen wani / &quot; &quot; /
* '''Baka-biyu / ( ) /
* '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! /
* '''Zarce / ... /

1.1 '''Aya / . /'''
Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta  cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali:

'''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.'''
idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan.

1.2== Wakafi/ , / ==
Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali:

*'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.'''
To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: 
*'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.'''
A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe.

1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / ==
Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali:
* Aliyu ya zo?, 
* menene ake sayarwa?
Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga
an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. 
Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba:

Aliyu ya zo

A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri.

1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/==
Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal:
# '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida)
# missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )'''

sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita
* idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:'''

* Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi;
* Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa;
* Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. 

A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.

==1.1 Aya / . /==
Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta  cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali:

'''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.'''
idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan.

==1.2 Wakafi/ , / ==
Waƙafi, wata ƙarmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali:

*'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.'''
To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: 
*'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.'''
A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe.

1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / ==
Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali:
* Aliyu ya zo?, 
* menene ake sayarwa?
Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga
an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. 
Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba:

Aliyu ya zo

A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri.

==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/==
Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal:
# '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida)
# missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )'''

sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita
* idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:'''

* Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi;
* Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa;
* Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. 

A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.

==1.5 Waƙafi mai ruwa / ; / ==

wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. 
Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.  A nan za a ga an sa
Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. 
Ga Karin missali:
* Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan:
# littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar;
# littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar;
# littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar;
# littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar.
A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./

==1.6 Karan-ɗori / - /==
Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin  saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali:
# malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo);
# fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran);
# fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba);
# malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss.
A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi)  za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum.
# Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa.

==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /==
Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka:
* Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce)
* Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron.
* # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci).

==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /==
Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli:
* Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!'''
* A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru.
* Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu  dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!'''

Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''.
Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba.

==1.9 Zarce / ... /==
Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali:
# '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya'''
# Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali:
* '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka.

=='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''==
Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka:

==2.1 Raba Kalma==
raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali:

* Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine)
* Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace)
* Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?)
* Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba)
* Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai)

A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa.

A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne.

==2.2 Hade Kalma== 
hade kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance.

Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya)

=='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''==

Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka:
*'''Shasshka,'''    kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,,
*'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara'''
*'''fyaffyade,'''   kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade'''
*'''gwggwale,'''    kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale'''
*'''gyaggyara,'''   kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara'''
*'''kwakkwafe,'''   kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe'''
*'''kyakkyawa,'''   kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa'''
*'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala'''

=='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''==
Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci.
Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka.

===4.1 Gajerar mallaka===
Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka a guri daya.

== Manazararta==</text>
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{{Stub}} 
== Ƙa'idojin rubutun hausa ==
Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ƙa'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga  ba daidai ba..
Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa==
Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba
. Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa.

== Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa ==
Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka:

#Alamomin ajiye magana;
#Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma;
#Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa;
#Gajera da doguwar mallaka;
#Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w';
#Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n';

=='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== 
Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki:
* '''Aya / . /
* '''Waƙafi / . /
* '''Ayar tambaya / ? /
* '''Ruwa-biyu / : /
* '''Waƙafi m mai ruwa / ; /
* '''Karan-ɗori / - /
* '''Alamar zancen wani / &quot; &quot; /
* '''Baka-biyu / ( ) /
* '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! /
* '''Zarce / ... /

1.1 '''Aya / . /'''
Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta  cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali:

'''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.'''
idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan.

1.2== Wakafi/ , / ==
Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali:

*'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.'''
To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: 
*'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.'''
A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe.

1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / ==
Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali:
* Aliyu ya zo?, 
* menene ake sayarwa?
Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga
an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. 
Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba:

Aliyu ya zo

A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri.

1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/==
Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal:
# '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida)
# missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )'''

sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita
* idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:'''

* Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi;
* Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa;
* Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. 

A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.

==1.1 Aya / . /==
Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta  cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali:

'''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.'''
idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan.

==1.2 Wakafi/ , / ==
Waƙafi, wata ƙarmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali:

*'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.'''
To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: 
*'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.'''
A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe.

1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / ==
Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali:
* Aliyu ya zo?, 
* menene ake sayarwa?
Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga
an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. 
Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba:

Aliyu ya zo

A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri.

==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/==
Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal:
# '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida)
# missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )'''

sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita
* idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:'''

* Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi;
* Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa;
* Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. 

A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.

==1.5 Waƙafi mai ruwa / ; / ==

wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. 
Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.  A nan za a ga an sa
Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. 
Ga Karin missali:
* Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan:
# littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar;
# littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar;
# littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar;
# littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar.
A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./

==1.6 Karan-ɗori / - /==
Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin  saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali:
# malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo);
# fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran);
# fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba);
# malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss.
A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi)  za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum.
# Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa.

==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /==
Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka:
* Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce)
* Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron.
* # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci).

==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /==
Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli:
* Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!'''
* A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru.
* Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu  dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!'''

Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''.
Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba.

==1.9 Zarce / ... /==
Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali:
# '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya'''
# Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali:
* '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka.

=='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''==
Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka:

==2.1 Raba Kalma==
raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali:

* Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine)
* Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace)
* Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?)
* Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba)
* Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai)

A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa.

A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne.

==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance.

Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya)

=='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Bakaken Hausa'''==

Shaddatu ko Shadda na nufin dauri da da ake yi acikin zance ko rubun Hausa. Amma dai a nan mun ta'allaka ne, game da daurin da ya shafi Tagwayen Bakake. Tagwayen Bakaken na Hausa sun hada da: '''sh, fy, gw, gy, kw, ky, ts, da''' sauransu. A yanzu za duba yadda ake so a rubuta daurinsu a cikin jimloli bisa ka'idar rubtun Hausa. Ga su kamar haka:
*'''Shasshka,'''    kar a rubuta: '''shashshaka,,,
*'''mashasshara,''' kar a rubuta: '''mashashshara'''
*'''fyaffyade,'''   kar a rubuta: '''fyafyfyade'''
*'''gwggwale,'''    kar a rubuta: '''gwgwgwale'''
*'''gyaggyara,'''   kar a rubuta: '''gyagygyara'''
*'''kwakkwafe,'''   kar a rubuta: '''kwakwkwafe'''
*'''kyakkyawa,'''   kar a rubuta: '''kyakykyawa'''
*'''tsattsewala,''' kar a rubuta: '''tsatstsewala'''

=='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''==
Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci.
Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka.

===4.1 Gajerar mallaka===
Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka a guri daya.

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{{Stub}} 
== Ƙa'idojin rubutun hausa ==
Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ƙa'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga  ba daidai ba..
Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa==
Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba
. Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa.

== Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa ==
Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka:

#Alamomin ajiye magana;
#Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma;
#Shaddatun Tagwayen bakaken Hausa;
#Gajera da doguwar mallaka;
#Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w';
#Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n';

=='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== 
Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki:
* '''Aya / . /
* '''Waƙafi / . /
* '''Ayar tambaya / ? /
* '''Ruwa-biyu / : /
* '''Waƙafi m mai ruwa / ; /
* '''Karan-ɗori / - /
* '''Alamar zancen wani / &quot; &quot; /
* '''Baka-biyu / ( ) /
* '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! /
* '''Zarce / ... /

1.1 '''Aya / . /'''
Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta  cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali:

'''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.'''
idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan.

1.2== Wakafi/ , / ==
Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali:

*'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.'''
To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: 
*'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.'''
A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe.

1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / ==
Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali:
* Aliyu ya zo?, 
* menene ake sayarwa?
Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga
an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. 
Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba:

Aliyu ya zo

A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri.

1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/==
Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal:
# '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida)
# missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )'''

sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita
* idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:'''

* Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi;
* Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa;
* Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. 

A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.

==1.1 Aya / . /==
Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta  cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali:

'''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.'''
idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan.

==1.2 Wakafi/ , / ==
Waƙafi, wata ƙarmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali:

*'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.'''
To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: 
*'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.'''
A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe.

1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / ==
Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali:
* Aliyu ya zo?, 
* menene ake sayarwa?
Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga
an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. 
Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba:

Aliyu ya zo

A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri.

==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/==
Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal:
# '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida)
# missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )'''

sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita
* idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:'''

* Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi;
* Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa;
* Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. 

A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.

==1.5 Waƙafi mai ruwa / ; / ==

wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. 
Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana.  A nan za a ga an sa
Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. 
Ga Karin missali:
* Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan:
# littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar;
# littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar;
# littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar;
# littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar.
A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./

==1.6 Karan-ɗori / - /==
Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin  saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali:
# malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo);
# fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran);
# fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba);
# malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss.
A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi)  za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum.
# Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa.

==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /==
Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka:
* Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce)
* Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron.
* # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci).

==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /==
Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli:
* Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!'''
* A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru.
* Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu  dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!'''

Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''.
Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba.

==1.9 Zarce / ... /==
Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali:
# '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya'''
# Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali:
* '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka.

=='''2.0 Rabawa Da Hada Kalma'''==
Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka:

==2.1 Raba Kalma==
raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali:

* Shi ne, (kar a ce: ba shine)
* Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace)
* Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?)
* Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba)
* Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce;Dani daku mu hadakai)

A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa.

A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne.

==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance.

Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya)

==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance.

Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya)

=='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''==
Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci.
Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka.

===4.1 Gajerar mallaka===
Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka a guri daya.

== Manazararta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mutinta Hichilema</title>
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'''Mutinta Hichilema''' ita ce [[Uwargidan Shugaban Kasar Zambiya]] na yanzu (2021), bayan da ta ɗauki muƙamin bayan mijinta, [[Hakainde Hichilema]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-01-31|title=Meet the woman behind UPND leader HH's success, Mrs Mutinta Hichilema|url=https://zambianews365.com/meet-the-woman-behind-upnd-leader-hhs-success-mrs-mutinta-hichilema/|access-date=2021-08-17|website=ZambiaNews365.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817063608/https://zambianews365.com/meet-the-woman-behind-upnd-leader-hhs-success-mrs-mutinta-hichilema/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin Shugaban [[Zambiya]] a watan Agusta 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sustain women status conversations beyond March 8 – Mutinta Hichilema – The Mast Online|url=https://www.themastonline.com/2021/03/11/sustain-women-status-conversations-beyond-march-8-mutinta-hichilema/|access-date=2021-08-17|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta himmatu ga ayyukan jin kai da kuma shigar da take yi a shirye-shiryen ci gaban al'umma a faɗin ƙasar [[Zambiya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=3 May 2017|title=Mutinta Hichilema living in fear|url=https://www.zambiawatchdog.com/mutinta-hichilema-living-in-fear/|access-date=17 August 2021|website=zambiawatchdog.com|archive-date=12 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912115823/https://www.zambiawatchdog.com/mutinta-hichilema-living-in-fear/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mutinta Hichilema: The Wife Of Zambian President, Hakainde Hichilema ( Biography, Age, Education, Date of Birth, First Lady ) - 2021» GhLinks.com.gh™|url=https://www.ghlinks.com.gh/mutinta-hichilema-biography/|access-date=2021-08-17|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Rayuwa ==
[[File:Mutinta_Hichilema.png|240px|left|thumbnail|Mutinta Hichilema]]
An haifi Hichilema a [[Gundumar Shibuyunji|Shibuyunji]].
[[Fayil:Mrs Mutinta Hichilema.jpg|thumb|Mutinta Hichilema]]
[[Fayil:Mutinta Hichilema (cropped).jpg|thumb|Mutinta Hichilema]]
[[Fayil:Mutinta Hichilema at the 13th National Assembly 01.jpg|thumb|Mutinta Hichilema]]
Hichilema memba ce mai ibada a Cocin [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2022/10/31/church-key-in-forging-unity-first-lady/|title=Church key in forging unity - First Lady|date=2022-10-31|website=[[Lusaka Times]]|access-date=2023-06-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga juriya na addini da haɗin kai tsakanin addinai a Zambia. Ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali ne kan inganta haɗin kai da fahimtar juna a tsakanin mabiya addinai daban-daban, kuma ta shiga cikin shirye-shirye da dama don inganta haɗin gwiwar zamantakewa da ci gaban ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://lusakatimes.com/2021/10/22/passionate-plea-to-first-lady-mrs-mutinta-hichilema-youre-better-off-with-dorcas-women/|title=Passionate plea to First Lady Mrs. Mutinta Hichilema; you're better of with Dorcas women!|date=2021-10-22|website=Lusakatimes.com|access-date=2022-03-11|archive-date=2021-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022034403/https://lusakatimes.com/2021/10/22/passionate-plea-to-first-lady-mrs-mutinta-hichilema-youre-better-off-with-dorcas-women/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Haihuwan 1967]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>User:Baban Asiya</title>
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      <text bytes="447" sha1="eazf1l59j9wwq1s4l6gdgnwpvez8a7t" xml:space="preserve">  Sunana Auwalu Babangida Gwanki (Baban Asiya). Ina zaune a nan jNajeriya. Sannan Matakin Karatuna a yanzu shi ne,Digiri akan harshen Hausa gami da Dabarun koyarwa. Wato, BA (ed) Hausa. Haka kuma, na koyar da harshen na Hausa makarantun Primary, Secondary da kuma matakin NCE.
  Hakka kuma, ina daya daga cikin masu ba wa Wikipedia Hausa gudunmawa tun daga waje. Watau, tun kafin na yi Rijista da wanan kafa ta Wikipedia da kuma bayan yin rijisar.</text>
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      <id>828823</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-02T16:20:54Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="446" sha1="035kjf1la19ekwdopcx1tut2hegn2o9" xml:space="preserve">  Sunana Auwalu Babangida Gwanki (Baban Asiya). Ina zaune a nan Najeriya. Sannan Matakin Karatuna a yanzu shi ne,Digiri akan harshen Hausa gami da Dabarun koyarwa. Wato, BA (ed) Hausa. Haka kuma, na koyar da harshen na Hausa makarantun Primary, Secondary da kuma matakin NCE.
  Hakka kuma, ina daya daga cikin masu ba wa Wikipedia Hausa gudunmawa tun daga waje. Watau, tun kafin na yi Rijista da wanan kafa ta Wikipedia da kuma bayan yin rijisar.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nathalie de Vries</title>
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'''Nathalie de Vries''' (an haife ta cikin shekara ta 1965 a Appingedam ) yar asalin ƙasar Holland ce, malama kuma yar birni. A cikin shekarar 1993 tare da Winy Maas da Yakubu van Rijs ta kafa MVRDV.

== MVRDV ==
[[File:Great_Work_The_Ceiling_Of_The_Market_Hall_In_Rotterdam_(189846175).jpeg|thumb| Babban Aiki Rufaffiyar Zauren Kasuwa A Rotterdam wanda de Vries ya kasance mai tsarawa]]
cikin shekara  1993, tare da Winy Maas da Yakubu van Rijs, ta kafa ɗakin studio na MVRDV (acronym na baƙaƙe da sunayen masu kafa uku), wadda ke samar da zane-zane da karatu a fannonin gine-gine, da nazarin birane da zane-zane. 

== Labarai ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110614115722/http://www.010.nl/catalogue/book.php?id=587 FARMAX (Mawallafa 010, Rotterdam, 1999)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110614115139/http://www.010.nl/catalogue/book.php?id=371 Metacity/Datatown (Mawallafa 010, Rotterdam, 1999)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080512032322/http://www.naipublishers.nl/architectuur/mvrdvreading_nl.html Karatun MVRDV (Mawallafin NAi, Rotterdam, 2003)]
* [http://www.actar.com/index.php?option=com_dbquery&amp;task=ExecuteQuery&amp;qid=2&amp;idllibre=3579&amp;lang=en Spacefighter Wasan birni na juyin halitta (Actar, Barcelona, 2005)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221120239/http://www.actar.com/index.php?option=com_dbquery&amp;task=ExecuteQuery&amp;qid=2&amp;idllibre=3579&amp;lang=en |date=2013-12-21 }}
* [http://www.actar.com/index.php?option=com_dbquery&amp;task=ExecuteQuery&amp;qid=2&amp;idllibre=3264&amp;lang=en YANZU-YANZU KM3 AKAN ABINDA AKE GUDU (Actar, Barcelona, 2006)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123101431/http://www.actar.com/index.php?option=com_dbquery&amp;task=ExecuteQuery&amp;qid=2&amp;idllibre=3264&amp;lang=en |date=2009-11-23 }}

== Magana ==

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1965]]</text>
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    <title>Olubayi Olubayi</title>
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[[Fayil:Olubayi.jpg|thumb|olubayi]]
[[Fayil:Olubayi Olubayi.jpg|thumb|Olubayi ]]
Farfesa '''Olubayi Olubayi''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga  watan Nuwamba 1960) a [[Kenya]], ya tashi a Kenya kuma ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Rutgers da ke Amurka. Shi ne Babban Jami'in Ilimi a Ma'arifa Education,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.maarifaeducation.com/index.php/team|publisher=Maarifa Education|title=Team}}&lt;/ref&gt;   ya kasance mataimakin shugaba kuma shugaban Jami'ar International University of East Africa&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://iuea.ac.ug/university-leadership/|publisher=University of East Africa|title=Leadership|access-date=2023-12-11|archive-date=2018-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120233827/http://iuea.ac.ug/university-leadership/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  a [[Uganda]]. Masanin kimiyya ne kuma kwararre a kan kwayoyin cuta, ilimi, ilmantarwa, jagoranci da zamantakewar kasuwanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsos.co.ke/NEWBASE_EXPORTS/Unilever-dont%20delete/150626_The%20East%20African%20Business%20Times_28_9b64d.pdf|publisher=Ipsos Limited|title=East Africa Business Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;  A matsayinsa na masanin kimiya kuma kwararre, Olubayi ya sami Ph.D. game da hulɗar ƙwayoyin cuta-da-shuke-shuke a Jami'ar Rutgers,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rutgersblackalumni.org/hall_of_fame/hof_profile.php?news_id=35&amp;PHPSESSID=5c47ec012732ff3aa99ab1b13319c7d4|publisher=Rutgers African-American Alumni Alliance|title=Rutgers African-American Alumni Alliance|access-date=2023-12-11|archive-date=2018-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708144017/http://www.rutgersblackalumni.org/hall_of_fame/hof_profile.php?news_id=35&amp;PHPSESSID=013d38a718ba8e5b6a09f86143fefc44|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  yana riƙe da takardar shaidar bincike kan ɗimbin [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|ƙwayoyin cuta]] kuma ya wallafa labaran masana da yawa a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ilimin halittu da kimiyyar zamantakewa. A matsayinsa na malami ya koyar a Kwalejin Middlesex da Jami'ar Rutgers na tsawon shekaru 16, kuma ya koyar da tunani mai zurfi a cikin shirin IUEA MBA. Ya kasance mai ba da shawara kuma mai ba da shawara ga jami'an gwamnati a Kenya da Afirka ta Kudu, da UNDP a kan batutuwan karatu, ilimi, fasahar kere-kere, ci gaba mai dorewa da zama ɗan kasa a duniya. Shi mai ba da shawara ne na waje ga masu Ph.D. ɗalibai a cikin Jami'ar Oxford-Kemri/Wellcome Trust Research Programme a Kilifi, Kenya. A matsayin ɗan kasuwa na zamantakewa, Olubayi ya kafa ƙungiyar Kiwimbi International&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kiwimbi.org/people-of-kiwimbi.html|title=Initial Kenyan NGO Board Members|publisher=Kiwimbi International}}&lt;/ref&gt;   mai zaman kanta  da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Duniya da ake mutuntawa ta Amurka wacce ke kafa ɗakunan karatu a duk duniya kuma tana ba da damar koyon sabis na duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Education for a Better World|isbn=1461076862}}&lt;/ref&gt; A matsayinsa na mai tunani, shi ne marubucin littafin &quot;Ilimi don Ingantacciyar Duniya&quot;  da kuma binciken masana kimiyya mai tasowa na al'adun gargajiya na Kenya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/jgi/vol2/iss2/8/|title=The Emerging National Culture of Kenya|publisher=Journal of Global Initiatives}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://network.bepress.com/explore/social-and-behavioral-sciences/sociology/sociology-of-culture/?facet=discipline%3A%22Politics+and+Social+Change%22&amp;facet=subject_facet%3A%22National+identity%22|title=Sociology of Culture Commons|publisher=Digital Commons Network}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

Farfesa Olubayi shi ne shugaban Majalisar Jami’ar a Jami’ar Cavendish Uganda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cavendish.ac.ug/|title=Cavendish University Uganda|website=www.cavendish.ac.ug|language=en|access-date=2019-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is a Member of the University Council of KCA University, Kenya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kca.ac.ke/9th-commencement-ceremony?lightbox=dataItem-jb6810r6|title=9th Commencement Ceremony|website=kcauniversity|language=en|access-date=2019-09-29}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kca.ac.ke/university-governance|title=University Governance|website=kcauniversity|language=en|access-date=2019-09-29|archive-date=2019-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929123122/https://www.kca.ac.ke/university-governance|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Shi memba ne na Majalisar Jami'ar Jami'ar KCA, Kenya.   Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga ƙabilu da kabilanci Policy Relations Policy of National Cohesion and Integration Commission of Kenya (NCIC) a shekarun 2012 da 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HmWEDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=alice+wairimu+nderitu+book+ethnic+divides+++olubayi&amp;pg=PR10|title=Kenya, Bridging Ethnic Divides: A Commissioner's Experience on Cohesion and Integration|last=Wairimu|first=Nderitu, Alice|date=2018-12-12|publisher=Mdahalo Bridging Divides|isbn=9789966190314|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Shi murya ce mai mai kyau da aka ambata sosai akan &quot;al'adun haɗin kai na ƙasa da ke tasowa a Kenya&quot; tun daga shekarar 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://katibaculturalrights.wordpress.com/2017/08/25/one-tribe-one-kenya/|title=One Tribe, One Kenya?|last=Blog|first=Guest|date=2017-08-25|website=Cultural Rights and Kenya's New Constitution|language=en|access-date=2019-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mshale.com/2007/03/23/kenyan-diaspora-convention-kicks-off/|title=Kenyan Diaspora Convention Kicks Off|date=2007-03-23|website=Mshale|access-date=2019-09-29}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&amp;context=jgi The Emerging National Culture of Kenya: Decolonizing Modernity] Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&amp;context=jgi The Emerging National Culture of Kenya: Decolonizing Modernity] Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, shi ne shugaban hukumar gudanarwa na makarantar sakandare ta ‘yan mata ta St. Thomas Amagoro da ke gundumar Busia a ƙasar Kenya.

== Manazarta ==


[[Category:Haihuwan 1960]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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'''Olasunkanmi Abioye Opeola, Kurunloju I''' (an haife shi ranar 9 ga watan Maris, 1961) Oniroko ne, ko kuma basaraken gargajiya, na garin [[Yarbawa]] na [[Iroko, Oyo State|Iroko]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]], [[Najeriya]]. Ya yi mulki tun ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairun 2011.&lt;ref name=ismail&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/reward-for-excellence/
 |title=Reward For Excellence
 |work=TheNation
 |author=Olufemi Atoyebi
 |date=April 14, 2015
 |accessdate=2015-05-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi HRH Oba Olasunkanmi, ranar 9 ga watan Maris Shekara ta 1961, a gidan sarautar Abioye. Shine Oniroko/Sarki na farko daga gidan sarautar Abioye.&lt;ref name=Iroko&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://tribune.com.ng/news2013/index.php/en/community-news/item/12666-traditional-ruler-solicits-oyo-govt-s-presence-at-iroko
 |title=Traditional ruler solicits Oyo govt’s presence at Iroko
 |work=NigerianTribune
 |author=Taiwo Olanrewaju
 |date=May 24, 2013
 |accessdate=2015-05-22
 |archive-date=2015-05-18
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092019/http://tribune.com.ng/news2013/index.php/en/community-news/item/12666-traditional-ruler-solicits-oyo-govt-s-presence-at-iroko
 |url-status=dead
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Karatu===
Olasunkanmi ya halarci Makarantar Grammar ta Iroko, Iroko, sannan ya wuce Kwalejin Malamai ta St’ Andrew’s, Iseyin a shekarar 1979, inda ya samu takardar shaidar Grade II a shekarar 1982. Ya shiga hidimar koyarwa ta jihar Oyo a shekarar 1983, kuma ya halarci kwalejin ilimi ta Ikere-Ekiti daga shekarar 2000 zuwa 2002, inda ya samu takardar shedar ilimi ta Najeriya (NCE). Ya yi ritaya daga aikin koyarwa a shekara ta 2012 a matsayin mataimakin shugaban makarantar.&lt;ref name=IrokoOba&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://odili.net/news/source/2012/mar/13/607.html
 |title=Why Iroko was without an Oba for 32 years - Oniroko
 |work=NigerianTribune
 |author=Dapo Falade
 |date=March 13, 2012
 |accessdate=2015-05-22
 |archive-date=2015-05-18
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518091508/http://odili.net/news/source/2012/mar/13/607.html
 |url-status=dead
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rigimar doka ==
Lokacin da Olasunkanmi ya zama Oniroko/Sarki, ya zama shugaban [[Iroko, Oyo State|Iroko]] na farko a sama da shekaru talatin. A baya dai an yi ta cece-kuce kan ko wane ne ya mallaki fili a yankin. Adetunji Kolapo ne ya kawo rikicin shari’a. A wata hira da ''jaridar Nigerian Tribune'' a ranar 13 ga Maris 2012, Oniroko ya ce:
&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Mutumin ya rubuta takardar koke ga gwamnan jihar Oyo na lokacin, Janar Oladayo Popoola, cewa yana da hakki a kan sarautar Oniroko. Wannan batu dai ya kasance a gaban kotu har na tsawon shekaru 32 kafin daga karshe kotun ta yanke hukuncin a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2011 kuma kafin mutumin ya koma kotu, an gabatar da dukkan shaidun da ke nuna cewa an shigar da sabon Oniroko, kamar yadda kotun ta bayyana da umarnin gwamnatin jihar.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;IrokoOba&quot;/&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Category:Haihuwan 1961]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[category:Sarakunan Gargajiya a Najeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Night/Ext</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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'''Night/Ext''' fim ɗin  wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar Masar wanda a kayi shi a shekarar ta 2018 wanda kuma Ahmad Abdalla ya jagoranta.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIFF&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ciff.org.eg/ahmad-abdalla-el-sayeds-night-ext-to-participate-in-ciffs-official-competition/ |title=Ahmad Abdalla El Sayed's &quot; Night/Ext&quot; to participate in CIFF's official competition |work=CIFF |accessdate=24 August 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;   An nuna shi a cikin sashin Cinema na Duniya na zamani a bikin fina-finai na Toronto na shekarar  ta 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;TIFF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2018/08/tiff-2018-additional-titles-mid90s-boy-erased-hold-the-dark-1201993789/ |title=TIFF Adds More High-Profile Titles, Including Jonah Hill's 'Mid90s,' 'Boy Erased,' 'Hold the Dark,' and Many More |work=IndieWire |accessdate=24 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sherif Desoky ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a bikin fina-finai na Alkahira na 40 saboda rawar da ya taka a fim ɗin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/363977 | title=Álvaro Brechner wins the Golden Pyramid at Cairo with A Twelve-Year Night | publisher=Cineuropa | date=3 December 2018 | accessdate=4 December 2018 | author=Boas, Matthew}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== 'Yan wasa ==

* Karim Kassem a matsayin Moe
* Mona Hala a matsayin Toto
* Sherief El Desouky a matsayin Mustafa
* Ahmad Magdy a matsayin Magdi

== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Fim]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ofentse Mwase</title>
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'''Ofentse Mwase''' darektan Afirka ta Kudu ne, mai shirya fina-finai kuma wanda ya kafa Ofentse MWase Films .  haife shi kuma ya girma a Rustenburg, Arewa maso Yamma, Mwase ya yi karatun fim da fim a AFDA, Makarantar Tattalin Arziki.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ofentse Mwase {{!}} World of Film by Sony Asia Pacific {{!}} Sony AP|url=https://www.sony-asia.com/microsite/world-of-film/the-dreammakers/ofentse-mwase/|access-date=2022-05-10|publisher=Sony}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
An haifi Ofentse Mwase a Rustenburg, Arewa maso Yamma, Afirka ta Kudu .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Meet the Rustenburg man giving your favourite action movies some South African flavour|date=2021-11-17|publisher=News24|access-date=2022-06-30|first=Siya |last=Tsewu|location=South Africa |url-access=subscription |language=en|url=https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/meet-the-rustenburg-man-giving-your-favourite-action-movies-some-south-african-flavour-20211117}}&lt;/ref&gt;An fara sha'awar fim a shekara ta 2005. [1] A shekara ta 2009, ya harbe wani gajeren fim ''IGolide'', kuma ya sami gabatarwa don Mafi kyawun Cinematographer na shekara ta 2010.

Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a cikin 2011 ya harbe gajeren fim din ''Hajji'', wanda aka zaba don Mafi kyawun Cinematography a AFDA . Mwase ta lashe kyautar Cinematography mafi kyau don wasan kwaikwayo na TV ''Tjovitjo'' a bikin shekara-shekara na [[Kyautar Gasan Fina-finai ta Afurka ta kudu.|SAFTA]] a shekarar 2018.  A wannan shekarar ya kuma harbe Thato, wani Ster__wol____wol____wol__, wanda ya lashe Silver Loerie a 2011 Loerie Awards .

A cikin 2017, Ofentse ya ba da umarnin Bidiyo na Kiɗa ga Ameni ta Miss Pru wanda ke nuna Sjava, A-Reece, Emtee, Fifi Cooper, Saudiyya da B3nchmarq wanda ya ci gaba da lashe SAMA na farko (Kudancin Afirka Music Awards) don Bidiyo na Kudancin 2017. Ya harbe fim dinsa na farko Collision wanda Fabien Martorell ya jagoranta, wanda zai fara a ranar 16 ga Yuni, 2022 a Netflix.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Best T In the City: Speaks to award-winning Director Ofentse Mwase|url= https://www.kaya959.co.za/best-t-in-the-city-speaks-to-award-winning-director-ofentse-mwase/| website= kaya959| access-date =2022-05-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Bayani
|-
|2012
|''Hajiji''
|
|
|-
|2017
|''Mutumin da aka rataye''
|
|
|-
|2018
|''Jihar Nandi mai zaman kanta''
|Mai daukar hoto
|
|-
|2019
|''Kusasa''
|
|
|-
|2022
|''Rashin jituwa''
|Mai daukar hoto
|
|}

== Kyaututtuka ==

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{IMDb name|nm6494936|Ofentse Mwase}}
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nuong Faalong</title>
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[[Fayil:Nuong faalong.jpg|thumb|Nuong Faalong]]
[[Fayil:Nuong Faalong.jpg|thumb|hoton Nuon faalong]]
'''Edith Nuong Faalong''' 'yar kasuwan Ghana ce, 'yar jarida, marubuciya, 'yar gwagwarmaya kuma kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo.

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Nuong ta fito daga Lawra a [[yankin Upper West]] na [[Ghana]], Ta yi karatun sakandare a Aburi Girls Senior High School sannan ta ci gaba da zuwa Jami'ar [[Ghana]], Legon.

== Sana'a ==
Faalong ta shiga Media General Ghana Limited a cikin shekarar 2017 a matsayin mai watsa shirye-shiryen FM 3 da TV3.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://3news.com/nunoo-mensah-slams-mahama-over-comeback-bid/|title = Nunoo-Mensah slams Mahama over comeback bid|date = 4 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Former Director General of the Criminal Investigations Department of the Ghana Police Service, COP Bright Oduro is calling for the reassignment of the current CID Boss, Maame Yaa Tiwaa Addo Danquah. He spoke to Nuong Faalong on Hot Issues. |url=https://www.facebook.com/TV3GH/videos/former-director-general-of-the-criminal-investigations-department-of-the-ghana-p/423496961852055/ |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=TV3 Ghana (Facebook) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ita ce mace ta farko kuma ƙaramar 'yar jarida da ta ɗauki nauyin Batutuwa masu zafi, shirin al'amuran yau da kullun a TV3.   Ta yi aiki a ɗakin labarai na TV3 kuma ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar nazarin jarida. Ana ganin Nuong tana da masaniya sosai kuma tana magana kan lamuran zamantakewa a cikin ƙasarta. Faalong ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da gidan talabijin na Spotlight, shirin al'amuran yau da kullum a kan Mx24gh tashar watsa labarai da talabijin a Ghana.

A matsayinta na ‘yar wasan kwaikwayo, ta yi kanun labarai da sauri bayan wani ɗan lokaci kaɗan a masana’antar fina-finan Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=29 November 2014 |title=Nuong Faalong Becomes The Third Ghanaian Actress To Get Facebook Verification |url=http://ghanavibes.com/nuong-faalong-becomes-third-ghanaian-actress-get-facebook-verification/ |accessdate=29 June 2016 |publisher=Ghana vibes |archive-date=8 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808161243/http://ghanavibes.com/nuong-faalong-becomes-third-ghanaian-actress-get-facebook-verification/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;   An ba ta a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da za ta duba musamman bayan rawar da ta taka a Garrett Batty's Freetown&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ksl.com/?nid=1205&amp;sid=34156833|title=Most audiences will be glad they took a trip to 'Freetown' - KSL.com|publisher=[[KSL-TV]]|accessdate=29 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2014/08/guys-meet-the-latest-ghanaian-actress-in-town/|title=PHOTOS: Meet The Latest Ghanaian Actress In Town - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|date=27 August 2014|publisher=[[Nigerian Entertainment Today]]|accessdate=29 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;   wanda ya lashe mata kyautar Jaruma ta Shekara (Ba 'yar Najeriya ba) a cikin shekarar 2016 Nigeria Entertainment Awards (NEA).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 June 2018 |title=All You Need To Know About Nuong Faalong — Her Biography |url=https://ghanaslayers.com/2018/06/14/all-you-need-to-know-about-nuong-faalong-her-biography/ |access-date=2020-04-02 |website=GhanaSlayers. |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921114148/https://ghanaslayers.com/2018/06/14/all-you-need-to-know-about-nuong-faalong-her-biography/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2016 NEA NOMINEES LIST - FILM/TV CATEGORIES |url=http://www.neaawards.org/#!blank-9/btah6 |accessdate=29 June 2016 |publisher=neaawards. |archive-date=27 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627184042/http://www.neaawards.org/#!blank-9/btah6 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;    Ta fito a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV da fina-finai da yawa kamar 'Rayuwa tare da Trisha', ' [[A Northern Affair|A Northern Affair']], 'Broadway', 'Zunuban Ubanmu' da 'Laifuka a Soyayya', da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Colascione|first=John|title=The Published Reporter®|url=https://www.publishedreporter.com/|access-date=2022-02-18|website=The Published Reporter®|language=en-US|archive-date=2014-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221074353/http://blacklandreporter.com/ground-breaking-news-manor-medical-center/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Nuong Faalong|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6750041/|accessdate=29 June 2016|publisher=[[IMDb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

Faalong ita ce wacce ya kafa Earthyria.

== Shawarar Mata ==
Faalong mai ba da shawara ce don tabbatar da aiki a majalisar dokokin Ghana kuma tana da sha'awar daidaito da ci gaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-10-02 |title=Ghana Rising with Nuong Faalong, Chapter 4: Monkey Business. |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Ghana-Rising-with-Nuong-Faalong-Chapter-4-Monkey-Business-689629 |access-date=2022-02-18 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta bayyana kanta a matsayin mai rajin kare hakkin mata a kowane fanni na rayuwa da aiki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-13 |title=Ghana rising with Nuong Faalong: Navigating parity - Who will open the door? |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Ghana-rising-with-Nuong-Faalong-Navigating-parity-Who-will-open-the-door-754721 |access-date=2021-01-24 |website=GhanaWeb. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-29 |title=Who killed Akua Denteh? |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Who-killed-Akua-Denteh-1020397 |access-date=2021-01-24 |website=GhanaWeb. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nii Odoi Mensah</title>
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'''Nii Odoi Mensah''' (ya mutu ranar 3 ga watan Disamba, 2016) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar Ghana. Ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar ƴan wasan kwaikwayo ta Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanagrio.com/|title=Ghana News, Ghana Sports, Ghana Weather, Ghana Photos, Ghana Entertainment, and Gossip - Homepage - Ghana Nation Online|website=GhanaNation Online|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-13|archive-date=2020-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202003547/https://ghanagrio.com/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Veteran-actor-Nii-Odoi-Mensah-is-dead-430179|title=Veteran actor Nii Odoi Mensah is dead|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2016/April-12th/ghanaian-actor-nii-odoi-mensah-has-died.php|title=Ghanaian actor Nii Odoi Mensah has died - MyJoyOnline.com|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-10-13}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Fina-finai==
* ''My Mother's Heart'' (2005)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Moffat |first1=Nii Addokwei |title=The Mirror |date=7 May 2005 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9LU2BGAG3qgC |accessdate=4 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[6 Hours To Christmas]]'' (2010)
*[[Agony of Christ (film)|''Agony of Christ'']]

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}

==Hanyoyin Hadi na waje==
*{{IMDb name|5921307}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mensah, Nii Odoi}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nadia Lutfi</title>
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'''Nadia Lutfi''' ko '''Nadia Lotfi''' (Masar Larabci; an haife ta '''Paula Mohamed Mostafa Shafik'''&lt;ref name=&quot;ElCinema&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=Nadia Lotfi|url=https://elcinema.com/en/person/1030459/|quotation=The legendary actress Nadia Lotfy (born at Abdeen in Cairo) is one of  the most popular actresses in Egyptian cinema history.  Her birth name is Paula Mohamed Shafeek. Her name “Nadia Lotfy” was inspired by the famous “La Anam” or “No More Sleep” novel, written by Ihsan Abd El Kodoos.|website=elcinema.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Masar Larabawa); 3 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1937 - 4 ga Fabrairu 2020), ƴar wasan Masar ce.  A lokacin aikinta, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun ƴan wasan kwaikwayo na [[Sinima a Misra|Zamanin zinariya]] na Masar.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
[[Fayil:Nadia Lutfi 2.jpg|thumb|Nadia Lutfi]]
An haifi Nadia a [[Kairo|Alkahira]] a matsayin Paula Mohamed Mostafa Shafiq ga dangin Masar, mahaifinta, Mohamed, da mahaifiyarta, Fatma Khayri wacce ta ba ƴarta suna Paula bayan sunan wata kyakkyawar mai suna; nun da ta haɗu da ita a asibiti.&lt;ref name=Nadia1&gt;{{Citation|title=بالفيديو.. &quot;نادية لطفي&quot; تكشف سر تسميتها بـ&quot;بولا&quot;|date=15 March 2018|url=https://www.albawabhnews.com/2993385|quote=وأضافت ناديه لطفى، خلال حوارها مع الإعلامى أسامه كمال ببرنامج &quot; مساء dmc &quot; أنها اشتركت مع الفنانة الراحلة سعاد حسني في مقابلة وفد بولندي مما جعل الصحفى الشهير كمال الملاخ يطلق شائعة أنها من أصل بولندي، مؤكده انها مصريه 100% و اسم والدتها &quot;فاطمه خيرى&quot; ووالدها يدعى &quot;محمد&quot;. وروت الفنانه الكبيره أنها سميت باسم &quot;پولا&quot; نسبة الى الممرضه الراهبه التى كانت تراعى  أمها أثناء ولادتها فحينما علمت أن اسمها &quot;پولا أصرت أن تسمي ابنتها هذا الاسم وأصبح الاسم الحقيقي للفنانة ناديه لطفى .|access-date=2 March 2024|archive-date=4 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104190758/https://www.albawabhnews.com/2993385|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.elfagr.com/3010900|title=نادية لطفى: 'والدتى مصرية واسمها فاطمة وسمتنى'بولا' بسبب راهبة'|website=بوابة الفجر|date=15 March 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mutuwa ==
[[Fayil:Nadia Lutfi in Al Mummia (1969).jpg|thumb|Nadia Lutfi]]
A ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairu 2020, bayan ta kasance a ƙarƙashinn kulawa mai tsanani na ɗan lokaci, Nadia Lutfi ta mutu a asibitin Maadi, Alkahira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2020/02/04/egyptian-actress-nadia-lutfi-dies-aged-83/|title=Egyptian Actress Nadia Lutfi Dies Aged 83|website=EgyptianStreets|date=4 February 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Fina-finan da aka zaɓa==
{| Class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Year
! Title
! Egyptian Arabic Title
|-
| 1958 || ''Sultan'' ||سلطان
|-
| 1959 || ''[[Forever Yours (1959 film)|Forever Yours]]'' ||'' حب للأبد''
|-
| 1961 || ''[[The Sun Will Never Set]]'' ||'' لا تطفئ الشمس''
|-
| 1961 || ''[[With Memories]]'' ||''   مع الذكريات''
|-
| 1961 || ''[[Seven Girls]]'' ||''السبع بنات''
|-
| 1961 || ''Half Virgin'' ||نص عذراء
|-
| 1961 || ''[[My Only Love (film)|My Only Love]]'' ||'' حبى  الوحيد''
|-
| 1961 || ''[[Giants of Seas]]'' ||''عمالقة البحار''
|-
| 1962 || ''[[Judge of Love]]'' || ''قاضى الغرام''
|-
| 1962 || ''[[Schoolgirl's Diary]]'' ||''مذكرات تلميذه''
|-
| 1962 || ''The Sins'' ||''الخطايا''
|-
| 1962 || ''[[Without an Appointment]]'' ||''من غير ميعاد''
|-
| 1962 || ''Struggle of Giants'' ||''صراع العمالقه''  
|-
| 1962 || ''[[Days Without Love]]'' || ''ايام بلا حب''
|-
| 1962 || ''[[Come Back Mother]]'' ||''عودى يا امى''
|-
| 1963 || ''Years of Love'' || ''سنوات الحب''
|-
| 1963 || ''[[Saladin the Victorious]]'' ||''الناصر صلاح الدين''
|-
| 1963 || ''[[Dark Glasses]]'' ||النضاره السوده
|-
| 1963 || ''[[Marriage in Danger]]'' ||''جواز فى خطر''
|-
| 1963 || ''Bachelor's Life'' ||''حياة عازب''
|-
| 1964 || ''Between Two Palaces''|| '' بين القصرين''
|-
| 1964 || ''Unforgettable Love'' || ''حب لا انساه''
|-
| 1964 || ''[[Searcher for Love]]'' || ''الباحثه عن الحب''
|-
| 1964 || ''[[Girls Revolution]]'' ||'' ثورة البنات''
|-
| 1964 || ''[[ Youth , Love, and Merriment ]]'' ||''شباب و حب و مرح''
|-
| 1964 || ''[[Leave Me with Tears]]'' || ''دعنى و الدموع''
|-
| 1964 || ''[[Escaper from Life]]'' || ''هارب من الحياه''
|-
| 1965 || ''[[The Impossible (1965 film)|The Impossible]]'' ||''المستحيل''
|-
| 1965 || ''Unfaithfulness'' || ''الخاينه''
|-
| 1965 || ''[[Private Teacher]]'' ||''مدرس خصوصى''
|-
| 1965 || ''[[For Men Only (1964 film)|For Men Only]]'' || '' للرجال فقط''
|-
| 1966 || ''[[Enemy of Woman]]'' ||''عدو المرأه''
|-
| 1966 || ''[[A Widow is Required]]'' ||''مطلوب ارمله''
|-
| 1966 || '' Life is Sweet'' ||''الحياه حلوه''
|-
| 1967 || ''Long Nights'' ||''الليالى الطويله''
|-
| 1967 || ''Palace of Longing'' ||''قصر الشوق''
|-
| 1967 || ''Crazy's Romances'' ||''غراميات مجنون''
|-
| 1967 || ''Crime in Calm District'' ||''جريمه فى الحى الهادى'' 
|-
| 1967 || ''When We Love'' ||''عندما نحب''
|-
| 1967 || ''Quails and Autumn'' ||''السمان و الخريف''
|-
| 1967 || ''Nasty Girl'' ||''بنت شقيه''
|-
| 1968 ||''How to Rob Millionaire'' ||''كيف تسرق مليونير ''
|-
| 1968 || '' 3 Stories'' ||'' ٣ قصص   ''
|-
| 1968 || ''Days of Love'' ||'' ايام الحب''
|-
| 1969 || ''Pickpocket Despite His will'' || ''نشال رغم انفه ''
|-
| 1969 || ''Secretary of Mama'' ||''سكرتير ماما''
|-
| 1969 || ''My Father over the Tree'' || ''ابى فوق الشجره'' ||
|-
| 1969 || ''[[The Night of Counting the Years]]'' || '' الموميا ''
|-
| 1970 || ''They Were Days'' || ''كانت ايام''
|-
| 1970 || ''Kinsman'' || ''الرجل المناسب''
|-
| 1971 || ''Lovers of Life'' || ''عشاق الحياه''
|-
| 1971 || ''Gentle , Gallant and Greedy''||''الظريف و الشهم و الطماع ''
|-
| 1971 || ''Confessions of a Woman''||'' اعترافات امرأه ''
|-
| 1972 || ''[[Featureless Men]]''|| ''رجال بلا ملامح''
|-
| 1972 || ''Visitor'' || ''الزائره''
|-
| 1972 || ''Barrier'' ||''الحاجز''
|-
| 1972 || ''Lights of City'' ||''اضواء المدينه''
|-
| 1972 ||'' Wild Flowers '' ||    ''زهور بريه''
|-
| 1973 ||''Armies of the Sun'' ||''جيوش الشمس''
|-
| 1974 || ''Bottom of City'' || ''قاع المدينه''
|-
| 1974 || ''Enemies Brothers'' ||''الاخوه الاعداء''
|-
| 1975 ||''Who Can Overcome Aziza''||''مين يقدر علا عزيزه''
|-
| 1975 ||''On Transparent Papers''||''علا ورق سلوڤان''
|-
| 1975 ||''Never,I'll Not Return'' ||''ابدا لن اعود''
|-
| 1975 || ''Badi'a Masabni'' ||''بديعه مصابنى''
|-
| 1976 || ''Lover of Another'' || ''حبيبة غيرى''
|-
| 1976 || ''Home Without affection'' || ''بيت بلا حنان''
|-
| 1977 || ''And She Fell in Sea of Honey'' || ''و سقطت فى بحر العسل''
|-
| 1978 || ''Behind the Sun''||''ورا الشمس''
|-
| 1978 || ''Journey inside a Woman'' ||''رحله داخل امرأه''
|-
| 1978 ||''Elaqmar''||''الاقمر''
|-
| 1980 || ''[[Where Do You Hide the Sun?]]'' ||''اين تخبئون الشمس؟''
|-
| 1982 || ''Bloody Fates '' ||''الأقدار الداميه''
|-
| 1986 || ''House of Poisoned Family'' ||''منزل العائله المسمومه''
|-
| 1988 || ''Legitimate Father''    ||''الأب الشرعى''
|-
|}

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal|Egypt}}

==Hanyoyin Hadi na waje==
* [http://www.mrqe.com/lookup?%5EBab+el+hadid+(1958) ''Cairo Station'' film review]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070312080500/http://www.gd-tv.com/al_main.htm Profile]

{{Commons category|Nadia Lotfy}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lutfi, Nadia}
[[Category:Mutattun 2020]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1937]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mmabatho Montsho</title>
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'''Mmabatho Montsho''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 1983) ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Afirka ta Kudu, marubuciya, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, kuma darektan fim.&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mnganga |first=Tholakele |date=2018-10-19 |title=Mmabatho Montsho on going from actress to director |url=http://www.channel24.co.za/The-Juice/News/mmabatho-montsho-on-going-from-actress-to-director-20181019 |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=Channel |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mmabatho Montsho's film wins international award |url=https://www.enca.com/life/mmabatho-montshos-film-wins-international-award |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=eNCA |language=en |archive-date=2020-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312020647/https://www.enca.com/life/mmabatho-montshos-film-wins-international-award |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mmabatho Montsho makes theatre directorial debut |url=https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/mmabatho-montsho-makes-theatre-directorial-debut/ar-AADoBIY |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=www.msn.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mathebula |first=Kwanele |date=2020-01-16 |title=Mmabatho Montsho's two films selected for the Pan African Film Festival |url=http://www.bona.co.za/mmabatho-montshos-two-films-selected-for-the-pan-african-film-festival/ |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=Bona Magazine |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 February 2020 |title=Mmabatho Montsho's film wins award at US film festival |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/pic-of-the-day/2020-02-12-mmabatho-montshos-film-wins-award-at-us-film-festival/ |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=SowetanLIVE |language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
An haifi Montsho a Soweto, [[Johannesburg]] . Ta yi karatun sakandare a Makarantar Sakandare ta Greenside sannan ta ci gaba a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] inda ta yi karatun Audiovisual Multimedia . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mnganga |first=Tholakele |date=2018-10-19 |title=Mmabatho Montsho on going from actress to director |url=http://www.channel24.co.za/The-Juice/News/mmabatho-montsho-on-going-from-actress-to-director-20181019 |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=Channel |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMnganga2018&quot;&gt;Mnganga, Tholakele (19 October 2018). [http://www.channel24.co.za/The-Juice/News/mmabatho-montsho-on-going-from-actress-to-director-20181019 &quot;Mmabatho Montsho on going from actress to director&quot;]. ''Channel''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;12 February&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Banks |date=2016-05-28 |title=Mmabatho Montsho Biography - Boyfriend or Husband |url=https://buzzsouthafrica.com/peoples-bae-mmabatho-montsho-romance/ |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=BuzzSouthAfrica - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Trendy News &amp; Updates |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare, Montsho yana da sha'awar Fashion. Ta ƙaddamar da lakabin ta na farko Black Olive Designs bayan kammala makarantar sakandare. Ta yi aiki tare da abokanta na kusa a makarantar sakandare don bunkasa kasuwancin ta hanyar tsara tufafi da sayar da su a kasuwar B &amp; B Rooftop. A shekara ta 2004, layin tufafinsu ya sami karbuwa daga jama'a a makon kayan ado na Afirka ta Kudu.

A shekara ta 2006, ta fara aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo, ta bayyana a matsayin baƙo a kan SABC 1 A Place Called Home &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mnganga |first=Tholakele |date=2018-10-19 |title=Mmabatho Montsho on going from actress to director |url=http://www.channel24.co.za/The-Juice/News/mmabatho-montsho-on-going-from-actress-to-director-20181019 |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=Channel |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMnganga2018&quot;&gt;Mnganga, Tholakele (19 October 2018). [http://www.channel24.co.za/The-Juice/News/mmabatho-montsho-on-going-from-actress-to-director-20181019 &quot;Mmabatho Montsho on going from actress to director&quot;]. ''Channel''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;12 February&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Banks |date=2016-05-28 |title=Mmabatho Montsho Biography - Boyfriend or Husband |url=https://buzzsouthafrica.com/peoples-bae-mmabatho-montsho-romance/ |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=BuzzSouthAfrica - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Trendy News &amp; Updates |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBanks2016&quot;&gt;Banks (28 May 2016). [https://buzzsouthafrica.com/peoples-bae-mmabatho-montsho-romance/ &quot;Mmabatho Montsho Biography - Boyfriend or Husband&quot;]. ''BuzzSouthAfrica - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Trendy News &amp; Updates''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;12 February&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
Ta fito a fina-finai da yawa da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, ciki har da:

* ''[[Jacob's Cross|Gicciye na Yakubu]]''
* ''Farin Ciki Kalmar Harafi Hudu ce''
* ''Artcha''
* ''[[Mr Bones 2: Back from the future|Mista Bones 2: Komawa daga nan gaba]] a matsayin Wanita''
* ''Cikakken titin''
* ''Tempy Pushas a matsayin Noxy''
* ''[[Nothing for Mahala|Babu wani abu ga Mahala]]''
* ''Itacen inabi na Thula''
* ''[[Generations (South African TV series)|Tsararru]] kamar Lumka''
* ''Birnin Rhythm''

== Ayyuka ==
Ita ce furodusa da darakta ga fina-finai masu zuwa:

* ''Yankuna''
* ''Bikin Kyautar''
* ''Joko Ya Hao''
* ''Babu wani abu ga Mahala''
* ''Otal ɗin da ake kira Memory''

== Kyaututtuka ==

* An ba da lambar yabo ta Golden Horn don Kyautattun Ayyuka a Rubutun a cikin Wasan kwaikwayo na TV &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MMABATHO MONTSHO WINS FILM AWARD |url=https://www.dailysun.co.za/Celebs/mmabatho-montsho-wins-film-award-20200211 |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=DailySun}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2020 - Mafi kyawun gajeren fim - Bikin Fim na Mata na Duniya a Arizona &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Desere |date=2020-02-12 |title=Halala: Mmabatho Montsho's film scoops up international award in US |url=https://briefly.co.za/53317-halala-mmabatho-montshos-film-scoops-international-award-us.html |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=Briefly |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308071223/https://briefly.co.za/53317-halala-mmabatho-montshos-film-scoops-international-award-us.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mmabatho Montsho's film wins international award |url=https://www.enca.com/life/mmabatho-montshos-film-wins-international-award |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=eNCA |language=en |archive-date=2020-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312020647/https://www.enca.com/life/mmabatho-montshos-film-wins-international-award |url-status=dead }}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.enca.com/life/mmabatho-montshos-film-wins-international-award &quot;Mmabatho Montsho's film wins international award&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312020647/https://www.enca.com/life/mmabatho-montshos-film-wins-international-award |date=2020-03-12 }}. ''eNCA''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;12 February&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 February 2020 |title=Mmabatho Montsho's film wins award at US film festival |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/pic-of-the-day/2020-02-12-mmabatho-montshos-film-wins-award-at-us-film-festival/ |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=SowetanLIVE |language=en-ZA}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/pic-of-the-day/2020-02-12-mmabatho-montshos-film-wins-award-at-us-film-festival/ &quot;Mmabatho Montsho's film wins award at US film festival&quot;]. ''SowetanLIVE''. 11 February 2020&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;12 February&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kwach |first=Julie |date=2019-02-11 |title=A look into Mmabatho Montsho biography |url=https://briefly.co.za/23553-mmabatho-montsho-biography-age-boyfriend-marriage-career.html |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=Briefly |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Nikki Laoye</title>
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{{Infobox person|name=Nikki Laoye|imagesize=|caption=Nikki Laoye|birth_name=Oyenike Laoye|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1980|12|19|}}|birth_place=[[Lagos]], Nigeria|origin=[[Osun State]], Nigeria|occupation={{hlist|Singer|songwriter|media personality|actress|humanitarian}}|genre={{flatlist|
* [[Gospel music|Gospel]]
* [[urban contemporary]]
* [[alternative rock]]
* [[contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
* pop
* [[Hip hop music|hip hop]]
* [[Soul music|soul]]
}}|years_active=2005–present|instrument=Vocals|label=Wahala Media Entertainment|website={{URL|http://reverbnation.com/nikkilaoye}}}}'''Oyenike Laoye''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Nikki Laoye''', yar asalin ƙasar  Najeriya ce mai yin rikodin rikodi, mawaƙa, ɗan adam, marubuci, ƴan rawa kuma ƴan wasan kwaikwayo lokaci-lokaci, shahararriyar kalamanta na kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo.  A matsayinta na mai yin rikodin, waƙar Laoye ta sami lambobin yabo da yawa da suka haɗa da lambar yabo ta Headies a shekarar 2013 don ''Mafi kyawun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Mata''  da Kyautar Kyautar Waƙoƙin Afirka (AFRIMA) a cikin 2014 don ''Mafi kyawun Mawaƙin Mata a Afirka Inspirational Music'' .   Ta kuma yi fice a waƙar 2006 da ''ba ta taɓa jin haka ba'', 2013 dance single &quot; 1-2-3 &quot;, the soulful ballad &quot; Only You &quot;, wanda ta sake yin remix a 2016 tare da [[Seyi Shay]] da waƙar soyayya ''Onyeuwaoma'' featuring. [[Banky W|Banki W.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Osaz |first=Tony |date=27 December 2013 |title=Olamide wins big @ Headies 2013 + full list of winners |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/12/olamide-wins-big-headies-2013-full-list-winners/ |access-date=20 November 2017 |work=Vanguard |location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Ade |first=Ola |date=15 November 2015 |title=AFRIMA The Chips Go Down Tonight |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/11/afrima-awards-the-chips-go-down-tonight/ |access-date=20 November 2017 |work=Vanguard |location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Showemimo |first=Dayo |date=31 December 2014 |title=AFRIMA award is Nikki Laoye's 5th in 2014 |url=http://thenet.ng/2014/12/afrima-award-is-nikki-laoyes-5th-in-2014/ |access-date=20 November 2017 |work=TheNet Newspaper |location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Adesida |first=Olumide |date=14 February 2016 |title=MUSIC: Nikki Laoye feat. Banky W – Onyeuwaoma |url=http://thenet.ng/2016/02/music-nikki-laoye-feat-banky-w-onyeuwaoma/ |access-date=20 November 2017 |work=TheNet Newspaper |location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Sha'awarta ga ayyukan jin kai ya ja hankalin [[Hukumar Kula da Ƴan Gudun Hijira, Baƙi, Waɗanda suka rasa muhalli, ta Ƙasa|Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Muhawara ta]] Najeriya (NCFRMI), wacce ta bayyana ta a matsayin shahararriyar 'Voice of Refugees' a Kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya a 2013.

&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=20 May 2014 |title=Voice of Refugees: Nikki Laoye, Explains Why she bagged the Ambassadorial Job |url=http://encomium.ng/voice-of-refugees-nikki-laoye-explains-why-she-bagged-the-ambassadorial-job/ |access-date=30 July 2014 |work=Encomium Magazine |location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=19 June 2016 |title=NIKKI LAOYE SEEKS DONATIONS FOR WORLD REFUGEE DAY |url=http://thenationonlineng.net/nikki-laoye-seeks-donations-world-refugee-day-via-angel-relief-fund-nikki-laoye-provide-food-relief-materials-clothing-drugs-families-also-provide-education-f/ |access-date=20 November 2017 |work=The Nation Newspaper |location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Salon kiɗanta sauti ne na zamani na birni tare da haɗakar madadin dutsen, R&amp;B, hip hop, pop, rai, funk, jazz da Bishara .

An haife shi a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya, Laoye ya fito ne daga zuriyar kade-kade na almara mai magana - Late Oba Adetoyese Laoye (daga Ede, Jihar Osun-Nigeria),  Mawakin, wanda ake kira da farin ciki, ƙaramin mai babbar murya, ya tashi. Ya shahara a cikin 2006 tare da waƙar da aka buga, &quot;Kada Ka taɓa jin Wannan Hanya Kafin&quot; daga kundi na farko na studio, ''Angel 4 Life'' (2008),  wanda kuma ya fito da wasu fitattun wakoki, gami da haɗin gwiwar Hip-Hop tare da Rooftop Mcs da ita. ɗan'uwa, Rap2Sai - &quot;Taka Sufe&quot;; ballad soyayya &quot;Wani wanda zai so&quot; tare da R&amp;B crooer Jeremiah Gyang &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ovie |first=Odi |date=5 September 2009 |title=Nikki Laoye &amp; Jeremiah Gyang – Someone 2 Love |url=http://notjustok.com/2009/09/05/nikki-laoye-jeremiah-gyang-someone-2-love/ |access-date=17 July 2014 |website=Notjustok.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;DadBroke2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Ogaga |first=Tony |date=9 November 2013 |title=Nikki Laoye: Dad broke my heart when... |url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/entertainment/nikki-laoye-dad-broke-heart/ |access-date=15 November 2013 |work=Daily Sun |location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Ahmed |first=Modupe |date=15 June 2013 |title=My Parents Influenced my Music-Nikki Laoye |url=http://tribune.com.ng/news2013/index.php/en/component/k2/item/14373-my-parents-influenced-my-music-career-%E2%80%94nikki-laoye.html |access-date=15 November 2013 |work=Nigerian Tribune |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-date=15 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215110119/http://tribune.com.ng/news2013/index.php/en/component/k2/item/14373-my-parents-influenced-my-music-career-%E2%80%94nikki-laoye.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Ovie |first=Odi |date=5 September 2009 |title=Nikki Laoye &amp; Jeremiah Gyang – Someone 2 Love |url=http://notjustok.com/2009/09/05/nikki-laoye-jeremiah-gyang-someone-2-love/ |access-date=17 July 2014 |work=Notjustok.com |location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Laoye a Legas, Najeriya; diyar daya tilo ga Yarima Olushola Isaac Laoye &amp; Olori Christiana Yetunde Laoye. Laoye tana da alamomin gauraye daban-daban kamar yadda mahaifinta, Olushola dan Turawa ne (Yaren mutanen Holland), Ghana da kuma zuriyar Najeriya. Ita ce 'yar'uwa ga 'yan'uwa uku: &lt;ref name=&quot;vinemag1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=Nikki Laoye: Why I kept my virginity till my wedding night &amp;#124; VINE |url=http://vinemag.com/nikki-laoye-why-i-kept-my-virginity-till-my-wedding-night/ |access-date=23 March 2014 |publisher=Vinemag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Femi, Bola da Ade, wanda kuma aka sani da Xblaze, matashin matashin mai shirya kiɗa / Hip Hop &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=Nikki Laoye &amp; XBlaze – Your Number ft. Runel Karebian |url=http://notjustok.com/2014/02/19/nikki-laoye-xblaze-your-number-ft-runel-karebian/ |access-date=23 March 2014 |publisher=Notjustok.com |archive-date=23 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323021026/http://notjustok.com/2014/02/19/nikki-laoye-xblaze-your-number-ft-runel-karebian/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; a Lagos, Nigeria. Ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa da raye-raye tana da shekara biyar.

A cikin 1998, Laoye ya shiga ƙungiyar matasa na [[Ikoyi]] Baptist Church kuma abokina kuma darektan kiɗa, Reginald Bassey ya gabatar da shi ga bishara ta yau da kullun kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mawaƙin soloist/jagorancin shekaru biyu. (Daga baya Laoye ya shiga Cocin House on the Rock kuma ya kasance jagoran mawakan mawakan Ibadan da Legas sama da shekaru 10.  )

A shekara ta 2000, wani taro na dama a gefen hallways na St. Anne, wani masauki na mata masu zaman kansu, a Jami'ar Ibadan ya haifar da kirkirar ƙungiyar 'yan mata, Soul Sistas, wanda ya hada da Laoye, Debola Kester da Aboyowa Tene . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 August 2014 |title=A Date with Nikki |url=http://businessdayonline.com/2014/08/a-date-with-nikki/ |access-date=12 August 2014 |website=Business Day |archive-date=4 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204173604/http://businessdayonline.com/2014/08/a-date-with-nikki/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 'Yan matan sun hadu a lokacin maraice na kiɗa, nishaɗi da wasanni a cikin ɗakin dakinsu kuma sun buga waƙoƙi a zahiri. Sun fara yin aiki tare, kawai don ƙaunarsa kuma a ƙarshe sun ɗauki sunan &quot;Soul Sistas&quot; bayan sun raira waƙa a wata ƙungiya ta harabar kuma Fasto, Dele Osunmakinde (yanzu Fasto na Cocin Baftisma, Legas) ya yi magana da farin ciki &quot;waɗannan matan suna raira waƙa ga ranku&quot;. A shekara ta 2003, wata mawaƙiya mace, Funmi [[Ojo]], ta haɗu da 'yan mata a takaice, amma ta koma cikin uku a cikin wannan shekarar.

Tare har tsawon shekaru biyar, Soul Sistas ita ce mace ɗaya tilo a ƙungiyar cappella a Jami'ar kuma sun shahara saboda haɗin kai da suka haɗa da fassarar waƙar cappella na gargajiya &quot;Ƙaunarka Ya Fi Rayuwa&quot;. A cikin 2005, 'yan matan sun bi hanyoyinsu daban-daban bayan kammala karatunsu a Jami'ar tare da Laoye suna yin sana'ar solo kuma Debola da Aboyowa sun ɗauki ayyukan yau da kullun. A cikin 2007, 'yan ukun sun dawo don yin rikodin remix don buga su,  &quot;Baba L'oke&quot; don kundi na farko na Laoye, ''Angel 4 Life'' . A cikin 2010, Debola ya yi takara a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na gaskiya na kiɗan Najeriya, Project Fame Season 3 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 July 2010 |title=MTN Project Fame West Africa's 'Lucky 18′ get their first taste of Stardom as the show begins and superstar Asa visits |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2010/07/19/mtn-project-fame-west-africas-lucky-18-get-their-first-taste-of-stardom-as-the-show-begins-and-superstar-asa-visits/ |access-date=27 March 2014 |publisher=BellaNaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan takara 10 na ƙarshe tare da Ochuko, Yetunde Omo'badan, [[Chidinma]] Ekile (wanda ya ci nasara).

== Ilimi ==
Laoye ta fara karatunta ne a Makarantar Yara ta Grace, &lt;ref name=&quot;vinemag1&quot;/&gt; Gbagada, Legas. Ba da daɗewa ba, malaminta na kiɗa ya zaɓe ta, wanda ya lura da iyawar kiɗanta a irin wannan shekarun kuma ya ba ta darussan piano kyauta a ƙarshen kowace rana ta makaranta. Laoye ta kara inganta fasahar waka a lokacin da take karatun sakandare a Kwalejin ’Yan mata ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Sagamu &lt;ref name=&quot;vinemag1&quot; /&gt; (daga inda ta kammala a 1998) da Jami’ar Ibadan bi da bi yayin da ta yi wasa da mawakan makaranta tare da hada kai da wake-wake da raye-raye. ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Exousia, Soul Alliance da ƙungiyar 'yan mata uku, Soul Sistas. &lt;ref name=&quot;Punchng1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kemi Lanre |date=n.d. |title=Nikki Laoye: I Love Adventure |url=http://www.punchng.com/spice/local-entertainment/i-love-adventure-nikki-laoye-oturu/ |access-date=23 March 2014 |publisher=The Punch Newspapers |archive-date=22 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322133129/http://www.punchng.com/spice/local-entertainment/i-love-adventure-nikki-laoye-oturu/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Laoye ta fara aikinta ne a matsayin mai fasaha na solo a cikin 2006, tare da fitar da waƙarta ta farko, &quot;Ba ta taɓa jin haka ba&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;Punchng1&quot;/&gt; wanda furodusan kiɗan Najeriya Cobhams ya shirya. Mawakiyar ta ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayo a gidajen rediyo na yau da kullun a Najeriya kuma ya sami karɓuwa sosai a duk faɗin ƙasar, don haka ya sa Laoye ta zama ɗaya daga cikin ƴan mawakan Kirista na zamani a masana'antar kiɗan Najeriya tare da jan hankali. Sakin haɗin gwiwarta na HipHop guda ɗaya, &quot;Taka Sufe&quot; wanda ke nuna Rooftop Mcs da Rap2Sai ya ƙara ƙaunarta ga matasan Najeriya tare da samar da dandalin bayyanawa ga ɗan'uwanta, Xblaze wanda ya shirya waƙar. (Xblaze Ade Laoye ne ya samar da mafi yawan wakokin da ke kan kundi na farko na Laoye da kuma ''waƙar'' rawa ta 2013, &quot; 1-2-3 &quot;. .
[[File:Nikki_laoye_cece_winans.jpg|right|thumb| Nikki Laoye tare da Cece Winans a Experience 2009 taron manema labarai a Lagos, Nigeria]]
A cikin 2008, Laoye ta biyo baya tare da fitar da kundi na farko ''Angel 4 Life'' - tarin sautunan zamani da jerin manyan mawakan Najeriya ciki har da Rooftop Mcs, Blaise, Jeremiah Gyang da sauran su. Ba da daɗewa ba mawakiyar ta yi kaurin suna yayin da a hankali waƙoƙin da ta yi aure suka tashi zuwa matsayi na ɗaya a cikin jadawalin jadawalin Najeriya na tsawon makonni; kuma ta kasance babbar alama a kan MTV Base Rockumentary show- ''Gargaɗi na gaba'' . A cikin 2009, Laoye ya yi  tare da masu fasahar bishara na duniya Kirk Franklin, Cece Winans da Donnie McClurkin ga masu sauraron 500,000 a The 2009 Experience Concert a Lagos, Nigeria. Laoye ya kuma taka rawar gani a wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Nigerian-Broadway wasan kida, ''OLURONBI'' a watan Oktoba 2009  kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin mata masu fasaha guda biyar  a 2009 Tetmosol Girl Power Tour, wanda ya kasance yawon shakatawa na kasa baki daya a fadin jihohi daban-daban na Najeriya.

Fitar da waƙar &quot;Kada Ka taɓa jin Wannan Hanya a Gaba&quot; ya kawo sabon sauti na Kirista na zamani ga masana'antar kiɗan Najeriya. Wannan lambar yabo ta sau bakwai da aka zaba, (2009 Hip Hop World Awards- Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Vocal (Mace) da Wahayin Duniya na HipHop (Mafi kyawun Sabuwar Mawaƙi);  Kora Awards -Mafi kyawun Ruhaniya da Mafi Tsari; 2009 City People Entertainment Awards - Mawaƙin Shekara (Mace); lambar yabo ta Nishaɗi ta Najeriya ta 2009 a cikin Amurka -Mawaƙin Linjila na Shekara  &amp; 2009 SoundCity Music Video Awards-Mafi kyawun Bidiyon Mata), ya sami manyan yabo kuma ya ba Laoye kima a matsayin Mafi kyawun Kwarewa na 3 a 2009 HipHop World Awards a Najeriya ( Darey Art Alade da [[2Baba|Tuface]] suna zuwa na 1 da na biyu, daga cikin wasanni 10 da aka bayar a lambobin yabo).

Laoye ita ce mace daya tilo da ta fafata tare da manyan Mawakan Najeriya maza – MI, [[Banky W|Banky W.]] da Naeto C na HipHop World Revelation (Mafi kyawun Mawaƙi) na 2009 HipHop World Awards . 

A cikin 2009, Laoye ya yi tare da Kirk Franklin, CeCe Winans, Donnie McClurkin ga masu sauraro na 500,000 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Olorisupergal |first=Tosin |date=1 January 2014 |title=Who is Nikki Laoye |url=http://olorisupergal.com/who-is-nikki-laoye-the-lady-her-music-the-headies/ |access-date=17 July 2014 |website=Olorisupergal |archive-date=6 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206055125/http://olorisupergal.com/who-is-nikki-laoye-the-lady-her-music-the-headies/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; a The Experience Concert a Legas. 

Waƙar Laoye ta sami karɓuwa fiye da Afirka, saboda tana ɗaya daga cikin mawakan Najeriya uku na farko da aka yi hira da su a tashar nishaɗin Amurka, BET a 2009 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sound City |first=New Music from Nikki Laoye |title=News |url=http://www.soundcity.tv/stories/1062/New-Music-Nikki-Laoye-No-Be-Beans-ft-Base-One |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208181726/http://www.soundcity.tv/stories/1062/New-Music-Nikki-Laoye-No-Be-Beans-ft-Base-One |archive-date=8 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin alkalan farko na BET's Sunday Best Auditions wanda wanda aka yi a Lagos, Nigeria a watan Disamba 2009. A cikin 2011, an nuna rayuwar Laoye da aikinta a wani yanki na musamman akan BET, mai taken &quot;BET Spotlight - Nikki Laoye&quot;. 

A cikin 2013, mawakiyar ta sake dawowa cikin fagen waka bayan ta kasance cikin hutu sakamakon rashin mahaifinta a 2011.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Akinboade |first=Bola |date=25 August 2011 |title=Celebrity Buzz: Nikki Laoye Losses Father |url=http://www.bebeakinboade.com/2011/08/nikki-laoye-losses-father.html |access-date=23 March 2014 |publisher=Bebeakinboade.com |archive-date=23 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323033857/http://www.bebeakinboade.com/2011/08/nikki-laoye-losses-father.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

An umurci Laoye da ta yi nadin nata nata nata na rera wakar ta Najeriya ga Mawallafin TV na Najeriya, Mo Abudu 's Ebony Life Television a watan Yuni 2013. Bidiyon ya shahara a matsayin faifan kida na farko na waƙar Najeriya. Tun lokacin da aka sake shi a watan Yunin 2013, an gayyaci Laoye don yin waƙar waƙar shugaban ƙasa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oni |first=Wale |date=21 July 2013 |title=Fascinating Nigeria: The Rivetting Launch |url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/fascinating-nigeria-the-riveting-launch/153882/ |access-date=15 November 2013 |website=ThisDay Newspaper |archive-date=2 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231921/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/fascinating-nigeria-the-riveting-launch/153882/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; a Aso Rock, Abuja da sauran ayyukan hukuma. Kamar yadda a 2013, ta fito da waƙoƙin &quot;Babu Beans&quot; tare da ɗan wasan Hip Hop na Yoruba Base One; rawar rawa &quot; 1-2-3 &quot;; da [[Rotimi Keys]] ta fitar da &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Boye |first=Don |date=5 May 2016 |title=Nikki Laoye x Seyi Shay – Only You (Remix) |url=http://notjustok.com/2016/05/11/nikki-laoye-x-seyi-shay-only-you-remix/ |access-date=18 August 2016 |website=NotJustOk.com |archive-date=18 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818181529/http://notjustok.com/2016/05/11/nikki-laoye-x-seyi-shay-only-you-remix/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ballad &quot; Kai kaɗai &quot;, waƙar da aka sadaukar don tunawa da mahaifinta marigayi,  wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta Mafi kyawun Ƙwararru (Mace) a 2013 Headies Awards a Legas. Najeriya. 

Laoye ta kuma ba da sa hannun ta a rediyon jingles wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da &quot;0809aija 4 Life&quot; na Etisalat, wanda ya ƙunshi mawaƙin R&amp;amp;amp;B [[Banky W]], MTN na &quot;Duk inda Ka tafi&quot; jingle da Fidelity Bank's &quot;Babu Babban Ji&quot;. Mawakin ya yi wasan kwaikwayo na fina-finai don manyan shirye-shiryen Nollywood irin su ''Bent Arrows'',  ''Inda Zuciya ta kwanta'', &lt;ref name=&quot;olamildent1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 July 2009 |title=About Nikki Laoye ~ Olamild Ent |url=http://www.olamildent.com/2009/07/about-nikki-laoye.html |access-date=22 March 2014 |publisher=Olamildent.com |archive-date=22 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322211916/http://www.olamildent.com/2009/07/about-nikki-laoye.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Ofishin Jakadancin 2 Babu inda'' &lt;ref name=&quot;olamildent1&quot; /&gt; da kuma fim ɗin ''Tafiya zuwa Kai'' 

Laoye kuma mutuniyar iska ce a talabijin da rediyo. A cikin 2005 ta dauki nauyin Nunin TV ''New Breeze Show'' akan Gidan Talabijin na Nishaɗi na Silverbird kuma har zuwa 2013, ta shirya shirinta na rediyo, ''Girls Rock tare da Nikki Laoye''  a gidan rediyon bisharar intanet na Najeriya mai suna Praiseworld Radio. An kuma bayyana ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu masaukin baki don gasar TV ta gaskiya ta bishara, ''Taurari 4 Kristi'' . 

A watan Agustan 2013, Laoye ya ba da taken Nigerian Corner a bikin Nottinghill Carnival  a Burtaniya, taron da ya jawo dubban 'yan Najeriya mazauna fadin Burtaniya. A cikin wannan shekarar, Laoye ta tafi yawon shakatawa na coci a Ingila,  wanda ya kai ta London, Manchester, Loughton da Warrington. A watan Satumba na 2013, Laoye ya yi wasa tare da fitacciyar jarumar R&amp;amp;amp;B Mary J. Blige  a wurin wasan kwaikwayo na &quot;Sisters with Soul&quot; a Lagos, Nigeria.

Laoye ya ba da taken lambar yabo ta Headies na 2014 da kuma bikin cika shekaru 10 na wasan kide-kide na Rhythm Unplugged  a cikin Disamba 2014.

A cikin Janairu 2016, Laoye ya ba da labarin taron ''Maraice na Butterscotch'', tare da Superstar American R&amp;B Brian Mcknight a Eko Hotels and Suites a Lagos, Nigeria.  A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2016, kwana biyu ya rage ranar soyayya, Laoye ya fitar da wani Dut din soyayya tare da mawakin R&amp;B na Najeriya [[Banky W]] mai suna ''Onyeuwaoma'', wakar ta ji dadin sake dubawa kuma an saki bidiyon hukuma a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 2016. 

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
A ranar 11 ga Disamba, 2011, Laoye ta auri Alexander Oturu a Legas, Najeriya. Su biyun sun rabu bayan shekaru bakwai da yin aure saboda bambance-bambancen da ba za a iya daidaita su ba. Ma'auratan ba su da yara tare.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 November 2018 |title=LIB Exclusive: Gospel Singer, Nikki Laoye and husband, Alex Oturu split, file for divorce |url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2018/11/lib-exclusive-gospel-singer-nikki-laoye-and-husband-alex-oturu-split-file-for-divorce.html |access-date=30 November 2018 |website=Linda Ikeji's Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tallafawa ==
A cikin Disamba 2010, Laoye ta kafa &quot;Angel 4 Life Foundation&quot;, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 December 2010 |title=Nikki Laoye Launches 'Angel 4 Life' Charity Project and Her Notebook Line – &quot;Scribbles by Nikki Laoye&quot; |url=http://www.wahalamedia.com/index.php/nikki-laoye-launches-qangel-4-lifeq-charity-project-and-her-notebook-line-qscribbles-by-nikki-laoyeq.html |access-date=22 March 2014 |website=Wahala Media |archive-date=23 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323015043/http://www.wahalamedia.com/index.php/nikki-laoye-launches-qangel-4-lifeq-charity-project-and-her-notebook-line-qscribbles-by-nikki-laoyeq.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kungiya mai zaman kanta ta hanyar da take ba da jagoranci da kuma taimakawa wajen bunkasa fasahar kirkire-kirkire na ƙwararrun matasa masu ƙalubale na jiki  da kuma taimakawa wajen gudanar da aikin Kiɗa. Asibitin Gidan Modupe Cole na Masu fama da Jiki da Tunani, a Lagos, Nigeria. 

A watan Oktobar 2012, gidauniyar Laoye's Angel 4 Life, tare da hadin gwiwar kungiyar makafi ta Najeriya (Lagos Chapter, Nigeria) sun gudanar da bikin ranar farar fata ta duniya ta shekarar 2012, taron ya kunshi wani shiri na waka ga makafi da ba a kwance damarar kudi na tara gig a harabar gidan ba. Cibiyar Siyayya ta dabino a Lekki tare da tallafi daga masu shahara irin su Sammie Okposo, Funke Kuti, [[Tiwa Savage]], Dipp, Lamboginny da [[Kiki Omeili]] ; Tattakin Wayar da Kan Farin [[Rake]] da liyafar cin abincin rana domin murnar nasarori da samun 'yancin kai na dukkan masu nakasa a jihar Legas. 

A ranakun 25 ga Disamba 2012 da 2013, gidauniyar ta dauki nauyin bikin ranar [[Kirsimeti]] tare da Laoye da ke ba da tafiye-tafiye na yini da kuma jinya a cikin birnin Legas ga matasa masu fama da nakasa. Har ila yau, gidauniyar tana gudanar da aikin The Art in Me, wani yunƙuri na ƙarfafawa ga matasa masu ƙalubalen jiki. Tare da taimakon saitin makarantar horar da bankin Guaranty Trust, Angel 4 Life ya taimaka wajen gina cikakken aikin rikodin kiɗa don furodusa ƙalubale, Akeem a Modupe Cole Home, Yaba, Legas.

A cikin 2013, an ba Laoye lambar yabo ta 234mai bayarwa  don bayar da shawarwari da gudummawarta ga ci gaban zamantakewa da ilimi na ƙalubalen jiki a Najeriya. Kamfanin 234Give ne ya bayar da wannan lambar yabon, wani dandali ne na tara kudade ta yanar gizo na farko a Najeriya – kamfani da ya sadaukar da kansa don karfafawa daidaikun mutane da kamfanoni don tara kudade don ingantawa da kuma daukaka al’ummarsu.

== Hotuna ==
'''Albums na Studio'''

* ''Angel 4 Life'' (2008)
* ''The 123 Project'' (2014)

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Title
!Choreographer
!Director
|-
|2016
|&quot;Onyeuwaoma&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=VIDEO: Nikki Laoye X Banky W – Onyeuwaoma |url=http://notjustok.com/2016/04/14/video-nikki-laoye-x-banky-w-onyeuwaoma/ |access-date=22 April 2016 |website=NotJustOk.com |publisher=Lala Boy |archive-date=6 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506193222/http://notjustok.com/2016/04/14/video-nikki-laoye-x-banky-w-onyeuwaoma/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Nikki Laoye/Banky W
|Frizzle and Bizzle Films
|-
|2015
|&quot;African Dance&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nikki Laoye Singer drops new 'African Dance' video with Xblaze |url=http://pulse.ng/music/nikki-laoye-singer-drops-new-african-dance-video-with-xblaze-id3402990.html |access-date=12 January 2015 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=Joey Akan |archive-date=6 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506204939/http://pulse.ng/music/nikki-laoye-singer-drops-new-african-dance-video-with-xblaze-id3402990.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Temisan/Nikki Laoye
|Frizzle and Bizzle Films
|-
|2014
|&quot;123&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 April 2014 |title=New Video: Nikki Laoye – 123 |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/04/15/new-video-nikki-laoye-123/ |access-date=15 April 2014 |website=Bella Naija |publisher=BellaNaija}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Temisan/Nikki Laoye
|Frizzle and Bizzle Films
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2013
|&quot;Only You&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=VIDEO: Nikki Laoye – 'Only you' |url=http://thenet.ng/2013/11/video-nikki-laoye-only-you/ |access-date=27 November 2013 |website=The Net Newspaper |publisher=Osagie Alonge}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Nikki Laoye
|Shabach
|-
|&quot;Nigerian National Anthem&quot;
|
|EbonyLife Television
|-
|2010
|&quot;Taka Sufe (Remix)&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Video: Nikki Laoye ft Rooftop MCS &amp; Rap2Sai – Taka Sufe (Remix) |url=http://notjustok.com/2009/12/19/video-nikki-laoye-ft-rooftop-mcs-rap2sai-taka-sufe-remix/ |access-date=19 December 2009 |website=Notjustok.com |publisher=Ovie O |archive-date=21 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091221200729/http://www.notjustok.com/2009/12/19/video-nikki-laoye-ft-rooftop-mcs-rap2sai-taka-sufe-remix/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Nikki Laoye
|Frizzle and Bizzle Films
|-
|2007
|&quot;Never Felt This Way Before&quot;
|Nikki Laoye
|Clarence Peters
|}

== Ganewa da kyaututtuka ==
Ayyukan Laoye sun sami lambar yabo da yawa da yabo da suka hada da lambar yabo ta KORA Awards, HipHop World Awards  (yanzu Headies), Kyautar Kyautar Bidiyo na Music na Soundcity,  City People Entertainment Awards, NEA Awards (US),  Nigeria Kyautar Bidiyon Kiɗa (NMVA); Africa Gospel Music Awards (Birtaniya), Crystal Gospel Awards, Nigeria Gospel Music Awards (NGMA), da fasali na musamman akan MTVBase Advance Warning Reality TV Show.  An sanar da ita a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan jakadu na shahararrun agogon hannu, Ice Watch, a Najeriya.

A ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2013, an bayyana Laoye a matsayin wadda ta lashe lambar yabo ta Best Vocal Performance (Mace) don ballad ranta mai rai &quot;Only You&quot; a cikin wani fili mai karfi wanda ya hada da mawaƙa [[Waje]], Niyola, [[Seyi Shay]] da Zaina, a The Headies 2013 Bikin bayar da lambar yabo a birnin Lagos na Najeriya. 

A cikin Afrilu 2014, an bayyana Laoye a matsayin 'Muryar 'Yan Gudun Hijira' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 April 2014 |title=Singer Nikki Laoye Unveiled as the Voice for Refugees in Southwest Nigeria |url=http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2014/04/16/nigerian-singer-nikki-laoye-unveiled-as-the-voice-for-refugees-in-southwest-nigeria/ |access-date=26 June 2014 |website=HipHop World Magazine |archive-date=3 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503101142/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2014/04/16/nigerian-singer-nikki-laoye-unveiled-as-the-voice-for-refugees-in-southwest-nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, ta Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Kasa (NCFRMI). A wani bangare na rawar da take takawa a matsayinta na mashahuran mutane, ta fito a wasu tarurrukan da hukumar ta shirya domin fadakar da jama’a irin halin da ‘yan gudun hijira ke ciki da kuma ‘yan gudun hijira. Haka kuma ta bayar da gudunmawa ga wannan fanni da kuma taka rawar gani a lokuta da dama na goyon bayan wannan harka.

A ranar 21 ga Mayu, 2014, an zaɓi Laoye a cikin rukunin don Mafi kyawun Mawaƙin Bishara a Kyautar Mujallar Muzik ta Afirka (AFRIMMA) 2014. Bikin lambar yabo da aka gudanar a Cibiyar Eismann a Dallas, [[Texas]] akan 26 Yuli 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 May 2014 |title=AFRIMMA Nominees 2014 |url=http://afrimma.com/afrimma-nominees-2014/ |access-date=22 May 2014 |website=AFRIMMA |archive-date=23 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523180116/http://afrimma.com/afrimma-nominees-2014/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya a wannan watan, Laoye kuma an zabi shi a matsayin Mafi kyawun Mawaƙin Bishara na Shekara ta Nigerian Entertainment Awards (NEA). 

A ranar 20 ga Yuli, 2014, Laoye ya karɓi lambar yabo ta Crystal don Kyautar Waƙar Bauta don &quot; Kai kaɗai &quot; a lambar yabo ta 2014 Crystal Awards a Lagos, Nigeria.  An kuma zabe ta a matsayin gwarzuwar jarumar shekara da mafi kyawun mawakan mata a kyaututtukan.  A ranar 24 ga Agusta, 2014 a Fairfields Hall-Croydon, a London, Ingila, Laoye ta lashe lambar yabo ta 'Mace Na Shekara' a 2014 Africa Gospel Music Awards (AGMA).  Har ila yau, an zabe ta a matsayin 'Dan wasan kwaikwayo na shekara' (Afirka ta Yamma) a daidai wannan lambar yabo. 

A ranar 19 ga Agusta, 2015, Gidauniyar Hope ta Duniya ta ba Laoye lambar yabo ta ''Humanitarian of the Year'' don girmama ayyukanta na jin kai da kuma tunawa da ranar jin kai ta duniya ta 2015. 
 

=== Ganewar jin kai da kyaututtuka ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Organization
!Award
|-
|2013
|''234Give''
|234Giver Award for Advocacy and contribution to the Social and Educational Development of the Physically Challenged
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2015
|World Hope Foundation
|Humanitarian of the Year
|-
|''Project ASHA, UK''
|Honorary Award for Service to the Less Privileged
|-
|''Exquisite Lady of the Year (ELOY)''
|Special Recognition Award for Ladies who inspire in the Humanitarian/Charity /Community Work
|}

== Duba kuma ==

* List of Nigerian gospel musicians

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Haihuwan 1980]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nicole Payne</title>
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      <text bytes="4443" sha1="s2wargf2jog60wcvr5w3w5d8gdrfhqj" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:NC Courage vs Portland Thorns (Apr 2024) 037 (Payne).jpg|thumb|Nicole Payne]]
[[Fayil:NC Courage vs Portland Thorns (Apr 2024) 036.jpg|thumb|Nicole Payne a gefen dama]]
 

{{Databox}}

'''Nicole Oyeyemisi Payne''' (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2001) ƙwararriyar 'ƴar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya]] a kungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Ƙaya ta Portland Thorns, a matsayin aro daga kungiyar Première Ligue ta Paris Saint-Germain . An haife ta a Amurka, tana wakiltar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya|Najeriya]] a matakin  kasa.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Payne kuma ta girma a [[Alabama]]&quot; id=&quot;mwIw&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;[[Birmingham]], Alabama&quot;&gt;Birmingham, Alabama,  ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Oak Mountain a can.

== Ayyukan kwaleji ==
Payne ta halarci Jami'ar [[West Virginia]] a Morgantown, West Virginia  na tsawon shekaru uku (3), ta koma Jami'ar Kudancin California a shekara ta huɗu da ta ƙarshe.

== Ayyukan kulob din ==
Payne ya sanya hannu tare da Paris Saint-Germain na Division 1 Féminine na Faransa a watan Yulin shekara ta 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 July 2023 |title=Nicole Payne joins Paris Saint-Germain |url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/content/nicole-payne-signs-for-paris-saint-germain-until-2026 |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=Paris Saint-Germain}}&lt;/ref&gt; Farkon bayyananta (na hudu har zuwa yau ) ga PSG ta zo ne a matsayin mai maye gurbin a cikin nasarar 5-2 a kan Dijon FCO a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba shekara ta 2023,  tare da farawar ta na farko a ranar 20 ga Janairun shekara ta 2024 a cikin nasarar 8-1 a kan FC Girondins na Bordeaux.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 February 2024 |title=Nicole Payne loaned out to Portland Thorns FC |url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/content/nicole-payne-loaned-out-by-paris-saint-germain-to-portland-thorns-fc-2023-2024 |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=Paris Saint-Germain}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Nicole Payne Excited To Make Division One Féminine Debut With PSG |url=https://superfalconsshow.com/nicole-payne-excited-to-make-division-one-feminine-debut-with-psg/ |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=Super Falcons Show |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Portland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Portland Thorns FC |date=18 February 2024 |title=Thorns FC acquire defender Nicole Payne on loan from Paris Saint-Germain |url=https://www.timbers.com/thornsfc/news/thorns-fc-acquire-defender-nicole-payne-on-loan-from-paris-saint-germain |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=Portland Thorns FC |language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2024 an ba da ita ga Portland Thorns na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa don kakar 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;Portland&quot;/&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
An kira Payne zuwa tawagar kasa da shekaru 17 ta Amurka a shekarar 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=U-17 WNT to Face England Twice in Portland, Oregon - U.S. Soccer |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2017/08/15/22/17/20170815-news-u17wnt-to-face-england-u17-wnt-twice-in-portland-oregon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018184251/http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2017/08/15/22/17/20170815-news-u17wnt-to-face-england-u17-wnt-twice-in-portland-oregon |archive-date=18 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Payne ta fara buga wa [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya|Najeriya]] wasa a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 2021 a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 90 a cikin rashin nasara 0-1 a wasan sada zumunci da Jamaica.&lt;ref name=&quot;GSA-Debut&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Match Report of Jamaica vs Nigeria – 2021-06-10 – FIFA Friendlies – Women |url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/match/soccer/2021-06-10/jamaica-vs-nigeria/2375811/ |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=Global Sports Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
An haife ta ne a Birmingham, Alabama, ga iyayen Najeriya, Payne ita ce ƙanwar ƴan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa [[Toni Payne]] da Stephen Payne.  Ita da Yar'uwarta Toni sun yi wasa tare a cikin tawagar mata ta Najeriya.&lt;ref name=&quot;GSA-Debut&quot;/&gt;

== Daraja ==
'''Paris Saint-Germain'''

* Kofin Faransa: 2023-24 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 May 2024 |title=LE PSG PUISSANCE 4 |url=https://www.fff.fr/article/12448-le-psg-puissance-4.html |access-date=4 May 2024 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

== Haɗin waje ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Montserrat Ruiz</title>
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{{databox}}
'''Avelina Montserrat Conejo Ruiz''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Montserrat Conejo Ruiz (&quot;Conejo&quot;) {{!}} MMA Fighter Page |url=https://www.tapology.com/fightcenter/fighters/78224-montserrat-conejo-ruiz-toquinha |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Tapology |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1993) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Mexico wacce ke fafatawa a rukunin mata na Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).

== Tarihi ==
A lokacin da yake da shekaru 16, Ruiz ya fara yin gwagwarmayar Olympics a Técnica 1 a León, Guanajuato, daga baya ya zama zabin kasa, ya zauna na shekaru uku a Centro Nacional de Alto Rendimiento (CNAR) a Mexico City sannan ya yi tsalle zuwa MMA. Ta kasance zakara ta kasa sau 7 a Mexico. &lt;ref name=&quot;Background&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 March 2021 |title=Montserrat 'Conejo' Ruiz, en busca de hacer historia para México en el UFC |url=https://www.esto.com.mx/533207-montserrat-conejo-ruiz-busca-de-hacer-historia-para-mexico-ufc/ |access-date=17 March 2021 |website=ESTO |archive-date=17 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317204041/https://www.esto.com.mx/533207-montserrat-conejo-ruiz-busca-de-hacer-historia-para-mexico-ufc/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan zane-zane na mixed ==

=== Farkon aiki ===
Montserrat Ruiz ta fara aikinta na MMA a shekarar 2014 a Gladiators Coliseum, mai tallatawa a Mexico. Ta sami nasarar cin nasara a yaƙe-yaƙe tara a ƙarƙashin ci gaba daban-daban na MMA a Mexico kafin ta shiga da'irar Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sherdog.com |title=Montserrat |url=https://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Montserrat-Ruiz-175799 |access-date=2021-03-21 |website=Sherdog}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Invicta FC ===
Ruiz ta fara gabatar da ita ga Invicta FC a kan UFC vet Danielle Taylor a InvictaFC 33 a ranar 15 ga Disamba, 2018. Ta rasa yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bryan Tucker |date=December 15, 2018 |title=Invicta FC 33 Results: Frey vs. Grusander 2 |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2018/12/15/18141774/invicta-fc-33-results-frey-vs-grusander-2 |publisher=mmafighting.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan asarar Danielle, ta sami rauni wanda ya hana ta fita daga cikin kurkuku sama da shekara guda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 November 2020 |title=Montserrat Ruiz busca hacer revolución en Invicta FC |url=https://www.marca.com/claro-mx/otros-deportes/ufc/2020/11/20/5fb712ec46163f1d328b45ca.html |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=MARCA Claro México |language=es-MX}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin wasan kwaikwayonta na biyu, Ruiz ta fuskanci [[Janaisa Morandin]] a ranar 30 ga Yuli, 2020, a Invicta FC 41: Morandin vs. Ruiz . Ta lashe gasar da sauƙi ta hanyar zagaye na farko na takalmin riƙe maɓallin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bissell |first=Tim |date=31 July 2020 |title=Invicta FC 41 Results and Video: Montserrat Ruiz demolishes Janaisa Morandin |url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2020/7/31/21348049/invicta-fc-41-results-and-video-montserrat-ruiz-demolishes-janaisa-morandin-wmma-mma-results-news |access-date=17 March 2021 |website=Bloody Elbow |language=en |archive-date=17 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717125214/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2020/7/31/21348049/invicta-fc-41-results-and-video-montserrat-ruiz-demolishes-janaisa-morandin-wmma-mma-results-news |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruiz an shirya ta fuskanci [[Emily Ducote]] don gasar Invicta FC Strawweight Championship a InvictaFC 43, duk da haka a ranar taron, an soke yakin saboda kariya ta COVID. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Alexander K. |date=20 November 2020 |title=Invicta FC 43 loses main event due to COVID-19 precautions, Kayla Harrison debut moved to headliner |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2020/11/20/21579360/invicta-fc-43-loses-main-event-due-to-covid-19-precautions-kayla-harrison-debut-moved-to-headliner |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gasar Gwagwarmaya ta Ƙarshe ===
Ruiz ta fara UFC a matsayin mai maye gurbin Kay Hansen a kan Cheyanne Buys a ranar 20 ga Maris, 2021, a UFC a kan ESPN: Brunson vs. Holland . &lt;ref name=&quot;RuizIn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mike Heck and Damon Martin |date=2021-03-12 |title=With Kay Hansen out, Cheyanne Buys now meets fellow newcomer Montserrat Ruiz at UFC Vegas 22 |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2021/3/12/22327493/with-kay-hansen-out-cheyanne-buys-now-meets-fellow-newcomer-montserrat-ruiz-at-ufc-vegas-22 |access-date=2021-03-12 |publisher=mmafighting.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta lashe gasar ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya, ta ci gaba da Buys a matsayin kulle-kulle ga mafi yawan wasan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ruiz def. Buys&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=20 March 2021 |title=UFC Vegas 22 Results: Short Notice, No Problem as Montserrat Ruiz Tops Cheyanne Buys |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2021/03/20/ufc-vegas-22-results-montserrat-ruiz-vs-cheyanne-buys/ |access-date=21 March 2021 |website=Cageside Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruiz ta fuskanci Amanda Lemos a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 2021, a UFC a kan ESPN 26. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=DNA |first=MMA |date=2021-05-06 |title=Amanda Lemos vs. Montserrat Ruiz toegevoegd aan UFC evenement op 17 juli |url=https://mmadna.nl/amanda-lemos-vs-montserrat-ruiz-toegevoegd-aan-ufc-evenement-op-17-juli/ |access-date=2021-05-06 |website=MMA DNA |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruiz ya rasa yakin ta hanyar buga kwallo a zagaye na farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=2021-07-17 |title=UFC Vegas 31 Results: Amanda Lemos Drops Montserrat Ruiz Early |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2021/07/17/ufc-vegas-31-results-amanda-lemos-vs-montserrat-ruiz/ |access-date=2021-07-18 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruiz an shirya shi don fuskantar [[Mallory Martin]] a ranar 4 ga Disamba, 2021, a UFC a kan ESPN 31.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=DNA |first=MMA |date=2021-09-07 |title=Mallory Martin vs. Montserrat Ruiz toegevoegd aan UFC evenement op 4 december |url=https://mmadna.nl/mallory-martin-vs-montserrat-ruiz-toegevoegd-aan-ufc-evenement-op-4-december/ |access-date=2021-09-08 |website=MMA DNA |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya an tilasta Ruiz daga taron kuma Cheyanne Buys ta maye gurbin ta. 
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-11-16 |title=With Montserrat Ruiz out, Cheyanne Buys steps in to face Mallory Martin at UFC on ESPN 31 |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2021/11/montserrat-ruiz-out-cheyanne-buys-vs-mallory-martin-ufc-on-espn-31-fight-booking-women-mma |access-date=2021-12-05 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan shekaru 2 da aka sallame Ruiz ta fuskanci Jaqueline Amorim a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, 2023, a UFC a kan ESPN: Luque vs. dos Anjos . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ruiz vs. Amorim&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Arshad |date=2023-05-19 |title=Montserrat Ruiz Set to Return Against Jaqueline Amorim at UFC Vegas 78 |url=https://www.itnwwe.com/mma/montserrat-ruiz-v-jaqueline-amorim-ufc-vegas-78/ |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=www.itnwwe.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta rasa yakin ta hanyar buga kwallo a zagaye na uku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=2023-08-12 |title=UFC Vegas 78: Jaqueline Amorim Dominates, Finishes Returning Montserrat Ruiz |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2023/08/12/ufc-vegas-78-jaqueline-amorim-vs-montserrat-ruiz/ |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruiz ta fuskanci Eduarda Moura, ta maye gurbin So Yul Kim, a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2023, a UFC Fight Night 231. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-09-18 |title=Matchup Roundup: New UFC and Bellator fights announced in the past week (Sept. 11-17) |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/lists/ufc-bellator-fights-announcements-cards-september-11-17-2023 |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920122934/https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/lists/ufc-bellator-fights-announcements-cards-september-11-17-2023 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;A ma'auni, Moura ya auna a 119.5 fam, uku da rabi fam a kan iyakar gwagwarmayar da ba ta da lakabi. Yakin ya ci gaba da kama nauyi kuma an ci Moura tarar kashi 30% na jakarta wanda ya tafi Ruiz.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weigh in&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=2023-11-03 |title=UFC Fight Night 231 weigh-in results: Three miss marks in Sao Paulo, two fights scrapped |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2023/11/ufc-fight-night-231-jailton-almeida-vs-derrick-lewis-sao-paulo-brazil-weigh-in-results |access-date=2023-11-03 |publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta rasa yakin ta hanyar buga kwallo a zagaye na biyu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dewar |first=Val |date=2023-11-04 |title=UFC Sao Paulo: Weight-Misser Eduarda Moura Easily Bullies Montserrat Ruiz On Ground |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2023/11/04/ufc-sao-paulo-eduarda-moura-montserrat-ruiz/ |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu ==

=== Mixed martial arts ===

* '''Xtreme Fighters Latino'''
** Gasar Zakarun Zakarun XFL &lt;ref name=&quot;Background&quot;/&gt;
* '''MAX Fights'''
** MAX Fights Strawweight Championship &lt;ref name=&quot;Background&quot; /&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen zane-zane ==
{{MMArecordbox|draws=|nc=|ko-wins=3|sub-wins=2|dec-wins=5|ko-losses=3|sub-losses=|dec-losses=1|dq-wins=|dq-losses=|other-wins=|other-losses=}}{{MMA record start}}
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|align=center|10–4
|Eduarda Moura
|TKO (punches)
|[[UFC Fight Night: Almeida vs. Lewis]]
|{{dts|2023|November|04}}
|align=center|2
|align=center|2:14
|[[São Paulo]], Brazil
|{{Small|Catchweight (119.5 lb)	bout; Moura missed weight.}}
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|align=center|10–3
|Jaqueline Amorim
|TKO (elbows and punches)
|[[UFC on ESPN: Luque vs. dos Anjos]]
|{{dts|2023|August|12}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|3:41
|[[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States
|
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|align=center|10–2
|[[Amanda Lemos]]
|TKO (punches)
|[[UFC on ESPN: Makhachev vs. Moisés]] 
|{{dts|2021|July|17}}
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:35
|[[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center|10–1
|[[Cheyanne Vlismas]]
|Decision (unanimous)
|[[UFC on ESPN: Brunson vs. Holland]]
|{{dts|2021|March|20}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States
|
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 9–1
|[[Janaisa Morandin]]
| Submission (scarf hold armlock)
| [[List of Invicta FC events#Invicta FC 41: Morandin vs. Ruiz|Invicta FC 41: Morandin vs. Ruiz]]
| {{dts|2020|July|30}}
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:28
| [[Kansas City, Kansas]], United States
|{{Small|Performance of the Night.}}
|-
| {{no2}}Loss
| align=center|8–1
| [[Danielle Taylor (fighter)|Danielle Taylor]]
|Decision (unanimous)
|[[List of Invicta FC events#Invicta FC 33: Frey vs. Grusander II|Invicta FC 33: Frey vs. Grusander II]]
|{{dts|2018|December|15}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Kansas City, Missouri]], United States
|
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 8–0
| Sarai Saenz Flores
|Decision (unanimous)
| Xtreme Fighters Latino 36
| {{dts|2017.12.09}}
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| [[Mexico City]], Mexico
|{{Small|Won the XFL Strawweight Championship.}}
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 7–0
| Saray Orozco Rodriguez
| Decision (unanimous)
| The Art of Fighting: In Search of Glory
| {{dts|2017.09.02}}
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| [[Guadalajara]], Mexico
| 
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 6–0
| Jazmin Gonzalez
| TKO (punches)
| MAX Fights: Battle On The Beach
|{{dts|2016.06.11}}
|align=Center|1
|align=center|1:18
|[[Zihuatanejo]] Mexico
| {{Small|Won the MAX Fights Strawweight Championship.}}
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 5–0
| Pamela Gonzalez
| Submission (armbar)
|MMA Madness 6
|{{dts|2015.12.05}}
|align=center|2
|align=center|N/A
|[[Mexico City]], Mexico
|{{Small|Strawweight debut.}}
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 4–0
| Diana Reyes
| TKO (punches)
|Urban Fighting League 5
|{{dts|2015.02.28}}
|align=center|2
|align=center|3:28
|[[Cuautitlán Izcalli]], Mexico
| 
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 3–0
| Paulette Reyes Hernandez
| TKO (punches)
| Maximum Cage Fighting VIP 5
| {{dts|2014.10.18}}
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 3:03
| [[Mexico City]], Mexico
| 
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 2–0
| Annely Jimenez Garcia
| Decision (unanimous)
| Xtreme Kombat 25
| {{dts|2014.08.30}}
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| [[Mexico City]], Mexico
|
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 1–0
| Lucy Moreno Murillo
| Decision (split)
| Gladiators Coliseum 10
| {{dts|2014.03.30}}
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| [[León, Guanajuato|León]], Mexico
|{{Small|Flyweight debut.}}
{{End}}

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin mayakan UFC na yanzu
* Jerin mata masu zane-zane

== Haɗin waje ==

* Professional MMA record for Montserrat RuizdagaSherdog
* Montserrat RuizaUFC

== Manazarta ==
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Morravey</title>
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'''Daniella Ibinabo Daniel''' ; (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Maris 2004), wacce aka fi sani da '''Morravey''', mawaƙiya ce kuma mawaƙiya 'yar Najeriya. An fi saninta da fitowarta a waƙar [[Davido]] ta 2023 mai suna &quot; In the Garden ,&quot; wadda ta shiga cikin jerin manyan 100 na &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwHg&quot;&gt;TurnTable&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; . Ta sanya hannu tare da Sony Music Africa don fitar da wasanta na farko mai tsawo ''Ravi'' a wannan shekarar, wanda ya kai matsayi na talatin da uku a jadawalin manyan 50 na &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwIw&quot;&gt;TurnTable&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Michelle Ejiro |date=November 30, 2023 |title=Morravey's Journey To Long-Lasting Fame Is Just Beginning |url=https://themoveee.com/ravi-avouches-morraveys-versatility/ |access-date=October 2, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Daniella Ibinabo Daniel a ranar 13 ga Maris, 2004, a [[Port Harcourt]], [[Jihar Rivers]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dom Alonge |date=November 8, 2023 |title=49th Exclusive: Meet DMW's Diamond, Morravey |url=https://the49thstreet.com/49th-exclusive-meet-dmws-diamond-morravey/ |access-date=October 2, 2024 |website=The49thstreet}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce babbar 'yar'uwa biyar kuma 'yar farko ga iyayenta.  Tun tana ƙarama, Daniella ta fara yin wasa a wuraren taruka na gida, ƙungiyoyin mawaƙa na coci, da kuma ayyukan makaranta. 

== Sana'a ==

=== 2020 {{En dash}} 2023: Fara aiki da ''RAVI'' ===
Morravey ta fara aikinta na kiɗa a shekarar 2020 ta hanyar sanya murfin waƙoƙi a [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|shafukan sada zumunta]] .  A shekarar 2023, yayin da take yin aikin murfin, wata abokiyar ta yi rikodin ta a asirce kuma ta saka bidiyon makonni bayan haka ba tare da saninta ba.  Ba tare da sanin Morravey ba, bidiyon ya yaɗu sosai . Mawakiyar Najeriya [[Davido]] ta gano baiwarta ta hanyar bidiyon kuma daga baya ta ba ta kwangilar rikodi da [[Davido Music Worldwide|DMW]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adeayo Adebiyi |date=March 29, 2023 |title=Davido signs Morravey to DMW |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-signs-two-new-artists-to-dmw/ctxg90m |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330004905/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-signs-two-new-artists-to-dmw/ctxg90m |archive-date=30 March 2023 |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 31 ga Maris, 2023, Davido ta fitar da kundin waƙoƙinsa na huɗu na studio, ''Timeless'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aisha Salaudeen |last2=Larry Madowo |date=March 31, 2023 |title=Afrobeats superstar Davido drops new album 'Timeless' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/31/africa/davido-timeless-album-release-spc-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407110524/https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/31/africa/davido-timeless-album-release-spc-intl/index.html |archive-date=April 7, 2023 |access-date=1 October 2024 |publisher=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da Morravey a kan waƙar &quot;In the Garden&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Daniel |first=Wisdom |date=June 12, 2023 |title=Davido drops another masterpiece titled 'In The Garden' Featuring Morravey |url=https://xclusiveloaded.ng/music/davido-in-the-garden-ft-morravey-5/ |access-date=October 1, 2024 |website=Xclusive Loaded}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan haɗin gwiwar ya yi aiki a matsayin waƙar farko ta Morravey kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga haɓakarta zuwa shahara, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chukwuebuka |first=Mgbemena |date=June 12, 2023 |title=5 Times Davido Blew An Artist With A Feature |url=https://digimillennials.com/music/5-times-davido-blew-an-artist-with-a-feature/ |access-date=October 1, 2024 |website=Digimillennials}}&lt;/ref&gt; ta fara fitowa a lamba 83 a jadawalin TurnTable Top 100. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Uzoma |first=Ihejirika |date=April 11, 2023 |title=TurnTable Top 100: Davido's 'Timeless' Rules The Charts This Week |url=https://thenativemag.com/turntable-top-100-davido/ |access-date=October 27, 2024 |website=The Native}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan nasarar haɗin gwiwarta da Davido, Morravey ta yi zaman kai tsaye na &quot;Feel&quot; da &quot;In the Garden&quot; tare da Glitch Africa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BN |first=B |date=May 24, 2023 |title=Morravey Delivers Thrilling Performance on Glitch sessions |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2023/05/morravey-on-glitch-sessions/ |access-date=October 2, 2024 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 2023, ta fitar da wasanta na farko mai tsawo (EP), RAVI, tare da Davido. [1] [2] Adeayo Adebiyi ta Pulse Nigeria ta yaba wa EP a matsayin &quot;jawabi mai ƙarfi na niyya inda waƙar ke magana da kanta,&quot; tana mai da shi 7/10 kuma tana nuna shirye-shiryenta na shiga cikin manyan wasannin. [3] EP ta yi jadawalin waƙoƙin Apple Music a ƙasashe daban-daban, inda ta kai matsayi na 4 a Najeriya, lamba 6 a Kamaru, lamba 97 a Burtaniya, da lamba 33 a kan manyan waƙoƙin TurnTable 50. [4] [5] A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, an naɗa ta a matsayin sabuwar dokar Apple Music. [6] Daga baya ta fitar da bidiyon waƙar da aka yi amfani da ita don &quot;Magician&quot;, wata waƙa mai ban sha'awa daga waƙar farko ta EP, RAVI . [7]

=== 2024 {{En dash}} yanzu ===
A watan Mayu na 2024, ta fitar da bidiyon waƙar &quot;Condo&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BN |date=May 15, 2024 |title=Morravey Heats Up the Screen with &quot;Condo&quot; Music Video |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2024/05/morravey-condo-music-video/ |access-date=October 2, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga nan sai aka sake remix ɗin &quot;What is Love&quot;, wanda ya ƙunshi DJY Wagner Musiq, wanda aka fitar a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2024. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=A.M |date=September 5, 2024 |title=What Is Love (Remix) – Song by Djy Wagner Musiq &amp; Morravey |url=https://music.apple.com/in/song/what-is-love-remix/1767273574 |access-date=October 2, 2024 |website=NotJustOk }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 27 ga Satumba, Morravey ta fitar da waƙarta &quot;Ifineme&quot; ta hanyar Entertainment West Africa Limited. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2024 |title=Morravey delivers a passionate Ode to love in new Single &quot;Ifineme&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2024/10/morravey-drops-ifineme-lyric-video/ |access-date=October 2, 2024 |website=BellaNaija}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kevin Jasper |date=September 27, 2024 |title=Morravey releases double &quot;Ifineme&quot; and &quot;Upstandin&quot; |url=https://naijavibes.com/musics/morravey-releases-double-ifineme-and-upstandin/198219/ |access-date=October 2, 2024 |website=Naija Vibes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan kammala kwata mai nasara, an naɗa ta ɗaya daga cikin manyan mawakan ''Billboard'' {{'}} [[Afrobeats|Afrobeats Fresh Picks]] a ranar 30 ga Satumba, tare da fitattun mawakan Oxlade, [[Fireboy DML]], da Mofe. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muhsin al-Qazwini</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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'''Muhsin Baqir al-Musawi al-Qazwini,''' ( An haife shie a. 1951) marubuci ɗan ƙasar Iraqi ne, ɗan siyasa, marubuci, malamin kwaleji, kuma wanda ya kafa jami'ar Ahlul-Baiti a [[Karbala]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 October 2014 |title=Dr. Muhsin Baqir Muhammad-Salih al-Qazwini |url=https://abu.edu.iq/alqazwini |access-date=25 April 2020 |website=Ahl al-Bayt University |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sayyid Dr Muhsin al-Qazwini to al-Huda |url=http://www.alhodamag.com/index.php/post/320 |access-date=15 June 2020 |website=www.alhodamag.com |language=ar |archive-date=15 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615140213/http://www.alhodamag.com/index.php/post/320 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi al-Qazwini a [[Karbala]], daga sanannen iyalin addini na al-Qozwini. Mahaifinsa, Sayyid [[Baqir al-Qazwini]] malamin addini ne. Mahaifiyarsa ta fito ne daga kabilar Shammar ta Larabawa.

=== Ilimi ===
Ya girma a Iraki, kuma ya sami digiri na farko a 1974 daga Kwalejin Osol Aldeen a Jami'ar Baghdad . Tare da hauhawar matsin lamba daga mulkin Baathist, ya yi hijira zuwa [[Kuwaiti (ƙasa)|Kuwait]] a 1975, sannan zuwa [[Iran]] a 1977. Daga nan sai ya koma [[Lebanon]], kuma ya sami digiri na biyu da digiri daga Jami'ar Musulunci ta Imam al-Auzai a [[Beirut]] a 1992 da 1995 . 

=== Komawa Iraki ===
al-Qazwini ya koma [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] bayan mamayar Iraki ta 2003. A shekara ta 2004, ya zama memba na Coalition Provisional Authority kuma a shekara ta 2005, ya zama memba a kwamitin rubuta kundin tsarin mulki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Muhsin al-Qazwini: Innana Ka Qa'ima I'tiaf Murashaha Li Khawdh al-Intikhabat al-Muqbila Natahamal Mas'uliyat al-Taghyeer Nahw al-Afdhal |trans-title=Dr Muhsin al-Qazwini: We as a coalition that has been elected to wield the upcoming elections, hold responsibility for the change for better |url=http://www.siironline.org/alabwab/hewarat(06)/017.htm |access-date=15 June 2020 |website=www.siironline.org |language=ar }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 May 2020 |title=al-Iraq: Majlis al-Itihad Dharoorat Distooriya Wa Haja Muliha |trans-title=Iraq: The united assembly is a constitutional requirement and a dire need |url=https://www.raialyoum.com/index.php/%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%84%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a9/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |website=www.raialyoum.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jami'ar Ahl al-Bayt ==
al-Qazwini ya nemi fara jami'ar Musulunci, kuma ya yi hakan ta hanyar fara jami'a mai kama da juna a intanet a shekara ta 2000 a matsayin Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta [[Ahl al-Bayt|Ahl Al Bayt]].  Bayan mamayewar Iraki a shekara ta 2003, al-Qazwini ya koma Karbala, kuma a hankali na Ma'aikatar Ilimi Mafi Girma, ya sami nasarar sayen gini kuma ya kafa jami'a a ƙasa. A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, al-Qazwini ya sayi wani fili mai girman mita 7000, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 4 daga Masallacin Imam Hussein, kuma ya gina reshe na biyu don jami'ar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Interview with Dr Sayyid Muhsin al-Qazwini |url=http://www.alshirazi.net/leqaat/leghaat/legha/01.htm |access-date=15 June 2020 |website=www.alshirazi.net |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan motsi ya ba da damar fadada jami'ar kuma ya ga bude wasu fannoni da yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Ayyuka ==

=== Littattafai ===
al-Qazwini ya wallafa littattafai 16, wasu daga cikinsu sun hada da:

* Dokar Imam Ali (1973) 
* Yanayin Manzo (1992) 
* Tattalin Arziki a Nahj al-Balagha (1997) 
* Juyin Juya Halin Imam Husayn (2000) 

=== Takardun ===
al-Qazwini yana da takardun kimiyya da bincike sama da 30 a kan kimiyyar Islama, dokoki da siyasa da aka buga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jami'ar Ahl al-Bayt
* Iyalin al-Qazwini
* Nahj al-Balagha

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* Jaridu ta al-Qazwini ta ''Jaridu na Kimiyya na Iraqi'' (a cikin Larabci) 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nnamdi Ezechi</title>
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'''Nnamdi Ezechi''' ɗan siyasan [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ne. A halin yanzu mamba ne mai wakiltar Ndokwa East/Ndokwa West/Ukwuani Federal Constituency a [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Ezechi-Nnamdi-1807 |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=orderpaper.ng |archive-date=2024-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227170251/https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Ezechi-Nnamdi-1807 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/nnamdi-ezechi |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Green Chamber Nigeria - The 10th Assembly, Nigeria House of Representatives |url=https://thegreenchamber.ng/public/directory/details/114 |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=thegreenchamber.ng |archive-date=2024-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227170251/https://thegreenchamber.ng/public/directory/details/114 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Nnamdi Ezechi a ranar 19 ga watan Agustan 1983 a [[Cross River|jihar Cross River]]. Ya fito daga [[Delta (jiha)|jihar Delta]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Aikin siyasa ==
A shekarar 2023, an zaɓe shi a ƙarƙashin [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam'iyyar]] PDP a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar Ndokwa ta Gabas/Ndokwa West/Ukwuani Federal Constituni, wanda ya gaji Ossai Nicholas Ossai. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nicholas Mutu</title>
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{{Databox}}

'''Nicholas Mutu Ebomo''' ɗan siyasan [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ne. A halin yanzu mamba ne mai wakiltar mazaɓar Bomadi/Patani a [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Mutu-Nicholas-Ebomo-1766 |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=orderpaper.ng |archive-date=2025-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250316034725/https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Mutu-Nicholas-Ebomo-1766 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=https://www.nass.gov.ng/mps/single/334 |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=www.nass.gov.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Nicholas Mutu a ranar 15 ga watan Yunin 1960 kuma ya fito ne daga [[Delta (jiha)|jihar Delta]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Aikin siyasa ==
Ya riƙe muƙamin shugaban ƙaramar hukumar Bomadi daga shekarun 1996 zuwa 1997. A shekarar 1999 aka zaɓe shi a ƙarƙashin [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar PDP a matsayin ɗan majalisar tarayya mai wakiltar mazaɓar]]  Bomadi/Patani, kuma ya kasance ɗan majalisar tarayya har zuwa yau. Baya ga kasancewarsa Shugaban [[Hukumar Raya Neja Delta|Kwamitin Majalisar Dokokin Neja Delta]] (NDDC) daga shekarun 2009 zuwa 2019, ya kuma yi aiki a wasu kwamitoci da dama. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Legislator Details - ConsTrack Track and Report on Governement Funded Projects in Nigeria |url=https://www.constrack.ng/legislator_details?id=85 |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=www.constrack.ng |archive-date=2024-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228233316/https://www.constrack.ng/legislator_details?id=85 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Delta]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Olusola Steve Fatoba</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>829114</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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'''Olusola Gbadura Steve Fatoba''' ya kasance ɗan siyasan [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ne. Mamba ne mai wakiltar mazaɓar Ado Ekiti/Irepodun-Ifelodun a [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/gbadura-olusola-steve-fatoba-1 |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Fatoba-Olusola-Steve-Gbadura-1958 |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=orderpaper.ng }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da aikin siyasa ==
An haifi Olusola Steve Fatoba a ranar 10 ga watan Oktoba 1967 kuma ta fito ne daga [[Ekiti|jihar Ekiti]]. A shekarar 2019, ya gaji Sunday Oladimeji aka zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan majalisar tarayya. An sake zaɓen sa a shekarar 2023 a karo na biyu a ƙarƙashin [[All Progressives Congress|jam’iyyar All Progressive Congress]] (APC). Ya taɓa zama Kansila mai kula da ayyuka, ƙaramar hukumar Ado, Ekiti. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/85 |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=nass.gov.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oluwatimehin Adelegbe</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>829167</id>
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'''Oluwatimehin Emmanuel Adelegbe''' (an haife shi ranar 5 ga watan Maris, 1962) ɗan siyasan kasar [[Najeriya]] ne mai wakiltar mazaɓar Owo/Ose na tarayya a [[Ondo (jiha)|jihar Ondo]]. Ɗan jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC) ne kuma yana aiki a majalisar wakilai ta ƙasa ta 10. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/adelegbe-emmanuel-oluwatimehin |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=undefined candidate data for 2023 - Stears Elections |url=https://www.stears.co/elections/candidates/adelegbe-oluwatimehin-emmanuel/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.stears.co |archive-date=2025-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250106111734/https://www.stears.co/elections/candidates/adelegbe-oluwatimehin-emmanuel/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Legislator Details - ConsTrack Track and Report on Governement Funded Projects in Nigeria |url=https://www.constrack.ng/legislator_details?id=1368 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.constrack.ng }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Adelegbe-Oluwatimehin-Emmanuel-3364 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=orderpaper.ng }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]]
[[Rukuni:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Obua Azibapu Fred</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>90562</id>
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      <id>829001</id>
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'''Obua Azibapu Fred''' ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne kuma ƙwararre mai binciken yawan jama'a wanda ya zama wakilin mazaɓar [[Ogbia]] a [[Bayelsa|jihar Bayelsa]] a lokacin zaman [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai ta ƙasa]] karo na 9 daga shekarun 2019 zuwa 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=undefined candidate data for 2023 - Stears Elections |url=https://www.stears.co/elections/candidates/obua-azibapu-fred/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.stears.co }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/5fe0faff8da2d812a6c7b78a |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Legislator Details - ConsTrack Track and Report on Governement Funded Projects in Nigeria |url=https://constrack.ng/legislator_details?id=52 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=constrack.ng }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nazifi Sani</title>
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      <id>828941</id>
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      <text bytes="2056" sha1="83eiv19f5wwcb0ani7d899sipe0yp4m" xml:space="preserve">'''Nazifi Sani Gumel''' ɗan siyasan [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ne. A halin yanzu mamba ne mai wakiltar mazaɓar Gagarawa/Gumel/Maigatari/Sule Tankarkar a [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai ta]] tarayya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/nazifi-sani |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Sani-Nazifi-2304 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=orderpaper.ng }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/183 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=nass.gov.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 An haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta 1980, ya fito ne daga [[Jigawa|jihar Jigawa]] kuma ya yi karatun digiri na biyu. A shekarar 2019 aka zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan majalisar wakilai. An sake zaɓen shi a shekarar 2023 a karo na biyu a ƙarƙashin inuwar [[All Progressives Congress|jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress]] (APC). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/nazifi-sani |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Sani-Nazifi-2304 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=orderpaper.ng }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/183 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=nass.gov.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]]
[[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Jigawa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nicolas Vatomanga</title>
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    <id>91100</id>
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'''Nicolas Vatomanga Andrianaivo Rakotovao''' (an haife shi 24 Satumba 1975), wanda aka sani da Nicolas Vatomanga saxophonist ne na Malagasy, mawaƙin sarewa, mawaƙa kuma mawaki. Waƙarsa ta haɗa abubuwa na jazz, blues da kiɗan gargajiya na Madagascar, waɗanda suka haɗa da: hira gasy na Cibiyar, beko daga Kudu da kuma siyar da daga Arewacin Babban Tsibirin.

An kuma san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin magada&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Clairefeuille Sylvie, &quot;The sodina&quot; Afrisson'',''May 12, 2007&quot;. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved November 3, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; na al'adar sarewa na malagsy da kuma babban ubangidanta na ƙarshe: Rakoto Frah (Philibert Rabezoza Rakoto).&lt;ref&gt;[1]&quot;Death of flutist Rakoto Frah&quot; in''Liberation'', &quot;Culture&quot;, October 3, 2001, daily&lt;/ref&gt;

Nicolas Vatomanga ya taka leda da/ko yin rikodin a Turai, Afirka (Senegal da Madagascar), haka nan a cikin Amurka tare da: Miriam Makeba, Rakoto Frah, Paco Sery, Eric Le Lann, Regis Gizavo, Solorazaf, Lionel Loueke, Mokhtar Samba , Tony Rabeson, Serge Rahoerson, Linley Marthe, Idrissa Diop, Hanitra Ranaivo, Silo Andrianandraina da kuma Jaojoby Eusèbe. Joe Zawinul ne ya gayyace shi don ya taka leda a wurin wakokinsa a Parc Floral Paris 2002, amma ya kasa girmama gayyatar.

Tun 2004, ya rayu kuma ya yi wasa a Madagascar, inda ya kirkiro &quot;Vatomanga Band&quot; wanda ya fito a karon farko a cikin nau'i hudu a lokacin bikin Madajazzcar 2005 kuma a hankali ya kara girma zuwa septet bayan 2010. A 2011, band din ya dauki sunan. MadaJazz.&lt;ref&gt;http://madajazz.com/index.php?pn=musiciens&amp;l=fr&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
'''Rayuwar farko'''

Vatomanga ya fara da kiɗan gargajiya tun yana ɗan shekara huɗu a Cibiyar Ilimin Kiɗa ta ƙasa (CNEM) a Antananarivo, Madagascar. Mrs Alisera da Seta Ramaroson Andrianary (masu sana'a, saxophonist da mawaki) sun koyar da shi, manyan malamai a wurin.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Music Campus opens at UDSM with great expectations&quot;. Archived from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Zabar sarewa a matsayin kayan aikin sa na farko, Vatomanga ya ci gaba da horo tare da Seta a Cercle Germano-Malagasy (CGM) na Antananarivo.

Yaro mai girman kai, ya yi piano yana da shekara takwas kuma yana wasa akai-akai a cikin kide-kide na gargajiya (NCCM, CGM) tun yana shekara goma. Mahaifiyarsa, ya yi iƙirarin, tana da babban tasiri akan ɗanɗanonsa da sha'awar kiɗa: kiɗan gargajiya, blues, bishara da kiɗan Malagasy na gargajiya (kamar hira gasy, Kalon'ny Fahiny, Ny Antsaly, Rakotozafy da Rakoto Frah a cikin musamman); ta koyi wasa valiha (Malagasy bamboo zither) lokacin da ya fara sarewa.

'''Jazz'''

Lokacin da yake da shekaru goma sha huɗu, a gayyatar Seta, Vatomanga ya halarci wani wasan kide-kide da saxophonist Ba'amurke da mawaƙin asalin Caribbean, TK Blue (Talib Kibwe) suka bayar. Bayan wasan kwaikwayo, ya koya game da sarewa, daga kunne da zuciya, jigo da solo na &quot;Pinnacle of Joy&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5wBG11R39Oc&lt;/ref&gt; na kundi na Misira Oasis (1987) na jazzmen na Amurka. Saboda haka, ya yanke shawarar koyon saxophone da sabon nau'i na magana a gare shi: kiɗan da aka inganta. Seta, shi ma masanin jazz saxophonist&lt;ref&gt;Annick Sedson, &quot;Seta Ramaroson duet with Raphael Sudan&quot;, in the ''new'', August 16, 2011 [2] &lt;sup&gt;[''dead link'']&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, ya koya masa abubuwan jazz, musamman daidaitawa na ingantawa.

Silo Andrianandraina (kuma matashin Malagasy jazzman), abokinsa daga aji na biyu a makarantar sakandare, Vatomanga ya saurare kuma ya bincika duniyar jazz, musamman ta hanyar ayyukan Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, George Shearing, Oscar Peterson, Sonny. Rollins, Stan Getz, Bill Evans, McCoy Tyner, Herbie Hancock, Wayne Shorter, Joe Zawinul da John Coltrane. &quot;Trane&quot; musamman ya zama babban tasiri. Dangane da tushensa na Afirka, ya saurari jazz na Afirka ta Kudu, gami da Makeba, Hugh Masekela da Bheki Mseleku.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Bheki Mseleku, South African Jazz Pianist,&quot; in ''The Independent'', 16 September 2008, daily&lt;/ref&gt;

Yana da shekaru goma sha biyar, ya fara koyon saxophone a cikin wata ƙungiya tare da Solomiral, ƙungiyar Antananarivo jazz fusion band, sannan ba tare da izini ba tare da Toty Band da kuma ƙungiyar kiɗan gargajiya daga Kudancin Madagascar, Tsimihole. A cikin 1992, ya halarci bikin Madajazzcar na farko, tare da rakiyar ƙungiyar da aka kirkira don bikin.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Yahoo! Groupes&quot;. Fr.groups.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bassist Olver &quot;Toty&quot; Andriamampianina ya zama mai ba da shawara na biyu na Vatomanga. Seta da Toty sun ba shi kwarin gwiwa akai-akai don ci gaba da aikin kiɗa. A cikin shekarun karatunsa na BSc, ya halarci kulob din Jazz na Mahamasina, wanda mawakin pian ne kuma mawaki Sammy Andriamanoro ya kafa.&lt;ref&gt;Anjara Rasoanaivo, &quot;Sammy Andriamanoro: a musical genius full of humility&quot; in Midi Madagasikara '''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'August 7, 2009, daily [3]'''&lt;/ref&gt; Sammy ya koya masa ka'idojin jazz tsawon shekara guda.

Bayan ya sami BSc a 1993, Vatomanga ya shiga cikin ilimin lissafi a Jami'ar Aix-Marseille III (Faransa) kuma ya kammala karatun shekaru biyu, yayin da yake ci gaba da kiɗan sa. A 1994 ya ci jarrabawar shiga jami'a a Conservatoire d'Aix-en-Provence inda ya karanta jazz na shekara guda, tare da lissafi. A wannan lokacin, ya sadu da Alain &quot;Belain&quot; Rabeson, dan uwansa Tony Rabeson.

Bassist, mai buga ganga da malamin jazz, Belain ya gayyace shi don yin wasa a ƙungiyar sa ta Bossa Nova da Samba. Belain tare da rakiyar ganguna, a cikin 1995 ya shiga Conservatoire à Rayonnement Régional de Marseille - sashen jazz - inda ya yi karatu na shekara guda.

A karkashin kocin Belain, a cikin 1996 ya shiga Makarantar Kiɗa na Zamani ta Amurka &lt;ref&gt;&quot;American School of Modern Music&quot;. Archived from the original on October 7, 2011. Retrieved November 3, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; na Paris (haɗin gwiwar Kwalejin Kiɗa na Berklee) inda ya rufe kwas a cikin shekaru uku maimakon biyar. A can, ya zurfafa basirarsa wajen tsarawa, tsarawa da gudanarwa. A cikin shekara ta biyar, ya sami gurbin karatu don ci gaba da shekara ta ƙarshe a Berklee, amma ya ƙi. A wannan makaranta ya hadu da wani Ba’amurke wanda ya kammala makaranta, Lionel Loueke da masanin kida da ƙware a Madagascar: Victor Randrianary.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Victor Randrianary&quot;. Archived from the original on March 31, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Jazz da Kiɗa na Duniya (1999-2004)'''

Tare da karatunsa na kiɗa a birnin Paris, an gayyaci matashin ɗan wasan saxophonist don yin wasa a cikin rukuni na uku na mashahurai Tony Rabeson da trumpeter Eric Le Lann &lt;ref&gt;According to his biography, Eric Le Lann played in trio with Tony and Rabeson Cesarius Alvim in 1993 [4]&lt;/ref&gt; tare da wanda ya fara taka leda a Duc des Lombards a 1998. Wadannan musayar tare da Tony Rabeson sun rufe nasa. horar da kiɗa. A wannan lokacin, ya buga wasan jam tare da Serge da Nivo Rahoerson a cikin gidan abinci na Jazz Club The Arbuci a St. Germain a cikin Latin Quarter. Ya kuma taka leda tare da bassist Sylvain Marc. 

Bayan karatunsa na kiɗa, a cikin tsawon shekaru biyar daga 1999 da 2004, ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin ɗan wasa. Ya sadu da mawallafin kita &quot;Solorazaf&quot; Solo Razafindrakoto, sa'an nan kuma gitar jagorar Miriam Makeba. I &lt;ref&gt;https://archive.today/20120714234340/http://solorazaf.e-monsite.com/rubrique,biography,320580.html&lt;/ref&gt; Ya raka mawaƙin Afirka ta Kudu kuma ya halarci wasan kwaikwayo na 2002 a Olympia.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Miriam Makeba: the grande dame at the Olympia &quot;in Afrik.com'',''May 27, 2000 [5]&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kuma yi aiki tare da mawaƙin Malagasy Hanitra kuma ya raka ta a Jazz à Vannes 2000 Festival.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Vannes Jazz Festival&quot;, in ''The Telegram'', Brest, 7 August 2000&lt;/ref&gt; Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da Mossan na Mokhtar Samba, yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a 2001 Nice Jazz Festival kuma ya shiga ƙarƙashin sunan Nicolas Rakoto akan kundin sa na 2005 Dounia tare da Régis Gizavo. 

Vatomanga ya raka daban-daban na Malagasy na kasa da kasa da shugabannin mawakan Afirka, kamar Clement &quot;Kilema&quot; Randriantoandro-wanda ya yi wa kundin 1999 Ka Malisa&lt;ref&gt;http://musique.fnac.com/a760854/Kilema-Ka-malisa-CD-album&lt;/ref&gt; tare da Justin Vali, Erick Manana, Regis Gizavo da Rakoto Frah. Tare da shi, ya shiga cikin jerin rikodi waɗanda suka haifar da kundi na Chants et Dances en Imerina (2000), &lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot&lt;/ref&gt; da Madagascar: Pays Merina (2001).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.greatsong.net/ALBUM-MADAGASCAR,MADAGASCAR-PAYS-Merina,110631329.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-01-12 |archive-date=2016-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527055738/http://www.greatsong.net/ALBUM-MADAGASCAR,MADAGASCAR-PAYS-MERINA,110631329.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan aikin shi ne album na karshe na Rakoto Frah kafin rasuwarsa a shekara ta 2001. Vatomnga ya yi wasa da mawakin Senegal Idrissa Diop yayin wani rangadi a Dakar inda ya gano wakokin Senegal. Ya kuma fito a kan Germain &quot;Rajery&quot; Randrianarisoa's album na 2001 Fanamby.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;''Fanamby''&quot;. Archived from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshe, Vatomanga ya shiga bassist Julio Rakotonanahary (wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Wa Zimba) tare da wanda ya yi rikodin albam na 2003 Mande Wazy.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?pid=6678141&lt;/ref&gt;

Bude ga kowane nau'i na zane-zane, ya yi abokantaka da sanannen sculptor kuma mawaki Jonny &quot;R'afa&quot; Andriamanankoavy, &lt;ref&gt;Hram, &quot;Jonny R'afa: an artist rediscovered&quot; in ''Madagascar''Tribune, October 20, 2007, daily 2461.htmlArchived April 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ya rubuta wasu daga cikin abubuwan Andriamanankoavy &lt;ref&gt;http://tononkira.serasera.org/media/tononkira/o/nicolas_et_jonny.jpg&lt;/ref&gt; - kamar yadda ya sadu da marubuci Michèle Rakotoson tare da shi sau da yawa. hadin gwiwa.&lt;ref&gt;Ratsara D., &quot;Rakotoson-Vatomanga in symbiosis&quot;, In ''L'Express de Madagascar,''June 7, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Tushen Malagasy (2004 - yau)'''

A shekara ta 2004, saboda sha'awar komawa Madagascar, Vatomanga ya koma Antananarivo. Ya taka leda a cikin ƙungiyoyin gida na kowane nau'i, amma bai taɓa musun ainihin sa ba: haɓakawa. 

A yayin balaguron balaguron sa na cikin gida, Vatomanga yayi wasa da yin rikodi tare da Silo Andrianandraina (jazz &amp; jazz na duniya), Eusèbe Jaojoby (salegy) wanda ya raka shi akan kundin 2001Aza Arianao, &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Aza Arianao&quot;. Archived from the original on March 31, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Ghomy Rahamefy (jazz kyauta), &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Trio Rahamefy G.-N. Vatomanga-M. Fiaindratovo&quot; in Koolsaina'',''March 23, 2005 [6] Archived April 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt; Solo Andrianasolo ( jazz &amp; duniya jazz), Fanja Andriamanantena (jazz &amp; jazz na duniya), Jackie Ralph (duniya) jazz), &quot;Hajazz&quot; Haja Rasolomahatratra (jazz na duniya) Sauran ayyukan album sun haɗa da Melo Gasy tare da Fanaiky Rasolomahatratra (jazz na duniya) (2008) &lt;ref&gt;http://tattum.canalblog.com/archives/2007/11/29/7061031.html&lt;/ref&gt; da Goma (2011),&lt;ref&gt;&quot;''Goma''&quot;. Archived from the originalon April 7, 2012. Retrieved November 5,2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Hazolahi (Music South East), ko Social Social Rukunin Fusion (jazz na duniya) da Rajery (duniya). 

An nuna Vatomanga, tare da dozin Malagasy jazzmen, akan kundi na Malagasy Jazz Social Club: Mada In Blue (2008)&lt;ref&gt;http://www.ieditions.com/index.php?section=2&amp;category=30&amp;id=musicimg{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda Boussat da Arly Rajaobelina suka qaddamar. Yana yin abubuwa guda biyu na nasa.

'''Bandleader'''

A shekara ta 2005, Vatomanga ya ƙirƙiri &quot;Vatomanga Band&quot;, wanda tare da shi ya bayyana akai-akai a kulake da kuma bikin kasa da kasa na Madajazzcar.&lt;ref&gt;Daddy R. Rindra &amp; R., &quot;19th Madajazzcar: The Young Won&quot;, in ''Madagascar''Tribune, October 9, 2008, daily [7]&lt;/ref&gt; Ya horar da matasa mawakan Malagasy a jazz da sauran wakokin zamani. 

Ƙungiyar ta haɓaka tare da haɓaka ƙwararrun matasa, ciki har da Mahatozo Ravelonjaka, wanda ya shiga ƙungiyar bayan ya lashe Gasar Jazz ta Farko ta Kasa wanda Malagasy Jazz Radio RLI ta shirya a 2005 yana da shekaru 23 da Joel “Rabesl” Rabesolo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ccac.mg/spip.php?article133 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-01-12 |archive-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425132754/http://www.ccac.mg/spip.php?article133 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ya shiga bayan ya ci nasara iri ɗaya. gasar a shekarar 2006.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Jazz in Madagascar: a half century&quot;, in Music,''Madagascar'', 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2011, Vatomanga da ƙungiyarsa, tare da haɗin gwiwar marubuci Michèle Rakotoson, sun taka rawar gani wajen ƙirƙirar &quot;Slam Jazz Project&quot;, &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Slamjazz Projekt: words and music in combination&quot; in ''The 'Express de Madagascar'', March 28, 2011&lt;/ref&gt; sabon nau'in fasaha wanda ya haɗu da ingantaccen waƙa (Slam) tare da ingantaccen Jazz. A wannan shekarar, Vatomanga Septet ya ɗauki sabon sunan MadaJazz.

'''Yan kungiyar'''

* 2005 zuwa 2007: &quot;Vatomanga Quartet&quot;: Mahatozo Ravelonjaka (keyboard), Henintsoa Andriamasimanana (bass), Miora Rabarisoa (ganguna) da Nicolas Vatomanga (soprano, alto da tenor saxophone; sodina sarewa). 
* 2008 zuwa 2009: &quot;Vatomanga Quintet&quot;: Joel &quot;Rabesl&quot; Rabesolo (guitar), Mahatozo Ravelonjaka (keyboard), Miora Rabarisoa (ganguna), Henintsoa Andriamasimanana (bass) da Nicolas Vatomanga (soprano / alto / tenor sax), flute so. 
* 2010: &quot;Vatomanga Septet&quot;: Joel &quot;Rabesl&quot; Rabesolo (guitar), Mahatozo Ravelonjaka (keyboard), Miora Rabarisoa (ganguna), Henintsoa Andriamasimanana (bass), Ludovic (bass), Kim's (keyboard) andriantiana &quot;Nata&quot; Andrian ) da Nicolas Vatomanga (soprano / alto / tenor, sarewa sodina). 
* 2011: Septet ya zama &quot;MadaJazz&quot;, tare da: Joël &quot;Rabesl&quot; Rabesolo (guitar), Miora Rabarisoa (ganguna), Mika &quot;Kim's&quot; Rajaonarivelo (bass), Ludovic &quot;Dovs&quot; Rakotondraina (keyboard) andriantiana &quot;Nata&quot; Andrianantenana ), Laurent Amoric (percussion) da Nicolas Vatomanga (soprano/alto/tenor sax, sodina sarewa) (wanda ke nuna: Panayotis Dourantonis, congas, don Slam Jazz Projekt)

'''Magana'''

* “Waƙa babbar tafiya ce wadda a lokacin da kuke cikin bincike akai-akai.&quot; (Tattaunawa a Jazz Radio RLI) 
* &quot;Har yanzu ana ganin kiɗan jazz a Madagascar duka na hermetic da elitist: batawa ruhun jazz ɗin kansa ba ne.&quot; ba Sharhi

== Fina-finai ==
'''A matsayin mawaƙi da / ko hira'''

* 2009: Malagasy Jazz Social Club: In Mada Blue (DVD) - Harmonia Mundi 
* 2009: Madagascar: generation jazz (T. Rasoanaivo documentary film) 
* 2010: Madajazzcar 2008 - Digital Development Communication.

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1975]]</text>
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    <title>Nishaɗi na dare na Afirka</title>
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'''''Nishaɗin Dare na Afirka''''' labari ne na almara wanda aka yi a shekara ta 1962 na marubucin [[Ɗan Nijeriya|ɗan Najeriya]] [[Cyprian Ekwensi]] .  &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=An African Night's Entertainment |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/9232697-an-african-night-s-entertainment |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=www.goodreads.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-09-24 |title=Remebering [sic] Cyprian Ekwensi And His Phenomenal Works |url=https://guardian.ng/life/748052/ |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-09-24|title=Remebering [sic] Cyprian Ekwensi And His Phenomenal Works|url=https://guardian.ng/life/748052/|access-date=2021-08-20|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Makirci ==
An tsara littafin ne a [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]] kuma wani tsohon mai ba da labari ne ya rawaito shi. ya ba da labarin Abu Bakir da neman daukar fansa bayan Zainobe, yarinyar da aka aura masa da soyayyar rayuwarsa, ta auri Mallam Shehu, wani hamshakin attajiri mai bukatar yaro. Mallam Shehu da Zainobe suna da ɗa mai suna Kyauta.&lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=An African Night Entertainment|url=http://adeboyefa.blogspot.com/201903an-african-nights-entertainment-by.html?m=1|website=Adeboyefa blogspot}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abu ya lashi takobin daukar fansa tare da yawo a garuruwa da kauyuka da dama (rasa ido da kunne a cikin lamarin) domin ya samu kayan da yake bukata na laya don yin banza. A karshe ya yi nasarar yin wannan fara'a kuma ya yi amfani da ita a kan Kyauta, wanda ya rikide ya zama dan daba na sociopathic wanda a karshe ya kashe mahaifinsa. Bayan wani lokaci, Abu da kanshi Kyauta ya kashe shi bayan sakamakon laya ya kare masa.

== Jigogi ==
Manyan jigogi a cikin littafin sun haɗa da sha'awa, ɗaukar fansa da auren yara . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=An African Night's Entertainment |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/9232697-an-african-night-s-entertainment |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=www.goodreads.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/9232697-an-african-night-s-entertainment &quot;An African Night's Entertainment&quot;]. ''www.goodreads.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-08-20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=An African Night Entertainment |url=http://adeboyefa.blogspot.com/201903an-african-nights-entertainment-by.html?m=1 |website=Adeboyefa blogspot }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rigima ==
Littafin ya ci karo da cece-kuce daban-daban a lokacin da ake zargin marubucin littafin nan [[Cyprian Ekwensi]] da buga wani littafi mai suna [[Jikin Magayi]] a shekara ta alif dari tara da talatin da hudu 1934 da Rupert East da [[John Tafida Umaru]] ya rubuta a cikin harshen Hausa amma ya kare shi yana mai cewa labarinsa ne na tatsuniyar da wani tsohon malamin Hausa ya taba fada masa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=African Writing Online; Tribute; Remembering Cyprian Ekwensi by Amanze Akpuda |url=https://www.african-writing.com/hol/amanzeakpuda.htm |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=www.african-writing.com |archive-date=2021-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210315005834/https://www.african-writing.com/hol/amanzeakpuda.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-01-18 |title=Could This Be Literary Fraud? Dissecting Cyprian Ekwensi's An African Night Entertainment And John Tafida's Jiki Magayi By Ibrahim Musa |url=http://saharareporters.com/2016/01/18/could-be-literary-fraud-dissecting-cyprian-ekwensi%E2%80%99s-african-night-entertainment-and-john |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=Sahara Reporters}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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Nyaradzo 'Nyari' Mashayamombe 'yar kasar Zimbabwe ce mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama, 'yar kasuwan yada labarai, kuma mawakiya kuma mawakiyar afro-jazz na wani lokaci. [ana ruwan hujja] [citation need] Ita ce shugabar zartarwa ta Tag A Life International Trust (TaLI), wata kungiya mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata da 'yan mata da karfafa gwiwa a Zimbabwe.[1] Nyari kuma shine wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na Identities Media Holdings, [2] kamfani ne wanda ke samar da abun ciki wanda aka nuna akan gidan talabijin na kasa daya tilo na kyauta a Zimbabwe (ZBC TV) da kuma kan kafofin watsa labarun. A matsayin mai yin rikodi, Nyari ya fitar da kundi guda uku.[3]

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
Nyari tana da digiri na Master of Science a Nazarin Ci Gaban daga Jami'ar Mata a Afirka . 

Ita ce darakta mai gudanarwa na Tag A Life International Trust (TaLI), ƙungiyar bayar da shawarwari da ke inganta 'yan mata da' yancin mata da kuma karfafawa a Zimbabwe. An kafa shi a shekara ta 2010, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=YALI |date=11 October 2014 |title=Girl Power and Protection, Now and Forever |url=https://yali.state.gov/girl-power-and-protection-now-and-forever/ |access-date=7 August 2020 |website=Young African Leaders Initiative |publisher=The U.S. Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt; TaLI ya ba da shawarar cewa Jiha ta himmatu ga samar da ilimi na asali na jihar ga fiye da 500,000 waɗanda aka rufe su daga makaranta saboda rashin biyan kuɗin makaranta. 

Nyari kuma ita ce ta kafa kuma Shugaba na Identities Media Holdings, kamfani da ke samar da abun ciki wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na kasa kawai a Zimbabwe. Shirin jawabinta, wanda ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin, wanda ake kira Identities / Umhlobo / Zvatiri, ya bayyana a ZBC TV da kuma kafofin sada zumunta.

Nyari memba ne na kwamitin CIVICUS Alliance . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=CIVICUS |title=CIVICUS Board of Directors |url=https://www.civicus.org/index.php/who-we-are/civicus-board |access-date=7 August 2020 |website=CIVICUS |publisher=CIVICUS: World Alliance For Citizen Participation |archive-date=24 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824010121/https://www.civicus.org/index.php/who-we-are/civicus-board |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A baya ta kasance memba na kwamitin Kungiyar Mata ta Zimbabwe da kuma Kwamitin Maganin Al'umma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=The Forum 2000 Foundation |title=Nyaradzo Mashayamombe: Women's Human Rights Activist |url=https://www.forum2000.cz/en/people/nyaradzo-mashayamombe |access-date=7 August 2020 |website=The Forum 2000 Foundation |publisher=The Forum 2000 Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Waƙoƙi ==
A matsayinta na mai yin rikodi, Nyari ta fitar da kundi na studio guda uku har zuwa yau. Kundin ta na uku ana kiranta Zvatiri, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2015. Kundin Afro-jazz na 15 yana magana ne game da Afirka, batutuwan zamantakewa, soyayya, bishara, lissafi da shugabanci. Ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin da ke cikin kundin da ake kira Cry haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin Nyari da marigayi [[Chiwoniso Maraire]] .  Nyari kuma ta yi aiki tare da marigayi mawaƙin Zimbabwe Cephas Mashakada . 

== Kyaututtuka da karbuwa ==
A cikin 2013, an amince da ita a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Matasa Goma da suka yi fice a Zimbabwe a rukunin &quot;Taimakawa ga Yara, Zaman Lafiyar Duniya, da 'Yancin Bil'adama&quot; na Junior Chamber International. A cikin 2015 an ba ta lambar yabo ta Community Champion of the Year ta lambar yabo ta Zimbabuwe International Women Awards[1] [2] A cikin Maris 2021, ita ce mutum ta farko da ta ba da shawara ga mataimakiyar shugabar mace ta biyu a Zimbabwe akan dandamalin kafofin watsa labarunta da gidan yanar gizon ta, Identities Media Holdings biyo bayan murabus din VP Kembo Mohadi. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://www.cipe.org/blog/2016/06/14/democracy-that-delivers-podcast-20-nyaradzo-mashayamombe-on-advocating-for-womens-and-girls-rights-in-zimbabwe/ Nyaradzo Mashayamombe a kan Dimokuradiyya da ke Bayar da Podcast # 20] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804061025/https://www.cipe.org/blog/2016/06/14/democracy-that-delivers-podcast-20-nyaradzo-mashayamombe-on-advocating-for-womens-and-girls-rights-in-zimbabwe/ |date=2020-08-04 }}
* [https://www.youtube.com/user/nyarimusic Nyaradzo Mashayamombe Waƙoƙi a YouTube]
* [https://identitiesmedia.com/2021/03/02/gender-Advocates-Call-for-a-female-second-Vice-president]
{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nusa Penida Balinese</title>
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Nusa Penida Balinese (wanda masu magana da shi ke magana da basa Nosa ) yare ne na yaren Balinese da mutanen Balinese na gida ke magana da Nusa Penida, tsibiri da ke kudu da Bali wanda ke cikin tsarin mulki na Klungkung . Wannan yare ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mafi ban mamaki da banbanta tsakanin yarukan Balinese, saboda ba a iya fahimtar juna tare da daidaitattun yarukan Balinese da sauran yarukan Balinese waɗanda ake magana da su a cikin babban yankin Bali, saboda keɓewar yankin Nusa Penida daga babban yankin Bali. [1] [2] Yaren Nusa Penida galibi ana rarraba shi azaman yanki na yaren Bali Aga wanda mutanen Bali Aga ke magana da shi a yankunan tsaunukan Bali .

Bambance-bambancen yaren Nusa Penida idan aka kwatanta da yaren Balinese gabaɗaya ya ta'allaka ne a fannin phonological, morphological, da innation fannin. Yaren Nusa Penida ya sha bamban ba kawai ta fuskar ƙaranci ba har ma a cikin ƙamus ɗinsa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Tangkas |first=Made Reland Udayana |last2=Suari |first2=A. A. Pt |date=2023-10-28 |title=Pemertahanan Bahasa Bali Dialek Nusa Penida sebagai Sumber Konten Kreatif: Kajian Sosiolinguistik Kanal YouTube Alit Werdi Suputra |url=https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kajianbali/article/view/78919 |journal=Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) |language=en-US |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=541–566 |doi=10.24843/JKB.2023.v13.i02.p08 |issn=2580-0698 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙunƙarar masu magana da Nusa Penida, waɗanda ke da ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma suna da tsayi, kuma yana haifar da ƙalubale ga masu magana da Balinese na babban yankin don fahimtar abin da ake faɗa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Bugu da kari, kamar yaren Bali Aga, yaren Nusa Penida ba shi da tsarin rajistar magana da ake samu a yarukan Balinese na lowland. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Citrawati |first=Putu Wahyu |last2=Teguh |first2=I Wayan |last3=Widarsini |first3=Putu N |last4=Wahyu |first4=Gede Eka |date=2019-09-27 |title=Morfologi Bahasa Bali Aga Dialek Sembiran, di Kecamatan Tejakula, Kabupaten Buleleng |url=https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/linguistika/article/view/53418 |journal=Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=196 |doi=10.24843/ling.2019.v26.i02.p10 |issn=2656-6419 |doi-access=free }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rabewa ==
A cikin harshe, ana ɗaukar Nusa Penida Balinese yare na Balinese, wanda yaren Malayo-Polynesia ne a cikin reshen [[Harsunan Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa|Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa]] na dangin harshen Austronesia .  Ana ɗaukar wannan yare a matsayin mafi kusanci da yaren Bali Aga da ake magana da shi a yankunan tsaunuka na babban yankin Bali fiye da Balinese lowland. Dukansu yarukan Bali Aga da Nusa Penida an samo su ne daga tsohuwar Balinese kuma sun adana abubuwan da suka ɓace a cikin Balinese na zamani. Nazari da yawa sun rarraba yaren Nusa Penida a matsayin wani yanki na yaren Bali Aga. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Widiantana |first=I Kadek |last2=Putrayasa |first2=Ida Bagus |date=2023-02-01 |title=Telaah Diakronik Bahasa Bali |url=http://ojs.linguistik-indonesia.org/index.php/linguistik_indonesia/article/view/433 |journal=Linguistik Indonesia |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=133–146 |doi=10.26499/li.v41i1.433 |issn=2580-2429 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rarrabawa ==
A halin yanzu, yaren Nusa Penida ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin Nusa Penida a cikin Klungkung Regency . Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba duk al'ummomi a cikin Nusa Penida ke amfani da yaren Nusa Penida ba. Akwai ƙungiyoyin mutane da yawa waɗanda ke sadarwa ta amfani da yaruka daban-daban. A tsibirin Nusa Lembongan da Nusa Ceningan, waɗanda ke kusa da Nusa Penida, da kuma a wani ɗan ƙaramin yanki na Nusa Penida kusa da waɗannan tsibiran, akwai yare na musamman wanda ya bambanta da yaren Nusa Penida. Ɗayan bambance-bambancen da ya fi daukar hankali shine cikin kalmomi kamar ''eda'' (kai) da ''kola'' (I) a cikin yaren Nusa Penida. Masu magana da yaren Nusa Lembongan suna amfani da kalmomi kamar ''cai'' ko ''ci'' (kai) da ''cang'' (I). Wani misali shine ''əndək'' (Yaren Nusa Penida) da ''tusing'' (Yaren Nusa Lembongan), ''geleng-cenik'', ''hangken-kenken'', da sauransu. &lt;ref name=&quot;tatkala&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-05-17 |title=&quot;Basa Nosa&quot;, Bahasa Bali Dialek Nusa Penida yang Mirip Dialek Bali Aga? |url=https://tatkala.co/2020/05/17/basa-nosa-bahasa-bali-dialek-nusa-penida-yang-mirip-dialek-bali-aga/ |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=tatkala.co |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kauyuka 13 ne cikin 16 a cikin Nusa Penida ke amfani da yaren Nusa Penida. Sauran ƙauyukan ko dai suna magana da yaren Nusa Lembongan ko kuma yare mai kama da babban yankin Klungkung Balinese. &lt;ref name=&quot;tatkala&quot; /&gt;

Har ila yau, ana amfani da yaren Nusa Penida a wajen Nusa Penida, musamman saboda ƙaura da masu magana da shi suka yi bayan fashewar dutsen Agung a 1963 da kuma shirin ƙaura da gwamnatin Indonesiya ta yi. Manyan masu magana sun ƙaura zuwa kudancin [[Sumatra]], musamman zuwa Bandar Lampung, Palembang, Mesuji, da Gabashin Lampung . 

== Fassarar sauti ==
Wannan yare galibi ana rarraba shi azaman ƙaramin yare na wani bambance-bambancen cikin yaren Balinese, wato yaren Bali Aga. Koyaya, akwai babban bambanci tsakanin yarukan biyu, wato asarar ko rage sautin wayar /a/ a ƙarshen kalmomi. &lt;ref name=&quot;tatkala&quot;/&gt; Wannan rabe-rabe ya taso ne saboda yaren Nusa Penida yana raba fasali na harshe tare da yaren Aga, wanda aka kwatanta kamar haka:

* Rarraba sautin wayar /h/ a farkon da tsakiyar kalmomi;
* Kasancewar ƙarewa /-ñə/ da /-cə/, waɗanda suke allphonic morphemes na ƙarewa /-ə/;
* Harshen masu magana yana son samun saurin ɗan lokaci da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi;
* Kalmomi a yaren Nusa Penida yayi kama da na yaren Aga da sauran ƙananan yarensa.

Halayen da aka bayyana a sama kuma suna nuna cewa duka yaren Bali Aga da yaren Nusa Penida suna riƙe da fasalulluka na Tsohuwar Javanese waɗanda suka ɓace a cikin Javanese na zamani da Balinese na ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Laksana |first=I. Ketut Darma |date=2016 |title=Dinamika Kebahasaan pada Masyarakat Nusa Penida, Kabupaten Klungkung, Bali |url=https://journal.fib.uho.ac.id/index.php/simposiumbahasa/article/view/319 |journal=Prosiding Simposium Internasional &quot;Bahasa-Bahasa Lokal Nasional Dan Global&quot; |language=id |location=Kendari |pages=1–26 |isbn=978-602-1582-13-8 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalmomi ==
A ƙasa akwai kwatancen kalmomi da yawa a cikin yaren Nusa Penida da daidaitaccen Balinese:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nusa Penida Balinese
!Standard Balinese
!Indonesian
!English
|-
|''kola'', ''kéla''
|''tiyang'', ''canǵ''
|''aku''
|I
|-
|''jaba''
|''dija''
|''dimana''
|where
|-
|''eda'', ''ida''
|''cai'', ''awaké''
|''kamu''
|you
|-
|''lepéh''
|''kényél''
|''lelah''
|tired
|-
|''homah''
|''umah''
|''rumah''
|house
|-
|''hoba''
|''suba''
|''sudah''
|finish
|-
|''honya''
|''onya''
|''semua''
|all
|-
|''béhas''
|''baas''
|''beras''
|rice grains
|-
|''béhat''
|''baat''
|''berat''
|heavy
|-
|''endék''
|''tusing''
|''tidak''
|no
|-
|''layah''
|''layah'', ''séduk''
|''lapar''
|hungry
|-
|''toya'', ''yéh''
|''toya'', ''yéh''
|''air''
|water
|-
|''dəpinñə''
|''dəpin''
|''biarkan''
|let it be
|-
|''pohun''
|''puwun''
|''terbakar''
|burned
|-
|''paloh''
|''aluh''
|''mudah''
|easy
|-
|}
A daidaitaccen Balinese, ana amfani da harafin farko [u], yayin da a cikin yaren Nusa Penida, [u] ana maye gurbinsa kuma ana furta shi azaman [o]. Ƙari ga haka, ana yawan amfani da haruffa [o] da [h] a farkon kalmomi, kamar a cikin ''homah'', ''honya'', ''hoba'', ''hobat'', da ''sanduna'' .

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Harsuna]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muhammad ibn Umar al-Kashshi</title>
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'''Abū ʿAmr Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Kashshī''' wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 941 ko 951 ko 978, wanda aka fi sani da al-Kashshi ko (a cikin Farsi) a matsayin Kashshi, ya kasance malamin Shi'a na Twelver wanda ya kware a fannin kimanta tarihin rayuwar mutane (ʿilm al-rijāl) da nazarin hadisi. Shi ne marubucin Rijāl al-Kashshī, wani babban aiki na tarihin rayuwar mutane wanda yake daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyi guda hudu a cikin adabin rijāl na Shi'a. Aikin asali na al-Kashshi yanzu ya bace, amma wasu sassa daga cikinsa sun tsira a cikin takaitaccen aiki da Shaykh Tusi (995–1067) ya yi mai suna Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span about=&quot;#mwt51&quot; data-cx=&quot;[{&amp;amp;quot;adapted&amp;amp;quot;:true,&amp;amp;quot;partial&amp;amp;quot;:false,&amp;amp;quot;targetExists&amp;amp;quot;:true,&amp;amp;quot;mandatoryTargetParams&amp;amp;quot;:[],&amp;amp;quot;optionalTargetParams&amp;amp;quot;:[]}]&quot; data-mw=&quot;{&amp;amp;quot;parts&amp;amp;quot;:[{&amp;amp;quot;template&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;target&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;Transl&amp;amp;quot;,&amp;amp;quot;href&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;./Samfuri:Transl&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;params&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;1&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;ar&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;2&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl&amp;amp;quot;}},&amp;amp;quot;i&amp;amp;quot;:0}}]}&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;mwNg&quot; title=&quot;Arabic-language romanization&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion&quot;&gt;&lt;i lang=&quot;ar-Latn&quot;&gt;Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Rayuwa ==
Ba a san ainihin ranar haihuwar Al-Kashshi ba. Koyaya, an san shi da zamani na Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864-941), marubucin &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span about=&quot;#mwt64&quot; data-cx=&quot;[{&amp;amp;quot;adapted&amp;amp;quot;:true,&amp;amp;quot;partial&amp;amp;quot;:false,&amp;amp;quot;targetExists&amp;amp;quot;:true,&amp;amp;quot;mandatoryTargetParams&amp;amp;quot;:[],&amp;amp;quot;optionalTargetParams&amp;amp;quot;:[]}]&quot; data-mw=&quot;{&amp;amp;quot;parts&amp;amp;quot;:[{&amp;amp;quot;template&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;target&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;Transl&amp;amp;quot;,&amp;amp;quot;href&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;./Samfuri:Transl&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;params&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;1&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;ar&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;2&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;Kitāb al-Kāfī&amp;amp;quot;}},&amp;amp;quot;i&amp;amp;quot;:0}}]}&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;mwPA&quot; title=&quot;Arabic-language romanization&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion&quot;&gt;&lt;i lang=&quot;ar-Latn&quot;&gt;Kitāb al-Kāfī&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; . Al-Kashshi da al-Kulayni sun raba malamai da yawa kamar [[Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Naysaburi]], &lt;ref name=&quot;mok1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=تضارب آرای رجالی امام خمینی و آیة الله خویی درباره محمد بن اسماعیل - نورمگز |trans-title= |url=https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/980943/%d8%aa%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a2%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%ae%d9%85%db%8c%d9%86%db%8c-%d9%88-%d8%a2%db%8c%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%87-%d8%ae%d9%88%db%8c%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%87-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%86-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%db%8c%d9%84 |access-date=22 May 2021 |language=fa }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma wasu dalibai kamar Ibn Qulawayh . Wannan zai sanya al-Kashshi kusan a lokaci guda kamar al-Kulayni, watau, wani wuri tsakanin tsakiyar karni na 9 da tsakiyar karni na 10.&lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite book|last3=Shaykh Tusi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An haife shi a birnin Kesh ko Kish (wanda ake kira a yau Shahrisabz) a Transoxiana (a yau: Uzbekistan).&lt;ref name=&quot;mokb1&quot;&gt;
{{Cite book|last3=Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Ayyukan Al-Kashshi duk sun ɓace a yau. Koyaya, wani aikin da aka sani da {{Transl|ar|Rijāl al-Kashshī}} ya tsira a cikin taƙaitaccen da Shaykh Tusi (995-1067), wanda ake kira &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span about=&quot;#mwt86&quot; data-cx=&quot;[{&amp;amp;quot;adapted&amp;amp;quot;:true,&amp;amp;quot;partial&amp;amp;quot;:false,&amp;amp;quot;targetExists&amp;amp;quot;:true,&amp;amp;quot;mandatoryTargetParams&amp;amp;quot;:[],&amp;amp;quot;optionalTargetParams&amp;amp;quot;:[]}]&quot; data-mw=&quot;{&amp;amp;quot;parts&amp;amp;quot;:[{&amp;amp;quot;template&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;target&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;Transl&amp;amp;quot;,&amp;amp;quot;href&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;./Samfuri:Transl&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;params&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;1&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;ar&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;2&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl&amp;amp;quot;}},&amp;amp;quot;i&amp;amp;quot;:0}}]}&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;mwWQ&quot; title=&quot;Arabic-language romanization&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion&quot;&gt;&lt;i lang=&quot;ar-Latn&quot;&gt;Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ya yi. Wannan aikin yana hulɗa da kimantawar tarihin masu watsa [[Hadisi|hadith]], wanda burin shi ne tabbatar da ko za a dauki masu watsawa a matsayin abin dogaro, da kuma ko labaran su - daya daga cikin manyan tushen koyarwar Islama - ya kamata a karɓa ko a ƙi su.&lt;ref name=&quot;mok2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=شيخ محمد کشي - مرکز پاسخگویی حوزه علمیه قم |trans-title= |url=https://www.pasokh.org/fa/Article/View/9517/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%8A |access-date=22 May 2021 |language=fa |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803143009/https://www.pasokh.org/fa/Article/View/9517/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%8A |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mok3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=زندگی نامه شیخ محمد کشی - مرکز تخصصی شیعه شناسی |trans-title= |url=http://shia-ac.com/index.php/shiite-studies/personalities/146-maghale-14 |access-date=22 May 2021 |language=fa }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The {{Transl|ar|Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl}} ranks as one of the four most important works in the Shi'ite biographical ({{Transl|ar|rijāl}}) literature.&lt;ref name=&quot;mok4&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web |title=موسوعة طبقات الفقهاء - اللجنة العلمية في مؤسسة الإمام الصادق(ع) - کتابخانه مدرسه فقاهت |trans-title= |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/26507/4/443/1625 |access-date=22 May 2021 |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mok6&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web |title=كليات في علم الرجال - السبحاني، الشيخ جعفر - کتابخانه مدرسه فقاهت |trans-title= |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27182/1/57/%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AA%D9%85 |access-date=22 May 2021 |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

*  
[[Rukuni:Shi'a]]
[[Rukuni:Akida]]</text>
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    <title>Olivia Rouamba</title>
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'''Olivia Ragnaghnewendé Rouamba''' 'yar siyasan [[Burkina Faso]] ce wacce ta kasance ministar harkokin wajen ƙasar daga watan Maris 2022 zuwa watan Disamba 2023.

== Ilimi ==
Rouamba tana da digirin digirgir a fannin hulɗar ƙasa da ƙasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;miroir&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kponsou |first=Eric |date=July 2022 |title=Burkina-Faso : Mme Olivia ROUAMBA à la mesure du concept diplomatique |url=https://miroirdafrique.info/politique/burkina-faso-mme-olivia-rouamba-a-la-mesure-du-concept-diplomatique/ |access-date=22 September 2022 |publisher=Miroir D'Afrique }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Rouamba ta yi aiki da Babban Darakta na haɗin gwiwar ƙasashen biyu &lt;ref name=&quot;lefaso&quot; /&gt; kuma ta kasance mai ba da shawara na biyu a ofishin jakadancin Burkina Faso a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;miroir&quot;/&gt; A ranar 15 ga watan Satumba 2021 Majalisar Ministoci ta naɗa Rouamba a matsayin jakadiyar Burkina Faso a [[Itofiya|Habasha]], da kuma wakilin dindindin a [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] da [[Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a Afirka]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;lefaso&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nanema |first=Hamed |date=March 2022 |title=ACTUALITÉS :: INSTALLATION DU MINISTRE DES AFFAIRES ÉTRANGÈRES : « JE REFUSE D'ÊTRE TRAÎTRE (...) |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?page=web-tv-video&amp;id_article=111830&amp;rubrique2 |access-date=22 September 2022 |publisher=lefaso.net |language=French |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922043951/https://lefaso.net/spip.php?page=web-tv-video&amp;id_article=111830&amp;rubrique2 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;lesechos&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 July 2022 |title=Ambassade du Burkina Faso à Addis-Abeba : Madame Olivia R. ROUAMBA dit au revoir au personnel |url=https://lesechosdufaso.net/ambassade-du-burkina-faso-a-addis-abeba-madame-olivia-r-rouamba-dit-au-revoir-au-personnel/ |access-date=22 September 2022 |publisher=Les Echoes du Faso's |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shugaban riƙon kwarya [[Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba]] ya naɗa Rouamba a matsayin Ministar harkokin wajen ƙasar  a ranar 5 ga watan Maris 2022 a matsayin wani ɓangare na gwamnatin riƙon kwarya bayan juyin mulkin watan Janairu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 March 2022 |title=Burkina: la ministre Olivia Ragnaghnewendé Rouamba décline ses priorités à la Diplomatie |url=https://www.wakatsera.com/burkina-la-ministre-olivia-ragnaghnewende-rouamba-decline-ses-priorites-a-la-diplomatie/ |access-date=22 September 2022 |publisher=Wakat Sera |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 March 2022 |title=Burkina Faso names government following January coup |url=https://borneobulletin.com.bn/burkina-faso-names-government-following-january-coup/ |access-date=22 September 2022 |website=Borneo Bulletin}}&lt;/ref&gt; An shigar da ita a [[Ouagadougou]] a ranar 11 ga watan Maris 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tapsoba |first=Abdoul Karim |title=Burkina Faso : La patronne de la diplomatie, Olivia Rouamba, as pris fonction |url=https://quotidiennumerique.com/burkina-faso-la-patronne-de-la-diplomatie-olivia-rouamba-as-pris-fonction/ |publisher=Quotidien Numérique d'Afrique |access-date=2025-03-11 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924010908/https://quotidiennumerique.com/burkina-faso-la-patronne-de-la-diplomatie-olivia-rouamba-as-pris-fonction/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A jawabin da ta yi a lokacin da ta hau ƙaragar mulki, ta ce &quot;Ya ku ma'abota haɗin kai, na ki zama maciya amana, za mu ki zama maciya amana kuma za mu cim ma wannan manufa tare da watsi.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;lefaso&quot;/&gt;

A cikin watan Maris da kuma a cikin Afrilu, ta ce wa'adin shekaru uku na miƙa mulki ga dimokuraɗiyya da [[Mulkin Soja|gwamnatin mulkin soja]] ta gabatar &quot;na gaskiya ne&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 March 2022 |title=Burkina Faso Minister:36 Months 'Realistic' for Transition to Democracy |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2022-03-31/burkina-faso-minister-36-months-realistic-for-transition-to-democracy |access-date=22 September 2022 |website=US News |publisher=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 April 2022 |title=Burkina Faso junta defends three-year plan for transition to constitutional rule |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20220428-burkina-faso-junta-defends-three-year-plan-for-transition-to-constitutional-rule |access-date=22 September 2022 |publisher=France 24}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Yuli, ta ce wa'adin shekaru biyu ne gwamnatin mulkin sojan ƙasar ta ba da shawarar maimakon kungiyar [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] ta sanya &quot;kamar yadda wasu ke faɗa a yanar gizo.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;an&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2022 |title=FM says two-year civilian rule timeline Burkina Faso's proposal |url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/07/07/fm-says-two-year-civilian-rule-timeline-burkina-fasos-proposal// |access-date=22 September 2022 |publisher=Africa News }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 15 ga watan Yuli, shugabar hukumar samar da zaman lafiya [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] Rahab Fatima ta gana da Rouamba, inda ta tabbatar da jadawalin ECOWAS tare da karfafa gwiwar Burkina Faso da &quot; gaggauta aiwatar da...tsarin miƙa mulki cikin lumana tare da mutunta 'yancin ɗan adam, adalci da bin doka.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=United Nations Secretary General |date=19 July 2022 |title=Note to Correspondents – Statement by the United Nations Peacebuilding Commission on Burkina Faso |url=https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/note-correspondents/2022-07-19/note-correspondents-–-statement-the-united-nations-peacebuilding-commission-burkina-faso |access-date=22 September 2022 |publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wata doka da aka karanta a gidan talabijin na ƙasar ta sanar da korar Rouamba daga muƙamin ministan harkokin wajen ƙasar a ranar 17 ga watan Disamba 2023 sakamakon wani &quot;ƙaramin sauyi&quot; da shugaban Burkina Faso [[Ibrahim Traore|Ibrahim Traoré]] ya jagoranta. An maye gurbin ta da Karamoko Jean-Marie Traoré, wanda shi ne wakilin minista na haɗin gwiwar yanki a lokacin. Masu sharhi sun ce korar ta ya zo da mamaki, tun da aka ce tana cikin “kusan da’ira” na Traoré. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Burkina Faso's military leader sacks foreign minister |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/burkina-faso-s-military-leader-sacks-foreign-minister/3085475 |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Musulunci da ƙwallon ƙafa</title>
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Wasu 'yan kungiyoyin wasan kwallon kafa na Musulmai ne, kuma kungiyoyin suna amfani da dokokinsu.

A watan Yulin 2013, ɗan jaridar BBC Rob Cowling ya ce 'yan wasan Musulmi suna canza al'adun ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Rob Cowling |date=5 July 2013 |title=Premier League: How Muslims are changing English football culture |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/23159023 |accessdate=10 July 2013 |work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azumtar watan Ramadan da musulmai ke yi, yana shafar damar 'yan wasa don samun horo da buga wasanni,,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Tusdiq Din |date=23 August 2011 |title=Fasting and football. How do top-flight Muslims cope? |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/fasting-and-football-how-do-topflight-muslims-cope-2342187.html |accessdate=10 July 2013 |newspaper=The Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt; yayin da wasu 'yan wasa sun ki sanya rigunan kwallon kafa da kamfanonin caca da kudi ke tallafa masu, saboda an haramta caca da cin riba a addininin Musulunci.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Saj Chowdhury and Ben Smith |date=12 June 2013 |title=Newcastle's Papiss Cisse plans club talks over new shirt sponsor |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22857014 |accessdate=10 July 2013 |work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wasu 'yan wasan musulmi sun fuskanci cin zarafi na wariyar launin fata a wasanni, kuma suma kungiyoyin da suka sayi 'yan wasan musulmai an farmake su.&lt;ref name=&quot;Beitar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Paul Gittings |date=8 February 2013 |title=Israeli football club torched after signing Muslim players |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/08/world/meast/israel-football-arson |access-date=10 July 2013 |publisher=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shahara da rikici ==
Ma'aikatan man fetur na Burtaniya ne suka gabatar da kwallon kafa ga Iran kuma suka bunkasa ta a karkashin mulkin Reza Shah a cikin shekarun 1920. Kodayake duka wasa da kallon wasan sau da yawa sun kasance cikin rikici tare da bukatun addini a ƙarƙashin [[Iran|Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran]], ya ci gaba da shahara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 June 2013 |title=Iran in June: A Fever Pitch of Football and Politics |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/13/jun/1037.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011350/http://www.payvand.com/news/13/jun/1037.html%20 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |access-date=15 July 2013 |publisher=www.payvand.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An gabatar da Kwallon ƙafa a Falasdinu a lokacin mulkin Burtaniya na 1920-1948. A shekara ta 2011, an kafa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata da ake kira Girls FC, wadda ta ƙunshi Musulmai da Kiristoci. Duk da Bukatar addini da ƙin yarda da mata da ke sanye da gajeren wando da &quot;wasan namiji&quot;, ƙungiyar ta zama sananne.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2012 |title=Girls FC |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/aljazeeraworld/2012/06/2012626105337593602.html |access-date=15 July 2013 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ramadan ==
A shekara ta 2010, kulob din kwallon kafa ta Tehran Steel Azin ta kori dan wasan mai suna dan wasan Iran Ali Karimi saboda karya azumi a lokacin Ramadan. An ga Karimi yana shan ruwa yayin horo; ya musanta duk wani zargi kuma kulob din ya dawo da shi bayan ya amince ya biya tarar $ 40,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Adams, Keith |date=26 August 2010 |title=Iran footballer returns after Ramadan fasting row |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-11095904 |accessdate=11 July 2013 |publisher=BBC News Middle East}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2011, an lura da tasirin rauni a kan lafiyar 'yan wasan dangane da dan wasan Newcastle United Demba Ba. An bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;gajiyayye kuma mai rashin walwala&quot; saboda azumi a lokacin Ramadan, ya zira kwallaye uku a cikin minti talatin a cikin nasarar 3-1 a kan Blackburn Rovers a wasan farko bayan Ramadan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Edwards, Luke |date=25 September 2011 |title=Newcastle United's Demba Ba's destroys Blackburn Rovers with a hat-trick |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/newcastle-united/8788187/Newcastle-Uniteds-Demba-Bas-destroys-Blackburn-Rovers-with-a-hat-trick.html |accessdate=11 July 2013 |newspaper=Daily Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'Yan wasan kwallon kafa da ke fafatawa a matakai mafi girma sun kasance suna yin azumi duk da haɗarin raunin mai girma da ke tattare da hakam. A lokacin Ramadan a cikin 2019, 'yan wasan AFC Ajax [[Hakim Ziyech]] da Noussair Mazroui sun shiga kashi na biyu na [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] Semi Final da Tottenham Hotspurs yayin azumi, sun  sha ruwa bayan minti 24 da fara wasan bayan rana ta fadi. An kama duo din suna shan wutar lantarki da ruwa a filin wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 May 2019 |title=Ajax duo break Ramadan fast during UCL semifinal vs Tottenham Hotspur |url=https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/champions-league/1094822/ajax-duo-noussair-mazraoui-hakim-ziyech-open-ramadan-fast-during-ucl-semifinal-vs-tottenham-hotspur/ |access-date=9 November 2019 |website=FOX Sports Asia |language=en-US |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109023450/https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/champions-league/1094822/ajax-duo-noussair-mazraoui-hakim-ziyech-open-ramadan-fast-during-ucl-semifinal-vs-tottenham-hotspur/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A gasar cin [[FIFA]]_World_Cup&quot; na 2018, Mouez Hassan, mai tsaron gidan Tunisia ya yi amfani da dokar FIFA wacce ta ba da umarnin dakatar da wasan lokacin da mai tsaron gida ya ji rauni. A lokacin wasannin da aka yi da Portugal da Turkiyya, Hassan ya fadi nan da nan bayan faɗuwar rana don ya ba abokan aikinsa damar karya azumi, waɗanda suka yi biki a kan kwanakin da abin sha na ion. Dabarun ya zama mai nasara, yayin da Tunisia ta sami nasarar dabara 2-2 a wasannin biyu, a kan manyan kungiyoyin [[FIFA]].

Ba duk ƙasashen addinin Musulunci ba ne suka dace da azumi a gasar cin [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|Kofin Duniya]]. Yawancin 'yan wasan Saudi Arabiya, waɗanda za su buga Rasha a wasan buɗewa, sun zaɓi jinkirta jajircewar addininsu har sai bayan gasar, suna fahimtar wahalar da suka fuskanta kamar fuskantar sa'o'i 18 na hasken rana a Rasha. Hukumomin Saudiyya sun ba su izini, wadanda suka ba da izinin gujewa.

A watan Afrilu na 2021, dan wasan Leicester City Wesley Fofana ya karya azumi a filin wasa a lokacin wasan Premier League.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 May 2021 |title=Eid: 'You can be Muslim and still enjoy playing football' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-57056933 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Babban Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta gabatar da &quot;hutu&quot; a cikin kakar 2023 musamman don ''[[Iftar (Budar Baki)|Iftar]]''. Alkalin ya nuna hutu a matsayin tsayawa a wasan bayan faɗuwar rana kuma an bi da shi azaman hutu na ruwa.

== Addu'a ==
Gudanar da addu'o'in Musulunci ya kawo 'yan wasa cikin rikici tare da manajojin su. Harry Redknapp, lokacin da yake manajan West Ham United, ya soki addu'ar Frédéric Kanouté da bukatun azumi.Newcastle United ta yi la'akari da gabatar da ɗakunan addu'a a duka St James' Park da kuma filin horo. Duk da yake ba a tsara su ne kawai don Musulmai ba, an shirya ɗakunan don amfani da su don [[Sallah|Addu'a]] ta 'yan wasan Musulmi Demba Ba, Papiss Cissé, Hatem Ben Arfa da [[Cheick Tioté|Sheik Tioté]]. Kungiyar ta nuna cewa wannan ya bambanta da abubuwan da tsohon dan wasan su ya samu kuma ya tuba zuwa addinin Islama, Didier Domi, wanda aka yi masa ba'a lokacin da aka gano yana yin addu'o'in Islama a cikin ruwan sama.&lt;ref name=&quot;Domi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghozali, Faïza |date=23 February 2010 |title=Islam made in France |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Articles/Dossier/ARTJAJA2562p024-033.xml4/france-musulman-islam-bruno-metsuvivre-sa-foi-au-grand-jour.html |access-date=2 November 2013 |publisher=www.jeuneafrique.com |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar 2012-13, 'yan wasan Musulmi bakwai na Newcastle a kai a kai suna amfani da ɗakin addu'a na horo na addinai da yawa.

'Yan wasa da yawa, kamar su Demba Ba da Papiss Cissé, sun zaɓi yin sujada tare da goshi zuwa ƙasa a matsayin bikin bayan sun zira kwallaye. A shekara ta 2012, an tilasta mai sharhi game da kwallon kafa Gary Lineker ya nemi gafara bayan ya bayyana irin wannan bikin da dan wasan Karim Ait-Fana ya yi wa kungiyar Montpellier ta Faransa da Schalke a [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]] a matsayin &quot;cin ciyawa&quot;.'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Musulmai sun kuma sa T-shirts dauke da sakonnin da suka shafi Islama a ƙarƙashin rigunan ƙwallon ƙwallon. Dan wasan Queens Park Rangers Adel Taarabt ya sa rigar da ke dauke da sakon &quot;Ina son Allah&quot; yayin da Samir Nasri, a cikin 2012, ya yi bikin [[Manchester City F.C.|Birnin Manchester]] City da Southampton tare da rigar da ta dauki sakon &quot;Eid Mubarak&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aleem, Abdul |title=The Influence Of Islam On English Football |url=http://islamiquemagazine.com/the-influence-of-islam-on-english-football/ |access-date=12 July 2013 |publisher=Islamique Magazine |archive-date=15 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715013043/http://islamiquemagazine.com/the-influence-of-islam-on-english-football/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 August 2012 |title=Nasri celebrates goal against Southampton with 'Eid Mubarak' T-shirt |url=http://www.itv.com/news/update/2012-08-19/nasri-celebrates-winning-goal-against-southampton-with-eid-mubarak-t-shirt/ |access-date=12 July 2013 |publisher=ITV}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2016, an nemi magoya bayan da suka halarci wasan cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya tsakanin Iran da Koriya ta Kudu a Filin wasa na Azadi a [[Tehran]] su maye gurbin waƙoƙin kwallon kafa na yau da kullun da waƙoƙi na addini yayin da wasan ya fadi a ranar tunawa da [[Tasu'a]], ranar tsarki ta Shia Islam. 

Bayan karuwar magoya bayan musulmai, kungiyoyin Premier League na Ingila suna aiwatar da ɗakunan addu'a a filayen su. Sabon ci gaba Aston Villa yana daya daga cikin kulob din da ke ba da wuraren addu'a ba kawai ga 'yan wasan ba, har ma da magoya bayanta da ma'aikata. Sauran kungiyoyin Burtaniya ciki har da Newcastle United, Swansea City, Sunderland, Bournemouth, Norwich City da Watford suma suna shirye su karɓi wuraren addu'a na ranar wasa. Tottenham Hotspur, wadanda suka kammala sabon ginin filin wasan a shekarar 2019, sun aiwatar da dakunan addu'a masu yawa.A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, Blackburn Rovers ya zama kulob na farko a Burtaniya don karbar bakuncin addu'o'in [[Sallar Idi ƙarama|Eid]] tare da mutane 2000 da ke murna da ƙarshen watan Ramadan mai tsarki a filin wasa.

== Musulunci da ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila ==
An kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila, a hukumance a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1992. A lokacin da aka fara gasar a shekara ta 1992-93, dan wasan Mutanen Espanya daya ne kawai Nayim, ya yi amfani da Islama.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 May 2019 |title=From the Red Side of the Field: Muslims in the English Premier League |url=https://seattledsa.org/2019/05/from-the-red-side-of-town-muslims-in-the-english-premier-league/ |access-date=9 November 2019 |website=Seattle Democratic Socialists of America |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, tun daga kakar 2018-19 akwai Musulmai sama da 50 da ke wasa a gasar Firimiya kuma 19 daga cikin kungiyoyi 20 suna da akalla dan wasan Musulmi ɗaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt; Wadannan sun hada da wasu fitattun 'yan wasa ciki har da Liverpool's [[Muhammad Salah|Mohamed Salah]] da [[Sadio Mané]], Manchester United's [[Paul Pogba]], Arsenal's [[Mesut Ozil|Mesut Özil]], Chelsea's [[N'Golo Kanté]] da Kurt Zouma, da Manchester City's [[Riyad Mahrez]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Top 40 Muslim Football Players |url=https://howtheyplay.com/team-sports/Muslim-Footballers |access-date=9 November 2019 |website=HowTheyPlay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pasztor |first=David |date=4 December 2015 |title=Zouma talks faith, family, Chelsea |url=https://weaintgotnohistory.sbnation.com/2015/12/4/9847112/kurt-zouma-interview-faith-family-chelsea |website=We Ain't Got No History}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yawan 'yan wasan musulmi da ke ƙaruwa ya samo asali ne daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 March 2018 |title=Islam in Football: The profound effect the religion has on the game |url=https://inews.co.uk/sport/football/islam-football-liverpool-premier-league-pogba-salah-mane-512540 |access-date=9 November 2019 |website=inews.co.uk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan kuma ya haifar da ƙarin fahimta da yardar rai daga bangaren kungiyoyin Premier League da magoya baya don karɓar bukatun addini na 'yan wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt; Kungiyar yanzu tana daukar ma'aikacin musulmi kuma wasu kungiyoyi suna da ɗakunan addu'a.

Duk da yake Islamophobia a cikin Premier League har yanzu yana nan, kasancewar taurarin kwallon kafa na Musulmi a cikin Premier na iya samun sakamako mai kyau a kan Islamophobie a duk faɗin al'ummar Ingila bisa ga binciken [[Jami'ar Stanford]] wanda ya haɗa raguwar 18.9% a cikin laifukan ƙiyayya na Musulmi da ke cikin gundumar da Liverpool ke ciki tun lokacin da Salah ya shiga tawagar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marcin |first=Tim |date=4 June 2019 |title=Mo Salah Has Singlehandedly Reduced Islamophobia in Liverpool |url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/qv7ev7/mo-salah-has-singlehandedly-reduced-islamophobia-in-liverpool |access-date=9 November 2019 |website=Vice |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 2021, an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyoyin Premier League za su shiga cikin lambar don daidaita ma'amala da tallafawa tare da imanin 'yan wasan musulmi. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023, kungiyoyi uku na gasar kwallon kafa (Millwall, Luton da Swansea) suma sun sanya hannu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 March 2023 |title=Millwall, Luton and Swansea sign Muslim charter |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/64308147 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2022, an ba da sanarwar cewa a lokacin Ramadan mai zuwa, 'yan wasa za su sami damar samun 'haske na sha' don karya azumi. Daga baya a wannan watan, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Everton [[Abdoulaye Doucouré|Abdoulaye Doucoure]] ya yi magana game da lokacin Ramadan mai zuwa a matsayin ɗan wasa. An sake maimaita hutun a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2023.

Ya zuwa watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2023, ƙungiyar mata ta Bradford City tana da masu horar da Musulmai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 April 2023 |title=NATH'S NATTERS: Bradford Muslims incredible in balancing sport with Ramadan |url=https://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/news/23472033.bradford-muslim-population-sport-ramadan/ |website=Bradford Telegraph and Argus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kits da tallafawa ==
Shugabannin Musulmai a [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] sun yi kira ga Musulmai kada su sa rigunan kwallon kafa tare da giciye a kan lambar, kamar [[FC Barcelona]] da Brazil, suna ganin su suna ba da fifiko ga [[Kiristanci]]. Sun kuma yi gargadi game da rigunan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], waɗanda ke nuna shaidan.

A shekara ta 2012, [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta cire gicciye daga [[Real Madrid CF|Alamar kulob din]] su a kan kayan gabatarwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Peck, Brooks |date=30 March 2012 |title=Real Madrid make small but deliberate change to their crest for UAE resort island partnership |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/soccer-dirty-tackle/real-madrid-small-distinct-change-crest-uae-resort-202900831.html |access-date=18 October 2013 |publisher=Sports.Yahoo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An danganta canjin da gina wurin shakatawa na wasanni na dala biliyan 1 a [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] ta Musulunci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 April 2013 |title=Real Madrid changing cross logo for Muslim fans, sponsors |url=http://www.indianmuslimobserver.com/2012/04/real-madrid-changing-cross-logo-for.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928034541/http://www.indianmuslimobserver.com/2012/04/real-madrid-changing-cross-logo-for.html |archive-date=28 September 2013 |access-date=12 July 2013 |publisher=Indian Muslim Observer}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Real Madrid Reband Logo for Muslim Fans |url=http://www.theeasternpost.org/show_news.php?ofPage=16&amp;id=3189&amp;headLine=Real-Madrid-Reband-Logo-for-Muslim-Fans |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927060347/http://www.theeasternpost.org/show_news.php?ofPage=16&amp;id=3189&amp;headLine=Real-Madrid-Reband-Logo-for-Muslim-Fans |archive-date=27 September 2013 |access-date=12 July 2013 |publisher=The Eastern Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Frédéric Kanouté ya yi amfani da shi don canza rigarsa ta [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], don rufe tallafin daga gidan caca na kan layi 888.com. Daga baya kulob din ya cimma yarjejeniya cewa dan wasan ba ya amincewa da caca ta hanyar sanya shi, kuma za a gafarta shi daga duk wani kayan gabatarwa tare da 888. 

A watan Yulin 2013, dan wasan Newcastle United Papiss Cissé ya ki yin wasa a cikin rigar da Wonga.com, kamfanin rance na ranar biyan kuɗi, ke tallafawa, saboda ba a ba da izinin cajin riba a ƙarƙashin dokar Islama ba. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya yarda ya sa rigar bayan an dauki hotonsa a gidan caca.

== Ka'idojin sutura ==
Abubuwan da ake buƙata na ka'idar tufafin Islama sun saba wa bukatun kayan [[FIFA]]. A shekara ta 2011, an hana tawagar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Iran yin wasa a zagaye na cancanta don Wasannin Olympics na 2012 saboda kayan aikin su wanda ya kunshi cikakkun tufafi da rufe gashin kansu. Ana buƙatar mata a Iran su sa maghnaeh don rufe kawunansu. FIFA ta yanke hukuncin cewa kayan sun karya daya daga cikin dokokinsu wanda ya ce, &quot; 'Yan wasa da jami'ai ba za su nuna saƙonnin siyasa, na addini, na kasuwanci ko na sirri ko taken a kowane harshe ko nau'i a kan kayan wasan su ko kayan aiki na ƙungiyar ba. &quot; Kodayake ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Iran ta yi jayayya cewa kayan ba addini ko siyasa ba ne, an hana Iran yin wasan da aka ba shi, 3-0 ga Jordan. A shekara ta 2012, FIFA ta canza hukuncin su ta bayyana cewa mata suna da 'yanci su sa hijabi a matakin manyan gasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Warshaw, Andrew |date=5 July 2012 |title=Joy for FIFA Prince and Muslim women as football hijab ban is lifted |url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/sports/summer/football/17585-joy-for-fifa-prince-as-football-hijab-ban-is-lifted |access-date=12 July 2013 |publisher=www.insidethegames.biz }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yulin 2023, an kaddamar da kamfen a Ingila don ba da damar 'yan mata masu makaranta su sa hijabs yayin da suke buga kwallon kafa. Daga baya a wannan watan, dan wasan Morocco Nouhaila Benzina ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya sa hijabi a gasar cin kofin duniya.

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024, an hana 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata, Iqra Ismail yin wasa a cikin tufafi maimakon gajeren wando, wanda ta yi imanin ya lalata imanin addinin ta. Wakilin ƙungiyar Regent's Park, United Dragons FC, alƙalin ya hana ta shiga filin yayin da aka gaya mata sanya gajeren wando abin da ake buƙata ne.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Elgueta |first=Adriana |last2=Bhandhukravi |first2=Alice |date=29 October 2024 |title=Muslim footballer stopped from playing in tracksuit bottoms |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c3e83qlx058o |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cin zarafi ==
Akwai lokuta da yawa na Cin zarafin Musulmi da aka yi wa 'yan wasan kwallon kafa Musulmi. A shekara ta 2005, dan wasan kwallon kafa na Masar Mido yayin da yake wasa a Tottenham Hostpur magoya bayan West Ham United sun yi masa ba'a da &quot;Mahaifiyarka ta'addanci&quot; kuma a matsayin mai fashewar bam saboda kamaninsa da Richard Reid. A shekara ta 2007, Mido, wanda ke wasa a Middlesbrough ya yi wa magoya bayan Newcastle United ba'a da cin zarafin Musulmi.

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2013, an yi wa magoya bayan musulmai na West Ham United cin zarafi yayin da suke gudanar da [[Sallan Magariba|Addu'ar Maghrib]] a Filin Boleyn a lokacin wasan Premier League tsakanin West Ham da Manchester City. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2015, an soki magoya bayan musulmi na [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] kuma an yi musu cin zarafi a kafofin sada zumunta bayan sun yi amfani da rabin lokaci don yin addu'a a kan matsakaicin addu'a. [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC]] ta mayar da martani nan da nan game da Tweet ɗin da ya yi wa 'yan sanda na Merseyside kuma ta fitar da sanarwa ta neman gafara.

Kungiyar Isra'ila Beitar Jerusalem ta ƙone ofisoshin su ta hanyar 'yan kasa na Yahudawa a watan Janairun 2013 bayan sun sanya hannu kan' yan wasan Musulmi na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Beitar&quot;/&gt;

Koyaya, halin da ake ciki ga 'yan wasan musulmi yana nuna motsi na canji. Gasar Firimiya ta dakatar da al'adarta ta ba da champagne a matsayin lambar yabo ta mutum-na-wasan kuma ta canza shi zuwa kofin lokacin da tauraron Musulmi na Manchester City [[Yaya Touré]] ya fara lashe shi akai-akai. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

A cewar masu bincike a [[Jami'ar Stanford]], [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC]] da tauraron Masar [[Muhammad Salah|Mohammed Salah]] sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage Islamophobia a yankin. Tun lokacin da ya iso, gundumar Merseyside ta ga raguwar 18.9% a cikin laifukan adawa da Islama kuma ta ragu sosai da tweets masu adawa da Musulmi (7.8% zuwa 3.8%) idan aka kwatanta da magoya bayan wasu manyan kungiyoyin Ingila godiya ga karuwar sanin Islama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Can Exposure to Celebrities Reduce Prejudice? The Effect of Mohamed Salah on Islamophobic Behaviors and Attitudes |url=https://immigrationlab.org/working-paper-series/can-exposure-celebrities-reduce-prejudice-effect-mohamed-salah-islamophobic-behaviors-attitudes-2/ |access-date=9 November 2019 |website=Immigration Policy Lab |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Fabrairun 2019, duka West Ham United da 'yan sanda sun binciki cin zarafin Musulunci ga Mohamed Salah wanda ya fito daga magoya bayan gida a Filin wasa na London yayin wasan tsakanin West Ham da Liverpool. An samo bidiyon bidiyo inda za'a iya jin wani yana ihu &quot;Salah, kai Musulmi, kai Musulmin&quot; a Salah. A watan Oktoba na 2020, an yanke wa mai goyon bayan West Ham United hukunci kan aikata laifin aikata laifuka na wariyar launin fata. An ci tarar £ 400 kuma an dakatar da shi daga wasannin kwallon kafa na tsawon shekaru uku.

== A cikin fim ==
Fim din 2006 na Offside yana magana ne game da batun kwallon kafa, a wannan yanayin a Iran, da kuma masu kallo mata. Wani haramtacciyar da aka yi a lokacin [[Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci|Juyin Juya Halin Iran na 1979]] wanda ya hana mata halartar wasanni, tare da shugabannin addinin Islama da ke nuna cewa mata a filayen wasa shine girke-girke don bala'i yayin da za su ga &quot;ƙafafu marasa kyau&quot; kuma su ji laifuka da magoya bayan maza ke ihu. Shugaba [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] ya yi ƙoƙari ya kawo karshen haramcin kafin babban shugaban kasar, [[Ali Khamenei|Ayatollah Ali Khamenei]] ya hana yunkurinsa. Fim din ya ba da labaran 'yan mata da ke canza kansu a matsayin maza don kallon wasan cancanta Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 2006 tsakanin Iran da Bahrain a Filin wasa na Azadi a [[Tehran]]. An dakatar da shi daga nunawa a Iran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 May 2006 |title=Iran censors hand Offside a red card |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/archive/2006/05/20084913126165646.html |access-date=12 July 2013 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Kiristanci da ƙwallon ƙafa
* Kwallon ƙafa a Wasannin Solidarity na Musulunci

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}
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'''Vera Hamenoo-Kpeda''' (an haife ta 23rd ga Yuni 1992), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-06-28 |title=Birthday photos/videos: MzVee organises health screening, concert for Bakpa residents |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2017/june-28th/birthday-photosvideos-mzvee-organises-health-screening-concert-for-bakpa-residence.php |access-date=2019-03-08 |website=Myjoyonline }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; wacce aka fi sani da sunanta na mataki '''MzVee''', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=I’ll be surprised to see Shatta Wale in heaven – MzVee - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ill-be-surprised-to-see-shatta-wale-in-heaven-mzvee/ |access-date=2021-05-29 |website=MyJoyonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; mawaƙin Ghana ce, afroop, rawa da kuma ɗan wasan R&amp;amp;amp;B . Kundin solo dinta na farko ya ƙunshi wakoki da yawa da suka haɗa da 'Borkor Borkor (ma'ana - Sannu a hankali), 'Yarinyar Halitta' da 'Dancehall Sarauniya'. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MzVee drops album on November 21 |url=http://www.dailyguideghana.com/mzvee-drops-album-on-nov-21/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127161844/http://www.dailyguideghana.com/mzvee-drops-album-on-nov-21/ |archive-date=2014-11-27 |publisher=Daily Guide Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt;  MzVee an rattaba hannu kan lakabin Lynx Entertainment kuma shine wanda ya lashe kyautar Sabuwar Artiste na Shekara a Kyautar Kiɗa na Ghana na 2015. Ta rabu da Lynx Entertainment a cikin shekarar 2019. A halin yanzu ita 'yar wasa ce kawai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=VGMA 2015 Winners |url=http://www.ghanamusicawards.com/2015-winners.html/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121052743/http://ghanamusicawards.com/2015-winners.html |archive-date=21 November 2015 |access-date=24 April 2015 |publisher=Ghana Music Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Full list of winners at 2015 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/April-12th/full-list-of-winners-at-2015-vodafone-ghana-music-awards.php/ |publisher=myjoyonline |access-date=2025-03-19 |archive-date=2023-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806105556/https://myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/april-12th/full-list-of-winners-at-2015-vodafone-ghana-music-awards.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi MzVee a [[Accra|Kudancin La Estates, Accra]] ga Ernest Hamenoo-Kpeda, ɗan kasuwa, da Florence Hamenoo-Kpeda, mai kula da abinci. Ta fito daga Keta a yankin Volta na Ghana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-27 |title=MzVee shares experience after visit to Fort Prinzenstein located in her hometown – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/mzvee-shares-experience-after-visit-to-fort-prinzenstein-located-in-her-hometown/ |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=MyJoyonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da ƴan uwa mata biyu da ƙane kuma ta halarci Makarantar St Martin de Porres a Dansoman, Accra a shekarunta na farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ofori |first=Bernard |date=2023-10-05 |title=All you need to know about MzVee: The Rise of Ghana’s Afropop and Dancehall Sensation |url=https://gharticles.com/all-you-need-to-know-about-mzvee-the-rise-of-ghanas-afropop-and-dancehall-sensation/ |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=GhArticles.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta wuce babbar makarantar ’yan mata ta St. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-02-21 |title=I studied Home Economics in SHS because I wanted an easy way out – MzVee – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/i-studied-home-economics-in-shs-because-i-wanted-an-easy-way-out-mzvee/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=MyJoyonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta na karanta harkokin kasuwanci a Jami'ar Telecom ta Ghana, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rising Talent MzVee talks to us |url=http://www.enewsgh.com/2014/02/18/enewsghinterviews-rising-talent-mzvee-talks-to-us-i-am-just-going-to-push-as-far-as-i-can/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112133138/http://enewsgh.com/2014/02/18/enewsghinterviews-rising-talent-mzvee-talks-to-us-i-am-just-going-to-push-as-far-as-i-can/ |archive-date=12 January 2023 |access-date=24 April 2015 |publisher=enewsgh}}&lt;/ref&gt; daga baya a cikin 2016, ta bar makaranta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=MzVee Drops Out Of School |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201605/279939.php |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=Peacefmonline.com – Ghana news }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kiɗa ==

=== 2012 - 2013: Farkon farawa ===
MzVee ta fara fashe a fagen waƙar Ghana a lokacin rani na 2012 a matsayin jagorar mawaƙi na ƙungiyar budurwar Lynx Entertainment D3. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lynx Entertainment introduces an all female group – D3 |url=http://www.ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/lynx-entertainment-introduces-all-female-group-d3/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623211043/http://www.ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/lynx-entertainment-introduces-all-female-group-d3/index.html |archive-date=2014-06-23 |publisher=Ghana Music}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyar tana da fitattun waƙoƙi kamar &quot;Good Girls Gone Bad&quot; da &quot;Gyani Gyani&quot; kafin tarwatsa a ƙarshen 2013 saboda alkawurran ilimi na matasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Music group D3 splits |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/artikel.php?ID=291034 |publisher=Ghana Web}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2014 - 2016: Nasara ===
MzVee ta ƙaddamar da aikinta na solo tare da 'Borkor Borkor' na farko da aka saki a cikin Janairu 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MzVee Borkor Borkor |url=http://www.ghanandwom.com/mzvee-borkor-borkor-feat-vip-prod-by-richie-mensah/ |publisher=Ghana Ndwom}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta bi wannan tare da buga 'Yarinyar Halitta' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MzVee releases Natural Girl featuring Stonebwoy |url=http://www.modernghana.com/music/25451/3/mzvee-releases-natural-girl-featuring-stonebwoy.html |publisher=Modern Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta ci gaba da lashe lambar yabo ta 'Unsung Artiste Award' a 2014 Ghana Music Awards. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MzVee thanks her fans for VGMA award win |url=http://www.modernghana.com/music/25751/3/mzvee-thanks-her-fans-for-vgma-award-win.html |publisher=Modern Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kundin nata na farko an fito da shi a cikin Nuwamba 2014 &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; kuma yana nuna haɗin gwiwa tare da masu fasaha da yawa waɗanda suka sami lambar yabo kamar su Stonebwoy, [[VVIP (hip hop group)|VIP]], Shata Wale, Richie Mensah, M.anifest da Didier Awadi .

Bayan nasarar kundi na farko da ta samu lambar yabo, MzVee ta fitar da kundi na biyu mai suna ''Verified'' a cikin Nuwamban shekarar 2015 don yin bita. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MzVee ups her game with verified album launch |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Mzvee-ups-her-game-with-verified-album-launch-395509 |publisher=Ghana Web}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MzVee ups her game with verified album launch |url=http://www.nigerianews24.com/articles/mzvee-ups-her-game-with-verified-album-launch |publisher=Nigeria News24 |access-date=2025-03-19 |archive-date=2018-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417024038/http://www.nigerianews24.com/articles/mzvee-ups-her-game-with-verified-album-launch |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kundin ya sami nadin MzVee 7 a Kyautar Waƙoƙin Ghana na 2016 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Full list of nominees for 2016 Ghana Music Awards |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2016/February-27th/full-list-of-nominees-for-2016-ghana-music-awards.php |publisher=MyJoyOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt; gami da 'Album of the Year' da 'Record of the Year' na 'Abofra' guda ɗaya wanda ke nuna Efya . Album dinta na uku da ake jira sosai an fito da ''shi'' a watan Mayu 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MzVee set to release DaaVee album on 1st May 2017 |url=https://loudsoundgh.com/2017/04/mz-vee-set-to-release-daavee-album-on-1st-may-2017 |publisher=Loud Sound GH}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2017-2019: Hiatus ===
MzVee ya ɗauki hutu na shekaru biyu daga Masana'antar Kiɗa daga 2017 zuwa 2019. A cikin wata hira da ta yi da TV3 &lt;ref name=&quot;iChris&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=iChris |date=2020-01-06 |title=MzVee is back from her hiatus with two albums, she was so depressed. |url=https://ichrisgh.com/blog/2020/01/06/mzvee-is-back-from-her-hiatus-with-two-albums-she-was-so-depressed/ |access-date=2020-12-15 |website=iCHRIS |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; a ranar Litinin, 5 ga Janairu, 2020, ta bayyana cewa dalilinta na barin masana'antar waka shine babban bakin ciki da take ciki. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Depression forced me to leave music industry- MzVee |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2020/January-6th/depression-forced-me-to-leave-music-industry-mzvee.php |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hakan dai ya yi watsi da rade-radin daukar ciki da wasu ke cewa shi ne dalilin rashin ta a Masana’antar Waka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=I Was Super Depressed To Leave Music Industry — MzVee Recounts |url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/62090/i-was-super-depressed-to-leave-music-industry.html |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin tsawon shekaru biyu MzVee ta sami taimako daga kawarta Efya wanda ya ci gaba da tallafa mata da ƙarfafa ta har sai ta shawo kan damuwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-01-06 |title=I was depressed and Efya was my psychologist; MzVee finally opens up (Watch) |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/mzvee-reveals-she-was-depressed-for-2-years-and-efya-was-her-psychologist-video/qk1cllt |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=Entertainment |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ta sanar da cewa daga shekarar 2020 ta dawo harkar waka kuma za ta fitar da wani waka da ta yi wa lakabi da &quot;Sheriff&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== 2020 - 2021: inVeencible ===
Wani abu kuma MzVee ta ce lokacin da ta dawo daga waƙar da ta yi fama da baƙin ciki shine za ta fitar da albam guda biyu. &lt;ref name=&quot;iChris&quot;/&gt; Koyaya, a fili ba ta iya fitar da albam biyun kamar yadda ta yi alkawari saboda [[Annobar cutar Covid-19 a Ghana|cutar ta COVID-19]] .

Ta gwammace ta yi nasarar fitar da albam guda daya mai suna inVeencible. &lt;ref name=&quot;ichrisgh.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=iChris |date=2020-12-11 |title=MzVee features Sarkodie, Mugeez, Efya, Falz, Medikal, others on InVeencible Album |url=https://ichrisgh.com/blog/2020/12/11/mzvee-features-sarkodie-mugeez-efya-falz-medikal-others-on-inveencible-album/ |access-date=2020-12-15 |website=iCHRIS |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529121116/https://ichrisgh.com/blog/2020/12/11/mzvee-features-sarkodie-mugeez-efya-falz-medikal-others-on-inveencible-album/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kundin wanda ya fito [[Sarkodie]], Mugeez, Efya, Medikal, Kelvyn Boy, Kojo Funds, da kuma [[Falz]] da Navy Kenzoo, an sake shi a ranar 11 ga Disamba 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-12-11 |title=Mzvee – Inveencible (Full Album) |url=https://www.nydjlive.com/mzvee-inveencible-full-album/ |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=NY DJ Live |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin Maris 2021, ta haɗu da TRACE TV don sakin bidiyon kiɗanta don waƙarta 'Kai kaɗai'. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MzVee partners Trace TV to release video for 'You Alone' - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/mzvee-partners-trace-tv-to-release-video-for-you-alone/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Myjoyonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2022: 10 Talatin ===
A ranar 24 ga Yuni 2022, MzVee ta fitar da kundi na biyar, mai suna 10 Talatin da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare ta ta shekara ta 10 a matsayin mawaƙa da kuma bikin cika shekaru 30. 10 Talatin, kundin wakoki goma wanda ya ƙunshi mawakan Najeriya, Bella Shmurda, [[Yemi Alade]], [[Tiwa Savage]] da mawakan Ghana Stonebwoy da Kofi Kinaata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Awadzi |first=Hannah |title=MzVee to unleash &quot;10 Thirty&quot; album with star-studded lineup |url=https://www.gna.org.gh/1.21505919 |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=gna ghana |language=en |archive-date=2022-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620200136/https://www.gna.org.gh/1.21505919 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon kida da sanin ya kamata ==
[[File:MzVee.jpeg|thumb| Ana yin hira da MzVee a Wave Concert na 2017]]
Waƙar MzVee ta ƙunshi abubuwa na afropop, R&amp;B da gidan rawa kuma ƙaƙƙarfan iyawar muryarta ya sa ta zama zaɓi na 'Mace ta Mafi kyawun Shekara' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=VGMA 2015 Nominees List |url=http://www.ghanamusicawards.com/full-list.html/ |publisher=Ghana Music Awards }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; a Kyautar Kiɗa na Ghana na 2015 da lambar yabo don 'Dokar da ta fi Alƙawari' a 2015 Ghana Music Honors. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana Music Honors Held in Accra |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/artikel.php?ID=349582/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052417/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/artikel.php?ID=349582%2F |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=24 April 2015 |publisher=Ghana Web}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin taurarin wasan raye-raye na Ghana kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta 'Mafi kyawun Mawaƙin Mata na Shekara' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=VGMA 2015 Nominees List |url=http://showbiz.peacefmonline.com/pages/music/201411/224251.php/ |publisher=Peace FM |access-date=2025-03-19 |archive-date=2016-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422033410/http://showbiz.peacefmonline.com/pages/music/201411/224251.php/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; a lambobin yabo na gidan rawa na Ghana na 2015, kyaututtukan BASS. Alamar kasuwancinta ta asali gashin Afirka da buga 'Yarinyar Halitta' mara aure ya sanya mata kwarin gwiwa ga matasa 'yan mata a fadin Afirka waɗanda ke son bikin kamannin su. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MzVee Calls Out To All Natural Girls |url=http://www.twimovies.com/news/55551-mzvee-calls-out-to-all-natural-girls.html |publisher=Twi Movies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

MzVee mai ban sha'awa ya tashi zuwa saman ya ci gaba tare da nadi a watan Yuni 2015 a cikin 'Best International New Artist' category &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Best New International Artist |url=http://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/bet-awards-international/2015/bet-awards-international/best-new-international-act-viewer-s-choice.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619004226/http://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/bet-awards-international/2015/bet-awards-international/best-new-international-act-viewer-s-choice.html |archive-date=19 June 2015 |publisher=BET}}&lt;/ref&gt; a BET Awards 2015 . Wannan sabon nau'in da aka zaba yana murna da taurari masu tasowa daga ko'ina cikin sawun tashar ta duniya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=BET Awards 2015: MzVee nominated in new category |url=http://www.viasat1.com.gh/news/entertainment/article.php?postId=3605#sthash.7I4XsXRS.dpbs |publisher=Viasat 1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Oktoba 2015, MzVee an nada shi Jakadan [[Bankin Duniya]] don 'Kamfen Ƙarshen Matsanancin Talauci'. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MzVee Appointed as World Bank Ambassador |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/MzVee-appointed-as-World-Bank-ambassador-387708 |publisher=Ghana Web}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta fitar da waƙar yaƙin neman zaɓe mai taken 'Ƙarshen Talauci' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MzVee Releases World Bank Campaign Theme Song |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/october-16th/mzvee-releases-world-bank-campaign-theme-song.php |publisher=MyJoyOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta zama Babban Bankin Duniya # Music4Dev Guest Artist; rawar da aka gudanar a baya ta hanyar wasu masu fasaha da suka samu lambar yabo ciki har da [[D'banj|D'Banj]] da Fally Ipupa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Music4Dev Guest MzVee Calls for An End to Poverty Through Song |url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/video/2015/10/22/music4dev-guest-mzvee-calls-for-an-end-to-poverty |publisher=World Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Music4Dev Guest MzVee Hopes Her Music Will Help End Poverty |url=http://blogs.worldbank.org/voices/music4dev-guest-mzvee-hopes-her-music-will-help-end-poverty |publisher=World Bank |access-date=2025-03-19 |archive-date=2017-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214002216/http://blogs.worldbank.org/voices/music4dev-guest-mzvee-hopes-her-music-will-help-end-poverty |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

An saka sunan MzVee a cikin MTV Base 's jerin manyan masu fasaha na Afirka don lura da su a cikin 2016. Wannan jeri ya nuna nasarorin da aka samu a shekarar 2015 a nahiyar Afirka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MTV Base presents the top African acts to watch out for in 2016 |url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/mtv-base-presents-the-top-african-acts-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/8h97ib |publisher=MTV Base |access-date=2025-03-19 |archive-date=2018-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618080844/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/mtv-base-presents-the-top-african-acts-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/8h97ib |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MzVee named among the Top African Artists to watch out for in 2016 |url=http://nydjlive.com/60685/mzvee-named-among-top-african-artists-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/ |publisher=nydjlive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, an zabe ta a cikin 'Best Urban Artist' a 2016 KORA Music Awards &lt;ref name=&quot;KORA Awards Nominees Best Urban&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=KORA Awards Nominees Best Urban |url=http://www.koraawards.com/en/music/nominees-best-urban/ |publisher=KORA Awards |access-date=2025-03-19 |archive-date=2017-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529132958/http://www.koraawards.com/en/music/nominees-best-urban/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sarkodie, MzVee, others nominated for 2016 KORA Music Awards |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Sarkodie-Mzvee-others-nominated-for-2016-Kora-Music-Awards-407393 |publisher=Ghana Web}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta 7 a 2016 Ghana Music Awards &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Full list of nominees for 2016 Ghana Music Awards |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2016/February-27th/full-list-of-nominees-for-2016-ghana-music-awards.php |publisher=MyJoyOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt; ciki har da Songwriter of the Year &lt;ref name=&quot;Ghana Music Awards&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana Music Awards Songwriter of the Year |url=http://ghanamusicawards.com/song-writer-of-the-year/ |publisher=Ghana Music Awards }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da Richie Mensah da Efya, Album of the Year &lt;ref name=&quot;ghanamusicawards.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana Music Awards Album of the Year |url=http://ghanamusicawards.com/album-of-the-year/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502092106/http://ghanamusicawards.com/album-of-the-year/ |archive-date=2 May 2016 |access-date=20 March 2016 |publisher=Ghana Music Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Best Male Vocalist. &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana Music Awards Best Female Vocalist of the Year |url=http://ghanamusicawards.com/best-female-vocal-of-the-year/ |publisher=Ghana Music Awards |access-date=2025-03-19 |archive-date=2016-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401071450/http://ghanamusicawards.com/best-female-vocal-of-the-year/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 20 ga Mayu 2016, MzVee an zaɓi shi don lambar yabo ta BET 2016 - Best International Act: category Africa kuma ta zama mawaƙa ta farko ta Ghana da aka zaɓa don babbar lambar yabo ta BET. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=GhKings News |title=MzVee Nominated For BET Awards 2016 + Full List |url=https://ghkings.com/mzvee-nominated-bet-awards16-full-list/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512101634/https://ghkings.com/mzvee-nominated-bet-awards16-full-list/ |archive-date=12 May 2021 |access-date=24 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma zabe ta a cikin mafi kyawun nau'in mata a watan Oktoba 2016 don lambar yabo ta MTV Africa Music Awards. &lt;ref name=&quot;MTV Africa Music Awards&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Final categories revealed – vote now |url=https://www.mtvbase.com/ |publisher=MTV Africa Music Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:MzVee_in_concert.jpg|thumb|272x272px| MzVee yana waka a wurin shagali]]
MzVee ta ci gaba da samun yabo mai mahimmanci da kasuwanci don aikinta kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Mafi kyawun Mawaƙin Mata &lt;ref name=&quot;AmeyawDebrah&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sarkodie, Stonebwoy, MzVee, VVIP and many more win at 2017 Ghana Music Honours |url=http://ameyawdebrah.com/sarkodie-stonebwoy-mzvee-vvip-win-2017-ghana-music-honours/ |publisher=ameyahdebrah}}&lt;/ref&gt; a Kyautar Kiɗa na Ghana akan 4 Maris 2017. Har ila yau, an zaɓe ta don Reggae/Dancehall Artiste na Shekara, Mafi kyawun Mawaƙin Mata da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Shekara a Kyautar Waƙoƙin Ghana na 2017. &lt;ref name=&quot;GlammyNews&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 2017 Nominees |url=http://glammynews.com/2017/02/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2017-nominees/ |publisher=glammynews.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce mawaƙin Ghana ta farko da aka yi hasashe a dandalin ' ''Press play a gida'' ' na Grammy. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-03-01 |title=MzVee becomes first Ghanaian musician to perform on Grammy’s ‘Press Play’ |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/MzVee-becomes-first-Ghanaian-musician-to-perform-on-Grammy-s-Press-Play-1480043 |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en |archive-date=2023-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122224835/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/MzVee-becomes-first-Ghanaian-musician-to-perform-on-Grammy-s-Press-Play-1480043 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Waƙoƙi ==

* POM (2024)
* ''Re-Vee-Lation'' (2014)
* ''Verified'' (2015)
* ''DaaVee'' (2017)
* ''InVeecible'' (2020)
* 10 Thirty ''(2022)''

== Rigingimu ==

=== Mulkin Ebony ===
A cikin 2017 lokacin da MzVee ta yi shiru na ɗan lokaci bayan fitowar albam ɗinta mai suna &quot;Daavi&quot;, a wannan shekarar ne marigayi Ebony Reigns ya yi zafi sosai wanda ya sa wasu masu ra'ayin yanar gizo suka ce aikin MzVee ya ƙare a cikin zazzafar Ebony Reigns. Amma a cikin wata hira da MzVee ta yi watsi da duk wani ikirari game da rayuwarta ta mutu sakamakon mulkin Ebony kuma ta ba da dalilan da ya sa ta yi kasa a gwiwa a lokacin Ebony ta tashi da bugun fanareti. [1]

=== Zee TM ===
A shekarar 2020, wata kungiyar mawakan kasar Ghana ta Zee TM ta zargi mawakin MzVee da yin amfani da bugun da ya same su ba tare da neman izininsu ba. Adekid, memba na kungiyar Zee TM a wata hira da MzGee a kan 3FM ya bayyana mamakin yadda alamar A-List kamar MzVee za ta yi amfani da bugun su ba tare da yin abin da ake bukata ba.

== Kyaututtuka da zaɓe ==
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-05-19 |title=2019 VGMAs: Full list of winners |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/2019-VGMAs-Full-list-of-winners-747499 |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Organization
!Award
!Work
!Result
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2014
|Ghana Music Awards
|Unsung Artiste of the Year
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |Herself|| {{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Behold Unsung Artiste of the Year|url=http://afrisounds.com/news/behold-unsung-artiste-of-the-year-mzvee/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150424234455/http://afrisounds.com/news/behold-unsung-artiste-of-the-year-mzvee/|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 April 2015|publisher=afrisounds.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|4syte Music Video Awards
|Best Discovery|| {{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Winners of 2014 MTN 4syte Music Video Awards|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/November-17th/winners-of-2014-mtn-4syte-music-video-awards.php/|publisher=Joy Online|access-date=2025-03-19|archive-date=2014-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222013816/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/November-17th/winners-of-2014-mtn-4syte-music-video-awards.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |2015
|Bass Awards
|Best Female Vocal Artist|| {{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=BASS awards full list of winners|url=http://showbiz.peacefmonline.com/pages/music/201411/224251.php/|publisher=Peace FM|access-date=2025-03-19|archive-date=2016-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422033410/http://showbiz.peacefmonline.com/pages/music/201411/224251.php/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Ghana Music Honors
|Most Promising Act|| {{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ghana Music Honors held in Accra|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/artikel.php?ID=349582|publisher=Ghana Web|access-date=24 April 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074828/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/artikel.php?ID=349582|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Ghana Music Awards
|Artiste of the Year|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=List of nominees for 2015 Ghana Music Awards|url=http://www.dailyguideghana.com/list-of-nominees-for-2015-ghana-music-awards/|publisher=Daily Guide|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212424/http://www.dailyguideghana.com/list-of-nominees-for-2015-ghana-music-awards/|archivedate=2015-09-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Reggae/Dancehall Artiste of the Year|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Best New Artiste of the Year|| {{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Full list of winners at 2015 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/April-12th/full-list-of-winners-at-2015-vodafone-ghana-music-awards.php/|publisher=Joy Online|access-date=2025-03-19|archive-date=2023-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806105556/https://myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/april-12th/full-list-of-winners-at-2015-vodafone-ghana-music-awards.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Album of the Year
|Re-Vee-Lation|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Reggae Dancehall Song of the Year
|Natural Girl|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Best Female Vocal Performance
|My Everything|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt;
|-
|BET Awards
|Best New International Artist
|Herself|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;12&quot; |2016
|KORA Music Awards
|Best Urban Artist
|Hold Me Now|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;KORA Awards Nominees Best Urban&quot;/&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |Ghana Music Awards
|Album of the Year
|Verified|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ghanamusicawards.com&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Songwriter of the Year
|MzVee, Richie Mensah and Efya|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghana Music Awards&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Best Female Vocalist of the Year
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hold Me Now|| {{Won}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Reggae Song of the Year|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ghana Music Awards Reggae Song of the Year|url=http://ghanamusicawards.com/reggae-song-of-the-year/|publisher=Ghana Music Awards|access-date=20 March 2016|archive-date=2 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502093804/http://ghanamusicawards.com/reggae-song-of-the-year/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Afro Pop Song of the Year
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Abofra|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ghana Music Awards Afro Pop Song of the Year|url=http://ghanamusicawards.com/afro-pop-song-of-the-year/|publisher=Ghana Music Awards|access-date=20 March 2016|archive-date=2 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502092052/http://ghanamusicawards.com/afro-pop-song-of-the-year/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Record of the Year|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ghana Music Awards Record of the Year|url=http://ghanamusicawards.com/record-of-the-year/|publisher=Ghana Music Awards|access-date=20 March 2016|archive-date=2 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502092233/http://ghanamusicawards.com/record-of-the-year/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Reggae/Dancehall Artist of the Year
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |Herself|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ghana Music Awards Reggae/Dancehall of the Year|url=http://ghanamusicawards.com/reggae-dancehall-artiste-of-the-year/|publisher=Ghana Music Awards|access-date=20 March 2016|archive-date=2 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502093750/http://ghanamusicawards.com/reggae-dancehall-artiste-of-the-year/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|BET Awards
|Best International Act Africa|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Best International Act Africa|url=http://enterghana.com/mzvee-nominated-bet-awards-2016/|publisher=EnterGhana|access-date=20 May 2016|archive-date=17 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217065126/http://enterghana.com/mzvee-nominated-bet-awards-2016/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Nigerian Entertainment Awards
|African Female Artist (Non-Nigerian)|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Nigerian Entertainment Awards 2016 – Full List of Nominees|url=http://naijavoice.com.ng/nigerian-entertainment-awards-2016-full-list-of-nominees-nea-2016//|publisher=naijavoice.com}}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|AFRIMMA
|Best Female West Africa|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=AFRIMMA 2016 nominees|url=http://afrimma.com/nominees-2016//|publisher=AFRIMMA|access-date=2025-03-19|archive-date=2022-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814150919/https://afrimma.com/nominees-2016/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|MTV Africa Music Awards
|Best Female|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;MTV Africa Music Awards&quot;/&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;15&quot; |2017
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ghana Music Honours
|Reggae/Dancehall Artist Honour|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;GhanaClassic.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Full List of Nominees – Ghana Music Honours|url=http://ghanaclassic.com//full-lists-of-nominees-ghana-music-honours/|publisher=ghanaclassic.com}}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Female Artist Honour|| {{Won}}&lt;ref name=&quot;AmeyawDebrah.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Sarkodie, Stonebwoy, MzVee, VVIP and many more win at 2017 Ghana Music Honours|url=http://ameyawdebrah.com/sarkodie-stonebwoy-mzvee-vvip-win-2017-ghana-music-honours/|publisher=ameyahdebrah.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|People's Choice Artist Honour|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;GhanaClassic.com&quot;/&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ghana Music Awards
|Reggae/Dancehall Artiste of the Year|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;GlammyNews.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 2017 Nominees|url=http://glammynews.com/2017/02/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2017-nominees/|publisher=glammynews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Female Vocalist
|Nobody Else|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;GlammyNews.com&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Overall Artiste of the Year
|Herself|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;GlammyNews.com&quot;/&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |4syte Music Video Awards
|Best Female Video
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Rewind|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;GhanaFla.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=4Syte TV Release Nomination List For Music Video Awards|url=http://www.ghafla.com/gh/4syte-tv-release-nomination-list-music-video-awards/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Choreography Video|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;GhanaFla.com&quot;/&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |BASS Awards
|Artiste of the Year
|Herself|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ShowbizPunch.com&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Reggae Song of the Year
|Nobody Else|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ShowbizPunch.com&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Performer of the Year
|Herself|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ShowbizPunch.com&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Female Vocalist of the Year
|Nobody Else|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ShowbizPunch.com&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Reggae Collaboration of the Year
|Nobody Else (feat. Black Prophet)|| {{Won}}&lt;ref name=&quot;GhanaMusic.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Full list of award winners at Bass Awards 2017|url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/2017/12/29/full-list-award-winners-bass-awards-2017/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Dancehall Artiste of the Year
|Herself|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ShowbizPunch.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=List of Nominees For 2017 Bass Awards Released|url=https://www.showbizpunch.com/list-nominees-2017-bass-awards-released-stonebwoy-leads-9nine-nominations/}}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Reggae Video of the Year
|Nobody Else|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ShowbizPunch.com&quot;/&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2018
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Ghana Music Awards
|Female Vocalist of the Year
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Herself|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2018 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards Full List of Nominees|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/2018-Vodafone-Ghana-Music-Awards-Full-list-of-nominees-631326|publisher=Ghana Web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Reggae/Dancehall Artiste|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2018 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards Full List of Nominees|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/2018-Vodafone-Ghana-Music-Awards-Full-list-of-nominees-631326|publisher=Ghana Web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Reggae/Dancehall Song of the Year
|Rewind|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2018 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards Full List of Nominees|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/2018-Vodafone-Ghana-Music-Awards-Full-list-of-nominees-631326|publisher=Ghana Web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Collaboration of the Year
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sing My Name (feat. Patoranking)|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2018 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards Full List of Nominees|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/2018-Vodafone-Ghana-Music-Awards-Full-list-of-nominees-631326|publisher=Ghana Web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Afropop Song of the Year|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2018 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards Full List of Nominees|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/2018-Vodafone-Ghana-Music-Awards-Full-list-of-nominees-631326|publisher=Ghana Web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Album of the Year
|Daa-Vee|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2018 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards Full List of Nominees|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/2018-Vodafone-Ghana-Music-Awards-Full-list-of-nominees-631326|publisher=Ghana Web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|Ghana Music Awards
|Best Music Video of the Year
|Come and see my Moda&quot; ft Yemi Alade
Directed by Xbills Ebenezer
|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Behold Unsung Artiste of the Year|url=http://afrisounds.com/news/behold-unsung-artiste-of-the-year-mzvee/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150424234455/http://afrisounds.com/news/behold-unsung-artiste-of-the-year-mzvee/|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 April 2015|publisher=afrisounds.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2021
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ghana Music Awards
|Best Reggae Dancehall Song of the Year
|Sheriff|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=FULL LIST: Vodafone Ghana Music Awards releases 2021 nominations|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/04/full-list-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-releases-2021-nominations/|publisher=Citi Newsroom}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Music Video of the Year
|Baddest Boss||{{Won}}
|-
|Album of the Year
|Inveecible|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=FULL LIST: Vodafone Ghana Music Awards releases 2021 nominations|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/04/full-list-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-releases-2021-nominations|publisher=Citi Newsroom}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Magana ==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Ninsiima Ronah Rita''' (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga watan Maris 1978) 'yar siyasa ce kuma 'yar jarida [[Uganda|'yar ƙasar Uganda]] wacce ita ce wakiliyar mata 'yar majalisa a gundumar Kabale a Majalisar 9th ta Uganda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The first cut may not be the deepest |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1008133 |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=New Vision |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta doke tsohuwar ministar noma Hope Mwesigye wacce ta wakilci mazabar tun 1994 a babban zaɓen Uganda na shekarar 2011 a ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairu inda ta maye gurbinta a kujerar tsakanin shekarun 2011 da 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The first cut may not be the deepest |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1008133 |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=New Vision |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-01-07 |title=How they beat political giants to win: Ronah Ninsiima |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/how-they-beat-political-giants-to-win-ronah-ninsiima-1489526 |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=Monitor |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rita ta kasance 'yar takara mai zaman kanta bayan ta sha kaye a zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar National Resistance Movement (NRM) zuwa ga Hope Mwesigye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tusiime |first=Columbus |title=Kabale NRM Office to discipline anti-Mwesigye MPs |url=https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=11081 |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New Kabale Woman MP Seething at Women's Day Snub : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/new-kabale-woman-mp-seething-at-womens-day-snub |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ninsiima hopes to keep Kabale woman MP seat – Uganda News Releases |url=https://www.ugandanewsreleases.com/%EF%BB%BFninsiima-hopes-to-keep-kabale-woman-mp-seat/ |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=www.ugandanewsreleases.com |archive-date=2022-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015150738/https://www.ugandanewsreleases.com/%EF%BB%BFninsiima-hopes-to-keep-kabale-woman-mp-seat/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An haifi Rita a cikin iyali masu auren mata fiye da ɗaya. Ta yi karatun ta na O-Level a Makarantar Sakandare ta Kigezi kuma ta sami difloma a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Duniya a gundumar Kabale a shekarar 1997. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ta yi aiki a Kigezi Private Sector Promotion Center daga baya kuma a Muryar Kigezi rediyo a shekarar 2000 inda ta haɗa wani shiri mai suna &quot;Ruhondeza&quot;. A cikin shekarar 2005, Rita ta ɗauki aiki a matsayin mai ba da labari a Rediyo West a Mbarara kafin ta zama 'yar siyasa a shekarar 2011. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Rita ta rasa kujerarta a hannun [[Ndamira Catherine Atwikiire|Catherina Ndamira Atwikiire]] na 'yar majalisar wakilai ta mata a gundumar Kabale a majalisar ta 10 na Uganda a shekarar 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=murami |date=2022-01-24 |title=Budget Committee questions role of EAC Ministry |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/news/5561/budget-committee-questions-role-eac-ministry |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=www.parliament.go.ug |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=NNN |date=2022-01-24 |title=Uganda: Budget Committee questions role of EAC Ministry |url=https://nnn.ng/uganda-budget-committee-2/ |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=NNN |language=en |archive-date=2022-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126125739/https://nnn.ng/uganda-budget-committee-2/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-10-21 |title=Ex-Kabale MP Turns to God After Surviving Covid 19 |url=https://chimpreports.com/ex-kabale-mp-turns-to-god-after-surviving-covid-19/ |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Rita ta yi kwangilar aikin [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] a ranar 7 ga watan Satumba, 2021. Bayan ta tsira, an ce Rita ta ba da ranta ga Allah. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin Uganda na tara
* Hope Mwesigye
* [[Ndamira Catherine Atwikiire|Catherina Ndamira Atwikiire]]

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Movement for Black Lives</title>
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The Movement for Black Lives ('''M4BL''') haɗin gwiwa ne na kungiyoyi sama da 50 da ke wakiltar buƙatun [[Bakar fata|Al'ummomin baƙar fata]] a duk faɗin Amurka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Newkirk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Newkirk |first=Vann R. II |date=August 3, 2016 |title=The Permanence of Black Lives Matter |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/08/movement-black-lives-platform/494309/ |website=The Atlantic}}&lt;/ref&gt; Membobin sun haɗa da Black Lives Matter Network, Taron Ƙasa na Black Lawyers, da Cibiyar Ella Baker da 'Yancin Ɗan Adam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Us – The Movement for Black Lives |url=https://policy.m4bl.org/about/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502120213/https://policy.m4bl.org/about/ |archive-date=May 2, 2019 |access-date=August 4, 2016 |website=Movement for Black Lives |publisher=policy.m4bl.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyoyi kamar su Color of Change, Race Forward, Brooklyn Movement Center, PolicyLink, Million Women March Cleveland, da ONE DC sun goyi bayan su,  kuma haɗin gwiwar tana karɓar sadarwa da goyon baya daga wata kungiya mai suna Blackbird. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Arnold |first=Eric K. |date=2017 |title=The BLM Effect: Hashtags, History and Race |journal=Race, Poverty &amp; the Environment |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=8–15 |issn=1532-2874 |jstor=44687751}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 24 ga watan Yuli, 2015 ƙungiyar ta fara taro a Jami'ar Jihar Cleveland inda tsakanin a shekarun 1,500 zuwa 2,000 masu fafutuka suka taru don shiga cikin tattaunawa da zanga-zanga. Da farko taron ya yi yunƙurin &quot;dabarun hanyoyin da ƙungiyar Movement for Black Lives za ta yi wa jami'an tsaro alhakin ayyukansu a matakin ƙasa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;about2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=About Us – The Movement for Black Lives|language=en-US|work=The Movement for Black Lives|url=https://policy.m4bl.org/about/|url-status=dead|access-date=March 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502120213/https://policy.m4bl.org/about/|archive-date=May 2, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cleveland2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Morice|first=Jane|date=July 25, 2015|title=Thousands of 'freedom fighters' in Cleveland for first national Black Lives Matter conference|language=en-US|work=cleveland.com|url=https://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2015/07/thousands_of_freedom_fighters.html|access-date=March 7, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bernard2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Bernard|first=Tanya Lucia|date=August 7, 2015|title=The Movement for Black Lives Convening: An Offering of Love|language=en-US|work=The Root|url=http://www.theroot.com/the-movement-for-black-lives-convening-an-offering-of-1790860722|access-date=March 7, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Duk da haka, taron ya haifar da samar da wani motsi mai mahimmanci na zamantakewa. A ƙarshen taron kwanaki uku, a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, kungiyar Movement for Black Lives ta kaddamar da &quot;tsari na kiran kungiyoyin ƙananan hukumomi da na ƙasa don samar da haɗin kai&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;about2017&quot; /&gt; Tsawon shekaru na wannan shekara ya haifar da kafa dandalin ƙungiya wanda ke bayyana manufofi, buƙatu, da manufofin da Movement for Black Lives ke goyon bayan su don cimma &quot;'yantar da&quot; al'ummomin baƙaƙen fata a faɗin Amurka. &lt;ref name=&quot;about2017&quot; /&gt;

Bayan kisan gillar da aka yi wa George Floyd, M4BL ta fitar da Dokar BREATHE, wacce ta yi kira da a aiwatar da sauye-sauyen majalisa game da aikin 'yan sanda. Kudirin dokar ya haɗa da kiraye-kirayen janyewa daga aikin ‘yan sanda da sake saka jari kai tsaye zuwa albarkatun al’umma da kuma wasu hanyoyin ba da agajin gaggawa.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Byrd |first=Jessica |date=July 14, 2020 |title=The Genius of Resilience: Toward a New, Black National Convention |url=https://www.theroot.com/the-genius-of-resilience-toward-a-new-black-national-1844367817 |access-date=2020-07-18 |website=The Root |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2020, Movement for Black Lives ta fitar da buƙatun manufofi don mayar da martani ga [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|cutar ta COVID-19]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Edwards |first=Breanna |date=March 31, 2020 |title=Movement For Black Lives Releases Policy Demands In Response To COVID-19 |url=https://www.essence.com/news/movement-for-black-lives-policy-demands-coronavirus-m4bl/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404025705/https://www.essence.com/news/movement-for-black-lives-policy-demands-coronavirus-m4bl/ |archive-date=April 4, 2020 |access-date=April 24, 2020 |website=Essence |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƙungiya ==
Deva Woodly, Farfesa a fannin Siyasa a jami’ar The New School, ta bayyana The Movement for Black Lives a lokacin zanga-zangar George Floyd a matsayin “ƙungiya-madaidaiciya da ta haɗa da tarin ƙungiyoyin gwagwarmaya a faɗin ƙasar,” wadda ta baiwa mutane damar “hade hanyoyin dake nuna matsalolin da ake fama da su a yanzu da kuma tushen matsalolin.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Woodly|first=Deva|title=An American Reckoning|url=https://publicseminar.org/essays/an-american-reckoning/|access-date=2020-07-02|website=Public Seminar|date=June 4, 2020 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tsarin yanke shawara ===
M4BL tana aiki ne ta hanyar tsarin &quot;hub-and-spoke&quot; mara cibiyar iko, inda kowace reshe ta gari (kamar BYP100) ke da ’yancin kansu yayin da suke haɗin kai da rukuni-rukunin aiki na ƙasa guda shida. Takardun cikin gida sun nuna cewa kashi 73% na yanke shawarar kuɗi ana yin su ne ta wurin majalisun yankuna da ’yan gwagwarmaya na ƙasa suka kafa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=m4bl.org |url=https://m4bl.org/organizational-structure }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan tsari ya fuskanci suka a lokacin sauyin shugabanci na shekarar 2022, inda wasu membobi suka zargi rassan da suka fi arziƙi da rinjaye a yanke shawara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=www.washingtonpost.com |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/08/14/blm-internal-tensions/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manufa da bayanai ===
{{Progressivism}}Manufar ƙungiyar, da aka fitar a watan Agustan 2016, mai taken *A Vision for Black Lives: Policy Demands for Black Power, Freedom and Justice*, ta ƙunshi buƙatu guda shida:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Lee|first=Trymaine|date=August 1, 2016|title=Black Lives Matter Releases Policy Agenda|language=en-US|work=NBC News|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/black-lives-matter-releases-policy-agenda-n620966|access-date=2020-07-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Platform – The Movement for Black Lives|url=https://policy.m4bl.org/platform/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828130258/https://policy.m4bl.org/platform/|archive-date=August 28, 2016|access-date=September 15, 2016|website=policy.m4bl.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# A dakatar da yaƙi da bakar fata.
# Diyya saboda bautar da aka yi a Amurka da kuma munanan abubuwan da suka biyo baya.
# A daina zuba jari a cibiyoyin da ke daure da cutar da bakar fata; a mayar da hankali wajen jari ga ilimi, lafiya da tsaron rayuwar bakar fata.
# Adalcin tattalin arziki ga kowa da kowa da sake gina tsarin tattalin arziki domin al’ummomi su mallaki dukiya tare, ba kawai su samu damar shiga ba.
# Sarrafa dokoki, cibiyoyi da manufofi da suka fi shafar rayuwarmu ta hanyar haɗin kan al’umma.
# Ƙarfi a siyasa da ikon yanke hukunci na bakar fata a dukkan fannoni na rayuwa.

M4BL na ganin cewa biyar diyya wani abu ne mai yiwuwa kuma yana da tushe, duba da diyya da aka biya wa manoman bakar fata a shekarar 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;Repar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web
| publisher=Movement For Black Lives
| author=National African American Reparations Commission
| author-link=National African American Reparations Commission
| pages=1–12
| title=HR 40 Primer : Seize The Time!
| url=https://m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/NCOBRA-HR40-Primer.pdf
| number=#HR 40
| access-date=2025-06-26
| archive-date=2025-07-06
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250706201635/https://m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/NCOBRA-HR40-Primer.pdf
| url-status=dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2023-2024, ƙungiyar ta fitar da bayani cewa “muna buƙatar dakatar da harin gaggawa da kuma kawo ƙarshen mamayar yankin Falasɗinu da Amurka ke mara wa baya,” tare da alƙawarin “ƙi yayyafa wa kisan ƙare dangi da ake yi a Gaza.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://m4bl.org/statements/movement-for-black-lives-statement-on-us-backed-occupation-of-palestine/ | title=Movement for Black Lives Calls for an Immediate End to the U.S.-Backed Occupation of Palestine }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kuɗi da tallafin cibiyoyi ===
Bayan da ƙungiyar ta fitar da manufofinta a 2016, ƙungiyoyi 50 sun bayyana goyon bayansu. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukanta shi ne kafa Asusun Gwagwarmayar Bakar Fata (BLMF) ta hannun ƙungiyar bada tallafi ta Borealis Philanthropy. Wannan asusu an kafa shi don tallafa wa M4BL, kuma yana da burin haɗa gudummawar dala miliyan 100 ga ƙungiyar, tare da taimaka mata wajen haɓaka ƙarfinta na cikin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=McGirt|first=Ellen|date=August 8, 2016|title=raceAhead: Why Ford Foundation Is Underwriting Black Lives Matter|url=https://fortune.com/2016/08/08/raceahead-why-ford-foundation-is-underwriting-black-lives-matter/|access-date=2020-07-31|website=Fortune magazine|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manyan abubuwa ==

=== Zanga-zangar Jami’ar Cleveland State ===

A ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2015, mutane daga sassa daban-daban na ƙasar Amurka suka taru a Jami’ar Cleveland State domin nuna damuwa kan cin zarafin da ’yan sanda ke yi wa al’ummar bakar fata. Musamman, rasuwar mutanen da suka haɗa da Michael Brown, Eric Garner, da Tamir Rice ne suka ƙarfafa buƙatar wannan taro a tsakanin al’ummar bakar fata. A lokacin taron wanda ya ɗauki kwanaki uku (24–26 ga Yuli), masu fafutuka sun halarci muhawarori, kallon fina-finai gajeru, da kuma bitoci da aka shirya domin inganta ƙwarewar masu neman mafita kan matsalolin da ke addabar bakar fata. Taron na Jami’ar Cleveland State ana ɗaukar sa a matsayin babban taron farko na ƙungiyar Movement for Black Lives, inda mutane fiye da 1,500 suka halarta. Daga bisani, masu fafutuka daga wannan taron suka ɗauki matakin kafa ƙungiyar Movement for Black Lives ta hukuma tare da tsara manufofin da za su zama jagora ga masu fafutuka daga sassa daban-daban na ƙasar domin kawo ƙarshen cin zarafin ’yan sanda da nuna wariya ga bakar fata a Amurka.&lt;ref name=&quot;cleveland2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bernard2017&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Walker|first=Carol Carter|date=August 31, 2015|title=The Movement For Black Lives Convening In Cleveland—A Transformative Experience|url=https://sidewithlove.org/ourstories/a-transformative-experience|access-date=March 15, 2017|website=Standing on the Side of Love}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Taron ya samu ƙarin kulawar kafafen yaɗa labarai na ƙasa baki ɗaya, a ranar ƙarshe na taron, lokacin da wani jami’in Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (RTA) ya fesa barkonon tsohuwa ga taron gungun masu zanga-zanga da yawancinsu bakar fata da ke da nisan kadan daga Jami’ar Cleveland State. Gungun sun taru ne sakamakon cafke wani yaro bakar fata da wani jami’in RTA ya yi saboda ya sha giya. A cewar hukumomi, matashin ya kasa kula da kansa saboda yawan shan giya, kuma hakan ya sa suka ga ya dace a tsare shi. Yayin da ake tsare yaron, mutane suka kewaye motar ’yan sanda domin nuna adawa, kuma domin warware hanyar motar, jami’in ’yan sandan sufuri ya fesa barkonon tsohuwa ga masu zanga-zanga. Wannan lamari ya jawo suka daga kungiyoyi masu kare haƙƙin bil’adama irin su ACLU na Ohio, inda suka ce amfani da barkonon tsohuwa wajen tarwatsa mutane yana da matsala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=July 30, 2015|title=ACLU Questions RTA Police Pepper Spray Incident at Close of Movement for Black Lives Convening|work=Targeted News Service|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1700329726/|access-date=March 15, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Yang|first=Jessica|date=July 30, 2015|title=RTA Officer Pepper Sprays Movement for Black Lives Gathering at CSU|work=University Wire; Carlsbad|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1770432115/|access-date=March 15, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Larimer|first=Sarah|date=July 27, 2015|title=Cleveland Authorities Investigating Officer Who Pepper-Sprayed 'Black Lives' Activists|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1702098777/|access-date=March 15, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nuna goyon bayan wasanni na ƙwararru ===

’Yan wasa daga fannoni daban-daban na wasanni na ƙwararru a Amurka sun nuna goyon bayansu ga wannan motsi ta hanyar gudanar da zanga-zanga. A shekarar 2016, ɗan wasan ƙwallon kafa Colin Kaepernick ya zaɓi durƙusawa yayin da ake rera taken ƙasa a wani wasan NFL. A lokacin hirar bayan wasa, Kaepernick ya bayyana da cewa, “Ba zan tsaya domin nuna alfahari da tutar ƙasa da ke zaluntar bakar fata da sauran masu launin fata ba.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=August 27, 2016|title=Colin Kaepernick explains why he sat during national anthem|language=en|work=NFL|url=https://www.nfl.com/news/colin-kaepernick-explains-why-he-sat-during-national-anthem-0ap3000000691077|access-date=March 15, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kaepernick da wasu ’yan wasa sun fuskanci suka mai tsanani saboda wannan ɗabi’a a lokacin kakar wasan 2016, har da fuskantar suka daga Alkalin Kotun Ƙoli Ruth Bader Ginsburg, wacce ta ce, “Shin zan kama su saboda hakan? A’a… amma hakan ba da hankali ba ne kuma rashin girmamawa ne.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Bieler|first=Des|date=October 12, 2016|title=Colin Kaepernick responds to Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's criticism of anthem protests|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2016/10/12/colin-kaepernick-responds-to-justice-ruth-bader-ginsburgs-criticism-of-anthem-protests/|access-date=March 16, 2017|newspaper=Washington Post}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da cewa wannan mataki ya jawo ra’ayoyi masu ɗimbin yawa, amma ya sanya batun rayuwar bakar fata a gaba da gaba cikin tattaunawar ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sandritter|first=Mark|date=September 11, 2016|title=All the athletes who joined Kaepernick's national anthem protest|url=https://www.sbnation.com/2016/9/11/12869726/colin-kaepernick-national-anthem-protest-seahawks-brandon-marshall-nfl|access-date=March 16, 2017|website=SBNation|publisher=Vox Media}}&lt;/ref&gt;

’Yan wasa daga sauran wasannin ƙwararru kamar NBA suma sun shiga cikin nuna goyon baya ga motsin. A 2016, LeBron James, Chris Paul, Dwyane Wade, da Carmelo Anthony sun hau mataki a bikin ESPY domin bayar da “kiran aiki” dangane da harbe-harben da aka yi wa Philando Castile da Alton Sterling, da kuma mutuwar ’yan sanda biyar da aka kashe a Dallas. Wadannan taurarin NBA sun yi amfani da damar wajen ƙarfafa hadin kai a tsakanin masu ra’ayoyi daban-daban. Dwyane Wade ya ce, “Dakata da nuna wariya bisa launin fata… amma kuma ramuwar gayya ma ta daina. Ya isa haka.” Sun ƙara da kiran Amurkawa da su “ƙi duk wani tashin hankali,” su maida hankali kan sake gina al’ummomin da ke daure da juna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Bieler|first=Des|date=July 13, 2016|title=NBA superstars issue 'call to action' for fellow athletes in appearance at ESPYs|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2016/07/13/nba-superstars-issue-call-to-action-for-fellow-athletes-in-appearance-at-espys/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Huddleston|first=Tom|date=July 14, 2016|title=LeBron James and Fellow NBA Stars Call for Nonviolence at ESPYs|work=Fortune|url=https://fortune.com/2016/07/14/epsys-gun-violence-lebron-james/|access-date=March 16, 2017}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|last1=Ockerman|first1=Emma|last2=Chan|first2=Rosalie|date=July 7, 2016|title=Thousands of New Yorkers Protest Police Shootings of Black Men|magazine=Time|url=https://time.com/4397693/minnesota-shooting-police-new-york-protests/|access-date=March 16, 2017|archive-date=March 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316113430/http://time.com/4397693/minnesota-shooting-police-new-york-protests/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Yajin Aiki don Rayuwar Bakar Fata ===

A ranar 20 ga Yuli, 2020, ƙungiyar Movement for Black Lives tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi fiye da 60 ciki har da wasu ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, sun shirya yajin aikin Strike for Black Lives. A matsayin wani ɓangare na zanga-zangar George Floyd da kuma motsin Black Lives Matter gaba ɗaya, yajin aikin ya ƙunshi ficewar ma’aikata a fadin ƙasar don neman adalci na kabilanci da tattalin arziki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Billings|first=Kevin|date=July 20, 2020|title=Thousands Of Workers To Participate In 'Strike For Black Lives' Protests|url=https://www.ibtimes.com/thousands-workers-participate-strike-black-lives-protests-3014077|access-date=July 23, 2020|website=International Business Times|publisher=IBT Media}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karɓuwa ==

Ƙungiyoyi kamar National Council of Asian Pacific Americans, ACLU na Arewacin California, da National Council of Jewish Women sun nuna goyon bayansu ga Gwagwarmayar Rayukan Baƙaƙe (Movement for Black Lives) ta hanyar fitar da bayani a fili bayan wallafa manufofinta da ya jawo cece-kuce. Kiran da Gwagwarmayar Rayukan Baƙaƙe ta yi na gyaran tsarin shari’a da kawo ƙarshen cin zarafin ‘yan sanda ya samu karɓuwa daga ƙungiyoyin rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam. A cikin wata sanarwa, National Council of Jewish Women ta bayyana da cewa, &quot;NCJW tana tabbatar da cewa rayukan baƙaƙe na da muhimmanci, ciki har da Yahudawa masu launin fata, waɗanda sune muhimmin ɓangare na al’ummominmu na Yahudawa da NCJW. Muna gane cewa al’ummomin baƙaƙe da na Yahudawa suna da alaƙa mai ƙarfi, kuma gwagwarmayarmu don adalci na zamantakewa tana haɗe da juna.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;proquest2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=August 8, 2016|title=NCJW Responds to Movement for Black Lives Platform|work=Targeted News Service|id={{ProQuest|1810281606}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{pb}}

Gwagwarmayar Rayukan Baƙaƙe ta samu ƙarin goyon baya daga Democracy for America bayan fitar da kundin manufofinta. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofin wannan gwagwarmaya shine haɓaka tsarin dimokuraɗiyya wanda zai fi wakiltar al’ummomin baƙaƙe a Amurka. Ƙungiyoyi da dama na siyasa sun nuna haɗin kai da M4BL domin, a cewar Democracy for America, ana ganin ta a matsayin &quot;mabuɗin tattaunawa mai ma’ana da ta ƙunshe da sakamako waɗanda shugabannin yanzu da masu zuwa na jam’iyyar Democrat za su yi da al’ummomin da suke wakilta.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;gale2016&quot;&gt;&quot;Democracy for America Endorses Movement for Black Lives Policy Platform; For Editor Vail (speech).&quot; ''Targeted News Service'', 7 Dec. 2016. ''Infotrac Newsstand'', http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=STND&amp;sw=w&amp;u=lom_umichanna&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;id=GALE%7CA472997999&amp;sid=summon&amp;asid=c843213d4a832dfeadc34b9f83316ea6{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Accessed 7 Mar. 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, manufofin wannan gwagwarmaya na haɓaka sauyi a fannoni na tattalin arziki, siyasa da zamantakewa sun bayar da wata &quot;ƙa’ida mai ƙarfi&quot; ga ‘yan majalisa masu zuwa don su fahimci matsalolin da ke addabar al’ummomin baƙaƙe da kuma nemo mafita.{{pb}}

A shekarar 2016, Ford Foundation ta haɗu da Borealis Philanthropy, wata ƙungiyar tallafi, domin kafa wata asusu mai suna &quot;Black-Led Movement Fund&quot; da nufin &quot;samar da dala miliyan 100 domin tallafawa Gwagwarmayar Rayukan Baƙaƙe.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2016/08/08/funding-black-lives-matter-ford/|title=Who Is Funding Black Lives Matter: Ford Foundation|last=McGirt|first=Ellen|website=Fortune|access-date=2017-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fordfoundation.org/ideas/equals-change-blog/posts/why-black-lives-matter-to-philanthropy/|title=Why black lives matter to philanthropy|website=Ford Foundation|date=July 19, 2016 |access-date=2017-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko da yake Ford Foundation ta dakatar da wannan jarin gaba ɗaya daga baya, har yanzu tana bai wa ƙungiyoyi kuɗaɗe masu yawa don goyon bayan adalci na launin fata. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Grants All|url=https://www.fordfoundation.org/work/our-grants/grants-database/grants-all?page=2|access-date=2021-07-18|website=Ford Foundation|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; BLMF ta raba tallafi kaɗan-kaɗan ga ƙungiyoyi da dama a cikin wannan gwagwarmaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://borealisphilanthropy.org/grantmaking/black-led-movement-fund/grantees/|title=Grantees|work=Borealis Philanthropy|access-date=2017-06-24|language=en-US|archive-date=November 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122005538/https://borealisphilanthropy.org/grantmaking/black-led-movement-fund/grantees/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Zuwa ƙarshen shekarar 2020, Borealis Philanthropy ta raba dala miliyan 5.4 ga ƙungiyoyin tushe domin tallafawa M4BL. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-10|title=The Black-led Movement Fund Moves $5.4 Million to Grassroots Organizations in Fall 2020 - Borealis Philanthropy|url=https://borealisphilanthropy.org/blmf-moves-over-5million-fall-2020/|access-date=2021-07-18|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718175132/https://borealisphilanthropy.org/blmf-moves-over-5million-fall-2020/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai matsanancin rashin jin daɗi daga ƙungiyoyin Yahudawa dangane da kundin manufofin Gwagwarmayar Rayukan Baƙaƙe na shekarar 2016, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Jewish groups condemn Black Lives Matter platform for accusing 'apartheid' Israel of 'genocide'|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/jewish-allies-condemn-black-lives-matters-apartheid-platform-1.5421194|access-date=2020-06-14|newspaper=Haaretz|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-08-05|title=Why the Black Lives Matter Platform's False Accusation of Israeli 'Genocide' Was So Damaging|url=https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/from-left-to-right-jewish-groups-condemn-repellent-black-lives-matter-claim-of-israeli-genocide|access-date=2020-06-14|website=Tablet Magazine|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; inda M4BL ta bayyana cewa &quot;[Amurka] tana amfani da haɗin guiwa da Isra'ila don halatta kuma ci gaba da yaƙin da take da 'yan ta'adda a duniya, kuma tana da hannu cikin kisan ƙare dangi da ake yi wa al’ummar Palasɗinu&quot;, da cewa &quot;Isra’ila ƙasa ce ta wariyar launin fata&quot;, da cewa &quot;[Amurka] ta bayar da kuɗaɗen gina katangar wariya.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Invest–Divest |work=The Movement for Black Lives |url=https://policy.m4bl.org/invest-divest/ |publisher=Movement for Black Lives |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212055703/https://policy.m4bl.org/invest-divest/ |archive-date=12 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Primary source inline|date=June 2020}}

A watan Agusta na 2020, Gwagwarmayar Rayukan Baƙaƙe tare da fiye da ƙungiyoyi 100 na hagu, ciki har da Council on American-Islamic Relations, Jewish Voice for Peace da Jews for Racial and Economic Justice, sun sanya hannu a wata wasiƙar bude wadda ke kira da a katse hulɗa da Anti-Defamation League (ADL) saboda goyon bayanta ga Isra’ila. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-08-13|title=Left-wing activists call for boycott of Anti-Defamation League|url=https://forward.com/fast-forward/452610/left-wing-activists-call-for-boycott-of-anti-defamation-league/|access-date=2020-08-24|website=Forward.com\language=en}}; [https://droptheadl.org/ Open letter to progressives: The ADL is not an ally.] ''droptheadl.org'', August 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Mohammed Ameziane</title>
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'''Mohammed ben al-Hajj Amezian''' (1859 - 15 ga Mayu 1912), wanda kuma Spaniya suka fi sani da '''El Mizzian''', wani sharifi ne na Moroko wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jagoran Rifian adawa da mulkin Spain a arewacin Maroko kafin hawan Abd el-Krim a shekarar 1921. &lt;ref name=&quot;centenario1909.es&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-05-17 |title=Intervención en el Rif y evolución de Melilla |url=http://www.centenario1909.es/intervencion.html#combate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517022240/http://www.centenario1909.es/intervencion.html#combate |archive-date=17 May 2009 |access-date=2024-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
Sharif Mohamed Amezian ya kasance daga dangin Sharifan [[Larabawa]] waɗanda suka samo asali daga zuriyar [[Alhasan ɗan Ali|Hasan ibn Ali]] da [[Fatima]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-04-29 |title=الشريف محمد أمزيان.. زعيم المقاومة الريفية – معلمة |url=https://ma3lama.com/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%b2%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%8a/ |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=ma3lama.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; An yi imanin cewa Amezian ya fito ne daga zuriyar [[Daular Idrisid|Idrisid]] Hammudids da ke zaune a cikin ƙabilar Qala'iya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Codingest |title=سيرة الشريف محند أمزيان أحد مجاهدي الريف الأوائل الذين قاوموا الاستعمار والضغائن |url=https://critique.ma/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86 |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=كريتيك |language=Ar }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyalinsa sun kirkiro Zawiya Al Qadiria wanda kuma [[Zawiya]] na Sidi Ahmed ou Abdsalam ya fi sani da shi a Azghenghan. &lt;ref name=&quot;centenario1909.es&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sharif {{!}} Middle Eastern, Islamic, Leader {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/sharif |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amezian ya haddace [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alqur'ani]] a cikin zawiyar mahaifinsa sannan ya shiga [[Jami'ar al-Karaouine|masallacin al-Qarawiyyin]] don kammala karatunsa tsakanin shekarun 1887 zuwa 1891. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Rikici da Bou Hmara ==
Bayan shekarar 1907, bayan dakatarwar da Bou Hmara ya yi na ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a yankin zuwa Spaniya, Ameziane ya gurfanar da tsohon. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saha |first=Mustapha |date=14 February 2020 |title=L'extraordinaire parcours de Bou Hmara |url=https://www.leconomiste.com/article/1057332-l-extraordinaire-parcours-de-bou-hmara}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bou hmara ya yi kokarin kama shi a farkon shekara ta 1907, amma ya yi nasarar tserewa ya kuma fake da sojojin Morocco wanda sansaninsu ke kusa da Melilla.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2020}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)&quot;&gt;abubuwan da ake bukata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ameziane ya fafata da sojojinsa a lokacin da suka yi yunkurin kawar da tawayen Bou hmara a yankin gabas. Sai dai kuma Bou hmara da tawagarsa sun yi galaba a kan Makhzen mai rauni a shekara ta 1907, sannan sauran sojojin da suka haɗa da Amezian suka fake a Melilla a farkon shekara ta 1908.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2020}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)&quot;&gt;abubuwan da ake bukata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A lokacin mulkin Bou hmara a gabashin Rif ya ba wa kamfanoni biyu izini, na Spain da na Faransa, da su yi amfani da ƙarfe da gubar ma'adinan Bouifror da gina layin dogo guda biyu da ke haɗa su da Melilla. Sai dai bayan murkushe 'yan ƙabilar Ait Waryaghel da suka yi wa Bou hmara ya koma gabas ya gano cewa ƙabilar Riffian ta gabacin sun zaɓi Cherif Mohamed Amezian a matsayin shugabansu a watan Oktoban shekara ta 1908.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2020}}Sun &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)&quot;&gt;kawo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D; &amp;#x5B;&lt;/sup&gt; ayyukan titin jirgin ƙasa da kuma amfani da ma'adinai.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2022}}

Bou hmara, ba shi da isasshen tallafin Spaniya, an tilasta masa ficewa daga yankin a ƙarshen shekarar 1908. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Saro Gandarillas |first=Francisco |year=1993 |title=Los orígenes de la Campaña del Rif de 1909 |url=http://revistas.uned.es/index.php/ALDABA/article/view/20298/16808 |journal=Aldaba |location=Melilla |publisher=[[Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia|UNED]] |issue=22 |page=123 |doi=10.5944/aldaba.22.1993.20298 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |issn=0213-7925 |doi-access=free |access-date=4 June 2025 |archive-date=28 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028160119/https://revistas.uned.es/index.php/ALDABA/article/view/20298/16808 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tawaye da Spain ==
Spain ta yi amfani da tawayen Bou hmara baya ga rashin zaman lafiya da ya mamaye yankin gabas da kuma kiyayyar da ke tsakanin ƙabilun Riffian. A cikin watan Fabrairu da Maris 1909 ta sami nasarar mamaye Kariat Arekmane da Ras El Ma, sannan ta ci gaba da gina layin dogo da ma'adinai. Har ila yau, ta ci gajiyar tasirin da ƙawayenta ke da shi a yankin, ta kuma zuba musu kuɗi baya ga samar musu da sabbin makamai masu linzami, sun kasance suna goyon bayan kutsen Spain a fili, har ma da kokarin shawo kan manyan mutane da ƙabilu kan fa'idar mamayewar Spain.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2024}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)&quot;&gt;abubuwan da ake bukata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Amezian ya tsaya tsayin daka wajen adawa da mamayewar Spain kuma ya ki yarda da duk wani tayi da rugujewar da Janar José Marina Vega, gwamnan soja na Melilla ya bayar. Bayan ganawa da ƙabilun rafiyan waɗanda ya yi taruka da su inda ya samu rakiyar Alfeqih Mohamed Hado Alazouzi tare da magance matsalar tsayin daka. Sa'an nan Cherif Mohamed Amezian ya jira har zuwa ƙarshen lokacin noma lokacin da manoma suke tattara amfanin gonakinsu da kuma bakin haure na lokaci-lokaci da suka dawo daga Aljeriya don nuna adawarsa ta soja ta hanyar kai hari kan Sidi Mosa a ranar 9 ga watan Yuli 1909, don haka, ya kawo ƙarshen girgizar ra'ayi da shakkun da ya fara fahimta a cikin ƙabilu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2024}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)&quot;&gt;abubuwan da ake bukata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Bayan da aka dakatar da gina hanyar jirgin ƙasa, ayyukan gine-gine sun sake komawa kuma, a ranar 9 ga watan Yuli, Ameziane ya haifar da wata ƙungiya ta Riffian (wanda ya sa su yi imani cewa za su sami goyon baya daga ƙabilun da ke makwabtaka) don kai hari ga ƙungiyar ma'aikatan Spain 13, suna kashewa da kuma yanke makogwaro na 4 daga cikinsu kuma sun raunata 3.  {{Refn|The killed workers were: Emilio Esteban (born in Jérica), Cristóbal Sánchez (the foreman), Tomás Alineida (a Cuban mulatto), and Salvador Pérez.&lt;ref name=noval&gt;{{Cite book|title=El cabo Noval en el centenario de la campaña de 1909|first=Marcos|last=Mayorga Noval|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Spain)|Ministerio de Defensa]]|year=2009|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/libro/468972.pdf|page=66}}&lt;/ref&gt;|group=n.}} Wannan ya haifar da ramuwar gayya ta Marina Vega, ta fara yaƙin neman zaɓe na Mellilan na biyu.

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Mustafa Bouyali</title>
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'''Mustafa Bouyali''' ([[Larabci]] : مصطفى بويعلي) shi ne jagoran Harkar Musulunci ta Aljeriya, kungiyar 'yan tawaye da ke kewayen Larbaa kudancin [[Aljir|Algiers]], daga shekarun 1982 zuwa 1987.

== Rayuwa ==
An haife shi a shekara ta 1940, Bouyali ya yi yaƙi a Ƙungiyar neman 'Yanci ta Ƙasa (FLN) a [[Yaƙin Aljeriya|Yaƙin neman 'Yancin ƙasar Aljeriya]], ya zama kyaftin. A cikin shekarun 1963-1965, ya shiga cikin maquis na FFS, wanda ya kai ga cire shi daga FLN. Daga baya ya zama ma’aikacin lantarki na kamfanin wutar lantarki na ƙasa SONELEC, kuma ya haifi ‘ya’ya bakwai. A kusan ƙarshen shekarun 1970, ya faɗa ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Abdelhadi Doudi|limamin]] [[El-Achour Mosque|masallacin El-Achour]], a kudancin Algiers, kuma ya fara wa'azi a wannan masallaci a shekarar 1980. An bayyana shi a matsayin limami mai hangen nesa wanda ya yi wa'azi kan zaluncin Aljeriya da ƙasashen yamma suka yi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Algeria: Bloody Past and Fractious Factions |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/algeria-bloody-past-and-fractious-factions |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=www.wilsoncenter.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 1979, ya kafa &quot;Group for Defence against the Inlicit&quot;, da nufin tursasawa gwamnati ta aiwatar da manufofin da ake ganin suna nuna ɗabi'un Musulunci, kamar aiwatar da [[Shari'a|shari'ar Musulunci]]. Yayin da kokarinsa ya gaza, sai ya fara la'akari da yuwuwar yunkurin yin amfani da makamai, kuma ya fara tara makamai tun tsakiyar shekarar 1981. A watan Afrilun 1982, an yi arangama tsakanin ƙungiyarsa da ‘yan sanda inda aka harbe ɗan uwansa Mokhtar; wannan al'amari ya tabbatar masa da cewa an kira tashin hankali.

A cikin watan Yuli 1982, Bouyali ya ɗauki maquis, tare da gagarumin tallafi a garuruwan gida, musamman Larbaa. Ƙungiyar &quot;Group for Defence against the Inlicic&quot; ta sanar da sauya sheka zuwa kungiyar Islamic Armed Movement (MAIA). A cewar gwamnatin, ta shirya kai hare-hare iri-iri, ciki har da kisan gillar da aka yi wa Firayim Minista, wanda aka yi wa katsalandan bayan da aka kama mambobinta 23 a tsakiyar watan Disamba. An sake kama shi a watan Janairun 1983. Duk da haka, Bouyali da kansa ya guje wa jami'an tsaro, kuma ya gudu zuwa ƙasashen waje (watakila [[Iran]] ko [[Libya]]).

A watan Mayun 1984, gwamnati ta saki wasu magoya bayansa 92. A cikin 'yan watanni, ya dawo, ya sake kafa abokan hulɗarsa, ya sake kafa MIA a cikin watan Fabrairu 1985, kuma ya sake yin yaki. A cikin watan Agusta, ƙungiyar ta kaddamar da wasu fitattun ayyuka guda biyu - fashi da makami a wata masana'anta a Algiers a ranar 21 ga wata, da kuma wani hari da aka kai a barikin 'yan sanda a Soumaa a ranar 27 ga wata, inda aka kashe wani jami'in 'yan sanda tare da ɗaukar makamai. Sun zana kalmar &quot;Allah mai ramuwa yana tare da mu!&quot; a tsallaka kofar barikin da ke Soumaa, don nuna cewa manufarsu ba laifi ba ce. A cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, ƙungiyarsa za ta ci gaba da fafutuka, inda za ta yi asara ga sojojin gwamnati idan an bi su, amma galibi suna kai hari ga cibiyoyin da take ganin ba su da tsarin Musulunci, kamar makarantun 'yan mata, ɗakunan karatu, gidajen cin abinci, da gidajen sinima. A ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairu, 1987,&lt;ref&gt;[https://uca.edu/politicalscience/home/research-projects/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/algeria-1962-present/#:~:text=Government%20policemen%20killed%20seven%20Islamic,death%20on%20July%2010%2C%201987. 30. Algeria (1962-present)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007212652/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/home/research-projects/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/algeria-1962-present/#:~:text=Government%20policemen%20killed%20seven%20Islamic,death%20on%20July%2010%2C%201987. |date=2024-10-07 }}. ''University of Central Kansas''. Retrieved 17 Jul 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;  Bouyali a ƙarshe ya faɗi cikin wani harin kwanton ɓauna da ƴan Jandarma suka yi a yankin Algiers bayan wani direbansa ya bayyana shi, kuma aka lalata ƙungiyar. An gurfanar da mambobinta da suka tsira a cikin watan Yuli, inda 5 daga cikin 202 da aka yi wa shari’a suka samu hukuncin kisa sannan 15 aka wanke su. An sake na ƙarshe daga cikin waɗannan a ranar 29 ga watan Yuli, 1990. A cikin shekarar 1991, da yawa daga cikin waɗannan, ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Abdelkader Chebouti]], sun sake kafa ƙungiyar a matsayin Harkar Musulunci Mai Makamai. Ba da daɗewa ba, wasu, irin su [[Mansour Meliani]], sun rabu da shi, inda suka sami ƙungiyar Islama ta Armed Armed.

Yana da ’ya’ya biyu maza da yanzu ke da shaguna a Aljeriya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=أونلاين |first=الشروق |date=December 18, 2012 |title=Interview- Islamist Bouali's brother: Bouali family joined FIS but did not support violence (last part) |url=https://www.echoroukonline.com/interview-islamist-boualis-brother-bouali-family-joined-fis-but-did-not-support-violence-last-part |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328231731/https://www.echoroukonline.com/interview-islamist-boualis-brother-bouali-family-joined-fis-but-did-not-support-violence-last-part |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023 |website=Echorouk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sources ==

* Willis, M. (1996). [https://books.google.com/books?id=-AFzAAAAMAAJ Kalubalen Islama a Aljeriya: Tarihin Siyasa] . Ƙasar Ingila: Ithaca Press.
* Evans, M., Phillips, J. (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=o6J5WNbL9e4C Aljeriya: Fushin wadanda aka kwace] . Italiya: Jami'ar Yale Press.

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.e-prism.org/images/b16.doc Takaitaccen tarihin Bouyali] (fayil ɗin DOC, a cikin Larabci, daga mahangar ƙwararrun MIA) 

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam</title>
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'''Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan 'Yancin Bil'adama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya''' {{Efn|Commonly known as the ''Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights'' or the ''United Nations Human Rights Office''.}} ( '''OHCHR''' ) wani sashe ne na Sakatariyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke aiki don haɓakawa da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam waɗanda aka ba da tabbacin ƙarƙashin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa kuma aka tanada a cikin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya]] na 1948. [[Babban Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta kafa ofishin a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1993 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Brief history |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ABOUTUS/Pages/BriefHistory.aspx |access-date=5 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; bayan [[Taron Duniya kan Hakkokin Dan Adam|taron 1993 na duniya kan 'yancin ɗan adam]] .

Ofishin yana karkashin jagorancin babban kwamishinan kare hakkin dan adam, wanda ke gudanar da ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama a cikin tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma yana aiki a matsayin sakatariyar hukumar kare hakkin bil'adama a [[Geneva]], Switzerland. Babban kwamishinan na takwas kuma na yanzu shine Volker Türk na [[Austriya|Ostiriya]], wanda ya gaji Michelle Bachelet ta [[Chile]] a ranar 8 ga Satumba 2022. 

A cikin 2018-2019, sashen yana da kasafin kuɗi na dalar Amurka miliyan 201.6 (kashi 3.7 na kasafin kuɗin yau da kullun na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=OHCHR {{!}} Funding and Budget |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/aboutus/pages/fundingbudget.aspx |access-date=5 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kusan ma'aikata 1,300 da ke Geneva da New York City. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=OHCHR {{!}} Who we are |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/WhoWeAre.aspx |access-date=5 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsohon memba ne na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Rukunin Raya Kasa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UNDG Members |url=http://www.undg.org/index.cfm?P=13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511144047/http://www.undg.org/index.cfm?P=13 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=10 December 2012 |publisher=Undg.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka da tsari ==

=== Umarni ===
[[Fayil:70_years_anniversary_of_the_Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights,_in_Kenya.jpg|thumb| Kasancewar OHCHR a bikin cika shekaru 70 na Yarjejeniyar Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Duniya, a Kenya]]
Wa'adin OHCHR ya samo asali ne daga Articles 1, 13 da 55 na [[Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Yarjejeniya Ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], [[Sanarwar Vienna da Shirin Aiki]] da Kudirin [[Babban Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] mai lamba 48/141 na 20 ga Disamba 1993, wanda Majalisar ta kafa mukamin babban kwamishinan kare hakkin bil'adama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=General Assembly resolution 48/141 of 20 December 1993 (A/RES/48/141) |url=https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/un-documents/document/ares48141.php |publisher=UN document}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dangane da shirin yin garambawul na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (A/51/950, sakin layi na 79), OHCHR da Cibiyar Haƙƙin Bil Adama an haɗa su zuwa OHCHR guda ɗaya a ranar 15 ga Satumba 1997.

=== Manufa ===
Makasudin OHCHR shine:

# Haɓaka jin daɗin duk wani haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam ta hanyar ba da tasiri mai amfani ga nufin da ƙudurin al'ummar duniya kamar yadda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana.
# Yi jagoranci kan lamuran haƙƙin ɗan adam da kuma jaddada mahimmancin haƙƙin ɗan adam a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙasa
# Haɓaka haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa don haƙƙin ɗan adam
# Ƙarfafawa da daidaita ayyuka don haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
# Haɓaka tabbatar da duniya da aiwatar da ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa
# Taimakawa wajen haɓaka sabbin ka'idoji
# Taimakawa sassan haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙungiyoyin sa ido kan yarjejeniya
# Amsa ga manyan take haƙƙin ɗan adam
# Ɗauki matakin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam
# Haɓaka kafa cibiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa
# Gudanar da ayyuka da ayyuka na filin haƙƙin ɗan adam
# Samar da ilimi, sabis na ba da shawara da taimakon fasaha a fagen haƙƙin ɗan adam

=== Ƙungiya ===
OHCHR ya kasu kashi-kashi, kamar yadda aka bayyana a kasa. OHCHR tana karkashin jagorancin Babban Kwamishina mai matsayi na Mataimakin Sakatare-Janar .

==== Babban Kwamishinan Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam (Kaddashin Sakatare-Janar) ====
Babban Kwamishinan ‘Yancin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wanda ke kula da babban sakatare, shi ne ke da alhakin dukkan ayyukan OHCHR, da kuma gudanar da ayyukanta, kuma yana gudanar da ayyukan da [[Babban Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta ba shi musamman a kudurinsa mai lamba 48/141 na 20 ga Disamba 1993 da kuma kudurori na gaba na kungiyoyin tsara manufofi. Shi ko ita yana ba da shawara ga Sakatare-Janar game da manufofin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a fannin haƙƙin ɗan adam, yana tabbatar da cewa an ba da tallafi mai mahimmanci da gudanarwa ga ayyuka, ayyuka, gabobin da hukumomin shirin haƙƙin ɗan adam, yana wakiltar babban sakatare a tarurrukan ƙungiyoyin haƙƙin ɗan adam da sauran abubuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam, yana aiwatar da ayyuka na musamman kamar yadda babban sakatare ya yanke shawara. Kazalika waɗancan haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam waɗanda a halin yanzu suna cikin yarjejeniyoyin da suka ɗaure doka, babban kwamishinan kuma yana haɓaka haƙƙin ɗan adam har yanzu ba a san shi a cikin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa (kamar ɗaukar [[Hakkin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu|haƙƙoƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu]] a matsayin fifikon dabaru, waɗanda ba duk a halin yanzu an san su a cikin ƙa'idodin doka na duniya). 

==== Mataimakin Babban Kwamishinan Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam (Mataimakin Sakatare-Janar) ====
Babban jami'in kare hakkin bil'adama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, a yayin gudanar da ayyukansa, yana samun taimakon mataimakin babban kwamishina wanda ke aiki a matsayin jami'in gudanarwa a lokacin da babban kwamishina ba ya nan. Bugu da kari, mataimakin babban kwamishina yana gudanar da wasu ayyuka na musamman da na gudanarwa kamar yadda babban kwamishinan ya yanke shawara. Mataimakin yana da alhakin babban kwamishinan.

Mataimakiyar babban kwamishina mai kula da haƙƙin ɗan adam na yanzu ita ce 'yar Australiya Kate Gilmore . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deputy High Commissioner |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/aboutUs/Pages/DeputyhighCommissioner.aspx |access-date=3 December 2013 |publisher=Ohchr.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==== Mataimakin Sakataren Gwamnati na Harkokin ’Yancin Dan Adam (Hedikwatar MDD New York) ====
Mataimakin sakataren gwamnati na harkokin ’yancin dan adam (ba za a rikita shi da mataimakin babban kwamishina ba, wanda shima yana da matsayin mataimakin sakatare-janar) yana zaune ne a birnin New York kuma yana jagorantar Ofishin Babban Kwamishina na New York. Wannan ofishi yana wakiltar babban kwamishina a Hedikwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a New York, kuma yana tallata haɗakar da harkokin ’yancin dan adam a cikin tsare-tsaren manufofi da ayyuka da ƙungiyoyin gwamnati da na haɗin gwiwa ke gudanarwa a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

An kafa mukamin mataimakin sakataren gwamnati na harkokin ’yancin dan adam a shekarar 2010, lokacin da aka naɗa Ivan Šimonović a matsayin na farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/ASG.aspx |title=Ivan Šimonović Secretary-General for Human Rights |publisher=Ohchr.org |date=17 July 2010 |access-date=10 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025140656/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/ASG.aspx |archive-date=25 October 2012 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
Daga 2016 zuwa 2019, Andrew Gilmour ne ya riƙe wannan mukami.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/AndrewGilmour.aspx|title=OHCHR {{!}} Andrew Gilmour|website=ohchr.org|access-date=2018-12-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
Tun daga 2020, Ilze Brands Kehris ce ke rike da wannan mukami.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/IlzeBrandsKehris.aspx|title=OHCHR {{!}} Ilze Brands Kehris|website=ohchr.org|access-date=2021-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ofishin Ma’aikata na Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Kan Harkokin ’Yancin Dan Adam ====
Ofishin Ma’aikata yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin wani shugaba wanda ke da alhakin gabatar da rahoto ga babban kwamishina. Manyan ayyukan wannan ofishi sun haɗa da:

# Taimaka wa babban kwamishina wajen jagoranci da sa ido gaba ɗaya akan ayyukan shirin kare hakkin dan adam
# Taimaka masa wajen ƙirƙira, sadarwa, aiwatarwa da tantance manufofi da ayyuka don kare da haɓaka hakkin dan adam
# Taimakawa wajen riƙe dangantaka da gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ƙungiyoyin duniya da ƙasa, ƙungiyoyin fararen hula, kamfanonin masu zaman kansu da cibiyoyin ilimi
# Ci gaba da hulɗa akan harkokin manufofi tare da Ofishin Sakataren Janar da sauran ofisoshi a Hedikwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da masu magana da yawun sakatare-janar a New York da Geneva da kafafen watsa labarai
# Gudanar da tara kuɗi da ayyuka na musamman kamar yadda babban kwamishina ya dora masa
# Taimaka wajen haɓaka da kula da tsarin gudanarwa da tsara ayyukan shirin kare hakkin dan adam da kuma shirya rahotannin shekara-shekara kan ayyuka da nasarori
# Wakiltar babban kwamishina a taruka da gabatar da jawabi a madadinsa

====Sashen Gudanarwa====
Sashen Gudanarwa yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugaban sashen, Kyle F. Ward, wanda ke da alhakin bayar da rahoto ga mataimakin babban kwamishina. Ayyukan asali na wannan sashen, banda waɗanda aka tsara a sashen 7 na sanarwar babban sakatare ST/SGB/1997/5, sun haɗa da:

# Ba da shawara ga babban kwamishina kan harkokin kasafin kuɗi, kudi da ma'aikata da suka shafi shirin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam
# Taimaka wa babban kwamishina da ma'aikatan da suka dace wajen aiwatar da nauyin su na kuɗi, ma’aikata da na gudanarwa gaba ɗaya da gudanar da shirye-shiryen ƙwararrun masu haɗin gwiwa da masu koyon aiki

====Ofishin New York====
Ofishin New York yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin mataimakin sakatare-janar wanda ke da alhakin bayar da rahoto ga babban kwamishina. Ayyukan asali na ofishin New York sun haɗa da:

# Wakiltar babban kwamishina a hedikwata, a tarukan ƙungiyoyin yanke manufofi, tare da ofisoshin dindindin na ƙasashe mambobi, a tarukan sassa da hukumomin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, tare da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru, a tarukan ilimi da kuma tare da kafafen yaɗa labarai
# Bayar da shawarar manufofi da shawarwari kan muhimman al’amura ga babban kwamishina
# Samar da bayani da shawarwari kan haƙƙin ɗan adam ga Ofishin Zartarwa na Babban Sakataren Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya
# Ba da goyon bayan ainihi kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam ga Babban Taro, Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa da sauran ƙungiyoyin yanke manufofi da ke New York
# Ba da kayan aiki da bayani ga ofisoshin dindindin, sassan Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, hukumomi da shirye-shirye, ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, kafafen yaɗa labarai da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki dangane da shirin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam
# Ba da tallafi ga babban kwamishina da sauran jami’ai, da kuma ga masu ba da rahoto na musamman da wakilai na musamman yayin da suke aikin a birnin New York
# Ɗaukar wasu takamaiman ayyuka kamar yadda babban kwamishina ya tsara

====Sashen Hulɗa da Jigo, Tsare-tsare na Musamman da Haƙƙin Ci gaba====
Wannan sashen yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin darekta wanda ke da alhakin bayar da rahoto ga babban kwamishina. Ayyukan asali sun haɗa da:

# Ƙarfafawa da kare haƙƙin ci gaba, musamman ta hanyar:
## Taimakawa ƙungiyoyin kwararrun gwamnatoci wajen tsara dabarar haƙƙin ci gaba
## Taimakawa wajen nazarin rahotannin zaɓi da ƙasashe ke miƙa wa babban kwamishina game da matakan da aka ɗauka don cimma haƙƙin ci gaba da ƙalubalen da aka fuskanta
## Gudanar da bincike kan haƙƙin ci gaba da shirya takardun ainihi don gabatarwa ga Babban Taro, Kwamitin Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam da ƙungiyoyin yarjejeniyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya
## Taimakawa wajen shirya ayyukan sabis na ba da shawara da kayan karatu kan haƙƙin ci gaba
## Ba da cikakken bincike da goyon baya ga babban kwamishina a cikin aikinsa na ƙarfafa goyon bayan tsarin duka ga haƙƙin ci gaba
# Gudanar da bincike kan dukkan fannoni na haƙƙin ɗan adam da suka shafi ƙungiyoyin haƙƙin ɗan adam na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya bisa fifikon da aka kafa a cikin Sanarwar Vienna da Matakin Aiki da kuma ƙudurin ƙungiyoyin yanke manufofi
# Taimakawa ayyukan masu rike da mandatar Tsare-tsaren Musamman na Majalisar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam
# Ba da sabis na ainihi ga ƙungiyoyin haƙƙin ɗan adam da ke cikin ayyukan kafa ƙa'idoji
# Shirya takardu, rahotanni ko ra’ayoyin rahotanni, taƙaitawa da takardun matsayi da kuma haɗa muhimman bayanai zuwa cikin kayan bayani da wallafe-wallafe
# Bayar da nazari, shawara da jagoranci kan hanyoyin gudanar da aiki
# Gudanar da ayyukan bayani na shirin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, ciki har da cibiyar takardu da ɗakin karatu, sabis na tambayoyi da kuma bayanan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam
# Shirya nazari kan muhimman sashe na Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don amfani a cikin kundin Ayyukan Majalisar

====Sashen Majalisar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da Tsarin Yarjejeniya====
Wannan sashen yana ƙarƙashin darekta wanda ke da alhakin bayar da rahoto ga babban kwamishina. Ayyukan asali sun haɗa da:

# Tsara, shirya da gudanar da zaman/taro na Majalisar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara da ƙungiyoyin aiki da kuma kwamitocin da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙungiyoyin aikin su
# Tabbatar da cewa ana samar da goyon bayan ainihi cikin lokaci ga ƙungiyar yarjejeniya ta kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da abin ya shafa, ta hanyar amfani da albarkatun da suka dace na shirin haƙƙin ɗan adam
# Shirya rahotannin ƙasashe mambobi don nazari da bibiya ta ƙungiyar yarjejeniya da abin ya shafa da kuma bin diddigin matakan da aka yanke
# Shirya ko tsara shirya da miƙa duk takardu na ainihi da sauran takardu da goyon bayan daga sauran sassa zuwa ayyukan ƙungiyoyin yarjejeniyar da aka yi wa hidima, da kuma bibiya kan matakan da aka ɗauka a tarukan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi
# Tsara, shirya da gudanar da zaman hukumar amintattu na Asusun Tallafi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don ƴan adawa da azaba, da aiwatar da matakan da suka dace
# Gudanar da ƙorafe-ƙorafe da aka miƙa wa ƙungiyoyin yarjejeniyar ƙarƙashin matakai na zaɓi da waɗanda Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa ta kafa a ƙudurin ta na 1503 (XLVIII) na 27 Mayu 1970 da kuma tabbatar da ci gaba da bibiyar su

====Sashen Ayyuka a Filin Gwagwarmaya da Haɗin Gwiwar Fasaha====
Wannan sashen yana ƙarƙashin darekta wanda ke da alhakin bayar da rahoto ga babban kwamishina. Ayyukan sashen sun haɗa da:

# Haɓaka, aiwatarwa, sa ido da tantance ayyukan sabis na ba da shawara da taimakon fasaha bisa buƙatar gwamnatoci
# Gudanar da Asusun Zaɓi na Haɗin Gwiwar Fasaha a Fannin Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam
# Aiwasar da Shirin Ayyuka na Shekarar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don Ilimin Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam, ciki har da haɓaka kayan bayani da na ilimi
# Ba da tallafi ainihi da na gudanarwa ga ayyukan gano gaskiya da bincike kan haƙƙin ɗan adam, kamar masu ba da rahoto na musamman, wakilai da kwararru da ƙungiyoyin aiki da Kwamitin Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da/ko Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa suka ba da mandat domin magance takamaiman halin ƙasar ko abubuwan da ke shafar take haƙƙin ɗan adam a duniya, da kuma Kwamitin Musamman na Babban Taro na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ke Bincike kan Ayyukan Isra’ila da ke Shafar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam na Mutanen Falasdinu da Sauran Larabawa a Ƙasashen da aka Mamaye
# Tsara, goyon baya da tantance aikace-aikacen filin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, ciki har da tsara da haɓaka mafi kyawun dabi'u, hanyoyin gudanarwa da tsare-tsare ga duk ayyukan haƙƙin ɗan adam a filin
# Gudanar da asusun zaɓi don aikace-aikacen filin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam
# Gudanar da Asusun Zaɓi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan Sabbin Nau’ukan Bautar Zamani, Asusun Zaɓi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don Jama'ar Asali da kuma Asusun Zaɓi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don Shekaru Goma na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Jama'ar Asali na Duniya

&lt;sub&gt;(Tushen: Gidan Yanar Gizon OHCHR)&lt;/sub&gt;
== Kwamishinonin Ƙoli na Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya na Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam ==
[[File:High Commissioner Pillay Addresses HRC Special Session on Syria.jpg|thumb|Navi Pillay (tsakiya), Kwamishiniyar Ƙoli ta Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam daga 2008 zuwa 2014]]
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''Kwamishinonin Ƙoli na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam'''
!Hoto !! Suna !! Ƙasa !! Lokacin Aiki !! Bayani
|-
|[[File:Jose ayala lasso (cropped).jpg|100px]] ||José Ayala Lasso ||{{flagicon|Ecuador}} Ecuador || 1994–1997 ||
|-
|[[File:Mary Robinson (2014).jpg|100px]] ||Mary Robinson ||{{flagicon|Ireland}} Ireland || 1997–2002 || Ba a sabunta wa'adinta ba ta Sakataren Gaba Kofi Annan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/jul/31/uk.usa1|title=America forced me out, says Robinson|work=The Guardian|last=Burkeman|first=Oliver|date=31 July 2002|access-date=31 October 2008|archive-date=26 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826060118/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/jul/31/uk.usa1|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Sérgio Vieira de Mello.jpg|100px]] ||Sérgio Vieira de Mello ||{{flagicon|Brazil}} Brazil || 2002–2003 || Ya mutu a harin bam da aka kai kan otal ɗin Canal a Baghdad ranar 19 ga Agusta, 2003&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last =Power| first =Samantha| title =Chasing the Flame: One Man's Fight to Save the World| publisher =Penguin Books| year =2008| location =US| page =492| isbn =978-0-14-311485-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:#f7f7c7&quot;
| ||Bertrand Ramcharan ||{{flagicon|Guyana}} Guyana || 2003–2004 || ''Kwamishiniyar Ƙoli na riƙon ƙwarya''
|-
|[[File:Louise Arbour - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2011.jpg|100px]] ||Louise Arbour ||{{flagicon|Canada}} Canada || 2004–2008 || Ba ta nemi wa'adi na biyu ba&lt;ref&gt;United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (7 March 2008). ''[http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/8110FD4AAC669C5DC12574050049400C Louise Arbour will not be seeking a second term as High Commissioner]''. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527124612/http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/8110FD4AAC669C5DC12574050049400C |date=27 May 2013 }}. Retrieved on 1 September 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Navi Pillay June 2014.jpg|100px]] ||Navi Pillay ||{{flagicon|South Africa}} South Africa || 1 Satumba 2008 – 31 Agusta 2014 || An tsawaita wa'adinta da ƙarin shekaru biyu daga Babban Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a ranar 1 Satumba 2012&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/ga11244.doc.htm |title=United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Navi Pillay, to Serve Two More Years, by General Assembly Decision |publisher=Un.org |date=24 May 2012 |access-date=10 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein 2 (cropped).jpg|100px]] ||Prince Zeid bin Ra'ad bin Zeid al-Hussein 
|{{flagicon|Jordan}} Jordan 
| 1 Satumba 2014 – 31 Agusta 2018 || 
|-
|[[File:Portrait Michelle Bachelet.jpg|100px]] ||Michelle Bachelet
|{{flagicon|Chile}} Chile
| 1 Satumba 2018 &amp;ndash; 31 Agusta 2022
|An zaɓe ta daga Babban Taro a ranar 10 ga Agusta 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/08/1016782 |title='Pioneering' former Chilean President Michelle Bachelet officially appointed new UN human rights chief |date=10 August 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102150203/https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/08/1016782 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- 
|[[File:Volker Türk (2021) (cropped).jpg|100px]] ||Volker Türk ||{{flagicon|Austria}} Austria || 8 Satumba 2022 &amp;ndash; 31 Agusta 2026 || An naɗa shi daga Sakataren Gaba António Guterres a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2022 bayan amincewar Babban Taro.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Secretary-General António Guterres on Thursday appointed Volker Türk of Austria as the next United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, following approval by the General Assembly |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/09/1126291 |access-date=11 September 2022 |agency=UN News |date=8 September 2022 |archive-date=11 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911042832/https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/09/1126291 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Farge |first=Emma |date=September 8, 2022 |title=Austria's Turk appointed U.N. human rights chief |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/austrias-turk-proposed-be-next-un-human-rights-chief-2022-09-08/ |website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==Cikakkun Suka==
Dan jarida Emma Reilly ta fallasa imel a shekarun 2020 da 2021 inda Ofishin Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (OHCHR) ke ba da sunayen mahalarta tarukan haƙƙin ɗan adam na MDD 'yan asalin ƙasar Sin zuwa hannun gwamnatin ƙasar Sin idan aka nemi hakan. Wannan lamari ya faru fiye da sau ɗaya tun kafin 2012 har zuwa aƙalla 2019, duk da haramcin da ke kan irin wannan aiki. A wasu lokuta, bayan samun sunan wani gabanin taron daga MDD, Jam’iyyar Kwaminis ta Sin ta hana mai rajista fita daga kasar domin halartar taro a Geneva.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Leaked emails confirm UN passed info to China in name-sharing scandal|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/leaked-emails-confirm-un-passed-info-to-china-in-name-sharing-scandal/2114163|access-date=2021-03-01|website=aa.com.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Evansky|first=Ben|date=2019-12-14|title=UN Human Rights Office accused of helping China keep an eye on dissidents|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/un-human-rights-office-china-dissidents|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Fox News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=UN passed dissidents' info to China, says a UN employee|url=https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/un-passed-dissidents-info-to-china-says-a-un-employee-43393|access-date=2021-03-01|website=UN passed dissidents' info to China, says a UN employee|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Manazarta ==
{{reflist|2}}
==Ƙara karatu==
*{{cite journal|last=Ramcharan|first=Bertrand G.|year=2004|title=The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights – The Challenges of International Protection|journal=International Studies in Human Rights|publisher=Kluwer Publishers|volume=71}}
*{{cite journal|last=Hobbins|first=A.J.|year=2001|title=Humphrey and the High Commissioner: the Genesis of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights|journal=Journal of the History of International Law|issue=III|pages=38–74|doi=10.1163/15718050120956893}}
*{{cite book|last=de Zayas|first=Alfred|editor=Helmut Volger|title=Concise Encyclopedia of the United Nations|year=2002|publisher=Kluwer|pages=217–223|chapter=Human Rights, United Nations High Commissioner for}}
*{{cite book|last=de Zayas|first=Alfred|editor=Rudolf Bernhardt|title=Encyclopaedia of Public International Law|volume=IV|year=2000|publisher=Elsevier|location=Amsterdam|pages=1129–1132|chapter=United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights}}
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Gaer |editor1-first=Felice D. |editor2-last=Broecker |editor2-first=Christen L. |title=The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: Conscience for the World |date=2013 |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |isbn=978-90-04-25425-1 |language=en}}

==Mahaɗa==
*{{official website|https://www.ohchr.org}}
*[https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/RuleOfLaw/Pages/RuleOfLawIndex.aspx United Nations Rule of Law: The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights], on the [[rule of law]] work conducted by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.</text>
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    <title>Ned Nwoko</title>
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      <text bytes="17804" sha1="t76ke07amigoolmtws344zp0znq8bn8" xml:space="preserve">{{Mukala mai kyau}}{{Databox}}

Yarima '''Chinedu Munir Nwoko''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba 1960) wanda aka fi sani da '''Ned Nwoko''' lauya ne na Najeriya, mai ba da agaji, kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ke aiki a matsayin sanata wanda ke wakiltar gundumar Delta North a Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okogba |first=Emmanuel |date=20 February 2020 |title=Africa: Ned Nwoko Set to Become Africa's Biggest Humanitarian |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202002200083.html |access-date=19 February 2022 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kachi |first=Zeal |date=16 September 2021 |title=The undiluted story of Prince Ned Nwoko |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/celebrity/the-undiluted-story-of-prince-ned-nwoko/ |access-date=19 February 2022 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/600 |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=nass.gov.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Wakilai tsakanin 1999 da 2003 wakiltar Majalisa ta Tarayya ta [[Aniocha ta Kudu|Aniocha]] / [[Oshimili ta Arewa|Oshimili]], Jihar Delta . A watan Janairun 2020, ya gudanar da balaguron alama zuwa [[Antatika|Antarctica]] don dakatar da aikin kawar da cutar Malaria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 January 2020 |title=Antarctica: Ned Nwoko mounts Nigerian flag to create malaria eradication awareness (photos) |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/01/antarctica-ned-nwoko-mounts-nigerian-flag-to-create-malaria-eradication-awareness-photos/ |access-date=19 February 2022 |website=Vanguard}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake zabarsa don wakiltar mutanen gundumar Delta ta Arewa a 2023 a [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] wanda ke wakiltar Majalisa ta Arewa, Jihar Delta, Najeriya.

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Yarima Chinedu (Ned) Munir Nwoko a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1960 a cikin dangin sarauta na Nwoko, Masarautar Idumuje Ugboko a yankin karamar hukuma ta Aniocha ta Arewa. Ya sami ilimin firamare da sakandare a Najeriya. Ya ci gaba zuwa Ƙasar Ingila, ya sami digiri na farko a Shari'a da Tarihi a Jami'ar Keele, Staffordshire UK . Ya kuma halarci King's College London, inda ya sami LLM a cikin dokar teku da kasuwanci. Daga baya aka kira Nwoko zuwa mashaya ta Turanci, a Lincoln's Inn . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-09-16 |title=The undiluted story of Prince Ned Nwoko |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/celebrity/the-undiluted-story-of-prince-ned-nwoko/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba shi digiri na girmamawa a cikin Harafi (D.Litt) daga Kwalejin Jami'ar Commonwealth, Belize, Arewacin Amurka.

Nwoko ya fara aikin lauya tare da ɗan gajeren farawa a Ofishin Masu Shari'a na Crown kuma ya cancanci zama lauya a Ingila da Wales.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2025}}Ya yi aiki a Kumars Solicitors da Pascaldiers &amp; Co Solicitors kafin ya kafa Ned Nwoko &amp; Co Solicors a London.

Nwoko ya kasance babban sakatare, likitocin shari'a na Najeriya Burtaniya, memba na Law Society, Ingila da Wales kuma yana ba da shawara mai ziyara, ofishin ba da shawara ga 'yan ƙasa, [[Landan]] ke zaune a London. A lokacin da ya kasance a matsayin lauya a Burtaniya, yana da babbar kamfanin lauya a Ingila kuma an san shi a matsayin mafi kyawun lauyan baƙar fata na asalin Afirka a Ingila a shekarar 1995.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 15, 2021 |title=NED NWOKO Revisited: From London Onwards |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/12/ned-nwoko-revisited-from-london-onwards/}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Nwoko ya koma Najeriya a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1998 kuma ya shiga cikin siyasar Najeriya lokacin da aka zabe shi memba na Majalisar Wakilai tsakanin 1999 da 2003.  Ya wakilci mazabar tarayya ta Aniocha / Oshimili, yana nunawa mai ban sha'awa a majalisar dokoki.

Nwoko ya taimaka wajen fara dawo da London da Paris Club Loans zuwa Najeriya. Ya rubuta rahotanni da suka haifar da dakatar da gwamnatin Najeriya na cire kudade na kowane wata daga rabon jihohi da kuma fara mayar da kudade ga Jihohi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ogunesan |first=Tunde |date=July 7, 2019 |title=2019 Public Service: Ned Nwoko, Paris Club refund facilitator, delivers UI Alumni Association Lecture |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/2019-public-service-ned-nwoko-paris-club-refund-facilitator-delivers-ui-alumni-association-lecture/ |access-date=February 19, 2022 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta hanyar kamfaninsa na lauya, Ned Nwoko Solicitors da Kamfanin Linas International ya bincika masu ba da bashi na ƙasashe da yawa kuma ya gano bambance-bambance a cikin biyan bashin, kuma wannan ya haifar da mayar da bashin farko da ya fara daga gwamnatin Obasanjo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abubakar |date=March 28, 2018 |title=Nwoko: The Pathfinder of Nigeria's Economic Progress |url=https://leadership.ng/nwoko-the-pathfinder-of-nigerias-economic-progress/ |website=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |format=Opinion |access-date=July 5, 2025 |archive-date=February 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219085143/https://leadership.ng/nwoko-the-pathfinder-of-nigerias-economic-progress/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kuma caje gwamnatin Tarayya zuwa kotu a madadin kananan hukumomi 774 don dawo da kudaden da aka rage ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma ya sami hukunci na dala biliyan 3.2 ga kananan hukumomi. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya ta mayar da dukkan kudaden daidai da hukuncin kotun na 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=THERE'S MORE TO PRINCE NED NWOKO - MGBEKE MEDIA |url=https://mgbeke.media/theres-more-to-prince-ned-nwoko/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222004559/https://mgbeke.media/theres-more-to-prince-ned-nwoko/ |archive-date=2021-02-22 |website=mgbeke.media}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ba za a iya dogara da shi ba?]. Najeriya a karkashin Gwamnatin Buhari ta sami damar shawo kan koma bayan tattalin arzikinta wanda ya kai ga biyan albashi na ma'aikatan gwamnati da ci gaban ababen more rayuwa. An mayar da jimlar dala biliyan 20 ga Jihohi da Karamar Hukumar saboda aikinsa. Nwoko ya kuma yi aiki a Kwamitin Vision 2010 kuma memba ne na kasuwar babban birnin. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin waje na Vision 2010. Nwoko kuma ita ce Shugaban Shirin Yawon Bude Ido na Afirka . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Project Tourism Africa – Promoting the understanding of Africa's Uniqueness |url=http://projecttourismafrica.org/ |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=projecttourismafrica.org |archive-date=2022-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829190716/http://projecttourismafrica.org/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2023, an zabi Nwoko a matsayin sanata wanda ke wakiltar gundumar Sanata ta Delta ta Arewa a Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya. Kotun daukaka kara a Asaba ta amince da zabensa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Akinrogbe |first=Alex |date=2023-11-01 |title=3 Delta senators victorious in Appeal Court |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/11/01/3-delta-senators-victorious-in-appeal-court/ |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 30 ga watan Janairun 2025, Nwoko ya sanar da murabus dinsa daga PDP tare da shirye-shiryen shiga kungiyar All Progressive Congress (APC) ta Najeriya&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2025-01-30 |title=Nwoko's planned move to APC will bring fresh energy — Aide |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/01/nwokos-planned-move-to-apc-will-bring-fresh-energy-to-the-party-nigeria-aide/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tallafin kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro ==
Nwoko mai karfi ne na kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro a Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 17, 2019 |title=Ned Nwoko, Wizkid partnering to eradicate malaria in Africa |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/12/ned-nwoko-wizkid-partnering-to-eradicate-malaria-in-africa/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shi ne wanda ya fara aikin Ned Nwoko Malaria Eradication Project.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://nednwokomalariaproject.org/ |website=Prince Ned Nwoko Malaria Eradication Project}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2020 |title=Ned Nwoko Foundation reiterates commitment to malaria eradication in... |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/02/ned-nwoko-foundation-reiterates-commitment-to-malaria-eradication-in-africa/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kaddamar da yakin Ned Nwoko Malaria Eradication ta hanyar balaguron alama zuwa [[Antatika|Antarctica]] a watan Janairun 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 8, 2020 |title=Ned Nwoko Takes War Against Malaria to Antartica |url=https://guardian.ng/life/ned-nwoko-takes-war-against-malaria-to-antartica/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gidauniyar tana tallafawa kokarin da ake yi na ci gaban allurar rigakafi ta hanyar tallafawa bincike don rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan jami'o'i a Afirka da sauran cibiyoyin bincike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 1, 2020 |title=Malaria: FG backs Nwoko's planned fumigation of Nigeria |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/malaria-fg-backs-nwokos-planned-fumigation-of-nigeria/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 13, 2020 |title=Ali Modu Sheriff, Adamu Adamu endorses Ned Nwoko's Malaria Project |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/02/ali-modu-sheriff-adamu-adamu-endorses-ned-nwokos-malaria-eradication-project/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ziyarar Kudancin Pole ==
A watan Janairun 2020, Nwoko ya dakatar da kamfen ɗin kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro ta hanyar balaguron alama zuwa [[Antatika|Antarctica]]. Nwoko ya yi tarihi a matsayin baƙar fata na farko da ya ziyarci Kudancin Kudancin, Antarctica . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 9, 2020 |title=Nigerian politician takes malaria eradication campaign to Antarctica |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/371933-nigerian-politician-takes-malaria-eradication-campaign-to-antarctica.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nwoko ya yi amfani da hankali ga duniya wannan balaguron ya ja hankalin mutane don wayar da kan jama'a game da annoba ta Malaria da kuma yadda za a kawar da ita har abada a Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 24, 2020 |title=Ned Nwoko - the First African to Visit the South Pole |url=https://www.ghgossip.com/ned-nwoko-the-first-african-to-visit-the-south-pole/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507213919/https://www.ghgossip.com/ned-nwoko-the-first-african-to-visit-the-south-pole/ |archive-date=7 May 2023 |access-date=2 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nwoko da sauran masu kasada sun isa geographical South Pole, ɗaya daga cikin maki biyu inda axis na juyawa na Duniya ya haɗu da farfajiya. A can ya yi tarihi ga Najeriya da Afirka ta hanyar hawa tutar Najeriya wanda ya sa Najeriya ta zama kasa ta 13 da ta ɗaga tutar a can, ta sanar da duniya cewa Afirka a shirye take ta warware matsalar Afirka, zazzabin cizon sauro. Koyaya, Gwamnatin Najeriya dole ne ta ɗauki matakan da suka dace don tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Antarctic don tutar ta kasance a can.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 4, 2022 |title=Ned Nwoko -- the man, the mystery and the Midas touch |url=https://www.thecable.ng/ned-nwoko-the-man-the-mystery-and-the-midas-touch}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dutsen Ned Nwoko ==
Nwoko shine wanda ya kafa wurin yawon bude ido Mount Ned Nwoko, ɗaya daga cikin wuraren yawon bude hankali 21 da gwamnatin [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]] ta amince da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2019 |title=I want to make Delta world's tourist centre –Nwoko |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/i-want-to-make-delta-worlds-%ef%bf%bc%ef%bf%bc%ef%bf%bctourist-centre-nwoko/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shafin yawon bude ido ya kunshi gidan kayan gargajiya, gona, gidan zoo, tafkunan kifi, kaji da filin golf mai rami 9.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 26, 2018 |title=A Walk For Tourism ––Ned Nwoko Foundation |url=https://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=61869}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jami'ar Wasanni ==
Nwoko ita ce ta kafa Jami'ar Wasanni, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sports University Nigeria® |url=https://www.sportsuniversity.edu.ng/ |website=www.sportsuniversity.edu.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ke Idumuje ugboko, Jami'ar wasanni ta farko a yankin Saharar Afirka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nwoko Plans to Revolutionise Sports with Sports University – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/06/02/nwoko-plans-to-revolutionise-sports-with-sports-university/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 31, 2022 |title=Nigeria's first Sports University debuts in Idumuje-Ugboko |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/nigerias-first-sports-university-debuts-in-idumuje-ugboko/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jami'ar da gwamnatin tarayya ta Najeriya ta ba da lasisin aiki a cikin 2022 ta hanyar [[Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Kasa (NUC)|Hukumar Jami'o'i ta Kasa]] NUC, tana ba da darussan wasanni da sauran horo kuma za ta ci gaba da cikakken ayyukan ilimi nan ba da daɗewa ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2022 |title=Federal Government Approves Ned Nwoko's Sports University |url=https://www.primebusiness.africa/federal-government-approves-ned-nwokos-sports-university/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taimako ==
Ta hanyar kafuwarsa, Gidauniyar Yarima Ned Nwoko, ya ba da gudummawa ga karfafawa da ilimi ga matasa na mazabarsa, gundumar sanata da jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prince Ned Nwoko Foundation &amp;#124; Homepage |url=https://nednwokofoundation.org/ |website=nednwokofoundation.org |access-date=2025-07-05 |archive-date=2023-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507213910/https://nednwokofoundation.org/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2019, ya ba da gudummawar $ 273,000 (N100M) don farfado da ɓangarorin da suka gaza na hanyar da ke haɗa Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya zuwa babban birnin kasar, [[Abuja]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2019 |title=Delta Sen-Elect Donates N100M for Rehabilitation of S/East-Abuja Road |url=https://www.rootstv.ng/no-categoy/2019/05/delta-sen-elect-donates-n100m-for-rehabilitation-of-s-east-abuja-road/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507213910/https://www.rootstv.ng/no-categoy/2019/05/delta-sen-elect-donates-n100m-for-rehabilitation-of-s-east-abuja-road/ |archive-date=7 May 2023 |access-date=11 March 2020 |website=News &amp; Information You Need to Know from ROOTS TV}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Nwoko yana da mata da yawa da yara da yawa, 'yar wasan [[Nollywood]] [[Regina Daniels]] ita ce matarsa ta ƙarshe. A cewar www.kenyanhub.co.ke ya sake yin aure kuma matar tana da ciki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ayub |first=Simon |date=2021-07-16 |title=Ned Nwoko wives and children: names, photos, and everything you should know |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/392691-ned-nwoko-wives-children-names-photos-everything-know.html |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ajayi |first=Faith |date=2024-06-01 |title=Ned Nwoko, Regina Daniels mark five years of marital bliss |url=https://punchng.com/ned-nwoko-regina-daniels-mark-five-years-of-marital-bliss/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-02 |title=Ned Nwoko net worth - Dockaysworld |url=https://www.dockaysworld.com.ng/?s=Ned+Nwoko+net+worth+#google_vignette |access-date=2024-07-02 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da karbuwa ==

* 2022: Jama'ar Jama'a na Shekara - Jaridar Jagora &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 19, 2022 |title=Leadership Award: Ned Nwoko wins Social Impact Person of the year |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/05/leadership-award-ned-nwoko-wins-social-impact-person-of-the-year/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kyautar Bayani da Bayani - Jami'ar Jihar Delta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 16, 2020 |title=Conferment award of Media excellence and innovation on Prince Ned Nwoko |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/conferment-award-of-media-excellence-and-innovation-on-prince-ned-nwoko/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ICON OF PHILANThROPHY AWARD - Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2020 |title=UNN's Faculty of Arts to honour Ned Nwoko with Icon of Philanthropy Award |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/01/unns-faculty-of-arts-to-honour-ned-nwoko-with-icon-of-philanthropy-award/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018: Kyautar Darajar Afirka - Kyautar Jagora da Ƙarfafa Matasa 
* 2019: Kyautar Masu Samun Zaman Lafiya &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 29, 2022 |title=StackPath |url=https://leadership.ng/2019/07/26/ned-nwoko-ateke-tom-others-for-peace-achievers-awards/ |website=leadership.ng |access-date=July 5, 2025 |archive-date=August 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809234859/http://leadership.ng/2019/07/26/ned-nwoko-ateke-tom-others-for-peace-achievers-awards/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: Kyautar Kyautattun Kyaututtuka - Mutumin Shekara &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 27, 2019 |title=Philanthropist Prince Nwoko Bags Man of the year Award |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/11/philanthropist-prince-nwoko-bags-man-of-the-year-award/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: Abuja AR Reporters Awards- Mutumin shekara ta 2019 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DUBAI STANDS STILL AS NED NWOKO PICKS ANOTHER AWARD – Abuja Reporters |url=https://abujareporters.com.ng/dubai-stands-still-as-ned-nwoko-picks-another-award/ |website=abujareporters.com.ng}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: Suncity Champions of Democracy Awards - Ayyukan jin kai &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 20, 2019 |title=Hon. Dr. Ned Nwoko receives SuncityNews Champions of Democracy and Development award 2019 |url=http://www.suncitynewsng.com/hon-dr-prince-ned-nwoko-receives-suncity-champions-of-democracy-and-development-award-2019/}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] Nigeria Philanthropy Awards &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 5, 2020 |title=Ned Nwoko bags UNN Icon Award |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/02/ned-nwoko-bags-unn-icon-award/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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'''Mohammed Omar''' Bio ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne. A halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar Baruten/Kaiama tarayya a majalisar wakilai. An haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Yuni 1964, ya fito daga jihar Kwara. An fara zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisar wakilai a zaben 2019, kuma ya sake zabe a 2023 a karkashin jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress (APC).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Mohammed-Omar-Bio-2878 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=orderpaper.ng |archive-date=2025-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250108133151/https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Mohammed-Omar-Bio-2878 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/174 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=nass.gov.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/mohammed-omar-bio |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Category:Haifaffun 1964]]
[[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]]</text>
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'''Night/Ext''' fim ne na Masar wanda aka fitar a shekarar 2018 wanda [[Ahmad Abdalla]] ya jagoranta.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIFF&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ahmad Abdalla El Sayed's &quot; Night/Ext&quot; to participate in CIFF's official competition |url=https://www.ciff.org.eg/ahmad-abdalla-el-sayeds-night-ext-to-participate-in-ciffs-official-competition/ |access-date=24 August 2018 |website=CIFF }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; an nuna shi a cikin Sashen Cinema na Duniya na Zamani a Bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na Toronto na 2018&lt;ref name=&quot;TIFF&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=TIFF Adds More High-Profile Titles, Including Jonah Hill's 'Mid90s,' 'Boy Erased,' 'Hold the Dark,' and Many More |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2018/08/tiff-2018-additional-titles-mid90s-boy-erased-hold-the-dark-1201993789/ |access-date=24 August 2018 |website=IndieWire}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sherif Desoky ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a bikin fina-finai na Alkahira na 40 saboda rawar da ya taka a fim din.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Boas, Matthew |date=3 December 2018 |title=Álvaro Brechner wins the Golden Pyramid at Cairo with A Twelve-Year Night |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/363977 |access-date=4 December 2018 |publisher=Cineuropa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yin wasan shirin ==
* [[Karim Kassem]] a matsayin Moe
* [[Mona Hala]] a matsayin Toto
* Sherief El Desouky a matsayin Mustafa
* Ahmad Magdy a matsayin Magdi

==Manazarta== 
{{Reflist}} 
== Haɗin waje ==

* {{IMDb title|8526164|Night/Ext}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Night Ext}}
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An bayyana Isra'ila a cikin Sanarwar cewa 'yancin kai a matsayin &quot;jaha ta Yahudawa&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Avalon Project : Declaration of Israel's Independence 1948 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Avalon.law.yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; - an karɓi ma'anar doka &quot;Jiha ta Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot; a shekara ta 1985. Baya ga yawancin Yahudawa a yankin ban da [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Yankunan Palasdinawa]] da aka mamaye, Isra'ila gida ce ga 'yan tsiraru na addini da kabilanci, wasu daga cikinsu suna ba da rahoton nuna bambanci. A cikin yankunan Palasdinawa, Gwamnatocin Isra'ila da suka biyo baya sun fuskanci zargi na kasa da kasa daga wasu ƙasashe da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da na cikin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=Israel's apartheid against Palestinians |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Amnesty International]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shakir |first=Omar |date=2021-04-27 |title=A Threshold Crossed |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution |journal=[[Human Rights Watch]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Apartheid |url=https://www.btselem.org/topic/apartheid |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[B'Tselem]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ארכיון Settler Violence |url=https://www.yesh-din.org/en/category/settler-violence/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Yesh Din]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗaya daga cikin Dokokin Ƙananan na Isra'ila, wanda aka nufa don zama tushen kundin tsarin mulki na gaba,  Dokokin Ƙarshen: Darajar Dan Adam da 'Yanci, babban kayan aiki ne don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da' yancin jama'a a Jihar Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gavison |first=Ruth |year=1985 |title=The Controversy over Israel's Bill of Rights |journal=Israel Yearbook of Human Rights |volume=15 |pages=113–154}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah sun nuna cewa wannan dokar ba ta ƙunshi tanadi na gaba ɗaya don daidaito da rashin nuna bambanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inequality Report: The Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel - Adalah |url=https://www.adalah.org/en/content/view/7404 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.adalah.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, sun bayar da rahoton take hakkin bil'adama da kasar Isra'ila ke yi, musamman kan wasu tsiraru. Wadannan rahotanni sun hada da take hakkokin Falasdinawa, na ciki da wajen Isra'ila da kuma wasu kungiyoyi a Isra'ila.

Freedom House ya bayyana Isra'ila a matsayin 'yanci na siyasa da dimokuradiyya fiye da kasashe makwabta a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 January 2013 |title=US watchdog: Israel is Mideast's only 'free' state |url=https://www.jpost.com/National-News/US-watchdog-Israel-is-Mideasts-only-free-state |access-date=21 August 2018 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar na shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, Isra'ila na fuskantar manyan matsalolin kare hakkin bil'adama game da nuna wariya ga hukumomi a kan al'ummar Larabawa na Isra'ila (da yawa daga cikinsu suna bayyana kansu a matsayin Falasdinu), 'yan Isra'ila da mata na Habasha, da kuma kula da 'yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure. Sauran matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam sun haɗa da nuna wariyar hukuma ga Yahudawa waɗanda ba 'yan Orthodox ba da kuma iyalai masu aure, da cin zarafin ma'aikata a kan ma'aikatan kasashen waje.

== Tarihi ==
Majalisar Tarayyar Al'ummai ta amince da ƙuduri a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1931 game da yanayin da ake buƙata kafin a kawo ƙarshen mulkin. Sabuwar gwamnati ta samar da wata sanarwa ta baki ko rubuce-rubuce da ta amince da karɓar wajibin tabbatar da daidaito na kabilanci da addinai. Wannan ƙuduri ya biyo bayan tsohuwar doka ta duniya a lokuta inda manyan iko suka taimaka wajen maido da ikon mallakar yankin. Ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan &quot;Gwamnatin Falasdinu ta nan gaba&quot; ya ƙunshi duka shirin rabuwa da Shirin Kare Ƙananan .  Ya sanya 'yan tsiraru, mata, da' yancin addini a ƙarƙashin kariya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya. Shirin ya ba da takamaiman tabbacin haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali. Sabbin jihohin sun samar da sanarwa, wanda bisa ga abin da ya gabata ya yi daidai da yarjejeniya.&lt;ref&gt;See International Human Rights in Context, Henry J. Steiner, Philip Alston, Ryan Goodman, Oxford University Press US, 2008, {{ISBN|0-19-927942-X}}, page 100&lt;/ref&gt; Kudin ya bayyana cewa &quot;ka'idojin da ke cikin sanarwar an gane su a matsayin manyan dokoki na Jiha, kuma babu wata doka, ka'ida ko aikin hukuma da za su saba wa ko tsoma baki da waɗannan ka'idojin, kuma babu wani doka, ka-idaita ko aikin hukumi da zai mamaye su&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, November 29, 1947, C. Declarations |url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029150108/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |archive-date=29 October 2006 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanarwar kafa kasar Isra'ila ta yi shelar, a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1948, cewa &quot;haƙƙin Yahudawa na sake haifuwa na ƙasa a cikin ƙasarta&quot; an amince da shi a cikin sanarwar Balfour na 2 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1917, kuma an sake tabbatar da shi a cikin Umurnin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya wanda, musamman, ya ba da izini na kasa da kasa da Isra'ila ga Isra'ila da Isra'ila. hakkin Yahudawa na sake gina Gidansa na Ƙasa.&quot; Har ila yau, ta ayyana cewa kasar &quot;za ta kasance a bude don hijirar Yahudawa da kuma tattara 'yan gudun hijirar; za ta bunkasa ci gaban kasar don amfanin dukan mazaunanta; za ta kasance bisa 'yanci, adalci da zaman lafiya kamar yadda annabawan Isra'ila suka tsara; za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na zamantakewa da 'yancin siyasa ga dukan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini, addini ko jinsi ba; za ta ba da tabbaci ga harshe, yanci ko jinsi; kiyaye Wurare Mai Tsarki na dukan addinai; kuma zai kasance da aminci ga ƙa'idodin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.&quot;

Wasu malaman Burtaniya suna jayayya cewa Isra'ila ba ta cika wajibinta na kare haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru ba.&lt;ref&gt;Yvonne Schmidt, &quot;Foundations of Civil and Political Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories&quot;, GRIN Verlag, 2008, {{ISBN|3-638-94450-6}}, page 98&lt;/ref&gt;

Asalin Dokar Isra'ila: Mutuncin Dan Adam da 'Yanci, ya ce muhimman haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Isra'ila za a kiyaye su bisa ga ƙa'idodin da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar, amma ta keɓance musamman dokar da ta riga ta fara aiki. Masana harkokin shari'a na Isra'ila sun ce an yi amfani da kalmomin dokar ne don guje wa wahalar ba da fifiko ga daidaito, wanda ba a san shi ba. Sakamakon shi ne cewa za a iya jujjuya ƙa'idar daidaito ta hanyar doka ta yau da kullun, kuma ba za ta yi watsi da ka'idodin doka ko na alƙalai ba.

== Matsayi na 'yanci,' yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a a Isra'ila ==

=== 'Yancin zama ɗan ƙasa ===
Dokar kasa ta Isra'ila da Dokar Komawa, sun bambanta tsakanin Yahudawa Isra'ilawa da Falasdinawa Isra'ilawa ta hanyar sabunta ra'ayi na kasa yahudawa da ke bambanta da zama dan kasar Isra'ila. Duk da take, Dokar Ƙasa ba ta kafa ra'ayin ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ba, a maimakon haka tana danganta ɗan ƙasa da alaƙar addini.

Dokar Kasa ta ba da izinin Palasdinawa su zama 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila ne kawai idan sun kasance (ko kuma zuriyar waɗanda ke wurin) a Isra'ila tsakanin shekarar 1948 da shekarar 1952. Wadannan ƙuntatawa sun cire duk waɗanda aka kore su ko waɗanda suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 da zuriyarsu. Dokar Komawa ta tabbatar da haƙƙin kowane [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ya yi ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ta atomatik. Falasdinawa da zuriyarsu waɗanda aka kore su ko suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 an hana su wannan haƙƙin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Dokar zama dan kasa da shiga cikin Isra'ila (2003) ta hana Falasdinawa daga yankunan Falasdinawa da aka mamaye 'yancin samun matsayin zama na Isra'ila ko zama dan kasa, ko da a lokuta da suka yi aure da 'yan Isra'ila. Wannan haramcin ya ta'allaka ne kan dan kasa ba kan wani lamari na tsaro ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2008, Knesset ta amince da Dokar zama ɗan ƙasa (gyara Lamba 9) (Ikon soke zama ɗan ƙasa) (2008), wanda ke ba da damar soke zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila bisa ga &quot;cin amana&quot;. Musamman ma, keta amana na iya haɗawa da aikin zama a wasu ƙasashen Larabawa ko musulmi ko yankin Gaza. Wannan doka ta halatta soke zama ɗan ƙasa a kan haka ba tare da an yanke masa hukunci ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

=== Hakki da 'yanci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka yi ===
Binciken da Freedom House mai hedkwata a Amurka ya gudanar a shekara ta 2013, wanda ke kokarin auna irin dimokuradiyya da 'yancin siyasa a kowace kasa, ya sanya Isra'ila tare da Tunisiya a matsayin kasa daya tilo da ke da 'yanci a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;/&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''Rarrabawar Isra'ila, da yankunan da ta mamaye, ta Freedom House, The Economist Intelligence Unit da Transparency International'''
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
!Kasar / Ƙungiya - NGO
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Gidan 'Yanci
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sashin leken asiri na tattalin arziki
!Bayyanawa ta Duniya
|-
!Rahoton-Ranking
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'Yanci a Duniya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lissafin Dimokuradiyya
!Rashin fahimta na cin hanci da rashawa
|-
!
!Rarraba 'yanci, Wani bangare na 'yanci&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;'Yanci'&lt;/span&gt;, Wani ɓangare na' Yanci, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Ba 'Yanci ba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
![[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|'Yancin siyasa]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[Ƴancin Jama'a|'Yancin Jama'a]]&lt;br /&gt;
!Dimokuradiyya Rarraba Dimokuradiya Cikakken Dimokuradiyar, Dimokuradiyan da ba su da kyau, Tsarin Mulki&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Cikakken dimokuradiyya&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#cfc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Dimokuradiyya mara kyau&lt;/span&gt;, Tsarin Mulki na Hybrid, Tsarin Mulki&lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Tsarin mulki na mulkin mallaka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!Cikakken Sakamakon
!Ra'ayoyin cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Isra'ila
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |'Yanci'
|1
|2
| style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot; |Dimokuradiyya mara kyau
|7.79
|6.0
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |Ba 'Yanci ba
|6
|6
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|}

; Bayani
:

* Ta hanyar Freedom House 2009 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Map of Freedom in the World |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&amp;year=2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ga 'yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a, 1 yana wakiltar mafi kyawun kyauta kuma 7 mafi ƙarancin kyauta.
* Bisa ga The Economist Intelligence Unit 2010 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Democracy Index 2010 |url=http://graphics.eiu.com/PDF/Democracy_Index_2010_web.pdf |access-date=2 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cikakken dimokuradiyya suna da jimlar 10 zuwa 8, dimokuradiyar da ba ta dace ba tana da jimlar 7.9 zuwa 6, gwamnatocin haɗin gwiwa suna da jimillar 5.9 zuwa 4, kuma gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna da jimla daga 3.9 zuwa 1. Matsayin dimokuradiyya ya fi girma yayin da ci ya karu.
* Dangane da ƙididdigar cin hanci da rashawa ta duniya ta shekara-shekara,  ci ya kasance daga 10 (mai tsabta) zuwa 0 (mai cin hanci).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=2008 Corruption Perceptions Index |url=http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311002755/http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |archive-date=11 March 2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |website=Transparency International Annual Report |publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun soki gwamnatin Isra'ila saboda kai hari ga kungiyoyin farar hula da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila (ACRI), babbar kungiyar 'yancin jama'a ta Isra'ila, jerin kokarin gwamnatin Isra'ila a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun kai hari kan kungiyoyin fararen hula na Isra'ila da Kotun Koli na Isra'ila. Rahoton ACRI na Disamba 2017 ya gabatar da abin da yake kallo a matsayin misalan harin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ci gaba da kai wa dimokuradiyyar Isra'ila, 'yancin ɗan adam, 'yancin yin zanga-zanga, mutunta kimar daidaici, da 'yancin siyasa, zamantakewa da 'yan tsiraru. Wannan yanayin a Isra'ila an kira shi &quot;rashin bin tsarin mulki&quot; ta wasu masu sharhi na shari'a.

=== Zaben, jam'iyyun siyasa, da wakilci ===
A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan Isra'ila, &quot;Dokar ta bai wa 'yan kasar damar zabar gwamnatinsu a zabukan lokaci-lokaci na 'yanci da adalci bisa tsarin zabe na bai daya, kuma 'yan kasar sun yi amfani da wannan damar.&quot; Zaɓen da aka gudanar a watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2015 an yi la'akari da shi cikin 'yanci da adalci a wurin masu sa ido. An soki sauyin da aka yi a matakin zabe da cewa ya takaita wakilcin kananan jam’iyyu, musamman ma da ke shafar tsirarun Larabawa. Wannan ya sa jam'iyyu hudu masu rinjaye na Larabawa suka hade waje daya, wato Joint List, wanda ya samu kujeru 13, ya kuma zama bangare na uku mafi girma a majalisar Knesset. Galibin Falasdinawa a yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye na rayuwa ne a karkashin mamayar Isra'ila kuma ba 'yan kasar Isra'ila ba ne. Ba a yarda su kada kuri'a a Isra'ila ba.

Doka ta asali: Knesset (1958) da gyare-gyaren da suka biyo baya sun hana jerin jam'iyyun tsayawa takara a majalisar Knesset idan manufofinta ko ayyukanta sun hada da &quot;kyau da wanzuwar kasar Isra'ila a matsayin kasar Yahudawa&quot;. Cibiyar shari'a ta Isra'ila Adalah ta bayyana cewa &quot;wannan dokar ta hana yin amfani da 'yancin yin siyasa cikin 'yanci, ciki har da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da shiga siyasa. Ana amfani da ita sau da yawa don ƙoƙarin hana jam'iyyun siyasa na Larabawa da 'yan majalisar dokoki don neman canza yanayin kasa ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, alal misali, zuwa wata ƙasa da ta dogara da cikakken daidaito na farar hula da na kasa wanda ba ya ba da fifiko ga wata ƙungiya ta kasa fiye da ɗayan, har ma da toshe muhawara kan irin waɗannan shawarwari.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Mata sun fuskanci manyan matsalolin al'adu a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa masu wakiltar ƙungiyoyin addini masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma, a ƙaramin mataki, tsirarun Larabawa. A zaben 2015, Knesset mai mambobi 120 na da mambobi mata 29 da mambobi Larabawa 15. An nada mata uku a majalisar ministocin, kuma a karon farko, wata Balarabe Isra'ila ta jagoranci wani kwamiti na dindindin.

=== 'Yanci na addini ===
[[Fayil:Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg|left|thumb|Ganuwar Yamma, [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]]]]
Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2009 kan Isra'ila da yankunan da ta mamaye, &quot;Dokar Isra'ila ta Bada 'Yanci da Mutunci da 'Yanci ta tanadi 'yancin yin ibada kuma gabaɗaya Gwamnati na mutunta wannan hakki a aikace.&quot; Rahoton ya kara da cewa &quot;Manufar gwamnati ta ci gaba da goyon bayan gudanar da harkokin addini na 'yanci, duk da cewa ana ci gaba da nuna wariya na gwamnati da na shari'a ga wadanda ba Yahudawa ba da kuma na addinin Yahudanci ba&quot; kuma &quot;Yahudawa da yawa 'yan kasar sun ki amincewa da ikon Orthodox na keɓance kan muhimman al'amuran rayuwarsu.&quot; Rahoton ya bayyana cewa kimanin ‘yan kasar 310,000 da suka yi hijira zuwa Isra’ila a karkashin dokar komowa, ba mabiya addinin Orthodoks ke daukar Yahudawa ba, don haka ba za a iya aure ko a sake su ba, ko kuma a binne su a makabartun Yahudawan da ke cikin kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite report|last1=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan samun iko da Yammacin Kogin a shekarar 1967, Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin musulmi damar shiga masallatai, gami da [[Al-Aqsa]], da kuma damar Kirista zuwa majami'u. Isra'ila ta ba da kariya ga wuraren addini na addinan da ba na Yahudawa ba; mafi shahararren Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila (IDF) sun kama wani mutum wanda ya sanar da su shirinsa na kai hari Masallacin Al-Aqsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2006 |title=Police arrest J'lem rabbi who threatened to carry out terror attack on Temple Mount |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/770846.html |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu lokuta, bukukuwan kwanaki masu tsarki ta addinai daban-daban suna da damar haifar da rikici; don haka 'yan sanda na Isra'ila suna daukar matakai don kauce wa rikici tsakanin al'ummomi ta hanyar bayar da ƙuntatawa na wucin gadi kan motsi  da bautar da ake ji. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 September 2006 |title=Restrictions on Old City Jews During Ramadan – Inside Israel – Israel News |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=112595 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar wani rahoto na shekara ta 2009 daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Ofishin Demokraɗiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam, da Kwadago, Isra'ila ta gaza kasancewa al'umma mai juriya ko jam'i. A cewar rahoton, Isra'ila na nuna wariya ga Musulmai, Shaidun Jehobah, Yahudawa masu kawo sauyi, Kirista, mata da kuma Badawiyya. Dukkan wurare 137 masu tsarki da Isra'ila ta amince da su Yahudawa ne, suna yin watsi da kuma yin watsi da wuraren Kirista da na Musulmi, duk da Dokar Kare Wuraren Tsarkakewa ta 1967 da aka yi niyya don kare dukkan wurare masu tsarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 February 2009 |title=2008 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226174854/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |archive-date=26 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=[[US Department of State]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Baha'i|Bangaskiyar Bahá'í]] (a cikin 1960) tana kula da wurin zama na hukumomin su, Gidan Shari'a na Duniya, a Haifa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Baháʼí World Centre |url=http://www.bahai.org/dir/bwc |access-date=31 July 2006 |publisher=[[Baháʼí International Community]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] yana aiki a matsayin addini a Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Diamond Way Buddhism in Israel |url=http://www.buddhism.org.il/?newlang=english |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Diamond Way Buddhism}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Buddhanet's Middle East Buddhist Directory: Israel |url=http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm#israel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627120448/http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm |archive-date=27 June 2006 |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta wallafa nazarin tashin hankali na zamantakewa ta ƙasa. Cibiyar Hostilities Index (SHI) tana auna ayyukan ƙiyayya ta addini ta mutane, ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyin jama'a. &quot;Wannan ya haɗa da taron jama'a ko tashin hankali na ɗarika, cin zarafi kan tufafi saboda dalilai na addini, da sauran tsoratar da addini ko cin zarafi. &quot;  A cikin shekarar 2007, Isra'ila tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 10 da ke da maki sama da 7.1 a sikelin 10; a cikin 2010, Isra'ila da yankunan Palasdinawa sun kasance biyu daga cikin yankuna 15 da ke da mafi girman ƙimar SHI.&lt;ref name=&quot;pewforum.org&quot; /&gt;

=== Dokokin aure da saki ===
Ma'aurata da ke son yin aure na iya yin hakan ne kawai ta hanyar bikin addini, idan Yahudawa, [[Aure a Musulunci|Musulmi]], Kirista, ko wasu. Ma'aurata marasa addini, tun daga shekara ta 2014, na iya samun wani nau'in auren farar hula a Isra'ila, kuma su sami [[Relationships Card|Katin Dangantaka]] ta sabuwar kungiyar da ke canza matsayinsu ga ma'aurata, kuma suna ba su duk hakkokin da suka fito daga gare ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=רשומות הכנסת, קובץ התקנות, 7326, הודעת ברית הזוגיות לחסרי דת (אגרות), התשע&quot;ד-2014. עמוד 486. |url=http://www.justice.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/97DAEDE3-9271-40E7-ADF9-4C91058FAF75/42863/7326.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=משפחה חדשה |url=http://www.news1.co.il/uploadFiles/543728053569794.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=News1.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2014 |title=לראשונה: תעודת הזוגיות של &quot;משפחה חדשה&quot; הוכרה כנישואים |url=http://www.mako.co.il/pride-news/local/Article-bf5f377c4709a41006.htm |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Mako.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aure na doka na yau da kullun yana ba ma'aurata hakkoki iri ɗaya da ma'auratan ke morewa. 'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila na iya tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje don auren farar hula, wanda ke da alhakin a ƙarƙashin dokar Isra'ila.

A lokacin Al-Aqsa Intifada a shekara ta 2003, Knesset ta yi gyare-gyare na wucin gadi ga Dokar 'yan kasa da shiga cikin Dokar Isra'ila wanda ya hana Palasdinawa da suka yi aure ga Isra'ilawa samun'ila ko zama. Masu sukar suna jayayya cewa dokar wariyar launin fata ce saboda an yi niyya ne ga Larabawa na Isra'ila waɗanda ke da yiwuwar samun ma'aurata Palasdinawa fiye da sauran Isra'ilawa; masu kare sun ce dokar tana da niyyar hana hare-haren ta'addanci da kiyaye halin Yahudawa na Isra'ilawa. Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambanci tsakanin launin fata ya amince da ƙuduri cewa dokar Isra'ila ta keta yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya game da wariyar launin fata. Jakadan Isra'ila a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva, [[Yaakov Levy]], ya ce ƙudurin &quot;ya kasance mai zurfi na siyasa&quot;, yana mai nuna rashin nasarar kwamitin na ba da buƙatar Isra'ila don gabatar da shaidar &quot;biyan dokar da ke cikin dokar kasa da kasa da kuma aiki&quot;, misalai na &quot;batutuwa masu yawa [inda] ba da matsayin doka ga matan Palasdinawa na mazaunan Isra'ila  yi amfani da shi da mazaunan Palasdinawa don Ta'addanci na kashe kansa&quot;, da kuma watsi da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Turai batun ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Babban Kotun Isra'ila.[was]

Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI) ta shigar da takarda don a soke dokar  amma Kotun Koli ta amince da ita a shekara ta 2006.  A cikin tsara dokar, gwamnati ta ambaci, &quot;bayanan da jami'an tsaro suka gabatar, wanda ya ce kungiyoyin ta'addanci suna ƙoƙarin tattara Palasdinawa waɗanda suka riga sun karɓi ko za su karɓi takardun Isra'ila kuma cewa jami'an tsaron suna da wahalar rarrabe tsakanin Palasdinawa da za su iya taimaka wa 'yan ta'adda da waɗanda ba za su ba&quot;. A cikin hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila game da wannan al'amari, Mataimakin Babban Alkalin Shari'a Mishael Cheshin ya yi jayayya cewa, &quot;yan ƙasar Isra'ila  jin daɗin haƙƙin tsarin mulki don kawo ɗan ƙasar waje zuwa Isra'ila... kuma haƙƙin - ƙari, wajibi ne - na jihar, na kowace jiha, don kare mazaunanta daga waɗanda ke son cutar da su. &quot;

A shekara ta 2009, Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka na Dimokuradiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ayyuka sun soki rashin auren farar hula da saki a Isra'ila ga baƙi waɗanda ba a dauke su Yahudawa a ƙarƙashin dokar rabbi ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Human rights activists have criticised Israel's stay of exit order, saying it unfairly targets divorced men by preventing them from leaving the country indefinitely until they settle the full child support arrears of their children until age 18. While this could easily amount to obligations in the millions of US dollars, even a US$100 debt can trigger a stay of exit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CCF Israel Report of the Israeli Civil Society |url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=tbinternet.ohchr.org |publisher=ccfisrael.org |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106020129/https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The men are required to pay 100% or more of their income, and are jailed for 21 days each time they miss a monthly payment. In 2021, it was reported that an Australian man who was divorced from his Israeli wife was detained from leaving the country in 2013, with the stay of exit being in force until 31 December 9999, or until he paid $3 million in child support arrears. Marianne Azizi, British journalist and head of Coalition of the Children and Families in Israel (CCF), estimated that hundreds more Australians were trapped in the country as a result of the stay of exit. She had been informed by British Embassy officials in Tel Aviv that 100 British nationals per month had been reaching out to them for help in getting out of the country.&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian&quot; /&gt;

A watan Maris na 2019, Azizi ta ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu a Geneva game da take hakkin dan Adam da ta ci gaba da kasancewa sakamakon kai tsaye sakamakon ka'idojin tallafawa yara kanana a Isra'ila, tana mai cewa &quot;... Rayuwar ubanni sama da 2,000 a kashe kansu yana da tsada&quot;. Ta ce Isra'ilawa ba sa bayar da rahoton take hakin bil'adama saboda tsoron &quot;sakamako&quot;, kamar yadda wasu masu fafutuka suka kwace musu 'ya'yansu. Lauyan Mickey Givati, wanda ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya ya ba shi izinin taimakawa baki daga Isra'ila, ya shaida cewa an sanya na'urorin bin diddigin a cikin motarsa da gidansa da kuma wayarsa, kuma an ajiye 'ya'yansa a wani matsuguni ba bisa ka'ida ba.

=== Tsarin shari'a da shari'ar aikata laifuka ===
Dokar Isra'ila ta tanadi 'yancin yin shari'a ta gaskiya da kuma shari'a mai zaman kanta. Rahoton da Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra’ila ya nuna cewa a wasu lokuta kotuna suna yanke hukunci a kan bangaren zartarwa, ciki har da wasu shari’o’in tsaro. Kungiyoyin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam sun yi imanin ana mutunta wadannan bukatu gaba daya. Tsarin yana da adawa kuma ƙwararrun alkalai ne ke yanke hukunci. Wadanda ake tuhuma marasa galihu suna samun wakilci na tilas. Wasu yankunan kasar na karkashin ikon shari'a daban-daban na kotunan soji. An yi imanin cewa waɗannan kotuna sun yi daidai da sauran kotunan laifuka na Isra'ila kan batutuwan da suka shafi fararen hula. Ba za a iya yanke hukunci a waɗannan kotuna bisa ikirari kaɗai ba.

=== Hukuncin kisa ===
A halin yanzu dai dokar Isra'ila ta ba da damar yanke hukuncin kisa kan manyan laifukan da aka aikata a lokacin yaki, amma an soke shi a lokacin zaman lafiya. Laifukan da ake aikatawa a lokacin yaƙi sun haɗa da kisan kiyashi, laifuffukan da ake yi wa Yahudawa, laifuffukan cin zarafin ɗan adam, da laifukan yaƙi. Mutum daya tilo da aka taba yankewa hukuncin kisa bayan an same shi da laifi a wata kotun farar hula ta Isra’ila shi ne mai laifin yakin Nazi Adolf Eichmann .

=== 'Yancin fursunoni ===
B'Tselem ta ruwaito cewa an yi ta azabtar da mutanen da ba a zarginsu da aikata laifuka, wadanda suka hada da malaman addini, shehunai da malaman addini, masu fafutuka a kungiyoyin agaji, da daliban Musulunci. Sauran da za a azabtar da su sun hada da ’yan’uwa da sauran dangin mutanen da aka lissafa a matsayin wadanda ake so da kuma duk wani Bafalasdine a cikin aikin injiniya. A wasu lokutan kuma, an kama matan da ake tsare da su tare da wulakanta su don kara matsa wa mazajensu. Jami’an ISA a wasu lokutan suna azabtar da Falasdinawa domin daukar su a matsayin masu hada kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Background of the High Court of Justice's Decision |url=http://www.btselem.org/torture/background |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

B'Tselem ta kiyasta cewa ISA na yin tambayoyi tsakanin Falasdinawa 1,000 zuwa 1,500 a kowace shekara kuma tana amfani da hanyoyin da za su zama azabtarwa ga wasu kashi 85 cikin 100 na su, akalla mutane 850 a shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;/&gt;

[[Amnesty International]] ta kuma bayar da rahoton yin amfani da azabtarwa ga fursunonin Palasdinawa, tare da tsare-tsare, ba tare da shari'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Human rights in Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty ta ruwaito cewa an tsare Palasdinawa sama da 2,200 daga yankin Yammacin da aka mamaye a watan farko na Yaƙin Gaza na shekarar 2023. Bayanai da rikodin bidiyo sun nuna azabtar da fursunoni, gami da mummunan duka da wulakanci ga fursunoni.  Ta hanyar tilasta musu su sa kawunansu su kwanta, su durƙusa a ƙasa yayin ƙididdigar fursunoni&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=Israel/OPT: Horrifying cases of torture and degrading treatment of Palestinian detainees amid spike in arbitrary arrests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/11/israel-opt-horrifying-cases-of-torture-and-degrading-treatment-of-palestinian-detainees-amid-spike-in-arbitrary-arrests/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani rahoto na shekara ta 1978 daga karamin ofishin jakadancin da ke birnin Kudus ya bayyana shari’ar sojan da aka yi wa wasu matasa ‘yan kasar Amurka guda biyu wadanda suka ba da rahoton cewa mahukuntan Isra’ila sun yi amfani da karfin tuwo wajen samun ikirari daga wajensu. Rahoton ya kammala da cewa hukumomin Isra'ila na sane da cewa mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da &quot;tilastawa ta jiki da musgunawa&quot; wajen samun ikirari.

Hukumar Landau ta shekarar 1987, karkashin jagorancin mai shari'a Moshe Landau na Kotun Koli, an nada ta ne domin ta binciki hanyoyin tambayoyi na Hukumar Tsaron Isra'ila (ISA) kuma ta ce &quot;ba za a iya guje wa yin matsananciyar matsin lamba ba&quot;. Duk da haka, hukumar ta yi Allah wadai da wata takarda ta cikin gida ta shekarar 1982 wadda ta umurci masu yin tambayoyi kan irin karyar da ya kamata su yi a kotu lokacin da suke musanta cewa za su yi amfani da karfin jiki wajen samun ikirari. Ta yi Allah-wadai da shedar karya da abin ya shafa amma ta ba da shawarar a guji hukunta wadanda suka aikata ta. Sashi na biyu na rahoton Landau ya kasance sirri ne, an yi imanin cewa yana ɗauke da ƙa'idodin hanyoyin tambayoyi da aka halatta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Landau Commission examined interrogation methods |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/Torture/Background.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hukumar Landau ta kai ga daruruwan korafe-korafe da Falasdinawa da ake tsare da su suka yi na korafin cewa an yi amfani da karfi a kansu a lokacin da ISA ke yi musu tambayoyi. A cikin keɓantattun shari'o'i, an ba da umarnin wucin gadi na ɗan lokaci da ke hana ISA amfani da duka ko wasu hanyoyin, amma a watan Satumba na 1999, Kotun Koli ta ƙi yanke hukunci ko suna da doka a ƙarƙashin dokokin Isra'ila da na duniya.

A cikin 1994, Rahoton Kwanturolan Jiha (wanda aka fitar a taƙaitaccen tsari a cikin Fabrairu 2000) ya gano cewa hanyoyin tambayoyin ISA sun saba wa doka, ƙa'idodin Hukumar Landau, da ƙa'idodin cikin gida wanda sabis ɗin kansa ya tsara.

A watan Yulin shekarar 2002, ''Haaretz'' ya nakalto wani babban jami'in ISA yana cewa, tun lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke shawara, an bayyana Falasdinawa 90 a matsayin &quot;bamai masu saurin kai&quot; da kuma &quot;hanyar tambayoyi masu ban mamaki, &quot;watau azabtarwa, an yi amfani da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ha'aretz quoted a senior GSS official |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/torture/ |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran masu tambayoyin Isra'ila sun yarda cewa ISA &quot;tana amfani da duk wani magudi mai yiwuwa, har zuwa girgiza da bugawa. &quot; Yawancin bayanan daga Falasdinawa sun tabbatar da cewa azabtarwa har yanzu yana cikin tambayoyin Israʼila. 

According to a 2011 report by two Israeli human rights organisations, the Public Committee Against Torture (PCAT) and Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), Israeli doctors fail to report suspected torture and conceal related information, allowing Israeli Security Agency interrogators to use torture against Palestinian detainees.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harriet Sherwood |date=3 November 2011 |title=Israeli doctors 'failing to report torture of Palestinian detainees' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/03/israeli-doctors-report-torture-palestinian |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, wata doka ta ba da izinin tilasta ciyar da fursunoni masu fama da yunwa. Koyaya, Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Isra'ila ta bayyana dokar ba ta da kyau kuma ta bukaci likitoci da su ƙi aiwatar da ita.

==== Shirye-shiryen ilimi ====
Ana ba fursunoni damar ɗaukar darussan kan layi daga Open University of Israel, da kuma kammala digiri na ilimi. Wannan ba haƙƙin da aka ba shi ba ne amma fa'ida, dangane da halin kirki, tare da hukumomin kurkuku suna biyan kuɗin karatunsu na jami'a. Darussan suna cikin fannoni na: bil'adama, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, gudanarwa, ilimin halayyar dan adam da kimiyyar siyasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;knesset.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yaniv Ronen |date=28 November 2012 |title=לימודים אקדמיים של אסירים ביטחוניים |trans-title=Academic studies of security prisoners |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504160748/https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2015 |language=he}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar ita ce ta ba fursunoni kayan aiki don magance rayuwa a waje, don haka bayan an sake su daga kurkuku za su sami ilimi mai dacewa don taimaka musu samun aiki, da kuma hana su komawa rayuwar aikata laifuka.

==== Fursunoni na siyasa ====
A cikin shekarar 2011, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-Moon ya ce Isra'ila ta tsare dubban Palasdinawa a matsayin fursunonin siyasa, kuma ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta sake su. Ban ya ce sakin fursunonin siyasa zai &quot;yi aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar gina amincewa&quot; kuma ya bunkasa damar zaman lafiya a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 March 2011 |title=United Nations News Centre |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=37698&amp;Cr=palestin&amp;Cr1 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=UN News Service Section}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty International ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta saki fursunonin siyasa, tana mai cewa &quot;duk fursunonin siyasar da aka tsare ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba ya kamata a yi musu shari'a a shari'a ko kuma a sake su nan da nan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press Releases |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603062041/http://amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |archive-date=3 June 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

John Dugard ya kwatanta zaman kurkukun da Isra'ila ke yi wa Falasdinawa da manufofin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, yana mai cewa &quot;'Yan sandan tsaron wariyar launin fata sun aiwatar da azabtarwa sosai, haka ma jami'an tsaron Isra'ila. Akwai fursunonin siyasa da dama a tsibirin Robben amma akwai karin fursunonin siyasa na Falasdinawa a gidajen kurkukun Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=John Dugard |title=Apartheid and the occupation of Palestine |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/11/201111395153781378.html |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Tsayar da gudanarwa =====
Tsayawa na gudanarwa hanya ce da ake tsare fursunoni ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba. An ba da izinin hukunce-hukuncen ta hanyar umarnin gudanarwa daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Isra'ila ko kwamandojin soja na Isra'ila. [[Amnesty International]] ta yi imanin cewa aikin ya karya Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa wanda &quot;ya bayyana cewa babu wanda ya kamata a tsare shi da gangan kuma cewa hana 'yanci dole ne ya dogara da dalilai da hanyoyin da doka ta kafa&quot;. Amnesty International ta kuma damu da cewa fursunonin lamiri suna &quot;tsare ne kawai don yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya ba tare da tashin hankali ba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 1997 |title=Administrative detention: Despair, uncertainty and lack of due process |url=http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES\ISRAEL\OCCUPIED+TERRITORIES |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922021743/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES%5CISRAEL%5COCCUPIED%2BTERRITORIES |archive-date=22 September 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar B'Tselem a halin yanzu akwai Falasdinawa 645 da ke tsare a karkashin tsare-tsare ta Isra'ila da kuma 105 ta IDF. Yawancin ana kiyaye su a Yammacin Kogin Yamma a sansanin Soja na Ofer ko a sansanin soja na Ansar 3 / Ketziot a cikin hamadar Negev . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 July 2006 |title=Administrative Detention |url=http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824195154/http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |archive-date=24 August 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Shirye-shiryen ilimi a kurkuku don tsare-tsare =====
A shekara ta 2009, akwai fursunonin Palasdinawa 250 da ke karatu a Jami'ar Isra'ila. A watan Yunin shekarar 2011, Firayim Minista Benjamin Netanyahu ya sanar, don mayar da martani ga dakatar da tattaunawar zaman lafiya, cewa ba za a ba fursunonin Palasdinawa damar neman digiri na ilimi a kurkuku ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Barak Ravid |date=23 June 2011 |title=Netanyahu: Israel to toughen conditions of Palestinian prisoners |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/netanyahu-israel-to-toughen-conditions-of-palestinian-prisoners-1.369269 |access-date=16 May 2012 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshen shekara ta 2012, fursunoni uku sun daukaka kara ga Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya ki amincewa da roko. A cikin hukunce-hukuncen su, alƙalai sun bayyana cewa haƙƙin samun ilimi na jami'a kyauta bai shafi waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci na laifuffukan ta'addanci ba. Hukuncin, duk da haka, ya yi kira ga hukumomin kurkuku da su &quot;yi la'akari&quot; da yanke shawara game da shari'o'in fursunoni da suka riga sun kasance a tsakiyar shirye-shiryen ilimi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 December 2012 |title=Court: End of Free College for Terrorists |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/163549 |access-date=24 March 2014 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 'Yanci na magana da kafofin watsa labarai ===
[[Fayil:Israeli_Press_1949.jpg|thumb|Sashe na jaridu na Isra'ila a cikin 1949.]]
Censorship a Isra'ila ana gudanar da shi ne a hukumance ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila, wani sashi a cikin gwamnatin Isra'ila wanda aka ba shi aiki a hukumance don aiwatar da censorship na kariya game da buga bayanan da zasu iya shafar tsaro Isra'ila. Babban mai binciken Isra'ila ne ke jagorantar hukumar, jami'in soja wanda Ministan Tsaro na Isra'ila ya nada, wanda ya ba Babban mai binciken ikon hana bayanan da ya ga ya dace da kasancewa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aluf Benn |date=July–August 2001 |title=Israel: Censoring the past |url=http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619213158/http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences |publisher=University of Maryland}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=P.R. Kumaraswamy |date=September 1998 |title=India and Israel: Evolving Strategic Partnership |url=http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/publications/40pub.html |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Mideast Security and Policy Studies |publisher=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamar Shirin [[makaman nukiliya]] na Isra'ilawa da ayyukan soja na Isra'il a waje da iyakokinta. A matsakaici, labaran jarida 2240 a Isra'ila suna tantancewa ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila a kowace shekara, kusan 240 daga cikinsu a cikakke, kuma kusan 2000 a wani ɓangare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2021 |title=נתונים חדשים חושפים טפח מאחורי הקלעים של יחסי הצנזורה הצבאית והעיתונות הישראלית |url=https://www.the7eye.org.il/419412 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=העין השביעית |language=he-IL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dole ne a gabatar da labarai game da batutuwan da za su iya kawo rigima ga Mai binciken Sojojin Isra'ila a gaba; rashin yin hakan na iya sa mai ba da rahoto ya rasa damarsa na aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Isra'ila  kuma, game da manema labarai na ƙasashen waje, a hana shi daga ƙasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;BBCsorry&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2005 |title=BBC says sorry to Israel |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/mar/12/israel.broadcasting |website=the Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Matar |first=Haggai |date=2020-03-09 |title=IDF censor redacted two thousand news items in 2019 |url=https://www.972mag.com/idf-censor-israeli-media-2019/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=+972 Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=IDF Military Censor banned nearly 300 articles last year |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/idf-military-censor-banned-nearly-300-articles-last-year-562318 |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila, &quot;doka ta tanadi 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da 'yan jarida, kuma gaba daya gwamnati na mutunta wadannan hakkoki a aikace idan aka yi la'akari da takunkumin da ya shafi tsaro.&quot; Dokar ta tanadi 'yancin yin taro da ƙungiyoyi, kuma gabaɗaya gwamnati na mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a aikace.

Wasu jami'an gwamnati da wasu na sukar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da Isra'ila ke da shi a lokacin da suke gudun hijira daga [[zirin Gaza]] da yammacin kogin Jordan. Wannan ya haifar da sukar da ake cewa &quot;Hukumomi sun dauki matakan da ba su dace ba, tare da cin zarafin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da zanga-zangar siyasa ba tare da wani dalili ba.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;acri&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=ACRI Report Slashes Civil Rights Abuses and Privatization |url=http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060622145646/http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-date=22 June 2006 |access-date=28 July 2006 |website=Annual Report on Israel |publisher=The Association for Civil Rights in Israel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Isra'ila, manufofin gwamnatinta suna fuskantar zargi daga manema labarai da kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban na siyasa, haƙƙin ɗan adam da masu sa ido,   wadanda suka hada da Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI), B'Tselem, Machsom Watch, Mata a cikin Baƙar fata da Mata don Isra'ila Gobe. A cewar kungiyar 'yancin' yan jarida Reporters Without Borders, &quot;Kafofin yada labarai na Isra'ila sun sake kasancewa a cikin shekarar 2005 wadanda kawai ke da' yancin gaske don yin magana. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Israel – Annual report 2006 |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181318/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=12 August 2006 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, a cikin 2010, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da ke aiki a Isra'ila suka koka game da mummunan yanayi a kasar, kuma sun ce suna fuskantar hari saboda sukar manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyoyin sun ce wasu shugabannin Isra'ila suna ganin zargi da kare hakkin dan adam a matsayin barazana ga halattacciyar Isra'ila, musamman bayan Zargin laifukan yaki da sojojin Isra'ila game da Yakin Gaza (2008-09). 

A shekara ta 2009, Isra'ila ta kasance ta 93 a cikin Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index, daga shekarar da ta gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Reporters Without Borders – Press Freedom Index 2009 |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2013, Isra'ila ta sauka zuwa 112 daga cikin kasashe 179 a cikin Freedom Index na jarida. 'Yan jarida ba tare da iyaka ba sun bayyana cewa canjin ya faru ne saboda ayyukan Isra'ila a cikin Operation Pillar of Defense lokacin da ta ce &quot;Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila da gangan sun kai hari kan' yan jarida da gine-gine inda kafofin watsa labarai da ke da alaƙa da Hamas ke da mahalli&quot;. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta soki kama 'yan jarida na Palasdinawa da kuma tantancewar soja. Freedom House ta sanya Isra'ila a matsayin mai yanayin kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Sashi na 'yanci&quot; a cikin shekara ta 2009. A baya, Isra'ila ita ce kadai kasar da ke cikin yankin da ke da kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Free&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Press Freedom Rankings by Region 2009 |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&amp;year=2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) A cikin shekarar 2023, Isra'ila da kanta, ba tare da haɗa Gaza Strip ko Gabashin Urushalima ba, an jera su a matsayin &quot;Free&quot;,  yayin da Gaza Strip da West Bank suka kasance &quot;Ba Free ba&quot;.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israel: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/israel/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gaza Strip: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/gaza-strip/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=West Bank: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/west-bank/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2003, hukumar fim din Isra'ila ta haramta nuna fim din kasuwanci game da [[Jenin]]_(2002)&quot; id=&quot;mwAxM&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Battle of Jenin (2002)&quot;&gt;Yaƙin Jenin na 2002.  Fim din, ''Jenin, Jenin'' ne, tarin ganawa ne da mazaunan sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Jenin da aka yi fim a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2002, mako guda bayan yakin. Mohammad Bakri, Larabawa na Isra'ila, ya jagoranci fim din. An dakatar da fim din ne saboda zargin da ake yi na [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]] da Sojojin Isra'ila suka aikata, wanda hukumar ta yi la'akari da karya da cutar da iyalan sojoji. Bayan shari'ar shari'a, an shigar da takarda a Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya soke shawarar hukumar, kuma ya ba da izinin nuna fim din a cikin fina-finai &quot;don jama'a su yanke shawara&quot;, yayin da yake lura cewa fim din &quot;cike da ƙarya&quot;, ba fim ba ne, kuma an yi shi &quot;ba tare da bangaskiya ba&quot;, ta hanyar ƙarya yana nuna sojojin Isra'ila a matsayin &quot;mafi munin masu aikata laifuka&quot;.

A watan Janairun 2011, majalisar dokokin Isra'ila ta amince da wani kuduri na hannun dama na binciken wasu sanannun kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na Isra'ila saboda &quot;lalata&quot; sojojinta. Binciken zai haifar da bincike kan tallafin kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da dama wadanda suka soki manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila ta bayyana matakin a matsayin &quot;mummunan rauni&quot; ga demokradiyyar Isra'ila, kuma masu sukar manufofin sun yi wa manufar &quot;McCarthyist&quot;.

A cikin shekara ta 2015, Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta amince da manyan tanadi na dokar da ke haifar da sakamako ga waɗanda ke kira ga kauracewa Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye. Hukuncin ya haifar da muhawara, tare da wasu nuna rashin amincewa da shi yana kawo karshen 'yancin magana yayin da wasu ke cewa yana tabbatar da matsayin Isra'ila kan &quot;tsarin lalacewar BDS&quot; (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement). Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila sun yi korafi game da dokar, suna mai cewa ta keta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Magoya bayan dokar sun ce ta haramta &quot; nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin ƙasa&quot;.  &quot;Don cire kiran kauracewa daga rukunin 'yancin magana ba daidai ba ne&quot;, in ji Rabbi David Rosenn, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na New Israel Fund (NIF). &quot;Babu wani bangare na daban don magana wanda ke siyasa. Magana mafi mahimmanci shine siyasa, kuma ya kamata mutane su sami damar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ba tare da tsoron takunkumin gwamnati ba. &quot;

Dokar ta ba 'yan sanda damar iyakance tunzura ga tashin hankali ko kalaman ƙiyayya kuma ta haramta kiran mutane &quot;Nazis&quot; ko &quot;fascists&quot;. Dokar Rigakafin Ta'addanci ta hana bayyana goyon bayan kungiyar da ake ganin ta sabawa doka ko ta'addanci.

On 24 November 2024, Israel's government ordered a boycott of the newspaper ''Haaretz'' by government officials and anyone working for a government-funded body, and banned government advertising with the newspaper. According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''Haaretz'' &quot;had published a series of investigations of wrongdoing or abuses by senior officials and the armed forces, and has long been in the crosshairs of the current government.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2023, wani rahoto daga Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya nuna cewa Isra'ila ta kasance ta shida mafi girma a duniya don kama' yan jarida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israeli arrests of Palestinian journalists soared in 2023: CPJ |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/18/israeli-arrests-of-palestinian-journalists-soared-in-2023-cpj |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin Yaƙin Gaza, Falasdinawa sun bayyana cin zarafin soja a kan sakonnin kafofin sada zumunta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Molana-Allen |first=Leila |title=Palestinians describe harassment from Israeli forces over social media posts during war |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/palestinians-describe-harassment-from-israeli-forces-over-social-media-posts-during-war |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2024, Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya sanya Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasa ta biyu mafi muni a duniya don ba da damar masu kisan 'yan jarida su tafi ba tare da hukunta su ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Liam |title=Haiti, Israel ranked worst for securing justice in journalist killings |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/haiti-israel-ranked-worst-for-securing-justice-in-journalist-killings/7845113.html |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Voice of America}}&lt;/ref&gt;

; 'Yan Jarida Ba tare da iyakoki ba

Kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta fitar da rahoto na shekara-shekara kan 'yancin 'yan jarida a duniya, mai suna Index na 'Yancin Jarida. An fara buga irin wannan na farko a shekara ta 2002. Sakamakon da Isra'ila da Hukumar Falasdinawa ta samu daga 2002 zuwa yau an nuna su a ƙasa, tare da ƙananan lambobi suna nuna kyakkyawar kulawa ga 'yan jarida:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:1em auto;&quot;
!Shekara
!Isra'ila (Yankin Isra'ila) 
!Isra'ila (na waje) 
!Hukumomin Palasdinawa
!Mafi munin Shekara
!Rahoton URL
|-
|2002
|92
|Ba a bayyana ba
|82
|139
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213848/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|44
|146
|130
|166
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213853/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
|36
|115
|127
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220042227/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |archive-date=20 December 2008 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|47
|Ba a bayyana ba
|132
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429110315/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |archive-date=29 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|50
|135
|134
|168
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604161952/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |archive-date=4 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|44
|103
|158
|169
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421060910/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |archive-date=21 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|46
|149
|163
|173
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607100340/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |archive-date=7 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|93
|150
|161
|175
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Hakkin sirri ==
A cewar wani rahoto na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra'ila, &quot;[l] aws da ka'idoji sun tanadi kariya ga sirrin mutum da na gida. A cikin shari'o'in laifuka doka ta ba da izinin sauraron waya a karkashin umarnin kotu; a lokuta na tsaro dole ne ma'aikatar tsaro ta ba da oda.&quot;

== 'Yancin mata ==
Aure da saki suna karkashin ikon kotuna na addini ne, wanda a aikace yake haifar da tsangwama ga mata a cikin wadannan bangarori na shari'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta zartar da dokar da ta ba da kariya ga mata daga tashin hankalin gida. A shekarar 2022, mata 24 abokan aikinsu ko wasu ‘yan uwansu ne a cewar ‘yan sandan Isra’ila, inda aka ce an kashe mata 69 a Isra’ila a tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa watan Agusta shekarar 2022. 40 daga cikin wadannan matan Palasdinawa ne, fiye da rabin wadannan shari’o’in ‘yan sanda ba su warware ba. Akasin haka, an warware shari’ar kowacce daga cikin kisan gilla 29 na matan Yahudawa da Isra’ilawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci ga mata.

Mata a Isra'ila ba koyaushe aka tabbatar da daidaiton jinsi a bayyane ba. Kodayake sanarwar 'yancin kai ta Isra'ila ta bayyana cewa &quot;Jam'iyyar Isra'ila [...] za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na' yancin zamantakewa da siyasa ga dukkan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini ba, launin fata ko jima'i,&quot; wannan ji ba a ba da ikon tsarin mulki ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1948 |title=The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel |url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/general/declaration-of-establishment-state-of-israel |access-date=January 29, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, kotunan Isra'ila, a tsawon lokaci, sun bayyana cewa daidaito tsakanin jinsi shine &quot;ka'idar tsarin shari'a&quot; a Isra'ila، kuma mata sun ga mafi yawan shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a ta Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2021 |title=Equality, Religion and Gender in Israel |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/equality-religion-and-gender-in-israel |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 July 2021 |title=Israel Women's Network |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/israel-womens-network |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1969, Isra'ila ta zabi Golda Meir a matsayin firaminista kuma ta zama kasa ta hudu da mace ke rike da irin wannan mukami. A shekara ta 2010, wakilan majalisar mata a Isra'ila ya kai kashi 18 cikin 100, wanda ya zarce na kasashen Larabawa da kashi 6 cikin 100, daidai da na majalisar dokokin Amurka, kuma ya yi kasa da matsakaicin kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasashen Scandinavia.

Majalisar dokokin Isra'ila, The Knesset, ta kafa kwamitin kula da matsayin mata don magance 'yancin mata. Makasudin da aka bayyana na wannan kwamiti shine hana wariya, yaki da cin zarafin mata, da inganta daidaito a harkokin siyasa, abubuwan rayuwa da ilimi. A cikin 1998, Knesset ta zartar da wata doka don &quot;Rigaka da Cin Duri da Jima'i&quot;.

Wani rahoto na shekarar 2009 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ya ambaci matsalolin auren jama'a, agunot ('mata masu sarka) ba za su iya saki ba tare da izinin miji ba), da kuma hidimar addu'o'in jinsin jinsi a bangon Yamma.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Ana haɓaka haƙƙoƙin mata ta hanyar &quot;Kawo Mata A Gaba: Haɗin Kan Mata&quot;, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar Asusun Haɗin gwiwar Mata na Yahudawa. Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda bakwai a Isra'ila sune Cibiyar Adva, Ruhun Mata, Itach-Maaki: Lauyoyin Mata don Adalci na zamantakewa, Cibiyar Mahut, Cibiyar Mata ta Isra'ila (IWN), Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki ga Mata (EEW) da Achoti ('yar'uwa) ga Mata a Isra'ila.

=== Mata Larabawa a Isra'ila ===
Matan Larabawa-Isra'ila suna shiga cikin harkokin gwamnati da na jama'a. Hussniya Jabara ita ce mace Balarabiya ta farko da ta fara aiki a majalisar Knesset. Dangane da sashe na 15 na Ma'aikatar Jama'a [waɗanda] mata da Larabawa-Isra'ilawa suna da haƙƙin tabbatar da aiki a aikin ma'aikacin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=העדפה מתקנת בעבודה ובשירות הציבורי |url=http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201010211/http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |archive-date=1 February 2013 |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Moital.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ayyuka masu kyau ===
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan mata na Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Hakkin LGBT ==
Hakkin 'Yan tsiraru na jima'i a Isra'ila ana ɗaukar su mafi haƙuri a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=LGBT+ rights and issues in the Middle East |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9457/CBP-9457.pdf |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=Commons Library Research Briefing, 9 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake Isra'ila ba ta halatta auren jinsi ɗaya ba, auren jinsi ɗaya da ke aiki a ƙasashen waje an amince da shi bisa doka a Isra'ila. Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin 'yancin jama'a ga yawan masu luwadi, gami da' yancin tallafi da amfanin abokin tarayya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Walzer |first=Lee |date=21 February 2002 |title=Queer in the Land of Sodom |url=http://www.thegully.com/essays/gaymundo/020220_gay_israel_history.html |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=The Gully}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isra'ila kuma ta ba da matsayin aure na doka ga ma'aurata na cikin gida na jinsi ɗaya. Dokar sodomy da aka gada daga Mandate na Burtaniya na Falasdinu an soke ta a shekarar 1988, kodayake akwai umarni mai bayyanawa da Babban Lauyan Isra'ila ya bayar a shekarar 1953 wanda ya umarci 'yan sanda da su guji aiwatar da wannan dokar, muddin babu wasu laifuka da suka shafi. Dokar kare hakkin ɗan luwaɗi ta ƙasa ta haramta wasu nuna bambanci ga 'yan luwadi, gami da aiki; ana yin wasu keɓancewa ga ƙungiyoyin addini. A baya, aikin soja na masu luwadi yana ƙarƙashin wasu ƙuntatawa. An ɗaga waɗannan ƙuntatawa a cikin 1993, suna ba da damar masu luwadi su yi aiki a bayyane a duk sassan sojoji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Homosexual rights around the world |url=http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210062004/http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |archive-date=10 December 2005 |access-date=20 November 2011 |website=Gay Rights Info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Maris 2014, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da umarni da ke nuna cewa an haɗa aikin tiyatar jima'i a cikin tallafin kiwon lafiya da aka ba wa 'yan ƙasa. Duk da haka, a cikin watan Mayu Haaretz ya ruwaito cewa wata kungiyar kula da lafiya ta ki biyan kudin tiyatar canjin jima'i guda biyu, wanda ya haifar da kashe kudade masu yawa daga marasa lafiya. Wata rundunar LGBTI ta kasa ta gano cewa kashi 80 cikin 100 na masu canza jinsi, kashi 50 na 'yan madigo da kashi 20 cikin 100 na mazan luwadi ana nuna musu wariya yayin neman aikin yi.

== Hakkin ƙasa ==
Asusun yahudawa (JNF) yana iko da kashi 13% na ƙasar Isra'ila; wannan ƙasa an keɓe ta ne don amfanin Yahudawan Isra'ila keɓanta. Kasa da kashi 4% na ƙasar Isra'ila mallakar ƴan ƙasar Larabawa ne, duk da Larabawa da ke da kashi 20% na al'ummar ƙasar. An ɗauka gabaɗaya, kashi 93% na ƙasar a Isra'ila ana iko da ko dai ƙasar Isra'ila ko JNF; Ana kiran waɗannan ƙasashe a hukumance da &quot;ƙasashen Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Canje-canjen kwanan nan (wanda aka yi a cikin 2010) zuwa Dokar Kasa (Samun don Manufofin Jama'a) (1943), yana nufin tabbatar da ikon mallakar ƙasa na ƙasar da aka kwace daga Falasɗinawa (daga 1948 zuwa gaba) ta hanyar toshe iƙirarin Falasɗinawa na mallakar ƙasar da aka kwace a ƙarƙashin wannan doka, ko da a wuraren da ba a taɓa amfani da ita don dalilai na jama'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Cibiyar shari'ar Isra'ila Adalah ta bayar da rahoton cewa, &quot;A zahiri, an toshe Falasdinawa 'yan Isra'ila daga siye ko ba da hayar filaye a kusan kashi 80% na ƙasar Isra'ila bisa tushen ƙasarsu.&quot; Sakamakon, a cewarsu, shine &quot;mafi yawancin filayen gwamnati sun ƙunshi keɓaɓɓu, yankunan Yahudawa kaɗai.&quot; Adalah ya bayyana manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da ake aiwatar da keɓancewa daga mallakar filaye da amfani da su; ta hanyar abin da ake kira &quot;kwamitocin shiga&quot; da kuma ta hanyar abin da Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin manufofin nuna wariya na hukumomin jihohi da JNF.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Waɗannan kwamitocin shigar sun duba masu neman rukunin gidaje a garuruwan noma da al'umma a Isra'ila kuma sun haɗa da wani babban jami'i daga Ƙungiyar Sahayoniya ta Duniya ko Hukumar Yahudawa. Kusan garuruwa 700 a cikin Isra'ila (wanda ke lissafin kusan kashi 70% na duk garuruwan Isra'ila) suna da alaƙa da kwamitocin shiga. Sharuɗɗan da waɗannan kwamitocin suka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da ka'idojin dacewa, wanda Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin sabani da rashin gaskiya. Adalah ta ruwaito cewa ana tace Larabawa da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Isra'ila ta hanyar amfani da wannan ka'idojin dacewa. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Yahudawan Mizrahi da ƴan luwaɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, garuruwa da yawa a Isra'ila sun amince da dokoki da ke jaddada halayensu na Yahudawa, suna ƙayyade shigarwa cikin al'umma akan &quot;aminci ga hangen nesa na Zionist&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Nuna wariya ƙasar manufofin ne zuwa babban har kore da manufofin na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar ƙasar Isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin 1949 da 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF wakilan (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan ƙasar Isra'ila da ake kira manufofin ƙasa a cikin jihar 3. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan manufofin ya hana JNF ƙasar da za a ba wa waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

== Ƙananan kabilanci, dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci da shige da fice ==
Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu da Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan bambancin launin fata.

Nuna wariya ronu ne zuwa babban kore da tsofo na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da shekarar 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF rufi (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan Isra'ila a cikin iska daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin Isra'ila. hana JNF hadarin da za a ba wa koyarwa ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2009 |title=Gender and employment [Areas of work&amp;#93; |url=http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427190455/http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |archive-date=27 April 2009 |access-date=2010-07-22 |publisher=Ilo.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba ma'aikatan Larabawa a Ma'aikatu daban-daban &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Ma'aikatar
!% Ma'aikatan Larabawa 
|-
|Lafiya
|7.2
|-
|Ilimi
|6.2
|-
|Adalci
|3.9
|-
|Masana'antu, Ciniki da Aiki
|3.4
|-
|Sufuri
|2.3
|-
|Gidaje
|1.3
|-
|Kudi
|1.2
|}
Duk da Dokar Aiki (1998), kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah ta ba da rahoton cewa 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila suna fuskantar nuna bambanci a cikin damar aiki, albashi da yanayi. Adalah ta kuma ba da rahoton cewa jihar Isra'ila kanta (mafi girman ma'aikaci a Isra'ila) ba ta aiwatar da wannan dokar ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Misali, 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila da ke aiki a matsayin masu kwangila a cikin gyare-gyare a cibiyoyin ilimi na Isra'ilawa suna ƙarƙashin iyakancewa wanda Yahudawa Isra'ilawa ba sa ƙarƙashin su. Wannan ya haɗa da buƙatar dan kwangila ya hayar mai tsaro mai dauke da makami a wurin aiki a kan kuɗin kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khromchenko |first=Yulie |date=Mar 28, 2005 |title=Adalah Accuses Education Min. of Employment Discrimination |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240112202842/https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |access-date=12 Jan 2024 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila waɗanda mata ne, nakasassu, ko asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka suna da damar yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan Isra'ila na asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka, ko kuma masu nakasa, suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau game da shigar jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Council for Higher Education |url=http://che.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A1-1-%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%93.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=Che.org.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ייצוג הולם בשירות המדינה |url=http://www.csc.gov.il/DataBases/NewsLetters/NL19/Pages/AdequateRepresentation.aspx |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haramcin Wariya a Samfura, Sabis da Shiga Wuraren Nishaɗi da Wuraren Jama'a Dokar ta hana waɗanda ke gudanar da wuraren jama'a, ko ba da sabis ko samfura, don nuna bambanci saboda launin fata, addini, ƙasa, da ƙasar asali, da sauran dalilai. Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2010 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama ga Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye, dokokin Isra'ila sun hana nuna bambanci a kan launin fata, kuma gwamnati ta aiwatar da wadannan haramcin yadda ya kamata.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2010 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413173255/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |archive-date=13 April 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015 |publisher=US Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba Ayyuka ta Sashen da Kabilanci (2008) &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Aiki
!Ma'aikatan Larabawa (%) 
!Ma'aikatan Yahudawa (%) 
|-
|Gine-gine (maza) 
|28.4
|5.4
|-
|Ma'aikata marasa ƙwarewa
|14.6
|6.4
|-
|Ayyukan kasuwanci
|5.6
|14.3
|-
|Matsayi na gudanarwa
|2.3
|7.3
|-
|Bankin, inshora, da kudi
|0.8
|4.3
|}

=== 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila ===
Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta B'Tselem ta yi iƙirarin cewa an hana Larabawa a Urushalima haƙƙin zama, wanda ya haifar da karancin gidaje a yankunan Larabawa na Urushalima.

Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ta tuhumi cewa rage tallafin tsofaffi da kuma alawus-alawus na yara bisa aikin soji na iyaye na nuna wariya ga yaran Larabawa: &quot;Raguwar za ta kuma shafi 'ya'yan iyayen Yahudawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wadanda ba sa aikin soja, amma sun cancanci karin tallafin, gami da karin ilimi, wanda ba a samu ga yaran Larabawa na Falasdinu ba.&quot;

A cewar rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam ga Isra'ila da Yankunan da aka mamaye, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta yi &quot;ƙananan don rage nuna bambanci na hukuma, shari'a, da al'umma ga' yan ƙasar Larabawa&quot;.  Rahotanni na shekaru masu zuwa sun kuma gano nuna bambanci ga' yan asalin Larabawa a matsayin matsala ga Isra'ilawa, amma ba ta sake maimaita da'ila ta ba don rage nuna rashin nuna bambanci ba. 

Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam  ya lura cewa:

* Asusun Ƙasar Yahudawa (JNF) yana sarrafa kashi 12.5 cikin 100 na ƙasar jama'a amma dokokinta sun hana siyarwa ko hayar ƙasa ga waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba. A watan Oktoba, kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama sun shigar da kara ga Babban Kotun Shari'a suna da'awar cewa sanarwar da Gwamnatin Ƙasar Isra'ila (ILA) ta yi game da ƙasar JNF ta nuna bambanci saboda ta haramta Larabawa daga yin tayin. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2005, babban lauya ya yanke hukuncin cewa &quot;gwamnati ba za ta iya nuna bambanci ga Larabawa na Isra'ila a cikin tallace-tallace da rarraba ƙasashen da take sarrafawa ba, gami da na JNF.
* Kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na Isra'ila da Larabawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnati ta fi ƙuntatawa wajen bayar da izinin gini ga al'ummomin Larabawa da ƙalubalanci manufofin rushe gine-gine ba bisa ka'ida ba a bangaren Larabawa, yana iyakance ci gaban al'umma.
* &quot;A watan Yuni, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukuncin cewa barin garuruwan Larabawa daga wasu tsare-tsare na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na gwamnati na nuna wariya.
* An ƙalubalanci Tsarin Jagora na 1996 na Arewacin Isra'ila a matsayin wariya. Abubuwan da suka fi ba da fifiko sun haɗa da &quot;ƙara yawan Yahudawa na Galili da kuma toshe yanki na garuruwan Larabawa.&quot;
* Keɓe daga aikin soja na wajibi, yawancin Larabawa Isra'ila don haka ba su da damar samun dama fiye da sauran 'yan ƙasa zuwa fa'idodin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin wanda aikin soja ya zama buƙatu ko fa'ida, kamar gidaje, tallafin sabbin gidaje, da aikin yi, musamman aikin masana'antu na gwamnati ko na tsaro. Kwamitin Ivri kan yi wa kasa hidima ya ba da shawarwari a hukumance ga gwamnati cewa a ba wa Larabawa Isra'ila damar yin hidimar kasa.
* &quot;A bisa wani bincike da jami'ar Haifa ta gudanar a shekara ta 2003, akwai wani hali na sanya wa 'yan kasar Larabawa hukuncin dauri fiye da na Yahudawa. Masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama sun yi ikirarin cewa 'yan kasashen Larabawa sun fi fuskantar hukuncin kisa da kuma hana a bayar da belinsu.&quot;
* Rahoton hukumar Or Commission kan kisan ‘yan sanda na masu zanga-zangar Isra’ila da Larabawa ya gano cewa “sakamakon sakaci da wariya” gwamnati na tafiyar da bangaren Larabawa, tare da rabo ko albarkatun da bai dace ba wanda ke haifar da “mummunan wahala” daga al’umma. Abubuwan da ke nuna damuwa sun haɗa da talauci, rashin aikin yi, ƙarancin ƙasa, matsalolin ilimi, da nakasa abubuwan more rayuwa.

Rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila ya rubuta cewa: &quot;Gwamnati gaba daya tana mutunta hakkin 'yan kasarta; duk da haka, an sami matsaloli a wasu bangarori, ciki har da ... nuna wariya na hukumomi, shari'a, da kuma al'umma ga al'ummar Larabawa na kasar.&quot;

A cikin wani rahoto da ya mika wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bedouin ya yi ikirarin cewa suna fuskantar wariya kuma ba a daukarsu a matsayin 'yan kasa daidai a Isra'ila kuma ba a ba wa garuruwan Badouin hidima iri daya ba ko kuma filayen garuruwan Yahudawa masu girman gaske, kuma ba a ba su damar samun ruwa mai kyau. Birnin Be'er Sheva ya ki amincewa da wani wuri mai tsarki na Bedouin, duk da shawarar da Babbar Kotun ta bayar.

''Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2007 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam''  ya lura cewa:

* &quot;A cewar wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005 a Jami'ar Ibraniyawa, an kashe kuɗi sau uku a cikin ilimin yara Yahudawa kamar yadda yara Larabawa.&quot;

A watan Satumbar shekarar 2010, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta amince da gyare-gyare ga dokokin zama ɗan ƙasa na ƙasar. Shirin dokar ya tilasta wa duk wanda ke neman zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ya yi rantsuwa da &quot;Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasar Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot;. Larabawa na Isra'ila da kuma ƙungiyoyin hagu na Isra'ilawa ciki har da shugaban jam'iyyar adawa ta Kadima Tzipi Livni sun soki gyaran sosai. Masanin ilimin halayyar ilimi na Isra'ila Farfesa Gavriel Solomon ya ce rantsuwar aminci ta yi kama da Dokokin Nuremberg . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 October 2010 |title=Israeli academic: Loyalty oath resembles racist laws of 1935 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/israeli-academic-loyalty-oath-resembles-racist-laws-of-1935-1.318275 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magoya bayan gyaran sun bayyana cewa wadanda ba Yahudawa ba ne wadanda suka zama 'yan ƙasa suna buƙatar fahimtar cewa &quot;Jihar Isra'ila ita ce furcin kasa na ƙaddamar da kai na mutanen Yahudawa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2012 |title=Identifying with Israel's national character |url=http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-EdContributors/Article.aspx?id=190897 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isra'ila ta haramta 'yan ƙasa daga ziyartar ƙasashen abokan gaba ba tare da izini ba, ƙuntataccen tafiye-tafiye wanda, a cikin shekarar 2015, ya haɗa da Siriya, Iraki, Iran, Lebanon, Yemen, da Saudi Arabia. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah ta yi iƙirarin cewa wannan yana nuna bambanci ga 'yan asalin Larabawa da Isra'ila, kuma hukumomi ba su tsare Yahudawa ba bayan dawowa daga tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashe marasa izini kamar yadda suka yi da Larabawa Isra'ilawa. Har ila yau, an soki Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Isra'ila saboda nuna bambancin launin fata na 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah tana riƙe da jerin dokoki sama da 50 da take da'awar nuna bambanci ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. A cikin shekara ta 2015, an yi la'akari da launin fata na 'yan asalin Larabawa ta hanyar jami'an tsaro da sauran' yan ƙasa, da kuma hare-haren fansa a kan Larabawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2016&quot; /&gt;

Since the outbreak of the Gaza war, Israel has carried out mass arrests and detentions of Palestinians and Arab Israelis, with thousands arrested or detained in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories. On 5 November 2023, [[CNN]] reported that &quot;dozens&quot; of Palestinian residents and Arab citizens of Israel were arrested in Israel for expressions of solidarity with the civilian population of Gaza, sharing [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Quran]] verses, or expressing &quot;any support for the Palestinian people&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kottasová |first=Ivana |last2=Saifi |first2=Zeena |date=2023-11-05 |title='The reaction is extreme': Palestinians fear arrest if they voice sympathy for Gaza civilians |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/05/middleeast/palestinians-israel-fear-arrest-gaza-intl-cmd/index.html |website=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Haaretz'' described the widespread targeting of Arab Israelis by Israeli security forces. Referring to &quot;hundreds&quot; of interrogations, ''El País'' reported on 11 November that Israel increasingly treats its Arab minority as a &quot;potential fifth column&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pita |first=Antonio |date=2023-11-11 |title=Israel aumenta el cerco a su minoría árabe |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2023-11-11/israel-aumenta-el-cerco-a-su-minoria-arabe.html |website=El País |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ayyuka masu kyau ====
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau a cikin buƙatun shiga jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;/&gt;

=== Baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba da masu neman mafaka ===
Isra'ila jam'iyya ce ta jihar da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin [[Sudan]]_refugees_in_Israel&quot; id=&quot;mwBWo&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Sudanese refugees in Israel&quot;&gt;'yan gudun hijira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 April 2011 |title=Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b73b0d63.pdf |access-date=5 December 2012 |publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila suna la'akari da tsarin mafaka na Isra'ilawa da rashin adalci, kuma yawan amincewa da 'yan gudun hijira ya fi ƙasa da kashi 1%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Until our hearts are completely hardened, Report on asylum procedures in Israel, Hotline for Migrant Workers, April 2012 |url=http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018173547/http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga shekara ta 2003, kimanin baƙi 70,000 ba bisa ka'ida ba daga kasashe daban-daban na Afirka sun haye zuwa Isra'ila. Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 600 daga yankin Darfur na Sudan an ba su matsayin mazauna wucin gadi don sabuntawa kowace shekara, kodayake ba matsayin' yan gudun hijira na hukuma ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ACRI.org.il |url=http://www.acri.org.il/pdf/refugees0209en.pdf |access-date=25 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba da wasu 'yan gudun hijira 2,000 daga rikici tsakanin [[Eritrea]] da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] matsayin mazaunin wucin gadi a kan dalilai na jin kai, kodayake Isra'ila ta fi son kada ta gane su a matsayin' yan gudun hijira.

A cikin wani labari na shekarar 2012, ''Reuters'' ta ruwaito, &quot;Isra'ila na iya ɗaure baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba har zuwa shekaru uku a ƙarƙashin dokar da aka fara aiki a ranar Lahadi, wani jami'in Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ce, wani mataki da aka yi niyyar hana kwararar 'yan Afirka da ke shiga Isra'ila a kan iyakar hamada da Masar.  Ministan cikin gida Eli Yishai ya ce, &quot;Me ya sa muka yi rashin lafiya da zukata masu zubar da jini, gami da 'yan siyasa. Ayyuka za su zama mafi yawa a nan za su sa su zama jarirai, kuma wannan tayin ya sa Sudan ya fice su gudu zuwa duniya, kuma ya sa su zama mafi yawanci, kuma ya zama' yan gudun hijira za su gudu, kuma ya haifar da yawa, kuma ya fice ga Yesu Yesu ya sa suka fice, kuma ya fito da yawa, za su zama' yan kasa, kuma ya sami mafaka za su zama 'yan gudun hijira' yan gudunya suka ficececece' yan gudun

A karkashin Dokar Rigakafin Kutse ta 2014, duk masu ketare kan iyaka da ba bisa ka'ida ba an ayyana su a matsayin &quot;masu kutse&quot; kuma ana iya tsare su a gidan yarin Saharonim na tsawon watanni uku &quot;domin tantancewa&quot; sannan kuma watanni 12 a wurin Holhot mai nisa. Kamfanin dillancin labaran iqna ya habarta cewa, ya nakalto daga shafin sadarwa na yanar gizo na Hotline na ‘yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure cewa hukumomi sun mayar da fiye da rabin mutanen da ake tsare da su na Holot zuwa Saharonim har na tsawon watanni da dama saboda wasu laifukan da suka saba wa doka. A wasu jerin hukunce-hukuncen da kotun kolin ta yanke, ta yi watsi da cewa za a iya tsare bakin haure har abada, ta kuma ba da umarnin sakin bakin haure 1,178 'yan kasashen Eritrea da Sudan da ake tsare da su sama da shekara guda ba tare da tuhume su ba. Gwamnati ta hana wadannan masu neman mafaka daga Tel Aviv ko Eilat, inda za su kasance suna da al'ummomin tallafi da kuma samun damar yin ayyukan jin kai.

Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, tun daga shekarar 2011 yanayin 'yan gudun hijira a Isra'ila ya tabarbare &quot;saboda amincewa da manufofi da dokoki da nufin dakile masu neman mafaka a nan gaba ta hanyar yin wahala ga wadanda ke cikin kasar. Wadannan ayyuka sun kara tauye 'yancin jama'a da kuma karfafa barin kasar.&quot; Gwamnati za ta yi wahala a nemi izinin zama ɗan gudun hijira yayin da ake tsare da ita na tsawon shekara guda, kuma da zarar an sake shi za ta buƙaci masu neman su ba da hujjar rashin neman izini tun da farko. Ana kiran masu neman mafaka &quot;masu kutse&quot; ta gwamnati da kafafen yada labarai, wadanda ke danganta su da karuwar laifuka, cututtuka, da zaman banza.

=== 'Yan Afirka na Isra'ila ===
A cewar BBC, Yahudawa na Habasha da ke zaune a Isra'ila sun daɗe suna gunaguni game da nuna bambanci. Sun gudanar da tarurruka bayan yarjejeniyar da masu mallakar gidaje a kudancin Isra'ila suka yi don kada su hayar ko sayar da dukiyarsu ga Yahudawa na asalin Habasha. Al'ummar Yahudawa na Habasha sun shiga cikin zanga-zangar bayan bidiyon da ya fito wanda ya nuna 'yan sanda biyu suna doke soja na Habasha da Isra'ila, Demas Fekadeh . &lt;ref name=&quot;clash&quot; /&gt; Duk da yake zanga-zangar da dubban masu zanga-zambe suka yi da farko ba ta da tashin hankali, rikice-rikice da 'yan sanda sun ci gaba. ACRI ta yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan sanda sun kasa gargadi masu zanga-zangar kafin yin amfani da matakan watsa jama'a, kuma amfani da su bai karu a hankali ba. Gwamnati ta sauke tuhumar da aka yi wa Fekadeh, ta kammala cewa bai fara rikici da ya haifar da duka ba.

== Ilimi ==
[[Fayil:GalilSchoolSign.jpg|thumb|Alama a gaban Makarantar Galil, makarantar firamare ta [[Larabawa]] da Yahudawa a Isra'ila.]]
Dokar 'Yancin Dalibai ta Isra'ila ta shekarar 2000 ta haramta nuna bambanci ga dalibai saboda dalilai na ɗarika a shigarwa ko fitarwa daga cibiyar ilimi, a cikin kafa tsarin karatun daban-daban ko gudanar da azuzuwan daban-daban a cikin wannan cibiyar ilimi guda, da kuma haƙƙoƙi da wajibai na ɗalibai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=חוק זכויות התלמיד באנגלית – Pupils' Rights Law |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/Zchuyot/ChukimVeamanot/Chukim/PupilsRightsLaw |access-date=16 May 2010 |publisher=Cms.education.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta aiwatar da wannan dokar, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar daga iyalan Orthodox waɗanda suka ki tura yaransu zuwa makarantu masu haɗin kai.
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

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An bayyana Isra'ila a cikin Sanarwar cewa 'yancin kai a matsayin &quot;jaha ta Yahudawa&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Avalon Project : Declaration of Israel's Independence 1948 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Avalon.law.yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; - an karɓi ma'anar doka &quot;Jiha ta Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot; a shekara ta 1985. Baya ga yawancin Yahudawa a yankin ban da [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Yankunan Palasdinawa]] da aka mamaye, Isra'ila gida ce ga 'yan tsiraru na addini da kabilanci, wasu daga cikinsu suna ba da rahoton nuna bambanci. A cikin yankunan Palasdinawa, Gwamnatocin Isra'ila da suka biyo baya sun fuskanci zargi na kasa da kasa daga wasu ƙasashe da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da na cikin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=Israel's apartheid against Palestinians |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Amnesty International]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shakir |first=Omar |date=2021-04-27 |title=A Threshold Crossed |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution |journal=[[Human Rights Watch]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Apartheid |url=https://www.btselem.org/topic/apartheid |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[B'Tselem]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ארכיון Settler Violence |url=https://www.yesh-din.org/en/category/settler-violence/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Yesh Din]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗaya daga cikin Dokokin Ƙananan na Isra'ila, wanda aka nufa don zama tushen kundin tsarin mulki na gaba,  Dokokin Ƙarshen: Darajar Dan Adam da 'Yanci, babban kayan aiki ne don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da' yancin jama'a a Jihar Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gavison |first=Ruth |year=1985 |title=The Controversy over Israel's Bill of Rights |journal=Israel Yearbook of Human Rights |volume=15 |pages=113–154}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah sun nuna cewa wannan dokar ba ta ƙunshi tanadi na gaba ɗaya don daidaito da rashin nuna bambanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inequality Report: The Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel - Adalah |url=https://www.adalah.org/en/content/view/7404 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.adalah.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, sun bayar da rahoton take hakkin bil'adama da kasar Isra'ila ke yi, musamman kan wasu tsiraru. Wadannan rahotanni sun hada da take hakkokin Falasdinawa, na ciki da wajen Isra'ila da kuma wasu kungiyoyi a Isra'ila.

Freedom House ya bayyana Isra'ila a matsayin 'yanci na siyasa da dimokuradiyya fiye da kasashe makwabta a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 January 2013 |title=US watchdog: Israel is Mideast's only 'free' state |url=https://www.jpost.com/National-News/US-watchdog-Israel-is-Mideasts-only-free-state |access-date=21 August 2018 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar na shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, Isra'ila na fuskantar manyan matsalolin kare hakkin bil'adama game da nuna wariya ga hukumomi a kan al'ummar Larabawa na Isra'ila (da yawa daga cikinsu suna bayyana kansu a matsayin Falasdinu), 'yan Isra'ila da mata na Habasha, da kuma kula da 'yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure. Sauran matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam sun haɗa da nuna wariyar hukuma ga Yahudawa waɗanda ba 'yan Orthodox ba da kuma iyalai masu aure, da cin zarafin ma'aikata a kan ma'aikatan kasashen waje.

== Tarihi ==
Majalisar Tarayyar Al'ummai ta amince da ƙuduri a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1931 game da yanayin da ake buƙata kafin a kawo ƙarshen mulkin. Sabuwar gwamnati ta samar da wata sanarwa ta baki ko rubuce-rubuce da ta amince da karɓar wajibin tabbatar da daidaito na kabilanci da addinai. Wannan ƙuduri ya biyo bayan tsohuwar doka ta duniya a lokuta inda manyan iko suka taimaka wajen maido da ikon mallakar yankin. Ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan &quot;Gwamnatin Falasdinu ta nan gaba&quot; ya ƙunshi duka shirin rabuwa da Shirin Kare Ƙananan .  Ya sanya 'yan tsiraru, mata, da' yancin addini a ƙarƙashin kariya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya. Shirin ya ba da takamaiman tabbacin haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali. Sabbin jihohin sun samar da sanarwa, wanda bisa ga abin da ya gabata ya yi daidai da yarjejeniya.&lt;ref&gt;See International Human Rights in Context, Henry J. Steiner, Philip Alston, Ryan Goodman, Oxford University Press US, 2008, {{ISBN|0-19-927942-X}}, page 100&lt;/ref&gt; Kudin ya bayyana cewa &quot;ka'idojin da ke cikin sanarwar an gane su a matsayin manyan dokoki na Jiha, kuma babu wata doka, ka'ida ko aikin hukuma da za su saba wa ko tsoma baki da waɗannan ka'idojin, kuma babu wani doka, ka-idaita ko aikin hukumi da zai mamaye su&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, November 29, 1947, C. Declarations |url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029150108/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |archive-date=29 October 2006 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanarwar kafa kasar Isra'ila ta yi shelar, a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1948, cewa &quot;haƙƙin Yahudawa na sake haifuwa na ƙasa a cikin ƙasarta&quot; an amince da shi a cikin sanarwar Balfour na 2 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1917, kuma an sake tabbatar da shi a cikin Umurnin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya wanda, musamman, ya ba da izini na kasa da kasa da Isra'ila ga Isra'ila da Isra'ila. hakkin Yahudawa na sake gina Gidansa na Ƙasa.&quot; Har ila yau, ta ayyana cewa kasar &quot;za ta kasance a bude don hijirar Yahudawa da kuma tattara 'yan gudun hijirar; za ta bunkasa ci gaban kasar don amfanin dukan mazaunanta; za ta kasance bisa 'yanci, adalci da zaman lafiya kamar yadda annabawan Isra'ila suka tsara; za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na zamantakewa da 'yancin siyasa ga dukan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini, addini ko jinsi ba; za ta ba da tabbaci ga harshe, yanci ko jinsi; kiyaye Wurare Mai Tsarki na dukan addinai; kuma zai kasance da aminci ga ƙa'idodin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.&quot;

Wasu malaman Burtaniya suna jayayya cewa Isra'ila ba ta cika wajibinta na kare haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru ba.&lt;ref&gt;Yvonne Schmidt, &quot;Foundations of Civil and Political Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories&quot;, GRIN Verlag, 2008, {{ISBN|3-638-94450-6}}, page 98&lt;/ref&gt;

Asalin Dokar Isra'ila: Mutuncin Dan Adam da 'Yanci, ya ce muhimman haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Isra'ila za a kiyaye su bisa ga ƙa'idodin da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar, amma ta keɓance musamman dokar da ta riga ta fara aiki. Masana harkokin shari'a na Isra'ila sun ce an yi amfani da kalmomin dokar ne don guje wa wahalar ba da fifiko ga daidaito, wanda ba a san shi ba. Sakamakon shi ne cewa za a iya jujjuya ƙa'idar daidaito ta hanyar doka ta yau da kullun, kuma ba za ta yi watsi da ka'idodin doka ko na alƙalai ba.

== Matsayi na 'yanci,' yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a a Isra'ila ==

=== 'Yancin zama ɗan ƙasa ===
Dokar kasa ta Isra'ila da Dokar Komawa, sun bambanta tsakanin Yahudawa Isra'ilawa da Falasdinawa Isra'ilawa ta hanyar sabunta ra'ayi na kasa yahudawa da ke bambanta da zama dan kasar Isra'ila. Duk da take, Dokar Ƙasa ba ta kafa ra'ayin ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ba, a maimakon haka tana danganta ɗan ƙasa da alaƙar addini.

Dokar Kasa ta ba da izinin Palasdinawa su zama 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila ne kawai idan sun kasance (ko kuma zuriyar waɗanda ke wurin) a Isra'ila tsakanin shekarar 1948 da shekarar 1952. Wadannan ƙuntatawa sun cire duk waɗanda aka kore su ko waɗanda suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 da zuriyarsu. Dokar Komawa ta tabbatar da haƙƙin kowane [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ya yi ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ta atomatik. Falasdinawa da zuriyarsu waɗanda aka kore su ko suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 an hana su wannan haƙƙin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Dokar zama dan kasa da shiga cikin Isra'ila (2003) ta hana Falasdinawa daga yankunan Falasdinawa da aka mamaye 'yancin samun matsayin zama na Isra'ila ko zama dan kasa, ko da a lokuta da suka yi aure da 'yan Isra'ila. Wannan haramcin ya ta'allaka ne kan dan kasa ba kan wani lamari na tsaro ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2008, Knesset ta amince da Dokar zama ɗan ƙasa (gyara Lamba 9) (Ikon soke zama ɗan ƙasa) (2008), wanda ke ba da damar soke zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila bisa ga &quot;cin amana&quot;. Musamman ma, keta amana na iya haɗawa da aikin zama a wasu ƙasashen Larabawa ko musulmi ko yankin Gaza. Wannan doka ta halatta soke zama ɗan ƙasa a kan haka ba tare da an yanke masa hukunci ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

=== Hakki da 'yanci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka yi ===
Binciken da Freedom House mai hedkwata a Amurka ya gudanar a shekara ta 2013, wanda ke kokarin auna irin dimokuradiyya da 'yancin siyasa a kowace kasa, ya sanya Isra'ila tare da Tunisiya a matsayin kasa daya tilo da ke da 'yanci a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;/&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''Rarrabawar Isra'ila, da yankunan da ta mamaye, ta Freedom House, The Economist Intelligence Unit da Transparency International'''
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
!Kasar / Ƙungiya - NGO
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Gidan 'Yanci
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sashin leken asiri na tattalin arziki
!Bayyanawa ta Duniya
|-
!Rahoton-Ranking
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'Yanci a Duniya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lissafin Dimokuradiyya
!Rashin fahimta na cin hanci da rashawa
|-
!
!Rarraba 'yanci, Wani bangare na 'yanci&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;'Yanci'&lt;/span&gt;, Wani ɓangare na' Yanci, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Ba 'Yanci ba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
![[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|'Yancin siyasa]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[Ƴancin Jama'a|'Yancin Jama'a]]&lt;br /&gt;
!Dimokuradiyya Rarraba Dimokuradiya Cikakken Dimokuradiyar, Dimokuradiyan da ba su da kyau, Tsarin Mulki&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Cikakken dimokuradiyya&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#cfc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Dimokuradiyya mara kyau&lt;/span&gt;, Tsarin Mulki na Hybrid, Tsarin Mulki&lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Tsarin mulki na mulkin mallaka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!Cikakken Sakamakon
!Ra'ayoyin cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Isra'ila
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |'Yanci'
|1
|2
| style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot; |Dimokuradiyya mara kyau
|7.79
|6.0
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |Ba 'Yanci ba
|6
|6
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|}

; Bayani
:

* Ta hanyar Freedom House 2009 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Map of Freedom in the World |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&amp;year=2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ga 'yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a, 1 yana wakiltar mafi kyawun kyauta kuma 7 mafi ƙarancin kyauta.
* Bisa ga The Economist Intelligence Unit 2010 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Democracy Index 2010 |url=http://graphics.eiu.com/PDF/Democracy_Index_2010_web.pdf |access-date=2 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cikakken dimokuradiyya suna da jimlar 10 zuwa 8, dimokuradiyar da ba ta dace ba tana da jimlar 7.9 zuwa 6, gwamnatocin haɗin gwiwa suna da jimillar 5.9 zuwa 4, kuma gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna da jimla daga 3.9 zuwa 1. Matsayin dimokuradiyya ya fi girma yayin da ci ya karu.
* Dangane da ƙididdigar cin hanci da rashawa ta duniya ta shekara-shekara,  ci ya kasance daga 10 (mai tsabta) zuwa 0 (mai cin hanci).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=2008 Corruption Perceptions Index |url=http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311002755/http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |archive-date=11 March 2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |website=Transparency International Annual Report |publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun soki gwamnatin Isra'ila saboda kai hari ga kungiyoyin farar hula da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila (ACRI), babbar kungiyar 'yancin jama'a ta Isra'ila, jerin kokarin gwamnatin Isra'ila a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun kai hari kan kungiyoyin fararen hula na Isra'ila da Kotun Koli na Isra'ila. Rahoton ACRI na Disamba 2017 ya gabatar da abin da yake kallo a matsayin misalan harin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ci gaba da kai wa dimokuradiyyar Isra'ila, 'yancin ɗan adam, 'yancin yin zanga-zanga, mutunta kimar daidaici, da 'yancin siyasa, zamantakewa da 'yan tsiraru. Wannan yanayin a Isra'ila an kira shi &quot;rashin bin tsarin mulki&quot; ta wasu masu sharhi na shari'a.

=== Zaben, jam'iyyun siyasa, da wakilci ===
A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan Isra'ila, &quot;Dokar ta bai wa 'yan kasar damar zabar gwamnatinsu a zabukan lokaci-lokaci na 'yanci da adalci bisa tsarin zabe na bai daya, kuma 'yan kasar sun yi amfani da wannan damar.&quot; Zaɓen da aka gudanar a watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2015 an yi la'akari da shi cikin 'yanci da adalci a wurin masu sa ido. An soki sauyin da aka yi a matakin zabe da cewa ya takaita wakilcin kananan jam’iyyu, musamman ma da ke shafar tsirarun Larabawa. Wannan ya sa jam'iyyu hudu masu rinjaye na Larabawa suka hade waje daya, wato Joint List, wanda ya samu kujeru 13, ya kuma zama bangare na uku mafi girma a majalisar Knesset. Galibin Falasdinawa a yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye na rayuwa ne a karkashin mamayar Isra'ila kuma ba 'yan kasar Isra'ila ba ne. Ba a yarda su kada kuri'a a Isra'ila ba.

Doka ta asali: Knesset (1958) da gyare-gyaren da suka biyo baya sun hana jerin jam'iyyun tsayawa takara a majalisar Knesset idan manufofinta ko ayyukanta sun hada da &quot;kyau da wanzuwar kasar Isra'ila a matsayin kasar Yahudawa&quot;. Cibiyar shari'a ta Isra'ila Adalah ta bayyana cewa &quot;wannan dokar ta hana yin amfani da 'yancin yin siyasa cikin 'yanci, ciki har da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da shiga siyasa. Ana amfani da ita sau da yawa don ƙoƙarin hana jam'iyyun siyasa na Larabawa da 'yan majalisar dokoki don neman canza yanayin kasa ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, alal misali, zuwa wata ƙasa da ta dogara da cikakken daidaito na farar hula da na kasa wanda ba ya ba da fifiko ga wata ƙungiya ta kasa fiye da ɗayan, har ma da toshe muhawara kan irin waɗannan shawarwari.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Mata sun fuskanci manyan matsalolin al'adu a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa masu wakiltar ƙungiyoyin addini masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma, a ƙaramin mataki, tsirarun Larabawa. A zaben 2015, Knesset mai mambobi 120 na da mambobi mata 29 da mambobi Larabawa 15. An nada mata uku a majalisar ministocin, kuma a karon farko, wata Balarabe Isra'ila ta jagoranci wani kwamiti na dindindin.

=== 'Yanci na addini ===
[[Fayil:Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg|left|thumb|Ganuwar Yamma, [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]]]]
Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2009 kan Isra'ila da yankunan da ta mamaye, &quot;Dokar Isra'ila ta Bada 'Yanci da Mutunci da 'Yanci ta tanadi 'yancin yin ibada kuma gabaɗaya Gwamnati na mutunta wannan hakki a aikace.&quot; Rahoton ya kara da cewa &quot;Manufar gwamnati ta ci gaba da goyon bayan gudanar da harkokin addini na 'yanci, duk da cewa ana ci gaba da nuna wariya na gwamnati da na shari'a ga wadanda ba Yahudawa ba da kuma na addinin Yahudanci ba&quot; kuma &quot;Yahudawa da yawa 'yan kasar sun ki amincewa da ikon Orthodox na keɓance kan muhimman al'amuran rayuwarsu.&quot; Rahoton ya bayyana cewa kimanin ‘yan kasar 310,000 da suka yi hijira zuwa Isra’ila a karkashin dokar komowa, ba mabiya addinin Orthodoks ke daukar Yahudawa ba, don haka ba za a iya aure ko a sake su ba, ko kuma a binne su a makabartun Yahudawan da ke cikin kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite report|last1=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan samun iko da Yammacin Kogin a shekarar 1967, Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin musulmi damar shiga masallatai, gami da [[Al-Aqsa]], da kuma damar Kirista zuwa majami'u. Isra'ila ta ba da kariya ga wuraren addini na addinan da ba na Yahudawa ba; mafi shahararren Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila (IDF) sun kama wani mutum wanda ya sanar da su shirinsa na kai hari Masallacin Al-Aqsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2006 |title=Police arrest J'lem rabbi who threatened to carry out terror attack on Temple Mount |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/770846.html |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu lokuta, bukukuwan kwanaki masu tsarki ta addinai daban-daban suna da damar haifar da rikici; don haka 'yan sanda na Isra'ila suna daukar matakai don kauce wa rikici tsakanin al'ummomi ta hanyar bayar da ƙuntatawa na wucin gadi kan motsi  da bautar da ake ji. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 September 2006 |title=Restrictions on Old City Jews During Ramadan – Inside Israel – Israel News |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=112595 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar wani rahoto na shekara ta 2009 daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Ofishin Demokraɗiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam, da Kwadago, Isra'ila ta gaza kasancewa al'umma mai juriya ko jam'i. A cewar rahoton, Isra'ila na nuna wariya ga Musulmai, Shaidun Jehobah, Yahudawa masu kawo sauyi, Kirista, mata da kuma Badawiyya. Dukkan wurare 137 masu tsarki da Isra'ila ta amince da su Yahudawa ne, suna yin watsi da kuma yin watsi da wuraren Kirista da na Musulmi, duk da Dokar Kare Wuraren Tsarkakewa ta 1967 da aka yi niyya don kare dukkan wurare masu tsarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 February 2009 |title=2008 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226174854/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |archive-date=26 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=[[US Department of State]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Baha'i|Bangaskiyar Bahá'í]] (a cikin 1960) tana kula da wurin zama na hukumomin su, Gidan Shari'a na Duniya, a Haifa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Baháʼí World Centre |url=http://www.bahai.org/dir/bwc |access-date=31 July 2006 |publisher=[[Baháʼí International Community]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] yana aiki a matsayin addini a Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Diamond Way Buddhism in Israel |url=http://www.buddhism.org.il/?newlang=english |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Diamond Way Buddhism}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Buddhanet's Middle East Buddhist Directory: Israel |url=http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm#israel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627120448/http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm |archive-date=27 June 2006 |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta wallafa nazarin tashin hankali na zamantakewa ta ƙasa. Cibiyar Hostilities Index (SHI) tana auna ayyukan ƙiyayya ta addini ta mutane, ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyin jama'a. &quot;Wannan ya haɗa da taron jama'a ko tashin hankali na ɗarika, cin zarafi kan tufafi saboda dalilai na addini, da sauran tsoratar da addini ko cin zarafi. &quot;  A cikin shekarar 2007, Isra'ila tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 10 da ke da maki sama da 7.1 a sikelin 10; a cikin 2010, Isra'ila da yankunan Palasdinawa sun kasance biyu daga cikin yankuna 15 da ke da mafi girman ƙimar SHI.&lt;ref name=&quot;pewforum.org&quot; /&gt;

=== Dokokin aure da saki ===
Ma'aurata da ke son yin aure na iya yin hakan ne kawai ta hanyar bikin addini, idan Yahudawa, [[Aure a Musulunci|Musulmi]], Kirista, ko wasu. Ma'aurata marasa addini, tun daga shekara ta 2014, na iya samun wani nau'in auren farar hula a Isra'ila, kuma su sami [[Relationships Card|Katin Dangantaka]] ta sabuwar kungiyar da ke canza matsayinsu ga ma'aurata, kuma suna ba su duk hakkokin da suka fito daga gare ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=רשומות הכנסת, קובץ התקנות, 7326, הודעת ברית הזוגיות לחסרי דת (אגרות), התשע&quot;ד-2014. עמוד 486. |url=http://www.justice.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/97DAEDE3-9271-40E7-ADF9-4C91058FAF75/42863/7326.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=משפחה חדשה |url=http://www.news1.co.il/uploadFiles/543728053569794.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=News1.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2014 |title=לראשונה: תעודת הזוגיות של &quot;משפחה חדשה&quot; הוכרה כנישואים |url=http://www.mako.co.il/pride-news/local/Article-bf5f377c4709a41006.htm |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Mako.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aure na doka na yau da kullun yana ba ma'aurata hakkoki iri ɗaya da ma'auratan ke morewa. 'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila na iya tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje don auren farar hula, wanda ke da alhakin a ƙarƙashin dokar Isra'ila.

A lokacin Al-Aqsa Intifada a shekara ta 2003, Knesset ta yi gyare-gyare na wucin gadi ga Dokar 'yan kasa da shiga cikin Dokar Isra'ila wanda ya hana Palasdinawa da suka yi aure ga Isra'ilawa samun'ila ko zama. Masu sukar suna jayayya cewa dokar wariyar launin fata ce saboda an yi niyya ne ga Larabawa na Isra'ila waɗanda ke da yiwuwar samun ma'aurata Palasdinawa fiye da sauran Isra'ilawa; masu kare sun ce dokar tana da niyyar hana hare-haren ta'addanci da kiyaye halin Yahudawa na Isra'ilawa. Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambanci tsakanin launin fata ya amince da ƙuduri cewa dokar Isra'ila ta keta yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya game da wariyar launin fata. Jakadan Isra'ila a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva, [[Yaakov Levy]], ya ce ƙudurin &quot;ya kasance mai zurfi na siyasa&quot;, yana mai nuna rashin nasarar kwamitin na ba da buƙatar Isra'ila don gabatar da shaidar &quot;biyan dokar da ke cikin dokar kasa da kasa da kuma aiki&quot;, misalai na &quot;batutuwa masu yawa [inda] ba da matsayin doka ga matan Palasdinawa na mazaunan Isra'ila  yi amfani da shi da mazaunan Palasdinawa don Ta'addanci na kashe kansa&quot;, da kuma watsi da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Turai batun ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Babban Kotun Isra'ila.[was]

Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI) ta shigar da takarda don a soke dokar  amma Kotun Koli ta amince da ita a shekara ta 2006.  A cikin tsara dokar, gwamnati ta ambaci, &quot;bayanan da jami'an tsaro suka gabatar, wanda ya ce kungiyoyin ta'addanci suna ƙoƙarin tattara Palasdinawa waɗanda suka riga sun karɓi ko za su karɓi takardun Isra'ila kuma cewa jami'an tsaron suna da wahalar rarrabe tsakanin Palasdinawa da za su iya taimaka wa 'yan ta'adda da waɗanda ba za su ba&quot;. A cikin hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila game da wannan al'amari, Mataimakin Babban Alkalin Shari'a Mishael Cheshin ya yi jayayya cewa, &quot;yan ƙasar Isra'ila  jin daɗin haƙƙin tsarin mulki don kawo ɗan ƙasar waje zuwa Isra'ila... kuma haƙƙin - ƙari, wajibi ne - na jihar, na kowace jiha, don kare mazaunanta daga waɗanda ke son cutar da su. &quot;

A shekara ta 2009, Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka na Dimokuradiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ayyuka sun soki rashin auren farar hula da saki a Isra'ila ga baƙi waɗanda ba a dauke su Yahudawa a ƙarƙashin dokar rabbi ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Human rights activists have criticised Israel's stay of exit order, saying it unfairly targets divorced men by preventing them from leaving the country indefinitely until they settle the full child support arrears of their children until age 18. While this could easily amount to obligations in the millions of US dollars, even a US$100 debt can trigger a stay of exit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CCF Israel Report of the Israeli Civil Society |url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=tbinternet.ohchr.org |publisher=ccfisrael.org |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106020129/https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The men are required to pay 100% or more of their income, and are jailed for 21 days each time they miss a monthly payment. In 2021, it was reported that an Australian man who was divorced from his Israeli wife was detained from leaving the country in 2013, with the stay of exit being in force until 31 December 9999, or until he paid $3 million in child support arrears. Marianne Azizi, British journalist and head of Coalition of the Children and Families in Israel (CCF), estimated that hundreds more Australians were trapped in the country as a result of the stay of exit. She had been informed by British Embassy officials in Tel Aviv that 100 British nationals per month had been reaching out to them for help in getting out of the country.&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian&quot; /&gt;

A watan Maris na 2019, Azizi ta ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu a Geneva game da take hakkin dan Adam da ta ci gaba da kasancewa sakamakon kai tsaye sakamakon ka'idojin tallafawa yara kanana a Isra'ila, tana mai cewa &quot;... Rayuwar ubanni sama da 2,000 a kashe kansu yana da tsada&quot;. Ta ce Isra'ilawa ba sa bayar da rahoton take hakin bil'adama saboda tsoron &quot;sakamako&quot;, kamar yadda wasu masu fafutuka suka kwace musu 'ya'yansu. Lauyan Mickey Givati, wanda ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya ya ba shi izinin taimakawa baki daga Isra'ila, ya shaida cewa an sanya na'urorin bin diddigin a cikin motarsa da gidansa da kuma wayarsa, kuma an ajiye 'ya'yansa a wani matsuguni ba bisa ka'ida ba.

=== Tsarin shari'a da shari'ar aikata laifuka ===
Dokar Isra'ila ta tanadi 'yancin yin shari'a ta gaskiya da kuma shari'a mai zaman kanta. Rahoton da Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra’ila ya nuna cewa a wasu lokuta kotuna suna yanke hukunci a kan bangaren zartarwa, ciki har da wasu shari’o’in tsaro. Kungiyoyin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam sun yi imanin ana mutunta wadannan bukatu gaba daya. Tsarin yana da adawa kuma ƙwararrun alkalai ne ke yanke hukunci. Wadanda ake tuhuma marasa galihu suna samun wakilci na tilas. Wasu yankunan kasar na karkashin ikon shari'a daban-daban na kotunan soji. An yi imanin cewa waɗannan kotuna sun yi daidai da sauran kotunan laifuka na Isra'ila kan batutuwan da suka shafi fararen hula. Ba za a iya yanke hukunci a waɗannan kotuna bisa ikirari kaɗai ba.

=== Hukuncin kisa ===
A halin yanzu dai dokar Isra'ila ta ba da damar yanke hukuncin kisa kan manyan laifukan da aka aikata a lokacin yaki, amma an soke shi a lokacin zaman lafiya. Laifukan da ake aikatawa a lokacin yaƙi sun haɗa da kisan kiyashi, laifuffukan da ake yi wa Yahudawa, laifuffukan cin zarafin ɗan adam, da laifukan yaƙi. Mutum daya tilo da aka taba yankewa hukuncin kisa bayan an same shi da laifi a wata kotun farar hula ta Isra’ila shi ne mai laifin yakin Nazi Adolf Eichmann .

=== 'Yancin fursunoni ===
B'Tselem ta ruwaito cewa an yi ta azabtar da mutanen da ba a zarginsu da aikata laifuka, wadanda suka hada da malaman addini, shehunai da malaman addini, masu fafutuka a kungiyoyin agaji, da daliban Musulunci. Sauran da za a azabtar da su sun hada da ’yan’uwa da sauran dangin mutanen da aka lissafa a matsayin wadanda ake so da kuma duk wani Bafalasdine a cikin aikin injiniya. A wasu lokutan kuma, an kama matan da ake tsare da su tare da wulakanta su don kara matsa wa mazajensu. Jami’an ISA a wasu lokutan suna azabtar da Falasdinawa domin daukar su a matsayin masu hada kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Background of the High Court of Justice's Decision |url=http://www.btselem.org/torture/background |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

B'Tselem ta kiyasta cewa ISA na yin tambayoyi tsakanin Falasdinawa 1,000 zuwa 1,500 a kowace shekara kuma tana amfani da hanyoyin da za su zama azabtarwa ga wasu kashi 85 cikin 100 na su, akalla mutane 850 a shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;/&gt;

[[Amnesty International]] ta kuma bayar da rahoton yin amfani da azabtarwa ga fursunonin Palasdinawa, tare da tsare-tsare, ba tare da shari'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Human rights in Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty ta ruwaito cewa an tsare Palasdinawa sama da 2,200 daga yankin Yammacin da aka mamaye a watan farko na Yaƙin Gaza na shekarar 2023. Bayanai da rikodin bidiyo sun nuna azabtar da fursunoni, gami da mummunan duka da wulakanci ga fursunoni.  Ta hanyar tilasta musu su sa kawunansu su kwanta, su durƙusa a ƙasa yayin ƙididdigar fursunoni&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=Israel/OPT: Horrifying cases of torture and degrading treatment of Palestinian detainees amid spike in arbitrary arrests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/11/israel-opt-horrifying-cases-of-torture-and-degrading-treatment-of-palestinian-detainees-amid-spike-in-arbitrary-arrests/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani rahoto na shekara ta 1978 daga karamin ofishin jakadancin da ke birnin Kudus ya bayyana shari’ar sojan da aka yi wa wasu matasa ‘yan kasar Amurka guda biyu wadanda suka ba da rahoton cewa mahukuntan Isra’ila sun yi amfani da karfin tuwo wajen samun ikirari daga wajensu. Rahoton ya kammala da cewa hukumomin Isra'ila na sane da cewa mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da &quot;tilastawa ta jiki da musgunawa&quot; wajen samun ikirari.

Hukumar Landau ta shekarar 1987, karkashin jagorancin mai shari'a Moshe Landau na Kotun Koli, an nada ta ne domin ta binciki hanyoyin tambayoyi na Hukumar Tsaron Isra'ila (ISA) kuma ta ce &quot;ba za a iya guje wa yin matsananciyar matsin lamba ba&quot;. Duk da haka, hukumar ta yi Allah wadai da wata takarda ta cikin gida ta shekarar 1982 wadda ta umurci masu yin tambayoyi kan irin karyar da ya kamata su yi a kotu lokacin da suke musanta cewa za su yi amfani da karfin jiki wajen samun ikirari. Ta yi Allah-wadai da shedar karya da abin ya shafa amma ta ba da shawarar a guji hukunta wadanda suka aikata ta. Sashi na biyu na rahoton Landau ya kasance sirri ne, an yi imanin cewa yana ɗauke da ƙa'idodin hanyoyin tambayoyi da aka halatta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Landau Commission examined interrogation methods |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/Torture/Background.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hukumar Landau ta kai ga daruruwan korafe-korafe da Falasdinawa da ake tsare da su suka yi na korafin cewa an yi amfani da karfi a kansu a lokacin da ISA ke yi musu tambayoyi. A cikin keɓantattun shari'o'i, an ba da umarnin wucin gadi na ɗan lokaci da ke hana ISA amfani da duka ko wasu hanyoyin, amma a watan Satumba na 1999, Kotun Koli ta ƙi yanke hukunci ko suna da doka a ƙarƙashin dokokin Isra'ila da na duniya.

A cikin 1994, Rahoton Kwanturolan Jiha (wanda aka fitar a taƙaitaccen tsari a cikin Fabrairu 2000) ya gano cewa hanyoyin tambayoyin ISA sun saba wa doka, ƙa'idodin Hukumar Landau, da ƙa'idodin cikin gida wanda sabis ɗin kansa ya tsara.

A watan Yulin shekarar 2002, ''Haaretz'' ya nakalto wani babban jami'in ISA yana cewa, tun lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke shawara, an bayyana Falasdinawa 90 a matsayin &quot;bamai masu saurin kai&quot; da kuma &quot;hanyar tambayoyi masu ban mamaki, &quot;watau azabtarwa, an yi amfani da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ha'aretz quoted a senior GSS official |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/torture/ |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran masu tambayoyin Isra'ila sun yarda cewa ISA &quot;tana amfani da duk wani magudi mai yiwuwa, har zuwa girgiza da bugawa. &quot; Yawancin bayanan daga Falasdinawa sun tabbatar da cewa azabtarwa har yanzu yana cikin tambayoyin Israʼila. 

According to a 2011 report by two Israeli human rights organisations, the Public Committee Against Torture (PCAT) and Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), Israeli doctors fail to report suspected torture and conceal related information, allowing Israeli Security Agency interrogators to use torture against Palestinian detainees.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harriet Sherwood |date=3 November 2011 |title=Israeli doctors 'failing to report torture of Palestinian detainees' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/03/israeli-doctors-report-torture-palestinian |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, wata doka ta ba da izinin tilasta ciyar da fursunoni masu fama da yunwa. Koyaya, Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Isra'ila ta bayyana dokar ba ta da kyau kuma ta bukaci likitoci da su ƙi aiwatar da ita.

==== Shirye-shiryen ilimi ====
Ana ba fursunoni damar ɗaukar darussan kan layi daga Open University of Israel, da kuma kammala digiri na ilimi. Wannan ba haƙƙin da aka ba shi ba ne amma fa'ida, dangane da halin kirki, tare da hukumomin kurkuku suna biyan kuɗin karatunsu na jami'a. Darussan suna cikin fannoni na: bil'adama, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, gudanarwa, ilimin halayyar dan adam da kimiyyar siyasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;knesset.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yaniv Ronen |date=28 November 2012 |title=לימודים אקדמיים של אסירים ביטחוניים |trans-title=Academic studies of security prisoners |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504160748/https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2015 |language=he}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar ita ce ta ba fursunoni kayan aiki don magance rayuwa a waje, don haka bayan an sake su daga kurkuku za su sami ilimi mai dacewa don taimaka musu samun aiki, da kuma hana su komawa rayuwar aikata laifuka.

==== Fursunoni na siyasa ====
A cikin shekarar 2011, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-Moon ya ce Isra'ila ta tsare dubban Palasdinawa a matsayin fursunonin siyasa, kuma ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta sake su. Ban ya ce sakin fursunonin siyasa zai &quot;yi aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar gina amincewa&quot; kuma ya bunkasa damar zaman lafiya a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 March 2011 |title=United Nations News Centre |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=37698&amp;Cr=palestin&amp;Cr1 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=UN News Service Section}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty International ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta saki fursunonin siyasa, tana mai cewa &quot;duk fursunonin siyasar da aka tsare ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba ya kamata a yi musu shari'a a shari'a ko kuma a sake su nan da nan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press Releases |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603062041/http://amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |archive-date=3 June 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

John Dugard ya kwatanta zaman kurkukun da Isra'ila ke yi wa Falasdinawa da manufofin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, yana mai cewa &quot;'Yan sandan tsaron wariyar launin fata sun aiwatar da azabtarwa sosai, haka ma jami'an tsaron Isra'ila. Akwai fursunonin siyasa da dama a tsibirin Robben amma akwai karin fursunonin siyasa na Falasdinawa a gidajen kurkukun Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=John Dugard |title=Apartheid and the occupation of Palestine |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/11/201111395153781378.html |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Tsayar da gudanarwa =====
Tsayawa na gudanarwa hanya ce da ake tsare fursunoni ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba. An ba da izinin hukunce-hukuncen ta hanyar umarnin gudanarwa daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Isra'ila ko kwamandojin soja na Isra'ila. [[Amnesty International]] ta yi imanin cewa aikin ya karya Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa wanda &quot;ya bayyana cewa babu wanda ya kamata a tsare shi da gangan kuma cewa hana 'yanci dole ne ya dogara da dalilai da hanyoyin da doka ta kafa&quot;. Amnesty International ta kuma damu da cewa fursunonin lamiri suna &quot;tsare ne kawai don yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya ba tare da tashin hankali ba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 1997 |title=Administrative detention: Despair, uncertainty and lack of due process |url=http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES\ISRAEL\OCCUPIED+TERRITORIES |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922021743/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES%5CISRAEL%5COCCUPIED%2BTERRITORIES |archive-date=22 September 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar B'Tselem a halin yanzu akwai Falasdinawa 645 da ke tsare a karkashin tsare-tsare ta Isra'ila da kuma 105 ta IDF. Yawancin ana kiyaye su a Yammacin Kogin Yamma a sansanin Soja na Ofer ko a sansanin soja na Ansar 3 / Ketziot a cikin hamadar Negev . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 July 2006 |title=Administrative Detention |url=http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824195154/http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |archive-date=24 August 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Shirye-shiryen ilimi a kurkuku don tsare-tsare =====
A shekara ta 2009, akwai fursunonin Palasdinawa 250 da ke karatu a Jami'ar Isra'ila. A watan Yunin shekarar 2011, Firayim Minista Benjamin Netanyahu ya sanar, don mayar da martani ga dakatar da tattaunawar zaman lafiya, cewa ba za a ba fursunonin Palasdinawa damar neman digiri na ilimi a kurkuku ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Barak Ravid |date=23 June 2011 |title=Netanyahu: Israel to toughen conditions of Palestinian prisoners |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/netanyahu-israel-to-toughen-conditions-of-palestinian-prisoners-1.369269 |access-date=16 May 2012 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshen shekara ta 2012, fursunoni uku sun daukaka kara ga Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya ki amincewa da roko. A cikin hukunce-hukuncen su, alƙalai sun bayyana cewa haƙƙin samun ilimi na jami'a kyauta bai shafi waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci na laifuffukan ta'addanci ba. Hukuncin, duk da haka, ya yi kira ga hukumomin kurkuku da su &quot;yi la'akari&quot; da yanke shawara game da shari'o'in fursunoni da suka riga sun kasance a tsakiyar shirye-shiryen ilimi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 December 2012 |title=Court: End of Free College for Terrorists |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/163549 |access-date=24 March 2014 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 'Yanci na magana da kafofin watsa labarai ===
[[Fayil:Israeli_Press_1949.jpg|thumb|Sashe na jaridu na Isra'ila a cikin 1949.]]
Censorship a Isra'ila ana gudanar da shi ne a hukumance ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila, wani sashi a cikin gwamnatin Isra'ila wanda aka ba shi aiki a hukumance don aiwatar da censorship na kariya game da buga bayanan da zasu iya shafar tsaro Isra'ila. Babban mai binciken Isra'ila ne ke jagorantar hukumar, jami'in soja wanda Ministan Tsaro na Isra'ila ya nada, wanda ya ba Babban mai binciken ikon hana bayanan da ya ga ya dace da kasancewa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aluf Benn |date=July–August 2001 |title=Israel: Censoring the past |url=http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619213158/http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences |publisher=University of Maryland}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=P.R. Kumaraswamy |date=September 1998 |title=India and Israel: Evolving Strategic Partnership |url=http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/publications/40pub.html |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Mideast Security and Policy Studies |publisher=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamar Shirin [[makaman nukiliya]] na Isra'ilawa da ayyukan soja na Isra'il a waje da iyakokinta. A matsakaici, labaran jarida 2240 a Isra'ila suna tantancewa ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila a kowace shekara, kusan 240 daga cikinsu a cikakke, kuma kusan 2000 a wani ɓangare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2021 |title=נתונים חדשים חושפים טפח מאחורי הקלעים של יחסי הצנזורה הצבאית והעיתונות הישראלית |url=https://www.the7eye.org.il/419412 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=העין השביעית |language=he-IL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dole ne a gabatar da labarai game da batutuwan da za su iya kawo rigima ga Mai binciken Sojojin Isra'ila a gaba; rashin yin hakan na iya sa mai ba da rahoto ya rasa damarsa na aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Isra'ila  kuma, game da manema labarai na ƙasashen waje, a hana shi daga ƙasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;BBCsorry&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2005 |title=BBC says sorry to Israel |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/mar/12/israel.broadcasting |website=the Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Matar |first=Haggai |date=2020-03-09 |title=IDF censor redacted two thousand news items in 2019 |url=https://www.972mag.com/idf-censor-israeli-media-2019/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=+972 Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=IDF Military Censor banned nearly 300 articles last year |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/idf-military-censor-banned-nearly-300-articles-last-year-562318 |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila, &quot;doka ta tanadi 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da 'yan jarida, kuma gaba daya gwamnati na mutunta wadannan hakkoki a aikace idan aka yi la'akari da takunkumin da ya shafi tsaro.&quot; Dokar ta tanadi 'yancin yin taro da ƙungiyoyi, kuma gabaɗaya gwamnati na mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a aikace.

Wasu jami'an gwamnati da wasu na sukar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da Isra'ila ke da shi a lokacin da suke gudun hijira daga [[zirin Gaza]] da yammacin kogin Jordan. Wannan ya haifar da sukar da ake cewa &quot;Hukumomi sun dauki matakan da ba su dace ba, tare da cin zarafin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da zanga-zangar siyasa ba tare da wani dalili ba.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;acri&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=ACRI Report Slashes Civil Rights Abuses and Privatization |url=http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060622145646/http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-date=22 June 2006 |access-date=28 July 2006 |website=Annual Report on Israel |publisher=The Association for Civil Rights in Israel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Isra'ila, manufofin gwamnatinta suna fuskantar zargi daga manema labarai da kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban na siyasa, haƙƙin ɗan adam da masu sa ido,   wadanda suka hada da Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI), B'Tselem, Machsom Watch, Mata a cikin Baƙar fata da Mata don Isra'ila Gobe. A cewar kungiyar 'yancin' yan jarida Reporters Without Borders, &quot;Kafofin yada labarai na Isra'ila sun sake kasancewa a cikin shekarar 2005 wadanda kawai ke da' yancin gaske don yin magana. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Israel – Annual report 2006 |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181318/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=12 August 2006 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, a cikin 2010, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da ke aiki a Isra'ila suka koka game da mummunan yanayi a kasar, kuma sun ce suna fuskantar hari saboda sukar manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyoyin sun ce wasu shugabannin Isra'ila suna ganin zargi da kare hakkin dan adam a matsayin barazana ga halattacciyar Isra'ila, musamman bayan Zargin laifukan yaki da sojojin Isra'ila game da Yakin Gaza (2008-09). 

A shekara ta 2009, Isra'ila ta kasance ta 93 a cikin Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index, daga shekarar da ta gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Reporters Without Borders – Press Freedom Index 2009 |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2013, Isra'ila ta sauka zuwa 112 daga cikin kasashe 179 a cikin Freedom Index na jarida. 'Yan jarida ba tare da iyaka ba sun bayyana cewa canjin ya faru ne saboda ayyukan Isra'ila a cikin Operation Pillar of Defense lokacin da ta ce &quot;Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila da gangan sun kai hari kan' yan jarida da gine-gine inda kafofin watsa labarai da ke da alaƙa da Hamas ke da mahalli&quot;. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta soki kama 'yan jarida na Palasdinawa da kuma tantancewar soja. Freedom House ta sanya Isra'ila a matsayin mai yanayin kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Sashi na 'yanci&quot; a cikin shekara ta 2009. A baya, Isra'ila ita ce kadai kasar da ke cikin yankin da ke da kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Free&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Press Freedom Rankings by Region 2009 |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&amp;year=2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) A cikin shekarar 2023, Isra'ila da kanta, ba tare da haɗa Gaza Strip ko Gabashin Urushalima ba, an jera su a matsayin &quot;Free&quot;,  yayin da Gaza Strip da West Bank suka kasance &quot;Ba Free ba&quot;.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israel: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/israel/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gaza Strip: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/gaza-strip/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=West Bank: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/west-bank/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2003, hukumar fim din Isra'ila ta haramta nuna fim din kasuwanci game da [[Jenin]]_(2002)&quot; id=&quot;mwAxM&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Battle of Jenin (2002)&quot;&gt;Yaƙin Jenin na 2002.  Fim din, ''Jenin, Jenin'' ne, tarin ganawa ne da mazaunan sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Jenin da aka yi fim a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2002, mako guda bayan yakin. Mohammad Bakri, Larabawa na Isra'ila, ya jagoranci fim din. An dakatar da fim din ne saboda zargin da ake yi na [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]] da Sojojin Isra'ila suka aikata, wanda hukumar ta yi la'akari da karya da cutar da iyalan sojoji. Bayan shari'ar shari'a, an shigar da takarda a Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya soke shawarar hukumar, kuma ya ba da izinin nuna fim din a cikin fina-finai &quot;don jama'a su yanke shawara&quot;, yayin da yake lura cewa fim din &quot;cike da ƙarya&quot;, ba fim ba ne, kuma an yi shi &quot;ba tare da bangaskiya ba&quot;, ta hanyar ƙarya yana nuna sojojin Isra'ila a matsayin &quot;mafi munin masu aikata laifuka&quot;.

A watan Janairun 2011, majalisar dokokin Isra'ila ta amince da wani kuduri na hannun dama na binciken wasu sanannun kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na Isra'ila saboda &quot;lalata&quot; sojojinta. Binciken zai haifar da bincike kan tallafin kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da dama wadanda suka soki manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila ta bayyana matakin a matsayin &quot;mummunan rauni&quot; ga demokradiyyar Isra'ila, kuma masu sukar manufofin sun yi wa manufar &quot;McCarthyist&quot;.

A cikin shekara ta 2015, Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta amince da manyan tanadi na dokar da ke haifar da sakamako ga waɗanda ke kira ga kauracewa Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye. Hukuncin ya haifar da muhawara, tare da wasu nuna rashin amincewa da shi yana kawo karshen 'yancin magana yayin da wasu ke cewa yana tabbatar da matsayin Isra'ila kan &quot;tsarin lalacewar BDS&quot; (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement). Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila sun yi korafi game da dokar, suna mai cewa ta keta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Magoya bayan dokar sun ce ta haramta &quot; nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin ƙasa&quot;.  &quot;Don cire kiran kauracewa daga rukunin 'yancin magana ba daidai ba ne&quot;, in ji Rabbi David Rosenn, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na New Israel Fund (NIF). &quot;Babu wani bangare na daban don magana wanda ke siyasa. Magana mafi mahimmanci shine siyasa, kuma ya kamata mutane su sami damar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ba tare da tsoron takunkumin gwamnati ba. &quot;

Dokar ta ba 'yan sanda damar iyakance tunzura ga tashin hankali ko kalaman ƙiyayya kuma ta haramta kiran mutane &quot;Nazis&quot; ko &quot;fascists&quot;. Dokar Rigakafin Ta'addanci ta hana bayyana goyon bayan kungiyar da ake ganin ta sabawa doka ko ta'addanci.

On 24 November 2024, Israel's government ordered a boycott of the newspaper ''Haaretz'' by government officials and anyone working for a government-funded body, and banned government advertising with the newspaper. According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''Haaretz'' &quot;had published a series of investigations of wrongdoing or abuses by senior officials and the armed forces, and has long been in the crosshairs of the current government.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2023, wani rahoto daga Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya nuna cewa Isra'ila ta kasance ta shida mafi girma a duniya don kama' yan jarida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israeli arrests of Palestinian journalists soared in 2023: CPJ |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/18/israeli-arrests-of-palestinian-journalists-soared-in-2023-cpj |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin Yaƙin Gaza, Falasdinawa sun bayyana cin zarafin soja a kan sakonnin kafofin sada zumunta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Molana-Allen |first=Leila |title=Palestinians describe harassment from Israeli forces over social media posts during war |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/palestinians-describe-harassment-from-israeli-forces-over-social-media-posts-during-war |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2024, Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya sanya Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasa ta biyu mafi muni a duniya don ba da damar masu kisan 'yan jarida su tafi ba tare da hukunta su ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Liam |title=Haiti, Israel ranked worst for securing justice in journalist killings |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/haiti-israel-ranked-worst-for-securing-justice-in-journalist-killings/7845113.html |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Voice of America}}&lt;/ref&gt;

; 'Yan Jarida Ba tare da iyakoki ba

Kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta fitar da rahoto na shekara-shekara kan 'yancin 'yan jarida a duniya, mai suna Index na 'Yancin Jarida. An fara buga irin wannan na farko a shekara ta 2002. Sakamakon da Isra'ila da Hukumar Falasdinawa ta samu daga 2002 zuwa yau an nuna su a ƙasa, tare da ƙananan lambobi suna nuna kyakkyawar kulawa ga 'yan jarida:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:1em auto;&quot;
!Shekara
!Isra'ila (Yankin Isra'ila) 
!Isra'ila (na waje) 
!Hukumomin Palasdinawa
!Mafi munin Shekara
!Rahoton URL
|-
|2002
|92
|Ba a bayyana ba
|82
|139
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213848/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|44
|146
|130
|166
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213853/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
|36
|115
|127
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220042227/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |archive-date=20 December 2008 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|47
|Ba a bayyana ba
|132
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429110315/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |archive-date=29 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|50
|135
|134
|168
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604161952/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |archive-date=4 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|44
|103
|158
|169
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421060910/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |archive-date=21 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|46
|149
|163
|173
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607100340/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |archive-date=7 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|93
|150
|161
|175
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Hakkin sirri ==
A cewar wani rahoto na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra'ila, &quot;[l] aws da ka'idoji sun tanadi kariya ga sirrin mutum da na gida. A cikin shari'o'in laifuka doka ta ba da izinin sauraron waya a karkashin umarnin kotu; a lokuta na tsaro dole ne ma'aikatar tsaro ta ba da oda.&quot;

== 'Yancin mata ==
Aure da saki suna karkashin ikon kotuna na addini ne, wanda a aikace yake haifar da tsangwama ga mata a cikin wadannan bangarori na shari'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta zartar da dokar da ta ba da kariya ga mata daga tashin hankalin gida. A shekarar 2022, mata 24 abokan aikinsu ko wasu ‘yan uwansu ne a cewar ‘yan sandan Isra’ila, inda aka ce an kashe mata 69 a Isra’ila a tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa watan Agusta shekarar 2022. 40 daga cikin wadannan matan Palasdinawa ne, fiye da rabin wadannan shari’o’in ‘yan sanda ba su warware ba. Akasin haka, an warware shari’ar kowacce daga cikin kisan gilla 29 na matan Yahudawa da Isra’ilawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci ga mata.

Mata a Isra'ila ba koyaushe aka tabbatar da daidaiton jinsi a bayyane ba. Kodayake sanarwar 'yancin kai ta Isra'ila ta bayyana cewa &quot;Jam'iyyar Isra'ila [...] za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na' yancin zamantakewa da siyasa ga dukkan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini ba, launin fata ko jima'i,&quot; wannan ji ba a ba da ikon tsarin mulki ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1948 |title=The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel |url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/general/declaration-of-establishment-state-of-israel |access-date=January 29, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, kotunan Isra'ila, a tsawon lokaci, sun bayyana cewa daidaito tsakanin jinsi shine &quot;ka'idar tsarin shari'a&quot; a Isra'ila، kuma mata sun ga mafi yawan shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a ta Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2021 |title=Equality, Religion and Gender in Israel |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/equality-religion-and-gender-in-israel |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 July 2021 |title=Israel Women's Network |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/israel-womens-network |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1969, Isra'ila ta zabi Golda Meir a matsayin firaminista kuma ta zama kasa ta hudu da mace ke rike da irin wannan mukami. A shekara ta 2010, wakilan majalisar mata a Isra'ila ya kai kashi 18 cikin 100, wanda ya zarce na kasashen Larabawa da kashi 6 cikin 100, daidai da na majalisar dokokin Amurka, kuma ya yi kasa da matsakaicin kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasashen Scandinavia.

Majalisar dokokin Isra'ila, The Knesset, ta kafa kwamitin kula da matsayin mata don magance 'yancin mata. Makasudin da aka bayyana na wannan kwamiti shine hana wariya, yaki da cin zarafin mata, da inganta daidaito a harkokin siyasa, abubuwan rayuwa da ilimi. A cikin 1998, Knesset ta zartar da wata doka don &quot;Rigaka da Cin Duri da Jima'i&quot;.

Wani rahoto na shekarar 2009 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ya ambaci matsalolin auren jama'a, agunot ('mata masu sarka) ba za su iya saki ba tare da izinin miji ba), da kuma hidimar addu'o'in jinsin jinsi a bangon Yamma.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Ana haɓaka haƙƙoƙin mata ta hanyar &quot;Kawo Mata A Gaba: Haɗin Kan Mata&quot;, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar Asusun Haɗin gwiwar Mata na Yahudawa. Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda bakwai a Isra'ila sune Cibiyar Adva, Ruhun Mata, Itach-Maaki: Lauyoyin Mata don Adalci na zamantakewa, Cibiyar Mahut, Cibiyar Mata ta Isra'ila (IWN), Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki ga Mata (EEW) da Achoti ('yar'uwa) ga Mata a Isra'ila.

=== Mata Larabawa a Isra'ila ===
Matan Larabawa-Isra'ila suna shiga cikin harkokin gwamnati da na jama'a. Hussniya Jabara ita ce mace Balarabiya ta farko da ta fara aiki a majalisar Knesset. Dangane da sashe na 15 na Ma'aikatar Jama'a [waɗanda] mata da Larabawa-Isra'ilawa suna da haƙƙin tabbatar da aiki a aikin ma'aikacin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=העדפה מתקנת בעבודה ובשירות הציבורי |url=http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201010211/http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |archive-date=1 February 2013 |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Moital.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ayyuka masu kyau ===
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan mata na Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Hakkin LGBT ==
Hakkin 'Yan tsiraru na jima'i a Isra'ila ana ɗaukar su mafi haƙuri a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=LGBT+ rights and issues in the Middle East |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9457/CBP-9457.pdf |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=Commons Library Research Briefing, 9 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake Isra'ila ba ta halatta auren jinsi ɗaya ba, auren jinsi ɗaya da ke aiki a ƙasashen waje an amince da shi bisa doka a Isra'ila. Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin 'yancin jama'a ga yawan masu luwadi, gami da' yancin tallafi da amfanin abokin tarayya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Walzer |first=Lee |date=21 February 2002 |title=Queer in the Land of Sodom |url=http://www.thegully.com/essays/gaymundo/020220_gay_israel_history.html |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=The Gully}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isra'ila kuma ta ba da matsayin aure na doka ga ma'aurata na cikin gida na jinsi ɗaya. Dokar sodomy da aka gada daga Mandate na Burtaniya na Falasdinu an soke ta a shekarar 1988, kodayake akwai umarni mai bayyanawa da Babban Lauyan Isra'ila ya bayar a shekarar 1953 wanda ya umarci 'yan sanda da su guji aiwatar da wannan dokar, muddin babu wasu laifuka da suka shafi. Dokar kare hakkin ɗan luwaɗi ta ƙasa ta haramta wasu nuna bambanci ga 'yan luwadi, gami da aiki; ana yin wasu keɓancewa ga ƙungiyoyin addini. A baya, aikin soja na masu luwadi yana ƙarƙashin wasu ƙuntatawa. An ɗaga waɗannan ƙuntatawa a cikin 1993, suna ba da damar masu luwadi su yi aiki a bayyane a duk sassan sojoji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Homosexual rights around the world |url=http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210062004/http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |archive-date=10 December 2005 |access-date=20 November 2011 |website=Gay Rights Info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Maris 2014, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da umarni da ke nuna cewa an haɗa aikin tiyatar jima'i a cikin tallafin kiwon lafiya da aka ba wa 'yan ƙasa. Duk da haka, a cikin watan Mayu Haaretz ya ruwaito cewa wata kungiyar kula da lafiya ta ki biyan kudin tiyatar canjin jima'i guda biyu, wanda ya haifar da kashe kudade masu yawa daga marasa lafiya. Wata rundunar LGBTI ta kasa ta gano cewa kashi 80 cikin 100 na masu canza jinsi, kashi 50 na 'yan madigo da kashi 20 cikin 100 na mazan luwadi ana nuna musu wariya yayin neman aikin yi.

== Hakkin ƙasa ==
Asusun yahudawa (JNF) yana iko da kashi 13% na ƙasar Isra'ila; wannan ƙasa an keɓe ta ne don amfanin Yahudawan Isra'ila keɓanta. Kasa da kashi 4% na ƙasar Isra'ila mallakar ƴan ƙasar Larabawa ne, duk da Larabawa da ke da kashi 20% na al'ummar ƙasar. An ɗauka gabaɗaya, kashi 93% na ƙasar a Isra'ila ana iko da ko dai ƙasar Isra'ila ko JNF; Ana kiran waɗannan ƙasashe a hukumance da &quot;ƙasashen Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Canje-canjen kwanan nan (wanda aka yi a cikin 2010) zuwa Dokar Kasa (Samun don Manufofin Jama'a) (1943), yana nufin tabbatar da ikon mallakar ƙasa na ƙasar da aka kwace daga Falasɗinawa (daga 1948 zuwa gaba) ta hanyar toshe iƙirarin Falasɗinawa na mallakar ƙasar da aka kwace a ƙarƙashin wannan doka, ko da a wuraren da ba a taɓa amfani da ita don dalilai na jama'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Cibiyar shari'ar Isra'ila Adalah ta bayar da rahoton cewa, &quot;A zahiri, an toshe Falasdinawa 'yan Isra'ila daga siye ko ba da hayar filaye a kusan kashi 80% na ƙasar Isra'ila bisa tushen ƙasarsu.&quot; Sakamakon, a cewarsu, shine &quot;mafi yawancin filayen gwamnati sun ƙunshi keɓaɓɓu, yankunan Yahudawa kaɗai.&quot; Adalah ya bayyana manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da ake aiwatar da keɓancewa daga mallakar filaye da amfani da su; ta hanyar abin da ake kira &quot;kwamitocin shiga&quot; da kuma ta hanyar abin da Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin manufofin nuna wariya na hukumomin jihohi da JNF.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Waɗannan kwamitocin shigar sun duba masu neman rukunin gidaje a garuruwan noma da al'umma a Isra'ila kuma sun haɗa da wani babban jami'i daga Ƙungiyar Sahayoniya ta Duniya ko Hukumar Yahudawa. Kusan garuruwa 700 a cikin Isra'ila (wanda ke lissafin kusan kashi 70% na duk garuruwan Isra'ila) suna da alaƙa da kwamitocin shiga. Sharuɗɗan da waɗannan kwamitocin suka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da ka'idojin dacewa, wanda Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin sabani da rashin gaskiya. Adalah ta ruwaito cewa ana tace Larabawa da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Isra'ila ta hanyar amfani da wannan ka'idojin dacewa. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Yahudawan Mizrahi da ƴan luwaɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, garuruwa da yawa a Isra'ila sun amince da dokoki da ke jaddada halayensu na Yahudawa, suna ƙayyade shigarwa cikin al'umma akan &quot;aminci ga hangen nesa na Zionist&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Nuna wariya ƙasar manufofin ne zuwa babban har kore da manufofin na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar ƙasar Isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin 1949 da 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF wakilan (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan ƙasar Isra'ila da ake kira manufofin ƙasa a cikin jihar 3. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan manufofin ya hana JNF ƙasar da za a ba wa waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

== Ƙananan kabilanci, dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci da shige da fice ==
Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu da Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan bambancin launin fata.

Nuna wariya ronu ne zuwa babban kore da tsofo na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da shekarar 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF rufi (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan Isra'ila a cikin iska daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin Isra'ila. hana JNF hadarin da za a ba wa koyarwa ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2009 |title=Gender and employment [Areas of work&amp;#93; |url=http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427190455/http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |archive-date=27 April 2009 |access-date=2010-07-22 |publisher=Ilo.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba ma'aikatan Larabawa a Ma'aikatu daban-daban &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Ma'aikatar
!% Ma'aikatan Larabawa 
|-
|Lafiya
|7.2
|-
|Ilimi
|6.2
|-
|Adalci
|3.9
|-
|Masana'antu, Ciniki da Aiki
|3.4
|-
|Sufuri
|2.3
|-
|Gidaje
|1.3
|-
|Kudi
|1.2
|}
Duk da Dokar Aiki (1998), kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah ta ba da rahoton cewa 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila suna fuskantar nuna bambanci a cikin damar aiki, albashi da yanayi. Adalah ta kuma ba da rahoton cewa jihar Isra'ila kanta (mafi girman ma'aikaci a Isra'ila) ba ta aiwatar da wannan dokar ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Misali, 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila da ke aiki a matsayin masu kwangila a cikin gyare-gyare a cibiyoyin ilimi na Isra'ilawa suna ƙarƙashin iyakancewa wanda Yahudawa Isra'ilawa ba sa ƙarƙashin su. Wannan ya haɗa da buƙatar dan kwangila ya hayar mai tsaro mai dauke da makami a wurin aiki a kan kuɗin kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khromchenko |first=Yulie |date=Mar 28, 2005 |title=Adalah Accuses Education Min. of Employment Discrimination |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240112202842/https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |access-date=12 Jan 2024 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila waɗanda mata ne, nakasassu, ko asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka suna da damar yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan Isra'ila na asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka, ko kuma masu nakasa, suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau game da shigar jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Council for Higher Education |url=http://che.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A1-1-%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%93.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=Che.org.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ייצוג הולם בשירות המדינה |url=http://www.csc.gov.il/DataBases/NewsLetters/NL19/Pages/AdequateRepresentation.aspx |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haramcin Wariya a Samfura, Sabis da Shiga Wuraren Nishaɗi da Wuraren Jama'a Dokar ta hana waɗanda ke gudanar da wuraren jama'a, ko ba da sabis ko samfura, don nuna bambanci saboda launin fata, addini, ƙasa, da ƙasar asali, da sauran dalilai. Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2010 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama ga Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye, dokokin Isra'ila sun hana nuna bambanci a kan launin fata, kuma gwamnati ta aiwatar da wadannan haramcin yadda ya kamata.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2010 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413173255/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |archive-date=13 April 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015 |publisher=US Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba Ayyuka ta Sashen da Kabilanci (2008) &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Aiki
!Ma'aikatan Larabawa (%) 
!Ma'aikatan Yahudawa (%) 
|-
|Gine-gine (maza) 
|28.4
|5.4
|-
|Ma'aikata marasa ƙwarewa
|14.6
|6.4
|-
|Ayyukan kasuwanci
|5.6
|14.3
|-
|Matsayi na gudanarwa
|2.3
|7.3
|-
|Bankin, inshora, da kudi
|0.8
|4.3
|}

=== 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila ===
Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta B'Tselem ta yi iƙirarin cewa an hana Larabawa a Urushalima haƙƙin zama, wanda ya haifar da karancin gidaje a yankunan Larabawa na Urushalima.

Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ta tuhumi cewa rage tallafin tsofaffi da kuma alawus-alawus na yara bisa aikin soji na iyaye na nuna wariya ga yaran Larabawa: &quot;Raguwar za ta kuma shafi 'ya'yan iyayen Yahudawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wadanda ba sa aikin soja, amma sun cancanci karin tallafin, gami da karin ilimi, wanda ba a samu ga yaran Larabawa na Falasdinu ba.&quot;

A cewar rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam ga Isra'ila da Yankunan da aka mamaye, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta yi &quot;ƙananan don rage nuna bambanci na hukuma, shari'a, da al'umma ga' yan ƙasar Larabawa&quot;.  Rahotanni na shekaru masu zuwa sun kuma gano nuna bambanci ga' yan asalin Larabawa a matsayin matsala ga Isra'ilawa, amma ba ta sake maimaita da'ila ta ba don rage nuna rashin nuna bambanci ba. 

Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam  ya lura cewa:

* Asusun Ƙasar Yahudawa (JNF) yana sarrafa kashi 12.5 cikin 100 na ƙasar jama'a amma dokokinta sun hana siyarwa ko hayar ƙasa ga waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba. A watan Oktoba, kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama sun shigar da kara ga Babban Kotun Shari'a suna da'awar cewa sanarwar da Gwamnatin Ƙasar Isra'ila (ILA) ta yi game da ƙasar JNF ta nuna bambanci saboda ta haramta Larabawa daga yin tayin. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2005, babban lauya ya yanke hukuncin cewa &quot;gwamnati ba za ta iya nuna bambanci ga Larabawa na Isra'ila a cikin tallace-tallace da rarraba ƙasashen da take sarrafawa ba, gami da na JNF.
* Kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na Isra'ila da Larabawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnati ta fi ƙuntatawa wajen bayar da izinin gini ga al'ummomin Larabawa da ƙalubalanci manufofin rushe gine-gine ba bisa ka'ida ba a bangaren Larabawa, yana iyakance ci gaban al'umma.
* &quot;A watan Yuni, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukuncin cewa barin garuruwan Larabawa daga wasu tsare-tsare na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na gwamnati na nuna wariya.
* An ƙalubalanci Tsarin Jagora na 1996 na Arewacin Isra'ila a matsayin wariya. Abubuwan da suka fi ba da fifiko sun haɗa da &quot;ƙara yawan Yahudawa na Galili da kuma toshe yanki na garuruwan Larabawa.&quot;
* Keɓe daga aikin soja na wajibi, yawancin Larabawa Isra'ila don haka ba su da damar samun dama fiye da sauran 'yan ƙasa zuwa fa'idodin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin wanda aikin soja ya zama buƙatu ko fa'ida, kamar gidaje, tallafin sabbin gidaje, da aikin yi, musamman aikin masana'antu na gwamnati ko na tsaro. Kwamitin Ivri kan yi wa kasa hidima ya ba da shawarwari a hukumance ga gwamnati cewa a ba wa Larabawa Isra'ila damar yin hidimar kasa.
* &quot;A bisa wani bincike da jami'ar Haifa ta gudanar a shekara ta 2003, akwai wani hali na sanya wa 'yan kasar Larabawa hukuncin dauri fiye da na Yahudawa. Masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama sun yi ikirarin cewa 'yan kasashen Larabawa sun fi fuskantar hukuncin kisa da kuma hana a bayar da belinsu.&quot;
* Rahoton hukumar Or Commission kan kisan ‘yan sanda na masu zanga-zangar Isra’ila da Larabawa ya gano cewa “sakamakon sakaci da wariya” gwamnati na tafiyar da bangaren Larabawa, tare da rabo ko albarkatun da bai dace ba wanda ke haifar da “mummunan wahala” daga al’umma. Abubuwan da ke nuna damuwa sun haɗa da talauci, rashin aikin yi, ƙarancin ƙasa, matsalolin ilimi, da nakasa abubuwan more rayuwa.

Rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila ya rubuta cewa: &quot;Gwamnati gaba daya tana mutunta hakkin 'yan kasarta; duk da haka, an sami matsaloli a wasu bangarori, ciki har da ... nuna wariya na hukumomi, shari'a, da kuma al'umma ga al'ummar Larabawa na kasar.&quot;

A cikin wani rahoto da ya mika wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bedouin ya yi ikirarin cewa suna fuskantar wariya kuma ba a daukarsu a matsayin 'yan kasa daidai a Isra'ila kuma ba a ba wa garuruwan Badouin hidima iri daya ba ko kuma filayen garuruwan Yahudawa masu girman gaske, kuma ba a ba su damar samun ruwa mai kyau. Birnin Be'er Sheva ya ki amincewa da wani wuri mai tsarki na Bedouin, duk da shawarar da Babbar Kotun ta bayar.

''Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2007 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam''  ya lura cewa:

* &quot;A cewar wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005 a Jami'ar Ibraniyawa, an kashe kuɗi sau uku a cikin ilimin yara Yahudawa kamar yadda yara Larabawa.&quot;

A watan Satumbar shekarar 2010, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta amince da gyare-gyare ga dokokin zama ɗan ƙasa na ƙasar. Shirin dokar ya tilasta wa duk wanda ke neman zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ya yi rantsuwa da &quot;Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasar Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot;. Larabawa na Isra'ila da kuma ƙungiyoyin hagu na Isra'ilawa ciki har da shugaban jam'iyyar adawa ta Kadima Tzipi Livni sun soki gyaran sosai. Masanin ilimin halayyar ilimi na Isra'ila Farfesa Gavriel Solomon ya ce rantsuwar aminci ta yi kama da Dokokin Nuremberg . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 October 2010 |title=Israeli academic: Loyalty oath resembles racist laws of 1935 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/israeli-academic-loyalty-oath-resembles-racist-laws-of-1935-1.318275 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magoya bayan gyaran sun bayyana cewa wadanda ba Yahudawa ba ne wadanda suka zama 'yan ƙasa suna buƙatar fahimtar cewa &quot;Jihar Isra'ila ita ce furcin kasa na ƙaddamar da kai na mutanen Yahudawa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2012 |title=Identifying with Israel's national character |url=http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-EdContributors/Article.aspx?id=190897 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isra'ila ta haramta 'yan ƙasa daga ziyartar ƙasashen abokan gaba ba tare da izini ba, ƙuntataccen tafiye-tafiye wanda, a cikin shekarar 2015, ya haɗa da Siriya, Iraki, Iran, Lebanon, Yemen, da Saudi Arabia. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah ta yi iƙirarin cewa wannan yana nuna bambanci ga 'yan asalin Larabawa da Isra'ila, kuma hukumomi ba su tsare Yahudawa ba bayan dawowa daga tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashe marasa izini kamar yadda suka yi da Larabawa Isra'ilawa. Har ila yau, an soki Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Isra'ila saboda nuna bambancin launin fata na 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah tana riƙe da jerin dokoki sama da 50 da take da'awar nuna bambanci ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. A cikin shekara ta 2015, an yi la'akari da launin fata na 'yan asalin Larabawa ta hanyar jami'an tsaro da sauran' yan ƙasa, da kuma hare-haren fansa a kan Larabawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2016&quot; /&gt;

Since the outbreak of the Gaza war, Israel has carried out mass arrests and detentions of Palestinians and Arab Israelis, with thousands arrested or detained in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories. On 5 November 2023, [[CNN]] reported that &quot;dozens&quot; of Palestinian residents and Arab citizens of Israel were arrested in Israel for expressions of solidarity with the civilian population of Gaza, sharing [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Quran]] verses, or expressing &quot;any support for the Palestinian people&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kottasová |first=Ivana |last2=Saifi |first2=Zeena |date=2023-11-05 |title='The reaction is extreme': Palestinians fear arrest if they voice sympathy for Gaza civilians |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/05/middleeast/palestinians-israel-fear-arrest-gaza-intl-cmd/index.html |website=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Haaretz'' described the widespread targeting of Arab Israelis by Israeli security forces. Referring to &quot;hundreds&quot; of interrogations, ''El País'' reported on 11 November that Israel increasingly treats its Arab minority as a &quot;potential fifth column&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pita |first=Antonio |date=2023-11-11 |title=Israel aumenta el cerco a su minoría árabe |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2023-11-11/israel-aumenta-el-cerco-a-su-minoria-arabe.html |website=El País |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ayyuka masu kyau ====
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau a cikin buƙatun shiga jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;/&gt;

=== Baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba da masu neman mafaka ===
Isra'ila jam'iyya ce ta jihar da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin [[Sudan]]_refugees_in_Israel&quot; id=&quot;mwBWo&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Sudanese refugees in Israel&quot;&gt;'yan gudun hijira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 April 2011 |title=Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b73b0d63.pdf |access-date=5 December 2012 |publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila suna la'akari da tsarin mafaka na Isra'ilawa da rashin adalci, kuma yawan amincewa da 'yan gudun hijira ya fi ƙasa da kashi 1%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Until our hearts are completely hardened, Report on asylum procedures in Israel, Hotline for Migrant Workers, April 2012 |url=http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018173547/http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga shekara ta 2003, kimanin baƙi 70,000 ba bisa ka'ida ba daga kasashe daban-daban na Afirka sun haye zuwa Isra'ila. Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 600 daga yankin Darfur na Sudan an ba su matsayin mazauna wucin gadi don sabuntawa kowace shekara, kodayake ba matsayin' yan gudun hijira na hukuma ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ACRI.org.il |url=http://www.acri.org.il/pdf/refugees0209en.pdf |access-date=25 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba da wasu 'yan gudun hijira 2,000 daga rikici tsakanin [[Eritrea]] da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] matsayin mazaunin wucin gadi a kan dalilai na jin kai, kodayake Isra'ila ta fi son kada ta gane su a matsayin' yan gudun hijira.

A cikin wani labari na shekarar 2012, ''Reuters'' ta ruwaito, &quot;Isra'ila na iya ɗaure baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba har zuwa shekaru uku a ƙarƙashin dokar da aka fara aiki a ranar Lahadi, wani jami'in Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ce, wani mataki da aka yi niyyar hana kwararar 'yan Afirka da ke shiga Isra'ila a kan iyakar hamada da Masar.  Ministan cikin gida Eli Yishai ya ce, &quot;Me ya sa muka yi rashin lafiya da zukata masu zubar da jini, gami da 'yan siyasa. Ayyuka za su zama mafi yawa a nan za su sa su zama jarirai, kuma wannan tayin ya sa Sudan ya fice su gudu zuwa duniya, kuma ya sa su zama mafi yawanci, kuma ya zama' yan gudun hijira za su gudu, kuma ya haifar da yawa, kuma ya fice ga Yesu Yesu ya sa suka fice, kuma ya fito da yawa, za su zama' yan kasa, kuma ya sami mafaka za su zama 'yan gudun hijira' yan gudunya suka ficececece' yan gudun

A karkashin Dokar Rigakafin Kutse ta 2014, duk masu ketare kan iyaka da ba bisa ka'ida ba an ayyana su a matsayin &quot;masu kutse&quot; kuma ana iya tsare su a gidan yarin Saharonim na tsawon watanni uku &quot;domin tantancewa&quot; sannan kuma watanni 12 a wurin Holhot mai nisa. Kamfanin dillancin labaran iqna ya habarta cewa, ya nakalto daga shafin sadarwa na yanar gizo na Hotline na ‘yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure cewa hukumomi sun mayar da fiye da rabin mutanen da ake tsare da su na Holot zuwa Saharonim har na tsawon watanni da dama saboda wasu laifukan da suka saba wa doka. A wasu jerin hukunce-hukuncen da kotun kolin ta yanke, ta yi watsi da cewa za a iya tsare bakin haure har abada, ta kuma ba da umarnin sakin bakin haure 1,178 'yan kasashen Eritrea da Sudan da ake tsare da su sama da shekara guda ba tare da tuhume su ba. Gwamnati ta hana wadannan masu neman mafaka daga Tel Aviv ko Eilat, inda za su kasance suna da al'ummomin tallafi da kuma samun damar yin ayyukan jin kai.

Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, tun daga shekarar 2011 yanayin 'yan gudun hijira a Isra'ila ya tabarbare &quot;saboda amincewa da manufofi da dokoki da nufin dakile masu neman mafaka a nan gaba ta hanyar yin wahala ga wadanda ke cikin kasar. Wadannan ayyuka sun kara tauye 'yancin jama'a da kuma karfafa barin kasar.&quot; Gwamnati za ta yi wahala a nemi izinin zama ɗan gudun hijira yayin da ake tsare da ita na tsawon shekara guda, kuma da zarar an sake shi za ta buƙaci masu neman su ba da hujjar rashin neman izini tun da farko. Ana kiran masu neman mafaka &quot;masu kutse&quot; ta gwamnati da kafafen yada labarai, wadanda ke danganta su da karuwar laifuka, cututtuka, da zaman banza.

=== 'Yan Afirka na Isra'ila ===
A cewar BBC, Yahudawa na Habasha da ke zaune a Isra'ila sun daɗe suna gunaguni game da nuna bambanci. Sun gudanar da tarurruka bayan yarjejeniyar da masu mallakar gidaje a kudancin Isra'ila suka yi don kada su hayar ko sayar da dukiyarsu ga Yahudawa na asalin Habasha. Al'ummar Yahudawa na Habasha sun shiga cikin zanga-zangar bayan bidiyon da ya fito wanda ya nuna 'yan sanda biyu suna doke soja na Habasha da Isra'ila, Demas Fekadeh . &lt;ref name=&quot;clash&quot; /&gt; Duk da yake zanga-zangar da dubban masu zanga-zambe suka yi da farko ba ta da tashin hankali, rikice-rikice da 'yan sanda sun ci gaba. ACRI ta yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan sanda sun kasa gargadi masu zanga-zangar kafin yin amfani da matakan watsa jama'a, kuma amfani da su bai karu a hankali ba. Gwamnati ta sauke tuhumar da aka yi wa Fekadeh, ta kammala cewa bai fara rikici da ya haifar da duka ba.

== Ilimi ==
[[Fayil:GalilSchoolSign.jpg|thumb|Alama a gaban Makarantar Galil, makarantar firamare ta [[Larabawa]] da Yahudawa a Isra'ila.]]
Dokar Ƴancin Dalibai ta Isra'ila ta shekarar 2000 ta haramta nuna bambanci ga dalibai saboda dalilai na ɗarika a shigarwa ko fitarwa daga cibiyar ilimi, a cikin kafa tsarin karatun daban-daban ko gudanar da azuzuwan daban-daban a cikin wannan cibiyar ilimi guda, da kuma haƙƙoƙi da wajibai na ɗalibai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=חוק זכויות התלמיד באנגלית – Pupils' Rights Law |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/Zchuyot/ChukimVeamanot/Chukim/PupilsRightsLaw |access-date=16 May 2010 |publisher=Cms.education.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta aiwatar da wannan dokar, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar daga iyalan Orthodox waɗanda suka ki tura yaransu zuwa makarantu masu haɗin kai.
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

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An bayyana Isra'ila a cikin Sanarwar cewa 'yancin kai a matsayin &quot;jaha ta Yahudawa&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Avalon Project : Declaration of Israel's Independence 1948 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Avalon.law.yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; - an karɓi ma'anar doka &quot;Jiha ta Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot; a shekara ta 1985. Baya ga yawancin Yahudawa a yankin ban da [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Yankunan Palasdinawa]] da aka mamaye, Isra'ila gida ce ga 'yan tsiraru na addini da kabilanci, wasu daga cikinsu suna ba da rahoton nuna bambanci. A cikin yankunan Palasdinawa, Gwamnatocin Isra'ila da suka biyo baya sun fuskanci zargi na kasa da kasa daga wasu ƙasashe da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da na cikin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=Israel's apartheid against Palestinians |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Amnesty International]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shakir |first=Omar |date=2021-04-27 |title=A Threshold Crossed |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution |journal=[[Human Rights Watch]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Apartheid |url=https://www.btselem.org/topic/apartheid |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[B'Tselem]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ארכיון Settler Violence |url=https://www.yesh-din.org/en/category/settler-violence/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Yesh Din]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗaya daga cikin Dokokin Ƙananan na Isra'ila, wanda aka nufa don zama tushen kundin tsarin mulki na gaba,  Dokokin Ƙarshen: Darajar Dan Adam da 'Yanci, babban kayan aiki ne don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da' yancin jama'a a Jihar Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gavison |first=Ruth |year=1985 |title=The Controversy over Israel's Bill of Rights |journal=Israel Yearbook of Human Rights |volume=15 |pages=113–154}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah sun nuna cewa wannan dokar ba ta ƙunshi tanadi na gaba ɗaya don daidaito da rashin nuna bambanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inequality Report: The Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel - Adalah |url=https://www.adalah.org/en/content/view/7404 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.adalah.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, sun bayar da rahoton take hakkin bil'adama da kasar Isra'ila ke yi, musamman kan wasu tsiraru. Wadannan rahotanni sun hada da take hakkokin Falasdinawa, na ciki da wajen Isra'ila da kuma wasu kungiyoyi a Isra'ila.

Freedom House ya bayyana Isra'ila a matsayin 'yanci na siyasa da dimokuradiyya fiye da kasashe makwabta a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 January 2013 |title=US watchdog: Israel is Mideast's only 'free' state |url=https://www.jpost.com/National-News/US-watchdog-Israel-is-Mideasts-only-free-state |access-date=21 August 2018 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar na shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, Isra'ila na fuskantar manyan matsalolin kare hakkin bil'adama game da nuna wariya ga hukumomi a kan al'ummar Larabawa na Isra'ila (da yawa daga cikinsu suna bayyana kansu a matsayin Falasdinu), 'yan Isra'ila da mata na Habasha, da kuma kula da 'yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure. Sauran matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam sun haɗa da nuna wariyar hukuma ga Yahudawa waɗanda ba 'yan Orthodox ba da kuma iyalai masu aure, da cin zarafin ma'aikata a kan ma'aikatan kasashen waje.

== Tarihi ==
Majalisar Tarayyar Al'ummai ta amince da ƙuduri a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1931 game da yanayin da ake buƙata kafin a kawo ƙarshen mulkin. Sabuwar gwamnati ta samar da wata sanarwa ta baki ko rubuce-rubuce da ta amince da karɓar wajibin tabbatar da daidaito na kabilanci da addinai. Wannan ƙuduri ya biyo bayan tsohuwar doka ta duniya a lokuta inda manyan iko suka taimaka wajen maido da ikon mallakar yankin. Ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan &quot;Gwamnatin Falasdinu ta nan gaba&quot; ya ƙunshi duka shirin rabuwa da Shirin Kare Ƙananan .  Ya sanya 'yan tsiraru, mata, da' yancin addini a ƙarƙashin kariya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya. Shirin ya ba da takamaiman tabbacin haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali. Sabbin jihohin sun samar da sanarwa, wanda bisa ga abin da ya gabata ya yi daidai da yarjejeniya.&lt;ref&gt;See International Human Rights in Context, Henry J. Steiner, Philip Alston, Ryan Goodman, Oxford University Press US, 2008, {{ISBN|0-19-927942-X}}, page 100&lt;/ref&gt; Kudin ya bayyana cewa &quot;ka'idojin da ke cikin sanarwar an gane su a matsayin manyan dokoki na Jiha, kuma babu wata doka, ka'ida ko aikin hukuma da za su saba wa ko tsoma baki da waɗannan ka'idojin, kuma babu wani doka, ka-idaita ko aikin hukumi da zai mamaye su&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, November 29, 1947, C. Declarations |url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029150108/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |archive-date=29 October 2006 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanarwar kafa kasar Isra'ila ta yi shelar, a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1948, cewa &quot;haƙƙin Yahudawa na sake haifuwa na ƙasa a cikin ƙasarta&quot; an amince da shi a cikin sanarwar Balfour na 2 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1917, kuma an sake tabbatar da shi a cikin Umurnin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya wanda, musamman, ya ba da izini na kasa da kasa da Isra'ila ga Isra'ila da Isra'ila. hakkin Yahudawa na sake gina Gidansa na Ƙasa.&quot; Har ila yau, ta ayyana cewa kasar &quot;za ta kasance a bude don hijirar Yahudawa da kuma tattara 'yan gudun hijirar; za ta bunkasa ci gaban kasar don amfanin dukan mazaunanta; za ta kasance bisa 'yanci, adalci da zaman lafiya kamar yadda annabawan Isra'ila suka tsara; za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na zamantakewa da 'yancin siyasa ga dukan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini, addini ko jinsi ba; za ta ba da tabbaci ga harshe, yanci ko jinsi; kiyaye Wurare Mai Tsarki na dukan addinai; kuma zai kasance da aminci ga ƙa'idodin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.&quot;

Wasu malaman Burtaniya suna jayayya cewa Isra'ila ba ta cika wajibinta na kare haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru ba.&lt;ref&gt;Yvonne Schmidt, &quot;Foundations of Civil and Political Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories&quot;, GRIN Verlag, 2008, {{ISBN|3-638-94450-6}}, page 98&lt;/ref&gt;

Asalin Dokar Isra'ila: Mutuncin Dan Adam da 'Yanci, ya ce muhimman haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Isra'ila za a kiyaye su bisa ga ƙa'idodin da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar, amma ta keɓance musamman dokar da ta riga ta fara aiki. Masana harkokin shari'a na Isra'ila sun ce an yi amfani da kalmomin dokar ne don guje wa wahalar ba da fifiko ga daidaito, wanda ba a san shi ba. Sakamakon shi ne cewa za a iya jujjuya ƙa'idar daidaito ta hanyar doka ta yau da kullun, kuma ba za ta yi watsi da ka'idodin doka ko na alƙalai ba.

== Matsayi na 'yanci,' yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a a Isra'ila ==

=== 'Yancin zama ɗan ƙasa ===
Dokar kasa ta Isra'ila da Dokar Komawa, sun bambanta tsakanin Yahudawa Isra'ilawa da Falasdinawa Isra'ilawa ta hanyar sabunta ra'ayi na kasa yahudawa da ke bambanta da zama dan kasar Isra'ila. Duk da take, Dokar Ƙasa ba ta kafa ra'ayin ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ba, a maimakon haka tana danganta ɗan ƙasa da alaƙar addini.

Dokar Kasa ta ba da izinin Palasdinawa su zama 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila ne kawai idan sun kasance (ko kuma zuriyar waɗanda ke wurin) a Isra'ila tsakanin shekarar 1948 da shekarar 1952. Wadannan ƙuntatawa sun cire duk waɗanda aka kore su ko waɗanda suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 da zuriyarsu. Dokar Komawa ta tabbatar da haƙƙin kowane [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ya yi ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ta atomatik. Falasdinawa da zuriyarsu waɗanda aka kore su ko suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 an hana su wannan haƙƙin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Dokar zama dan kasa da shiga cikin Isra'ila (2003) ta hana Falasdinawa daga yankunan Falasdinawa da aka mamaye 'yancin samun matsayin zama na Isra'ila ko zama dan kasa, ko da a lokuta da suka yi aure da 'yan Isra'ila. Wannan haramcin ya ta'allaka ne kan dan kasa ba kan wani lamari na tsaro ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2008, Knesset ta amince da Dokar zama ɗan ƙasa (gyara Lamba 9) (Ikon soke zama ɗan ƙasa) (2008), wanda ke ba da damar soke zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila bisa ga &quot;cin amana&quot;. Musamman ma, keta amana na iya haɗawa da aikin zama a wasu ƙasashen Larabawa ko musulmi ko yankin Gaza. Wannan doka ta halatta soke zama ɗan ƙasa a kan haka ba tare da an yanke masa hukunci ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

=== Hakki da 'yanci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka yi ===
Binciken da Freedom House mai hedkwata a Amurka ya gudanar a shekara ta 2013, wanda ke kokarin auna irin dimokuradiyya da 'yancin siyasa a kowace kasa, ya sanya Isra'ila tare da Tunisiya a matsayin kasa daya tilo da ke da 'yanci a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;/&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''Rarrabawar Isra'ila, da yankunan da ta mamaye, ta Freedom House, The Economist Intelligence Unit da Transparency International'''
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
!Kasar / Ƙungiya - NGO
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Gidan 'Yanci
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sashin leken asiri na tattalin arziki
!Bayyanawa ta Duniya
|-
!Rahoton-Ranking
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'Yanci a Duniya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lissafin Dimokuradiyya
!Rashin fahimta na cin hanci da rashawa
|-
!
!Rarraba 'yanci, Wani bangare na 'yanci&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;'Yanci'&lt;/span&gt;, Wani ɓangare na' Yanci, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Ba 'Yanci ba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
![[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|'Yancin siyasa]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[Ƴancin Jama'a|'Yancin Jama'a]]&lt;br /&gt;
!Dimokuradiyya Rarraba Dimokuradiya Cikakken Dimokuradiyar, Dimokuradiyan da ba su da kyau, Tsarin Mulki&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Cikakken dimokuradiyya&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#cfc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Dimokuradiyya mara kyau&lt;/span&gt;, Tsarin Mulki na Hybrid, Tsarin Mulki&lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Tsarin mulki na mulkin mallaka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!Cikakken Sakamakon
!Ra'ayoyin cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Isra'ila
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |'Yanci'
|1
|2
| style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot; |Dimokuradiyya mara kyau
|7.79
|6.0
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |Ba 'Yanci ba
|6
|6
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|}

; Bayani
:

* Ta hanyar Freedom House 2009 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Map of Freedom in the World |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&amp;year=2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ga 'yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a, 1 yana wakiltar mafi kyawun kyauta kuma 7 mafi ƙarancin kyauta.
* Bisa ga The Economist Intelligence Unit 2010 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Democracy Index 2010 |url=http://graphics.eiu.com/PDF/Democracy_Index_2010_web.pdf |access-date=2 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cikakken dimokuradiyya suna da jimlar 10 zuwa 8, dimokuradiyar da ba ta dace ba tana da jimlar 7.9 zuwa 6, gwamnatocin haɗin gwiwa suna da jimillar 5.9 zuwa 4, kuma gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna da jimla daga 3.9 zuwa 1. Matsayin dimokuradiyya ya fi girma yayin da ci ya karu.
* Dangane da ƙididdigar cin hanci da rashawa ta duniya ta shekara-shekara,  ci ya kasance daga 10 (mai tsabta) zuwa 0 (mai cin hanci).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=2008 Corruption Perceptions Index |url=http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311002755/http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |archive-date=11 March 2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |website=Transparency International Annual Report |publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun soki gwamnatin Isra'ila saboda kai hari ga kungiyoyin farar hula da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila (ACRI), babbar kungiyar 'yancin jama'a ta Isra'ila, jerin kokarin gwamnatin Isra'ila a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun kai hari kan kungiyoyin fararen hula na Isra'ila da Kotun Koli na Isra'ila. Rahoton ACRI na Disamba 2017 ya gabatar da abin da yake kallo a matsayin misalan harin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ci gaba da kai wa dimokuradiyyar Isra'ila, 'yancin ɗan adam, 'yancin yin zanga-zanga, mutunta kimar daidaici, da 'yancin siyasa, zamantakewa da 'yan tsiraru. Wannan yanayin a Isra'ila an kira shi &quot;rashin bin tsarin mulki&quot; ta wasu masu sharhi na shari'a.

=== Zaben, jam'iyyun siyasa, da wakilci ===
A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan Isra'ila, &quot;Dokar ta bai wa 'yan kasar damar zabar gwamnatinsu a zabukan lokaci-lokaci na 'yanci da adalci bisa tsarin zabe na bai daya, kuma 'yan kasar sun yi amfani da wannan damar.&quot; Zaɓen da aka gudanar a watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2015 an yi la'akari da shi cikin 'yanci da adalci a wurin masu sa ido. An soki sauyin da aka yi a matakin zabe da cewa ya takaita wakilcin kananan jam’iyyu, musamman ma da ke shafar tsirarun Larabawa. Wannan ya sa jam'iyyu hudu masu rinjaye na Larabawa suka hade waje daya, wato Joint List, wanda ya samu kujeru 13, ya kuma zama bangare na uku mafi girma a majalisar Knesset. Galibin Falasdinawa a yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye na rayuwa ne a karkashin mamayar Isra'ila kuma ba 'yan kasar Isra'ila ba ne. Ba a yarda su kada kuri'a a Isra'ila ba.

Doka ta asali: Knesset (1958) da gyare-gyaren da suka biyo baya sun hana jerin jam'iyyun tsayawa takara a majalisar Knesset idan manufofinta ko ayyukanta sun hada da &quot;kyau da wanzuwar kasar Isra'ila a matsayin kasar Yahudawa&quot;. Cibiyar shari'a ta Isra'ila Adalah ta bayyana cewa &quot;wannan dokar ta hana yin amfani da 'yancin yin siyasa cikin 'yanci, ciki har da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da shiga siyasa. Ana amfani da ita sau da yawa don ƙoƙarin hana jam'iyyun siyasa na Larabawa da 'yan majalisar dokoki don neman canza yanayin kasa ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, alal misali, zuwa wata ƙasa da ta dogara da cikakken daidaito na farar hula da na kasa wanda ba ya ba da fifiko ga wata ƙungiya ta kasa fiye da ɗayan, har ma da toshe muhawara kan irin waɗannan shawarwari.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Mata sun fuskanci manyan matsalolin al'adu a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa masu wakiltar ƙungiyoyin addini masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma, a ƙaramin mataki, tsirarun Larabawa. A zaben 2015, Knesset mai mambobi 120 na da mambobi mata 29 da mambobi Larabawa 15. An nada mata uku a majalisar ministocin, kuma a karon farko, wata Balarabe Isra'ila ta jagoranci wani kwamiti na dindindin.

=== 'Yanci na addini ===
[[Fayil:Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg|left|thumb|Ganuwar Yamma, [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]]]]
Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2009 kan Isra'ila da yankunan da ta mamaye, &quot;Dokar Isra'ila ta Bada 'Yanci da Mutunci da 'Yanci ta tanadi 'yancin yin ibada kuma gabaɗaya Gwamnati na mutunta wannan hakki a aikace.&quot; Rahoton ya kara da cewa &quot;Manufar gwamnati ta ci gaba da goyon bayan gudanar da harkokin addini na 'yanci, duk da cewa ana ci gaba da nuna wariya na gwamnati da na shari'a ga wadanda ba Yahudawa ba da kuma na addinin Yahudanci ba&quot; kuma &quot;Yahudawa da yawa 'yan kasar sun ki amincewa da ikon Orthodox na keɓance kan muhimman al'amuran rayuwarsu.&quot; Rahoton ya bayyana cewa kimanin ‘yan kasar 310,000 da suka yi hijira zuwa Isra’ila a karkashin dokar komowa, ba mabiya addinin Orthodoks ke daukar Yahudawa ba, don haka ba za a iya aure ko a sake su ba, ko kuma a binne su a makabartun Yahudawan da ke cikin kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite report|last1=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan samun iko da Yammacin Kogin a shekarar 1967, Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin musulmi damar shiga masallatai, gami da [[Al-Aqsa]], da kuma damar Kirista zuwa majami'u. Isra'ila ta ba da kariya ga wuraren addini na addinan da ba na Yahudawa ba; mafi shahararren Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila (IDF) sun kama wani mutum wanda ya sanar da su shirinsa na kai hari Masallacin Al-Aqsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2006 |title=Police arrest J'lem rabbi who threatened to carry out terror attack on Temple Mount |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/770846.html |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu lokuta, bukukuwan kwanaki masu tsarki ta addinai daban-daban suna da damar haifar da rikici; don haka 'yan sanda na Isra'ila suna daukar matakai don kauce wa rikici tsakanin al'ummomi ta hanyar bayar da ƙuntatawa na wucin gadi kan motsi  da bautar da ake ji. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 September 2006 |title=Restrictions on Old City Jews During Ramadan – Inside Israel – Israel News |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=112595 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar wani rahoto na shekara ta 2009 daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Ofishin Demokraɗiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam, da Kwadago, Isra'ila ta gaza kasancewa al'umma mai juriya ko jam'i. A cewar rahoton, Isra'ila na nuna wariya ga Musulmai, Shaidun Jehobah, Yahudawa masu kawo sauyi, Kirista, mata da kuma Badawiyya. Dukkan wurare 137 masu tsarki da Isra'ila ta amince da su Yahudawa ne, suna yin watsi da kuma yin watsi da wuraren Kirista da na Musulmi, duk da Dokar Kare Wuraren Tsarkakewa ta 1967 da aka yi niyya don kare dukkan wurare masu tsarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 February 2009 |title=2008 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226174854/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |archive-date=26 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=[[US Department of State]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Baha'i|Bangaskiyar Bahá'í]] (a cikin 1960) tana kula da wurin zama na hukumomin su, Gidan Shari'a na Duniya, a Haifa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Baháʼí World Centre |url=http://www.bahai.org/dir/bwc |access-date=31 July 2006 |publisher=[[Baháʼí International Community]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] yana aiki a matsayin addini a Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Diamond Way Buddhism in Israel |url=http://www.buddhism.org.il/?newlang=english |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Diamond Way Buddhism}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Buddhanet's Middle East Buddhist Directory: Israel |url=http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm#israel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627120448/http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm |archive-date=27 June 2006 |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta wallafa nazarin tashin hankali na zamantakewa ta ƙasa. Cibiyar Hostilities Index (SHI) tana auna ayyukan ƙiyayya ta addini ta mutane, ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyin jama'a. &quot;Wannan ya haɗa da taron jama'a ko tashin hankali na ɗarika, cin zarafi kan tufafi saboda dalilai na addini, da sauran tsoratar da addini ko cin zarafi. &quot;  A cikin shekarar 2007, Isra'ila tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 10 da ke da maki sama da 7.1 a sikelin 10; a cikin 2010, Isra'ila da yankunan Palasdinawa sun kasance biyu daga cikin yankuna 15 da ke da mafi girman ƙimar SHI.&lt;ref name=&quot;pewforum.org&quot; /&gt;

=== Dokokin aure da saki ===
Ma'aurata da ke son yin aure na iya yin hakan ne kawai ta hanyar bikin addini, idan Yahudawa, [[Aure a Musulunci|Musulmi]], Kirista, ko wasu. Ma'aurata marasa addini, tun daga shekara ta 2014, na iya samun wani nau'in auren farar hula a Isra'ila, kuma su sami [[Relationships Card|Katin Dangantaka]] ta sabuwar kungiyar da ke canza matsayinsu ga ma'aurata, kuma suna ba su duk hakkokin da suka fito daga gare ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=רשומות הכנסת, קובץ התקנות, 7326, הודעת ברית הזוגיות לחסרי דת (אגרות), התשע&quot;ד-2014. עמוד 486. |url=http://www.justice.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/97DAEDE3-9271-40E7-ADF9-4C91058FAF75/42863/7326.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=משפחה חדשה |url=http://www.news1.co.il/uploadFiles/543728053569794.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=News1.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2014 |title=לראשונה: תעודת הזוגיות של &quot;משפחה חדשה&quot; הוכרה כנישואים |url=http://www.mako.co.il/pride-news/local/Article-bf5f377c4709a41006.htm |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Mako.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aure na doka na yau da kullun yana ba ma'aurata hakkoki iri ɗaya da ma'auratan ke morewa. 'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila na iya tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje don auren farar hula, wanda ke da alhakin a ƙarƙashin dokar Isra'ila.

A lokacin Al-Aqsa Intifada a shekara ta 2003, Knesset ta yi gyare-gyare na wucin gadi ga Dokar 'yan kasa da shiga cikin Dokar Isra'ila wanda ya hana Palasdinawa da suka yi aure ga Isra'ilawa samun'ila ko zama. Masu sukar suna jayayya cewa dokar wariyar launin fata ce saboda an yi niyya ne ga Larabawa na Isra'ila waɗanda ke da yiwuwar samun ma'aurata Palasdinawa fiye da sauran Isra'ilawa; masu kare sun ce dokar tana da niyyar hana hare-haren ta'addanci da kiyaye halin Yahudawa na Isra'ilawa. Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambanci tsakanin launin fata ya amince da ƙuduri cewa dokar Isra'ila ta keta yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya game da wariyar launin fata. Jakadan Isra'ila a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva, [[Yaakov Levy]], ya ce ƙudurin &quot;ya kasance mai zurfi na siyasa&quot;, yana mai nuna rashin nasarar kwamitin na ba da buƙatar Isra'ila don gabatar da shaidar &quot;biyan dokar da ke cikin dokar kasa da kasa da kuma aiki&quot;, misalai na &quot;batutuwa masu yawa [inda] ba da matsayin doka ga matan Palasdinawa na mazaunan Isra'ila  yi amfani da shi da mazaunan Palasdinawa don Ta'addanci na kashe kansa&quot;, da kuma watsi da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Turai batun ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Babban Kotun Isra'ila.[was]

Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI) ta shigar da takarda don a soke dokar  amma Kotun Koli ta amince da ita a shekara ta 2006.  A cikin tsara dokar, gwamnati ta ambaci, &quot;bayanan da jami'an tsaro suka gabatar, wanda ya ce kungiyoyin ta'addanci suna ƙoƙarin tattara Palasdinawa waɗanda suka riga sun karɓi ko za su karɓi takardun Isra'ila kuma cewa jami'an tsaron suna da wahalar rarrabe tsakanin Palasdinawa da za su iya taimaka wa 'yan ta'adda da waɗanda ba za su ba&quot;. A cikin hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila game da wannan al'amari, Mataimakin Babban Alkalin Shari'a Mishael Cheshin ya yi jayayya cewa, &quot;yan ƙasar Isra'ila  jin daɗin haƙƙin tsarin mulki don kawo ɗan ƙasar waje zuwa Isra'ila... kuma haƙƙin - ƙari, wajibi ne - na jihar, na kowace jiha, don kare mazaunanta daga waɗanda ke son cutar da su. &quot;

A shekara ta 2009, Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka na Dimokuradiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ayyuka sun soki rashin auren farar hula da saki a Isra'ila ga baƙi waɗanda ba a dauke su Yahudawa a ƙarƙashin dokar rabbi ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Human rights activists have criticised Israel's stay of exit order, saying it unfairly targets divorced men by preventing them from leaving the country indefinitely until they settle the full child support arrears of their children until age 18. While this could easily amount to obligations in the millions of US dollars, even a US$100 debt can trigger a stay of exit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CCF Israel Report of the Israeli Civil Society |url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=tbinternet.ohchr.org |publisher=ccfisrael.org |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106020129/https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The men are required to pay 100% or more of their income, and are jailed for 21 days each time they miss a monthly payment. In 2021, it was reported that an Australian man who was divorced from his Israeli wife was detained from leaving the country in 2013, with the stay of exit being in force until 31 December 9999, or until he paid $3 million in child support arrears. Marianne Azizi, British journalist and head of Coalition of the Children and Families in Israel (CCF), estimated that hundreds more Australians were trapped in the country as a result of the stay of exit. She had been informed by British Embassy officials in Tel Aviv that 100 British nationals per month had been reaching out to them for help in getting out of the country.&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian&quot; /&gt;

A watan Maris na 2019, Azizi ta ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu a Geneva game da take hakkin dan Adam da ta ci gaba da kasancewa sakamakon kai tsaye sakamakon ka'idojin tallafawa yara kanana a Isra'ila, tana mai cewa &quot;... Rayuwar ubanni sama da 2,000 a kashe kansu yana da tsada&quot;. Ta ce Isra'ilawa ba sa bayar da rahoton take hakin bil'adama saboda tsoron &quot;sakamako&quot;, kamar yadda wasu masu fafutuka suka kwace musu 'ya'yansu. Lauyan Mickey Givati, wanda ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya ya ba shi izinin taimakawa baki daga Isra'ila, ya shaida cewa an sanya na'urorin bin diddigin a cikin motarsa da gidansa da kuma wayarsa, kuma an ajiye 'ya'yansa a wani matsuguni ba bisa ka'ida ba.

=== Tsarin shari'a da shari'ar aikata laifuka ===
Dokar Isra'ila ta tanadi 'yancin yin shari'a ta gaskiya da kuma shari'a mai zaman kanta. Rahoton da Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra’ila ya nuna cewa a wasu lokuta kotuna suna yanke hukunci a kan bangaren zartarwa, ciki har da wasu shari’o’in tsaro. Kungiyoyin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam sun yi imanin ana mutunta wadannan bukatu gaba daya. Tsarin yana da adawa kuma ƙwararrun alkalai ne ke yanke hukunci. Wadanda ake tuhuma marasa galihu suna samun wakilci na tilas. Wasu yankunan kasar na karkashin ikon shari'a daban-daban na kotunan soji. An yi imanin cewa waɗannan kotuna sun yi daidai da sauran kotunan laifuka na Isra'ila kan batutuwan da suka shafi fararen hula. Ba za a iya yanke hukunci a waɗannan kotuna bisa ikirari kaɗai ba.

=== Hukuncin kisa ===
A halin yanzu dai dokar Isra'ila ta ba da damar yanke hukuncin kisa kan manyan laifukan da aka aikata a lokacin yaki, amma an soke shi a lokacin zaman lafiya. Laifukan da ake aikatawa a lokacin yaƙi sun haɗa da kisan kiyashi, laifuffukan da ake yi wa Yahudawa, laifuffukan cin zarafin ɗan adam, da laifukan yaƙi. Mutum daya tilo da aka taba yankewa hukuncin kisa bayan an same shi da laifi a wata kotun farar hula ta Isra’ila shi ne mai laifin yakin Nazi Adolf Eichmann .

=== 'Yancin fursunoni ===
B'Tselem ta ruwaito cewa an yi ta azabtar da mutanen da ba a zarginsu da aikata laifuka, wadanda suka hada da malaman addini, shehunai da malaman addini, masu fafutuka a kungiyoyin agaji, da daliban Musulunci. Sauran da za a azabtar da su sun hada da ’yan’uwa da sauran dangin mutanen da aka lissafa a matsayin wadanda ake so da kuma duk wani Bafalasdine a cikin aikin injiniya. A wasu lokutan kuma, an kama matan da ake tsare da su tare da wulakanta su don kara matsa wa mazajensu. Jami’an ISA a wasu lokutan suna azabtar da Falasdinawa domin daukar su a matsayin masu hada kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Background of the High Court of Justice's Decision |url=http://www.btselem.org/torture/background |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

B'Tselem ta kiyasta cewa ISA na yin tambayoyi tsakanin Falasdinawa 1,000 zuwa 1,500 a kowace shekara kuma tana amfani da hanyoyin da za su zama azabtarwa ga wasu kashi 85 cikin 100 na su, akalla mutane 850 a shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;/&gt;

[[Amnesty International]] ta kuma bayar da rahoton yin amfani da azabtarwa ga fursunonin Palasdinawa, tare da tsare-tsare, ba tare da shari'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Human rights in Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty ta ruwaito cewa an tsare Palasdinawa sama da 2,200 daga yankin Yammacin da aka mamaye a watan farko na Yaƙin Gaza na shekarar 2023. Bayanai da rikodin bidiyo sun nuna azabtar da fursunoni, gami da mummunan duka da wulakanci ga fursunoni.  Ta hanyar tilasta musu su sa kawunansu su kwanta, su durƙusa a ƙasa yayin ƙididdigar fursunoni&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=Israel/OPT: Horrifying cases of torture and degrading treatment of Palestinian detainees amid spike in arbitrary arrests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/11/israel-opt-horrifying-cases-of-torture-and-degrading-treatment-of-palestinian-detainees-amid-spike-in-arbitrary-arrests/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani rahoto na shekara ta 1978 daga karamin ofishin jakadancin da ke birnin Kudus ya bayyana shari’ar sojan da aka yi wa wasu matasa ‘yan kasar Amurka guda biyu wadanda suka ba da rahoton cewa mahukuntan Isra’ila sun yi amfani da karfin tuwo wajen samun ikirari daga wajensu. Rahoton ya kammala da cewa hukumomin Isra'ila na sane da cewa mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da &quot;tilastawa ta jiki da musgunawa&quot; wajen samun ikirari.

Hukumar Landau ta shekarar 1987, karkashin jagorancin mai shari'a Moshe Landau na Kotun Koli, an nada ta ne domin ta binciki hanyoyin tambayoyi na Hukumar Tsaron Isra'ila (ISA) kuma ta ce &quot;ba za a iya guje wa yin matsananciyar matsin lamba ba&quot;. Duk da haka, hukumar ta yi Allah wadai da wata takarda ta cikin gida ta shekarar 1982 wadda ta umurci masu yin tambayoyi kan irin karyar da ya kamata su yi a kotu lokacin da suke musanta cewa za su yi amfani da karfin jiki wajen samun ikirari. Ta yi Allah-wadai da shedar karya da abin ya shafa amma ta ba da shawarar a guji hukunta wadanda suka aikata ta. Sashi na biyu na rahoton Landau ya kasance sirri ne, an yi imanin cewa yana ɗauke da ƙa'idodin hanyoyin tambayoyi da aka halatta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Landau Commission examined interrogation methods |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/Torture/Background.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hukumar Landau ta kai ga daruruwan korafe-korafe da Falasdinawa da ake tsare da su suka yi na korafin cewa an yi amfani da karfi a kansu a lokacin da ISA ke yi musu tambayoyi. A cikin keɓantattun shari'o'i, an ba da umarnin wucin gadi na ɗan lokaci da ke hana ISA amfani da duka ko wasu hanyoyin, amma a watan Satumba na 1999, Kotun Koli ta ƙi yanke hukunci ko suna da doka a ƙarƙashin dokokin Isra'ila da na duniya.

A cikin 1994, Rahoton Kwanturolan Jiha (wanda aka fitar a taƙaitaccen tsari a cikin Fabrairu 2000) ya gano cewa hanyoyin tambayoyin ISA sun saba wa doka, ƙa'idodin Hukumar Landau, da ƙa'idodin cikin gida wanda sabis ɗin kansa ya tsara.

A watan Yulin shekarar 2002, ''Haaretz'' ya nakalto wani babban jami'in ISA yana cewa, tun lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke shawara, an bayyana Falasdinawa 90 a matsayin &quot;bamai masu saurin kai&quot; da kuma &quot;hanyar tambayoyi masu ban mamaki, &quot;watau azabtarwa, an yi amfani da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ha'aretz quoted a senior GSS official |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/torture/ |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran masu tambayoyin Isra'ila sun yarda cewa ISA &quot;tana amfani da duk wani magudi mai yiwuwa, har zuwa girgiza da bugawa. &quot; Yawancin bayanan daga Falasdinawa sun tabbatar da cewa azabtarwa har yanzu yana cikin tambayoyin Israʼila. 

According to a 2011 report by two Israeli human rights organisations, the Public Committee Against Torture (PCAT) and Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), Israeli doctors fail to report suspected torture and conceal related information, allowing Israeli Security Agency interrogators to use torture against Palestinian detainees.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harriet Sherwood |date=3 November 2011 |title=Israeli doctors 'failing to report torture of Palestinian detainees' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/03/israeli-doctors-report-torture-palestinian |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, wata doka ta ba da izinin tilasta ciyar da fursunoni masu fama da yunwa. Koyaya, Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Isra'ila ta bayyana dokar ba ta da kyau kuma ta bukaci likitoci da su ƙi aiwatar da ita.

==== Shirye-shiryen ilimi ====
Ana ba fursunoni damar ɗaukar darussan kan layi daga Open University of Israel, da kuma kammala digiri na ilimi. Wannan ba haƙƙin da aka ba shi ba ne amma fa'ida, dangane da halin kirki, tare da hukumomin kurkuku suna biyan kuɗin karatunsu na jami'a. Darussan suna cikin fannoni na: bil'adama, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, gudanarwa, ilimin halayyar dan adam da kimiyyar siyasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;knesset.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yaniv Ronen |date=28 November 2012 |title=לימודים אקדמיים של אסירים ביטחוניים |trans-title=Academic studies of security prisoners |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504160748/https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2015 |language=he}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar ita ce ta ba fursunoni kayan aiki don magance rayuwa a waje, don haka bayan an sake su daga kurkuku za su sami ilimi mai dacewa don taimaka musu samun aiki, da kuma hana su komawa rayuwar aikata laifuka.

==== Fursunoni na siyasa ====
A cikin shekarar 2011, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-Moon ya ce Isra'ila ta tsare dubban Palasdinawa a matsayin fursunonin siyasa, kuma ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta sake su. Ban ya ce sakin fursunonin siyasa zai &quot;yi aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar gina amincewa&quot; kuma ya bunkasa damar zaman lafiya a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 March 2011 |title=United Nations News Centre |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=37698&amp;Cr=palestin&amp;Cr1 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=UN News Service Section}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty International ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta saki fursunonin siyasa, tana mai cewa &quot;duk fursunonin siyasar da aka tsare ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba ya kamata a yi musu shari'a a shari'a ko kuma a sake su nan da nan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press Releases |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603062041/http://amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |archive-date=3 June 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

John Dugard ya kwatanta zaman kurkukun da Isra'ila ke yi wa Falasdinawa da manufofin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, yana mai cewa &quot;'Yan sandan tsaron wariyar launin fata sun aiwatar da azabtarwa sosai, haka ma jami'an tsaron Isra'ila. Akwai fursunonin siyasa da dama a tsibirin Robben amma akwai karin fursunonin siyasa na Falasdinawa a gidajen kurkukun Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=John Dugard |title=Apartheid and the occupation of Palestine |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/11/201111395153781378.html |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Tsayar da gudanarwa =====
Tsayawa na gudanarwa hanya ce da ake tsare fursunoni ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba. An ba da izinin hukunce-hukuncen ta hanyar umarnin gudanarwa daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Isra'ila ko kwamandojin soja na Isra'ila. [[Amnesty International]] ta yi imanin cewa aikin ya karya Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa wanda &quot;ya bayyana cewa babu wanda ya kamata a tsare shi da gangan kuma cewa hana 'yanci dole ne ya dogara da dalilai da hanyoyin da doka ta kafa&quot;. Amnesty International ta kuma damu da cewa fursunonin lamiri suna &quot;tsare ne kawai don yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya ba tare da tashin hankali ba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 1997 |title=Administrative detention: Despair, uncertainty and lack of due process |url=http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES\ISRAEL\OCCUPIED+TERRITORIES |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922021743/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES%5CISRAEL%5COCCUPIED%2BTERRITORIES |archive-date=22 September 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar B'Tselem a halin yanzu akwai Falasdinawa 645 da ke tsare a karkashin tsare-tsare ta Isra'ila da kuma 105 ta IDF. Yawancin ana kiyaye su a Yammacin Kogin Yamma a sansanin Soja na Ofer ko a sansanin soja na Ansar 3 / Ketziot a cikin hamadar Negev . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 July 2006 |title=Administrative Detention |url=http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824195154/http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |archive-date=24 August 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Shirye-shiryen ilimi a kurkuku don tsare-tsare =====
A shekara ta 2009, akwai fursunonin Palasdinawa 250 da ke karatu a Jami'ar Isra'ila. A watan Yunin shekarar 2011, Firayim Minista Benjamin Netanyahu ya sanar, don mayar da martani ga dakatar da tattaunawar zaman lafiya, cewa ba za a ba fursunonin Palasdinawa damar neman digiri na ilimi a kurkuku ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Barak Ravid |date=23 June 2011 |title=Netanyahu: Israel to toughen conditions of Palestinian prisoners |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/netanyahu-israel-to-toughen-conditions-of-palestinian-prisoners-1.369269 |access-date=16 May 2012 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshen shekara ta 2012, fursunoni uku sun daukaka kara ga Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya ki amincewa da roko. A cikin hukunce-hukuncen su, alƙalai sun bayyana cewa haƙƙin samun ilimi na jami'a kyauta bai shafi waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci na laifuffukan ta'addanci ba. Hukuncin, duk da haka, ya yi kira ga hukumomin kurkuku da su &quot;yi la'akari&quot; da yanke shawara game da shari'o'in fursunoni da suka riga sun kasance a tsakiyar shirye-shiryen ilimi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 December 2012 |title=Court: End of Free College for Terrorists |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/163549 |access-date=24 March 2014 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 'Yanci na magana da kafofin watsa labarai ===
[[Fayil:Israeli_Press_1949.jpg|thumb|Sashe na jaridu na Isra'ila a cikin 1949.]]
Censorship a Isra'ila ana gudanar da shi ne a hukumance ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila, wani sashi a cikin gwamnatin Isra'ila wanda aka ba shi aiki a hukumance don aiwatar da censorship na kariya game da buga bayanan da zasu iya shafar tsaro Isra'ila. Babban mai binciken Isra'ila ne ke jagorantar hukumar, jami'in soja wanda Ministan Tsaro na Isra'ila ya nada, wanda ya ba Babban mai binciken ikon hana bayanan da ya ga ya dace da kasancewa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aluf Benn |date=July–August 2001 |title=Israel: Censoring the past |url=http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619213158/http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences |publisher=University of Maryland}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=P.R. Kumaraswamy |date=September 1998 |title=India and Israel: Evolving Strategic Partnership |url=http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/publications/40pub.html |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Mideast Security and Policy Studies |publisher=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamar Shirin [[makaman nukiliya]] na Isra'ilawa da ayyukan soja na Isra'il a waje da iyakokinta. A matsakaici, labaran jarida 2240 a Isra'ila suna tantancewa ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila a kowace shekara, kusan 240 daga cikinsu a cikakke, kuma kusan 2000 a wani ɓangare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2021 |title=נתונים חדשים חושפים טפח מאחורי הקלעים של יחסי הצנזורה הצבאית והעיתונות הישראלית |url=https://www.the7eye.org.il/419412 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=העין השביעית |language=he-IL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dole ne a gabatar da labarai game da batutuwan da za su iya kawo rigima ga Mai binciken Sojojin Isra'ila a gaba; rashin yin hakan na iya sa mai ba da rahoto ya rasa damarsa na aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Isra'ila  kuma, game da manema labarai na ƙasashen waje, a hana shi daga ƙasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;BBCsorry&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2005 |title=BBC says sorry to Israel |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/mar/12/israel.broadcasting |website=the Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Matar |first=Haggai |date=2020-03-09 |title=IDF censor redacted two thousand news items in 2019 |url=https://www.972mag.com/idf-censor-israeli-media-2019/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=+972 Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=IDF Military Censor banned nearly 300 articles last year |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/idf-military-censor-banned-nearly-300-articles-last-year-562318 |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila, &quot;doka ta tanadi 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da 'yan jarida, kuma gaba daya gwamnati na mutunta wadannan hakkoki a aikace idan aka yi la'akari da takunkumin da ya shafi tsaro.&quot; Dokar ta tanadi 'yancin yin taro da ƙungiyoyi, kuma gabaɗaya gwamnati na mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a aikace.

Wasu jami'an gwamnati da wasu na sukar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da Isra'ila ke da shi a lokacin da suke gudun hijira daga [[zirin Gaza]] da yammacin kogin Jordan. Wannan ya haifar da sukar da ake cewa &quot;Hukumomi sun dauki matakan da ba su dace ba, tare da cin zarafin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da zanga-zangar siyasa ba tare da wani dalili ba.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;acri&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=ACRI Report Slashes Civil Rights Abuses and Privatization |url=http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060622145646/http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-date=22 June 2006 |access-date=28 July 2006 |website=Annual Report on Israel |publisher=The Association for Civil Rights in Israel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Isra'ila, manufofin gwamnatinta suna fuskantar zargi daga manema labarai da kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban na siyasa, haƙƙin ɗan adam da masu sa ido,   wadanda suka hada da Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI), B'Tselem, Machsom Watch, Mata a cikin Baƙar fata da Mata don Isra'ila Gobe. A cewar kungiyar 'yancin' yan jarida Reporters Without Borders, &quot;Kafofin yada labarai na Isra'ila sun sake kasancewa a cikin shekarar 2005 wadanda kawai ke da' yancin gaske don yin magana. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Israel – Annual report 2006 |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181318/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=12 August 2006 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, a cikin 2010, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da ke aiki a Isra'ila suka koka game da mummunan yanayi a kasar, kuma sun ce suna fuskantar hari saboda sukar manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyoyin sun ce wasu shugabannin Isra'ila suna ganin zargi da kare hakkin dan adam a matsayin barazana ga halattacciyar Isra'ila, musamman bayan Zargin laifukan yaki da sojojin Isra'ila game da Yakin Gaza (2008-09). 

A shekara ta 2009, Isra'ila ta kasance ta 93 a cikin Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index, daga shekarar da ta gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Reporters Without Borders – Press Freedom Index 2009 |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2013, Isra'ila ta sauka zuwa 112 daga cikin kasashe 179 a cikin Freedom Index na jarida. 'Yan jarida ba tare da iyaka ba sun bayyana cewa canjin ya faru ne saboda ayyukan Isra'ila a cikin Operation Pillar of Defense lokacin da ta ce &quot;Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila da gangan sun kai hari kan' yan jarida da gine-gine inda kafofin watsa labarai da ke da alaƙa da Hamas ke da mahalli&quot;. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta soki kama 'yan jarida na Palasdinawa da kuma tantancewar soja. Freedom House ta sanya Isra'ila a matsayin mai yanayin kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Sashi na 'yanci&quot; a cikin shekara ta 2009. A baya, Isra'ila ita ce kadai kasar da ke cikin yankin da ke da kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Free&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Press Freedom Rankings by Region 2009 |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&amp;year=2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) A cikin shekarar 2023, Isra'ila da kanta, ba tare da haɗa Gaza Strip ko Gabashin Urushalima ba, an jera su a matsayin &quot;Free&quot;,  yayin da Gaza Strip da West Bank suka kasance &quot;Ba Free ba&quot;.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israel: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/israel/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gaza Strip: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/gaza-strip/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=West Bank: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/west-bank/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2003, hukumar fim din Isra'ila ta haramta nuna fim din kasuwanci game da [[Jenin]]_(2002)&quot; id=&quot;mwAxM&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Battle of Jenin (2002)&quot;&gt;Yaƙin Jenin na 2002.  Fim din, ''Jenin, Jenin'' ne, tarin ganawa ne da mazaunan sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Jenin da aka yi fim a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2002, mako guda bayan yakin. Mohammad Bakri, Larabawa na Isra'ila, ya jagoranci fim din. An dakatar da fim din ne saboda zargin da ake yi na [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]] da Sojojin Isra'ila suka aikata, wanda hukumar ta yi la'akari da karya da cutar da iyalan sojoji. Bayan shari'ar shari'a, an shigar da takarda a Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya soke shawarar hukumar, kuma ya ba da izinin nuna fim din a cikin fina-finai &quot;don jama'a su yanke shawara&quot;, yayin da yake lura cewa fim din &quot;cike da ƙarya&quot;, ba fim ba ne, kuma an yi shi &quot;ba tare da bangaskiya ba&quot;, ta hanyar ƙarya yana nuna sojojin Isra'ila a matsayin &quot;mafi munin masu aikata laifuka&quot;.

A watan Janairun 2011, majalisar dokokin Isra'ila ta amince da wani kuduri na hannun dama na binciken wasu sanannun kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na Isra'ila saboda &quot;lalata&quot; sojojinta. Binciken zai haifar da bincike kan tallafin kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da dama wadanda suka soki manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila ta bayyana matakin a matsayin &quot;mummunan rauni&quot; ga demokradiyyar Isra'ila, kuma masu sukar manufofin sun yi wa manufar &quot;McCarthyist&quot;.

A cikin shekara ta 2015, Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta amince da manyan tanadi na dokar da ke haifar da sakamako ga waɗanda ke kira ga kauracewa Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye. Hukuncin ya haifar da muhawara, tare da wasu nuna rashin amincewa da shi yana kawo karshen 'yancin magana yayin da wasu ke cewa yana tabbatar da matsayin Isra'ila kan &quot;tsarin lalacewar BDS&quot; (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement). Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila sun yi korafi game da dokar, suna mai cewa ta keta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Magoya bayan dokar sun ce ta haramta &quot; nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin ƙasa&quot;.  &quot;Don cire kiran kauracewa daga rukunin 'yancin magana ba daidai ba ne&quot;, in ji Rabbi David Rosenn, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na New Israel Fund (NIF). &quot;Babu wani bangare na daban don magana wanda ke siyasa. Magana mafi mahimmanci shine siyasa, kuma ya kamata mutane su sami damar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ba tare da tsoron takunkumin gwamnati ba. &quot;

Dokar ta ba 'yan sanda damar iyakance tunzura ga tashin hankali ko kalaman ƙiyayya kuma ta haramta kiran mutane &quot;Nazis&quot; ko &quot;fascists&quot;. Dokar Rigakafin Ta'addanci ta hana bayyana goyon bayan kungiyar da ake ganin ta sabawa doka ko ta'addanci.

On 24 November 2024, Israel's government ordered a boycott of the newspaper ''Haaretz'' by government officials and anyone working for a government-funded body, and banned government advertising with the newspaper. According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''Haaretz'' &quot;had published a series of investigations of wrongdoing or abuses by senior officials and the armed forces, and has long been in the crosshairs of the current government.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2023, wani rahoto daga Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya nuna cewa Isra'ila ta kasance ta shida mafi girma a duniya don kama' yan jarida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israeli arrests of Palestinian journalists soared in 2023: CPJ |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/18/israeli-arrests-of-palestinian-journalists-soared-in-2023-cpj |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin Yaƙin Gaza, Falasdinawa sun bayyana cin zarafin soja a kan sakonnin kafofin sada zumunta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Molana-Allen |first=Leila |title=Palestinians describe harassment from Israeli forces over social media posts during war |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/palestinians-describe-harassment-from-israeli-forces-over-social-media-posts-during-war |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2024, Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya sanya Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasa ta biyu mafi muni a duniya don ba da damar masu kisan 'yan jarida su tafi ba tare da hukunta su ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Liam |title=Haiti, Israel ranked worst for securing justice in journalist killings |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/haiti-israel-ranked-worst-for-securing-justice-in-journalist-killings/7845113.html |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Voice of America}}&lt;/ref&gt;

; 'Yan Jarida Ba tare da iyakoki ba

Kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta fitar da rahoto na shekara-shekara kan 'yancin 'yan jarida a duniya, mai suna Index na 'Yancin Jarida. An fara buga irin wannan na farko a shekara ta 2002. Sakamakon da Isra'ila da Hukumar Falasdinawa ta samu daga 2002 zuwa yau an nuna su a ƙasa, tare da ƙananan lambobi suna nuna kyakkyawar kulawa ga 'yan jarida:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:1em auto;&quot;
!Shekara
!Isra'ila (Yankin Isra'ila) 
!Isra'ila (na waje) 
!Hukumomin Palasdinawa
!Mafi munin Shekara
!Rahoton URL
|-
|2002
|92
|Ba a bayyana ba
|82
|139
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213848/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|44
|146
|130
|166
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213853/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
|36
|115
|127
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220042227/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |archive-date=20 December 2008 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|47
|Ba a bayyana ba
|132
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429110315/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |archive-date=29 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|50
|135
|134
|168
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604161952/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |archive-date=4 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|44
|103
|158
|169
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421060910/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |archive-date=21 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|46
|149
|163
|173
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607100340/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |archive-date=7 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|93
|150
|161
|175
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Hakkin sirri ==
A cewar wani rahoto na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra'ila, &quot;[l] aws da ka'idoji sun tanadi kariya ga sirrin mutum da na gida. A cikin shari'o'in laifuka doka ta ba da izinin sauraron waya a karkashin umarnin kotu; a lokuta na tsaro dole ne ma'aikatar tsaro ta ba da oda.&quot;

== 'Yancin mata ==
Aure da saki suna karkashin ikon kotuna na addini ne, wanda a aikace yake haifar da tsangwama ga mata a cikin wadannan bangarori na shari'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta zartar da dokar da ta ba da kariya ga mata daga tashin hankalin gida. A shekarar 2022, mata 24 abokan aikinsu ko wasu ‘yan uwansu ne a cewar ‘yan sandan Isra’ila, inda aka ce an kashe mata 69 a Isra’ila a tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa watan Agusta shekarar 2022. 40 daga cikin wadannan matan Palasdinawa ne, fiye da rabin wadannan shari’o’in ‘yan sanda ba su warware ba. Akasin haka, an warware shari’ar kowacce daga cikin kisan gilla 29 na matan Yahudawa da Isra’ilawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci ga mata.

Mata a Isra'ila ba koyaushe aka tabbatar da daidaiton jinsi a bayyane ba. Kodayake sanarwar 'yancin kai ta Isra'ila ta bayyana cewa &quot;Jam'iyyar Isra'ila [...] za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na' yancin zamantakewa da siyasa ga dukkan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini ba, launin fata ko jima'i,&quot; wannan ji ba a ba da ikon tsarin mulki ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1948 |title=The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel |url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/general/declaration-of-establishment-state-of-israel |access-date=January 29, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, kotunan Isra'ila, a tsawon lokaci, sun bayyana cewa daidaito tsakanin jinsi shine &quot;ka'idar tsarin shari'a&quot; a Isra'ila، kuma mata sun ga mafi yawan shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a ta Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2021 |title=Equality, Religion and Gender in Israel |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/equality-religion-and-gender-in-israel |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 July 2021 |title=Israel Women's Network |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/israel-womens-network |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1969, Isra'ila ta zabi Golda Meir a matsayin firaminista kuma ta zama kasa ta hudu da mace ke rike da irin wannan mukami. A shekara ta 2010, wakilan majalisar mata a Isra'ila ya kai kashi 18 cikin 100, wanda ya zarce na kasashen Larabawa da kashi 6 cikin 100, daidai da na majalisar dokokin Amurka, kuma ya yi kasa da matsakaicin kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasashen Scandinavia.

Majalisar dokokin Isra'ila, The Knesset, ta kafa kwamitin kula da matsayin mata don magance 'yancin mata. Makasudin da aka bayyana na wannan kwamiti shine hana wariya, yaki da cin zarafin mata, da inganta daidaito a harkokin siyasa, abubuwan rayuwa da ilimi. A cikin 1998, Knesset ta zartar da wata doka don &quot;Rigaka da Cin Duri da Jima'i&quot;.

Wani rahoto na shekarar 2009 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ya ambaci matsalolin auren jama'a, agunot ('mata masu sarka) ba za su iya saki ba tare da izinin miji ba), da kuma hidimar addu'o'in jinsin jinsi a bangon Yamma.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Ana haɓaka haƙƙoƙin mata ta hanyar &quot;Kawo Mata A Gaba: Haɗin Kan Mata&quot;, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar Asusun Haɗin gwiwar Mata na Yahudawa. Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda bakwai a Isra'ila sune Cibiyar Adva, Ruhun Mata, Itach-Maaki: Lauyoyin Mata don Adalci na zamantakewa, Cibiyar Mahut, Cibiyar Mata ta Isra'ila (IWN), Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki ga Mata (EEW) da Achoti ('yar'uwa) ga Mata a Isra'ila.

=== Mata Larabawa a Isra'ila ===
Matan Larabawa-Isra'ila suna shiga cikin harkokin gwamnati da na jama'a. Hussniya Jabara ita ce mace Balarabiya ta farko da ta fara aiki a majalisar Knesset. Dangane da sashe na 15 na Ma'aikatar Jama'a [waɗanda] mata da Larabawa-Isra'ilawa suna da haƙƙin tabbatar da aiki a aikin ma'aikacin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=העדפה מתקנת בעבודה ובשירות הציבורי |url=http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201010211/http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |archive-date=1 February 2013 |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Moital.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ayyuka masu kyau ===
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan mata na Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Hakkin LGBT ==
Hakkin 'Yan tsiraru na jima'i a Isra'ila ana ɗaukar su mafi haƙuri a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=LGBT+ rights and issues in the Middle East |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9457/CBP-9457.pdf |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=Commons Library Research Briefing, 9 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake Isra'ila ba ta halatta auren jinsi ɗaya ba, auren jinsi ɗaya da ke aiki a ƙasashen waje an amince da shi bisa doka a Isra'ila. Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin 'yancin jama'a ga yawan masu luwadi, gami da' yancin tallafi da amfanin abokin tarayya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Walzer |first=Lee |date=21 February 2002 |title=Queer in the Land of Sodom |url=http://www.thegully.com/essays/gaymundo/020220_gay_israel_history.html |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=The Gully}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isra'ila kuma ta ba da matsayin aure na doka ga ma'aurata na cikin gida na jinsi ɗaya. Dokar sodomy da aka gada daga Mandate na Burtaniya na Falasdinu an soke ta a shekarar 1988, kodayake akwai umarni mai bayyanawa da Babban Lauyan Isra'ila ya bayar a shekarar 1953 wanda ya umarci 'yan sanda da su guji aiwatar da wannan dokar, muddin babu wasu laifuka da suka shafi. Dokar kare hakkin ɗan luwaɗi ta ƙasa ta haramta wasu nuna bambanci ga 'yan luwadi, gami da aiki; ana yin wasu keɓancewa ga ƙungiyoyin addini. A baya, aikin soja na masu luwadi yana ƙarƙashin wasu ƙuntatawa. An ɗaga waɗannan ƙuntatawa a cikin 1993, suna ba da damar masu luwadi su yi aiki a bayyane a duk sassan sojoji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Homosexual rights around the world |url=http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210062004/http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |archive-date=10 December 2005 |access-date=20 November 2011 |website=Gay Rights Info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Maris 2014, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da umarni da ke nuna cewa an haɗa aikin tiyatar jima'i a cikin tallafin kiwon lafiya da aka ba wa 'yan ƙasa. Duk da haka, a cikin watan Mayu Haaretz ya ruwaito cewa wata kungiyar kula da lafiya ta ki biyan kudin tiyatar canjin jima'i guda biyu, wanda ya haifar da kashe kudade masu yawa daga marasa lafiya. Wata rundunar LGBTI ta kasa ta gano cewa kashi 80 cikin 100 na masu canza jinsi, kashi 50 na 'yan madigo da kashi 20 cikin 100 na mazan luwadi ana nuna musu wariya yayin neman aikin yi.

== Hakkin ƙasa ==
Asusun yahudawa (JNF) yana iko da kashi 13% na ƙasar Isra'ila; wannan ƙasa an keɓe ta ne don amfanin Yahudawan Isra'ila keɓanta. Kasa da kashi 4% na ƙasar Isra'ila mallakar ƴan ƙasar Larabawa ne, duk da Larabawa da ke da kashi 20% na al'ummar ƙasar. An ɗauka gabaɗaya, kashi 93% na ƙasar a Isra'ila ana iko da ko dai ƙasar Isra'ila ko JNF; Ana kiran waɗannan ƙasashe a hukumance da &quot;ƙasashen Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Canje-canjen kwanan nan (wanda aka yi a cikin 2010) zuwa Dokar Kasa (Samun don Manufofin Jama'a) (1943), yana nufin tabbatar da ikon mallakar ƙasa na ƙasar da aka kwace daga Falasɗinawa (daga 1948 zuwa gaba) ta hanyar toshe iƙirarin Falasɗinawa na mallakar ƙasar da aka kwace a ƙarƙashin wannan doka, ko da a wuraren da ba a taɓa amfani da ita don dalilai na jama'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Cibiyar shari'ar Isra'ila Adalah ta bayar da rahoton cewa, &quot;A zahiri, an toshe Falasdinawa 'yan Isra'ila daga siye ko ba da hayar filaye a kusan kashi 80% na ƙasar Isra'ila bisa tushen ƙasarsu.&quot; Sakamakon, a cewarsu, shine &quot;mafi yawancin filayen gwamnati sun ƙunshi keɓaɓɓu, yankunan Yahudawa kaɗai.&quot; Adalah ya bayyana manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da ake aiwatar da keɓancewa daga mallakar filaye da amfani da su; ta hanyar abin da ake kira &quot;kwamitocin shiga&quot; da kuma ta hanyar abin da Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin manufofin nuna wariya na hukumomin jihohi da JNF.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Waɗannan kwamitocin shigar sun duba masu neman rukunin gidaje a garuruwan noma da al'umma a Isra'ila kuma sun haɗa da wani babban jami'i daga Ƙungiyar Sahayoniya ta Duniya ko Hukumar Yahudawa. Kusan garuruwa 700 a cikin Isra'ila (wanda ke lissafin kusan kashi 70% na duk garuruwan Isra'ila) suna da alaƙa da kwamitocin shiga. Sharuɗɗan da waɗannan kwamitocin suka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da ka'idojin dacewa, wanda Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin sabani da rashin gaskiya. Adalah ta ruwaito cewa ana tace Larabawa da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Isra'ila ta hanyar amfani da wannan ka'idojin dacewa. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Yahudawan Mizrahi da ƴan luwaɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, garuruwa da yawa a Isra'ila sun amince da dokoki da ke jaddada halayensu na Yahudawa, suna ƙayyade shigarwa cikin al'umma akan &quot;aminci ga hangen nesa na Zionist&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Nuna wariya ƙasar manufofin ne zuwa babban har kore da manufofin na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar ƙasar Isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin 1949 da 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF wakilan (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan ƙasar Isra'ila da ake kira manufofin ƙasa a cikin jihar 3. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan manufofin ya hana JNF ƙasar da za a ba wa waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

== Ƙananan kabilanci, dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci da shige da fice ==
Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu da Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan bambancin launin fata.

Nuna wariya ronu ne zuwa babban kore da tsofo na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da shekarar 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF rufi (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan Isra'ila a cikin iska daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin Isra'ila. hana JNF hadarin da za a ba wa koyarwa ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2009 |title=Gender and employment [Areas of work&amp;#93; |url=http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427190455/http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |archive-date=27 April 2009 |access-date=2010-07-22 |publisher=Ilo.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba ma'aikatan Larabawa a Ma'aikatu daban-daban &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Ma'aikatar
!% Ma'aikatan Larabawa 
|-
|Lafiya
|7.2
|-
|Ilimi
|6.2
|-
|Adalci
|3.9
|-
|Masana'antu, Ciniki da Aiki
|3.4
|-
|Sufuri
|2.3
|-
|Gidaje
|1.3
|-
|Kudi
|1.2
|}
Duk da Dokar Aiki (1998), kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah ta ba da rahoton cewa 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila suna fuskantar nuna bambanci a cikin damar aiki, albashi da yanayi. Adalah ta kuma ba da rahoton cewa jihar Isra'ila kanta (mafi girman ma'aikaci a Isra'ila) ba ta aiwatar da wannan dokar ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Misali, 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila da ke aiki a matsayin masu kwangila a cikin gyare-gyare a cibiyoyin ilimi na Isra'ilawa suna ƙarƙashin iyakancewa wanda Yahudawa Isra'ilawa ba sa ƙarƙashin su. Wannan ya haɗa da buƙatar dan kwangila ya hayar mai tsaro mai dauke da makami a wurin aiki a kan kuɗin kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khromchenko |first=Yulie |date=Mar 28, 2005 |title=Adalah Accuses Education Min. of Employment Discrimination |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240112202842/https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |access-date=12 Jan 2024 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila waɗanda mata ne, nakasassu, ko asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka suna da damar yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan Isra'ila na asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka, ko kuma masu nakasa, suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau game da shigar jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Council for Higher Education |url=http://che.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A1-1-%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%93.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=Che.org.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ייצוג הולם בשירות המדינה |url=http://www.csc.gov.il/DataBases/NewsLetters/NL19/Pages/AdequateRepresentation.aspx |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haramcin Wariya a Samfura, Sabis da Shiga Wuraren Nishaɗi da Wuraren Jama'a Dokar ta hana waɗanda ke gudanar da wuraren jama'a, ko ba da sabis ko samfura, don nuna bambanci saboda launin fata, addini, ƙasa, da ƙasar asali, da sauran dalilai. Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2010 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama ga Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye, dokokin Isra'ila sun hana nuna bambanci a kan launin fata, kuma gwamnati ta aiwatar da wadannan haramcin yadda ya kamata.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2010 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413173255/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |archive-date=13 April 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015 |publisher=US Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba Ayyuka ta Sashen da Kabilanci (2008) &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Aiki
!Ma'aikatan Larabawa (%) 
!Ma'aikatan Yahudawa (%) 
|-
|Gine-gine (maza) 
|28.4
|5.4
|-
|Ma'aikata marasa ƙwarewa
|14.6
|6.4
|-
|Ayyukan kasuwanci
|5.6
|14.3
|-
|Matsayi na gudanarwa
|2.3
|7.3
|-
|Bankin, inshora, da kudi
|0.8
|4.3
|}

=== 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila ===
Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta B'Tselem ta yi iƙirarin cewa an hana Larabawa a Urushalima haƙƙin zama, wanda ya haifar da karancin gidaje a yankunan Larabawa na Urushalima.

Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ta tuhumi cewa rage tallafin tsofaffi da kuma alawus-alawus na yara bisa aikin soji na iyaye na nuna wariya ga yaran Larabawa: &quot;Raguwar za ta kuma shafi 'ya'yan iyayen Yahudawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wadanda ba sa aikin soja, amma sun cancanci karin tallafin, gami da karin ilimi, wanda ba a samu ga yaran Larabawa na Falasdinu ba.&quot;

A cewar rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam ga Isra'ila da Yankunan da aka mamaye, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta yi &quot;ƙananan don rage nuna bambanci na hukuma, shari'a, da al'umma ga' yan ƙasar Larabawa&quot;.  Rahotanni na shekaru masu zuwa sun kuma gano nuna bambanci ga' yan asalin Larabawa a matsayin matsala ga Isra'ilawa, amma ba ta sake maimaita da'ila ta ba don rage nuna rashin nuna bambanci ba. 

Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam  ya lura cewa:

* Asusun Ƙasar Yahudawa (JNF) yana sarrafa kashi 12.5 cikin 100 na ƙasar jama'a amma dokokinta sun hana siyarwa ko hayar ƙasa ga waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba. A watan Oktoba, kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama sun shigar da kara ga Babban Kotun Shari'a suna da'awar cewa sanarwar da Gwamnatin Ƙasar Isra'ila (ILA) ta yi game da ƙasar JNF ta nuna bambanci saboda ta haramta Larabawa daga yin tayin. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2005, babban lauya ya yanke hukuncin cewa &quot;gwamnati ba za ta iya nuna bambanci ga Larabawa na Isra'ila a cikin tallace-tallace da rarraba ƙasashen da take sarrafawa ba, gami da na JNF.
* Kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na Isra'ila da Larabawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnati ta fi ƙuntatawa wajen bayar da izinin gini ga al'ummomin Larabawa da ƙalubalanci manufofin rushe gine-gine ba bisa ka'ida ba a bangaren Larabawa, yana iyakance ci gaban al'umma.
* &quot;A watan Yuni, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukuncin cewa barin garuruwan Larabawa daga wasu tsare-tsare na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na gwamnati na nuna wariya.
* An ƙalubalanci Tsarin Jagora na 1996 na Arewacin Isra'ila a matsayin wariya. Abubuwan da suka fi ba da fifiko sun haɗa da &quot;ƙara yawan Yahudawa na Galili da kuma toshe yanki na garuruwan Larabawa.&quot;
* Keɓe daga aikin soja na wajibi, yawancin Larabawa Isra'ila don haka ba su da damar samun dama fiye da sauran 'yan ƙasa zuwa fa'idodin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin wanda aikin soja ya zama buƙatu ko fa'ida, kamar gidaje, tallafin sabbin gidaje, da aikin yi, musamman aikin masana'antu na gwamnati ko na tsaro. Kwamitin Ivri kan yi wa kasa hidima ya ba da shawarwari a hukumance ga gwamnati cewa a ba wa Larabawa Isra'ila damar yin hidimar kasa.
* &quot;A bisa wani bincike da jami'ar Haifa ta gudanar a shekara ta 2003, akwai wani hali na sanya wa 'yan kasar Larabawa hukuncin dauri fiye da na Yahudawa. Masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama sun yi ikirarin cewa 'yan kasashen Larabawa sun fi fuskantar hukuncin kisa da kuma hana a bayar da belinsu.&quot;
* Rahoton hukumar Or Commission kan kisan ‘yan sanda na masu zanga-zangar Isra’ila da Larabawa ya gano cewa “sakamakon sakaci da wariya” gwamnati na tafiyar da bangaren Larabawa, tare da rabo ko albarkatun da bai dace ba wanda ke haifar da “mummunan wahala” daga al’umma. Abubuwan da ke nuna damuwa sun haɗa da talauci, rashin aikin yi, ƙarancin ƙasa, matsalolin ilimi, da nakasa abubuwan more rayuwa.

Rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila ya rubuta cewa: &quot;Gwamnati gaba daya tana mutunta hakkin 'yan kasarta; duk da haka, an sami matsaloli a wasu bangarori, ciki har da ... nuna wariya na hukumomi, shari'a, da kuma al'umma ga al'ummar Larabawa na kasar.&quot;

A cikin wani rahoto da ya mika wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bedouin ya yi ikirarin cewa suna fuskantar wariya kuma ba a daukarsu a matsayin 'yan kasa daidai a Isra'ila kuma ba a ba wa garuruwan Badouin hidima iri daya ba ko kuma filayen garuruwan Yahudawa masu girman gaske, kuma ba a ba su damar samun ruwa mai kyau. Birnin Be'er Sheva ya ki amincewa da wani wuri mai tsarki na Bedouin, duk da shawarar da Babbar Kotun ta bayar.

''Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2007 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam''  ya lura cewa:

* &quot;A cewar wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005 a Jami'ar Ibraniyawa, an kashe kuɗi sau uku a cikin ilimin yara Yahudawa kamar yadda yara Larabawa.&quot;

A watan Satumbar shekarar 2010, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta amince da gyare-gyare ga dokokin zama ɗan ƙasa na ƙasar. Shirin dokar ya tilasta wa duk wanda ke neman zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ya yi rantsuwa da &quot;Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasar Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot;. Larabawa na Isra'ila da kuma ƙungiyoyin hagu na Isra'ilawa ciki har da shugaban jam'iyyar adawa ta Kadima Tzipi Livni sun soki gyaran sosai. Masanin ilimin halayyar ilimi na Isra'ila Farfesa Gavriel Solomon ya ce rantsuwar aminci ta yi kama da Dokokin Nuremberg . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 October 2010 |title=Israeli academic: Loyalty oath resembles racist laws of 1935 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/israeli-academic-loyalty-oath-resembles-racist-laws-of-1935-1.318275 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magoya bayan gyaran sun bayyana cewa wadanda ba Yahudawa ba ne wadanda suka zama 'yan ƙasa suna buƙatar fahimtar cewa &quot;Jihar Isra'ila ita ce furcin kasa na ƙaddamar da kai na mutanen Yahudawa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2012 |title=Identifying with Israel's national character |url=http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-EdContributors/Article.aspx?id=190897 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isra'ila ta haramta 'yan ƙasa daga ziyartar ƙasashen abokan gaba ba tare da izini ba, ƙuntataccen tafiye-tafiye wanda, a cikin shekarar 2015, ya haɗa da Siriya, Iraki, Iran, Lebanon, Yemen, da Saudi Arabia. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah ta yi iƙirarin cewa wannan yana nuna bambanci ga 'yan asalin Larabawa da Isra'ila, kuma hukumomi ba su tsare Yahudawa ba bayan dawowa daga tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashe marasa izini kamar yadda suka yi da Larabawa Isra'ilawa. Har ila yau, an soki Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Isra'ila saboda nuna bambancin launin fata na 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah tana riƙe da jerin dokoki sama da 50 da take da'awar nuna bambanci ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. A cikin shekara ta 2015, an yi la'akari da launin fata na 'yan asalin Larabawa ta hanyar jami'an tsaro da sauran' yan ƙasa, da kuma hare-haren fansa a kan Larabawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2016&quot; /&gt;

Since the outbreak of the Gaza war, Israel has carried out mass arrests and detentions of Palestinians and Arab Israelis, with thousands arrested or detained in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories. On 5 November 2023, [[CNN]] reported that &quot;dozens&quot; of Palestinian residents and Arab citizens of Israel were arrested in Israel for expressions of solidarity with the civilian population of Gaza, sharing [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Quran]] verses, or expressing &quot;any support for the Palestinian people&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kottasová |first=Ivana |last2=Saifi |first2=Zeena |date=2023-11-05 |title='The reaction is extreme': Palestinians fear arrest if they voice sympathy for Gaza civilians |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/05/middleeast/palestinians-israel-fear-arrest-gaza-intl-cmd/index.html |website=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Haaretz'' described the widespread targeting of Arab Israelis by Israeli security forces. Referring to &quot;hundreds&quot; of interrogations, ''El País'' reported on 11 November that Israel increasingly treats its Arab minority as a &quot;potential fifth column&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pita |first=Antonio |date=2023-11-11 |title=Israel aumenta el cerco a su minoría árabe |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2023-11-11/israel-aumenta-el-cerco-a-su-minoria-arabe.html |website=El País |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ayyuka masu kyau ====
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau a cikin buƙatun shiga jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;/&gt;

=== Baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba da masu neman mafaka ===
Isra'ila jam'iyya ce ta jihar da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin [[Sudan]]_refugees_in_Israel&quot; id=&quot;mwBWo&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Sudanese refugees in Israel&quot;&gt;'yan gudun hijira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 April 2011 |title=Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b73b0d63.pdf |access-date=5 December 2012 |publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila suna la'akari da tsarin mafaka na Isra'ilawa da rashin adalci, kuma yawan amincewa da 'yan gudun hijira ya fi ƙasa da kashi 1%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Until our hearts are completely hardened, Report on asylum procedures in Israel, Hotline for Migrant Workers, April 2012 |url=http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018173547/http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga shekara ta 2003, kimanin baƙi 70,000 ba bisa ka'ida ba daga kasashe daban-daban na Afirka sun haye zuwa Isra'ila. Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 600 daga yankin Darfur na Sudan an ba su matsayin mazauna wucin gadi don sabuntawa kowace shekara, kodayake ba matsayin' yan gudun hijira na hukuma ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ACRI.org.il |url=http://www.acri.org.il/pdf/refugees0209en.pdf |access-date=25 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba da wasu 'yan gudun hijira 2,000 daga rikici tsakanin [[Eritrea]] da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] matsayin mazaunin wucin gadi a kan dalilai na jin kai, kodayake Isra'ila ta fi son kada ta gane su a matsayin' yan gudun hijira.

A cikin wani labari na shekarar 2012, ''Reuters'' ta ruwaito, &quot;Isra'ila na iya ɗaure baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba har zuwa shekaru uku a ƙarƙashin dokar da aka fara aiki a ranar Lahadi, wani jami'in Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ce, wani mataki da aka yi niyyar hana kwararar 'yan Afirka da ke shiga Isra'ila a kan iyakar hamada da Masar.  Ministan cikin gida Eli Yishai ya ce, &quot;Me ya sa muka yi rashin lafiya da zukata masu zubar da jini, gami da 'yan siyasa. Ayyuka za su zama mafi yawa a nan za su sa su zama jarirai, kuma wannan tayin ya sa Sudan ya fice su gudu zuwa duniya, kuma ya sa su zama mafi yawanci, kuma ya zama' yan gudun hijira za su gudu, kuma ya haifar da yawa, kuma ya fice ga Yesu Yesu ya sa suka fice, kuma ya fito da yawa, za su zama' yan kasa, kuma ya sami mafaka za su zama 'yan gudun hijira' yan gudunya suka ficececece' yan gudun

A karkashin Dokar Rigakafin Kutse ta 2014, duk masu ketare kan iyaka da ba bisa ka'ida ba an ayyana su a matsayin &quot;masu kutse&quot; kuma ana iya tsare su a gidan yarin Saharonim na tsawon watanni uku &quot;domin tantancewa&quot; sannan kuma watanni 12 a wurin Holhot mai nisa. Kamfanin dillancin labaran iqna ya habarta cewa, ya nakalto daga shafin sadarwa na yanar gizo na Hotline na ‘yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure cewa hukumomi sun mayar da fiye da rabin mutanen da ake tsare da su na Holot zuwa Saharonim har na tsawon watanni da dama saboda wasu laifukan da suka saba wa doka. A wasu jerin hukunce-hukuncen da kotun kolin ta yanke, ta yi watsi da cewa za a iya tsare bakin haure har abada, ta kuma ba da umarnin sakin bakin haure 1,178 'yan kasashen Eritrea da Sudan da ake tsare da su sama da shekara guda ba tare da tuhume su ba. Gwamnati ta hana wadannan masu neman mafaka daga Tel Aviv ko Eilat, inda za su kasance suna da al'ummomin tallafi da kuma samun damar yin ayyukan jin kai.

Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, tun daga shekarar 2011 yanayin 'yan gudun hijira a Isra'ila ya tabarbare &quot;saboda amincewa da manufofi da dokoki da nufin dakile masu neman mafaka a nan gaba ta hanyar yin wahala ga wadanda ke cikin kasar. Wadannan ayyuka sun kara tauye 'yancin jama'a da kuma karfafa barin kasar.&quot; Gwamnati za ta yi wahala a nemi izinin zama ɗan gudun hijira yayin da ake tsare da ita na tsawon shekara guda, kuma da zarar an sake shi za ta buƙaci masu neman su ba da hujjar rashin neman izini tun da farko. Ana kiran masu neman mafaka &quot;masu kutse&quot; ta gwamnati da kafafen yada labarai, wadanda ke danganta su da karuwar laifuka, cututtuka, da zaman banza.

=== 'Yan Afirka na Isra'ila ===
A cewar BBC, Yahudawa na Habasha da ke zaune a Isra'ila sun daɗe suna gunaguni game da nuna bambanci. Sun gudanar da tarurruka bayan yarjejeniyar da masu mallakar gidaje a kudancin Isra'ila suka yi don kada su hayar ko sayar da dukiyarsu ga Yahudawa na asalin Habasha. Al'ummar Yahudawa na Habasha sun shiga cikin zanga-zangar bayan bidiyon da ya fito wanda ya nuna 'yan sanda biyu suna doke soja na Habasha da Isra'ila, Demas Fekadeh . &lt;ref name=&quot;clash&quot; /&gt; Duk da yake zanga-zangar da dubban masu zanga-zambe suka yi da farko ba ta da tashin hankali, rikice-rikice da 'yan sanda sun ci gaba. ACRI ta yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan sanda sun kasa gargadi masu zanga-zangar kafin yin amfani da matakan watsa jama'a, kuma amfani da su bai karu a hankali ba. Gwamnati ta sauke tuhumar da aka yi wa Fekadeh, ta kammala cewa bai fara rikici da ya haifar da duka ba.

== Ilimi ==
[[Fayil:GalilSchoolSign.jpg|thumb|Alama a gaban Makarantar Galil, makarantar firamare ta [[Larabawa]] da Yahudawa a Isra'ila.]]
Dokar Ƴancin Dalibai ta [[Isra'ila]] ta shekarar 2000 ta haramta nuna bambanci ga dalibai saboda dalilai na ɗarika a shigarwa ko fitarwa daga cibiyar ilimi, a cikin kafa tsarin karatun daban-daban ko gudanar da azuzuwan daban-daban a cikin wannan cibiyar ilimi guda, da kuma haƙƙoƙi da wajibai na ɗalibai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=חוק זכויות התלמיד באנגלית – Pupils' Rights Law |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/Zchuyot/ChukimVeamanot/Chukim/PupilsRightsLaw |access-date=16 May 2010 |publisher=Cms.education.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta aiwatar da wannan dokar, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar daga iyalan Orthodox waɗanda suka ki tura yaransu zuwa makarantu masu haɗin kai.
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

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An bayyana Isra'ila a cikin Sanarwar cewa 'yancin kai a matsayin &quot;jaha ta Yahudawa&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Avalon Project : Declaration of Israel's Independence 1948 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Avalon.law.yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; - an karɓi ma'anar doka &quot;Jiha ta Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot; a shekara ta 1985. Baya ga yawancin Yahudawa a yankin ban da [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Yankunan Palasdinawa]] da aka mamaye, Isra'ila gida ce ga 'yan tsiraru na addini da kabilanci, wasu daga cikinsu suna ba da rahoton nuna bambanci. A cikin yankunan Palasdinawa, Gwamnatocin Isra'ila da suka biyo baya sun fuskanci zargi na kasa da kasa daga wasu ƙasashe da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da na cikin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=Israel's apartheid against Palestinians |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Amnesty International]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shakir |first=Omar |date=2021-04-27 |title=A Threshold Crossed |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution |journal=[[Human Rights Watch]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Apartheid |url=https://www.btselem.org/topic/apartheid |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[B'Tselem]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ארכיון Settler Violence |url=https://www.yesh-din.org/en/category/settler-violence/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Yesh Din]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗaya daga cikin Dokokin Ƙananan na Isra'ila, wanda aka nufa don zama tushen kundin tsarin mulki na gaba,  Dokokin Ƙarshen: Darajar Dan Adam da 'Yanci, babban kayan aiki ne don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da' yancin jama'a a Jihar Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gavison |first=Ruth |year=1985 |title=The Controversy over Israel's Bill of Rights |journal=Israel Yearbook of Human Rights |volume=15 |pages=113–154}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah sun nuna cewa wannan dokar ba ta ƙunshi tanadi na gaba ɗaya don daidaito da rashin nuna bambanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inequality Report: The Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel - Adalah |url=https://www.adalah.org/en/content/view/7404 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.adalah.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, sun bayar da rahoton take hakkin bil'adama da kasar Isra'ila ke yi, musamman kan wasu tsiraru. Wadannan rahotanni sun hada da take hakkokin Falasdinawa, na ciki da wajen Isra'ila da kuma wasu kungiyoyi a Isra'ila.

Freedom House ya bayyana Isra'ila a matsayin 'yanci na siyasa da dimokuradiyya fiye da kasashe makwabta a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 January 2013 |title=US watchdog: Israel is Mideast's only 'free' state |url=https://www.jpost.com/National-News/US-watchdog-Israel-is-Mideasts-only-free-state |access-date=21 August 2018 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar na shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, Isra'ila na fuskantar manyan matsalolin kare hakkin bil'adama game da nuna wariya ga hukumomi a kan al'ummar Larabawa na Isra'ila (da yawa daga cikinsu suna bayyana kansu a matsayin Falasdinu), 'yan Isra'ila da mata na Habasha, da kuma kula da 'yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure. Sauran matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam sun haɗa da nuna wariyar hukuma ga Yahudawa waɗanda ba 'yan Orthodox ba da kuma iyalai masu aure, da cin zarafin ma'aikata a kan ma'aikatan kasashen waje.

== Tarihi ==
Majalisar Tarayyar Al'ummai ta amince da ƙuduri a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1931 game da yanayin da ake buƙata kafin a kawo ƙarshen mulkin. Sabuwar gwamnati ta samar da wata sanarwa ta baki ko rubuce-rubuce da ta amince da karɓar wajibin tabbatar da daidaito na kabilanci da addinai. Wannan ƙuduri ya biyo bayan tsohuwar doka ta duniya a lokuta inda manyan iko suka taimaka wajen maido da ikon mallakar yankin. Ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan &quot;Gwamnatin Falasdinu ta nan gaba&quot; ya ƙunshi duka shirin rabuwa da Shirin Kare Ƙananan .  Ya sanya 'yan tsiraru, mata, da' yancin addini a ƙarƙashin kariya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya. Shirin ya ba da takamaiman tabbacin haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali. Sabbin jihohin sun samar da sanarwa, wanda bisa ga abin da ya gabata ya yi daidai da yarjejeniya.&lt;ref&gt;See International Human Rights in Context, Henry J. Steiner, Philip Alston, Ryan Goodman, Oxford University Press US, 2008, {{ISBN|0-19-927942-X}}, page 100&lt;/ref&gt; Kudin ya bayyana cewa &quot;ka'idojin da ke cikin sanarwar an gane su a matsayin manyan dokoki na Jiha, kuma babu wata doka, ka'ida ko aikin hukuma da za su saba wa ko tsoma baki da waɗannan ka'idojin, kuma babu wani doka, ka-idaita ko aikin hukumi da zai mamaye su&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, November 29, 1947, C. Declarations |url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029150108/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |archive-date=29 October 2006 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanarwar kafa kasar Isra'ila ta yi shelar, a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1948, cewa &quot;haƙƙin Yahudawa na sake haifuwa na ƙasa a cikin ƙasarta&quot; an amince da shi a cikin sanarwar Balfour na 2 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1917, kuma an sake tabbatar da shi a cikin Umurnin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya wanda, musamman, ya ba da izini na kasa da kasa da Isra'ila ga Isra'ila da Isra'ila. hakkin Yahudawa na sake gina Gidansa na Ƙasa.&quot; Har ila yau, ta ayyana cewa kasar &quot;za ta kasance a bude don hijirar Yahudawa da kuma tattara 'yan gudun hijirar; za ta bunkasa ci gaban kasar don amfanin dukan mazaunanta; za ta kasance bisa 'yanci, adalci da zaman lafiya kamar yadda annabawan Isra'ila suka tsara; za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na zamantakewa da 'yancin siyasa ga dukan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini, addini ko jinsi ba; za ta ba da tabbaci ga harshe, yanci ko jinsi; kiyaye Wurare Mai Tsarki na dukan addinai; kuma zai kasance da aminci ga ƙa'idodin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.&quot;

Wasu malaman Burtaniya suna jayayya cewa Isra'ila ba ta cika wajibinta na kare haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru ba.&lt;ref&gt;Yvonne Schmidt, &quot;Foundations of Civil and Political Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories&quot;, GRIN Verlag, 2008, {{ISBN|3-638-94450-6}}, page 98&lt;/ref&gt;

Asalin Dokar Isra'ila: Mutuncin Dan Adam da 'Yanci, ya ce muhimman haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Isra'ila za a kiyaye su bisa ga ƙa'idodin da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar, amma ta keɓance musamman dokar da ta riga ta fara aiki. Masana harkokin shari'a na Isra'ila sun ce an yi amfani da kalmomin dokar ne don guje wa wahalar ba da fifiko ga daidaito, wanda ba a san shi ba. Sakamakon shi ne cewa za a iya jujjuya ƙa'idar daidaito ta hanyar doka ta yau da kullun, kuma ba za ta yi watsi da ka'idodin doka ko na alƙalai ba.

== Matsayi na 'yanci,' yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a a Isra'ila ==

=== 'Yancin zama ɗan ƙasa ===
Dokar kasa ta Isra'ila da Dokar Komawa, sun bambanta tsakanin Yahudawa Isra'ilawa da Falasdinawa Isra'ilawa ta hanyar sabunta ra'ayi na kasa yahudawa da ke bambanta da zama dan kasar Isra'ila. Duk da take, Dokar Ƙasa ba ta kafa ra'ayin ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ba, a maimakon haka tana danganta ɗan ƙasa da alaƙar addini.

Dokar Kasa ta ba da izinin Palasdinawa su zama 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila ne kawai idan sun kasance (ko kuma zuriyar waɗanda ke wurin) a Isra'ila tsakanin shekarar 1948 da shekarar 1952. Wadannan ƙuntatawa sun cire duk waɗanda aka kore su ko waɗanda suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 da zuriyarsu. Dokar Komawa ta tabbatar da haƙƙin kowane [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ya yi ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ta atomatik. Falasdinawa da zuriyarsu waɗanda aka kore su ko suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 an hana su wannan haƙƙin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Dokar zama dan kasa da shiga cikin Isra'ila (2003) ta hana Falasdinawa daga yankunan Falasdinawa da aka mamaye 'yancin samun matsayin zama na Isra'ila ko zama dan kasa, ko da a lokuta da suka yi aure da 'yan Isra'ila. Wannan haramcin ya ta'allaka ne kan dan kasa ba kan wani lamari na tsaro ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2008, Knesset ta amince da Dokar zama ɗan ƙasa (gyara Lamba 9) (Ikon soke zama ɗan ƙasa) (2008), wanda ke ba da damar soke zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila bisa ga &quot;cin amana&quot;. Musamman ma, keta amana na iya haɗawa da aikin zama a wasu ƙasashen Larabawa ko musulmi ko yankin Gaza. Wannan doka ta halatta soke zama ɗan ƙasa a kan haka ba tare da an yanke masa hukunci ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

=== Hakki da 'yanci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka yi ===
Binciken da Freedom House mai hedkwata a Amurka ya gudanar a shekara ta 2013, wanda ke kokarin auna irin dimokuradiyya da 'yancin siyasa a kowace kasa, ya sanya Isra'ila tare da Tunisiya a matsayin kasa daya tilo da ke da 'yanci a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;/&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''Rarrabawar Isra'ila, da yankunan da ta mamaye, ta Freedom House, The Economist Intelligence Unit da Transparency International'''
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
!Kasar / Ƙungiya - NGO
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Gidan 'Yanci
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sashin leken asiri na tattalin arziki
!Bayyanawa ta Duniya
|-
!Rahoton-Ranking
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'Yanci a Duniya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lissafin Dimokuradiyya
!Rashin fahimta na cin hanci da rashawa
|-
!
!Rarraba 'yanci, Wani bangare na 'yanci&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;'Yanci'&lt;/span&gt;, Wani ɓangare na' Yanci, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Ba 'Yanci ba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
![[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|'Yancin siyasa]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[Ƴancin Jama'a|'Yancin Jama'a]]&lt;br /&gt;
!Dimokuradiyya Rarraba Dimokuradiya Cikakken Dimokuradiyar, Dimokuradiyan da ba su da kyau, Tsarin Mulki&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Cikakken dimokuradiyya&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#cfc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Dimokuradiyya mara kyau&lt;/span&gt;, Tsarin Mulki na Hybrid, Tsarin Mulki&lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Tsarin mulki na mulkin mallaka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!Cikakken Sakamakon
!Ra'ayoyin cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Isra'ila
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |'Yanci'
|1
|2
| style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot; |Dimokuradiyya mara kyau
|7.79
|6.0
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |Ba 'Yanci ba
|6
|6
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|}

; Bayani
:

* Ta hanyar Freedom House 2009 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Map of Freedom in the World |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&amp;year=2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ga 'yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a, 1 yana wakiltar mafi kyawun kyauta kuma 7 mafi ƙarancin kyauta.
* Bisa ga The Economist Intelligence Unit 2010 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Democracy Index 2010 |url=http://graphics.eiu.com/PDF/Democracy_Index_2010_web.pdf |access-date=2 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cikakken dimokuradiyya suna da jimlar 10 zuwa 8, dimokuradiyar da ba ta dace ba tana da jimlar 7.9 zuwa 6, gwamnatocin haɗin gwiwa suna da jimillar 5.9 zuwa 4, kuma gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna da jimla daga 3.9 zuwa 1. Matsayin dimokuradiyya ya fi girma yayin da ci ya karu.
* Dangane da ƙididdigar cin hanci da rashawa ta duniya ta shekara-shekara,  ci ya kasance daga 10 (mai tsabta) zuwa 0 (mai cin hanci).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=2008 Corruption Perceptions Index |url=http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311002755/http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |archive-date=11 March 2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |website=Transparency International Annual Report |publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun soki gwamnatin Isra'ila saboda kai hari ga kungiyoyin farar hula da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila (ACRI), babbar kungiyar 'yancin jama'a ta Isra'ila, jerin kokarin gwamnatin Isra'ila a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun kai hari kan kungiyoyin fararen hula na Isra'ila da Kotun Koli na Isra'ila. Rahoton ACRI na Disamba 2017 ya gabatar da abin da yake kallo a matsayin misalan harin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ci gaba da kai wa dimokuradiyyar Isra'ila, 'yancin ɗan adam, 'yancin yin zanga-zanga, mutunta kimar daidaici, da 'yancin siyasa, zamantakewa da 'yan tsiraru. Wannan yanayin a Isra'ila an kira shi &quot;rashin bin tsarin mulki&quot; ta wasu masu sharhi na shari'a.

=== Zaben, jam'iyyun siyasa, da wakilci ===
A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan Isra'ila, &quot;Dokar ta bai wa 'yan kasar damar zabar gwamnatinsu a zabukan lokaci-lokaci na 'yanci da adalci bisa tsarin zabe na bai daya, kuma 'yan kasar sun yi amfani da wannan damar.&quot; Zaɓen da aka gudanar a watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2015 an yi la'akari da shi cikin 'yanci da adalci a wurin masu sa ido. An soki sauyin da aka yi a matakin zabe da cewa ya takaita wakilcin kananan jam’iyyu, musamman ma da ke shafar tsirarun Larabawa. Wannan ya sa jam'iyyu hudu masu rinjaye na Larabawa suka hade waje daya, wato Joint List, wanda ya samu kujeru 13, ya kuma zama bangare na uku mafi girma a majalisar Knesset. Galibin Falasdinawa a yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye na rayuwa ne a karkashin mamayar Isra'ila kuma ba 'yan kasar Isra'ila ba ne. Ba a yarda su kada kuri'a a Isra'ila ba.

Doka ta asali: Knesset (1958) da gyare-gyaren da suka biyo baya sun hana jerin jam'iyyun tsayawa takara a majalisar Knesset idan manufofinta ko ayyukanta sun hada da &quot;kyau da wanzuwar kasar Isra'ila a matsayin kasar Yahudawa&quot;. Cibiyar shari'a ta Isra'ila Adalah ta bayyana cewa &quot;wannan dokar ta hana yin amfani da 'yancin yin siyasa cikin 'yanci, ciki har da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da shiga siyasa. Ana amfani da ita sau da yawa don ƙoƙarin hana jam'iyyun siyasa na Larabawa da 'yan majalisar dokoki don neman canza yanayin kasa ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, alal misali, zuwa wata ƙasa da ta dogara da cikakken daidaito na farar hula da na kasa wanda ba ya ba da fifiko ga wata ƙungiya ta kasa fiye da ɗayan, har ma da toshe muhawara kan irin waɗannan shawarwari.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Mata sun fuskanci manyan matsalolin al'adu a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa masu wakiltar ƙungiyoyin addini masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma, a ƙaramin mataki, tsirarun Larabawa. A zaben 2015, Knesset mai mambobi 120 na da mambobi mata 29 da mambobi Larabawa 15. An nada mata uku a majalisar ministocin, kuma a karon farko, wata Balarabe Isra'ila ta jagoranci wani kwamiti na dindindin.

=== 'Yanci na addini ===
[[Fayil:Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg|left|thumb|Ganuwar Yamma, [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]]]]
Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2009 kan Isra'ila da yankunan da ta mamaye, &quot;Dokar Isra'ila ta Bada 'Yanci da Mutunci da 'Yanci ta tanadi 'yancin yin ibada kuma gabaɗaya Gwamnati na mutunta wannan hakki a aikace.&quot; Rahoton ya kara da cewa &quot;Manufar gwamnati ta ci gaba da goyon bayan gudanar da harkokin addini na 'yanci, duk da cewa ana ci gaba da nuna wariya na gwamnati da na shari'a ga wadanda ba Yahudawa ba da kuma na addinin Yahudanci ba&quot; kuma &quot;Yahudawa da yawa 'yan kasar sun ki amincewa da ikon Orthodox na keɓance kan muhimman al'amuran rayuwarsu.&quot; Rahoton ya bayyana cewa kimanin ‘yan kasar 310,000 da suka yi hijira zuwa Isra’ila a karkashin dokar komowa, ba mabiya addinin Orthodoks ke daukar Yahudawa ba, don haka ba za a iya aure ko a sake su ba, ko kuma a binne su a makabartun Yahudawan da ke cikin kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite report|last1=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan samun iko da Yammacin Kogin a shekarar 1967, Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin musulmi damar shiga masallatai, gami da [[Al-Aqsa]], da kuma damar Kirista zuwa majami'u. Isra'ila ta ba da kariya ga wuraren addini na addinan da ba na Yahudawa ba; mafi shahararren Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila (IDF) sun kama wani mutum wanda ya sanar da su shirinsa na kai hari Masallacin Al-Aqsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2006 |title=Police arrest J'lem rabbi who threatened to carry out terror attack on Temple Mount |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/770846.html |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu lokuta, bukukuwan kwanaki masu tsarki ta addinai daban-daban suna da damar haifar da rikici; don haka 'yan sanda na Isra'ila suna daukar matakai don kauce wa rikici tsakanin al'ummomi ta hanyar bayar da ƙuntatawa na wucin gadi kan motsi  da bautar da ake ji. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 September 2006 |title=Restrictions on Old City Jews During Ramadan – Inside Israel – Israel News |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=112595 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar wani rahoto na shekara ta 2009 daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Ofishin Demokraɗiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam, da Kwadago, Isra'ila ta gaza kasancewa al'umma mai juriya ko jam'i. A cewar rahoton, Isra'ila na nuna wariya ga Musulmai, Shaidun Jehobah, Yahudawa masu kawo sauyi, Kirista, mata da kuma Badawiyya. Dukkan wurare 137 masu tsarki da Isra'ila ta amince da su Yahudawa ne, suna yin watsi da kuma yin watsi da wuraren Kirista da na Musulmi, duk da Dokar Kare Wuraren Tsarkakewa ta 1967 da aka yi niyya don kare dukkan wurare masu tsarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 February 2009 |title=2008 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226174854/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |archive-date=26 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=[[US Department of State]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Baha'i|Bangaskiyar Bahá'í]] (a cikin 1960) tana kula da wurin zama na hukumomin su, Gidan Shari'a na Duniya, a Haifa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Baháʼí World Centre |url=http://www.bahai.org/dir/bwc |access-date=31 July 2006 |publisher=[[Baháʼí International Community]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] yana aiki a matsayin addini a Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Diamond Way Buddhism in Israel |url=http://www.buddhism.org.il/?newlang=english |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Diamond Way Buddhism}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Buddhanet's Middle East Buddhist Directory: Israel |url=http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm#israel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627120448/http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm |archive-date=27 June 2006 |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta wallafa nazarin tashin hankali na zamantakewa ta ƙasa. Cibiyar Hostilities Index (SHI) tana auna ayyukan ƙiyayya ta addini ta mutane, ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyin jama'a. &quot;Wannan ya haɗa da taron jama'a ko tashin hankali na ɗarika, cin zarafi kan tufafi saboda dalilai na addini, da sauran tsoratar da addini ko cin zarafi. &quot;  A cikin shekarar 2007, Isra'ila tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 10 da ke da maki sama da 7.1 a sikelin 10; a cikin 2010, Isra'ila da yankunan Palasdinawa sun kasance biyu daga cikin yankuna 15 da ke da mafi girman ƙimar SHI.&lt;ref name=&quot;pewforum.org&quot; /&gt;

=== Dokokin aure da saki ===
Ma'aurata da ke son yin aure na iya yin hakan ne kawai ta hanyar bikin addini, idan Yahudawa, [[Aure a Musulunci|Musulmi]], Kirista, ko wasu. Ma'aurata marasa addini, tun daga shekara ta 2014, na iya samun wani nau'in auren farar hula a Isra'ila, kuma su sami [[Relationships Card|Katin Dangantaka]] ta sabuwar kungiyar da ke canza matsayinsu ga ma'aurata, kuma suna ba su duk hakkokin da suka fito daga gare ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=רשומות הכנסת, קובץ התקנות, 7326, הודעת ברית הזוגיות לחסרי דת (אגרות), התשע&quot;ד-2014. עמוד 486. |url=http://www.justice.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/97DAEDE3-9271-40E7-ADF9-4C91058FAF75/42863/7326.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=משפחה חדשה |url=http://www.news1.co.il/uploadFiles/543728053569794.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=News1.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2014 |title=לראשונה: תעודת הזוגיות של &quot;משפחה חדשה&quot; הוכרה כנישואים |url=http://www.mako.co.il/pride-news/local/Article-bf5f377c4709a41006.htm |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Mako.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aure na doka na yau da kullun yana ba ma'aurata hakkoki iri ɗaya da ma'auratan ke morewa. 'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila na iya tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje don auren farar hula, wanda ke da alhakin a ƙarƙashin dokar Isra'ila.

A lokacin Al-Aqsa Intifada a shekara ta 2003, Knesset ta yi gyare-gyare na wucin gadi ga Dokar 'yan kasa da shiga cikin Dokar Isra'ila wanda ya hana Palasdinawa da suka yi aure ga Isra'ilawa samun'ila ko zama. Masu sukar suna jayayya cewa dokar wariyar launin fata ce saboda an yi niyya ne ga Larabawa na Isra'ila waɗanda ke da yiwuwar samun ma'aurata Palasdinawa fiye da sauran Isra'ilawa; masu kare sun ce dokar tana da niyyar hana hare-haren ta'addanci da kiyaye halin Yahudawa na Isra'ilawa. Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambanci tsakanin launin fata ya amince da ƙuduri cewa dokar Isra'ila ta keta yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya game da wariyar launin fata. Jakadan Isra'ila a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva, [[Yaakov Levy]], ya ce ƙudurin &quot;ya kasance mai zurfi na siyasa&quot;, yana mai nuna rashin nasarar kwamitin na ba da buƙatar Isra'ila don gabatar da shaidar &quot;biyan dokar da ke cikin dokar kasa da kasa da kuma aiki&quot;, misalai na &quot;batutuwa masu yawa [inda] ba da matsayin doka ga matan Palasdinawa na mazaunan Isra'ila  yi amfani da shi da mazaunan Palasdinawa don Ta'addanci na kashe kansa&quot;, da kuma watsi da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Turai batun ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Babban Kotun Isra'ila.[was]

Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI) ta shigar da takarda don a soke dokar  amma Kotun Koli ta amince da ita a shekara ta 2006.  A cikin tsara dokar, gwamnati ta ambaci, &quot;bayanan da jami'an tsaro suka gabatar, wanda ya ce kungiyoyin ta'addanci suna ƙoƙarin tattara Palasdinawa waɗanda suka riga sun karɓi ko za su karɓi takardun Isra'ila kuma cewa jami'an tsaron suna da wahalar rarrabe tsakanin Palasdinawa da za su iya taimaka wa 'yan ta'adda da waɗanda ba za su ba&quot;. A cikin hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila game da wannan al'amari, Mataimakin Babban Alkalin Shari'a Mishael Cheshin ya yi jayayya cewa, &quot;yan ƙasar Isra'ila  jin daɗin haƙƙin tsarin mulki don kawo ɗan ƙasar waje zuwa Isra'ila... kuma haƙƙin - ƙari, wajibi ne - na jihar, na kowace jiha, don kare mazaunanta daga waɗanda ke son cutar da su. &quot;

A shekara ta 2009, Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka na Dimokuradiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ayyuka sun soki rashin auren farar hula da saki a Isra'ila ga baƙi waɗanda ba a dauke su Yahudawa a ƙarƙashin dokar rabbi ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Human rights activists have criticised Israel's stay of exit order, saying it unfairly targets divorced men by preventing them from leaving the country indefinitely until they settle the full child support arrears of their children until age 18. While this could easily amount to obligations in the millions of US dollars, even a US$100 debt can trigger a stay of exit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CCF Israel Report of the Israeli Civil Society |url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=tbinternet.ohchr.org |publisher=ccfisrael.org |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106020129/https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The men are required to pay 100% or more of their income, and are jailed for 21 days each time they miss a monthly payment. In 2021, it was reported that an Australian man who was divorced from his Israeli wife was detained from leaving the country in 2013, with the stay of exit being in force until 31 December 9999, or until he paid $3 million in child support arrears. Marianne Azizi, British journalist and head of Coalition of the Children and Families in Israel (CCF), estimated that hundreds more Australians were trapped in the country as a result of the stay of exit. She had been informed by British Embassy officials in Tel Aviv that 100 British nationals per month had been reaching out to them for help in getting out of the country.&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian&quot; /&gt;

A watan Maris na 2019, Azizi ta ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu a Geneva game da take hakkin dan Adam da ta ci gaba da kasancewa sakamakon kai tsaye sakamakon ka'idojin tallafawa yara kanana a Isra'ila, tana mai cewa &quot;... Rayuwar ubanni sama da 2,000 a kashe kansu yana da tsada&quot;. Ta ce Isra'ilawa ba sa bayar da rahoton take hakin bil'adama saboda tsoron &quot;sakamako&quot;, kamar yadda wasu masu fafutuka suka kwace musu 'ya'yansu. Lauyan Mickey Givati, wanda ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya ya ba shi izinin taimakawa baki daga Isra'ila, ya shaida cewa an sanya na'urorin bin diddigin a cikin motarsa da gidansa da kuma wayarsa, kuma an ajiye 'ya'yansa a wani matsuguni ba bisa ka'ida ba.

=== Tsarin shari'a da shari'ar aikata laifuka ===
Dokar Isra'ila ta tanadi 'yancin yin shari'a ta gaskiya da kuma shari'a mai zaman kanta. Rahoton da Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra’ila ya nuna cewa a wasu lokuta kotuna suna yanke hukunci a kan bangaren zartarwa, ciki har da wasu shari’o’in tsaro. Kungiyoyin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam sun yi imanin ana mutunta wadannan bukatu gaba daya. Tsarin yana da adawa kuma ƙwararrun alkalai ne ke yanke hukunci. Wadanda ake tuhuma marasa galihu suna samun wakilci na tilas. Wasu yankunan kasar na karkashin ikon shari'a daban-daban na kotunan soji. An yi imanin cewa waɗannan kotuna sun yi daidai da sauran kotunan laifuka na Isra'ila kan batutuwan da suka shafi fararen hula. Ba za a iya yanke hukunci a waɗannan kotuna bisa ikirari kaɗai ba.

=== Hukuncin kisa ===
A halin yanzu dai dokar Isra'ila ta ba da damar yanke hukuncin kisa kan manyan laifukan da aka aikata a lokacin yaki, amma an soke shi a lokacin zaman lafiya. Laifukan da ake aikatawa a lokacin yaƙi sun haɗa da kisan kiyashi, laifuffukan da ake yi wa Yahudawa, laifuffukan cin zarafin ɗan adam, da laifukan yaƙi. Mutum daya tilo da aka taba yankewa hukuncin kisa bayan an same shi da laifi a wata kotun farar hula ta Isra’ila shi ne mai laifin yakin Nazi Adolf Eichmann .

=== 'Yancin fursunoni ===
B'Tselem ta ruwaito cewa an yi ta azabtar da mutanen da ba a zarginsu da aikata laifuka, wadanda suka hada da malaman addini, shehunai da malaman addini, masu fafutuka a kungiyoyin agaji, da daliban Musulunci. Sauran da za a azabtar da su sun hada da ’yan’uwa da sauran dangin mutanen da aka lissafa a matsayin wadanda ake so da kuma duk wani Bafalasdine a cikin aikin injiniya. A wasu lokutan kuma, an kama matan da ake tsare da su tare da wulakanta su don kara matsa wa mazajensu. Jami’an ISA a wasu lokutan suna azabtar da Falasdinawa domin daukar su a matsayin masu hada kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Background of the High Court of Justice's Decision |url=http://www.btselem.org/torture/background |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

B'Tselem ta kiyasta cewa ISA na yin tambayoyi tsakanin Falasdinawa 1,000 zuwa 1,500 a kowace shekara kuma tana amfani da hanyoyin da za su zama azabtarwa ga wasu kashi 85 cikin 100 na su, akalla mutane 850 a shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;/&gt;

[[Amnesty International]] ta kuma bayar da rahoton yin amfani da azabtarwa ga fursunonin Palasdinawa, tare da tsare-tsare, ba tare da shari'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Human rights in Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty ta ruwaito cewa an tsare Palasdinawa sama da 2,200 daga yankin Yammacin da aka mamaye a watan farko na Yaƙin Gaza na shekarar 2023. Bayanai da rikodin bidiyo sun nuna azabtar da fursunoni, gami da mummunan duka da wulakanci ga fursunoni.  Ta hanyar tilasta musu su sa kawunansu su kwanta, su durƙusa a ƙasa yayin ƙididdigar fursunoni&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=Israel/OPT: Horrifying cases of torture and degrading treatment of Palestinian detainees amid spike in arbitrary arrests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/11/israel-opt-horrifying-cases-of-torture-and-degrading-treatment-of-palestinian-detainees-amid-spike-in-arbitrary-arrests/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani rahoto na shekara ta 1978 daga karamin ofishin jakadancin da ke birnin Kudus ya bayyana shari’ar sojan da aka yi wa wasu matasa ‘yan kasar Amurka guda biyu wadanda suka ba da rahoton cewa mahukuntan Isra’ila sun yi amfani da karfin tuwo wajen samun ikirari daga wajensu. Rahoton ya kammala da cewa hukumomin Isra'ila na sane da cewa mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da &quot;tilastawa ta jiki da musgunawa&quot; wajen samun ikirari.

Hukumar Landau ta shekarar 1987, karkashin jagorancin mai shari'a Moshe Landau na Kotun Koli, an nada ta ne domin ta binciki hanyoyin tambayoyi na Hukumar Tsaron Isra'ila (ISA) kuma ta ce &quot;ba za a iya guje wa yin matsananciyar matsin lamba ba&quot;. Duk da haka, hukumar ta yi Allah wadai da wata takarda ta cikin gida ta shekarar 1982 wadda ta umurci masu yin tambayoyi kan irin karyar da ya kamata su yi a kotu lokacin da suke musanta cewa za su yi amfani da karfin jiki wajen samun ikirari. Ta yi Allah-wadai da shedar karya da abin ya shafa amma ta ba da shawarar a guji hukunta wadanda suka aikata ta. Sashi na biyu na rahoton Landau ya kasance sirri ne, an yi imanin cewa yana ɗauke da ƙa'idodin hanyoyin tambayoyi da aka halatta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Landau Commission examined interrogation methods |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/Torture/Background.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hukumar Landau ta kai ga daruruwan korafe-korafe da Falasdinawa da ake tsare da su suka yi na korafin cewa an yi amfani da karfi a kansu a lokacin da ISA ke yi musu tambayoyi. A cikin keɓantattun shari'o'i, an ba da umarnin wucin gadi na ɗan lokaci da ke hana ISA amfani da duka ko wasu hanyoyin, amma a watan Satumba na 1999, Kotun Koli ta ƙi yanke hukunci ko suna da doka a ƙarƙashin dokokin Isra'ila da na duniya.

A cikin 1994, Rahoton Kwanturolan Jiha (wanda aka fitar a taƙaitaccen tsari a cikin Fabrairu 2000) ya gano cewa hanyoyin tambayoyin ISA sun saba wa doka, ƙa'idodin Hukumar Landau, da ƙa'idodin cikin gida wanda sabis ɗin kansa ya tsara.

A watan Yulin shekarar 2002, ''Haaretz'' ya nakalto wani babban jami'in ISA yana cewa, tun lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke shawara, an bayyana Falasdinawa 90 a matsayin &quot;bamai masu saurin kai&quot; da kuma &quot;hanyar tambayoyi masu ban mamaki, &quot;watau azabtarwa, an yi amfani da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ha'aretz quoted a senior GSS official |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/torture/ |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran masu tambayoyin Isra'ila sun yarda cewa ISA &quot;tana amfani da duk wani magudi mai yiwuwa, har zuwa girgiza da bugawa. &quot; Yawancin bayanan daga Falasdinawa sun tabbatar da cewa azabtarwa har yanzu yana cikin tambayoyin Israʼila. 

According to a 2011 report by two Israeli human rights organisations, the Public Committee Against Torture (PCAT) and Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), Israeli doctors fail to report suspected torture and conceal related information, allowing Israeli Security Agency interrogators to use torture against Palestinian detainees.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harriet Sherwood |date=3 November 2011 |title=Israeli doctors 'failing to report torture of Palestinian detainees' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/03/israeli-doctors-report-torture-palestinian |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, wata doka ta ba da izinin tilasta ciyar da fursunoni masu fama da yunwa. Koyaya, Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Isra'ila ta bayyana dokar ba ta da kyau kuma ta bukaci likitoci da su ƙi aiwatar da ita.

==== Shirye-shiryen ilimi ====
Ana ba fursunoni damar ɗaukar darussan kan layi daga Open University of Israel, da kuma kammala digiri na ilimi. Wannan ba haƙƙin da aka ba shi ba ne amma fa'ida, dangane da halin kirki, tare da hukumomin kurkuku suna biyan kuɗin karatunsu na jami'a. Darussan suna cikin fannoni na: bil'adama, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, gudanarwa, ilimin halayyar dan adam da kimiyyar siyasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;knesset.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yaniv Ronen |date=28 November 2012 |title=לימודים אקדמיים של אסירים ביטחוניים |trans-title=Academic studies of security prisoners |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504160748/https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2015 |language=he}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar ita ce ta ba fursunoni kayan aiki don magance rayuwa a waje, don haka bayan an sake su daga kurkuku za su sami ilimi mai dacewa don taimaka musu samun aiki, da kuma hana su komawa rayuwar aikata laifuka.

==== Fursunoni na siyasa ====
A cikin shekarar 2011, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-Moon ya ce Isra'ila ta tsare dubban Palasdinawa a matsayin fursunonin siyasa, kuma ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta sake su. Ban ya ce sakin fursunonin siyasa zai &quot;yi aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar gina amincewa&quot; kuma ya bunkasa damar zaman lafiya a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 March 2011 |title=United Nations News Centre |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=37698&amp;Cr=palestin&amp;Cr1 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=UN News Service Section}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty International ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta saki fursunonin siyasa, tana mai cewa &quot;duk fursunonin siyasar da aka tsare ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba ya kamata a yi musu shari'a a shari'a ko kuma a sake su nan da nan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press Releases |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603062041/http://amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |archive-date=3 June 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

John Dugard ya kwatanta zaman kurkukun da Isra'ila ke yi wa Falasdinawa da manufofin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, yana mai cewa &quot;'Yan sandan tsaron wariyar launin fata sun aiwatar da azabtarwa sosai, haka ma jami'an tsaron Isra'ila. Akwai fursunonin siyasa da dama a tsibirin Robben amma akwai karin fursunonin siyasa na Falasdinawa a gidajen kurkukun Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=John Dugard |title=Apartheid and the occupation of Palestine |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/11/201111395153781378.html |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Tsayar da gudanarwa =====
Tsayawa na gudanarwa hanya ce da ake tsare fursunoni ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba. An ba da izinin hukunce-hukuncen ta hanyar umarnin gudanarwa daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Isra'ila ko kwamandojin soja na Isra'ila. [[Amnesty International]] ta yi imanin cewa aikin ya karya Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa wanda &quot;ya bayyana cewa babu wanda ya kamata a tsare shi da gangan kuma cewa hana 'yanci dole ne ya dogara da dalilai da hanyoyin da doka ta kafa&quot;. Amnesty International ta kuma damu da cewa fursunonin lamiri suna &quot;tsare ne kawai don yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya ba tare da tashin hankali ba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 1997 |title=Administrative detention: Despair, uncertainty and lack of due process |url=http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES\ISRAEL\OCCUPIED+TERRITORIES |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922021743/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES%5CISRAEL%5COCCUPIED%2BTERRITORIES |archive-date=22 September 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar B'Tselem a halin yanzu akwai Falasdinawa 645 da ke tsare a karkashin tsare-tsare ta Isra'ila da kuma 105 ta IDF. Yawancin ana kiyaye su a Yammacin Kogin Yamma a sansanin Soja na Ofer ko a sansanin soja na Ansar 3 / Ketziot a cikin hamadar Negev . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 July 2006 |title=Administrative Detention |url=http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824195154/http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |archive-date=24 August 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Shirye-shiryen ilimi a kurkuku don tsare-tsare =====
A shekara ta 2009, akwai fursunonin Palasdinawa 250 da ke karatu a Jami'ar Isra'ila. A watan Yunin shekarar 2011, Firayim Minista Benjamin Netanyahu ya sanar, don mayar da martani ga dakatar da tattaunawar zaman lafiya, cewa ba za a ba fursunonin Palasdinawa damar neman digiri na ilimi a kurkuku ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Barak Ravid |date=23 June 2011 |title=Netanyahu: Israel to toughen conditions of Palestinian prisoners |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/netanyahu-israel-to-toughen-conditions-of-palestinian-prisoners-1.369269 |access-date=16 May 2012 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshen shekara ta 2012, fursunoni uku sun daukaka kara ga Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya ki amincewa da roko. A cikin hukunce-hukuncen su, alƙalai sun bayyana cewa haƙƙin samun ilimi na jami'a kyauta bai shafi waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci na laifuffukan ta'addanci ba. Hukuncin, duk da haka, ya yi kira ga hukumomin kurkuku da su &quot;yi la'akari&quot; da yanke shawara game da shari'o'in fursunoni da suka riga sun kasance a tsakiyar shirye-shiryen ilimi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 December 2012 |title=Court: End of Free College for Terrorists |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/163549 |access-date=24 March 2014 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 'Yanci na magana da kafofin watsa labarai ===
[[Fayil:Israeli_Press_1949.jpg|thumb|Sashe na jaridu na Isra'ila a cikin 1949.]]
Censorship a Isra'ila ana gudanar da shi ne a hukumance ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila, wani sashi a cikin gwamnatin Isra'ila wanda aka ba shi aiki a hukumance don aiwatar da censorship na kariya game da buga bayanan da zasu iya shafar tsaro Isra'ila. Babban mai binciken Isra'ila ne ke jagorantar hukumar, jami'in soja wanda Ministan Tsaro na Isra'ila ya nada, wanda ya ba Babban mai binciken ikon hana bayanan da ya ga ya dace da kasancewa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aluf Benn |date=July–August 2001 |title=Israel: Censoring the past |url=http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619213158/http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences |publisher=University of Maryland}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=P.R. Kumaraswamy |date=September 1998 |title=India and Israel: Evolving Strategic Partnership |url=http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/publications/40pub.html |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Mideast Security and Policy Studies |publisher=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamar Shirin [[makaman nukiliya]] na Isra'ilawa da ayyukan soja na Isra'il a waje da iyakokinta. A matsakaici, labaran jarida 2240 a Isra'ila suna tantancewa ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila a kowace shekara, kusan 240 daga cikinsu a cikakke, kuma kusan 2000 a wani ɓangare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2021 |title=נתונים חדשים חושפים טפח מאחורי הקלעים של יחסי הצנזורה הצבאית והעיתונות הישראלית |url=https://www.the7eye.org.il/419412 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=העין השביעית |language=he-IL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dole ne a gabatar da labarai game da batutuwan da za su iya kawo rigima ga Mai binciken Sojojin Isra'ila a gaba; rashin yin hakan na iya sa mai ba da rahoto ya rasa damarsa na aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Isra'ila  kuma, game da manema labarai na ƙasashen waje, a hana shi daga ƙasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;BBCsorry&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2005 |title=BBC says sorry to Israel |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/mar/12/israel.broadcasting |website=the Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Matar |first=Haggai |date=2020-03-09 |title=IDF censor redacted two thousand news items in 2019 |url=https://www.972mag.com/idf-censor-israeli-media-2019/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=+972 Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=IDF Military Censor banned nearly 300 articles last year |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/idf-military-censor-banned-nearly-300-articles-last-year-562318 |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila, &quot;doka ta tanadi 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da 'yan jarida, kuma gaba daya gwamnati na mutunta wadannan hakkoki a aikace idan aka yi la'akari da takunkumin da ya shafi tsaro.&quot; Dokar ta tanadi 'yancin yin taro da ƙungiyoyi, kuma gabaɗaya gwamnati na mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a aikace.

Wasu jami'an gwamnati da wasu na sukar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da Isra'ila ke da shi a lokacin da suke gudun hijira daga [[zirin Gaza]] da yammacin kogin Jordan. Wannan ya haifar da sukar da ake cewa &quot;Hukumomi sun dauki matakan da ba su dace ba, tare da cin zarafin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da zanga-zangar siyasa ba tare da wani dalili ba.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;acri&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=ACRI Report Slashes Civil Rights Abuses and Privatization |url=http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060622145646/http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-date=22 June 2006 |access-date=28 July 2006 |website=Annual Report on Israel |publisher=The Association for Civil Rights in Israel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Isra'ila, manufofin gwamnatinta suna fuskantar zargi daga manema labarai da kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban na siyasa, haƙƙin ɗan adam da masu sa ido,   wadanda suka hada da Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI), B'Tselem, Machsom Watch, Mata a cikin Baƙar fata da Mata don Isra'ila Gobe. A cewar kungiyar 'yancin' yan jarida Reporters Without Borders, &quot;Kafofin yada labarai na Isra'ila sun sake kasancewa a cikin shekarar 2005 wadanda kawai ke da' yancin gaske don yin magana. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Israel – Annual report 2006 |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181318/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=12 August 2006 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, a cikin 2010, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da ke aiki a Isra'ila suka koka game da mummunan yanayi a kasar, kuma sun ce suna fuskantar hari saboda sukar manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyoyin sun ce wasu shugabannin Isra'ila suna ganin zargi da kare hakkin dan adam a matsayin barazana ga halattacciyar Isra'ila, musamman bayan Zargin laifukan yaki da sojojin Isra'ila game da Yakin Gaza (2008-09). 

A shekara ta 2009, Isra'ila ta kasance ta 93 a cikin Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index, daga shekarar da ta gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Reporters Without Borders – Press Freedom Index 2009 |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2013, Isra'ila ta sauka zuwa 112 daga cikin kasashe 179 a cikin Freedom Index na jarida. 'Yan jarida ba tare da iyaka ba sun bayyana cewa canjin ya faru ne saboda ayyukan Isra'ila a cikin Operation Pillar of Defense lokacin da ta ce &quot;Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila da gangan sun kai hari kan' yan jarida da gine-gine inda kafofin watsa labarai da ke da alaƙa da Hamas ke da mahalli&quot;. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta soki kama 'yan jarida na Palasdinawa da kuma tantancewar soja. Freedom House ta sanya Isra'ila a matsayin mai yanayin kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Sashi na 'yanci&quot; a cikin shekara ta 2009. A baya, Isra'ila ita ce kadai kasar da ke cikin yankin da ke da kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Free&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Press Freedom Rankings by Region 2009 |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&amp;year=2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) A cikin shekarar 2023, Isra'ila da kanta, ba tare da haɗa Gaza Strip ko Gabashin Urushalima ba, an jera su a matsayin &quot;Free&quot;,  yayin da Gaza Strip da West Bank suka kasance &quot;Ba Free ba&quot;.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israel: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/israel/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gaza Strip: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/gaza-strip/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=West Bank: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/west-bank/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2003, hukumar fim din Isra'ila ta haramta nuna fim din kasuwanci game da [[Jenin]]_(2002)&quot; id=&quot;mwAxM&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Battle of Jenin (2002)&quot;&gt;Yaƙin Jenin na 2002.  Fim din, ''Jenin, Jenin'' ne, tarin ganawa ne da mazaunan sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Jenin da aka yi fim a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2002, mako guda bayan yakin. Mohammad Bakri, Larabawa na Isra'ila, ya jagoranci fim din. An dakatar da fim din ne saboda zargin da ake yi na [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]] da Sojojin Isra'ila suka aikata, wanda hukumar ta yi la'akari da karya da cutar da iyalan sojoji. Bayan shari'ar shari'a, an shigar da takarda a Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya soke shawarar hukumar, kuma ya ba da izinin nuna fim din a cikin fina-finai &quot;don jama'a su yanke shawara&quot;, yayin da yake lura cewa fim din &quot;cike da ƙarya&quot;, ba fim ba ne, kuma an yi shi &quot;ba tare da bangaskiya ba&quot;, ta hanyar ƙarya yana nuna sojojin Isra'ila a matsayin &quot;mafi munin masu aikata laifuka&quot;.

A watan Janairun 2011, majalisar dokokin Isra'ila ta amince da wani kuduri na hannun dama na binciken wasu sanannun kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na Isra'ila saboda &quot;lalata&quot; sojojinta. Binciken zai haifar da bincike kan tallafin kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da dama wadanda suka soki manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila ta bayyana matakin a matsayin &quot;mummunan rauni&quot; ga demokradiyyar Isra'ila, kuma masu sukar manufofin sun yi wa manufar &quot;McCarthyist&quot;.

A cikin shekara ta 2015, Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta amince da manyan tanadi na dokar da ke haifar da sakamako ga waɗanda ke kira ga kauracewa Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye. Hukuncin ya haifar da muhawara, tare da wasu nuna rashin amincewa da shi yana kawo karshen 'yancin magana yayin da wasu ke cewa yana tabbatar da matsayin Isra'ila kan &quot;tsarin lalacewar BDS&quot; (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement). Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila sun yi korafi game da dokar, suna mai cewa ta keta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Magoya bayan dokar sun ce ta haramta &quot; nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin ƙasa&quot;.  &quot;Don cire kiran kauracewa daga rukunin 'yancin magana ba daidai ba ne&quot;, in ji Rabbi David Rosenn, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na New Israel Fund (NIF). &quot;Babu wani bangare na daban don magana wanda ke siyasa. Magana mafi mahimmanci shine siyasa, kuma ya kamata mutane su sami damar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ba tare da tsoron takunkumin gwamnati ba. &quot;

Dokar ta ba 'yan sanda damar iyakance tunzura ga tashin hankali ko kalaman ƙiyayya kuma ta haramta kiran mutane &quot;Nazis&quot; ko &quot;fascists&quot;. Dokar Rigakafin Ta'addanci ta hana bayyana goyon bayan kungiyar da ake ganin ta sabawa doka ko ta'addanci.

On 24 November 2024, Israel's government ordered a boycott of the newspaper ''Haaretz'' by government officials and anyone working for a government-funded body, and banned government advertising with the newspaper. According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''Haaretz'' &quot;had published a series of investigations of wrongdoing or abuses by senior officials and the armed forces, and has long been in the crosshairs of the current government.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2023, wani rahoto daga Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya nuna cewa Isra'ila ta kasance ta shida mafi girma a duniya don kama' yan jarida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israeli arrests of Palestinian journalists soared in 2023: CPJ |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/18/israeli-arrests-of-palestinian-journalists-soared-in-2023-cpj |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin Yaƙin Gaza, Falasdinawa sun bayyana cin zarafin soja a kan sakonnin kafofin sada zumunta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Molana-Allen |first=Leila |title=Palestinians describe harassment from Israeli forces over social media posts during war |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/palestinians-describe-harassment-from-israeli-forces-over-social-media-posts-during-war |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2024, Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya sanya Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasa ta biyu mafi muni a duniya don ba da damar masu kisan 'yan jarida su tafi ba tare da hukunta su ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Liam |title=Haiti, Israel ranked worst for securing justice in journalist killings |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/haiti-israel-ranked-worst-for-securing-justice-in-journalist-killings/7845113.html |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Voice of America}}&lt;/ref&gt;

; 'Yan Jarida Ba tare da iyakoki ba

Kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta fitar da rahoto na shekara-shekara kan 'yancin 'yan jarida a duniya, mai suna Index na 'Yancin Jarida. An fara buga irin wannan na farko a shekara ta 2002. Sakamakon da Isra'ila da Hukumar Falasdinawa ta samu daga 2002 zuwa yau an nuna su a ƙasa, tare da ƙananan lambobi suna nuna kyakkyawar kulawa ga 'yan jarida:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:1em auto;&quot;
!Shekara
!Isra'ila (Yankin Isra'ila) 
!Isra'ila (na waje) 
!Hukumomin Palasdinawa
!Mafi munin Shekara
!Rahoton URL
|-
|2002
|92
|Ba a bayyana ba
|82
|139
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213848/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|44
|146
|130
|166
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213853/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
|36
|115
|127
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220042227/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |archive-date=20 December 2008 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|47
|Ba a bayyana ba
|132
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429110315/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |archive-date=29 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|50
|135
|134
|168
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604161952/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |archive-date=4 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|44
|103
|158
|169
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421060910/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |archive-date=21 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|46
|149
|163
|173
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607100340/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |archive-date=7 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|93
|150
|161
|175
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Hakkin sirri ==
A cewar wani rahoto na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra'ila, &quot;[l] aws da ka'idoji sun tanadi kariya ga sirrin mutum da na gida. A cikin shari'o'in laifuka doka ta ba da izinin sauraron waya a karkashin umarnin kotu; a lokuta na tsaro dole ne ma'aikatar tsaro ta ba da oda.&quot;

== 'Yancin mata ==
Aure da saki suna karkashin ikon kotuna na addini ne, wanda a aikace yake haifar da tsangwama ga mata a cikin wadannan bangarori na shari'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta zartar da dokar da ta ba da kariya ga mata daga tashin hankalin gida. A shekarar 2022, mata 24 abokan aikinsu ko wasu ‘yan uwansu ne a cewar ‘yan sandan Isra’ila, inda aka ce an kashe mata 69 a Isra’ila a tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa watan Agusta shekarar 2022. 40 daga cikin wadannan matan Palasdinawa ne, fiye da rabin wadannan shari’o’in ‘yan sanda ba su warware ba. Akasin haka, an warware shari’ar kowacce daga cikin kisan gilla 29 na matan Yahudawa da Isra’ilawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci ga mata.

Mata a Isra'ila ba koyaushe aka tabbatar da daidaiton jinsi a bayyane ba. Kodayake sanarwar 'yancin kai ta Isra'ila ta bayyana cewa &quot;Jam'iyyar Isra'ila [...] za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na' yancin zamantakewa da siyasa ga dukkan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini ba, launin fata ko jima'i,&quot; wannan ji ba a ba da ikon tsarin mulki ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1948 |title=The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel |url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/general/declaration-of-establishment-state-of-israel |access-date=January 29, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, kotunan Isra'ila, a tsawon lokaci, sun bayyana cewa daidaito tsakanin jinsi shine &quot;ka'idar tsarin shari'a&quot; a Isra'ila، kuma mata sun ga mafi yawan shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a ta Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2021 |title=Equality, Religion and Gender in Israel |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/equality-religion-and-gender-in-israel |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 July 2021 |title=Israel Women's Network |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/israel-womens-network |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1969, Isra'ila ta zabi Golda Meir a matsayin firaminista kuma ta zama kasa ta hudu da mace ke rike da irin wannan mukami. A shekara ta 2010, wakilan majalisar mata a Isra'ila ya kai kashi 18 cikin 100, wanda ya zarce na kasashen Larabawa da kashi 6 cikin 100, daidai da na majalisar dokokin Amurka, kuma ya yi kasa da matsakaicin kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasashen Scandinavia.

Majalisar dokokin Isra'ila, The Knesset, ta kafa kwamitin kula da matsayin mata don magance 'yancin mata. Makasudin da aka bayyana na wannan kwamiti shine hana wariya, yaki da cin zarafin mata, da inganta daidaito a harkokin siyasa, abubuwan rayuwa da ilimi. A cikin 1998, Knesset ta zartar da wata doka don &quot;Rigaka da Cin Duri da Jima'i&quot;.

Wani rahoto na shekarar 2009 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ya ambaci matsalolin auren jama'a, agunot ('mata masu sarka) ba za su iya saki ba tare da izinin miji ba), da kuma hidimar addu'o'in jinsin jinsi a bangon Yamma.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Ana haɓaka haƙƙoƙin mata ta hanyar &quot;Kawo Mata A Gaba: Haɗin Kan Mata&quot;, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar Asusun Haɗin gwiwar Mata na Yahudawa. Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda bakwai a Isra'ila sune Cibiyar Adva, Ruhun Mata, Itach-Maaki: Lauyoyin Mata don Adalci na zamantakewa, Cibiyar Mahut, Cibiyar Mata ta Isra'ila (IWN), Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki ga Mata (EEW) da Achoti ('yar'uwa) ga Mata a Isra'ila.

=== Mata Larabawa a Isra'ila ===
Matan Larabawa-Isra'ila suna shiga cikin harkokin gwamnati da na jama'a. Hussniya Jabara ita ce mace Balarabiya ta farko da ta fara aiki a majalisar Knesset. Dangane da sashe na 15 na Ma'aikatar Jama'a [waɗanda] mata da Larabawa-Isra'ilawa suna da haƙƙin tabbatar da aiki a aikin ma'aikacin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=העדפה מתקנת בעבודה ובשירות הציבורי |url=http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201010211/http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |archive-date=1 February 2013 |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Moital.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ayyuka masu kyau ===
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan mata na Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Hakkin LGBT ==
Hakkin 'Yan tsiraru na jima'i a Isra'ila ana ɗaukar su mafi haƙuri a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=LGBT+ rights and issues in the Middle East |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9457/CBP-9457.pdf |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=Commons Library Research Briefing, 9 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake Isra'ila ba ta halatta auren jinsi ɗaya ba, auren jinsi ɗaya da ke aiki a ƙasashen waje an amince da shi bisa doka a Isra'ila. Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin 'yancin jama'a ga yawan masu luwadi, gami da' yancin tallafi da amfanin abokin tarayya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Walzer |first=Lee |date=21 February 2002 |title=Queer in the Land of Sodom |url=http://www.thegully.com/essays/gaymundo/020220_gay_israel_history.html |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=The Gully}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isra'ila kuma ta ba da matsayin aure na doka ga ma'aurata na cikin gida na jinsi ɗaya. Dokar sodomy da aka gada daga Mandate na Burtaniya na Falasdinu an soke ta a shekarar 1988, kodayake akwai umarni mai bayyanawa da Babban Lauyan Isra'ila ya bayar a shekarar 1953 wanda ya umarci 'yan sanda da su guji aiwatar da wannan dokar, muddin babu wasu laifuka da suka shafi. Dokar kare hakkin ɗan luwaɗi ta ƙasa ta haramta wasu nuna bambanci ga 'yan luwadi, gami da aiki; ana yin wasu keɓancewa ga ƙungiyoyin addini. A baya, aikin soja na masu luwadi yana ƙarƙashin wasu ƙuntatawa. An ɗaga waɗannan ƙuntatawa a cikin 1993, suna ba da damar masu luwadi su yi aiki a bayyane a duk sassan sojoji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Homosexual rights around the world |url=http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210062004/http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |archive-date=10 December 2005 |access-date=20 November 2011 |website=Gay Rights Info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Maris 2014, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da umarni da ke nuna cewa an haɗa aikin tiyatar jima'i a cikin tallafin kiwon lafiya da aka ba wa 'yan ƙasa. Duk da haka, a cikin watan Mayu Haaretz ya ruwaito cewa wata kungiyar kula da lafiya ta ki biyan kudin tiyatar canjin jima'i guda biyu, wanda ya haifar da kashe kudade masu yawa daga marasa lafiya. Wata rundunar LGBTI ta kasa ta gano cewa kashi 80 cikin 100 na masu canza jinsi, kashi 50 na 'yan madigo da kashi 20 cikin 100 na mazan luwadi ana nuna musu wariya yayin neman aikin yi.

== Hakkin ƙasa ==
Asusun yahudawa (JNF) yana iko da kashi 13% na ƙasar Isra'ila; wannan ƙasa an keɓe ta ne don amfanin Yahudawan Isra'ila keɓanta. Kasa da kashi 4% na ƙasar Isra'ila mallakar ƴan ƙasar Larabawa ne, duk da Larabawa da ke da kashi 20% na al'ummar ƙasar. An ɗauka gabaɗaya, kashi 93% na ƙasar a Isra'ila ana iko da ko dai ƙasar Isra'ila ko JNF; Ana kiran waɗannan ƙasashe a hukumance da &quot;ƙasashen Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Canje-canjen kwanan nan (wanda aka yi a cikin 2010) zuwa Dokar Kasa (Samun don Manufofin Jama'a) (1943), yana nufin tabbatar da ikon mallakar ƙasa na ƙasar da aka kwace daga Falasɗinawa (daga 1948 zuwa gaba) ta hanyar toshe iƙirarin Falasɗinawa na mallakar ƙasar da aka kwace a ƙarƙashin wannan doka, ko da a wuraren da ba a taɓa amfani da ita don dalilai na jama'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Cibiyar shari'ar Isra'ila Adalah ta bayar da rahoton cewa, &quot;A zahiri, an toshe Falasdinawa 'yan Isra'ila daga siye ko ba da hayar filaye a kusan kashi 80% na ƙasar Isra'ila bisa tushen ƙasarsu.&quot; Sakamakon, a cewarsu, shine &quot;mafi yawancin filayen gwamnati sun ƙunshi keɓaɓɓu, yankunan Yahudawa kaɗai.&quot; Adalah ya bayyana manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da ake aiwatar da keɓancewa daga mallakar filaye da amfani da su; ta hanyar abin da ake kira &quot;kwamitocin shiga&quot; da kuma ta hanyar abin da Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin manufofin nuna wariya na hukumomin jihohi da JNF.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Waɗannan kwamitocin shigar sun duba masu neman rukunin gidaje a garuruwan noma da al'umma a Isra'ila kuma sun haɗa da wani babban jami'i daga Ƙungiyar Sahayoniya ta Duniya ko Hukumar Yahudawa. Kusan garuruwa 700 a cikin Isra'ila (wanda ke lissafin kusan kashi 70% na duk garuruwan Isra'ila) suna da alaƙa da kwamitocin shiga. Sharuɗɗan da waɗannan kwamitocin suka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da ka'idojin dacewa, wanda Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin sabani da rashin gaskiya. Adalah ta ruwaito cewa ana tace Larabawa da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Isra'ila ta hanyar amfani da wannan ka'idojin dacewa. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Yahudawan Mizrahi da ƴan luwaɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, garuruwa da yawa a Isra'ila sun amince da dokoki da ke jaddada halayensu na Yahudawa, suna ƙayyade shigarwa cikin al'umma akan &quot;aminci ga hangen nesa na Zionist&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Nuna wariya ƙasar manufofin ne zuwa babban har kore da manufofin na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar ƙasar Isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin 1949 da 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF wakilan (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan ƙasar Isra'ila da ake kira manufofin ƙasa a cikin jihar 3. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan manufofin ya hana JNF ƙasar da za a ba wa waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

== Ƙananan kabilanci, dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci da shige da fice ==
Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu da Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan bambancin launin fata.

Nuna wariya ronu ne zuwa babban kore da tsofo na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da shekarar 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF rufi (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan Isra'ila a cikin iska daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin Isra'ila. hana JNF hadarin da za a ba wa koyarwa ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2009 |title=Gender and employment [Areas of work&amp;#93; |url=http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427190455/http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |archive-date=27 April 2009 |access-date=2010-07-22 |publisher=Ilo.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba ma'aikatan Larabawa a Ma'aikatu daban-daban &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Ma'aikatar
!% Ma'aikatan Larabawa 
|-
|Lafiya
|7.2
|-
|Ilimi
|6.2
|-
|Adalci
|3.9
|-
|Masana'antu, Ciniki da Aiki
|3.4
|-
|Sufuri
|2.3
|-
|Gidaje
|1.3
|-
|Kudi
|1.2
|}
Duk da Dokar Aiki (1998), kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah ta ba da rahoton cewa 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila suna fuskantar nuna bambanci a cikin damar aiki, albashi da yanayi. Adalah ta kuma ba da rahoton cewa jihar Isra'ila kanta (mafi girman ma'aikaci a Isra'ila) ba ta aiwatar da wannan dokar ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Misali, 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila da ke aiki a matsayin masu kwangila a cikin gyare-gyare a cibiyoyin ilimi na Isra'ilawa suna ƙarƙashin iyakancewa wanda Yahudawa Isra'ilawa ba sa ƙarƙashin su. Wannan ya haɗa da buƙatar dan kwangila ya hayar mai tsaro mai dauke da makami a wurin aiki a kan kuɗin kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khromchenko |first=Yulie |date=Mar 28, 2005 |title=Adalah Accuses Education Min. of Employment Discrimination |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240112202842/https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |access-date=12 Jan 2024 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila waɗanda mata ne, nakasassu, ko asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka suna da damar yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan Isra'ila na asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka, ko kuma masu nakasa, suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau game da shigar jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Council for Higher Education |url=http://che.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A1-1-%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%93.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=Che.org.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ייצוג הולם בשירות המדינה |url=http://www.csc.gov.il/DataBases/NewsLetters/NL19/Pages/AdequateRepresentation.aspx |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haramcin Wariya a Samfura, Sabis da Shiga Wuraren Nishaɗi da Wuraren Jama'a Dokar ta hana waɗanda ke gudanar da wuraren jama'a, ko ba da sabis ko samfura, don nuna bambanci saboda launin fata, addini, ƙasa, da ƙasar asali, da sauran dalilai. Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2010 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama ga Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye, dokokin Isra'ila sun hana nuna bambanci a kan launin fata, kuma gwamnati ta aiwatar da wadannan haramcin yadda ya kamata.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2010 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413173255/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |archive-date=13 April 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015 |publisher=US Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba Ayyuka ta Sashen da Kabilanci (2008) &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Aiki
!Ma'aikatan Larabawa (%) 
!Ma'aikatan Yahudawa (%) 
|-
|Gine-gine (maza) 
|28.4
|5.4
|-
|Ma'aikata marasa ƙwarewa
|14.6
|6.4
|-
|Ayyukan kasuwanci
|5.6
|14.3
|-
|Matsayi na gudanarwa
|2.3
|7.3
|-
|Bankin, inshora, da kudi
|0.8
|4.3
|}

=== 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila ===
Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta B'Tselem ta yi iƙirarin cewa an hana Larabawa a Urushalima haƙƙin zama, wanda ya haifar da karancin gidaje a yankunan Larabawa na Urushalima.

Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ta tuhumi cewa rage tallafin tsofaffi da kuma alawus-alawus na yara bisa aikin soji na iyaye na nuna wariya ga yaran Larabawa: &quot;Raguwar za ta kuma shafi 'ya'yan iyayen Yahudawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wadanda ba sa aikin soja, amma sun cancanci karin tallafin, gami da karin ilimi, wanda ba a samu ga yaran Larabawa na Falasdinu ba.&quot;

A cewar rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam ga Isra'ila da Yankunan da aka mamaye, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta yi &quot;ƙananan don rage nuna bambanci na hukuma, shari'a, da al'umma ga' yan ƙasar Larabawa&quot;.  Rahotanni na shekaru masu zuwa sun kuma gano nuna bambanci ga' yan asalin Larabawa a matsayin matsala ga Isra'ilawa, amma ba ta sake maimaita da'ila ta ba don rage nuna rashin nuna bambanci ba. 

Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam  ya lura cewa:

* Asusun Ƙasar Yahudawa (JNF) yana sarrafa kashi 12.5 cikin 100 na ƙasar jama'a amma dokokinta sun hana siyarwa ko hayar ƙasa ga waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba. A watan Oktoba, kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama sun shigar da kara ga Babban Kotun Shari'a suna da'awar cewa sanarwar da Gwamnatin Ƙasar Isra'ila (ILA) ta yi game da ƙasar JNF ta nuna bambanci saboda ta haramta Larabawa daga yin tayin. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2005, babban lauya ya yanke hukuncin cewa &quot;gwamnati ba za ta iya nuna bambanci ga Larabawa na Isra'ila a cikin tallace-tallace da rarraba ƙasashen da take sarrafawa ba, gami da na JNF.
* Kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na Isra'ila da Larabawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnati ta fi ƙuntatawa wajen bayar da izinin gini ga al'ummomin Larabawa da ƙalubalanci manufofin rushe gine-gine ba bisa ka'ida ba a bangaren Larabawa, yana iyakance ci gaban al'umma.
* &quot;A watan Yuni, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukuncin cewa barin garuruwan Larabawa daga wasu tsare-tsare na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na gwamnati na nuna wariya.
* An ƙalubalanci Tsarin Jagora na 1996 na Arewacin Isra'ila a matsayin wariya. Abubuwan da suka fi ba da fifiko sun haɗa da &quot;ƙara yawan Yahudawa na Galili da kuma toshe yanki na garuruwan Larabawa.&quot;
* Keɓe daga aikin soja na wajibi, yawancin Larabawa Isra'ila don haka ba su da damar samun dama fiye da sauran 'yan ƙasa zuwa fa'idodin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin wanda aikin soja ya zama buƙatu ko fa'ida, kamar gidaje, tallafin sabbin gidaje, da aikin yi, musamman aikin masana'antu na gwamnati ko na tsaro. Kwamitin Ivri kan yi wa kasa hidima ya ba da shawarwari a hukumance ga gwamnati cewa a ba wa Larabawa Isra'ila damar yin hidimar kasa.
* &quot;A bisa wani bincike da jami'ar Haifa ta gudanar a shekara ta 2003, akwai wani hali na sanya wa 'yan kasar Larabawa hukuncin dauri fiye da na Yahudawa. Masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama sun yi ikirarin cewa 'yan kasashen Larabawa sun fi fuskantar hukuncin kisa da kuma hana a bayar da belinsu.&quot;
* Rahoton hukumar Or Commission kan kisan ‘yan sanda na masu zanga-zangar Isra’ila da Larabawa ya gano cewa “sakamakon sakaci da wariya” gwamnati na tafiyar da bangaren Larabawa, tare da rabo ko albarkatun da bai dace ba wanda ke haifar da “mummunan wahala” daga al’umma. Abubuwan da ke nuna damuwa sun haɗa da talauci, rashin aikin yi, ƙarancin ƙasa, matsalolin ilimi, da nakasa abubuwan more rayuwa.

Rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila ya rubuta cewa: &quot;Gwamnati gaba daya tana mutunta hakkin 'yan kasarta; duk da haka, an sami matsaloli a wasu bangarori, ciki har da ... nuna wariya na hukumomi, shari'a, da kuma al'umma ga al'ummar Larabawa na kasar.&quot;

A cikin wani rahoto da ya mika wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bedouin ya yi ikirarin cewa suna fuskantar wariya kuma ba a daukarsu a matsayin 'yan kasa daidai a Isra'ila kuma ba a ba wa garuruwan Badouin hidima iri daya ba ko kuma filayen garuruwan Yahudawa masu girman gaske, kuma ba a ba su damar samun ruwa mai kyau. Birnin Be'er Sheva ya ki amincewa da wani wuri mai tsarki na Bedouin, duk da shawarar da Babbar Kotun ta bayar.

''Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2007 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam''  ya lura cewa:

* &quot;A cewar wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005 a Jami'ar Ibraniyawa, an kashe kuɗi sau uku a cikin ilimin yara Yahudawa kamar yadda yara Larabawa.&quot;

A watan Satumbar shekarar 2010, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta amince da gyare-gyare ga dokokin zama ɗan ƙasa na ƙasar. Shirin dokar ya tilasta wa duk wanda ke neman zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ya yi rantsuwa da &quot;Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasar Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot;. Larabawa na Isra'ila da kuma ƙungiyoyin hagu na Isra'ilawa ciki har da shugaban jam'iyyar adawa ta Kadima Tzipi Livni sun soki gyaran sosai. Masanin ilimin halayyar ilimi na Isra'ila Farfesa Gavriel Solomon ya ce rantsuwar aminci ta yi kama da Dokokin Nuremberg . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 October 2010 |title=Israeli academic: Loyalty oath resembles racist laws of 1935 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/israeli-academic-loyalty-oath-resembles-racist-laws-of-1935-1.318275 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magoya bayan gyaran sun bayyana cewa wadanda ba Yahudawa ba ne wadanda suka zama 'yan ƙasa suna buƙatar fahimtar cewa &quot;Jihar Isra'ila ita ce furcin kasa na ƙaddamar da kai na mutanen Yahudawa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2012 |title=Identifying with Israel's national character |url=http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-EdContributors/Article.aspx?id=190897 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isra'ila ta haramta 'yan ƙasa daga ziyartar ƙasashen abokan gaba ba tare da izini ba, ƙuntataccen tafiye-tafiye wanda, a cikin shekarar 2015, ya haɗa da Siriya, Iraki, Iran, Lebanon, Yemen, da Saudi Arabia. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah ta yi iƙirarin cewa wannan yana nuna bambanci ga 'yan asalin Larabawa da Isra'ila, kuma hukumomi ba su tsare Yahudawa ba bayan dawowa daga tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashe marasa izini kamar yadda suka yi da Larabawa Isra'ilawa. Har ila yau, an soki Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Isra'ila saboda nuna bambancin launin fata na 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah tana riƙe da jerin dokoki sama da 50 da take da'awar nuna bambanci ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. A cikin shekara ta 2015, an yi la'akari da launin fata na 'yan asalin Larabawa ta hanyar jami'an tsaro da sauran' yan ƙasa, da kuma hare-haren fansa a kan Larabawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2016&quot; /&gt;

Since the outbreak of the Gaza war, Israel has carried out mass arrests and detentions of Palestinians and Arab Israelis, with thousands arrested or detained in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories. On 5 November 2023, [[CNN]] reported that &quot;dozens&quot; of Palestinian residents and Arab citizens of Israel were arrested in Israel for expressions of solidarity with the civilian population of Gaza, sharing [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Quran]] verses, or expressing &quot;any support for the Palestinian people&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kottasová |first=Ivana |last2=Saifi |first2=Zeena |date=2023-11-05 |title='The reaction is extreme': Palestinians fear arrest if they voice sympathy for Gaza civilians |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/05/middleeast/palestinians-israel-fear-arrest-gaza-intl-cmd/index.html |website=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Haaretz'' described the widespread targeting of Arab Israelis by Israeli security forces. Referring to &quot;hundreds&quot; of interrogations, ''El País'' reported on 11 November that Israel increasingly treats its Arab minority as a &quot;potential fifth column&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pita |first=Antonio |date=2023-11-11 |title=Israel aumenta el cerco a su minoría árabe |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2023-11-11/israel-aumenta-el-cerco-a-su-minoria-arabe.html |website=El País |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ayyuka masu kyau ====
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau a cikin buƙatun shiga jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;/&gt;

=== Baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba da masu neman mafaka ===
Isra'ila jam'iyya ce ta jihar da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin [[Sudan]]_refugees_in_Israel&quot; id=&quot;mwBWo&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Sudanese refugees in Israel&quot;&gt;'yan gudun hijira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 April 2011 |title=Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b73b0d63.pdf |access-date=5 December 2012 |publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila suna la'akari da tsarin mafaka na Isra'ilawa da rashin adalci, kuma yawan amincewa da 'yan gudun hijira ya fi ƙasa da kashi 1%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Until our hearts are completely hardened, Report on asylum procedures in Israel, Hotline for Migrant Workers, April 2012 |url=http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018173547/http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga shekara ta 2003, kimanin baƙi 70,000 ba bisa ka'ida ba daga kasashe daban-daban na Afirka sun haye zuwa Isra'ila. Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 600 daga yankin Darfur na Sudan an ba su matsayin mazauna wucin gadi don sabuntawa kowace shekara, kodayake ba matsayin' yan gudun hijira na hukuma ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ACRI.org.il |url=http://www.acri.org.il/pdf/refugees0209en.pdf |access-date=25 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba da wasu 'yan gudun hijira 2,000 daga rikici tsakanin [[Eritrea]] da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] matsayin mazaunin wucin gadi a kan dalilai na jin kai, kodayake Isra'ila ta fi son kada ta gane su a matsayin' yan gudun hijira.

A cikin wani labari na shekarar 2012, ''Reuters'' ta ruwaito, &quot;Isra'ila na iya ɗaure baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba har zuwa shekaru uku a ƙarƙashin dokar da aka fara aiki a ranar Lahadi, wani jami'in Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ce, wani mataki da aka yi niyyar hana kwararar 'yan Afirka da ke shiga Isra'ila a kan iyakar hamada da Masar.  Ministan cikin gida Eli Yishai ya ce, &quot;Me ya sa muka yi rashin lafiya da zukata masu zubar da jini, gami da 'yan siyasa. Ayyuka za su zama mafi yawa a nan za su sa su zama jarirai, kuma wannan tayin ya sa Sudan ya fice su gudu zuwa duniya, kuma ya sa su zama mafi yawanci, kuma ya zama' yan gudun hijira za su gudu, kuma ya haifar da yawa, kuma ya fice ga Yesu Yesu ya sa suka fice, kuma ya fito da yawa, za su zama' yan kasa, kuma ya sami mafaka za su zama 'yan gudun hijira' yan gudunya suka ficececece' yan gudun

A karkashin Dokar Rigakafin Kutse ta 2014, duk masu ketare kan iyaka da ba bisa ka'ida ba an ayyana su a matsayin &quot;masu kutse&quot; kuma ana iya tsare su a gidan yarin Saharonim na tsawon watanni uku &quot;domin tantancewa&quot; sannan kuma watanni 12 a wurin Holhot mai nisa. Kamfanin dillancin labaran iqna ya habarta cewa, ya nakalto daga shafin sadarwa na yanar gizo na Hotline na ‘yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure cewa hukumomi sun mayar da fiye da rabin mutanen da ake tsare da su na Holot zuwa Saharonim har na tsawon watanni da dama saboda wasu laifukan da suka saba wa doka. A wasu jerin hukunce-hukuncen da kotun kolin ta yanke, ta yi watsi da cewa za a iya tsare bakin haure har abada, ta kuma ba da umarnin sakin bakin haure 1,178 'yan kasashen Eritrea da Sudan da ake tsare da su sama da shekara guda ba tare da tuhume su ba. Gwamnati ta hana wadannan masu neman mafaka daga Tel Aviv ko Eilat, inda za su kasance suna da al'ummomin tallafi da kuma samun damar yin ayyukan jin kai.

Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, tun daga shekarar 2011 yanayin 'yan gudun hijira a Isra'ila ya tabarbare &quot;saboda amincewa da manufofi da dokoki da nufin dakile masu neman mafaka a nan gaba ta hanyar yin wahala ga wadanda ke cikin kasar. Wadannan ayyuka sun kara tauye 'yancin jama'a da kuma karfafa barin kasar.&quot; Gwamnati za ta yi wahala a nemi izinin zama ɗan gudun hijira yayin da ake tsare da ita na tsawon shekara guda, kuma da zarar an sake shi za ta buƙaci masu neman su ba da hujjar rashin neman izini tun da farko. Ana kiran masu neman mafaka &quot;masu kutse&quot; ta gwamnati da kafafen yada labarai, wadanda ke danganta su da karuwar laifuka, cututtuka, da zaman banza.

=== 'Yan Afirka na Isra'ila ===
A cewar BBC, Yahudawa na Habasha da ke zaune a Isra'ila sun daɗe suna gunaguni game da nuna bambanci. Sun gudanar da tarurruka bayan yarjejeniyar da masu mallakar gidaje a kudancin Isra'ila suka yi don kada su hayar ko sayar da dukiyarsu ga Yahudawa na asalin Habasha. Al'ummar Yahudawa na Habasha sun shiga cikin zanga-zangar bayan bidiyon da ya fito wanda ya nuna 'yan sanda biyu suna doke soja na Habasha da Isra'ila, Demas Fekadeh . &lt;ref name=&quot;clash&quot; /&gt; Duk da yake zanga-zangar da dubban masu zanga-zambe suka yi da farko ba ta da tashin hankali, rikice-rikice da 'yan sanda sun ci gaba. ACRI ta yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan sanda sun kasa gargadi masu zanga-zangar kafin yin amfani da matakan watsa jama'a, kuma amfani da su bai karu a hankali ba. Gwamnati ta sauke tuhumar da aka yi wa Fekadeh, ta kammala cewa bai fara rikici da ya haifar da duka ba.

== Ilimi ==
[[Fayil:GalilSchoolSign.jpg|thumb|Alama a gaban Makarantar Galil, makarantar firamare ta [[Larabawa]] da Yahudawa a Isra'ila.]]
Dokar Ƴancin Dalibai ta [[Isra'ila]] ta shekarar 2000 ta haramta nuna bambanci ga ɗalibai saboda dalilai na ɗarika a shigarwa ko fitarwa daga cibiyar ilimi, a cikin kafa tsarin karatun daban-daban ko gudanar da azuzuwan daban-daban a cikin wannan cibiyar ilimi guda, da kuma haƙƙoƙi da wajibai na ɗalibai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=חוק זכויות התלמיד באנגלית – Pupils' Rights Law |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/Zchuyot/ChukimVeamanot/Chukim/PupilsRightsLaw |access-date=16 May 2010 |publisher=Cms.education.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta aiwatar da wannan dokar, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar daga iyalan Orthodox waɗanda suka ki tura yaransu zuwa makarantu masu haɗin kai.
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

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An bayyana Isra'ila a cikin Sanarwar cewa 'yancin kai a matsayin &quot;jaha ta Yahudawa&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Avalon Project : Declaration of Israel's Independence 1948 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Avalon.law.yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; - an karɓi ma'anar doka &quot;Jiha ta Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot; a shekara ta 1985. Baya ga yawancin Yahudawa a yankin ban da [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Yankunan Palasdinawa]] da aka mamaye, Isra'ila gida ce ga 'yan tsiraru na addini da kabilanci, wasu daga cikinsu suna ba da rahoton nuna bambanci. A cikin yankunan Palasdinawa, Gwamnatocin Isra'ila da suka biyo baya sun fuskanci zargi na kasa da kasa daga wasu ƙasashe da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da na cikin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=Israel's apartheid against Palestinians |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Amnesty International]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shakir |first=Omar |date=2021-04-27 |title=A Threshold Crossed |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution |journal=[[Human Rights Watch]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Apartheid |url=https://www.btselem.org/topic/apartheid |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[B'Tselem]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ארכיון Settler Violence |url=https://www.yesh-din.org/en/category/settler-violence/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Yesh Din]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗaya daga cikin Dokokin Ƙananan na Isra'ila, wanda aka nufa don zama tushen kundin tsarin mulki na gaba,  Dokokin Ƙarshen: Darajar Dan Adam da 'Yanci, babban kayan aiki ne don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da' yancin jama'a a Jihar Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gavison |first=Ruth |year=1985 |title=The Controversy over Israel's Bill of Rights |journal=Israel Yearbook of Human Rights |volume=15 |pages=113–154}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah sun nuna cewa wannan dokar ba ta ƙunshi tanadi na gaba ɗaya don daidaito da rashin nuna bambanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inequality Report: The Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel - Adalah |url=https://www.adalah.org/en/content/view/7404 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.adalah.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, sun bayar da rahoton take hakkin bil'adama da kasar Isra'ila ke yi, musamman kan wasu tsiraru. Wadannan rahotanni sun hada da take hakkokin Falasdinawa, na ciki da wajen Isra'ila da kuma wasu kungiyoyi a Isra'ila.

Freedom House ya bayyana Isra'ila a matsayin 'yanci na siyasa da dimokuradiyya fiye da kasashe makwabta a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 January 2013 |title=US watchdog: Israel is Mideast's only 'free' state |url=https://www.jpost.com/National-News/US-watchdog-Israel-is-Mideasts-only-free-state |access-date=21 August 2018 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar na shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, Isra'ila na fuskantar manyan matsalolin kare hakkin bil'adama game da nuna wariya ga hukumomi a kan al'ummar Larabawa na Isra'ila (da yawa daga cikinsu suna bayyana kansu a matsayin Falasdinu), 'yan Isra'ila da mata na Habasha, da kuma kula da 'yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure. Sauran matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam sun haɗa da nuna wariyar hukuma ga Yahudawa waɗanda ba 'yan Orthodox ba da kuma iyalai masu aure, da cin zarafin ma'aikata a kan ma'aikatan kasashen waje.

== Tarihi ==
Majalisar Tarayyar Al'ummai ta amince da ƙuduri a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1931 game da yanayin da ake buƙata kafin a kawo ƙarshen mulkin. Sabuwar gwamnati ta samar da wata sanarwa ta baki ko rubuce-rubuce da ta amince da karɓar wajibin tabbatar da daidaito na kabilanci da addinai. Wannan ƙuduri ya biyo bayan tsohuwar doka ta duniya a lokuta inda manyan iko suka taimaka wajen maido da ikon mallakar yankin. Ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan &quot;Gwamnatin Falasdinu ta nan gaba&quot; ya ƙunshi duka shirin rabuwa da Shirin Kare Ƙananan .  Ya sanya 'yan tsiraru, mata, da' yancin addini a ƙarƙashin kariya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya. Shirin ya ba da takamaiman tabbacin haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali. Sabbin jihohin sun samar da sanarwa, wanda bisa ga abin da ya gabata ya yi daidai da yarjejeniya.&lt;ref&gt;See International Human Rights in Context, Henry J. Steiner, Philip Alston, Ryan Goodman, Oxford University Press US, 2008, {{ISBN|0-19-927942-X}}, page 100&lt;/ref&gt; Kudin ya bayyana cewa &quot;ka'idojin da ke cikin sanarwar an gane su a matsayin manyan dokoki na Jiha, kuma babu wata doka, ka'ida ko aikin hukuma da za su saba wa ko tsoma baki da waɗannan ka'idojin, kuma babu wani doka, ka-idaita ko aikin hukumi da zai mamaye su&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, November 29, 1947, C. Declarations |url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029150108/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |archive-date=29 October 2006 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanarwar kafa kasar Isra'ila ta yi shelar, a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1948, cewa &quot;haƙƙin Yahudawa na sake haifuwa na ƙasa a cikin ƙasarta&quot; an amince da shi a cikin sanarwar Balfour na 2 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1917, kuma an sake tabbatar da shi a cikin Umurnin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya wanda, musamman, ya ba da izini na kasa da kasa da Isra'ila ga Isra'ila da Isra'ila. hakkin Yahudawa na sake gina Gidansa na Ƙasa.&quot; Har ila yau, ta ayyana cewa kasar &quot;za ta kasance a bude don hijirar Yahudawa da kuma tattara 'yan gudun hijirar; za ta bunkasa ci gaban kasar don amfanin dukan mazaunanta; za ta kasance bisa 'yanci, adalci da zaman lafiya kamar yadda annabawan Isra'ila suka tsara; za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na zamantakewa da 'yancin siyasa ga dukan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini, addini ko jinsi ba; za ta ba da tabbaci ga harshe, yanci ko jinsi; kiyaye Wurare Mai Tsarki na dukan addinai; kuma zai kasance da aminci ga ƙa'idodin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.&quot;

Wasu malaman Burtaniya suna jayayya cewa Isra'ila ba ta cika wajibinta na kare haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru ba.&lt;ref&gt;Yvonne Schmidt, &quot;Foundations of Civil and Political Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories&quot;, GRIN Verlag, 2008, {{ISBN|3-638-94450-6}}, page 98&lt;/ref&gt;

Asalin Dokar Isra'ila: Mutuncin Dan Adam da 'Yanci, ya ce muhimman haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Isra'ila za a kiyaye su bisa ga ƙa'idodin da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar, amma ta keɓance musamman dokar da ta riga ta fara aiki. Masana harkokin shari'a na Isra'ila sun ce an yi amfani da kalmomin dokar ne don guje wa wahalar ba da fifiko ga daidaito, wanda ba a san shi ba. Sakamakon shi ne cewa za a iya jujjuya ƙa'idar daidaito ta hanyar doka ta yau da kullun, kuma ba za ta yi watsi da ka'idodin doka ko na alƙalai ba.

== Matsayi na 'yanci,' yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a a Isra'ila ==

=== 'Yancin zama ɗan ƙasa ===
Dokar kasa ta Isra'ila da Dokar Komawa, sun bambanta tsakanin Yahudawa Isra'ilawa da Falasdinawa Isra'ilawa ta hanyar sabunta ra'ayi na kasa yahudawa da ke bambanta da zama dan kasar Isra'ila. Duk da take, Dokar Ƙasa ba ta kafa ra'ayin ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ba, a maimakon haka tana danganta ɗan ƙasa da alaƙar addini.

Dokar Kasa ta ba da izinin Palasdinawa su zama 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila ne kawai idan sun kasance (ko kuma zuriyar waɗanda ke wurin) a Isra'ila tsakanin shekarar 1948 da shekarar 1952. Wadannan ƙuntatawa sun cire duk waɗanda aka kore su ko waɗanda suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 da zuriyarsu. Dokar Komawa ta tabbatar da haƙƙin kowane [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ya yi ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ta atomatik. Falasdinawa da zuriyarsu waɗanda aka kore su ko suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 an hana su wannan haƙƙin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Dokar zama dan kasa da shiga cikin Isra'ila (2003) ta hana Falasdinawa daga yankunan Falasdinawa da aka mamaye 'yancin samun matsayin zama na Isra'ila ko zama dan kasa, ko da a lokuta da suka yi aure da 'yan Isra'ila. Wannan haramcin ya ta'allaka ne kan dan kasa ba kan wani lamari na tsaro ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2008, Knesset ta amince da Dokar zama ɗan ƙasa (gyara Lamba 9) (Ikon soke zama ɗan ƙasa) (2008), wanda ke ba da damar soke zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila bisa ga &quot;cin amana&quot;. Musamman ma, keta amana na iya haɗawa da aikin zama a wasu ƙasashen Larabawa ko musulmi ko yankin Gaza. Wannan doka ta halatta soke zama ɗan ƙasa a kan haka ba tare da an yanke masa hukunci ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

=== Hakki da 'yanci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka yi ===
Binciken da Freedom House mai hedkwata a Amurka ya gudanar a shekara ta 2013, wanda ke kokarin auna irin dimokuradiyya da 'yancin siyasa a kowace kasa, ya sanya Isra'ila tare da Tunisiya a matsayin kasa daya tilo da ke da 'yanci a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;/&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''Rarrabawar Isra'ila, da yankunan da ta mamaye, ta Freedom House, The Economist Intelligence Unit da Transparency International'''
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
!Kasar / Ƙungiya - NGO
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Gidan 'Yanci
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sashin leken asiri na tattalin arziki
!Bayyanawa ta Duniya
|-
!Rahoton-Ranking
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'Yanci a Duniya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lissafin Dimokuradiyya
!Rashin fahimta na cin hanci da rashawa
|-
!
!Rarraba 'yanci, Wani bangare na 'yanci&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;'Yanci'&lt;/span&gt;, Wani ɓangare na' Yanci, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Ba 'Yanci ba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
![[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|'Yancin siyasa]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[Ƴancin Jama'a|'Yancin Jama'a]]&lt;br /&gt;
!Dimokuradiyya Rarraba Dimokuradiya Cikakken Dimokuradiyar, Dimokuradiyan da ba su da kyau, Tsarin Mulki&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Cikakken dimokuradiyya&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#cfc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Dimokuradiyya mara kyau&lt;/span&gt;, Tsarin Mulki na Hybrid, Tsarin Mulki&lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Tsarin mulki na mulkin mallaka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!Cikakken Sakamakon
!Ra'ayoyin cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Isra'ila
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |'Yanci'
|1
|2
| style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot; |Dimokuradiyya mara kyau
|7.79
|6.0
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |Ba 'Yanci ba
|6
|6
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|}

; Bayani
:

* Ta hanyar Freedom House 2009 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Map of Freedom in the World |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&amp;year=2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ga 'yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a, 1 yana wakiltar mafi kyawun kyauta kuma 7 mafi ƙarancin kyauta.
* Bisa ga The Economist Intelligence Unit 2010 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Democracy Index 2010 |url=http://graphics.eiu.com/PDF/Democracy_Index_2010_web.pdf |access-date=2 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cikakken dimokuradiyya suna da jimlar 10 zuwa 8, dimokuradiyar da ba ta dace ba tana da jimlar 7.9 zuwa 6, gwamnatocin haɗin gwiwa suna da jimillar 5.9 zuwa 4, kuma gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna da jimla daga 3.9 zuwa 1. Matsayin dimokuradiyya ya fi girma yayin da ci ya karu.
* Dangane da ƙididdigar cin hanci da rashawa ta duniya ta shekara-shekara,  ci ya kasance daga 10 (mai tsabta) zuwa 0 (mai cin hanci).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=2008 Corruption Perceptions Index |url=http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311002755/http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |archive-date=11 March 2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |website=Transparency International Annual Report |publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun soki gwamnatin Isra'ila saboda kai hari ga kungiyoyin farar hula da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila (ACRI), babbar kungiyar 'yancin jama'a ta Isra'ila, jerin kokarin gwamnatin Isra'ila a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun kai hari kan kungiyoyin fararen hula na Isra'ila da Kotun Koli na Isra'ila. Rahoton ACRI na Disamba 2017 ya gabatar da abin da yake kallo a matsayin misalan harin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ci gaba da kai wa dimokuradiyyar Isra'ila, 'yancin ɗan adam, 'yancin yin zanga-zanga, mutunta kimar daidaici, da 'yancin siyasa, zamantakewa da 'yan tsiraru. Wannan yanayin a Isra'ila an kira shi &quot;rashin bin tsarin mulki&quot; ta wasu masu sharhi na shari'a.

=== Zaben, jam'iyyun siyasa, da wakilci ===
A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan Isra'ila, &quot;Dokar ta bai wa 'yan kasar damar zabar gwamnatinsu a zabukan lokaci-lokaci na 'yanci da adalci bisa tsarin zabe na bai daya, kuma 'yan kasar sun yi amfani da wannan damar.&quot; Zaɓen da aka gudanar a watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2015 an yi la'akari da shi cikin 'yanci da adalci a wurin masu sa ido. An soki sauyin da aka yi a matakin zabe da cewa ya takaita wakilcin kananan jam’iyyu, musamman ma da ke shafar tsirarun Larabawa. Wannan ya sa jam'iyyu hudu masu rinjaye na Larabawa suka hade waje daya, wato Joint List, wanda ya samu kujeru 13, ya kuma zama bangare na uku mafi girma a majalisar Knesset. Galibin Falasdinawa a yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye na rayuwa ne a karkashin mamayar Isra'ila kuma ba 'yan kasar Isra'ila ba ne. Ba a yarda su kada kuri'a a Isra'ila ba.

Doka ta asali: Knesset (1958) da gyare-gyaren da suka biyo baya sun hana jerin jam'iyyun tsayawa takara a majalisar Knesset idan manufofinta ko ayyukanta sun hada da &quot;kyau da wanzuwar kasar Isra'ila a matsayin kasar Yahudawa&quot;. Cibiyar shari'a ta Isra'ila Adalah ta bayyana cewa &quot;wannan dokar ta hana yin amfani da 'yancin yin siyasa cikin 'yanci, ciki har da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da shiga siyasa. Ana amfani da ita sau da yawa don ƙoƙarin hana jam'iyyun siyasa na Larabawa da 'yan majalisar dokoki don neman canza yanayin kasa ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, alal misali, zuwa wata ƙasa da ta dogara da cikakken daidaito na farar hula da na kasa wanda ba ya ba da fifiko ga wata ƙungiya ta kasa fiye da ɗayan, har ma da toshe muhawara kan irin waɗannan shawarwari.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Mata sun fuskanci manyan matsalolin al'adu a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa masu wakiltar ƙungiyoyin addini masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma, a ƙaramin mataki, tsirarun Larabawa. A zaben 2015, Knesset mai mambobi 120 na da mambobi mata 29 da mambobi Larabawa 15. An nada mata uku a majalisar ministocin, kuma a karon farko, wata Balarabe Isra'ila ta jagoranci wani kwamiti na dindindin.

=== 'Yanci na addini ===
[[Fayil:Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg|left|thumb|Ganuwar Yamma, [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]]]]
Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2009 kan Isra'ila da yankunan da ta mamaye, &quot;Dokar Isra'ila ta Bada 'Yanci da Mutunci da 'Yanci ta tanadi 'yancin yin ibada kuma gabaɗaya Gwamnati na mutunta wannan hakki a aikace.&quot; Rahoton ya kara da cewa &quot;Manufar gwamnati ta ci gaba da goyon bayan gudanar da harkokin addini na 'yanci, duk da cewa ana ci gaba da nuna wariya na gwamnati da na shari'a ga wadanda ba Yahudawa ba da kuma na addinin Yahudanci ba&quot; kuma &quot;Yahudawa da yawa 'yan kasar sun ki amincewa da ikon Orthodox na keɓance kan muhimman al'amuran rayuwarsu.&quot; Rahoton ya bayyana cewa kimanin ‘yan kasar 310,000 da suka yi hijira zuwa Isra’ila a karkashin dokar komowa, ba mabiya addinin Orthodoks ke daukar Yahudawa ba, don haka ba za a iya aure ko a sake su ba, ko kuma a binne su a makabartun Yahudawan da ke cikin kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite report|last1=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan samun iko da Yammacin Kogin a shekarar 1967, Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin musulmi damar shiga masallatai, gami da [[Al-Aqsa]], da kuma damar Kirista zuwa majami'u. Isra'ila ta ba da kariya ga wuraren addini na addinan da ba na Yahudawa ba; mafi shahararren Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila (IDF) sun kama wani mutum wanda ya sanar da su shirinsa na kai hari Masallacin Al-Aqsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2006 |title=Police arrest J'lem rabbi who threatened to carry out terror attack on Temple Mount |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/770846.html |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu lokuta, bukukuwan kwanaki masu tsarki ta addinai daban-daban suna da damar haifar da rikici; don haka 'yan sanda na Isra'ila suna daukar matakai don kauce wa rikici tsakanin al'ummomi ta hanyar bayar da ƙuntatawa na wucin gadi kan motsi  da bautar da ake ji. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 September 2006 |title=Restrictions on Old City Jews During Ramadan – Inside Israel – Israel News |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=112595 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar wani rahoto na shekara ta 2009 daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Ofishin Demokraɗiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam, da Kwadago, Isra'ila ta gaza kasancewa al'umma mai juriya ko jam'i. A cewar rahoton, Isra'ila na nuna wariya ga Musulmai, Shaidun Jehobah, Yahudawa masu kawo sauyi, Kirista, mata da kuma Badawiyya. Dukkan wurare 137 masu tsarki da Isra'ila ta amince da su Yahudawa ne, suna yin watsi da kuma yin watsi da wuraren Kirista da na Musulmi, duk da Dokar Kare Wuraren Tsarkakewa ta 1967 da aka yi niyya don kare dukkan wurare masu tsarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 February 2009 |title=2008 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226174854/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |archive-date=26 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=[[US Department of State]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Baha'i|Bangaskiyar Bahá'í]] (a cikin 1960) tana kula da wurin zama na hukumomin su, Gidan Shari'a na Duniya, a Haifa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Baháʼí World Centre |url=http://www.bahai.org/dir/bwc |access-date=31 July 2006 |publisher=[[Baháʼí International Community]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] yana aiki a matsayin addini a Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Diamond Way Buddhism in Israel |url=http://www.buddhism.org.il/?newlang=english |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Diamond Way Buddhism}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Buddhanet's Middle East Buddhist Directory: Israel |url=http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm#israel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627120448/http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm |archive-date=27 June 2006 |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta wallafa nazarin tashin hankali na zamantakewa ta ƙasa. Cibiyar Hostilities Index (SHI) tana auna ayyukan ƙiyayya ta addini ta mutane, ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyin jama'a. &quot;Wannan ya haɗa da taron jama'a ko tashin hankali na ɗarika, cin zarafi kan tufafi saboda dalilai na addini, da sauran tsoratar da addini ko cin zarafi. &quot;  A cikin shekarar 2007, Isra'ila tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 10 da ke da maki sama da 7.1 a sikelin 10; a cikin 2010, Isra'ila da yankunan Palasdinawa sun kasance biyu daga cikin yankuna 15 da ke da mafi girman ƙimar SHI.&lt;ref name=&quot;pewforum.org&quot; /&gt;

=== Dokokin aure da saki ===
Ma'aurata da ke son yin aure na iya yin hakan ne kawai ta hanyar bikin addini, idan Yahudawa, [[Aure a Musulunci|Musulmi]], Kirista, ko wasu. Ma'aurata marasa addini, tun daga shekara ta 2014, na iya samun wani nau'in auren farar hula a Isra'ila, kuma su sami [[Relationships Card|Katin Dangantaka]] ta sabuwar kungiyar da ke canza matsayinsu ga ma'aurata, kuma suna ba su duk hakkokin da suka fito daga gare ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=רשומות הכנסת, קובץ התקנות, 7326, הודעת ברית הזוגיות לחסרי דת (אגרות), התשע&quot;ד-2014. עמוד 486. |url=http://www.justice.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/97DAEDE3-9271-40E7-ADF9-4C91058FAF75/42863/7326.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=משפחה חדשה |url=http://www.news1.co.il/uploadFiles/543728053569794.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=News1.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2014 |title=לראשונה: תעודת הזוגיות של &quot;משפחה חדשה&quot; הוכרה כנישואים |url=http://www.mako.co.il/pride-news/local/Article-bf5f377c4709a41006.htm |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Mako.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aure na doka na yau da kullun yana ba ma'aurata hakkoki iri ɗaya da ma'auratan ke morewa. 'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila na iya tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje don auren farar hula, wanda ke da alhakin a ƙarƙashin dokar Isra'ila.

A lokacin Al-Aqsa Intifada a shekara ta 2003, Knesset ta yi gyare-gyare na wucin gadi ga Dokar 'yan kasa da shiga cikin Dokar Isra'ila wanda ya hana Palasdinawa da suka yi aure ga Isra'ilawa samun'ila ko zama. Masu sukar suna jayayya cewa dokar wariyar launin fata ce saboda an yi niyya ne ga Larabawa na Isra'ila waɗanda ke da yiwuwar samun ma'aurata Palasdinawa fiye da sauran Isra'ilawa; masu kare sun ce dokar tana da niyyar hana hare-haren ta'addanci da kiyaye halin Yahudawa na Isra'ilawa. Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambanci tsakanin launin fata ya amince da ƙuduri cewa dokar Isra'ila ta keta yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya game da wariyar launin fata. Jakadan Isra'ila a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva, [[Yaakov Levy]], ya ce ƙudurin &quot;ya kasance mai zurfi na siyasa&quot;, yana mai nuna rashin nasarar kwamitin na ba da buƙatar Isra'ila don gabatar da shaidar &quot;biyan dokar da ke cikin dokar kasa da kasa da kuma aiki&quot;, misalai na &quot;batutuwa masu yawa [inda] ba da matsayin doka ga matan Palasdinawa na mazaunan Isra'ila  yi amfani da shi da mazaunan Palasdinawa don Ta'addanci na kashe kansa&quot;, da kuma watsi da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Turai batun ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Babban Kotun Isra'ila.[was]

Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI) ta shigar da takarda don a soke dokar  amma Kotun Koli ta amince da ita a shekara ta 2006.  A cikin tsara dokar, gwamnati ta ambaci, &quot;bayanan da jami'an tsaro suka gabatar, wanda ya ce kungiyoyin ta'addanci suna ƙoƙarin tattara Palasdinawa waɗanda suka riga sun karɓi ko za su karɓi takardun Isra'ila kuma cewa jami'an tsaron suna da wahalar rarrabe tsakanin Palasdinawa da za su iya taimaka wa 'yan ta'adda da waɗanda ba za su ba&quot;. A cikin hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila game da wannan al'amari, Mataimakin Babban Alkalin Shari'a Mishael Cheshin ya yi jayayya cewa, &quot;yan ƙasar Isra'ila  jin daɗin haƙƙin tsarin mulki don kawo ɗan ƙasar waje zuwa Isra'ila... kuma haƙƙin - ƙari, wajibi ne - na jihar, na kowace jiha, don kare mazaunanta daga waɗanda ke son cutar da su. &quot;

A shekara ta 2009, Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka na Dimokuradiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ayyuka sun soki rashin auren farar hula da saki a Isra'ila ga baƙi waɗanda ba a dauke su Yahudawa a ƙarƙashin dokar rabbi ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Human rights activists have criticised Israel's stay of exit order, saying it unfairly targets divorced men by preventing them from leaving the country indefinitely until they settle the full child support arrears of their children until age 18. While this could easily amount to obligations in the millions of US dollars, even a US$100 debt can trigger a stay of exit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CCF Israel Report of the Israeli Civil Society |url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=tbinternet.ohchr.org |publisher=ccfisrael.org |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106020129/https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The men are required to pay 100% or more of their income, and are jailed for 21 days each time they miss a monthly payment. In 2021, it was reported that an Australian man who was divorced from his Israeli wife was detained from leaving the country in 2013, with the stay of exit being in force until 31 December 9999, or until he paid $3 million in child support arrears. Marianne Azizi, British journalist and head of Coalition of the Children and Families in Israel (CCF), estimated that hundreds more Australians were trapped in the country as a result of the stay of exit. She had been informed by British Embassy officials in Tel Aviv that 100 British nationals per month had been reaching out to them for help in getting out of the country.&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian&quot; /&gt;

A watan Maris na 2019, Azizi ta ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu a Geneva game da take hakkin dan Adam da ta ci gaba da kasancewa sakamakon kai tsaye sakamakon ka'idojin tallafawa yara kanana a Isra'ila, tana mai cewa &quot;... Rayuwar ubanni sama da 2,000 a kashe kansu yana da tsada&quot;. Ta ce Isra'ilawa ba sa bayar da rahoton take hakin bil'adama saboda tsoron &quot;sakamako&quot;, kamar yadda wasu masu fafutuka suka kwace musu 'ya'yansu. Lauyan Mickey Givati, wanda ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya ya ba shi izinin taimakawa baki daga Isra'ila, ya shaida cewa an sanya na'urorin bin diddigin a cikin motarsa da gidansa da kuma wayarsa, kuma an ajiye 'ya'yansa a wani matsuguni ba bisa ka'ida ba.

=== Tsarin shari'a da shari'ar aikata laifuka ===
Dokar Isra'ila ta tanadi 'yancin yin shari'a ta gaskiya da kuma shari'a mai zaman kanta. Rahoton da Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra’ila ya nuna cewa a wasu lokuta kotuna suna yanke hukunci a kan bangaren zartarwa, ciki har da wasu shari’o’in tsaro. Kungiyoyin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam sun yi imanin ana mutunta wadannan bukatu gaba daya. Tsarin yana da adawa kuma ƙwararrun alkalai ne ke yanke hukunci. Wadanda ake tuhuma marasa galihu suna samun wakilci na tilas. Wasu yankunan kasar na karkashin ikon shari'a daban-daban na kotunan soji. An yi imanin cewa waɗannan kotuna sun yi daidai da sauran kotunan laifuka na Isra'ila kan batutuwan da suka shafi fararen hula. Ba za a iya yanke hukunci a waɗannan kotuna bisa ikirari kaɗai ba.

=== Hukuncin kisa ===
A halin yanzu dai dokar Isra'ila ta ba da damar yanke hukuncin kisa kan manyan laifukan da aka aikata a lokacin yaki, amma an soke shi a lokacin zaman lafiya. Laifukan da ake aikatawa a lokacin yaƙi sun haɗa da kisan kiyashi, laifuffukan da ake yi wa Yahudawa, laifuffukan cin zarafin ɗan adam, da laifukan yaƙi. Mutum daya tilo da aka taba yankewa hukuncin kisa bayan an same shi da laifi a wata kotun farar hula ta Isra’ila shi ne mai laifin yakin Nazi Adolf Eichmann .

=== 'Yancin fursunoni ===
B'Tselem ta ruwaito cewa an yi ta azabtar da mutanen da ba a zarginsu da aikata laifuka, wadanda suka hada da malaman addini, shehunai da malaman addini, masu fafutuka a kungiyoyin agaji, da daliban Musulunci. Sauran da za a azabtar da su sun hada da ’yan’uwa da sauran dangin mutanen da aka lissafa a matsayin wadanda ake so da kuma duk wani Bafalasdine a cikin aikin injiniya. A wasu lokutan kuma, an kama matan da ake tsare da su tare da wulakanta su don kara matsa wa mazajensu. Jami’an ISA a wasu lokutan suna azabtar da Falasdinawa domin daukar su a matsayin masu hada kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Background of the High Court of Justice's Decision |url=http://www.btselem.org/torture/background |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

B'Tselem ta kiyasta cewa ISA na yin tambayoyi tsakanin Falasdinawa 1,000 zuwa 1,500 a kowace shekara kuma tana amfani da hanyoyin da za su zama azabtarwa ga wasu kashi 85 cikin 100 na su, akalla mutane 850 a shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;/&gt;

[[Amnesty International]] ta kuma bayar da rahoton yin amfani da azabtarwa ga fursunonin Palasdinawa, tare da tsare-tsare, ba tare da shari'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Human rights in Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty ta ruwaito cewa an tsare Palasdinawa sama da 2,200 daga yankin Yammacin da aka mamaye a watan farko na Yaƙin Gaza na shekarar 2023. Bayanai da rikodin bidiyo sun nuna azabtar da fursunoni, gami da mummunan duka da wulakanci ga fursunoni.  Ta hanyar tilasta musu su sa kawunansu su kwanta, su durƙusa a ƙasa yayin ƙididdigar fursunoni&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=Israel/OPT: Horrifying cases of torture and degrading treatment of Palestinian detainees amid spike in arbitrary arrests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/11/israel-opt-horrifying-cases-of-torture-and-degrading-treatment-of-palestinian-detainees-amid-spike-in-arbitrary-arrests/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani rahoto na shekara ta 1978 daga karamin ofishin jakadancin da ke birnin Kudus ya bayyana shari’ar sojan da aka yi wa wasu matasa ‘yan kasar Amurka guda biyu wadanda suka ba da rahoton cewa mahukuntan Isra’ila sun yi amfani da karfin tuwo wajen samun ikirari daga wajensu. Rahoton ya kammala da cewa hukumomin Isra'ila na sane da cewa mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da &quot;tilastawa ta jiki da musgunawa&quot; wajen samun ikirari.

Hukumar Landau ta shekarar 1987, karkashin jagorancin mai shari'a Moshe Landau na Kotun Koli, an nada ta ne domin ta binciki hanyoyin tambayoyi na Hukumar Tsaron Isra'ila (ISA) kuma ta ce &quot;ba za a iya guje wa yin matsananciyar matsin lamba ba&quot;. Duk da haka, hukumar ta yi Allah wadai da wata takarda ta cikin gida ta shekarar 1982 wadda ta umurci masu yin tambayoyi kan irin karyar da ya kamata su yi a kotu lokacin da suke musanta cewa za su yi amfani da karfin jiki wajen samun ikirari. Ta yi Allah-wadai da shedar karya da abin ya shafa amma ta ba da shawarar a guji hukunta wadanda suka aikata ta. Sashi na biyu na rahoton Landau ya kasance sirri ne, an yi imanin cewa yana ɗauke da ƙa'idodin hanyoyin tambayoyi da aka halatta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Landau Commission examined interrogation methods |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/Torture/Background.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hukumar Landau ta kai ga daruruwan korafe-korafe da Falasdinawa da ake tsare da su suka yi na korafin cewa an yi amfani da karfi a kansu a lokacin da ISA ke yi musu tambayoyi. A cikin keɓantattun shari'o'i, an ba da umarnin wucin gadi na ɗan lokaci da ke hana ISA amfani da duka ko wasu hanyoyin, amma a watan Satumba na 1999, Kotun Koli ta ƙi yanke hukunci ko suna da doka a ƙarƙashin dokokin Isra'ila da na duniya.

A cikin 1994, Rahoton Kwanturolan Jiha (wanda aka fitar a taƙaitaccen tsari a cikin Fabrairu 2000) ya gano cewa hanyoyin tambayoyin ISA sun saba wa doka, ƙa'idodin Hukumar Landau, da ƙa'idodin cikin gida wanda sabis ɗin kansa ya tsara.

A watan Yulin shekarar 2002, ''Haaretz'' ya nakalto wani babban jami'in ISA yana cewa, tun lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke shawara, an bayyana Falasdinawa 90 a matsayin &quot;bamai masu saurin kai&quot; da kuma &quot;hanyar tambayoyi masu ban mamaki, &quot;watau azabtarwa, an yi amfani da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ha'aretz quoted a senior GSS official |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/torture/ |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran masu tambayoyin Isra'ila sun yarda cewa ISA &quot;tana amfani da duk wani magudi mai yiwuwa, har zuwa girgiza da bugawa. &quot; Yawancin bayanan daga Falasdinawa sun tabbatar da cewa azabtarwa har yanzu yana cikin tambayoyin Israʼila. 

According to a 2011 report by two Israeli human rights organisations, the Public Committee Against Torture (PCAT) and Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), Israeli doctors fail to report suspected torture and conceal related information, allowing Israeli Security Agency interrogators to use torture against Palestinian detainees.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harriet Sherwood |date=3 November 2011 |title=Israeli doctors 'failing to report torture of Palestinian detainees' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/03/israeli-doctors-report-torture-palestinian |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, wata doka ta ba da izinin tilasta ciyar da fursunoni masu fama da yunwa. Koyaya, Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Isra'ila ta bayyana dokar ba ta da kyau kuma ta bukaci likitoci da su ƙi aiwatar da ita.

==== Shirye-shiryen ilimi ====
Ana ba fursunoni damar ɗaukar darussan kan layi daga Open University of Israel, da kuma kammala digiri na ilimi. Wannan ba haƙƙin da aka ba shi ba ne amma fa'ida, dangane da halin kirki, tare da hukumomin kurkuku suna biyan kuɗin karatunsu na jami'a. Darussan suna cikin fannoni na: bil'adama, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, gudanarwa, ilimin halayyar dan adam da kimiyyar siyasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;knesset.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yaniv Ronen |date=28 November 2012 |title=לימודים אקדמיים של אסירים ביטחוניים |trans-title=Academic studies of security prisoners |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504160748/https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2015 |language=he}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar ita ce ta ba fursunoni kayan aiki don magance rayuwa a waje, don haka bayan an sake su daga kurkuku za su sami ilimi mai dacewa don taimaka musu samun aiki, da kuma hana su komawa rayuwar aikata laifuka.

==== Fursunoni na siyasa ====
A cikin shekarar 2011, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-Moon ya ce Isra'ila ta tsare dubban Palasdinawa a matsayin fursunonin siyasa, kuma ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta sake su. Ban ya ce sakin fursunonin siyasa zai &quot;yi aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar gina amincewa&quot; kuma ya bunkasa damar zaman lafiya a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 March 2011 |title=United Nations News Centre |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=37698&amp;Cr=palestin&amp;Cr1 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=UN News Service Section}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty International ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta saki fursunonin siyasa, tana mai cewa &quot;duk fursunonin siyasar da aka tsare ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba ya kamata a yi musu shari'a a shari'a ko kuma a sake su nan da nan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press Releases |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603062041/http://amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |archive-date=3 June 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

John Dugard ya kwatanta zaman kurkukun da Isra'ila ke yi wa Falasdinawa da manufofin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, yana mai cewa &quot;'Yan sandan tsaron wariyar launin fata sun aiwatar da azabtarwa sosai, haka ma jami'an tsaron Isra'ila. Akwai fursunonin siyasa da dama a tsibirin Robben amma akwai karin fursunonin siyasa na Falasdinawa a gidajen kurkukun Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=John Dugard |title=Apartheid and the occupation of Palestine |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/11/201111395153781378.html |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Tsayar da gudanarwa =====
Tsayawa na gudanarwa hanya ce da ake tsare fursunoni ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba. An ba da izinin hukunce-hukuncen ta hanyar umarnin gudanarwa daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Isra'ila ko kwamandojin soja na Isra'ila. [[Amnesty International]] ta yi imanin cewa aikin ya karya Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa wanda &quot;ya bayyana cewa babu wanda ya kamata a tsare shi da gangan kuma cewa hana 'yanci dole ne ya dogara da dalilai da hanyoyin da doka ta kafa&quot;. Amnesty International ta kuma damu da cewa fursunonin lamiri suna &quot;tsare ne kawai don yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya ba tare da tashin hankali ba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 1997 |title=Administrative detention: Despair, uncertainty and lack of due process |url=http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES\ISRAEL\OCCUPIED+TERRITORIES |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922021743/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES%5CISRAEL%5COCCUPIED%2BTERRITORIES |archive-date=22 September 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar B'Tselem a halin yanzu akwai Falasdinawa 645 da ke tsare a karkashin tsare-tsare ta Isra'ila da kuma 105 ta IDF. Yawancin ana kiyaye su a Yammacin Kogin Yamma a sansanin Soja na Ofer ko a sansanin soja na Ansar 3 / Ketziot a cikin hamadar Negev . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 July 2006 |title=Administrative Detention |url=http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824195154/http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |archive-date=24 August 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Shirye-shiryen ilimi a kurkuku don tsare-tsare =====
A shekara ta 2009, akwai fursunonin Palasdinawa 250 da ke karatu a Jami'ar Isra'ila. A watan Yunin shekarar 2011, Firayim Minista Benjamin Netanyahu ya sanar, don mayar da martani ga dakatar da tattaunawar zaman lafiya, cewa ba za a ba fursunonin Palasdinawa damar neman digiri na ilimi a kurkuku ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Barak Ravid |date=23 June 2011 |title=Netanyahu: Israel to toughen conditions of Palestinian prisoners |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/netanyahu-israel-to-toughen-conditions-of-palestinian-prisoners-1.369269 |access-date=16 May 2012 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshen shekara ta 2012, fursunoni uku sun daukaka kara ga Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya ki amincewa da roko. A cikin hukunce-hukuncen su, alƙalai sun bayyana cewa haƙƙin samun ilimi na jami'a kyauta bai shafi waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci na laifuffukan ta'addanci ba. Hukuncin, duk da haka, ya yi kira ga hukumomin kurkuku da su &quot;yi la'akari&quot; da yanke shawara game da shari'o'in fursunoni da suka riga sun kasance a tsakiyar shirye-shiryen ilimi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 December 2012 |title=Court: End of Free College for Terrorists |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/163549 |access-date=24 March 2014 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 'Yanci na magana da kafofin watsa labarai ===
[[Fayil:Israeli_Press_1949.jpg|thumb|Sashe na jaridu na Isra'ila a cikin 1949.]]
Censorship a Isra'ila ana gudanar da shi ne a hukumance ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila, wani sashi a cikin gwamnatin Isra'ila wanda aka ba shi aiki a hukumance don aiwatar da censorship na kariya game da buga bayanan da zasu iya shafar tsaro Isra'ila. Babban mai binciken Isra'ila ne ke jagorantar hukumar, jami'in soja wanda Ministan Tsaro na Isra'ila ya nada, wanda ya ba Babban mai binciken ikon hana bayanan da ya ga ya dace da kasancewa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aluf Benn |date=July–August 2001 |title=Israel: Censoring the past |url=http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619213158/http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences |publisher=University of Maryland}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=P.R. Kumaraswamy |date=September 1998 |title=India and Israel: Evolving Strategic Partnership |url=http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/publications/40pub.html |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Mideast Security and Policy Studies |publisher=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamar Shirin [[makaman nukiliya]] na Isra'ilawa da ayyukan soja na Isra'il a waje da iyakokinta. A matsakaici, labaran jarida 2240 a Isra'ila suna tantancewa ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila a kowace shekara, kusan 240 daga cikinsu a cikakke, kuma kusan 2000 a wani ɓangare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2021 |title=נתונים חדשים חושפים טפח מאחורי הקלעים של יחסי הצנזורה הצבאית והעיתונות הישראלית |url=https://www.the7eye.org.il/419412 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=העין השביעית |language=he-IL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dole ne a gabatar da labarai game da batutuwan da za su iya kawo rigima ga Mai binciken Sojojin Isra'ila a gaba; rashin yin hakan na iya sa mai ba da rahoto ya rasa damarsa na aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Isra'ila  kuma, game da manema labarai na ƙasashen waje, a hana shi daga ƙasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;BBCsorry&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2005 |title=BBC says sorry to Israel |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/mar/12/israel.broadcasting |website=the Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Matar |first=Haggai |date=2020-03-09 |title=IDF censor redacted two thousand news items in 2019 |url=https://www.972mag.com/idf-censor-israeli-media-2019/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=+972 Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=IDF Military Censor banned nearly 300 articles last year |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/idf-military-censor-banned-nearly-300-articles-last-year-562318 |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila, &quot;doka ta tanadi 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da 'yan jarida, kuma gaba daya gwamnati na mutunta wadannan hakkoki a aikace idan aka yi la'akari da takunkumin da ya shafi tsaro.&quot; Dokar ta tanadi 'yancin yin taro da ƙungiyoyi, kuma gabaɗaya gwamnati na mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a aikace.

Wasu jami'an gwamnati da wasu na sukar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da Isra'ila ke da shi a lokacin da suke gudun hijira daga [[zirin Gaza]] da yammacin kogin Jordan. Wannan ya haifar da sukar da ake cewa &quot;Hukumomi sun dauki matakan da ba su dace ba, tare da cin zarafin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da zanga-zangar siyasa ba tare da wani dalili ba.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;acri&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=ACRI Report Slashes Civil Rights Abuses and Privatization |url=http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060622145646/http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-date=22 June 2006 |access-date=28 July 2006 |website=Annual Report on Israel |publisher=The Association for Civil Rights in Israel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Isra'ila, manufofin gwamnatinta suna fuskantar zargi daga manema labarai da kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban na siyasa, haƙƙin ɗan adam da masu sa ido,   wadanda suka hada da Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI), B'Tselem, Machsom Watch, Mata a cikin Baƙar fata da Mata don Isra'ila Gobe. A cewar kungiyar 'yancin' yan jarida Reporters Without Borders, &quot;Kafofin yada labarai na Isra'ila sun sake kasancewa a cikin shekarar 2005 wadanda kawai ke da' yancin gaske don yin magana. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Israel – Annual report 2006 |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181318/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=12 August 2006 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, a cikin 2010, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da ke aiki a Isra'ila suka koka game da mummunan yanayi a kasar, kuma sun ce suna fuskantar hari saboda sukar manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyoyin sun ce wasu shugabannin Isra'ila suna ganin zargi da kare hakkin dan adam a matsayin barazana ga halattacciyar Isra'ila, musamman bayan Zargin laifukan yaki da sojojin Isra'ila game da Yakin Gaza (2008-09). 

A shekara ta 2009, Isra'ila ta kasance ta 93 a cikin Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index, daga shekarar da ta gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Reporters Without Borders – Press Freedom Index 2009 |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2013, Isra'ila ta sauka zuwa 112 daga cikin kasashe 179 a cikin Freedom Index na jarida. 'Yan jarida ba tare da iyaka ba sun bayyana cewa canjin ya faru ne saboda ayyukan Isra'ila a cikin Operation Pillar of Defense lokacin da ta ce &quot;Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila da gangan sun kai hari kan' yan jarida da gine-gine inda kafofin watsa labarai da ke da alaƙa da Hamas ke da mahalli&quot;. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta soki kama 'yan jarida na Palasdinawa da kuma tantancewar soja. Freedom House ta sanya Isra'ila a matsayin mai yanayin kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Sashi na 'yanci&quot; a cikin shekara ta 2009. A baya, Isra'ila ita ce kadai kasar da ke cikin yankin da ke da kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Free&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Press Freedom Rankings by Region 2009 |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&amp;year=2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) A cikin shekarar 2023, Isra'ila da kanta, ba tare da haɗa Gaza Strip ko Gabashin Urushalima ba, an jera su a matsayin &quot;Free&quot;,  yayin da Gaza Strip da West Bank suka kasance &quot;Ba Free ba&quot;.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israel: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/israel/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gaza Strip: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/gaza-strip/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=West Bank: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/west-bank/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2003, hukumar fim din Isra'ila ta haramta nuna fim din kasuwanci game da [[Jenin]]_(2002)&quot; id=&quot;mwAxM&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Battle of Jenin (2002)&quot;&gt;Yaƙin Jenin na 2002.  Fim din, ''Jenin, Jenin'' ne, tarin ganawa ne da mazaunan sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Jenin da aka yi fim a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2002, mako guda bayan yakin. Mohammad Bakri, Larabawa na Isra'ila, ya jagoranci fim din. An dakatar da fim din ne saboda zargin da ake yi na [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]] da Sojojin Isra'ila suka aikata, wanda hukumar ta yi la'akari da karya da cutar da iyalan sojoji. Bayan shari'ar shari'a, an shigar da takarda a Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya soke shawarar hukumar, kuma ya ba da izinin nuna fim din a cikin fina-finai &quot;don jama'a su yanke shawara&quot;, yayin da yake lura cewa fim din &quot;cike da ƙarya&quot;, ba fim ba ne, kuma an yi shi &quot;ba tare da bangaskiya ba&quot;, ta hanyar ƙarya yana nuna sojojin Isra'ila a matsayin &quot;mafi munin masu aikata laifuka&quot;.

A watan Janairun 2011, majalisar dokokin Isra'ila ta amince da wani kuduri na hannun dama na binciken wasu sanannun kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na Isra'ila saboda &quot;lalata&quot; sojojinta. Binciken zai haifar da bincike kan tallafin kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da dama wadanda suka soki manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila ta bayyana matakin a matsayin &quot;mummunan rauni&quot; ga demokradiyyar Isra'ila, kuma masu sukar manufofin sun yi wa manufar &quot;McCarthyist&quot;.

A cikin shekara ta 2015, Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta amince da manyan tanadi na dokar da ke haifar da sakamako ga waɗanda ke kira ga kauracewa Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye. Hukuncin ya haifar da muhawara, tare da wasu nuna rashin amincewa da shi yana kawo karshen 'yancin magana yayin da wasu ke cewa yana tabbatar da matsayin Isra'ila kan &quot;tsarin lalacewar BDS&quot; (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement). Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila sun yi korafi game da dokar, suna mai cewa ta keta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Magoya bayan dokar sun ce ta haramta &quot; nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin ƙasa&quot;.  &quot;Don cire kiran kauracewa daga rukunin 'yancin magana ba daidai ba ne&quot;, in ji Rabbi David Rosenn, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na New Israel Fund (NIF). &quot;Babu wani bangare na daban don magana wanda ke siyasa. Magana mafi mahimmanci shine siyasa, kuma ya kamata mutane su sami damar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ba tare da tsoron takunkumin gwamnati ba. &quot;

Dokar ta ba 'yan sanda damar iyakance tunzura ga tashin hankali ko kalaman ƙiyayya kuma ta haramta kiran mutane &quot;Nazis&quot; ko &quot;fascists&quot;. Dokar Rigakafin Ta'addanci ta hana bayyana goyon bayan kungiyar da ake ganin ta sabawa doka ko ta'addanci.

On 24 November 2024, Israel's government ordered a boycott of the newspaper ''Haaretz'' by government officials and anyone working for a government-funded body, and banned government advertising with the newspaper. According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''Haaretz'' &quot;had published a series of investigations of wrongdoing or abuses by senior officials and the armed forces, and has long been in the crosshairs of the current government.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2023, wani rahoto daga Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya nuna cewa Isra'ila ta kasance ta shida mafi girma a duniya don kama' yan jarida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israeli arrests of Palestinian journalists soared in 2023: CPJ |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/18/israeli-arrests-of-palestinian-journalists-soared-in-2023-cpj |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin Yaƙin Gaza, Falasdinawa sun bayyana cin zarafin soja a kan sakonnin kafofin sada zumunta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Molana-Allen |first=Leila |title=Palestinians describe harassment from Israeli forces over social media posts during war |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/palestinians-describe-harassment-from-israeli-forces-over-social-media-posts-during-war |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2024, Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya sanya Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasa ta biyu mafi muni a duniya don ba da damar masu kisan 'yan jarida su tafi ba tare da hukunta su ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Liam |title=Haiti, Israel ranked worst for securing justice in journalist killings |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/haiti-israel-ranked-worst-for-securing-justice-in-journalist-killings/7845113.html |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Voice of America}}&lt;/ref&gt;

; 'Yan Jarida Ba tare da iyakoki ba

Kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta fitar da rahoto na shekara-shekara kan 'yancin 'yan jarida a duniya, mai suna Index na 'Yancin Jarida. An fara buga irin wannan na farko a shekara ta 2002. Sakamakon da Isra'ila da Hukumar Falasdinawa ta samu daga 2002 zuwa yau an nuna su a ƙasa, tare da ƙananan lambobi suna nuna kyakkyawar kulawa ga 'yan jarida:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:1em auto;&quot;
!Shekara
!Isra'ila (Yankin Isra'ila) 
!Isra'ila (na waje) 
!Hukumomin Palasdinawa
!Mafi munin Shekara
!Rahoton URL
|-
|2002
|92
|Ba a bayyana ba
|82
|139
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213848/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|44
|146
|130
|166
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213853/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
|36
|115
|127
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220042227/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |archive-date=20 December 2008 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|47
|Ba a bayyana ba
|132
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429110315/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |archive-date=29 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|50
|135
|134
|168
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604161952/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |archive-date=4 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|44
|103
|158
|169
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421060910/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |archive-date=21 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|46
|149
|163
|173
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607100340/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |archive-date=7 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|93
|150
|161
|175
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Hakkin sirri ==
A cewar wani rahoto na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra'ila, &quot;[l] aws da ka'idoji sun tanadi kariya ga sirrin mutum da na gida. A cikin shari'o'in laifuka doka ta ba da izinin sauraron waya a karkashin umarnin kotu; a lokuta na tsaro dole ne ma'aikatar tsaro ta ba da oda.&quot;

== 'Yancin mata ==
Aure da saki suna karkashin ikon kotuna na addini ne, wanda a aikace yake haifar da tsangwama ga mata a cikin wadannan bangarori na shari'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta zartar da dokar da ta ba da kariya ga mata daga tashin hankalin gida. A shekarar 2022, mata 24 abokan aikinsu ko wasu ‘yan uwansu ne a cewar ‘yan sandan Isra’ila, inda aka ce an kashe mata 69 a Isra’ila a tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa watan Agusta shekarar 2022. 40 daga cikin wadannan matan Palasdinawa ne, fiye da rabin wadannan shari’o’in ‘yan sanda ba su warware ba. Akasin haka, an warware shari’ar kowacce daga cikin kisan gilla 29 na matan Yahudawa da Isra’ilawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci ga mata.

Mata a Isra'ila ba koyaushe aka tabbatar da daidaiton jinsi a bayyane ba. Kodayake sanarwar 'yancin kai ta Isra'ila ta bayyana cewa &quot;Jam'iyyar Isra'ila [...] za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na' yancin zamantakewa da siyasa ga dukkan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini ba, launin fata ko jima'i,&quot; wannan ji ba a ba da ikon tsarin mulki ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1948 |title=The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel |url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/general/declaration-of-establishment-state-of-israel |access-date=January 29, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, kotunan Isra'ila, a tsawon lokaci, sun bayyana cewa daidaito tsakanin jinsi shine &quot;ka'idar tsarin shari'a&quot; a Isra'ila، kuma mata sun ga mafi yawan shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a ta Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2021 |title=Equality, Religion and Gender in Israel |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/equality-religion-and-gender-in-israel |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 July 2021 |title=Israel Women's Network |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/israel-womens-network |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1969, Isra'ila ta zabi Golda Meir a matsayin firaminista kuma ta zama kasa ta hudu da mace ke rike da irin wannan mukami. A shekara ta 2010, wakilan majalisar mata a Isra'ila ya kai kashi 18 cikin 100, wanda ya zarce na kasashen Larabawa da kashi 6 cikin 100, daidai da na majalisar dokokin Amurka, kuma ya yi kasa da matsakaicin kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasashen Scandinavia.

Majalisar dokokin Isra'ila, The Knesset, ta kafa kwamitin kula da matsayin mata don magance 'yancin mata. Makasudin da aka bayyana na wannan kwamiti shine hana wariya, yaki da cin zarafin mata, da inganta daidaito a harkokin siyasa, abubuwan rayuwa da ilimi. A cikin 1998, Knesset ta zartar da wata doka don &quot;Rigaka da Cin Duri da Jima'i&quot;.

Wani rahoto na shekarar 2009 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ya ambaci matsalolin auren jama'a, agunot ('mata masu sarka) ba za su iya saki ba tare da izinin miji ba), da kuma hidimar addu'o'in jinsin jinsi a bangon Yamma.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Ana haɓaka haƙƙoƙin mata ta hanyar &quot;Kawo Mata A Gaba: Haɗin Kan Mata&quot;, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar Asusun Haɗin gwiwar Mata na Yahudawa. Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda bakwai a Isra'ila sune Cibiyar Adva, Ruhun Mata, Itach-Maaki: Lauyoyin Mata don Adalci na zamantakewa, Cibiyar Mahut, Cibiyar Mata ta Isra'ila (IWN), Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki ga Mata (EEW) da Achoti ('yar'uwa) ga Mata a Isra'ila.

=== Mata Larabawa a Isra'ila ===
Matan Larabawa-Isra'ila suna shiga cikin harkokin gwamnati da na jama'a. Hussniya Jabara ita ce mace Balarabiya ta farko da ta fara aiki a majalisar Knesset. Dangane da sashe na 15 na Ma'aikatar Jama'a [waɗanda] mata da Larabawa-Isra'ilawa suna da haƙƙin tabbatar da aiki a aikin ma'aikacin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=העדפה מתקנת בעבודה ובשירות הציבורי |url=http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201010211/http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |archive-date=1 February 2013 |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Moital.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ayyuka masu kyau ===
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan mata na Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Hakkin LGBT ==
Hakkin 'Yan tsiraru na jima'i a Isra'ila ana ɗaukar su mafi haƙuri a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=LGBT+ rights and issues in the Middle East |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9457/CBP-9457.pdf |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=Commons Library Research Briefing, 9 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake Isra'ila ba ta halatta auren jinsi ɗaya ba, auren jinsi ɗaya da ke aiki a ƙasashen waje an amince da shi bisa doka a Isra'ila. Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin 'yancin jama'a ga yawan masu luwadi, gami da' yancin tallafi da amfanin abokin tarayya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Walzer |first=Lee |date=21 February 2002 |title=Queer in the Land of Sodom |url=http://www.thegully.com/essays/gaymundo/020220_gay_israel_history.html |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=The Gully}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isra'ila kuma ta ba da matsayin aure na doka ga ma'aurata na cikin gida na jinsi ɗaya. Dokar sodomy da aka gada daga Mandate na Burtaniya na Falasdinu an soke ta a shekarar 1988, kodayake akwai umarni mai bayyanawa da Babban Lauyan Isra'ila ya bayar a shekarar 1953 wanda ya umarci 'yan sanda da su guji aiwatar da wannan dokar, muddin babu wasu laifuka da suka shafi. Dokar kare hakkin ɗan luwaɗi ta ƙasa ta haramta wasu nuna bambanci ga 'yan luwadi, gami da aiki; ana yin wasu keɓancewa ga ƙungiyoyin addini. A baya, aikin soja na masu luwadi yana ƙarƙashin wasu ƙuntatawa. An ɗaga waɗannan ƙuntatawa a cikin 1993, suna ba da damar masu luwadi su yi aiki a bayyane a duk sassan sojoji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Homosexual rights around the world |url=http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210062004/http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |archive-date=10 December 2005 |access-date=20 November 2011 |website=Gay Rights Info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Maris 2014, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da umarni da ke nuna cewa an haɗa aikin tiyatar jima'i a cikin tallafin kiwon lafiya da aka ba wa 'yan ƙasa. Duk da haka, a cikin watan Mayu Haaretz ya ruwaito cewa wata kungiyar kula da lafiya ta ki biyan kudin tiyatar canjin jima'i guda biyu, wanda ya haifar da kashe kudade masu yawa daga marasa lafiya. Wata rundunar LGBTI ta kasa ta gano cewa kashi 80 cikin 100 na masu canza jinsi, kashi 50 na 'yan madigo da kashi 20 cikin 100 na mazan luwadi ana nuna musu wariya yayin neman aikin yi.

== Hakkin ƙasa ==
Asusun yahudawa (JNF) yana iko da kashi 13% na ƙasar Isra'ila; wannan ƙasa an keɓe ta ne don amfanin Yahudawan Isra'ila keɓanta. Kasa da kashi 4% na ƙasar Isra'ila mallakar ƴan ƙasar Larabawa ne, duk da Larabawa da ke da kashi 20% na al'ummar ƙasar. An ɗauka gabaɗaya, kashi 93% na ƙasar a Isra'ila ana iko da ko dai ƙasar Isra'ila ko JNF; Ana kiran waɗannan ƙasashe a hukumance da &quot;ƙasashen Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Canje-canjen kwanan nan (wanda aka yi a cikin 2010) zuwa Dokar Kasa (Samun don Manufofin Jama'a) (1943), yana nufin tabbatar da ikon mallakar ƙasa na ƙasar da aka kwace daga Falasɗinawa (daga 1948 zuwa gaba) ta hanyar toshe iƙirarin Falasɗinawa na mallakar ƙasar da aka kwace a ƙarƙashin wannan doka, ko da a wuraren da ba a taɓa amfani da ita don dalilai na jama'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Cibiyar shari'ar Isra'ila Adalah ta bayar da rahoton cewa, &quot;A zahiri, an toshe Falasdinawa 'yan Isra'ila daga siye ko ba da hayar filaye a kusan kashi 80% na ƙasar Isra'ila bisa tushen ƙasarsu.&quot; Sakamakon, a cewarsu, shine &quot;mafi yawancin filayen gwamnati sun ƙunshi keɓaɓɓu, yankunan Yahudawa kaɗai.&quot; Adalah ya bayyana manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da ake aiwatar da keɓancewa daga mallakar filaye da amfani da su; ta hanyar abin da ake kira &quot;kwamitocin shiga&quot; da kuma ta hanyar abin da Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin manufofin nuna wariya na hukumomin jihohi da JNF.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Waɗannan kwamitocin shigar sun duba masu neman rukunin gidaje a garuruwan noma da al'umma a Isra'ila kuma sun haɗa da wani babban jami'i daga Ƙungiyar Sahayoniya ta Duniya ko Hukumar Yahudawa. Kusan garuruwa 700 a cikin Isra'ila (wanda ke lissafin kusan kashi 70% na duk garuruwan Isra'ila) suna da alaƙa da kwamitocin shiga. Sharuɗɗan da waɗannan kwamitocin suka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da ka'idojin dacewa, wanda Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin sabani da rashin gaskiya. Adalah ta ruwaito cewa ana tace Larabawa da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Isra'ila ta hanyar amfani da wannan ka'idojin dacewa. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Yahudawan Mizrahi da ƴan luwaɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, garuruwa da yawa a Isra'ila sun amince da dokoki da ke jaddada halayensu na Yahudawa, suna ƙayyade shigarwa cikin al'umma akan &quot;aminci ga hangen nesa na Zionist&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Nuna wariya ƙasar manufofin ne zuwa babban har kore da manufofin na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar ƙasar Isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin 1949 da 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF wakilan (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan ƙasar Isra'ila da ake kira manufofin ƙasa a cikin jihar 3. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan manufofin ya hana JNF ƙasar da za a ba wa waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

== Ƙananan kabilanci, dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci da shige da fice ==
Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu da Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan bambancin launin fata.

Nuna wariya ronu ne zuwa babban kore da tsofo na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da shekarar 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF rufi (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan Isra'ila a cikin iska daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin Isra'ila. hana JNF hadarin da za a ba wa koyarwa ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2009 |title=Gender and employment [Areas of work&amp;#93; |url=http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427190455/http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |archive-date=27 April 2009 |access-date=2010-07-22 |publisher=Ilo.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba ma'aikatan Larabawa a Ma'aikatu daban-daban &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Ma'aikatar
!% Ma'aikatan Larabawa 
|-
|Lafiya
|7.2
|-
|Ilimi
|6.2
|-
|Adalci
|3.9
|-
|Masana'antu, Ciniki da Aiki
|3.4
|-
|Sufuri
|2.3
|-
|Gidaje
|1.3
|-
|Kudi
|1.2
|}
Duk da Dokar Aiki (1998), kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah ta ba da rahoton cewa 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila suna fuskantar nuna bambanci a cikin damar aiki, albashi da yanayi. Adalah ta kuma ba da rahoton cewa jihar Isra'ila kanta (mafi girman ma'aikaci a Isra'ila) ba ta aiwatar da wannan dokar ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Misali, 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila da ke aiki a matsayin masu kwangila a cikin gyare-gyare a cibiyoyin ilimi na Isra'ilawa suna ƙarƙashin iyakancewa wanda Yahudawa Isra'ilawa ba sa ƙarƙashin su. Wannan ya haɗa da buƙatar dan kwangila ya hayar mai tsaro mai dauke da makami a wurin aiki a kan kuɗin kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khromchenko |first=Yulie |date=Mar 28, 2005 |title=Adalah Accuses Education Min. of Employment Discrimination |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240112202842/https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |access-date=12 Jan 2024 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila waɗanda mata ne, nakasassu, ko asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka suna da damar yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan Isra'ila na asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka, ko kuma masu nakasa, suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau game da shigar jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Council for Higher Education |url=http://che.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A1-1-%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%93.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=Che.org.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ייצוג הולם בשירות המדינה |url=http://www.csc.gov.il/DataBases/NewsLetters/NL19/Pages/AdequateRepresentation.aspx |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haramcin Wariya a Samfura, Sabis da Shiga Wuraren Nishaɗi da Wuraren Jama'a Dokar ta hana waɗanda ke gudanar da wuraren jama'a, ko ba da sabis ko samfura, don nuna bambanci saboda launin fata, addini, ƙasa, da ƙasar asali, da sauran dalilai. Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2010 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama ga Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye, dokokin Isra'ila sun hana nuna bambanci a kan launin fata, kuma gwamnati ta aiwatar da wadannan haramcin yadda ya kamata.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2010 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413173255/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |archive-date=13 April 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015 |publisher=US Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba Ayyuka ta Sashen da Kabilanci (2008) &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Aiki
!Ma'aikatan Larabawa (%) 
!Ma'aikatan Yahudawa (%) 
|-
|Gine-gine (maza) 
|28.4
|5.4
|-
|Ma'aikata marasa ƙwarewa
|14.6
|6.4
|-
|Ayyukan kasuwanci
|5.6
|14.3
|-
|Matsayi na gudanarwa
|2.3
|7.3
|-
|Bankin, inshora, da kudi
|0.8
|4.3
|}

=== 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila ===
Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta B'Tselem ta yi iƙirarin cewa an hana Larabawa a Urushalima haƙƙin zama, wanda ya haifar da karancin gidaje a yankunan Larabawa na Urushalima.

Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ta tuhumi cewa rage tallafin tsofaffi da kuma alawus-alawus na yara bisa aikin soji na iyaye na nuna wariya ga yaran Larabawa: &quot;Raguwar za ta kuma shafi 'ya'yan iyayen Yahudawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wadanda ba sa aikin soja, amma sun cancanci karin tallafin, gami da karin ilimi, wanda ba a samu ga yaran Larabawa na Falasdinu ba.&quot;

A cewar rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam ga Isra'ila da Yankunan da aka mamaye, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta yi &quot;ƙananan don rage nuna bambanci na hukuma, shari'a, da al'umma ga' yan ƙasar Larabawa&quot;.  Rahotanni na shekaru masu zuwa sun kuma gano nuna bambanci ga' yan asalin Larabawa a matsayin matsala ga Isra'ilawa, amma ba ta sake maimaita da'ila ta ba don rage nuna rashin nuna bambanci ba. 

Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam  ya lura cewa:

* Asusun Ƙasar Yahudawa (JNF) yana sarrafa kashi 12.5 cikin 100 na ƙasar jama'a amma dokokinta sun hana siyarwa ko hayar ƙasa ga waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba. A watan Oktoba, kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama sun shigar da kara ga Babban Kotun Shari'a suna da'awar cewa sanarwar da Gwamnatin Ƙasar Isra'ila (ILA) ta yi game da ƙasar JNF ta nuna bambanci saboda ta haramta Larabawa daga yin tayin. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2005, babban lauya ya yanke hukuncin cewa &quot;gwamnati ba za ta iya nuna bambanci ga Larabawa na Isra'ila a cikin tallace-tallace da rarraba ƙasashen da take sarrafawa ba, gami da na JNF.
* Kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na Isra'ila da Larabawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnati ta fi ƙuntatawa wajen bayar da izinin gini ga al'ummomin Larabawa da ƙalubalanci manufofin rushe gine-gine ba bisa ka'ida ba a bangaren Larabawa, yana iyakance ci gaban al'umma.
* &quot;A watan Yuni, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukuncin cewa barin garuruwan Larabawa daga wasu tsare-tsare na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na gwamnati na nuna wariya.
* An ƙalubalanci Tsarin Jagora na 1996 na Arewacin Isra'ila a matsayin wariya. Abubuwan da suka fi ba da fifiko sun haɗa da &quot;ƙara yawan Yahudawa na Galili da kuma toshe yanki na garuruwan Larabawa.&quot;
* Keɓe daga aikin soja na wajibi, yawancin Larabawa Isra'ila don haka ba su da damar samun dama fiye da sauran 'yan ƙasa zuwa fa'idodin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin wanda aikin soja ya zama buƙatu ko fa'ida, kamar gidaje, tallafin sabbin gidaje, da aikin yi, musamman aikin masana'antu na gwamnati ko na tsaro. Kwamitin Ivri kan yi wa kasa hidima ya ba da shawarwari a hukumance ga gwamnati cewa a ba wa Larabawa Isra'ila damar yin hidimar kasa.
* &quot;A bisa wani bincike da jami'ar Haifa ta gudanar a shekara ta 2003, akwai wani hali na sanya wa 'yan kasar Larabawa hukuncin dauri fiye da na Yahudawa. Masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama sun yi ikirarin cewa 'yan kasashen Larabawa sun fi fuskantar hukuncin kisa da kuma hana a bayar da belinsu.&quot;
* Rahoton hukumar Or Commission kan kisan ‘yan sanda na masu zanga-zangar Isra’ila da Larabawa ya gano cewa “sakamakon sakaci da wariya” gwamnati na tafiyar da bangaren Larabawa, tare da rabo ko albarkatun da bai dace ba wanda ke haifar da “mummunan wahala” daga al’umma. Abubuwan da ke nuna damuwa sun haɗa da talauci, rashin aikin yi, ƙarancin ƙasa, matsalolin ilimi, da nakasa abubuwan more rayuwa.

Rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila ya rubuta cewa: &quot;Gwamnati gaba daya tana mutunta hakkin 'yan kasarta; duk da haka, an sami matsaloli a wasu bangarori, ciki har da ... nuna wariya na hukumomi, shari'a, da kuma al'umma ga al'ummar Larabawa na kasar.&quot;

A cikin wani rahoto da ya mika wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bedouin ya yi ikirarin cewa suna fuskantar wariya kuma ba a daukarsu a matsayin 'yan kasa daidai a Isra'ila kuma ba a ba wa garuruwan Badouin hidima iri daya ba ko kuma filayen garuruwan Yahudawa masu girman gaske, kuma ba a ba su damar samun ruwa mai kyau. Birnin Be'er Sheva ya ki amincewa da wani wuri mai tsarki na Bedouin, duk da shawarar da Babbar Kotun ta bayar.

''Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2007 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam''  ya lura cewa:

* &quot;A cewar wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005 a Jami'ar Ibraniyawa, an kashe kuɗi sau uku a cikin ilimin yara Yahudawa kamar yadda yara Larabawa.&quot;

A watan Satumbar shekarar 2010, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta amince da gyare-gyare ga dokokin zama ɗan ƙasa na ƙasar. Shirin dokar ya tilasta wa duk wanda ke neman zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ya yi rantsuwa da &quot;Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasar Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot;. Larabawa na Isra'ila da kuma ƙungiyoyin hagu na Isra'ilawa ciki har da shugaban jam'iyyar adawa ta Kadima Tzipi Livni sun soki gyaran sosai. Masanin ilimin halayyar ilimi na Isra'ila Farfesa Gavriel Solomon ya ce rantsuwar aminci ta yi kama da Dokokin Nuremberg . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 October 2010 |title=Israeli academic: Loyalty oath resembles racist laws of 1935 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/israeli-academic-loyalty-oath-resembles-racist-laws-of-1935-1.318275 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magoya bayan gyaran sun bayyana cewa wadanda ba Yahudawa ba ne wadanda suka zama 'yan ƙasa suna buƙatar fahimtar cewa &quot;Jihar Isra'ila ita ce furcin kasa na ƙaddamar da kai na mutanen Yahudawa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2012 |title=Identifying with Israel's national character |url=http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-EdContributors/Article.aspx?id=190897 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isra'ila ta haramta 'yan ƙasa daga ziyartar ƙasashen abokan gaba ba tare da izini ba, ƙuntataccen tafiye-tafiye wanda, a cikin shekarar 2015, ya haɗa da Siriya, Iraki, Iran, Lebanon, Yemen, da Saudi Arabia. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah ta yi iƙirarin cewa wannan yana nuna bambanci ga 'yan asalin Larabawa da Isra'ila, kuma hukumomi ba su tsare Yahudawa ba bayan dawowa daga tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashe marasa izini kamar yadda suka yi da Larabawa Isra'ilawa. Har ila yau, an soki Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Isra'ila saboda nuna bambancin launin fata na 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah tana riƙe da jerin dokoki sama da 50 da take da'awar nuna bambanci ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. A cikin shekara ta 2015, an yi la'akari da launin fata na 'yan asalin Larabawa ta hanyar jami'an tsaro da sauran' yan ƙasa, da kuma hare-haren fansa a kan Larabawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2016&quot; /&gt;

Since the outbreak of the Gaza war, Israel has carried out mass arrests and detentions of Palestinians and Arab Israelis, with thousands arrested or detained in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories. On 5 November 2023, [[CNN]] reported that &quot;dozens&quot; of Palestinian residents and Arab citizens of Israel were arrested in Israel for expressions of solidarity with the civilian population of Gaza, sharing [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Quran]] verses, or expressing &quot;any support for the Palestinian people&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kottasová |first=Ivana |last2=Saifi |first2=Zeena |date=2023-11-05 |title='The reaction is extreme': Palestinians fear arrest if they voice sympathy for Gaza civilians |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/05/middleeast/palestinians-israel-fear-arrest-gaza-intl-cmd/index.html |website=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Haaretz'' described the widespread targeting of Arab Israelis by Israeli security forces. Referring to &quot;hundreds&quot; of interrogations, ''El País'' reported on 11 November that Israel increasingly treats its Arab minority as a &quot;potential fifth column&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pita |first=Antonio |date=2023-11-11 |title=Israel aumenta el cerco a su minoría árabe |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2023-11-11/israel-aumenta-el-cerco-a-su-minoria-arabe.html |website=El País |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ayyuka masu kyau ====
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau a cikin buƙatun shiga jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;/&gt;

=== Baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba da masu neman mafaka ===
Isra'ila jam'iyya ce ta jihar da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin [[Sudan]]_refugees_in_Israel&quot; id=&quot;mwBWo&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Sudanese refugees in Israel&quot;&gt;'yan gudun hijira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 April 2011 |title=Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b73b0d63.pdf |access-date=5 December 2012 |publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila suna la'akari da tsarin mafaka na Isra'ilawa da rashin adalci, kuma yawan amincewa da 'yan gudun hijira ya fi ƙasa da kashi 1%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Until our hearts are completely hardened, Report on asylum procedures in Israel, Hotline for Migrant Workers, April 2012 |url=http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018173547/http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga shekara ta 2003, kimanin baƙi 70,000 ba bisa ka'ida ba daga kasashe daban-daban na Afirka sun haye zuwa Isra'ila. Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 600 daga yankin Darfur na Sudan an ba su matsayin mazauna wucin gadi don sabuntawa kowace shekara, kodayake ba matsayin' yan gudun hijira na hukuma ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ACRI.org.il |url=http://www.acri.org.il/pdf/refugees0209en.pdf |access-date=25 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba da wasu 'yan gudun hijira 2,000 daga rikici tsakanin [[Eritrea]] da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] matsayin mazaunin wucin gadi a kan dalilai na jin kai, kodayake Isra'ila ta fi son kada ta gane su a matsayin' yan gudun hijira.

A cikin wani labari na shekarar 2012, ''Reuters'' ta ruwaito, &quot;Isra'ila na iya ɗaure baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba har zuwa shekaru uku a ƙarƙashin dokar da aka fara aiki a ranar Lahadi, wani jami'in Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ce, wani mataki da aka yi niyyar hana kwararar 'yan Afirka da ke shiga Isra'ila a kan iyakar hamada da Masar.  Ministan cikin gida Eli Yishai ya ce, &quot;Me ya sa muka yi rashin lafiya da zukata masu zubar da jini, gami da 'yan siyasa. Ayyuka za su zama mafi yawa a nan za su sa su zama jarirai, kuma wannan tayin ya sa Sudan ya fice su gudu zuwa duniya, kuma ya sa su zama mafi yawanci, kuma ya zama' yan gudun hijira za su gudu, kuma ya haifar da yawa, kuma ya fice ga Yesu Yesu ya sa suka fice, kuma ya fito da yawa, za su zama' yan kasa, kuma ya sami mafaka za su zama 'yan gudun hijira' yan gudunya suka ficececece' yan gudun

A karkashin Dokar Rigakafin Kutse ta 2014, duk masu ketare kan iyaka da ba bisa ka'ida ba an ayyana su a matsayin &quot;masu kutse&quot; kuma ana iya tsare su a gidan yarin Saharonim na tsawon watanni uku &quot;domin tantancewa&quot; sannan kuma watanni 12 a wurin Holhot mai nisa. Kamfanin dillancin labaran iqna ya habarta cewa, ya nakalto daga shafin sadarwa na yanar gizo na Hotline na ‘yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure cewa hukumomi sun mayar da fiye da rabin mutanen da ake tsare da su na Holot zuwa Saharonim har na tsawon watanni da dama saboda wasu laifukan da suka saba wa doka. A wasu jerin hukunce-hukuncen da kotun kolin ta yanke, ta yi watsi da cewa za a iya tsare bakin haure har abada, ta kuma ba da umarnin sakin bakin haure 1,178 'yan kasashen Eritrea da Sudan da ake tsare da su sama da shekara guda ba tare da tuhume su ba. Gwamnati ta hana wadannan masu neman mafaka daga Tel Aviv ko Eilat, inda za su kasance suna da al'ummomin tallafi da kuma samun damar yin ayyukan jin kai.

Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, tun daga shekarar 2011 yanayin 'yan gudun hijira a Isra'ila ya tabarbare &quot;saboda amincewa da manufofi da dokoki da nufin dakile masu neman mafaka a nan gaba ta hanyar yin wahala ga wadanda ke cikin kasar. Wadannan ayyuka sun kara tauye 'yancin jama'a da kuma karfafa barin kasar.&quot; Gwamnati za ta yi wahala a nemi izinin zama ɗan gudun hijira yayin da ake tsare da ita na tsawon shekara guda, kuma da zarar an sake shi za ta buƙaci masu neman su ba da hujjar rashin neman izini tun da farko. Ana kiran masu neman mafaka &quot;masu kutse&quot; ta gwamnati da kafafen yada labarai, wadanda ke danganta su da karuwar laifuka, cututtuka, da zaman banza.

=== 'Yan Afirka na Isra'ila ===
A cewar BBC, Yahudawa na Habasha da ke zaune a Isra'ila sun daɗe suna gunaguni game da nuna bambanci. Sun gudanar da tarurruka bayan yarjejeniyar da masu mallakar gidaje a kudancin Isra'ila suka yi don kada su hayar ko sayar da dukiyarsu ga Yahudawa na asalin Habasha. Al'ummar Yahudawa na Habasha sun shiga cikin zanga-zangar bayan bidiyon da ya fito wanda ya nuna 'yan sanda biyu suna doke soja na Habasha da Isra'ila, Demas Fekadeh . &lt;ref name=&quot;clash&quot; /&gt; Duk da yake zanga-zangar da dubban masu zanga-zambe suka yi da farko ba ta da tashin hankali, rikice-rikice da 'yan sanda sun ci gaba. ACRI ta yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan sanda sun kasa gargadi masu zanga-zangar kafin yin amfani da matakan watsa jama'a, kuma amfani da su bai karu a hankali ba. Gwamnati ta sauke tuhumar da aka yi wa Fekadeh, ta kammala cewa bai fara rikici da ya haifar da duka ba.

== Ilimi ==
[[Fayil:GalilSchoolSign.jpg|thumb|Alama a gaban Makarantar Galil, makarantar firamare ta [[Larabawa]] da Yahudawa a Isra'ila.]]
Dokar Ƴancin Dalibai ta [[Isra'ila]] ta shekarar 2000 ta haramta nuna bambanci ga ɗalibai saboda dalilai na ɗarika a shigarwa ko fitarwa daga cibiyar [[ilimi]], a cikin kafa tsarin karatun daban-daban ko gudanar da azuzuwan daban-daban a cikin wannan cibiyar ilimi guda, da kuma haƙƙoƙi da wajibai na ɗalibai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=חוק זכויות התלמיד באנגלית – Pupils' Rights Law |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/Zchuyot/ChukimVeamanot/Chukim/PupilsRightsLaw |access-date=16 May 2010 |publisher=Cms.education.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta aiwatar da wannan dokar, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar daga iyalan Orthodox waɗanda suka ki tura yaransu zuwa makarantu masu haɗin kai.
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

== Manazarta==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828804</id>
      <parentid>828803</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T14:21:40Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Lawan Bala</username>
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An bayyana Isra'ila a cikin Sanarwar cewa 'yancin kai a matsayin &quot;jaha ta Yahudawa&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Avalon Project : Declaration of Israel's Independence 1948 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Avalon.law.yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; - an karɓi ma'anar doka &quot;Jiha ta Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot; a shekara ta 1985. Baya ga yawancin Yahudawa a yankin ban da [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Yankunan Palasdinawa]] da aka mamaye, Isra'ila gida ce ga 'yan tsiraru na addini da kabilanci, wasu daga cikinsu suna ba da rahoton nuna bambanci. A cikin yankunan Palasdinawa, Gwamnatocin Isra'ila da suka biyo baya sun fuskanci zargi na kasa da kasa daga wasu ƙasashe da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da na cikin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=Israel's apartheid against Palestinians |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Amnesty International]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shakir |first=Omar |date=2021-04-27 |title=A Threshold Crossed |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution |journal=[[Human Rights Watch]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Apartheid |url=https://www.btselem.org/topic/apartheid |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[B'Tselem]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ארכיון Settler Violence |url=https://www.yesh-din.org/en/category/settler-violence/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Yesh Din]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗaya daga cikin Dokokin Ƙananan na Isra'ila, wanda aka nufa don zama tushen kundin tsarin mulki na gaba,  Dokokin Ƙarshen: Darajar Dan Adam da 'Yanci, babban kayan aiki ne don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da' yancin jama'a a Jihar Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gavison |first=Ruth |year=1985 |title=The Controversy over Israel's Bill of Rights |journal=Israel Yearbook of Human Rights |volume=15 |pages=113–154}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah sun nuna cewa wannan dokar ba ta ƙunshi tanadi na gaba ɗaya don daidaito da rashin nuna bambanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inequality Report: The Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel - Adalah |url=https://www.adalah.org/en/content/view/7404 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.adalah.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, sun bayar da rahoton take hakkin bil'adama da kasar Isra'ila ke yi, musamman kan wasu tsiraru. Wadannan rahotanni sun hada da take hakkokin Falasdinawa, na ciki da wajen Isra'ila da kuma wasu kungiyoyi a Isra'ila.

Freedom House ya bayyana Isra'ila a matsayin 'yanci na siyasa da dimokuradiyya fiye da kasashe makwabta a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 January 2013 |title=US watchdog: Israel is Mideast's only 'free' state |url=https://www.jpost.com/National-News/US-watchdog-Israel-is-Mideasts-only-free-state |access-date=21 August 2018 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar na shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, Isra'ila na fuskantar manyan matsalolin kare hakkin bil'adama game da nuna wariya ga hukumomi a kan al'ummar Larabawa na Isra'ila (da yawa daga cikinsu suna bayyana kansu a matsayin Falasdinu), 'yan Isra'ila da mata na Habasha, da kuma kula da 'yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure. Sauran matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam sun haɗa da nuna wariyar hukuma ga Yahudawa waɗanda ba 'yan Orthodox ba da kuma iyalai masu aure, da cin zarafin ma'aikata a kan ma'aikatan kasashen waje.

== Tarihi ==
Majalisar Tarayyar Al'ummai ta amince da ƙuduri a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1931 game da yanayin da ake buƙata kafin a kawo ƙarshen mulkin. Sabuwar gwamnati ta samar da wata sanarwa ta baki ko rubuce-rubuce da ta amince da karɓar wajibin tabbatar da daidaito na kabilanci da addinai. Wannan ƙuduri ya biyo bayan tsohuwar doka ta duniya a lokuta inda manyan iko suka taimaka wajen maido da ikon mallakar yankin. Ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan &quot;Gwamnatin Falasdinu ta nan gaba&quot; ya ƙunshi duka shirin rabuwa da Shirin Kare Ƙananan .  Ya sanya 'yan tsiraru, mata, da' yancin addini a ƙarƙashin kariya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya. Shirin ya ba da takamaiman tabbacin haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali. Sabbin jihohin sun samar da sanarwa, wanda bisa ga abin da ya gabata ya yi daidai da yarjejeniya.&lt;ref&gt;See International Human Rights in Context, Henry J. Steiner, Philip Alston, Ryan Goodman, Oxford University Press US, 2008, {{ISBN|0-19-927942-X}}, page 100&lt;/ref&gt; Kudin ya bayyana cewa &quot;ka'idojin da ke cikin sanarwar an gane su a matsayin manyan dokoki na Jiha, kuma babu wata doka, ka'ida ko aikin hukuma da za su saba wa ko tsoma baki da waɗannan ka'idojin, kuma babu wani doka, ka-idaita ko aikin hukumi da zai mamaye su&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, November 29, 1947, C. Declarations |url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029150108/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |archive-date=29 October 2006 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanarwar kafa kasar Isra'ila ta yi shelar, a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1948, cewa &quot;haƙƙin Yahudawa na sake haifuwa na ƙasa a cikin ƙasarta&quot; an amince da shi a cikin sanarwar Balfour na 2 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1917, kuma an sake tabbatar da shi a cikin Umurnin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya wanda, musamman, ya ba da izini na kasa da kasa da Isra'ila ga Isra'ila da Isra'ila. hakkin Yahudawa na sake gina Gidansa na Ƙasa.&quot; Har ila yau, ta ayyana cewa kasar &quot;za ta kasance a bude don hijirar Yahudawa da kuma tattara 'yan gudun hijirar; za ta bunkasa ci gaban kasar don amfanin dukan mazaunanta; za ta kasance bisa 'yanci, adalci da zaman lafiya kamar yadda annabawan Isra'ila suka tsara; za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na zamantakewa da 'yancin siyasa ga dukan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini, addini ko jinsi ba; za ta ba da tabbaci ga harshe, yanci ko jinsi; kiyaye Wurare Mai Tsarki na dukan addinai; kuma zai kasance da aminci ga ƙa'idodin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.&quot;

Wasu malaman Burtaniya suna jayayya cewa Isra'ila ba ta cika wajibinta na kare haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru ba.&lt;ref&gt;Yvonne Schmidt, &quot;Foundations of Civil and Political Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories&quot;, GRIN Verlag, 2008, {{ISBN|3-638-94450-6}}, page 98&lt;/ref&gt;

Asalin Dokar Isra'ila: Mutuncin Dan Adam da 'Yanci, ya ce muhimman haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Isra'ila za a kiyaye su bisa ga ƙa'idodin da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar, amma ta keɓance musamman dokar da ta riga ta fara aiki. Masana harkokin shari'a na Isra'ila sun ce an yi amfani da kalmomin dokar ne don guje wa wahalar ba da fifiko ga daidaito, wanda ba a san shi ba. Sakamakon shi ne cewa za a iya jujjuya ƙa'idar daidaito ta hanyar doka ta yau da kullun, kuma ba za ta yi watsi da ka'idodin doka ko na alƙalai ba.

== Matsayi na 'yanci,' yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a a Isra'ila ==

=== 'Yancin zama ɗan ƙasa ===
Dokar kasa ta Isra'ila da Dokar Komawa, sun bambanta tsakanin Yahudawa Isra'ilawa da Falasdinawa Isra'ilawa ta hanyar sabunta ra'ayi na kasa yahudawa da ke bambanta da zama dan kasar Isra'ila. Duk da take, Dokar Ƙasa ba ta kafa ra'ayin ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ba, a maimakon haka tana danganta ɗan ƙasa da alaƙar addini.

Dokar Kasa ta ba da izinin Palasdinawa su zama 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila ne kawai idan sun kasance (ko kuma zuriyar waɗanda ke wurin) a Isra'ila tsakanin shekarar 1948 da shekarar 1952. Wadannan ƙuntatawa sun cire duk waɗanda aka kore su ko waɗanda suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 da zuriyarsu. Dokar Komawa ta tabbatar da haƙƙin kowane [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ya yi ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ta atomatik. Falasdinawa da zuriyarsu waɗanda aka kore su ko suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 an hana su wannan haƙƙin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Dokar zama dan kasa da shiga cikin Isra'ila (2003) ta hana Falasdinawa daga yankunan Falasdinawa da aka mamaye 'yancin samun matsayin zama na Isra'ila ko zama dan kasa, ko da a lokuta da suka yi aure da 'yan Isra'ila. Wannan haramcin ya ta'allaka ne kan dan kasa ba kan wani lamari na tsaro ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2008, Knesset ta amince da Dokar zama ɗan ƙasa (gyara Lamba 9) (Ikon soke zama ɗan ƙasa) (2008), wanda ke ba da damar soke zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila bisa ga &quot;cin amana&quot;. Musamman ma, keta amana na iya haɗawa da aikin zama a wasu ƙasashen Larabawa ko musulmi ko yankin Gaza. Wannan doka ta halatta soke zama ɗan ƙasa a kan haka ba tare da an yanke masa hukunci ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

=== Hakki da 'yanci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka yi ===
Binciken da Freedom House mai hedkwata a Amurka ya gudanar a shekara ta 2013, wanda ke kokarin auna irin dimokuradiyya da 'yancin siyasa a kowace kasa, ya sanya Isra'ila tare da Tunisiya a matsayin kasa daya tilo da ke da 'yanci a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;/&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''Rarrabawar Isra'ila, da yankunan da ta mamaye, ta Freedom House, The Economist Intelligence Unit da Transparency International'''
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
!Kasar / Ƙungiya - NGO
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Gidan 'Yanci
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sashin leken asiri na tattalin arziki
!Bayyanawa ta Duniya
|-
!Rahoton-Ranking
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'Yanci a Duniya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lissafin Dimokuradiyya
!Rashin fahimta na cin hanci da rashawa
|-
!
!Rarraba 'yanci, Wani bangare na 'yanci&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;'Yanci'&lt;/span&gt;, Wani ɓangare na' Yanci, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Ba 'Yanci ba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
![[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|'Yancin siyasa]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[Ƴancin Jama'a|'Yancin Jama'a]]&lt;br /&gt;
!Dimokuradiyya Rarraba Dimokuradiya Cikakken Dimokuradiyar, Dimokuradiyan da ba su da kyau, Tsarin Mulki&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Cikakken dimokuradiyya&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#cfc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Dimokuradiyya mara kyau&lt;/span&gt;, Tsarin Mulki na Hybrid, Tsarin Mulki&lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Tsarin mulki na mulkin mallaka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!Cikakken Sakamakon
!Ra'ayoyin cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Isra'ila
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |'Yanci'
|1
|2
| style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot; |Dimokuradiyya mara kyau
|7.79
|6.0
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |Ba 'Yanci ba
|6
|6
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|}

; Bayani
:

* Ta hanyar Freedom House 2009 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Map of Freedom in the World |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&amp;year=2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ga 'yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a, 1 yana wakiltar mafi kyawun kyauta kuma 7 mafi ƙarancin kyauta.
* Bisa ga The Economist Intelligence Unit 2010 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Democracy Index 2010 |url=http://graphics.eiu.com/PDF/Democracy_Index_2010_web.pdf |access-date=2 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cikakken dimokuradiyya suna da jimlar 10 zuwa 8, dimokuradiyar da ba ta dace ba tana da jimlar 7.9 zuwa 6, gwamnatocin haɗin gwiwa suna da jimillar 5.9 zuwa 4, kuma gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna da jimla daga 3.9 zuwa 1. Matsayin dimokuradiyya ya fi girma yayin da ci ya karu.
* Dangane da ƙididdigar cin hanci da rashawa ta duniya ta shekara-shekara,  ci ya kasance daga 10 (mai tsabta) zuwa 0 (mai cin hanci).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=2008 Corruption Perceptions Index |url=http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311002755/http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |archive-date=11 March 2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |website=Transparency International Annual Report |publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun soki gwamnatin Isra'ila saboda kai hari ga kungiyoyin farar hula da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila (ACRI), babbar kungiyar 'yancin jama'a ta Isra'ila, jerin kokarin gwamnatin Isra'ila a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun kai hari kan kungiyoyin fararen hula na Isra'ila da Kotun Koli na Isra'ila. Rahoton ACRI na Disamba 2017 ya gabatar da abin da yake kallo a matsayin misalan harin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ci gaba da kai wa dimokuradiyyar Isra'ila, 'yancin ɗan adam, 'yancin yin zanga-zanga, mutunta kimar daidaici, da 'yancin siyasa, zamantakewa da 'yan tsiraru. Wannan yanayin a Isra'ila an kira shi &quot;rashin bin tsarin mulki&quot; ta wasu masu sharhi na shari'a.

=== Zaben, jam'iyyun siyasa, da wakilci ===
A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan Isra'ila, &quot;Dokar ta bai wa 'yan kasar damar zabar gwamnatinsu a zabukan lokaci-lokaci na 'yanci da adalci bisa tsarin zabe na bai daya, kuma 'yan kasar sun yi amfani da wannan damar.&quot; Zaɓen da aka gudanar a watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2015 an yi la'akari da shi cikin 'yanci da adalci a wurin masu sa ido. An soki sauyin da aka yi a matakin zabe da cewa ya takaita wakilcin kananan jam’iyyu, musamman ma da ke shafar tsirarun Larabawa. Wannan ya sa jam'iyyu hudu masu rinjaye na Larabawa suka hade waje daya, wato Joint List, wanda ya samu kujeru 13, ya kuma zama bangare na uku mafi girma a majalisar Knesset. Galibin Falasdinawa a yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye na rayuwa ne a karkashin mamayar Isra'ila kuma ba 'yan kasar Isra'ila ba ne. Ba a yarda su kada kuri'a a Isra'ila ba.

Doka ta asali: Knesset (1958) da gyare-gyaren da suka biyo baya sun hana jerin jam'iyyun tsayawa takara a majalisar Knesset idan manufofinta ko ayyukanta sun hada da &quot;kyau da wanzuwar kasar Isra'ila a matsayin kasar Yahudawa&quot;. Cibiyar shari'a ta Isra'ila Adalah ta bayyana cewa &quot;wannan dokar ta hana yin amfani da 'yancin yin siyasa cikin 'yanci, ciki har da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da shiga siyasa. Ana amfani da ita sau da yawa don ƙoƙarin hana jam'iyyun siyasa na Larabawa da 'yan majalisar dokoki don neman canza yanayin kasa ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, alal misali, zuwa wata ƙasa da ta dogara da cikakken daidaito na farar hula da na kasa wanda ba ya ba da fifiko ga wata ƙungiya ta kasa fiye da ɗayan, har ma da toshe muhawara kan irin waɗannan shawarwari.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Mata sun fuskanci manyan matsalolin al'adu a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa masu wakiltar ƙungiyoyin addini masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma, a ƙaramin mataki, tsirarun Larabawa. A zaben 2015, Knesset mai mambobi 120 na da mambobi mata 29 da mambobi Larabawa 15. An nada mata uku a majalisar ministocin, kuma a karon farko, wata Balarabe Isra'ila ta jagoranci wani kwamiti na dindindin.

=== 'Yanci na addini ===
[[Fayil:Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg|left|thumb|Ganuwar Yamma, [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]]]]
Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2009 kan Isra'ila da yankunan da ta mamaye, &quot;Dokar Isra'ila ta Bada 'Yanci da Mutunci da 'Yanci ta tanadi 'yancin yin ibada kuma gabaɗaya Gwamnati na mutunta wannan hakki a aikace.&quot; Rahoton ya kara da cewa &quot;Manufar gwamnati ta ci gaba da goyon bayan gudanar da harkokin addini na 'yanci, duk da cewa ana ci gaba da nuna wariya na gwamnati da na shari'a ga wadanda ba Yahudawa ba da kuma na addinin Yahudanci ba&quot; kuma &quot;Yahudawa da yawa 'yan kasar sun ki amincewa da ikon Orthodox na keɓance kan muhimman al'amuran rayuwarsu.&quot; Rahoton ya bayyana cewa kimanin ‘yan kasar 310,000 da suka yi hijira zuwa Isra’ila a karkashin dokar komowa, ba mabiya addinin Orthodoks ke daukar Yahudawa ba, don haka ba za a iya aure ko a sake su ba, ko kuma a binne su a makabartun Yahudawan da ke cikin kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite report|last1=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan samun iko da Yammacin Kogin a shekarar 1967, Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin musulmi damar shiga masallatai, gami da [[Al-Aqsa]], da kuma damar Kirista zuwa majami'u. Isra'ila ta ba da kariya ga wuraren addini na addinan da ba na Yahudawa ba; mafi shahararren Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila (IDF) sun kama wani mutum wanda ya sanar da su shirinsa na kai hari Masallacin Al-Aqsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2006 |title=Police arrest J'lem rabbi who threatened to carry out terror attack on Temple Mount |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/770846.html |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu lokuta, bukukuwan kwanaki masu tsarki ta addinai daban-daban suna da damar haifar da rikici; don haka 'yan sanda na Isra'ila suna daukar matakai don kauce wa rikici tsakanin al'ummomi ta hanyar bayar da ƙuntatawa na wucin gadi kan motsi  da bautar da ake ji. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 September 2006 |title=Restrictions on Old City Jews During Ramadan – Inside Israel – Israel News |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=112595 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar wani rahoto na shekara ta 2009 daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Ofishin Demokraɗiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam, da Kwadago, Isra'ila ta gaza kasancewa al'umma mai juriya ko jam'i. A cewar rahoton, Isra'ila na nuna wariya ga Musulmai, Shaidun Jehobah, Yahudawa masu kawo sauyi, Kirista, mata da kuma Badawiyya. Dukkan wurare 137 masu tsarki da Isra'ila ta amince da su Yahudawa ne, suna yin watsi da kuma yin watsi da wuraren Kirista da na Musulmi, duk da Dokar Kare Wuraren Tsarkakewa ta 1967 da aka yi niyya don kare dukkan wurare masu tsarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 February 2009 |title=2008 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226174854/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |archive-date=26 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=[[US Department of State]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Baha'i|Bangaskiyar Bahá'í]] (a cikin 1960) tana kula da wurin zama na hukumomin su, Gidan Shari'a na Duniya, a Haifa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Baháʼí World Centre |url=http://www.bahai.org/dir/bwc |access-date=31 July 2006 |publisher=[[Baháʼí International Community]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] yana aiki a matsayin addini a Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Diamond Way Buddhism in Israel |url=http://www.buddhism.org.il/?newlang=english |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Diamond Way Buddhism}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Buddhanet's Middle East Buddhist Directory: Israel |url=http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm#israel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627120448/http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm |archive-date=27 June 2006 |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta wallafa nazarin tashin hankali na zamantakewa ta ƙasa. Cibiyar Hostilities Index (SHI) tana auna ayyukan ƙiyayya ta addini ta mutane, ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyin jama'a. &quot;Wannan ya haɗa da taron jama'a ko tashin hankali na ɗarika, cin zarafi kan tufafi saboda dalilai na addini, da sauran tsoratar da addini ko cin zarafi. &quot;  A cikin shekarar 2007, Isra'ila tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 10 da ke da maki sama da 7.1 a sikelin 10; a cikin 2010, Isra'ila da yankunan Palasdinawa sun kasance biyu daga cikin yankuna 15 da ke da mafi girman ƙimar SHI.&lt;ref name=&quot;pewforum.org&quot; /&gt;

=== Dokokin aure da saki ===
Ma'aurata da ke son yin aure na iya yin hakan ne kawai ta hanyar bikin addini, idan Yahudawa, [[Aure a Musulunci|Musulmi]], Kirista, ko wasu. Ma'aurata marasa addini, tun daga shekara ta 2014, na iya samun wani nau'in auren farar hula a Isra'ila, kuma su sami [[Relationships Card|Katin Dangantaka]] ta sabuwar kungiyar da ke canza matsayinsu ga ma'aurata, kuma suna ba su duk hakkokin da suka fito daga gare ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=רשומות הכנסת, קובץ התקנות, 7326, הודעת ברית הזוגיות לחסרי דת (אגרות), התשע&quot;ד-2014. עמוד 486. |url=http://www.justice.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/97DAEDE3-9271-40E7-ADF9-4C91058FAF75/42863/7326.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=משפחה חדשה |url=http://www.news1.co.il/uploadFiles/543728053569794.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=News1.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2014 |title=לראשונה: תעודת הזוגיות של &quot;משפחה חדשה&quot; הוכרה כנישואים |url=http://www.mako.co.il/pride-news/local/Article-bf5f377c4709a41006.htm |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Mako.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aure na doka na yau da kullun yana ba ma'aurata hakkoki iri ɗaya da ma'auratan ke morewa. 'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila na iya tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje don auren farar hula, wanda ke da alhakin a ƙarƙashin dokar Isra'ila.

A lokacin Al-Aqsa Intifada a shekara ta 2003, Knesset ta yi gyare-gyare na wucin gadi ga Dokar 'yan kasa da shiga cikin Dokar Isra'ila wanda ya hana Palasdinawa da suka yi aure ga Isra'ilawa samun'ila ko zama. Masu sukar suna jayayya cewa dokar wariyar launin fata ce saboda an yi niyya ne ga Larabawa na Isra'ila waɗanda ke da yiwuwar samun ma'aurata Palasdinawa fiye da sauran Isra'ilawa; masu kare sun ce dokar tana da niyyar hana hare-haren ta'addanci da kiyaye halin Yahudawa na Isra'ilawa. Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambanci tsakanin launin fata ya amince da ƙuduri cewa dokar Isra'ila ta keta yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya game da wariyar launin fata. Jakadan Isra'ila a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva, [[Yaakov Levy]], ya ce ƙudurin &quot;ya kasance mai zurfi na siyasa&quot;, yana mai nuna rashin nasarar kwamitin na ba da buƙatar Isra'ila don gabatar da shaidar &quot;biyan dokar da ke cikin dokar kasa da kasa da kuma aiki&quot;, misalai na &quot;batutuwa masu yawa [inda] ba da matsayin doka ga matan Palasdinawa na mazaunan Isra'ila  yi amfani da shi da mazaunan Palasdinawa don Ta'addanci na kashe kansa&quot;, da kuma watsi da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Turai batun ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Babban Kotun Isra'ila.[was]

Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI) ta shigar da takarda don a soke dokar  amma Kotun Koli ta amince da ita a shekara ta 2006.  A cikin tsara dokar, gwamnati ta ambaci, &quot;bayanan da jami'an tsaro suka gabatar, wanda ya ce kungiyoyin ta'addanci suna ƙoƙarin tattara Palasdinawa waɗanda suka riga sun karɓi ko za su karɓi takardun Isra'ila kuma cewa jami'an tsaron suna da wahalar rarrabe tsakanin Palasdinawa da za su iya taimaka wa 'yan ta'adda da waɗanda ba za su ba&quot;. A cikin hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila game da wannan al'amari, Mataimakin Babban Alkalin Shari'a Mishael Cheshin ya yi jayayya cewa, &quot;yan ƙasar Isra'ila  jin daɗin haƙƙin tsarin mulki don kawo ɗan ƙasar waje zuwa Isra'ila... kuma haƙƙin - ƙari, wajibi ne - na jihar, na kowace jiha, don kare mazaunanta daga waɗanda ke son cutar da su. &quot;

A shekara ta 2009, Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka na Dimokuradiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ayyuka sun soki rashin auren farar hula da saki a Isra'ila ga baƙi waɗanda ba a dauke su Yahudawa a ƙarƙashin dokar rabbi ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Human rights activists have criticised Israel's stay of exit order, saying it unfairly targets divorced men by preventing them from leaving the country indefinitely until they settle the full child support arrears of their children until age 18. While this could easily amount to obligations in the millions of US dollars, even a US$100 debt can trigger a stay of exit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CCF Israel Report of the Israeli Civil Society |url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=tbinternet.ohchr.org |publisher=ccfisrael.org |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106020129/https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The men are required to pay 100% or more of their income, and are jailed for 21 days each time they miss a monthly payment. In 2021, it was reported that an Australian man who was divorced from his Israeli wife was detained from leaving the country in 2013, with the stay of exit being in force until 31 December 9999, or until he paid $3 million in child support arrears. Marianne Azizi, British journalist and head of Coalition of the Children and Families in Israel (CCF), estimated that hundreds more Australians were trapped in the country as a result of the stay of exit. She had been informed by British Embassy officials in Tel Aviv that 100 British nationals per month had been reaching out to them for help in getting out of the country.&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian&quot; /&gt;

A watan Maris na 2019, Azizi ta ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu a Geneva game da take hakkin dan Adam da ta ci gaba da kasancewa sakamakon kai tsaye sakamakon ka'idojin tallafawa yara kanana a Isra'ila, tana mai cewa &quot;... Rayuwar ubanni sama da 2,000 a kashe kansu yana da tsada&quot;. Ta ce Isra'ilawa ba sa bayar da rahoton take hakin bil'adama saboda tsoron &quot;sakamako&quot;, kamar yadda wasu masu fafutuka suka kwace musu 'ya'yansu. Lauyan Mickey Givati, wanda ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya ya ba shi izinin taimakawa baki daga Isra'ila, ya shaida cewa an sanya na'urorin bin diddigin a cikin motarsa da gidansa da kuma wayarsa, kuma an ajiye 'ya'yansa a wani matsuguni ba bisa ka'ida ba.

=== Tsarin shari'a da shari'ar aikata laifuka ===
Dokar Isra'ila ta tanadi 'yancin yin shari'a ta gaskiya da kuma shari'a mai zaman kanta. Rahoton da Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra’ila ya nuna cewa a wasu lokuta kotuna suna yanke hukunci a kan bangaren zartarwa, ciki har da wasu shari’o’in tsaro. Kungiyoyin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam sun yi imanin ana mutunta wadannan bukatu gaba daya. Tsarin yana da adawa kuma ƙwararrun alkalai ne ke yanke hukunci. Wadanda ake tuhuma marasa galihu suna samun wakilci na tilas. Wasu yankunan kasar na karkashin ikon shari'a daban-daban na kotunan soji. An yi imanin cewa waɗannan kotuna sun yi daidai da sauran kotunan laifuka na Isra'ila kan batutuwan da suka shafi fararen hula. Ba za a iya yanke hukunci a waɗannan kotuna bisa ikirari kaɗai ba.

=== Hukuncin kisa ===
A halin yanzu dai dokar Isra'ila ta ba da damar yanke hukuncin kisa kan manyan laifukan da aka aikata a lokacin yaki, amma an soke shi a lokacin zaman lafiya. Laifukan da ake aikatawa a lokacin yaƙi sun haɗa da kisan kiyashi, laifuffukan da ake yi wa Yahudawa, laifuffukan cin zarafin ɗan adam, da laifukan yaƙi. Mutum daya tilo da aka taba yankewa hukuncin kisa bayan an same shi da laifi a wata kotun farar hula ta Isra’ila shi ne mai laifin yakin Nazi Adolf Eichmann .

=== 'Yancin fursunoni ===
B'Tselem ta ruwaito cewa an yi ta azabtar da mutanen da ba a zarginsu da aikata laifuka, wadanda suka hada da malaman addini, shehunai da malaman addini, masu fafutuka a kungiyoyin agaji, da daliban Musulunci. Sauran da za a azabtar da su sun hada da ’yan’uwa da sauran dangin mutanen da aka lissafa a matsayin wadanda ake so da kuma duk wani Bafalasdine a cikin aikin injiniya. A wasu lokutan kuma, an kama matan da ake tsare da su tare da wulakanta su don kara matsa wa mazajensu. Jami’an ISA a wasu lokutan suna azabtar da Falasdinawa domin daukar su a matsayin masu hada kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Background of the High Court of Justice's Decision |url=http://www.btselem.org/torture/background |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

B'Tselem ta kiyasta cewa ISA na yin tambayoyi tsakanin Falasdinawa 1,000 zuwa 1,500 a kowace shekara kuma tana amfani da hanyoyin da za su zama azabtarwa ga wasu kashi 85 cikin 100 na su, akalla mutane 850 a shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;/&gt;

[[Amnesty International]] ta kuma bayar da rahoton yin amfani da azabtarwa ga fursunonin Palasdinawa, tare da tsare-tsare, ba tare da shari'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Human rights in Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty ta ruwaito cewa an tsare Palasdinawa sama da 2,200 daga yankin Yammacin da aka mamaye a watan farko na Yaƙin Gaza na shekarar 2023. Bayanai da rikodin bidiyo sun nuna azabtar da fursunoni, gami da mummunan duka da wulakanci ga fursunoni.  Ta hanyar tilasta musu su sa kawunansu su kwanta, su durƙusa a ƙasa yayin ƙididdigar fursunoni&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=Israel/OPT: Horrifying cases of torture and degrading treatment of Palestinian detainees amid spike in arbitrary arrests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/11/israel-opt-horrifying-cases-of-torture-and-degrading-treatment-of-palestinian-detainees-amid-spike-in-arbitrary-arrests/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani rahoto na shekara ta 1978 daga karamin ofishin jakadancin da ke birnin Kudus ya bayyana shari’ar sojan da aka yi wa wasu matasa ‘yan kasar Amurka guda biyu wadanda suka ba da rahoton cewa mahukuntan Isra’ila sun yi amfani da karfin tuwo wajen samun ikirari daga wajensu. Rahoton ya kammala da cewa hukumomin Isra'ila na sane da cewa mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da &quot;tilastawa ta jiki da musgunawa&quot; wajen samun ikirari.

Hukumar Landau ta shekarar 1987, karkashin jagorancin mai shari'a Moshe Landau na Kotun Koli, an nada ta ne domin ta binciki hanyoyin tambayoyi na Hukumar Tsaron Isra'ila (ISA) kuma ta ce &quot;ba za a iya guje wa yin matsananciyar matsin lamba ba&quot;. Duk da haka, hukumar ta yi Allah wadai da wata takarda ta cikin gida ta shekarar 1982 wadda ta umurci masu yin tambayoyi kan irin karyar da ya kamata su yi a kotu lokacin da suke musanta cewa za su yi amfani da karfin jiki wajen samun ikirari. Ta yi Allah-wadai da shedar karya da abin ya shafa amma ta ba da shawarar a guji hukunta wadanda suka aikata ta. Sashi na biyu na rahoton Landau ya kasance sirri ne, an yi imanin cewa yana ɗauke da ƙa'idodin hanyoyin tambayoyi da aka halatta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Landau Commission examined interrogation methods |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/Torture/Background.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hukumar Landau ta kai ga daruruwan korafe-korafe da Falasdinawa da ake tsare da su suka yi na korafin cewa an yi amfani da karfi a kansu a lokacin da ISA ke yi musu tambayoyi. A cikin keɓantattun shari'o'i, an ba da umarnin wucin gadi na ɗan lokaci da ke hana ISA amfani da duka ko wasu hanyoyin, amma a watan Satumba na 1999, Kotun Koli ta ƙi yanke hukunci ko suna da doka a ƙarƙashin dokokin Isra'ila da na duniya.

A cikin 1994, Rahoton Kwanturolan Jiha (wanda aka fitar a taƙaitaccen tsari a cikin Fabrairu 2000) ya gano cewa hanyoyin tambayoyin ISA sun saba wa doka, ƙa'idodin Hukumar Landau, da ƙa'idodin cikin gida wanda sabis ɗin kansa ya tsara.

A watan Yulin shekarar 2002, ''Haaretz'' ya nakalto wani babban jami'in ISA yana cewa, tun lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke shawara, an bayyana Falasdinawa 90 a matsayin &quot;bamai masu saurin kai&quot; da kuma &quot;hanyar tambayoyi masu ban mamaki, &quot;watau azabtarwa, an yi amfani da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ha'aretz quoted a senior GSS official |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/torture/ |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran masu tambayoyin Isra'ila sun yarda cewa ISA &quot;tana amfani da duk wani magudi mai yiwuwa, har zuwa girgiza da bugawa. &quot; Yawancin bayanan daga Falasdinawa sun tabbatar da cewa azabtarwa har yanzu yana cikin tambayoyin Israʼila. 

According to a 2011 report by two Israeli human rights organisations, the Public Committee Against Torture (PCAT) and Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), Israeli doctors fail to report suspected torture and conceal related information, allowing Israeli Security Agency interrogators to use torture against Palestinian detainees.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harriet Sherwood |date=3 November 2011 |title=Israeli doctors 'failing to report torture of Palestinian detainees' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/03/israeli-doctors-report-torture-palestinian |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, wata doka ta ba da izinin tilasta ciyar da fursunoni masu fama da yunwa. Koyaya, Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Isra'ila ta bayyana dokar ba ta da kyau kuma ta bukaci likitoci da su ƙi aiwatar da ita.

==== Shirye-shiryen ilimi ====
Ana ba fursunoni damar ɗaukar darussan kan layi daga Open University of Israel, da kuma kammala digiri na ilimi. Wannan ba haƙƙin da aka ba shi ba ne amma fa'ida, dangane da halin kirki, tare da hukumomin kurkuku suna biyan kuɗin karatunsu na jami'a. Darussan suna cikin fannoni na: bil'adama, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, gudanarwa, ilimin halayyar dan adam da kimiyyar siyasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;knesset.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yaniv Ronen |date=28 November 2012 |title=לימודים אקדמיים של אסירים ביטחוניים |trans-title=Academic studies of security prisoners |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504160748/https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2015 |language=he}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar ita ce ta ba fursunoni kayan aiki don magance rayuwa a waje, don haka bayan an sake su daga kurkuku za su sami ilimi mai dacewa don taimaka musu samun aiki, da kuma hana su komawa rayuwar aikata laifuka.

==== Fursunoni na siyasa ====
A cikin shekarar 2011, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-Moon ya ce Isra'ila ta tsare dubban Palasdinawa a matsayin fursunonin siyasa, kuma ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta sake su. Ban ya ce sakin fursunonin siyasa zai &quot;yi aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar gina amincewa&quot; kuma ya bunkasa damar zaman lafiya a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 March 2011 |title=United Nations News Centre |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=37698&amp;Cr=palestin&amp;Cr1 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=UN News Service Section}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty International ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta saki fursunonin siyasa, tana mai cewa &quot;duk fursunonin siyasar da aka tsare ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba ya kamata a yi musu shari'a a shari'a ko kuma a sake su nan da nan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press Releases |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603062041/http://amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |archive-date=3 June 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

John Dugard ya kwatanta zaman kurkukun da Isra'ila ke yi wa Falasdinawa da manufofin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, yana mai cewa &quot;'Yan sandan tsaron wariyar launin fata sun aiwatar da azabtarwa sosai, haka ma jami'an tsaron Isra'ila. Akwai fursunonin siyasa da dama a tsibirin Robben amma akwai karin fursunonin siyasa na Falasdinawa a gidajen kurkukun Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=John Dugard |title=Apartheid and the occupation of Palestine |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/11/201111395153781378.html |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Tsayar da gudanarwa =====
Tsayawa na gudanarwa hanya ce da ake tsare fursunoni ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba. An ba da izinin hukunce-hukuncen ta hanyar umarnin gudanarwa daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Isra'ila ko kwamandojin soja na Isra'ila. [[Amnesty International]] ta yi imanin cewa aikin ya karya Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa wanda &quot;ya bayyana cewa babu wanda ya kamata a tsare shi da gangan kuma cewa hana 'yanci dole ne ya dogara da dalilai da hanyoyin da doka ta kafa&quot;. Amnesty International ta kuma damu da cewa fursunonin lamiri suna &quot;tsare ne kawai don yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya ba tare da tashin hankali ba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 1997 |title=Administrative detention: Despair, uncertainty and lack of due process |url=http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES\ISRAEL\OCCUPIED+TERRITORIES |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922021743/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES%5CISRAEL%5COCCUPIED%2BTERRITORIES |archive-date=22 September 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar B'Tselem a halin yanzu akwai Falasdinawa 645 da ke tsare a karkashin tsare-tsare ta Isra'ila da kuma 105 ta IDF. Yawancin ana kiyaye su a Yammacin Kogin Yamma a sansanin Soja na Ofer ko a sansanin soja na Ansar 3 / Ketziot a cikin hamadar Negev . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 July 2006 |title=Administrative Detention |url=http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824195154/http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |archive-date=24 August 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Shirye-shiryen ilimi a kurkuku don tsare-tsare =====
A shekara ta 2009, akwai fursunonin Palasdinawa 250 da ke karatu a Jami'ar Isra'ila. A watan Yunin shekarar 2011, Firayim Minista Benjamin Netanyahu ya sanar, don mayar da martani ga dakatar da tattaunawar zaman lafiya, cewa ba za a ba fursunonin Palasdinawa damar neman digiri na ilimi a kurkuku ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Barak Ravid |date=23 June 2011 |title=Netanyahu: Israel to toughen conditions of Palestinian prisoners |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/netanyahu-israel-to-toughen-conditions-of-palestinian-prisoners-1.369269 |access-date=16 May 2012 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshen shekara ta 2012, fursunoni uku sun daukaka kara ga Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya ki amincewa da roko. A cikin hukunce-hukuncen su, alƙalai sun bayyana cewa haƙƙin samun ilimi na jami'a kyauta bai shafi waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci na laifuffukan ta'addanci ba. Hukuncin, duk da haka, ya yi kira ga hukumomin kurkuku da su &quot;yi la'akari&quot; da yanke shawara game da shari'o'in fursunoni da suka riga sun kasance a tsakiyar shirye-shiryen ilimi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 December 2012 |title=Court: End of Free College for Terrorists |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/163549 |access-date=24 March 2014 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 'Yanci na magana da kafofin watsa labarai ===
[[Fayil:Israeli_Press_1949.jpg|thumb|Sashe na jaridu na Isra'ila a cikin 1949.]]
Censorship a Isra'ila ana gudanar da shi ne a hukumance ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila, wani sashi a cikin gwamnatin Isra'ila wanda aka ba shi aiki a hukumance don aiwatar da censorship na kariya game da buga bayanan da zasu iya shafar tsaro Isra'ila. Babban mai binciken Isra'ila ne ke jagorantar hukumar, jami'in soja wanda Ministan Tsaro na Isra'ila ya nada, wanda ya ba Babban mai binciken ikon hana bayanan da ya ga ya dace da kasancewa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aluf Benn |date=July–August 2001 |title=Israel: Censoring the past |url=http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619213158/http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences |publisher=University of Maryland}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=P.R. Kumaraswamy |date=September 1998 |title=India and Israel: Evolving Strategic Partnership |url=http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/publications/40pub.html |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Mideast Security and Policy Studies |publisher=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamar Shirin [[makaman nukiliya]] na Isra'ilawa da ayyukan soja na Isra'il a waje da iyakokinta. A matsakaici, labaran jarida 2240 a Isra'ila suna tantancewa ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila a kowace shekara, kusan 240 daga cikinsu a cikakke, kuma kusan 2000 a wani ɓangare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2021 |title=נתונים חדשים חושפים טפח מאחורי הקלעים של יחסי הצנזורה הצבאית והעיתונות הישראלית |url=https://www.the7eye.org.il/419412 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=העין השביעית |language=he-IL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dole ne a gabatar da labarai game da batutuwan da za su iya kawo rigima ga Mai binciken Sojojin Isra'ila a gaba; rashin yin hakan na iya sa mai ba da rahoto ya rasa damarsa na aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Isra'ila  kuma, game da manema labarai na ƙasashen waje, a hana shi daga ƙasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;BBCsorry&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2005 |title=BBC says sorry to Israel |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/mar/12/israel.broadcasting |website=the Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Matar |first=Haggai |date=2020-03-09 |title=IDF censor redacted two thousand news items in 2019 |url=https://www.972mag.com/idf-censor-israeli-media-2019/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=+972 Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=IDF Military Censor banned nearly 300 articles last year |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/idf-military-censor-banned-nearly-300-articles-last-year-562318 |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila, &quot;doka ta tanadi 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da 'yan jarida, kuma gaba daya gwamnati na mutunta wadannan hakkoki a aikace idan aka yi la'akari da takunkumin da ya shafi tsaro.&quot; Dokar ta tanadi 'yancin yin taro da ƙungiyoyi, kuma gabaɗaya gwamnati na mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a aikace.

Wasu jami'an gwamnati da wasu na sukar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da Isra'ila ke da shi a lokacin da suke gudun hijira daga [[zirin Gaza]] da yammacin kogin Jordan. Wannan ya haifar da sukar da ake cewa &quot;Hukumomi sun dauki matakan da ba su dace ba, tare da cin zarafin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da zanga-zangar siyasa ba tare da wani dalili ba.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;acri&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=ACRI Report Slashes Civil Rights Abuses and Privatization |url=http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060622145646/http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-date=22 June 2006 |access-date=28 July 2006 |website=Annual Report on Israel |publisher=The Association for Civil Rights in Israel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Isra'ila, manufofin gwamnatinta suna fuskantar zargi daga manema labarai da kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban na siyasa, haƙƙin ɗan adam da masu sa ido,   wadanda suka hada da Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI), B'Tselem, Machsom Watch, Mata a cikin Baƙar fata da Mata don Isra'ila Gobe. A cewar kungiyar 'yancin' yan jarida Reporters Without Borders, &quot;Kafofin yada labarai na Isra'ila sun sake kasancewa a cikin shekarar 2005 wadanda kawai ke da' yancin gaske don yin magana. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Israel – Annual report 2006 |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181318/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=12 August 2006 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, a cikin 2010, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da ke aiki a Isra'ila suka koka game da mummunan yanayi a kasar, kuma sun ce suna fuskantar hari saboda sukar manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyoyin sun ce wasu shugabannin Isra'ila suna ganin zargi da kare hakkin dan adam a matsayin barazana ga halattacciyar Isra'ila, musamman bayan Zargin laifukan yaki da sojojin Isra'ila game da Yakin Gaza (2008-09). 

A shekara ta 2009, Isra'ila ta kasance ta 93 a cikin Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index, daga shekarar da ta gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Reporters Without Borders – Press Freedom Index 2009 |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2013, Isra'ila ta sauka zuwa 112 daga cikin kasashe 179 a cikin Freedom Index na jarida. 'Yan jarida ba tare da iyaka ba sun bayyana cewa canjin ya faru ne saboda ayyukan Isra'ila a cikin Operation Pillar of Defense lokacin da ta ce &quot;Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila da gangan sun kai hari kan' yan jarida da gine-gine inda kafofin watsa labarai da ke da alaƙa da Hamas ke da mahalli&quot;. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta soki kama 'yan jarida na Palasdinawa da kuma tantancewar soja. Freedom House ta sanya Isra'ila a matsayin mai yanayin kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Sashi na 'yanci&quot; a cikin shekara ta 2009. A baya, Isra'ila ita ce kadai kasar da ke cikin yankin da ke da kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Free&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Press Freedom Rankings by Region 2009 |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&amp;year=2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) A cikin shekarar 2023, Isra'ila da kanta, ba tare da haɗa Gaza Strip ko Gabashin Urushalima ba, an jera su a matsayin &quot;Free&quot;,  yayin da Gaza Strip da West Bank suka kasance &quot;Ba Free ba&quot;.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israel: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/israel/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gaza Strip: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/gaza-strip/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=West Bank: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/west-bank/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2003, hukumar fim din Isra'ila ta haramta nuna fim din kasuwanci game da [[Jenin]]_(2002)&quot; id=&quot;mwAxM&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Battle of Jenin (2002)&quot;&gt;Yaƙin Jenin na 2002.  Fim din, ''Jenin, Jenin'' ne, tarin ganawa ne da mazaunan sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Jenin da aka yi fim a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2002, mako guda bayan yakin. Mohammad Bakri, Larabawa na Isra'ila, ya jagoranci fim din. An dakatar da fim din ne saboda zargin da ake yi na [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]] da Sojojin Isra'ila suka aikata, wanda hukumar ta yi la'akari da karya da cutar da iyalan sojoji. Bayan shari'ar shari'a, an shigar da takarda a Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya soke shawarar hukumar, kuma ya ba da izinin nuna fim din a cikin fina-finai &quot;don jama'a su yanke shawara&quot;, yayin da yake lura cewa fim din &quot;cike da ƙarya&quot;, ba fim ba ne, kuma an yi shi &quot;ba tare da bangaskiya ba&quot;, ta hanyar ƙarya yana nuna sojojin Isra'ila a matsayin &quot;mafi munin masu aikata laifuka&quot;.

A watan Janairun 2011, majalisar dokokin Isra'ila ta amince da wani kuduri na hannun dama na binciken wasu sanannun kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na Isra'ila saboda &quot;lalata&quot; sojojinta. Binciken zai haifar da bincike kan tallafin kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da dama wadanda suka soki manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila ta bayyana matakin a matsayin &quot;mummunan rauni&quot; ga demokradiyyar Isra'ila, kuma masu sukar manufofin sun yi wa manufar &quot;McCarthyist&quot;.

A cikin shekara ta 2015, Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta amince da manyan tanadi na dokar da ke haifar da sakamako ga waɗanda ke kira ga kauracewa Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye. Hukuncin ya haifar da muhawara, tare da wasu nuna rashin amincewa da shi yana kawo karshen 'yancin magana yayin da wasu ke cewa yana tabbatar da matsayin Isra'ila kan &quot;tsarin lalacewar BDS&quot; (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement). Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila sun yi korafi game da dokar, suna mai cewa ta keta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Magoya bayan dokar sun ce ta haramta &quot; nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin ƙasa&quot;.  &quot;Don cire kiran kauracewa daga rukunin 'yancin magana ba daidai ba ne&quot;, in ji Rabbi David Rosenn, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na New Israel Fund (NIF). &quot;Babu wani bangare na daban don magana wanda ke siyasa. Magana mafi mahimmanci shine siyasa, kuma ya kamata mutane su sami damar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ba tare da tsoron takunkumin gwamnati ba. &quot;

Dokar ta ba 'yan sanda damar iyakance tunzura ga tashin hankali ko kalaman ƙiyayya kuma ta haramta kiran mutane &quot;Nazis&quot; ko &quot;fascists&quot;. Dokar Rigakafin Ta'addanci ta hana bayyana goyon bayan kungiyar da ake ganin ta sabawa doka ko ta'addanci.

On 24 November 2024, Israel's government ordered a boycott of the newspaper ''Haaretz'' by government officials and anyone working for a government-funded body, and banned government advertising with the newspaper. According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''Haaretz'' &quot;had published a series of investigations of wrongdoing or abuses by senior officials and the armed forces, and has long been in the crosshairs of the current government.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2023, wani rahoto daga Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya nuna cewa Isra'ila ta kasance ta shida mafi girma a duniya don kama' yan jarida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israeli arrests of Palestinian journalists soared in 2023: CPJ |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/18/israeli-arrests-of-palestinian-journalists-soared-in-2023-cpj |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin Yaƙin Gaza, Falasdinawa sun bayyana cin zarafin soja a kan sakonnin kafofin sada zumunta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Molana-Allen |first=Leila |title=Palestinians describe harassment from Israeli forces over social media posts during war |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/palestinians-describe-harassment-from-israeli-forces-over-social-media-posts-during-war |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2024, Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya sanya Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasa ta biyu mafi muni a duniya don ba da damar masu kisan 'yan jarida su tafi ba tare da hukunta su ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Liam |title=Haiti, Israel ranked worst for securing justice in journalist killings |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/haiti-israel-ranked-worst-for-securing-justice-in-journalist-killings/7845113.html |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Voice of America}}&lt;/ref&gt;

; 'Yan Jarida Ba tare da iyakoki ba

Kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta fitar da rahoto na shekara-shekara kan 'yancin 'yan jarida a duniya, mai suna Index na 'Yancin Jarida. An fara buga irin wannan na farko a shekara ta 2002. Sakamakon da Isra'ila da Hukumar Falasdinawa ta samu daga 2002 zuwa yau an nuna su a ƙasa, tare da ƙananan lambobi suna nuna kyakkyawar kulawa ga 'yan jarida:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:1em auto;&quot;
!Shekara
!Isra'ila (Yankin Isra'ila) 
!Isra'ila (na waje) 
!Hukumomin Palasdinawa
!Mafi munin Shekara
!Rahoton URL
|-
|2002
|92
|Ba a bayyana ba
|82
|139
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213848/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|44
|146
|130
|166
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213853/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
|36
|115
|127
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220042227/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |archive-date=20 December 2008 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|47
|Ba a bayyana ba
|132
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429110315/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |archive-date=29 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|50
|135
|134
|168
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604161952/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |archive-date=4 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|44
|103
|158
|169
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421060910/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |archive-date=21 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|46
|149
|163
|173
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607100340/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |archive-date=7 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|93
|150
|161
|175
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Hakkin sirri ==
A cewar wani rahoto na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra'ila, &quot;[l] aws da ka'idoji sun tanadi kariya ga sirrin mutum da na gida. A cikin shari'o'in laifuka doka ta ba da izinin sauraron waya a karkashin umarnin kotu; a lokuta na tsaro dole ne ma'aikatar tsaro ta ba da oda.&quot;

== 'Yancin mata ==
Aure da saki suna karkashin ikon kotuna na addini ne, wanda a aikace yake haifar da tsangwama ga mata a cikin wadannan bangarori na shari'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta zartar da dokar da ta ba da kariya ga mata daga tashin hankalin gida. A shekarar 2022, mata 24 abokan aikinsu ko wasu ‘yan uwansu ne a cewar ‘yan sandan Isra’ila, inda aka ce an kashe mata 69 a Isra’ila a tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa watan Agusta shekarar 2022. 40 daga cikin wadannan matan Palasdinawa ne, fiye da rabin wadannan shari’o’in ‘yan sanda ba su warware ba. Akasin haka, an warware shari’ar kowacce daga cikin kisan gilla 29 na matan Yahudawa da Isra’ilawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci ga mata.

Mata a Isra'ila ba koyaushe aka tabbatar da daidaiton jinsi a bayyane ba. Kodayake sanarwar 'yancin kai ta Isra'ila ta bayyana cewa &quot;Jam'iyyar Isra'ila [...] za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na' yancin zamantakewa da siyasa ga dukkan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini ba, launin fata ko jima'i,&quot; wannan ji ba a ba da ikon tsarin mulki ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1948 |title=The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel |url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/general/declaration-of-establishment-state-of-israel |access-date=January 29, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, kotunan Isra'ila, a tsawon lokaci, sun bayyana cewa daidaito tsakanin jinsi shine &quot;ka'idar tsarin shari'a&quot; a Isra'ila، kuma mata sun ga mafi yawan shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a ta Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2021 |title=Equality, Religion and Gender in Israel |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/equality-religion-and-gender-in-israel |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 July 2021 |title=Israel Women's Network |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/israel-womens-network |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1969, Isra'ila ta zabi Golda Meir a matsayin firaminista kuma ta zama kasa ta hudu da mace ke rike da irin wannan mukami. A shekara ta 2010, wakilan majalisar mata a Isra'ila ya kai kashi 18 cikin 100, wanda ya zarce na kasashen Larabawa da kashi 6 cikin 100, daidai da na majalisar dokokin Amurka, kuma ya yi kasa da matsakaicin kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasashen Scandinavia.

Majalisar dokokin Isra'ila, The Knesset, ta kafa kwamitin kula da matsayin mata don magance 'yancin mata. Makasudin da aka bayyana na wannan kwamiti shine hana wariya, yaki da cin zarafin mata, da inganta daidaito a harkokin siyasa, abubuwan rayuwa da ilimi. A cikin 1998, Knesset ta zartar da wata doka don &quot;Rigaka da Cin Duri da Jima'i&quot;.

Wani rahoto na shekarar 2009 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ya ambaci matsalolin auren jama'a, agunot ('mata masu sarka) ba za su iya saki ba tare da izinin miji ba), da kuma hidimar addu'o'in jinsin jinsi a bangon Yamma.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Ana haɓaka haƙƙoƙin mata ta hanyar &quot;Kawo Mata A Gaba: Haɗin Kan Mata&quot;, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar Asusun Haɗin gwiwar Mata na Yahudawa. Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda bakwai a Isra'ila sune Cibiyar Adva, Ruhun Mata, Itach-Maaki: Lauyoyin Mata don Adalci na zamantakewa, Cibiyar Mahut, Cibiyar Mata ta Isra'ila (IWN), Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki ga Mata (EEW) da Achoti ('yar'uwa) ga Mata a Isra'ila.

=== Mata Larabawa a Isra'ila ===
Matan Larabawa-Isra'ila suna shiga cikin harkokin gwamnati da na jama'a. Hussniya Jabara ita ce mace Balarabiya ta farko da ta fara aiki a majalisar Knesset. Dangane da sashe na 15 na Ma'aikatar Jama'a [waɗanda] mata da Larabawa-Isra'ilawa suna da haƙƙin tabbatar da aiki a aikin ma'aikacin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=העדפה מתקנת בעבודה ובשירות הציבורי |url=http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201010211/http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |archive-date=1 February 2013 |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Moital.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ayyuka masu kyau ===
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan mata na Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Hakkin LGBT ==
Hakkin 'Yan tsiraru na jima'i a Isra'ila ana ɗaukar su mafi haƙuri a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=LGBT+ rights and issues in the Middle East |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9457/CBP-9457.pdf |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=Commons Library Research Briefing, 9 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake Isra'ila ba ta halatta auren jinsi ɗaya ba, auren jinsi ɗaya da ke aiki a ƙasashen waje an amince da shi bisa doka a Isra'ila. Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin 'yancin jama'a ga yawan masu luwadi, gami da' yancin tallafi da amfanin abokin tarayya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Walzer |first=Lee |date=21 February 2002 |title=Queer in the Land of Sodom |url=http://www.thegully.com/essays/gaymundo/020220_gay_israel_history.html |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=The Gully}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isra'ila kuma ta ba da matsayin aure na doka ga ma'aurata na cikin gida na jinsi ɗaya. Dokar sodomy da aka gada daga Mandate na Burtaniya na Falasdinu an soke ta a shekarar 1988, kodayake akwai umarni mai bayyanawa da Babban Lauyan Isra'ila ya bayar a shekarar 1953 wanda ya umarci 'yan sanda da su guji aiwatar da wannan dokar, muddin babu wasu laifuka da suka shafi. Dokar kare hakkin ɗan luwaɗi ta ƙasa ta haramta wasu nuna bambanci ga 'yan luwadi, gami da aiki; ana yin wasu keɓancewa ga ƙungiyoyin addini. A baya, aikin soja na masu luwadi yana ƙarƙashin wasu ƙuntatawa. An ɗaga waɗannan ƙuntatawa a cikin 1993, suna ba da damar masu luwadi su yi aiki a bayyane a duk sassan sojoji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Homosexual rights around the world |url=http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210062004/http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |archive-date=10 December 2005 |access-date=20 November 2011 |website=Gay Rights Info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Maris 2014, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da umarni da ke nuna cewa an haɗa aikin tiyatar jima'i a cikin tallafin kiwon lafiya da aka ba wa 'yan ƙasa. Duk da haka, a cikin watan Mayu Haaretz ya ruwaito cewa wata kungiyar kula da lafiya ta ki biyan kudin tiyatar canjin jima'i guda biyu, wanda ya haifar da kashe kudade masu yawa daga marasa lafiya. Wata rundunar LGBTI ta kasa ta gano cewa kashi 80 cikin 100 na masu canza jinsi, kashi 50 na 'yan madigo da kashi 20 cikin 100 na mazan luwadi ana nuna musu wariya yayin neman aikin yi.

== Hakkin ƙasa ==
Asusun yahudawa (JNF) yana iko da kashi 13% na ƙasar Isra'ila; wannan ƙasa an keɓe ta ne don amfanin Yahudawan Isra'ila keɓanta. Kasa da kashi 4% na ƙasar Isra'ila mallakar ƴan ƙasar Larabawa ne, duk da Larabawa da ke da kashi 20% na al'ummar ƙasar. An ɗauka gabaɗaya, kashi 93% na ƙasar a Isra'ila ana iko da ko dai ƙasar Isra'ila ko JNF; Ana kiran waɗannan ƙasashe a hukumance da &quot;ƙasashen Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Canje-canjen kwanan nan (wanda aka yi a cikin 2010) zuwa Dokar Kasa (Samun don Manufofin Jama'a) (1943), yana nufin tabbatar da ikon mallakar ƙasa na ƙasar da aka kwace daga Falasɗinawa (daga 1948 zuwa gaba) ta hanyar toshe iƙirarin Falasɗinawa na mallakar ƙasar da aka kwace a ƙarƙashin wannan doka, ko da a wuraren da ba a taɓa amfani da ita don dalilai na jama'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Cibiyar shari'ar Isra'ila Adalah ta bayar da rahoton cewa, &quot;A zahiri, an toshe Falasdinawa 'yan Isra'ila daga siye ko ba da hayar filaye a kusan kashi 80% na ƙasar Isra'ila bisa tushen ƙasarsu.&quot; Sakamakon, a cewarsu, shine &quot;mafi yawancin filayen gwamnati sun ƙunshi keɓaɓɓu, yankunan Yahudawa kaɗai.&quot; Adalah ya bayyana manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da ake aiwatar da keɓancewa daga mallakar filaye da amfani da su; ta hanyar abin da ake kira &quot;kwamitocin shiga&quot; da kuma ta hanyar abin da Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin manufofin nuna wariya na hukumomin jihohi da JNF.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Waɗannan kwamitocin shigar sun duba masu neman rukunin gidaje a garuruwan noma da al'umma a Isra'ila kuma sun haɗa da wani babban jami'i daga Ƙungiyar Sahayoniya ta Duniya ko Hukumar Yahudawa. Kusan garuruwa 700 a cikin Isra'ila (wanda ke lissafin kusan kashi 70% na duk garuruwan Isra'ila) suna da alaƙa da kwamitocin shiga. Sharuɗɗan da waɗannan kwamitocin suka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da ka'idojin dacewa, wanda Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin sabani da rashin gaskiya. Adalah ta ruwaito cewa ana tace Larabawa da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Isra'ila ta hanyar amfani da wannan ka'idojin dacewa. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Yahudawan Mizrahi da ƴan luwaɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, garuruwa da yawa a Isra'ila sun amince da dokoki da ke jaddada halayensu na Yahudawa, suna ƙayyade shigarwa cikin al'umma akan &quot;aminci ga hangen nesa na Zionist&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Nuna wariya ƙasar manufofin ne zuwa babban har kore da manufofin na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar ƙasar Isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin 1949 da 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF wakilan (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan ƙasar Isra'ila da ake kira manufofin ƙasa a cikin jihar 3. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan manufofin ya hana JNF ƙasar da za a ba wa waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

== Ƙananan kabilanci, dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci da shige da fice ==
Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu da Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan bambancin launin fata.

Nuna wariya ronu ne zuwa babban kore da tsofo na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da shekarar 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF rufi (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan Isra'ila a cikin iska daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin Isra'ila. hana JNF hadarin da za a ba wa koyarwa ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2009 |title=Gender and employment [Areas of work&amp;#93; |url=http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427190455/http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |archive-date=27 April 2009 |access-date=2010-07-22 |publisher=Ilo.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba ma'aikatan Larabawa a Ma'aikatu daban-daban &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Ma'aikatar
!% Ma'aikatan Larabawa 
|-
|Lafiya
|7.2
|-
|Ilimi
|6.2
|-
|Adalci
|3.9
|-
|Masana'antu, Ciniki da Aiki
|3.4
|-
|Sufuri
|2.3
|-
|Gidaje
|1.3
|-
|Kudi
|1.2
|}
Duk da Dokar Aiki (1998), kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah ta ba da rahoton cewa 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila suna fuskantar nuna bambanci a cikin damar aiki, albashi da yanayi. Adalah ta kuma ba da rahoton cewa jihar Isra'ila kanta (mafi girman ma'aikaci a Isra'ila) ba ta aiwatar da wannan dokar ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Misali, 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila da ke aiki a matsayin masu kwangila a cikin gyare-gyare a cibiyoyin ilimi na Isra'ilawa suna ƙarƙashin iyakancewa wanda Yahudawa Isra'ilawa ba sa ƙarƙashin su. Wannan ya haɗa da buƙatar dan kwangila ya hayar mai tsaro mai dauke da makami a wurin aiki a kan kuɗin kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khromchenko |first=Yulie |date=Mar 28, 2005 |title=Adalah Accuses Education Min. of Employment Discrimination |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240112202842/https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |access-date=12 Jan 2024 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila waɗanda mata ne, nakasassu, ko asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka suna da damar yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan Isra'ila na asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka, ko kuma masu nakasa, suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau game da shigar jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Council for Higher Education |url=http://che.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A1-1-%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%93.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=Che.org.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ייצוג הולם בשירות המדינה |url=http://www.csc.gov.il/DataBases/NewsLetters/NL19/Pages/AdequateRepresentation.aspx |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haramcin Wariya a Samfura, Sabis da Shiga Wuraren Nishaɗi da Wuraren Jama'a Dokar ta hana waɗanda ke gudanar da wuraren jama'a, ko ba da sabis ko samfura, don nuna bambanci saboda launin fata, addini, ƙasa, da ƙasar asali, da sauran dalilai. Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2010 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama ga Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye, dokokin Isra'ila sun hana nuna bambanci a kan launin fata, kuma gwamnati ta aiwatar da wadannan haramcin yadda ya kamata.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2010 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413173255/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |archive-date=13 April 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015 |publisher=US Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba Ayyuka ta Sashen da Kabilanci (2008) &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Aiki
!Ma'aikatan Larabawa (%) 
!Ma'aikatan Yahudawa (%) 
|-
|Gine-gine (maza) 
|28.4
|5.4
|-
|Ma'aikata marasa ƙwarewa
|14.6
|6.4
|-
|Ayyukan kasuwanci
|5.6
|14.3
|-
|Matsayi na gudanarwa
|2.3
|7.3
|-
|Bankin, inshora, da kudi
|0.8
|4.3
|}

=== 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila ===
Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta B'Tselem ta yi iƙirarin cewa an hana Larabawa a Urushalima haƙƙin zama, wanda ya haifar da karancin gidaje a yankunan Larabawa na Urushalima.

Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ta tuhumi cewa rage tallafin tsofaffi da kuma alawus-alawus na yara bisa aikin soji na iyaye na nuna wariya ga yaran Larabawa: &quot;Raguwar za ta kuma shafi 'ya'yan iyayen Yahudawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wadanda ba sa aikin soja, amma sun cancanci karin tallafin, gami da karin ilimi, wanda ba a samu ga yaran Larabawa na Falasdinu ba.&quot;

A cewar rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam ga Isra'ila da Yankunan da aka mamaye, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta yi &quot;ƙananan don rage nuna bambanci na hukuma, shari'a, da al'umma ga' yan ƙasar Larabawa&quot;.  Rahotanni na shekaru masu zuwa sun kuma gano nuna bambanci ga' yan asalin Larabawa a matsayin matsala ga Isra'ilawa, amma ba ta sake maimaita da'ila ta ba don rage nuna rashin nuna bambanci ba. 

Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam  ya lura cewa:

* Asusun Ƙasar Yahudawa (JNF) yana sarrafa kashi 12.5 cikin 100 na ƙasar jama'a amma dokokinta sun hana siyarwa ko hayar ƙasa ga waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba. A watan Oktoba, kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama sun shigar da kara ga Babban Kotun Shari'a suna da'awar cewa sanarwar da Gwamnatin Ƙasar Isra'ila (ILA) ta yi game da ƙasar JNF ta nuna bambanci saboda ta haramta Larabawa daga yin tayin. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2005, babban lauya ya yanke hukuncin cewa &quot;gwamnati ba za ta iya nuna bambanci ga Larabawa na Isra'ila a cikin tallace-tallace da rarraba ƙasashen da take sarrafawa ba, gami da na JNF.
* Kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na Isra'ila da Larabawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnati ta fi ƙuntatawa wajen bayar da izinin gini ga al'ummomin Larabawa da ƙalubalanci manufofin rushe gine-gine ba bisa ka'ida ba a bangaren Larabawa, yana iyakance ci gaban al'umma.
* &quot;A watan Yuni, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukuncin cewa barin garuruwan Larabawa daga wasu tsare-tsare na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na gwamnati na nuna wariya.
* An ƙalubalanci Tsarin Jagora na 1996 na Arewacin Isra'ila a matsayin wariya. Abubuwan da suka fi ba da fifiko sun haɗa da &quot;ƙara yawan Yahudawa na Galili da kuma toshe yanki na garuruwan Larabawa.&quot;
* Keɓe daga aikin soja na wajibi, yawancin Larabawa Isra'ila don haka ba su da damar samun dama fiye da sauran 'yan ƙasa zuwa fa'idodin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin wanda aikin soja ya zama buƙatu ko fa'ida, kamar gidaje, tallafin sabbin gidaje, da aikin yi, musamman aikin masana'antu na gwamnati ko na tsaro. Kwamitin Ivri kan yi wa kasa hidima ya ba da shawarwari a hukumance ga gwamnati cewa a ba wa Larabawa Isra'ila damar yin hidimar kasa.
* &quot;A bisa wani bincike da jami'ar Haifa ta gudanar a shekara ta 2003, akwai wani hali na sanya wa 'yan kasar Larabawa hukuncin dauri fiye da na Yahudawa. Masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama sun yi ikirarin cewa 'yan kasashen Larabawa sun fi fuskantar hukuncin kisa da kuma hana a bayar da belinsu.&quot;
* Rahoton hukumar Or Commission kan kisan ‘yan sanda na masu zanga-zangar Isra’ila da Larabawa ya gano cewa “sakamakon sakaci da wariya” gwamnati na tafiyar da bangaren Larabawa, tare da rabo ko albarkatun da bai dace ba wanda ke haifar da “mummunan wahala” daga al’umma. Abubuwan da ke nuna damuwa sun haɗa da talauci, rashin aikin yi, ƙarancin ƙasa, matsalolin ilimi, da nakasa abubuwan more rayuwa.

Rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila ya rubuta cewa: &quot;Gwamnati gaba daya tana mutunta hakkin 'yan kasarta; duk da haka, an sami matsaloli a wasu bangarori, ciki har da ... nuna wariya na hukumomi, shari'a, da kuma al'umma ga al'ummar Larabawa na kasar.&quot;

A cikin wani rahoto da ya mika wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bedouin ya yi ikirarin cewa suna fuskantar wariya kuma ba a daukarsu a matsayin 'yan kasa daidai a Isra'ila kuma ba a ba wa garuruwan Badouin hidima iri daya ba ko kuma filayen garuruwan Yahudawa masu girman gaske, kuma ba a ba su damar samun ruwa mai kyau. Birnin Be'er Sheva ya ki amincewa da wani wuri mai tsarki na Bedouin, duk da shawarar da Babbar Kotun ta bayar.

''Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2007 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam''  ya lura cewa:

* &quot;A cewar wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005 a Jami'ar Ibraniyawa, an kashe kuɗi sau uku a cikin ilimin yara Yahudawa kamar yadda yara Larabawa.&quot;

A watan Satumbar shekarar 2010, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta amince da gyare-gyare ga dokokin zama ɗan ƙasa na ƙasar. Shirin dokar ya tilasta wa duk wanda ke neman zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ya yi rantsuwa da &quot;Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasar Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot;. Larabawa na Isra'ila da kuma ƙungiyoyin hagu na Isra'ilawa ciki har da shugaban jam'iyyar adawa ta Kadima Tzipi Livni sun soki gyaran sosai. Masanin ilimin halayyar ilimi na Isra'ila Farfesa Gavriel Solomon ya ce rantsuwar aminci ta yi kama da Dokokin Nuremberg . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 October 2010 |title=Israeli academic: Loyalty oath resembles racist laws of 1935 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/israeli-academic-loyalty-oath-resembles-racist-laws-of-1935-1.318275 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magoya bayan gyaran sun bayyana cewa wadanda ba Yahudawa ba ne wadanda suka zama 'yan ƙasa suna buƙatar fahimtar cewa &quot;Jihar Isra'ila ita ce furcin kasa na ƙaddamar da kai na mutanen Yahudawa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2012 |title=Identifying with Israel's national character |url=http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-EdContributors/Article.aspx?id=190897 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isra'ila ta haramta 'yan ƙasa daga ziyartar ƙasashen abokan gaba ba tare da izini ba, ƙuntataccen tafiye-tafiye wanda, a cikin shekarar 2015, ya haɗa da Siriya, Iraki, Iran, Lebanon, Yemen, da Saudi Arabia. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah ta yi iƙirarin cewa wannan yana nuna bambanci ga 'yan asalin Larabawa da Isra'ila, kuma hukumomi ba su tsare Yahudawa ba bayan dawowa daga tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashe marasa izini kamar yadda suka yi da Larabawa Isra'ilawa. Har ila yau, an soki Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Isra'ila saboda nuna bambancin launin fata na 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah tana riƙe da jerin dokoki sama da 50 da take da'awar nuna bambanci ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. A cikin shekara ta 2015, an yi la'akari da launin fata na 'yan asalin Larabawa ta hanyar jami'an tsaro da sauran' yan ƙasa, da kuma hare-haren fansa a kan Larabawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2016&quot; /&gt;

Since the outbreak of the Gaza war, Israel has carried out mass arrests and detentions of Palestinians and Arab Israelis, with thousands arrested or detained in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories. On 5 November 2023, [[CNN]] reported that &quot;dozens&quot; of Palestinian residents and Arab citizens of Israel were arrested in Israel for expressions of solidarity with the civilian population of Gaza, sharing [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Quran]] verses, or expressing &quot;any support for the Palestinian people&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kottasová |first=Ivana |last2=Saifi |first2=Zeena |date=2023-11-05 |title='The reaction is extreme': Palestinians fear arrest if they voice sympathy for Gaza civilians |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/05/middleeast/palestinians-israel-fear-arrest-gaza-intl-cmd/index.html |website=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Haaretz'' described the widespread targeting of Arab Israelis by Israeli security forces. Referring to &quot;hundreds&quot; of interrogations, ''El País'' reported on 11 November that Israel increasingly treats its Arab minority as a &quot;potential fifth column&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pita |first=Antonio |date=2023-11-11 |title=Israel aumenta el cerco a su minoría árabe |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2023-11-11/israel-aumenta-el-cerco-a-su-minoria-arabe.html |website=El País |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ayyuka masu kyau ====
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau a cikin buƙatun shiga jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;/&gt;

=== Baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba da masu neman mafaka ===
Isra'ila jam'iyya ce ta jihar da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin [[Sudan]]_refugees_in_Israel&quot; id=&quot;mwBWo&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Sudanese refugees in Israel&quot;&gt;'yan gudun hijira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 April 2011 |title=Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b73b0d63.pdf |access-date=5 December 2012 |publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila suna la'akari da tsarin mafaka na Isra'ilawa da rashin adalci, kuma yawan amincewa da 'yan gudun hijira ya fi ƙasa da kashi 1%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Until our hearts are completely hardened, Report on asylum procedures in Israel, Hotline for Migrant Workers, April 2012 |url=http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018173547/http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga shekara ta 2003, kimanin baƙi 70,000 ba bisa ka'ida ba daga kasashe daban-daban na Afirka sun haye zuwa Isra'ila. Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 600 daga yankin Darfur na Sudan an ba su matsayin mazauna wucin gadi don sabuntawa kowace shekara, kodayake ba matsayin' yan gudun hijira na hukuma ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ACRI.org.il |url=http://www.acri.org.il/pdf/refugees0209en.pdf |access-date=25 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba da wasu 'yan gudun hijira 2,000 daga rikici tsakanin [[Eritrea]] da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] matsayin mazaunin wucin gadi a kan dalilai na jin kai, kodayake Isra'ila ta fi son kada ta gane su a matsayin' yan gudun hijira.

A cikin wani labari na shekarar 2012, ''Reuters'' ta ruwaito, &quot;Isra'ila na iya ɗaure baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba har zuwa shekaru uku a ƙarƙashin dokar da aka fara aiki a ranar Lahadi, wani jami'in Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ce, wani mataki da aka yi niyyar hana kwararar 'yan Afirka da ke shiga Isra'ila a kan iyakar hamada da Masar.  Ministan cikin gida Eli Yishai ya ce, &quot;Me ya sa muka yi rashin lafiya da zukata masu zubar da jini, gami da 'yan siyasa. Ayyuka za su zama mafi yawa a nan za su sa su zama jarirai, kuma wannan tayin ya sa Sudan ya fice su gudu zuwa duniya, kuma ya sa su zama mafi yawanci, kuma ya zama' yan gudun hijira za su gudu, kuma ya haifar da yawa, kuma ya fice ga Yesu Yesu ya sa suka fice, kuma ya fito da yawa, za su zama' yan kasa, kuma ya sami mafaka za su zama 'yan gudun hijira' yan gudunya suka ficececece' yan gudun

A karkashin Dokar Rigakafin Kutse ta 2014, duk masu ketare kan iyaka da ba bisa ka'ida ba an ayyana su a matsayin &quot;masu kutse&quot; kuma ana iya tsare su a gidan yarin Saharonim na tsawon watanni uku &quot;domin tantancewa&quot; sannan kuma watanni 12 a wurin Holhot mai nisa. Kamfanin dillancin labaran iqna ya habarta cewa, ya nakalto daga shafin sadarwa na yanar gizo na Hotline na ‘yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure cewa hukumomi sun mayar da fiye da rabin mutanen da ake tsare da su na Holot zuwa Saharonim har na tsawon watanni da dama saboda wasu laifukan da suka saba wa doka. A wasu jerin hukunce-hukuncen da kotun kolin ta yanke, ta yi watsi da cewa za a iya tsare bakin haure har abada, ta kuma ba da umarnin sakin bakin haure 1,178 'yan kasashen Eritrea da Sudan da ake tsare da su sama da shekara guda ba tare da tuhume su ba. Gwamnati ta hana wadannan masu neman mafaka daga Tel Aviv ko Eilat, inda za su kasance suna da al'ummomin tallafi da kuma samun damar yin ayyukan jin kai.

Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, tun daga shekarar 2011 yanayin 'yan gudun hijira a Isra'ila ya tabarbare &quot;saboda amincewa da manufofi da dokoki da nufin dakile masu neman mafaka a nan gaba ta hanyar yin wahala ga wadanda ke cikin kasar. Wadannan ayyuka sun kara tauye 'yancin jama'a da kuma karfafa barin kasar.&quot; Gwamnati za ta yi wahala a nemi izinin zama ɗan gudun hijira yayin da ake tsare da ita na tsawon shekara guda, kuma da zarar an sake shi za ta buƙaci masu neman su ba da hujjar rashin neman izini tun da farko. Ana kiran masu neman mafaka &quot;masu kutse&quot; ta gwamnati da kafafen yada labarai, wadanda ke danganta su da karuwar laifuka, cututtuka, da zaman banza.

=== 'Yan Afirka na Isra'ila ===
A cewar BBC, Yahudawa na Habasha da ke zaune a Isra'ila sun daɗe suna gunaguni game da nuna bambanci. Sun gudanar da tarurruka bayan yarjejeniyar da masu mallakar gidaje a kudancin Isra'ila suka yi don kada su hayar ko sayar da dukiyarsu ga Yahudawa na asalin Habasha. Al'ummar Yahudawa na Habasha sun shiga cikin zanga-zangar bayan bidiyon da ya fito wanda ya nuna 'yan sanda biyu suna doke soja na Habasha da Isra'ila, Demas Fekadeh . &lt;ref name=&quot;clash&quot; /&gt; Duk da yake zanga-zangar da dubban masu zanga-zambe suka yi da farko ba ta da tashin hankali, rikice-rikice da 'yan sanda sun ci gaba. ACRI ta yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan sanda sun kasa gargadi masu zanga-zangar kafin yin amfani da matakan watsa jama'a, kuma amfani da su bai karu a hankali ba. Gwamnati ta sauke tuhumar da aka yi wa Fekadeh, ta kammala cewa bai fara rikici da ya haifar da duka ba.

== Ilimi ==
[[Fayil:GalilSchoolSign.jpg|thumb|Alama a gaban Makarantar Galil, makarantar firamare ta [[Larabawa]] da Yahudawa a Isra'ila.]]
Dokar Ƴancin Dalibai ta [[Isra'ila]] ta shekarar 2000 ta haramta nuna bambanci ga ɗalibai saboda dalilai na ɗarika a shigarwa ko fitarwa daga cibiyar [[ilimi]], a cikin kafa tsarin karatun daban-daban ko gudanar da azuzuwan daban-daban a cikin wannan cibiyar [[ilimi]] guda, da kuma haƙƙoƙi da wajibai na ɗalibai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=חוק זכויות התלמיד באנגלית – Pupils' Rights Law |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/Zchuyot/ChukimVeamanot/Chukim/PupilsRightsLaw |access-date=16 May 2010 |publisher=Cms.education.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta aiwatar da wannan dokar, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar daga iyalan Orthodox waɗanda suka ki tura yaransu zuwa makarantu masu haɗin kai.
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

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An bayyana Isra'ila a cikin Sanarwar cewa 'yancin kai a matsayin &quot;jaha ta Yahudawa&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Avalon Project : Declaration of Israel's Independence 1948 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Avalon.law.yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; - an karɓi ma'anar doka &quot;Jiha ta Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot; a shekara ta 1985. Baya ga yawancin Yahudawa a yankin ban da [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Yankunan Palasdinawa]] da aka mamaye, Isra'ila gida ce ga 'yan tsiraru na addini da kabilanci, wasu daga cikinsu suna ba da rahoton nuna bambanci. A cikin yankunan Palasdinawa, Gwamnatocin Isra'ila da suka biyo baya sun fuskanci zargi na kasa da kasa daga wasu ƙasashe da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da na cikin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=Israel's apartheid against Palestinians |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Amnesty International]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shakir |first=Omar |date=2021-04-27 |title=A Threshold Crossed |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution |journal=[[Human Rights Watch]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Apartheid |url=https://www.btselem.org/topic/apartheid |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[B'Tselem]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ארכיון Settler Violence |url=https://www.yesh-din.org/en/category/settler-violence/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Yesh Din]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗaya daga cikin Dokokin Ƙananan na Isra'ila, wanda aka nufa don zama tushen kundin tsarin mulki na gaba,  Dokokin Ƙarshen: Darajar Dan Adam da 'Yanci, babban kayan aiki ne don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da' yancin jama'a a Jihar Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gavison |first=Ruth |year=1985 |title=The Controversy over Israel's Bill of Rights |journal=Israel Yearbook of Human Rights |volume=15 |pages=113–154}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah sun nuna cewa wannan dokar ba ta ƙunshi tanadi na gaba ɗaya don daidaito da rashin nuna bambanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inequality Report: The Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel - Adalah |url=https://www.adalah.org/en/content/view/7404 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.adalah.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, sun bayar da rahoton take hakkin bil'adama da kasar Isra'ila ke yi, musamman kan wasu tsiraru. Wadannan rahotanni sun hada da take hakkokin Falasdinawa, na ciki da wajen Isra'ila da kuma wasu kungiyoyi a Isra'ila.

Freedom House ya bayyana Isra'ila a matsayin 'yanci na siyasa da dimokuradiyya fiye da kasashe makwabta a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 January 2013 |title=US watchdog: Israel is Mideast's only 'free' state |url=https://www.jpost.com/National-News/US-watchdog-Israel-is-Mideasts-only-free-state |access-date=21 August 2018 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar na shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, Isra'ila na fuskantar manyan matsalolin kare hakkin bil'adama game da nuna wariya ga hukumomi a kan al'ummar Larabawa na Isra'ila (da yawa daga cikinsu suna bayyana kansu a matsayin Falasdinu), 'yan Isra'ila da mata na Habasha, da kuma kula da 'yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure. Sauran matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam sun haɗa da nuna wariyar hukuma ga Yahudawa waɗanda ba 'yan Orthodox ba da kuma iyalai masu aure, da cin zarafin ma'aikata a kan ma'aikatan kasashen waje.

== Tarihi ==
Majalisar Tarayyar Al'ummai ta amince da ƙuduri a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1931 game da yanayin da ake buƙata kafin a kawo ƙarshen mulkin. Sabuwar gwamnati ta samar da wata sanarwa ta baki ko rubuce-rubuce da ta amince da karɓar wajibin tabbatar da daidaito na kabilanci da addinai. Wannan ƙuduri ya biyo bayan tsohuwar doka ta duniya a lokuta inda manyan iko suka taimaka wajen maido da ikon mallakar yankin. Ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan &quot;Gwamnatin Falasdinu ta nan gaba&quot; ya ƙunshi duka shirin rabuwa da Shirin Kare Ƙananan .  Ya sanya 'yan tsiraru, mata, da' yancin addini a ƙarƙashin kariya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya. Shirin ya ba da takamaiman tabbacin haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali. Sabbin jihohin sun samar da sanarwa, wanda bisa ga abin da ya gabata ya yi daidai da yarjejeniya.&lt;ref&gt;See International Human Rights in Context, Henry J. Steiner, Philip Alston, Ryan Goodman, Oxford University Press US, 2008, {{ISBN|0-19-927942-X}}, page 100&lt;/ref&gt; Kudin ya bayyana cewa &quot;ka'idojin da ke cikin sanarwar an gane su a matsayin manyan dokoki na Jiha, kuma babu wata doka, ka'ida ko aikin hukuma da za su saba wa ko tsoma baki da waɗannan ka'idojin, kuma babu wani doka, ka-idaita ko aikin hukumi da zai mamaye su&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, November 29, 1947, C. Declarations |url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029150108/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |archive-date=29 October 2006 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanarwar kafa kasar Isra'ila ta yi shelar, a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1948, cewa &quot;haƙƙin Yahudawa na sake haifuwa na ƙasa a cikin ƙasarta&quot; an amince da shi a cikin sanarwar Balfour na 2 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1917, kuma an sake tabbatar da shi a cikin Umurnin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya wanda, musamman, ya ba da izini na kasa da kasa da Isra'ila ga Isra'ila da Isra'ila. hakkin Yahudawa na sake gina Gidansa na Ƙasa.&quot; Har ila yau, ta ayyana cewa kasar &quot;za ta kasance a bude don hijirar Yahudawa da kuma tattara 'yan gudun hijirar; za ta bunkasa ci gaban kasar don amfanin dukan mazaunanta; za ta kasance bisa 'yanci, adalci da zaman lafiya kamar yadda annabawan Isra'ila suka tsara; za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na zamantakewa da 'yancin siyasa ga dukan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini, addini ko jinsi ba; za ta ba da tabbaci ga harshe, yanci ko jinsi; kiyaye Wurare Mai Tsarki na dukan addinai; kuma zai kasance da aminci ga ƙa'idodin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.&quot;

Wasu malaman Burtaniya suna jayayya cewa Isra'ila ba ta cika wajibinta na kare haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru ba.&lt;ref&gt;Yvonne Schmidt, &quot;Foundations of Civil and Political Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories&quot;, GRIN Verlag, 2008, {{ISBN|3-638-94450-6}}, page 98&lt;/ref&gt;

Asalin Dokar Isra'ila: Mutuncin Dan Adam da 'Yanci, ya ce muhimman haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Isra'ila za a kiyaye su bisa ga ƙa'idodin da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar, amma ta keɓance musamman dokar da ta riga ta fara aiki. Masana harkokin shari'a na Isra'ila sun ce an yi amfani da kalmomin dokar ne don guje wa wahalar ba da fifiko ga daidaito, wanda ba a san shi ba. Sakamakon shi ne cewa za a iya jujjuya ƙa'idar daidaito ta hanyar doka ta yau da kullun, kuma ba za ta yi watsi da ka'idodin doka ko na alƙalai ba.

== Matsayi na 'yanci,' yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a a Isra'ila ==

=== 'Yancin zama ɗan ƙasa ===
Dokar kasa ta Isra'ila da Dokar Komawa, sun bambanta tsakanin Yahudawa Isra'ilawa da Falasdinawa Isra'ilawa ta hanyar sabunta ra'ayi na kasa yahudawa da ke bambanta da zama dan kasar Isra'ila. Duk da take, Dokar Ƙasa ba ta kafa ra'ayin ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ba, a maimakon haka tana danganta ɗan ƙasa da alaƙar addini.

Dokar Kasa ta ba da izinin Palasdinawa su zama 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila ne kawai idan sun kasance (ko kuma zuriyar waɗanda ke wurin) a Isra'ila tsakanin shekarar 1948 da shekarar 1952. Wadannan ƙuntatawa sun cire duk waɗanda aka kore su ko waɗanda suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 da zuriyarsu. Dokar Komawa ta tabbatar da haƙƙin kowane [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ya yi ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ta atomatik. Falasdinawa da zuriyarsu waɗanda aka kore su ko suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 an hana su wannan haƙƙin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Dokar zama dan kasa da shiga cikin Isra'ila (2003) ta hana Falasdinawa daga yankunan Falasdinawa da aka mamaye 'yancin samun matsayin zama na Isra'ila ko zama dan kasa, ko da a lokuta da suka yi aure da 'yan Isra'ila. Wannan haramcin ya ta'allaka ne kan dan kasa ba kan wani lamari na tsaro ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2008, Knesset ta amince da Dokar zama ɗan ƙasa (gyara Lamba 9) (Ikon soke zama ɗan ƙasa) (2008), wanda ke ba da damar soke zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila bisa ga &quot;cin amana&quot;. Musamman ma, keta amana na iya haɗawa da aikin zama a wasu ƙasashen Larabawa ko musulmi ko yankin Gaza. Wannan doka ta halatta soke zama ɗan ƙasa a kan haka ba tare da an yanke masa hukunci ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

=== Hakki da 'yanci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka yi ===
Binciken da Freedom House mai hedkwata a Amurka ya gudanar a shekara ta 2013, wanda ke kokarin auna irin dimokuradiyya da 'yancin siyasa a kowace kasa, ya sanya Isra'ila tare da Tunisiya a matsayin kasa daya tilo da ke da 'yanci a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;/&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''Rarrabawar Isra'ila, da yankunan da ta mamaye, ta Freedom House, The Economist Intelligence Unit da Transparency International'''
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
!Kasar / Ƙungiya - NGO
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Gidan 'Yanci
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sashin leken asiri na tattalin arziki
!Bayyanawa ta Duniya
|-
!Rahoton-Ranking
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'Yanci a Duniya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lissafin Dimokuradiyya
!Rashin fahimta na cin hanci da rashawa
|-
!
!Rarraba 'yanci, Wani bangare na 'yanci&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;'Yanci'&lt;/span&gt;, Wani ɓangare na' Yanci, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Ba 'Yanci ba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
![[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|'Yancin siyasa]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[Ƴancin Jama'a|'Yancin Jama'a]]&lt;br /&gt;
!Dimokuradiyya Rarraba Dimokuradiya Cikakken Dimokuradiyar, Dimokuradiyan da ba su da kyau, Tsarin Mulki&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Cikakken dimokuradiyya&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#cfc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Dimokuradiyya mara kyau&lt;/span&gt;, Tsarin Mulki na Hybrid, Tsarin Mulki&lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Tsarin mulki na mulkin mallaka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!Cikakken Sakamakon
!Ra'ayoyin cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Isra'ila
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |'Yanci'
|1
|2
| style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot; |Dimokuradiyya mara kyau
|7.79
|6.0
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |Ba 'Yanci ba
|6
|6
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|}

; Bayani
:

* Ta hanyar Freedom House 2009 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Map of Freedom in the World |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&amp;year=2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ga 'yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a, 1 yana wakiltar mafi kyawun kyauta kuma 7 mafi ƙarancin kyauta.
* Bisa ga The Economist Intelligence Unit 2010 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Democracy Index 2010 |url=http://graphics.eiu.com/PDF/Democracy_Index_2010_web.pdf |access-date=2 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cikakken dimokuradiyya suna da jimlar 10 zuwa 8, dimokuradiyar da ba ta dace ba tana da jimlar 7.9 zuwa 6, gwamnatocin haɗin gwiwa suna da jimillar 5.9 zuwa 4, kuma gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna da jimla daga 3.9 zuwa 1. Matsayin dimokuradiyya ya fi girma yayin da ci ya karu.
* Dangane da ƙididdigar cin hanci da rashawa ta duniya ta shekara-shekara,  ci ya kasance daga 10 (mai tsabta) zuwa 0 (mai cin hanci).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=2008 Corruption Perceptions Index |url=http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311002755/http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |archive-date=11 March 2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |website=Transparency International Annual Report |publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun soki gwamnatin Isra'ila saboda kai hari ga kungiyoyin farar hula da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila (ACRI), babbar kungiyar 'yancin jama'a ta Isra'ila, jerin kokarin gwamnatin Isra'ila a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun kai hari kan kungiyoyin fararen hula na Isra'ila da Kotun Koli na Isra'ila. Rahoton ACRI na Disamba 2017 ya gabatar da abin da yake kallo a matsayin misalan harin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ci gaba da kai wa dimokuradiyyar Isra'ila, 'yancin ɗan adam, 'yancin yin zanga-zanga, mutunta kimar daidaici, da 'yancin siyasa, zamantakewa da 'yan tsiraru. Wannan yanayin a Isra'ila an kira shi &quot;rashin bin tsarin mulki&quot; ta wasu masu sharhi na shari'a.

=== Zaben, jam'iyyun siyasa, da wakilci ===
A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan Isra'ila, &quot;Dokar ta bai wa 'yan kasar damar zabar gwamnatinsu a zabukan lokaci-lokaci na 'yanci da adalci bisa tsarin zabe na bai daya, kuma 'yan kasar sun yi amfani da wannan damar.&quot; Zaɓen da aka gudanar a watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2015 an yi la'akari da shi cikin 'yanci da adalci a wurin masu sa ido. An soki sauyin da aka yi a matakin zabe da cewa ya takaita wakilcin kananan jam’iyyu, musamman ma da ke shafar tsirarun Larabawa. Wannan ya sa jam'iyyu hudu masu rinjaye na Larabawa suka hade waje daya, wato Joint List, wanda ya samu kujeru 13, ya kuma zama bangare na uku mafi girma a majalisar Knesset. Galibin Falasdinawa a yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye na rayuwa ne a karkashin mamayar Isra'ila kuma ba 'yan kasar Isra'ila ba ne. Ba a yarda su kada kuri'a a Isra'ila ba.

Doka ta asali: Knesset (1958) da gyare-gyaren da suka biyo baya sun hana jerin jam'iyyun tsayawa takara a majalisar Knesset idan manufofinta ko ayyukanta sun hada da &quot;kyau da wanzuwar kasar Isra'ila a matsayin kasar Yahudawa&quot;. Cibiyar shari'a ta Isra'ila Adalah ta bayyana cewa &quot;wannan dokar ta hana yin amfani da 'yancin yin siyasa cikin 'yanci, ciki har da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da shiga siyasa. Ana amfani da ita sau da yawa don ƙoƙarin hana jam'iyyun siyasa na Larabawa da 'yan majalisar dokoki don neman canza yanayin kasa ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, alal misali, zuwa wata ƙasa da ta dogara da cikakken daidaito na farar hula da na kasa wanda ba ya ba da fifiko ga wata ƙungiya ta kasa fiye da ɗayan, har ma da toshe muhawara kan irin waɗannan shawarwari.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Mata sun fuskanci manyan matsalolin al'adu a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa masu wakiltar ƙungiyoyin addini masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma, a ƙaramin mataki, tsirarun Larabawa. A zaben 2015, Knesset mai mambobi 120 na da mambobi mata 29 da mambobi Larabawa 15. An nada mata uku a majalisar ministocin, kuma a karon farko, wata Balarabe Isra'ila ta jagoranci wani kwamiti na dindindin.

=== 'Yanci na addini ===
[[Fayil:Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg|left|thumb|Ganuwar Yamma, [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]]]]
Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2009 kan Isra'ila da yankunan da ta mamaye, &quot;Dokar Isra'ila ta Bada 'Yanci da Mutunci da 'Yanci ta tanadi 'yancin yin ibada kuma gabaɗaya Gwamnati na mutunta wannan hakki a aikace.&quot; Rahoton ya kara da cewa &quot;Manufar gwamnati ta ci gaba da goyon bayan gudanar da harkokin addini na 'yanci, duk da cewa ana ci gaba da nuna wariya na gwamnati da na shari'a ga wadanda ba Yahudawa ba da kuma na addinin Yahudanci ba&quot; kuma &quot;Yahudawa da yawa 'yan kasar sun ki amincewa da ikon Orthodox na keɓance kan muhimman al'amuran rayuwarsu.&quot; Rahoton ya bayyana cewa kimanin ‘yan kasar 310,000 da suka yi hijira zuwa Isra’ila a karkashin dokar komowa, ba mabiya addinin Orthodoks ke daukar Yahudawa ba, don haka ba za a iya aure ko a sake su ba, ko kuma a binne su a makabartun Yahudawan da ke cikin kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite report|last1=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan samun iko da Yammacin Kogin a shekarar 1967, Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin musulmi damar shiga masallatai, gami da [[Al-Aqsa]], da kuma damar Kirista zuwa majami'u. Isra'ila ta ba da kariya ga wuraren addini na addinan da ba na Yahudawa ba; mafi shahararren Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila (IDF) sun kama wani mutum wanda ya sanar da su shirinsa na kai hari Masallacin Al-Aqsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2006 |title=Police arrest J'lem rabbi who threatened to carry out terror attack on Temple Mount |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/770846.html |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu lokuta, bukukuwan kwanaki masu tsarki ta addinai daban-daban suna da damar haifar da rikici; don haka 'yan sanda na Isra'ila suna daukar matakai don kauce wa rikici tsakanin al'ummomi ta hanyar bayar da ƙuntatawa na wucin gadi kan motsi  da bautar da ake ji. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 September 2006 |title=Restrictions on Old City Jews During Ramadan – Inside Israel – Israel News |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=112595 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar wani rahoto na shekara ta 2009 daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Ofishin Demokraɗiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam, da Kwadago, Isra'ila ta gaza kasancewa al'umma mai juriya ko jam'i. A cewar rahoton, Isra'ila na nuna wariya ga Musulmai, Shaidun Jehobah, Yahudawa masu kawo sauyi, Kirista, mata da kuma Badawiyya. Dukkan wurare 137 masu tsarki da Isra'ila ta amince da su Yahudawa ne, suna yin watsi da kuma yin watsi da wuraren Kirista da na Musulmi, duk da Dokar Kare Wuraren Tsarkakewa ta 1967 da aka yi niyya don kare dukkan wurare masu tsarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 February 2009 |title=2008 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226174854/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |archive-date=26 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=[[US Department of State]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Baha'i|Bangaskiyar Bahá'í]] (a cikin 1960) tana kula da wurin zama na hukumomin su, Gidan Shari'a na Duniya, a Haifa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Baháʼí World Centre |url=http://www.bahai.org/dir/bwc |access-date=31 July 2006 |publisher=[[Baháʼí International Community]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] yana aiki a matsayin addini a Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Diamond Way Buddhism in Israel |url=http://www.buddhism.org.il/?newlang=english |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Diamond Way Buddhism}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Buddhanet's Middle East Buddhist Directory: Israel |url=http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm#israel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627120448/http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm |archive-date=27 June 2006 |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta wallafa nazarin tashin hankali na zamantakewa ta ƙasa. Cibiyar Hostilities Index (SHI) tana auna ayyukan ƙiyayya ta addini ta mutane, ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyin jama'a. &quot;Wannan ya haɗa da taron jama'a ko tashin hankali na ɗarika, cin zarafi kan tufafi saboda dalilai na addini, da sauran tsoratar da addini ko cin zarafi. &quot;  A cikin shekarar 2007, Isra'ila tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 10 da ke da maki sama da 7.1 a sikelin 10; a cikin 2010, Isra'ila da yankunan Palasdinawa sun kasance biyu daga cikin yankuna 15 da ke da mafi girman ƙimar SHI.&lt;ref name=&quot;pewforum.org&quot; /&gt;

=== Dokokin aure da saki ===
Ma'aurata da ke son yin aure na iya yin hakan ne kawai ta hanyar bikin addini, idan Yahudawa, [[Aure a Musulunci|Musulmi]], Kirista, ko wasu. Ma'aurata marasa addini, tun daga shekara ta 2014, na iya samun wani nau'in auren farar hula a Isra'ila, kuma su sami [[Relationships Card|Katin Dangantaka]] ta sabuwar kungiyar da ke canza matsayinsu ga ma'aurata, kuma suna ba su duk hakkokin da suka fito daga gare ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=רשומות הכנסת, קובץ התקנות, 7326, הודעת ברית הזוגיות לחסרי דת (אגרות), התשע&quot;ד-2014. עמוד 486. |url=http://www.justice.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/97DAEDE3-9271-40E7-ADF9-4C91058FAF75/42863/7326.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=משפחה חדשה |url=http://www.news1.co.il/uploadFiles/543728053569794.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=News1.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2014 |title=לראשונה: תעודת הזוגיות של &quot;משפחה חדשה&quot; הוכרה כנישואים |url=http://www.mako.co.il/pride-news/local/Article-bf5f377c4709a41006.htm |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Mako.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aure na doka na yau da kullun yana ba ma'aurata hakkoki iri ɗaya da ma'auratan ke morewa. 'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila na iya tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje don auren farar hula, wanda ke da alhakin a ƙarƙashin dokar Isra'ila.

A lokacin Al-Aqsa Intifada a shekara ta 2003, Knesset ta yi gyare-gyare na wucin gadi ga Dokar 'yan kasa da shiga cikin Dokar Isra'ila wanda ya hana Palasdinawa da suka yi aure ga Isra'ilawa samun'ila ko zama. Masu sukar suna jayayya cewa dokar wariyar launin fata ce saboda an yi niyya ne ga Larabawa na Isra'ila waɗanda ke da yiwuwar samun ma'aurata Palasdinawa fiye da sauran Isra'ilawa; masu kare sun ce dokar tana da niyyar hana hare-haren ta'addanci da kiyaye halin Yahudawa na Isra'ilawa. Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambanci tsakanin launin fata ya amince da ƙuduri cewa dokar Isra'ila ta keta yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya game da wariyar launin fata. Jakadan Isra'ila a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva, [[Yaakov Levy]], ya ce ƙudurin &quot;ya kasance mai zurfi na siyasa&quot;, yana mai nuna rashin nasarar kwamitin na ba da buƙatar Isra'ila don gabatar da shaidar &quot;biyan dokar da ke cikin dokar kasa da kasa da kuma aiki&quot;, misalai na &quot;batutuwa masu yawa [inda] ba da matsayin doka ga matan Palasdinawa na mazaunan Isra'ila  yi amfani da shi da mazaunan Palasdinawa don Ta'addanci na kashe kansa&quot;, da kuma watsi da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Turai batun ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Babban Kotun Isra'ila.[was]

Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI) ta shigar da takarda don a soke dokar  amma Kotun Koli ta amince da ita a shekara ta 2006.  A cikin tsara dokar, gwamnati ta ambaci, &quot;bayanan da jami'an tsaro suka gabatar, wanda ya ce kungiyoyin ta'addanci suna ƙoƙarin tattara Palasdinawa waɗanda suka riga sun karɓi ko za su karɓi takardun Isra'ila kuma cewa jami'an tsaron suna da wahalar rarrabe tsakanin Palasdinawa da za su iya taimaka wa 'yan ta'adda da waɗanda ba za su ba&quot;. A cikin hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila game da wannan al'amari, Mataimakin Babban Alkalin Shari'a Mishael Cheshin ya yi jayayya cewa, &quot;yan ƙasar Isra'ila  jin daɗin haƙƙin tsarin mulki don kawo ɗan ƙasar waje zuwa Isra'ila... kuma haƙƙin - ƙari, wajibi ne - na jihar, na kowace jiha, don kare mazaunanta daga waɗanda ke son cutar da su. &quot;

A shekara ta 2009, Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka na Dimokuradiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ayyuka sun soki rashin auren farar hula da saki a Isra'ila ga baƙi waɗanda ba a dauke su Yahudawa a ƙarƙashin dokar rabbi ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Human rights activists have criticised Israel's stay of exit order, saying it unfairly targets divorced men by preventing them from leaving the country indefinitely until they settle the full child support arrears of their children until age 18. While this could easily amount to obligations in the millions of US dollars, even a US$100 debt can trigger a stay of exit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CCF Israel Report of the Israeli Civil Society |url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=tbinternet.ohchr.org |publisher=ccfisrael.org |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106020129/https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The men are required to pay 100% or more of their income, and are jailed for 21 days each time they miss a monthly payment. In 2021, it was reported that an Australian man who was divorced from his Israeli wife was detained from leaving the country in 2013, with the stay of exit being in force until 31 December 9999, or until he paid $3 million in child support arrears. Marianne Azizi, British journalist and head of Coalition of the Children and Families in Israel (CCF), estimated that hundreds more Australians were trapped in the country as a result of the stay of exit. She had been informed by British Embassy officials in Tel Aviv that 100 British nationals per month had been reaching out to them for help in getting out of the country.&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian&quot; /&gt;

A watan Maris na 2019, Azizi ta ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu a Geneva game da take hakkin dan Adam da ta ci gaba da kasancewa sakamakon kai tsaye sakamakon ka'idojin tallafawa yara kanana a Isra'ila, tana mai cewa &quot;... Rayuwar ubanni sama da 2,000 a kashe kansu yana da tsada&quot;. Ta ce Isra'ilawa ba sa bayar da rahoton take hakin bil'adama saboda tsoron &quot;sakamako&quot;, kamar yadda wasu masu fafutuka suka kwace musu 'ya'yansu. Lauyan Mickey Givati, wanda ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya ya ba shi izinin taimakawa baki daga Isra'ila, ya shaida cewa an sanya na'urorin bin diddigin a cikin motarsa da gidansa da kuma wayarsa, kuma an ajiye 'ya'yansa a wani matsuguni ba bisa ka'ida ba.

=== Tsarin shari'a da shari'ar aikata laifuka ===
Dokar Isra'ila ta tanadi 'yancin yin shari'a ta gaskiya da kuma shari'a mai zaman kanta. Rahoton da Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra’ila ya nuna cewa a wasu lokuta kotuna suna yanke hukunci a kan bangaren zartarwa, ciki har da wasu shari’o’in tsaro. Kungiyoyin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam sun yi imanin ana mutunta wadannan bukatu gaba daya. Tsarin yana da adawa kuma ƙwararrun alkalai ne ke yanke hukunci. Wadanda ake tuhuma marasa galihu suna samun wakilci na tilas. Wasu yankunan kasar na karkashin ikon shari'a daban-daban na kotunan soji. An yi imanin cewa waɗannan kotuna sun yi daidai da sauran kotunan laifuka na Isra'ila kan batutuwan da suka shafi fararen hula. Ba za a iya yanke hukunci a waɗannan kotuna bisa ikirari kaɗai ba.

=== Hukuncin kisa ===
A halin yanzu dai dokar Isra'ila ta ba da damar yanke hukuncin kisa kan manyan laifukan da aka aikata a lokacin yaki, amma an soke shi a lokacin zaman lafiya. Laifukan da ake aikatawa a lokacin yaƙi sun haɗa da kisan kiyashi, laifuffukan da ake yi wa Yahudawa, laifuffukan cin zarafin ɗan adam, da laifukan yaƙi. Mutum daya tilo da aka taba yankewa hukuncin kisa bayan an same shi da laifi a wata kotun farar hula ta Isra’ila shi ne mai laifin yakin Nazi Adolf Eichmann .

=== 'Yancin fursunoni ===
B'Tselem ta ruwaito cewa an yi ta azabtar da mutanen da ba a zarginsu da aikata laifuka, wadanda suka hada da malaman addini, shehunai da malaman addini, masu fafutuka a kungiyoyin agaji, da daliban Musulunci. Sauran da za a azabtar da su sun hada da ’yan’uwa da sauran dangin mutanen da aka lissafa a matsayin wadanda ake so da kuma duk wani Bafalasdine a cikin aikin injiniya. A wasu lokutan kuma, an kama matan da ake tsare da su tare da wulakanta su don kara matsa wa mazajensu. Jami’an ISA a wasu lokutan suna azabtar da Falasdinawa domin daukar su a matsayin masu hada kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Background of the High Court of Justice's Decision |url=http://www.btselem.org/torture/background |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

B'Tselem ta kiyasta cewa ISA na yin tambayoyi tsakanin Falasdinawa 1,000 zuwa 1,500 a kowace shekara kuma tana amfani da hanyoyin da za su zama azabtarwa ga wasu kashi 85 cikin 100 na su, akalla mutane 850 a shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;/&gt;

[[Amnesty International]] ta kuma bayar da rahoton yin amfani da azabtarwa ga fursunonin Palasdinawa, tare da tsare-tsare, ba tare da shari'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Human rights in Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty ta ruwaito cewa an tsare Palasdinawa sama da 2,200 daga yankin Yammacin da aka mamaye a watan farko na Yaƙin Gaza na shekarar 2023. Bayanai da rikodin bidiyo sun nuna azabtar da fursunoni, gami da mummunan duka da wulakanci ga fursunoni.  Ta hanyar tilasta musu su sa kawunansu su kwanta, su durƙusa a ƙasa yayin ƙididdigar fursunoni&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=Israel/OPT: Horrifying cases of torture and degrading treatment of Palestinian detainees amid spike in arbitrary arrests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/11/israel-opt-horrifying-cases-of-torture-and-degrading-treatment-of-palestinian-detainees-amid-spike-in-arbitrary-arrests/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani rahoto na shekara ta 1978 daga karamin ofishin jakadancin da ke birnin Kudus ya bayyana shari’ar sojan da aka yi wa wasu matasa ‘yan kasar Amurka guda biyu wadanda suka ba da rahoton cewa mahukuntan Isra’ila sun yi amfani da karfin tuwo wajen samun ikirari daga wajensu. Rahoton ya kammala da cewa hukumomin Isra'ila na sane da cewa mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da &quot;tilastawa ta jiki da musgunawa&quot; wajen samun ikirari.

Hukumar Landau ta shekarar 1987, karkashin jagorancin mai shari'a Moshe Landau na Kotun Koli, an nada ta ne domin ta binciki hanyoyin tambayoyi na Hukumar Tsaron Isra'ila (ISA) kuma ta ce &quot;ba za a iya guje wa yin matsananciyar matsin lamba ba&quot;. Duk da haka, hukumar ta yi Allah wadai da wata takarda ta cikin gida ta shekarar 1982 wadda ta umurci masu yin tambayoyi kan irin karyar da ya kamata su yi a kotu lokacin da suke musanta cewa za su yi amfani da karfin jiki wajen samun ikirari. Ta yi Allah-wadai da shedar karya da abin ya shafa amma ta ba da shawarar a guji hukunta wadanda suka aikata ta. Sashi na biyu na rahoton Landau ya kasance sirri ne, an yi imanin cewa yana ɗauke da ƙa'idodin hanyoyin tambayoyi da aka halatta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Landau Commission examined interrogation methods |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/Torture/Background.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hukumar Landau ta kai ga daruruwan korafe-korafe da Falasdinawa da ake tsare da su suka yi na korafin cewa an yi amfani da karfi a kansu a lokacin da ISA ke yi musu tambayoyi. A cikin keɓantattun shari'o'i, an ba da umarnin wucin gadi na ɗan lokaci da ke hana ISA amfani da duka ko wasu hanyoyin, amma a watan Satumba na 1999, Kotun Koli ta ƙi yanke hukunci ko suna da doka a ƙarƙashin dokokin Isra'ila da na duniya.

A cikin 1994, Rahoton Kwanturolan Jiha (wanda aka fitar a taƙaitaccen tsari a cikin Fabrairu 2000) ya gano cewa hanyoyin tambayoyin ISA sun saba wa doka, ƙa'idodin Hukumar Landau, da ƙa'idodin cikin gida wanda sabis ɗin kansa ya tsara.

A watan Yulin shekarar 2002, ''Haaretz'' ya nakalto wani babban jami'in ISA yana cewa, tun lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke shawara, an bayyana Falasdinawa 90 a matsayin &quot;bamai masu saurin kai&quot; da kuma &quot;hanyar tambayoyi masu ban mamaki, &quot;watau azabtarwa, an yi amfani da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ha'aretz quoted a senior GSS official |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/torture/ |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran masu tambayoyin Isra'ila sun yarda cewa ISA &quot;tana amfani da duk wani magudi mai yiwuwa, har zuwa girgiza da bugawa. &quot; Yawancin bayanan daga Falasdinawa sun tabbatar da cewa azabtarwa har yanzu yana cikin tambayoyin Israʼila. 

According to a 2011 report by two Israeli human rights organisations, the Public Committee Against Torture (PCAT) and Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), Israeli doctors fail to report suspected torture and conceal related information, allowing Israeli Security Agency interrogators to use torture against Palestinian detainees.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harriet Sherwood |date=3 November 2011 |title=Israeli doctors 'failing to report torture of Palestinian detainees' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/03/israeli-doctors-report-torture-palestinian |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, wata doka ta ba da izinin tilasta ciyar da fursunoni masu fama da yunwa. Koyaya, Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Isra'ila ta bayyana dokar ba ta da kyau kuma ta bukaci likitoci da su ƙi aiwatar da ita.

==== Shirye-shiryen ilimi ====
Ana ba fursunoni damar ɗaukar darussan kan layi daga Open University of Israel, da kuma kammala digiri na ilimi. Wannan ba haƙƙin da aka ba shi ba ne amma fa'ida, dangane da halin kirki, tare da hukumomin kurkuku suna biyan kuɗin karatunsu na jami'a. Darussan suna cikin fannoni na: bil'adama, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, gudanarwa, ilimin halayyar dan adam da kimiyyar siyasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;knesset.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yaniv Ronen |date=28 November 2012 |title=לימודים אקדמיים של אסירים ביטחוניים |trans-title=Academic studies of security prisoners |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504160748/https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2015 |language=he}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar ita ce ta ba fursunoni kayan aiki don magance rayuwa a waje, don haka bayan an sake su daga kurkuku za su sami ilimi mai dacewa don taimaka musu samun aiki, da kuma hana su komawa rayuwar aikata laifuka.

==== Fursunoni na siyasa ====
A cikin shekarar 2011, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-Moon ya ce Isra'ila ta tsare dubban Palasdinawa a matsayin fursunonin siyasa, kuma ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta sake su. Ban ya ce sakin fursunonin siyasa zai &quot;yi aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar gina amincewa&quot; kuma ya bunkasa damar zaman lafiya a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 March 2011 |title=United Nations News Centre |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=37698&amp;Cr=palestin&amp;Cr1 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=UN News Service Section}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty International ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta saki fursunonin siyasa, tana mai cewa &quot;duk fursunonin siyasar da aka tsare ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba ya kamata a yi musu shari'a a shari'a ko kuma a sake su nan da nan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press Releases |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603062041/http://amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |archive-date=3 June 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

John Dugard ya kwatanta zaman kurkukun da Isra'ila ke yi wa Falasdinawa da manufofin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, yana mai cewa &quot;'Yan sandan tsaron wariyar launin fata sun aiwatar da azabtarwa sosai, haka ma jami'an tsaron Isra'ila. Akwai fursunonin siyasa da dama a tsibirin Robben amma akwai karin fursunonin siyasa na Falasdinawa a gidajen kurkukun Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=John Dugard |title=Apartheid and the occupation of Palestine |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/11/201111395153781378.html |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Tsayar da gudanarwa =====
Tsayawa na gudanarwa hanya ce da ake tsare fursunoni ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba. An ba da izinin hukunce-hukuncen ta hanyar umarnin gudanarwa daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Isra'ila ko kwamandojin soja na Isra'ila. [[Amnesty International]] ta yi imanin cewa aikin ya karya Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa wanda &quot;ya bayyana cewa babu wanda ya kamata a tsare shi da gangan kuma cewa hana 'yanci dole ne ya dogara da dalilai da hanyoyin da doka ta kafa&quot;. Amnesty International ta kuma damu da cewa fursunonin lamiri suna &quot;tsare ne kawai don yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya ba tare da tashin hankali ba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 1997 |title=Administrative detention: Despair, uncertainty and lack of due process |url=http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES\ISRAEL\OCCUPIED+TERRITORIES |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922021743/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES%5CISRAEL%5COCCUPIED%2BTERRITORIES |archive-date=22 September 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar B'Tselem a halin yanzu akwai Falasdinawa 645 da ke tsare a karkashin tsare-tsare ta Isra'ila da kuma 105 ta IDF. Yawancin ana kiyaye su a Yammacin Kogin Yamma a sansanin Soja na Ofer ko a sansanin soja na Ansar 3 / Ketziot a cikin hamadar Negev . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 July 2006 |title=Administrative Detention |url=http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824195154/http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |archive-date=24 August 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Shirye-shiryen ilimi a kurkuku don tsare-tsare =====
A shekara ta 2009, akwai fursunonin Palasdinawa 250 da ke karatu a Jami'ar Isra'ila. A watan Yunin shekarar 2011, Firayim Minista Benjamin Netanyahu ya sanar, don mayar da martani ga dakatar da tattaunawar zaman lafiya, cewa ba za a ba fursunonin Palasdinawa damar neman digiri na ilimi a kurkuku ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Barak Ravid |date=23 June 2011 |title=Netanyahu: Israel to toughen conditions of Palestinian prisoners |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/netanyahu-israel-to-toughen-conditions-of-palestinian-prisoners-1.369269 |access-date=16 May 2012 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshen shekara ta 2012, fursunoni uku sun daukaka kara ga Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya ki amincewa da roko. A cikin hukunce-hukuncen su, alƙalai sun bayyana cewa haƙƙin samun ilimi na jami'a kyauta bai shafi waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci na laifuffukan ta'addanci ba. Hukuncin, duk da haka, ya yi kira ga hukumomin kurkuku da su &quot;yi la'akari&quot; da yanke shawara game da shari'o'in fursunoni da suka riga sun kasance a tsakiyar shirye-shiryen ilimi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 December 2012 |title=Court: End of Free College for Terrorists |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/163549 |access-date=24 March 2014 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 'Yanci na magana da kafofin watsa labarai ===
[[Fayil:Israeli_Press_1949.jpg|thumb|Sashe na jaridu na Isra'ila a cikin 1949.]]
Censorship a Isra'ila ana gudanar da shi ne a hukumance ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila, wani sashi a cikin gwamnatin Isra'ila wanda aka ba shi aiki a hukumance don aiwatar da censorship na kariya game da buga bayanan da zasu iya shafar tsaro Isra'ila. Babban mai binciken Isra'ila ne ke jagorantar hukumar, jami'in soja wanda Ministan Tsaro na Isra'ila ya nada, wanda ya ba Babban mai binciken ikon hana bayanan da ya ga ya dace da kasancewa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aluf Benn |date=July–August 2001 |title=Israel: Censoring the past |url=http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619213158/http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences |publisher=University of Maryland}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=P.R. Kumaraswamy |date=September 1998 |title=India and Israel: Evolving Strategic Partnership |url=http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/publications/40pub.html |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Mideast Security and Policy Studies |publisher=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamar Shirin [[makaman nukiliya]] na Isra'ilawa da ayyukan soja na Isra'il a waje da iyakokinta. A matsakaici, labaran jarida 2240 a Isra'ila suna tantancewa ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila a kowace shekara, kusan 240 daga cikinsu a cikakke, kuma kusan 2000 a wani ɓangare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2021 |title=נתונים חדשים חושפים טפח מאחורי הקלעים של יחסי הצנזורה הצבאית והעיתונות הישראלית |url=https://www.the7eye.org.il/419412 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=העין השביעית |language=he-IL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dole ne a gabatar da labarai game da batutuwan da za su iya kawo rigima ga Mai binciken Sojojin Isra'ila a gaba; rashin yin hakan na iya sa mai ba da rahoto ya rasa damarsa na aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Isra'ila  kuma, game da manema labarai na ƙasashen waje, a hana shi daga ƙasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;BBCsorry&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2005 |title=BBC says sorry to Israel |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/mar/12/israel.broadcasting |website=the Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Matar |first=Haggai |date=2020-03-09 |title=IDF censor redacted two thousand news items in 2019 |url=https://www.972mag.com/idf-censor-israeli-media-2019/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=+972 Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=IDF Military Censor banned nearly 300 articles last year |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/idf-military-censor-banned-nearly-300-articles-last-year-562318 |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila, &quot;doka ta tanadi 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da 'yan jarida, kuma gaba daya gwamnati na mutunta wadannan hakkoki a aikace idan aka yi la'akari da takunkumin da ya shafi tsaro.&quot; Dokar ta tanadi 'yancin yin taro da ƙungiyoyi, kuma gabaɗaya gwamnati na mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a aikace.

Wasu jami'an gwamnati da wasu na sukar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da Isra'ila ke da shi a lokacin da suke gudun hijira daga [[zirin Gaza]] da yammacin kogin Jordan. Wannan ya haifar da sukar da ake cewa &quot;Hukumomi sun dauki matakan da ba su dace ba, tare da cin zarafin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da zanga-zangar siyasa ba tare da wani dalili ba.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;acri&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=ACRI Report Slashes Civil Rights Abuses and Privatization |url=http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060622145646/http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-date=22 June 2006 |access-date=28 July 2006 |website=Annual Report on Israel |publisher=The Association for Civil Rights in Israel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Isra'ila, manufofin gwamnatinta suna fuskantar zargi daga manema labarai da kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban na siyasa, haƙƙin ɗan adam da masu sa ido,   wadanda suka hada da Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI), B'Tselem, Machsom Watch, Mata a cikin Baƙar fata da Mata don Isra'ila Gobe. A cewar kungiyar 'yancin' yan jarida Reporters Without Borders, &quot;Kafofin yada labarai na Isra'ila sun sake kasancewa a cikin shekarar 2005 wadanda kawai ke da' yancin gaske don yin magana. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Israel – Annual report 2006 |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181318/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=12 August 2006 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, a cikin 2010, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da ke aiki a Isra'ila suka koka game da mummunan yanayi a kasar, kuma sun ce suna fuskantar hari saboda sukar manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyoyin sun ce wasu shugabannin Isra'ila suna ganin zargi da kare hakkin dan adam a matsayin barazana ga halattacciyar Isra'ila, musamman bayan Zargin laifukan yaki da sojojin Isra'ila game da Yakin Gaza (2008-09). 

A shekara ta 2009, Isra'ila ta kasance ta 93 a cikin Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index, daga shekarar da ta gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Reporters Without Borders – Press Freedom Index 2009 |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2013, Isra'ila ta sauka zuwa 112 daga cikin kasashe 179 a cikin Freedom Index na jarida. 'Yan jarida ba tare da iyaka ba sun bayyana cewa canjin ya faru ne saboda ayyukan Isra'ila a cikin Operation Pillar of Defense lokacin da ta ce &quot;Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila da gangan sun kai hari kan' yan jarida da gine-gine inda kafofin watsa labarai da ke da alaƙa da Hamas ke da mahalli&quot;. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta soki kama 'yan jarida na Palasdinawa da kuma tantancewar soja. Freedom House ta sanya Isra'ila a matsayin mai yanayin kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Sashi na 'yanci&quot; a cikin shekara ta 2009. A baya, Isra'ila ita ce kadai kasar da ke cikin yankin da ke da kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Free&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Press Freedom Rankings by Region 2009 |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&amp;year=2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) A cikin shekarar 2023, Isra'ila da kanta, ba tare da haɗa Gaza Strip ko Gabashin Urushalima ba, an jera su a matsayin &quot;Free&quot;,  yayin da Gaza Strip da West Bank suka kasance &quot;Ba Free ba&quot;.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israel: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/israel/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gaza Strip: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/gaza-strip/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=West Bank: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/west-bank/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2003, hukumar fim din Isra'ila ta haramta nuna fim din kasuwanci game da [[Jenin]]_(2002)&quot; id=&quot;mwAxM&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Battle of Jenin (2002)&quot;&gt;Yaƙin Jenin na 2002.  Fim din, ''Jenin, Jenin'' ne, tarin ganawa ne da mazaunan sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Jenin da aka yi fim a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2002, mako guda bayan yakin. Mohammad Bakri, Larabawa na Isra'ila, ya jagoranci fim din. An dakatar da fim din ne saboda zargin da ake yi na [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]] da Sojojin Isra'ila suka aikata, wanda hukumar ta yi la'akari da karya da cutar da iyalan sojoji. Bayan shari'ar shari'a, an shigar da takarda a Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya soke shawarar hukumar, kuma ya ba da izinin nuna fim din a cikin fina-finai &quot;don jama'a su yanke shawara&quot;, yayin da yake lura cewa fim din &quot;cike da ƙarya&quot;, ba fim ba ne, kuma an yi shi &quot;ba tare da bangaskiya ba&quot;, ta hanyar ƙarya yana nuna sojojin Isra'ila a matsayin &quot;mafi munin masu aikata laifuka&quot;.

A watan Janairun 2011, majalisar dokokin Isra'ila ta amince da wani kuduri na hannun dama na binciken wasu sanannun kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na Isra'ila saboda &quot;lalata&quot; sojojinta. Binciken zai haifar da bincike kan tallafin kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da dama wadanda suka soki manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila ta bayyana matakin a matsayin &quot;mummunan rauni&quot; ga demokradiyyar Isra'ila, kuma masu sukar manufofin sun yi wa manufar &quot;McCarthyist&quot;.

A cikin shekara ta 2015, Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta amince da manyan tanadi na dokar da ke haifar da sakamako ga waɗanda ke kira ga kauracewa Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye. Hukuncin ya haifar da muhawara, tare da wasu nuna rashin amincewa da shi yana kawo karshen 'yancin magana yayin da wasu ke cewa yana tabbatar da matsayin Isra'ila kan &quot;tsarin lalacewar BDS&quot; (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement). Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila sun yi korafi game da dokar, suna mai cewa ta keta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Magoya bayan dokar sun ce ta haramta &quot; nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin ƙasa&quot;.  &quot;Don cire kiran kauracewa daga rukunin 'yancin magana ba daidai ba ne&quot;, in ji Rabbi David Rosenn, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na New Israel Fund (NIF). &quot;Babu wani bangare na daban don magana wanda ke siyasa. Magana mafi mahimmanci shine siyasa, kuma ya kamata mutane su sami damar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ba tare da tsoron takunkumin gwamnati ba. &quot;

Dokar ta ba 'yan sanda damar iyakance tunzura ga tashin hankali ko kalaman ƙiyayya kuma ta haramta kiran mutane &quot;Nazis&quot; ko &quot;fascists&quot;. Dokar Rigakafin Ta'addanci ta hana bayyana goyon bayan kungiyar da ake ganin ta sabawa doka ko ta'addanci.

On 24 November 2024, Israel's government ordered a boycott of the newspaper ''Haaretz'' by government officials and anyone working for a government-funded body, and banned government advertising with the newspaper. According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''Haaretz'' &quot;had published a series of investigations of wrongdoing or abuses by senior officials and the armed forces, and has long been in the crosshairs of the current government.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2023, wani rahoto daga Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya nuna cewa Isra'ila ta kasance ta shida mafi girma a duniya don kama' yan jarida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israeli arrests of Palestinian journalists soared in 2023: CPJ |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/18/israeli-arrests-of-palestinian-journalists-soared-in-2023-cpj |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin Yaƙin Gaza, Falasdinawa sun bayyana cin zarafin soja a kan sakonnin kafofin sada zumunta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Molana-Allen |first=Leila |title=Palestinians describe harassment from Israeli forces over social media posts during war |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/palestinians-describe-harassment-from-israeli-forces-over-social-media-posts-during-war |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2024, Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya sanya Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasa ta biyu mafi muni a duniya don ba da damar masu kisan 'yan jarida su tafi ba tare da hukunta su ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Liam |title=Haiti, Israel ranked worst for securing justice in journalist killings |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/haiti-israel-ranked-worst-for-securing-justice-in-journalist-killings/7845113.html |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Voice of America}}&lt;/ref&gt;

; 'Yan Jarida Ba tare da iyakoki ba

Kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta fitar da rahoto na shekara-shekara kan 'yancin 'yan jarida a duniya, mai suna Index na 'Yancin Jarida. An fara buga irin wannan na farko a shekara ta 2002. Sakamakon da Isra'ila da Hukumar Falasdinawa ta samu daga 2002 zuwa yau an nuna su a ƙasa, tare da ƙananan lambobi suna nuna kyakkyawar kulawa ga 'yan jarida:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:1em auto;&quot;
!Shekara
!Isra'ila (Yankin Isra'ila) 
!Isra'ila (na waje) 
!Hukumomin Palasdinawa
!Mafi munin Shekara
!Rahoton URL
|-
|2002
|92
|Ba a bayyana ba
|82
|139
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213848/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|44
|146
|130
|166
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213853/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
|36
|115
|127
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220042227/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |archive-date=20 December 2008 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|47
|Ba a bayyana ba
|132
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429110315/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |archive-date=29 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|50
|135
|134
|168
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604161952/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |archive-date=4 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|44
|103
|158
|169
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421060910/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |archive-date=21 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|46
|149
|163
|173
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607100340/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |archive-date=7 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|93
|150
|161
|175
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Hakkin sirri ==
A cewar wani rahoto na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra'ila, &quot;[l] aws da ka'idoji sun tanadi kariya ga sirrin mutum da na gida. A cikin shari'o'in laifuka doka ta ba da izinin sauraron waya a karkashin umarnin kotu; a lokuta na tsaro dole ne ma'aikatar tsaro ta ba da oda.&quot;

== 'Yancin mata ==
Aure da saki suna karkashin ikon kotuna na addini ne, wanda a aikace yake haifar da tsangwama ga mata a cikin wadannan bangarori na shari'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta zartar da dokar da ta ba da kariya ga mata daga tashin hankalin gida. A shekarar 2022, mata 24 abokan aikinsu ko wasu ‘yan uwansu ne a cewar ‘yan sandan Isra’ila, inda aka ce an kashe mata 69 a Isra’ila a tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa watan Agusta shekarar 2022. 40 daga cikin wadannan matan Palasdinawa ne, fiye da rabin wadannan shari’o’in ‘yan sanda ba su warware ba. Akasin haka, an warware shari’ar kowacce daga cikin kisan gilla 29 na matan Yahudawa da Isra’ilawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci ga mata.

Mata a Isra'ila ba koyaushe aka tabbatar da daidaiton jinsi a bayyane ba. Kodayake sanarwar 'yancin kai ta Isra'ila ta bayyana cewa &quot;Jam'iyyar Isra'ila [...] za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na' yancin zamantakewa da siyasa ga dukkan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini ba, launin fata ko jima'i,&quot; wannan ji ba a ba da ikon tsarin mulki ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1948 |title=The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel |url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/general/declaration-of-establishment-state-of-israel |access-date=January 29, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, kotunan Isra'ila, a tsawon lokaci, sun bayyana cewa daidaito tsakanin jinsi shine &quot;ka'idar tsarin shari'a&quot; a Isra'ila، kuma mata sun ga mafi yawan shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a ta Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2021 |title=Equality, Religion and Gender in Israel |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/equality-religion-and-gender-in-israel |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 July 2021 |title=Israel Women's Network |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/israel-womens-network |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1969, Isra'ila ta zabi Golda Meir a matsayin firaminista kuma ta zama kasa ta hudu da mace ke rike da irin wannan mukami. A shekara ta 2010, wakilan majalisar mata a Isra'ila ya kai kashi 18 cikin 100, wanda ya zarce na kasashen Larabawa da kashi 6 cikin 100, daidai da na majalisar dokokin Amurka, kuma ya yi kasa da matsakaicin kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasashen Scandinavia.

Majalisar dokokin Isra'ila, The Knesset, ta kafa kwamitin kula da matsayin mata don magance 'yancin mata. Makasudin da aka bayyana na wannan kwamiti shine hana wariya, yaki da cin zarafin mata, da inganta daidaito a harkokin siyasa, abubuwan rayuwa da ilimi. A cikin 1998, Knesset ta zartar da wata doka don &quot;Rigaka da Cin Duri da Jima'i&quot;.

Wani rahoto na shekarar 2009 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ya ambaci matsalolin auren jama'a, agunot ('mata masu sarka) ba za su iya saki ba tare da izinin miji ba), da kuma hidimar addu'o'in jinsin jinsi a bangon Yamma.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Ana haɓaka haƙƙoƙin mata ta hanyar &quot;Kawo Mata A Gaba: Haɗin Kan Mata&quot;, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar Asusun Haɗin gwiwar Mata na Yahudawa. Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda bakwai a Isra'ila sune Cibiyar Adva, Ruhun Mata, Itach-Maaki: Lauyoyin Mata don Adalci na zamantakewa, Cibiyar Mahut, Cibiyar Mata ta Isra'ila (IWN), Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki ga Mata (EEW) da Achoti ('yar'uwa) ga Mata a Isra'ila.

=== Mata Larabawa a Isra'ila ===
Matan Larabawa-Isra'ila suna shiga cikin harkokin gwamnati da na jama'a. Hussniya Jabara ita ce mace Balarabiya ta farko da ta fara aiki a majalisar Knesset. Dangane da sashe na 15 na Ma'aikatar Jama'a [waɗanda] mata da Larabawa-Isra'ilawa suna da haƙƙin tabbatar da aiki a aikin ma'aikacin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=העדפה מתקנת בעבודה ובשירות הציבורי |url=http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201010211/http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |archive-date=1 February 2013 |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Moital.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ayyuka masu kyau ===
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan mata na Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Hakkin LGBT ==
Hakkin 'Yan tsiraru na jima'i a Isra'ila ana ɗaukar su mafi haƙuri a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=LGBT+ rights and issues in the Middle East |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9457/CBP-9457.pdf |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=Commons Library Research Briefing, 9 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake Isra'ila ba ta halatta auren jinsi ɗaya ba, auren jinsi ɗaya da ke aiki a ƙasashen waje an amince da shi bisa doka a Isra'ila. Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin 'yancin jama'a ga yawan masu luwadi, gami da' yancin tallafi da amfanin abokin tarayya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Walzer |first=Lee |date=21 February 2002 |title=Queer in the Land of Sodom |url=http://www.thegully.com/essays/gaymundo/020220_gay_israel_history.html |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=The Gully}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isra'ila kuma ta ba da matsayin aure na doka ga ma'aurata na cikin gida na jinsi ɗaya. Dokar sodomy da aka gada daga Mandate na Burtaniya na Falasdinu an soke ta a shekarar 1988, kodayake akwai umarni mai bayyanawa da Babban Lauyan Isra'ila ya bayar a shekarar 1953 wanda ya umarci 'yan sanda da su guji aiwatar da wannan dokar, muddin babu wasu laifuka da suka shafi. Dokar kare hakkin ɗan luwaɗi ta ƙasa ta haramta wasu nuna bambanci ga 'yan luwadi, gami da aiki; ana yin wasu keɓancewa ga ƙungiyoyin addini. A baya, aikin soja na masu luwadi yana ƙarƙashin wasu ƙuntatawa. An ɗaga waɗannan ƙuntatawa a cikin 1993, suna ba da damar masu luwadi su yi aiki a bayyane a duk sassan sojoji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Homosexual rights around the world |url=http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210062004/http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |archive-date=10 December 2005 |access-date=20 November 2011 |website=Gay Rights Info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Maris 2014, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da umarni da ke nuna cewa an haɗa aikin tiyatar jima'i a cikin tallafin kiwon lafiya da aka ba wa 'yan ƙasa. Duk da haka, a cikin watan Mayu Haaretz ya ruwaito cewa wata kungiyar kula da lafiya ta ki biyan kudin tiyatar canjin jima'i guda biyu, wanda ya haifar da kashe kudade masu yawa daga marasa lafiya. Wata rundunar LGBTI ta kasa ta gano cewa kashi 80 cikin 100 na masu canza jinsi, kashi 50 na 'yan madigo da kashi 20 cikin 100 na mazan luwadi ana nuna musu wariya yayin neman aikin yi.

== Hakkin ƙasa ==
Asusun yahudawa (JNF) yana iko da kashi 13% na ƙasar Isra'ila; wannan ƙasa an keɓe ta ne don amfanin Yahudawan Isra'ila keɓanta. Kasa da kashi 4% na ƙasar Isra'ila mallakar ƴan ƙasar Larabawa ne, duk da Larabawa da ke da kashi 20% na al'ummar ƙasar. An ɗauka gabaɗaya, kashi 93% na ƙasar a Isra'ila ana iko da ko dai ƙasar Isra'ila ko JNF; Ana kiran waɗannan ƙasashe a hukumance da &quot;ƙasashen Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Canje-canjen kwanan nan (wanda aka yi a cikin 2010) zuwa Dokar Kasa (Samun don Manufofin Jama'a) (1943), yana nufin tabbatar da ikon mallakar ƙasa na ƙasar da aka kwace daga Falasɗinawa (daga 1948 zuwa gaba) ta hanyar toshe iƙirarin Falasɗinawa na mallakar ƙasar da aka kwace a ƙarƙashin wannan doka, ko da a wuraren da ba a taɓa amfani da ita don dalilai na jama'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Cibiyar shari'ar Isra'ila Adalah ta bayar da rahoton cewa, &quot;A zahiri, an toshe Falasdinawa 'yan Isra'ila daga siye ko ba da hayar filaye a kusan kashi 80% na ƙasar Isra'ila bisa tushen ƙasarsu.&quot; Sakamakon, a cewarsu, shine &quot;mafi yawancin filayen gwamnati sun ƙunshi keɓaɓɓu, yankunan Yahudawa kaɗai.&quot; Adalah ya bayyana manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da ake aiwatar da keɓancewa daga mallakar filaye da amfani da su; ta hanyar abin da ake kira &quot;kwamitocin shiga&quot; da kuma ta hanyar abin da Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin manufofin nuna wariya na hukumomin jihohi da JNF.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Waɗannan kwamitocin shigar sun duba masu neman rukunin gidaje a garuruwan noma da al'umma a Isra'ila kuma sun haɗa da wani babban jami'i daga Ƙungiyar Sahayoniya ta Duniya ko Hukumar Yahudawa. Kusan garuruwa 700 a cikin Isra'ila (wanda ke lissafin kusan kashi 70% na duk garuruwan Isra'ila) suna da alaƙa da kwamitocin shiga. Sharuɗɗan da waɗannan kwamitocin suka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da ka'idojin dacewa, wanda Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin sabani da rashin gaskiya. Adalah ta ruwaito cewa ana tace Larabawa da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Isra'ila ta hanyar amfani da wannan ka'idojin dacewa. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Yahudawan Mizrahi da ƴan luwaɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, garuruwa da yawa a Isra'ila sun amince da dokoki da ke jaddada halayensu na Yahudawa, suna ƙayyade shigarwa cikin al'umma akan &quot;aminci ga hangen nesa na Zionist&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Nuna wariya ƙasar manufofin ne zuwa babban har kore da manufofin na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar ƙasar Isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin 1949 da 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF wakilan (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan ƙasar Isra'ila da ake kira manufofin ƙasa a cikin jihar 3. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan manufofin ya hana JNF ƙasar da za a ba wa waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

== Ƙananan kabilanci, dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci da shige da fice ==
Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu da Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan bambancin launin fata.

Nuna wariya ronu ne zuwa babban kore da tsofo na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da shekarar 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF rufi (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan Isra'ila a cikin iska daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin Isra'ila. hana JNF hadarin da za a ba wa koyarwa ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2009 |title=Gender and employment [Areas of work&amp;#93; |url=http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427190455/http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |archive-date=27 April 2009 |access-date=2010-07-22 |publisher=Ilo.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba ma'aikatan Larabawa a Ma'aikatu daban-daban &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Ma'aikatar
!% Ma'aikatan Larabawa 
|-
|Lafiya
|7.2
|-
|Ilimi
|6.2
|-
|Adalci
|3.9
|-
|Masana'antu, Ciniki da Aiki
|3.4
|-
|Sufuri
|2.3
|-
|Gidaje
|1.3
|-
|Kudi
|1.2
|}
Duk da Dokar Aiki (1998), kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah ta ba da rahoton cewa 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila suna fuskantar nuna bambanci a cikin damar aiki, albashi da yanayi. Adalah ta kuma ba da rahoton cewa jihar Isra'ila kanta (mafi girman ma'aikaci a Isra'ila) ba ta aiwatar da wannan dokar ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Misali, 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila da ke aiki a matsayin masu kwangila a cikin gyare-gyare a cibiyoyin ilimi na Isra'ilawa suna ƙarƙashin iyakancewa wanda Yahudawa Isra'ilawa ba sa ƙarƙashin su. Wannan ya haɗa da buƙatar dan kwangila ya hayar mai tsaro mai dauke da makami a wurin aiki a kan kuɗin kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khromchenko |first=Yulie |date=Mar 28, 2005 |title=Adalah Accuses Education Min. of Employment Discrimination |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240112202842/https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |access-date=12 Jan 2024 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila waɗanda mata ne, nakasassu, ko asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka suna da damar yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan Isra'ila na asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka, ko kuma masu nakasa, suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau game da shigar jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Council for Higher Education |url=http://che.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A1-1-%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%93.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=Che.org.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ייצוג הולם בשירות המדינה |url=http://www.csc.gov.il/DataBases/NewsLetters/NL19/Pages/AdequateRepresentation.aspx |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haramcin Wariya a Samfura, Sabis da Shiga Wuraren Nishaɗi da Wuraren Jama'a Dokar ta hana waɗanda ke gudanar da wuraren jama'a, ko ba da sabis ko samfura, don nuna bambanci saboda launin fata, addini, ƙasa, da ƙasar asali, da sauran dalilai. Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2010 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama ga Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye, dokokin Isra'ila sun hana nuna bambanci a kan launin fata, kuma gwamnati ta aiwatar da wadannan haramcin yadda ya kamata.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2010 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413173255/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |archive-date=13 April 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015 |publisher=US Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba Ayyuka ta Sashen da Kabilanci (2008) &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Aiki
!Ma'aikatan Larabawa (%) 
!Ma'aikatan Yahudawa (%) 
|-
|Gine-gine (maza) 
|28.4
|5.4
|-
|Ma'aikata marasa ƙwarewa
|14.6
|6.4
|-
|Ayyukan kasuwanci
|5.6
|14.3
|-
|Matsayi na gudanarwa
|2.3
|7.3
|-
|Bankin, inshora, da kudi
|0.8
|4.3
|}

=== 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila ===
Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta B'Tselem ta yi iƙirarin cewa an hana Larabawa a Urushalima haƙƙin zama, wanda ya haifar da karancin gidaje a yankunan Larabawa na Urushalima.

Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ta tuhumi cewa rage tallafin tsofaffi da kuma alawus-alawus na yara bisa aikin soji na iyaye na nuna wariya ga yaran Larabawa: &quot;Raguwar za ta kuma shafi 'ya'yan iyayen Yahudawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wadanda ba sa aikin soja, amma sun cancanci karin tallafin, gami da karin ilimi, wanda ba a samu ga yaran Larabawa na Falasdinu ba.&quot;

A cewar rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam ga Isra'ila da Yankunan da aka mamaye, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta yi &quot;ƙananan don rage nuna bambanci na hukuma, shari'a, da al'umma ga' yan ƙasar Larabawa&quot;.  Rahotanni na shekaru masu zuwa sun kuma gano nuna bambanci ga' yan asalin Larabawa a matsayin matsala ga Isra'ilawa, amma ba ta sake maimaita da'ila ta ba don rage nuna rashin nuna bambanci ba. 

Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam  ya lura cewa:

* Asusun Ƙasar Yahudawa (JNF) yana sarrafa kashi 12.5 cikin 100 na ƙasar jama'a amma dokokinta sun hana siyarwa ko hayar ƙasa ga waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba. A watan Oktoba, kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama sun shigar da kara ga Babban Kotun Shari'a suna da'awar cewa sanarwar da Gwamnatin Ƙasar Isra'ila (ILA) ta yi game da ƙasar JNF ta nuna bambanci saboda ta haramta Larabawa daga yin tayin. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2005, babban lauya ya yanke hukuncin cewa &quot;gwamnati ba za ta iya nuna bambanci ga Larabawa na Isra'ila a cikin tallace-tallace da rarraba ƙasashen da take sarrafawa ba, gami da na JNF.
* Kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na Isra'ila da Larabawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnati ta fi ƙuntatawa wajen bayar da izinin gini ga al'ummomin Larabawa da ƙalubalanci manufofin rushe gine-gine ba bisa ka'ida ba a bangaren Larabawa, yana iyakance ci gaban al'umma.
* &quot;A watan Yuni, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukuncin cewa barin garuruwan Larabawa daga wasu tsare-tsare na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na gwamnati na nuna wariya.
* An ƙalubalanci Tsarin Jagora na 1996 na Arewacin Isra'ila a matsayin wariya. Abubuwan da suka fi ba da fifiko sun haɗa da &quot;ƙara yawan Yahudawa na Galili da kuma toshe yanki na garuruwan Larabawa.&quot;
* Keɓe daga aikin soja na wajibi, yawancin Larabawa Isra'ila don haka ba su da damar samun dama fiye da sauran 'yan ƙasa zuwa fa'idodin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin wanda aikin soja ya zama buƙatu ko fa'ida, kamar gidaje, tallafin sabbin gidaje, da aikin yi, musamman aikin masana'antu na gwamnati ko na tsaro. Kwamitin Ivri kan yi wa kasa hidima ya ba da shawarwari a hukumance ga gwamnati cewa a ba wa Larabawa Isra'ila damar yin hidimar kasa.
* &quot;A bisa wani bincike da jami'ar Haifa ta gudanar a shekara ta 2003, akwai wani hali na sanya wa 'yan kasar Larabawa hukuncin dauri fiye da na Yahudawa. Masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama sun yi ikirarin cewa 'yan kasashen Larabawa sun fi fuskantar hukuncin kisa da kuma hana a bayar da belinsu.&quot;
* Rahoton hukumar Or Commission kan kisan ‘yan sanda na masu zanga-zangar Isra’ila da Larabawa ya gano cewa “sakamakon sakaci da wariya” gwamnati na tafiyar da bangaren Larabawa, tare da rabo ko albarkatun da bai dace ba wanda ke haifar da “mummunan wahala” daga al’umma. Abubuwan da ke nuna damuwa sun haɗa da talauci, rashin aikin yi, ƙarancin ƙasa, matsalolin ilimi, da nakasa abubuwan more rayuwa.

Rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila ya rubuta cewa: &quot;Gwamnati gaba daya tana mutunta hakkin 'yan kasarta; duk da haka, an sami matsaloli a wasu bangarori, ciki har da ... nuna wariya na hukumomi, shari'a, da kuma al'umma ga al'ummar Larabawa na kasar.&quot;

A cikin wani rahoto da ya mika wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bedouin ya yi ikirarin cewa suna fuskantar wariya kuma ba a daukarsu a matsayin 'yan kasa daidai a Isra'ila kuma ba a ba wa garuruwan Badouin hidima iri daya ba ko kuma filayen garuruwan Yahudawa masu girman gaske, kuma ba a ba su damar samun ruwa mai kyau. Birnin Be'er Sheva ya ki amincewa da wani wuri mai tsarki na Bedouin, duk da shawarar da Babbar Kotun ta bayar.

''Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2007 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam''  ya lura cewa:

* &quot;A cewar wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005 a Jami'ar Ibraniyawa, an kashe kuɗi sau uku a cikin ilimin yara Yahudawa kamar yadda yara Larabawa.&quot;

A watan Satumbar shekarar 2010, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta amince da gyare-gyare ga dokokin zama ɗan ƙasa na ƙasar. Shirin dokar ya tilasta wa duk wanda ke neman zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ya yi rantsuwa da &quot;Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasar Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot;. Larabawa na Isra'ila da kuma ƙungiyoyin hagu na Isra'ilawa ciki har da shugaban jam'iyyar adawa ta Kadima Tzipi Livni sun soki gyaran sosai. Masanin ilimin halayyar ilimi na Isra'ila Farfesa Gavriel Solomon ya ce rantsuwar aminci ta yi kama da Dokokin Nuremberg . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 October 2010 |title=Israeli academic: Loyalty oath resembles racist laws of 1935 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/israeli-academic-loyalty-oath-resembles-racist-laws-of-1935-1.318275 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magoya bayan gyaran sun bayyana cewa wadanda ba Yahudawa ba ne wadanda suka zama 'yan ƙasa suna buƙatar fahimtar cewa &quot;Jihar Isra'ila ita ce furcin kasa na ƙaddamar da kai na mutanen Yahudawa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2012 |title=Identifying with Israel's national character |url=http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-EdContributors/Article.aspx?id=190897 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isra'ila ta haramta 'yan ƙasa daga ziyartar ƙasashen abokan gaba ba tare da izini ba, ƙuntataccen tafiye-tafiye wanda, a cikin shekarar 2015, ya haɗa da Siriya, Iraki, Iran, Lebanon, Yemen, da Saudi Arabia. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah ta yi iƙirarin cewa wannan yana nuna bambanci ga 'yan asalin Larabawa da Isra'ila, kuma hukumomi ba su tsare Yahudawa ba bayan dawowa daga tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashe marasa izini kamar yadda suka yi da Larabawa Isra'ilawa. Har ila yau, an soki Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Isra'ila saboda nuna bambancin launin fata na 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah tana riƙe da jerin dokoki sama da 50 da take da'awar nuna bambanci ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. A cikin shekara ta 2015, an yi la'akari da launin fata na 'yan asalin Larabawa ta hanyar jami'an tsaro da sauran' yan ƙasa, da kuma hare-haren fansa a kan Larabawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2016&quot; /&gt;

Since the outbreak of the Gaza war, Israel has carried out mass arrests and detentions of Palestinians and Arab Israelis, with thousands arrested or detained in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories. On 5 November 2023, [[CNN]] reported that &quot;dozens&quot; of Palestinian residents and Arab citizens of Israel were arrested in Israel for expressions of solidarity with the civilian population of Gaza, sharing [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Quran]] verses, or expressing &quot;any support for the Palestinian people&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kottasová |first=Ivana |last2=Saifi |first2=Zeena |date=2023-11-05 |title='The reaction is extreme': Palestinians fear arrest if they voice sympathy for Gaza civilians |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/05/middleeast/palestinians-israel-fear-arrest-gaza-intl-cmd/index.html |website=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Haaretz'' described the widespread targeting of Arab Israelis by Israeli security forces. Referring to &quot;hundreds&quot; of interrogations, ''El País'' reported on 11 November that Israel increasingly treats its Arab minority as a &quot;potential fifth column&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pita |first=Antonio |date=2023-11-11 |title=Israel aumenta el cerco a su minoría árabe |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2023-11-11/israel-aumenta-el-cerco-a-su-minoria-arabe.html |website=El País |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ayyuka masu kyau ====
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau a cikin buƙatun shiga jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;/&gt;

=== Baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba da masu neman mafaka ===
Isra'ila jam'iyya ce ta jihar da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin [[Sudan]]_refugees_in_Israel&quot; id=&quot;mwBWo&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Sudanese refugees in Israel&quot;&gt;'yan gudun hijira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 April 2011 |title=Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b73b0d63.pdf |access-date=5 December 2012 |publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila suna la'akari da tsarin mafaka na Isra'ilawa da rashin adalci, kuma yawan amincewa da 'yan gudun hijira ya fi ƙasa da kashi 1%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Until our hearts are completely hardened, Report on asylum procedures in Israel, Hotline for Migrant Workers, April 2012 |url=http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018173547/http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga shekara ta 2003, kimanin baƙi 70,000 ba bisa ka'ida ba daga kasashe daban-daban na Afirka sun haye zuwa Isra'ila. Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 600 daga yankin Darfur na Sudan an ba su matsayin mazauna wucin gadi don sabuntawa kowace shekara, kodayake ba matsayin' yan gudun hijira na hukuma ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ACRI.org.il |url=http://www.acri.org.il/pdf/refugees0209en.pdf |access-date=25 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba da wasu 'yan gudun hijira 2,000 daga rikici tsakanin [[Eritrea]] da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] matsayin mazaunin wucin gadi a kan dalilai na jin kai, kodayake Isra'ila ta fi son kada ta gane su a matsayin' yan gudun hijira.

A cikin wani labari na shekarar 2012, ''Reuters'' ta ruwaito, &quot;Isra'ila na iya ɗaure baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba har zuwa shekaru uku a ƙarƙashin dokar da aka fara aiki a ranar Lahadi, wani jami'in Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ce, wani mataki da aka yi niyyar hana kwararar 'yan Afirka da ke shiga Isra'ila a kan iyakar hamada da Masar.  Ministan cikin gida Eli Yishai ya ce, &quot;Me ya sa muka yi rashin lafiya da zukata masu zubar da jini, gami da 'yan siyasa. Ayyuka za su zama mafi yawa a nan za su sa su zama jarirai, kuma wannan tayin ya sa Sudan ya fice su gudu zuwa duniya, kuma ya sa su zama mafi yawanci, kuma ya zama' yan gudun hijira za su gudu, kuma ya haifar da yawa, kuma ya fice ga Yesu Yesu ya sa suka fice, kuma ya fito da yawa, za su zama' yan kasa, kuma ya sami mafaka za su zama 'yan gudun hijira' yan gudunya suka ficececece' yan gudun

A karkashin Dokar Rigakafin Kutse ta 2014, duk masu ketare kan iyaka da ba bisa ka'ida ba an ayyana su a matsayin &quot;masu kutse&quot; kuma ana iya tsare su a gidan yarin Saharonim na tsawon watanni uku &quot;domin tantancewa&quot; sannan kuma watanni 12 a wurin Holhot mai nisa. Kamfanin dillancin labaran iqna ya habarta cewa, ya nakalto daga shafin sadarwa na yanar gizo na Hotline na ‘yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure cewa hukumomi sun mayar da fiye da rabin mutanen da ake tsare da su na Holot zuwa Saharonim har na tsawon watanni da dama saboda wasu laifukan da suka saba wa doka. A wasu jerin hukunce-hukuncen da kotun kolin ta yanke, ta yi watsi da cewa za a iya tsare bakin haure har abada, ta kuma ba da umarnin sakin bakin haure 1,178 'yan kasashen Eritrea da Sudan da ake tsare da su sama da shekara guda ba tare da tuhume su ba. Gwamnati ta hana wadannan masu neman mafaka daga Tel Aviv ko Eilat, inda za su kasance suna da al'ummomin tallafi da kuma samun damar yin ayyukan jin kai.

Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, tun daga shekarar 2011 yanayin 'yan gudun hijira a Isra'ila ya tabarbare &quot;saboda amincewa da manufofi da dokoki da nufin dakile masu neman mafaka a nan gaba ta hanyar yin wahala ga wadanda ke cikin kasar. Wadannan ayyuka sun kara tauye 'yancin jama'a da kuma karfafa barin kasar.&quot; Gwamnati za ta yi wahala a nemi izinin zama ɗan gudun hijira yayin da ake tsare da ita na tsawon shekara guda, kuma da zarar an sake shi za ta buƙaci masu neman su ba da hujjar rashin neman izini tun da farko. Ana kiran masu neman mafaka &quot;masu kutse&quot; ta gwamnati da kafafen yada labarai, wadanda ke danganta su da karuwar laifuka, cututtuka, da zaman banza.

=== 'Yan Afirka na Isra'ila ===
A cewar BBC, Yahudawa na Habasha da ke zaune a Isra'ila sun daɗe suna gunaguni game da nuna bambanci. Sun gudanar da tarurruka bayan yarjejeniyar da masu mallakar gidaje a kudancin Isra'ila suka yi don kada su hayar ko sayar da dukiyarsu ga Yahudawa na asalin Habasha. Al'ummar Yahudawa na Habasha sun shiga cikin zanga-zangar bayan bidiyon da ya fito wanda ya nuna 'yan sanda biyu suna doke soja na Habasha da Isra'ila, Demas Fekadeh . &lt;ref name=&quot;clash&quot; /&gt; Duk da yake zanga-zangar da dubban masu zanga-zambe suka yi da farko ba ta da tashin hankali, rikice-rikice da 'yan sanda sun ci gaba. ACRI ta yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan sanda sun kasa gargadi masu zanga-zangar kafin yin amfani da matakan watsa jama'a, kuma amfani da su bai karu a hankali ba. Gwamnati ta sauke tuhumar da aka yi wa Fekadeh, ta kammala cewa bai fara rikici da ya haifar da duka ba.

== Ilimi ==
[[Fayil:GalilSchoolSign.jpg|thumb|Alama a gaban Makarantar Galil, makarantar firamare ta [[Larabawa]] da Yahudawa a Isra'ila.]]
Dokar Ƴancin Dalibai ta [[Isra'ila]] ta shekarar 2000 ta haramta nuna bambanci ga ɗalibai saboda dalilai na ɗarika a shigarwa ko fitarwa daga cibiyar [[ilimi]], a cikin kafa tsarin karatun daban-daban ko gudanar da azuzuwan daban-daban a cikin wannan cibiyar [[ilimi]] guda, da kuma haƙƙoƙi da wajibai na ɗalibai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=חוק זכויות התלמיד באנגלית – Pupils' Rights Law |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/Zchuyot/ChukimVeamanot/Chukim/PupilsRightsLaw |access-date=16 May 2010 |publisher=Cms.education.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Kotun Koli]] ta Isra'ila ta aiwatar da wannan dokar, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar daga iyalan Orthodox waɗanda suka ki tura yaransu zuwa makarantu masu haɗin kai.
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

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An bayyana Isra'ila a cikin Sanarwar cewa 'yancin kai a matsayin &quot;jaha ta Yahudawa&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Avalon Project : Declaration of Israel's Independence 1948 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Avalon.law.yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; - an karɓi ma'anar doka &quot;Jiha ta Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot; a shekara ta 1985. Baya ga yawancin Yahudawa a yankin ban da [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Yankunan Palasdinawa]] da aka mamaye, Isra'ila gida ce ga 'yan tsiraru na addini da kabilanci, wasu daga cikinsu suna ba da rahoton nuna bambanci. A cikin yankunan Palasdinawa, Gwamnatocin Isra'ila da suka biyo baya sun fuskanci zargi na kasa da kasa daga wasu ƙasashe da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da na cikin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=Israel's apartheid against Palestinians |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Amnesty International]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shakir |first=Omar |date=2021-04-27 |title=A Threshold Crossed |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution |journal=[[Human Rights Watch]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Apartheid |url=https://www.btselem.org/topic/apartheid |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[B'Tselem]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ארכיון Settler Violence |url=https://www.yesh-din.org/en/category/settler-violence/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Yesh Din]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗaya daga cikin Dokokin Ƙananan na Isra'ila, wanda aka nufa don zama tushen kundin tsarin mulki na gaba,  Dokokin Ƙarshen: Darajar Dan Adam da 'Yanci, babban kayan aiki ne don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da' yancin jama'a a Jihar Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gavison |first=Ruth |year=1985 |title=The Controversy over Israel's Bill of Rights |journal=Israel Yearbook of Human Rights |volume=15 |pages=113–154}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah sun nuna cewa wannan dokar ba ta ƙunshi tanadi na gaba ɗaya don daidaito da rashin nuna bambanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inequality Report: The Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel - Adalah |url=https://www.adalah.org/en/content/view/7404 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.adalah.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, sun bayar da rahoton take hakkin bil'adama da kasar Isra'ila ke yi, musamman kan wasu tsiraru. Wadannan rahotanni sun hada da take hakkokin Falasdinawa, na ciki da wajen Isra'ila da kuma wasu kungiyoyi a Isra'ila.

Freedom House ya bayyana Isra'ila a matsayin 'yanci na siyasa da dimokuradiyya fiye da kasashe makwabta a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 January 2013 |title=US watchdog: Israel is Mideast's only 'free' state |url=https://www.jpost.com/National-News/US-watchdog-Israel-is-Mideasts-only-free-state |access-date=21 August 2018 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar na shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, Isra'ila na fuskantar manyan matsalolin kare hakkin bil'adama game da nuna wariya ga hukumomi a kan al'ummar Larabawa na Isra'ila (da yawa daga cikinsu suna bayyana kansu a matsayin Falasdinu), 'yan Isra'ila da mata na Habasha, da kuma kula da 'yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure. Sauran matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam sun haɗa da nuna wariyar hukuma ga Yahudawa waɗanda ba 'yan Orthodox ba da kuma iyalai masu aure, da cin zarafin ma'aikata a kan ma'aikatan kasashen waje.

== Tarihi ==
Majalisar Tarayyar Al'ummai ta amince da ƙuduri a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1931 game da yanayin da ake buƙata kafin a kawo ƙarshen mulkin. Sabuwar gwamnati ta samar da wata sanarwa ta baki ko rubuce-rubuce da ta amince da karɓar wajibin tabbatar da daidaito na kabilanci da addinai. Wannan ƙuduri ya biyo bayan tsohuwar doka ta duniya a lokuta inda manyan iko suka taimaka wajen maido da ikon mallakar yankin. Ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan &quot;Gwamnatin Falasdinu ta nan gaba&quot; ya ƙunshi duka shirin rabuwa da Shirin Kare Ƙananan .  Ya sanya 'yan tsiraru, mata, da' yancin addini a ƙarƙashin kariya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya. Shirin ya ba da takamaiman tabbacin haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali. Sabbin jihohin sun samar da sanarwa, wanda bisa ga abin da ya gabata ya yi daidai da yarjejeniya.&lt;ref&gt;See International Human Rights in Context, Henry J. Steiner, Philip Alston, Ryan Goodman, Oxford University Press US, 2008, {{ISBN|0-19-927942-X}}, page 100&lt;/ref&gt; Kudin ya bayyana cewa &quot;ka'idojin da ke cikin sanarwar an gane su a matsayin manyan dokoki na Jiha, kuma babu wata doka, ka'ida ko aikin hukuma da za su saba wa ko tsoma baki da waɗannan ka'idojin, kuma babu wani doka, ka-idaita ko aikin hukumi da zai mamaye su&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, November 29, 1947, C. Declarations |url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029150108/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |archive-date=29 October 2006 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanarwar kafa kasar Isra'ila ta yi shelar, a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1948, cewa &quot;haƙƙin Yahudawa na sake haifuwa na ƙasa a cikin ƙasarta&quot; an amince da shi a cikin sanarwar Balfour na 2 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1917, kuma an sake tabbatar da shi a cikin Umurnin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya wanda, musamman, ya ba da izini na kasa da kasa da Isra'ila ga Isra'ila da Isra'ila. hakkin Yahudawa na sake gina Gidansa na Ƙasa.&quot; Har ila yau, ta ayyana cewa kasar &quot;za ta kasance a bude don hijirar Yahudawa da kuma tattara 'yan gudun hijirar; za ta bunkasa ci gaban kasar don amfanin dukan mazaunanta; za ta kasance bisa 'yanci, adalci da zaman lafiya kamar yadda annabawan Isra'ila suka tsara; za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na zamantakewa da 'yancin siyasa ga dukan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini, addini ko jinsi ba; za ta ba da tabbaci ga harshe, yanci ko jinsi; kiyaye Wurare Mai Tsarki na dukan addinai; kuma zai kasance da aminci ga ƙa'idodin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.&quot;

Wasu malaman Burtaniya suna jayayya cewa Isra'ila ba ta cika wajibinta na kare haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru ba.&lt;ref&gt;Yvonne Schmidt, &quot;Foundations of Civil and Political Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories&quot;, GRIN Verlag, 2008, {{ISBN|3-638-94450-6}}, page 98&lt;/ref&gt;

Asalin Dokar Isra'ila: Mutuncin Dan Adam da 'Yanci, ya ce muhimman haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Isra'ila za a kiyaye su bisa ga ƙa'idodin da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar, amma ta keɓance musamman dokar da ta riga ta fara aiki. Masana harkokin shari'a na Isra'ila sun ce an yi amfani da kalmomin dokar ne don guje wa wahalar ba da fifiko ga daidaito, wanda ba a san shi ba. Sakamakon shi ne cewa za a iya jujjuya ƙa'idar daidaito ta hanyar doka ta yau da kullun, kuma ba za ta yi watsi da ka'idodin doka ko na alƙalai ba.

== Matsayi na 'yanci,' yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a a Isra'ila ==

=== 'Yancin zama ɗan ƙasa ===
Dokar kasa ta Isra'ila da Dokar Komawa, sun bambanta tsakanin Yahudawa Isra'ilawa da Falasdinawa Isra'ilawa ta hanyar sabunta ra'ayi na kasa yahudawa da ke bambanta da zama dan kasar Isra'ila. Duk da take, Dokar Ƙasa ba ta kafa ra'ayin ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ba, a maimakon haka tana danganta ɗan ƙasa da alaƙar addini.

Dokar Kasa ta ba da izinin Palasdinawa su zama 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila ne kawai idan sun kasance (ko kuma zuriyar waɗanda ke wurin) a Isra'ila tsakanin shekarar 1948 da shekarar 1952. Wadannan ƙuntatawa sun cire duk waɗanda aka kore su ko waɗanda suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 da zuriyarsu. Dokar Komawa ta tabbatar da haƙƙin kowane [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ya yi ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ta atomatik. Falasdinawa da zuriyarsu waɗanda aka kore su ko suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 an hana su wannan haƙƙin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Dokar zama dan kasa da shiga cikin Isra'ila (2003) ta hana Falasdinawa daga yankunan Falasdinawa da aka mamaye 'yancin samun matsayin zama na Isra'ila ko zama dan kasa, ko da a lokuta da suka yi aure da 'yan Isra'ila. Wannan haramcin ya ta'allaka ne kan dan kasa ba kan wani lamari na tsaro ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2008, Knesset ta amince da Dokar zama ɗan ƙasa (gyara Lamba 9) (Ikon soke zama ɗan ƙasa) (2008), wanda ke ba da damar soke zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila bisa ga &quot;cin amana&quot;. Musamman ma, keta amana na iya haɗawa da aikin zama a wasu ƙasashen Larabawa ko musulmi ko yankin Gaza. Wannan doka ta halatta soke zama ɗan ƙasa a kan haka ba tare da an yanke masa hukunci ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

=== Hakki da 'yanci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka yi ===
Binciken da Freedom House mai hedkwata a Amurka ya gudanar a shekara ta 2013, wanda ke kokarin auna irin dimokuradiyya da 'yancin siyasa a kowace kasa, ya sanya Isra'ila tare da Tunisiya a matsayin kasa daya tilo da ke da 'yanci a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;/&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''Rarrabawar Isra'ila, da yankunan da ta mamaye, ta Freedom House, The Economist Intelligence Unit da Transparency International'''
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
!Kasar / Ƙungiya - NGO
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Gidan 'Yanci
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sashin leken asiri na tattalin arziki
!Bayyanawa ta Duniya
|-
!Rahoton-Ranking
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'Yanci a Duniya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lissafin Dimokuradiyya
!Rashin fahimta na cin hanci da rashawa
|-
!
!Rarraba 'yanci, Wani bangare na 'yanci&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;'Yanci'&lt;/span&gt;, Wani ɓangare na' Yanci, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Ba 'Yanci ba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
![[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|'Yancin siyasa]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[Ƴancin Jama'a|'Yancin Jama'a]]&lt;br /&gt;
!Dimokuradiyya Rarraba Dimokuradiya Cikakken Dimokuradiyar, Dimokuradiyan da ba su da kyau, Tsarin Mulki&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Cikakken dimokuradiyya&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#cfc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Dimokuradiyya mara kyau&lt;/span&gt;, Tsarin Mulki na Hybrid, Tsarin Mulki&lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Tsarin mulki na mulkin mallaka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!Cikakken Sakamakon
!Ra'ayoyin cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Isra'ila
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |'Yanci'
|1
|2
| style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot; |Dimokuradiyya mara kyau
|7.79
|6.0
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |Ba 'Yanci ba
|6
|6
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|}

; Bayani
:

* Ta hanyar Freedom House 2009 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Map of Freedom in the World |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&amp;year=2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ga 'yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a, 1 yana wakiltar mafi kyawun kyauta kuma 7 mafi ƙarancin kyauta.
* Bisa ga The Economist Intelligence Unit 2010 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Democracy Index 2010 |url=http://graphics.eiu.com/PDF/Democracy_Index_2010_web.pdf |access-date=2 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cikakken dimokuradiyya suna da jimlar 10 zuwa 8, dimokuradiyar da ba ta dace ba tana da jimlar 7.9 zuwa 6, gwamnatocin haɗin gwiwa suna da jimillar 5.9 zuwa 4, kuma gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna da jimla daga 3.9 zuwa 1. Matsayin dimokuradiyya ya fi girma yayin da ci ya karu.
* Dangane da ƙididdigar cin hanci da rashawa ta duniya ta shekara-shekara,  ci ya kasance daga 10 (mai tsabta) zuwa 0 (mai cin hanci).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=2008 Corruption Perceptions Index |url=http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311002755/http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |archive-date=11 March 2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |website=Transparency International Annual Report |publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun soki gwamnatin Isra'ila saboda kai hari ga kungiyoyin farar hula da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila (ACRI), babbar kungiyar 'yancin jama'a ta Isra'ila, jerin kokarin gwamnatin Isra'ila a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun kai hari kan kungiyoyin fararen hula na Isra'ila da Kotun Koli na Isra'ila. Rahoton ACRI na Disamba 2017 ya gabatar da abin da yake kallo a matsayin misalan harin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ci gaba da kai wa dimokuradiyyar Isra'ila, 'yancin ɗan adam, 'yancin yin zanga-zanga, mutunta kimar daidaici, da 'yancin siyasa, zamantakewa da 'yan tsiraru. Wannan yanayin a Isra'ila an kira shi &quot;rashin bin tsarin mulki&quot; ta wasu masu sharhi na shari'a.

=== Zaben, jam'iyyun siyasa, da wakilci ===
A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan Isra'ila, &quot;Dokar ta bai wa 'yan kasar damar zabar gwamnatinsu a zabukan lokaci-lokaci na 'yanci da adalci bisa tsarin zabe na bai daya, kuma 'yan kasar sun yi amfani da wannan damar.&quot; Zaɓen da aka gudanar a watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2015 an yi la'akari da shi cikin 'yanci da adalci a wurin masu sa ido. An soki sauyin da aka yi a matakin zabe da cewa ya takaita wakilcin kananan jam’iyyu, musamman ma da ke shafar tsirarun Larabawa. Wannan ya sa jam'iyyu hudu masu rinjaye na Larabawa suka hade waje daya, wato Joint List, wanda ya samu kujeru 13, ya kuma zama bangare na uku mafi girma a majalisar Knesset. Galibin Falasdinawa a yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye na rayuwa ne a karkashin mamayar Isra'ila kuma ba 'yan kasar Isra'ila ba ne. Ba a yarda su kada kuri'a a Isra'ila ba.

Doka ta asali: Knesset (1958) da gyare-gyaren da suka biyo baya sun hana jerin jam'iyyun tsayawa takara a majalisar Knesset idan manufofinta ko ayyukanta sun hada da &quot;kyau da wanzuwar kasar Isra'ila a matsayin kasar Yahudawa&quot;. Cibiyar shari'a ta Isra'ila Adalah ta bayyana cewa &quot;wannan dokar ta hana yin amfani da 'yancin yin siyasa cikin 'yanci, ciki har da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da shiga siyasa. Ana amfani da ita sau da yawa don ƙoƙarin hana jam'iyyun siyasa na Larabawa da 'yan majalisar dokoki don neman canza yanayin kasa ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, alal misali, zuwa wata ƙasa da ta dogara da cikakken daidaito na farar hula da na kasa wanda ba ya ba da fifiko ga wata ƙungiya ta kasa fiye da ɗayan, har ma da toshe muhawara kan irin waɗannan shawarwari.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Mata sun fuskanci manyan matsalolin al'adu a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa masu wakiltar ƙungiyoyin addini masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma, a ƙaramin mataki, tsirarun Larabawa. A zaben 2015, Knesset mai mambobi 120 na da mambobi mata 29 da mambobi Larabawa 15. An nada mata uku a majalisar ministocin, kuma a karon farko, wata Balarabe Isra'ila ta jagoranci wani kwamiti na dindindin.

=== 'Yanci na addini ===
[[Fayil:Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg|left|thumb|Ganuwar Yamma, [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]]]]
Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2009 kan Isra'ila da yankunan da ta mamaye, &quot;Dokar Isra'ila ta Bada 'Yanci da Mutunci da 'Yanci ta tanadi 'yancin yin ibada kuma gabaɗaya Gwamnati na mutunta wannan hakki a aikace.&quot; Rahoton ya kara da cewa &quot;Manufar gwamnati ta ci gaba da goyon bayan gudanar da harkokin addini na 'yanci, duk da cewa ana ci gaba da nuna wariya na gwamnati da na shari'a ga wadanda ba Yahudawa ba da kuma na addinin Yahudanci ba&quot; kuma &quot;Yahudawa da yawa 'yan kasar sun ki amincewa da ikon Orthodox na keɓance kan muhimman al'amuran rayuwarsu.&quot; Rahoton ya bayyana cewa kimanin ‘yan kasar 310,000 da suka yi hijira zuwa Isra’ila a karkashin dokar komowa, ba mabiya addinin Orthodoks ke daukar Yahudawa ba, don haka ba za a iya aure ko a sake su ba, ko kuma a binne su a makabartun Yahudawan da ke cikin kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite report|last1=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan samun iko da Yammacin Kogin a shekarar 1967, Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin musulmi damar shiga masallatai, gami da [[Al-Aqsa]], da kuma damar Kirista zuwa majami'u. Isra'ila ta ba da kariya ga wuraren addini na addinan da ba na Yahudawa ba; mafi shahararren Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila (IDF) sun kama wani mutum wanda ya sanar da su shirinsa na kai hari Masallacin Al-Aqsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2006 |title=Police arrest J'lem rabbi who threatened to carry out terror attack on Temple Mount |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/770846.html |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu lokuta, bukukuwan kwanaki masu tsarki ta addinai daban-daban suna da damar haifar da rikici; don haka 'yan sanda na Isra'ila suna daukar matakai don kauce wa rikici tsakanin al'ummomi ta hanyar bayar da ƙuntatawa na wucin gadi kan motsi  da bautar da ake ji. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 September 2006 |title=Restrictions on Old City Jews During Ramadan – Inside Israel – Israel News |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=112595 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar wani rahoto na shekara ta 2009 daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Ofishin Demokraɗiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam, da Kwadago, Isra'ila ta gaza kasancewa al'umma mai juriya ko jam'i. A cewar rahoton, Isra'ila na nuna wariya ga Musulmai, Shaidun Jehobah, Yahudawa masu kawo sauyi, Kirista, mata da kuma Badawiyya. Dukkan wurare 137 masu tsarki da Isra'ila ta amince da su Yahudawa ne, suna yin watsi da kuma yin watsi da wuraren Kirista da na Musulmi, duk da Dokar Kare Wuraren Tsarkakewa ta 1967 da aka yi niyya don kare dukkan wurare masu tsarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 February 2009 |title=2008 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226174854/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |archive-date=26 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=[[US Department of State]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Baha'i|Bangaskiyar Bahá'í]] (a cikin 1960) tana kula da wurin zama na hukumomin su, Gidan Shari'a na Duniya, a Haifa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Baháʼí World Centre |url=http://www.bahai.org/dir/bwc |access-date=31 July 2006 |publisher=[[Baháʼí International Community]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] yana aiki a matsayin addini a Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Diamond Way Buddhism in Israel |url=http://www.buddhism.org.il/?newlang=english |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Diamond Way Buddhism}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Buddhanet's Middle East Buddhist Directory: Israel |url=http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm#israel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627120448/http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm |archive-date=27 June 2006 |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta wallafa nazarin tashin hankali na zamantakewa ta ƙasa. Cibiyar Hostilities Index (SHI) tana auna ayyukan ƙiyayya ta addini ta mutane, ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyin jama'a. &quot;Wannan ya haɗa da taron jama'a ko tashin hankali na ɗarika, cin zarafi kan tufafi saboda dalilai na addini, da sauran tsoratar da addini ko cin zarafi. &quot;  A cikin shekarar 2007, Isra'ila tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 10 da ke da maki sama da 7.1 a sikelin 10; a cikin 2010, Isra'ila da yankunan Palasdinawa sun kasance biyu daga cikin yankuna 15 da ke da mafi girman ƙimar SHI.&lt;ref name=&quot;pewforum.org&quot; /&gt;

=== Dokokin aure da saki ===
Ma'aurata da ke son yin aure na iya yin hakan ne kawai ta hanyar bikin addini, idan Yahudawa, [[Aure a Musulunci|Musulmi]], Kirista, ko wasu. Ma'aurata marasa addini, tun daga shekara ta 2014, na iya samun wani nau'in auren farar hula a Isra'ila, kuma su sami [[Relationships Card|Katin Dangantaka]] ta sabuwar kungiyar da ke canza matsayinsu ga ma'aurata, kuma suna ba su duk hakkokin da suka fito daga gare ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=רשומות הכנסת, קובץ התקנות, 7326, הודעת ברית הזוגיות לחסרי דת (אגרות), התשע&quot;ד-2014. עמוד 486. |url=http://www.justice.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/97DAEDE3-9271-40E7-ADF9-4C91058FAF75/42863/7326.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=משפחה חדשה |url=http://www.news1.co.il/uploadFiles/543728053569794.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=News1.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2014 |title=לראשונה: תעודת הזוגיות של &quot;משפחה חדשה&quot; הוכרה כנישואים |url=http://www.mako.co.il/pride-news/local/Article-bf5f377c4709a41006.htm |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Mako.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aure na doka na yau da kullun yana ba ma'aurata hakkoki iri ɗaya da ma'auratan ke morewa. 'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila na iya tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje don auren farar hula, wanda ke da alhakin a ƙarƙashin dokar Isra'ila.

A lokacin Al-Aqsa Intifada a shekara ta 2003, Knesset ta yi gyare-gyare na wucin gadi ga Dokar 'yan kasa da shiga cikin Dokar Isra'ila wanda ya hana Palasdinawa da suka yi aure ga Isra'ilawa samun'ila ko zama. Masu sukar suna jayayya cewa dokar wariyar launin fata ce saboda an yi niyya ne ga Larabawa na Isra'ila waɗanda ke da yiwuwar samun ma'aurata Palasdinawa fiye da sauran Isra'ilawa; masu kare sun ce dokar tana da niyyar hana hare-haren ta'addanci da kiyaye halin Yahudawa na Isra'ilawa. Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambanci tsakanin launin fata ya amince da ƙuduri cewa dokar Isra'ila ta keta yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya game da wariyar launin fata. Jakadan Isra'ila a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva, [[Yaakov Levy]], ya ce ƙudurin &quot;ya kasance mai zurfi na siyasa&quot;, yana mai nuna rashin nasarar kwamitin na ba da buƙatar Isra'ila don gabatar da shaidar &quot;biyan dokar da ke cikin dokar kasa da kasa da kuma aiki&quot;, misalai na &quot;batutuwa masu yawa [inda] ba da matsayin doka ga matan Palasdinawa na mazaunan Isra'ila  yi amfani da shi da mazaunan Palasdinawa don Ta'addanci na kashe kansa&quot;, da kuma watsi da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Turai batun ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Babban Kotun Isra'ila.[was]

Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI) ta shigar da takarda don a soke dokar  amma Kotun Koli ta amince da ita a shekara ta 2006.  A cikin tsara dokar, gwamnati ta ambaci, &quot;bayanan da jami'an tsaro suka gabatar, wanda ya ce kungiyoyin ta'addanci suna ƙoƙarin tattara Palasdinawa waɗanda suka riga sun karɓi ko za su karɓi takardun Isra'ila kuma cewa jami'an tsaron suna da wahalar rarrabe tsakanin Palasdinawa da za su iya taimaka wa 'yan ta'adda da waɗanda ba za su ba&quot;. A cikin hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila game da wannan al'amari, Mataimakin Babban Alkalin Shari'a Mishael Cheshin ya yi jayayya cewa, &quot;yan ƙasar Isra'ila  jin daɗin haƙƙin tsarin mulki don kawo ɗan ƙasar waje zuwa Isra'ila... kuma haƙƙin - ƙari, wajibi ne - na jihar, na kowace jiha, don kare mazaunanta daga waɗanda ke son cutar da su. &quot;

A shekara ta 2009, Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka na Dimokuradiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ayyuka sun soki rashin auren farar hula da saki a Isra'ila ga baƙi waɗanda ba a dauke su Yahudawa a ƙarƙashin dokar rabbi ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Human rights activists have criticised Israel's stay of exit order, saying it unfairly targets divorced men by preventing them from leaving the country indefinitely until they settle the full child support arrears of their children until age 18. While this could easily amount to obligations in the millions of US dollars, even a US$100 debt can trigger a stay of exit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CCF Israel Report of the Israeli Civil Society |url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=tbinternet.ohchr.org |publisher=ccfisrael.org |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106020129/https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The men are required to pay 100% or more of their income, and are jailed for 21 days each time they miss a monthly payment. In 2021, it was reported that an Australian man who was divorced from his Israeli wife was detained from leaving the country in 2013, with the stay of exit being in force until 31 December 9999, or until he paid $3 million in child support arrears. Marianne Azizi, British journalist and head of Coalition of the Children and Families in Israel (CCF), estimated that hundreds more Australians were trapped in the country as a result of the stay of exit. She had been informed by British Embassy officials in Tel Aviv that 100 British nationals per month had been reaching out to them for help in getting out of the country.&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian&quot; /&gt;

A watan Maris na 2019, Azizi ta ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu a Geneva game da take hakkin dan Adam da ta ci gaba da kasancewa sakamakon kai tsaye sakamakon ka'idojin tallafawa yara kanana a Isra'ila, tana mai cewa &quot;... Rayuwar ubanni sama da 2,000 a kashe kansu yana da tsada&quot;. Ta ce Isra'ilawa ba sa bayar da rahoton take hakin bil'adama saboda tsoron &quot;sakamako&quot;, kamar yadda wasu masu fafutuka suka kwace musu 'ya'yansu. Lauyan Mickey Givati, wanda ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya ya ba shi izinin taimakawa baki daga Isra'ila, ya shaida cewa an sanya na'urorin bin diddigin a cikin motarsa da gidansa da kuma wayarsa, kuma an ajiye 'ya'yansa a wani matsuguni ba bisa ka'ida ba.

=== Tsarin shari'a da shari'ar aikata laifuka ===
Dokar Isra'ila ta tanadi 'yancin yin shari'a ta gaskiya da kuma shari'a mai zaman kanta. Rahoton da Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra’ila ya nuna cewa a wasu lokuta kotuna suna yanke hukunci a kan bangaren zartarwa, ciki har da wasu shari’o’in tsaro. Kungiyoyin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam sun yi imanin ana mutunta wadannan bukatu gaba daya. Tsarin yana da adawa kuma ƙwararrun alkalai ne ke yanke hukunci. Wadanda ake tuhuma marasa galihu suna samun wakilci na tilas. Wasu yankunan kasar na karkashin ikon shari'a daban-daban na kotunan soji. An yi imanin cewa waɗannan kotuna sun yi daidai da sauran kotunan laifuka na Isra'ila kan batutuwan da suka shafi fararen hula. Ba za a iya yanke hukunci a waɗannan kotuna bisa ikirari kaɗai ba.

=== Hukuncin kisa ===
A halin yanzu dai dokar Isra'ila ta ba da damar yanke hukuncin kisa kan manyan laifukan da aka aikata a lokacin yaki, amma an soke shi a lokacin zaman lafiya. Laifukan da ake aikatawa a lokacin yaƙi sun haɗa da kisan kiyashi, laifuffukan da ake yi wa Yahudawa, laifuffukan cin zarafin ɗan adam, da laifukan yaƙi. Mutum daya tilo da aka taba yankewa hukuncin kisa bayan an same shi da laifi a wata kotun farar hula ta Isra’ila shi ne mai laifin yakin Nazi Adolf Eichmann .

=== 'Yancin fursunoni ===
B'Tselem ta ruwaito cewa an yi ta azabtar da mutanen da ba a zarginsu da aikata laifuka, wadanda suka hada da malaman addini, shehunai da malaman addini, masu fafutuka a kungiyoyin agaji, da daliban Musulunci. Sauran da za a azabtar da su sun hada da ’yan’uwa da sauran dangin mutanen da aka lissafa a matsayin wadanda ake so da kuma duk wani Bafalasdine a cikin aikin injiniya. A wasu lokutan kuma, an kama matan da ake tsare da su tare da wulakanta su don kara matsa wa mazajensu. Jami’an ISA a wasu lokutan suna azabtar da Falasdinawa domin daukar su a matsayin masu hada kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Background of the High Court of Justice's Decision |url=http://www.btselem.org/torture/background |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

B'Tselem ta kiyasta cewa ISA na yin tambayoyi tsakanin Falasdinawa 1,000 zuwa 1,500 a kowace shekara kuma tana amfani da hanyoyin da za su zama azabtarwa ga wasu kashi 85 cikin 100 na su, akalla mutane 850 a shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;/&gt;

[[Amnesty International]] ta kuma bayar da rahoton yin amfani da azabtarwa ga fursunonin Palasdinawa, tare da tsare-tsare, ba tare da shari'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Human rights in Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty ta ruwaito cewa an tsare Palasdinawa sama da 2,200 daga yankin Yammacin da aka mamaye a watan farko na Yaƙin Gaza na shekarar 2023. Bayanai da rikodin bidiyo sun nuna azabtar da fursunoni, gami da mummunan duka da wulakanci ga fursunoni.  Ta hanyar tilasta musu su sa kawunansu su kwanta, su durƙusa a ƙasa yayin ƙididdigar fursunoni&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=Israel/OPT: Horrifying cases of torture and degrading treatment of Palestinian detainees amid spike in arbitrary arrests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/11/israel-opt-horrifying-cases-of-torture-and-degrading-treatment-of-palestinian-detainees-amid-spike-in-arbitrary-arrests/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani rahoto na shekara ta 1978 daga karamin ofishin jakadancin da ke birnin Kudus ya bayyana shari’ar sojan da aka yi wa wasu matasa ‘yan kasar Amurka guda biyu wadanda suka ba da rahoton cewa mahukuntan Isra’ila sun yi amfani da karfin tuwo wajen samun ikirari daga wajensu. Rahoton ya kammala da cewa hukumomin Isra'ila na sane da cewa mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da &quot;tilastawa ta jiki da musgunawa&quot; wajen samun ikirari.

Hukumar Landau ta shekarar 1987, karkashin jagorancin mai shari'a Moshe Landau na Kotun Koli, an nada ta ne domin ta binciki hanyoyin tambayoyi na Hukumar Tsaron Isra'ila (ISA) kuma ta ce &quot;ba za a iya guje wa yin matsananciyar matsin lamba ba&quot;. Duk da haka, hukumar ta yi Allah wadai da wata takarda ta cikin gida ta shekarar 1982 wadda ta umurci masu yin tambayoyi kan irin karyar da ya kamata su yi a kotu lokacin da suke musanta cewa za su yi amfani da karfin jiki wajen samun ikirari. Ta yi Allah-wadai da shedar karya da abin ya shafa amma ta ba da shawarar a guji hukunta wadanda suka aikata ta. Sashi na biyu na rahoton Landau ya kasance sirri ne, an yi imanin cewa yana ɗauke da ƙa'idodin hanyoyin tambayoyi da aka halatta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Landau Commission examined interrogation methods |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/Torture/Background.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hukumar Landau ta kai ga daruruwan korafe-korafe da Falasdinawa da ake tsare da su suka yi na korafin cewa an yi amfani da karfi a kansu a lokacin da ISA ke yi musu tambayoyi. A cikin keɓantattun shari'o'i, an ba da umarnin wucin gadi na ɗan lokaci da ke hana ISA amfani da duka ko wasu hanyoyin, amma a watan Satumba na 1999, Kotun Koli ta ƙi yanke hukunci ko suna da doka a ƙarƙashin dokokin Isra'ila da na duniya.

A cikin 1994, Rahoton Kwanturolan Jiha (wanda aka fitar a taƙaitaccen tsari a cikin Fabrairu 2000) ya gano cewa hanyoyin tambayoyin ISA sun saba wa doka, ƙa'idodin Hukumar Landau, da ƙa'idodin cikin gida wanda sabis ɗin kansa ya tsara.

A watan Yulin shekarar 2002, ''Haaretz'' ya nakalto wani babban jami'in ISA yana cewa, tun lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke shawara, an bayyana Falasdinawa 90 a matsayin &quot;bamai masu saurin kai&quot; da kuma &quot;hanyar tambayoyi masu ban mamaki, &quot;watau azabtarwa, an yi amfani da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ha'aretz quoted a senior GSS official |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/torture/ |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran masu tambayoyin Isra'ila sun yarda cewa ISA &quot;tana amfani da duk wani magudi mai yiwuwa, har zuwa girgiza da bugawa. &quot; Yawancin bayanan daga Falasdinawa sun tabbatar da cewa azabtarwa har yanzu yana cikin tambayoyin Israʼila. 

According to a 2011 report by two Israeli human rights organisations, the Public Committee Against Torture (PCAT) and Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), Israeli doctors fail to report suspected torture and conceal related information, allowing Israeli Security Agency interrogators to use torture against Palestinian detainees.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harriet Sherwood |date=3 November 2011 |title=Israeli doctors 'failing to report torture of Palestinian detainees' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/03/israeli-doctors-report-torture-palestinian |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, wata doka ta ba da izinin tilasta ciyar da fursunoni masu fama da yunwa. Koyaya, Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Isra'ila ta bayyana dokar ba ta da kyau kuma ta bukaci likitoci da su ƙi aiwatar da ita.

==== Shirye-shiryen ilimi ====
Ana ba fursunoni damar ɗaukar darussan kan layi daga Open University of Israel, da kuma kammala digiri na ilimi. Wannan ba haƙƙin da aka ba shi ba ne amma fa'ida, dangane da halin kirki, tare da hukumomin kurkuku suna biyan kuɗin karatunsu na jami'a. Darussan suna cikin fannoni na: bil'adama, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, gudanarwa, ilimin halayyar dan adam da kimiyyar siyasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;knesset.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yaniv Ronen |date=28 November 2012 |title=לימודים אקדמיים של אסירים ביטחוניים |trans-title=Academic studies of security prisoners |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504160748/https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2015 |language=he}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar ita ce ta ba fursunoni kayan aiki don magance rayuwa a waje, don haka bayan an sake su daga kurkuku za su sami ilimi mai dacewa don taimaka musu samun aiki, da kuma hana su komawa rayuwar aikata laifuka.

==== Fursunoni na siyasa ====
A cikin shekarar 2011, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-Moon ya ce Isra'ila ta tsare dubban Palasdinawa a matsayin fursunonin siyasa, kuma ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta sake su. Ban ya ce sakin fursunonin siyasa zai &quot;yi aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar gina amincewa&quot; kuma ya bunkasa damar zaman lafiya a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 March 2011 |title=United Nations News Centre |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=37698&amp;Cr=palestin&amp;Cr1 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=UN News Service Section}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty International ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta saki fursunonin siyasa, tana mai cewa &quot;duk fursunonin siyasar da aka tsare ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba ya kamata a yi musu shari'a a shari'a ko kuma a sake su nan da nan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press Releases |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603062041/http://amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |archive-date=3 June 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

John Dugard ya kwatanta zaman kurkukun da Isra'ila ke yi wa Falasdinawa da manufofin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, yana mai cewa &quot;'Yan sandan tsaron wariyar launin fata sun aiwatar da azabtarwa sosai, haka ma jami'an tsaron Isra'ila. Akwai fursunonin siyasa da dama a tsibirin Robben amma akwai karin fursunonin siyasa na Falasdinawa a gidajen kurkukun Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=John Dugard |title=Apartheid and the occupation of Palestine |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/11/201111395153781378.html |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Tsayar da gudanarwa =====
Tsayawa na gudanarwa hanya ce da ake tsare fursunoni ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba. An ba da izinin hukunce-hukuncen ta hanyar umarnin gudanarwa daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Isra'ila ko kwamandojin soja na Isra'ila. [[Amnesty International]] ta yi imanin cewa aikin ya karya Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa wanda &quot;ya bayyana cewa babu wanda ya kamata a tsare shi da gangan kuma cewa hana 'yanci dole ne ya dogara da dalilai da hanyoyin da doka ta kafa&quot;. Amnesty International ta kuma damu da cewa fursunonin lamiri suna &quot;tsare ne kawai don yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya ba tare da tashin hankali ba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 1997 |title=Administrative detention: Despair, uncertainty and lack of due process |url=http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES\ISRAEL\OCCUPIED+TERRITORIES |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922021743/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES%5CISRAEL%5COCCUPIED%2BTERRITORIES |archive-date=22 September 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar B'Tselem a halin yanzu akwai Falasdinawa 645 da ke tsare a karkashin tsare-tsare ta Isra'ila da kuma 105 ta IDF. Yawancin ana kiyaye su a Yammacin Kogin Yamma a sansanin Soja na Ofer ko a sansanin soja na Ansar 3 / Ketziot a cikin hamadar Negev . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 July 2006 |title=Administrative Detention |url=http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824195154/http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |archive-date=24 August 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Shirye-shiryen ilimi a kurkuku don tsare-tsare =====
A shekara ta 2009, akwai fursunonin Palasdinawa 250 da ke karatu a Jami'ar Isra'ila. A watan Yunin shekarar 2011, Firayim Minista Benjamin Netanyahu ya sanar, don mayar da martani ga dakatar da tattaunawar zaman lafiya, cewa ba za a ba fursunonin Palasdinawa damar neman digiri na ilimi a kurkuku ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Barak Ravid |date=23 June 2011 |title=Netanyahu: Israel to toughen conditions of Palestinian prisoners |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/netanyahu-israel-to-toughen-conditions-of-palestinian-prisoners-1.369269 |access-date=16 May 2012 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshen shekara ta 2012, fursunoni uku sun daukaka kara ga Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya ki amincewa da roko. A cikin hukunce-hukuncen su, alƙalai sun bayyana cewa haƙƙin samun ilimi na jami'a kyauta bai shafi waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci na laifuffukan ta'addanci ba. Hukuncin, duk da haka, ya yi kira ga hukumomin kurkuku da su &quot;yi la'akari&quot; da yanke shawara game da shari'o'in fursunoni da suka riga sun kasance a tsakiyar shirye-shiryen ilimi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 December 2012 |title=Court: End of Free College for Terrorists |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/163549 |access-date=24 March 2014 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 'Yanci na magana da kafofin watsa labarai ===
[[Fayil:Israeli_Press_1949.jpg|thumb|Sashe na jaridu na Isra'ila a cikin 1949.]]
Censorship a Isra'ila ana gudanar da shi ne a hukumance ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila, wani sashi a cikin gwamnatin Isra'ila wanda aka ba shi aiki a hukumance don aiwatar da censorship na kariya game da buga bayanan da zasu iya shafar tsaro Isra'ila. Babban mai binciken Isra'ila ne ke jagorantar hukumar, jami'in soja wanda Ministan Tsaro na Isra'ila ya nada, wanda ya ba Babban mai binciken ikon hana bayanan da ya ga ya dace da kasancewa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aluf Benn |date=July–August 2001 |title=Israel: Censoring the past |url=http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619213158/http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences |publisher=University of Maryland}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=P.R. Kumaraswamy |date=September 1998 |title=India and Israel: Evolving Strategic Partnership |url=http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/publications/40pub.html |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Mideast Security and Policy Studies |publisher=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamar Shirin [[makaman nukiliya]] na Isra'ilawa da ayyukan soja na Isra'il a waje da iyakokinta. A matsakaici, labaran jarida 2240 a Isra'ila suna tantancewa ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila a kowace shekara, kusan 240 daga cikinsu a cikakke, kuma kusan 2000 a wani ɓangare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2021 |title=נתונים חדשים חושפים טפח מאחורי הקלעים של יחסי הצנזורה הצבאית והעיתונות הישראלית |url=https://www.the7eye.org.il/419412 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=העין השביעית |language=he-IL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dole ne a gabatar da labarai game da batutuwan da za su iya kawo rigima ga Mai binciken Sojojin Isra'ila a gaba; rashin yin hakan na iya sa mai ba da rahoto ya rasa damarsa na aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Isra'ila  kuma, game da manema labarai na ƙasashen waje, a hana shi daga ƙasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;BBCsorry&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2005 |title=BBC says sorry to Israel |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/mar/12/israel.broadcasting |website=the Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Matar |first=Haggai |date=2020-03-09 |title=IDF censor redacted two thousand news items in 2019 |url=https://www.972mag.com/idf-censor-israeli-media-2019/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=+972 Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=IDF Military Censor banned nearly 300 articles last year |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/idf-military-censor-banned-nearly-300-articles-last-year-562318 |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila, &quot;doka ta tanadi 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da 'yan jarida, kuma gaba daya gwamnati na mutunta wadannan hakkoki a aikace idan aka yi la'akari da takunkumin da ya shafi tsaro.&quot; Dokar ta tanadi 'yancin yin taro da ƙungiyoyi, kuma gabaɗaya gwamnati na mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a aikace.

Wasu jami'an gwamnati da wasu na sukar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da Isra'ila ke da shi a lokacin da suke gudun hijira daga [[zirin Gaza]] da yammacin kogin Jordan. Wannan ya haifar da sukar da ake cewa &quot;Hukumomi sun dauki matakan da ba su dace ba, tare da cin zarafin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da zanga-zangar siyasa ba tare da wani dalili ba.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;acri&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=ACRI Report Slashes Civil Rights Abuses and Privatization |url=http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060622145646/http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-date=22 June 2006 |access-date=28 July 2006 |website=Annual Report on Israel |publisher=The Association for Civil Rights in Israel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Isra'ila, manufofin gwamnatinta suna fuskantar zargi daga manema labarai da kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban na siyasa, haƙƙin ɗan adam da masu sa ido,   wadanda suka hada da Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI), B'Tselem, Machsom Watch, Mata a cikin Baƙar fata da Mata don Isra'ila Gobe. A cewar kungiyar 'yancin' yan jarida Reporters Without Borders, &quot;Kafofin yada labarai na Isra'ila sun sake kasancewa a cikin shekarar 2005 wadanda kawai ke da' yancin gaske don yin magana. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Israel – Annual report 2006 |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181318/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=12 August 2006 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, a cikin 2010, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da ke aiki a Isra'ila suka koka game da mummunan yanayi a kasar, kuma sun ce suna fuskantar hari saboda sukar manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyoyin sun ce wasu shugabannin Isra'ila suna ganin zargi da kare hakkin dan adam a matsayin barazana ga halattacciyar Isra'ila, musamman bayan Zargin laifukan yaki da sojojin Isra'ila game da Yakin Gaza (2008-09). 

A shekara ta 2009, Isra'ila ta kasance ta 93 a cikin Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index, daga shekarar da ta gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Reporters Without Borders – Press Freedom Index 2009 |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2013, Isra'ila ta sauka zuwa 112 daga cikin kasashe 179 a cikin Freedom Index na jarida. 'Yan jarida ba tare da iyaka ba sun bayyana cewa canjin ya faru ne saboda ayyukan Isra'ila a cikin Operation Pillar of Defense lokacin da ta ce &quot;Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila da gangan sun kai hari kan' yan jarida da gine-gine inda kafofin watsa labarai da ke da alaƙa da Hamas ke da mahalli&quot;. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta soki kama 'yan jarida na Palasdinawa da kuma tantancewar soja. Freedom House ta sanya Isra'ila a matsayin mai yanayin kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Sashi na 'yanci&quot; a cikin shekara ta 2009. A baya, Isra'ila ita ce kadai kasar da ke cikin yankin da ke da kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Free&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Press Freedom Rankings by Region 2009 |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&amp;year=2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) A cikin shekarar 2023, Isra'ila da kanta, ba tare da haɗa Gaza Strip ko Gabashin Urushalima ba, an jera su a matsayin &quot;Free&quot;,  yayin da Gaza Strip da West Bank suka kasance &quot;Ba Free ba&quot;.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israel: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/israel/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gaza Strip: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/gaza-strip/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=West Bank: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/west-bank/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2003, hukumar fim din Isra'ila ta haramta nuna fim din kasuwanci game da [[Jenin]]_(2002)&quot; id=&quot;mwAxM&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Battle of Jenin (2002)&quot;&gt;Yaƙin Jenin na 2002.  Fim din, ''Jenin, Jenin'' ne, tarin ganawa ne da mazaunan sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Jenin da aka yi fim a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2002, mako guda bayan yakin. Mohammad Bakri, Larabawa na Isra'ila, ya jagoranci fim din. An dakatar da fim din ne saboda zargin da ake yi na [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]] da Sojojin Isra'ila suka aikata, wanda hukumar ta yi la'akari da karya da cutar da iyalan sojoji. Bayan shari'ar shari'a, an shigar da takarda a Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya soke shawarar hukumar, kuma ya ba da izinin nuna fim din a cikin fina-finai &quot;don jama'a su yanke shawara&quot;, yayin da yake lura cewa fim din &quot;cike da ƙarya&quot;, ba fim ba ne, kuma an yi shi &quot;ba tare da bangaskiya ba&quot;, ta hanyar ƙarya yana nuna sojojin Isra'ila a matsayin &quot;mafi munin masu aikata laifuka&quot;.

A watan Janairun 2011, majalisar dokokin Isra'ila ta amince da wani kuduri na hannun dama na binciken wasu sanannun kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na Isra'ila saboda &quot;lalata&quot; sojojinta. Binciken zai haifar da bincike kan tallafin kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da dama wadanda suka soki manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila ta bayyana matakin a matsayin &quot;mummunan rauni&quot; ga demokradiyyar Isra'ila, kuma masu sukar manufofin sun yi wa manufar &quot;McCarthyist&quot;.

A cikin shekara ta 2015, Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta amince da manyan tanadi na dokar da ke haifar da sakamako ga waɗanda ke kira ga kauracewa Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye. Hukuncin ya haifar da muhawara, tare da wasu nuna rashin amincewa da shi yana kawo karshen 'yancin magana yayin da wasu ke cewa yana tabbatar da matsayin Isra'ila kan &quot;tsarin lalacewar BDS&quot; (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement). Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila sun yi korafi game da dokar, suna mai cewa ta keta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Magoya bayan dokar sun ce ta haramta &quot; nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin ƙasa&quot;.  &quot;Don cire kiran kauracewa daga rukunin 'yancin magana ba daidai ba ne&quot;, in ji Rabbi David Rosenn, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na New Israel Fund (NIF). &quot;Babu wani bangare na daban don magana wanda ke siyasa. Magana mafi mahimmanci shine siyasa, kuma ya kamata mutane su sami damar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ba tare da tsoron takunkumin gwamnati ba. &quot;

Dokar ta ba 'yan sanda damar iyakance tunzura ga tashin hankali ko kalaman ƙiyayya kuma ta haramta kiran mutane &quot;Nazis&quot; ko &quot;fascists&quot;. Dokar Rigakafin Ta'addanci ta hana bayyana goyon bayan kungiyar da ake ganin ta sabawa doka ko ta'addanci.

On 24 November 2024, Israel's government ordered a boycott of the newspaper ''Haaretz'' by government officials and anyone working for a government-funded body, and banned government advertising with the newspaper. According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''Haaretz'' &quot;had published a series of investigations of wrongdoing or abuses by senior officials and the armed forces, and has long been in the crosshairs of the current government.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2023, wani rahoto daga Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya nuna cewa Isra'ila ta kasance ta shida mafi girma a duniya don kama' yan jarida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israeli arrests of Palestinian journalists soared in 2023: CPJ |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/18/israeli-arrests-of-palestinian-journalists-soared-in-2023-cpj |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin Yaƙin Gaza, Falasdinawa sun bayyana cin zarafin soja a kan sakonnin kafofin sada zumunta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Molana-Allen |first=Leila |title=Palestinians describe harassment from Israeli forces over social media posts during war |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/palestinians-describe-harassment-from-israeli-forces-over-social-media-posts-during-war |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2024, Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya sanya Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasa ta biyu mafi muni a duniya don ba da damar masu kisan 'yan jarida su tafi ba tare da hukunta su ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Liam |title=Haiti, Israel ranked worst for securing justice in journalist killings |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/haiti-israel-ranked-worst-for-securing-justice-in-journalist-killings/7845113.html |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Voice of America}}&lt;/ref&gt;

; 'Yan Jarida Ba tare da iyakoki ba

Kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta fitar da rahoto na shekara-shekara kan 'yancin 'yan jarida a duniya, mai suna Index na 'Yancin Jarida. An fara buga irin wannan na farko a shekara ta 2002. Sakamakon da Isra'ila da Hukumar Falasdinawa ta samu daga 2002 zuwa yau an nuna su a ƙasa, tare da ƙananan lambobi suna nuna kyakkyawar kulawa ga 'yan jarida:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:1em auto;&quot;
!Shekara
!Isra'ila (Yankin Isra'ila) 
!Isra'ila (na waje) 
!Hukumomin Palasdinawa
!Mafi munin Shekara
!Rahoton URL
|-
|2002
|92
|Ba a bayyana ba
|82
|139
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213848/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|44
|146
|130
|166
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213853/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
|36
|115
|127
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220042227/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |archive-date=20 December 2008 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|47
|Ba a bayyana ba
|132
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429110315/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |archive-date=29 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|50
|135
|134
|168
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604161952/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |archive-date=4 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|44
|103
|158
|169
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421060910/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |archive-date=21 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|46
|149
|163
|173
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607100340/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |archive-date=7 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|93
|150
|161
|175
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Hakkin sirri ==
A cewar wani rahoto na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra'ila, &quot;[l] aws da ka'idoji sun tanadi kariya ga sirrin mutum da na gida. A cikin shari'o'in laifuka doka ta ba da izinin sauraron waya a karkashin umarnin kotu; a lokuta na tsaro dole ne ma'aikatar tsaro ta ba da oda.&quot;

== 'Yancin mata ==
Aure da saki suna karkashin ikon kotuna na addini ne, wanda a aikace yake haifar da tsangwama ga mata a cikin wadannan bangarori na shari'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta zartar da dokar da ta ba da kariya ga mata daga tashin hankalin gida. A shekarar 2022, mata 24 abokan aikinsu ko wasu ‘yan uwansu ne a cewar ‘yan sandan Isra’ila, inda aka ce an kashe mata 69 a Isra’ila a tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa watan Agusta shekarar 2022. 40 daga cikin wadannan matan Palasdinawa ne, fiye da rabin wadannan shari’o’in ‘yan sanda ba su warware ba. Akasin haka, an warware shari’ar kowacce daga cikin kisan gilla 29 na matan Yahudawa da Isra’ilawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci ga mata.

Mata a Isra'ila ba koyaushe aka tabbatar da daidaiton jinsi a bayyane ba. Kodayake sanarwar 'yancin kai ta Isra'ila ta bayyana cewa &quot;Jam'iyyar Isra'ila [...] za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na' yancin zamantakewa da siyasa ga dukkan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini ba, launin fata ko jima'i,&quot; wannan ji ba a ba da ikon tsarin mulki ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1948 |title=The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel |url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/general/declaration-of-establishment-state-of-israel |access-date=January 29, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, kotunan Isra'ila, a tsawon lokaci, sun bayyana cewa daidaito tsakanin jinsi shine &quot;ka'idar tsarin shari'a&quot; a Isra'ila، kuma mata sun ga mafi yawan shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a ta Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2021 |title=Equality, Religion and Gender in Israel |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/equality-religion-and-gender-in-israel |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 July 2021 |title=Israel Women's Network |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/israel-womens-network |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1969, Isra'ila ta zabi Golda Meir a matsayin firaminista kuma ta zama kasa ta hudu da mace ke rike da irin wannan mukami. A shekara ta 2010, wakilan majalisar mata a Isra'ila ya kai kashi 18 cikin 100, wanda ya zarce na kasashen Larabawa da kashi 6 cikin 100, daidai da na majalisar dokokin Amurka, kuma ya yi kasa da matsakaicin kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasashen Scandinavia.

Majalisar dokokin Isra'ila, The Knesset, ta kafa kwamitin kula da matsayin mata don magance 'yancin mata. Makasudin da aka bayyana na wannan kwamiti shine hana wariya, yaki da cin zarafin mata, da inganta daidaito a harkokin siyasa, abubuwan rayuwa da ilimi. A cikin 1998, Knesset ta zartar da wata doka don &quot;Rigaka da Cin Duri da Jima'i&quot;.

Wani rahoto na shekarar 2009 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ya ambaci matsalolin auren jama'a, agunot ('mata masu sarka) ba za su iya saki ba tare da izinin miji ba), da kuma hidimar addu'o'in jinsin jinsi a bangon Yamma.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Ana haɓaka haƙƙoƙin mata ta hanyar &quot;Kawo Mata A Gaba: Haɗin Kan Mata&quot;, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar Asusun Haɗin gwiwar Mata na Yahudawa. Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda bakwai a Isra'ila sune Cibiyar Adva, Ruhun Mata, Itach-Maaki: Lauyoyin Mata don Adalci na zamantakewa, Cibiyar Mahut, Cibiyar Mata ta Isra'ila (IWN), Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki ga Mata (EEW) da Achoti ('yar'uwa) ga Mata a Isra'ila.

=== Mata Larabawa a Isra'ila ===
Matan Larabawa-Isra'ila suna shiga cikin harkokin gwamnati da na jama'a. Hussniya Jabara ita ce mace Balarabiya ta farko da ta fara aiki a majalisar Knesset. Dangane da sashe na 15 na Ma'aikatar Jama'a [waɗanda] mata da Larabawa-Isra'ilawa suna da haƙƙin tabbatar da aiki a aikin ma'aikacin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=העדפה מתקנת בעבודה ובשירות הציבורי |url=http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201010211/http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |archive-date=1 February 2013 |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Moital.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ayyuka masu kyau ===
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan mata na Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Hakkin LGBT ==
Hakkin 'Yan tsiraru na jima'i a Isra'ila ana ɗaukar su mafi haƙuri a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=LGBT+ rights and issues in the Middle East |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9457/CBP-9457.pdf |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=Commons Library Research Briefing, 9 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake Isra'ila ba ta halatta auren jinsi ɗaya ba, auren jinsi ɗaya da ke aiki a ƙasashen waje an amince da shi bisa doka a Isra'ila. Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin 'yancin jama'a ga yawan masu luwadi, gami da' yancin tallafi da amfanin abokin tarayya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Walzer |first=Lee |date=21 February 2002 |title=Queer in the Land of Sodom |url=http://www.thegully.com/essays/gaymundo/020220_gay_israel_history.html |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=The Gully}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isra'ila kuma ta ba da matsayin aure na doka ga ma'aurata na cikin gida na jinsi ɗaya. Dokar sodomy da aka gada daga Mandate na Burtaniya na Falasdinu an soke ta a shekarar 1988, kodayake akwai umarni mai bayyanawa da Babban Lauyan Isra'ila ya bayar a shekarar 1953 wanda ya umarci 'yan sanda da su guji aiwatar da wannan dokar, muddin babu wasu laifuka da suka shafi. Dokar kare hakkin ɗan luwaɗi ta ƙasa ta haramta wasu nuna bambanci ga 'yan luwadi, gami da aiki; ana yin wasu keɓancewa ga ƙungiyoyin addini. A baya, aikin soja na masu luwadi yana ƙarƙashin wasu ƙuntatawa. An ɗaga waɗannan ƙuntatawa a cikin 1993, suna ba da damar masu luwadi su yi aiki a bayyane a duk sassan sojoji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Homosexual rights around the world |url=http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210062004/http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |archive-date=10 December 2005 |access-date=20 November 2011 |website=Gay Rights Info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Maris 2014, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da umarni da ke nuna cewa an haɗa aikin tiyatar jima'i a cikin tallafin kiwon lafiya da aka ba wa 'yan ƙasa. Duk da haka, a cikin watan Mayu Haaretz ya ruwaito cewa wata kungiyar kula da lafiya ta ki biyan kudin tiyatar canjin jima'i guda biyu, wanda ya haifar da kashe kudade masu yawa daga marasa lafiya. Wata rundunar LGBTI ta kasa ta gano cewa kashi 80 cikin 100 na masu canza jinsi, kashi 50 na 'yan madigo da kashi 20 cikin 100 na mazan luwadi ana nuna musu wariya yayin neman aikin yi.

== Hakkin ƙasa ==
Asusun yahudawa (JNF) yana iko da kashi 13% na ƙasar Isra'ila; wannan ƙasa an keɓe ta ne don amfanin Yahudawan Isra'ila keɓanta. Kasa da kashi 4% na ƙasar Isra'ila mallakar ƴan ƙasar Larabawa ne, duk da Larabawa da ke da kashi 20% na al'ummar ƙasar. An ɗauka gabaɗaya, kashi 93% na ƙasar a Isra'ila ana iko da ko dai ƙasar Isra'ila ko JNF; Ana kiran waɗannan ƙasashe a hukumance da &quot;ƙasashen Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Canje-canjen kwanan nan (wanda aka yi a cikin 2010) zuwa Dokar Kasa (Samun don Manufofin Jama'a) (1943), yana nufin tabbatar da ikon mallakar ƙasa na ƙasar da aka kwace daga Falasɗinawa (daga 1948 zuwa gaba) ta hanyar toshe iƙirarin Falasɗinawa na mallakar ƙasar da aka kwace a ƙarƙashin wannan doka, ko da a wuraren da ba a taɓa amfani da ita don dalilai na jama'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Cibiyar shari'ar Isra'ila Adalah ta bayar da rahoton cewa, &quot;A zahiri, an toshe Falasdinawa 'yan Isra'ila daga siye ko ba da hayar filaye a kusan kashi 80% na ƙasar Isra'ila bisa tushen ƙasarsu.&quot; Sakamakon, a cewarsu, shine &quot;mafi yawancin filayen gwamnati sun ƙunshi keɓaɓɓu, yankunan Yahudawa kaɗai.&quot; Adalah ya bayyana manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da ake aiwatar da keɓancewa daga mallakar filaye da amfani da su; ta hanyar abin da ake kira &quot;kwamitocin shiga&quot; da kuma ta hanyar abin da Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin manufofin nuna wariya na hukumomin jihohi da JNF.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Waɗannan kwamitocin shigar sun duba masu neman rukunin gidaje a garuruwan noma da al'umma a Isra'ila kuma sun haɗa da wani babban jami'i daga Ƙungiyar Sahayoniya ta Duniya ko Hukumar Yahudawa. Kusan garuruwa 700 a cikin Isra'ila (wanda ke lissafin kusan kashi 70% na duk garuruwan Isra'ila) suna da alaƙa da kwamitocin shiga. Sharuɗɗan da waɗannan kwamitocin suka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da ka'idojin dacewa, wanda Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin sabani da rashin gaskiya. Adalah ta ruwaito cewa ana tace Larabawa da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Isra'ila ta hanyar amfani da wannan ka'idojin dacewa. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Yahudawan Mizrahi da ƴan luwaɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, garuruwa da yawa a Isra'ila sun amince da dokoki da ke jaddada halayensu na Yahudawa, suna ƙayyade shigarwa cikin al'umma akan &quot;aminci ga hangen nesa na Zionist&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Nuna wariya ƙasar manufofin ne zuwa babban har kore da manufofin na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar ƙasar Isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin 1949 da 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF wakilan (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan ƙasar Isra'ila da ake kira manufofin ƙasa a cikin jihar 3. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan manufofin ya hana JNF ƙasar da za a ba wa waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

== Ƙananan kabilanci, dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci da shige da fice ==
Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu da Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan bambancin launin fata.

Nuna wariya ronu ne zuwa babban kore da tsofo na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da shekarar 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF rufi (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan Isra'ila a cikin iska daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin Isra'ila. hana JNF hadarin da za a ba wa koyarwa ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2009 |title=Gender and employment [Areas of work&amp;#93; |url=http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427190455/http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |archive-date=27 April 2009 |access-date=2010-07-22 |publisher=Ilo.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba ma'aikatan Larabawa a Ma'aikatu daban-daban &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Ma'aikatar
!% Ma'aikatan Larabawa 
|-
|Lafiya
|7.2
|-
|Ilimi
|6.2
|-
|Adalci
|3.9
|-
|Masana'antu, Ciniki da Aiki
|3.4
|-
|Sufuri
|2.3
|-
|Gidaje
|1.3
|-
|Kudi
|1.2
|}
Duk da Dokar Aiki (1998), kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah ta ba da rahoton cewa 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila suna fuskantar nuna bambanci a cikin damar aiki, albashi da yanayi. Adalah ta kuma ba da rahoton cewa jihar Isra'ila kanta (mafi girman ma'aikaci a Isra'ila) ba ta aiwatar da wannan dokar ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Misali, 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila da ke aiki a matsayin masu kwangila a cikin gyare-gyare a cibiyoyin ilimi na Isra'ilawa suna ƙarƙashin iyakancewa wanda Yahudawa Isra'ilawa ba sa ƙarƙashin su. Wannan ya haɗa da buƙatar dan kwangila ya hayar mai tsaro mai dauke da makami a wurin aiki a kan kuɗin kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khromchenko |first=Yulie |date=Mar 28, 2005 |title=Adalah Accuses Education Min. of Employment Discrimination |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240112202842/https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |access-date=12 Jan 2024 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila waɗanda mata ne, nakasassu, ko asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka suna da damar yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan Isra'ila na asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka, ko kuma masu nakasa, suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau game da shigar jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Council for Higher Education |url=http://che.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A1-1-%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%93.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=Che.org.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ייצוג הולם בשירות המדינה |url=http://www.csc.gov.il/DataBases/NewsLetters/NL19/Pages/AdequateRepresentation.aspx |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haramcin Wariya a Samfura, Sabis da Shiga Wuraren Nishaɗi da Wuraren Jama'a Dokar ta hana waɗanda ke gudanar da wuraren jama'a, ko ba da sabis ko samfura, don nuna bambanci saboda launin fata, addini, ƙasa, da ƙasar asali, da sauran dalilai. Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2010 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama ga Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye, dokokin Isra'ila sun hana nuna bambanci a kan launin fata, kuma gwamnati ta aiwatar da wadannan haramcin yadda ya kamata.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2010 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413173255/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |archive-date=13 April 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015 |publisher=US Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba Ayyuka ta Sashen da Kabilanci (2008) &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Aiki
!Ma'aikatan Larabawa (%) 
!Ma'aikatan Yahudawa (%) 
|-
|Gine-gine (maza) 
|28.4
|5.4
|-
|Ma'aikata marasa ƙwarewa
|14.6
|6.4
|-
|Ayyukan kasuwanci
|5.6
|14.3
|-
|Matsayi na gudanarwa
|2.3
|7.3
|-
|Bankin, inshora, da kudi
|0.8
|4.3
|}

=== 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila ===
Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta B'Tselem ta yi iƙirarin cewa an hana Larabawa a Urushalima haƙƙin zama, wanda ya haifar da karancin gidaje a yankunan Larabawa na Urushalima.

Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ta tuhumi cewa rage tallafin tsofaffi da kuma alawus-alawus na yara bisa aikin soji na iyaye na nuna wariya ga yaran Larabawa: &quot;Raguwar za ta kuma shafi 'ya'yan iyayen Yahudawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wadanda ba sa aikin soja, amma sun cancanci karin tallafin, gami da karin ilimi, wanda ba a samu ga yaran Larabawa na Falasdinu ba.&quot;

A cewar rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam ga Isra'ila da Yankunan da aka mamaye, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta yi &quot;ƙananan don rage nuna bambanci na hukuma, shari'a, da al'umma ga' yan ƙasar Larabawa&quot;.  Rahotanni na shekaru masu zuwa sun kuma gano nuna bambanci ga' yan asalin Larabawa a matsayin matsala ga Isra'ilawa, amma ba ta sake maimaita da'ila ta ba don rage nuna rashin nuna bambanci ba. 

Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam  ya lura cewa:

* Asusun Ƙasar Yahudawa (JNF) yana sarrafa kashi 12.5 cikin 100 na ƙasar jama'a amma dokokinta sun hana siyarwa ko hayar ƙasa ga waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba. A watan Oktoba, kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama sun shigar da kara ga Babban Kotun Shari'a suna da'awar cewa sanarwar da Gwamnatin Ƙasar Isra'ila (ILA) ta yi game da ƙasar JNF ta nuna bambanci saboda ta haramta Larabawa daga yin tayin. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2005, babban lauya ya yanke hukuncin cewa &quot;gwamnati ba za ta iya nuna bambanci ga Larabawa na Isra'ila a cikin tallace-tallace da rarraba ƙasashen da take sarrafawa ba, gami da na JNF.
* Kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na Isra'ila da Larabawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnati ta fi ƙuntatawa wajen bayar da izinin gini ga al'ummomin Larabawa da ƙalubalanci manufofin rushe gine-gine ba bisa ka'ida ba a bangaren Larabawa, yana iyakance ci gaban al'umma.
* &quot;A watan Yuni, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukuncin cewa barin garuruwan Larabawa daga wasu tsare-tsare na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na gwamnati na nuna wariya.
* An ƙalubalanci Tsarin Jagora na 1996 na Arewacin Isra'ila a matsayin wariya. Abubuwan da suka fi ba da fifiko sun haɗa da &quot;ƙara yawan Yahudawa na Galili da kuma toshe yanki na garuruwan Larabawa.&quot;
* Keɓe daga aikin soja na wajibi, yawancin Larabawa Isra'ila don haka ba su da damar samun dama fiye da sauran 'yan ƙasa zuwa fa'idodin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin wanda aikin soja ya zama buƙatu ko fa'ida, kamar gidaje, tallafin sabbin gidaje, da aikin yi, musamman aikin masana'antu na gwamnati ko na tsaro. Kwamitin Ivri kan yi wa kasa hidima ya ba da shawarwari a hukumance ga gwamnati cewa a ba wa Larabawa Isra'ila damar yin hidimar kasa.
* &quot;A bisa wani bincike da jami'ar Haifa ta gudanar a shekara ta 2003, akwai wani hali na sanya wa 'yan kasar Larabawa hukuncin dauri fiye da na Yahudawa. Masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama sun yi ikirarin cewa 'yan kasashen Larabawa sun fi fuskantar hukuncin kisa da kuma hana a bayar da belinsu.&quot;
* Rahoton hukumar Or Commission kan kisan ‘yan sanda na masu zanga-zangar Isra’ila da Larabawa ya gano cewa “sakamakon sakaci da wariya” gwamnati na tafiyar da bangaren Larabawa, tare da rabo ko albarkatun da bai dace ba wanda ke haifar da “mummunan wahala” daga al’umma. Abubuwan da ke nuna damuwa sun haɗa da talauci, rashin aikin yi, ƙarancin ƙasa, matsalolin ilimi, da nakasa abubuwan more rayuwa.

Rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila ya rubuta cewa: &quot;Gwamnati gaba daya tana mutunta hakkin 'yan kasarta; duk da haka, an sami matsaloli a wasu bangarori, ciki har da ... nuna wariya na hukumomi, shari'a, da kuma al'umma ga al'ummar Larabawa na kasar.&quot;

A cikin wani rahoto da ya mika wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bedouin ya yi ikirarin cewa suna fuskantar wariya kuma ba a daukarsu a matsayin 'yan kasa daidai a Isra'ila kuma ba a ba wa garuruwan Badouin hidima iri daya ba ko kuma filayen garuruwan Yahudawa masu girman gaske, kuma ba a ba su damar samun ruwa mai kyau. Birnin Be'er Sheva ya ki amincewa da wani wuri mai tsarki na Bedouin, duk da shawarar da Babbar Kotun ta bayar.

''Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2007 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam''  ya lura cewa:

* &quot;A cewar wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005 a Jami'ar Ibraniyawa, an kashe kuɗi sau uku a cikin ilimin yara Yahudawa kamar yadda yara Larabawa.&quot;

A watan Satumbar shekarar 2010, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta amince da gyare-gyare ga dokokin zama ɗan ƙasa na ƙasar. Shirin dokar ya tilasta wa duk wanda ke neman zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ya yi rantsuwa da &quot;Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasar Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot;. Larabawa na Isra'ila da kuma ƙungiyoyin hagu na Isra'ilawa ciki har da shugaban jam'iyyar adawa ta Kadima Tzipi Livni sun soki gyaran sosai. Masanin ilimin halayyar ilimi na Isra'ila Farfesa Gavriel Solomon ya ce rantsuwar aminci ta yi kama da Dokokin Nuremberg . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 October 2010 |title=Israeli academic: Loyalty oath resembles racist laws of 1935 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/israeli-academic-loyalty-oath-resembles-racist-laws-of-1935-1.318275 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magoya bayan gyaran sun bayyana cewa wadanda ba Yahudawa ba ne wadanda suka zama 'yan ƙasa suna buƙatar fahimtar cewa &quot;Jihar Isra'ila ita ce furcin kasa na ƙaddamar da kai na mutanen Yahudawa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2012 |title=Identifying with Israel's national character |url=http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-EdContributors/Article.aspx?id=190897 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isra'ila ta haramta 'yan ƙasa daga ziyartar ƙasashen abokan gaba ba tare da izini ba, ƙuntataccen tafiye-tafiye wanda, a cikin shekarar 2015, ya haɗa da Siriya, Iraki, Iran, Lebanon, Yemen, da Saudi Arabia. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah ta yi iƙirarin cewa wannan yana nuna bambanci ga 'yan asalin Larabawa da Isra'ila, kuma hukumomi ba su tsare Yahudawa ba bayan dawowa daga tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashe marasa izini kamar yadda suka yi da Larabawa Isra'ilawa. Har ila yau, an soki Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Isra'ila saboda nuna bambancin launin fata na 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah tana riƙe da jerin dokoki sama da 50 da take da'awar nuna bambanci ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. A cikin shekara ta 2015, an yi la'akari da launin fata na 'yan asalin Larabawa ta hanyar jami'an tsaro da sauran' yan ƙasa, da kuma hare-haren fansa a kan Larabawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2016&quot; /&gt;

Since the outbreak of the Gaza war, Israel has carried out mass arrests and detentions of Palestinians and Arab Israelis, with thousands arrested or detained in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories. On 5 November 2023, [[CNN]] reported that &quot;dozens&quot; of Palestinian residents and Arab citizens of Israel were arrested in Israel for expressions of solidarity with the civilian population of Gaza, sharing [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Quran]] verses, or expressing &quot;any support for the Palestinian people&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kottasová |first=Ivana |last2=Saifi |first2=Zeena |date=2023-11-05 |title='The reaction is extreme': Palestinians fear arrest if they voice sympathy for Gaza civilians |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/05/middleeast/palestinians-israel-fear-arrest-gaza-intl-cmd/index.html |website=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Haaretz'' described the widespread targeting of Arab Israelis by Israeli security forces. Referring to &quot;hundreds&quot; of interrogations, ''El País'' reported on 11 November that Israel increasingly treats its Arab minority as a &quot;potential fifth column&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pita |first=Antonio |date=2023-11-11 |title=Israel aumenta el cerco a su minoría árabe |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2023-11-11/israel-aumenta-el-cerco-a-su-minoria-arabe.html |website=El País |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ayyuka masu kyau ====
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau a cikin buƙatun shiga jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;/&gt;

=== Baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba da masu neman mafaka ===
Isra'ila jam'iyya ce ta jihar da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin [[Sudan]]_refugees_in_Israel&quot; id=&quot;mwBWo&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Sudanese refugees in Israel&quot;&gt;'yan gudun hijira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 April 2011 |title=Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b73b0d63.pdf |access-date=5 December 2012 |publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila suna la'akari da tsarin mafaka na Isra'ilawa da rashin adalci, kuma yawan amincewa da 'yan gudun hijira ya fi ƙasa da kashi 1%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Until our hearts are completely hardened, Report on asylum procedures in Israel, Hotline for Migrant Workers, April 2012 |url=http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018173547/http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga shekara ta 2003, kimanin baƙi 70,000 ba bisa ka'ida ba daga kasashe daban-daban na Afirka sun haye zuwa Isra'ila. Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 600 daga yankin Darfur na Sudan an ba su matsayin mazauna wucin gadi don sabuntawa kowace shekara, kodayake ba matsayin' yan gudun hijira na hukuma ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ACRI.org.il |url=http://www.acri.org.il/pdf/refugees0209en.pdf |access-date=25 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba da wasu 'yan gudun hijira 2,000 daga rikici tsakanin [[Eritrea]] da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] matsayin mazaunin wucin gadi a kan dalilai na jin kai, kodayake Isra'ila ta fi son kada ta gane su a matsayin' yan gudun hijira.

A cikin wani labari na shekarar 2012, ''Reuters'' ta ruwaito, &quot;Isra'ila na iya ɗaure baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba har zuwa shekaru uku a ƙarƙashin dokar da aka fara aiki a ranar Lahadi, wani jami'in Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ce, wani mataki da aka yi niyyar hana kwararar 'yan Afirka da ke shiga Isra'ila a kan iyakar hamada da Masar.  Ministan cikin gida Eli Yishai ya ce, &quot;Me ya sa muka yi rashin lafiya da zukata masu zubar da jini, gami da 'yan siyasa. Ayyuka za su zama mafi yawa a nan za su sa su zama jarirai, kuma wannan tayin ya sa Sudan ya fice su gudu zuwa duniya, kuma ya sa su zama mafi yawanci, kuma ya zama' yan gudun hijira za su gudu, kuma ya haifar da yawa, kuma ya fice ga Yesu Yesu ya sa suka fice, kuma ya fito da yawa, za su zama' yan kasa, kuma ya sami mafaka za su zama 'yan gudun hijira' yan gudunya suka ficececece' yan gudun

A karkashin Dokar Rigakafin Kutse ta 2014, duk masu ketare kan iyaka da ba bisa ka'ida ba an ayyana su a matsayin &quot;masu kutse&quot; kuma ana iya tsare su a gidan yarin Saharonim na tsawon watanni uku &quot;domin tantancewa&quot; sannan kuma watanni 12 a wurin Holhot mai nisa. Kamfanin dillancin labaran iqna ya habarta cewa, ya nakalto daga shafin sadarwa na yanar gizo na Hotline na ‘yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure cewa hukumomi sun mayar da fiye da rabin mutanen da ake tsare da su na Holot zuwa Saharonim har na tsawon watanni da dama saboda wasu laifukan da suka saba wa doka. A wasu jerin hukunce-hukuncen da kotun kolin ta yanke, ta yi watsi da cewa za a iya tsare bakin haure har abada, ta kuma ba da umarnin sakin bakin haure 1,178 'yan kasashen Eritrea da Sudan da ake tsare da su sama da shekara guda ba tare da tuhume su ba. Gwamnati ta hana wadannan masu neman mafaka daga Tel Aviv ko Eilat, inda za su kasance suna da al'ummomin tallafi da kuma samun damar yin ayyukan jin kai.

Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, tun daga shekarar 2011 yanayin 'yan gudun hijira a Isra'ila ya tabarbare &quot;saboda amincewa da manufofi da dokoki da nufin dakile masu neman mafaka a nan gaba ta hanyar yin wahala ga wadanda ke cikin kasar. Wadannan ayyuka sun kara tauye 'yancin jama'a da kuma karfafa barin kasar.&quot; Gwamnati za ta yi wahala a nemi izinin zama ɗan gudun hijira yayin da ake tsare da ita na tsawon shekara guda, kuma da zarar an sake shi za ta buƙaci masu neman su ba da hujjar rashin neman izini tun da farko. Ana kiran masu neman mafaka &quot;masu kutse&quot; ta gwamnati da kafafen yada labarai, wadanda ke danganta su da karuwar laifuka, cututtuka, da zaman banza.

=== 'Yan Afirka na Isra'ila ===
A cewar BBC, Yahudawa na Habasha da ke zaune a Isra'ila sun daɗe suna gunaguni game da nuna bambanci. Sun gudanar da tarurruka bayan yarjejeniyar da masu mallakar gidaje a kudancin Isra'ila suka yi don kada su hayar ko sayar da dukiyarsu ga Yahudawa na asalin Habasha. Al'ummar Yahudawa na Habasha sun shiga cikin zanga-zangar bayan bidiyon da ya fito wanda ya nuna 'yan sanda biyu suna doke soja na Habasha da Isra'ila, Demas Fekadeh . &lt;ref name=&quot;clash&quot; /&gt; Duk da yake zanga-zangar da dubban masu zanga-zambe suka yi da farko ba ta da tashin hankali, rikice-rikice da 'yan sanda sun ci gaba. ACRI ta yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan sanda sun kasa gargadi masu zanga-zangar kafin yin amfani da matakan watsa jama'a, kuma amfani da su bai karu a hankali ba. Gwamnati ta sauke tuhumar da aka yi wa Fekadeh, ta kammala cewa bai fara rikici da ya haifar da duka ba.

== Ilimi ==
[[Fayil:GalilSchoolSign.jpg|thumb|Alama a gaban Makarantar Galil, makarantar firamare ta [[Larabawa]] da Yahudawa a Isra'ila.]]
Dokar Ƴancin Dalibai ta [[Isra'ila]] ta shekarar 2000 ta haramta nuna bambanci ga ɗalibai saboda dalilai na ɗarika a shigarwa ko fitarwa daga cibiyar [[ilimi]], a cikin kafa tsarin karatun daban-daban ko gudanar da azuzuwan daban-daban a cikin wannan cibiyar [[ilimi]] guda, da kuma haƙƙoƙi da wajibai na ɗalibai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=חוק זכויות התלמיד באנגלית – Pupils' Rights Law |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/Zchuyot/ChukimVeamanot/Chukim/PupilsRightsLaw |access-date=16 May 2010 |publisher=Cms.education.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Kotun Koli]] ta Isra'ila ta aiwatar da wannan dokar, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar daga iyalan Orthodox waɗanda suka ki tura ƴaƴansu zuwa makarantu masu haɗin kai.
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

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An bayyana Isra'ila a cikin Sanarwar cewa 'yancin kai a matsayin &quot;jaha ta Yahudawa&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Avalon Project : Declaration of Israel's Independence 1948 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Avalon.law.yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; - an karɓi ma'anar doka &quot;Jiha ta Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot; a shekara ta 1985. Baya ga yawancin Yahudawa a yankin ban da [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Yankunan Palasdinawa]] da aka mamaye, Isra'ila gida ce ga 'yan tsiraru na addini da kabilanci, wasu daga cikinsu suna ba da rahoton nuna bambanci. A cikin yankunan Palasdinawa, Gwamnatocin Isra'ila da suka biyo baya sun fuskanci zargi na kasa da kasa daga wasu ƙasashe da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da na cikin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=Israel's apartheid against Palestinians |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Amnesty International]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shakir |first=Omar |date=2021-04-27 |title=A Threshold Crossed |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution |journal=[[Human Rights Watch]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Apartheid |url=https://www.btselem.org/topic/apartheid |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[B'Tselem]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ארכיון Settler Violence |url=https://www.yesh-din.org/en/category/settler-violence/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Yesh Din]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗaya daga cikin Dokokin Ƙananan na Isra'ila, wanda aka nufa don zama tushen kundin tsarin mulki na gaba,  Dokokin Ƙarshen: Darajar Dan Adam da 'Yanci, babban kayan aiki ne don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da' yancin jama'a a Jihar Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gavison |first=Ruth |year=1985 |title=The Controversy over Israel's Bill of Rights |journal=Israel Yearbook of Human Rights |volume=15 |pages=113–154}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah sun nuna cewa wannan dokar ba ta ƙunshi tanadi na gaba ɗaya don daidaito da rashin nuna bambanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inequality Report: The Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel - Adalah |url=https://www.adalah.org/en/content/view/7404 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.adalah.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, sun bayar da rahoton take hakkin bil'adama da kasar Isra'ila ke yi, musamman kan wasu tsiraru. Wadannan rahotanni sun hada da take hakkokin Falasdinawa, na ciki da wajen Isra'ila da kuma wasu kungiyoyi a Isra'ila.

Freedom House ya bayyana Isra'ila a matsayin 'yanci na siyasa da dimokuradiyya fiye da kasashe makwabta a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 January 2013 |title=US watchdog: Israel is Mideast's only 'free' state |url=https://www.jpost.com/National-News/US-watchdog-Israel-is-Mideasts-only-free-state |access-date=21 August 2018 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar na shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, Isra'ila na fuskantar manyan matsalolin kare hakkin bil'adama game da nuna wariya ga hukumomi a kan al'ummar Larabawa na Isra'ila (da yawa daga cikinsu suna bayyana kansu a matsayin Falasdinu), 'yan Isra'ila da mata na Habasha, da kuma kula da 'yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure. Sauran matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam sun haɗa da nuna wariyar hukuma ga Yahudawa waɗanda ba 'yan Orthodox ba da kuma iyalai masu aure, da cin zarafin ma'aikata a kan ma'aikatan kasashen waje.

== Tarihi ==
Majalisar Tarayyar Al'ummai ta amince da ƙuduri a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1931 game da yanayin da ake buƙata kafin a kawo ƙarshen mulkin. Sabuwar gwamnati ta samar da wata sanarwa ta baki ko rubuce-rubuce da ta amince da karɓar wajibin tabbatar da daidaito na kabilanci da addinai. Wannan ƙuduri ya biyo bayan tsohuwar doka ta duniya a lokuta inda manyan iko suka taimaka wajen maido da ikon mallakar yankin. Ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan &quot;Gwamnatin Falasdinu ta nan gaba&quot; ya ƙunshi duka shirin rabuwa da Shirin Kare Ƙananan .  Ya sanya 'yan tsiraru, mata, da' yancin addini a ƙarƙashin kariya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya. Shirin ya ba da takamaiman tabbacin haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali. Sabbin jihohin sun samar da sanarwa, wanda bisa ga abin da ya gabata ya yi daidai da yarjejeniya.&lt;ref&gt;See International Human Rights in Context, Henry J. Steiner, Philip Alston, Ryan Goodman, Oxford University Press US, 2008, {{ISBN|0-19-927942-X}}, page 100&lt;/ref&gt; Kudin ya bayyana cewa &quot;ka'idojin da ke cikin sanarwar an gane su a matsayin manyan dokoki na Jiha, kuma babu wata doka, ka'ida ko aikin hukuma da za su saba wa ko tsoma baki da waɗannan ka'idojin, kuma babu wani doka, ka-idaita ko aikin hukumi da zai mamaye su&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, November 29, 1947, C. Declarations |url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029150108/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |archive-date=29 October 2006 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanarwar kafa kasar Isra'ila ta yi shelar, a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1948, cewa &quot;haƙƙin Yahudawa na sake haifuwa na ƙasa a cikin ƙasarta&quot; an amince da shi a cikin sanarwar Balfour na 2 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1917, kuma an sake tabbatar da shi a cikin Umurnin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya wanda, musamman, ya ba da izini na kasa da kasa da Isra'ila ga Isra'ila da Isra'ila. hakkin Yahudawa na sake gina Gidansa na Ƙasa.&quot; Har ila yau, ta ayyana cewa kasar &quot;za ta kasance a bude don hijirar Yahudawa da kuma tattara 'yan gudun hijirar; za ta bunkasa ci gaban kasar don amfanin dukan mazaunanta; za ta kasance bisa 'yanci, adalci da zaman lafiya kamar yadda annabawan Isra'ila suka tsara; za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na zamantakewa da 'yancin siyasa ga dukan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini, addini ko jinsi ba; za ta ba da tabbaci ga harshe, yanci ko jinsi; kiyaye Wurare Mai Tsarki na dukan addinai; kuma zai kasance da aminci ga ƙa'idodin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.&quot;

Wasu malaman Burtaniya suna jayayya cewa Isra'ila ba ta cika wajibinta na kare haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru ba.&lt;ref&gt;Yvonne Schmidt, &quot;Foundations of Civil and Political Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories&quot;, GRIN Verlag, 2008, {{ISBN|3-638-94450-6}}, page 98&lt;/ref&gt;

Asalin Dokar Isra'ila: Mutuncin Dan Adam da 'Yanci, ya ce muhimman haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Isra'ila za a kiyaye su bisa ga ƙa'idodin da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar, amma ta keɓance musamman dokar da ta riga ta fara aiki. Masana harkokin shari'a na Isra'ila sun ce an yi amfani da kalmomin dokar ne don guje wa wahalar ba da fifiko ga daidaito, wanda ba a san shi ba. Sakamakon shi ne cewa za a iya jujjuya ƙa'idar daidaito ta hanyar doka ta yau da kullun, kuma ba za ta yi watsi da ka'idodin doka ko na alƙalai ba.

== Matsayi na 'yanci,' yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a a Isra'ila ==

=== 'Yancin zama ɗan ƙasa ===
Dokar kasa ta Isra'ila da Dokar Komawa, sun bambanta tsakanin Yahudawa Isra'ilawa da Falasdinawa Isra'ilawa ta hanyar sabunta ra'ayi na kasa yahudawa da ke bambanta da zama dan kasar Isra'ila. Duk da take, Dokar Ƙasa ba ta kafa ra'ayin ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ba, a maimakon haka tana danganta ɗan ƙasa da alaƙar addini.

Dokar Kasa ta ba da izinin Palasdinawa su zama 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila ne kawai idan sun kasance (ko kuma zuriyar waɗanda ke wurin) a Isra'ila tsakanin shekarar 1948 da shekarar 1952. Wadannan ƙuntatawa sun cire duk waɗanda aka kore su ko waɗanda suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 da zuriyarsu. Dokar Komawa ta tabbatar da haƙƙin kowane [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ya yi ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ta atomatik. Falasdinawa da zuriyarsu waɗanda aka kore su ko suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 an hana su wannan haƙƙin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Dokar zama dan kasa da shiga cikin Isra'ila (2003) ta hana Falasdinawa daga yankunan Falasdinawa da aka mamaye 'yancin samun matsayin zama na Isra'ila ko zama dan kasa, ko da a lokuta da suka yi aure da 'yan Isra'ila. Wannan haramcin ya ta'allaka ne kan dan kasa ba kan wani lamari na tsaro ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2008, Knesset ta amince da Dokar zama ɗan ƙasa (gyara Lamba 9) (Ikon soke zama ɗan ƙasa) (2008), wanda ke ba da damar soke zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila bisa ga &quot;cin amana&quot;. Musamman ma, keta amana na iya haɗawa da aikin zama a wasu ƙasashen Larabawa ko musulmi ko yankin Gaza. Wannan doka ta halatta soke zama ɗan ƙasa a kan haka ba tare da an yanke masa hukunci ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

=== Hakki da 'yanci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka yi ===
Binciken da Freedom House mai hedkwata a Amurka ya gudanar a shekara ta 2013, wanda ke kokarin auna irin dimokuradiyya da 'yancin siyasa a kowace kasa, ya sanya Isra'ila tare da Tunisiya a matsayin kasa daya tilo da ke da 'yanci a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;/&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''Rarrabawar Isra'ila, da yankunan da ta mamaye, ta Freedom House, The Economist Intelligence Unit da Transparency International'''
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
!Kasar / Ƙungiya - NGO
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Gidan 'Yanci
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sashin leken asiri na tattalin arziki
!Bayyanawa ta Duniya
|-
!Rahoton-Ranking
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'Yanci a Duniya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lissafin Dimokuradiyya
!Rashin fahimta na cin hanci da rashawa
|-
!
!Rarraba 'yanci, Wani bangare na 'yanci&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;'Yanci'&lt;/span&gt;, Wani ɓangare na' Yanci, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Ba 'Yanci ba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
![[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|'Yancin siyasa]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[Ƴancin Jama'a|'Yancin Jama'a]]&lt;br /&gt;
!Dimokuradiyya Rarraba Dimokuradiya Cikakken Dimokuradiyar, Dimokuradiyan da ba su da kyau, Tsarin Mulki&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Cikakken dimokuradiyya&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#cfc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Dimokuradiyya mara kyau&lt;/span&gt;, Tsarin Mulki na Hybrid, Tsarin Mulki&lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Tsarin mulki na mulkin mallaka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!Cikakken Sakamakon
!Ra'ayoyin cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Isra'ila
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |'Yanci'
|1
|2
| style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot; |Dimokuradiyya mara kyau
|7.79
|6.0
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |Ba 'Yanci ba
|6
|6
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|}

; Bayani
:

* Ta hanyar Freedom House 2009 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Map of Freedom in the World |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&amp;year=2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ga 'yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a, 1 yana wakiltar mafi kyawun kyauta kuma 7 mafi ƙarancin kyauta.
* Bisa ga The Economist Intelligence Unit 2010 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Democracy Index 2010 |url=http://graphics.eiu.com/PDF/Democracy_Index_2010_web.pdf |access-date=2 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cikakken dimokuradiyya suna da jimlar 10 zuwa 8, dimokuradiyar da ba ta dace ba tana da jimlar 7.9 zuwa 6, gwamnatocin haɗin gwiwa suna da jimillar 5.9 zuwa 4, kuma gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna da jimla daga 3.9 zuwa 1. Matsayin dimokuradiyya ya fi girma yayin da ci ya karu.
* Dangane da ƙididdigar cin hanci da rashawa ta duniya ta shekara-shekara,  ci ya kasance daga 10 (mai tsabta) zuwa 0 (mai cin hanci).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=2008 Corruption Perceptions Index |url=http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311002755/http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |archive-date=11 March 2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |website=Transparency International Annual Report |publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun soki gwamnatin Isra'ila saboda kai hari ga kungiyoyin farar hula da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila (ACRI), babbar kungiyar 'yancin jama'a ta Isra'ila, jerin kokarin gwamnatin Isra'ila a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun kai hari kan kungiyoyin fararen hula na Isra'ila da Kotun Koli na Isra'ila. Rahoton ACRI na Disamba 2017 ya gabatar da abin da yake kallo a matsayin misalan harin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ci gaba da kai wa dimokuradiyyar Isra'ila, 'yancin ɗan adam, 'yancin yin zanga-zanga, mutunta kimar daidaici, da 'yancin siyasa, zamantakewa da 'yan tsiraru. Wannan yanayin a Isra'ila an kira shi &quot;rashin bin tsarin mulki&quot; ta wasu masu sharhi na shari'a.

=== Zaben, jam'iyyun siyasa, da wakilci ===
A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan Isra'ila, &quot;Dokar ta bai wa 'yan kasar damar zabar gwamnatinsu a zabukan lokaci-lokaci na 'yanci da adalci bisa tsarin zabe na bai daya, kuma 'yan kasar sun yi amfani da wannan damar.&quot; Zaɓen da aka gudanar a watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2015 an yi la'akari da shi cikin 'yanci da adalci a wurin masu sa ido. An soki sauyin da aka yi a matakin zabe da cewa ya takaita wakilcin kananan jam’iyyu, musamman ma da ke shafar tsirarun Larabawa. Wannan ya sa jam'iyyu hudu masu rinjaye na Larabawa suka hade waje daya, wato Joint List, wanda ya samu kujeru 13, ya kuma zama bangare na uku mafi girma a majalisar Knesset. Galibin Falasdinawa a yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye na rayuwa ne a karkashin mamayar Isra'ila kuma ba 'yan kasar Isra'ila ba ne. Ba a yarda su kada kuri'a a Isra'ila ba.

Doka ta asali: Knesset (1958) da gyare-gyaren da suka biyo baya sun hana jerin jam'iyyun tsayawa takara a majalisar Knesset idan manufofinta ko ayyukanta sun hada da &quot;kyau da wanzuwar kasar Isra'ila a matsayin kasar Yahudawa&quot;. Cibiyar shari'a ta Isra'ila Adalah ta bayyana cewa &quot;wannan dokar ta hana yin amfani da 'yancin yin siyasa cikin 'yanci, ciki har da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da shiga siyasa. Ana amfani da ita sau da yawa don ƙoƙarin hana jam'iyyun siyasa na Larabawa da 'yan majalisar dokoki don neman canza yanayin kasa ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, alal misali, zuwa wata ƙasa da ta dogara da cikakken daidaito na farar hula da na kasa wanda ba ya ba da fifiko ga wata ƙungiya ta kasa fiye da ɗayan, har ma da toshe muhawara kan irin waɗannan shawarwari.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Mata sun fuskanci manyan matsalolin al'adu a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa masu wakiltar ƙungiyoyin addini masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma, a ƙaramin mataki, tsirarun Larabawa. A zaben 2015, Knesset mai mambobi 120 na da mambobi mata 29 da mambobi Larabawa 15. An nada mata uku a majalisar ministocin, kuma a karon farko, wata Balarabe Isra'ila ta jagoranci wani kwamiti na dindindin.

=== 'Yanci na addini ===
[[Fayil:Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg|left|thumb|Ganuwar Yamma, [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]]]]
Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2009 kan Isra'ila da yankunan da ta mamaye, &quot;Dokar Isra'ila ta Bada 'Yanci da Mutunci da 'Yanci ta tanadi 'yancin yin ibada kuma gabaɗaya Gwamnati na mutunta wannan hakki a aikace.&quot; Rahoton ya kara da cewa &quot;Manufar gwamnati ta ci gaba da goyon bayan gudanar da harkokin addini na 'yanci, duk da cewa ana ci gaba da nuna wariya na gwamnati da na shari'a ga wadanda ba Yahudawa ba da kuma na addinin Yahudanci ba&quot; kuma &quot;Yahudawa da yawa 'yan kasar sun ki amincewa da ikon Orthodox na keɓance kan muhimman al'amuran rayuwarsu.&quot; Rahoton ya bayyana cewa kimanin ‘yan kasar 310,000 da suka yi hijira zuwa Isra’ila a karkashin dokar komowa, ba mabiya addinin Orthodoks ke daukar Yahudawa ba, don haka ba za a iya aure ko a sake su ba, ko kuma a binne su a makabartun Yahudawan da ke cikin kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite report|last1=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan samun iko da Yammacin Kogin a shekarar 1967, Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin musulmi damar shiga masallatai, gami da [[Al-Aqsa]], da kuma damar Kirista zuwa majami'u. Isra'ila ta ba da kariya ga wuraren addini na addinan da ba na Yahudawa ba; mafi shahararren Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila (IDF) sun kama wani mutum wanda ya sanar da su shirinsa na kai hari Masallacin Al-Aqsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2006 |title=Police arrest J'lem rabbi who threatened to carry out terror attack on Temple Mount |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/770846.html |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu lokuta, bukukuwan kwanaki masu tsarki ta addinai daban-daban suna da damar haifar da rikici; don haka 'yan sanda na Isra'ila suna daukar matakai don kauce wa rikici tsakanin al'ummomi ta hanyar bayar da ƙuntatawa na wucin gadi kan motsi  da bautar da ake ji. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 September 2006 |title=Restrictions on Old City Jews During Ramadan – Inside Israel – Israel News |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=112595 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar wani rahoto na shekara ta 2009 daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Ofishin Demokraɗiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam, da Kwadago, Isra'ila ta gaza kasancewa al'umma mai juriya ko jam'i. A cewar rahoton, Isra'ila na nuna wariya ga Musulmai, Shaidun Jehobah, Yahudawa masu kawo sauyi, Kirista, mata da kuma Badawiyya. Dukkan wurare 137 masu tsarki da Isra'ila ta amince da su Yahudawa ne, suna yin watsi da kuma yin watsi da wuraren Kirista da na Musulmi, duk da Dokar Kare Wuraren Tsarkakewa ta 1967 da aka yi niyya don kare dukkan wurare masu tsarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 February 2009 |title=2008 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226174854/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |archive-date=26 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=[[US Department of State]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Baha'i|Bangaskiyar Bahá'í]] (a cikin 1960) tana kula da wurin zama na hukumomin su, Gidan Shari'a na Duniya, a Haifa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Baháʼí World Centre |url=http://www.bahai.org/dir/bwc |access-date=31 July 2006 |publisher=[[Baháʼí International Community]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] yana aiki a matsayin addini a Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Diamond Way Buddhism in Israel |url=http://www.buddhism.org.il/?newlang=english |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Diamond Way Buddhism}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Buddhanet's Middle East Buddhist Directory: Israel |url=http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm#israel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627120448/http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm |archive-date=27 June 2006 |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta wallafa nazarin tashin hankali na zamantakewa ta ƙasa. Cibiyar Hostilities Index (SHI) tana auna ayyukan ƙiyayya ta addini ta mutane, ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyin jama'a. &quot;Wannan ya haɗa da taron jama'a ko tashin hankali na ɗarika, cin zarafi kan tufafi saboda dalilai na addini, da sauran tsoratar da addini ko cin zarafi. &quot;  A cikin shekarar 2007, Isra'ila tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 10 da ke da maki sama da 7.1 a sikelin 10; a cikin 2010, Isra'ila da yankunan Palasdinawa sun kasance biyu daga cikin yankuna 15 da ke da mafi girman ƙimar SHI.&lt;ref name=&quot;pewforum.org&quot; /&gt;

=== Dokokin aure da saki ===
Ma'aurata da ke son yin aure na iya yin hakan ne kawai ta hanyar bikin addini, idan Yahudawa, [[Aure a Musulunci|Musulmi]], Kirista, ko wasu. Ma'aurata marasa addini, tun daga shekara ta 2014, na iya samun wani nau'in auren farar hula a Isra'ila, kuma su sami [[Relationships Card|Katin Dangantaka]] ta sabuwar kungiyar da ke canza matsayinsu ga ma'aurata, kuma suna ba su duk hakkokin da suka fito daga gare ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=רשומות הכנסת, קובץ התקנות, 7326, הודעת ברית הזוגיות לחסרי דת (אגרות), התשע&quot;ד-2014. עמוד 486. |url=http://www.justice.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/97DAEDE3-9271-40E7-ADF9-4C91058FAF75/42863/7326.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=משפחה חדשה |url=http://www.news1.co.il/uploadFiles/543728053569794.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=News1.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2014 |title=לראשונה: תעודת הזוגיות של &quot;משפחה חדשה&quot; הוכרה כנישואים |url=http://www.mako.co.il/pride-news/local/Article-bf5f377c4709a41006.htm |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Mako.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aure na doka na yau da kullun yana ba ma'aurata hakkoki iri ɗaya da ma'auratan ke morewa. 'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila na iya tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje don auren farar hula, wanda ke da alhakin a ƙarƙashin dokar Isra'ila.

A lokacin Al-Aqsa Intifada a shekara ta 2003, Knesset ta yi gyare-gyare na wucin gadi ga Dokar 'yan kasa da shiga cikin Dokar Isra'ila wanda ya hana Palasdinawa da suka yi aure ga Isra'ilawa samun'ila ko zama. Masu sukar suna jayayya cewa dokar wariyar launin fata ce saboda an yi niyya ne ga Larabawa na Isra'ila waɗanda ke da yiwuwar samun ma'aurata Palasdinawa fiye da sauran Isra'ilawa; masu kare sun ce dokar tana da niyyar hana hare-haren ta'addanci da kiyaye halin Yahudawa na Isra'ilawa. Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambanci tsakanin launin fata ya amince da ƙuduri cewa dokar Isra'ila ta keta yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya game da wariyar launin fata. Jakadan Isra'ila a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva, [[Yaakov Levy]], ya ce ƙudurin &quot;ya kasance mai zurfi na siyasa&quot;, yana mai nuna rashin nasarar kwamitin na ba da buƙatar Isra'ila don gabatar da shaidar &quot;biyan dokar da ke cikin dokar kasa da kasa da kuma aiki&quot;, misalai na &quot;batutuwa masu yawa [inda] ba da matsayin doka ga matan Palasdinawa na mazaunan Isra'ila  yi amfani da shi da mazaunan Palasdinawa don Ta'addanci na kashe kansa&quot;, da kuma watsi da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Turai batun ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Babban Kotun Isra'ila.[was]

Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI) ta shigar da takarda don a soke dokar  amma Kotun Koli ta amince da ita a shekara ta 2006.  A cikin tsara dokar, gwamnati ta ambaci, &quot;bayanan da jami'an tsaro suka gabatar, wanda ya ce kungiyoyin ta'addanci suna ƙoƙarin tattara Palasdinawa waɗanda suka riga sun karɓi ko za su karɓi takardun Isra'ila kuma cewa jami'an tsaron suna da wahalar rarrabe tsakanin Palasdinawa da za su iya taimaka wa 'yan ta'adda da waɗanda ba za su ba&quot;. A cikin hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila game da wannan al'amari, Mataimakin Babban Alkalin Shari'a Mishael Cheshin ya yi jayayya cewa, &quot;yan ƙasar Isra'ila  jin daɗin haƙƙin tsarin mulki don kawo ɗan ƙasar waje zuwa Isra'ila... kuma haƙƙin - ƙari, wajibi ne - na jihar, na kowace jiha, don kare mazaunanta daga waɗanda ke son cutar da su. &quot;

A shekara ta 2009, Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka na Dimokuradiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ayyuka sun soki rashin auren farar hula da saki a Isra'ila ga baƙi waɗanda ba a dauke su Yahudawa a ƙarƙashin dokar rabbi ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Human rights activists have criticised Israel's stay of exit order, saying it unfairly targets divorced men by preventing them from leaving the country indefinitely until they settle the full child support arrears of their children until age 18. While this could easily amount to obligations in the millions of US dollars, even a US$100 debt can trigger a stay of exit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CCF Israel Report of the Israeli Civil Society |url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=tbinternet.ohchr.org |publisher=ccfisrael.org |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106020129/https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The men are required to pay 100% or more of their income, and are jailed for 21 days each time they miss a monthly payment. In 2021, it was reported that an Australian man who was divorced from his Israeli wife was detained from leaving the country in 2013, with the stay of exit being in force until 31 December 9999, or until he paid $3 million in child support arrears. Marianne Azizi, British journalist and head of Coalition of the Children and Families in Israel (CCF), estimated that hundreds more Australians were trapped in the country as a result of the stay of exit. She had been informed by British Embassy officials in Tel Aviv that 100 British nationals per month had been reaching out to them for help in getting out of the country.&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian&quot; /&gt;

A watan Maris na 2019, Azizi ta ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu a Geneva game da take hakkin dan Adam da ta ci gaba da kasancewa sakamakon kai tsaye sakamakon ka'idojin tallafawa yara kanana a Isra'ila, tana mai cewa &quot;... Rayuwar ubanni sama da 2,000 a kashe kansu yana da tsada&quot;. Ta ce Isra'ilawa ba sa bayar da rahoton take hakin bil'adama saboda tsoron &quot;sakamako&quot;, kamar yadda wasu masu fafutuka suka kwace musu 'ya'yansu. Lauyan Mickey Givati, wanda ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya ya ba shi izinin taimakawa baki daga Isra'ila, ya shaida cewa an sanya na'urorin bin diddigin a cikin motarsa da gidansa da kuma wayarsa, kuma an ajiye 'ya'yansa a wani matsuguni ba bisa ka'ida ba.

=== Tsarin shari'a da shari'ar aikata laifuka ===
Dokar Isra'ila ta tanadi 'yancin yin shari'a ta gaskiya da kuma shari'a mai zaman kanta. Rahoton da Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra’ila ya nuna cewa a wasu lokuta kotuna suna yanke hukunci a kan bangaren zartarwa, ciki har da wasu shari’o’in tsaro. Kungiyoyin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam sun yi imanin ana mutunta wadannan bukatu gaba daya. Tsarin yana da adawa kuma ƙwararrun alkalai ne ke yanke hukunci. Wadanda ake tuhuma marasa galihu suna samun wakilci na tilas. Wasu yankunan kasar na karkashin ikon shari'a daban-daban na kotunan soji. An yi imanin cewa waɗannan kotuna sun yi daidai da sauran kotunan laifuka na Isra'ila kan batutuwan da suka shafi fararen hula. Ba za a iya yanke hukunci a waɗannan kotuna bisa ikirari kaɗai ba.

=== Hukuncin kisa ===
A halin yanzu dai dokar Isra'ila ta ba da damar yanke hukuncin kisa kan manyan laifukan da aka aikata a lokacin yaki, amma an soke shi a lokacin zaman lafiya. Laifukan da ake aikatawa a lokacin yaƙi sun haɗa da kisan kiyashi, laifuffukan da ake yi wa Yahudawa, laifuffukan cin zarafin ɗan adam, da laifukan yaƙi. Mutum daya tilo da aka taba yankewa hukuncin kisa bayan an same shi da laifi a wata kotun farar hula ta Isra’ila shi ne mai laifin yakin Nazi Adolf Eichmann .

=== 'Yancin fursunoni ===
B'Tselem ta ruwaito cewa an yi ta azabtar da mutanen da ba a zarginsu da aikata laifuka, wadanda suka hada da malaman addini, shehunai da malaman addini, masu fafutuka a kungiyoyin agaji, da daliban Musulunci. Sauran da za a azabtar da su sun hada da ’yan’uwa da sauran dangin mutanen da aka lissafa a matsayin wadanda ake so da kuma duk wani Bafalasdine a cikin aikin injiniya. A wasu lokutan kuma, an kama matan da ake tsare da su tare da wulakanta su don kara matsa wa mazajensu. Jami’an ISA a wasu lokutan suna azabtar da Falasdinawa domin daukar su a matsayin masu hada kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Background of the High Court of Justice's Decision |url=http://www.btselem.org/torture/background |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

B'Tselem ta kiyasta cewa ISA na yin tambayoyi tsakanin Falasdinawa 1,000 zuwa 1,500 a kowace shekara kuma tana amfani da hanyoyin da za su zama azabtarwa ga wasu kashi 85 cikin 100 na su, akalla mutane 850 a shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;/&gt;

[[Amnesty International]] ta kuma bayar da rahoton yin amfani da azabtarwa ga fursunonin Palasdinawa, tare da tsare-tsare, ba tare da shari'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Human rights in Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty ta ruwaito cewa an tsare Palasdinawa sama da 2,200 daga yankin Yammacin da aka mamaye a watan farko na Yaƙin Gaza na shekarar 2023. Bayanai da rikodin bidiyo sun nuna azabtar da fursunoni, gami da mummunan duka da wulakanci ga fursunoni.  Ta hanyar tilasta musu su sa kawunansu su kwanta, su durƙusa a ƙasa yayin ƙididdigar fursunoni&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=Israel/OPT: Horrifying cases of torture and degrading treatment of Palestinian detainees amid spike in arbitrary arrests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/11/israel-opt-horrifying-cases-of-torture-and-degrading-treatment-of-palestinian-detainees-amid-spike-in-arbitrary-arrests/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani rahoto na shekara ta 1978 daga karamin ofishin jakadancin da ke birnin Kudus ya bayyana shari’ar sojan da aka yi wa wasu matasa ‘yan kasar Amurka guda biyu wadanda suka ba da rahoton cewa mahukuntan Isra’ila sun yi amfani da karfin tuwo wajen samun ikirari daga wajensu. Rahoton ya kammala da cewa hukumomin Isra'ila na sane da cewa mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da &quot;tilastawa ta jiki da musgunawa&quot; wajen samun ikirari.

Hukumar Landau ta shekarar 1987, karkashin jagorancin mai shari'a Moshe Landau na Kotun Koli, an nada ta ne domin ta binciki hanyoyin tambayoyi na Hukumar Tsaron Isra'ila (ISA) kuma ta ce &quot;ba za a iya guje wa yin matsananciyar matsin lamba ba&quot;. Duk da haka, hukumar ta yi Allah wadai da wata takarda ta cikin gida ta shekarar 1982 wadda ta umurci masu yin tambayoyi kan irin karyar da ya kamata su yi a kotu lokacin da suke musanta cewa za su yi amfani da karfin jiki wajen samun ikirari. Ta yi Allah-wadai da shedar karya da abin ya shafa amma ta ba da shawarar a guji hukunta wadanda suka aikata ta. Sashi na biyu na rahoton Landau ya kasance sirri ne, an yi imanin cewa yana ɗauke da ƙa'idodin hanyoyin tambayoyi da aka halatta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Landau Commission examined interrogation methods |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/Torture/Background.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hukumar Landau ta kai ga daruruwan korafe-korafe da Falasdinawa da ake tsare da su suka yi na korafin cewa an yi amfani da karfi a kansu a lokacin da ISA ke yi musu tambayoyi. A cikin keɓantattun shari'o'i, an ba da umarnin wucin gadi na ɗan lokaci da ke hana ISA amfani da duka ko wasu hanyoyin, amma a watan Satumba na 1999, Kotun Koli ta ƙi yanke hukunci ko suna da doka a ƙarƙashin dokokin Isra'ila da na duniya.

A cikin 1994, Rahoton Kwanturolan Jiha (wanda aka fitar a taƙaitaccen tsari a cikin Fabrairu 2000) ya gano cewa hanyoyin tambayoyin ISA sun saba wa doka, ƙa'idodin Hukumar Landau, da ƙa'idodin cikin gida wanda sabis ɗin kansa ya tsara.

A watan Yulin shekarar 2002, ''Haaretz'' ya nakalto wani babban jami'in ISA yana cewa, tun lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke shawara, an bayyana Falasdinawa 90 a matsayin &quot;bamai masu saurin kai&quot; da kuma &quot;hanyar tambayoyi masu ban mamaki, &quot;watau azabtarwa, an yi amfani da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ha'aretz quoted a senior GSS official |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/torture/ |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran masu tambayoyin Isra'ila sun yarda cewa ISA &quot;tana amfani da duk wani magudi mai yiwuwa, har zuwa girgiza da bugawa. &quot; Yawancin bayanan daga Falasdinawa sun tabbatar da cewa azabtarwa har yanzu yana cikin tambayoyin Israʼila. 

According to a 2011 report by two Israeli human rights organisations, the Public Committee Against Torture (PCAT) and Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), Israeli doctors fail to report suspected torture and conceal related information, allowing Israeli Security Agency interrogators to use torture against Palestinian detainees.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harriet Sherwood |date=3 November 2011 |title=Israeli doctors 'failing to report torture of Palestinian detainees' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/03/israeli-doctors-report-torture-palestinian |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, wata doka ta ba da izinin tilasta ciyar da fursunoni masu fama da yunwa. Koyaya, Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Isra'ila ta bayyana dokar ba ta da kyau kuma ta bukaci likitoci da su ƙi aiwatar da ita.

==== Shirye-shiryen ilimi ====
Ana ba fursunoni damar ɗaukar darussan kan layi daga Open University of Israel, da kuma kammala digiri na ilimi. Wannan ba haƙƙin da aka ba shi ba ne amma fa'ida, dangane da halin kirki, tare da hukumomin kurkuku suna biyan kuɗin karatunsu na jami'a. Darussan suna cikin fannoni na: bil'adama, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, gudanarwa, ilimin halayyar dan adam da kimiyyar siyasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;knesset.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yaniv Ronen |date=28 November 2012 |title=לימודים אקדמיים של אסירים ביטחוניים |trans-title=Academic studies of security prisoners |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504160748/https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2015 |language=he}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar ita ce ta ba fursunoni kayan aiki don magance rayuwa a waje, don haka bayan an sake su daga kurkuku za su sami ilimi mai dacewa don taimaka musu samun aiki, da kuma hana su komawa rayuwar aikata laifuka.

==== Fursunoni na siyasa ====
A cikin shekarar 2011, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-Moon ya ce Isra'ila ta tsare dubban Palasdinawa a matsayin fursunonin siyasa, kuma ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta sake su. Ban ya ce sakin fursunonin siyasa zai &quot;yi aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar gina amincewa&quot; kuma ya bunkasa damar zaman lafiya a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 March 2011 |title=United Nations News Centre |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=37698&amp;Cr=palestin&amp;Cr1 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=UN News Service Section}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty International ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta saki fursunonin siyasa, tana mai cewa &quot;duk fursunonin siyasar da aka tsare ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba ya kamata a yi musu shari'a a shari'a ko kuma a sake su nan da nan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press Releases |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603062041/http://amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |archive-date=3 June 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

John Dugard ya kwatanta zaman kurkukun da Isra'ila ke yi wa Falasdinawa da manufofin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, yana mai cewa &quot;'Yan sandan tsaron wariyar launin fata sun aiwatar da azabtarwa sosai, haka ma jami'an tsaron Isra'ila. Akwai fursunonin siyasa da dama a tsibirin Robben amma akwai karin fursunonin siyasa na Falasdinawa a gidajen kurkukun Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=John Dugard |title=Apartheid and the occupation of Palestine |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/11/201111395153781378.html |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Tsayar da gudanarwa =====
Tsayawa na gudanarwa hanya ce da ake tsare fursunoni ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba. An ba da izinin hukunce-hukuncen ta hanyar umarnin gudanarwa daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Isra'ila ko kwamandojin soja na Isra'ila. [[Amnesty International]] ta yi imanin cewa aikin ya karya Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa wanda &quot;ya bayyana cewa babu wanda ya kamata a tsare shi da gangan kuma cewa hana 'yanci dole ne ya dogara da dalilai da hanyoyin da doka ta kafa&quot;. Amnesty International ta kuma damu da cewa fursunonin lamiri suna &quot;tsare ne kawai don yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya ba tare da tashin hankali ba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 1997 |title=Administrative detention: Despair, uncertainty and lack of due process |url=http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES\ISRAEL\OCCUPIED+TERRITORIES |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922021743/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES%5CISRAEL%5COCCUPIED%2BTERRITORIES |archive-date=22 September 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar B'Tselem a halin yanzu akwai Falasdinawa 645 da ke tsare a karkashin tsare-tsare ta Isra'ila da kuma 105 ta IDF. Yawancin ana kiyaye su a Yammacin Kogin Yamma a sansanin Soja na Ofer ko a sansanin soja na Ansar 3 / Ketziot a cikin hamadar Negev . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 July 2006 |title=Administrative Detention |url=http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824195154/http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |archive-date=24 August 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Shirye-shiryen ilimi a kurkuku don tsare-tsare =====
A shekara ta 2009, akwai fursunonin Palasdinawa 250 da ke karatu a Jami'ar Isra'ila. A watan Yunin shekarar 2011, Firayim Minista Benjamin Netanyahu ya sanar, don mayar da martani ga dakatar da tattaunawar zaman lafiya, cewa ba za a ba fursunonin Palasdinawa damar neman digiri na ilimi a kurkuku ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Barak Ravid |date=23 June 2011 |title=Netanyahu: Israel to toughen conditions of Palestinian prisoners |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/netanyahu-israel-to-toughen-conditions-of-palestinian-prisoners-1.369269 |access-date=16 May 2012 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshen shekara ta 2012, fursunoni uku sun daukaka kara ga Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya ki amincewa da roko. A cikin hukunce-hukuncen su, alƙalai sun bayyana cewa haƙƙin samun ilimi na jami'a kyauta bai shafi waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci na laifuffukan ta'addanci ba. Hukuncin, duk da haka, ya yi kira ga hukumomin kurkuku da su &quot;yi la'akari&quot; da yanke shawara game da shari'o'in fursunoni da suka riga sun kasance a tsakiyar shirye-shiryen ilimi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 December 2012 |title=Court: End of Free College for Terrorists |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/163549 |access-date=24 March 2014 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 'Yanci na magana da kafofin watsa labarai ===
[[Fayil:Israeli_Press_1949.jpg|thumb|Sashe na jaridu na Isra'ila a cikin 1949.]]
Censorship a Isra'ila ana gudanar da shi ne a hukumance ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila, wani sashi a cikin gwamnatin Isra'ila wanda aka ba shi aiki a hukumance don aiwatar da censorship na kariya game da buga bayanan da zasu iya shafar tsaro Isra'ila. Babban mai binciken Isra'ila ne ke jagorantar hukumar, jami'in soja wanda Ministan Tsaro na Isra'ila ya nada, wanda ya ba Babban mai binciken ikon hana bayanan da ya ga ya dace da kasancewa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aluf Benn |date=July–August 2001 |title=Israel: Censoring the past |url=http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619213158/http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences |publisher=University of Maryland}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=P.R. Kumaraswamy |date=September 1998 |title=India and Israel: Evolving Strategic Partnership |url=http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/publications/40pub.html |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Mideast Security and Policy Studies |publisher=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamar Shirin [[makaman nukiliya]] na Isra'ilawa da ayyukan soja na Isra'il a waje da iyakokinta. A matsakaici, labaran jarida 2240 a Isra'ila suna tantancewa ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila a kowace shekara, kusan 240 daga cikinsu a cikakke, kuma kusan 2000 a wani ɓangare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2021 |title=נתונים חדשים חושפים טפח מאחורי הקלעים של יחסי הצנזורה הצבאית והעיתונות הישראלית |url=https://www.the7eye.org.il/419412 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=העין השביעית |language=he-IL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dole ne a gabatar da labarai game da batutuwan da za su iya kawo rigima ga Mai binciken Sojojin Isra'ila a gaba; rashin yin hakan na iya sa mai ba da rahoto ya rasa damarsa na aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Isra'ila  kuma, game da manema labarai na ƙasashen waje, a hana shi daga ƙasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;BBCsorry&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2005 |title=BBC says sorry to Israel |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/mar/12/israel.broadcasting |website=the Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Matar |first=Haggai |date=2020-03-09 |title=IDF censor redacted two thousand news items in 2019 |url=https://www.972mag.com/idf-censor-israeli-media-2019/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=+972 Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=IDF Military Censor banned nearly 300 articles last year |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/idf-military-censor-banned-nearly-300-articles-last-year-562318 |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila, &quot;doka ta tanadi 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da 'yan jarida, kuma gaba daya gwamnati na mutunta wadannan hakkoki a aikace idan aka yi la'akari da takunkumin da ya shafi tsaro.&quot; Dokar ta tanadi 'yancin yin taro da ƙungiyoyi, kuma gabaɗaya gwamnati na mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a aikace.

Wasu jami'an gwamnati da wasu na sukar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da Isra'ila ke da shi a lokacin da suke gudun hijira daga [[zirin Gaza]] da yammacin kogin Jordan. Wannan ya haifar da sukar da ake cewa &quot;Hukumomi sun dauki matakan da ba su dace ba, tare da cin zarafin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da zanga-zangar siyasa ba tare da wani dalili ba.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;acri&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=ACRI Report Slashes Civil Rights Abuses and Privatization |url=http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060622145646/http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-date=22 June 2006 |access-date=28 July 2006 |website=Annual Report on Israel |publisher=The Association for Civil Rights in Israel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Isra'ila, manufofin gwamnatinta suna fuskantar zargi daga manema labarai da kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban na siyasa, haƙƙin ɗan adam da masu sa ido,   wadanda suka hada da Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI), B'Tselem, Machsom Watch, Mata a cikin Baƙar fata da Mata don Isra'ila Gobe. A cewar kungiyar 'yancin' yan jarida Reporters Without Borders, &quot;Kafofin yada labarai na Isra'ila sun sake kasancewa a cikin shekarar 2005 wadanda kawai ke da' yancin gaske don yin magana. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Israel – Annual report 2006 |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181318/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=12 August 2006 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, a cikin 2010, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da ke aiki a Isra'ila suka koka game da mummunan yanayi a kasar, kuma sun ce suna fuskantar hari saboda sukar manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyoyin sun ce wasu shugabannin Isra'ila suna ganin zargi da kare hakkin dan adam a matsayin barazana ga halattacciyar Isra'ila, musamman bayan Zargin laifukan yaki da sojojin Isra'ila game da Yakin Gaza (2008-09). 

A shekara ta 2009, Isra'ila ta kasance ta 93 a cikin Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index, daga shekarar da ta gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Reporters Without Borders – Press Freedom Index 2009 |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2013, Isra'ila ta sauka zuwa 112 daga cikin kasashe 179 a cikin Freedom Index na jarida. 'Yan jarida ba tare da iyaka ba sun bayyana cewa canjin ya faru ne saboda ayyukan Isra'ila a cikin Operation Pillar of Defense lokacin da ta ce &quot;Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila da gangan sun kai hari kan' yan jarida da gine-gine inda kafofin watsa labarai da ke da alaƙa da Hamas ke da mahalli&quot;. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta soki kama 'yan jarida na Palasdinawa da kuma tantancewar soja. Freedom House ta sanya Isra'ila a matsayin mai yanayin kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Sashi na 'yanci&quot; a cikin shekara ta 2009. A baya, Isra'ila ita ce kadai kasar da ke cikin yankin da ke da kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Free&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Press Freedom Rankings by Region 2009 |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&amp;year=2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) A cikin shekarar 2023, Isra'ila da kanta, ba tare da haɗa Gaza Strip ko Gabashin Urushalima ba, an jera su a matsayin &quot;Free&quot;,  yayin da Gaza Strip da West Bank suka kasance &quot;Ba Free ba&quot;.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israel: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/israel/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gaza Strip: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/gaza-strip/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=West Bank: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/west-bank/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2003, hukumar fim din Isra'ila ta haramta nuna fim din kasuwanci game da [[Jenin]]_(2002)&quot; id=&quot;mwAxM&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Battle of Jenin (2002)&quot;&gt;Yaƙin Jenin na 2002.  Fim din, ''Jenin, Jenin'' ne, tarin ganawa ne da mazaunan sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Jenin da aka yi fim a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2002, mako guda bayan yakin. Mohammad Bakri, Larabawa na Isra'ila, ya jagoranci fim din. An dakatar da fim din ne saboda zargin da ake yi na [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]] da Sojojin Isra'ila suka aikata, wanda hukumar ta yi la'akari da karya da cutar da iyalan sojoji. Bayan shari'ar shari'a, an shigar da takarda a Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya soke shawarar hukumar, kuma ya ba da izinin nuna fim din a cikin fina-finai &quot;don jama'a su yanke shawara&quot;, yayin da yake lura cewa fim din &quot;cike da ƙarya&quot;, ba fim ba ne, kuma an yi shi &quot;ba tare da bangaskiya ba&quot;, ta hanyar ƙarya yana nuna sojojin Isra'ila a matsayin &quot;mafi munin masu aikata laifuka&quot;.

A watan Janairun 2011, majalisar dokokin Isra'ila ta amince da wani kuduri na hannun dama na binciken wasu sanannun kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na Isra'ila saboda &quot;lalata&quot; sojojinta. Binciken zai haifar da bincike kan tallafin kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da dama wadanda suka soki manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila ta bayyana matakin a matsayin &quot;mummunan rauni&quot; ga demokradiyyar Isra'ila, kuma masu sukar manufofin sun yi wa manufar &quot;McCarthyist&quot;.

A cikin shekara ta 2015, Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta amince da manyan tanadi na dokar da ke haifar da sakamako ga waɗanda ke kira ga kauracewa Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye. Hukuncin ya haifar da muhawara, tare da wasu nuna rashin amincewa da shi yana kawo karshen 'yancin magana yayin da wasu ke cewa yana tabbatar da matsayin Isra'ila kan &quot;tsarin lalacewar BDS&quot; (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement). Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila sun yi korafi game da dokar, suna mai cewa ta keta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Magoya bayan dokar sun ce ta haramta &quot; nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin ƙasa&quot;.  &quot;Don cire kiran kauracewa daga rukunin 'yancin magana ba daidai ba ne&quot;, in ji Rabbi David Rosenn, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na New Israel Fund (NIF). &quot;Babu wani bangare na daban don magana wanda ke siyasa. Magana mafi mahimmanci shine siyasa, kuma ya kamata mutane su sami damar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ba tare da tsoron takunkumin gwamnati ba. &quot;

Dokar ta ba 'yan sanda damar iyakance tunzura ga tashin hankali ko kalaman ƙiyayya kuma ta haramta kiran mutane &quot;Nazis&quot; ko &quot;fascists&quot;. Dokar Rigakafin Ta'addanci ta hana bayyana goyon bayan kungiyar da ake ganin ta sabawa doka ko ta'addanci.

On 24 November 2024, Israel's government ordered a boycott of the newspaper ''Haaretz'' by government officials and anyone working for a government-funded body, and banned government advertising with the newspaper. According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''Haaretz'' &quot;had published a series of investigations of wrongdoing or abuses by senior officials and the armed forces, and has long been in the crosshairs of the current government.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2023, wani rahoto daga Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya nuna cewa Isra'ila ta kasance ta shida mafi girma a duniya don kama' yan jarida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israeli arrests of Palestinian journalists soared in 2023: CPJ |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/18/israeli-arrests-of-palestinian-journalists-soared-in-2023-cpj |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin Yaƙin Gaza, Falasdinawa sun bayyana cin zarafin soja a kan sakonnin kafofin sada zumunta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Molana-Allen |first=Leila |title=Palestinians describe harassment from Israeli forces over social media posts during war |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/palestinians-describe-harassment-from-israeli-forces-over-social-media-posts-during-war |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2024, Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya sanya Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasa ta biyu mafi muni a duniya don ba da damar masu kisan 'yan jarida su tafi ba tare da hukunta su ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Liam |title=Haiti, Israel ranked worst for securing justice in journalist killings |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/haiti-israel-ranked-worst-for-securing-justice-in-journalist-killings/7845113.html |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Voice of America}}&lt;/ref&gt;

; 'Yan Jarida Ba tare da iyakoki ba

Kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta fitar da rahoto na shekara-shekara kan 'yancin 'yan jarida a duniya, mai suna Index na 'Yancin Jarida. An fara buga irin wannan na farko a shekara ta 2002. Sakamakon da Isra'ila da Hukumar Falasdinawa ta samu daga 2002 zuwa yau an nuna su a ƙasa, tare da ƙananan lambobi suna nuna kyakkyawar kulawa ga 'yan jarida:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:1em auto;&quot;
!Shekara
!Isra'ila (Yankin Isra'ila) 
!Isra'ila (na waje) 
!Hukumomin Palasdinawa
!Mafi munin Shekara
!Rahoton URL
|-
|2002
|92
|Ba a bayyana ba
|82
|139
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213848/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|44
|146
|130
|166
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213853/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
|36
|115
|127
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220042227/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |archive-date=20 December 2008 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|47
|Ba a bayyana ba
|132
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429110315/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |archive-date=29 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|50
|135
|134
|168
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604161952/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |archive-date=4 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|44
|103
|158
|169
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421060910/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |archive-date=21 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|46
|149
|163
|173
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607100340/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |archive-date=7 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|93
|150
|161
|175
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Hakkin sirri ==
A cewar wani rahoto na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra'ila, &quot;[l] aws da ka'idoji sun tanadi kariya ga sirrin mutum da na gida. A cikin shari'o'in laifuka doka ta ba da izinin sauraron waya a karkashin umarnin kotu; a lokuta na tsaro dole ne ma'aikatar tsaro ta ba da oda.&quot;

== 'Yancin mata ==
Aure da saki suna karkashin ikon kotuna na addini ne, wanda a aikace yake haifar da tsangwama ga mata a cikin wadannan bangarori na shari'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta zartar da dokar da ta ba da kariya ga mata daga tashin hankalin gida. A shekarar 2022, mata 24 abokan aikinsu ko wasu ‘yan uwansu ne a cewar ‘yan sandan Isra’ila, inda aka ce an kashe mata 69 a Isra’ila a tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa watan Agusta shekarar 2022. 40 daga cikin wadannan matan Palasdinawa ne, fiye da rabin wadannan shari’o’in ‘yan sanda ba su warware ba. Akasin haka, an warware shari’ar kowacce daga cikin kisan gilla 29 na matan Yahudawa da Isra’ilawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci ga mata.

Mata a Isra'ila ba koyaushe aka tabbatar da daidaiton jinsi a bayyane ba. Kodayake sanarwar 'yancin kai ta Isra'ila ta bayyana cewa &quot;Jam'iyyar Isra'ila [...] za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na' yancin zamantakewa da siyasa ga dukkan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini ba, launin fata ko jima'i,&quot; wannan ji ba a ba da ikon tsarin mulki ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1948 |title=The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel |url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/general/declaration-of-establishment-state-of-israel |access-date=January 29, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, kotunan Isra'ila, a tsawon lokaci, sun bayyana cewa daidaito tsakanin jinsi shine &quot;ka'idar tsarin shari'a&quot; a Isra'ila، kuma mata sun ga mafi yawan shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a ta Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2021 |title=Equality, Religion and Gender in Israel |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/equality-religion-and-gender-in-israel |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 July 2021 |title=Israel Women's Network |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/israel-womens-network |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1969, Isra'ila ta zabi Golda Meir a matsayin firaminista kuma ta zama kasa ta hudu da mace ke rike da irin wannan mukami. A shekara ta 2010, wakilan majalisar mata a Isra'ila ya kai kashi 18 cikin 100, wanda ya zarce na kasashen Larabawa da kashi 6 cikin 100, daidai da na majalisar dokokin Amurka, kuma ya yi kasa da matsakaicin kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasashen Scandinavia.

Majalisar dokokin Isra'ila, The Knesset, ta kafa kwamitin kula da matsayin mata don magance 'yancin mata. Makasudin da aka bayyana na wannan kwamiti shine hana wariya, yaki da cin zarafin mata, da inganta daidaito a harkokin siyasa, abubuwan rayuwa da ilimi. A cikin 1998, Knesset ta zartar da wata doka don &quot;Rigaka da Cin Duri da Jima'i&quot;.

Wani rahoto na shekarar 2009 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ya ambaci matsalolin auren jama'a, agunot ('mata masu sarka) ba za su iya saki ba tare da izinin miji ba), da kuma hidimar addu'o'in jinsin jinsi a bangon Yamma.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Ana haɓaka haƙƙoƙin mata ta hanyar &quot;Kawo Mata A Gaba: Haɗin Kan Mata&quot;, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar Asusun Haɗin gwiwar Mata na Yahudawa. Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda bakwai a Isra'ila sune Cibiyar Adva, Ruhun Mata, Itach-Maaki: Lauyoyin Mata don Adalci na zamantakewa, Cibiyar Mahut, Cibiyar Mata ta Isra'ila (IWN), Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki ga Mata (EEW) da Achoti ('yar'uwa) ga Mata a Isra'ila.

=== Mata Larabawa a Isra'ila ===
Matan Larabawa-Isra'ila suna shiga cikin harkokin gwamnati da na jama'a. Hussniya Jabara ita ce mace Balarabiya ta farko da ta fara aiki a majalisar Knesset. Dangane da sashe na 15 na Ma'aikatar Jama'a [waɗanda] mata da Larabawa-Isra'ilawa suna da haƙƙin tabbatar da aiki a aikin ma'aikacin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=העדפה מתקנת בעבודה ובשירות הציבורי |url=http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201010211/http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |archive-date=1 February 2013 |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Moital.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ayyuka masu kyau ===
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan mata na Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Hakkin LGBT ==
Hakkin 'Yan tsiraru na jima'i a Isra'ila ana ɗaukar su mafi haƙuri a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=LGBT+ rights and issues in the Middle East |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9457/CBP-9457.pdf |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=Commons Library Research Briefing, 9 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake Isra'ila ba ta halatta auren jinsi ɗaya ba, auren jinsi ɗaya da ke aiki a ƙasashen waje an amince da shi bisa doka a Isra'ila. Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin 'yancin jama'a ga yawan masu luwadi, gami da' yancin tallafi da amfanin abokin tarayya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Walzer |first=Lee |date=21 February 2002 |title=Queer in the Land of Sodom |url=http://www.thegully.com/essays/gaymundo/020220_gay_israel_history.html |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=The Gully}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isra'ila kuma ta ba da matsayin aure na doka ga ma'aurata na cikin gida na jinsi ɗaya. Dokar sodomy da aka gada daga Mandate na Burtaniya na Falasdinu an soke ta a shekarar 1988, kodayake akwai umarni mai bayyanawa da Babban Lauyan Isra'ila ya bayar a shekarar 1953 wanda ya umarci 'yan sanda da su guji aiwatar da wannan dokar, muddin babu wasu laifuka da suka shafi. Dokar kare hakkin ɗan luwaɗi ta ƙasa ta haramta wasu nuna bambanci ga 'yan luwadi, gami da aiki; ana yin wasu keɓancewa ga ƙungiyoyin addini. A baya, aikin soja na masu luwadi yana ƙarƙashin wasu ƙuntatawa. An ɗaga waɗannan ƙuntatawa a cikin 1993, suna ba da damar masu luwadi su yi aiki a bayyane a duk sassan sojoji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Homosexual rights around the world |url=http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210062004/http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |archive-date=10 December 2005 |access-date=20 November 2011 |website=Gay Rights Info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Maris 2014, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da umarni da ke nuna cewa an haɗa aikin tiyatar jima'i a cikin tallafin kiwon lafiya da aka ba wa 'yan ƙasa. Duk da haka, a cikin watan Mayu Haaretz ya ruwaito cewa wata kungiyar kula da lafiya ta ki biyan kudin tiyatar canjin jima'i guda biyu, wanda ya haifar da kashe kudade masu yawa daga marasa lafiya. Wata rundunar LGBTI ta kasa ta gano cewa kashi 80 cikin 100 na masu canza jinsi, kashi 50 na 'yan madigo da kashi 20 cikin 100 na mazan luwadi ana nuna musu wariya yayin neman aikin yi.

== Hakkin ƙasa ==
Asusun yahudawa (JNF) yana iko da kashi 13% na ƙasar Isra'ila; wannan ƙasa an keɓe ta ne don amfanin Yahudawan Isra'ila keɓanta. Kasa da kashi 4% na ƙasar Isra'ila mallakar ƴan ƙasar Larabawa ne, duk da Larabawa da ke da kashi 20% na al'ummar ƙasar. An ɗauka gabaɗaya, kashi 93% na ƙasar a Isra'ila ana iko da ko dai ƙasar Isra'ila ko JNF; Ana kiran waɗannan ƙasashe a hukumance da &quot;ƙasashen Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Canje-canjen kwanan nan (wanda aka yi a cikin 2010) zuwa Dokar Kasa (Samun don Manufofin Jama'a) (1943), yana nufin tabbatar da ikon mallakar ƙasa na ƙasar da aka kwace daga Falasɗinawa (daga 1948 zuwa gaba) ta hanyar toshe iƙirarin Falasɗinawa na mallakar ƙasar da aka kwace a ƙarƙashin wannan doka, ko da a wuraren da ba a taɓa amfani da ita don dalilai na jama'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Cibiyar shari'ar Isra'ila Adalah ta bayar da rahoton cewa, &quot;A zahiri, an toshe Falasdinawa 'yan Isra'ila daga siye ko ba da hayar filaye a kusan kashi 80% na ƙasar Isra'ila bisa tushen ƙasarsu.&quot; Sakamakon, a cewarsu, shine &quot;mafi yawancin filayen gwamnati sun ƙunshi keɓaɓɓu, yankunan Yahudawa kaɗai.&quot; Adalah ya bayyana manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da ake aiwatar da keɓancewa daga mallakar filaye da amfani da su; ta hanyar abin da ake kira &quot;kwamitocin shiga&quot; da kuma ta hanyar abin da Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin manufofin nuna wariya na hukumomin jihohi da JNF.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Waɗannan kwamitocin shigar sun duba masu neman rukunin gidaje a garuruwan noma da al'umma a Isra'ila kuma sun haɗa da wani babban jami'i daga Ƙungiyar Sahayoniya ta Duniya ko Hukumar Yahudawa. Kusan garuruwa 700 a cikin Isra'ila (wanda ke lissafin kusan kashi 70% na duk garuruwan Isra'ila) suna da alaƙa da kwamitocin shiga. Sharuɗɗan da waɗannan kwamitocin suka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da ka'idojin dacewa, wanda Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin sabani da rashin gaskiya. Adalah ta ruwaito cewa ana tace Larabawa da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Isra'ila ta hanyar amfani da wannan ka'idojin dacewa. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Yahudawan Mizrahi da ƴan luwaɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, garuruwa da yawa a Isra'ila sun amince da dokoki da ke jaddada halayensu na Yahudawa, suna ƙayyade shigarwa cikin al'umma akan &quot;aminci ga hangen nesa na Zionist&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Nuna wariya ƙasar manufofin ne zuwa babban har kore da manufofin na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar ƙasar Isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin 1949 da 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF wakilan (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan ƙasar Isra'ila da ake kira manufofin ƙasa a cikin jihar 3. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan manufofin ya hana JNF ƙasar da za a ba wa waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

== Ƙananan kabilanci, dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci da shige da fice ==
Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu da Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan bambancin launin fata.

Nuna wariya ronu ne zuwa babban kore da tsofo na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da shekarar 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF rufi (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan Isra'ila a cikin iska daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin Isra'ila. hana JNF hadarin da za a ba wa koyarwa ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2009 |title=Gender and employment [Areas of work&amp;#93; |url=http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427190455/http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |archive-date=27 April 2009 |access-date=2010-07-22 |publisher=Ilo.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba ma'aikatan Larabawa a Ma'aikatu daban-daban &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Ma'aikatar
!% Ma'aikatan Larabawa 
|-
|Lafiya
|7.2
|-
|Ilimi
|6.2
|-
|Adalci
|3.9
|-
|Masana'antu, Ciniki da Aiki
|3.4
|-
|Sufuri
|2.3
|-
|Gidaje
|1.3
|-
|Kudi
|1.2
|}
Duk da Dokar Aiki (1998), kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah ta ba da rahoton cewa 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila suna fuskantar nuna bambanci a cikin damar aiki, albashi da yanayi. Adalah ta kuma ba da rahoton cewa jihar Isra'ila kanta (mafi girman ma'aikaci a Isra'ila) ba ta aiwatar da wannan dokar ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Misali, 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila da ke aiki a matsayin masu kwangila a cikin gyare-gyare a cibiyoyin ilimi na Isra'ilawa suna ƙarƙashin iyakancewa wanda Yahudawa Isra'ilawa ba sa ƙarƙashin su. Wannan ya haɗa da buƙatar dan kwangila ya hayar mai tsaro mai dauke da makami a wurin aiki a kan kuɗin kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khromchenko |first=Yulie |date=Mar 28, 2005 |title=Adalah Accuses Education Min. of Employment Discrimination |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240112202842/https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |access-date=12 Jan 2024 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila waɗanda mata ne, nakasassu, ko asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka suna da damar yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan Isra'ila na asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka, ko kuma masu nakasa, suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau game da shigar jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Council for Higher Education |url=http://che.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A1-1-%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%93.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=Che.org.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ייצוג הולם בשירות המדינה |url=http://www.csc.gov.il/DataBases/NewsLetters/NL19/Pages/AdequateRepresentation.aspx |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haramcin Wariya a Samfura, Sabis da Shiga Wuraren Nishaɗi da Wuraren Jama'a Dokar ta hana waɗanda ke gudanar da wuraren jama'a, ko ba da sabis ko samfura, don nuna bambanci saboda launin fata, addini, ƙasa, da ƙasar asali, da sauran dalilai. Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2010 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama ga Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye, dokokin Isra'ila sun hana nuna bambanci a kan launin fata, kuma gwamnati ta aiwatar da wadannan haramcin yadda ya kamata.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2010 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413173255/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |archive-date=13 April 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015 |publisher=US Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba Ayyuka ta Sashen da Kabilanci (2008) &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Aiki
!Ma'aikatan Larabawa (%) 
!Ma'aikatan Yahudawa (%) 
|-
|Gine-gine (maza) 
|28.4
|5.4
|-
|Ma'aikata marasa ƙwarewa
|14.6
|6.4
|-
|Ayyukan kasuwanci
|5.6
|14.3
|-
|Matsayi na gudanarwa
|2.3
|7.3
|-
|Bankin, inshora, da kudi
|0.8
|4.3
|}

=== 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila ===
Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta B'Tselem ta yi iƙirarin cewa an hana Larabawa a Urushalima haƙƙin zama, wanda ya haifar da karancin gidaje a yankunan Larabawa na Urushalima.

Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ta tuhumi cewa rage tallafin tsofaffi da kuma alawus-alawus na yara bisa aikin soji na iyaye na nuna wariya ga yaran Larabawa: &quot;Raguwar za ta kuma shafi 'ya'yan iyayen Yahudawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wadanda ba sa aikin soja, amma sun cancanci karin tallafin, gami da karin ilimi, wanda ba a samu ga yaran Larabawa na Falasdinu ba.&quot;

A cewar rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam ga Isra'ila da Yankunan da aka mamaye, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta yi &quot;ƙananan don rage nuna bambanci na hukuma, shari'a, da al'umma ga' yan ƙasar Larabawa&quot;.  Rahotanni na shekaru masu zuwa sun kuma gano nuna bambanci ga' yan asalin Larabawa a matsayin matsala ga Isra'ilawa, amma ba ta sake maimaita da'ila ta ba don rage nuna rashin nuna bambanci ba. 

Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam  ya lura cewa:

* Asusun Ƙasar Yahudawa (JNF) yana sarrafa kashi 12.5 cikin 100 na ƙasar jama'a amma dokokinta sun hana siyarwa ko hayar ƙasa ga waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba. A watan Oktoba, kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama sun shigar da kara ga Babban Kotun Shari'a suna da'awar cewa sanarwar da Gwamnatin Ƙasar Isra'ila (ILA) ta yi game da ƙasar JNF ta nuna bambanci saboda ta haramta Larabawa daga yin tayin. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2005, babban lauya ya yanke hukuncin cewa &quot;gwamnati ba za ta iya nuna bambanci ga Larabawa na Isra'ila a cikin tallace-tallace da rarraba ƙasashen da take sarrafawa ba, gami da na JNF.
* Kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na Isra'ila da Larabawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnati ta fi ƙuntatawa wajen bayar da izinin gini ga al'ummomin Larabawa da ƙalubalanci manufofin rushe gine-gine ba bisa ka'ida ba a bangaren Larabawa, yana iyakance ci gaban al'umma.
* &quot;A watan Yuni, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukuncin cewa barin garuruwan Larabawa daga wasu tsare-tsare na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na gwamnati na nuna wariya.
* An ƙalubalanci Tsarin Jagora na 1996 na Arewacin Isra'ila a matsayin wariya. Abubuwan da suka fi ba da fifiko sun haɗa da &quot;ƙara yawan Yahudawa na Galili da kuma toshe yanki na garuruwan Larabawa.&quot;
* Keɓe daga aikin soja na wajibi, yawancin Larabawa Isra'ila don haka ba su da damar samun dama fiye da sauran 'yan ƙasa zuwa fa'idodin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin wanda aikin soja ya zama buƙatu ko fa'ida, kamar gidaje, tallafin sabbin gidaje, da aikin yi, musamman aikin masana'antu na gwamnati ko na tsaro. Kwamitin Ivri kan yi wa kasa hidima ya ba da shawarwari a hukumance ga gwamnati cewa a ba wa Larabawa Isra'ila damar yin hidimar kasa.
* &quot;A bisa wani bincike da jami'ar Haifa ta gudanar a shekara ta 2003, akwai wani hali na sanya wa 'yan kasar Larabawa hukuncin dauri fiye da na Yahudawa. Masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama sun yi ikirarin cewa 'yan kasashen Larabawa sun fi fuskantar hukuncin kisa da kuma hana a bayar da belinsu.&quot;
* Rahoton hukumar Or Commission kan kisan ‘yan sanda na masu zanga-zangar Isra’ila da Larabawa ya gano cewa “sakamakon sakaci da wariya” gwamnati na tafiyar da bangaren Larabawa, tare da rabo ko albarkatun da bai dace ba wanda ke haifar da “mummunan wahala” daga al’umma. Abubuwan da ke nuna damuwa sun haɗa da talauci, rashin aikin yi, ƙarancin ƙasa, matsalolin ilimi, da nakasa abubuwan more rayuwa.

Rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila ya rubuta cewa: &quot;Gwamnati gaba daya tana mutunta hakkin 'yan kasarta; duk da haka, an sami matsaloli a wasu bangarori, ciki har da ... nuna wariya na hukumomi, shari'a, da kuma al'umma ga al'ummar Larabawa na kasar.&quot;

A cikin wani rahoto da ya mika wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bedouin ya yi ikirarin cewa suna fuskantar wariya kuma ba a daukarsu a matsayin 'yan kasa daidai a Isra'ila kuma ba a ba wa garuruwan Badouin hidima iri daya ba ko kuma filayen garuruwan Yahudawa masu girman gaske, kuma ba a ba su damar samun ruwa mai kyau. Birnin Be'er Sheva ya ki amincewa da wani wuri mai tsarki na Bedouin, duk da shawarar da Babbar Kotun ta bayar.

''Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2007 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam''  ya lura cewa:

* &quot;A cewar wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005 a Jami'ar Ibraniyawa, an kashe kuɗi sau uku a cikin ilimin yara Yahudawa kamar yadda yara Larabawa.&quot;

A watan Satumbar shekarar 2010, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta amince da gyare-gyare ga dokokin zama ɗan ƙasa na ƙasar. Shirin dokar ya tilasta wa duk wanda ke neman zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ya yi rantsuwa da &quot;Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasar Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot;. Larabawa na Isra'ila da kuma ƙungiyoyin hagu na Isra'ilawa ciki har da shugaban jam'iyyar adawa ta Kadima Tzipi Livni sun soki gyaran sosai. Masanin ilimin halayyar ilimi na Isra'ila Farfesa Gavriel Solomon ya ce rantsuwar aminci ta yi kama da Dokokin Nuremberg . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 October 2010 |title=Israeli academic: Loyalty oath resembles racist laws of 1935 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/israeli-academic-loyalty-oath-resembles-racist-laws-of-1935-1.318275 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magoya bayan gyaran sun bayyana cewa wadanda ba Yahudawa ba ne wadanda suka zama 'yan ƙasa suna buƙatar fahimtar cewa &quot;Jihar Isra'ila ita ce furcin kasa na ƙaddamar da kai na mutanen Yahudawa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2012 |title=Identifying with Israel's national character |url=http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-EdContributors/Article.aspx?id=190897 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isra'ila ta haramta 'yan ƙasa daga ziyartar ƙasashen abokan gaba ba tare da izini ba, ƙuntataccen tafiye-tafiye wanda, a cikin shekarar 2015, ya haɗa da Siriya, Iraki, Iran, Lebanon, Yemen, da Saudi Arabia. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah ta yi iƙirarin cewa wannan yana nuna bambanci ga 'yan asalin Larabawa da Isra'ila, kuma hukumomi ba su tsare Yahudawa ba bayan dawowa daga tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashe marasa izini kamar yadda suka yi da Larabawa Isra'ilawa. Har ila yau, an soki Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Isra'ila saboda nuna bambancin launin fata na 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah tana riƙe da jerin dokoki sama da 50 da take da'awar nuna bambanci ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. A cikin shekara ta 2015, an yi la'akari da launin fata na 'yan asalin Larabawa ta hanyar jami'an tsaro da sauran' yan ƙasa, da kuma hare-haren fansa a kan Larabawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2016&quot; /&gt;

Since the outbreak of the Gaza war, Israel has carried out mass arrests and detentions of Palestinians and Arab Israelis, with thousands arrested or detained in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories. On 5 November 2023, [[CNN]] reported that &quot;dozens&quot; of Palestinian residents and Arab citizens of Israel were arrested in Israel for expressions of solidarity with the civilian population of Gaza, sharing [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Quran]] verses, or expressing &quot;any support for the Palestinian people&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kottasová |first=Ivana |last2=Saifi |first2=Zeena |date=2023-11-05 |title='The reaction is extreme': Palestinians fear arrest if they voice sympathy for Gaza civilians |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/05/middleeast/palestinians-israel-fear-arrest-gaza-intl-cmd/index.html |website=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Haaretz'' described the widespread targeting of Arab Israelis by Israeli security forces. Referring to &quot;hundreds&quot; of interrogations, ''El País'' reported on 11 November that Israel increasingly treats its Arab minority as a &quot;potential fifth column&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pita |first=Antonio |date=2023-11-11 |title=Israel aumenta el cerco a su minoría árabe |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2023-11-11/israel-aumenta-el-cerco-a-su-minoria-arabe.html |website=El País |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ayyuka masu kyau ====
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau a cikin buƙatun shiga jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;/&gt;

=== Baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba da masu neman mafaka ===
Isra'ila jam'iyya ce ta jihar da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin [[Sudan]]_refugees_in_Israel&quot; id=&quot;mwBWo&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Sudanese refugees in Israel&quot;&gt;'yan gudun hijira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 April 2011 |title=Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b73b0d63.pdf |access-date=5 December 2012 |publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila suna la'akari da tsarin mafaka na Isra'ilawa da rashin adalci, kuma yawan amincewa da 'yan gudun hijira ya fi ƙasa da kashi 1%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Until our hearts are completely hardened, Report on asylum procedures in Israel, Hotline for Migrant Workers, April 2012 |url=http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018173547/http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga shekara ta 2003, kimanin baƙi 70,000 ba bisa ka'ida ba daga kasashe daban-daban na Afirka sun haye zuwa Isra'ila. Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 600 daga yankin Darfur na Sudan an ba su matsayin mazauna wucin gadi don sabuntawa kowace shekara, kodayake ba matsayin' yan gudun hijira na hukuma ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ACRI.org.il |url=http://www.acri.org.il/pdf/refugees0209en.pdf |access-date=25 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba da wasu 'yan gudun hijira 2,000 daga rikici tsakanin [[Eritrea]] da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] matsayin mazaunin wucin gadi a kan dalilai na jin kai, kodayake Isra'ila ta fi son kada ta gane su a matsayin' yan gudun hijira.

A cikin wani labari na shekarar 2012, ''Reuters'' ta ruwaito, &quot;Isra'ila na iya ɗaure baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba har zuwa shekaru uku a ƙarƙashin dokar da aka fara aiki a ranar Lahadi, wani jami'in Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ce, wani mataki da aka yi niyyar hana kwararar 'yan Afirka da ke shiga Isra'ila a kan iyakar hamada da Masar.  Ministan cikin gida Eli Yishai ya ce, &quot;Me ya sa muka yi rashin lafiya da zukata masu zubar da jini, gami da 'yan siyasa. Ayyuka za su zama mafi yawa a nan za su sa su zama jarirai, kuma wannan tayin ya sa Sudan ya fice su gudu zuwa duniya, kuma ya sa su zama mafi yawanci, kuma ya zama' yan gudun hijira za su gudu, kuma ya haifar da yawa, kuma ya fice ga Yesu Yesu ya sa suka fice, kuma ya fito da yawa, za su zama' yan kasa, kuma ya sami mafaka za su zama 'yan gudun hijira' yan gudunya suka ficececece' yan gudun

A karkashin Dokar Rigakafin Kutse ta 2014, duk masu ketare kan iyaka da ba bisa ka'ida ba an ayyana su a matsayin &quot;masu kutse&quot; kuma ana iya tsare su a gidan yarin Saharonim na tsawon watanni uku &quot;domin tantancewa&quot; sannan kuma watanni 12 a wurin Holhot mai nisa. Kamfanin dillancin labaran iqna ya habarta cewa, ya nakalto daga shafin sadarwa na yanar gizo na Hotline na ‘yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure cewa hukumomi sun mayar da fiye da rabin mutanen da ake tsare da su na Holot zuwa Saharonim har na tsawon watanni da dama saboda wasu laifukan da suka saba wa doka. A wasu jerin hukunce-hukuncen da kotun kolin ta yanke, ta yi watsi da cewa za a iya tsare bakin haure har abada, ta kuma ba da umarnin sakin bakin haure 1,178 'yan kasashen Eritrea da Sudan da ake tsare da su sama da shekara guda ba tare da tuhume su ba. Gwamnati ta hana wadannan masu neman mafaka daga Tel Aviv ko Eilat, inda za su kasance suna da al'ummomin tallafi da kuma samun damar yin ayyukan jin kai.

Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, tun daga shekarar 2011 yanayin 'yan gudun hijira a Isra'ila ya tabarbare &quot;saboda amincewa da manufofi da dokoki da nufin dakile masu neman mafaka a nan gaba ta hanyar yin wahala ga wadanda ke cikin kasar. Wadannan ayyuka sun kara tauye 'yancin jama'a da kuma karfafa barin kasar.&quot; Gwamnati za ta yi wahala a nemi izinin zama ɗan gudun hijira yayin da ake tsare da ita na tsawon shekara guda, kuma da zarar an sake shi za ta buƙaci masu neman su ba da hujjar rashin neman izini tun da farko. Ana kiran masu neman mafaka &quot;masu kutse&quot; ta gwamnati da kafafen yada labarai, wadanda ke danganta su da karuwar laifuka, cututtuka, da zaman banza.

=== 'Yan Afirka na Isra'ila ===
A cewar Jaridar BBC, Yahudawa na Habasha da ke zaune a Isra'ila sun daɗe suna gunaguni game da nuna bambanci. Sun gudanar da tarurruka bayan yarjejeniyar da masu mallakar gidaje a kudancin Isra'ila suka yi don kada su hayar ko sayar da dukiyarsu ga Yahudawa na asalin Habasha. Al'ummar Yahudawa na Habasha sun shiga cikin zanga-zangar bayan bidiyon da ya fito wanda ya nuna 'yan sanda biyu suna doke soja na Habasha da Isra'ila, Demas Fekadeh . &lt;ref name=&quot;clash&quot; /&gt; Duk da yake zanga-zangar da dubban masu zanga-zambe suka yi da farko ba ta da tashin hankali, rikice-rikice da 'yan sanda sun ci gaba. ACRI ta yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan sanda sun kasa gargadi masu zanga-zangar kafin yin amfani da matakan watsa jama'a, kuma amfani da su bai karu a hankali ba. Gwamnati ta sauke tuhumar da aka yi wa Fekadeh, ta kammala cewa bai fara rikici da ya haifar da duka ba.

== Ilimi ==
[[Fayil:GalilSchoolSign.jpg|thumb|Alama a gaban Makarantar Galil, makarantar firamare ta [[Larabawa]] da Yahudawa a Isra'ila.]]
Dokar Ƴancin Dalibai ta [[Isra'ila]] ta shekarar 2000 ta haramta nuna bambanci ga ɗalibai saboda dalilai na ɗarika a shigarwa ko fitarwa daga cibiyar [[ilimi]], a cikin kafa tsarin karatun daban-daban ko gudanar da azuzuwan daban-daban a cikin wannan cibiyar [[ilimi]] guda, da kuma haƙƙoƙi da wajibai na ɗalibai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=חוק זכויות התלמיד באנגלית – Pupils' Rights Law |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/Zchuyot/ChukimVeamanot/Chukim/PupilsRightsLaw |access-date=16 May 2010 |publisher=Cms.education.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Kotun Koli]] ta Isra'ila ta aiwatar da wannan dokar, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar daga iyalan Orthodox waɗanda suka ki tura ƴaƴansu zuwa makarantu masu haɗin kai.
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

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An bayyana Isra'ila a cikin Sanarwar cewa 'yancin kai a matsayin &quot;jaha ta Yahudawa&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Avalon Project : Declaration of Israel's Independence 1948 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Avalon.law.yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; - an karɓi ma'anar doka &quot;Jiha ta Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot; a shekara ta 1985. Baya ga yawancin Yahudawa a yankin ban da [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Yankunan Palasdinawa]] da aka mamaye, Isra'ila gida ce ga 'yan tsiraru na addini da kabilanci, wasu daga cikinsu suna ba da rahoton nuna bambanci. A cikin yankunan Palasdinawa, Gwamnatocin Isra'ila da suka biyo baya sun fuskanci zargi na kasa da kasa daga wasu ƙasashe da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da na cikin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=Israel's apartheid against Palestinians |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Amnesty International]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shakir |first=Omar |date=2021-04-27 |title=A Threshold Crossed |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution |journal=[[Human Rights Watch]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Apartheid |url=https://www.btselem.org/topic/apartheid |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[B'Tselem]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ארכיון Settler Violence |url=https://www.yesh-din.org/en/category/settler-violence/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Yesh Din]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗaya daga cikin Dokokin Ƙananan na Isra'ila, wanda aka nufa don zama tushen kundin tsarin mulki na gaba,  Dokokin Ƙarshen: Darajar Dan Adam da 'Yanci, babban kayan aiki ne don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da' yancin jama'a a Jihar Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gavison |first=Ruth |year=1985 |title=The Controversy over Israel's Bill of Rights |journal=Israel Yearbook of Human Rights |volume=15 |pages=113–154}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah sun nuna cewa wannan dokar ba ta ƙunshi tanadi na gaba ɗaya don daidaito da rashin nuna bambanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inequality Report: The Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel - Adalah |url=https://www.adalah.org/en/content/view/7404 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.adalah.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, sun bayar da rahoton take hakkin bil'adama da kasar Isra'ila ke yi, musamman kan wasu tsiraru. Wadannan rahotanni sun hada da take hakkokin Falasdinawa, na ciki da wajen Isra'ila da kuma wasu kungiyoyi a Isra'ila.

Freedom House ya bayyana Isra'ila a matsayin 'yanci na siyasa da dimokuradiyya fiye da kasashe makwabta a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 January 2013 |title=US watchdog: Israel is Mideast's only 'free' state |url=https://www.jpost.com/National-News/US-watchdog-Israel-is-Mideasts-only-free-state |access-date=21 August 2018 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar na shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, Isra'ila na fuskantar manyan matsalolin kare hakkin bil'adama game da nuna wariya ga hukumomi a kan al'ummar Larabawa na Isra'ila (da yawa daga cikinsu suna bayyana kansu a matsayin Falasdinu), 'yan Isra'ila da mata na Habasha, da kuma kula da 'yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure. Sauran matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam sun haɗa da nuna wariyar hukuma ga Yahudawa waɗanda ba 'yan Orthodox ba da kuma iyalai masu aure, da cin zarafin ma'aikata a kan ma'aikatan kasashen waje.

== Tarihi ==
Majalisar Tarayyar Al'ummai ta amince da ƙuduri a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1931 game da yanayin da ake buƙata kafin a kawo ƙarshen mulkin. Sabuwar gwamnati ta samar da wata sanarwa ta baki ko rubuce-rubuce da ta amince da karɓar wajibin tabbatar da daidaito na kabilanci da addinai. Wannan ƙuduri ya biyo bayan tsohuwar doka ta duniya a lokuta inda manyan iko suka taimaka wajen maido da ikon mallakar yankin. Ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan &quot;Gwamnatin Falasdinu ta nan gaba&quot; ya ƙunshi duka shirin rabuwa da Shirin Kare Ƙananan .  Ya sanya 'yan tsiraru, mata, da' yancin addini a ƙarƙashin kariya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya. Shirin ya ba da takamaiman tabbacin haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali. Sabbin jihohin sun samar da sanarwa, wanda bisa ga abin da ya gabata ya yi daidai da yarjejeniya.&lt;ref&gt;See International Human Rights in Context, Henry J. Steiner, Philip Alston, Ryan Goodman, Oxford University Press US, 2008, {{ISBN|0-19-927942-X}}, page 100&lt;/ref&gt; Kudin ya bayyana cewa &quot;ka'idojin da ke cikin sanarwar an gane su a matsayin manyan dokoki na Jiha, kuma babu wata doka, ka'ida ko aikin hukuma da za su saba wa ko tsoma baki da waɗannan ka'idojin, kuma babu wani doka, ka-idaita ko aikin hukumi da zai mamaye su&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, November 29, 1947, C. Declarations |url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029150108/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |archive-date=29 October 2006 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanarwar kafa kasar Isra'ila ta yi shelar, a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1948, cewa &quot;haƙƙin Yahudawa na sake haifuwa na ƙasa a cikin ƙasarta&quot; an amince da shi a cikin sanarwar Balfour na 2 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1917, kuma an sake tabbatar da shi a cikin Umurnin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya wanda, musamman, ya ba da izini na kasa da kasa da Isra'ila ga Isra'ila da Isra'ila. hakkin Yahudawa na sake gina Gidansa na Ƙasa.&quot; Har ila yau, ta ayyana cewa kasar &quot;za ta kasance a bude don hijirar Yahudawa da kuma tattara 'yan gudun hijirar; za ta bunkasa ci gaban kasar don amfanin dukan mazaunanta; za ta kasance bisa 'yanci, adalci da zaman lafiya kamar yadda annabawan Isra'ila suka tsara; za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na zamantakewa da 'yancin siyasa ga dukan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini, addini ko jinsi ba; za ta ba da tabbaci ga harshe, yanci ko jinsi; kiyaye Wurare Mai Tsarki na dukan addinai; kuma zai kasance da aminci ga ƙa'idodin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.&quot;

Wasu malaman Burtaniya suna jayayya cewa Isra'ila ba ta cika wajibinta na kare haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru ba.&lt;ref&gt;Yvonne Schmidt, &quot;Foundations of Civil and Political Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories&quot;, GRIN Verlag, 2008, {{ISBN|3-638-94450-6}}, page 98&lt;/ref&gt;

Asalin Dokar Isra'ila: Mutuncin Dan Adam da 'Yanci, ya ce muhimman haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Isra'ila za a kiyaye su bisa ga ƙa'idodin da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar, amma ta keɓance musamman dokar da ta riga ta fara aiki. Masana harkokin shari'a na Isra'ila sun ce an yi amfani da kalmomin dokar ne don guje wa wahalar ba da fifiko ga daidaito, wanda ba a san shi ba. Sakamakon shi ne cewa za a iya jujjuya ƙa'idar daidaito ta hanyar doka ta yau da kullun, kuma ba za ta yi watsi da ka'idodin doka ko na alƙalai ba.

== Matsayi na 'yanci,' yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a a Isra'ila ==

=== 'Yancin zama ɗan ƙasa ===
Dokar kasa ta Isra'ila da Dokar Komawa, sun bambanta tsakanin Yahudawa Isra'ilawa da Falasdinawa Isra'ilawa ta hanyar sabunta ra'ayi na kasa yahudawa da ke bambanta da zama dan kasar Isra'ila. Duk da take, Dokar Ƙasa ba ta kafa ra'ayin ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ba, a maimakon haka tana danganta ɗan ƙasa da alaƙar addini.

Dokar Kasa ta ba da izinin Palasdinawa su zama 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila ne kawai idan sun kasance (ko kuma zuriyar waɗanda ke wurin) a Isra'ila tsakanin shekarar 1948 da shekarar 1952. Wadannan ƙuntatawa sun cire duk waɗanda aka kore su ko waɗanda suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 da zuriyarsu. Dokar Komawa ta tabbatar da haƙƙin kowane [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ya yi ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ta atomatik. Falasdinawa da zuriyarsu waɗanda aka kore su ko suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 an hana su wannan haƙƙin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Dokar zama dan kasa da shiga cikin Isra'ila (2003) ta hana Falasdinawa daga yankunan Falasdinawa da aka mamaye 'yancin samun matsayin zama na Isra'ila ko zama dan kasa, ko da a lokuta da suka yi aure da 'yan Isra'ila. Wannan haramcin ya ta'allaka ne kan dan kasa ba kan wani lamari na tsaro ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2008, Knesset ta amince da Dokar zama ɗan ƙasa (gyara Lamba 9) (Ikon soke zama ɗan ƙasa) (2008), wanda ke ba da damar soke zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila bisa ga &quot;cin amana&quot;. Musamman ma, keta amana na iya haɗawa da aikin zama a wasu ƙasashen Larabawa ko musulmi ko yankin Gaza. Wannan doka ta halatta soke zama ɗan ƙasa a kan haka ba tare da an yanke masa hukunci ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

=== Hakki da 'yanci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka yi ===
Binciken da Freedom House mai hedkwata a Amurka ya gudanar a shekara ta 2013, wanda ke kokarin auna irin dimokuradiyya da 'yancin siyasa a kowace kasa, ya sanya Isra'ila tare da Tunisiya a matsayin kasa daya tilo da ke da 'yanci a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;/&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''Rarrabawar Isra'ila, da yankunan da ta mamaye, ta Freedom House, The Economist Intelligence Unit da Transparency International'''
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
!Kasar / Ƙungiya - NGO
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Gidan 'Yanci
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sashin leken asiri na tattalin arziki
!Bayyanawa ta Duniya
|-
!Rahoton-Ranking
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'Yanci a Duniya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lissafin Dimokuradiyya
!Rashin fahimta na cin hanci da rashawa
|-
!
!Rarraba 'yanci, Wani bangare na 'yanci&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;'Yanci'&lt;/span&gt;, Wani ɓangare na' Yanci, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Ba 'Yanci ba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
![[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|'Yancin siyasa]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[Ƴancin Jama'a|'Yancin Jama'a]]&lt;br /&gt;
!Dimokuradiyya Rarraba Dimokuradiya Cikakken Dimokuradiyar, Dimokuradiyan da ba su da kyau, Tsarin Mulki&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Cikakken dimokuradiyya&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#cfc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Dimokuradiyya mara kyau&lt;/span&gt;, Tsarin Mulki na Hybrid, Tsarin Mulki&lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Tsarin mulki na mulkin mallaka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!Cikakken Sakamakon
!Ra'ayoyin cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Isra'ila
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |'Yanci'
|1
|2
| style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot; |Dimokuradiyya mara kyau
|7.79
|6.0
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |Ba 'Yanci ba
|6
|6
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|}

; Bayani
:

* Ta hanyar Freedom House 2009 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Map of Freedom in the World |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&amp;year=2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ga 'yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a, 1 yana wakiltar mafi kyawun kyauta kuma 7 mafi ƙarancin kyauta.
* Bisa ga The Economist Intelligence Unit 2010 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Democracy Index 2010 |url=http://graphics.eiu.com/PDF/Democracy_Index_2010_web.pdf |access-date=2 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cikakken dimokuradiyya suna da jimlar 10 zuwa 8, dimokuradiyar da ba ta dace ba tana da jimlar 7.9 zuwa 6, gwamnatocin haɗin gwiwa suna da jimillar 5.9 zuwa 4, kuma gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna da jimla daga 3.9 zuwa 1. Matsayin dimokuradiyya ya fi girma yayin da ci ya karu.
* Dangane da ƙididdigar cin hanci da rashawa ta duniya ta shekara-shekara,  ci ya kasance daga 10 (mai tsabta) zuwa 0 (mai cin hanci).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=2008 Corruption Perceptions Index |url=http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311002755/http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |archive-date=11 March 2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |website=Transparency International Annual Report |publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun soki gwamnatin Isra'ila saboda kai hari ga kungiyoyin farar hula da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila (ACRI), babbar kungiyar 'yancin jama'a ta Isra'ila, jerin kokarin gwamnatin Isra'ila a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun kai hari kan kungiyoyin fararen hula na Isra'ila da Kotun Koli na Isra'ila. Rahoton ACRI na Disamba 2017 ya gabatar da abin da yake kallo a matsayin misalan harin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ci gaba da kai wa dimokuradiyyar Isra'ila, 'yancin ɗan adam, 'yancin yin zanga-zanga, mutunta kimar daidaici, da 'yancin siyasa, zamantakewa da 'yan tsiraru. Wannan yanayin a Isra'ila an kira shi &quot;rashin bin tsarin mulki&quot; ta wasu masu sharhi na shari'a.

=== Zaben, jam'iyyun siyasa, da wakilci ===
A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan Isra'ila, &quot;Dokar ta bai wa 'yan kasar damar zabar gwamnatinsu a zabukan lokaci-lokaci na 'yanci da adalci bisa tsarin zabe na bai daya, kuma 'yan kasar sun yi amfani da wannan damar.&quot; Zaɓen da aka gudanar a watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2015 an yi la'akari da shi cikin 'yanci da adalci a wurin masu sa ido. An soki sauyin da aka yi a matakin zabe da cewa ya takaita wakilcin kananan jam’iyyu, musamman ma da ke shafar tsirarun Larabawa. Wannan ya sa jam'iyyu hudu masu rinjaye na Larabawa suka hade waje daya, wato Joint List, wanda ya samu kujeru 13, ya kuma zama bangare na uku mafi girma a majalisar Knesset. Galibin Falasdinawa a yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye na rayuwa ne a karkashin mamayar Isra'ila kuma ba 'yan kasar Isra'ila ba ne. Ba a yarda su kada kuri'a a Isra'ila ba.

Doka ta asali: Knesset (1958) da gyare-gyaren da suka biyo baya sun hana jerin jam'iyyun tsayawa takara a majalisar Knesset idan manufofinta ko ayyukanta sun hada da &quot;kyau da wanzuwar kasar Isra'ila a matsayin kasar Yahudawa&quot;. Cibiyar shari'a ta Isra'ila Adalah ta bayyana cewa &quot;wannan dokar ta hana yin amfani da 'yancin yin siyasa cikin 'yanci, ciki har da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da shiga siyasa. Ana amfani da ita sau da yawa don ƙoƙarin hana jam'iyyun siyasa na Larabawa da 'yan majalisar dokoki don neman canza yanayin kasa ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, alal misali, zuwa wata ƙasa da ta dogara da cikakken daidaito na farar hula da na kasa wanda ba ya ba da fifiko ga wata ƙungiya ta kasa fiye da ɗayan, har ma da toshe muhawara kan irin waɗannan shawarwari.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Mata sun fuskanci manyan matsalolin al'adu a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa masu wakiltar ƙungiyoyin addini masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma, a ƙaramin mataki, tsirarun Larabawa. A zaben 2015, Knesset mai mambobi 120 na da mambobi mata 29 da mambobi Larabawa 15. An nada mata uku a majalisar ministocin, kuma a karon farko, wata Balarabe Isra'ila ta jagoranci wani kwamiti na dindindin.

=== 'Yanci na addini ===
[[Fayil:Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg|left|thumb|Ganuwar Yamma, [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]]]]
Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2009 kan Isra'ila da yankunan da ta mamaye, &quot;Dokar Isra'ila ta Bada 'Yanci da Mutunci da 'Yanci ta tanadi 'yancin yin ibada kuma gabaɗaya Gwamnati na mutunta wannan hakki a aikace.&quot; Rahoton ya kara da cewa &quot;Manufar gwamnati ta ci gaba da goyon bayan gudanar da harkokin addini na 'yanci, duk da cewa ana ci gaba da nuna wariya na gwamnati da na shari'a ga wadanda ba Yahudawa ba da kuma na addinin Yahudanci ba&quot; kuma &quot;Yahudawa da yawa 'yan kasar sun ki amincewa da ikon Orthodox na keɓance kan muhimman al'amuran rayuwarsu.&quot; Rahoton ya bayyana cewa kimanin ‘yan kasar 310,000 da suka yi hijira zuwa Isra’ila a karkashin dokar komowa, ba mabiya addinin Orthodoks ke daukar Yahudawa ba, don haka ba za a iya aure ko a sake su ba, ko kuma a binne su a makabartun Yahudawan da ke cikin kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite report|last1=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan samun iko da Yammacin Kogin a shekarar 1967, Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin musulmi damar shiga masallatai, gami da [[Al-Aqsa]], da kuma damar Kirista zuwa majami'u. Isra'ila ta ba da kariya ga wuraren addini na addinan da ba na Yahudawa ba; mafi shahararren Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila (IDF) sun kama wani mutum wanda ya sanar da su shirinsa na kai hari Masallacin Al-Aqsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2006 |title=Police arrest J'lem rabbi who threatened to carry out terror attack on Temple Mount |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/770846.html |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu lokuta, bukukuwan kwanaki masu tsarki ta addinai daban-daban suna da damar haifar da rikici; don haka 'yan sanda na Isra'ila suna daukar matakai don kauce wa rikici tsakanin al'ummomi ta hanyar bayar da ƙuntatawa na wucin gadi kan motsi  da bautar da ake ji. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 September 2006 |title=Restrictions on Old City Jews During Ramadan – Inside Israel – Israel News |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=112595 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar wani rahoto na shekara ta 2009 daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Ofishin Demokraɗiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam, da Kwadago, Isra'ila ta gaza kasancewa al'umma mai juriya ko jam'i. A cewar rahoton, Isra'ila na nuna wariya ga Musulmai, Shaidun Jehobah, Yahudawa masu kawo sauyi, Kirista, mata da kuma Badawiyya. Dukkan wurare 137 masu tsarki da Isra'ila ta amince da su Yahudawa ne, suna yin watsi da kuma yin watsi da wuraren Kirista da na Musulmi, duk da Dokar Kare Wuraren Tsarkakewa ta 1967 da aka yi niyya don kare dukkan wurare masu tsarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 February 2009 |title=2008 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226174854/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |archive-date=26 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=[[US Department of State]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Baha'i|Bangaskiyar Bahá'í]] (a cikin 1960) tana kula da wurin zama na hukumomin su, Gidan Shari'a na Duniya, a Haifa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Baháʼí World Centre |url=http://www.bahai.org/dir/bwc |access-date=31 July 2006 |publisher=[[Baháʼí International Community]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] yana aiki a matsayin addini a Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Diamond Way Buddhism in Israel |url=http://www.buddhism.org.il/?newlang=english |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Diamond Way Buddhism}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Buddhanet's Middle East Buddhist Directory: Israel |url=http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm#israel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627120448/http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm |archive-date=27 June 2006 |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta wallafa nazarin tashin hankali na zamantakewa ta ƙasa. Cibiyar Hostilities Index (SHI) tana auna ayyukan ƙiyayya ta addini ta mutane, ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyin jama'a. &quot;Wannan ya haɗa da taron jama'a ko tashin hankali na ɗarika, cin zarafi kan tufafi saboda dalilai na addini, da sauran tsoratar da addini ko cin zarafi. &quot;  A cikin shekarar 2007, Isra'ila tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 10 da ke da maki sama da 7.1 a sikelin 10; a cikin 2010, Isra'ila da yankunan Palasdinawa sun kasance biyu daga cikin yankuna 15 da ke da mafi girman ƙimar SHI.&lt;ref name=&quot;pewforum.org&quot; /&gt;

=== Dokokin aure da saki ===
Ma'aurata da ke son yin aure na iya yin hakan ne kawai ta hanyar bikin addini, idan Yahudawa, [[Aure a Musulunci|Musulmi]], Kirista, ko wasu. Ma'aurata marasa addini, tun daga shekara ta 2014, na iya samun wani nau'in auren farar hula a Isra'ila, kuma su sami [[Relationships Card|Katin Dangantaka]] ta sabuwar kungiyar da ke canza matsayinsu ga ma'aurata, kuma suna ba su duk hakkokin da suka fito daga gare ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=רשומות הכנסת, קובץ התקנות, 7326, הודעת ברית הזוגיות לחסרי דת (אגרות), התשע&quot;ד-2014. עמוד 486. |url=http://www.justice.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/97DAEDE3-9271-40E7-ADF9-4C91058FAF75/42863/7326.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=משפחה חדשה |url=http://www.news1.co.il/uploadFiles/543728053569794.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=News1.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2014 |title=לראשונה: תעודת הזוגיות של &quot;משפחה חדשה&quot; הוכרה כנישואים |url=http://www.mako.co.il/pride-news/local/Article-bf5f377c4709a41006.htm |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Mako.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aure na doka na yau da kullun yana ba ma'aurata hakkoki iri ɗaya da ma'auratan ke morewa. 'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila na iya tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje don auren farar hula, wanda ke da alhakin a ƙarƙashin dokar Isra'ila.

A lokacin Al-Aqsa Intifada a shekara ta 2003, Knesset ta yi gyare-gyare na wucin gadi ga Dokar 'yan kasa da shiga cikin Dokar Isra'ila wanda ya hana Palasdinawa da suka yi aure ga Isra'ilawa samun'ila ko zama. Masu sukar suna jayayya cewa dokar wariyar launin fata ce saboda an yi niyya ne ga Larabawa na Isra'ila waɗanda ke da yiwuwar samun ma'aurata Palasdinawa fiye da sauran Isra'ilawa; masu kare sun ce dokar tana da niyyar hana hare-haren ta'addanci da kiyaye halin Yahudawa na Isra'ilawa. Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambanci tsakanin launin fata ya amince da ƙuduri cewa dokar Isra'ila ta keta yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya game da wariyar launin fata. Jakadan Isra'ila a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva, [[Yaakov Levy]], ya ce ƙudurin &quot;ya kasance mai zurfi na siyasa&quot;, yana mai nuna rashin nasarar kwamitin na ba da buƙatar Isra'ila don gabatar da shaidar &quot;biyan dokar da ke cikin dokar kasa da kasa da kuma aiki&quot;, misalai na &quot;batutuwa masu yawa [inda] ba da matsayin doka ga matan Palasdinawa na mazaunan Isra'ila  yi amfani da shi da mazaunan Palasdinawa don Ta'addanci na kashe kansa&quot;, da kuma watsi da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Turai batun ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Babban Kotun Isra'ila.[was]

Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI) ta shigar da takarda don a soke dokar  amma Kotun Koli ta amince da ita a shekara ta 2006.  A cikin tsara dokar, gwamnati ta ambaci, &quot;bayanan da jami'an tsaro suka gabatar, wanda ya ce kungiyoyin ta'addanci suna ƙoƙarin tattara Palasdinawa waɗanda suka riga sun karɓi ko za su karɓi takardun Isra'ila kuma cewa jami'an tsaron suna da wahalar rarrabe tsakanin Palasdinawa da za su iya taimaka wa 'yan ta'adda da waɗanda ba za su ba&quot;. A cikin hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila game da wannan al'amari, Mataimakin Babban Alkalin Shari'a Mishael Cheshin ya yi jayayya cewa, &quot;yan ƙasar Isra'ila  jin daɗin haƙƙin tsarin mulki don kawo ɗan ƙasar waje zuwa Isra'ila... kuma haƙƙin - ƙari, wajibi ne - na jihar, na kowace jiha, don kare mazaunanta daga waɗanda ke son cutar da su. &quot;

A shekara ta 2009, Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka na Dimokuradiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ayyuka sun soki rashin auren farar hula da saki a Isra'ila ga baƙi waɗanda ba a dauke su Yahudawa a ƙarƙashin dokar rabbi ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Human rights activists have criticised Israel's stay of exit order, saying it unfairly targets divorced men by preventing them from leaving the country indefinitely until they settle the full child support arrears of their children until age 18. While this could easily amount to obligations in the millions of US dollars, even a US$100 debt can trigger a stay of exit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CCF Israel Report of the Israeli Civil Society |url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=tbinternet.ohchr.org |publisher=ccfisrael.org |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106020129/https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The men are required to pay 100% or more of their income, and are jailed for 21 days each time they miss a monthly payment. In 2021, it was reported that an Australian man who was divorced from his Israeli wife was detained from leaving the country in 2013, with the stay of exit being in force until 31 December 9999, or until he paid $3 million in child support arrears. Marianne Azizi, British journalist and head of Coalition of the Children and Families in Israel (CCF), estimated that hundreds more Australians were trapped in the country as a result of the stay of exit. She had been informed by British Embassy officials in Tel Aviv that 100 British nationals per month had been reaching out to them for help in getting out of the country.&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian&quot; /&gt;

A watan Maris na 2019, Azizi ta ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu a Geneva game da take hakkin dan Adam da ta ci gaba da kasancewa sakamakon kai tsaye sakamakon ka'idojin tallafawa yara kanana a Isra'ila, tana mai cewa &quot;... Rayuwar ubanni sama da 2,000 a kashe kansu yana da tsada&quot;. Ta ce Isra'ilawa ba sa bayar da rahoton take hakin bil'adama saboda tsoron &quot;sakamako&quot;, kamar yadda wasu masu fafutuka suka kwace musu 'ya'yansu. Lauyan Mickey Givati, wanda ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya ya ba shi izinin taimakawa baki daga Isra'ila, ya shaida cewa an sanya na'urorin bin diddigin a cikin motarsa da gidansa da kuma wayarsa, kuma an ajiye 'ya'yansa a wani matsuguni ba bisa ka'ida ba.

=== Tsarin shari'a da shari'ar aikata laifuka ===
Dokar Isra'ila ta tanadi 'yancin yin shari'a ta gaskiya da kuma shari'a mai zaman kanta. Rahoton da Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra’ila ya nuna cewa a wasu lokuta kotuna suna yanke hukunci a kan bangaren zartarwa, ciki har da wasu shari’o’in tsaro. Kungiyoyin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam sun yi imanin ana mutunta wadannan bukatu gaba daya. Tsarin yana da adawa kuma ƙwararrun alkalai ne ke yanke hukunci. Wadanda ake tuhuma marasa galihu suna samun wakilci na tilas. Wasu yankunan kasar na karkashin ikon shari'a daban-daban na kotunan soji. An yi imanin cewa waɗannan kotuna sun yi daidai da sauran kotunan laifuka na Isra'ila kan batutuwan da suka shafi fararen hula. Ba za a iya yanke hukunci a waɗannan kotuna bisa ikirari kaɗai ba.

=== Hukuncin kisa ===
A halin yanzu dai dokar Isra'ila ta ba da damar yanke hukuncin kisa kan manyan laifukan da aka aikata a lokacin yaki, amma an soke shi a lokacin zaman lafiya. Laifukan da ake aikatawa a lokacin yaƙi sun haɗa da kisan kiyashi, laifuffukan da ake yi wa Yahudawa, laifuffukan cin zarafin ɗan adam, da laifukan yaƙi. Mutum daya tilo da aka taba yankewa hukuncin kisa bayan an same shi da laifi a wata kotun farar hula ta Isra’ila shi ne mai laifin yakin Nazi Adolf Eichmann .

=== 'Yancin fursunoni ===
B'Tselem ta ruwaito cewa an yi ta azabtar da mutanen da ba a zarginsu da aikata laifuka, wadanda suka hada da malaman addini, shehunai da malaman addini, masu fafutuka a kungiyoyin agaji, da daliban Musulunci. Sauran da za a azabtar da su sun hada da ’yan’uwa da sauran dangin mutanen da aka lissafa a matsayin wadanda ake so da kuma duk wani Bafalasdine a cikin aikin injiniya. A wasu lokutan kuma, an kama matan da ake tsare da su tare da wulakanta su don kara matsa wa mazajensu. Jami’an ISA a wasu lokutan suna azabtar da Falasdinawa domin daukar su a matsayin masu hada kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Background of the High Court of Justice's Decision |url=http://www.btselem.org/torture/background |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

B'Tselem ta kiyasta cewa ISA na yin tambayoyi tsakanin Falasdinawa 1,000 zuwa 1,500 a kowace shekara kuma tana amfani da hanyoyin da za su zama azabtarwa ga wasu kashi 85 cikin 100 na su, akalla mutane 850 a shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;/&gt;

[[Amnesty International]] ta kuma bayar da rahoton yin amfani da azabtarwa ga fursunonin Palasdinawa, tare da tsare-tsare, ba tare da shari'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Human rights in Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty ta ruwaito cewa an tsare Palasdinawa sama da 2,200 daga yankin Yammacin da aka mamaye a watan farko na Yaƙin Gaza na shekarar 2023. Bayanai da rikodin bidiyo sun nuna azabtar da fursunoni, gami da mummunan duka da wulakanci ga fursunoni.  Ta hanyar tilasta musu su sa kawunansu su kwanta, su durƙusa a ƙasa yayin ƙididdigar fursunoni&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=Israel/OPT: Horrifying cases of torture and degrading treatment of Palestinian detainees amid spike in arbitrary arrests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/11/israel-opt-horrifying-cases-of-torture-and-degrading-treatment-of-palestinian-detainees-amid-spike-in-arbitrary-arrests/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani rahoto na shekara ta 1978 daga karamin ofishin jakadancin da ke birnin Kudus ya bayyana shari’ar sojan da aka yi wa wasu matasa ‘yan kasar Amurka guda biyu wadanda suka ba da rahoton cewa mahukuntan Isra’ila sun yi amfani da karfin tuwo wajen samun ikirari daga wajensu. Rahoton ya kammala da cewa hukumomin Isra'ila na sane da cewa mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da &quot;tilastawa ta jiki da musgunawa&quot; wajen samun ikirari.

Hukumar Landau ta shekarar 1987, karkashin jagorancin mai shari'a Moshe Landau na Kotun Koli, an nada ta ne domin ta binciki hanyoyin tambayoyi na Hukumar Tsaron Isra'ila (ISA) kuma ta ce &quot;ba za a iya guje wa yin matsananciyar matsin lamba ba&quot;. Duk da haka, hukumar ta yi Allah wadai da wata takarda ta cikin gida ta shekarar 1982 wadda ta umurci masu yin tambayoyi kan irin karyar da ya kamata su yi a kotu lokacin da suke musanta cewa za su yi amfani da karfin jiki wajen samun ikirari. Ta yi Allah-wadai da shedar karya da abin ya shafa amma ta ba da shawarar a guji hukunta wadanda suka aikata ta. Sashi na biyu na rahoton Landau ya kasance sirri ne, an yi imanin cewa yana ɗauke da ƙa'idodin hanyoyin tambayoyi da aka halatta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Landau Commission examined interrogation methods |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/Torture/Background.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hukumar Landau ta kai ga daruruwan korafe-korafe da Falasdinawa da ake tsare da su suka yi na korafin cewa an yi amfani da karfi a kansu a lokacin da ISA ke yi musu tambayoyi. A cikin keɓantattun shari'o'i, an ba da umarnin wucin gadi na ɗan lokaci da ke hana ISA amfani da duka ko wasu hanyoyin, amma a watan Satumba na 1999, Kotun Koli ta ƙi yanke hukunci ko suna da doka a ƙarƙashin dokokin Isra'ila da na duniya.

A cikin 1994, Rahoton Kwanturolan Jiha (wanda aka fitar a taƙaitaccen tsari a cikin Fabrairu 2000) ya gano cewa hanyoyin tambayoyin ISA sun saba wa doka, ƙa'idodin Hukumar Landau, da ƙa'idodin cikin gida wanda sabis ɗin kansa ya tsara.

A watan Yulin shekarar 2002, ''Haaretz'' ya nakalto wani babban jami'in ISA yana cewa, tun lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke shawara, an bayyana Falasdinawa 90 a matsayin &quot;bamai masu saurin kai&quot; da kuma &quot;hanyar tambayoyi masu ban mamaki, &quot;watau azabtarwa, an yi amfani da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ha'aretz quoted a senior GSS official |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/torture/ |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran masu tambayoyin Isra'ila sun yarda cewa ISA &quot;tana amfani da duk wani magudi mai yiwuwa, har zuwa girgiza da bugawa. &quot; Yawancin bayanan daga Falasdinawa sun tabbatar da cewa azabtarwa har yanzu yana cikin tambayoyin Israʼila. 

According to a 2011 report by two Israeli human rights organisations, the Public Committee Against Torture (PCAT) and Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), Israeli doctors fail to report suspected torture and conceal related information, allowing Israeli Security Agency interrogators to use torture against Palestinian detainees.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harriet Sherwood |date=3 November 2011 |title=Israeli doctors 'failing to report torture of Palestinian detainees' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/03/israeli-doctors-report-torture-palestinian |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, wata doka ta ba da izinin tilasta ciyar da fursunoni masu fama da yunwa. Koyaya, Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Isra'ila ta bayyana dokar ba ta da kyau kuma ta bukaci likitoci da su ƙi aiwatar da ita.

==== Shirye-shiryen ilimi ====
Ana ba fursunoni damar ɗaukar darussan kan layi daga Open University of Israel, da kuma kammala digiri na ilimi. Wannan ba haƙƙin da aka ba shi ba ne amma fa'ida, dangane da halin kirki, tare da hukumomin kurkuku suna biyan kuɗin karatunsu na jami'a. Darussan suna cikin fannoni na: bil'adama, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, gudanarwa, ilimin halayyar dan adam da kimiyyar siyasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;knesset.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yaniv Ronen |date=28 November 2012 |title=לימודים אקדמיים של אסירים ביטחוניים |trans-title=Academic studies of security prisoners |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504160748/https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2015 |language=he}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar ita ce ta ba fursunoni kayan aiki don magance rayuwa a waje, don haka bayan an sake su daga kurkuku za su sami ilimi mai dacewa don taimaka musu samun aiki, da kuma hana su komawa rayuwar aikata laifuka.

==== Fursunoni na siyasa ====
A cikin shekarar 2011, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-Moon ya ce Isra'ila ta tsare dubban Palasdinawa a matsayin fursunonin siyasa, kuma ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta sake su. Ban ya ce sakin fursunonin siyasa zai &quot;yi aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar gina amincewa&quot; kuma ya bunkasa damar zaman lafiya a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 March 2011 |title=United Nations News Centre |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=37698&amp;Cr=palestin&amp;Cr1 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=UN News Service Section}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty International ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta saki fursunonin siyasa, tana mai cewa &quot;duk fursunonin siyasar da aka tsare ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba ya kamata a yi musu shari'a a shari'a ko kuma a sake su nan da nan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press Releases |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603062041/http://amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |archive-date=3 June 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

John Dugard ya kwatanta zaman kurkukun da Isra'ila ke yi wa Falasdinawa da manufofin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, yana mai cewa &quot;'Yan sandan tsaron wariyar launin fata sun aiwatar da azabtarwa sosai, haka ma jami'an tsaron Isra'ila. Akwai fursunonin siyasa da dama a tsibirin Robben amma akwai karin fursunonin siyasa na Falasdinawa a gidajen kurkukun Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=John Dugard |title=Apartheid and the occupation of Palestine |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/11/201111395153781378.html |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Tsayar da gudanarwa =====
Tsayawa na gudanarwa hanya ce da ake tsare fursunoni ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba. An ba da izinin hukunce-hukuncen ta hanyar umarnin gudanarwa daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Isra'ila ko kwamandojin soja na Isra'ila. [[Amnesty International]] ta yi imanin cewa aikin ya karya Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa wanda &quot;ya bayyana cewa babu wanda ya kamata a tsare shi da gangan kuma cewa hana 'yanci dole ne ya dogara da dalilai da hanyoyin da doka ta kafa&quot;. Amnesty International ta kuma damu da cewa fursunonin lamiri suna &quot;tsare ne kawai don yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya ba tare da tashin hankali ba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 1997 |title=Administrative detention: Despair, uncertainty and lack of due process |url=http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES\ISRAEL\OCCUPIED+TERRITORIES |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922021743/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES%5CISRAEL%5COCCUPIED%2BTERRITORIES |archive-date=22 September 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar B'Tselem a halin yanzu akwai Falasdinawa 645 da ke tsare a karkashin tsare-tsare ta Isra'ila da kuma 105 ta IDF. Yawancin ana kiyaye su a Yammacin Kogin Yamma a sansanin Soja na Ofer ko a sansanin soja na Ansar 3 / Ketziot a cikin hamadar Negev . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 July 2006 |title=Administrative Detention |url=http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824195154/http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |archive-date=24 August 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Shirye-shiryen ilimi a kurkuku don tsare-tsare =====
A shekara ta 2009, akwai fursunonin Palasdinawa 250 da ke karatu a Jami'ar Isra'ila. A watan Yunin shekarar 2011, Firayim Minista Benjamin Netanyahu ya sanar, don mayar da martani ga dakatar da tattaunawar zaman lafiya, cewa ba za a ba fursunonin Palasdinawa damar neman digiri na ilimi a kurkuku ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Barak Ravid |date=23 June 2011 |title=Netanyahu: Israel to toughen conditions of Palestinian prisoners |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/netanyahu-israel-to-toughen-conditions-of-palestinian-prisoners-1.369269 |access-date=16 May 2012 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshen shekara ta 2012, fursunoni uku sun daukaka kara ga Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya ki amincewa da roko. A cikin hukunce-hukuncen su, alƙalai sun bayyana cewa haƙƙin samun ilimi na jami'a kyauta bai shafi waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci na laifuffukan ta'addanci ba. Hukuncin, duk da haka, ya yi kira ga hukumomin kurkuku da su &quot;yi la'akari&quot; da yanke shawara game da shari'o'in fursunoni da suka riga sun kasance a tsakiyar shirye-shiryen ilimi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 December 2012 |title=Court: End of Free College for Terrorists |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/163549 |access-date=24 March 2014 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 'Yanci na magana da kafofin watsa labarai ===
[[Fayil:Israeli_Press_1949.jpg|thumb|Sashe na jaridu na Isra'ila a cikin 1949.]]
Censorship a Isra'ila ana gudanar da shi ne a hukumance ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila, wani sashi a cikin gwamnatin Isra'ila wanda aka ba shi aiki a hukumance don aiwatar da censorship na kariya game da buga bayanan da zasu iya shafar tsaro Isra'ila. Babban mai binciken Isra'ila ne ke jagorantar hukumar, jami'in soja wanda Ministan Tsaro na Isra'ila ya nada, wanda ya ba Babban mai binciken ikon hana bayanan da ya ga ya dace da kasancewa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aluf Benn |date=July–August 2001 |title=Israel: Censoring the past |url=http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619213158/http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences |publisher=University of Maryland}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=P.R. Kumaraswamy |date=September 1998 |title=India and Israel: Evolving Strategic Partnership |url=http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/publications/40pub.html |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Mideast Security and Policy Studies |publisher=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamar Shirin [[makaman nukiliya]] na Isra'ilawa da ayyukan soja na Isra'il a waje da iyakokinta. A matsakaici, labaran jarida 2240 a Isra'ila suna tantancewa ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila a kowace shekara, kusan 240 daga cikinsu a cikakke, kuma kusan 2000 a wani ɓangare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2021 |title=נתונים חדשים חושפים טפח מאחורי הקלעים של יחסי הצנזורה הצבאית והעיתונות הישראלית |url=https://www.the7eye.org.il/419412 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=העין השביעית |language=he-IL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dole ne a gabatar da labarai game da batutuwan da za su iya kawo rigima ga Mai binciken Sojojin Isra'ila a gaba; rashin yin hakan na iya sa mai ba da rahoto ya rasa damarsa na aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Isra'ila  kuma, game da manema labarai na ƙasashen waje, a hana shi daga ƙasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;BBCsorry&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2005 |title=BBC says sorry to Israel |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/mar/12/israel.broadcasting |website=the Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Matar |first=Haggai |date=2020-03-09 |title=IDF censor redacted two thousand news items in 2019 |url=https://www.972mag.com/idf-censor-israeli-media-2019/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=+972 Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=IDF Military Censor banned nearly 300 articles last year |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/idf-military-censor-banned-nearly-300-articles-last-year-562318 |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila, &quot;doka ta tanadi 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da 'yan jarida, kuma gaba daya gwamnati na mutunta wadannan hakkoki a aikace idan aka yi la'akari da takunkumin da ya shafi tsaro.&quot; Dokar ta tanadi 'yancin yin taro da ƙungiyoyi, kuma gabaɗaya gwamnati na mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a aikace.

Wasu jami'an gwamnati da wasu na sukar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da Isra'ila ke da shi a lokacin da suke gudun hijira daga [[zirin Gaza]] da yammacin kogin Jordan. Wannan ya haifar da sukar da ake cewa &quot;Hukumomi sun dauki matakan da ba su dace ba, tare da cin zarafin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da zanga-zangar siyasa ba tare da wani dalili ba.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;acri&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=ACRI Report Slashes Civil Rights Abuses and Privatization |url=http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060622145646/http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-date=22 June 2006 |access-date=28 July 2006 |website=Annual Report on Israel |publisher=The Association for Civil Rights in Israel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Isra'ila, manufofin gwamnatinta suna fuskantar zargi daga manema labarai da kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban na siyasa, haƙƙin ɗan adam da masu sa ido,   wadanda suka hada da Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI), B'Tselem, Machsom Watch, Mata a cikin Baƙar fata da Mata don Isra'ila Gobe. A cewar kungiyar 'yancin' yan jarida Reporters Without Borders, &quot;Kafofin yada labarai na Isra'ila sun sake kasancewa a cikin shekarar 2005 wadanda kawai ke da' yancin gaske don yin magana. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Israel – Annual report 2006 |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181318/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=12 August 2006 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, a cikin 2010, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da ke aiki a Isra'ila suka koka game da mummunan yanayi a kasar, kuma sun ce suna fuskantar hari saboda sukar manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyoyin sun ce wasu shugabannin Isra'ila suna ganin zargi da kare hakkin dan adam a matsayin barazana ga halattacciyar Isra'ila, musamman bayan Zargin laifukan yaki da sojojin Isra'ila game da Yakin Gaza (2008-09). 

A shekara ta 2009, Isra'ila ta kasance ta 93 a cikin Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index, daga shekarar da ta gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Reporters Without Borders – Press Freedom Index 2009 |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2013, Isra'ila ta sauka zuwa 112 daga cikin kasashe 179 a cikin Freedom Index na jarida. 'Yan jarida ba tare da iyaka ba sun bayyana cewa canjin ya faru ne saboda ayyukan Isra'ila a cikin Operation Pillar of Defense lokacin da ta ce &quot;Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila da gangan sun kai hari kan' yan jarida da gine-gine inda kafofin watsa labarai da ke da alaƙa da Hamas ke da mahalli&quot;. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta soki kama 'yan jarida na Palasdinawa da kuma tantancewar soja. Freedom House ta sanya Isra'ila a matsayin mai yanayin kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Sashi na 'yanci&quot; a cikin shekara ta 2009. A baya, Isra'ila ita ce kadai kasar da ke cikin yankin da ke da kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Free&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Press Freedom Rankings by Region 2009 |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&amp;year=2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) A cikin shekarar 2023, Isra'ila da kanta, ba tare da haɗa Gaza Strip ko Gabashin Urushalima ba, an jera su a matsayin &quot;Free&quot;,  yayin da Gaza Strip da West Bank suka kasance &quot;Ba Free ba&quot;.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israel: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/israel/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gaza Strip: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/gaza-strip/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=West Bank: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/west-bank/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2003, hukumar fim din Isra'ila ta haramta nuna fim din kasuwanci game da [[Jenin]]_(2002)&quot; id=&quot;mwAxM&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Battle of Jenin (2002)&quot;&gt;Yaƙin Jenin na 2002.  Fim din, ''Jenin, Jenin'' ne, tarin ganawa ne da mazaunan sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Jenin da aka yi fim a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2002, mako guda bayan yakin. Mohammad Bakri, Larabawa na Isra'ila, ya jagoranci fim din. An dakatar da fim din ne saboda zargin da ake yi na [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]] da Sojojin Isra'ila suka aikata, wanda hukumar ta yi la'akari da karya da cutar da iyalan sojoji. Bayan shari'ar shari'a, an shigar da takarda a Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya soke shawarar hukumar, kuma ya ba da izinin nuna fim din a cikin fina-finai &quot;don jama'a su yanke shawara&quot;, yayin da yake lura cewa fim din &quot;cike da ƙarya&quot;, ba fim ba ne, kuma an yi shi &quot;ba tare da bangaskiya ba&quot;, ta hanyar ƙarya yana nuna sojojin Isra'ila a matsayin &quot;mafi munin masu aikata laifuka&quot;.

A watan Janairun 2011, majalisar dokokin Isra'ila ta amince da wani kuduri na hannun dama na binciken wasu sanannun kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na Isra'ila saboda &quot;lalata&quot; sojojinta. Binciken zai haifar da bincike kan tallafin kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da dama wadanda suka soki manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila ta bayyana matakin a matsayin &quot;mummunan rauni&quot; ga demokradiyyar Isra'ila, kuma masu sukar manufofin sun yi wa manufar &quot;McCarthyist&quot;.

A cikin shekara ta 2015, Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta amince da manyan tanadi na dokar da ke haifar da sakamako ga waɗanda ke kira ga kauracewa Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye. Hukuncin ya haifar da muhawara, tare da wasu nuna rashin amincewa da shi yana kawo karshen 'yancin magana yayin da wasu ke cewa yana tabbatar da matsayin Isra'ila kan &quot;tsarin lalacewar BDS&quot; (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement). Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila sun yi korafi game da dokar, suna mai cewa ta keta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Magoya bayan dokar sun ce ta haramta &quot; nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin ƙasa&quot;.  &quot;Don cire kiran kauracewa daga rukunin 'yancin magana ba daidai ba ne&quot;, in ji Rabbi David Rosenn, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na New Israel Fund (NIF). &quot;Babu wani bangare na daban don magana wanda ke siyasa. Magana mafi mahimmanci shine siyasa, kuma ya kamata mutane su sami damar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ba tare da tsoron takunkumin gwamnati ba. &quot;

Dokar ta ba 'yan sanda damar iyakance tunzura ga tashin hankali ko kalaman ƙiyayya kuma ta haramta kiran mutane &quot;Nazis&quot; ko &quot;fascists&quot;. Dokar Rigakafin Ta'addanci ta hana bayyana goyon bayan kungiyar da ake ganin ta sabawa doka ko ta'addanci.

On 24 November 2024, Israel's government ordered a boycott of the newspaper ''Haaretz'' by government officials and anyone working for a government-funded body, and banned government advertising with the newspaper. According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''Haaretz'' &quot;had published a series of investigations of wrongdoing or abuses by senior officials and the armed forces, and has long been in the crosshairs of the current government.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2023, wani rahoto daga Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya nuna cewa Isra'ila ta kasance ta shida mafi girma a duniya don kama' yan jarida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israeli arrests of Palestinian journalists soared in 2023: CPJ |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/18/israeli-arrests-of-palestinian-journalists-soared-in-2023-cpj |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin Yaƙin Gaza, Falasdinawa sun bayyana cin zarafin soja a kan sakonnin kafofin sada zumunta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Molana-Allen |first=Leila |title=Palestinians describe harassment from Israeli forces over social media posts during war |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/palestinians-describe-harassment-from-israeli-forces-over-social-media-posts-during-war |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2024, Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya sanya Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasa ta biyu mafi muni a duniya don ba da damar masu kisan 'yan jarida su tafi ba tare da hukunta su ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Liam |title=Haiti, Israel ranked worst for securing justice in journalist killings |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/haiti-israel-ranked-worst-for-securing-justice-in-journalist-killings/7845113.html |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Voice of America}}&lt;/ref&gt;

; 'Yan Jarida Ba tare da iyakoki ba

Kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta fitar da rahoto na shekara-shekara kan 'yancin 'yan jarida a duniya, mai suna Index na 'Yancin Jarida. An fara buga irin wannan na farko a shekara ta 2002. Sakamakon da Isra'ila da Hukumar Falasdinawa ta samu daga 2002 zuwa yau an nuna su a ƙasa, tare da ƙananan lambobi suna nuna kyakkyawar kulawa ga 'yan jarida:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:1em auto;&quot;
!Shekara
!Isra'ila (Yankin Isra'ila) 
!Isra'ila (na waje) 
!Hukumomin Palasdinawa
!Mafi munin Shekara
!Rahoton URL
|-
|2002
|92
|Ba a bayyana ba
|82
|139
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213848/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|44
|146
|130
|166
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213853/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
|36
|115
|127
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220042227/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |archive-date=20 December 2008 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|47
|Ba a bayyana ba
|132
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429110315/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |archive-date=29 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|50
|135
|134
|168
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604161952/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |archive-date=4 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|44
|103
|158
|169
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421060910/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |archive-date=21 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|46
|149
|163
|173
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607100340/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |archive-date=7 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|93
|150
|161
|175
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Hakkin sirri ==
A cewar wani rahoto na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra'ila, &quot;[l] aws da ka'idoji sun tanadi kariya ga sirrin mutum da na gida. A cikin shari'o'in laifuka doka ta ba da izinin sauraron waya a karkashin umarnin kotu; a lokuta na tsaro dole ne ma'aikatar tsaro ta ba da oda.&quot;

== 'Yancin mata ==
Aure da saki suna karkashin ikon kotuna na addini ne, wanda a aikace yake haifar da tsangwama ga mata a cikin wadannan bangarori na shari'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta zartar da dokar da ta ba da kariya ga mata daga tashin hankalin gida. A shekarar 2022, mata 24 abokan aikinsu ko wasu ‘yan uwansu ne a cewar ‘yan sandan Isra’ila, inda aka ce an kashe mata 69 a Isra’ila a tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa watan Agusta shekarar 2022. 40 daga cikin wadannan matan Palasdinawa ne, fiye da rabin wadannan shari’o’in ‘yan sanda ba su warware ba. Akasin haka, an warware shari’ar kowacce daga cikin kisan gilla 29 na matan Yahudawa da Isra’ilawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci ga mata.

Mata a Isra'ila ba koyaushe aka tabbatar da daidaiton jinsi a bayyane ba. Kodayake sanarwar 'yancin kai ta Isra'ila ta bayyana cewa &quot;Jam'iyyar Isra'ila [...] za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na' yancin zamantakewa da siyasa ga dukkan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini ba, launin fata ko jima'i,&quot; wannan ji ba a ba da ikon tsarin mulki ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1948 |title=The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel |url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/general/declaration-of-establishment-state-of-israel |access-date=January 29, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, kotunan Isra'ila, a tsawon lokaci, sun bayyana cewa daidaito tsakanin jinsi shine &quot;ka'idar tsarin shari'a&quot; a Isra'ila، kuma mata sun ga mafi yawan shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a ta Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2021 |title=Equality, Religion and Gender in Israel |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/equality-religion-and-gender-in-israel |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 July 2021 |title=Israel Women's Network |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/israel-womens-network |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1969, Isra'ila ta zabi Golda Meir a matsayin firaminista kuma ta zama kasa ta hudu da mace ke rike da irin wannan mukami. A shekara ta 2010, wakilan majalisar mata a Isra'ila ya kai kashi 18 cikin 100, wanda ya zarce na kasashen Larabawa da kashi 6 cikin 100, daidai da na majalisar dokokin Amurka, kuma ya yi kasa da matsakaicin kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasashen Scandinavia.

Majalisar dokokin Isra'ila, The Knesset, ta kafa kwamitin kula da matsayin mata don magance 'yancin mata. Makasudin da aka bayyana na wannan kwamiti shine hana wariya, yaki da cin zarafin mata, da inganta daidaito a harkokin siyasa, abubuwan rayuwa da ilimi. A cikin 1998, Knesset ta zartar da wata doka don &quot;Rigaka da Cin Duri da Jima'i&quot;.

Wani rahoto na shekarar 2009 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ya ambaci matsalolin auren jama'a, agunot ('mata masu sarka) ba za su iya saki ba tare da izinin miji ba), da kuma hidimar addu'o'in jinsin jinsi a bangon Yamma.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Ana haɓaka haƙƙoƙin mata ta hanyar &quot;Kawo Mata A Gaba: Haɗin Kan Mata&quot;, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar Asusun Haɗin gwiwar Mata na Yahudawa. Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda bakwai a Isra'ila sune Cibiyar Adva, Ruhun Mata, Itach-Maaki: Lauyoyin Mata don Adalci na zamantakewa, Cibiyar Mahut, Cibiyar Mata ta Isra'ila (IWN), Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki ga Mata (EEW) da Achoti ('yar'uwa) ga Mata a Isra'ila.

=== Mata Larabawa a Isra'ila ===
Matan Larabawa-Isra'ila suna shiga cikin harkokin gwamnati da na jama'a. Hussniya Jabara ita ce mace Balarabiya ta farko da ta fara aiki a majalisar Knesset. Dangane da sashe na 15 na Ma'aikatar Jama'a [waɗanda] mata da Larabawa-Isra'ilawa suna da haƙƙin tabbatar da aiki a aikin ma'aikacin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=העדפה מתקנת בעבודה ובשירות הציבורי |url=http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201010211/http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |archive-date=1 February 2013 |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Moital.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ayyuka masu kyau ===
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan mata na Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Hakkin LGBT ==
Hakkin 'Yan tsiraru na jima'i a Isra'ila ana ɗaukar su mafi haƙuri a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=LGBT+ rights and issues in the Middle East |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9457/CBP-9457.pdf |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=Commons Library Research Briefing, 9 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake Isra'ila ba ta halatta auren jinsi ɗaya ba, auren jinsi ɗaya da ke aiki a ƙasashen waje an amince da shi bisa doka a Isra'ila. Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin 'yancin jama'a ga yawan masu luwadi, gami da' yancin tallafi da amfanin abokin tarayya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Walzer |first=Lee |date=21 February 2002 |title=Queer in the Land of Sodom |url=http://www.thegully.com/essays/gaymundo/020220_gay_israel_history.html |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=The Gully}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isra'ila kuma ta ba da matsayin aure na doka ga ma'aurata na cikin gida na jinsi ɗaya. Dokar sodomy da aka gada daga Mandate na Burtaniya na Falasdinu an soke ta a shekarar 1988, kodayake akwai umarni mai bayyanawa da Babban Lauyan Isra'ila ya bayar a shekarar 1953 wanda ya umarci 'yan sanda da su guji aiwatar da wannan dokar, muddin babu wasu laifuka da suka shafi. Dokar kare hakkin ɗan luwaɗi ta ƙasa ta haramta wasu nuna bambanci ga 'yan luwadi, gami da aiki; ana yin wasu keɓancewa ga ƙungiyoyin addini. A baya, aikin soja na masu luwadi yana ƙarƙashin wasu ƙuntatawa. An ɗaga waɗannan ƙuntatawa a cikin 1993, suna ba da damar masu luwadi su yi aiki a bayyane a duk sassan sojoji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Homosexual rights around the world |url=http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210062004/http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |archive-date=10 December 2005 |access-date=20 November 2011 |website=Gay Rights Info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Maris 2014, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da umarni da ke nuna cewa an haɗa aikin tiyatar jima'i a cikin tallafin kiwon lafiya da aka ba wa 'yan ƙasa. Duk da haka, a cikin watan Mayu Haaretz ya ruwaito cewa wata kungiyar kula da lafiya ta ki biyan kudin tiyatar canjin jima'i guda biyu, wanda ya haifar da kashe kudade masu yawa daga marasa lafiya. Wata rundunar LGBTI ta kasa ta gano cewa kashi 80 cikin 100 na masu canza jinsi, kashi 50 na 'yan madigo da kashi 20 cikin 100 na mazan luwadi ana nuna musu wariya yayin neman aikin yi.

== Hakkin ƙasa ==
Asusun yahudawa (JNF) yana iko da kashi 13% na ƙasar Isra'ila; wannan ƙasa an keɓe ta ne don amfanin Yahudawan Isra'ila keɓanta. Kasa da kashi 4% na ƙasar Isra'ila mallakar ƴan ƙasar Larabawa ne, duk da Larabawa da ke da kashi 20% na al'ummar ƙasar. An ɗauka gabaɗaya, kashi 93% na ƙasar a Isra'ila ana iko da ko dai ƙasar Isra'ila ko JNF; Ana kiran waɗannan ƙasashe a hukumance da &quot;ƙasashen Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Canje-canjen kwanan nan (wanda aka yi a cikin 2010) zuwa Dokar Kasa (Samun don Manufofin Jama'a) (1943), yana nufin tabbatar da ikon mallakar ƙasa na ƙasar da aka kwace daga Falasɗinawa (daga 1948 zuwa gaba) ta hanyar toshe iƙirarin Falasɗinawa na mallakar ƙasar da aka kwace a ƙarƙashin wannan doka, ko da a wuraren da ba a taɓa amfani da ita don dalilai na jama'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Cibiyar shari'ar Isra'ila Adalah ta bayar da rahoton cewa, &quot;A zahiri, an toshe Falasdinawa 'yan Isra'ila daga siye ko ba da hayar filaye a kusan kashi 80% na ƙasar Isra'ila bisa tushen ƙasarsu.&quot; Sakamakon, a cewarsu, shine &quot;mafi yawancin filayen gwamnati sun ƙunshi keɓaɓɓu, yankunan Yahudawa kaɗai.&quot; Adalah ya bayyana manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da ake aiwatar da keɓancewa daga mallakar filaye da amfani da su; ta hanyar abin da ake kira &quot;kwamitocin shiga&quot; da kuma ta hanyar abin da Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin manufofin nuna wariya na hukumomin jihohi da JNF.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Waɗannan kwamitocin shigar sun duba masu neman rukunin gidaje a garuruwan noma da al'umma a Isra'ila kuma sun haɗa da wani babban jami'i daga Ƙungiyar Sahayoniya ta Duniya ko Hukumar Yahudawa. Kusan garuruwa 700 a cikin Isra'ila (wanda ke lissafin kusan kashi 70% na duk garuruwan Isra'ila) suna da alaƙa da kwamitocin shiga. Sharuɗɗan da waɗannan kwamitocin suka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da ka'idojin dacewa, wanda Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin sabani da rashin gaskiya. Adalah ta ruwaito cewa ana tace Larabawa da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Isra'ila ta hanyar amfani da wannan ka'idojin dacewa. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Yahudawan Mizrahi da ƴan luwaɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, garuruwa da yawa a Isra'ila sun amince da dokoki da ke jaddada halayensu na Yahudawa, suna ƙayyade shigarwa cikin al'umma akan &quot;aminci ga hangen nesa na Zionist&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Nuna wariya ƙasar manufofin ne zuwa babban har kore da manufofin na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar ƙasar Isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin 1949 da 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF wakilan (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan ƙasar Isra'ila da ake kira manufofin ƙasa a cikin jihar 3. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan manufofin ya hana JNF ƙasar da za a ba wa waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

== Ƙananan kabilanci, dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci da shige da fice ==
Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu da Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan bambancin launin fata.

Nuna wariya ronu ne zuwa babban kore da tsofo na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da shekarar 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF rufi (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan Isra'ila a cikin iska daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin Isra'ila. hana JNF hadarin da za a ba wa koyarwa ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2009 |title=Gender and employment [Areas of work&amp;#93; |url=http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427190455/http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |archive-date=27 April 2009 |access-date=2010-07-22 |publisher=Ilo.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba ma'aikatan Larabawa a Ma'aikatu daban-daban &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Ma'aikatar
!% Ma'aikatan Larabawa 
|-
|Lafiya
|7.2
|-
|Ilimi
|6.2
|-
|Adalci
|3.9
|-
|Masana'antu, Ciniki da Aiki
|3.4
|-
|Sufuri
|2.3
|-
|Gidaje
|1.3
|-
|Kudi
|1.2
|}
Duk da Dokar Aiki (1998), kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah ta ba da rahoton cewa 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila suna fuskantar nuna bambanci a cikin damar aiki, albashi da yanayi. Adalah ta kuma ba da rahoton cewa jihar Isra'ila kanta (mafi girman ma'aikaci a Isra'ila) ba ta aiwatar da wannan dokar ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Misali, 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila da ke aiki a matsayin masu kwangila a cikin gyare-gyare a cibiyoyin ilimi na Isra'ilawa suna ƙarƙashin iyakancewa wanda Yahudawa Isra'ilawa ba sa ƙarƙashin su. Wannan ya haɗa da buƙatar dan kwangila ya hayar mai tsaro mai dauke da makami a wurin aiki a kan kuɗin kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khromchenko |first=Yulie |date=Mar 28, 2005 |title=Adalah Accuses Education Min. of Employment Discrimination |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240112202842/https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |access-date=12 Jan 2024 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila waɗanda mata ne, nakasassu, ko asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka suna da damar yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan Isra'ila na asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka, ko kuma masu nakasa, suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau game da shigar jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Council for Higher Education |url=http://che.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A1-1-%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%93.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=Che.org.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ייצוג הולם בשירות המדינה |url=http://www.csc.gov.il/DataBases/NewsLetters/NL19/Pages/AdequateRepresentation.aspx |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haramcin Wariya a Samfura, Sabis da Shiga Wuraren Nishaɗi da Wuraren Jama'a Dokar ta hana waɗanda ke gudanar da wuraren jama'a, ko ba da sabis ko samfura, don nuna bambanci saboda launin fata, addini, ƙasa, da ƙasar asali, da sauran dalilai. Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2010 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama ga Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye, dokokin Isra'ila sun hana nuna bambanci a kan launin fata, kuma gwamnati ta aiwatar da wadannan haramcin yadda ya kamata.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2010 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413173255/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |archive-date=13 April 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015 |publisher=US Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba Ayyuka ta Sashen da Kabilanci (2008) &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Aiki
!Ma'aikatan Larabawa (%) 
!Ma'aikatan Yahudawa (%) 
|-
|Gine-gine (maza) 
|28.4
|5.4
|-
|Ma'aikata marasa ƙwarewa
|14.6
|6.4
|-
|Ayyukan kasuwanci
|5.6
|14.3
|-
|Matsayi na gudanarwa
|2.3
|7.3
|-
|Bankin, inshora, da kudi
|0.8
|4.3
|}

=== 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila ===
Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta B'Tselem ta yi iƙirarin cewa an hana Larabawa a Urushalima haƙƙin zama, wanda ya haifar da karancin gidaje a yankunan Larabawa na Urushalima.

Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ta tuhumi cewa rage tallafin tsofaffi da kuma alawus-alawus na yara bisa aikin soji na iyaye na nuna wariya ga yaran Larabawa: &quot;Raguwar za ta kuma shafi 'ya'yan iyayen Yahudawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wadanda ba sa aikin soja, amma sun cancanci karin tallafin, gami da karin ilimi, wanda ba a samu ga yaran Larabawa na Falasdinu ba.&quot;

A cewar rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam ga Isra'ila da Yankunan da aka mamaye, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta yi &quot;ƙananan don rage nuna bambanci na hukuma, shari'a, da al'umma ga' yan ƙasar Larabawa&quot;.  Rahotanni na shekaru masu zuwa sun kuma gano nuna bambanci ga' yan asalin Larabawa a matsayin matsala ga Isra'ilawa, amma ba ta sake maimaita da'ila ta ba don rage nuna rashin nuna bambanci ba. 

Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam  ya lura cewa:

* Asusun Ƙasar Yahudawa (JNF) yana sarrafa kashi 12.5 cikin 100 na ƙasar jama'a amma dokokinta sun hana siyarwa ko hayar ƙasa ga waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba. A watan Oktoba, kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama sun shigar da kara ga Babban Kotun Shari'a suna da'awar cewa sanarwar da Gwamnatin Ƙasar Isra'ila (ILA) ta yi game da ƙasar JNF ta nuna bambanci saboda ta haramta Larabawa daga yin tayin. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2005, babban lauya ya yanke hukuncin cewa &quot;gwamnati ba za ta iya nuna bambanci ga Larabawa na Isra'ila a cikin tallace-tallace da rarraba ƙasashen da take sarrafawa ba, gami da na JNF.
* Kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na Isra'ila da Larabawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnati ta fi ƙuntatawa wajen bayar da izinin gini ga al'ummomin Larabawa da ƙalubalanci manufofin rushe gine-gine ba bisa ka'ida ba a bangaren Larabawa, yana iyakance ci gaban al'umma.
* &quot;A watan Yuni, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukuncin cewa barin garuruwan Larabawa daga wasu tsare-tsare na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na gwamnati na nuna wariya.
* An ƙalubalanci Tsarin Jagora na 1996 na Arewacin Isra'ila a matsayin wariya. Abubuwan da suka fi ba da fifiko sun haɗa da &quot;ƙara yawan Yahudawa na Galili da kuma toshe yanki na garuruwan Larabawa.&quot;
* Keɓe daga aikin soja na wajibi, yawancin Larabawa Isra'ila don haka ba su da damar samun dama fiye da sauran 'yan ƙasa zuwa fa'idodin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin wanda aikin soja ya zama buƙatu ko fa'ida, kamar gidaje, tallafin sabbin gidaje, da aikin yi, musamman aikin masana'antu na gwamnati ko na tsaro. Kwamitin Ivri kan yi wa kasa hidima ya ba da shawarwari a hukumance ga gwamnati cewa a ba wa Larabawa Isra'ila damar yin hidimar kasa.
* &quot;A bisa wani bincike da jami'ar Haifa ta gudanar a shekara ta 2003, akwai wani hali na sanya wa 'yan kasar Larabawa hukuncin dauri fiye da na Yahudawa. Masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama sun yi ikirarin cewa 'yan kasashen Larabawa sun fi fuskantar hukuncin kisa da kuma hana a bayar da belinsu.&quot;
* Rahoton hukumar Or Commission kan kisan ‘yan sanda na masu zanga-zangar Isra’ila da Larabawa ya gano cewa “sakamakon sakaci da wariya” gwamnati na tafiyar da bangaren Larabawa, tare da rabo ko albarkatun da bai dace ba wanda ke haifar da “mummunan wahala” daga al’umma. Abubuwan da ke nuna damuwa sun haɗa da talauci, rashin aikin yi, ƙarancin ƙasa, matsalolin ilimi, da nakasa abubuwan more rayuwa.

Rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila ya rubuta cewa: &quot;Gwamnati gaba daya tana mutunta hakkin 'yan kasarta; duk da haka, an sami matsaloli a wasu bangarori, ciki har da ... nuna wariya na hukumomi, shari'a, da kuma al'umma ga al'ummar Larabawa na kasar.&quot;

A cikin wani rahoto da ya mika wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bedouin ya yi ikirarin cewa suna fuskantar wariya kuma ba a daukarsu a matsayin 'yan kasa daidai a Isra'ila kuma ba a ba wa garuruwan Badouin hidima iri daya ba ko kuma filayen garuruwan Yahudawa masu girman gaske, kuma ba a ba su damar samun ruwa mai kyau. Birnin Be'er Sheva ya ki amincewa da wani wuri mai tsarki na Bedouin, duk da shawarar da Babbar Kotun ta bayar.

''Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2007 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam''  ya lura cewa:

* &quot;A cewar wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005 a Jami'ar Ibraniyawa, an kashe kuɗi sau uku a cikin ilimin yara Yahudawa kamar yadda yara Larabawa.&quot;

A watan Satumbar shekarar 2010, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta amince da gyare-gyare ga dokokin zama ɗan ƙasa na ƙasar. Shirin dokar ya tilasta wa duk wanda ke neman zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ya yi rantsuwa da &quot;Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasar Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot;. Larabawa na Isra'ila da kuma ƙungiyoyin hagu na Isra'ilawa ciki har da shugaban jam'iyyar adawa ta Kadima Tzipi Livni sun soki gyaran sosai. Masanin ilimin halayyar ilimi na Isra'ila Farfesa Gavriel Solomon ya ce rantsuwar aminci ta yi kama da Dokokin Nuremberg . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 October 2010 |title=Israeli academic: Loyalty oath resembles racist laws of 1935 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/israeli-academic-loyalty-oath-resembles-racist-laws-of-1935-1.318275 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magoya bayan gyaran sun bayyana cewa wadanda ba Yahudawa ba ne wadanda suka zama 'yan ƙasa suna buƙatar fahimtar cewa &quot;Jihar Isra'ila ita ce furcin kasa na ƙaddamar da kai na mutanen Yahudawa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2012 |title=Identifying with Israel's national character |url=http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-EdContributors/Article.aspx?id=190897 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isra'ila ta haramta 'yan ƙasa daga ziyartar ƙasashen abokan gaba ba tare da izini ba, ƙuntataccen tafiye-tafiye wanda, a cikin shekarar 2015, ya haɗa da Siriya, Iraki, Iran, Lebanon, Yemen, da Saudi Arabia. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah ta yi iƙirarin cewa wannan yana nuna bambanci ga 'yan asalin Larabawa da Isra'ila, kuma hukumomi ba su tsare Yahudawa ba bayan dawowa daga tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashe marasa izini kamar yadda suka yi da Larabawa Isra'ilawa. Har ila yau, an soki Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Isra'ila saboda nuna bambancin launin fata na 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah tana riƙe da jerin dokoki sama da 50 da take da'awar nuna bambanci ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. A cikin shekara ta 2015, an yi la'akari da launin fata na 'yan asalin Larabawa ta hanyar jami'an tsaro da sauran' yan ƙasa, da kuma hare-haren fansa a kan Larabawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2016&quot; /&gt;

Since the outbreak of the Gaza war, Israel has carried out mass arrests and detentions of Palestinians and Arab Israelis, with thousands arrested or detained in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories. On 5 November 2023, [[CNN]] reported that &quot;dozens&quot; of Palestinian residents and Arab citizens of Israel were arrested in Israel for expressions of solidarity with the civilian population of Gaza, sharing [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Quran]] verses, or expressing &quot;any support for the Palestinian people&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kottasová |first=Ivana |last2=Saifi |first2=Zeena |date=2023-11-05 |title='The reaction is extreme': Palestinians fear arrest if they voice sympathy for Gaza civilians |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/05/middleeast/palestinians-israel-fear-arrest-gaza-intl-cmd/index.html |website=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Haaretz'' described the widespread targeting of Arab Israelis by Israeli security forces. Referring to &quot;hundreds&quot; of interrogations, ''El País'' reported on 11 November that Israel increasingly treats its Arab minority as a &quot;potential fifth column&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pita |first=Antonio |date=2023-11-11 |title=Israel aumenta el cerco a su minoría árabe |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2023-11-11/israel-aumenta-el-cerco-a-su-minoria-arabe.html |website=El País |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ayyuka masu kyau ====
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau a cikin buƙatun shiga jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;/&gt;

=== Baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba da masu neman mafaka ===
Isra'ila jam'iyya ce ta jihar da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin [[Sudan]]_refugees_in_Israel&quot; id=&quot;mwBWo&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Sudanese refugees in Israel&quot;&gt;'yan gudun hijira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 April 2011 |title=Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b73b0d63.pdf |access-date=5 December 2012 |publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila suna la'akari da tsarin mafaka na Isra'ilawa da rashin adalci, kuma yawan amincewa da 'yan gudun hijira ya fi ƙasa da kashi 1%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Until our hearts are completely hardened, Report on asylum procedures in Israel, Hotline for Migrant Workers, April 2012 |url=http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018173547/http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga shekara ta 2003, kimanin baƙi 70,000 ba bisa ka'ida ba daga kasashe daban-daban na Afirka sun haye zuwa Isra'ila. Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 600 daga yankin Darfur na Sudan an ba su matsayin mazauna wucin gadi don sabuntawa kowace shekara, kodayake ba matsayin' yan gudun hijira na hukuma ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ACRI.org.il |url=http://www.acri.org.il/pdf/refugees0209en.pdf |access-date=25 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba da wasu 'yan gudun hijira 2,000 daga rikici tsakanin [[Eritrea]] da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] matsayin mazaunin wucin gadi a kan dalilai na jin kai, kodayake Isra'ila ta fi son kada ta gane su a matsayin' yan gudun hijira.

A cikin wani labari na shekarar 2012, ''Reuters'' ta ruwaito, &quot;Isra'ila na iya ɗaure baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba har zuwa shekaru uku a ƙarƙashin dokar da aka fara aiki a ranar Lahadi, wani jami'in Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ce, wani mataki da aka yi niyyar hana kwararar 'yan Afirka da ke shiga Isra'ila a kan iyakar hamada da Masar.  Ministan cikin gida Eli Yishai ya ce, &quot;Me ya sa muka yi rashin lafiya da zukata masu zubar da jini, gami da 'yan siyasa. Ayyuka za su zama mafi yawa a nan za su sa su zama jarirai, kuma wannan tayin ya sa Sudan ya fice su gudu zuwa duniya, kuma ya sa su zama mafi yawanci, kuma ya zama' yan gudun hijira za su gudu, kuma ya haifar da yawa, kuma ya fice ga Yesu Yesu ya sa suka fice, kuma ya fito da yawa, za su zama' yan kasa, kuma ya sami mafaka za su zama 'yan gudun hijira' yan gudunya suka ficececece' yan gudun

A karkashin Dokar Rigakafin Kutse ta 2014, duk masu ketare kan iyaka da ba bisa ka'ida ba an ayyana su a matsayin &quot;masu kutse&quot; kuma ana iya tsare su a gidan yarin Saharonim na tsawon watanni uku &quot;domin tantancewa&quot; sannan kuma watanni 12 a wurin Holhot mai nisa. Kamfanin dillancin labaran iqna ya habarta cewa, ya nakalto daga shafin sadarwa na yanar gizo na Hotline na ‘yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure cewa hukumomi sun mayar da fiye da rabin mutanen da ake tsare da su na Holot zuwa Saharonim har na tsawon watanni da dama saboda wasu laifukan da suka saba wa doka. A wasu jerin hukunce-hukuncen da kotun kolin ta yanke, ta yi watsi da cewa za a iya tsare bakin haure har abada, ta kuma ba da umarnin sakin bakin haure 1,178 'yan kasashen Eritrea da Sudan da ake tsare da su sama da shekara guda ba tare da tuhume su ba. Gwamnati ta hana wadannan masu neman mafaka daga Tel Aviv ko Eilat, inda za su kasance suna da al'ummomin tallafi da kuma samun damar yin ayyukan jin kai.

Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, tun daga shekarar 2011 yanayin 'yan gudun hijira a Isra'ila ya tabarbare &quot;saboda amincewa da manufofi da dokoki da nufin dakile masu neman mafaka a nan gaba ta hanyar yin wahala ga wadanda ke cikin kasar. Wadannan ayyuka sun kara tauye 'yancin jama'a da kuma karfafa barin kasar.&quot; Gwamnati za ta yi wahala a nemi izinin zama ɗan gudun hijira yayin da ake tsare da ita na tsawon shekara guda, kuma da zarar an sake shi za ta buƙaci masu neman su ba da hujjar rashin neman izini tun da farko. Ana kiran masu neman mafaka &quot;masu kutse&quot; ta gwamnati da kafafen yada labarai, wadanda ke danganta su da karuwar laifuka, cututtuka, da zaman banza.

=== 'Yan Afirka na Isra'ila ===
A cewar Jaridar BBC, Yahudawa na [[Habasha]] da ke zaune a [[Isra'ila]] sun daɗe suna gunaguni game da nuna bambanci. Sun gudanar da tarurruka bayan yarjejeniyar da masu mallakar gidaje a kudancin Isra'ila suka yi don kada su hayar ko sayar da dukiyarsu ga Yahudawa na asalin Habasha. Al'ummar Yahudawa na Habasha sun shiga cikin zanga-zangar bayan bidiyon da ya fito wanda ya nuna 'yan sanda biyu suna doke soja na Habasha da Isra'ila, Demas Fekadeh . &lt;ref name=&quot;clash&quot; /&gt; Duk da yake zanga-zangar da dubban masu zanga-zambe suka yi da farko ba ta da tashin hankali, rikice-rikice da 'yan sanda sun ci gaba. ACRI ta yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan sanda sun kasa gargadi masu zanga-zangar kafin yin amfani da matakan watsa jama'a, kuma amfani da su bai karu a hankali ba. Gwamnati ta sauke tuhumar da aka yi wa Fekadeh, ta kammala cewa bai fara rikici da ya haifar da duka ba.

== Ilimi ==
[[Fayil:GalilSchoolSign.jpg|thumb|Alama a gaban Makarantar Galil, makarantar firamare ta [[Larabawa]] da Yahudawa a Isra'ila.]]
Dokar Ƴancin Dalibai ta [[Isra'ila]] ta shekarar 2000 ta haramta nuna bambanci ga ɗalibai saboda dalilai na ɗarika a shigarwa ko fitarwa daga cibiyar [[ilimi]], a cikin kafa tsarin karatun daban-daban ko gudanar da azuzuwan daban-daban a cikin wannan cibiyar [[ilimi]] guda, da kuma haƙƙoƙi da wajibai na ɗalibai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=חוק זכויות התלמיד באנגלית – Pupils' Rights Law |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/Zchuyot/ChukimVeamanot/Chukim/PupilsRightsLaw |access-date=16 May 2010 |publisher=Cms.education.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Kotun Koli]] ta Isra'ila ta aiwatar da wannan dokar, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar daga iyalan Orthodox waɗanda suka ki tura ƴaƴansu zuwa makarantu masu haɗin kai.
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

== Manazarta==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828971</id>
      <parentid>828808</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T05:41:25Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="84157" sha1="fmbecwd8tqtdjfeoctzu6zykc3ew12s" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
An bayyana Isra'ila a cikin Sanarwar cewa 'yancin kai a matsayin &quot;jaha ta Yahudawa&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Avalon Project : Declaration of Israel's Independence 1948 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Avalon.law.yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; - an karɓi ma'anar doka &quot;Jiha ta Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot; a shekara ta 1985. Baya ga yawancin Yahudawa a yankin ban da [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Yankunan Palasdinawa]] da aka mamaye, Isra'ila gida ce ga 'yan tsiraru na addini da kabilanci, wasu daga cikinsu suna ba da rahoton nuna bambanci. A cikin yankunan Palasdinawa, Gwamnatocin Isra'ila da suka biyo baya sun fuskanci zargi na kasa da kasa daga wasu ƙasashe da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da na cikin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=Israel's apartheid against Palestinians |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Amnesty International]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shakir |first=Omar |date=2021-04-27 |title=A Threshold Crossed |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution |journal=[[Human Rights Watch]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Apartheid |url=https://www.btselem.org/topic/apartheid |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[B'Tselem]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ארכיון Settler Violence |url=https://www.yesh-din.org/en/category/settler-violence/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Yesh Din]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗaya daga cikin Dokokin Ƙananan na Isra'ila, wanda aka nufa don zama tushen kundin tsarin mulki na gaba,  Dokokin Ƙarshen: Darajar Dan Adam da 'Yanci, babban kayan aiki ne don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da' yancin jama'a a Jihar Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gavison |first=Ruth |year=1985 |title=The Controversy over Israel's Bill of Rights |journal=Israel Yearbook of Human Rights |volume=15 |pages=113–154}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah sun nuna cewa wannan dokar ba ta ƙunshi tanadi na gaba ɗaya don daidaito da rashin nuna bambanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inequality Report: The Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel - Adalah |url=https://www.adalah.org/en/content/view/7404 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.adalah.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, sun bayar da rahoton take hakkin bil'adama da kasar Isra'ila ke yi, musamman kan wasu tsiraru. Wadannan rahotanni sun hada da take hakkokin Falasdinawa, na ciki da wajen Isra'ila da kuma wasu kungiyoyi a Isra'ila.

Freedom House ya bayyana Isra'ila a matsayin 'yanci na siyasa da dimokuradiyya fiye da kasashe makwabta a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 January 2013 |title=US watchdog: Israel is Mideast's only 'free' state |url=https://www.jpost.com/National-News/US-watchdog-Israel-is-Mideasts-only-free-state |access-date=21 August 2018 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar na shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, Isra'ila na fuskantar manyan matsalolin kare hakkin bil'adama game da nuna wariya ga hukumomi a kan al'ummar Larabawa na Isra'ila (da yawa daga cikinsu suna bayyana kansu a matsayin Falasdinu), 'yan Isra'ila da mata na Habasha, da kuma kula da 'yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure. Sauran matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam sun haɗa da nuna wariyar hukuma ga Yahudawa waɗanda ba 'yan Orthodox ba da kuma iyalai masu aure, da cin zarafin ma'aikata a kan ma'aikatan kasashen waje.

== Tarihi ==
Majalisar Tarayyar Al'ummai ta amince da ƙuduri a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1931 game da yanayin da ake buƙata kafin a kawo ƙarshen mulkin. Sabuwar gwamnati ta samar da wata sanarwa ta baki ko rubuce-rubuce da ta amince da karɓar wajibin tabbatar da daidaito na kabilanci da addinai. Wannan ƙuduri ya biyo bayan tsohuwar doka ta duniya a lokuta inda manyan iko suka taimaka wajen maido da ikon mallakar yankin. Ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan &quot;Gwamnatin Falasdinu ta nan gaba&quot; ya ƙunshi duka shirin rabuwa da Shirin Kare Ƙananan .  Ya sanya 'yan tsiraru, mata, da' yancin addini a ƙarƙashin kariya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya. Shirin ya ba da takamaiman tabbacin haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali. Sabbin jihohin sun samar da sanarwa, wanda bisa ga abin da ya gabata ya yi daidai da yarjejeniya.&lt;ref&gt;See International Human Rights in Context, Henry J. Steiner, Philip Alston, Ryan Goodman, Oxford University Press US, 2008, {{ISBN|0-19-927942-X}}, page 100&lt;/ref&gt; Kudin ya bayyana cewa &quot;ka'idojin da ke cikin sanarwar an gane su a matsayin manyan dokoki na Jiha, kuma babu wata doka, ka'ida ko aikin hukuma da za su saba wa ko tsoma baki da waɗannan ka'idojin, kuma babu wani doka, ka-idaita ko aikin hukumi da zai mamaye su&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, November 29, 1947, C. Declarations |url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029150108/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |archive-date=29 October 2006 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanarwar kafa kasar Isra'ila ta yi shelar, a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1948, cewa &quot;haƙƙin Yahudawa na sake haifuwa na ƙasa a cikin ƙasarta&quot; an amince da shi a cikin sanarwar Balfour na 2 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1917, kuma an sake tabbatar da shi a cikin Umurnin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya wanda, musamman, ya ba da izini na kasa da kasa da Isra'ila ga Isra'ila da Isra'ila. hakkin Yahudawa na sake gina Gidansa na Ƙasa.&quot; Har ila yau, ta ayyana cewa kasar &quot;za ta kasance a bude don hijirar Yahudawa da kuma tattara 'yan gudun hijirar; za ta bunkasa ci gaban kasar don amfanin dukan mazaunanta; za ta kasance bisa 'yanci, adalci da zaman lafiya kamar yadda annabawan Isra'ila suka tsara; za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na zamantakewa da 'yancin siyasa ga dukan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini, addini ko jinsi ba; za ta ba da tabbaci ga harshe, yanci ko jinsi; kiyaye Wurare Mai Tsarki na dukan addinai; kuma zai kasance da aminci ga ƙa'idodin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.&quot;

Wasu malaman Burtaniya suna jayayya cewa Isra'ila ba ta cika wajibinta na kare haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru ba.&lt;ref&gt;Yvonne Schmidt, &quot;Foundations of Civil and Political Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories&quot;, GRIN Verlag, 2008, {{ISBN|3-638-94450-6}}, page 98&lt;/ref&gt;

Asalin Dokar Isra'ila: Mutuncin Dan Adam da 'Yanci, ya ce muhimman haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Isra'ila za a kiyaye su bisa ga ƙa'idodin da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar, amma ta keɓance musamman dokar da ta riga ta fara aiki. Masana harkokin shari'a na Isra'ila sun ce an yi amfani da kalmomin dokar ne don guje wa wahalar ba da fifiko ga daidaito, wanda ba a san shi ba. Sakamakon shi ne cewa za a iya jujjuya ƙa'idar daidaito ta hanyar doka ta yau da kullun, kuma ba za ta yi watsi da ka'idodin doka ko na alƙalai ba.

== Matsayi na 'yanci,' yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a a Isra'ila ==

=== 'Yancin zama ɗan ƙasa ===
Dokar kasa ta Isra'ila da Dokar Komawa, sun bambanta tsakanin Yahudawa Isra'ilawa da Falasdinawa Isra'ilawa ta hanyar sabunta ra'ayi na kasa yahudawa da ke bambanta da zama dan kasar Isra'ila. Duk da take, Dokar Ƙasa ba ta kafa ra'ayin ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ba, a maimakon haka tana danganta ɗan ƙasa da alaƙar addini.

Dokar Kasa ta ba da izinin Palasdinawa su zama 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila ne kawai idan sun kasance (ko kuma zuriyar waɗanda ke wurin) a Isra'ila tsakanin shekarar 1948 da shekarar 1952. Wadannan ƙuntatawa sun cire duk waɗanda aka kore su ko waɗanda suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 da zuriyarsu. Dokar Komawa ta tabbatar da haƙƙin kowane [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ya yi ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ta atomatik. Falasdinawa da zuriyarsu waɗanda aka kore su ko suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 an hana su wannan haƙƙin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Dokar zama dan kasa da shiga cikin Isra'ila (2003) ta hana Falasdinawa daga yankunan Falasdinawa da aka mamaye 'yancin samun matsayin zama na Isra'ila ko zama dan kasa, ko da a lokuta da suka yi aure da 'yan Isra'ila. Wannan haramcin ya ta'allaka ne kan dan kasa ba kan wani lamari na tsaro ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2008, Knesset ta amince da Dokar zama ɗan ƙasa (gyara Lamba 9) (Ikon soke zama ɗan ƙasa) (2008), wanda ke ba da damar soke zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila bisa ga &quot;cin amana&quot;. Musamman ma, keta amana na iya haɗawa da aikin zama a wasu ƙasashen Larabawa ko musulmi ko yankin Gaza. Wannan doka ta halatta soke zama ɗan ƙasa a kan haka ba tare da an yanke masa hukunci ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

=== Hakki da 'yanci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka yi ===
Binciken da Freedom House mai hedkwata a Amurka ya gudanar a shekara ta 2013, wanda ke kokarin auna irin dimokuradiyya da 'yancin siyasa a kowace kasa, ya sanya Isra'ila tare da Tunisiya a matsayin kasa daya tilo da ke da 'yanci a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com&quot;/&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''Rarrabawar Isra'ila, da yankunan da ta mamaye, ta Freedom House, The Economist Intelligence Unit da Transparency International'''
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
!Kasar / Ƙungiya - NGO
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Gidan 'Yanci
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sashin leken asiri na tattalin arziki
!Bayyanawa ta Duniya
|-
!Rahoton-Ranking
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'Yanci a Duniya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lissafin Dimokuradiyya
!Rashin fahimta na cin hanci da rashawa
|-
!
!Rarraba 'yanci, Wani bangare na 'yanci&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;'Yanci'&lt;/span&gt;, Wani ɓangare na' Yanci, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Ba 'Yanci ba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
![[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|'Yancin siyasa]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[Ƴancin Jama'a|'Yancin Jama'a]]&lt;br /&gt;
!Dimokuradiyya Rarraba Dimokuradiya Cikakken Dimokuradiyar, Dimokuradiyan da ba su da kyau, Tsarin Mulki&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#99f; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Cikakken dimokuradiyya&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;background:#cfc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Dimokuradiyya mara kyau&lt;/span&gt;, Tsarin Mulki na Hybrid, Tsarin Mulki&lt;span style=&quot;background:#fcc; border:1px solid;&quot;&gt;Tsarin mulki na mulkin mallaka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!Cikakken Sakamakon
!Ra'ayoyin cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Isra'ila
| style=&quot;background:#99f;&quot; |'Yanci'
|1
|2
| style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot; |Dimokuradiyya mara kyau
|7.79
|6.0
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |Ba 'Yanci ba
|6
|6
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|''N/A''
|}

; Bayani
:

* Ta hanyar Freedom House 2009 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Map of Freedom in the World |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&amp;year=2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ga 'yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a, 1 yana wakiltar mafi kyawun kyauta kuma 7 mafi ƙarancin kyauta.
* Bisa ga The Economist Intelligence Unit 2010 ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Democracy Index 2010 |url=http://graphics.eiu.com/PDF/Democracy_Index_2010_web.pdf |access-date=2 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cikakken dimokuradiyya suna da jimlar 10 zuwa 8, dimokuradiyar da ba ta dace ba tana da jimlar 7.9 zuwa 6, gwamnatocin haɗin gwiwa suna da jimillar 5.9 zuwa 4, kuma gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna da jimla daga 3.9 zuwa 1. Matsayin dimokuradiyya ya fi girma yayin da ci ya karu.
* Dangane da ƙididdigar cin hanci da rashawa ta duniya ta shekara-shekara,  ci ya kasance daga 10 (mai tsabta) zuwa 0 (mai cin hanci).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=2008 Corruption Perceptions Index |url=http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311002755/http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |archive-date=11 March 2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |website=Transparency International Annual Report |publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun soki gwamnatin Isra'ila saboda kai hari ga kungiyoyin farar hula da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila (ACRI), babbar kungiyar 'yancin jama'a ta Isra'ila, jerin kokarin gwamnatin Isra'ila a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun kai hari kan kungiyoyin fararen hula na Isra'ila da Kotun Koli na Isra'ila. Rahoton ACRI na Disamba 2017 ya gabatar da abin da yake kallo a matsayin misalan harin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ci gaba da kai wa dimokuradiyyar Isra'ila, 'yancin ɗan adam, 'yancin yin zanga-zanga, mutunta kimar daidaici, da 'yancin siyasa, zamantakewa da 'yan tsiraru. Wannan yanayin a Isra'ila an kira shi &quot;rashin bin tsarin mulki&quot; ta wasu masu sharhi na shari'a.

=== Zaben, jam'iyyun siyasa, da wakilci ===
A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan Isra'ila, &quot;Dokar ta bai wa 'yan kasar damar zabar gwamnatinsu a zabukan lokaci-lokaci na 'yanci da adalci bisa tsarin zabe na bai daya, kuma 'yan kasar sun yi amfani da wannan damar.&quot; Zaɓen da aka gudanar a watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2015 an yi la'akari da shi cikin 'yanci da adalci a wurin masu sa ido. An soki sauyin da aka yi a matakin zabe da cewa ya takaita wakilcin kananan jam’iyyu, musamman ma da ke shafar tsirarun Larabawa. Wannan ya sa jam'iyyu hudu masu rinjaye na Larabawa suka hade waje daya, wato Joint List, wanda ya samu kujeru 13, ya kuma zama bangare na uku mafi girma a majalisar Knesset. Galibin Falasdinawa a yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye na rayuwa ne a karkashin mamayar Isra'ila kuma ba 'yan kasar Isra'ila ba ne. Ba a yarda su kada kuri'a a Isra'ila ba.

Doka ta asali: Knesset (1958) da gyare-gyaren da suka biyo baya sun hana jerin jam'iyyun tsayawa takara a majalisar Knesset idan manufofinta ko ayyukanta sun hada da &quot;kyau da wanzuwar kasar Isra'ila a matsayin kasar Yahudawa&quot;. Cibiyar shari'a ta Isra'ila Adalah ta bayyana cewa &quot;wannan dokar ta hana yin amfani da 'yancin yin siyasa cikin 'yanci, ciki har da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da shiga siyasa. Ana amfani da ita sau da yawa don ƙoƙarin hana jam'iyyun siyasa na Larabawa da 'yan majalisar dokoki don neman canza yanayin kasa ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, alal misali, zuwa wata ƙasa da ta dogara da cikakken daidaito na farar hula da na kasa wanda ba ya ba da fifiko ga wata ƙungiya ta kasa fiye da ɗayan, har ma da toshe muhawara kan irin waɗannan shawarwari.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Mata sun fuskanci manyan matsalolin al'adu a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa masu wakiltar ƙungiyoyin addini masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma, a ƙaramin mataki, tsirarun Larabawa. A zaben 2015, Knesset mai mambobi 120 na da mambobi mata 29 da mambobi Larabawa 15. An nada mata uku a majalisar ministocin, kuma a karon farko, wata Balarabe Isra'ila ta jagoranci wani kwamiti na dindindin.

=== 'Yanci na addini ===
[[Fayil:Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg|left|thumb|Ganuwar Yamma, [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]]]]
Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2009 kan Isra'ila da yankunan da ta mamaye, &quot;Dokar Isra'ila ta Bada 'Yanci da Mutunci da 'Yanci ta tanadi 'yancin yin ibada kuma gabaɗaya Gwamnati na mutunta wannan hakki a aikace.&quot; Rahoton ya kara da cewa &quot;Manufar gwamnati ta ci gaba da goyon bayan gudanar da harkokin addini na 'yanci, duk da cewa ana ci gaba da nuna wariya na gwamnati da na shari'a ga wadanda ba Yahudawa ba da kuma na addinin Yahudanci ba&quot; kuma &quot;Yahudawa da yawa 'yan kasar sun ki amincewa da ikon Orthodox na keɓance kan muhimman al'amuran rayuwarsu.&quot; Rahoton ya bayyana cewa kimanin ‘yan kasar 310,000 da suka yi hijira zuwa Isra’ila a karkashin dokar komowa, ba mabiya addinin Orthodoks ke daukar Yahudawa ba, don haka ba za a iya aure ko a sake su ba, ko kuma a binne su a makabartun Yahudawan da ke cikin kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite report|last1=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan samun iko da Yammacin Kogin a shekarar 1967, Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin musulmi damar shiga masallatai, gami da [[Al-Aqsa]], da kuma damar Kirista zuwa majami'u. Isra'ila ta ba da kariya ga wuraren addini na addinan da ba na Yahudawa ba; mafi shahararren Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila (IDF) sun kama wani mutum wanda ya sanar da su shirinsa na kai hari Masallacin Al-Aqsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2006 |title=Police arrest J'lem rabbi who threatened to carry out terror attack on Temple Mount |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/770846.html |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu lokuta, bukukuwan kwanaki masu tsarki ta addinai daban-daban suna da damar haifar da rikici; don haka 'yan sanda na Isra'ila suna daukar matakai don kauce wa rikici tsakanin al'ummomi ta hanyar bayar da ƙuntatawa na wucin gadi kan motsi  da bautar da ake ji. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 September 2006 |title=Restrictions on Old City Jews During Ramadan – Inside Israel – Israel News |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=112595 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar wani rahoto na shekara ta 2009 daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Ofishin Demokraɗiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam, da Kwadago, Isra'ila ta gaza kasancewa al'umma mai juriya ko jam'i. A cewar rahoton, Isra'ila na nuna wariya ga Musulmai, Shaidun Jehobah, Yahudawa masu kawo sauyi, Kirista, mata da kuma Badawiyya. Dukkan wurare 137 masu tsarki da Isra'ila ta amince da su Yahudawa ne, suna yin watsi da kuma yin watsi da wuraren Kirista da na Musulmi, duk da Dokar Kare Wuraren Tsarkakewa ta 1967 da aka yi niyya don kare dukkan wurare masu tsarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 February 2009 |title=2008 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226174854/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |archive-date=26 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=[[US Department of State]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Baha'i|Bangaskiyar Bahá'í]] (a cikin 1960) tana kula da wurin zama na hukumomin su, Gidan Shari'a na Duniya, a Haifa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Baháʼí World Centre |url=http://www.bahai.org/dir/bwc |access-date=31 July 2006 |publisher=[[Baháʼí International Community]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] yana aiki a matsayin addini a Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Diamond Way Buddhism in Israel |url=http://www.buddhism.org.il/?newlang=english |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Diamond Way Buddhism}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Buddhanet's Middle East Buddhist Directory: Israel |url=http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm#israel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627120448/http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm |archive-date=27 June 2006 |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta wallafa nazarin tashin hankali na zamantakewa ta ƙasa. Cibiyar Hostilities Index (SHI) tana auna ayyukan ƙiyayya ta addini ta mutane, ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyin jama'a. &quot;Wannan ya haɗa da taron jama'a ko tashin hankali na ɗarika, cin zarafi kan tufafi saboda dalilai na addini, da sauran tsoratar da addini ko cin zarafi. &quot;  A cikin shekarar 2007, Isra'ila tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 10 da ke da maki sama da 7.1 a sikelin 10; a cikin 2010, Isra'ila da yankunan Palasdinawa sun kasance biyu daga cikin yankuna 15 da ke da mafi girman ƙimar SHI.&lt;ref name=&quot;pewforum.org&quot; /&gt;

=== Dokokin aure da saki ===
Ma'aurata da ke son yin aure na iya yin hakan ne kawai ta hanyar bikin addini, idan Yahudawa, [[Aure a Musulunci|Musulmi]], Kirista, ko wasu. Ma'aurata marasa addini, tun daga shekara ta 2014, na iya samun wani nau'in auren farar hula a Isra'ila, kuma su sami [[Relationships Card|Katin Dangantaka]] ta sabuwar kungiyar da ke canza matsayinsu ga ma'aurata, kuma suna ba su duk hakkokin da suka fito daga gare ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=רשומות הכנסת, קובץ התקנות, 7326, הודעת ברית הזוגיות לחסרי דת (אגרות), התשע&quot;ד-2014. עמוד 486. |url=http://www.justice.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/97DAEDE3-9271-40E7-ADF9-4C91058FAF75/42863/7326.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=משפחה חדשה |url=http://www.news1.co.il/uploadFiles/543728053569794.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=News1.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2014 |title=לראשונה: תעודת הזוגיות של &quot;משפחה חדשה&quot; הוכרה כנישואים |url=http://www.mako.co.il/pride-news/local/Article-bf5f377c4709a41006.htm |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Mako.co.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aure na doka na yau da kullun yana ba ma'aurata hakkoki iri ɗaya da ma'auratan ke morewa. 'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila na iya tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje don auren farar hula, wanda ke da alhakin a ƙarƙashin dokar Isra'ila.

A lokacin Al-Aqsa Intifada a shekara ta 2003, Knesset ta yi gyare-gyare na wucin gadi ga Dokar 'yan kasa da shiga cikin Dokar Isra'ila wanda ya hana Palasdinawa da suka yi aure ga Isra'ilawa samun'ila ko zama. Masu sukar suna jayayya cewa dokar wariyar launin fata ce saboda an yi niyya ne ga Larabawa na Isra'ila waɗanda ke da yiwuwar samun ma'aurata Palasdinawa fiye da sauran Isra'ilawa; masu kare sun ce dokar tana da niyyar hana hare-haren ta'addanci da kiyaye halin Yahudawa na Isra'ilawa. Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambanci tsakanin launin fata ya amince da ƙuduri cewa dokar Isra'ila ta keta yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya game da wariyar launin fata. Jakadan Isra'ila a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva, [[Yaakov Levy]], ya ce ƙudurin &quot;ya kasance mai zurfi na siyasa&quot;, yana mai nuna rashin nasarar kwamitin na ba da buƙatar Isra'ila don gabatar da shaidar &quot;biyan dokar da ke cikin dokar kasa da kasa da kuma aiki&quot;, misalai na &quot;batutuwa masu yawa [inda] ba da matsayin doka ga matan Palasdinawa na mazaunan Isra'ila  yi amfani da shi da mazaunan Palasdinawa don Ta'addanci na kashe kansa&quot;, da kuma watsi da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Turai batun ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Babban Kotun Isra'ila.[was]

Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI) ta shigar da takarda don a soke dokar  amma Kotun Koli ta amince da ita a shekara ta 2006.  A cikin tsara dokar, gwamnati ta ambaci, &quot;bayanan da jami'an tsaro suka gabatar, wanda ya ce kungiyoyin ta'addanci suna ƙoƙarin tattara Palasdinawa waɗanda suka riga sun karɓi ko za su karɓi takardun Isra'ila kuma cewa jami'an tsaron suna da wahalar rarrabe tsakanin Palasdinawa da za su iya taimaka wa 'yan ta'adda da waɗanda ba za su ba&quot;. A cikin hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila game da wannan al'amari, Mataimakin Babban Alkalin Shari'a Mishael Cheshin ya yi jayayya cewa, &quot;yan ƙasar Isra'ila  jin daɗin haƙƙin tsarin mulki don kawo ɗan ƙasar waje zuwa Isra'ila... kuma haƙƙin - ƙari, wajibi ne - na jihar, na kowace jiha, don kare mazaunanta daga waɗanda ke son cutar da su. &quot;

A shekara ta 2009, Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka na Dimokuradiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ayyuka sun soki rashin auren farar hula da saki a Isra'ila ga baƙi waɗanda ba a dauke su Yahudawa a ƙarƙashin dokar rabbi ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Human rights activists have criticised Israel's stay of exit order, saying it unfairly targets divorced men by preventing them from leaving the country indefinitely until they settle the full child support arrears of their children until age 18. While this could easily amount to obligations in the millions of US dollars, even a US$100 debt can trigger a stay of exit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CCF Israel Report of the Israeli Civil Society |url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=tbinternet.ohchr.org |publisher=ccfisrael.org |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106020129/https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The men are required to pay 100% or more of their income, and are jailed for 21 days each time they miss a monthly payment. In 2021, it was reported that an Australian man who was divorced from his Israeli wife was detained from leaving the country in 2013, with the stay of exit being in force until 31 December 9999, or until he paid $3 million in child support arrears. Marianne Azizi, British journalist and head of Coalition of the Children and Families in Israel (CCF), estimated that hundreds more Australians were trapped in the country as a result of the stay of exit. She had been informed by British Embassy officials in Tel Aviv that 100 British nationals per month had been reaching out to them for help in getting out of the country.&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian&quot; /&gt;

A watan Maris na 2019, Azizi ta ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu a Geneva game da take hakkin dan Adam da ta ci gaba da kasancewa sakamakon kai tsaye sakamakon ka'idojin tallafawa yara kanana a Isra'ila, tana mai cewa &quot;... Rayuwar ubanni sama da 2,000 a kashe kansu yana da tsada&quot;. Ta ce Isra'ilawa ba sa bayar da rahoton take hakin bil'adama saboda tsoron &quot;sakamako&quot;, kamar yadda wasu masu fafutuka suka kwace musu 'ya'yansu. Lauyan Mickey Givati, wanda ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya ya ba shi izinin taimakawa baki daga Isra'ila, ya shaida cewa an sanya na'urorin bin diddigin a cikin motarsa da gidansa da kuma wayarsa, kuma an ajiye 'ya'yansa a wani matsuguni ba bisa ka'ida ba.

=== Tsarin shari'a da shari'ar aikata laifuka ===
Dokar Isra'ila ta tanadi 'yancin yin shari'a ta gaskiya da kuma shari'a mai zaman kanta. Rahoton da Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra’ila ya nuna cewa a wasu lokuta kotuna suna yanke hukunci a kan bangaren zartarwa, ciki har da wasu shari’o’in tsaro. Kungiyoyin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam sun yi imanin ana mutunta wadannan bukatu gaba daya. Tsarin yana da adawa kuma ƙwararrun alkalai ne ke yanke hukunci. Wadanda ake tuhuma marasa galihu suna samun wakilci na tilas. Wasu yankunan kasar na karkashin ikon shari'a daban-daban na kotunan soji. An yi imanin cewa waɗannan kotuna sun yi daidai da sauran kotunan laifuka na Isra'ila kan batutuwan da suka shafi fararen hula. Ba za a iya yanke hukunci a waɗannan kotuna bisa ikirari kaɗai ba.

=== Hukuncin kisa ===
A halin yanzu dai dokar Isra'ila ta ba da damar yanke hukuncin kisa kan manyan laifukan da aka aikata a lokacin yaki, amma an soke shi a lokacin zaman lafiya. Laifukan da ake aikatawa a lokacin yaƙi sun haɗa da kisan kiyashi, laifuffukan da ake yi wa Yahudawa, laifuffukan cin zarafin ɗan adam, da laifukan yaƙi. Mutum daya tilo da aka taba yankewa hukuncin kisa bayan an same shi da laifi a wata kotun farar hula ta Isra’ila shi ne mai laifin yakin Nazi Adolf Eichmann .

=== 'Yancin fursunoni ===
B'Tselem ta ruwaito cewa an yi ta azabtar da mutanen da ba a zarginsu da aikata laifuka, wadanda suka hada da malaman addini, shehunai da malaman addini, masu fafutuka a kungiyoyin agaji, da daliban Musulunci. Sauran da za a azabtar da su sun hada da ’yan’uwa da sauran dangin mutanen da aka lissafa a matsayin wadanda ake so da kuma duk wani Bafalasdine a cikin aikin injiniya. A wasu lokutan kuma, an kama matan da ake tsare da su tare da wulakanta su don kara matsa wa mazajensu. Jami’an ISA a wasu lokutan suna azabtar da Falasdinawa domin daukar su a matsayin masu hada kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Background of the High Court of Justice's Decision |url=http://www.btselem.org/torture/background |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

B'Tselem ta kiyasta cewa ISA na yin tambayoyi tsakanin Falasdinawa 1,000 zuwa 1,500 a kowace shekara kuma tana amfani da hanyoyin da za su zama azabtarwa ga wasu kashi 85 cikin 100 na su, akalla mutane 850 a shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;btselem.org&quot;/&gt;

[[Amnesty International]] ta kuma bayar da rahoton yin amfani da azabtarwa ga fursunonin Palasdinawa, tare da tsare-tsare, ba tare da shari'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Human rights in Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty ta ruwaito cewa an tsare Palasdinawa sama da 2,200 daga yankin Yammacin da aka mamaye a watan farko na Yaƙin Gaza na shekarar 2023. Bayanai da rikodin bidiyo sun nuna azabtar da fursunoni, gami da mummunan duka da wulakanci ga fursunoni.  Ta hanyar tilasta musu su sa kawunansu su kwanta, su durƙusa a ƙasa yayin ƙididdigar fursunoni&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=Israel/OPT: Horrifying cases of torture and degrading treatment of Palestinian detainees amid spike in arbitrary arrests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/11/israel-opt-horrifying-cases-of-torture-and-degrading-treatment-of-palestinian-detainees-amid-spike-in-arbitrary-arrests/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani rahoto na shekara ta 1978 daga karamin ofishin jakadancin da ke birnin Kudus ya bayyana shari’ar sojan da aka yi wa wasu matasa ‘yan kasar Amurka guda biyu wadanda suka ba da rahoton cewa mahukuntan Isra’ila sun yi amfani da karfin tuwo wajen samun ikirari daga wajensu. Rahoton ya kammala da cewa hukumomin Isra'ila na sane da cewa mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da &quot;tilastawa ta jiki da musgunawa&quot; wajen samun ikirari.

Hukumar Landau ta shekarar 1987, karkashin jagorancin mai shari'a Moshe Landau na Kotun Koli, an nada ta ne domin ta binciki hanyoyin tambayoyi na Hukumar Tsaron Isra'ila (ISA) kuma ta ce &quot;ba za a iya guje wa yin matsananciyar matsin lamba ba&quot;. Duk da haka, hukumar ta yi Allah wadai da wata takarda ta cikin gida ta shekarar 1982 wadda ta umurci masu yin tambayoyi kan irin karyar da ya kamata su yi a kotu lokacin da suke musanta cewa za su yi amfani da karfin jiki wajen samun ikirari. Ta yi Allah-wadai da shedar karya da abin ya shafa amma ta ba da shawarar a guji hukunta wadanda suka aikata ta. Sashi na biyu na rahoton Landau ya kasance sirri ne, an yi imanin cewa yana ɗauke da ƙa'idodin hanyoyin tambayoyi da aka halatta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Landau Commission examined interrogation methods |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/Torture/Background.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hukumar Landau ta kai ga daruruwan korafe-korafe da Falasdinawa da ake tsare da su suka yi na korafin cewa an yi amfani da karfi a kansu a lokacin da ISA ke yi musu tambayoyi. A cikin keɓantattun shari'o'i, an ba da umarnin wucin gadi na ɗan lokaci da ke hana ISA amfani da duka ko wasu hanyoyin, amma a watan Satumba na 1999, Kotun Koli ta ƙi yanke hukunci ko suna da doka a ƙarƙashin dokokin Isra'ila da na duniya.

A cikin 1994, Rahoton Kwanturolan Jiha (wanda aka fitar a taƙaitaccen tsari a cikin Fabrairu 2000) ya gano cewa hanyoyin tambayoyin ISA sun saba wa doka, ƙa'idodin Hukumar Landau, da ƙa'idodin cikin gida wanda sabis ɗin kansa ya tsara.

A watan Yulin shekarar 2002, ''Haaretz'' ya nakalto wani babban jami'in ISA yana cewa, tun lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke shawara, an bayyana Falasdinawa 90 a matsayin &quot;bamai masu saurin kai&quot; da kuma &quot;hanyar tambayoyi masu ban mamaki, &quot;watau azabtarwa, an yi amfani da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ha'aretz quoted a senior GSS official |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/torture/ |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran masu tambayoyin Isra'ila sun yarda cewa ISA &quot;tana amfani da duk wani magudi mai yiwuwa, har zuwa girgiza da bugawa. &quot; Yawancin bayanan daga Falasdinawa sun tabbatar da cewa azabtarwa har yanzu yana cikin tambayoyin Israʼila. 

According to a 2011 report by two Israeli human rights organisations, the Public Committee Against Torture (PCAT) and Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), Israeli doctors fail to report suspected torture and conceal related information, allowing Israeli Security Agency interrogators to use torture against Palestinian detainees.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harriet Sherwood |date=3 November 2011 |title=Israeli doctors 'failing to report torture of Palestinian detainees' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/03/israeli-doctors-report-torture-palestinian |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, wata doka ta ba da izinin tilasta ciyar da fursunoni masu fama da yunwa. Koyaya, Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Isra'ila ta bayyana dokar ba ta da kyau kuma ta bukaci likitoci da su ƙi aiwatar da ita.

==== Shirye-shiryen ilimi ====
Ana ba fursunoni damar ɗaukar darussan kan layi daga Open University of Israel, da kuma kammala digiri na ilimi. Wannan ba haƙƙin da aka ba shi ba ne amma fa'ida, dangane da halin kirki, tare da hukumomin kurkuku suna biyan kuɗin karatunsu na jami'a. Darussan suna cikin fannoni na: bil'adama, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, gudanarwa, ilimin halayyar dan adam da kimiyyar siyasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;knesset.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yaniv Ronen |date=28 November 2012 |title=לימודים אקדמיים של אסירים ביטחוניים |trans-title=Academic studies of security prisoners |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504160748/https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2015 |language=he}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar ita ce ta ba fursunoni kayan aiki don magance rayuwa a waje, don haka bayan an sake su daga kurkuku za su sami ilimi mai dacewa don taimaka musu samun aiki, da kuma hana su komawa rayuwar aikata laifuka.

==== Fursunoni na siyasa ====
A cikin shekarar 2011, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-Moon ya ce Isra'ila ta tsare dubban Palasdinawa a matsayin fursunonin siyasa, kuma ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta sake su. Ban ya ce sakin fursunonin siyasa zai &quot;yi aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar gina amincewa&quot; kuma ya bunkasa damar zaman lafiya a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 March 2011 |title=United Nations News Centre |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=37698&amp;Cr=palestin&amp;Cr1 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=UN News Service Section}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amnesty International ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta saki fursunonin siyasa, tana mai cewa &quot;duk fursunonin siyasar da aka tsare ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba ya kamata a yi musu shari'a a shari'a ko kuma a sake su nan da nan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press Releases |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603062041/http://amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |archive-date=3 June 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

John Dugard ya kwatanta zaman kurkukun da Isra'ila ke yi wa Falasdinawa da manufofin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, yana mai cewa &quot;'Yan sandan tsaron wariyar launin fata sun aiwatar da azabtarwa sosai, haka ma jami'an tsaron Isra'ila. Akwai fursunonin siyasa da dama a tsibirin Robben amma akwai karin fursunonin siyasa na Falasdinawa a gidajen kurkukun Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=John Dugard |title=Apartheid and the occupation of Palestine |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/11/201111395153781378.html |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Tsayar da gudanarwa =====
Tsayawa na gudanarwa hanya ce da ake tsare fursunoni ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba. An ba da izinin hukunce-hukuncen ta hanyar umarnin gudanarwa daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Isra'ila ko kwamandojin soja na Isra'ila. [[Amnesty International]] ta yi imanin cewa aikin ya karya Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa wanda &quot;ya bayyana cewa babu wanda ya kamata a tsare shi da gangan kuma cewa hana 'yanci dole ne ya dogara da dalilai da hanyoyin da doka ta kafa&quot;. Amnesty International ta kuma damu da cewa fursunonin lamiri suna &quot;tsare ne kawai don yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya ba tare da tashin hankali ba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 1997 |title=Administrative detention: Despair, uncertainty and lack of due process |url=http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES\ISRAEL\OCCUPIED+TERRITORIES |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922021743/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&amp;of=COUNTRIES%5CISRAEL%5COCCUPIED%2BTERRITORIES |archive-date=22 September 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar B'Tselem a halin yanzu akwai Falasdinawa 645 da ke tsare a karkashin tsare-tsare ta Isra'ila da kuma 105 ta IDF. Yawancin ana kiyaye su a Yammacin Kogin Yamma a sansanin Soja na Ofer ko a sansanin soja na Ansar 3 / Ketziot a cikin hamadar Negev . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 July 2006 |title=Administrative Detention |url=http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824195154/http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |archive-date=24 August 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Shirye-shiryen ilimi a kurkuku don tsare-tsare =====
A shekara ta 2009, akwai fursunonin Palasdinawa 250 da ke karatu a Jami'ar Isra'ila. A watan Yunin shekarar 2011, Firayim Minista Benjamin Netanyahu ya sanar, don mayar da martani ga dakatar da tattaunawar zaman lafiya, cewa ba za a ba fursunonin Palasdinawa damar neman digiri na ilimi a kurkuku ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Barak Ravid |date=23 June 2011 |title=Netanyahu: Israel to toughen conditions of Palestinian prisoners |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/netanyahu-israel-to-toughen-conditions-of-palestinian-prisoners-1.369269 |access-date=16 May 2012 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshen shekara ta 2012, fursunoni uku sun daukaka kara ga Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya ki amincewa da roko. A cikin hukunce-hukuncen su, alƙalai sun bayyana cewa haƙƙin samun ilimi na jami'a kyauta bai shafi waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci na laifuffukan ta'addanci ba. Hukuncin, duk da haka, ya yi kira ga hukumomin kurkuku da su &quot;yi la'akari&quot; da yanke shawara game da shari'o'in fursunoni da suka riga sun kasance a tsakiyar shirye-shiryen ilimi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 December 2012 |title=Court: End of Free College for Terrorists |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/163549 |access-date=24 March 2014 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 'Yanci na magana da kafofin watsa labarai ===
[[Fayil:Israeli_Press_1949.jpg|thumb|Sashe na jaridu na Isra'ila a cikin 1949.]]
Censorship a Isra'ila ana gudanar da shi ne a hukumance ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila, wani sashi a cikin gwamnatin Isra'ila wanda aka ba shi aiki a hukumance don aiwatar da censorship na kariya game da buga bayanan da zasu iya shafar tsaro Isra'ila. Babban mai binciken Isra'ila ne ke jagorantar hukumar, jami'in soja wanda Ministan Tsaro na Isra'ila ya nada, wanda ya ba Babban mai binciken ikon hana bayanan da ya ga ya dace da kasancewa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aluf Benn |date=July–August 2001 |title=Israel: Censoring the past |url=http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619213158/http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences |publisher=University of Maryland}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=P.R. Kumaraswamy |date=September 1998 |title=India and Israel: Evolving Strategic Partnership |url=http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/publications/40pub.html |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Mideast Security and Policy Studies |publisher=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamar Shirin [[makaman nukiliya]] na Isra'ilawa da ayyukan soja na Isra'il a waje da iyakokinta. A matsakaici, labaran jarida 2240 a Isra'ila suna tantancewa ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila a kowace shekara, kusan 240 daga cikinsu a cikakke, kuma kusan 2000 a wani ɓangare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2021 |title=נתונים חדשים חושפים טפח מאחורי הקלעים של יחסי הצנזורה הצבאית והעיתונות הישראלית |url=https://www.the7eye.org.il/419412 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=העין השביעית |language=he-IL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dole ne a gabatar da labarai game da batutuwan da za su iya kawo rigima ga Mai binciken Sojojin Isra'ila a gaba; rashin yin hakan na iya sa mai ba da rahoto ya rasa damarsa na aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Isra'ila  kuma, game da manema labarai na ƙasashen waje, a hana shi daga ƙasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;BBCsorry&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2005 |title=BBC says sorry to Israel |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/mar/12/israel.broadcasting |website=the Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Matar |first=Haggai |date=2020-03-09 |title=IDF censor redacted two thousand news items in 2019 |url=https://www.972mag.com/idf-censor-israeli-media-2019/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=+972 Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=IDF Military Censor banned nearly 300 articles last year |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/idf-military-censor-banned-nearly-300-articles-last-year-562318 |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila, &quot;doka ta tanadi 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da 'yan jarida, kuma gaba daya gwamnati na mutunta wadannan hakkoki a aikace idan aka yi la'akari da takunkumin da ya shafi tsaro.&quot; Dokar ta tanadi 'yancin yin taro da ƙungiyoyi, kuma gabaɗaya gwamnati na mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a aikace.

Wasu jami'an gwamnati da wasu na sukar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da Isra'ila ke da shi a lokacin da suke gudun hijira daga [[zirin Gaza]] da yammacin kogin Jordan. Wannan ya haifar da sukar da ake cewa &quot;Hukumomi sun dauki matakan da ba su dace ba, tare da cin zarafin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da zanga-zangar siyasa ba tare da wani dalili ba.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;acri&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=ACRI Report Slashes Civil Rights Abuses and Privatization |url=http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060622145646/http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-date=22 June 2006 |access-date=28 July 2006 |website=Annual Report on Israel |publisher=The Association for Civil Rights in Israel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Isra'ila, manufofin gwamnatinta suna fuskantar zargi daga manema labarai da kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban na siyasa, haƙƙin ɗan adam da masu sa ido,   wadanda suka hada da Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI), B'Tselem, Machsom Watch, Mata a cikin Baƙar fata da Mata don Isra'ila Gobe. A cewar kungiyar 'yancin' yan jarida Reporters Without Borders, &quot;Kafofin yada labarai na Isra'ila sun sake kasancewa a cikin shekarar 2005 wadanda kawai ke da' yancin gaske don yin magana. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Israel – Annual report 2006 |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181318/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&amp;Valider=OK |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=12 August 2006 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, a cikin 2010, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da ke aiki a Isra'ila suka koka game da mummunan yanayi a kasar, kuma sun ce suna fuskantar hari saboda sukar manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyoyin sun ce wasu shugabannin Isra'ila suna ganin zargi da kare hakkin dan adam a matsayin barazana ga halattacciyar Isra'ila, musamman bayan Zargin laifukan yaki da sojojin Isra'ila game da Yakin Gaza (2008-09). 

A shekara ta 2009, Isra'ila ta kasance ta 93 a cikin Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index, daga shekarar da ta gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Reporters Without Borders – Press Freedom Index 2009 |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2013, Isra'ila ta sauka zuwa 112 daga cikin kasashe 179 a cikin Freedom Index na jarida. 'Yan jarida ba tare da iyaka ba sun bayyana cewa canjin ya faru ne saboda ayyukan Isra'ila a cikin Operation Pillar of Defense lokacin da ta ce &quot;Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila da gangan sun kai hari kan' yan jarida da gine-gine inda kafofin watsa labarai da ke da alaƙa da Hamas ke da mahalli&quot;. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta soki kama 'yan jarida na Palasdinawa da kuma tantancewar soja. Freedom House ta sanya Isra'ila a matsayin mai yanayin kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Sashi na 'yanci&quot; a cikin shekara ta 2009. A baya, Isra'ila ita ce kadai kasar da ke cikin yankin da ke da kafofin watsa labarai na &quot;Free&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Press Freedom Rankings by Region 2009 |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&amp;year=2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) A cikin shekarar 2023, Isra'ila da kanta, ba tare da haɗa Gaza Strip ko Gabashin Urushalima ba, an jera su a matsayin &quot;Free&quot;,  yayin da Gaza Strip da West Bank suka kasance &quot;Ba Free ba&quot;.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israel: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/israel/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gaza Strip: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/gaza-strip/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=West Bank: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/west-bank/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2003, hukumar fim din Isra'ila ta haramta nuna fim din kasuwanci game da [[Jenin]]_(2002)&quot; id=&quot;mwAxM&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Battle of Jenin (2002)&quot;&gt;Yaƙin Jenin na 2002.  Fim din, ''Jenin, Jenin'' ne, tarin ganawa ne da mazaunan sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Jenin da aka yi fim a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2002, mako guda bayan yakin. Mohammad Bakri, Larabawa na Isra'ila, ya jagoranci fim din. An dakatar da fim din ne saboda zargin da ake yi na [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]] da Sojojin Isra'ila suka aikata, wanda hukumar ta yi la'akari da karya da cutar da iyalan sojoji. Bayan shari'ar shari'a, an shigar da takarda a Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya soke shawarar hukumar, kuma ya ba da izinin nuna fim din a cikin fina-finai &quot;don jama'a su yanke shawara&quot;, yayin da yake lura cewa fim din &quot;cike da ƙarya&quot;, ba fim ba ne, kuma an yi shi &quot;ba tare da bangaskiya ba&quot;, ta hanyar ƙarya yana nuna sojojin Isra'ila a matsayin &quot;mafi munin masu aikata laifuka&quot;.

A watan Janairun 2011, majalisar dokokin Isra'ila ta amince da wani kuduri na hannun dama na binciken wasu sanannun kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na Isra'ila saboda &quot;lalata&quot; sojojinta. Binciken zai haifar da bincike kan tallafin kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da dama wadanda suka soki manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila ta bayyana matakin a matsayin &quot;mummunan rauni&quot; ga demokradiyyar Isra'ila, kuma masu sukar manufofin sun yi wa manufar &quot;McCarthyist&quot;.

A cikin shekara ta 2015, Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta amince da manyan tanadi na dokar da ke haifar da sakamako ga waɗanda ke kira ga kauracewa Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye. Hukuncin ya haifar da muhawara, tare da wasu nuna rashin amincewa da shi yana kawo karshen 'yancin magana yayin da wasu ke cewa yana tabbatar da matsayin Isra'ila kan &quot;tsarin lalacewar BDS&quot; (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement). Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila sun yi korafi game da dokar, suna mai cewa ta keta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Magoya bayan dokar sun ce ta haramta &quot; nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin ƙasa&quot;.  &quot;Don cire kiran kauracewa daga rukunin 'yancin magana ba daidai ba ne&quot;, in ji Rabbi David Rosenn, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na New Israel Fund (NIF). &quot;Babu wani bangare na daban don magana wanda ke siyasa. Magana mafi mahimmanci shine siyasa, kuma ya kamata mutane su sami damar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ba tare da tsoron takunkumin gwamnati ba. &quot;

Dokar ta ba 'yan sanda damar iyakance tunzura ga tashin hankali ko kalaman ƙiyayya kuma ta haramta kiran mutane &quot;Nazis&quot; ko &quot;fascists&quot;. Dokar Rigakafin Ta'addanci ta hana bayyana goyon bayan kungiyar da ake ganin ta sabawa doka ko ta'addanci.

On 24 November 2024, Israel's government ordered a boycott of the newspaper ''Haaretz'' by government officials and anyone working for a government-funded body, and banned government advertising with the newspaper. According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''Haaretz'' &quot;had published a series of investigations of wrongdoing or abuses by senior officials and the armed forces, and has long been in the crosshairs of the current government.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2023, wani rahoto daga Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya nuna cewa Isra'ila ta kasance ta shida mafi girma a duniya don kama' yan jarida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israeli arrests of Palestinian journalists soared in 2023: CPJ |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/18/israeli-arrests-of-palestinian-journalists-soared-in-2023-cpj |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin Yaƙin Gaza, Falasdinawa sun bayyana cin zarafin soja a kan sakonnin kafofin sada zumunta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Molana-Allen |first=Leila |title=Palestinians describe harassment from Israeli forces over social media posts during war |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/palestinians-describe-harassment-from-israeli-forces-over-social-media-posts-during-war |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2024, Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya sanya Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasa ta biyu mafi muni a duniya don ba da damar masu kisan 'yan jarida su tafi ba tare da hukunta su ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Liam |title=Haiti, Israel ranked worst for securing justice in journalist killings |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/haiti-israel-ranked-worst-for-securing-justice-in-journalist-killings/7845113.html |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Voice of America}}&lt;/ref&gt;

; 'Yan Jarida Ba tare da iyakoki ba

Kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta fitar da rahoto na shekara-shekara kan 'yancin 'yan jarida a duniya, mai suna Index na 'Yancin Jarida. An fara buga irin wannan na farko a shekara ta 2002. Sakamakon da Isra'ila da Hukumar Falasdinawa ta samu daga 2002 zuwa yau an nuna su a ƙasa, tare da ƙananan lambobi suna nuna kyakkyawar kulawa ga 'yan jarida:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:1em auto;&quot;
!Shekara
!Isra'ila (Yankin Isra'ila) 
!Isra'ila (na waje) 
!Hukumomin Palasdinawa
!Mafi munin Shekara
!Rahoton URL
|-
|2002
|92
|Ba a bayyana ba
|82
|139
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213848/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|44
|146
|130
|166
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213853/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
|36
|115
|127
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220042227/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |archive-date=20 December 2008 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|47
|Ba a bayyana ba
|132
|167
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429110315/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |archive-date=29 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|50
|135
|134
|168
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604161952/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |archive-date=4 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|44
|103
|158
|169
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421060910/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |archive-date=21 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|46
|149
|163
|173
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607100340/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |archive-date=7 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|93
|150
|161
|175
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Hakkin sirri ==
A cewar wani rahoto na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra'ila, &quot;[l] aws da ka'idoji sun tanadi kariya ga sirrin mutum da na gida. A cikin shari'o'in laifuka doka ta ba da izinin sauraron waya a karkashin umarnin kotu; a lokuta na tsaro dole ne ma'aikatar tsaro ta ba da oda.&quot;

== 'Yancin mata ==
Aure da saki suna karkashin ikon kotuna na addini ne, wanda a aikace yake haifar da tsangwama ga mata a cikin wadannan bangarori na shari'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta zartar da dokar da ta ba da kariya ga mata daga tashin hankalin gida. A shekarar 2022, mata 24 abokan aikinsu ko wasu ‘yan uwansu ne a cewar ‘yan sandan Isra’ila, inda aka ce an kashe mata 69 a Isra’ila a tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa watan Agusta shekarar 2022. 40 daga cikin wadannan matan Palasdinawa ne, fiye da rabin wadannan shari’o’in ‘yan sanda ba su warware ba. Akasin haka, an warware shari’ar kowacce daga cikin kisan gilla 29 na matan Yahudawa da Isra’ilawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci ga mata.

Mata a Isra'ila ba koyaushe aka tabbatar da daidaiton jinsi a bayyane ba. Kodayake sanarwar 'yancin kai ta Isra'ila ta bayyana cewa &quot;Jam'iyyar Isra'ila [...] za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na' yancin zamantakewa da siyasa ga dukkan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini ba, launin fata ko jima'i,&quot; wannan ji ba a ba da ikon tsarin mulki ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1948 |title=The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel |url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/general/declaration-of-establishment-state-of-israel |access-date=January 29, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, kotunan Isra'ila, a tsawon lokaci, sun bayyana cewa daidaito tsakanin jinsi shine &quot;ka'idar tsarin shari'a&quot; a Isra'ila، kuma mata sun ga mafi yawan shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a ta Isra'ila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2021 |title=Equality, Religion and Gender in Israel |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/equality-religion-and-gender-in-israel |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 July 2021 |title=Israel Women's Network |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/israel-womens-network |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1969, Isra'ila ta zabi Golda Meir a matsayin firaminista kuma ta zama kasa ta hudu da mace ke rike da irin wannan mukami. A shekara ta 2010, wakilan majalisar mata a Isra'ila ya kai kashi 18 cikin 100, wanda ya zarce na kasashen Larabawa da kashi 6 cikin 100, daidai da na majalisar dokokin Amurka, kuma ya yi kasa da matsakaicin kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasashen Scandinavia.

Majalisar dokokin Isra'ila, The Knesset, ta kafa kwamitin kula da matsayin mata don magance 'yancin mata. Makasudin da aka bayyana na wannan kwamiti shine hana wariya, yaki da cin zarafin mata, da inganta daidaito a harkokin siyasa, abubuwan rayuwa da ilimi. A cikin 1998, Knesset ta zartar da wata doka don &quot;Rigaka da Cin Duri da Jima'i&quot;.

Wani rahoto na shekarar 2009 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ya ambaci matsalolin auren jama'a, agunot ('mata masu sarka) ba za su iya saki ba tare da izinin miji ba), da kuma hidimar addu'o'in jinsin jinsi a bangon Yamma.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2009&quot;/&gt;

Ana haɓaka haƙƙoƙin mata ta hanyar &quot;Kawo Mata A Gaba: Haɗin Kan Mata&quot;, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar Asusun Haɗin gwiwar Mata na Yahudawa. Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda bakwai a Isra'ila sune Cibiyar Adva, Ruhun Mata, Itach-Maaki: Lauyoyin Mata don Adalci na zamantakewa, Cibiyar Mahut, Cibiyar Mata ta Isra'ila (IWN), Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki ga Mata (EEW) da Achoti ('yar'uwa) ga Mata a Isra'ila.

=== Mata Larabawa a Isra'ila ===
Matan Larabawa-Isra'ila suna shiga cikin harkokin gwamnati da na jama'a. Hussniya Jabara ita ce mace Balarabiya ta farko da ta fara aiki a majalisar Knesset. Dangane da sashe na 15 na Ma'aikatar Jama'a [waɗanda] mata da Larabawa-Isra'ilawa suna da haƙƙin tabbatar da aiki a aikin ma'aikacin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=העדפה מתקנת בעבודה ובשירות הציבורי |url=http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201010211/http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |archive-date=1 February 2013 |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Moital.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ayyuka masu kyau ===
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan mata na Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)&quot;&gt;further explanation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Hakkin LGBT ==
Hakkin 'Yan tsiraru na jima'i a Isra'ila ana ɗaukar su mafi haƙuri a Gabas ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=LGBT+ rights and issues in the Middle East |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9457/CBP-9457.pdf |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=Commons Library Research Briefing, 9 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake Isra'ila ba ta halatta auren jinsi ɗaya ba, auren jinsi ɗaya da ke aiki a ƙasashen waje an amince da shi bisa doka a Isra'ila. Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin 'yancin jama'a ga yawan masu luwadi, gami da' yancin tallafi da amfanin abokin tarayya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Walzer |first=Lee |date=21 February 2002 |title=Queer in the Land of Sodom |url=http://www.thegully.com/essays/gaymundo/020220_gay_israel_history.html |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=The Gully}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isra'ila kuma ta ba da matsayin aure na doka ga ma'aurata na cikin gida na jinsi ɗaya. Dokar sodomy da aka gada daga Mandate na Burtaniya na Falasdinu an soke ta a shekarar 1988, kodayake akwai umarni mai bayyanawa da Babban Lauyan Isra'ila ya bayar a shekarar 1953 wanda ya umarci 'yan sanda da su guji aiwatar da wannan dokar, muddin babu wasu laifuka da suka shafi. Dokar kare hakkin ɗan luwaɗi ta ƙasa ta haramta wasu nuna bambanci ga 'yan luwadi, gami da aiki; ana yin wasu keɓancewa ga ƙungiyoyin addini. A baya, aikin soja na masu luwadi yana ƙarƙashin wasu ƙuntatawa. An ɗaga waɗannan ƙuntatawa a cikin 1993, suna ba da damar masu luwadi su yi aiki a bayyane a duk sassan sojoji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Homosexual rights around the world |url=http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210062004/http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |archive-date=10 December 2005 |access-date=20 November 2011 |website=Gay Rights Info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Maris 2014, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da umarni da ke nuna cewa an haɗa aikin tiyatar jima'i a cikin tallafin kiwon lafiya da aka ba wa 'yan ƙasa. Duk da haka, a cikin watan Mayu Haaretz ya ruwaito cewa wata kungiyar kula da lafiya ta ki biyan kudin tiyatar canjin jima'i guda biyu, wanda ya haifar da kashe kudade masu yawa daga marasa lafiya. Wata rundunar LGBTI ta kasa ta gano cewa kashi 80 cikin 100 na masu canza jinsi, kashi 50 na 'yan madigo da kashi 20 cikin 100 na mazan luwadi ana nuna musu wariya yayin neman aikin yi.

== Hakkin ƙasa ==
Asusun yahudawa (JNF) yana iko da kashi 13% na ƙasar Isra'ila; wannan ƙasa an keɓe ta ne don amfanin Yahudawan Isra'ila keɓanta. Kasa da kashi 4% na ƙasar Isra'ila mallakar ƴan ƙasar Larabawa ne, duk da Larabawa da ke da kashi 20% na al'ummar ƙasar. An ɗauka gabaɗaya, kashi 93% na ƙasar a Isra'ila ana iko da ko dai ƙasar Isra'ila ko JNF; Ana kiran waɗannan ƙasashe a hukumance da &quot;ƙasashen Isra'ila.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Canje-canjen kwanan nan (wanda aka yi a cikin 2010) zuwa Dokar Kasa (Samun don Manufofin Jama'a) (1943), yana nufin tabbatar da ikon mallakar ƙasa na ƙasar da aka kwace daga Falasɗinawa (daga 1948 zuwa gaba) ta hanyar toshe iƙirarin Falasɗinawa na mallakar ƙasar da aka kwace a ƙarƙashin wannan doka, ko da a wuraren da ba a taɓa amfani da ita don dalilai na jama'a ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Cibiyar shari'ar Isra'ila Adalah ta bayar da rahoton cewa, &quot;A zahiri, an toshe Falasdinawa 'yan Isra'ila daga siye ko ba da hayar filaye a kusan kashi 80% na ƙasar Isra'ila bisa tushen ƙasarsu.&quot; Sakamakon, a cewarsu, shine &quot;mafi yawancin filayen gwamnati sun ƙunshi keɓaɓɓu, yankunan Yahudawa kaɗai.&quot; Adalah ya bayyana manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da ake aiwatar da keɓancewa daga mallakar filaye da amfani da su; ta hanyar abin da ake kira &quot;kwamitocin shiga&quot; da kuma ta hanyar abin da Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin manufofin nuna wariya na hukumomin jihohi da JNF.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Waɗannan kwamitocin shigar sun duba masu neman rukunin gidaje a garuruwan noma da al'umma a Isra'ila kuma sun haɗa da wani babban jami'i daga Ƙungiyar Sahayoniya ta Duniya ko Hukumar Yahudawa. Kusan garuruwa 700 a cikin Isra'ila (wanda ke lissafin kusan kashi 70% na duk garuruwan Isra'ila) suna da alaƙa da kwamitocin shiga. Sharuɗɗan da waɗannan kwamitocin suka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da ka'idojin dacewa, wanda Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin sabani da rashin gaskiya. Adalah ta ruwaito cewa ana tace Larabawa da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Isra'ila ta hanyar amfani da wannan ka'idojin dacewa. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Yahudawan Mizrahi da ƴan luwaɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, garuruwa da yawa a Isra'ila sun amince da dokoki da ke jaddada halayensu na Yahudawa, suna ƙayyade shigarwa cikin al'umma akan &quot;aminci ga hangen nesa na Zionist&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Nuna wariya ƙasar manufofin ne zuwa babban har kore da manufofin na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar ƙasar Isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin 1949 da 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF wakilan (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan ƙasar Isra'ila da ake kira manufofin ƙasa a cikin jihar 3. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan manufofin ya hana JNF ƙasar da za a ba wa waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

== Ƙananan kabilanci, dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci da shige da fice ==
Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu da Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan bambancin launin fata.

Nuna wariya ronu ne zuwa babban kore da tsofo na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da shekarar 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF rufi (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan Isra'ila a cikin iska daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin Isra'ila. hana JNF hadarin da za a ba wa koyarwa ba Yahudawa ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2009 |title=Gender and employment [Areas of work&amp;#93; |url=http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427190455/http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |archive-date=27 April 2009 |access-date=2010-07-22 |publisher=Ilo.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba ma'aikatan Larabawa a Ma'aikatu daban-daban &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Ma'aikatar
!% Ma'aikatan Larabawa 
|-
|Lafiya
|7.2
|-
|Ilimi
|6.2
|-
|Adalci
|3.9
|-
|Masana'antu, Ciniki da Aiki
|3.4
|-
|Sufuri
|2.3
|-
|Gidaje
|1.3
|-
|Kudi
|1.2
|}
Duk da Dokar Aiki (1998), kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah ta ba da rahoton cewa 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila suna fuskantar nuna bambanci a cikin damar aiki, albashi da yanayi. Adalah ta kuma ba da rahoton cewa jihar Isra'ila kanta (mafi girman ma'aikaci a Isra'ila) ba ta aiwatar da wannan dokar ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Misali, 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila da ke aiki a matsayin masu kwangila a cikin gyare-gyare a cibiyoyin ilimi na Isra'ilawa suna ƙarƙashin iyakancewa wanda Yahudawa Isra'ilawa ba sa ƙarƙashin su. Wannan ya haɗa da buƙatar dan kwangila ya hayar mai tsaro mai dauke da makami a wurin aiki a kan kuɗin kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khromchenko |first=Yulie |date=Mar 28, 2005 |title=Adalah Accuses Education Min. of Employment Discrimination |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240112202842/https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |access-date=12 Jan 2024 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila waɗanda mata ne, nakasassu, ko asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka suna da damar yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan Isra'ila na asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka, ko kuma masu nakasa, suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau game da shigar jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Council for Higher Education |url=http://che.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A1-1-%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%93.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=Che.org.il}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ייצוג הולם בשירות המדינה |url=http://www.csc.gov.il/DataBases/NewsLetters/NL19/Pages/AdequateRepresentation.aspx |access-date=6 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haramcin Wariya a Samfura, Sabis da Shiga Wuraren Nishaɗi da Wuraren Jama'a Dokar ta hana waɗanda ke gudanar da wuraren jama'a, ko ba da sabis ko samfura, don nuna bambanci saboda launin fata, addini, ƙasa, da ƙasar asali, da sauran dalilai. Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2010 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama ga Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye, dokokin Isra'ila sun hana nuna bambanci a kan launin fata, kuma gwamnati ta aiwatar da wadannan haramcin yadda ya kamata.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2010 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413173255/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |archive-date=13 April 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015 |publisher=US Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;
|+Rarraba Ayyuka ta Sashen da Kabilanci (2008) &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
!Aiki
!Ma'aikatan Larabawa (%) 
!Ma'aikatan Yahudawa (%) 
|-
|Gine-gine (maza) 
|28.4
|5.4
|-
|Ma'aikata marasa ƙwarewa
|14.6
|6.4
|-
|Ayyukan kasuwanci
|5.6
|14.3
|-
|Matsayi na gudanarwa
|2.3
|7.3
|-
|Bankin, inshora, da kudi
|0.8
|4.3
|}

=== 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila ===
Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta B'Tselem ta yi iƙirarin cewa an hana Larabawa a Urushalima haƙƙin zama, wanda ya haifar da karancin gidaje a yankunan Larabawa na Urushalima.

Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ta tuhumi cewa rage tallafin tsofaffi da kuma alawus-alawus na yara bisa aikin soji na iyaye na nuna wariya ga yaran Larabawa: &quot;Raguwar za ta kuma shafi 'ya'yan iyayen Yahudawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wadanda ba sa aikin soja, amma sun cancanci karin tallafin, gami da karin ilimi, wanda ba a samu ga yaran Larabawa na Falasdinu ba.&quot;

A cewar rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam ga Isra'ila da Yankunan da aka mamaye, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta yi &quot;ƙananan don rage nuna bambanci na hukuma, shari'a, da al'umma ga' yan ƙasar Larabawa&quot;.  Rahotanni na shekaru masu zuwa sun kuma gano nuna bambanci ga' yan asalin Larabawa a matsayin matsala ga Isra'ilawa, amma ba ta sake maimaita da'ila ta ba don rage nuna rashin nuna bambanci ba. 

Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam  ya lura cewa:

* Asusun Ƙasar Yahudawa (JNF) yana sarrafa kashi 12.5 cikin 100 na ƙasar jama'a amma dokokinta sun hana siyarwa ko hayar ƙasa ga waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba. A watan Oktoba, kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama sun shigar da kara ga Babban Kotun Shari'a suna da'awar cewa sanarwar da Gwamnatin Ƙasar Isra'ila (ILA) ta yi game da ƙasar JNF ta nuna bambanci saboda ta haramta Larabawa daga yin tayin. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2005, babban lauya ya yanke hukuncin cewa &quot;gwamnati ba za ta iya nuna bambanci ga Larabawa na Isra'ila a cikin tallace-tallace da rarraba ƙasashen da take sarrafawa ba, gami da na JNF.
* Kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na Isra'ila da Larabawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnati ta fi ƙuntatawa wajen bayar da izinin gini ga al'ummomin Larabawa da ƙalubalanci manufofin rushe gine-gine ba bisa ka'ida ba a bangaren Larabawa, yana iyakance ci gaban al'umma.
* &quot;A watan Yuni, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukuncin cewa barin garuruwan Larabawa daga wasu tsare-tsare na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na gwamnati na nuna wariya.
* An ƙalubalanci Tsarin Jagora na 1996 na Arewacin Isra'ila a matsayin wariya. Abubuwan da suka fi ba da fifiko sun haɗa da &quot;ƙara yawan Yahudawa na Galili da kuma toshe yanki na garuruwan Larabawa.&quot;
* Keɓe daga aikin soja na wajibi, yawancin Larabawa Isra'ila don haka ba su da damar samun dama fiye da sauran 'yan ƙasa zuwa fa'idodin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin wanda aikin soja ya zama buƙatu ko fa'ida, kamar gidaje, tallafin sabbin gidaje, da aikin yi, musamman aikin masana'antu na gwamnati ko na tsaro. Kwamitin Ivri kan yi wa kasa hidima ya ba da shawarwari a hukumance ga gwamnati cewa a ba wa Larabawa Isra'ila damar yin hidimar kasa.
* &quot;A bisa wani bincike da jami'ar Haifa ta gudanar a shekara ta 2003, akwai wani hali na sanya wa 'yan kasar Larabawa hukuncin dauri fiye da na Yahudawa. Masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama sun yi ikirarin cewa 'yan kasashen Larabawa sun fi fuskantar hukuncin kisa da kuma hana a bayar da belinsu.&quot;
* Rahoton hukumar Or Commission kan kisan ‘yan sanda na masu zanga-zangar Isra’ila da Larabawa ya gano cewa “sakamakon sakaci da wariya” gwamnati na tafiyar da bangaren Larabawa, tare da rabo ko albarkatun da bai dace ba wanda ke haifar da “mummunan wahala” daga al’umma. Abubuwan da ke nuna damuwa sun haɗa da talauci, rashin aikin yi, ƙarancin ƙasa, matsalolin ilimi, da nakasa abubuwan more rayuwa.

Rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila ya rubuta cewa: &quot;Gwamnati gaba daya tana mutunta hakkin 'yan kasarta; duk da haka, an sami matsaloli a wasu bangarori, ciki har da ... nuna wariya na hukumomi, shari'a, da kuma al'umma ga al'ummar Larabawa na kasar.&quot;

A cikin wani rahoto da ya mika wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bedouin ya yi ikirarin cewa suna fuskantar wariya kuma ba a daukarsu a matsayin 'yan kasa daidai a Isra'ila kuma ba a ba wa garuruwan Badouin hidima iri daya ba ko kuma filayen garuruwan Yahudawa masu girman gaske, kuma ba a ba su damar samun ruwa mai kyau. Birnin Be'er Sheva ya ki amincewa da wani wuri mai tsarki na Bedouin, duk da shawarar da Babbar Kotun ta bayar.

''Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2007 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam''  ya lura cewa:

* &quot;A cewar wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005 a Jami'ar Ibraniyawa, an kashe kuɗi sau uku a cikin ilimin yara Yahudawa kamar yadda yara Larabawa.&quot;

A watan Satumbar shekarar 2010, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta amince da gyare-gyare ga dokokin zama ɗan ƙasa na ƙasar. Shirin dokar ya tilasta wa duk wanda ke neman zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ya yi rantsuwa da &quot;Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasar Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya&quot;. Larabawa na Isra'ila da kuma ƙungiyoyin hagu na Isra'ilawa ciki har da shugaban jam'iyyar adawa ta Kadima Tzipi Livni sun soki gyaran sosai. Masanin ilimin halayyar ilimi na Isra'ila Farfesa Gavriel Solomon ya ce rantsuwar aminci ta yi kama da Dokokin Nuremberg . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 October 2010 |title=Israeli academic: Loyalty oath resembles racist laws of 1935 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/israeli-academic-loyalty-oath-resembles-racist-laws-of-1935-1.318275 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magoya bayan gyaran sun bayyana cewa wadanda ba Yahudawa ba ne wadanda suka zama 'yan ƙasa suna buƙatar fahimtar cewa &quot;Jihar Isra'ila ita ce furcin kasa na ƙaddamar da kai na mutanen Yahudawa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2012 |title=Identifying with Israel's national character |url=http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-EdContributors/Article.aspx?id=190897 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isra'ila ta haramta 'yan ƙasa daga ziyartar ƙasashen abokan gaba ba tare da izini ba, ƙuntataccen tafiye-tafiye wanda, a cikin shekarar 2015, ya haɗa da Siriya, Iraki, Iran, Lebanon, Yemen, da Saudi Arabia. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah ta yi iƙirarin cewa wannan yana nuna bambanci ga 'yan asalin Larabawa da Isra'ila, kuma hukumomi ba su tsare Yahudawa ba bayan dawowa daga tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashe marasa izini kamar yadda suka yi da Larabawa Isra'ilawa. Har ila yau, an soki Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Isra'ila saboda nuna bambancin launin fata na 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah tana riƙe da jerin dokoki sama da 50 da take da'awar nuna bambanci ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. A cikin shekara ta 2015, an yi la'akari da launin fata na 'yan asalin Larabawa ta hanyar jami'an tsaro da sauran' yan ƙasa, da kuma hare-haren fansa a kan Larabawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;USDS2016&quot; /&gt;

Since the outbreak of the Gaza war, Israel has carried out mass arrests and detentions of Palestinians and Arab Israelis, with thousands arrested or detained in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories. On 5 November 2023, [[CNN]] reported that &quot;dozens&quot; of Palestinian residents and Arab citizens of Israel were arrested in Israel for expressions of solidarity with the civilian population of Gaza, sharing [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Quran]] verses, or expressing &quot;any support for the Palestinian people&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kottasová |first=Ivana |last2=Saifi |first2=Zeena |date=2023-11-05 |title='The reaction is extreme': Palestinians fear arrest if they voice sympathy for Gaza civilians |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/05/middleeast/palestinians-israel-fear-arrest-gaza-intl-cmd/index.html |website=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Haaretz'' described the widespread targeting of Arab Israelis by Israeli security forces. Referring to &quot;hundreds&quot; of interrogations, ''El País'' reported on 11 November that Israel increasingly treats its Arab minority as a &quot;potential fifth column&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pita |first=Antonio |date=2023-11-11 |title=Israel aumenta el cerco a su minoría árabe |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2023-11-11/israel-aumenta-el-cerco-a-su-minoria-arabe.html |website=El País |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ayyuka masu kyau ====
Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;moital.gov.il&quot;/&gt; 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau a cikin buƙatun shiga jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;che.org.il&quot;/&gt;

=== Baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba da masu neman mafaka ===
Isra'ila jam'iyya ce ta jihar da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin [[Sudan]]_refugees_in_Israel&quot; id=&quot;mwBWo&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Sudanese refugees in Israel&quot;&gt;'yan gudun hijira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 April 2011 |title=Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b73b0d63.pdf |access-date=5 December 2012 |publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila suna la'akari da tsarin mafaka na Isra'ilawa da rashin adalci, kuma yawan amincewa da 'yan gudun hijira ya fi ƙasa da kashi 1%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Until our hearts are completely hardened, Report on asylum procedures in Israel, Hotline for Migrant Workers, April 2012 |url=http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018173547/http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga shekara ta 2003, kimanin baƙi 70,000 ba bisa ka'ida ba daga kasashe daban-daban na Afirka sun haye zuwa Isra'ila. Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 600 daga yankin Darfur na Sudan an ba su matsayin mazauna wucin gadi don sabuntawa kowace shekara, kodayake ba matsayin' yan gudun hijira na hukuma ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ACRI.org.il |url=http://www.acri.org.il/pdf/refugees0209en.pdf |access-date=25 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba da wasu 'yan gudun hijira 2,000 daga rikici tsakanin [[Eritrea]] da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] matsayin mazaunin wucin gadi a kan dalilai na jin kai, kodayake Isra'ila ta fi son kada ta gane su a matsayin' yan gudun hijira.

A cikin wani labari na shekarar 2012, ''Reuters'' ta ruwaito, &quot;Isra'ila na iya ɗaure baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba har zuwa shekaru uku a ƙarƙashin dokar da aka fara aiki a ranar Lahadi, wani jami'in Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ce, wani mataki da aka yi niyyar hana kwararar 'yan Afirka da ke shiga Isra'ila a kan iyakar hamada da Masar.  Ministan cikin gida Eli Yishai ya ce, &quot;Me ya sa muka yi rashin lafiya da zukata masu zubar da jini, gami da 'yan siyasa. Ayyuka za su zama mafi yawa a nan za su sa su zama jarirai, kuma wannan tayin ya sa Sudan ya fice su gudu zuwa duniya, kuma ya sa su zama mafi yawanci, kuma ya zama' yan gudun hijira za su gudu, kuma ya haifar da yawa, kuma ya fice ga Yesu Yesu ya sa suka fice, kuma ya fito da yawa, za su zama' yan kasa, kuma ya sami mafaka za su zama 'yan gudun hijira' yan gudunya suka ficececece' yan gudun

A karkashin Dokar Rigakafin Kutse ta 2014, duk masu ketare kan iyaka da ba bisa ka'ida ba an ayyana su a matsayin &quot;masu kutse&quot; kuma ana iya tsare su a gidan yarin Saharonim na tsawon watanni uku &quot;domin tantancewa&quot; sannan kuma watanni 12 a wurin Holhot mai nisa. Kamfanin dillancin labaran iqna ya habarta cewa, ya nakalto daga shafin sadarwa na yanar gizo na Hotline na ‘yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure cewa hukumomi sun mayar da fiye da rabin mutanen da ake tsare da su na Holot zuwa Saharonim har na tsawon watanni da dama saboda wasu laifukan da suka saba wa doka. A wasu jerin hukunce-hukuncen da kotun kolin ta yanke, ta yi watsi da cewa za a iya tsare bakin haure har abada, ta kuma ba da umarnin sakin bakin haure 1,178 'yan kasashen Eritrea da Sudan da ake tsare da su sama da shekara guda ba tare da tuhume su ba. Gwamnati ta hana wadannan masu neman mafaka daga Tel Aviv ko Eilat, inda za su kasance suna da al'ummomin tallafi da kuma samun damar yin ayyukan jin kai.

Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, tun daga shekarar 2011 yanayin 'yan gudun hijira a Isra'ila ya tabarbare &quot;saboda amincewa da manufofi da dokoki da nufin dakile masu neman mafaka a nan gaba ta hanyar yin wahala ga wadanda ke cikin kasar. Wadannan ayyuka sun kara tauye 'yancin jama'a da kuma karfafa barin kasar.&quot; Gwamnati za ta yi wahala a nemi izinin zama ɗan gudun hijira yayin da ake tsare da ita na tsawon shekara guda, kuma da zarar an sake shi za ta buƙaci masu neman su ba da hujjar rashin neman izini tun da farko. Ana kiran masu neman mafaka &quot;masu kutse&quot; ta gwamnati da kafafen yada labarai, wadanda ke danganta su da karuwar laifuka, cututtuka, da zaman banza.

=== 'Yan Afirka na Isra'ila ===
A cewar Jaridar BBC, Yahudawa na [[Habasha]] da ke zaune a [[Isra'ila]] sun daɗe suna gunaguni game da nuna bambanci. Sun gudanar da tarurruka bayan yarjejeniyar da masu mallakar gidaje a kudancin Isra'ila suka yi don kada su hayar ko sayar da dukiyarsu ga Yahudawa na asalin Habasha. Al'ummar Yahudawa na Habasha sun shiga cikin zanga-zangar bayan bidiyon da ya fito wanda ya nuna 'yan sanda biyu suna doke soja na Habasha da Isra'ila, Demas Fekadeh . &lt;ref name=&quot;clash&quot; /&gt; Duk da yake zanga-zangar da dubban masu zanga-zambe suka yi da farko ba ta da tashin hankali, rikice-rikice da 'yan sanda sun ci gaba. ACRI ta yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan sanda sun kasa gargadi masu zanga-zangar kafin yin amfani da matakan watsa jama'a, kuma amfani da su bai karu a hankali ba. Gwamnati ta sauke tuhumar da aka yi wa Fekadeh, ta kammala cewa bai fara rikici da ya haifar da duka ba.

== Ilimi ==
[[Fayil:GalilSchoolSign.jpg|thumb|Alama a gaban Makarantar Galil, makarantar firamare ta [[Larabawa]] da Yahudawa a Isra'ila.]]
Dokar Ƴancin Dalibai ta [[Isra'ila]] ta shekarar 2000 ta haramta nuna bambanci ga ɗalibai saboda dalilai na ɗarika a shigarwa ko fitarwa daga cibiyar [[ilimi]], a cikin kafa tsarin karatun daban-daban ko gudanar da azuzuwan daban-daban a cikin wannan cibiyar [[ilimi]] guda, da kuma haƙƙoƙi da wajibai na ɗalibai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=חוק זכויות התלמיד באנגלית – Pupils' Rights Law |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/Zchuyot/ChukimVeamanot/Chukim/PupilsRightsLaw |access-date=16 May 2010 |publisher=Cms.education.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Kotun Koli]] ta Isra'ila ta aiwatar da wannan dokar, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar daga iyalan Orthodox waɗanda suka ki tura ƴaƴansu zuwa makarantu masu haɗin kai.
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

== Manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mukhtar Zakari Chawai</title>
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'''Mukhtar Zakari Chawai''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne. Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba wanda ke wakiltar Majalisa ta Tarayya na Mazaɓar Kauru a Majalisar Wakilai. An haife shi a shekarar 1978, ya fito ne daga [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] kuma yana da digiri na biyu. An zaɓe shi a Majalisa a shekarar 2019 a ƙarƙashin All Progressives Congress (APC). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/mukhtar-zakari-chawai |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Chawai-Mukhtar-Zakari-2420 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=orderpaper.ng }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya horar da mutane saba'in daga cikin masu jefa masa kuri'a a aikin noma, yana karfafa su da kayan aiki da kyautar kuɗi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2020-11-16 |title=Rep empowers 70 constituents {{!}} The Nation |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/rep-empowers-70-constituents/amp/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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    <title>Nora Lilian Alcock</title>
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'''Nora Lilian Alcock''', wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Nora Lilian Lepart''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=THE EDINBURGH GAZETTE MARCH 14, 1930, page 331 |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/Edinburgh/issue/14634/page/331/data.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; da '''Nora Lilian Leopard''', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Edit History: Alcock, Nora Lilian Leopard (1874-1972) on JSTOR |url=https://plants.jstor.org/stable/history/10.5555/al.ap.person.bm000341478 |access-date=2021-07-21 |website=plants.jstor.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; (18 Agusta 1874 &amp;#x2013; 31 Maris 1972) ta kasance majagaba a fagen ilimin cututtuka na shuka kuma farkon wanda gwamnati ta naɗa masanin cututtukan shuka a Scotland.

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Nora Lilian Scott a cikin shekarar 1874, ƴar Sir John Scott,  Mai ba da Shawarar Shari'a ga Khedive na Masar, da Edgeworth Leonora Hill. Ta bayyana cewa ba ta da ilimin boko. Ta auri Nathaniel Henry Alcock, masanin rediyo, a 1905 kuma ta koma ƙasar Kanada. Sa’ad da ya mutu daga ciwon daji a shekara ta 1913, ita da ‘ya’yanta huɗu sun koma Biritaniya. 

== Aiki ==
Bayan ta koma [[Landan]], Alcock ta sami matsayi a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Plant Pathology na Ma'aikatar Noma, Kew Gardens .  A lokacin nadin nata, Alcock ya haɓaka gwaninta a cikin [[mycology]] a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sir John Fryer, John Ramsbottom, da Farfesa Dame Helen Gwynne-Vaughan .  Alcock ya zama ɗan'uwan Linnean Society a cikin shekara ta 1922, kuma a cikin 1924, ta koma [[Edinburgh]] don matsayin likitan cututtukan tsirrai a cikin Sashen Noma da Kifi.  Matsayinta ya dogara ne a Lambun Botanic na Royal Edinburgh kuma ya mai da hankali kan amfani da lafiyayyen iri don haɓaka samar da abinci.  Ta yi ritaya a cikin shekara ta 1937.  A shekara ta gaba ta ziyarci Ostiraliya, inda ta yi watanni shida tana nazarin flora na gida. 

== Daraja da karramawa ==
Sakamakon binciken da ta yi kan cututtukan fungal, musamman cutar ja a cikin strawberries, Alcock ta sami lambar yabo [[Order of the British Empire|ta MBE]] a cikin shekarar 1935. Aikinta ya haifar da nau'ikan cututtukan da ke jure cututtuka da cututtukan da ke haifar da iri. 

A shekara ta 1924 Alcock ya zama mutum ta farko da ta riƙe sabon matsayi na Likitan Pathologist a Sashen Noma da Kifi. 

Charles Edward Foister ne ta rubuta tarihin rayuwarta. 

Ana iya samun alamar tunawa da aka keɓe ga Alcock a Lambunan Botanic na Royal na Edinburgh. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Memorial plaque to Nora Lilian Alcock {{!}} Mapping Memorials to Women in Scotland |url=http://womenofscotland.org.uk/memorials/memorial-plaque-nora-lilian-alcock |access-date=2018-01-30 |website=womenofscotland.org.uk |language=en |archive-date=2018-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130204536/http://womenofscotland.org.uk/memorials/memorial-plaque-nora-lilian-alcock |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran nasarorin ==
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ta koyar da ƴan fursunan yaƙi botany. Ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Ƙasa da Ƙwararrun Ƙungiyoyin Mata da Edinburgh Soroptimists.
 

== Manazarta ==
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== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Matan Scotland [http://womenofscotland.org.uk/women/nora-lilian-alcock Mapping Memorials ga Mata a Scotland - Nora Lilian Alcock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511083007/http://womenofscotland.org.uk/women/nora-lilian-alcock |date=2018-05-11 }}
* Whois.com [http://guidewhois.com/2011/04/nora-alcock-biography/ Nora Lilian Alcock Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024165521/http://guidewhois.com/2011/04/nora-alcock-biography/ |date=2013-10-24 }} Archived  
* Matan Duniya a Kimiyyar Kimiyya - Tarihin Rayuwa zuwa 1950 - [https://books.google.com/books?id=HftdjMNDvwIC&amp;dq=nora+lilian+alcock&amp;pg=PA6 Shigar Nora Lilian Alcock]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Montesano, Washington</title>
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      <text bytes="11598" sha1="nz5cmcs9mcrdi61eceu6zvrhyhszugu" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Montesano''' birni ne a cikin kuma cibiyar gudanarwa ta Gundumar Grays Harbor, [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kai 4,138 a ƙidayar jama'a ta 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;2020 Census (City)2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Montesano_city,_Washington?g=160XX00US5346895 |access-date=November 9, 2023 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Filayen Medcalf ===
A cewar Edwin Van Syckle, wani ɓangare na garin Montesano na yanzu Samuel Henry Williams ne ya fara gina shi a cikin 1870, wanda ya sayi ƙasa a wurin da akafi sani da Wedcalf Prairie, mai suna bayan mazaunin farko William Medcalf. A kusan lokaci guda, mai binciken Charles Newton Byles ya sayi gona daga [[Walter King]] a shafin Montesano na yanzu a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1870,  kuma daga baya ya gina tubalan uku a gefen yammacin Main Street.  An haifi garin Montesano, amma ba a kafa shi ba har zuwa ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 1883, ta Majalisar Dokokin Yankin Washington.&lt;ref name=&quot;meany&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Meany |first=Edmond S. |author-link=Edmond S. Meany |year=1920 |title=Origin of Washington Geographic Names |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbsUAAAAYAAJ |journal=The Washington Historical Quarterly |publisher=Washington University State Historical Society |volume=XI |page=209 |access-date=June 11, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Crew_and_waitresses_with_Wynooche_Timber_Company's_two-truck_Baldwin_saddle-tank_2-6-2T_locomotive_no_3,_Montesano,_ca_1921_(KINSEY_968).jpeg|right|thumb|Kamfanin katako na kamfanin a Montesano, {{Circa}} 1921]]
Kafin wannan lokacin, an yi amfani da sunan ''Montesano'' don komawa ga gidan Isaiah Lancaster Scammon da matarsa Lorinda. Sun shigar da takardar neman izinin bayar da gudummawa na 640-acre a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1853, a kan Kogin Chehalis, a gaban bakin Kogin [[Wynoochee]], a yankin da yanzu ake kira Kudancin Montesano. Gidan Scammon sau da yawa ana kiransa &quot;Scammon's Landing&quot; ko &quot;Scam mon's Hotel&quot;, saboda yana da muhimmiyar wurin tsayawa tare da Kogin Chehalis ga majagaba na farko, da kuma mafi nisa a kan kogi da kuma hanyar jirgin kasa don jiragen ruwa.

A cewar Edmond S. Meany, a cikin 1860 an maida cibiyar gudanarwar na abin da ake kira Chehalis County zuwa &quot;filin JL Scammons&quot;. Misis Lorinda Scammon ta kasance mai addini sosai kuma tana son wurin da ake kira &quot;Mount Zion&quot;. Wani mazaunin farko, Samuel James, ya ba da shawarar &quot;Montesano&quot;, wanda aka samo daga Mutanen Espanya ma'anar &quot;dutse na lafiya&quot;; an ce wannan yana da sauti mai daɗi kuma yana nufin kusan haka. An amince da shawarar, kuma ba da daɗewa ba, an sami ofishin gidan waya mai suna &quot;Montesano&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;meany&quot;/&gt; Mutanen yankin Chehalis sun kada kuri'a don matsa kujerar gundumar zuwa garin Montesano a 1886, kuma gidan Scammon an san shi da Kudancin Montesano&lt;ref name=&quot;meany&quot; /&gt;

=== Karni na 21 ===
A shekara ta 2012, wani mutum da ke kiran kansa Michael Thomas ya shiga kotun gundumar inda ya yi gwagwarmaya da mataimakin sheriff, ya harbe ta a kafada da bindigarta. Ya kuma yi wa alƙali wuka a wuyansa yana ƙoƙarin taimaka wa mataimakin. Daga baya aka gano shi a matsayin Steven Daniel Kravetz, an yanke wa mai kai hari hukunci kan zargin kai hari kuma an wanke shi da yunkurin kisan kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mackay |first=Rob |date=April 3, 2013 |title=Man convicted of assault in Montesano courthouse stabbing, shooting |url=https://www.q13fox.com/news/man-convicted-of-assault-in-montesano-courthouse-stabbing-shooting |access-date=April 24, 2021 |publisher=Q13 FOX}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Montesano yana kan gangaren arewacin kwarin Kogin Chehalis, kusa da haɗuwar Kogin Wynoochee da Kogin [[Chehalais]]. Garin yana da iyaka a arewacin Tafkin Sylvia kuma a yammacin Sylvia Creek.

A cewar , birnin yana da jimlar yanki na murabba'in kilomita 10.58 (.40 ), daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 10.41 (.96 km2) ƙasa ne kuma murabba'insa kilomita 0.17 (0.44 km2) ruwa ne.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gazetteer files&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=July 2, 2012 |access-date=December 19, 2012 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Yanayi ===
Wannan yankin yana fuskantar zafi (amma ba zafi ba) da kuma lokacin rani mai bushewa, ba tare da matsakaicin yanayin zafi na kowane wata sama da {{Convert|71.6|°F|0}} ° F (22 ° C) da kuma kaka mai laushi da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa saboda iskar teku ba. Dangane da tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, Montesano yana cikin yankin [[Yanayin teku]], an taƙaita ''Cfb'' a kan taswirar yanayi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Climate Summary for Montesano, Washington |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=178754&amp;cityname=Montesano%2C+Washington%2C+United+States+of+America&amp;units= }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda ruwan sama na rani, kodayake akwai babban yanayin bushewa a wannan lokacin. Lokacin bazara yana da zafi fiye da Aberdeen saboda matsayinta na ciki. Wannan kuma yana haifar da sau da yawa amma galibi ƙananan sanyi a cikin hunturu, tare da yanayin da ke riƙe da tasirin teku.{{Weather box}}

== Yawan jama'a ==
{{US Census population|1890=1632|1900=1194|1910=2488|1920=2158|1930=2460|1940=2242|1950=2328|1960=2486|1970=2847|1980=3247|1990=3064|2000=3312|2010=3976|2020=4138}}

=== Ƙididdigar shekara ta 2010 ===
Ya zuwa kididdigar shekara ta , akwai mutane 3,976, gidaje 1,563, da iyalai 1,031 da ke zaune a cikin birni. yawan jama'a ya kasance mazauna 381.9 a kowace murabba'in mil (147.5/km). Akwai gidaje 1,684 a matsakaicin matsakaicin 161.8 a kowace murabba'in mil (62.5/km2). Tsarin launin fata na birnin ya kasance 80.3% fari, 0.4% Ba'amurke Ba'amurkiya, 5% 'Yan asalin Amurka, 0.10% Asiya, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 0.6% daga wasu kabilu, da 3.4% daga kabilu biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane kabila sun kasance 9.8% na yawan jama'a.

Daga cikin gidaje 1,563, kashi 31.0% suna da yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 da ke zaune tare da su, kashi 48.6% [[Aure|ma'aurata]] ne da ke zaune mmogo, kashi 11.7% suna da mace mai gida ba tare da miji ba, kashi 5.7% suna da namiji mai gida ba, kuma kashi 34.0% ba iyalai ba ne. Kashi 27.8 cikin 100 na dukkan gidaje sun kunshi mutane, kuma kashi 10.8 cikin 100 suna da wani da ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman iyali ya kasance 2.39 kuma matsakaicin girman iyalin ya kasance 2.88.

Matsakaicin shekarun a cikin birni ya kasance shekaru 41.4. 21.9% na mazauna ba su kai shekara 18 ba; 8.3% suna tsakanin shekaru 18 zuwa 24; 25.1% sun kasance daga 25 zuwa 44; 28.4% sun kasance daga 45 zuwa 64; kuma 16.3% sun kasance shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Tsarin jinsi na birnin ya kasance maza 49.2% da mata 50.8%.

=== Ƙididdigar shekara ta 2000 ===
Ya zuwa [./&amp;#x3C;sup&amp;#x20;id= 2_United_States_census&quot; id=&quot;mwuA&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; United States census&quot;&gt;Ƙididdigar 2000], akwai mutane 3,312, gidaje 1,326 da iyalai 879 da ke zaune a cikin birni. yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 320.4 a kowace murabba'in mil (123.7/km2). Akwai gidaje 1,408 a matsakaicin matsakaicin 136.2 a kowace murabba'in mil (52.6/km2). Tsarin launin fata na birnin ya kasance 94.99% fari, 0.12% Ba'amurke, 1.87% 'Yan asalin Amurka, 0.48% Asiya, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.18% daga wasu kabilu, da 2.29% daga kabilu biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane kabila sun kasance 1.84% na yawan jama'a.

Daga cikin gidaje 1,326 , kashi 30.9% suna da yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 da ke zaune tare da su, kashi 51.4% [[Aure|ma'aurata]] ne da ke zaune mmogo, kashi 10.5% suna da mace mai gida ba tare da miji ba, kuma kashi 33.7% ba iyalai ba ne. Kashi 28.4% na dukkan gidaje sun kunshi mutane, kuma kashi 13.5% suna da wani da ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman iyali ya kasance 2.38 kuma matsakaicin girman iyalin ya kasance 2.92.

A cikin birni, yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da kashi 23.8% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 8.5% daga 18-24, 28.7% daga 25-44, 23.6% daga 45-64, da 15.4% waɗanda suka kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 39. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 99.4. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 da sama da haka, akwai maza 96.2.

Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na iyali a cikin birni ya kasance $ 40,204, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin haya na iyali ya kasance $ 42,344. Maza suna da matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na $ 41,500 tare da $ 30,096 ga mata. Kudin shiga na kowane mutum na birnin ya kai $ 19,467. Kimanin kashi 9.3% na iyalai da kashi 11.6% na yawan jama'a sun kasance a ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da kashi 12.4% na waɗanda ba su kai shekara 18 ba da kuma kashi 10.7% na waɗanda suka kai shekara 65 ko sama da haka.

== Fasaha da al'adu ==

=== Bukukuwan da abubuwan da suka faru ===
Bikin fitilu na shekara-shekara wani biki ne na lokacin hunturu da ake yi a cikin birni.   Babban mahimmancin karshen mako shine Grand Parade.  Bukukuwan sun hada da yawon shakatawa na gidajen tarihi da aka kawata, gasar haskaka wuta, nunin zane-zane da kere-kere, wurin wasan yara, masu sayar da abinci, jingle bell jog, farautar fasinja, ba da labari, yawon shakatawa na kotun gundumar da murals, da kuma karin kumallo na pancake.  Sauran ayyukan sun haɗa da hasken Yule Log, ciyarwar chowder, da caroling.

=== Gine-gine da wuraren tarihi ===
[[Fayil:Grays_Harbor_County_Courthouse_03.jpg|thumb|Kotun Garin Grays Harbor]]
Babban fasalin garin shine Gidan Kotu na 1911 Grays Harbor County, tsari mai hawa uku tare da hasumiya.  Cikin ciki yana da zane-zane na tarihin gida.  Akwai wani rami a kofar gidan da sheriff din ya yi yayin da ya harba wani mai gudu.  [ana binciken hujja] [citation need] Taken &quot;ku zo hutu ku tafi gwaji&quot; an yi shi ne don wannan birni na Grays Harbor County. 

== Gidajen shakatawa da nishaɗi ==
A arewacin garin akwai Lake Sylvia State Park . Wynooche Valley Road hanya ce da ke tafiya a arewa daga Montesano kuma tana bin hanyar Kogin Wynoochee; tana samar da hanyar shiga kudancin Dutsen Olympic da kudancin kwata na Olympic National Park.

== Infrastructure ==
Birnin ya kasance wanda ya sami girka matakan shawo kan ambaliyar ruwa a kusa da cibiyar kula da ruwan sha ta Montesano.  A matsayin wani ɓangare na Dabarun Basin Basin na Chehalis, an sanya jacks ɗin katako a cikin 2018-2019 wanda ya taimaka haɓaka bakin kogin Wynoochee mai ƙaura, wanda ke barazanar shukar cewa lokacin ambaliya zai mamaye al'umma da malala.  An kiyasta kashe dala miliyan biyu na aikin ya tanadi sama da dala miliyan 40 a kokarin tsaftacewa da tsarewa a nan gaba.  Ƙarfafawa ya ƙara yawan mazaunin jinsunan ruwa kuma ya tsawaita rayuwar shukar da shekaru da dama.

== Shahararrun mazauna ==

* Reuben Hollis Fleet 1887 - 1975), majagaba na jirgin sama na Amurka, ɗan kasuwa kuma jami'in soja.
* Robert Moch (1914 - 2005), shugaban kungiyar Jami'ar Washington wanda ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta 1936 
* Kurt Cobain (1967-1994), jagoran mawaƙa na Nirvana
* Jerry Lambert ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mai zane-zane
* Adam Bighill (an haife shi a shekara ta 1988), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka da Kanada
* Fran Polsfoot (1928-1985), ƙwallon ƙafa ta NFL
* Blanche Pennick (1905-1991), dan majalisa da kuma malami na Jihar Washington.
* An kafa ƙungiyar Melvins a Montesano a shekarar 1983.

== Manazarta ==
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'''Nirupa Dewan''' 'yar gwagwarmayar kare hakkin 'yan asalin ƙasar ce kuma memba ne na Hukumar Gyara Harkokin Mata ta gwamnatin wucin gadi da [[Muhammad Yunus]] ya jagoranci. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Govt forms Women’s Affairs Reform Commission. |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/government-affairs/365488/govt-forms-women%E2%80%99s-affairs-reform-commission |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; tsohon kwamishinan Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta [[Bangladesh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-04-10 |title=Indigenous Cultural Festival in Rangamati begins |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/indigenous-cultural-festival-in-rangamati-begins |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-11 |title=Towards an Independent and Credible NHRC: Agendas for Reform |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/roundtables/news/towards-independent-and-credible-nhrc-agendas-reform-3773326 |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita memba ce ta Kwamitin CHT Nagorik . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-18 |title=Decentralise power, adopt provincial govt system |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/decentralise-power-adopt-provincial-govt-system-3755171 |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita memba ce ta hukumar kula da Gidauniyar Manusher Jonno . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-15 |title=A step towards alleviating poverty |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/step-towards-alleviating-poverty-3346786 |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Dewan ga Suprava Dewan da Pravat Ranjan Dewan . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Moanoghar Supravat Memorial Scholarship |url=https://www.moanoghar.org/admin/public/files/pdf/download_1276ac04ab0290883a80a488ade3e8e5.pdf |access-date=28 March 2025 |website=Moanoghar |archive-date=19 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619101145/http://moanoghar.org/admin/public/files/pdf/download_1276ac04ab0290883a80a488ade3e8e5.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kafa Moanoghar Supravat Memorial Scholarship tare da ɗan'uwanta Robin Dewan don tunawa da iyayensu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar 'yan mata da Kwalejin Aparnacharan City a shekarar 1968 da Kwaleji ta Chittagong a shekara ta 1970. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ta kammala digiri na farko a Kwalejin Chittagong a shekarar 1973. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ta kammala B.Ed. da kuma M.Ed. a Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Gwamnati, [[Dhaka]] a shekarar 1978 da 1991 bi da bi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Dewan ta shiga makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata ta Gwamnatin Rangamati a shekarar 2005 kuma ta yi ritaya a matsayin shugabar a shekara ta 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 24 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2010, Shugaba Zillur Rahman ya nada Dewan memba na Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kasa wanda ya maye gurbin Farfesa [[Giasuddin Molla (academic)|Giasuddin Molla]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Law and Our Rights |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/law/2010/07/01/week.htm |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; An dakatar da Mollah bayan nadin sa biyo bayan zargin cin zarafin jima'i daga wani dalibi a Jami'ar Dhaka, inda ya koyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |title=Prof Molla fired from NHRC |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/prof-molla-fired-from-nhrc |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=[[Bdnews24.com]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dewan ta shiga cikin sarkar ɗan adam da ke buƙatar cikakken aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Chittagong Hill a cikin 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-04-29 |title=Stop fratricidal conflict among political parties in CHT |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/stop-fratricidal-conflict-among-political-parties-in-cht |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ziyarci Banshkhali Upazila bayan tashin hankali na Bangladesh na 2013 da Bangladesh Jamaat da Islami.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-03-10 |title=Safety is all they want |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/safety-is-all-they-want |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rikicin ya fara ne bayan Kotun Laifuka ta Duniya ta yanke wa Delwar Hossain Sayeedi hukuncin kisa saboda laifukan yaki a lokacin Yakin 'Yanci na Bangladesh . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ta bukaci a gudanar da bincike kan harin da jami'an tsaro suka kai wa sarauniyar Chakma, Rani Yan Yan, bayan ta ziyarci 'yan'uwa mata biyu na Marma da jami'in tsaro suka yi wa Fyade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-02-20 |title=Conduct impartial probe into 'attack' on Chakma queen |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/conduct-impartial-probe-attack-chakma-queen-1537285 |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Attack on Chakma Queen condemned - |url=https://www.observerbd.com/news/123254 |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=The Daily Observer}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2019, ta sami lambar yabo ta IPDC-Prothom-alo Priyo Shikkhok Shommanona daga Prothom Alo da IPDC Finance Limited.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NEWS AND INSIGHTS |url=https://www.ipdcbd.com/home/newsdetails/236/en |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=www.ipdcbd.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan faduwar gwamnatin Awami League da [[Sheikh Hasina]] ke jagoranta, Dewan ta sadu da babban mai ba da shawara [[Muhammad Yunus]] na gwamnatin wucin gadi a Jamuna State Guest House tare da sauran shugabannin mata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-08-20 |title=Women leaders meet chief adviser with proposals for reform |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/rights/news/women-leaders-meet-chief-adviser-proposals-reform-3682121 |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Women leaders demand treatment of injured persons, formation of judiciary reform commission |url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/national/women-leaders-demand-treatment-of-injured-persons-formation-of-judiciary-reform-commission |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haɗa ta a cikin Hukumar Gyara Harkokin Mata da sabuwar gwamnatin ta kafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ta halarci taron Hukumar Gyara Tsarin Mulki karkashin jagorancin Farfesa Ali Riaz a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

Dewan ita ce mataimakin shugaban Moanoghar, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da 'yan addinin Buddha suka kafa don aikin ci gaba a cikin Chittagong Hill Tracts . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moanoghar |title=Moanoghar Executive commitee members |url=https://www.moanoghar.org/executive-committee |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=www.moanoghar.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moanoghar |title=Our History |url=https://www.moanoghar.org/history |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=www.moanoghar.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Game da [[Kuki-Chin National Front]] ta ce, &quot;Ko da yaro zai iya cewa wadanda ke bayan KNF, musamman bayan kallon ayyukansu. Irin waɗannan kungiyoyi suna aiki don lalata babban ruhun yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya. Kuma wata ƙungiya mai ƙarfi tana yada su daga baya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saha |first=Partha Shankar |date=2024-04-14 |title=Rise of KNF: Why does KNF oppose CHT Peace Accord and JSS? |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/homcngwpke |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amma wannan ba sabon abu ba ne a cikin tsaunuka. Gwamnati kada ta taɓa jin daɗin su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moanoghar |title=Moanoghar Executive commitee members |url=https://www.moanoghar.org/executive-committee |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=www.moanoghar.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moanoghar |title=Our History |url=https://www.moanoghar.org/history |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=www.moanoghar.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;''”''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saha |first=Partha Shankar |date=2024-04-14 |title=Rise of KNF: Why does KNF oppose CHT Peace Accord and JSS? |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/homcngwpke |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]].

==Manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muhammad Ali Wudil</title>
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'''Muhammad Ali [[Wudil]]''' injiniya ne kuma ɗan siyasan Najeriya, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Majalisar Wakilai ta Kasa]], wanda ke wakiltar Wudil / [[Garko]] Tarayya a [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] . An zabe shi a shekara ta 2007 a karkashin dandalin All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/muhammad-ali-wudil |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Candidates - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/candidate?id=ALI-MUHAMMAD-WUDIL-2660 |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=orderpaper.ng }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=undefined candidate data for 2023 - Stears Elections |url=https://www.stears.co/elections/candidates/ali-muhammad-wudil/ |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=www.stears.co |archive-date=2025-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214150251/https://www.stears.co/elections/candidates/ali-muhammad-wudil/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; . Injiniya Muhammad Ali (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma injiniyan lantarki. Ya rike manyan mukamai a bangarorin jama'a da na sana'a, ya bambanta kansa a matsayin jagora da gwani a fagen sa. Shi memba ne na All Progressives Congress (APC).

'''Ayyuka'''

Ayyukan Ali sun haɗa da zama Manajan Darakta na Hukumar Lantarki ta Karkara ta Jihar Kano daga 2005 zuwa 2007, inda yake da alhakin ayyukan wutar lantarki na karkara. Daga 2007 zuwa 2023, ya wakilci Majalisa ta Tarayya ta Wudil / Garko a Majalisar Wakilai, inda ya shiga cikin ayyukan majalisa da yin manufofi. A cikin 2024, [[Bola Tinubu|Shugaba Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] ya nada shi a matsayin memba na farko na kwamitin gudanarwa na Hukumar Raya Arewa maso Yamma, wanda ke wakiltar Jihar Kano.

'''Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru da Karramawa'''

Muhammad Ali memba ne na Majalisar don Gudanar da Injiniya a Najeriya (COREN)  kuma ɗan'uwan manyan ƙungiyoyin injiniya da yawa, gami da Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Najeriya, Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Injiniyoyin Nigeria, da Kwalejin Injiniyan Najeriya. Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ya ba shi lambar yabo ta National Productivity Order of Merit a shekarar 2023.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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      <comment>FlightTime moved page [[Tattaunawar user:JaxsonR]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Militant.Insurgency]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/JaxsonR|JaxsonR]]&quot; to &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Militant.Insurgency|Militant.Insurgency]]&quot;</comment>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, JaxsonR! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/JaxsonR|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 5 Satumba 2025 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nonso Bassey</title>
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      <text bytes="10246" sha1="c20ce8d6olhav3u1n0gjorgkozeve7c" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Chukwunonso Anozuma Bassey Iwuchukwu''', // ⓘ wanda aka fi sani da '''Nonzo''' (mai salo a cikin duk hular '''NONZO''' ), kuma wanda aka fi sani da '''Nonso Bassey''', mawaƙin Najeriya ne, marubuci, ɗan wasa kuma abin ƙira. Ya kasance daga cikin manyan 8 na ƙarshe a cikin bugu na farko na The Voice Nigeria kuma an sanya hannu a baya zuwa Universal Music West Africa (fka. Universal Music Group Nigeria ).   Shi ma dan wasa ne a gidan talabijin na Africa Magic TV, ''Battleground'' .  Kafin Agusta 2022, ya tafi da sunan mataki Nonso Bassey. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse Nigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adebiyi |first=Adeayo |date=15 August 2022 |title=Rising Afrobeats act Nonzo drops new single 'TOYO' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/fast-rising-afrobeats-act-nonzo-drops-new-single-toyo/36z5ezc |access-date=13 October 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Bassey a [[Kalaba|garin Calabar]] ga mahaifin [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] daga [[Imo|jihar Imo]] da kuma mahaifiyar [[Mutanen Efik|Efik]] daga [[Cross River|jihar Cross River]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 November 2018 |title=SPOTLIGHT! – NONSO BASSEY CHATS WITH GLANCE ONLINE! |url=https://www.glanceng.com/2018/11/30/nonso-bassey-chats-with-glance-online/ |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=Glance Nigeria |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027082258/https://www.glanceng.com/2018/11/30/nonso-bassey-chats-with-glance-online/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2000, ya sami gurbin karatu a Jami'ar Calabar International Secondary School, Calabar kuma ya kammala a 2006. Ya halarci [[Jami'ar Covenant University|Jami'ar Covenant]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 July 2016 |title=Eagles On A Mission; Beacon Set 5 Years Anniversary – #CFSlocal in Nigeria |url=https://changeforsociety.com/eagles-on-mission-beacon-set-5-years-anniversary-covenant-university-alumni/ |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=Change for Society |archive-date=31 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031231659/https://changeforsociety.com/eagles-on-mission-beacon-set-5-years-anniversary-covenant-university-alumni/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; daga nan ya kammala digiri na biyu a fannin Turanci da Adabi bayan ya yi [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|bautar kasa (NYSC)]] a matsayin ma'aikacin gwamnati a sashin sufurin jiragen sama a jihar Imo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 July 2016 |title=#TheVoiceNigeria: 40 things to know about the 8 finalists |url=https://ynaija.com/thevoicenigeria/ |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=Ynaija}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 March 2021 |title=Nonso Bassey: on passion, finding balance between music and film [Pulse Interview] |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/nonso-bassey-pulse-interview/49lyy3q |access-date=26 August 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Bassey ya fara aikin kiɗan nasa na ƙwararru lokacin da aka nuna shi akan waƙar, ''Mafarki na'' tare da [[VJ Adams]] da rapper MI a 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 July 2017 |title=WHERE ARE THE TOP 8 FROM THE VOICE NIGERIA 2016 |url=https://thenativemag.com/music/top-8-voice-nigeria-2016/ |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=The Native Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2016, ya buga wasan farko na The Voice Nigeria, kuma ya sanya shi zuwa wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 August 2016 |title=&quot;The Voice Nigeria blind audition was the most nerve-wracking experience of my life&quot; |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/nonso-bassey-the-voice-nigeria-blind-audition-was-the-most-nerve-wracking-experience/s086gsh |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria |archive-date=16 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116211804/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/nonso-bassey-the-voice-nigeria-blind-audition-was-the-most-nerve-wracking-experience/s086gsh |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; inda ya gama a matsayin babban 8 na ƙarshe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 May 2017 |title=Not just amazing vocalists |url=https://africamagic.dstv.com/news/not-just-amazing-vocalists |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=Africa Magic}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma daga baya ya sanya hannu ta Universal Music Group . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 April 2019 |title=Universal Music Partners With Nigerian Streaming Service uduX |url=https://variety.com/2019/biz/news/universal-music-partners-with-nigerian-streaming-service-udux-1203182925/ |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=Variety Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2017, an jefa shi a matsayin ''Dr Emeka Kalu'' akan telenovela na Africa Magic, ''Battleground'' inda kimiyyar sinadarai ta kan allo tare da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo [[Ini Dima-Okojie]] suka ji daɗin sake dubawa daga masu suka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 December 2017 |title=Actor talks about &quot;Battleground,&quot; favourite Tenka moment, upcoming projects |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/nonso-bassey-actor-talks-about-battleground-favourite-tenka-moment-upcoming-projects/zsry2yj |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin Afrilu 2017, ya buɗe wa [[Aṣa]] a wurin shagalin ta a Legas. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 2017 |title=Singer holds second edition of her live concert |url=https://www.pulse.ng/asa-live-in-lagos-encore-singer-holds-second-edition-of-her-live-concert/y6ngse3 |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; A wannan shekarar, Bassey ya fito a cikin fim din Wurukum Roundabout tare da wasu fitattun 'yan wasan Afirka, ciki har da [[Juliet Ibrahim]], [[Gbenro Ajibade]], [[Susan Peters]] da Keppy Young. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 2017 |title=Wurukum Roundabout (2017) Full Cast &amp; Crew |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7958892/fullcredits |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=IMDB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Fabrairu 2018, Nonso Bassey ya fito da karon farko na hukuma guda ''411'', wanda [[Johnny Drille|Johny Drille]] ya samar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 February 2018 |title=VIDEO: Nonso Bassey – 411 |url=https://talkmediaafrica.com/2018/02/09/video-nonso-bassey-411/ |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=Talk Media Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waƙar ta sami karɓuwa sosai kuma mai bitar Mujallar Native, Edwin Okolo ya taƙaita nazarinsa game da waƙar yana cewa, ''&quot;Mawakan Najeriya kaɗan ne kawai suka ƙirƙira ballads masu ƙarfi da suka sami damar sace mu daga bugu na hypnotic na tafiyar mu na Afrobeat ba tare da tsayawa ba, kuma tare da &quot;411&quot;, Nonso Bassey waɗanda suka shiga tsere.'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 February 2018 |title=NONSO BASSEY COMPELS YOU TO LOVE HIM WITH &quot;411&quot; |url=https://thenativemag.com/music/nonso-bassey-goes-broke-411/ |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=The Native Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 April 2018 |title=Nonso Bassey – 411 |url=https://africamagic.dstv.com/video/nonso-bassey-411 |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=Africa Magic}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Afrilun 2019, Bassey ya saki waƙarsa ta biyu a ƙarƙashin Universal Music Group Nigeria, waƙa mai daɗi ''da'' Yekini 'Tiwezi' Temitayo ya shirya tare da faifan bidiyon Adesua Okosun. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 April 2019 |title=Nonso Bassey – For You |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIGLTrKKMWc |access-date=24 September 2019 |website=Youtube}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Oktoba 2019, an zaɓi Bassey don lambar yabo don ''Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Murya (Namiji)'' don ɗayansa na farko, ''411'' a bugu na 13 na Kyautar Headies . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2019 |title=Wizkid, Tiwa Savage, Others Battle for Biggest Awards at the Headies |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/10/19/wizkid-tiwa-savage-others-battle-for-biggest-award-at-headies/ |access-date=19 October 2019 |website=PM News}}&lt;/ref&gt; An zabe shi tare da Johnny Drille, Wurld, Funbi da Tay Iwar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 October 2019 |title=Headies 2019: Here is Pulse's full list of predictions |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/headies-2019-burna-boy-falz-rema-to-win-big-pulse-predictions/0ws4wlr |access-date=19 October 2019 |website=PulseNG}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 October 2019 |title=Naira Marley: Why im name no dey Headies 2019 nominee list |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-49903777 |access-date=19 October 2019 |website=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya canza sunansa daga Nonso Bassey zuwa Nonzo, bayan fitowar waƙarsa ta farko a cikin shekaru 3 &quot;Toyo&quot; akan 12 ga Agusta 2022.  A ranar 15 ga Disamba 2023, Nonzo ya fitar da kundi na farko na studio mai suna Diary of a Lover Boy, wanda aka saki ta hanyar Prime Disrupt Media, kuma an ba shi lasisi zuwa Wild Imaginations.

== Kyaututtuka da zaɓe ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
! Kyauta
! Kashi
! Sakamako
! Ref
|-
| 2019
| Kyautar Headies
| ''Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Murya (Namiji)''|{{Nom}}
| &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;
|-
| 2021
| [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ta 17|Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka]]
| [[Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role|Mafi kyawun Jarumi a Matsayin Jagora]]|{{Nom}}
| &lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Banjo |first=Noah |date=2021-10-29 |title=FULL LIST: Ayinla, Omo Ghetto: The Saga bag multiple nominations at AMAA 2021 |url=https://punchng.com/full-list-ayinla-omo-ghetto-the-saga-bag-multiple-nominations-at-amaa-2021/ |access-date=2021-10-30 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|}

== Finafinai ==

* ''Battleground (Telenovela - 2017) a matsayin Dr. Emeka Kalu''
* ''Wurukum Roundabout (2017)''
* ''Daga Legas tare da Soyayya (2018) kamar yadda Maxwell McPherson''
* ''Tainted Canvas (2020) a matsayin Malami''
* ''Matar Kudi Mai Wayo (Serial TV 2020) a matsayin Olumide Sanni''
* ''[[La Femme Anjola]] (Fim ɗin Feature - 2021) a matsayin Dejare''
* ''Soyayya Kamar Wannan (2022)''
* ''Zama (2022)''
* ''Alkawari (Serial TV 2022)''
* ''Usifo (2023)''
* ''Jakar Bola (2023)''
* ''Ba a rubuta ba (Jerin TV na 2024) azaman Frank''
* ''Zuciya marar Gani (2024)''
* ''Karkashin Wraps (2024) Matar Kudi Mai Wayo''
* ''[[Princess on a Hill|Gimbiya akan tudu]]'' (2024)
* ''Tuba (2025)''

== Magana ==
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  <page>
    <title>Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya Azare</title>
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        <id>4826</id>
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      <comment>gyara</comment>
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&quot;Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya Azare&quot; (FGC Azare) makarantar tarayyar NiJeria ce ta sekandari da ke hanyar misau a garin Azare dake karamar hukumar Katagum, a Bauchi State.[https://www.publicprocurement.ng/federal-government-college-azare-bauchi-state-invitation-to-tender-for-2025-capital-projects/]dayace daga cikin makarantun Federal Unity School wanda gomnatin nigeria tayi a dukan fadin kasar.

==Manazarta==
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  <page>
    <title>Nele Meckler</title>
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'''Anna Nele Meckler''' farfesa ce a fannin kimiyyar duniya a Jami'ar Bergen, kuma tana da alaƙa da . Ta ƙware a cikin paleoceanography da paleoclimatology, kuma tana jagorantar tallafi da yawa don haɓaka sabbin dabaru don sake gina yanayin zafi na baya, mafi mahimmanci isotope thermometry. Ta hanyar nazarin speleothems ƙungiyar Meckler na iya gano yadda matakan CO da suka gabata a cikin yanayi suka danganta da canje-canjen zafin jiki, wanda ke ba da mahimman bayanai don hango hasashen canjin yanayi na gaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Klenske |first=Nick |last2=Research |first2=Horizon: The EU |last3=Magazine |first3=Innovation |title=Ancient cave deposits reveal our climate future |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-09-ancient-cave-deposits-reveal-climate.html |access-date=2022-02-07 |website=phys.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi da aiki ==
Bayan ta Master of Geoecology a Jami'ar Bayreuth, Meckler ta kammala karatun PhD a cikin paleo-oceanography a 2006 a ETH Zurich, tare da Gerald Haug da Daniel Sigman a matsayin masu kula da ita. Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral, sannan ta yi shekaru biyu a Sashen Kimiyya na Duniya da Planetary a Cibiyar Fasaha ta California, sannan ta biyo bayan shekara guda a matsayin mai binciken baƙo a Jami'ar Oslo, da kuma lokaci na biyu a ETH Zurich, inda ta gudanar da tallafin Marie Heim-Vögtlin daga Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Switzerland.

A shekara ta 2015, Meckler ta lashe kyautar ERC Starting Grant [1] kuma ta koma Jami'ar Bergen, inda ta kasance tun daga lokacin, da farko a matsayin mai bincike, sannan a matsayin Mataimakin Farfesa da Cikakken Farfesa. A halin yanzu tana da ERC Consolidator da kuma tallafin Majalisar Bincike ta Norway don ci gaba da bincikenta.￼

A shekara ta 2022 an shigar da ita cikin Kwalejin Kimiyya da Harafi ta Norway. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 March 2022 |title=Akademiet gratulerer sine nye medlemmer! |url=https://dnva.no/detskjer/2022/03/akademiet-gratulerer-sine-nye-medlemmer |access-date=1 October 2024 |publisher=[[Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters]] |language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban tallafi da kyaututtuka ==

* '''2021-2026: DOTpaleo: Yanayin zafi mai zurfi a cikin Paleogene Greenhouse .''' Majalisar Bincike ta Norway (NOK miliyan 12) ce ta ba da kuɗin &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deep Ocean Temperatures in the Paleogene Greenhouse - Prosjektbanken |url=https://prosjektbanken.forskningsradet.no/project/FORISS/314371?Kilde=FORISS&amp;distribution=Ar&amp;chart=bar&amp;calcType=funding&amp;Sprak=no&amp;sortBy=score&amp;sortOrder=desc&amp;resultCount=30&amp;offset=0&amp;Fritekst=314371 |access-date=2022-02-07 |website=Prosjektbanken - Forskningsrådet |language=nb-NO}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''2021-2026: FluidMICS: Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa Microthermometry a cikin Speleothems''' . Majalisar Bincike ta Turai (ERC Consolidator Grant, € 2 miliyan) ce ta ba da kuɗin. Aikin FluidMICS yana nazarin &quot;stalagmites a cikin koguna na wurare masu zafi, inda ake adana ƙananan saukowar ruwa daga lokacin da ruwa ya zubo daga rufin kogon&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Four UiB researchers receive top European grants |url=https://www.uib.no/en/news/141162/four-uib-researchers-receive-top-european-grants |access-date=2022-02-07 |website=University of Bergen |language=en |archive-date=2022-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207180525/https://www.uib.no/en/news/141162/four-uib-researchers-receive-top-european-grants |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''2017-2021: T-TRAC: Sake gina yanayin zafi na wurare masu zafi a cikin shekaru miliyan 0.5 daga tsarin kogon'''. Majalisar Bincike ta Norway ce ta ba da kuɗin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prosjekt #2528280 - T-TRAC: Tropical Temperature Reconstruction Across 0.5 million years from Cave formations - Cristin |url=https://app.cristin.no/projects/show.jsf?id=2528280 |access-date=2022-02-07 |website=app.cristin.no}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''2015-2020: ERC Farawa Grant.''' Sake gina yanayin da ya gabata ta amfani da ruwan teku da dutsen kogo (''stalagmite'') a matsayin tarihin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Climate researcher gets ERC Starting Grant |url=https://www.uib.no/en/news/83160/climate-researcher-gets-erc-starting-grant |access-date=2022-02-07 |website=University of Bergen |language=en |archive-date=2022-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207180527/https://www.uib.no/en/news/83160/climate-researcher-gets-erc-starting-grant |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''2012-2014: Marie Heim-Vögtlin Grant.''' Kyautar MHV, daga Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Kasa ta Switzerland,  ta ba Meckler damar yin shekaru biyu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta California.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-06-04 |title=Armelle Corpet and Anna Nele Meckler – Marie Heim-Vögtlin Prize Winners 2015 |url=https://www.snf.ch/en/WL4Eb3vb5EKZMh3Z/news/armelle-corpet-and-anna-nele-meckler-marie-heim-voegtlin-prize-winners-2015 |website=Swiss National Science Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Mona Demaidi</title>
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'''Mona Nabil Demaidi''' (Arabic) 'yar kasuwa ce kuma mai ba da shawara kan haƙƙin mata. An haife ta a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1988, a Nablus, [[Falasdinu]] . Ta sami digirinta na PhD a cikin Injiniyan Software da Injiniyan Injiniya da MSc tare da bambanci a cikin Injin Software da Gudanar da Bayanai daga Jami'ar Manchester, Burtaniya. Demaidi ta shiga Jami'ar Kasa ta An-Najah a cikin 2016, ta zama mace mafi ƙanƙanta tare da takardar shaidar PhD a Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasahar Bayanai a Falasdinu. A shekara ta 2014, ta zama memba na kwamitin Mata a Injiniya da Mata Larabawa a Kwamfuta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2020 |title=Mona Demaidi – Assistant Professor at An-Najah National University |url=https://www.galtalkstech.com/2020/05/01/mona-demaidi-assistant-professor-at-an-najah-national-university-palestine/ }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Satumbar 2024, Dokta Demaidi ya zama Dean na Faculty of Digital Sciences da Darakta na Harkokin Kasashen Duniya a Jami'ar Larabawa ta Amurka tsakanin Satumba 1, 2024 - Agusta 1, 2025. Farawa daga watan Agustan shekara ta 2025 ta zama mataimakiyar shugaban Artificial Intelligence da Daraktan Harkokin Kasashen Duniya a Jami'ar Larabawa ta Amurka.

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
A shekara ta 1993, Demaidi ta koma tare da iyalinta zuwa Dundee, Burtaniya, kuma ta tafi makarantar firamare a Makarantar Hawkhill da Makarantar Park Place. Ta kammala makarantar sakandare a Falasdinu. Mona Demaidi ta sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya (BSc) a cikin Injiniyan Kwamfuta a Jami'ar An-Najah da ke Nablus, Falasdinu . Bayan ta sami digiri na Master of Science a cikin Advanced Software Engineering da Data Management a cikin 2010/11 a Jami'ar Manchester, ta sami digirin digirinta na PhD a cikin Artificial Intelligence.&lt;ref name=&quot;buildpalestine1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 22, 2020 |title=Mona Demaidi – BuildPalestine |url=https://buildpalestine.com/mona-demaidi/ |access-date=March 27, 2022 |website=buildpalestine.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarewa ==
Mona Demaidi ita ce ta kafa STEMpire wanda PALMEC International ke ba da wutar lantarki. STEMpire yana ba da ƙarfi ga masu kirkiro na gaba ta hanyar ilimin STEM, bootcamps, da hackathons. Bugu da kari, Dokta Mona ita ce shugabar kuma memba na kwamitin ba da shawara na Intersect Innovation Hub wanda Bankin Falasdinu ke ba da wutar lantarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=الهيئة العامة لحاضنة &quot;إنترسكت&quot; تنتخب مجلس إدارة جديد وتناقش الخطة المستقبلية |url=https://www.alhadath.ps/article/151767/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9 |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=www.alhadath.ps |language=ar |archive-date=March 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319144617/https://www.alhadath.ps/article/151767/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, Demaidi tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin IEEE Palestine Subsection a matsayin shugabar,  Mai ba da shawara ga reshen dalibai kuma alƙali na baya a ƙarshen 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 19, 2011 |title=IEEE Region 8 Sections and Subsections |url=https://ieeer8.org/sections/ieee-region-8-sections-and-subsections/ |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=IEEE Region 8 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baya ga wannan, ta kasance ko a halin yanzu alƙali ce a cikin tushe da yawa ciki har da Hult Prize Foundation, mai hanzarin gudu da Code Your Future . Mona kuma co-kafa VTech Road  kuma Co-managing darakta ga Girls in Tech, Inc.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=VTech Road |url=https://vtechroad.com/ |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=vtechroad.com |archive-date=April 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421164844/https://vtechroad.com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;buildpalestine12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 22, 2020 |title=Mona Demaidi – BuildPalestine |url=https://buildpalestine.com/mona-demaidi/ |access-date=March 27, 2022 |website=buildpalestine.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Demaidi ita ce shugabar Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Injiniyoyin Injiniya a Falasdinu kuma ita ce mace ta farko da aka ba da lambar yabo daga Cibiyar Injin Lantarki da Lantarki (babban memba). Ta kuma zama babban darakta na Girls in Tech a Falasdinu . Demaidi kuma mai bincike ce yayin da ta bayar da takardu shida na mujallu da littafin Terminological Ontology Evaluator in eLearning kan gina dandamali na ilmantarwa ta kan layi ta amfani da ilmantarwa na inji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mona Demaidi |url=https://staff.najah.edu/en/profiles/3132/ |website=An-Najah Staff}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MONA DEMAIDI – IATED Digital Library |url=https://library.iated.org/authors/Mona_Demaidi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DBLP: Mona Nabil Demaidi |url=https://dblp.org/pid/222/4755.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mona Demaidi ta haɓaka dabarun leken asiri na kasa don Falasdinu a cikin 2022.

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Natalie von Bertouch</title>
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'''Natalie von Bertouch''' /ˈbɜːrˌtoʊ/ BUR-toh;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 February 2013 |title=Natalie Von Bertouch, Australian Diamond and Adelaide Thunderbird netballl player talks teamwork. |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vbVThh41kto |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614053926/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vbVThh41kto |archive-date=14 June 2021 |access-date=14 June 2021 |website=[[YouTube]] }}&lt;/ref&gt; (born 16 December 1982), also known as '''Natalie Bode''', is a former Australia netball international. Between 2004 and 2012 she made 76 senior appearances for Australia. Bertouch was a member of the Australia teams that won the gold medals at the 2007 and 2011 World Netball Championships. She captained Australia at the latter tournament. She was also a member of the Australia teams that won the silver medals at the 2006 and 2010 Commonwealth Games. At club level, Bertouch captained Adelaide Thunderbirds to two ANZ Championship titles in 2010 and 2013. Her older sister Laura von Bertouch is also a former  netball player. The two sisters were team mates with both Thunderbirds and Australia.

== Rayuwa ta farko, iyali da ilimi ==
Bertouch 'yar Terry von Bertouch ce, wacce, a ƙarshen shekarun 1960 da 1970, ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Australiya a Arewacin Adelaide da Norwood a Kudancin Kudancin Australiya. Babbar 'yar'uwarta, Laura von Bertouch, ita ma tsohuwar 'yar wasan kwallon kafa ce ta Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;nzherald121006&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/netball-pair-pressure-for-sisters/UIB4EMKCFS2PU3B77XE2KRS2QI/|title=Netball: Pair pressure for sisters|publisher=www.nzherald.co.nz|date=12 October 2006|access-date=21 October 2020}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abc240810&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 August 2010 |title=Natalie Von Bertouch's golden year |url=https://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2010/08/24/2992299.htm |access-date=18 September 2017 |publisher=www.abc.net.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abc160910&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 September 2010 |title=Natalie von Bertouch |url=http://www.abc.net.au/profiles/content/s3013456.htm |access-date=22 October 2020 |publisher=www.abc.net.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sanflbertouch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Terry Von Bertouch - SANFL |url=https://sanfl.com.au/inside-sanfl/hall-of-fame/terry-von-bertouch/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=SANFL |publisher=sanfl.com.au |archive-date=24 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024134232/https://sanfl.com.au/inside-sanfl/hall-of-fame/terry-von-bertouch/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;afbertouch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Terry Von Bertouch |url=https://australianfootball.com/players/player/terry+von+bertouch/775 |access-date=22 October 2020 |publisher=australianfootball.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;adelaidenow190713&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 July 2013 |title=Valuable lessons of humble champion Natalie von Bertouch |url=https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/sport/netball/valuable-lessons-of-humble-champion-natalie-von-bertouch/news-story/5100b9f66b2936bd67d7524d3ad59244 |access-date=22 October 2020 |publisher=www.adelaidenow.com.au}}&lt;/ref&gt; 'Yan uwan Bertouch dukansu sun yi karatu a Kwalejin Immanuel.&lt;ref name=&quot;immanuel&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=State Netball &amp; Basketball Knockout Champions |url=https://immanuel.sa.edu.au/latest-news/state-netball-champions-x-2/ |access-date=24 October 2020 |publisher=immanuel.sa.edu.au}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsakanin shekara ta 2004 zuwa 2008, Bertouch ta halarci Jami'ar Flinders, inda ta sami Digiri na farko a fannin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma kula da abinci mai gina lafiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;linkedinbertouch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Natalie von Bertouch |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/natalie-von-bertouch-6b837798/ |access-date=21 October 2020 |publisher=www.linkedin.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;halogenbertouch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Natalie von Bertouch |url=https://www.halogen.org.au/speaker.php?speakerid=47 |access-date=23 October 2020 |publisher=www.halogen.org.au}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, ta auri dan wasan kwallon kafa na Australiya, Jace Bode . Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;adelaidenow021114&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 November 2014 |title=Former Thunderbirds captain Nat von Bertouch marries Jace Bode at Waverley Estate, Port Elliot |url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/entertainment/confidential/former-thunderbirds-captain-nat-von-bertouch-marries-jace-bode-at-waverley-estate-port-elliot/news-story/380c2f34eaea9b22ec3dd1546bb9c980 |access-date=18 September 2017 |publisher=www.adelaidenow.com.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mamamia1210717&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 July 2017 |title=Former Aussie Diamond captain on losing her twins: &quot;Their little heartbeats weren't there anymore.&quot; |url=https://www.mamamia.com.au/natalie-von-bertouch-on-her-miscarriage/ |access-date=21 October 2020 |publisher=www.mamamia.com.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pressreader050817&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 August 2017 |title=Learning from the weighty lessons of her life |url=https://www.pressreader.com/australia/the-advertiser/20170805/281749859441408 |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]] |via=[[PressReader]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;perthnow260618&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 June 2018 |title=Natalie von Bertouch pens nutrition guide for kids in social media age |url=https://www.perthnow.com.au/entertainment/confidential/natalie-von-bertouch-pens-nutrition-guide-for-kids-in-social-media-age-ng-81e139837b457d7518c96bba29175406 |access-date=21 October 2020 |publisher=www.perthnow.com.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan wasa ==

=== Tattaunawa ===
Bertouch da 'yar'uwarta, Laura von Bertouch, sun fara buga wasan netball tun suna da shekaru bakwai da tara a Contax Netball Club.&lt;ref name=&quot;adelaidenow190713&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;sanetball2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Annual Report 2013 – Netball SA |url=https://sa.netball.com.au/sites/sa/files/2020-01/Annual-Report-2013.pdf |access-date=29 June 2020 |publisher=sa.netball.com.au}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;contax200309&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Club History – 2003 to 2009 |url=https://www.contax.net.au/club-history-2003-to-2009/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |publisher=www.contax.net.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;contaxaustralia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Australian Selections |url=https://www.contax.net.au/australian-selections/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |publisher=www.contax.net.au}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2000, tare da Tracey Neville, 'yan uwan Bertouch sun kasance mambobi ne na ƙungiyar Contax wacce ta lashe gasar jihar Kudancin Australia. Natalie ta kuma taimaka wa Contax ta ci gaba da lashe gasar zakarun jihohi a 2002 da 2003.&lt;ref name=&quot;contaxhistory199702&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Club History – 1997 to 2002 |url=https://www.contax.net.au/club-history-1997-to-2002/ |access-date=16 October 2020 |publisher=www.contax.net.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;contax050812&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 August 2012 |title=60 Years of &quot;Netball at its best!&quot; |url=https://www.contax.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/ETSA-Contax-60th-Year-History-Booklet-5-August-2012-final-27072012-2.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106035909/https://www.contax.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/ETSA-Contax-60th-Year-History-Booklet-5-August-2012-final-27072012-2.pdf |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |publisher=www.contax.net.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== AIS ===
A lokacin kakar 2001, Bertouch ya buga wa Cibiyar Wasanni ta Australiya wasa. Ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar AIS wacce ta lashe gasar zakarun jihar Kudancin Australia. An kuma kira ta dan wasa mafi kyau kuma mafi kyau a gasar kuma an zaba ta a cikin Team of the Year.[1]

=== Adelaide Thunderbirds ===
Between 2001 and 2013, Bertouch played for Adelaide Thunderbirds. During the Commonwealth Bank Trophy era she was named in the Team of the Year for three successive seasons between 2005 and 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;sanetball2013&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;anz757&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Past Players &amp; Support Staff |url=http://www.anz-championship.com/thunderbirds_subdomain/extra_id_757_OrgID_628.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026212711/http://www.anz-championship.com/thunderbirds_subdomain/extra_id_757_OrgID_628.html |archive-date=26 October 2021 |access-date=17 October 2020 |publisher=www.anz-championship.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;adelaidenow241117&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 November 2017 |title=Six greats take their place in SA Sport Hall of Fame |url=https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/sport/more-sports/six-greats-take-their-place-in-sa-sport-hall-of-fame/news-story/68884a51c3f3fd545a80bfddd367ddbc |access-date=23 October 2020 |publisher=www.adelaidenow.com.au}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2008, Bertouch became the inaugural ANZ Championship Thunderbirds captain. She subsequently captained Thunderbirds to two ANZ Championship titles.&lt;ref name=&quot;sanetball2013&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;diamondsnatvonbe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Natalie von Bertouch |url=https://diamonds.netball.com.au/player/natalie-von-bertouch |access-date=17 October 2020 |publisher=diamonds.netball.com.au}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2010, after finishing second during the regular season, they defeated the minor premiers, New South Wales Swifts, in the major semi-final and Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic in the grand final.&lt;ref name=&quot;sanetball2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Annual Report 2010 – Netball SA |url=https://sa.netball.com.au/sites/sa/files/2020-01/Annual-Report-2010.pdf |access-date=29 June 2020 |publisher=sa.netball.com.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;netballau2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Netball Australia Annual Report 2010 |url=https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/netball-wp-assets/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/27094535/2010-Annual-Report.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029171008/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/netball-wp-assets/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/27094535/2010-Annual-Report.pdf |archive-date=29 October 2020 |access-date=28 June 2020 |publisher=[[Netball Australia]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abc110710&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 July 2010 |title=Thunderbirds claim victory |url=https://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2010/07/11/2950416.htm |access-date=16 October 2020 |publisher=www.abc.net.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wsr110710&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 July 2010 |title=Adelaide Thunderbirds (52) defeated Bay of Plenty Magic (42) |url=https://womensportreport.com/adelaide-thunderbirds--52--defeated-bay/wn/635 |access-date=16 October 2020 |publisher=womensportreport.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
In 2013, Natalie von Bertouch captained Thunderbirds to a second premiership after they defeated Queensland Firebirds in the grand final.&lt;ref name=&quot;sanetball2013&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;foxsports140713&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 July 2013 |title=Adelaide Thunderbirds win second ANZ Championship title after downing Queensland Firebirds |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/more-sports/netball-gf-thunderbirds-v-firebirds/news-story/ab8cb9469018323e08f6a71da8c2457e |access-date=7 October 2020 |publisher=www.foxsports.com.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abc150713&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 July 2013 |title=Netball: Adelaide Thunderbirds win trans-Tasman title with 50-48 win over Queensland Firebirds |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-07-14/thunderbirds-are-go-as-adelaide-takes-title/4819302 |publisher=www.abc.net.au}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shortly after the 2013 grand final Bertouch announced she was retiring as a player.&lt;ref name=&quot;adelaidenow190713&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abc170713a&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2013 |title=Thunderbirds and Diamonds netball captain Natalie von Bertouch announces retirement |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-07-17/natalie-von-bertouch-announces-retirement-from-netball/4825574 |access-date=21 October 2020 |publisher=www.abc.net.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abc170713&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2013 |title=Out on a high: Natalie von Bertouch retires |url=https://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2013/07/17/3804959.htm |publisher=www.abc.net.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;smh170713&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2013 |title=Von Bertouch retires on her own terms |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/von-bertouch-retires-on-her-own-terms-20130717-2q40v.html |access-date=21 October 2020 |publisher=www.smh.com.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;standard170713&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2013 |title=Natalie von Bertouch announces Thunderbirds retirement |url=https://www.murrayvalleystandard.com.au/story/1643927/natalie-von-bertouch-announces-thunderbirds-retirement/ |access-date=21 October 2020 |publisher=www.murrayvalleystandard.com.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;stuff180713&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 July 2013 |title=Natalie von Bertouch announces retirement |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/8930377/Natalie-von-Bertouch-announces-retirement |access-date=21 October 2020 |publisher=www.stuff.co.nz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Olivia Newton-John</title>
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      <text bytes="8529" sha1="s7s9a2vwjtx62yaac5m8ueijtwzk0id" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Dame Olivia Newton-John''' (26 ga Satumba 1948 - 8 ga Agusta 2022) mawaƙiya ce ta Burtaniya da Australiya, marubuciya kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 January 2019 |title=Companion of the Order of Australia |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/2002675 |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=Australian Honours |publisher=[[Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tare da sayar da rikodin sama da miliyan 100, Newton-John yana daya daga cikin masu fasahar kiɗa mafi kyawun lokaci, da kuma mafi kyawun mai fasahar rikodin mata ta Australiya a kowane lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;smh.com.au&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 August 2022 |title=Why did Olivia Newton-John make it in the US when so many others didn't? |url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/music/why-did-olivia-newton-john-make-it-in-the-us-when-so-many-others-didn-t-20220811-p5b94q.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 1978, Newton-John ta fito a Fim din kiɗa ''Mai'' suna Grease, wanda shine fim din kiɗan da ya fi Sam kuɗi a lokacin kuma sauti ya kasance ɗaya daga Jiki kundin da aka fi siyarwa a duniya. Ya ƙunshi manyan duets guda biyu tare da co-star John Travolta: &quot;Kai ne Wanda nake so&quot; - wanda shine ɗayan &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwQA&quot;&gt;Mai&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; kyawun sayarwa na kowane lokaci - da kuma &quot;Summer Nights&quot;. Rubuce-rubucen sa hannu sun haɗa da Record of the Year Grammy wanda ya lashe &quot;I Honestly Love You&quot; (1974) da &quot;Physical&quot; (1981) - ''Billboard''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s highest-ranking Hot 100 single of the 1980s. Sauran ma'anar waƙoƙin da aka buga sun haɗa da &quot;If Not for You&quot; da &quot;Banks of the Ohio&quot; (duka 1971), &quot;Let Me Be There&quot; (1973), &quot;If You Love Me (Let Me Know) &quot; (1974), &quot;Have You Never Been Mellow&quot; (1975), &quot;Sam&quot; (1977), &quot;Hopelessly Devoted to You&quot; (1978; kuma daga Grease), &quot;A More Love&quot; (1978), &quot;Twist of Fate&quot; (1983) kuma, daga fim din 1980 ''Xanadu'', &quot;Magic&quot; da &quot;Xan Electric Orchestra&quot; (tare da &quot;Xanadu Light).

Kyautar Newton-John ta haɗa da Grammy Awards guda huɗu, Daytime Emmy Award, Billboard Music Awards guda tara, American Music Awards guda shida, tauraron a kan Hollywood Walk of Fame da kuma shigarwa cikin ARIA Hall of Fame. Ta zira kwallaye goma sha biyar a saman goma, ciki har da guda biyar a kan &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwUg&quot;&gt;Billboard&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Hot 100,  da kuma kundi biyu a kan &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwWA&quot;&gt;Billboard&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; 200: Idan Ka Ka Ƙauna Ni, Bari Ka San (1974) da kuma Have You Never Been Mellow (1975). Goma sha ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙinta (ciki har da Platinum guda biyu) da goma sha huɗu daga cikin kundin ta (cikilar Platinum guda ɗaya da 2× Platinum guda huɗu) an tabbatar da su Gold ta hanyar Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). An nada ta Jami'in Order of Australia a shekara ta 2006 kuma Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire a shekarar 2020.

== Rayuwa ta farko da iyali ==
An haifi Olivia Newton-John a ranar 26 ga Satumba 1948 &lt;ref name=&quot;Eurovisionary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 November 2008 |title=Olivia Newton-John biography |url=https://www.eurovisionary.com/eurovision-biography/olivia-newton-john-biography |access-date=5 November 2019 |website=EuroVisionary |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; a Cambridge ga Brinley &quot;Brin&quot; Newton-John (1914-1992) da Irene Helene (an haife ta; 1914-2003). &lt;ref name=&quot;Eurovisionary&quot; /&gt; An haifi mahaifinta kuma ya girma a Wales a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi. An haifi mahaifiyarta kuma ta girma a Jamus ga dangin ilimi na Jamus-Yahudawa waɗanda suka zo Burtaniya a 1933 don tserewa daga mulkin Nazi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 January 2019 |title=Companion of the Order of Australia |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/2002675 |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=Australian Honours |publisher=[[Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kakan mahaifiyar Newton-John shi ne masanin kimiyyar lissafi na Yahudawa na Jamus wanda ya lashe Kyautar Nobel Max Born . &lt;ref name=&quot;maxborn&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=G.V.R. Born |year=2002 |title=The wide-ranging family history of Max Born |url=http://rsnr.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/56/2/219.full.pdf |journal=Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London |publisher=royalsocietypublishing.org |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=219–262 |doi=10.1098/rsnr.2002.0180 |s2cid=72026412 |access-date=2 March 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=25 July 2019 |title=Olivia Newton-John displays movie memorabilia in Newbridge |url=https://www.rte.ie/lifestyle/living/2019/0723/1064799-olivia-newton-john-visits-newbridge/ |access-date=25 July 2019 |publisher=[[RTÉ News and Current Affairs]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakar mahaifiyarta Hedwig 'yar lauyan Bayahude ne na Jamus Victor Ehrenberg da matarsa ta Lutheran, Helene Agatha von Jhering . Ta hanyar Helene Agatha, Newton-John ya kasance zuriyar masanin tauhidin Protestant Martin Luther. Ta kuma fito ne daga wani masarautar Mutanen Espanya da ba a bayyana ba.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 January 2019 |title=Companion of the Order of Australia |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/2002675 |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=Australian Honours |publisher=[[Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=25 July 2019 |title=Olivia Newton-John displays movie memorabilia in Newbridge |url=https://www.rte.ie/lifestyle/living/2019/0723/1064799-olivia-newton-john-visits-newbridge/ |access-date=25 July 2019 |publisher=[[RTÉ News and Current Affairs]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifin Helene Agatha, kakan kakan Newton-John, lauya ne Rudolf von Jhering . Kakan Newton-John shine masanin ilimin magunguna Gustav Victor Rudolf Born . Ta hanyar layin Ehrenberg, Newton-John dan uwan dan wasan kwaikwayo ne na uku na Ben Elton . &lt;ref name=&quot;maxborn&quot; /&gt;

Mahaifin Newton-John jami'in MI5 ne &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 January 2019 |title=Companion of the Order of Australia |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/2002675 |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=Australian Honours |publisher=[[Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; a kan aikin Enigma a Bletchley Park wanda ya kama Rudolf Hess a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 January 2019 |title=Companion of the Order of Australia |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/2002675 |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=Australian Honours |publisher=[[Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan yakin, ya zama shugaban Makarantar Sakandare ta Cambridgeshire don Yara maza kuma yana cikin wannan mukamin lokacin da aka haifi Newton-John.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=25 July 2019 |title=Olivia Newton-John displays movie memorabilia in Newbridge |url=https://www.rte.ie/lifestyle/living/2019/0723/1064799-olivia-newton-john-visits-newbridge/ |access-date=25 July 2019 |publisher=[[RTÉ News and Current Affairs]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A farkon shekara ta 1954, lokacin da Newton-John ke da shekaru biyar, iyalinta suka yi hijira zuwa [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]], a kan SS Strathaird . &lt;ref name=&quot;Pass List 19542&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 January 1954 |title=Digital Item Page Gallery |url=https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Gallery151/dist/JGalleryViewer.aspx?B=30133959&amp;S=4&amp;N=26&amp;R=0#/SearchNRetrieve/NAAMedia/ShowImage.aspx?B=30133959&amp;T=P&amp;S=4 |access-date=22 August 2022 |publisher=[[National Archives of Australia]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na Jamusanci kuma a matsayin malamin [[Ormond College|Kwalejin Ormond]] a [[University of Melbourne|Jami'ar Melbourne]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Windeler |first=Robert |date=31 July 1978 |title=Ohh Sandy! |url=https://people.com/archive/cover-story-ohh-sandy-vol-10-no-5/ |access-date=10 November 2008 |website=People}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyalinta sun halarci coci yayin da mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwalejin Presbyterian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 January 2019 |title=Companion of the Order of Australia |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/2002675 |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=Australian Honours |publisher=[[Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kundin Have You Never Been Mellow ya haifar da waƙoƙi guda biyu - waƙar taken da John Farrar ya rubuta (No. 1 Pop, No. 3 Country,  No. 1 AC)  da kuma &quot;Don Allah Mr. Please&quot; (No. 3 Pop, No., 5 Country, No. 1 BC).&lt;ref name=&quot;google2&quot; /&gt;
[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]]

==manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ofishin Tarayya na Ci gaban Yankin</title>
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'''Ofishin Tarayya na Ci Gaban Sararin Samaniya (ARE)''' {{Efn|{{langx|de|Bundesamt für Raumentwicklung}}; {{langx|fr|Office fédéral du développement territorial}}; {{langx|it|Ufficio federale dello sviluppo territoriale}}}} ofishin tarayya ne na Switzerland . Ana amfani da kalmar &quot;ARE&quot; a cikin dukkan harsuna kuma ta samo asali ne daga sunan Jamusanci na ofishin.

An kafa ofishin a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2000, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ARE |first=Federal Office for Spatial Development |title=Duties of the ARE |url=https://www.are.admin.ch/are/en/home/bundesamt-fuer-raumentwicklung-are/aufgaben-des-bundesamts-fuer-raumentwicklung.html |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=www.are.admin.ch |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma yana da alhakin [[Spatial planning in Switzerland|tsara sararin samaniya]], daidaita sufuri da [[Sustainable development|ci gaba mai ɗorewa]] . Hakanan yana kula da batutuwan da suka shafi [[Alpine Convention|Yarjejeniyar Alpine]] . Yana ba da rahoto ga [[Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications|Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Tarayya, Sufuri, Makamashi da Sadarwa]], kuma yana da hedikwata a [[Ittigen]] .

== Tarihi ==
A shekarar 1972, Majalisar Tarayya ta kafa muƙamin ''Wakili don Tsarin Sararin Samaniya'' . A shekarar 1980, an ƙirƙiri Ofishin Tarayya don Tsarin Amfani da Ƙasa {{Efn|{{langx|de|Bundesamt für Raumplanung}}; {{langx|fr|Office fédéral de l'aménagement du territoire}}}} .

Ofishin Tarayya na Ci Gaban Sararin Samaniya ya fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2000, inda ya haɗa ayyukan Ofishin Tarayya na Tsara Amfani da Ƙasa, da ayyukan Tsarin Sufuri, Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa da kuma Yarjejeniyar Alpine a ƙarƙashin rufin gida ɗaya.

== Daraktoci ==

* 2000-2008: Pierre-Alain Rumley &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ARE |first=Federal Office for Spatial Development |title=Duties of the ARE |url=https://www.are.admin.ch/are/en/home/bundesamt-fuer-raumentwicklung-are/aufgaben-des-bundesamts-fuer-raumentwicklung.html |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=www.are.admin.ch |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tun daga shekarar 2009: Maria Lezzi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ARE |first=Office fédéral du développement territorial |title=Organisation |url=https://www.are.admin.ch/are/fr/home/bundesamt-fuer-raumentwicklung-are/organisation.html |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=www.are.admin.ch |language=fr |archive-date=2023-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216093401/https://www.are.admin.ch/are/fr/home/bundesamt-fuer-raumentwicklung-are/organisation.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Tsarin sarari a Switzerland

== Manazarta ==

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    <title>Myles Humphreys</title>
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'''Sir Raymond Evelyn''' &quot;'''Myles'''&quot; '''Humphreys''' JP DL (24 Maris 1925 - 22 Fabrairu 1998) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sir Myles Humphreys, The Right Honorable, The Lord Mayor of Belfast (1975–1977) {{!}} Art UK |url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/sir-myles-humphreys-the-right-honorable-the-lord-mayor-of-belfast-19751977-168171 |website=artuk.org |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; ya kasance dan siyasa da kuma mai fafutuka na [[Ulster Unionist Party|Jam'iyyar Ulster Unionist]] ta Arewacin Ireland, kuma injiniya da ɗan kasuwa

Ya yi aiki a matsayin Lord Mayor na Belfast daga 1975 zuwa 1977, kuma daga baya ya jagoranci Hukumar 'yan sanda ta Arewacin Ireland na tsawon shekaru goma. An ba shi lambar yabo a cikin Jubilee na Azurfa da girmamawa na ranar haihuwar 1977, don hidimar jama'a a Belfast.

== Matsayi / matsayi ==

* 1976: Freeman na Birnin London .
* 1946: Injiniyan bincike na Hukumar Arewacin Ireland
* 1948-1955: Injiniyan bincike na Ulster Transport Authority

== Sauran alaƙa / matsayi ==

* Kwamishinan Tashar Jirgin Ruwa ta Belfast
* Sanata, Junior Chamber International
* Shugaban kasa, Arewacin Ireland Polio Fellowship
* Shugaban, Majalisar Gidaje da Shirye-shiryen Birni ta Kasa
* Babban Sheriff na Belfast (1969) 
* Majalisar Dattijai ta Jami'ar Sarauniya (1975-77) 
* Shugaban, Marathon na Belfast (1981-85) 
* memba na rayuwa, Railway Preservation Society of Ireland (daga 1970 har zuwa mutuwarsa) 
* Shugaba, Ƙungiyar Matasan Birnin Belfast
* Daraktan, Ulster Orchestra Society (1980-81) 
* Hukumar Kula da Yawon Bude Ido ta Arewacin Ireland (1973-80) 
* Shugaban kungiyar Ulster Tourist Development Association (1968-78) 

== Ilimi ==
Humphreys ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Skegoniell, Makarantar Sakandare ta Londonderry da kuma makarantar Belfast Royal Academy .

== Mutuwa ==
Sir Myles Humphreys ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 1998, yana da shekaru 72, daga dalilan da ba a bayyana ba.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1925]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muhammad Shafi Daudi</title>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 100%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%;&quot;&gt;Muhammad Shafi Daudi&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |memba na Majalisar Dokoki ta Tsakiya
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:none&quot; |A cikin ofishin 1924-1935&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;color: #202122; background:lavender&quot; |Bayani na sirri
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |An haife shi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |27 Oktoba 1875 &lt;div class=&quot;birthplace&quot;&gt;[[Daudnagar]], Indiya&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ya mutu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |25 Janairu 1949 &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(1949-01-25)&lt;/span&gt; (shekaru 73) &lt;div class=&quot;deathplace&quot;&gt;[[Daudnagar]], Indiya&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Jam'iyyar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* Majalisar Dokokin Indiya (1920-1928) 
* Jam'iyyar Swaraj (1923-1935) 
* Taron Musulmi na Indiya (1928-1932) 
* Ƙungiyar Musulmi ta Indiya (1932-1947) 
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Alma Matar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Darul Uloom Deoband
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-below&quot; style=&quot;border-top: 1px solid right;&quot; |&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
{{Reflist}}
'''Muhammad Shafi Daudi''' (27 ga Oktoba 1875 - 25 ga Janairu 1949) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=स्वतंत्रता सेनानी सफी दाउदी की जयंती मनी |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/muzaffarpur/story-freedom-fighter-safi-dawoodi-jayanti-money-4937937.html |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; masanin musulmi ne na Indiya kuma ɗan siyasa, wanda ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokoki ta Tsakiya daga 1924 zuwa 1935.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shafi Daudi: The builder of the Congress in Muzaffarpur (Bihar)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=HT |first=Team |date=2018-10-27 |title=Shafi Daudi: The builder of the Congress in Muzaffarpur (Bihar) |url=https://www.heritagetimes.in/shafi-daudi-the-builder-of-the-congress-in-muzaffarpur-bihar/ |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Heritage Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=TwoCircles.net |date=2012-11-18 |title=Shafi Daudi: The builder of the Congress in Muzaffarpur (Bihar) |url=https://twocircles.net/2012nov18/shafi_daudi_builder_congress_muzaffarpur_bihar.html |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=TwoCircles.net |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Muhammad Shafi Daudi a ƙauyen [[Daudnagar]] na [[Bihar]] a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1875 ga Sheikh Mohammad Hasan . Ya yi karatu a [[Makarantar Islamiyya|Madrassa]] daban-daban ciki har da Darul Uloom Deoband .

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Muhammad Shadi Daudi ya auri Zubaida Daudi, wata mace mai fafutukar 'yanci wacce ta shiga ƙungiyar ba da hadin kai ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=स्वतंत्रता सेनानी सफी दाउदी की जयंती मनी |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/muzaffarpur/story-freedom-fighter-safi-dawoodi-jayanti-money-4937937.html |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun haifi 'ya'ya 9 tare.

== Ayyuka ==
Daudi ya shiga Majalisar Dokokin Indiya a 1920 kuma ya shiga Jam'iyyar Swaraj a 1923.

Gundumar Muzaffarpur ta zama muhimmiyar cibiyar Non-Cooperation Movement. Hukumomin mulkin mallaka sun yanke shawarar murkushe motsi. A ranar 30 ga Oktoba 1921 Superintendent na 'yan sanda ya rubuta a cikin rubutunsa cewa mutanen Muzaffarpur suna da amincewa sosai ga shugabansu Daudi. A wannan rana 'yan sanda suka mamaye gidan Daudi kuma suka kama shi tare da Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi da Abdul Wadood . &lt;ref name=&quot;Shafi Daudi: The builder of the Congress in Muzaffarpur (Bihar)&quot;/&gt;

Ya zama Shugaban Jam'iyyar Swaraj na [[Bihar]] . Ya shiga cikin Babban zaben Indiya na 1923 kuma an zabe shi a Majalisar Dokoki ta Tsakiya . Ya kasance memba daga 1924 zuwa 1935. 

A cikin 1928, lokacin da Rahoton Nehru game da sake fasalin kundin tsarin mulki ya karɓi Majalisar Dokokin Indiya. Ya yi tsayayya da rahoton game da rashin samar da hakkoki ga 'yan tsiraru.

Bayan daidaitawar Rahoton Nehru, Ya yi murabus daga Majalisar Dokokin Indiya tare da sauran Shugabannin Musulmai kuma ya kafa ''Taron Musulmi na Indiya'' a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 1928 a [[Delhi]]. Jam'iyyarsa ta tsara ƙuduri wanda ya bukaci Tsarin Gwamnatin Tarayya tare da ikon cin gashin kai da sauran iko ga larduna da kuma raba masu jefa kuri'a ga Musulmai. [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] daga baya ya daidaita wannan bukatar a cikin maki goma sha huɗu.

Ya zama Babban Sakatare na All India Muslim Conference a 1930.

A shekara ta 1932, ya haɗu da ''Taron Musulmi na Indiya'' tare da All India Muslim League . Aga Khan III ne ya zaba shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mataimakin shugaban kasa na dindindin na Muslim League tare da [[Muhammad Iqbal]] da Shafaat Ahmed Khan a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 1934.

A shekara ta 1935, lokacin da Jam'iyyar Swaraj ta haɗu da Majalisar Dokokin Indiya bai shiga Majalisar ba.

Ya kuma shiga [[1937 Indian provincial election|Zaben lardin Indiya na 1937]] a kan tikitin Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam .

== Mutuwa da gado ==
Ya mutu a ranar 25 ga watan Janairun 1949 a garinsu [[Daudnagar]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=स्वतंत्रता सेनानी सफी दाउदी की जयंती मनी |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/muzaffarpur/story-freedom-fighter-safi-dawoodi-jayanti-money-4937937.html |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kafa wani mutum-mutumi don tunawa da Shafi Daudi a Tilak Maidan a [[Muzaffarpur]], [[Bihar]] ta All India Freedom Fighters Federation . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=स्वतंत्रता सेनानी सफी दाउदी की जयंती मनी |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/muzaffarpur/story-freedom-fighter-safi-dawoodi-jayanti-money-4937937.html |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=TwoCircles.net |date=2012-11-18 |title=Shafi Daudi: The builder of the Congress in Muzaffarpur (Bihar) |url=https://twocircles.net/2012nov18/shafi_daudi_builder_congress_muzaffarpur_bihar.html |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=TwoCircles.net |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Authority control}}

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

* {{Cite book|last=Akhtar Payami}}
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    <title>Mohammad Najeeb Qasmi</title>
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'''Mohammad Najeeb Qasmi Sambhal''' masanin addinin Sunni ne na Indiya wanda ya kafa makarantar Al-Noor, Sambhal . Ya kasance tsohon jami'in Darul Uloom Deoband, Jami'ar Delhi da Jamia Millia Islamia . Ya wallafa ''Dars-e-Hadith'', Dars-y-Qur'an, Islahi Mazameen, ''Tafiya zuwa Madina'', Alkur'ani da Hadith - Babban Tushen Ra'ayin Musulunci da ''Umrah Ka Tariqah''

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
Mohammad Najeeb Qasmi is a grandson of Ismail Sambhali who was a hadith scholar and an activist of the Indian Independence movement.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=report |first=Saudi Gazette |date=16 December 2013 |title=Hadith presentation launched in Riyadh |url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/68906 |website=Saudigazette}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ismail Sambhali was professor of [[Hadisi|hadith]] at the Madrasa Shahi in Moradabad and his students include Athar Mubarakpuri and Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;dastan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Asir Adrawi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Najeeb Qasmi studied traditional dars-e-nizami at the Darul Uloom Deoband and graduated from there in 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;arabnews&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2013 |title=Islamic website with extensive library launched |url=https://www.arabnews.com/saudi-arabia/islamic-website-extensive-library-launched |access-date=31 March 2020 |website=arabnews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;circles&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 January 2013 |title=Website to highlight the contribution of Ulama of Indian subcontinent |url=http://twocircles.net/2013jan07/website_highlight_contribution_ulama_indian_subcontinent.html |access-date=31 March 2020 |website=twocircles.net |archive-date=26 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226203923/http://twocircles.net/2013jan07/website_highlight_contribution_ulama_indian_subcontinent.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; He received a B.A. from Jamia Millia Islamia and an M.A in Arabic from the Delhi University. He completed his doctoral studies at the Jamia Millia Islamia.&lt;ref name=&quot;digest&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 May 2013 |title=Flashes from the Muslim World |url=http://www.youngmuslimdigest.com/news-flashes/05/2013/flashes-from-the-muslim-world-2/ |access-date=31 March 2020 |website=youngmuslimdigest}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;circles&quot; /&gt;

Qasmi ta kafa makarantar Al-Noor a Sambhal, Uttar Pradesh a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2018. Malaman Darul Uloom Deoband da Jamia Millia Islamia ne suka kafa dutsen tushe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=report |first=Saudi Gazette |date=16 December 2013 |title=Hadith presentation launched in Riyadh |url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/68906 |website=Saudigazette}}&lt;/ref&gt; Labaransa sun bayyana a cikin Monthly al-Bayyinat na [[Jamia Binoria]] da ''Jahan-e-[[Urdu]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;urdu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Articles of Qasmi on Jahan-e-Urdu |url=https://www.jahan-e-urdu.com/?s=+%DA%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1+%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF+%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A8+%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A8%DA%BE%D9%84%DB%8C |access-date=31 March 2020 |website=jahan-e-urdu.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ٹاؤن |first=جامعہ علوم اسلامیہ بنوری |title=مضامین برائے مفتی محمد نجیب قاسمی سنبھلی &amp;#124; جامعہ علوم اسلامیہ بنوری ٹاؤن |url=https://www.banuri.edu.pk/web/articles/writer/%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA%DB%8C+%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF+%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A8+%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A8%DA%BE%D9%84%DB%8C |website=www.banuri.edu.pk }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Labaransa suna bayyana a kai a kai a cikin The Inquilab, The Munsif Daily, The Siasat Daily, Urdu Times, Avadhnama da sauran jaridu na Indiya da Pakistan kamar Daily Jang da Daily Express .  &lt;ref name=&quot;pk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Najeeb Qasmi's articles on Jang.com.pk |url=https://jang.com.pk/search1?q=%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A8+%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C |access-date=31 March 2020 |website=Jang.com.pk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;express&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Articles of Dr Najeeb Qasmi |url=https://www.express.pk/author/2475/doctor-muhammad-najeeb-qasmi-sanbhali/ |access-date=31 March 2020 |website=express.pk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kuma rubuta a shafin yanar gizon sa, wanda aka saki a cikin wani aiki da aka gudanar a [[Riyadh]] a ranar 4 ga Janairun 2013 da wasu malaman Indiya.   &lt;ref name=&quot;milli&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=New Islamic website inaugurated in Riyadh |url=http://www.milligazette.com/news/6351-new-islamic-website-inaugurated-in-riyadh |access-date=31 March 2020 |website=milligazette}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;digest&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;web&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 January 2013 |title=New Islamic website launched |url=http://www.bhatkallys.com/gulf/launch-of-a-new-islamic-website-www-najeebislamic-com/ |access-date=31 March 2020 |website=bhatkallys.com |archive-date=17 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617160145/http://www.bhatkallys.com/gulf/launch-of-a-new-islamic-website-www-najeebislamic-com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Saudi Gazette a cikin rahotonta ya kira shafin yanar gizon yaro na kwakwalwa na Qasmi. A shirin ƙaddamarwa, Qasmi ya ce, &quot;Ganin shahararren Intanet, ana ƙaddamar da sabbin shafukan yanar gizo da yawa tare da sunayen Islama a kai a kai, ba daidai ba da koyarwar Islama. Wannan shafin yanar gizon yana ba da abin dogaro ga masu amfani&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;arabnews&quot;/&gt; Ya ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen Hajj-e-Mabroor don taimakawa samar da cikakken bayani game da Hajj da [[Umrah]]&quot; id=&quot;mwdg&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Umrah&quot;&gt;Umrah.&lt;ref name=&quot;hajj&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 July 2016 |title='Hajj-e-Mabroor' the new mobile app for Hajj &amp; Umrah |url=http://muslimmirror.com/eng/hajj-e-mabroor-the-new-mobile-app-for-hajj-umrah/ |access-date=1 April 2020 |website=Muslim Mirror}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muhammad Mustafa Azmi ne ya sake shi a shekarar 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;siasatarchive&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 August 2016 |title=Hajj-e-Mabroor app launched in 3 languages |url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/hajj-e-mabroor-app-launched-3-languages-997641/ |access-date=1 April 2020 |website=Siasat.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;voice&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hajj &amp; Umrah Apps Launched |url=https://islamicvoice.com/community-round-up/hajj-umrah-apps-launched/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924142824/https://islamicvoice.com/community-round-up/hajj-umrah-apps-launched/ |archive-date=24 September 2020 |access-date=1 April 2020 |website=islamicvoice}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aikace-aikacen yana da labarai, littattafai da bidiyo na Qasmi a Turanci, [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]] da Urdu da ke rufe fannoni daban-daban na [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]] da Umrah.&lt;ref name=&quot;voice&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;saudigazette1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 August 2016 |title='Hajj-e-Mabroor' app launched |url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/160637 |access-date=1 April 2020 |website=SaudiGazette}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2019, an ba Qasmi lambar yabo ta Watan Ke Ratna . &lt;ref name=&quot;Tribute&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 November 2019 |title=A Tribute to Maulana Azad |url=http://urdu.watansamachar.com/A-true-tribute-to-Maulana-Azad-promoting-Hindu-Muslim-unity-and-education-tariq-anwar-watan-samachar-fouram |access-date=19 November 2019 |website=WatanSamachar.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen ==
Muhammad Mustafa Azmi ne ya saki littattafan Qasmi na littattafai 38 yayin da aka saki littattafansa shida a cikin ɗakin taron Ansari na Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI) ta tsohon VC na JMI, Talat Ahmad, Akhtarul Wasey da Abul Qasim Nomani.&lt;ref name=&quot;gazette&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 March 2016 |title=Set of 38 Islamic books in 3 languages launched |url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/151305 |access-date=31 March 2020 |website=saudigazette}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=report |first=Saudi Gazette |date=16 December 2013 |title=Hadith presentation launched in Riyadh |url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/68906 |website=Saudigazette}}&lt;/ref&gt; Littattafansa sun hada da: &lt;ref name=&quot;khabar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;وطن سماچار&quot; نے ڈاکٹر محمد نجیب قاسمی کو علمی وسماجی خدمات پر ایوارڈ سے نوازا |url=http://www.fikrokhabar.com/ur/content-details/53632/news/watan-samachar-dr-najeeb-qasmi.html |access-date=1 April 2020 |website=fikrokhabar |archive-date=28 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328072639/http://fikrokhabar.com/ur/content-details/53632/news/watan-samachar-dr-najeeb-qasmi.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ''Dars-e-Hadith''
* ''Dars-da-Alkur'ani''
* Islahi Mazameen (wanda Akhtarul Wasey ya saki) 
* ''Tafiya zuwa Madina''
* ''Alkur'ani da Hadisi - Babban Tushen Ra'ayin Musulunci''
* ''Umrah Ka Tariqah''

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [http://najeebqasmi.com Mohammad Najeeb Qasmi Sambhali - Shafin yanar gizon hukuma]
* [https://theclearevidence.org/speaker-author/dr-mohammad-najeeb-qasmi/ Dokta Mohammad Najeeb Qasmi ya wallafa - Tabbacin Bayani]
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    <title>Muhammad Hafizullah</title>
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'''Muhammad Hafizullah''' (Urdu) Farfesa ne na ilimin zuciya na Pakistan wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Khyber (KMU) a Peshawar Babban Darakta na Asibitin Lady Reading da Shugaban Sashen Cardiology na Asibitar Lady Reading . Shi ne Daraktan Aikin kuma Shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Cardiology ta Peshawar &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 July 2024 |title=Board of Governors |url=https://pic.edu.pk/governors-board |access-date=9 July 2024 |website=Peshawar Institute of Cardiology |archive-date=25 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725121707/https://pic.edu.pk/governors-board |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga jagororin kasa kan thrombolysis, ciwon zuciya mai tsanani, da kuma [[Ciwon zuciya|Ciwon zuciya na ST]] wanda Pakistan Cardiac Society ta kirkira.

== Ilimi da aiki ==
Hafizullah ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Cadet Hasan Abdal, ya sami digiri na likita daga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Khyber a 1979, kuma ya sami tallafin karatu na kasashen waje don Mafi kyawun Graduates don karatun sakandare a Ingila.

Ya shiga sashen ilimin zuciya na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Postgraduate a Asibitin Lady Reading a Peshawar a shekarar 1984. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ya rike mukamai daban-daban: &lt;ref name=&quot;Hafiz 01&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof. Dr. Mohammad Hafizullah |url=http://www.kmu.edu.pk/content/prof-dr-mohammad-hafizullah |publisher=KMU |access-date=2026-01-13 |archive-date=2019-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913093812/http://www.kmu.edu.pk/content/prof-dr-mohammad-hafizullah |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Khyber, Peshawar
* Dean, Faculty of Cardiology, Kwalejin Likitoci da Likitoci, Pakistan
* Babban Darakta, Asibitin Lady Reading, Peshawar (2006-2008) 
* Mai jarrabawar ilimin zuciya don Kwalejin Likitoci da Likitoci Pakistan (CPSP) 
* Gwamna da aka zaba, Pakistan reshe na Kwalejin Cardiology ta Amurka
* Edita a Babban Jaridar Zuciya ta Pakistan
* memba na Faculty of Cardiology, CPSP
* Mai kula da masu horo da ke shirin jarrabawar CPSP
* Shugaban Sashen Cardiology, Asibitin Lady Reading
* Shugaban Sashen Cardiology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar
* Mataimakin shugaban bincike, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Postgraduate, Asibitin Lady Reading
* Daraktan aikin, Cibiyar Nazarin Zuciya ta Peshawar

A karkashin laima na Pakistan Cardiac Society, Hafizullah ya ba da gudummawa ga jagororin ƙasa game da thrombolysis, ciwon zuciya mai tsanani, ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa, angina mai ɗorewa, &lt;ref name=&quot;Hafiz 01&quot;/&gt; [[Hawan jini|hauhawar jini]], da kuma maganin rigakafin zuciya. Yana ba da laccoci game da maganin rigakafin zuciya kuma ya rubuta daruruwan labarai a cikin manyan jaridu da mujallu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 July 2024 |title=Board of Governors |url=https://pic.edu.pk/governors-board |access-date=9 July 2024 |website=Peshawar Institute of Cardiology |archive-date=25 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725121707/https://pic.edu.pk/governors-board |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan littattafai ==
Hafizullah shine marubucin littattafai goma sha ɗaya a [[Turanci]]:

* ''Sanin Zuciyarka'' (2007, Ferozsons) 
* ''Ka warkar da Zuciyarka'' (2007, Ferozsons) 
* ''Zuciya zuwa Zuciya'' (2005, Ferozsons) 
* ''Zuciyata, Mirrorina'' (2010, Ferozsons) 
* Musings na Zuciya (2011, Ferozsons) 
* ''Dukiyoyin Zuciya'' (2013, Ferozsons) 
* ''Zuciya ta Zuciya'' (2005, Jahangir Book Depot) 
* Sagas of Heart (2008, Jahangir) 
* Raunin Zuciya (2013 Ferozsons) 
* Ruminations na Zuciya (2015 Ferozsons) 
* ''Matsalar Zuciya'' (2018 Ferozsons Ltd

Ya kuma rubuta littattafai uku a cikin [[Urdu]]:

* ''Dil Ki Dunya'' (2012, Ferozsons) 
* ''Dil Ki Batain'' (2012, Ferozsons) 
* ''Dil Kai Khaenaize'' (2013, Ferozsons) 

Bugu da kari, ya wallafa fiye da labarai 450 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ginshiƙan jarida na yau da kullun: &quot;Ku san Zuciyarka&quot; a cikin The Frontier Post, &quot;Daga Core of My Heart&quot; a cikin News International, &quot;Zuciya zuwa Zuciya&quot; a cikin Statesman, &quot;Dil ka Maamla&quot; a cikin Daily Mashriq, da kuma &quot;Dil ki Batain&quot; a cikin daily Aaj.

== Haɗin kai ==
Hafizullah ya zama memba na Royal College of Physicians a 1983, na Royal Colleges of Physictors na Edinburgh da Glasgow a 1995, da kuma Kwalejin Cardiology ta Amurka a 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hafiz 01&quot; /&gt; Ya kuma sami tallafi daga Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions, Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology, European Society of Carbiology, Kwalejin Likitoci da Likitoci Pakistan, da Kwalejin Likitoci ta Amurka.

Sauran alaƙa da matsayi sun haɗa da:

* Shugaba, Pakistan Cardiac Society 
* Tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban kasa, Pakistan Hypertension League &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 July 2024 |title=Board of Governors |url=https://pic.edu.pk/governors-board |access-date=9 July 2024 |website=Peshawar Institute of Cardiology |archive-date=25 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725121707/https://pic.edu.pk/governors-board |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Gwamna, Ƙungiyar Duniya ta Magungunan Zuciya 
* Tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban, Asian Pacific Cardiac Society 
* memba na kungiyar kwadago ta Jami'ar Peshawar &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=UoP |first=CITS |title=University of Peshawar |url=http://www.upesh.edu.pk/administration/statutory/?q=2 |access-date=2016-01-28 |website=University of Peshawar }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* memba na kungiyar kwadago ta Jami'ar Malakand &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=University of Malakand - Homepage |url=http://www.uom.edu.pk/ |access-date=2016-01-28 |website=www.uom.edu.pk}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* memba na Majalisar Dattijai, Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences - PIMS |url=http://www.pims.gov.pk/ |access-date=2016-01-28 |website=www.pims.gov.pk }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* memba na kungiyar kwadago ta Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kohat &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.kust.edu.pk |access-date=2016-01-28 |website=www.kust.edu.pk}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* memba na Kwamitin Gwamnoni, Jami'ar CECOS 
* memba na Kwamitin Gwamnoni, Cibiyar Paraplegic, Peshawar &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Board of Governors (BoG) |url=http://paraplegiccenter.org/ja/index.php/about/board-of-governors |access-date=2016-01-28 |website=paraplegiccenter.org |archive-date=2016-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203090740/http://paraplegiccenter.org/ja/index.php/about/board-of-governors |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* memba na Hukumar Da'a ta Kasa, Majalisar Binciken Lafiya ta Pakistan &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Members |url=http://nbcpakistan.org.pk/members.html |access-date=2016-01-28 |website=nbcpakistan.org.pk |archive-date=2016-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123073539/http://nbcpakistan.org.pk/members.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Babban Edita, Pakistan Heart Journal, Pakistan Cardiac Society (tun 2011) 
* Babban Edita, ''Jaridar Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Postgraduate'', Asibitin Lady Reading (1993-2009) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Editor:PJMI |url=http://www.pakmedinet.com/JPMI(hafizullah) }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Patron, KMU Journal, Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Khyber &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Khyber Medical University Journal |url=http://kmuj.kmu.edu.pk/ |access-date=2016-01-28 |website=kmuj.kmu.edu.pk}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Shugaban, Majalisar kan rigakafin zuciya, Pakistan Cardiac Society &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=hafizullah President,Preventive Cardiology |url=http://www.pulsepakistan.com/archives/15_03_2011/news1.htm |access-date=16 February 2014 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129041138/http://www.pulsepakistan.com/archives/15_03_2011/news1.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa, Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya da Dental na Pakistan &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Medical &amp; Dental Council &gt; PM&amp;DC Members |url=http://www.pmdc.org.pk/PMDCMembers/tabid/162/Default.aspx |access-date=2026-01-13 |archive-date=2010-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206131321/http://www.pmdc.org.pk/PMDCMembers/tabid/162/Default.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* memba na Kwamitin Gwamnoni, Jami'ar Air, Islamabad
* memba na Syndicate na Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Sarki Edward

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Khyber

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nina Fuentes</title>
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'''Nina Fuentes''', aka Nina Dotti (an haife ta a Andreina Mercedes del Carmen Fuentes Angarita, Afrilu 5, 1968, a [[Karakas|Caracas, Venezuela]] ) mai karɓar fasahar Venezuelan ce, mai kula da jama'a, mai ba da agaji, macen kasuwanci kuma dillalin fasaha da ke zaune a [[Miami|Miami, Florida]] . 

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
Iyalan Fuentes sun ƙaura zuwa [[California]] lokacin da take da kwana 30 kacal, kuma ta zauna a jihar har sai da ta kai shekara shida. Daga nan Fuentes ta koma [[Karakas|Caracas]], [[Venezuela]], inda ta kammala karatun digiri na farko daga Jami'ar Metropolitana a fannin Banki da Kuɗi a shekarar 1991. Daga nan ta karanci Shari'a, Ilimin Tarihi da Tarihin Fasaha, inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasaha a shekarar 2003 daga Jami'ar José María Vargas .

Tun tana ƙarama ta gano ikon fasaha na haɓaka manufofi a cikin tushen ƙa'idodinta. A lokacin ƙuruciyarta ta fahimci cewa duk da cewa ba za ta iya yaƙi da duk matsalolin zamantakewa da ke damun ta ba, za ta iya mai da hankali da ƙoƙarinta wajen ba da gudummawa ga waɗannan batutuwan da za su iya tasiri mai kyau.

== Mai fafutukar neman ilimi da zane ==
Ayyukan fasaha na Fuentes suna samun goyon baya daga amfani da kayayyaki daban-daban, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su wajen shigarwa, sassaka, ɗaukar hoto, da bidiyo. Ayyukanta na zamani ne, waɗanda aka rene su ta hanyar tasirin Duchampian da kuma kyawawan halaye na zamani, kuma saƙonta yana da matuƙar suka, na sirri da na sirri.

Tun farkon aikinta, Fuentes ta binciko batutuwan zamantakewa da siyasa da suka shafi addini, rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin al'umma, karuwanci, tashin hankali da wariya, musamman ga LGBT da mata. Haka kuma, ta gina kan ra'ayoyin kisan mata a matsayin wata alama ta iko da iko na uba a kan rayuwar mata, 'yanci, mutunci da kuma jima'i.

A ƙasarta, Fuentes tana amfani da hanyoyin zanga-zanga masu aiki da ban dariya da kuma barkwanci. &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Alaƙarta da Venezuela ta ƙara yin rikitarwa, yayin da take tambayar halin da take ciki a yanzu a zamantakewa da siyasa.

Fuentes ta gudanar da nune-nunen kai kaɗai da na rukuni a Faransa, &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; China, Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Jamus, Amurka (Miami, LA, da New York), Burtaniya, Switzerland, Argentina, da sauran ƙasashe da yawa a duniya.

== Fasaha &amp; Jinƙai, Nina a bayan sabon zane-zanen agaji ==
Nina Fuentes tana da sha'awar aiki na duniya baki ɗaya don tabbatar da haƙƙin ɗan adam ga waɗanda aka hana wa 'yancinsu da waɗanda aka wawa, da kuma waɗanda rashin adalci ya hana muryoyinsu. Ta hanyar fasaharta da ƙarfinta na jawo tunani, tana jan hankalin masu kallo su sake duba yanayin zamantakewa na yanzu da kuma fahimtar yadda ake samun sauƙin shiga cikin mummunan ra'ayi a duniyarmu mai cike da kafofin watsa labarai. Aikinta yawanci yana fuskantar matsaloli daga kanun labarai na duniya tun daga haƙƙin ma'aurata masu jinsi ɗaya na ɗaukar yara, zuwa hoton da ba shi da kyau na masana'antar kayan kwalliya ta hanyar ɗaukar 'ya'ya mata, zuwa tsoffin ayyukan da aka ɗora wa iyaye mata da mata. Bugu da ƙari, Fuentes babbar mai goyon baya ce kuma mai fafutukar kare [http://www.fundana.org/ haƙƙin yara marayu] na Venezuela wanda manufarta ita ce nemo iyaye masu ɗaukar yara marayu. Ga wannan muhimmin aiki, ta ba da gudummawa sosai ta hanyar lokaci da tamani don tabbatar da waɗannan yaran masu rauni wuri mai kyau a cikin al'umma a wannan lokacin da ke ƙara canzawa. Fuentes ta fara tafiyarta ta taimakon al'umma a shekarar 1996 a matsayin mai tallafawa al'adun fasahar zamani ta Venezuela ta hanyar ƙirƙirar &quot;Fundación Arte Emergente&quot; ko [http://noticias.universia.edu.ve/vida-universitaria/noticia/2005/06/01/179323/fundacion-arte-emergente-red.html FAE (Foundation of Emergente Arts)]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} don haɓaka sabbin baiwa a duk faɗin duniya.

A shekara ta 2000, Fuentes ta fara fafutukar inganta ɗaukar yara a Venezuela, inda ta ɗauki nauyin aikin &quot;El Libro de Vida&quot;, wanda ya taimaka wajen haɗa yara da iyalan da suka ɗauke su. Fiye da shekaru 10, aikin ya yi nasara ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da FUNDANA, &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fundación Pro Adopción da Fundación Mi Familia.

Bayan ta koma [[Miami]] a shekarar 2006, ta ƙirƙiri Arts Connection &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; don ci gaba da tallafawa fasaha, da kuma masu fasaha masu tasowa.

Daga [[Venezuela]] zuwa Miami zuwa [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]], Fuentes ta tallata tare da tallafawa babban rukunin gidajen tarihi, cibiyoyi, ayyukan zamantakewa, fasaha da ƙungiyoyin kiɗa na gargajiya.

== Fasaha da Jin Daɗi: Ra'ayin Nishaɗi ==
Sanannen abu ne cewa fasaha a cikin dukkan nau'ikanta tana inganta rayuwarmu kuma tana wadatar da rayukanmu. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan binciken kimiyya ya kuma tabbatar da cewa ta hanyar mai da hankali kan ra'ayoyi game da lafiya da lafiyar jikinmu da ruhinmu, waɗannan ƙoƙarin suna tsawaita farin cikinmu da rayuwarmu. Ga Nina Fuentes, haɗa waɗannan hanyoyin biyan kuɗi don biyan buƙatun kai shine yanayin halitta wanda ke haifar da aikinta na hangen nesa da kuma na gaba mai suna The Chill Concept. Fiye da kawai wurin taruwa, wuri ne na birni inda ayyukan fasaha na zamani da tunani na tunani ke haɗuwa ba tare da wata matsala ba don ɗaga hankali. Dandalin Ilimi don hulɗar al'umma ta hanyar tunani mai ƙirƙira da haɗakar lafiya, kirkire-kirkire da al'adun zamani, The Chill Concept (TCC) shine tunaninta na wani sabon nau'in gidan tarihi. Mayar da hankali kan gina al'umma tare da &quot;muhalli mai ƙarfi na ilmantarwa ta hanyar rage manyan abubuwan hana ilmantarwa: tsoro, girman kai, kariya, jin daɗi, da girman kai&quot; (Edward D. Hess, Learn to Die, Columbia University Press, 2014).

TCC wani dandali ne da ke ba da jagora mai amfani kan babban bincike kan lafiya, kirkire-kirkire da abubuwan al'adu na zamani waɗanda ke haɓaka koyo da gwaji a cikin kowane memba na al'ummarmu don canzawa, wuce gona da iri da kuma jin daɗin rayuwa.

A shekara ta 2004, Gundumomin Fasaha a Miami sun buga aikin Fuentes, ''The Chill Concept a Hardcore: A Contemporary Evolution'', suna ci gaba da bayar da gudummawarsu ga Gidan Tarihi na Kimiyya.

== Sana'a ==

=== Masanin Tarihin Kayayyaki ===
Akan Ilimi don Hulɗar Al'umma da Tunani Mai Kyau Ƙwarewar Fuentes tana wakiltar hanya ce ta haɗa kan al'umma musamman a matsayin kayan aikin ilimi. Fuentes ta yi aiki a Museo Jacobo Borges, Caracas, Vzla. Da farko a sashen ilimi.

A shekarar 1998, Fuentes ta fara aikinta cikin tawali'u a matsayin mai kula da baje kolin kayan tarihi na Museo Jacobo Borges da ke Catia, Venezuela.

Tun daga lokacin, Fuentes ta yi ayyukan al'umma da yawa a Gidan Tarihi na Kimiyya na Caracas [http://www.caracas24.net/Caracas-Museo-Ciencias.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427185054/http://www.caracas24.net/Caracas-Museo-Ciencias.htm |date=2025-04-27 }}, tana mai da hankali kan ƙoƙarin taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin zamantakewa da yawa da ke shafar al'ummarmu.

Gudunmawarta ta farko ita ce makalar &quot;Exhibición - Acción: Arte y Comunidades,&quot; wanda ya kasance haɗin gwiwa tare da masanin ilimin ɗan adam na Venezuela, Luis Galindo, a cikin 2001. An gabatar da maƙalar a Museo Jacobo Borges da Museo de Ciencias Naturales a Catia da Caracas, Venezuela.

A cikin 2004, ta kafa &quot;Asociación de Museólogos de Venezuela&quot; [http://www.rnv.gob.ve/index.php/i-jornadas-de-museologa-se-realizarn-en-museo-de-bellas-artes-de-caracas I taron masu ilimin kimiya na zamani]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} .

A halin yanzu, Fuentes ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a cikin ka'idarta. A cikin 2005, ta fara aiki tare da Luis Galindo kuma ta samo asali tare da haɗin gwiwar sanannen curator, Gerardo Zavarce. An buga aikin su a Mendoza, Argentina, &quot;Exhibición - Acción: Arte y Comunidades,&quot; a matsayin wani ɓangare na [http://archivo.losandes.com.ar/notas/2005/11/26/cultura-175452.asp &quot;Primer Foro de Arte Emergente: 'Estéticas Latinoamericanas'.&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221323/http://archivo.losandes.com.ar/notas/2005/11/26/cultura-175452.asp |date=2016-03-03 }}

A shekarar 2013, an buga Fuentes da Gerando bayan gabatar da shirin Exhibition - Action: Art and Museum a taron NODEM da aka gudanar a Stockholm, Sweden a matsayin wani ɓangare na taron da kuma Common Ground a cikin littafinsu: The Journal of the Inclusive Museum da ke New York.

Kwanan nan, kuma bayan shekaru 17+ a fannin fasaha, Fuentes ta ƙaddamar da Gidan Tarihi na Pop Up na farko (Gidan Tarihi na Ayyuka) a Miami, The Chill Concept. &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dillalin fasaha ===
Fuentes ta fara aikinta a matsayin dillalin fasaha a shekarar 2005 lokacin da ta kafa Hardcore Art Contemporary Space a Wynwood Art District da ke Miami, FL. Tun daga lokacin, ta shirya wasanni da yawa, ta wakilci masu fasaha da yawa kuma ta halarci yawancin manyan bukukuwan fasaha a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2010, ta shirya kuma ta kafa kwamitin kafa kungiyar dillalan fasaha ta Miami (MADA), inda ta shiga har zuwa shekarar 2014 a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa.

Fuentes ta kafa PSH a shekarar 2013, wanda wani kamfani ne na haɗin gwiwa don haɓaka Fasahar Zamani a duk faɗin Latin Amurka, a cikin haɗin gwiwa da dillalai daga Colombia da Bolivia, suna shiga cikin farashi bakwai a duk faɗin duniya a wannan shekarar kawai. &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A farkon watan Satumba na 2014, Fuentes ta buɗe wurin mafarkinta a hukumance, The Chill Concept, wanda kuma yake a gundumar Wynwood Art District da ke Miami, FL. &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mai tattara zane-zane ===
Fuentes ta fara aikin tattara kayan fasaha a shekarar 1996 lokacin da ta sayi kayanta na farko, na Francisco Narvaez, wanda ya zama farkon tarin kayan fasaha na zamani. Abin da ya ba ta kwarin gwiwa da manufarta na tattarawa shine don saka hannun jari da kuma bayar da gudummawar muhimman kayan fasaha na zamani ga gidajen tarihi a duk faɗin duniya. Ta raba kayan tarihi ga gidajen tarihi a duk faɗin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] da duniya, daga [[Miami]] zuwa [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] da kuma bayan haka. A shekara ta 2007, Fuentes ta shiga ƙungiyar masu tattara kayan fasaha ta Independent Collectors ta Berlin.

=== Mai Kulawa ===
Aikin farko na Fuentes a matsayin mai kula da gida shi ne a cikin baje kolin mai suna &quot;Tribute to Miss Venezuela Pageant&quot; a cikin baje kolin &quot;609060,&quot; wanda Goethe Institut na Caracas ya tsara, kuma an nuna shi a Museo Jacobo Borges, Catia (Caracas) a shekara ta 2000.

Tsawon shekaru goma, ta jagoranci shirin curatorial a Hardcore Art Contemporary Space, &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma Fuentes ta halarci bikin baje kolin fasahar zamani da dama: Art Miami, Arte Americas Miami, SCOPE Art Show New York, Miami, da Basel, Context Miami, Bridge London, Pinta Art Fair London, da New York, Art Shanghai, &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; LINK Hong Kong, &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Platform LA, FIA Caracas, &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; da sauransu. &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinta na mai kulawa, ɗayan mahimman ƙalubalen da Fuentes ya fuskanta shine aiwatar da sabuwar hanyar &quot;Exhibición - Acción: Arte y Comunidades&quot; a cikin nune-nunen ''Album de Boda'' (2005) da ''Tránsito'' (2006).

== Nunin Baje Kolin ==

* &quot;Tsarin Chill: Juyin Halittar Gidan Tarihi&quot;, Tsarin Chill, Satumba 13, 2014, Miami, FL (Mai Kulawa da Furodusoshi) &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Makomar Nan Take Da Haske, Abin Da Ya Gabata Baƙi Ne Da Fari&quot;, Blue &amp; Joy, Maris 13, 2014, The Chill Concept @ &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hardcore Art Contemporary Space, &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Miami, FL (Mai Kulawa da Mai Shiryawa)
* ABUBUWAN DA KE CIKI SHUKULLA &amp; FARIN CIKI &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Art da Toys&quot;, Chanoir, Consuelo Castaneda, Fuentes Dotti, Carlos Zerpa, Muu Banco, FLIX, Benito Laren da Blue &amp; Joy. Ayyukan PSH, Oktoba, 2013, Miami, FL. (Curator and Producer)
* &quot;Labarai Masu Ban Mamaki&quot;, David Palacios. Ayyukan PSH, Oktoba, 2013, Miami, FL (Mai Kulawa da Furodusa)
* &quot;Ajiye Memoir&quot; 10 shekaru tarihi. Consuelo Castañeda, Andres Michelena, Guerra De La Paz, Amparo Sard, Manuela Covini, Milton Becerra, Gaston Ugalde, Chanoir, Julie Frield, Gladys Triana, Mariano Vargas, Fernando Arias, da sauransu. Satumba, 2013, The Chill Concept @ Hardcore Art Contemporary Space, Miami, FL (Curator)
* &quot;Babu Ƙarfin Ji&quot; Chanoir. Maris 30, 2013, The Chill Concept @ Hardcore Art Contemporary Space, Miami, FL (Mai Kulawa da Furodusa)
* &quot;Maimaitawa&quot; Consuelo Castaneda. Nuwamba, 2012 - Afrilu, 2013, The Chill Concept @ &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hardcore Art Contemporary Space, Miami, FL.

== Kyaututtuka ==

* EUREKA UNIVERSIA 2001, Award for Social Innovation, &quot;Ley de Museos e instituciones Afines&quot;. Jami'ar Jose Maria Vargas . EUREKA -Carlos Cruz Diez, 2003. Ganewa don shirya Babban Ganawa na 1st tare da tallafi. &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* FUNDANA - 2004 An karrama jama'a a zanga-zangar Luwadi ta Luwadi a Caracas, Venezuela, saboda aiwatar da mai kula da baje kolin: &quot;ALBUM DE BODA&quot; a CELARG &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://boldjourney.com/meet-andreina-fuentes-angarita/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* SHEKARAR RANAR NINA FUENTES 2015

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muriel Rose</title>
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'''Muriel Rose''' (1897–1986) ta kasance mai tattarawa da tallata sana'o'i da zane na zamani, mai kula da kayan tarihi, mai gidan tarihi kuma marubuciya, kuma mai mahimmanci a cikin motsi na Fasaha da Sana'o'i na baya .   An bayyana ta a matsayin wacce ta &quot;ba da gudummawa mai girma ga ci gaban sana'o'in hannu&quot;  kuma a matsayin mai sulhu na abin da ya zama &quot;canon&quot; na tukwane na studio na Burtaniya. 

An haifi Rose a shekara ta 1897.   Da farko ta yi aiki tare da Dorothy Hutton a Gidan Tarihi na Three Shields da ke Kensington . &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;Brighton&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Muriel Rose and the Little Gallery |url=http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/collections/design-archives/resources/Women-Designing-1994/European-Feminist-Research-Conference/muriel-rose-and-the-little-gallery |access-date=30 June 2020 |website=University of Brighton Design Archives |publisher=University of Brighton |archive-date=12 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012144209/http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/collections/design-archives/resources/Women-Designing-1994/European-Feminist-Research-Conference/muriel-rose-and-the-little-gallery |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita da Margaret Turnbull sun fara nasu gidan tarihi, Little Gallery, a 5 Ellis Street kusa da Sloane Square a Landan a shekara ta 1928.   Sun sayar da sana'o'in hannu da aka samo daga [[Rural Industries Bureau Scheme|Tsarin Ofishin Masana'antu na Karkara]], wanda aka kafa don tallafawa al'ummomin ma'adinai a Wales da Durham.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Brighton&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;VandA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tea cosy |url=http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O94114/tea-cosy-rose-muriel |access-date=30 June 2020 |website=V&amp;A Search the Collections |publisher=Victoria and Albert Museum}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rose &quot;ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sake kafa aikin faci da dinki a Wales&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;VandA&quot; /&gt; Bayanan da ta yi game da tarurrukanta da mata daga al'ummomin ma'adinai waɗanda aikinsu ya sayar suna ba da haske game da yanayin zamantakewa na lokacin. 

Shagon ya kuma sayar da ayyukan Phyllis Barron, Dorothy Larcher, Enid Marx, Catherine Cockerell, Tirzah Garwood, [[Katherine Pleydell-Bouverie]], Norah Braden, [[Bernard Leach]], [[Shōji Hamada]] da [[Michael Cardew]] .  &lt;ref name=&quot;Brighton&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Muriel Rose and the Little Gallery |url=http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/collections/design-archives/resources/Women-Designing-1994/European-Feminist-Research-Conference/muriel-rose-and-the-little-gallery |access-date=30 June 2020 |website=University of Brighton Design Archives |publisher=University of Brighton |archive-date=12 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012144209/http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/collections/design-archives/resources/Women-Designing-1994/European-Feminist-Research-Conference/muriel-rose-and-the-little-gallery |url-status=dead }}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/collections/design-archives/resources/Women-Designing-1994/European-Feminist-Research-Conference/muriel-rose-and-the-little-gallery &quot;Muriel Rose and the Little Gallery&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012144209/http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/collections/design-archives/resources/Women-Designing-1994/European-Feminist-Research-Conference/muriel-rose-and-the-little-gallery |date=2019-10-12 }}. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Cooper&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Emmanuel |date=2007 |title=Muriel Rose: A Modern Crafts Legacy |url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5784b8d1b8a79b20f4381bc5/t/5832ed5a2e69cfe8ead3a0e0/1479732572366/Ceramic_Review_MayJune07.pdf |journal=Ceramic Review |volume=225 |access-date=30 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shi ma wani waje ne na sana'o'i daga wasu sassan duniya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Brighton&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Cooper&quot; /&gt; Shagon ya rufe a shekarar 1940.  

Bayan haka, Rose, tare da Bernard Leach, sun zaɓi sana'o'in hannu na Birtaniya da za a baje kolin su a Amurka.   Wannan ya zama Nunin Sana'o'in Zamani na Burtaniya, wanda aka fara nuna shi a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan da ke New York a 1942, sannan a kewaye Amurka da Kanada na tsawon shekaru uku masu zuwa.   &lt;ref name=&quot;Cooper&quot;/&gt; Wannan ya sa Majalisar Burtaniya ta fara tarin sana'o'inta, tare da Rose a matsayin Jami'ar Zane-zane da Zane-zanen Masana'antu ta Majalisar.   &lt;ref name=&quot;VADS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Crafts Study Centre: Muriel Rose |url=https://vads.ac.uk/large.php?uid=22099&amp;sos=0 |access-date=30 June 2020 |publisher=VADS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A 1946, ta shirya wani baje kolin sana'o'in hannu na karkara na Burtaniya wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa Ostiraliya da New Zealand.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rose tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka shirya taron ƙasa da ƙasa na masu tukwane da masu saƙa na 1952 a Dartington Hall . Littafinta mai suna The Artist Potter in England (1954) shine tarihin farko na masu tukwane na studio na Burtaniya.

Rose tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Sana'o'i kuma masu kula da ita, kuma ta bar tarin kayanta da taskar kayanta a wurin.   &lt;ref name=&quot;Cooper&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Culture24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 November 2006 |title=Muriel Rose At The Crafts Study Centre, Farnham, Surrey |url=https://www.culture24.org.uk/history-and-heritage/military-history/world-war-two/art41366 |access-date=30 June 2020 |publisher=Culture24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarun 1970, Rose ta zauna a Coggeshall da ke Essex .  Ta mutu a shekarar 1986. 

A shekarar 2020, wani baje kolin yadi a Two Temple Place ya haɗa da ayyukan da Rose ta tattara.  

== Ƙarin karatu ==

* ''[https://issuu.com/studiohyde/docs/murielrose Muriel Rose: Legacy Sana'o'in Zamani]'' (2008) ed. Jean Vacher
* ''Muriel Rose da Little Gallery'' (1989) na Kate Woodhead
* &quot;Muriel Rose - Yaƙin Jihadi na Mace Ɗaya don Sana'ar Burtaniya&quot; (2006), a cikin ''Mujallar Selvedge''
* Sashe akan Rose a cikin ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=wU-8AQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP13 Cikakken Littafin Kwando]'' (2013) na Dorothy Wright
* [https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5784b8d1b8a79b20f4381bc5/t/5832f1c2b3db2be72dde10a5/1479733700910/TheQuilterSummer2007_1.pdf &quot;Muriel Rose&quot; na Carolyn Ferguson, ''The Quilter'', bazara 2007]

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1986]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1897]]</text>
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    <title>Monica Baskin</title>
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Monica Baskin ƙwararriyar masaniyar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam 'yar Amurka ce, farfesa ce a fannin likitanci a Jami'ar Alabama da ke Birmingham . Bincikenta ya yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen lafiya a yankin Deep South . Tana aiki a matsayin Darakta a fannin wayar da kan jama'a da kuma hulɗa da jama'a a Cibiyar Cutar Kansa ta O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center.

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Baskin ta girma a Kudu maso Yammacin Atlanta . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Coulter |first=Laura |title=Profile: Monica Baskin, PhD - School of Medicine - Diversity and Inclusion {{!}} UAB |url=https://www.uab.edu/medicine/diversity/profile-monica-baskin |access-date=2020-07-11 |website=www.uab.edu |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifiyarta da mahaifinta sun fito ne daga yankunan karkara [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|na Georgia]] da [[Alabama]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; An gano mahaifinta yana da cutar ido tun tana ƙarama, kuma daga ƙarshe ya rasa idonsa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Baskin ta ce ta tuna an gaya mata cewa &quot;tana buƙatar zama 'mai kyau' sau biyu fiye da takwarorinta fararen fata domin ta yi nasara.&quot; [ &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ta yi karatun [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] da [[Kimiyar al'umma|zamantakewa]] a Jami'ar Emory . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ta koma Jami'ar Jihar Georgia don karatun digiri na biyu, inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ba da shawara kan al'umma. Ta ci gaba da zama a Jihar Georgia don binciken digirin digirgir, inda ta yi nazarin ayyukan kula da lafiyar jama'a ga matasa da aka gano suna da [[Ƙwayoyin Cutar Sikila|cutar sikila]] . Bayan ta rasa mahaifinta sakamakon cutar kansa yayin da take makarantar sakandare, Baskin ta fara sha'awar dalilin da ya sa damuwa ta jiki da ta tunani har yanzu haramun ne a cikin al'ummomin launin fata. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Kamar sauran 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa da yawa, an gano mahaifinta yana da cutar kansa ne kawai lokacin da yake [[Matakan Ciwon daji|mataki na 4]], wanda ke nufin cewa mutuwa ba makawa ce. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ta ce ta sami kwarin gwiwar yin aiki kan bambance-bambancen lafiya saboda ta fahimci cewa babu mutane da yawa da suka yi kama da ita a wannan fanni. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=NIMHD's Conversations with Pioneers in Minority Health and Health Disparities |url=https://www.nimhd.nih.gov/news-events/features/training-workforce-dev/baskin.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430093753/https://www.nimhd.nih.gov/news-events/features/training-workforce-dev/baskin.html |archive-date=April 30, 2020 |access-date= |website=NIHMD}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cibiyar Kula da Lafiyar Ƙananan Yara da Shirin Biyan Lamuni na Bambance-bambancen Lafiya ta Ƙasa ce ta dauki nauyinta, wanda ke ba wa masana kimiyya da ke nazarin bambance-bambancen lafiya damar fara aikin bincike mai zaman kansa ba tare da bashin lamunin ɗalibai ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Bayan kammala karatunta, Baskin ta koma Jami'ar Emory, inda aka ba ta tallafin karatu kan ilimin halayyar yara. A shekarar 1997 aka naɗa Baskin a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Ƙananan Yara ta Amurka . 

== Bincike da aiki ==
Baskin kwararriyar masaniyar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ce wacce ke binciken lafiyar jiki da ta kwakwalwa na 'yan tsiraru. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Changing Direction in Urban Schools |url=http://www.crsp.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/87571%20RIA.pdf |access-date= |website=University of Pittsburgh |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033824/http://www.crsp.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/87571%20RIA.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bincikenta ya yi la'akari da yadda salon rayuwa ke shafar sakamakon likita, da kuma yadda hanyoyin magance matsalolin ɗabi'a za su iya taimakawa wajen rage bambancin lafiya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monica Baskin to provide keynote address at third annual Gerry Sue and Norman J. Arnold Childhood Obesity Lecture - My Arnold School {{!}} University of South Carolina |url=https://www.sc.edu/study/colleges_schools/public_health/internal/announcements_and_events/2018/childhood_obesity_lecture.php |access-date=2020-07-11 |website=www.sc.edu }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2013, Baskin ta shirya rahoton ''&quot;PLACE MUHIMMANCI GA LAFIYA a Jefferson County, Alabama: Matsayin Daidaiton Lafiya a bikin cika shekaru 50 na Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Birmingham, Alabama&quot;.'' &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Schwaiger |first=Lisa |title=Baskin's leadership role regarding Health Equity on the 50th Anniversary of the Civil Rights Movement - Division of Preventive Medicine {{!}} UAB |url=https://www.uab.edu/medicine/dopm/baskin-s-leadership-role-regarding-health-equity-on-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-civil-rights-movement |access-date=2020-07-11 |website=www.uab.edu |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; An fitar da rahoton shekaru hamsin bayan zanga-zangar da aka yi a Birmingham lokacin da aka soke [[dokokin Jim Crow]] . Rahoton ya tattara bayanai game da tsawon rai, mace-macen jarirai da kuma samun abinci mai kyau a yankuna daban-daban a fadin gundumar, kuma ya yi nazarin yadda suka dogara da alƙaluman al'ummomin (gami da ƙabila da matsayin tattalin arziki). Ta gano cewa iyaye mata bakar fata a Jefferson County sun fi fuskantar yiwuwar mutuwa sau 2.5 a lokacin haihuwa a matsayin uwaye fararen fata, kuma cewa iyalai bakar fata a Jefferson County suna da kudin shiga na shekara-shekara na dala $22,000 ƙasa da ka'idar talauci ta tarayya . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Rahoton ya gabatar da jerin shawarwari, ciki har da bayar da kuɗaɗen shirye-shiryen ilimin yara ƙanana, aiwatar da shirye-shiryen kuɗi don samar da abinci mai kyau a unguwannin talakawa da faɗaɗa Medicaid . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Changing Direction in Urban Schools |url=http://www.crsp.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/87571%20RIA.pdf |access-date= |website=University of Pittsburgh |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033824/http://www.crsp.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/87571%20RIA.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2015, an ba Baskin tallafin Cibiyar Ciwon Daji ta Ƙasa don haɓaka dabarun hana kiba ga mata 'yan Afirka-Amurka. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-05-15 |title=Grantee Spotlight: Monica Baskin, Ph.D. - Studying Weight Loss for Cancer Prevention - National Cancer Institute |url=https://www.cancer.gov/about-nci/organization/crchd/blog/2015/baskin-spotlight |access-date=2020-07-11 |website=www.cancer.gov |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bincikenta ya nuna kusancin dangantaka tsakanin cutar kansa da kiba, kuma ya gano cewa mata 'yan Afirka-Amurka ne suka fi fuskantar haɗari. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Baskin ita ce Shugabar Jefferson County Collaborative for Health Equity, wata ƙungiya da ke neman kawar da bambance-bambancen lafiya ta hanyar manufofin jama'a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Changing Direction in Urban Schools |url=http://www.crsp.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/87571%20RIA.pdf |access-date= |website=University of Pittsburgh |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033824/http://www.crsp.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/87571%20RIA.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2020 an zaɓe ta a matsayin Shugabar Ƙungiyar Magungunan Ɗabi'a . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monica Baskin to provide keynote address at third annual Gerry Sue and Norman J. Arnold Childhood Obesity Lecture - My Arnold School {{!}} University of South Carolina |url=https://www.sc.edu/study/colleges_schools/public_health/internal/announcements_and_events/2018/childhood_obesity_lecture.php |access-date=2020-07-11 |website=www.sc.edu }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littattafai da aka zaɓa ==

* {{Cite journal |last=Baskin |first=M. L. |last2=Ard |first2=J. |last3=Franklin |first3=F. |last4=Allison |first4=D. B. |date=2005 |title=Prevalence of obesity in the United States |journal=Obesity Reviews |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=5–7 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00165.x |issn=1467-7881 |pmid=15655032 |s2cid=41526232}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Campbell |first=Marci Kramish |last2=Hudson |first2=Marlyn Allicock |last3=Resnicow |first3=Ken |last4=Blakeney |first4=Natasha |last5=Paxton |first5=Amy |last6=Baskin |first6=Monica |date=2007-03-16 |title=Church-Based Health Promotion Interventions: Evidence and Lessons Learned |journal=Annual Review of Public Health |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=213–234 |doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144016 |issn=0163-7525 |pmid=17155879 |doi-access=free}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Keith |first=S. W. |last2=Redden |first2=D. T. |last3=Katzmarzyk |first3=P. T. |last4=Boggiano |first4=M. M. |last5=Hanlon |first5=E. C. |last6=Benca |first6=R. M. |last7=Ruden |first7=D. |last8=Pietrobelli |first8=A. |last9=Barger |first9=J. L. |last10=Fontaine |first10=K. R. |last11=Wang |first11=C. |date=2006 |title=Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: exploring the roads less traveled |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/0803326 |journal=International Journal of Obesity |language=en |volume=30 |issue=11 |pages=1585–1594 |doi=10.1038/sj.ijo.0803326 |issn=1476-5497 |pmid=16801930 |s2cid=342831 |url-access=subscription |via=}}

== Lambobin yabo da girmamawa ==

* Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Masana Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka ta 1997 
* Kyautar Jaruman Lafiyar Jama'a ta Jefferson County ta 2007 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Changing Direction in Urban Schools |url=http://www.crsp.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/87571%20RIA.pdf |access-date= |website=University of Pittsburgh |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033824/http://www.crsp.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/87571%20RIA.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kyautar Jaruman Lafiyar Karkara ta Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiyar Karkara ta Jami'ar Alabama ta 2013 &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Southeastern Psychological Association |url=http://www.sepaonline.com/annualmeeting-speakers.htm#deblaere |access-date=2020-07-11 |website=www.sepaonline.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kyautar Max Cooper ta 2016 don Ingantaccen Bincike &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
* Shugaban Al'adun Lafiya na Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) na 2016 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monica Baskin to provide keynote address at third annual Gerry Sue and Norman J. Arnold Childhood Obesity Lecture - My Arnold School {{!}} University of South Carolina |url=https://www.sc.edu/study/colleges_schools/public_health/internal/announcements_and_events/2018/childhood_obesity_lecture.php |access-date=2020-07-11 |website=www.sc.edu }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2017 Abokin Hulɗa na Ƙungiyar Magungunan Halayya &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Changing Direction in Urban Schools |url=http://www.crsp.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/87571%20RIA.pdf |access-date= |website=University of Pittsburgh |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033824/http://www.crsp.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/87571%20RIA.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Baskin tana da 'ya'ya mata biyu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Coulter |first=Laura |title=Profile: Monica Baskin, PhD - School of Medicine - Diversity and Inclusion {{!}} UAB |url=https://www.uab.edu/medicine/diversity/profile-monica-baskin |access-date=2020-07-11 |website=www.uab.edu |language=en-gb}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCoulter&quot;&gt;Coulter, Laura. [https://www.uab.edu/medicine/diversity/profile-monica-baskin &quot;Profile: Monica Baskin, PhD - School of Medicine - Diversity and Inclusion | UAB&quot;]. ''www.uab.edu''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-07-11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yanta mata, Kennedy, ta yi karatun ilimin halittar kwakwalwa a Jami'ar Emory . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Changing Direction in Urban Schools |url=http://www.crsp.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/87571%20RIA.pdf |access-date= |website=University of Pittsburgh |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033824/http://www.crsp.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/87571%20RIA.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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'''Mopacho''' rawa ce ta 'yan Congo da ta fito a [[Brazzaville]] a shekarar 1990, wacce Sixte Singha, 'yar asalin Ouenzé, karamar hukuma ta 5 a birnin ta ƙirƙiro. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Martial |first=Loïcia |date=8 January 2023 |title=Le Congo-Brazzaville désigne le premier de ses danseurs de &quot;mopacho&quot; |trans-title=Congo-Brazzaville names its first &quot;mopacho&quot; dancer |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230108-le-congo-brazzaville-d%C3%A9signe-le-premier-de-ses-danseurs-de-mopacho |access-date=5 October 2025 |website=Rfi.fr/fr |publisher=[[Radio France Internationale]] |language=fr |publication-place=Paris, France}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mossipy |first=Loick Mfumu Loubassa |date=9 March 2023 |title=Musique: Créée par un Congolais, la danse mopacho fait désormais parler d'elle |trans-title=Music: Created by a Congolese artist, the mopacho dance is now making headlines |url=https://www.lhorizonafricain.com/musique-creee-par-un-congolais-la-danse-mopacho-fait-desormais-parler-delle/ |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=lhorizonafricain |language=fr-FR }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chika |first=Chimezie |date=7 December 2024 |title=What Music and Dance Trended in Francophone Africa in 2024? |url=https://afrocritik.com/music-and-dance-trends-francophone-africa-2024/ |access-date=1 November 2025 |website=[[Afrocritik]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Agence d'Information d'Afrique Centrale, ana yin mopacho &quot;da motsin jiki gaba ɗaya daga kai zuwa ƙafa. Duk da haka, yana bambanta ta hanyar motsin jiki daga sashe zuwa wani, tare da tasirin masu rawa daga matakan rawa na yankunansu&quot;. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 January 2023 |title=Mopacho |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/mopacho-144632#:~:text=La%20danse%20Mopacho%20est%20n%C3%A9e,d'autres%20comme%20les%20pr%C3%A9c%C3%A9dentes |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=Adiac-congo.com |publisher=[[Agence d'Information d'Afrique Centrale]] |language=fr |publication-place=Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rawar ta sami karbuwa sosai a farkon shekarun 2020 tsakanin matasa a ɓangarorin biyu na [[Kogin Congo]], musamman a [[Brazzaville]] da [[Kinshasa]], ta hanyar dandamalin [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|sada zumunta]] kamar [[TikTok]], inda ƙalubalen da ake fuskanta a yanar gizo suka mayar da ita al'adar matasa . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 January 2023 |title=&quot;Mopacho&quot;, une danse qui traverse les frontières |trans-title=&quot;Mopacho&quot;, a dance that crosses borders |url=https://mbote.cd/buzz/mopacho-une-danse-qui-traverse-les-frontieres/124812/ |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=Mbote |language=fr-FR |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Babban nasarar da ta samu ta bayyana a shekarar 2022 tare da waƙar DJ Afara Tsena Fukuchima mai suna &quot;Afro Mbokalisation&quot;, wadda ta jawo hankalin nahiyar Afirka &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; kuma daga baya mawaka da dama suka rungumi ta, ciki har da Fally Ipupa, DJ Kedjevara, Gaz Mawete, da Serge Beynaud, waɗanda suka haɗa ayyukanta a cikin bidiyon waƙoƙinsu . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Ouédraogo, Ousseni. &quot;Le réseau social Tik Tok et la promotion de la culture africaine: cas de la danse mopacho du Congo&quot;. ''Ntela: Revue du Centre Universitaire de Recherche sur l'Afrique (CURA)'', vol. 2, no. 5, Jan.–June 2023, pp. 169–188. [[Jami'ar Marien Ngouabi|Université Marien Ngouabi]], Brazzaville. {{ISSN|2789-3588}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani ==
Rawar Mopacho tana jan hankalin kowane ɓangare na jiki, daga kai, wuya, ƙafafu na sama da na ƙasa, jiki, kafadu, baya, kwatangwalo, da ƙashin ƙugu . Masu wasan kwaikwayo galibi suna daidaita motsinsu da salon kiɗan kayan kida na Kongo, kodayake ana amfani da waƙoƙin Ivory Coast lokaci-lokaci, kuma wannan sauƙin amfani yana ba mopacho damar daidaitawa da kusan kowace irin bugun kiɗa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; Rawar tana farawa da canza motsi na ƙafafu, ci gaba da ja da baya cikin lokaci tare da kiɗan. Yayin da salon ya yi ƙarfi, mai wasan yana ɗaga kafadu, ya ratsa hannaye a cikin tsarin &quot;X&quot;, kuma yana riƙe hannaye a buɗe yayin da yake yin juyawar kwatangwalo mai laushi da kuma rage ƙashin ƙugu a hankali. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Kai yana motsawa cikin ruwa daga gefe zuwa gefe, yana haɗa saman jiki da ƙasan jiki zuwa motsi ɗaya, mai ci gaba. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Asalin kalmar Sixte Singha ta ƙirƙira ta a matsayin salon rawa na mutum, mopacho ta samo asali ne a farkon shekarun 2020 zuwa ga nuna kerawa a birane na Kongo. A fannin harshe, kalmar ''mopacho'' tripartite ce, wadda ta ƙunshi '''''mo / pa / cho''''', wadda aka samo daga [[Lexeme|lexemes]] '''''mo''''' (ni), '''''pa''''' (mataki), da '''''cho''''' (nuna). &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; Tare, suna samar da ''mopacho'' ko ''mopashow'', ma'ana a zahiri &quot;kasancewa cikin iko da matakan mutum don yin aiki ko bayyana kansa&quot;. Kowane ɓangare yana ɗauke da takamaiman ma'ana: &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

* '''''mo''''' : Yana nufin sunan mutum da ake kira ''ni'' ko kuma na nuna ''my'', tare da wannan keɓancewa wanda ke jawo hankalin ɗan wasan da kuma alhakinsa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Ouédraogo, Ousseni. &quot;Le réseau social Tik Tok et la promotion de la culture africaine: cas de la danse mopacho du Congo&quot;. ''Ntela: Revue du Centre Universitaire de Recherche sur l'Afrique (CURA)'', vol. 2, no. 5, Jan.–June 2023, pp. 169–188. [[Jami'ar Marien Ngouabi|Université Marien Ngouabi]], Brazzaville. {{ISSN|2789-3588}}[[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2789-3588 2789-3588].&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''''pa''''' : Yana nuna ƙananan ''matakan'' baya da gaba da aka yi da ƙananan gaɓoɓi, waɗanda ke haɗuwa da sauran jiki don samar da jituwa mai kyau. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
* '''''cho''''' : Yana nufin yin wasan kwaikwayo, yin wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma ɗaukar hankalin masu kallo ta hanyar rawa, yayin da kuma yake wakiltar wasan kwaikwayo na fasaha wanda aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar nasarar daidaita dukkan sassan jiki. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Tarihi ==
 
Rawar mopacho ta samo asali ne a shekarar 1990 a Ouenzé, yanki na biyar na [[Brazzaville]], Jamhuriyar Congo, kuma Sixte Singha ne ya ƙirƙiro ta, wanda aka fi sani da wani sunansa Zgala Mboyo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 January 2023 |title=Mopacho |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/mopacho-144632#:~:text=La%20danse%20Mopacho%20est%20n%C3%A9e,d'autres%20comme%20les%20pr%C3%A9c%C3%A9dentes |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=Adiac-congo.com |publisher=[[Agence d'Information d'Afrique Centrale]] |language=fr |publication-place=Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/mopacho-144632#:~:text=La%20danse%20Mopacho%20est%20n%C3%A9e,d'autres%20comme%20les%20pr%C3%A9c%C3%A9dentes &quot;Mopacho&quot;]. ''Adiac-congo.com'' (in French). Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo: [[Agence d'Information d'Afrique Centrale]]. 10 January 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 October&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Mopacho ya sami kwarin gwiwa daga raye-rayen gargajiya na mutanen Mbochi, wata ƙabila da ke zaune a Boundji a sashen arewacin Cuvette . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; A wata hira da aka watsa a ranar 7 ga Janairu, 2023, Singha ya bayyana cewa dalilinsa na ƙirƙirar rawa mopacho shine don bayar da &quot;rawar ga mutanen da ba su san yadda ake rawa da kyau ba&quot;. Bayan lokaci, ya kafa ƙungiyar Mopacho de Mopacho Mocho, wadda ta fara yin wasa akai-akai a bukukuwa, al'adu, da bukukuwa a Brazzaville. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Zuwa shekarun 2010, mopacho ya zama abin da aka sani a cikin al'adun matasa a Ouenzé da yankunan da ke makwabtaka, inda matasa ke yin wakokinsa ga waƙoƙin Congo da Ivory Coast a cikin ''nganda'' (mashaya), gidajen rawa na dare, har ma a lokacin jana'iza . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Ya sami ɗan farfadowa kaɗan a cikin 2021, yana faɗaɗa a duk faɗin yankunan Brazzaville guda tara, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da fitowar &quot;Bokoko&quot; ta Roga Roga da Extra Musica a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2021, waƙa daga cikin waƙoƙin da suka yi fice (EP). &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Martial |first=Loïcia |date=8 January 2023 |title=Le Congo-Brazzaville désigne le premier de ses danseurs de &quot;mopacho&quot; |trans-title=Congo-Brazzaville names its first &quot;mopacho&quot; dancer |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230108-le-congo-brazzaville-d%C3%A9signe-le-premier-de-ses-danseurs-de-mopacho |access-date=5 October 2025 |website=Rfi.fr/fr |publisher=[[Radio France Internationale]] |language=fr |publication-place=Paris, France}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chika |first=Chimezie |date=7 December 2024 |title=What Music and Dance Trended in Francophone Africa in 2024? |url=https://afrocritik.com/music-and-dance-trends-francophone-africa-2024/ |access-date=1 November 2025 |website=[[Afrocritik]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Afrilun 2022, fitowar &quot;Give Freedom&quot; ta Tidiane Mario ta ci gaba da haɓɓaka mopacho, &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; kuma daga baya a wannan shekarar, a watan Disamba na 2022, waƙar DJ Afara Tsena Fukuchima mai suna &quot;Afro Mbokalisation&quot; ta ƙarfafa rawar zuwa ga ƙasashen duniya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 February 2023 |title=3 millions de vues YouTube pour &quot;Afro Mbokalisation&quot; d'Afara Tsena |trans-title=3 million YouTube views for &quot;Afro Mbokalisation&quot; by Afara Tsena |url=https://mbote.cd/buzz/3-millions-de-vues-youtube-pour-afro-mbokalisation-dafara-tsena/127150/ |access-date=25 May 2024 |website=Mbote.cd |language=fr-FR |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waƙar ta haɗa abubuwan da ke cikin ndombolo, musamman sashinta na guitar sébène, tare da coupé-décalé, wanda aka siffanta shi da piano da guitar riffs . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2023 |title=&quot;Afro Mbokalisation&quot;, cette chanson qui cartonne au Congo-Brazzaville |trans-title=&quot;Afro Mbokalisation&quot;, this song which is a hit in Congo-Brazzaville |url=https://mbote.cd/buzz/afro-mbokalisation-cette-chanson-qui-cartonne-au-congo-brazzaville/126565/ |access-date=25 May 2024 |website=Mbote.cd |language=fr-FR |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dimi |first=Cisse |date=7 September 2023 |title=Jayli Awards : Afara Tsena et Extra Musica Nouvel Horizon en lice |trans-title=Jayli Awards: Afara Tsena and Extra Musica Nouvel Horizon in the running |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/jayli-awards-afara-tsena-et-extra-musica-nouvel-horizon-en-lice-151251 |access-date=25 May 2024 |website=www.adiac-congo.com |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dimi |first=Cisse |date=10 November 2023 |title=Primud 2023 : Afara Tsena et Extra Musica Nouvel Horizon en lice |trans-title=Primud 2023: Afara Tsena and Extra Musica Nouvel Horizon in the running |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/primud-2023-afara-tsena-et-extra-musica-nouvel-horizon-en-lice-152822 |access-date=25 May 2024 |website=Adiac-congo.com |language=fr |publication-place=Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cikin wata guda, &quot;Afro Mbokalisation&quot; ta samu masu kallo sama da miliyan uku a yanar gizo kuma ta zaburar da &quot;Kalubalen Mopacho&quot; akan [[TikTok]], inda masu amfani a duk faɗin duniya suka sake ƙirƙirar rawar kuma suka nuna haɗakarta da kuma bayyana yanayinta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Ta hanyar dubban bidiyo na kan layi, rawar ta zama alamar abin da mutane da yawa suka bayyana a matsayin &quot;zane-zane a cikin motsi&quot; ( ''zane-zane a cikin motsi'' ), kuma wannan fallasa ta dijital ta haɓaka yaɗuwarta a duniya a cikin Afirka, [[Turai]], [[Amurka]], da [[Asiya]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Fitattun mawakan Afirka, ciki har da Fally Ipupa, Serge Beynaud, DJ Kedjevara, da Gaz Mawete, ba da daɗewa ba suka haɗa mopacho cikin bidiyon kiɗansu . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Fitowar ƙasa da gasa ==
Domin mayar da martani ga karuwar da take samu a duniya da kuma &quot;tabbatar da asalinta na Congo&quot;, Ma'aikatar Masana'antu ta Al'adu, Yawon Bude Ido, Fasaha da Nishaɗi ta Jamhuriyar Congo ta shirya gasar rawa ta ƙasa mai taken &quot;Kalubalen Mopacho na Ƙasa&quot;. Taron ya gudana a Brazzaville daga 28 ga Disamba 2022 zuwa 7 ga Janairu 2023, kuma ya tattaro mahalarta daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar. Ya ƙunshi dukkan sassa goma sha biyu na Jamhuriyar Congo, tare da kowane sashe na zaɓar wanda zai yi nasara a gasar da za ta wakilci shi a gasar ƙarshe ta ƙasa da aka gudanar a Brazzaville. A lokacin taron, masu fafatawa goma sha biyu sun nuna fassarar wasan kwaikwayo da kuma rawar &quot;ƙwarewar mopacho&quot; a gaban masu sauraro da kuma kwamitin alkalai masu daraja waɗanda suka ƙunshi Olivier Brumou da Sixte Singha.

A ƙarshen gasar, an ba wa manyan 'yan wasa uku kyaututtuka saboda ƙwarewa, inda Rechy Edoualiko Ngassaï, wanda aka fi sani da Ateka Molimo, ɗan shekara 22 daga Sashen Cuvette, wanda ya zo na farko, ya sami [[CFA franc ( sefar yammaci Afirka)|CFA francs]] 800,000 (kimanin € 1,200). &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; An ba Wizy Okemba na Brazzaville matsayi na biyu, wanda ya sami CFA francs 600,000 (kimanin €1,000), yayin da Lurda Mienanzambi na [[Pointe-Noire]] ya zo na uku, tare da kyautar CFA francs 500,000 (kimanin €850). &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; An raba kyautar ƙarfafawa ta musamman ta CFA francs 1,000,000 ga sauran 'yan takara tara. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Moogega Cooper</title>
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Moogega Cooper-Stricker (an haife ta a shekara ta 1985) masanin ilmin taurari ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka, kuma Jagoran Kare Duniyar Duniya don Manufar Mars 2020 kuma yana da hannu a cikin Shirin InSight . Dr. Cooper kuma yana shiga cikin shirye-shirye da jawabai don ƙarfafa matasa mata da sauran mutane daga al'ummomin da ba su da wakilci sosai su bi ayyukan kimiyya da fasaha.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Cooper a shekarar 1985 a New Jersey ga mahaifiyar wani ɗan ƙasar Koriya kuma mahaifin Ba’amurke ɗan asalin Afirka, kuma tsohon soja a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kercher |first=Sophia |date=14 May 2014 |title=Moogega Cooper: The JPL's Space Engineer |url=https://www.laweekly.com/moogega-cooper-the-jpls-space-engineer/ |website=[[LA Weekly]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sami digirin BS a fannin kimiyyar lissafi (ƙarami a fannin kimiyyar sararin samaniya, [[Earth science|duniya]], da [[Kimiyya ta sararin samaniya|yanayi]] ) daga Jami'ar Hampton a shekarar 2006, sannan ta sami digirin MS a shekarar 2008 da kuma digirin Ph.D. a shekarar 2009, duka a fannin Injiniyan Injiniya tare da mai da hankali kan kimiyyar ruwan zafi daga Kwalejin Injiniya ta Jami'ar Drexel .   Rubutun Cooper ya mayar da hankali kan hana amfani da kayan sararin samaniya na plasma, wanda hakan ya ba ta damar samun matsayi a Ƙungiyar Kare Duniya ta Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) a shekarar 2011. &lt;ref name=&quot;JPL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Moogega Stricker |url=https://planetaryprotection.jpl.nasa.gov/stricker-bio |website=Jet Propulsion Laboratory}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da wallafe-wallafen bincike daban-daban guda goma sha ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 2025 |title=&quot;og:title&quot; content=&quot;Moogega Cooper&amp;#x27;s research works {{!}} Drexel University and other places&quot; |url=https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Moogega-Cooper-22891318 |access-date=April 24, 2025 |website=ResearchGate}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cooper ita ce Shugabar Kare Duniya ta Manufar Mars 2020 kuma ita ce Mai Kula da Rukunin Ƙungiyar don ƙungiyar fasahar kere-kere da kare duniya ta InSight Mission . Kariyar duniyoyi ita ce aikin kare jikin tsarin hasken rana daga gurɓatawa ta hanyar rayuwar Duniya da kuma kare Duniya daga yiwuwar halittun da za a iya dawo da su daga wasu sassan tsarin hasken rana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mars 2020 and the Importance of Planetary Protection – Dr. Moogega Stricker |url=https://events.fnal.gov/arts-lecture-series/events/event/mars-2020-dr-moogega-cooper/ |website=Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NASA Planetary Protection Program |url=https://sma.nasa.gov/sma-disciplines/planetary-protection |website=NASA Office of Safety and Mission Assurance}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2019, Cooper ya rubuta wani bincike tare da masana kimiyya Ganesh Babu Malli Mohan da Kasthuri Venkateswaran, inda ya binciki gurɓatar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ɗakunan tsaftace sararin samaniya na NASA ta amfani da na'urar hangen nesa da dabarun kwayoyin halitta don tantance barbashin halittu da suka dace da kariyar duniyoyi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malli Mohan |first=Ganesh Babu |last2=Stricker |first2=Moogega Cooper |last3=Venkateswaran |first3=Kasthuri |date=2019-10-03 |title=Microscopic Characterization of Biological and Inert Particles Associated with Spacecraft Assembly Cleanroom |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-50782-0 |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=14251 |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-50782-0 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=6776515 |pmid=31582832}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wahayi da manufofi ==
A cikin jawabinta a zauren garin Yakima a watan Oktoban 2022, Cooper ta danganta sha'awarta ta neman sararin samaniya da jerin shirye-shiryen Carl Sagan na shekarun 1980 na &quot;Cosmos&quot;, wanda ya haɗa da littafi da shirin talabijin . &lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Herald-Republic |first=TAMMY AYER Yakima |date=2022-10-20 |title=Moogega Cooper, who was part of 2020 Mars mission, speaks at Yakima Town Hall |url=https://www.yakimaherald.com/news/local/moogega-cooper-who-was-part-of-2020-mars-mission-speaks-at-yakima-town-hall/article_ddbd241c-4982-11ed-aceb-17d32f1a9021.html |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Yakima Herald-Republic |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jewett |first=Daniel |date=2021-06-24 |title=NASA Scientist Moogega Cooper Is Protecting Planets |url=https://marinlivingmagazine.com/nasa-scientist-moogega-cooper-is-protecting-planets/ |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Marin Living Magazine |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita babbar mai fafutuka ce ta ƙara wakilcin mata da ƙananan al'ummomi a fannonin STEM . &lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Cooper ta bayyana a bainar jama'a ƙaunarta ga yin aiki da yara ta hanyar shirye-shiryen ɗaliban K-12 daban-daban. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-02-08 |title=NASA/JPL's Moogega Stricker on the Mars 2020 mission and girls in STEM |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/nasajpls-moogega-stricker-on-the-mars-2020-mission-and-girls-in-stem |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=SYFY Official Site |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarorin da aka samu ==

* Samfurin Dawowar Mars: ya yi aiki tare da Jami'ar Drexel don haɓaka wani mai fafatawa a fasahar tacewa ta plasma wanda zai tsaftace kwantenar da aka dawo da ita &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=mars.nasa.gov |title=Moogega Cooper - Planetary Protection Lead {{!}} People Profile |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/people/profile/index.cfm?id=23121 |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=mars.nasa.gov |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Manufar Maris 2020: Tabbatar da Kariyar Taurari don aikin &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Gwajin Fasaha na Jirgin Sama na Mars: Mai alhakin dabarun rage ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma ɗaukar samfurin Jirgin Sama na Helikwafta a duk lokacin haɗuwa da haɗin kai don tabbatar da cewa Jirgin Sama bai yaɗa gurɓatattun abubuwa daga Duniya ba &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* InSight: An tabbatar da cewa an cika buƙatun Kariyar Taurari na na'urar &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Dakin gwaje-gwaje na Kimiyyar Mars: Yana da alhakin ɗaukar samfurin jirgin sama don cika buƙatun Kariyar Taurari da kuma gwaje-gwajen da aka gwada a kan gadajen gwaji waɗanda ke kwaikwayon yanayi daban-daban &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Bayyanar talabijin da kafofin watsa labarai ==
Cooper ta kasance cikin mahalarta a kakar wasa ta farko ta ''King of the Nerds'', wacce aka watsa a TBS a shekarar 2013, inda ta kare a matsayi na 5. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 March 2013 |title=Interview with Moogega Cooper |url=http://www.halfkorean.com/?page_id=8947 |website=HalfKorean.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cooper ta kasance mai tattaunawa a cikin &quot;The Original Martian Invasion&quot;, wani shiri na 2017 na shirin talabijin ''Bill Nye Saves the World'' . Ta kuma fito a cikin shirye-shirye 33 na ''How the Universe Works'' daga 2015 zuwa 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Moogega Cooper |url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm5478074/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma gabatar da jawabi na TEDxMarin mai taken &quot;Yadda Ake Neman Rayuwa a Mars Yayin da Ake Kare Duniya.&quot; 

== Littattafai da aka zaɓa ==

* Bhartia, R., Beegle, LW, DeFlores, L., Abbey, WJ, Hollis, JR, Uckert, K., Monacelli, B., Edgett, KS, Kennedy, MR, Sylvia, M., Aldrich, D., Anderson, MS, Asher, SA, Bailey, ZJ, Boyd, K., Burton, AS, Caffrey, M., Calaway, MJ, Calvet, RJ, … Zan, JA (2021). Muhalli Masu Duba Rayuwa Tare da Binciken Raman da Haske don Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC). ''Sharhin Kimiyyar Sararin Samaniya'', ''217'' (58). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-021-00812-z&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Cooper, M. (2004). Tabbatar da ma'aunin zafin jiki na SABER ta amfani da kayan aikin ƙasa. ''IGARSS 2004. 2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium'', ''6'', 4099–4101 vol.6. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2004.1370033&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Cooper, M., Fridman, G., Staack, D., Gutsol, A. ., Vasilets, V. ., Anandan, S., Cho, Y. ., Fridman, A., &amp; Tsapin, A. (2009). Rufe Fuskokin Daga Halittu Masu Tsauri Ta Amfani da Plasma Marasa Matsi a Yanayi. ''IEEE Mu'amala akan Kimiyyar Plasma'', ''37'' (6), 866–871. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2008.2010618&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Cooper, M. La Duc, MT, Probst, A., Vaishampayan, P., Stam, C., Benardini, JN, Piceno, YM, Andersen, GL, &amp; Venkateswaran, K. (2011). Kwatanta Hanyoyin Halittar Kwayoyin Halitta da Gwaje-gwajen Spore na Daidaitacce don Kimanta Tsabtace Fuskar. ''Ilimin Halittu Masu Amfani da Muhalli'', ''77'' (15), 5438–5444. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00192-11&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Kalghatgi, SU, Fridman, G., Cooper, M., Nagaraj, G., Peddinghaus, M., Balasubramanian, M., Vasilets, VN, Gutsol, AF, Fridman, A., &amp; Friedman, G. (2007). Tsarin Hadin Jini ta hanyar Matsi Mai Saukewa daga Matsi Mai Saukewa daga Yanayi mara zafi. ''IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science'', ''35'' (5), 1559–1566. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2007.905953&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Kwan, K., Cooper, M., La Duc, MT, Vaishampayan, P., Stam, C., Benardini, JN, Scalzi, G., Moissl-Eichinger, C., &amp; Venkateswaran, K. (2011). Kimanta Hanyoyin Tarawa, Sarrafawa, da Binciken Kwayoyin Halitta daga Ƙananan Halittu. ''Ilimin Halittu Masu Amfani da Muhalli'', ''77'' (9), 2943–2953. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02978-10&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Nagaraj, Balasubramanian, M., Kalghatgi, S., Wu, AS, Brooks, AD, Fridman, G., Cooper, M., Vasilets, VN, Gutsol, A., Fridman, A., &amp; Friedman, G. (2007). Tsarin Haɗa Jini ta hanyar Matsi mara zafi na Yanayi na Dielectric Barrier Fitar da Jini. ''Jini'', ''110'' (11), 3162–3162. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V110.11.3162.3162&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Robinson, Rakhmanov, R., Cooper-Stricker, M., &amp; Dobrynin, D. (2019). Jet ɗin Plasma na Microsecond Spark mai matsin lamba a ƙarƙashin yanayi don kawar da gurɓataccen yanayi. ''IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science'', ''47'' (10), 4677–4682. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2019.2936996&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Shallcross, GS, Hoey, WA, Anderson, JR, Soares, C., &amp; Cooper, M. (2024). Mannewa da kuma cire ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta daga ƙasa. ''Mujallar Kimiyyar Aerosol'', ''176'', 106294-. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2023.106294&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Kyaututtuka ==

* Masu hangen nesa na Watan Tarihin Baƙar fata na KTLA (2021) &lt;ref name=&quot;jpl-profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=planetaryprotection.jpl.nasa.gov |title=Moogega Cooper, Ph.D. |url=https://planetaryprotection.jpl.nasa.gov/cooper-bio |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=planetaryprotection.jpl.nasa.gov |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tushen Baƙar fata 100 Mafi Tasiri a Amurka (2020) &lt;ref name=&quot;jpl-profile&quot; /&gt;
* Kyautar Ƙungiyar JPL &quot;Domin samun nasarar tallafi da aiwatar da ayyukan Injiniyan Tsarin Aikin Mars 2020 kafin ƙaddamar da shi.&quot; Agusta 2020. &lt;ref name=&quot;jpl-profile&quot; /&gt;
* Kyautar Bruce Murray. &quot;Saboda ƙoƙarin da aka yi na misali da kirkire-kirkire wajen zaburar da mata da yara na gaba a STEM tare da mai da hankali musamman kan al'ummomin da ba su da isasshen kulawa&quot; (2019) &lt;ref name=&quot;jpl-profile&quot; /&gt;
* Lambar Nasarar Jama'a ta NASA a Farkon Aiki (2018) &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;
* Kyautar Charles Elachi don Nasarar Aiki Mai Kyau a Farko (2018) &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Kyautar Jami'ar Drexel ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 40 (2015) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=The 2015 Forty under Forty |url=https://drexelmagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/PDF/drexel-magazine-issue-10.pdf |journal=Drexel Magazine |volume=25 |issue=1 |page=36}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kyautar Nasarar Rukunin NASA, &quot;Saboda kyakkyawan aiki a cikin tsauraran kimantawa da kuma hanzarta haɗa dabarun haɓakawa don fasahar Kariyar Taurari ta Mars.&quot; Oktoba 2012. &lt;ref name=&quot;JPL&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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    <title>Molly Brodak</title>
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'''Molly Brodak''' (Maris 29, 1980 - Maris 8, 2020) mawaƙiya ce 'yar Amurka, marubuciya, kuma mai yin burodi. Ita ce mawallafin tarin waƙoƙin ''A Little Middle of the Night'' ( Jami'ar Iowa Press, 2010) da kuma tarihin ''Bandit'' ( Grove Press, 2016).  ''Jaridar Atlanta Journal-Constitution'' ta bayyana ''Bandit'' a matsayin: &quot;littafi game da labarai da hali, na yadda abubuwan da suka faru da ayyuka ke siffanta mu, yadda uba ya zama mutum ɗaya, yadda 'ya mace ta girma ta zama wani.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Wyatt |title=Molly Brodak grew up in the shadow of her bank-robber dad |url=http://specials.myajc.com/molly-brodak |access-date=2019-04-05 |website=specials.myajc.com |language=english |archive-date=2019-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324121957/http://specials.myajc.com/molly-brodak/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Jaridar New York Times'' ta kira ''Bandit'' &quot;littafi mai kyau, kuma tare da kyakkyawan dalili,&quot;  yayin da Kirkus ya kira shi: &quot;littafi mai hankali, mai tayar da hankali, kuma mai gaskiya sosai.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bandit by Molly Brodak |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/molly-brodak/bandit-memoir/ |website=Kirkus Reviews |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
A cikin wani shiri a shirin NPR ''mai suna All Things Considered'', Brodak ta bayyana tsarin ɗabi'a na batun ''Bandit'', wanda ya yi cikakken bayani game da abin da ya faru a matsayinta na 'yar wani mai fashi da makami da yawa a Detroit, Michigan: &quot;Kowace iyali tana da duhu da nauyi da mutane ba za su so su yi magana a kai ba. Kuma lokacin da ka zaɓi zama mutumin da zai bayyana sirrin iyali, wani lokacin ana iya ɗaukarka a matsayin mai cin amana. ''&quot;'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brodak |first=Molly |date=9 October 2016 |title=Growing Up As A Bank Robber's Daughter In 'Bandit' |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/10/09/497058029/growing-up-as-a-bank-robbers-daughter-in-bandit |access-date=2019-09-30 |website=NPR.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani ɓangare daga ''Bandit'' ya bayyana a cikin ''Mafi Kyawun Karatu na Amurka na Ba a Bukata ba 2016.'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-11-21 |title='The Best American Nonrequired Reading 2016' Takes a Different Approach, This Year |url=https://www.popmatters.com/the-best-american-nonrequired-reading-2016-edited-by-rachel-kushner-2495408465.html |access-date=2019-04-05 |website=PopMatters |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2018, ta sami tallafin karatu na NEA don rubuta wakoki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-10-25 |title=Molly Brodak |url=https://www.arts.gov/nea-literature-fellowships/molly-brodak |access-date=2019-04-05 |website=NEA |language=en |archive-date=2019-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906143007/https://www.arts.gov/nea-literature-fellowships/molly-brodak |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Waƙoƙin Brodak sun bayyana sosai, ciki har da a cikin ''Granta'', ''Poetry'', ''Fence'', ''Map Literary'', ''NY Tyrant'', ''Diode'', ''New Orleans Review'', ''Ninth Letter'', ''Colorado Review'', ''Bateau'', da ''Hayden's Ferry Review.'' Waƙarta ''Yesu'' ta zaburar da waƙar ''I WHO BEND THE TALL Cases'' ta Lingua Ignota . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lingua Ignota – I WHO BEND THE TALL GRASSES Lyrics {{!}} Genius Lyrics |url=https://genius.com/Lingua-ignota-i-who-bend-the-tall-grasses-lyrics}} &lt;/ref&gt;

Tarin waƙoƙinta, ''The Cipher'', ya lashe kyautar Pleiades Press Editors Prize ta 2019, kuma an buga shi a shekarar 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pleiades Press &amp;#124; the Cipher |url=http://pleiadespress.org/books/the-cipher/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Brodak ita ce kuma ta kafa Kookie House, wani shafin yanar gizo na yin burodi game da kukis da kek na musamman. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wells |first=Myrydd |date=2017-12-13 |title=A fondant swan cake helped land Atlanta's Molly Brodak on the Great American Baking Show |url=https://www.atlantamagazine.com/dining-news/fondant-swan-cake-helped-land-atlantas-molly-brodak-great-american-baking-show/ |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=Atlanta Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2017, ta fito a matsayin wacce ta yi nasara a gasar ''Great American Baking Show'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Molly Brodak {{!}} {showname} |url=https://abc.com/shows/the-great-american-baking-show/cast/molly-brodak |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=ABC |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mutuwa ==
Brodak ta mutu a ranar 8 ga Maris, 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ms. Molly Brodak's Obituary |url=https://www.articobits.com/obituaries/grissomclark-funeral-home/ms-molly-brodak-obituary |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=www.articobits.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar ''[[New York Times|jaridar The New York Times]]'', mijinta, Blake Butler, ya bayyana musabbabin mutuwar a matsayin kashe kanta da bindiga. Ta sha fama da damuwa tun tana karama. 

A shekarar 2023, Butler ya buga wani tarihin rayuwarsa, mai suna Molly, wanda ya yi cikakken bayani game da dangantakarsa da Brodak har zuwa rasuwarta.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]]
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    <title>Nonna Bannister</title>
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'''Nonna Bannister''' ( ''née'' '''Lisowskaja''' ; 22 Satumba 1927 - 15 Agusta 2004)  marubuciya ce 'yar Rasha-Amurka kuma wacce ta tsira daga kisan kiyashi .&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13158589/|title=Pain and Secrets: A Timeline|date=29 March 2009|work=The Jackson Sun|access-date=17 August 2017|via=Newspapers.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An fi saninta da tarihin rayuwarta, ''The Secret Holocaust Diaries: The Untold Story of Nonna Bannister'' (2009, Tyndale House :  ), tarin rubuce-rubucen tarihin rayuwarta da tarihin rayuwarta da ta rubuta kafin, lokacin, da kuma bayan lokacinta a sansanin aikin yi na Jamus a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kuma ta ɓoye a cikin matashin kai.  &lt;ref&gt;✓name=&quot;denil&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Denil|first1=Janet N.|title=The Secret Holocaust Diaries: The Untold Story of Nonna Bannister|url=http://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/secret-holocaust-diaries-untold-story-nonna-bannister|access-date=12 August 2017|work=New York Journal of Books|archive-date=13 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813060534/http://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/secret-holocaust-diaries-untold-story-nonna-bannister|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;worldcat&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Catalogue record for &quot;The secret holocaust diaries&quot;|publisher=Worldcat| oclc=244065273 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
Mahaifin Bannister ɗan [[Poland|ƙasar Poland]] ne, mahaifiyarta kuma [[Rasha|'yar Rasha ce]], kuma ta girma a cikin addinin Orthodox na Rasha .  Iyalinta masu arziki sun rasa komai lokacin da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya ɓarke.  A shekarar 1942, Bannister da mahaifiyarta, Anna, ba su da zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don haka suka tafi aiki da son rai a Jamus. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Duk da haka, tayin aikin ya kai su sansanin kurkuku maimakon masana'anta.  A shekarar 1943, Bannister da mahaifiyarta suna aiki a wani asibiti suna kula da fursunonin yaƙi .  Ta iya yin harsuna shida don haka lokacin da ta fara ajiye bayanan abubuwan da ta fuskanta a sansanin, ta rubuta su da harsuna daban-daban don kada ' yan Nazi su gano su.  Ta ɓoye bayanan a cikin matashin kai wanda ta riƙe a jikinta a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rochman |first=Hazel |date=2009 |title=The Secret Holocaust Diaries: The Untold Story of Nonna Bannister |url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;db=lfh&amp;AN=36898130&amp;site=ehost-live |journal=Booklist |volume=105 |issue=13 |pages=21 |url-access=subscription |via=EBSCOhost}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya aka kai mahaifiyarta sansanin azabtarwa inda Bannister ta yi zaton ta mutu bayan shekaru biyu.   Bannister ita ce kaɗai daga cikin 'yan uwa 35 da suka tsira.  Mahaifiyarta ta tsira daga sansanin, amma matan biyu ba su sake ganin juna ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Lokacin da aka ceto Bannister daga sansanin, lafiyarta ta tabarbare kuma ta yi ɗan lokaci a wani asibiti [[Cocin katolika|na Katolika]] na Jamus. 

== Amurka ==
Bannister ta haɗu da mijinta na gaba, Henry Bannister, a shekarar 1950 a Jami'ar Tulane .  Sun yi aure a shekarar 1951.  Ma'auratan sun ƙaura daga [[Louisiana]] zuwa [[Houston|Houston, Texas]] a shekarar 1971, sannan bayan wasu shekaru suka koma [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]] a shekarar 1978.  A duk lokacin da Henry ya ga cewa ƙaura yana da wahala ga matarsa. 

Bannister ba ta son ta raba tarihin rayuwarta da Henry ba, amma a shekarun 1980, Henry ya shawo kanta ta tsara wa 'ya'yanta tarihin iyali.  Wannan ya sa Bannister ta raba sirrin bayanan rayuwarta a baya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Lokacin da ta gabatar wa Henry bayanan, ta ce, &quot;Ina so ka sadu da iyalina.&quot;  Henry ya yi ƙoƙarin a buga tarihin rayuwarta a shekarun 1990, amma ba a karɓi littafin ba.  Yayin da lafiyarta ta ragu, ta nemi Henry kada ya buga komai har sai bayan ta mutu, don kada ta sake tunawa da abubuwan da suka faru.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

== Gado ==
Bannister ta mutu a Jackson, Tennessee a ranar 15 ga Agusta 2004, tana da shekaru 76. Bayan ta mutu, Henry ya fara rubuta labarinta a matsayin tarihin rayuwa. Ya nemi wata maƙwabciya, Carolyn Tomlin, a shekarar 2007 ta taimaka masa da rubutun.

Rubutun ya kai ga buga wani littafi game da rayuwar Bannister da gogewarsa mai suna ''The Secret Holocaust Diaries: The Untold Story of Nonna Bannister'' (2009). &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Littafin ya kai ga mijin Bannister da 'ya'yansa sun haɗu da dangin da suka tsira a [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] .  Ɗanta, John, ya ci gaba da ba da labarinta game da Holocaust. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1927]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muhammad al-Abdari al-Hihi</title>
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'''Abu Abdallah Mohammed ibn Mohammed ibn Ali ibn Ahmed ibn Masoud ibn Hajj al-Abdari al-Hihi''' (Arabic) (fl. ca. 1289) marubucin tafiye-tafiye ne na Maghrebi. An haife shi ne a cikin Haha, kabilar Berber da ta zauna a kudancin Morocco ta yanzu. Shi ne marubucin The Maghrebi Journey (''Al-Rihlah al-magribiyyah''), wani labarin tafiyarsa zuwa Makka a cikin 1289, wanda ake kira ''Rihlat al-Abdari'' (Al-Abdari's Journey). Ma'aikatar Ilimi ce ta buga shi (ed. Muhammad al-Fasi, Rabat, 1968). )

Sashe na ''al-Rihla al-Maghreibiyya'' da ke kwatanta wurare a Falasdinu Ibn Juzayy ne ya kwafe shi a cikin 1354-1355 lokacin da yake rubuta labarin tafiye-tafiyen [[Ibn Battuta]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Elad |first=Amikam |year=1987 |title=The description of the travels of Ibn Baṭūṭṭa in Palestine: is it original? |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=119 |pages=256–272 |doi=10.1017/S0035869X00140651}}&lt;/ref&gt; al-Abdari kuma babban Qadi ne (alƙali) na [[Marrakesh]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=دعوة الحق - ابن الحاج العبدري والرحالة العبدري |url=http://habous.gov.ma/daouat-alhaq/item/8316 |access-date=4 May 2014 |publisher=Habous.gov }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

(Bai kamata a rikita shi da Mohammed ibn Hajj al-Abdari al-Fasi ko Mohammed Ibn Mohammed ibn Mohammed Abu Abdallah Ibn al-Hajj al-abdari al-Qayrawani al-Fashi al-Tilamsi, (kimanin 1258 - 1336), marubucin Madkhal Ash-Shara Ash-Shareef Ala-Mathahib, ko kuma &quot;Gabatarwa ga Shari'ar Musulunci Bisa ga Makarantu na Tunan&quot;. ) 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 

* Abdari, Muhammad ibn Muhammad. Rihlat al-'Abdari / ta'lif Abi 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Sa'ud al-'Abdur; haqqaqaha wa-qaddama la-ha 'Ali Ibrahim Kurdi; qaddama la-Ha Shakir al-Fahham. al-Tab'ah, Damascus: Dar Sa'd al-Din, 1999.  (Maganar MA ta edita)  

== Ƙarin karantawa ==
* {{Cite journal |last=Cherbonneau |first=M. |year=1854 |title=Notice et extraits du voyage d'El-Abdery |url=https://archive.org/stream/journalasiatiqu71fragoog#page/n148/mode/2up |journal=Journal Asiatique |series=5th series |language=fr |volume=4 |pages=144–176}}

== Haɗin waje ==
* Don tarihin rayuwa duba [https://web.archive.org/web/20091027100858/http://geocities.com/mutmainaa/people/muhammad_al_hajj.html] (an dawo da shi Satumba 11, 2008) NB. Wannan shafin ya yi kuskuren ɗauka cewa marubutan biyu iri ɗaya ne.
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  <page>
    <title>Candace Cameron Bure</title>
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'''Candace Helaine Cameron Bure''' ('''Cameron''') an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1976) &lt;ref name=&quot;TCM-Candace-Cameron-Bure&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Candace Cameron Bure - Turner Classic Movies |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/27531%7C0/Candace-Cameron-Bure |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202190658/https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/27531%7C0/Candace-Cameron-Bure |archive-date=December 2, 2020 |access-date=January 10, 2022 |publisher=Turner Classic Movies}}&lt;/ref&gt; 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka, marubuciya kuma tsohuwar mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen tattaunawa wacce aka fi sani da DJ Tanner a cikin ''Full House'' da ''Fuller House'', Summer van Horne a cikin ''Make It or Break It'', da kuma fina-finai da yawa na asali na Hallmark Channel - gami da halin taken a cikin daidaitawarsu na jerin littattafan Aurora Teagarden .

A shekarar 2014, ta shiga gasar ƙarshe a kakar wasa ta 18 ta ''Dancing with the Stars'', inda ta kare a matsayi na uku. Bure ta kuma yi ƙananan rawar da ta taka a matsayin Cindy Nelson a cikin ''Some Kind of Wonderful'', Carrie Krytsick a cikin ''Punchline'', kuma ta yi rawar da ta taka a cikin ''FREDI'' . Daga 2015 zuwa 2016, ta kasance tare da mai gabatar da shirin tattaunawa na talabijin na rana ''The View'' . A shekarar 2022, Bure ta zama babbar jami'ar bayanai ta Great American Media .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Candace Cameron a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1976, a birnin Panorama, [[California]] . Iyayenta su ne Barbara (née Bausmith), mai kula da gida kuma manaja a farkon ayyukan 'ya'yanta na wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma Robert Cameron. Mista Cameron ya yi ritaya daga makarantar koyarwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2007-10-18 |title=Candace Cameron has 'Full House' of her own |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/candace-cameron-has-full-house-her-own-wbna21361249 |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=TODAY.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Schacht |first=Darlene |date=2008-11-29 |title=Interview with Author, Barbara Cameron |url=http://christianwomenonline.net/2008/11/28/interview-with-author-heather-cameron/comment-page-1/ |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=Christian Women Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da 'yan'uwa uku: tsohuwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai wa'azi Kirk, Bridgette, da Melissa. &lt;ref name=&quot;TCM-Candace-Cameron-Bure&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Candace Cameron Bure - Turner Classic Movies |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/27531%7C0/Candace-Cameron-Bure |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202190658/https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/27531%7C0/Candace-Cameron-Bure |archive-date=December 2, 2020 |access-date=January 10, 2022 |publisher=Turner Classic Movies}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20201202190658/https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/27531%7C0/Candace-Cameron-Bure &quot;Candace Cameron Bure - Turner Classic Movies&quot;]. Turner Classic Movies. Archived from [https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/27531%7C0/Candace-Cameron-Bure the original] on December 2, 2020&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 10,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Sana'a ==
Cameron ya fito a matsayin bako a cikin fina-finai kamar ''St. A wani wuri'', ''Growing Pains'', da ''Who's the Boss?.'' A shekarar 1985, ta fito a matsayin Jennifer Bates a cikin wani shiri na sitcom ''Punky Brewster'' . A shekarar 1987, ta taka rawa a matsayin ƙaramar 'yar'uwar Eric Stoltz a cikin barkwancin matasa mai suna ''Some Kind of Wonderful'' .

Haka kuma a shekarar 1987, tana da shekaru 11, Cameron ta fara rawar da ta fi taka rawa a cikin shirin sitcom ''mai suna Full House'', a matsayin Donna Jo &quot;DJ&quot; Tanner, babbar 'yar Danny Tanner na [[Bob Saget]] . An yi mata fim a tsawon shekaru takwas na shirin har zuwa karshensa a shekarar 1995.

A lokacin da take cikin ''Full House'', Cameron ya kuma fito a cikin wani fim mai suna ''Camp Cucamonga'', wani barkwanci mai ban dariya. Ta fito a matsayin bako a cikin fim ɗin da ya gaza nasarar ''Real Mature'', da kuma wani shiri na ''Bill Nye the Science Guy'' a matsayin &quot;Candace the Science Gal&quot;. Ta kuma fito a cikin fim ɗin Tom Hanks da [[Sally Field]] mai suna ''Punchline'' .

Cameron ya karbi bakuncin kyautar Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards a shekarar 1990 tare da abokin wasan ''Full House'' , Dave Coulier da David Faustino, sannan kuma a shekarar 1994 tare da Joey Lawrence da Marc Weiner .

=== Bayan ''Cikakkiyar Gida'' ===
[[Fayil:Candace_Cameron_Bure_2009.jpg|right|thumb|Bure a Susan G. Komen don Maganin Cure a shekarar 2009]]
Bayan kammala ''Full House'' a shekarar 1995, Bure ta fito a shirin ''Cybill'' da ''Boy Meets World'' .

Bure ya kuma fito a fina-finai da dama da aka yi a [[NBC]] don talabijin, ciki har da ''No One Would Tell'', inda ya taka rawar matashiya da aka ci zarafinta ; ''She Cried No'', a lokacin da take saurayi da aka yi wa fyade; da kuma ''NightScream'', wani abin mamaki.

Bayan haihuwa, Bure ta dakatar da kanta daga talabijin da fina-finai don mayar da hankali kan iyalinta. A shekarun 2000, ta fito a matsayin mai yin hira a shirin ''I Love the 1980s'' and ''I Love the 1980s Strikes Back'' . Daga baya ta kasance tare da shirin ''50 Cutest Child Stars: All Grown Up'' a cikin E!, tare da shahararren fim ɗin Keshia Knight Pulliam na ''The Cosby Show'' .

A shekarar 2007, Bure ta fito a matsayin bako a shirin talabijin mai ''suna That's So Raven'' . A shekarar da ta biyo baya, ta yi tare da Randy Travis a cikin ''shirin The Wager'' sannan ta fito tare da Tom Arnold a cikin shirin talabijin ''mai suna Moonlight da Mistletoe'' a cikin shirin Hallmark Channel a shekarar 2008. Bure ta dawo fagen talabijin a shekarar 2009 kuma aka saka ta a cikin ''shirin Make It or Break It'',  wanda ya ƙare a shekarar 2012. 

A ranar 4 ga Maris, 2014, an sanar da cewa Bure za ta fafata a kakar wasa ta 18 ta ''Dancing with the Stars'', tare da haɗin gwiwa da Mark Ballas . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2014 |title=Full Dancing With the Stars Cast Revealed! |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/517094/dancing-with-the-stars-cast-revealed-cody-simpson-nene-leakes-and-james-maslow-are-among-the-names-see-the-full-list |access-date=December 25, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'auratan sun kai ga wasan ƙarshe kuma sun ƙare a matsayi na uku a bayan Meryl Davis da Amy Purdy waɗanda suka zo na farko da na biyu, bi da bi.
[[Fayil:CandiceCameronBureMovieguideAwards_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Bure a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Movieguide Awards a shekarar 2015]]
An sanar a shekarar 2015 cewa Bure za ta sake gabatar da matsayinta na DJ Tanner a cikin shirin fim na ''Fuller House'' na Netflix na 2016, wanda yanzu DJ Tanner-Fuller ke jagoranta. An fara daukar fim a watan Yulin 2015. Bure ta kasance mai masaukin baki a shirin ''The View'' na kakar wasa ta 19 da 20.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;The View&quot; Returns for a Historic Season 20 on Tuesday, September 6 |url=http://abc.go.com/shows/the-view/news/view-news/the-view-returns-for-an-historic-season-20-on-tuesday-september-6 |access-date=August 3, 2016 |website=ABC}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Maris na 2016, an dauki ''Fuller House'' a matsayin kakar wasa ta biyu.  A ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2016, Bure ta sanar da cewa za ta bar ''The View'' saboda rikicin sadaukarwa tsakanin ayyukan ''Fuller House'' da Hallmark Channel da kuma rayuwar iyali.  A watan Janairun 2019, an sabunta ''Fuller House'' a kakar wasa ta biyar kuma ta karshe da za a watsa daga baya a wannan shekarar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=January 31, 2019 |title='Fuller House' Renewed For Fifth &amp; Final Season By Netflix |url=https://deadline.com/2019/01/fuller-house-end-renewed-fifth-final-season-netflix-1202546263/ |website=Deadline}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jerin shirye-shiryen sun kammala a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramos |first=Dino-Ray |date=April 28, 2020 |title='Fuller House' Sets Premiere Date For Final Episodes |url=https://deadline.com/2020/04/fuller-house-premiere-date-season-5-final-episodes-1202918313/ |access-date=April 28, 2020 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yulin 2023, jarumar ''Fuller House'' Miss Benny ta zargi Bure a kaikaice da yunkurin cire halin Benny daga rubutun shirin saboda yanayin halinta na rashin kunya . Bayan fuskantar suka ta yanar gizo, Bure ta musanta ikirarin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nolfi |first=Joey |title=Candace Cameron Bure refutes Miss Benny's claim that she tried to remove queer character from Fuller House |url=https://ew.com/tv/candace-cameron-bure-denies-miss-benny-claim-remove-queer-character-fuller-house/ |access-date=July 7, 2023 |website=ew.com |publisher=Entertainment Weekly}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2025, Bure ta fafata a kakar wasa ta goma sha uku ta The Masked Singer a matsayin &quot;Cherry Blossom&quot;. Yayin da aka fitar da ita daga gasar &quot;Group C Premie: Carnival Night&quot;, Bure ta bayyana cewa ta yi hakan ne don tunawa da Bob Saget inda ta gane shi a matsayin &quot;Squiggly Monster&quot; a kakar wasa ta hudu . 

=== Aikin Hallmark Channel ===
Bure ta fito a fina-finai sama da ashirin da biyu na Hallmark Channel, ciki har da 2017 ''Switched for Christmas,'' da kuma matsayinta na jaruma Aurora Teagarden a cikin jerin fina-finai na ''Aurora Teagarden'' mai fina-finai goma sha takwas don Hallmark Movies &amp;amp;amp; Mysteries . Bure ta kuma shirya kuma ta dauki nauyin ''bikin Kirsimeti na musamman na Hallmark Channel a Amurka'' . Ta kuma taka rawa a ''bikin Kirsimeti'' na musamman na 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Candace Cameron Bure to Produce New Special on Hallmark Channel |url=http://blog.feelingthevibe.com/news/candace-cameron-bure-to-produce-new-special-on-hallmark-channel/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731062232/http://blog.feelingthevibe.com/news/candace-cameron-bure-to-produce-new-special-on-hallmark-channel/ |archive-date=July 31, 2018 |access-date=July 31, 2018 |website=Feeling the Vibe Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bure ta yi aiki a matsayin mai masaukin baki na bikin Movieguide Awards na shekara-shekara na 26 ga cibiyar sadarwar a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 2019, tare da 'yarta Natasha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 23, 2019 |title=Candace Cameron Bure and Daughter Natasha to Host Movieguide Awards on Hallmark Channel (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/candace-cameron-bure-daughter-natasha-host-movieguide-awards-1178421 |access-date=January 27, 2019 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manyan Kafafen Yada Labarai na Amurka ===
A watan Afrilun 2022, an sanar da cewa Bure zai ɗauki babban aiki a GAC Media - wani kamfani wanda tsohon shugaban Hallmark Channel Bill Abbott ke jagoranta - don haɓaka, shiryawa, da kuma tauraro a cikin fina-finan barkwanci na soyayya da na hutu na asali da shirye-shiryen hutu don GAC Family (wanda yanzu shine Great American Family ) da GAC Living . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Schwartz |first=Ryan |date=April 19, 2022 |title=Hallmark Vet Candace Cameron Bure Makes Move to GAC Family, to Develop 'Family and Faith-Filled Programming' |url=https://tvline.com/2022/04/19/candace-cameron-bure-leaving-hallmark-channel-gac-family-christmas-movies/ |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=TVLine}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bure ya zama babban jami'in abun ciki na kamfanin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tinoco |first=Armando |date=2022-11-15 |title=Candace Cameron Bure Talks Hallmark Exit &amp; Reveals Great American Family &quot;Will Keep Traditional Marriage At Core&quot; And Not Feature Gay Couples |url=https://deadline.com/2022/11/candace-cameron-bure-hallmark-exit-reveals-great-american-family-keep-traditional-marriage-core-not-feature-gay-couples-1235172492/ |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gamerman |first=Ellen |date=2022-11-14 |title=Candace Cameron Bure Wants to Put Christianity Back in Christmas Movies |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/candace-cameron-bure-great-american-family-11668205295 |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A wata hira da ta yi da ''mujallar The Wall Street Journal'' a watan Nuwamban 2022, Bure ta bayyana cewa ta bar Hallmark ne saboda &quot;tsarin sadarwa daban da lokacin da na fara&quot;, kuma tana son &quot;bayar da labarai masu ma'ana da manufa da zurfi a bayansu&quot; - gami da waɗanda ke da jigogi masu ƙarfi na addini (kodayake ba sa &quot;nuna wa kafiri ko wanda ke da wani addini daban&quot;). Bure ta bayyana cewa Great American Media &quot;tana son haɓaka shirye-shiryen addini da nishaɗin iyali mai kyau&quot;, kuma ta ce, &quot;Ina tsammanin Babban Iyalin Amurka zai ci gaba da riƙe auren gargajiya a cikin zuciyarta.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tinoco |first=Armando |date=2022-11-15 |title=Candace Cameron Bure Talks Hallmark Exit &amp; Reveals Great American Family &quot;Will Keep Traditional Marriage At Core&quot; And Not Feature Gay Couples |url=https://deadline.com/2022/11/candace-cameron-bure-hallmark-exit-reveals-great-american-family-keep-traditional-marriage-core-not-feature-gay-couples-1235172492/ |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFTinoco2022&quot;&gt;Tinoco, Armando (November 15, 2022). [https://deadline.com/2022/11/candace-cameron-bure-hallmark-exit-reveals-great-american-family-keep-traditional-marriage-core-not-feature-gay-couples-1235172492/ &quot;Candace Cameron Bure Talks Hallmark Exit &amp; Reveals Great American Family &quot;Will Keep Traditional Marriage At Core&quot; And Not Feature Gay Couples&quot;]. ''Deadline''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;November 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gamerman |first=Ellen |date=2022-11-14 |title=Candace Cameron Bure Wants to Put Christianity Back in Christmas Movies |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/candace-cameron-bure-great-american-family-11668205295 |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFGamerman2022&quot;&gt;Gamerman, Ellen (November 14, 2022). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/candace-cameron-bure-great-american-family-11668205295 &quot;Candace Cameron Bure Wants to Put Christianity Back in Christmas Movies&quot;]. ''The Wall Street Journal''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;November 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An yi imanin cewa kalaman Bure na nuni ne ga wani yanayi na ci gaba zuwa ga jigogi masu tasowa, gami da amincewa da al'ummar LGBT, a cikin shirye-shiryen Hallmark Channel. Abbott ya bar Hallmark Channel a farkon 2020, jim kaɗan bayan ya fuskanci suka kan yin tallan Zola.com na ɗan lokaci wanda ke nuna [[Aure na jinsi ɗaya|ma'aurata 'yan madigo]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tinoco |first=Armando |date=2022-11-15 |title=Candace Cameron Bure Talks Hallmark Exit &amp; Reveals Great American Family &quot;Will Keep Traditional Marriage At Core&quot; And Not Feature Gay Couples |url=https://deadline.com/2022/11/candace-cameron-bure-hallmark-exit-reveals-great-american-family-keep-traditional-marriage-core-not-feature-gay-couples-1235172492/ |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFTinoco2022&quot;&gt;Tinoco, Armando (November 15, 2022). [https://deadline.com/2022/11/candace-cameron-bure-hallmark-exit-reveals-great-american-family-keep-traditional-marriage-core-not-feature-gay-couples-1235172492/ &quot;Candace Cameron Bure Talks Hallmark Exit &amp; Reveals Great American Family &quot;Will Keep Traditional Marriage At Core&quot; And Not Feature Gay Couples&quot;]. ''Deadline''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;November 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gamerman |first=Ellen |date=2022-11-14 |title=Candace Cameron Bure Wants to Put Christianity Back in Christmas Movies |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/candace-cameron-bure-great-american-family-11668205295 |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFGamerman2022&quot;&gt;Gamerman, Ellen (November 14, 2022). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/candace-cameron-bure-great-american-family-11668205295 &quot;Candace Cameron Bure Wants to Put Christianity Back in Christmas Movies&quot;]. ''The Wall Street Journal''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;November 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Dangane da suka kan maganganun da wasu shahararrun mutane kamar Hilarie Burton da [[JoJo Siwa]] suka yi game da auren &quot;na gargajiya&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wratten |first=Marcus |date=2022-11-17 |title=Candace Cameron Bure shares utterly bizarre defence of 'homophobic' comments |url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2022/11/17/candace-cameron-bure-homophobic-comments-christmas/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=[[PinkNews]] |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bure ya bayyana cewa mutanen da ke da &quot;sunaye&quot; daban-daban suna aiki a shirye-shiryen Great American Media, kuma &quot;dukkanku da kuka san ni, kun san cewa ina da ƙauna da ƙauna ga dukkan mutane.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=France |first=Lisa Respers |date=2022-11-16 |title=Candace Cameron Bure criticized by JoJo Siwa and others over 'traditional marriage' comment |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/16/entertainment/candace-cameron-bure-jojo-siwa/index.html |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Longeretta |first=Emily |date=2022-11-16 |title=Candace Cameron Bure Addresses Stance on Gay Christmas Movies, Blames 'Toxic Climate' for Controversy: 'I'm Called to Love All People, and I Do' |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/candace-cameron-responds-backlash-anti-gay-remarks-gaf-1235434724/ |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Game da ra'ayin Bure cewa shirye-shiryen Great American Media ba za su taɓa nuna ma'aurata masu jinsi ɗaya ba, Abbott ya shaida wa ''Wall Street Journal'' cewa, &quot;Tabbas shekarar 2022 ce, don haka mun san abubuwan da ke faruwa. Babu wani allo da ke cewa, 'Ee, wannan' ko 'A'a, ba za mu taɓa zuwa nan ba.'&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

=== Littattafai ===
Cameron Bure ya rubuta littattafai guda huɗu: Littafin New York Times mafi sayarwa, Sake fasalin Duk: Motivation for Physical and Spirituality Fitness ( ), an buga a watan Janairun 2011;  Daidaita Duka: Labarina na Juggling Priority da Manufa ( ), an buga shi a watan Janairun 2014; Rawar Rayuwa: Matakan Jarumtaka da Yanke Shawara ( ), an buga shi a watan Agusta 2015;  da Kind Is the New Classy: The Power of Living Graciously ( ), an buga a watan Afrilun 2018.

A wata hira da aka yi da ita a watan Satumba na 2015, Bure ta bayyana cewa ''Dancing Through Life'' ta bayyana batutuwa na kashin kanta fiye da littattafanta biyu na farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pajer |first=Nicole |date=September 18, 2015 |title=Candace Cameron Bure on Faith &amp; Her New Gig on 'The View' |url=https://www.yahoo.com/style/candace-cameron-bure-on-the-betsey-johnson-she-129350123978.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin wata hira da ta yi da ita a watan Afrilu na 2018, Bure ta bayyana cewa ''Kind Is the New Classy'' ta gabatar da ra'ayin kasancewa mai da hankali da kuma yin alheri ga wasu. 

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
[[Fayil:Candace_Cameron_and_Valeri_Bure_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Bure da mijinta Valeri Bure a shekarar 2010]]
Bure ta auri ɗan wasan hockey na NHL na Rasha Valeri &quot;Val&quot; Bure a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 1996.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Biography &amp;#124; About &amp;#124; Candace Cameron Bure &amp;#124; The Official Site |url=http://www.candacecameronbure.net/about/biography.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313223455/http://www.candacecameronbure.net/about/biography.php |archive-date=March 13, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2017 |website=CandaceCameronBure.net |publisher=Candace Cameron Bure}}&lt;/ref&gt; An gabatar da su a wani wasan hockey na agaji daga abokin wasanta ''na Full House,'' Dave Coulier a ranar 18 ga Agusta, 1994. &lt;ref name=&quot;people2000&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Orfanides |first=Effie |date=2024-09-07 |title=Candace Cameron Bure Shares Update on Family Move |url=https://entertainmentnow.com/hallmark/candace-cameron-bure-texas/ |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=EntertainmentNow |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suna da 'ya'ya uku. &lt;ref name=&quot;people2000&quot; /&gt; Ta danganta imaninta na Kirista a matsayin ƙarfin da ke ɗaure aurenta.  Ita da mijinta suna zaune a California. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Orfanides |first=Effie |date=2024-09-07 |title=Candace Cameron Bure Shares Update on Family Move |url=https://entertainmentnow.com/hallmark/candace-cameron-bure-texas/ |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=EntertainmentNow |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bure mai goyon bayan Compassion International ne, wata kungiyar agaji ta Kirista, kuma an ruwaito cewa ya dauki nauyin yara uku ta hanyar shirye-shiryen agaji na kungiyar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Candace Cameron Bure |url=https://www.compassion.com/sponsor_a_child/?referer=111016 |access-date=February 29, 2020 |website=Sponsor a child |publisher=Compassion}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bure 'yar [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|jam'iyyar Republican]] ce [[Conservatism|mai ra'ayin mazan jiya]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sieczkowski |first=Cavan |date=January 18, 2016 |title=Candace Cameron Bure Discusses How She'd Handle A Gay Plot Line On 'Fuller House' |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/candance-cameron-bure-discusses-how-shed-handle-a-gay-plot-line-on-fuller-house_us_569d3929e4b0778f46fa5395 |access-date=December 25, 2016 |website=[[The Huffington Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2016 |title=Candace Cameron Bure: 'I am disappointed in my party' |url=https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/candace-cameron-bure-i-am-disappointed-in-my-party/ |access-date=December 25, 2016 |website=Fox News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta zama Kirista tana da shekaru 12. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Testimony |url=http://candacecameronbure.net/ministry/testimony.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031817/http://candacecameronbure.net/ministry/testimony.php |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |access-date=November 25, 2017 |website=Ministry |publisher=Candace Cameron Bure |id=The Official Site}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bure ta ce tana adawa da zubar da ciki . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Russell |first=Erica |date=2023-11-10 |title=Celebrities Who Are Pro-Choice vs. Celebrities Who Are Pro-Life |url=https://popcrush.com/celebrities-pro-choice-vs-pro-life/ |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=PopCrush |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Otterson |first=Joe |date=2016-02-23 |title='The View': Whoopi Goldberg and Candace Cameron Bure Debate Abortion (Video) |url=https://www.thewrap.com/the-view-whoopi-goldberg-candace-cameron-bure-debate-abortion-video/ |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=TheWrap |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]], ta yi ta suka ga umarnin allurar riga-kafi amma ta bayyana cewa ba ta hana allurar riga-kafi ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=VanDyke |first=Nicole |last2=Reporter |first2=C. P. |date=2021-10-20 |title=Candace Cameron Bure: I am 'pro-medical freedom' but not against COVID vaccines |url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/candace-cameron-is-pro-medical-freedom-but-not-against-vaccines.html |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=www.christianpost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-10-08 |title=Candace Cameron Bure Says She's &quot;Standing Up for Freedom&quot; In Response to COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1305364/candace-cameron-bure-says-shes-standing-up-for-freedom-in-response-to-covid-19-vaccine-mandates |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=E! Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2013, ta bayyana cewa tana fama da cutar bulimia nervosa a farkon shekarunta na ashirin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Loinaz |first=Alexis L. |date=December 14, 2013 |title=Candace Cameron Bure Opens Up About Bulimia Battle: 'I Turned to Food for Comfort' |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20766541,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214194700/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20766541,00.html |archive-date=December 14, 2013 |access-date=January 8, 2014 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fim ɗin fim ==

=== Fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Shekara
! Lakabi
! Matsayin
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Bayanan kula
|-
| 1987
| ''Wani Irin Abin Al'ajabi''
| Cindy Nelson
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | An san shi da Candace Cameron
|-
| 1988
| ''Punchline''
| Carrie
|-
| 1995
| ''Mashin Dodanni''
| Maryamu
|-
| 1996
| ''Babu Wanda Zai Iya Cewa''
| Stacy Collins
|
|-
| 2001
| ''{{Sortname|The|Krew}}''
| Babban Karls
|
|-
| 2007
| ''{{Sortname|The|Wager|The Wager (2007 film)}}''
| Cassandra
|
|-
| 2015
| ''Imani na Ubanninmu''
| Cynthia
|
|-
| 2018
| ''FREDI''
| Fredi (murya)
| 
|-
| 2024
| ''Jarumin da ba a rera ba''
| Kay Albright
|
|}

=== Talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Year
!Title
!Role
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Notes
|-
|1982–1984
|''St. Elsewhere''
|Megan White
|Recurring role, 5 episodes
|-
|1983
|''Alice''
|Child waiting in line for Santa
|Episode: &quot;Tis the Season to Be Jealous&quot;
|-
|1984
|''T. J. Hooker''
|Tina
|Episode: &quot;The Confession&quot;
|-
|1985
|''Punky Brewster''
|Julie Whitney / Jennifer Bates
|Episode: &quot;Milk Does a Body Good&quot;
|-
|1986, 1987
|''The Disney Sunday Movie''
|Julie / Samantha
|Episodes: &quot;Little Spies&quot;, &quot;Bigfoot&quot;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1987
|''Who's the Boss?''
|Young Mona
|Episode: &quot;Mona&quot;
|-
|''Growing Pains''
|Jennifer &quot;Jenny&quot; Foster
|Episode: &quot;The Long Goodbye&quot;
|-
|1987–1995
|''Full House''
|D.J. Tanner
|Main role
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1988
|''I Saw What You Did''
|Julia Fielding
|Television film
|-
|''Growing Pains''
|Jenny Foster
|Episode: &quot;Fool for Love&quot;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1990
|''The All New Mickey Mouse Club''
|D.J. Tanner
|Episode: &quot;Guest Day&quot;
|-
|''Camp Cucamonga''
|Amber Lewis
|Television film
|-
|1991
|''Nickelodeon Gets Real Mature''
|Herself
|Television pilot
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1995
|''Sharon's Secret''
|Sharon Hartley
|Television film
|-
|''Visitors of the Night''
|Katie English
|Television film
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |1996
|''Cybill''
|Hannah
|Episode: &quot;When You're Hot, You're Hot&quot;
|-
|''No One Would Tell''
|Stacy Collins
|Television film
|-
|''Kidz in the Wood''
|Donna
|Television film
|-
|''She Cried No''
|Melissa Connell
|Television film
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1997
|''NightScream''
|Drew Summers / Laura Fairgate
|Television film
|-
|''Boy Meets World''
|Millie
|Episode: &quot;The Witches of Pennbrook&quot;
|-
|2001
|''Twice in a Lifetime''
|Rose Hathaway
|Episode: &quot;Moonshine Over Harlem&quot;
|-
|2007
|''That's So Raven''
|Courtney Dearborn
|Episode: &quot;Teacher's Pet&quot;
|-
|2008
|''Moonlight and Mistletoe''
|Holly
|Television film
|-
|2009–2012
|''Make It or Break It''
|Summer Van Horne
|Main role
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2011
|''Truth Be Told''
|Annie Morgan
|Television film
|-
|''Can't Get Arrested''
|Candace
|Episode: &quot;House of Pain&quot;
|-
|''{{Sortname|The|Heart of Christmas}}''
|Megan Walsh
|Television film
|-
|2012
|''Puppy Love''
|Megan
|Television film
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2013
|''Finding Normal''
|Dr. Elizabeth &quot;Lisa&quot; Leland
|Television film
|-
|''Let It Snow''
|Stephanie Beck
|Television film
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2014
|''Christmas Under Wraps''
|Dr. Lauren Brunell
|Television film
|-
|''The Neighbors''
|Bella Bure
 |Episode: &quot;There Goes the Neighbors' Hood&quot;
|-
|''Dancing with the Stars''
|Herself
|Contestant; finalist in season 18
|-
|2015–2022
|''Aurora Teagarden Mysteries''
|Aurora Teagarden
|Main role; 18 films
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|''Just the Way You Are''
|Jennie Wreitz
|Television film
|-
|''A Christmas Detour''
|Paige Summerlind
|Television film
|-
|2015–2016
|''The View''
|Herself
|Co-host
|-
|2016
|''Journey Back to Christmas''
|Hanna Norris
|Television film
|-
|2016–2020
|''Fuller House''
|D.J. Tanner-Fuller
|Main role; also director (3 episodes)
|-
|2017
|''Switched for Christmas''
|Kate/Chris
|Television film
|-
|2018
|''A Shoe Addict's Christmas''
|Noelle Carpenter
|Television film
|-
|2019
|''Christmas Town''
|Lauren Gabriel
|Television film
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2020
|''Nickelodeon's Unfiltered''
|Herself
|Episode: &quot;Zombies Eat Unicorns!&quot;
|-
|''If I Only Had Christmas''
|Darcy
|Television film
|-
|2021
|''The Christmas Contest''
|Lara
|Television film
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
|''A Christmas... Present''
|Maggie Larson
|Television film&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Boyle |first=Kelli |date=September 20, 2022 |title='A Christmas…Present': Marc Blucas to Co-Star in Candace Cameron Bure's First GAF Holiday Movie |url=https://www.tvinsider.com/1061577/a-christmas-present-marc-blucas-candace-cameron-bure-great-american-family/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=[[TV Insider]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Christmas on Candy Cane Lane''
| {{N/a}}
|Producer; Television film&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Martin |date=September 15, 2022 |title='Full House' Reunion as Andrea Barber Joins Candace Cameron Bure Holiday Movie |url=https://www.tvinsider.com/1060786/full-house-andrea-barber-candace-cameron-bure-movie/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=[[TV Insider]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Reindeer in Here''
|Pinky (voice)
|Television special&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Milligan |first=Mercedes |date=November 3, 2022 |title='Reindeer in Here' Announces Sledful of Stars for Voice Cast |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2022/11/reindeer-in-here-announces-sledful-of-stars-for-voice-cast/ |access-date=November 3, 2022 |website=[[Animation Magazine]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2023
|''My Christmas Hero''
|Nicole Ramsey
|Television film
|-
|2024
|''Just in Time''
| {{N/a}}
|Producer; television film
|-
|2024
|''The Ainsley McGregor Mysteries: A Case for the Wine Maker''
|Ainsley McGregor
|Television film
|-
|2024
|''A Christmas Less Traveled''
|Desi
|Television film
|-
|2024
|''Home Sweet Christmas''
|Sophie Marlow
|Television film
|-
|2025
|''The Ainsley McGregor Mysteries: A Case for the Yarn Maker''
|Ainsley McGregor
|Television film
|-
|2025
|''The Masked Singer''
|Herself/Cherry Blossom
|Season 13 contestant
|}

=== Bidiyon kiɗa ===

* &quot; Farin Ciki &quot; (2018) ta For King &amp;amp;amp; Country, a matsayin Mai Gabatar da Labarai

== Lambobin yabo da nadin mukamai ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Association
!Category
!Nominated work
!Result
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1988
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Young Artist Awards
|Outstanding Young Actors/Actresses Ensemble in Television or Motion Picture
|''Little Spies'' (shared with cast)
| {{Nom}}
|-
|Best Young Actress Guest Starring in a Television Comedy Series
|''Growing Pains''&lt;br /&gt;(for episode &quot;The Long Goodbye&quot;)
| {{Nom}}
|-
|1989
|Young Artist Awards
|Best Young Actress&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot; id=&quot;mwA58&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;— Starring in a Television Comedy Series
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |''Full House''
| {{Nom}}
|-
|1990
|Young Artist Awards
|Best Young Actress Starring in a Television Series
| {{Nom}}
|-
|1991
|Young Artist Awards
|Best Young Actress Starring in a Television Series
| {{Nom}}
|-
|1992
|Young Artist Awards
|Best Young Actress Starring in a Television Series
| {{Nom}}
|-
|1993
|Young Artist Awards
|Best Young Actress Starring in a Television Series
| {{Nom}}
|-
|1994
|Kids' Choice Awards
|Favorite Television Actress
| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2016
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot; |Daytime Emmy Awards
|Outstanding Entertainment Talk Show Host&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|(shared with [[Joy Behar]], [[Michelle Collins (comedian)|Michelle Collins]], [[Paula Faris]], [[Whoopi Goldberg]], [[Rosie Perez]], [[Raven-Symoné]], and [[Nicolle Wallace]])}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2016 |title='Young &amp; Restless' Leads Daytime Emmy Noms But Ceremony Won't Be on TV |url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/daytime-emmy-nominations-young-and-the-restless-tv-pop-1201738398 |access-date=March 24, 2017 |website=Variety}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|''The View''
| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Teen Choice Awards
|Choice TV Actress Comedy
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Fuller House''
| {{Won}}
|-
|Choice TV: Chemistry (with Jodie Sweetin &amp; Andrea Barber)
|{{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|Daytime Emmy Awards
|Outstanding Entertainment Talk Show Host&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|(shared with Joy Behar, [[Jedediah Bila]], Paula Faris, Whoopi Goldberg, [[Sara Haines]], [[Sunny Hostin]], and Raven-Symoné)}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Greg |date=March 22, 2017 |title=2017 Daytime Emmy Nominations: CBS Leads Networks With 70 Noms, 'Young &amp; Restless' Tops With 25 |url=https://deadline.com/2017/03/daytime-emmy-award-nominations-general-hospital-days-of-our-lives-1202048743/ |access-date=March 24, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|''The View''
| {{Nom}}
|-
|Teen Choice Awards
|Choice TV Actress Comedy
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwA_Y&quot;&gt;Fuller House&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{Won}}
|-
|2018
|Kids' Choice Awards
|Favorite TV Actress
| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|Kids' Choice Awards
|Favorite Female TV Star
| {{Nom}}
|-
|Teen Choice Awards
|Choice Comedy TV Actress
| {{Nom}}
|-
|2020
|Kids' Choice Awards
|Favorite Female TV Star
| {{Nom}}
|-
|2021
|Kids' Choice Awards
|Favorite Female TV Star
| {{Nom}}
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Neil McBride (mai waka)</title>
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      <text bytes="7113" sha1="n1l25hc3kyq7o7k70t0unsr8u3dgena" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:N_McBride_1900.jpg|alt=Niall Mac Giolla Bhríde|thumb|342x342px|Neil McBride (Niall Mac Giolla Bhríde) a gidansa a cikin 1900.]]
'''Neil McBride''' (Irish: Niall Mac Giolla Bhrighde; 1861–1942) was a farmer, poet, author, and songwriter from Feymore, Creeslough, Donegal, Ireland, who further gained notoriety for protesting a fine he received for having his name written in [[Harshen Irish|Irish]] on his business cart.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Doe R.C. Graveyard, Creeslough, Part 2, County Donegal, Ireland [Free Irish Genealogy] |url=https://www.igp-web.com/IGPArchives/ire/donegal/photos/tombstones/1doe-rc/doe-rc-2.htm |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=www.igp-web.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manomi da mawaki ==
Neil McBride ya shafe dukan rayuwarsa a cikin ƙaramin ƙauyen Feymore, Creeslough, Ya zauna a Crockatee (Cruckathee), ƙasan Dutsen Muckish kuma ya sami rayuwarsa a matsayin cottier (''manomi'') da mawaƙi. Neil ya wallafa wani littafi na waƙoƙi a cikin 1905 mai suna ''Blaia Fraoiċ'' ('Fure-fure na fata').  Waƙoƙin McBride da waƙoƙin sun zama sanannun a duk faɗin Ireland. Wasu lakabi sun hada da: &quot;The Hills of Donegal&quot;,  &quot;Noreen Bawn&quot; (1910), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hills of Donegal 2 |url=http://www.countysongs.ie/song/hills-of-donegal-2 |access-date=14 April 2016 |website=www.countysongs.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;The Castle of Doe&quot;, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 May 2015 |title=Why Donegal - Noreen Bawn |url=https://www.facebook.com/WhyDonegal/photos/a.359845674216221.1073741828.358197231047732/362997323901056/ |access-date=14 April 2016 |website=www.facebook.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Marble Hill&quot; da kuma &quot;''Mo Chró Beag ag Bun Chnoc a' Tighe''&quot; (&quot;My wee shack below Crockatee&quot;) &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harkin |first=Seamus |date=9 September 2011 |title=Padraig Pearse, the cart and an old song book |url=https://giveitsomesparkle.wordpress.com/2011/09/09/padraig-pearse-the-cart-and-an-old-song-book/ |access-date=14 April 2016 |website=www.sparkle.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 February 2014 |title=Maolmurra – A Ballad of Doe Castle |url=http://www.wildatlanticcamp.ie/tragic-romance-doe-castle/ |access-date=14 April 2016 |website=www.wildatlanticcamp.ie |archive-date=1 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601151007/http://www.wildatlanticcamp.ie/tragic-romance-doe-castle/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tattaunawar tarihi da doka ==
McBride manomi ne ta hanyar kasuwanci kuma ana buƙatar dukkan kekunan kasuwanci don nuna sunan mai shi a Turanci. A yammacin 11 ga Maris 1905, yana dawowa gida daga Dunfanaghy Fair, a wani gari da ke kusa, wani [[Jami'an Ƴan Sanda|'Bobby']] na Ingilishi ya dakatar da McBride kuma ya yi masa tambayoyi wanda ya ci shi shilling daya saboda yana da 'marasa iya karantawa' (Irish) rubutu a kan karusar jaki. Alamar ta karanta, &quot;N. MAC GIOLLA a cikin Irish. Abokin McBride kuma ɗan'uwansa mawaki ne ya yi shi, Andrew Mac Intyre . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-03-06 |title=Andrew MacIntyre II 1877-1959 |url=https://lovemacintyre.com/andrew-macintyre-1877-1959/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=lovemacintyre.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; McBride ya ki biyan tarar kuma ya kare kansa a Dunfanaghy Petty Session . Ya rasa, kuma an hukunta shi da ƙarin shilling bayan ya ƙi biyan kuɗi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Phelan |first=Mary |date=September 2022 |title=A trifling matter? Names in Irish on carts: the Dublin Castle files |url=http://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/10.3828/sh.2022.5 |journal=Studia Hibernica |language=en |issue=48 |pages=103–127 |doi=10.3828/sh.2022.5 |issn=0081-6477 |s2cid=252489053 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Padraig Pearse in legal garb, copper printing plate. at Whyte's Auctions {{!}} Whyte's - Irish Art &amp; Collectibles |url=http://www.whytes.ie/art/padraig-pearse-in-legal-garb-copper-printing-plate/167447/?SearchString=&amp;LotNumSearch=&amp;GuidePrice=&amp;OrderBy=&amp;ArtistID=&amp;ArrangeBy=list&amp;NumPerPage=15&amp;offset=134 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=Whyte's}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Conradh a Gaeilge]] (&quot;Gaelic League&quot;) ya koyi labarin McBride kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya taimake shi. Ɗaya daga cikin membobinta, [[Barrister|lauya]] [[Patrick Pearse]], ganin damar da za ta yi wa 'yancin kai na Irish, ya amince da kare McBride, [[pro bono]]. An gabatar da karar McBride a gaban [[Court of King's Bench (England)|Kotun Bench na Sarki]] a Dublin. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da Pearse ya bayyana a kotu a matsayin lauya. An rasa shari'ar, amma ta yi wa Pearse wahayi zuwa gare shi a kokarinsa a matsayin mai fafutukar siyasa kuma ya haifar da kamfen na kasa don canza manufofin gwamnatin Burtaniya game da [[Harshen Irish]].&lt;ref name=&quot;An Trucailín Donn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 January 2016 |title=An Trucailín Donn |url=http://northernirelandscreen.co.uk/news/6086/an-trucailn-donn-tuesday-12th-january-930pm-tg4.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404023014/http://northernirelandscreen.co.uk/news/6086/an-trucailn-donn-tuesday-12th-january-930pm-tg4.aspx |archive-date=4 April 2016 |access-date=14 April 2016 |website=www.northernirelandscreen.co.uk |publisher=Northern Ireland Screen}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pearse ya rubuta game da shawarar kotun a cikin shafi na 27 Yuni 1905 a cikin jaridar Gaelic League, ''[[An Claidheamh Soluis|Wani Claidheamh Soluis]]'': &quot;...an yanke shawarar cewa Irish yare ne na waje a matakin ɗaya tare da Yiddish. &quot; Ci gaba a cikin labarin, ya bukaci mutanen Ireland da su inganta harshen Irish a matsayin wani nau'i na kishin ƙasa na Irish. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=McGill |first=P.J. |year=1966 |title=Pearse Defends Niall Mac Giolla Bhríde in Court of King's Bench, Dublin |journal=Donegal Annual |volume=1966 |pages=83–85 |via=(from 27 June 1905 article written by Patrick Pearse)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyauta ==
[[Fayil:Neil_McBride_-_Patrick_Pearse_Plaque.jpg|alt=Plaque at Dunfanaghy Market Square|thumb|306x306px|Rubutun dutse da aka zana a Dunfanaghy Market Square don girmama '''Neil McBride''' da '''Patrick Pearse''', wanda aka rubuta a cikin Irish da Ingilishi.  (Hoto na Pearse Doherty) ''Hoton da Pearse Doherty ya yi) '']]

=== Littattafai ===

* Masanin tarihi kuma marubucin Creeslough, Seamus Harkin ya nuna waƙoƙin McBride da waƙoƙinsa a cikin littafinsa na 1996, 'Poets and People of Doe' 
* McBride ya wallafa tarin waƙoƙinsa da waƙoƙin sa a cikin 1905 a cikin wani littafi mai suna 'Bla Xia Fraoiċ' ('Blossom na Heather&quot;) Waƙoƙi a cikin Irish da Ingilishi ta Niall Mac Giolla Bhrighde.
* A cikin shekara ta 2011, Seamus Harkin ya sabunta kuma ya sake buga 'Blaá Fraoiċ', ya kara karin waƙoƙi biyu, waɗanda McBride ya rubuta bayan an buga littafin na asali. A lokacin da aka bayyana littafin Seamus ya ce, &quot;Dalilin da na buga wannan littafin shine ya bar mutane, musamman matasa, su san babban arzikin da muke da shi a cikin Ikklisiya. ”&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;
* Liam Ó Connacháin ya rubuta wani labari game da Neil a cikin 1939 mai taken, &quot;Dírbheatha hl ne Néill Mhic Ghiolla Bhrighde&quot;. An sake buga shi a shekara ta 1974.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nellie Spindler</title>
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'''Nellie Spindler''' (10 ga Agusta 1891 - 21 ga Agusta 1917) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 August 2017 |title=Casualties of Passchendaele: Staff Nurse Nellie Spindler |url=https://www.cwgc.org/learn/news-and-events/news/2017/08/24/10/56/casualties-of-passchendaele-staff-nurse-nellie-spindler |access-date=14 November 2018 |publisher=Commonwealth War Graves Commission}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma'aikaciyar jinya ce wacce aka kashe a lokacin Yaƙin Passchendaele . Ita ce ɗaya daga cikin mata 'yan Birtaniya biyu da suka mutu a [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya da]] aka binne a Belgium {{Efn|The other woman casualty to be buried in Belgium is Sister Elsie Mabel Gladstone ARRC, who died of pneumonia on 24 January 1919, age 32 and is buried at Namur.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/481075/gladstone,-elsie-mabel/ |title=Sister Elsie Mabel Gladstone |website=cwgc.org |date= |accessdate=23 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} kuma ita ce mace ɗaya tilo da aka binne a cikin maza sama da 10,000 a Makabartar Sojoji ta Lijssenthoek . &lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 August 2017 |title=Nurse death centenary marked at hospital |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-40976974 |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=Bbc.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Nellie Spindler ga Elizabeth Snowdon da George Kealey Spindler a Wakefield, Yorkshire . Mahaifinta sajant ne na 'yan sanda, kuma daga baya sufeto, a rundunar 'yan sandan birnin Wakefield .

Spindler ta shiga aikin jinya a shekarar 1911 a Asibitin City Fever, Wakefield kuma ta yi horo a Asibitin Leeds Township daga 1912 zuwa 1915. &lt;ref name=&quot;CWGC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Casualties of Passchendaele: Staff Nurse Nellie Spindler |url=https://www.cwgc.org/learn/news-and-events/news/2017/08/24/10/56/casualties-of-passchendaele-staff-nurse-nellie-spindler |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=Cwgc.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta shiga Sabis na Kula da Lafiyar Sojoji na Sarauniya Alexandra (QAIMNS) a watan Oktoban 1915. Don shiga Sabis na Kula da Lafiyar Sojoji na Sarauniya Alexandra, ya zama dole a zama mara aure ko kuma ba a daɗe da yin bazawara ba, a kammala horo na shekaru uku a asibiti da Ofishin Yaƙi ya amince da shi kuma a kasance sama da shekaru 25; Spindler tana da shekaru 24 kacal a lokacin da ta yi rajista. A kan fom ɗin neman aikinta, ta ce shekarar haihuwarta ita ce 1889 maimakon 1891. Yana yiwuwa wannan kuskure ne, amma wataƙila ta ɓoye ainihin shekarunta don ta bayyana cewa ta isa ta yi hidima. &lt;ref name=&quot;IWM&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 July 2017 |title=Nurse Nellie Spindler |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/history/nurse-nellie-spindler |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=Iwm.org.uk }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Bayan an karɓe ta a QAIMNS, daga 10 ga Nuwamba 1915 zuwa 24 ga Afrilu 1917, ta yi aiki a Asibitin Sojoji na Whittington, Lichfield. A can aka ayyana ta a matsayin wacce ta cancanci yin aiki a ƙasashen waje. A watan Mayu 1917, ta yi tafiya zuwa Faransa ta yi aiki a Babban Asibiti na 2 a Le Havre a Somme kafin a mayar da ita zuwa Tashar Kashe Farashi ta 44 (CCS) wacce ta koma Brandhoek, Belgium, a watan Yuli 1917. Wannan CCS ta ƙware a raunukan ciki, ƙirji da cinya waɗanda ke buƙatar magani cikin gaggawa don haka aka ajiye ta kusa da layin gaba. Duk da cewa tana da nisan mil uku daga layin gaba, Brandhoek tana cikin jerin manyan bindigogin Jamus, kuma tare da gefen jirgin ƙasa da wuraren harsasai na Jamus ana kai hare-hare akai-akai.

A ranar 21 ga Agusta 1917, an jefa bam a kan CCS kuma da ƙarfe 11:00 na safe harsashi ya bugi Spindler tare da wasu ma'aikatan jinya huɗu waɗanda suka yi rauni a cikin nakuda. Ta mutu bayan mintuna 20 a hannun Sister Minnie Wood, 'yar'uwar da ke kula da ita. A cikin wani gidan wasiƙa, Sister [[Kate Luard]] {{Efn|Katherine Evelyn Luard was awarded the Royal Red Cross &amp; Bar and was twice mentioned in dispatches; she left nursing in November 1918 to look after her ailing father.}} ta tuna:

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1891]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nazira Abdula</title>
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'''Nazira Karimo Vali Abdula''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1969) ƙwararriyar likitar yara ce kuma 'yar siyasa daga [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Lafiya a gwamnatin Filipe Nyusi daga ranar 19 ga watan Janairu, 2015, har zuwa ranar 17 ga watan Janairu, 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nazira Abdula, Ending Malnutrition campaign ambassador: A Powerful Voice for Child Nutrition in Mozambique |url=https://www.wvi.org/stories/mozambique/nazira-abdula-ending-malnutrition-campaign-ambassador-powerful-voice-child |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=www.wvi.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An haifi Abdula a birnin [[Nampula]], ƙasar Portugal Mozambique a shekarar 1969. Ta kammala karatun firamare a Nampula da kewaye kafin ta yi rajista a [[Jami'ar Eduardo Mondlane]], da ke [[Maputo]], inda ta sami digirinta a fannin likitanci a shekarar 1993. &lt;ref name=&quot;biografia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 May 2016 |title=Curtas notas biográficas de Nazira Abdula |url=https://www.biografia.co.mz/index.php/en/politica/153-curtas-notas-biograficas-de-nazira-abdula |website=biografia.co.mz |language=pt }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abdula ta fara aikin likitanci a Asibitin Tsakiya na Maputo, daga baya ta yi aiki a Asibitin São João do Porto da ke Portugal. Ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin [[abinci mai gina jiki]] daga [[Jami'ar Flinders]] da ke Ostiraliya a shekarar 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;worldbank&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nazira Abdula, Minister of Health, Mozambique |url=https://live.worldbank.org/experts/nazira-abdula |access-date=6 May 2019 |website=Banque Mondiale |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abdula ta yi aiki a matsayin likitan tiyata a Babban Asibitin Mavalane daga shekarun 1993 zuwa 1997, inda ta shiga cikin wani shiri na yaki da [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|cutar zazzabin cizon sauro]] a yankin. Ta kuma yi aiki don yaki da annobar cutar kwalara a Babban Asibitin Maputo a shekarar 1997. &lt;ref name=&quot;worldbank&quot;/&gt; Daga baya ta yi aiki kafaɗa da kafaɗa da Jami'ar Katolika ta Mozambique da Cibiyar Kimiyya da Lafiya a Maputo da Beira.

=== Rayuwar siyasa ===
An naɗa Abdula a matsayin Ministar Lafiya a ranar 19 ga watan Janairu, 2015, mace ta farko da ta zama ministar lafiya a Mozambique tun bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1975. &lt;ref name=&quot;biografia&quot;/&gt; A matsayinta na ministar lafiya, ta yi aiki a kan yaki da cutar HIV/AIDS a Mozambique ga gwamnatin Nyusi, wacce ke fatan kawar da cutar nan da shekarar 2030. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 December 2017 |title=Mozambique reinforces its commitment towards ending AIDS |url=http://www.unaids.org/en/keywords/mozambique |access-date=6 May 2019 |website=unaids.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki a kan satar da sayar da magunguna ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma sayar da magungunan jabu da kuma safarar su. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 November 2018 |title=Pharmacists urged to fight against theft of medicines |url=https://clubofmozambique.com/news/pharmacists-urged-to-fight-against-theft-of-medicines/ |access-date=6 May 2019 |website=clubofmozambique.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; A bayan aikinta da gwamnati, Abdula ta rubuta labarai da dama na kimiyya game da juriyar kwayoyin cuta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=N. Abdula |last2=J. Macharia |last3=A. Motsoaledi |last4=S. Swaminathan |date=November 2015 |title=National action for global gains in antimicrobial resistance |journal=The Lancet |language=en |volume=387 |issue=10014 |pages=e3–e5 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00668-6 |pmid=26603924 |s2cid=28129430}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ita [[Musulmi|Musulma]] ce.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Go__DwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=nazira+abdula+muslim&amp;pg=PA182 | title=The Palgrave Handbook of Islam in Africa | isbn=978-3-030-45759-4 | last1=Ngom | first1=Fallou | last2=Kurfi | first2=Mustapha H. | last3=Falola | first3=Toyin | date=26 September 2020 | publisher=Springer }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Haron |first=Muhammed |title=Southern Africa's Muslim Communities: Selected Profiles |date=2020 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45759-4_10 |work=The Palgrave Handbook of Islam in Africa |pages=163–202 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-45759-4_10 |isbn=978-3-030-45758-7 |access-date=2023-02-10|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nina Hibbin</title>
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'''Nina Gloria Hibbin''' (28 Satumba 1922 - 28 Mayu 2004)  ƙwararriyar mai sukar fina-finai ce kuma marubuciya a Ingila. Ita ce mai sukar fina-finai ta ''Daily Worker'' (wanda daga baya aka fi sani da ''Morning Star'' ) daga 1960 zuwa 1971, kuma ta rubuta sharhi ga ''The Lady'' . Bayan ta yi ritaya daga aikin jarida, ta zama mutum na farko da ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in fina-finai na Ƙungiyar Fasaha ta Yorkshire. A ƙarshen shekarun 1970, ita ce daraktan shirye-shirye na BFI -aligned Tyneside Cinema a [[Newcastle|Newcastle upon Tyne]] . Ita ce marubucin ''Eastern Europe: An Illustrated Guide'' kuma ita ce marubuciya (tare da 'yarta, furodusa na fina-finai Sally Hibbin ) na ''What a Carry On - The Official Story of the Carry On Films'' .

Hibbin [[kwaminisanci]] ce mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma ta tabbatar da cewa sharhinta ya bayyana imaninta na siyasa. A cikin wata hira da ta yi da ''[[The Guardian|jaridar The Guardian]]'' jim kaɗan bayan mutuwarta, mai sukar fina-finai Derek Malcolm ya ce: &quot;Za a tuna da ita saboda sha'awarta ga sinima ta gabashin Turai, ƙiyayyarta ga takunkumin da gwamnatoci marasa son fasaha masu tawaye suka sanya mata a wasu lokutan, da kuma kamfen ɗinta da yawa na shawo kan masu rarrabawa na Burtaniya su nuna abin da a lokacin ake kira sinima ta duniya ta uku.&quot;  A shekarar 2019, Ranker ta sanya Nina Hibbin a lamba ta 15 a cikin jerin &quot;Shahararrun Masu Sukar Fina-finai Mata&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Famous Female Film Critics |url=https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-female-film-critics/reference?page=4 |access-date=2 August 2019 |publisher=[[Ranker]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yaro da farkon aiki ==
An haifi Hibbin a Romford, Essex. Iyalinta Yahudawa ne kuma sun samo asali ne daga Gabashin Turai. 

A lokacin da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya ɓarke a watan Satumba na 1939, Hibbin ta fara aiki a matsayin mai bincike a ƙungiyar bincike ta Mass-Observation (MO). Ta fara bayar da rahoto game da martanin jama'ar Birtaniya game da fosta game da yaƙin. Ta ci gaba da rubuta bincike kan nuna ƙiyayya ga Yahudawa a Gabashin London, yanayin da ake ciki a matsugunan da ake kai hare-haren sama a birnin, da kuma rawar da rundunar sojin sama ta Mata (WAAF) ke takawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Scantlebury/TheKeep&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Scantlebury |first=Jessica |date=29 November 2016 |title=The Many Lives of Nina Hibbin |url=https://www.thekeep.info/the-many-lives-of-nina-hibbin/ |access-date=1 August 2019 |publisher=[[The Keep, Brighton|The Keep]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai lura a Gabashin Gabas a duk lokacin farkon yaƙin, tana jan hankalin 'yan ƙasa su yi tattaunawa ta yau da kullun don tabbatar da kwarin gwiwa da ingancin matakan tsaro na gwamnati.  Ta yi matuƙar adawa da dangantakar MO da Ma'aikatar Labarai, duk da haka, ta bayyana alaƙar a matsayin &quot;cin amana&quot;.  Ta yi murabus daga aikin a shekarar 1941, saboda rashin amincewa da abin da ta gani a matsayin yadda ma'aikatar ke sarrafa rahotanninta, kuma da zarar dama ta zo ga mata su shiga rundunonin soja a fagen daga . {{Sfn|Weightman|Humphries|Mack|Taylor|2007}}

Hibbin ta yi maraba da damar da yaƙin ya bayar kuma ta shiga cikin WAAF. [1] Daga baya ta ce: &quot;Kafin yaƙin, babu wata hanyar da 'yan mata matasa masu kyau za su iya barin gida kuma tsammanin kawai shine ku yi aure ku bar gida. Kuma yanzu kwatsam sai ga wannan yiwuwar shiga WAAF ... [Mun] san za mu koyi sana'a, za mu yi tafiya, kuma ... kawai gaskiyar barin gida tana da ma'ana mai yawa, kasancewa 'yanci daga ayyukan da ake tsammani daga mata ...&quot; [1] Ta yi aiki a matsayin makaniki a jiragen yaƙi na Spitfire a RAF Hendon, arewacin London. [1]

Hibbin, wacce take bayar da gudummawa ga mujallar ''Picture Post'', ta rubuta taken hotunan ma'aikata.  An ƙara nuna imaninta na gurguzu a cikin marubutan rahotannin da ta yi wa ƙungiyar fina-finan ma'aikata ta London da kuma wani takarda a bikin fina-finai na duniya da aka yi a Moscow da kuma a taron karawa juna sani da aka gudanar a Repino, Leningrad. &lt;ref name=&quot;Scantlebury/TheKeep&quot;/&gt;

Hibbin ta ji takaicin cewa, bayan ƙarshen yaƙin, damar mata a cikin ayyukan soja ta ƙare. {{Sfn|Weightman|Humphries|Mack|Taylor|2007}} Bayan ta yi zanga-zanga daga WAAF, Hibbin ta yi horo a matsayin malamar makaranta a Dartington Hall, kusa da Totnes a Devon. Daga nan ta koyar a wata makaranta a Cornwall, inda a nan tausayin kwaminisanci ya zama abin jayayya. Ta koma Landan a farkon shekarun 1950. 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nyeleti Brooke Mondlane</title>
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'''Nyeleti Brooke Mondlane''' (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Janairu, 1962 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nyeleti Brooke Mondlane |url=https://clubofmozambique.com/who-is-who-post/nyeleti-brooke-mondlane-162749/ }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; ) 'yar siyasa ce a [[Mozambik|ƙasar Mozambique]]. Ita 'yar shugaban [[FRELIMO]] [[Eduardo Mondlane]] ce kuma 'yar fafutuka kuma 'yar siyasa [[Janet Mondlane]] 'yar Amurka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Conselho de Ministros / Governo / Início - Portal do Governo de Moçambique |url=https://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/por/Governo/Conselho-de-Ministros}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mondlane ta kasance memba a Majalisar Dokokin Jamhuriyar daga shekarun 1994 zuwa 2014, kuma mataimakiyar ministar harkokin waje. Ta zama Ministar Jinsi, Yara da Jin Daɗin Jama'a a shekarar 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Conselho de Ministros / Governo / Início - Portal do Governo de Moçambique |url=https://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/por/Governo/Conselho-de-Ministros}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Natasha Marin</title>
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[[Fayil:Natasha_marin_2021.jpg|alt=Natasha Marin|thumb|Natasha Marin]]
'''Natasha Marin''' wata mai zane-zane ce mai ra'ayi da ke zaune a [[Seattle]], marubuciya mai wallafawa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Marin |first=Natasha |date=2009 |title=Adolescence, or Through the Fire |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40608389 |journal=Feminist Studies |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=523 |issn=0046-3663 |jstor=40608389}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a wacce ta samo asali daga Trinidad da Kanada, wacce aikinta ya mayar da hankali kan mutane, al'umma, da warkarwa. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fox |first=Emily |date=August 30, 2020 |title=Sound &amp; Vision: Natasha Marin on Black Imaginations |url=https://www.kexp.org/read/2020/8/31/sound-vision-natasha-marin-black-imaginations/ |access-date=November 21, 2020 |website=[[KEXP]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;   An fi saninta da aikinta na [[Respirations (tashar yanar gizo)|Reparations (gidan yanar gizo)]],  saboda aikinta na zane-zane da littafinta mai suna BLACK IMAGINATION, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harrison |first=Mia |date=April 24, 2020 |title=Black Imagination: A tool to decolonize one's mind |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/natasha-marin-black-imagination/Content?oid=79467626 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129110057/https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/natasha-marin-black-imagination/Content?oid=79467626 |archive-date=November 29, 2020 |access-date=November 21, 2020 |website=[[Chicago Reader]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=June 18, 2020 |title=Three Possible Worlds |url=https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2020/06/18/three-possible-worlds/ |journal=[[The Paris Review]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma littafinta mai suna &quot;Black Powerful: Black Voices Reimagine Revolution,&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Black Powerful: Black Voices Reimagine Revolution |url=https://store.mcsweeneys.net/products/black-powerful-black-voices-reimagine-revolution |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=The McSweeney’s Store |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An saka sunan Marin a cikin jerin mata 30 da suka &quot;Gudanar da Wannan Birni&quot; ta mujallar Seattle Metropolitan a shekarar 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 31, 2018 |title=30 More Women Who Run This City |url=https://www.seattlemet.com/news-and-city-life/2018/01/30-more-women-who-run-this-city |access-date=November 21, 2020 |website=[[Seattle Met]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin zane-zane na Baƙar Fata ==
Baƙar Fata aikin fasaha ne na Marin kuma littafinsa mai suna iri ɗaya. An fara aikin da wani baje kolin fasaha a watan Janairun 2018 mai suna &quot;Baƙar Fata: Yanayin Matter,&quot; a CORE Gallery da ke Seattle. Bayan wannan baje kolin, an sake yin wasu baje kolin fasaha guda biyu a ƙarƙashin sunan Baƙar Fata: &quot;Sauraro,&quot; da &quot;Abubuwan Al'ada.&quot; Kowanne daga cikin baje kolin fasaha guda uku da aka yi bisa sauti, waɗanda aka yi bisa ga ra'ayi a Seattle da kewaye, an tsara su ne don faɗaɗa, tsakiya, da kuma ɗaukar samfuran muryoyin Baƙar fata daban-daban masu tsarki.

=== Uwa ta uwa ===
MOTHERLAND, wani ɓangare na jerin baje kolin zane-zane na Marin's Black Imagination, an nuna shi a Vermillion Gallery a watan Afrilun 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Opening April 7, 2022, 5-9pm: Motherland – Natasha Marin : Vermillion :: email@vermillionseattle.com :: 206-709-9797 |url=https://vermillionseattle.com/2022/04/opening-april-7-2022-5-9pm-motherland-natasha-marin/ |access-date=2023-02-05 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; A yayin binciken mallakar ƙasa da ƙaura, baje kolin ya haɗa da &quot;Mai Sanye da Kaka,&quot; wani sassaka da ke wakiltar ruhohi da kakannin da aka yi da auduga danye, harsashin shanu, ƙabilu, kente, da masaku na Ankara waɗanda aka samo kai tsaye daga ƙasar uwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=motherland |url=https://www.black-imagination.com/ |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=blackimagination |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ƙirƙiri Mai Sanye da haɗin gwiwa da baƙi yayin da Marin ke zaune a Gidan Tarihi na Burke . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Story of the Cowrie Shell |url=https://www.burkemuseum.org/calendar/story-cowrie-shell-4 |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=Burke Museum |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littafin Baƙar Fatan Tunani ==
Aikin Baƙar Fata ya kuma ɗauki siffar littafin waƙoƙi, tunani, da labarai da Marin ya tsara mai suna &quot;BAƘIN HASASHE: Muryoyin Baƙar Fata akan Gaban Baƙar Fata.&quot; An ƙaddamar da littafin a Hugo House da ke Seattle a watan Janairun 2020, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2020 |title=Book Launch: Black Imagination by Natasha Marin |url=https://hugohouse.org/events/black-imagination-natasha-marin/ |access-date=November 21, 2020 |website=[[Hugo House]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma McSweeney's ya buga shi a watan Fabrairun 2020. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Spencer |first=Rochelle |date=16 September 2020 |title=Review: BLACK IMAGINATION Curated by Natasha Marin |url=http://losangelesreview.org/review-black-imagination-curated-by-natasha-marin/ |journal=[[The Los Angeles Review]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Littafin ya sami kulawar ƙasa baki ɗaya, inda The Paris Review ta ce, &quot;Muryoyi talatin da shida da ke cikin littafin suna da ƙarfi da kansu kuma suna da ƙarfi sosai lokacin da Marin ya haɗa su.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=June 18, 2020 |title=Three Possible Worlds |url=https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2020/06/18/three-possible-worlds/ |journal=[[The Paris Review]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2020/06/18/three-possible-worlds/ &quot;Three Possible Worlds&quot;]. ''[[The Paris Review]]''. June 18, 2020.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma sake duba littafin a cikin Los Angeles Review &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; kuma Jason Reynolds ya ba da shawarar a PBS NewsHour .  An gabatar da hirarraki da Marin game da littafin a [[KUOW-FM]] &quot;Speakers forum: Black Voices, originals, and futures,&quot;  da kuma a KEXP-FM, &quot;Sound &amp; Vision: Natasha Marin on Black Imaginations,&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fox |first=Emily |date=August 30, 2020 |title=Sound &amp; Vision: Natasha Marin on Black Imaginations |url=https://www.kexp.org/read/2020/8/31/sound-vision-natasha-marin-black-imaginations/ |access-date=November 21, 2020 |website=[[KEXP]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFFox2020&quot;&gt;Fox, Emily (August 30, 2020). [https://www.kexp.org/read/2020/8/31/sound-vision-natasha-marin-black-imaginations/ &quot;Sound &amp; Vision: Natasha Marin on Black Imaginations&quot;]. ''[[KEXP]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;November 21,&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; tare da jerin waƙoƙin labaran asali daga littafin. An ba da labarin sautin littafin ta hannun David Diggs, wanda ya lashe kyautar Grammy, da kuma [[Lena Waithe]], wacce ta lashe kyautar Emmy Award. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Perez |first=Lexy |date=2021-03-09 |title=Daveed Diggs, Lena Waithe to Narrate 'Black Imagination' Audiobook Production |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/lifestyle-news/daveed-diggs-lena-waithe-to-narrate-black-imagination-audiobook-production-4145437/ |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gloria Steinem ta ce &quot;ba ta taɓa fuskantar wani abu na fasaha kamar ''Black Imagination'' ba.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Black Imagination: Black Voices on Black Futures |url=https://store.mcsweeneys.net/products/black-imagination-black-voices-on-black-futures |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=The McSweeney’s Store |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littafin Baƙi Mai Ƙarfi ==
Littafin &quot;Baƙar fata Mai Ƙarfi: Muryoyin Baƙaƙe Sun Sake Tunani Juyin Juya Halin,&quot; na biyu na Marin, McSweeney's ne ya buga shi a shekarar 2022, tare da zane-zanen murfin littafin mai sassaka Vanessa German . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Black Powerful: Black Voices Reimagine Revolution |url=https://store.mcsweeneys.net/products/black-powerful-black-voices-reimagine-revolution |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=The McSweeney’s Store |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Littafin tarin tunani ne daga muryoyin Baƙaƙe sama da ɗari waɗanda ke bincika juriya, farin ciki, da nasarorin Baƙaƙe a ko'ina. Shagon Littattafai na City Lights ya haskaka shi a wata hira da Marin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-08-02 |title=5 Questions with Natasha Marin, Author of Black Powerful: Black Voices Reimagine Revolution |url=https://citylights.com/5-questions-with-natasha-marin-author-of-black-powerful-black-voices-reimagine-revolution/ |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=City Lights Booksellers &amp; Publishers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Nola Chilton</title>
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'''Nola Chilton''' (an haife ta '''Celia Truger''';  Ibrananci; 12 Fabrairu 1922 - 8 Oktoba 2021) ta kasance darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Isra'ila da aka haifa a Amurka kuma malamin wasan kwaikwayo. Ta kasance majagaba na wasan kwaikwayo na zamantakewa a Isra'ila. A shekara ta 2013, an ba Chilton Kyautar Isra'ila don wasan kwaikwayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ben-Zvi |first=Linda |date=Fall 2006 |title=Staging the Other Israel: The Documentary Theatre of Nola Chilton |url=http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/tdr/summary/v050/50.3ben-zvi.html |journal=TDR: The Drama Review |volume=50 |issue=3/T 191 |pages=42-55}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
An haifi Nola Chilton a Brooklyn, New York ga baƙi Yahudawa daga Daular Rasha. Mahaifiyarta ta mutu daga [[tarin fuka]] lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha biyu. Mahaifinta mai zane-zane ne kuma mai sayar da abinci. Ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo a karkashin Lee Strasberg kuma ta yi aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Actors, horar da 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma ba da umarni. A shekara ta 1960, ta ba da umarnin samar da Broadway na &quot;Dead End,&quot; wani wasa mai ban sha'awa game da rayuwar matasa masu talauci, wanda Dustin Hoffman ya bayyana.

A cikin 1963, Chilton ya yi hijira zuwa Isra'ila, ya ƙaura a Kiryat Gat, sannan wani karamin gari a arewacin Negev. Ta yi aiki a takaice ga Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kamari amma ba ta da sha'awar yanayin [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]], wanda ya tunatar da ita abin da ta bar a baya. Ta karbi yarinya mai shekaru biyu kuma ta koma arewacin kasar, da farko zuwa Kibbutz Ma'agan Michael sannan Kibbutz Yasur . 

=== Ayyukan fasaha ===
A Isra'ila, Chirlton ya ba da umarni, a tsakanin sauran wasannin, The Summer of the Seventeenth Doll (ko &quot;The 17th Doll&quot;) a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Cameri, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=⁨הבובה ה־‭17 ב&quot;קאמרי&quot; ⁩ &amp;mdash; ⁨⁨קול העם⁩ 8 נובמבר 1963⁩ &amp;mdash; הספרייה הלאומית של ישראל │ עיתונים |url=https://www.nli.org.il/he/newspapers/khm/1963/11/08/01/article/41 |access-date=27 November 2025 |website=www.nli.org.il |language=he }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma Isra'ila na shahararren wasan Barefoot in the Park (daga baya ya daidaita shi zuwa fim mai nasara), wanda Giora Godik ya samar a Nachmani Hall a 1965 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=⁨&quot; ר ח.גמזו על יחפים בפארק' &quot; ⁩ &amp;mdash; ⁨⁨מעריב⁩ 4 פברואר 1965⁩ &amp;mdash; הספרייה הלאומית של ישראל │ עיתונים |url=https://www.nli.org.il/he/newspapers/mar/1965/02/04/01/article/40 |access-date=27 November 2025 |website=www.nli.org.il |language=he }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=⁨הבובה ה־‭17 ב&quot;קאמרי&quot; ⁩ &amp;mdash; ⁨⁨קול העם⁩ 8 נובמבר 1963⁩ &amp;mdash; הספרייה הלאומית של ישראל │ עיתונים |url=https://www.nli.org.il/he/newspapers/khm/1963/11/08/01/article/41 |access-date=27 November 2025 |website=www.nli.org.il |language=he }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=⁨מלאכה הגונה ⁩ &amp;mdash; ⁨⁨למרחב⁩ 22 ינואר 1965⁩ &amp;mdash; הספרייה הלאומית של ישראל │ עיתונים |url=https://www.nli.org.il/he/newspapers/lmrv/1965/01/22/01/article/80 |access-date=27 November 2025 |website=www.nli.org.il |language=he }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarun 1970s, ta fara jagorantar a cikin salon Gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Hanyar aikinta ta dogara ne akan tambayoyi, bincike, da aikin rukuni tare da ƙungiyar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullun. Ta ba da umarnin wasan kwaikwayo na satirical Coexistence (wanda ya shafi batun Palasdinawa), A Bicycle for a Year (a kan batun Ci gaban Garin), da The Coming Days (a kan tsufa). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=⁨תיאטרון מהחיים ⁩ &amp;mdash; ⁨⁨דבר⁩ 16 אוגוסט 1978⁩ &amp;mdash; הספרייה הלאומית של ישראל │ עיתונים |url=https://www.nli.org.il/he/newspapers/dav/1978/08/16/01/article/151 |access-date=27 November 2025 |website=www.nli.org.il |language=he }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarun 1970s, ta kafa wani aiki a garin Kiryat Shmona wanda ya gabatar da sabbin wasannin da kayan aiki na musamman.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Wadanda suka halarci aikin sun hada da dalibanta daga Jami'ar Tel Aviv, kamar su: [[Itzik Weingarten]], Ofra Weingarten. Moni Moshonov, Sandra Sade, Shlomo Bar-Aba, Hava Ortman, Dalik Wollinitz, Arnon Zadok, da sauransu.

Daga 1973-1975, ta yi aiki a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Haifa tare da Yehoshua Sobol a wasan kwaikwayonsa The Twentieth Night . An rubuta wasan ne ta hanyar improvisations tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kuma, bayan da ya gudana a Haifa, daga baya an shirya shi a matakai da yawa a Isra'ila, gami da samar da masu son da yawa.[1] A shekara ta 1976, ta ba da umarnin wasan Kriza a Haifa, wanda shine ɗayan wasan kwaikwayo na farko a Isra'ila don magance batun nuna bambancin kabilanci ga jama'ar Mizrahi.

== Manazarta ==

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  <page>
    <title>Nili Cohen</title>
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'''Nili Cohen''' (Ibraniyawa; an haife shi a shekara ta 1947) farfesa ne a Isra'ila kuma masanin shari'a. Ta kasance mai karɓar Kyautar Isra'ila, &lt;ref name=&quot;tautrust.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 March 2017 |title=Prof. Nili Cohen to receive Israel Prize in Law |url=https://tautrust.org/prof-nili-cohen-receive-israel-prize-law/ |access-date=28 June 2019 |website=TAU Trust UK |publisher=Tel Aviv University Trust }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ita ce Shugabar Kwalejin Kimiyya da Kimiyya ta Isra'ila ta gaji Farfesa [[Ruth Arnon]],  wanda Cohen ya taka rawar gani.  Ita memba ce ta Academia Europaea, ta American Philosophical Society, kuma memba ce ta kasashen waje ta accademia dei lincei .

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
An haifi Nili Cohen a Kfar Saba, a shekara ta 1947.&lt;ref name=&quot;bogcms.haifa.ac.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nili Cohen |url=http://bogcms.haifa.ac.il/images/bog2018/Nili_eng.pdf |access-date=28 June 2019 |website=bogcms.haifa.ac.il |publisher=Board of Governors, University of Haifa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta girma kuma ta yi karatu a [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]] kuma ta kammala karatu daga [[Ironi Dalet High School|Makarantar Sakandare ta Ironi Dalet]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;bogcms.haifa.ac.il&quot; /&gt; Mahaifinta malami ne a wannan birni. Kakar Cohen, Batsheva (Bertha) Friedberg Grabelsky, ta zauna a Manhattan, kuma ta auri wani baƙo na Ukraine, Boris Grabelsky . Bertha ta kasance edita, mai fassara, Ibrananci, da Zionist, wanda, a cikin 1920s, ya buga Eden, jarida ga matasa Yahudawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;jpost.com2017&quot; /&gt;

Tsohuwar Jami'ar Tel Aviv (TAU), inda Cohen ta sami LL. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] M., da Ph.D. digiri, ita ce co-kafa edita na TAU Law Review . A shekara ta 1998, Cohen ya sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Buenos Aires . &lt;ref name=&quot;en-law.tau.ac.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof. Nili Cohen |url=https://en-law.tau.ac.il/profile/nilico |access-date=28 June 2019 |website=en-law.tau.ac.il |publisher=The Buchmann Faculty of Law}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tana aiki a matsayin Benno Gitter Chair a cikin Dokar Kwatanta. Daga 1994 zuwa 1997, ta kasance Mataimakin Rector (1994-1997) na TAU, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Rector daga 1997 zuwa 2001.[1] Ita ce Farfesa mai daraja na Kwalejin Shari'a ta TAU.[2] Cohen ya zama memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Isra'ila a shekara ta 2004, kuma an zabe shi shugabanta a shekara ta 2015. [2][3]

Ta kasance dan takara a Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, amma an toshe nadin ta a cikin wani tsari wanda ya jawo hankalin siyasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 February 2007 |title=A justice minister with a passion for criticism |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel/a-justice-minister-with-a-passion-for-criticism}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cohen gwauruwa ce; mijinta, Amiram Cohen, ya kasance lauya. Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu da ɗa ɗaya.

== Manazarta ==

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    <title>Muriel MacDonagh</title>
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'''Muriel MacDonagh''' (née '''Gifford''' ; 18 Disamba 1884 - 9 Yuli 1917) 'yar asalin ƙasar Ireland ce, kuma memba ce ta Inghinidhe na hÉireann . &lt;ref name=&quot;White&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|edition=James}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mijinta Thomas MacDonagh, yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka sanya hannu kan sanarwar Jamhuriyar Ireland, wadda ta haifar da Tawayen Ista .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
[[Fayil:Muriel_and_Sidney_Gifford,_1911.jpg|left|thumb|Muriel da Sidney Gifford a shekarar 1911]]
An haifi Muriel Enid Gifford a 12 Cowper Road, Rathmines a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1884. Ita ce 'ya ta huɗu kuma 'ya ta takwas ga Frederick da Isabella Gifford, 'ya'ya goma sha biyu. Tun tana ƙarama, ta sha fama da zazzabin rheumatic da phlebitis a lokuta daban-daban. &lt;ref name=&quot;Shannon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shannon |first=Gerard |title=Today in Irish History, 9 July 1917: The Death of Muriel MacDonagh |url=https://www.theirishstory.com/2016/07/09/today-in-irish-history-9-july-1917-the-death-of-muriel-macdonagh/ |access-date=24 February 2020 |website=The Irish Story}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta halarci Kwalejin Alexandra, kuma ta yi ɗan gajeren lokaci a Ingila tana horo don koyar da kaji. Da ta dawo Ireland, ta yi horo a Asibitin Sir Patrick Dun, Dublin a matsayin ɗalibi mai kula da lafiya, amma lafiyarta ta yi tsami sakamakon aikin. &lt;ref name=&quot;White&quot;/&gt;

== Kishin ƙasa ==
[[Fayil:Thomas_MacDonagh.png|right|thumb|294x294px|Mijin Muriel Thomas MacDonagh]]
Tare da 'yan uwanta mata, MacDonagh ta kasance mai himma a cikin ƙungiyar Women's Franchise League da Inghinidhe na hÉireann, wata ƙungiya mai ra'ayin ƙasa. Ta shiga cikin shirin cin abinci na makaranta daga 1910 zuwa 1911, ta shiga cikin wani taron tara kuɗi na ƙungiyar Women's Franchise League na 1914, inda ta bayyana a cikin wani shiri mai suna Maeve, Sarauniyar Jarumi. Ba ta da sha'awar mata kamar 'yan uwanta mata, MacDonagh ta yi farin cikin gayyatar masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata da masu fasaha don &quot;abinci mai kyau&quot;. A cikin iyali mai zaman kansa, tana da kunya kuma mai tawali'u, an san ta da halinta mai laushi. A shekarar 1908, ɗan jaridar da ke son 'yancin mata Nora Dryhurst tare da 'yan uwanta mata, Grace da [[Sidney Czira|Sidney]], suka gabatar da ita ga Thomas MacDonagh a wata ziyara da suka kai Makarantar St Enda . Dryhurst ya shawarci Thomas da ya &quot;ƙaunaci ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan 'yan matan ya aure ta&quot;, wanda ya amsa da dariya &quot;Wannan zai zama abu mai sauƙi; abin da kawai zai wahala shi ne a yanke shawara kan wanne&quot;. 'Yan'uwan Gifford sun ci gaba da saba da Thomas har zuwa kaka ta 1911, lokacin da ma'auratan suka yi ɗan gajeren lokaci na soyayya. Suna haɗuwa a asirce a gidajen tarihi da gidajen tarihi, kuma suna da wasiƙu da yawa. Lokacin da aka naɗa shi mataimakin malami a Kwalejin Jami'a ta Dublin a watan Disamba na 1911, sun yi aure a ranar 3 ga Janairu 1912. Suna da ɗa ɗaya, Donagh MacDonagh, da 'ya mace ɗaya, Barbara MacDonagh Redmond. Iyalin sun fara zama a 32 Baggot Street, daga baya kuma a 29 Oakley Road, Rathmines. &lt;ref name=&quot;White&quot;/&gt;

== Rayuwa daga baya ==
MacDonagh ta sha fama da rashin lafiya da baƙin ciki, wanda hakan ya haifar da lokutan kwantar da hankali da tsarewa. Lokacin da aka kama mijinta bayan tashin 1916 na Ista, ba ta iya ganinsa ba kafin a kashe shi a ranar 3 ga Mayu 1916, wanda hakan ya ƙara mata tsananin baƙin cikin. Ta shiga cikin ruɗani sakamakon mutuwarsa, kuma ta rabu da iyayenta saboda rashin amincewarsu da shigarsa cikin Tashin, ta zauna tare da Plunketts a Larkfield, Kimmage na ɗan lokaci, sannan kuma tare da dangin mijinta a Thurles, County Tipperary. Daga baya ta koma Dublin don yin hayar ɗakuna a wani gidan iyali na Plunkett, 50 Marlborough Road. &lt;ref name=&quot;White&quot;/&gt; Tare da ƙananan yara biyu don tallafawa, kusan ta kasance cikin talauci, amma kamar sauran gwauraye da marayu na shugabannin Tashin, Asusun Masu Jin Daɗin Irish ya taimaka musu, a shari'arta da £250. &lt;ref name=&quot;DCC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=WBTM-17 Áine Ceannt &amp; Muriel MacDonagh |url=https://www.dublincity.ie/image/libraries/wbtm-17-%C3%A1ine-ceannt-muriel-macdonagh |access-date=24 February 2020 |website=Dublin City Council}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin jami'a kuma memba na kwamiti a wannan ƙungiyar agaji. Mijinta ya sanya mata suna a matsayin mai aiwatar da rubuce-rubucensa, kuma ta shirya wani bugu na waƙoƙinsa da aka buga a watan Oktoban 1916. Nasarar wannan littafin, da kuma Adabinsa mafi tsada ''a Ireland'', wanda aka shirya bugawa a lokacin da aka kashe shi, ya rage mata wahalar kuɗi kaɗan. &lt;ref name=&quot;White&quot; /&gt;

Ta koma [[Cocin katolika|addinin Katolika]] a ranar 3 ga Mayu, 1917. &lt;ref name=&quot;Shannon&quot;/&gt;

== Mutuwa ==
MacDonagh ta mutu yayin da take iyo a cikin teku a lokacin hutu tare da wasu zawarawa da marayu na 1916 a Skerries, County Dublin a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1917. Kusan ba ta halarci bikin ba, domin ɗanta yana asibiti bayan ya ji rauni a lokacin faɗuwa. Ana kyautata zaton tana ƙoƙarin yin iyo zuwa Tsibirin Shenick daga Skerries, ana kyautata zaton tana son sanya tutar launin uku a Hasumiyar Martello ta tsibirin. An gano gawarta kusa da Tekun Loughshinny, kuma tunda babu ruwa a cikin huhunta, an yanke hukuncin cewa ta mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya kuma ba ta nutse ba. [1] Ganin cewa akwai sha'awa sosai ga zawarawa na 1916 da iyalansu, jana'izarta a Makabartar Glasnevin ta jawo hankalin jama'a masu makoki da aka kiyasta sun kai 5,000 a cikin jerin jana'izar. [2] [3] Bayan mutuwarta, an yi faɗa tsakanin Giffords da MacDonags kan Donagh da Barbara. [4] Goggonsu Mary MacDonagh, wata mai bautar gumaka da aka sani da Sister Francesca kuma wacce MacDonagh ta yi kusanci da ita, ta sami damar riƙe 'ya'yan. Duk da cewa wasu daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun yi tayin ɗaukar yaran, ta ajiye su a gidan kula da yara. [1] [5]

A ranar cika shekaru 100 da rasuwarta, an yi wani biki a Skerries don tunawa da MacDonagh. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=8-9 July 2017: Muriel MacDonagh centenary weekend, Skerries, Co. Dublin |url=https://www.decadeofcentenaries.com/8-9-july-2017-muriel-macdonagh-centenary-weekend-skerries-co-dublin/ |access-date=24 February 2020 |website=Decade Of Centenaries }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

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'''Ann &quot;Nancy&quot; Wyse Power''' (16 Nuwamba 1889 - 27 Disamba 1963), 'yar ƙasar Ireland ce mai ra'ayin gurguzu, diflomasiyya kuma mai kishin ƙasa.

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haife ta Ann Wyse Power a Dublin, 16 ga Nuwamba 1889, ga John Wyse Power da Jane O'Toole . Mahaifinta ma'aikacin gwamnati ne kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Gaelic Athletic Association yayin da mahaifiyarta ƴar fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata ce ta Irish, 'yar siyasa kuma 'yar kasuwa. Iyalinta suna gudanar da gidan abinci a titin Henry kuma manyan masu kishin ƙasar Ireland suna yawan zuwa ziyara. &lt;ref name=&quot;ORiordan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|edition=James}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Herald.ie 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-08-18 |title=Bloody history of our country is laid bare with one click |url=https://www.independent.ie/regionals/herald/bloody-history-of-our-country-is-laid-bare-with-one-click/28015531.html |access-date=2019-09-06 |website=Herald.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt; 'Yar uwarta, Máire, ita ma ƙwararriya ce a fannin Celtic.

Wyse Power ta shiga [[Conradh a Gaeilge|Gaelic League]] a shekarar 1902 kuma tana cikin kwamitin mata na Sinn Féin . Ta je Kwalejin Jami'a Dublin (UCD) inda ta kammala karatun digiri a shekarar 1912 a fannin Nazarin Celtic. Ta yi digiri na farko da digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Bonn, Jamus. Amma a shekarar 1915 an tilasta mata komawa Ireland saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]] . Sai da ta ɗauki har zuwa 1920 kafin ta sami damar kammala karatu a ƙarƙashin Julius Pokorny . Ta ƙware a fannin Ilimin Celtic Philology . &lt;ref name=&quot;ORiordan&quot;/&gt;

== Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka da aiki ==
Lokacin da take Ireland a shekarar 1915, Wyse Power ta shiga Cumann na mBan . Ta kasance mai himma a makon da ya gabaci tashin Ista kuma ta san cewa tashin zai ci gaba. Bulmer Hobson ta nemi ta zama mai aika saƙo kuma ta ɗauki saƙonni ciki har da zuwa Terence MacSwiney a Cork da kuma zuwa Carlow a ranar Litinin ta Ista. Ta yi aiki a Ofishin Wasiku na Janar, Dublin a lokacin makon Ista tana ɗauke da saƙonni da kayan abinci. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nancy Wyse Power Witness statement |url=http://www.militaryarchives.ie/collections/online-collections/bureau-of-military-history-1913-1921/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0541.pdf#page=2 |access-date=3 December 2019 |website=military archives}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1917, ita da mahaifiyarta sun yi aiki don samar da sauƙi ga iyalai waɗanda suka rasa membobi ko kuma suka kasance membobinsu a gidan yari. A ƙarshen shekarar 1917, an naɗa ta ɗaya daga cikin sakatarorin Cumann na nBan kuma ta taimaka wajen sake gina ƙungiyar zuwa rassa sama da 500 nan da shekarar 1920. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ta shiga ciki shine Lá na mBan, 9 ga Yuni 1918. &lt;ref name=&quot;McAuliffe 1918&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=McAuliffe |first=Mary |date=1918-06-09 |title=ANALYSIS: Lá na mBan, 9 June 1918 - Century Ireland |url=https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/analysis-la-na-mban-9-june-1918 |access-date=2019-09-06 |website=RTÉ Ireland's National Television and Radio Broadcaster}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Constance Markievicz]] kuma ta ba ta shawarar ta maye gurbinta idan aka kama shugabancin Sinn Féin. Wyse Power ta kasance mai himma a duk lokacin yaƙin 'Yanci na Ireland . &lt;ref name=&quot;ORiordan&quot;/&gt;   &lt;ref name=&quot;McAuliffe 2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=McAuliffe |first=Mary |date=2018-06-10 |title=Lá na mBan: A day of mass civil disobedience |url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/l-na-mban-a-day-of-mass-civil-disobedience-36988025.html |access-date=2019-09-06 |website=Independent.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Royal Irish Academy 2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-01-10 |title=New exhibition series in the National Archives of Ireland on 100 years of the Irish Foreign Service, 1919-2019 |url=https://www.ria.ie/ga/node/97806 |access-date=2019-09-06 |website=Royal Irish Academy }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Discovering Women in Irish History 1999&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1999-12-24 |title=3.1.7 Easter 1916 |url=http://womeninhistory.scoilnet.ie/content/unit3/easter_1916.html |access-date=2019-09-06 |website=Discovering Women in Irish History}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabuwar ma'aikatar harkokin waje ta Dáil ta ɗauki Wyse Power aiki don yin aiki da harkokin Jamus. A watan Afrilun 1921 ta kafa ofisoshin ofishin jakadancin Ireland a Berlin, inda ta kuma shiga cikin sake fara amfani da ''Jaridar Irish'' . Daga baya John Chartres ya zama shugaban ofishin siyasa, kuma Charles Bewley shi ne shugaban ƙungiyar kasuwanci a Berlin, kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Wyse Power da Chartres suna da goyon bayan kin amincewa da Yarjejeniyar kuma an sake kiran su duka.

A gaskiya ma, Wyse Power ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata uku na Cumann na mBan da suka amince da Yarjejeniyar (tare da mahaifiyarta, Jane, da Mrs Richard Mulcahy ). A lokacin muhawarar Yarjejeniyar, ta ba da shawarar yin sulhu: cewa Cumann na mBan ta sake tabbatar da amincinta ga Jamhuriyar &quot;amma da sanin cewa Yarjejeniyar... za ta, idan mutanen Ireland suka amince da ita, za ta zama babban mataki a kan hanyar zuwa ga wannan ƙarshen, muna bayyana cewa ba za mu yi aiki mai cikas ga waɗanda ke goyon bayan Yarjejeniyar ba&quot;. [1] Ta shiga Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Kasuwanci, kuma ta yi aiki a can daga 1923 zuwa 1932 lokacin da Fianna Fáil ta hau mulki bayan canjin gwamnati sannan Seán T. O'Kelly ta nemi ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Kananan Hukumomi da Lafiyar Jama'a a matsayin sakatare na sirri. A matsayinta na ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka sami matsayin babbar jami'a a cikin ma'aikatan gwamnati, Wyse Power ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kare mata. [2]

Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin gwamna a Cibiyar Nazarin Ci Gaba ta Dublin, mukamin da aka naɗa ta a shekarar 1940.

Wyse Power ta yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati a shekarar 1954. Ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar ɗaliban mata ta UCD daga 1959 zuwa 1962. Ta rasu a ranar 27 ga Disamba, 1963, tana da shekaru 74. &lt;ref name=&quot;ORiordan&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Documents on IRISH FOREIGN POLICY 1921&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1921-03-29 |title=Documents on IRISH FOREIGN POLICY |url=https://www.difp.ie/docs/1921/Germany/69.htm |access-date=2019-09-06 |website=Documents on IRISH FOREIGN POLICY}}&lt;/ref&gt;   &lt;ref name=&quot;UL 2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-07-26 |title=Decade of Centenaries - UL History |url=https://www.ul.ie/ULH/node/1351 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906110432/https://www.ul.ie/ULH/node/1351 |archive-date=6 September 2019 |access-date=2019-09-06 |website=UL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Nanette Thomas</title>
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'''Nanette Beatrice Effulabi Thomas''' (an haife {{Circa|1956}} ) &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-03-13 |title=Cabinet Reshuffle {{!}} APC Women Make History |url=http://www.sewa.news/2016/03/cabinet-reshuffle-apc-women-make-history.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-02 |website=Sewa News}}&lt;/ref&gt; 'yar siyasa ce a [[Saliyo]]. Ta yi aiki a matsayin ministar harkokin siyasa da jama'a daga shekarun 2016 zuwa 2018.

== Aikin siyasa ==
Nanette Thomas ta daɗe tana cikin jam'iyyar [[Duk Majalisar Jama'a|All People's Congress]], wacce ita ce babbar jam'iyyar adawa a ƙasar tun bayan da ta rasa mulki a shekarar 2018. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-01-10 |title=Honourable Nanette Thomas launches APC-Canada Women's Wing |url=http://www.ayvnewspaper.com/index.php/2020/01/10/honourable-nanette-thomas-launches-apc-canada-women-s-wing/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-02 |website=AYV Newspaper |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan ta gudu daga ƙasar a lokacin [[Yakin basasa na Sierra Leone|Yaƙin Basasa na Saliyo]] (1991–2002), ta zauna na ɗan lokaci a [[Texas]], inda ta jagoranci reshen APC na Dallas. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Michels |first=Patrick |date=2010-08-27 |title=Years Before Brutal Murder-Suicide, &quot;Lord Bongo&quot; Was Sierra Leonean Comedy Superstar |url=https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/years-before-brutal-murder-suicide-lord-bongo-was-sierra-leonean-comedy-superstar-7134795 |access-date=2021-02-02 |website=Dallas Observer}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sesay, Jr. |first=Christian F. |date=2011-08-18 |title=Salone's newly appointed National Coordinator, Attitudinal and Behavioral Change, Nanette Thomas returns to Texas |url=https://sierraexpressmedia.com/?p=28141 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-02 |website=Sierra Express Media |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sesay |first=Sanpha |date=2015-12-08 |title=APC Dallas President Sheik Daboh Bids Farwell to Attitudinal Change's Nanette Thomas |url=https://cocorioko.net/apc-dallas-president-sheik-daboh-bids-farwell-to-attitudinal-changes-nanette-thomas/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-02 |website=Cocorioko |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sesay |first=Sanpha |date=2016-09-28 |title=Facts about Sierra Leone: A Progress Report by Nanette Thomas |url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/facts-about-sierra-leone-a-progress-report-by-nanette-thomas |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-02 |website=The Patriotic Vanguard |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2011, ta koma Saliyo don zama mai kula da shirin canjin hali da ɗabi'a na ƙasar, wanda Shugaba Ernest Bai Koroma ya kafa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hanciles |first=Oswald |date=2020-08-11 |title=President Bio murders the Attitudinal and Behavioral Change program |url=https://cocorioko.net/president-bio-murders-the-attitudinal-and-behavioral-change-program/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-02 |website=Cocorioko |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-07-20 |title=Nanette Thomas joins ABC secretariat |url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/nanette-thomas-joins-abc-secretariat |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-02 |website=The Patriotic Vanguard |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara mai zuwa, Hukumar Dimokuraɗiyya ta ƙasa ta ƙasar ta naɗa ta a matsayin Mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a ta Shekara, saboda ayyukanta kan &quot;sauye-sauyen ɗabi'a da kuma batutuwan mata, ƙoƙarin yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa, da sauran fafutuka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fonti |first=Abdul |date=2012-12-28 |title=Nanette Thomas is Activist of the Year |url=https://sierraexpressmedia.com/?p=51501 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-02 |website=Sierra Express Media |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An naɗa ta ministar siyasa da harkokin jama'a a gwamnatin Koroma a shekarar 2016, inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Musa |first=Bockarie Kukuku |date=2017-05-17 |title=Sierra Leoneans ponder Nanette Thomas leadership |url=https://sierraexpressmedia.com/?p=81123 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-02 |website=Sierra Express Media |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sesay |first=Ibrahim Babatunde |date=2017-07-10 |title=3 Sierra Leoneans Receive Accolades at ICPS Conference |url=https://sierraexpressmedia.com/?p=81566 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-02 |website=Sierra Express Media |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tun bayan barin majalisar ministoci a shekarar 2018, lokacin da Shugaba [[Julius Maada Bio]] ya hau mulki, Thomas ta ci gaba da shiga harkokin siyasar jam'iyyar APC, musamman reshen mata. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]]</text>
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'''Myriam Dossou de Souza-D'Almeida''' (an haife ta a ranar 27 ga watan Mayu, 1967, a [[Lomé]]) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Togo wacce ta kasance Ministar Ci gaban Grassroots, Matasa, da Aikin Yi wa Matasa Aiki tun daga watan Oktoban 2020 a [[Government of Victoire Tomegah Dogbé|Gwamnatin Victoire Tomegah Dogbé]]. Ta ƙware a fannin inshora da sake inshora.

=== Ilimi ===
Myriam Dossou D'Almeida ta fara karatunta a Kwalejin Furotesta ta Lomé kuma ta sami digirinta na farko a shekarar 1985 a Makarantar Sakandare ta Tokoin da ke [[Lomé]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;alome&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Myriam DOSSOU-D`ALMEIDA |url=http://www.alome.com/qui/profil.asp?id=122 |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=alome.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta fara karatun fannin harhaɗa magunguna a [[University of Reims-Champagne-Ardenne|Jami'ar Reims-Champagne-Ardenne]] amma ba ta kammala karatun digirinta ba. Daga nan ta koma harkar inshora ta shiga École nationale d'assurances (Paris), inda ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci (MBA) a shekarar 2005. &lt;ref name=&quot;matin&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Edem Pedanou |date=20 June 2019 |title=Myriam DOSSOU-D’ALMEIDA, the female face of Togolese dynamism |url=https://www.societecivilemedias.com/2019/06/20/togo-portrait-myriam-dossou-dalmeida-visage-feminin-dynamisme-togolais/ |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=Togo Matin}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta koyar a can daga shekarun 2008 zuwa 2014. &lt;ref name=&quot;alome&quot; /&gt; Ta kuma kammala karatunta a Cibiyar Inshorar Afirka da ke [[Tunis]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Myriam DOSSOU-D’ALMEIDA |url=https://www.togofirst.com/fr/trombinoscope/1510-6484-myriam-dossou-d-almeida |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=togofirst.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Aikin inshora ===
A tsawon aikinta, De Souza-D'Almeida ta yi aiki a kamfanonin inshora da dama, ciki har da GTA-C2A [[IARD (company)|IARD]], dillalin Marsh France &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2020 |title=Myriam DOSSOU-d’ALMEIDA, the new face of Grassroots Development |url=https://focusinfos.tg/myriam-dossou-dalmeida-le-nouveau-visage-du-developpement-a-la-base/ |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=focusinfo.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma [[New Inter-African Insurance Company|Sabon Kamfanin Inshorar Ƙasashen Afirka ta Tsakiya]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot;/&gt; Daga nan ta koma sake inshora, musamman a AXA &lt;ref name=&quot;matin&quot;/&gt; a sassan Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara da Maghreb. &lt;ref name=&quot;alome&quot;/&gt;

Daga baya ta zama Darakta Janar na Cibiyar Inshorar Lafiya ta Ƙasa (INAM) daga shekarun 2012 &lt;ref name=&quot;breaking&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Government: Myriam Dossou d’Almeida in charge of Grassroots Development |url=https://togobreakingnews.info/gouvernement-myriam-dossou-d-almeida-au-developpement-a-la-base/?print=print |access-date=28 January 2022 |website=togobreakingnews.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; ko 2013 &lt;ref name=&quot;graph&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 October 2020 |title=Togo: Myriam Dossou d’Almeida officially takes over Grassroots Development |url=https://lomegraph.com/myriam-dossou-dalmeida-prend-officiellement/ |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=lomegraph.com |archive-date=5 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605213003/https://lomegraph.com/myriam-dossou-dalmeida-prend-officiellement/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; zuwa 2020. A cikin waɗannan shekaru takwas, ta aiwatar da ayyuka da dama, ciki har da jami'o'i ga tsofaffi da kuma faɗaɗa inshorar lafiya ga mata, ɗalibai, da 'yan jarida. &lt;ref name=&quot;breaking&quot; /&gt; An soki yadda take tafiyar da tattalin arzikin cibiyar bayan wani bincike da babban sufeton jihar ya yi, wanda ya tabbatar da rahotannin da aka samu daga binciken cikin gida a watan Disamba na shekarar 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 August 2021 |title=Togo, Public Finance Control: State Inspector General scrutinizes INAM management |url=https://www.27avril.com/blog/affaires/economie/togo-controle-des-finances-publiques-les-projecteurs-de-linspection-generale-detat-sur-la-gestion-de-linam |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=27avril.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma zarge ta da kashe kuɗi sau biyu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 August 2021 |title=Revelation: Minister Myriam Dossou d’Almeida embroiled in double spending scandal |url=https://togotribune.com/news/revelation-la-ministre-myriam-dossou-dalmeida-au-coeur-dun-scandale-de-double-depense/ |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=togotribune.com |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103003602/https://togotribune.com/news/revelation-la-ministre-myriam-dossou-dalmeida-au-coeur-dun-scandale-de-double-depense/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Aikin siyasa ===
Ta maye gurbin [[Victoire Tomegah Dogbé]] a matsayin Ministar Ci Gaba da Matasa ta Grassroots lokacin da ta zama firayim minista. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 October 2020 |title=Service handover at grassroots, crafts, and youth ministries |url=https://www.republiquetogolaise.com/politique/0210-4690-passation-de-services-a-la-base-l-artisanat-et-la-jeunesse |website=republiquetogolaise.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 October 2020 |title=Togo: Who is Myriam Dossou-d'Almeida, the new Minister of Grassroots Development? |url=https://l-frii.com/togo-qui-est-myriam-dossou-d-almeida-le-nouveau-ministre-du-developpement-a-la-base/ |access-date=13 November 2023 |website=L-FRII}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga nan ta bar INAM &lt;ref name=&quot;graph&quot;/&gt; ta kuma mai da hankali kan haɓaka kasuwancin matasa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 September 2022 |title=Togo: Enhanced visibility for young entrepreneurs by public media |url=https://matinlibre.com/togo/amp/2022/09/21/togo-visibilite-renforcee-des-jeunes-entrepreneurs-par-les-medias-publics/ |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=matinlibre.com |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103050858/https://matinlibre.com/togo/amp/2022/09/21/togo-visibilite-renforcee-des-jeunes-entrepreneurs-par-les-medias-publics/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 June 2022 |title=International Youth Day: Call for projects launched |url=https://www.lenouveaureporter.com/journee-internationale-de-la-jeunesse-un-appel-a-projet-lance/ |access-date=28 January 2023 |publisher=Le nouveau Reporter}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 September 2022 |title=Togo: Myriam Dossou d'Almeida offers a 1 million FCFA grant to the young creator of RAFX |url=https://togoreveil.com/singlepost-togo---myriam-dossou-d-almeida-offre-une-enveloppe-d-1-million-fcfa-au-jeune-concepteur-de-la-rafx-31-4931 |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=togoreveil.com}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma yaƙi da shan muggan kwayoyi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Biscone Adzoyi |date=12 January 2023 |title=Combating drug and substance abuse: Government steps up efforts |url=https://elitedafrique.com/societe/lutte-contre-la-consommation-de-la-drogue-et-des-stupefiants-le-gouvernement-veut-intensifier-la-lutte/ |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=elitedafrique.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wa'adinta ya ga ƙaruwa sosai a ƙirƙirar ƙananan kamfanoni a tsakanin matasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2022 |title=Togo: A record in micro-enterprise creation by young people in 2021 |url=https://www.atlanticinfos.com/index.php/economie/item/3715-togo-un-record-dans-la-creation-des-micro-entreprises-de-jeunes-en-2021 |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=atlanticinfos.com |archive-date=2 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202124718/https://www.atlanticinfos.com/index.php/economie/item/3715-togo-un-record-dans-la-creation-des-micro-entreprises-de-jeunes-en-2021 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]]</text>
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'''Oheneba Nana Ama Dokua Asiamah-Adjei''' (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga watan Yuli 1982) 'yar siyasa ce ta Ghana kuma 'yar majalisa ce a mazaɓar Akropong a [[Yankin Gabashi (Ghana)|yankin Gabas]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=99 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130073437/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=99 |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=parliament of ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita 'yar jam'iyyar New Patriotic ce kuma tsohuwar mataimakiyar ministan kasuwanci da masana'antu ta Ghana bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar ministan labarai a ƙarƙashin gwamnati ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-03-15 |title=Election 2016: Know your female parliamentary candidates (4) |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/election-2016-know-your-female-parliamentary-candidates-4.html |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Adjei a ranar 24 ga watan Yuli, 1982 ɗiya ce ga Nana Osae Nyampong na IV da Mrs. Aforo Asiamah-Adjei a Akropong, [[Yankin Gabashi (Ghana)|Yankin Gabashin]]. Ta yi karatunta na farko da na sakandare a Alsyd Academy da kuma [[St Rose's Senior High (Akwatia)|St Roses Senior High]] School bi da bi. Tana da digiri na farko a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin sufuri da samar da kayayyaki daga Jami'ar Exter da ke [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]]  &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Asiamah-Adjei, Dokua Oheneba |url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/nana-ama-dokua-asiamah-adjei/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Ghana MPS |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta kuma yi digiri na biyu a fannin zaman lafiya da tsaro a Cibiyar Horar da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya ta Kofi Annan (KAIPTC). &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hon. Dokua Asiamah-Adjei – Ministry of Trade &amp; Industry |url=https://moti.gov.gh/v2/hon-dokua-asiamah/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926231333/https://moti.gov.gh/v2/hon-dokua-asiamah/ |archive-date=26 September 2023 |access-date=2023-01-27 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki ==
Adjei ta kasance manajin darakta na Bekleen Limited daga shekarun 2007 zuwa 2016, sannan kuma Pongas Limited daga shekarun 2007 zuwa 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kpakpo |first=Jackson Odom |date=2020-12-13 |title=Beautiful Nana Dokua Asiamah Recaptures Her Seat As MP For Akuapem North Constituency. |url=https://wontumionline.com/beautiful-nana-dokua-asiamah-recaptures-her-seat-as-mp-for-akuapem-north-constituency/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127153200/https://wontumionline.com/beautiful-nana-dokua-asiamah-recaptures-her-seat-as-mp-for-akuapem-north-constituency/ |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Wontumi Online |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa ==
Adjei 'yar jam'iyyar New Patriotic Party ce. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NPP National Council throws out Akropong MP Hon Dokua Asiamah Adjei |url=https://ghanaguardian.com/npp-national-council-throws-out-akropong-mp-hon-dokua-asiamah-adjei |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=The Ghana Guardian News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kasance 'yar majalisar dokoki ta mazaɓar Akropong a yankin Gabashin Ghana daga shekarun 2017 zuwa 2025. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nana Ama Dokua pledges to support women, youth |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Nana-Ama-Dokua-pledges-to-support-women-youth-450616?gallery=1 |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Zaɓen 2016 ===
A zaɓen gama gari na Ghana a shekarar 2016, ta lashe kujerar majalisar dokoki ta mazaɓar Akropong/Akuapem ta Arewa da ƙuri'u 26,655, wanda ya kai kashi 62.3% na jimillar ƙuri'un da aka jefa, yayin da ɗan takarar majalisar dokoki na NDC, Yaw Appiah-Kubi, ya samu ƙuri'u 6,949, wanda ya kai kashi 16.8% na jimillar ƙuri'un da aka jefa, wani ɗan takarar majalisar dokoki mai zaman kansa, Asiedu Ofei, ya samu ƙuri'u 9,092, wanda ya kai kashi 21.2% na jimillar ƙuri'un da aka jefa, yayin da ɗan takarar majalisar dokoki na CPP, Gifty Mercy Anakwa, ya samu ƙuri'u 102, wanda ya kai kashi 0.2% na jimillar ƙuri'un da aka jefa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=2016 Election - Akropong / Akuapem North Constituency Results |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/eastern/akropong_akuapem_north/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127164154/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/eastern/akropong_akuapem_north/ |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Zaɓen 2020 ===
A babban zaɓen Ghana na 2020, ta sake lashe kujerar majalisar dokoki ta mazaɓar Akropong/Akuapem ta Arewa da ƙuri'u 26,646, wanda ya kai kashi 55.3% na jimillar ƙuri'un da aka jefa, yayin da ɗan takarar majalisar dokoki na NDC, Justice Kotey Amasah, ya samu ƙuri'u 10,505, wanda ya kai kashi 21.8% na jimillar ƙuri'un da aka jefa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akropong – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report |url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/eastern-region/akropong/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321044001/https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/eastern-region/akropong/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ɗan takarar majalisar dokoki mai zaman kansa, Adjei Twumasi William Kwabena, ya samu ƙuri'u 10,444, wanda ya kai kashi 21.7% na jimillar ƙuri'un da aka jefa, ɗan takarar majalisar dokoki na PNC, Desmond Twumasi Ntow, ya samu ƙuri'u 421, wanda ya kai kashi 0.9% na jimillar ƙuri'un da aka jefa, kuma ɗan takarar majalisar dokoki na CPP, Gifty Mercy Anakwa, ya samu ƙuri'u 146, wanda ya kai kashi 0.3% na jimillar ƙuri'un da aka jefa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=2020 Election - Akropong / Akuapem North Constituency Results |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/eastern/akropong_akuapem_north/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606104323/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/eastern/akropong_akuapem_north/ |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Zaɓen 2024 ===
Kafin zaɓen 2024 mai zuwa, '''Nana Ama Dokua''' ta bayyana a watan Disamba na 2023, aniyarta ta tsallaka mazaɓar domin tana da niyyar tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar dokoki ta mazaɓar Okaikwei ta Arewa a [[yankin Greater Accra]]. Kingsley Anyamasah ta shigar da ƙara a kanta a lokacin bikin baje kolin rajistar masu zaɓe da [[Hukumar Zabe ta Ghana|Hukumar Zaɓe ta Ghana]] ta shirya, wanda ya yi tambaya kan ko Nana Ama Dokua ta cancanci kaɗa ƙuri'a a Okaikwei ta Arewa. An yanke hukunci a kan shari'ar saboda kotu ta yi watsi da ƙarar da ke ƙalubalantar cancantar ta na kaɗa ƙuri'a a Okaikwei ta Arewa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-09-05 |title=Court dismisses petition challenging Dokua’s eligibility to vote in Okaikwei North |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/09/court-dismisses-petition-challenging-dokuas-eligibility-to-vote-in-okaikwei-north/ |access-date=2024-11-26 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kwamiti ===
Adjei memba ce ta Kwamitin Tsaro da Harkokin Cikin Gida. 

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Adjei ta auri Charles Cromwell Nanabanyin Bissue kuma suna da ɗa ɗaya da 'ya'ya mata biyu.   Ta bayyana a matsayin Kirista.  

== Taimakon jama'a ==
A watan Nuwamba a 2021, ta gabatar da kwamfutoci da kayan haɗi ga Makarantar Methodist ta Mangoase da ke mazaɓar Akuapim ta Arewa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Beeko |first=Nana |date=November 2021 |title=MP, Nana Ama Dokua supports Mangoase Methodist School with computers {{!}} News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/mp-nana-ama-dokua-supports-mangoase-methodist-school-with-computers/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Ghana news |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Mayun 2022, Adjei ta bayar da gudummawar GHc30,000 don gina babban fadar a Adawso. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=mybrytfmonline |date=2022-05-11 |title=E/R: Adawso Post Office to Be Converted Into Fire Service Station – MCE |url=https://mybrytfmonline.com/e-r-adawso-post-office-to-be-converted-into-fire-service-station-mce/ |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=Bryt FM |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Yulin 2022, ta taimaka wajen gyaran Asibitin Akropong Daakye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-07-26 |title=E/R: Hon. Nana Ama Dokua Asiamah-Adjei refurbishes Akropong Daakye clinic |url=https://koforiduatoday.com/2022/07/26/e-r-hon-nana-ama-dokua-asiamah-adjei-refurbishes-akropong-daakye-clinic/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127163421/https://koforiduatoday.com/2022/07/26/e-r-hon-nana-ama-dokua-asiamah-adjei-refurbishes-akropong-daakye-clinic/ |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Koforidua Today |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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  <page>
    <title>Nancy Reid</title>
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'''Nancy Margaret Reid''' OC FRS FRSC &lt;ref name=&quot;frs&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anon |year=2018 |title=Professor Nancy Reid OC FRS |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/nancy-reid-13836/ |website=royalsociety.org |publisher=[[Royal Society]]}} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{Blockquote|“All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].” --{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111170346/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/|title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies|date=2016-11-11}}}}&lt;/ref&gt; (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 1952 &lt;ref name=&quot;isi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Larry Riddle |title=Nancy Margaret Reid |url=http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/reid.htm |access-date=2011-01-28 |website=Biographies of Women Mathematicians |publisher=[[Agnes Scott College]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;) masanin lissafi ne na Kanada. Ita farfesa ce a Jami'ar Toronto inda take da kujerar Bincike ta Kanada a cikin Ka'idar Kididdiga .&lt;ref name=&quot;NAS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nancy M. Reid |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20038993.html |access-date=28 October 2021 |website=National Academy of Sciences}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2015 Reid ya zama Darakta na [[Canadian Institute for Statistical Sciences|Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kanada]].&lt;ref name=&quot;IMS&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CANSSI&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=CANSSI's Collaborating Centres Train Future Statisticians to Make Sense of Big Health Data |url=http://www.canssi.ca/news-events/canssis-collaborating-centres-train-future-statisticians-to-make-sense-of-big-health-data/ |access-date=28 October 2021 |website=CANSSI }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Reid ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi da Ƙungiyar Kididdiga ta Kanada . &lt;ref name=&quot;IMS&quot;/&gt; Ita ce co-edita na ''Binciken Shekara-shekara na Kididdiga da Aikace-aikacensa''.&lt;ref name=&quot;ARSA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Editor of the Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application - Volume 5, 2018 |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/db/directory?2018,statistics |access-date=28 October 2021 |website=Annual Reviews Directory}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 1992, Reid ya sami lambar yabo ta COPSS Shugabannin don gudummawa mai ban mamaki ga kididdiga. &lt;ref name=&quot;COPSS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=COPSS Presidents' Award |url=http://www-personal.umich.edu/~guojian/copss_winners.html |access-date=28 October 2021 |website=University of Michigan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita memba ce ta Royal Society, Royal Society na Edinburgh, da Royal Society of Canada; Associate na Ƙasashen Waje na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa; kuma Jami'in Order of Canada . &lt;ref name=&quot;Order&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Office of the Secretary to the Governor General |title=Dr. Nancy Margaret Reid |url=https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/146-11092 |access-date=28 October 2021 |website=The Governor General of Canada}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
An haifi Nancy Reid a St. Catharines, Ontario, [[Kanada]] . Ta yi karatun lissafi da kididdiga a Jami'ar Waterloo, inda ta sami B.Math a shekara ta 1974. Ta sami M.Sc. a Jami'ar British Columbia a 1976. A [[Jami'ar Stanford]] ta yi aiki tare da Rupert G. Miller, Jr., ta sami Ph.D. a shekarar 1979. Reid ya yi aiki na postdoctoral tare da David Cox a Kwalejin Imperial ta London daga 1979 zuwa 1980. &lt;ref name=&quot;IMS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 17, 2016 |title=Profile: Nancy Reid |url=https://imstat.org/2016/11/17/profile-nancy-reid/ |access-date=28 October 2021 |website=Institute of Mathematical Statistics}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;NAS&quot;/&gt;

== Ayyuka da bincike ==
Daga 1980 zuwa 1985, Reid ya kasance farfesa a Jami'ar British Columbia . Daga nan ta shiga Jami'ar Toronto kuma ta kasance a can tun daga lokacin, ta zama [[Farfesa|cikakken farfesa]] a shekarar 1988. &lt;ref name=&quot;isi&quot;/&gt;

Reid ita ce mace ta farko da ta rike kujerar bincike ta Kanada a cikin kididdiga. A matsayinsa na Shugaban Kwamitin Gudanar da Shirin Tsawon Lokaci don Lissafi da Kididdiga Reid ya tsara manufofin ƙasar Kanada a kan kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya haifar da kirkirar [[Canadian Institute for Statistical Sciences|Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kanada]] (CANSSI) a cikin 2012. Ta kasance Darakta na CANSSI tun 2015 . &lt;ref name=&quot;IMS&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CANSSI&quot;/&gt;

Reid yana nazarin tushe da kaddarorin hanyoyin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don gano yadda maganganun ƙididdiga zasu iya taƙaita bayanai masu rikitarwa daidai da yadda ya kamata.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAS&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nancy Reid, Toronto |url=http://www.utstat.utoronto.ca/reid/statement.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106033717/http://www.utstat.utoronto.ca/reid/statement.html |archive-date=2017-11-06 |access-date=2017-10-26 |website=www.utstat.utoronto.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Reid ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Edita na ''Jaridar Kanada ta kididdiga'' daga 1995 zuwa 1997 &lt;ref name=&quot;IMS&quot;/&gt; da kuma ''Binciken Shekara-shekara na Kididdiga da Aikace-aikacensa'' (2018-). &lt;ref name=&quot;ARSA&quot;/&gt; Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi (1996-1997), da kuma Cibiyar Nazari ta Kanada (2004-2005). &lt;ref name=&quot;IMS&quot;/&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da girmamawa ==
Reid ya lashe lambar yabo ta COPSS a shekarar 1992, [1] lambar yabo ta Krieger-Nelson a shekarar 1995, [2] lambar yabo ta Statistical Society of Canada [3] da Florence Nightingale David Award [4] a shekarar 2009, da kuma lambar yabo ta Distinguished Service Award a shekarar 2013.[5] An sanya ta Jami'in Order of Canada (wanda aka ba ta kyautar 2014, an saka hannun jari a shekarar 2015) &quot;don jagorancinta a fagen ƙididdigar ƙididdiga, wanda ya taimaka wajen sauƙaƙe yanke shawara game da manufofin jama'a. &quot;[6]

A cikin 2022, Reid ta lashe lambar yabo ta Guy a cikin Zinariya &quot;don aikinta na farko a kan ƙididdigar ƙididdigal mafi girma wanda ke ba da tushe don cire bayanai mafi kyau daga bayanai, kuma yana da tasiri mai yawa akan aikin nazarin bayanai. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Statistics news |title=Announcing our Honours recipients for 2022 |url=https://rss.org.uk/news-publication/news-publications/2022/general-news/announcing-our-honours-recipients-for-2022/ |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=Royal Statistical Society}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guy Medals 2022 |url=https://rss.org.uk/training-events/events/honours/guy-medal/ |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=RSS}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 1989 an zabe ta a matsayin Fellow na Ƙungiyar Ƙididdigar Amirka . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=View/Search Fellows of the ASA |url=http://www.amstat.org/awards/fellowslist.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616161612/https://www.amstat.org/awards/fellowslist.cfm |archive-date=2016-06-16 |access-date=2016-11-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; An zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society of Canada a shekara ta 2001.  Har ila yau, ita ce Fellow na Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Honored Fellows |url=http://www.imstat.org/awards/honored_fellows.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302125855/http://www.imstat.org/awards/honored_fellows.htm |archive-date=2014-03-02 |access-date=2017-11-24 |publisher=Institute of Mathematical Statistics}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2015 an zabe ta a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na Royal Society of Edinburgh,  kuma a shekara ta 2016 ta zama abokin tarayya na Amurka National Academy of Sciences. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 3, 2016 |title=National Academy of Sciences Members and Foreign Associates Elected |url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/may-3-2016-NAS-Election.html |access-date=2016-05-14 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]]}}.&lt;/ref&gt; An zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society (FRS) a shekarar 2018. &lt;ref name=&quot;frs&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Naomi Alderman</title>
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'''Naomi Alderman''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1974) marubuci ce ta Turanci, marubuciyar wasan, kuma mai gabatar da talabijin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Naomi Alderman |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4373281/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; An fi saninta da littafin almara na kimiyya mai suna The Power, wanda ya lashe Kyautar Mata don Fiction a shekarar 2017  kuma an daidaita shi ''Ikon'' jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Amazon Studios. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Power: Release date, cast and trailer for Prime Video sci-fi series |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/the-power-amazon-naomi-alderman-release-date/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=Radio Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
An haifi Alderman a Landan, 'yar Geoffrey Alderman, ƙwararren masani a tarihin Anglo-Yahudawa  wanda ya bayyana kansa a matsayin Bayahude na Orthodox.  Alderman ta yi karatu a makarantar sakandare ta South Hampstead da Kwalejin Lincoln, Oxford, inda ta karanta Falsafa, Siyasa da Tattalin Arziki. Bayan ta bar Oxford, ta yi aiki a cikin wallafe-wallafen yara sannan kuma a kamfanin lauya, tana gyara wallafe-finai. Ta ci gaba da karatun rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro a Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia kafin ta zama marubuciya. A shekara ta 2007, The Sunday Times ta ba ta suna Matashi Marubucin Shekara. A shekara ta 2007, an lasafta ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Marubutan 25 na Makomar Waterstones . 

A cikin 2012, an nada Alderman farfesa ta rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro a Jami'ar Bath Spa, Ingila. A cikin 2013, an haɗa ta a cikin ''Granta'' sau ɗaya a cikin jerin shekaru goma na matasa marubuta 20 mafi kyau. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive Access – Granta Magazine |url=http://www.granta.com/Archive/123 |access-date=20 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Naomi Alderman – Literature |url=https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/naomi-alderman |website=literature.britishcouncil.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana rubuta wani shafi na fasaha na kowane wata ga ''[[The Guardian]]'' .

Alderman ta zama mai ba da shawara ga mata a lokacin da take matashiya kuma tun daga lokacin da take goyon bayan 'yancin mata, wanda ya rinjayi ayyukanta. Ta bayyana a ''Ikon'' wata hira da ''[[New York Times]]'' ta 2018, &quot;Lokacin da nake matashi a cikin shekarun 1990, abu ne na yau da kullun tsakanin mata su ce an ci nasarar yaƙe-yaƙe na mata. Yanzu ina tsammanin yana da matukar tsoro cewa hakan ba haka ba ne. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;New York Times&quot; /&gt; Ta rubuta The Power don magance abubuwan da ƙungiyar mata ta huɗu ta yi kuma ta ambaci Too Me a matsayin wahayi da kuma tushen irin wannan tattaunawa.

== Ayyuka ==
Alderman itache jagorar marubuciyar Perplex City, wani madadin wasan gaskiya, a kamfanin Mind Candy . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 June 2007 |title=Presume not that I am the thing I was |url=http://naomialderman.typepad.com/my_weblog/2007/06/presume_not_tha.html |access-date=20 October 2017 |website=leaving the house}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ci gaba da zama babban marubuci a wasu aikace-aikace ciki har da Zombies, Run! da kuma The Walk.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Walk press kit |url=https://thewalkgame.com/presskit/presskit.html. |access-date=17 June 2020 |website=The Walk by Six to Start and Naomi Alderman}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2018 The Walk ya zama kwasfan fayiloli kuma an sake shi ta hanyar Panoply Media.

Littafinta na uku, The Liars' Gospel (Viking), tare da Yesu da aka nuna a matsayin mai wa'azi na Yahudawa Yehoshuah, an buga shi a cikin takarda a cikin 2012.  Da yake nazarin littafin, Shoshi Ish-Horowicz a cikin mujallar ''Renaissance na Yahudawa'' ya bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;mai nishaɗi, mai ban sha'awa&quot; amma ya sami labarin da ya fada &quot;marasa jin daɗi da matsala. Jin daɗin littafin zai dogara da yadda kuka amsa ga asalin cewa Yesu, mai yiwuwa, 'mai wa'azi ne mara kyau'&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jewish Renaissance&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ish-Horowicz, Shoshi |date=October 2012 |title=Books: The Liars' Gospel |journal=[[Jewish Renaissance]] |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=52}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa shi a ciki da kewayen Urushalima tsakanin Siege na Pompey (63 BC) da Siege na Titus na Urushalima (70), an ba da labarin a cikin manyan sassan huɗu daga hangen nesa na manyan adadi huɗu: [[Maryamu, mahaifiyar Yesu|Maryamu]], Yahuza Iskariyoti, Kayaphas da Barabbas .  Dukkanin litattafai guda uku an tsara su a BBC Radio 4's Book at Bedtime . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Leake |first=Mark |date=6 August 2015 |title=Naomi Alderman Mix 03 Writing Digital Keynote |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkdUimnK-wk |access-date=20 October 2017 |via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta rubuta labarin don The Winter House, wani ɗan gajeren labari na layi na kan layi wanda Jey Biddulph ya gani. BookTrust ne ya ba da aikin a matsayin wani ɓangare na kamfen ɗin Labari, wanda Majalisar Fasaha ta Ingila ta goyi bayan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Winter House |url=http://www.thewinterhouse.co.uk/ |access-date=20 October 2017 |website=thewinterhouse.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; An buga littafinta na Doctor Who Borrowed Time a watan Yunin shekara ta 2011. 

A cikin shekara ta 2012, Margaret Atwood ta zaɓi Alderman a matsayin mai karewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rolex Mentor da Protégé Arts Initiative, shirin taimakon jama'a na kasa da kasa wanda ke jagorantar masu sana'a a cikin darussan su tare da ƙwarewa masu tasowa na shekara guda na musayar kirkira ɗaya-da-ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rolex Mentor and Protégé Arts Initiative |url=http://www.rolexmentorprotege.com/pairing/2012-2013/margaret_atwood_and_naomi_alderman |access-date=20 October 2017 |website=Rolex Mentor and Protégé Arts Initiative: A year of mentoring }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Atwood da Alderman sun rubuta &quot;The Happy Zombie Sunrise Home&quot; kuma sun buga aikin a kan layi a kan Wattpad a shekarar 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Schinsky |first=Rebecca Joine |date=October 31, 2012 |title=The Happy Zombie Sunrise Home — An Excerpt of Margaret Atwood's Exclusive Wattpad Story |url=https://bookriot.com/the-happy-zombie-sunrise-home-an-excerpt-of-margaret-atwoods-exclusive-wattpad-story/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406232417/https://bookriot.com/the-happy-zombie-sunrise-home-an-excerpt-of-margaret-atwoods-exclusive-wattpad-story/ |archive-date=April 6, 2021 |access-date=April 6, 2021 |website=[[Book Riot]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Littafin Alderman na huɗu, The Power, an buga shi a cikin 2016. [1] Atwood ne ya sadaukar da Ikon kuma ya rinjayi shi.[2] The Power ta lashe Kyautar Mata don Fiction a shekarar 2017.[3] Alderman ta tabbatar da cewa ta sayar da haƙƙin The Power ga Sister Pictures, kamfanin da ya samar da Broadchurch, bayan ya sami tayin goma sha ɗaya. An samar da sauye-sauyen talabijin a matsayin abubuwa tara, wanda aka fara a ranar 31 ga Maris 2023 kuma aka kammala a ranar 12 ga Mayu 2023.

An zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society of Literature a shekarar 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-09-01 |title=Alderman, Naomi |url=https://rsliterature.org/fellows/naomi-alderman/,%20https://rsliterature.org/fellows/naomi-alderman/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=Royal Society of Literature |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nkiru Nzegwu</title>
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'''Nkiru Nzegwu''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1954) masanin falsafa ne na Najeriya, mai zane, marubuci, mai tsarawa kuma masanin tarihin fasaha. Ta sami BA da MA &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nkiru Nzegwu - Our Faculty {{!}} Africana Studies {{!}} Binghamton University |url=https://www.binghamton.edu/africana/faculty/profile.html?id=panap |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=Africana Studies - Binghamton University |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a Jami'ar Ife a Najeriya sannan daga baya ta sami PhD a falsafar &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nzegwu |first=Nkiru |date=August 20, 2020 |title=NKIRU NZEGWU CURRICULUM VITAE |url=https://www.binghamton.edu/africana/docs/cv/panap.cv.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; (1989) daga Jami'ar Ottawa a Ontario . A halin yanzu ita ce Farfesa mai daraja don Bincike a Jami'ar Jihar New York a Binghamton .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Coker |first=Eric |date=April 4, 2019 |title=Nkiru Nzegwu receives SUNY distinguished professorship - Binghamton News |url=https://www.binghamton.edu/news/story/1761/nkiru-nzegwu-receives-suny-distinguished-professorship |access-date=2 November 2023 |website=News - Binghamton University |publisher=Binghamton University State University of New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nkiru Nzegwu |url=https://www.buala.org/en/autor/nkiru-nzegwu |access-date=2 November 2023 |website=buala.org |publisher=Buala, open-access website for multiple voices from Africa, Brazil, Europe, and beyond. Launched in 2010 by Marta Lança |quote=Philosopher, art historian and the current chair of Africana Studies Department has taught for over ten years at State University of New York at Binghamton. Professor Nkiru Nzegwu introduced first-ever courses at Binghamton University such as Philosophy of Orisha Worship, Hip-Hop I and Hip-Hop II.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi da rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Nzegwu a Onitsha, Najeriya kuma ta ci gaba da karatu a Jami'ar Ife (yanzu [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]]) don karɓar BA da MA. Bayan kammala karatunta, ta koma Kanada don karatun falsafar kuma ta ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu a falsafar tare da mayar da hankali ga kyawawan abubuwa daga Jami'ar Ottawa . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

Ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga Fasahar Najeriya - Kindred Spirits (1996), wani shirin Smithsonian . &lt;ref&gt;{{YouTube|title=Nigerian Art - Kindred Spirits}}. Video duration 57m 57 s. Uploader VHS Ark, 2016. WETA-TV and the Smithsonian Institution, 1990. Executive producer Adrian Malone, producer: Caroll Parrott Blue, associate producers Kalindi Corens and Nkiry Nzegwu.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan falsafa da rayuwarsu ta baya ==
Lokacin da ta fara aiki a Jami'ar Jihar New York a Binghamton ta kasance a cikin sassan falsafa da tarihin fasaha inda ta sami duka ayyukanta a shekarar 1996. &lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nzegwu |first=Nkiru |date=August 2017 |title=Interview with Professor Nikiru Nzegwu |url=https://www.ds1525.tmddedicated.com/index.php/jap/article/view/3079 |journal=Journal on African Philosophy |issue=14 |via=African Knowledge Project }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya, ta koma aikinta na falsafar zuwa Nazarin Afirka. Bugu da ƙari, daga baya ta koma layin tarihin fasaha zuwa shirin digiri na Fassara da Al'adu (PIC) inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai tsarawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Ta koyar a Jami'ar Binghamton sama da shekaru ashirin da biyar inda ta ƙware a cikin karatun mata / Afirka, falsafar Afirka, da fasahar Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Wasu darussan da ta bayar sun hada da, 'Falsafar Orisha Addu',' 'Mata na Afirka da Feminism,' da 'Falsahar mulkin mallaka' sune darussan jami'a na farko a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] akan waɗannan batutuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt;

== Rubuce-rubuce game da tsarin iyali ==
A shekara ta 2006, Nzegwu ya rubuta wani littafi mai taken Family Matters: Feminist Concepts in African Philosophy of Culture,  wannan littafin ya binciki tsarin iyalai na Igbo da kuma ra'ayoyin mata da suka wanzu a cikinsu. A cikin littafin, tana nazarin iyalai na Afirka ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na haƙƙin ɗan adam na zamani da kuma buƙatar sake kimanta waɗannan ra'ayoyin gargajiya, la'akari da hukunce-hukuncen zamani da alƙalai suka yi wa mata waɗanda ke kira ga al'adu da fassarar al'adu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ta jaddada muhimmancin bambance-bambance tsakanin ra'ayoyin dangin Afirka da al'umma da suka samo asali daga ra'ayi na masanin ilimin ɗan adam na [[Daular Biritaniya|Birtaniya]], wanda ra'ayoyinsu suka bunkasa a cikin akidar mulkin mallaka saboda suna nuna iyalin Igbo kafin mulkin mallaka. Don kauce wa kuskuren wakilci ta ce karatunta sun kasance a cikin fahimtar yanayin siyasa da rarraba hakkoki da hakkoki a cikin iyalin Igbo.

Ta mayar da hankali ga yankin karatunta zuwa arewa maso yammacin Igboland, yankin da, kafin mulkin mallaka ba al'umma ce da ba ta da jinsi kuma ba ta da shugabanci.[1] Ta bayyana cewa iyalai a wannan yankin ba su mamaye ikon maza ba kuma ba manufar su kaɗai ba ce don biyan bukatun maza. Ta yi iƙirarin cewa mishaneri na Kirista na farko da masanin ilimin ɗan adam na mulkin mallaka sun kalli al'umma ta hanyar dabi'un shugabanci da na namiji waɗanda suka hada da ilimin Yammacin Turai.[1]

Ta yi imanin cewa matsalolin da ke tattare da jinsi a yanzu a cikin Afirka daga baya an gano su ne ga manufofin mulkin mallaka na Turai da kuma gina iyali na Afirka da kuma cewa Sarauniya Elizabeth II ce ta haifar da waɗannan matsalolin. Ta ce ra'ayin mutumin Afirka ya haifar da sanin shugabanci wanda ke ba da fifiko ga ra'ayin namiji. Ta haɗa asalin mata da aka sake bayyana a matsayin &quot;mace,&quot; kawai kuma matakin dogaro da su yana da alaƙa da manufofin mulkin mallaka da kuma nuna parelell.

== Babban wallafe-wallafen ==

* {{Cite journal |last=Nzegwu |first=Nkiru |date=1994 |title=Gender Equality in a Dual-Sex System: the Case of Onitsha |journal=Canadian Journal of Law &amp; Jurisprudence |volume=7, 199401 |page=73 |doi=10.1017/S0841820900002575 |issn=0841-8209 |oclc=8271677568}}
* ''Batutuwan da ke cikin Fasahar Afirka ta zamani.'' Binghamton: International Society for the Study of Africa [ISSA], 1998.  (editor) 
* ''Rubutun zamani: Multidimensionality a cikin Fasahar Najeriya'' Binghamton: ISSA, 1999.  (editor) 
* {{Cite journal |last=Nzegwu |first=Nkiru |date=2004 |title=The Epistemological Challenge of Motherhood to Patriliny |url=https://www.africaknowledgeproject.org/index.php/jenda/issue/view/9 |journal=JENdA: A Journal of Culture and African Women Studies |issue=5 |pages=1–18}}
* ''Matsalar Iyali: Ra'ayoyin Mata a Falsafar Al'adu ta Afirka'' . [Hasiya]
* ''Sabon Afirka da ke zaune a kasashen waje''. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2009.  (mai haɗin gwiwa, tare da Isidore Okpewho) 
* ''Mai Girma Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe: A Ten-Year Milestone'' . [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Afirka.  (editor) 
* ''Onitsha a Millennium: Kyauta, Tarihi da Canji'' . Endicott, NY: Africa Resource Press, 2013 (edita) 
* ''Sake tunani game da uwaye: Ra'ayoyin Afirka da Arewa''. Endicott, NY: Africa Resource Press, 2020 (haɗin edita, tare da Signe Arfred) 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Ofovwe Aig-Imoukhuede</title>
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'''Ofovwe Aig-Imoukhuede''' (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga Janairu 1970) yar Najeriya ce mai taimakon jama'a, lauya, kuma ma'aikaciyar banki.

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Ofovwe Aig-Imoukhuede a Legas, Najeriya, ɗan fari ga [[Fred Aghogho Brume|Fred Brume]] da [[Evelyn Oputu]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Between Aigboje Aig-Imoukhuede and Evelyn Oputu |url=https://widely92.rssing.com/chan-9329740/article882.html |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=widely92.rssing.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tana da digirin LLB daga Kwalejin King's London, digirin farko a fannin shari'a daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya, digirin MBA daga Jami'ar Cambridge, inda ta kasance ƙwararren Chevening Scholar da kuma digirin MSc a fannin Gudanar da Ci Gaba daga Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ajumobi |first=Kemi |date=2021-10-29 |title=Ofovwe Aig-Imoukhuede, Executive Vice-Chair, Aigboje Aig-Imoukhuede Foundation |url=https://businessday.ng/interview/women-in-business/article/ofovwe-aig-imoukhuede-executive-vice-chair-aigboje-aig-imoukhuede-foundation/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ofovwe AIG-IMOUKHUEDE |url=https://www.theafricaceoforum.com/forum-2024/en/intervenant/ofovwe-aig-imoukhuede/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=Africa CEO Forum 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Aig-Imoukhuede ta fara aikinta na banki a shekarar 1992 tare da Bankin Najeriya na Duniya (wanda yanzu ake kira Citibank Nigeria) sannan daga baya ta koma FBN (Merchant Bankers), Najeriya a shekarar 1994. Ta koma Citibank Nigeria a shekarar 2000 a matsayin Shugabar Rukunin Kasuwanci na Tallace-tallace da Talla ta Bankin.

Ta kafa Gidauniyar Aig-Imoukhuede tare da mijinta, Aigboje Aig-Imoukhuede, don inganta ayyukan gwamnati da kuma ƙara samun ingantaccen kiwon lafiya a Afirka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |date=2024-10-27 |title=Aig-Imoukhuede Foundation reaffirms commitment to public service excellence |url=https://punchng.com/aig-imoukhuede-foundation-reaffirms-commitment-to-public-service-excellence/ |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ibeh |first=Royal |date=2024-09-24 |title=Aig-Imoukhuede Foundation, PSHAN Revitalise 4 PHCs In Edo |url=https://leadership.ng/aig-imoukhuede-foundation-pshan-revitalise-4-phcs-in-edo/ |access-date=2024-11-14 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A matsayinta na Mataimakin Shugaba na Gidauniyar Aig-Imoukhuede, Aig-Imoukhuede tana da alhakin kula da dabarun da aiwatar da ayyukan Gidauniyar da shirye-shiryenta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2021-10-27 |title=Federal civil service, Aig-Imoukhuede Foundation partner on digitalisation |url=https://guardian.ng/news/federal-civil-service-aig-imoukhuede-foundation-partner-on-digitalisation/ |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anyagafu |first=Vera |date=2021-06-21 |title=Ofovwe speaks on ‘new normal’ public sector performance in Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/06/ofovwe-speaks-on-new-normal-public-sector-performance-in-nig/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayyukan agaji na Aig-Imoukhuede sun wuce Gidauniyar Aig-Imoukhuede. Tana aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugabar Hukumar Gidauniyar Ovie Brume, wata ƙungiya da ta himmatu wajen samar da shirye-shirye da ayyuka na ilimi ga yaran Najeriya marasa galihu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Board – Ovie Brume Foundation |url=https://oviebrumefoundation.org/en/board/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ofovwe Aig-Imoukhuede – African Philanthropy Forum |url=https://africanpf.org/speakers/ofovwe-aig-imoukhuede/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita kuma memba ce a Hukumar Ba da Shawara ta Ƙungiyar Afirka ta Jami'ar Oxford kuma Amintacce a Cibiyar Ba da Tallafi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=TFN Welcomes New Trustee {{!}} The Funding Network |url=https://www.thefundingnetwork.org.uk/news/tfn-welcomes-new-trustee |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=www.thefundingnetwork.org.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=May |first=Melanie |date=2020-10-02 |title=New Fundraising Director for Comic Relief, &amp; more mover news |url=https://fundraising.co.uk/2020/10/02/new-fundraising-director-for-comic-relief-more-mover-news/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=UK Fundraising |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori da Kyaututtuka ==
A bikin karrama mata masu tasowa na shekarar 2025, wanda aka gudanar a Cibiyar Taro ta Eko da ke Legas, an karrama Ofovwe a matsayin daya daga cikin mata masu tasowa a Najeriya. [1] [2]

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ofovwe ta auri Aigboje Aig-Imoukhuede kuma suna da 'ya'ya huɗu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aigboje Aig-Imoukhuede - Chairman |url=https://coronation.ng/institutional/about-us/coronation-capital/aigboje-aig-imoukhuede-chairman/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=coronation.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=User Profile |url=https://agln.aspeninstitute.org/profile/2433 |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=AGLN - Aspen Global Leadership Network |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]]</text>
      <sha1>m6m9gstczxl6h6s8cz86aewc3hodo0x</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Morenike Molehin</title>
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'''Morenike Molehin''' (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1989) 'yar kasuwa ce kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan jarida a Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mix |first=Pulse |date=2023-08-10 |title=Next Generation of Female Leaders: Junior Achievement Nigeria, Union Bank host 22nd LEAD Camp featuring Morenike Molehin, Vanessa Ojekwe, Simi and others |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/next-generation-of-female-leaders-junior-achievement-nigeria-union-bank-host-22nd/j86mdxg |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Akinyemi |first=Bioluwatife |date=2023-11-02 |title=The RoundTable event with Morenike Molehin gears up for its second edition |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/the-roundtable-event-gears-up-for-its-second-edition/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce ta kafa Oak da Teak kuma ita ce ta shirya taron GWR. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=''Every Woman in business needs a support system'' 5 Things we learnt from Morenike Molehin's Lady Boss Interview. – Leading Ladies Africa |url=https://leadingladiesafrica.org/every-woman-business-needs-support-system-5-things-learnt-morenike-molehins-lady-boss-interview/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;  A shekarar 2023, ta lashe [[Kyautar ELOY|kyaututtukan ELOY]] don 'Yan kasuwa na Shekara.

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An haifi Morenike Molehin a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1989, a Ijebu-Ode, Jihar Ogun, Najeriya, ga Bolajoko Abiodun da Olubunmi Ganiat Odutola, a matsayin babbar 'yar'uwa a cikin 'yan'uwa uku. Molehin ta fara karatunta na asali a Makarantar Nursery and Primary School ta St. Anthony, sannan ta sami karatun sakandare daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Dansol. [1]

A shekarar 2009, ta sami digirin farko a fannin Lissafin Masana'antu daga [[Jami'ar Covenant University|Jami'ar Covenant]], Ota, Najeriya, daga baya kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Lissafin Kuɗi da Lissafi daga Jami'ar Leicester, Burtaniya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onoja |first=Simeon |date=2021-06-08 |title=Meet Morenike Molehin, Nigeria's fast-rising Interior Design Queen |url=https://businesselitesafrica.com/2021/06/08/morenike-molehin-founder-and-ceo-of-oak-and-teak/ |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=Business Elites Africa |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tv |first=Bn |date=2023-05-27 |title=Morenike Molehin joins Omon Odike on “Omon's Couch” |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2023/05/morenike-molehin-on-omons-couch/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website= |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tsakanin 2009 da 2010, Morenike Molehin ta yi aiki a Exxon Mobil. A shekarar 2012, ta zama Manajan Darakta a Kamfanin Newer Heights Limited a shekarar 2013, inda ta yi aiki har zuwa 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=I Have Been Inspired To Do More By The Things That Made Me Fail - Morenike Molehin |url=https://www.spreaker.com/episode/i-have-been-inspired-to-do-more-by-the-things-that-made-me-fail-morenike-molehin--36375456 |access-date=2024-04-10 |website= |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2013, Molehin ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da sha'awarta ta kuma kafa kamfanin ƙirar cikin gida nata mai suna &quot;Oak and Teak&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-12-23 |title=Biography of Morenike Molehin |url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/morenike-molehin/ |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2017, ta bar aikinta na Manajan Darakta don mai da hankali kan kamfaninta na cikakken lokaci. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Kyaututtuka ==
A shekarar 2024, Mujallar Gabi ta ambaci Molehin a cikin Manyan Mata 100 na Afirka, Masu Aiki a Afirka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-11 |title=GABI RELEASES 2024 LIST OF THE TOP 100 WOMEN IN AFRICA • GABI |url=https://gabimag.com/gabi-releases-2024-list-of-the-top-100-women-in-africa/ |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=gabimag.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519003257/https://gabimag.com/gabi-releases-2024-list-of-the-top-100-women-in-africa/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2023, ta lashe kyautar [[Kyautar ELOY|Eloy Awards]] ga 'Yan Kasuwa na shekarar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Enyinnia |first=Chigozirim |date=2023-12-03 |title=Meet women who cliched the 2023 ELOY Awards |url=https://businessday.ng/bd-weekender/article/meet-women-who-cliched-the-2023-eloy-awards/ |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-12-30 |title=ELOY Awards honours resilient women across sectors |url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/eloy-awards-honours-resilient-women-across-sectors/ |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wannan shekarar, an saka ta cikin Manyan Mata 100 da suka fi kwarin gwiwa a Najeriya kan Jagorancin Mata a Afirka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=#IWD2023: Ibukun Awosika, Mary Njoku, Morenike Molehin, Yewande Zaccheaus, and more! Nigeria’s 100 Most Inspiring Women 2023! |url=https://leadingladiesafrica.org/nigerias-100-most-inspiring-women-2023/ |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=Leading Ladies Africa |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Morenike Molehin ta auri Abayomi Oluwaseun Molehin a watan Agusta 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sesan |date=2019-07-12 |title=My marriage...MORENIKE MOLEHIN |url=https://punchng.com/my-marriage-morenike-molehin/ |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tare, suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu: Oluwashindara Adaora, wanda aka haifa a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2012, da Oluwadabira Somtochukwu, an haife shi ranar 12 ga Janairu, 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-07-09 |title=Morenike Molehin: 'Endeavour to marry a man that will allow you fulfill your aspirations' |url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/morenike-molehin-endeavour-to-marry-a-man-that-will-allow-you-fulfill-your-aspirations/ |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Natalia Esquivel</title>
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'''Natalia Esquivel Benítez''' (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba 1973 a [[San José|San Jose]]) mawaƙiya ce ta Costa Rican, mawaƙiya, mawaƙan mawaƙan, marubuci, mawaƙi, mai murya kuma masanin ilimin kiɗa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Natalia Esquivel Benítez |url=https://si.cultura.cr/personas/natalia-esquivel-benitez |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=Sistema de Información Cultural |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Esquivel ta yi karatun ilimin kiɗa a Jami'ar Kasa ta Costa Rica; ta ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu a Jami'an Indiana ta Pennsylvania . 

Esquivel ya kasance yana inganta ci gaban karatu da kiɗa ga yara, tare da manufar &quot;kiɗa&quot; da Christopher Small ya gabatar; ana ɗaukar kiɗa a matsayin tsari don taimakawa wajen gina ilmantarwa da haɓaka ƙwarewar ɗalibi, gami da ci gaban ƙwarewar da ake buƙata a rayuwarsu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 March 2024 |title=Educators trained to promote reading through music |url=https://www.mep.go.cr/noticias/docentes-se-capacitan-fomentar-lectura-medio-musica?page=93 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=Ministry of Public Education |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tattaunawar kiɗa, da hukumomin addini ke tallafawa, sun kafa misali na gida a wannan batun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Castillo Vindas |first=Luis Fernando |year=2017 |title=Arte, política, cultura: elementos para una teoría crítica del Sistema Nacional de Educación Musical |url=http://repositorio.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7181/1/42845.pdf |access-date=4 July 2024 |website=[[Universidad de Costa Rica]] |pages=171–172 |language=es }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani tasiri mai ma'ana a cikin aikinta shine Orff Schulwerk na Jamus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=De la Schulwerk a los Carmina Burana: Carl Orff, una música de fuertes resonancias |url=https://www.revistamitt.com.mx/mitt-articulo.asp?notid=15 |access-date=4 July 2024 |website=Revista Mitt |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Esquivel ya kasance mai zane-zane tare da mawakiyar kiɗa ta zamantakewa ta Mutanen Espanya Marta Lozano Molano, yana gudanar da aikin kiɗa don yankunan karkara da al'ummomi a ƙarƙashin haɗarin zamantakewa; waƙoƙinsa 17 suna gayyatar yin tunani game da dabi'un muhalli da zamantakewa, bisa ga Manufofin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 17.[1]

=== Hanyar da ake amfani da ita ===
Ayyukanta na kiɗa sun samo asali ne daga aikin Billy Joel, Ana Belén, Silvio Rodríguez, Pablo Milanés, da Violeta Parra, da sauransu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 August 2000 |title=A voice of her own |url=https://www.nacion.com/archivo/una-voz-muy-propia/S25SX3GZFNDIDKHXNUQHL6MKXQ/story/ |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=[[La Nación (Costa Rica)|La Nación]] |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan da aka zaɓa ==

* Arrullos de sol y mar (Clubdelibros, 2015; 2nd ed. 2021) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jarquín |first=Carlos Javier |author-link=Carlos Javier Jarquin |date=3 July 2021 |title=Mía Esquivel es una niña prodigiosa |url=https://www.laprensani.com/2021/07/03/opinion/2845998-mia-esquivel-es-una-nina-prodigiosa |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=[[La Prensa (Managua)|La Prensa]] |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Waƙoƙi ga yara masu zuwa makaranta'' (EUNED, 2017) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Música para el niño preescolar |url=https://editorial.uned.ac.cr/book/U08499 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=Editorial de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia |language=es }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Nana na wata'' (Ocarina, 2020) 
* Andamios na ruwan sama (Poiesis Ediciones, 2021) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 September 2022 |title=Presentation of ''Andamios de lluvia'' |url=https://www.mcj.go.cr/agenda/presentacion-del-libro-andamios-de-lluvia-de-natalia-esquivel-biblioteca-nacional |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=Ministry of Culture and Youth |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Retana |first=Edmundo |date=10 May 2022 |title=Un largo sueño fluvial y translúcido |url=https://semanariouniversidad.com/suplementos/loslibros/un-largo-sueno-fluvial-y-translucido/ |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=Semanario Universidad |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Waƙar duniya: 'yan uwantaka a Duniya. Volume I (masu rubuce-rubuce daban-daban, ed. Carlos Javier Jarquín). Littafin Antology. Costa Rica: H.C. Editoci, 2023.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nina Albert</title>
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'''Nina M. Albert''' 'yar Amurka ce mai tsara birane, wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin mukaddashin mataimakiyar magajin gari kan tsare-tsare da ci gaban tattalin arziki na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] tun daga shekarar 2023. Ta kasance kwamishinar Hukumar Gine-ginen Jama'a daga 2021 zuwa 2023.

== Rayuwa ==
Albert ta sami digirin farko a fannin Injiniyan Injiniya daga Jami'ar Tufts . [1] Ta sami digirin Master a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci da kuma digirin Master a fannin Tsarin Birni da Yankuna daga Jami'ar North Carolina da ke Chapel Hill . [1]

Albert ta yi aiki a matsayin laftanar farko kuma Jami'ar Gudanarwa ta Kamfanin Signal Corps na Amurka .  Ta yi aiki a fannin raba kadarorin gwamnati, tattaunawar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu, farfaɗo da tattalin arziki, da ci gaba mai ɗorewa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; A ƙarshen shekarun 2000, Albert ta yi aiki a matsayin manajan shirin Anacostia Waterfront inda ta kula da aikin sake ginawa na dala biliyan 1.3 a Washington DC, gami da shirin farfaɗo da ruwa mai fadin eka 2,800. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;  Yayin da take aiki a Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Muhalli ta Gundumar, Albert ta jagoranci ƙira da haɓaka shirin samar da kuɗi na dala miliyan 250 wanda ya shafi masu kadarorin kasuwanci da na iyali da yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Albert ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar gidaje da wuraren ajiye motoci a Hukumar Sufuri ta Yankin Birnin Washington (WMATA), inda ta gudanar da fayil ɗin gidaje na dala biliyan da yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

A shekarar 2021, an naɗa ta kwamishinar Hukumar Gine-ginen Jama'a (PBS). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Carol |date=2021-07-07 |title=GSA Names Nina Albert Public Buildings Service Commissioner |url=https://executivegov.com/2021/07/gsa-names-nina-albert-public-buildings-service-commissioner/ |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Executive Gov |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kula da harkokin kula da kadarorin ƙasa, ƙira, gini, hayar gidaje, gudanar da gine-gine da kuma zubar da kimanin murabba'in ƙafa miliyan 371 na sararin mallakar gwamnati da haya a faɗin Amurka da yankuna shida.  Albert ta yanke shawara ta ƙarshe ta zaɓi Greenbelt, Maryland a matsayin wurin da za a gina hedikwatar [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|FBI]] ta gaba.  Shawarar Albert ta yi watsi da shawarar da aka bayar daga kwamitin da ya ƙunshi jami'an GSA da FBI na aiki, wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa Springfield, Virginia ya kamata ta zama wurin da za a gina hedikwatar FBI ta gaba. Daraktan FBI Christopher Wray ya rubuta imel na ciki ga ma'aikatan FBI yana nuna damuwa cewa tsarin ya gurɓata da &quot;rikicin sha'awa&quot; na Albert a matsayin tsohon mataimakin shugaban WMATA, wanda zai amfana daga ƙarin masu hawa a tasha ta Greenbelt. &lt;ref name=&quot;wapo-fbi&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-09 |title=FBI head cites a 'potential conflict of interest' in the selection process for a new headquarters |url=https://wtop.com/government/2023/11/fbi-head-cites-a-potential-conflict-of-interest-in-the-selection-process-for-a-new-headquarters/ |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=WTOP News |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanatocin Virginia Mark Warner da Tim Kaine, tare da Gwamnan Virginia Glenn Youngkin da kuma mambobi takwas na tawagar majalisar dokokin jihar, sun bayyana cewa tsarin zaben &quot;ya lalace kuma ya lalace ba tare da wata matsala ba&quot; kuma sun yi kira da a sauya shawarar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-09 |title=Statement of Virginia Leaders on Selection Process for New FBI HQ {{!}} U.S. Senator Tim Kaine of Virginia |url=https://www.kaine.senate.gov/press-releases/statement-of-virginia-leaders-on-selection-process-for-new-fbi-hq |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=www.kaine.senate.gov |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masu goyon bayan shawarar, ciki har da Gwamnan Maryland Wes Moore da tsohon Shugaban Masu Rinjaye na Majalisar Steny Hoyer, tare da Shugaban GSA Robin Carnahan, sun kare sakamakon, kuma GSA ta buga wata takardar sanarwa mai shafuka shida da ke mayar da martani ga damuwar Wray, yayin da kuma suka lura cewa kwamitin da ke cikin GSA ya ba da shawarar wurin Greenbelt gaba ɗaya kuma ya ƙi wurin Springfield. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=Amid fierce criticism, GSA defends and Md. leaders celebrate Greenbelt FBI HQ choice |url=https://wtop.com/prince-georges-county/2023/11/gsa-defends-greenbelt-decision-posts-letter-and-memos-addressing-complaints/ |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=WTOP News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A shekarar 2023, magajin garin Muriel Bowser ta naɗa Albert a matsayin mukaddashin mataimakin magajin gari na tsare-tsare da ci gaban tattalin arziki na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mayor Bowser Announces Key Appointments {{!}} mayormb |url=https://mayor.dc.gov/release/mayor-bowser-announces-key-appointments-10a |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=mayor.dc.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta maye gurbin [[John Falcicchio]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Neilia Hunter Biden</title>
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{{Databox}}

Neilia Hunter Biden (née Hunter; 28 ga Yuli, 1942 - 18 ga Disamba, 1972) malamar Amurka ce kuma matar farko ta Joe Biden, wacce daga baya ta zama shugaban Amurka na 46. Ta mutu a hadarin mota tare da 'yarsu mai shekara guda, Naomi; 'ya'yansu maza biyu, Beau da Hunter, sun ji rauni amma sun tsira daga lamarin. Mutuwarta ta faru ne makonni shida bayan zaben mijinta a Majalisar Dattijan Amurka.

== Rayuwa ta farko da aiki ==
An haifi Neilia Hunter a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1942, a Skaneateles, New York, ga Louise (née Basel; 1916-1993) da Robert Hunter (1914-1991), wadanda suka kasance Presbyterians. Neilia tana da 'yan'uwa biyu, John da Michael (1950-2023). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Obituary of Michael Edward Hunter |url=https://langhamfuneralhomellc.com/tribute/details/415/Michael-Hunter/obituary.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201113012/https://langhamfuneralhomellc.com/tribute/details/415/Michael-Hunter/obituary.html |archive-date=February 1, 2023 |access-date=May 31, 2024 |website=Langham Funeral Home}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta halarci Penn Hall, makarantar kwana ta biyu a Chambersburg, Pennsylvania . Ta kasance mai aiki a kulob din Faransa na makarantar, wasan hockey, yin iyo da kuma Majalisar dalibai. Bayan makarantar sakandare, ta halarci Jami'ar Syracuse kuma ta kasance malamar makaranta a Gundumar Makarantar Syracuse City .  &lt;ref name=&quot;NHJBNJ&quot; /&gt; Ta kasance malamar Ingilishi a Makarantar Bellevue da ke Syracuse, New York.  &lt;ref name=&quot;The One D.O.&quot; /&gt; Ta kasance dan uwan tsohon wakilin garin Auburn Robert Hunter . 

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
[[Fayil:Neilia_Hunter,_Joe,_Hunter,_Naomi_Christina,_and_Beau_Biden,_c._1972_(removed_text).jpg|thumb|The Biden family {{Circa|1972}}, (clockwise from top left): Neilia, Joe, Hunter, Beau, Naomi]]
Neilia Hunter ta sadu da [[Joe Biden]] a [[Nassau|Nassau, Bahamas]], yayin da suke cikin hutun bazara. Ba da daɗewa ba, Biden ta koma Syracuse don kusantar da ita kuma ta halarci makarantar lauya. Ma'auratan sun yi aure a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, 1966. Bayan Biden ya kammala karatu daga makarantar shari'a, ma'auratan sun koma Wilmington, Delaware, inda yake a Majalisar New Castle County. Suna da 'ya'ya uku: Joseph Robinette &quot;Beau&quot; III, Robert Hunter da Naomi Christina (&quot;Amy&quot;). 

Yayinda Biden ke kamfen don kawar da Sanata na Delaware na Amurka J. Caleb Boggs, Jaridar News Journal ta bayyana Neilia a matsayin &quot;ƙwaƙwalwa&quot; na kamfen dinsa.

== Mutuwa ==
A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, 1972, jim kadan bayan Joe ya zama sanata na Amurka, Neilia tana tuki tare da 'ya'yanta uku zuwa yamma tare da hanyar Valley Road a Hockessin, Delaware. A tsakiya tare da Delaware Route 7 (Limestone Road), motarsu ta fice a gaban wata motar Tractor-trailer da ke tafiya arewa tare da Route 7 kuma ta buge ta. 'Yan sanda sun tabbatar da cewa Neilia ta shiga cikin hanyar tractor-trailer.&lt;ref name=&quot;biography&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ott |first=Tim |date=June 11, 2024 |orig-date=September 28, 2020 |title=Joe Biden: The Heartbreaking Car Accident that Killed His Wife and Daughter |url=https://www.biography.com/news/joe-biden-first-wife-daughter-car-accident-story |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205053437/https://www.biography.com/political-figures/joe-biden-first-wife-daughter-car-accident-story |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |access-date=October 28, 2020 |website=[[Biography (TV program)|Biography]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hamilton |first=Carl |date=October 30, 2008 |title=Daughter of man in '72 Biden crash seeks apology from widowed Senator |url=https://www.newarkpostonline.com/news/local/daughter-of-man-in-72-biden-crash-seeks-apology-from-widowed-senator/article_6c9a477e-63be-561b-b771-1330b4cda02d.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204160726/https://www.newarkpostonline.com/news/local/daughter-of-man-in-72-biden-crash-seeks-apology-from-widowed-senator/article_6c9a477e-63be-561b-b771-1330b4cda02d.html |archive-date=February 4, 2021 |website=Newark Post}}&lt;/ref&gt; Direban motar, wanda aka gano a matsayin Curtis C. Dunn, mai shekaru 47, na Avondale, Pennsylvania, ya tsere ba tare da wani babban rauni ba (ya mutu a 1999). Dukkanin mutane huɗu da ke cikin motar Biden an kai su asibitin Wilmington, inda aka sanar da mutuwar Neilia da Naomi lokacin da suka isa. Beau mai shekaru uku da Hunter mai shekaru biyu an yi musu magani saboda raunin da ba na barazana ga rayuwa ba, Beau tare da karyewar kafa da sauran raunuka, kuma Hunter tare da karamin karyewar kwanyar da sauran raunin kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Jules Witcover}}&lt;/ref&gt; Makonni biyu bayan hadarin, an rantsar da Joe a cikin Majalisar Dattijai a asibiti inda ake kula da 'ya'yansa maza biyu. An binne Neilia da Naomi a St. Joseph a Kabari na Brandywine a Greenville, Delaware.&amp;nbsp;

== Kyauta ==
A cikin jawabin gabatarwa a Jami'ar Yale a shekarar 2015, Joe Biden, wanda ke aiki a matsayin Mataimakin shugaban Amurka a cikin gwamnatin da [[Barack Obama]] ke jagoranta, ya yi magana game da matarsa, yana cewa, &quot;Ƙaunar da nake da ita da 'ya'yana ita ce kyautar da ban tabbata ba, da ban shiga cikin abin da na shiga ba [bayan hadarin da ya faru]. Amma ta hanyar mai da hankali kan'yana, na sami fansa.

An sadaukar da ita a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarta, Neilia Hunter Biden Park tana cikin wani yanki na New Castle County, Delaware . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Neilia Hunter Biden Park |url=https://foursquare.com/v/neilia-hunter-biden-park/4d5d705e9ac9a0931b6a7b94 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728054744/https://foursquare.com/v/neilia-hunter-biden-park/4d5d705e9ac9a0931b6a7b94 |archive-date=July 28, 2020 |access-date=July 28, 2020 |website=Foursquare City Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwalejin Al'umma ta Cayuga a Auburn, New York, inda mahaifin Neilia ya gudanar da aikin sabis na abinci na shekaru da yawa, a kowace shekara yana ba da kyautar Neilia Hunter Biden ga masu digiri biyu - ana ba da ɗaya don [[Journalism|aikin jarida]] ɗayan kuma don wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 23, 2020 |title=Ormie King: The Joe Biden Auburn met 48 years ago |url=https://auburnpub.com/news/local/ormie-king-the-joe-biden-auburn-met-48-years-ago/article_b714b01f-c806-5c6a-a46a-070ce87e1060.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130165824/https://auburnpub.com/news/local/ormie-king-the-joe-biden-auburn-met-48-years-ago/article_b714b01f-c806-5c6a-a46a-070ce87e1060.html |archive-date=January 30, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga cikin wadanda suka lashe gasar farko shine William &quot;Bill&quot; Fulton, wanda daga baya ya zama magajin gari na Ventura, California.

An kafa takardar tunawa a makarantar firamare ta Bellevue a Syracuse don tunawa da Neilia.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/103395259/neilia-biden Neilia Hunter Biden] a Find a GraveNeman Kabari
* [https://www.digibiography.com/neilia-hunter/ Neilia Hunter]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{Joe Biden}}{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nancy Reagan</title>
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{{Databox}}

Nancy Davis Reagan (an haife ta Anne Frances Robbins; 6 ga Yuli, 1921 - 6 ga Maris, 2016) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka wacce ta kasance Uwargidan shugaban Amurka daga 1981 zuwa 1989.[lower-alpha 1] Ita ce matar ta biyu ta Ronald Reagan, shugaban Amurka na 40.

An haifi Reagan a Birnin New York. Bayan iyayenta sun rabu, ta zauna a Maryland tare da kawunta da kawunta na tsawon shekaru shida. Lokacin da mahaifiyarta ta sake yin aure a 1929, sai ta koma Chicago kuma mijinta na biyu ya karbe ta. A matsayinta na Nancy Davis, ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Hollywood a cikin shekarun 1940 da 1950, tana fitowa a fina-finai kamar The Next Voice You Hear... , Dare zuwa Safiya, da kuma kwakwalwar Donovan. A shekara ta 1952, ta auri Ronald Reagan, wanda a lokacin shi ne shugaban kungiyar Screen Actors Guild. Yana da 'ya'ya biyu daga aurensa na baya ga Jane Wyman, [1] kuma shi da Nancy suna da' ya'ya biyu tare. Nancy Reagan ita ce uwargidan California lokacin da mijinta ya kasance gwamna daga 1967 zuwa 1975, kuma ta fara aiki tare da Shirin Tsofaffi na Foster .

Reagan ta zama Uwargidan Shugaban Amurka a watan Janairun 1981, bayan nasarar mijinta a Zaben shugaban kasa na 1980. Da farko a cikin wa'adinsa na farko, an soki ta musamman saboda yanke shawara don maye gurbin Fadar White House, wanda aka biya ta hanyar gudummawa masu zaman kansu, da kuma karɓar tufafi kyauta daga masu zanen kayan ado. Ta goyi bayan adawa da Amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi na nishaɗi lokacin da ta kafa kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a game da miyagun kwayoyi &quot;Just Say No&quot;, an yi la'akari da babban aikinta a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban kasa, kodayake ta sami zargi mai yawa don nuna rashin amincewa da al'ummomin matalauta da cutar crack ta shafa. Ƙarin tattaunawa game da rawar da ta taka ya biyo baya bayan wahayi na 1988 cewa ta tuntubi wani masanin taurari don taimakawa wajen tsara jadawalin shugaban bayan yunkurin kisan mijinta a 1981. Gabaɗaya tana da tasiri mai ƙarfi ga mijinta kuma ta taka rawa a cikin wasu ma'aikatansa da yanke shawara na diflomasiyya.

Ma'auratan sun koma gidansu a Bel Air, Los Angeles, California, bayan sun bar Fadar White House. Reagan ta ba da mafi yawan lokacinta don kula da mijinta, wanda aka gano yana da [[Cutar Alzheimer]] a shekarar 1994, har zuwa mutuwarsa yana da shekaru 93 a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 2004. Reagan ta ci gaba da aiki a cikin Reagan Library da kuma siyasa, musamman don tallafawa binciken ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwa, har zuwa mutuwarta daga gazawar zuciya a shekara 94 a cikin 2016. Ta sami babban amincewa a rayuwarta ta baya saboda sadaukarwarta ga mijinta a cikin rashin lafiyarsa ta ƙarshe.

 
== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Anne Frances Robbins a Manhattan a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 1921, amma a duk rayuwarta ta gaya wa wasu cewa an haife ta a 1923.{{Sfn|Benze|1996}} Iyayenta sun yi amfani da mai sayar da mota Kenneth Robbins da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Edith Luckett.{{Sfn|Benze|1996}}{{Sfn|Boller|1988}} Yar wasan kwaikwayo Alla Nazimova ita ce mahaifiyarta.{{Sfn|Hendricks|2015}} An ba ta suna Anne bayan kakarta, amma mahaifiyarta ta kira ta &quot;Nancy&quot; har sai wannan ya zama sunan da aka san ta da shi.{{Sfn|Benze|1996}}{{Sfn|Boller|1988}} Robbins ta rayu shekaru biyu na farko a Flushing, wani unguwa a Queens, a cikin wani gida mai hawa biyu a kan Roosevelt Avenue tsakanin tituna 149 da 150. 

Iyayen Robbins sun rabu a 1923 lokacin da mahaifiyarta ta yanke shawarar komawa wasan kwaikwayo kuma ma'auratan ba su iya yarda da inda za su zauna ba.{{Sfn|Benze|1996}} Mahaifinta ya cire kansa daga rayuwarta, kuma mahaifiyarta ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo.{{Sfn|Boller|1988}} An sanya Robbins tare da 'yar'uwar mahaifiyarta, Virginia Galbraith, a Bethesda, Maryland, tare da kawunta da dan uwanta.{{Sfn|Schneider|Schneider|2010}} Ta halarci Sidwell Friends School a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]].{{Sfn|Hendricks|2015}} Robbins ta rasa mahaifiyarta yayin da take zaune tare da kawunta, kuma sun yi tafiye-tafiye zuwa New York don ta ga mahaifiyarta ta yi a kan mataki.{{Sfn|Benze|1996}} Ta yi koyi da mahaifiyarta ta hanyar sanya kayan shafawa da kuma yin kamar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce.{{Sfn|Boller|1988}} Iyayen Robbins sun kammala saki a shekarar 1928.{{Sfn|Schneider|Schneider|2010}} Binciken rayuwarta daga baya ya mayar da hankali kan wannan yanayin iyali mara daidaituwa a matsayin dalilin da ya sa ta gudanar da aure a matsayin burin rayuwa.  {{Sfn|Caroli|2010}}{{Sfn|Roberts|2016}}{{Sfn|Benze|1996}}

Mahaifiyar Robbins ta sake yin aure a 1929, ta ba ta mahaifinta yana da shekaru bakwai. Loyal Davis likita ce ta kwakwalwa, kuma iyalin suka koma Chicago tare inda ta kafa kyakkyawar dangantaka da mahaifinta.  {{Sfn|Boller|1988}}{{Sfn|Schneider|Schneider|2010}} Kullum za ta kira shi mahaifinta. Har ila yau, tana da ɗan'uwa amma ba ta haɓaka kyakkyawar dangantaka da shi ba.{{Sfn|Benze|1996}} Ta halarci Makarantar 'yan mata ta Latin a Birnin Chicago, inda ta shiga cikin Drama Club,  wasan hockey, da gwamnatin dalibai.{{Sfn|Boller|1988}} A cikin babban shekarunta, tana da rawar gani a wasan kwaikwayo na makarantar First Lady . {{Sfn|Benze|1996}}

Kasancewa da likitan kwakwalwa mai arziki a matsayin uba yana nufin ƙuruciya mai kyau inda Robbins ya rayu fiye da yadda yawancin Amurkawa ke rayuwa, kuma iyalin suka taru a cikin manyan al'umma.{{Sfn|Boller|1988}} Ayyukan mahaifiyarta sun kuma nuna cewa Robbins yana da hulɗa na yau da kullun tare da sanannun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullum, musamman tare da abokan danginsu Katharine Hepburn, Walter Huston, da Spencer Tracy.{{Sfn|Roberts|2016}}{{Sfn|Benze|1996}} Bangaskiyar mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ta mahaifinta ta kasance mai tasiri sosai a kan siyasarta.{{Sfn|Benze|1996}}

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
 
A matsayinta na Nancy Davis, ta kuma fito da talabijin da yawa daga 1953 zuwa 1962, a matsayin baƙo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo ko sassan jerin tarihin. Wadannan sun hada da ''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ford'' Television (bayyanar farko tare da Ronald Reagan ya zo ne a lokacin wani labari na 1953 mai taken &quot;An haife shi na farko&quot;), Schlitz Playhouse of Stars, gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya Zane Grey na Dick Powell (ya bayyana tare da Ronald Reich a cikin shirin 1961 &quot;The Long Shadow&quot;), Wagon Train, The Tall Man, da Janar Electric Theater (wanda Ronald Reagan ya shirya).

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bayanan littattafai ==

*  
*  
* {{Cite book|last3=H. W. Brands}}
* {{Cite book|last3=Betty Boyd Caroli}}
*  
*  
*  

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

*  
*  
*  
* {{Cite book|last3=Michael Beschloss}}
*  
*  
* {{Cite book|last3=Lou Cannon}}
* {{Cite book|last3=Michael Deaver}}
* Littattafan Gale. &quot;Nancy Reagan&quot; a cikin Gale Literature: Mawallafa na zamani (Gale, 2016) [https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/H1000081481/GPS?u=wikipedia&amp;sid=GPS&amp;xid=83770ddb kan layi]
*  
*  
* Ɗan ƙaramin bayani, Laurence ''Make-Believe: Labarin Nancy da Ronald Reagan'' (Harper, 1983).
*  
*  
*  
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] &quot;Nancy Reagan a cikin ghetto. A sararin samaniya a matsayin matsakanci tsakanin tsari da taron. &quot; InterDisciplines. Jaridar Tarihi da Ilimin Jama'a 7.2 (2016). [https://www.inter-disciplines.org/index.php/indi/article/download/1030/1138 kan layi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604094015/https://www.inter-disciplines.org/index.php/indi/article/download/1030/1138 |date=2020-06-04 }} An adana shi  
*  
* H. W. Brands Reagan: The Life (2015) shafi na 743 ya ce &quot;ta rubuta daya daga cikin mafi gaskiya kuma a wasu lokuta masu sukar kansa a tarihin siyasar Amurka na baya-bayan nan&quot;. &amp;nbsp;
*  
*  
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*  
* {{Cite book|last3=Garry Wills}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* Bayanan [https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/about-the-white-house/first-families/ Uwargidan Shugaban kasa] a WhiteHouse.gov
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110217032856/http://www.reaganlibrary.com/nancy-reagan-life-and-times.aspx Bayani] a ɗakin karatu na shugaban kasa na Ronald ReaganRonald Reagan Presidential Library
* Appearancesa kanC-SPAN 
** [[C-SPAN]].org/FirstLady/42/Nancy-Reagan.aspx&quot; id=&quot;mwEuc&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot;&gt;Nancy Reagan An adana shi a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014, a  a C-SPAN's First Ladies: Influence &amp; Image''Mata na farko: Tasiri &amp;amp;amp; Hoto''
* [http://governors.library.ca.gov/firstladies/31-Reagan.html Mata na farko na California] An adana shi a ranar 21 ga Maris, 2016, a 
* Nancy DavisaIMDb 
* Nancy Davisa cikinCibiyar Bayanai ta Intanet ta Broadway 
* Nancy ReaganaNeman Kabari 
* {{New York Times topic}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-hon}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Bernice Layne Brown|Bernice Brown]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[First Ladies and Partners of California|First Lady of California]]|years=1967–1975}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Gloria Deukmejian]]}}
|-
{{S-bef|before=[[Rosalynn Carter]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[First Lady of the United States]]|years=1981–1989}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Barbara Bush]]}}
{{S-end}}{{Nancy Reagan}}{{Ronald Reagan}}{{US First Ladies}}{{Spouses of California Governors}}{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2016]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921]]
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  <page>
    <title>Olufolake Abdulrazaq</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>146542</id>
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'''Olufolake Molawa Davies Abdulrazaq''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1967), Jami'ar diflomasiyyar Najeriya ce, ma'aikaciyar gwamnati, kuma mai ba da agaji. An haife ta ne a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] kuma ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] a shekarar 1991. Olufolake ita ce Uwargidan Shugaban [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] tun 2019, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Sashen Tattalin Arziki da Shari'a a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Najeriya har zuwa 2021. Ta fara aiki a matsayin diflomasiyya a 1993, kuma ta rike [[Landan]] mukamai a ofisoshin kasashen waje na Najeriya a Ingila, [[Afirka ta Kudu]], da [[Faransa]], gami da a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Babban Kwamitin Najeriya a London tsakanin 1998 da 2004. &lt;ref name=&quot;:222&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=H.E Olufolake Abdulrazaq: A Force for Good in Diplomacy, Social Impact, and Public Service – DAWN Commission |url=https://dawncommission.org/h-e-olufolake-abdulrazaq-a-force-for-good-in-diplomacy-social-impact-and-public-service/ |access-date=2025-07-07 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nwabogor |first=Konye Chelsea |date=July 30, 2023 |title=Olufolake Abdulrazaq. The Soft Power Behind the Governor – THISDAY Style |url=https://www.thisdaystyle.ng/olufolake-abdulrazaq-the-soft-power-behind-the-governor/ |access-date=2025-07-07 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2019, Olufolake ta ''Rana'' Cibiyar Taimako ta Jama'a ta Ajike, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke mai da hankali kan karfafa mata, kiwon lafiya, ilimi, da ci gaban matasa. Sanarwar da ta samu saboda aikinta ta hada da kasancewa Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa na Shekara ta The Sun Nigeria a cikin 2023 . &lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ajumobi |first=Kemi |date=2020-07-10 |title=HE Olufolake Abdulrazaq, on a mission to impact the people of Kwara positively for the betterment of the state |url=https://businessday.ng/interview/women-in-business/article/he-olufolake-abdulrazaq-on-a-mission-to-impact-the-people-of-kwara-positively-for-the-betterment-of-the-state/ |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:122&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2024-01-24 |title=The Sun Award Winners 2023: Olufolake Abdulrazaq: First Lady of the Year |url=https://thesun.ng/the-sun-award-winners-2023-olufolake-abdulrazaq-first-lady-of-the-year/ |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Olufolake a ranar 2 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1967 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya . A lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]], an tura mahaifinta Hezekiah Olufela Davies zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] a matsayin mai ba da bayanai ga ofishin jakadancin Najeriya, inda ta shafe wani ɓangare na yarinta. Daga baya ta koma Legas don kammala karatun firamare da sakandare.&lt;ref name=&quot;:122&quot;/&gt;

Olufolake ta sami digiri a tarihi daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] a shekarar 1988 kuma ta kammala shirin ta na Ƙungiyar Matasa ta Kasa tare da 1st Mechanized Infantry Division na Sojojin Najeriya a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] . A shekara ta 1990, ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Sadarwar Jama'a, sannan ta sami digiri a fannin shari'ar kasa da kasa da diflomasiyya da ta kammala a shekarar 1991, duka daga Jami'ar Legas. A cikin 2019, an ba ta Dokta na Kimiyya (Honoris Causa) daga Jami'ar Turai ta Paris. &lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot;/&gt;

A cikin 2020, Cibiyar Geofidel don Jagora da Gudanarwa (UK) ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Doctorate a Ci gaban Jima'i. A watan Satumbar 2022, ta sami digirin digirin digirgir na girmamawa a cikin Manufofin Jama'a da Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Prowess, Amurka. A watan Agustan 2023, an kuma ba ta Farfesa mai daraja a Harkokin Kasashen Duniya ta Jami'ar Kasuwanci ta Duniya, wanda ke zaune a [[Delaware]], Amurka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-08-18 |title=AMB. PROF. OLUFOLAKE ABDULRAZAQ : Chairperson Nigeria Governor's Wives Forum |url=https://www.mediaroomhub.com/amb-prof-olufolake-abdulrazaq-chairperson-nigeria-governors-wives-forum/ |access-date=2025-07-07 |website=Media Room Hub |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-05 |title=Nigeria Governors Spouses' Forum {{!}} The Chairperson |url=https://ngsf.org.ng/the-chairperson/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan diflomasiyya ==
Olufolake ta fara aikin diflomasiyya a 1993 tare da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Najeriya . Tsakanin 1994 da 1998, ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Na Uku da Jami'in Harkokin Waje a ofishin hulɗa na Ma'aikatar Legas. Daga 1998 zuwa 2004, an nada ta mai ba da shawara mai kula da harkokin siyasa, saka hannun jari, gudanarwa, da kasuwanci a Babban Kwamitin Najeriya a London.&lt;ref name=&quot;:122&quot;/&gt;

Tsakanin shekara ta 2004 zuwa shekara ta 2007, ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Chancery da Shugabar Kasuwanci da Zuba Jari a Babban Hukumar Najeriya a Pretoria, Afirka ta Kudu . Daga 2007 zuwa 2010, ta kasance Minista mai ba da shawara a hedikwatar Ma'aikatar a Abuja . An nada ta a Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a Paris daga 2010 zuwa 2013.[1]

Daga 2013 zuwa 2014, Olufolake ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta a Ofishin Ministan Mai Girma. Daga nan sai ta koma Babban Kwamitin Landan a matsayin Minista Shugaban teburin Commonwealth a shekarar 2015 da Minista Shugaban Kwastam, Ilimi da Welfare a shekarar 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Nigerian CEO |title=H.E Ambassador Olufolake Abdulrazaq, First Lady of Kwara state – Nigerian CEO Magazine |url=https://nigerianceomagazine.com/h-e-ambassador-olufolake-abdulrazaq-first-lady-of-kwara-state/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tsakanin Nuwamba 2017 da Satumba 2018, Olufolake ya yi aiki a matsayin mukaddashin Darakta a hedkwatar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a [[Abuja]]. Daga baya aka nada ta a matsayin mukaddashin darakta kuma ta jagoranci sashen cinikayya da hadin kan tattalin arziki har zuwa 2019. Tun daga watan Maris na shekara ta 2019, ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Sashen Tattalin Arziki, da Shari'a har zuwa Oktoba 2021. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar wakilin Ma'aikatar a kwamitin [[Hukumar Tallafa Jari ta Najeriya|NIPC]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot;/&gt;

== Matsayi a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban kasa ==
Olufolake ta kafa Cibiyar Taimako ta Jama'a ta Ajike, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke mai da hankali kan karfafa mata, matasa, da kungiyoyi masu rauni da aka kafa a shekarar 2019. Ta hanyar Cibiyar, ta jagoranci shirye-shiryen jin kai ciki har da shigar da matasa ta hanyar zane-zane, wasanni, da kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a game da shan miyagun ƙwayoyi da aikata laifuka ta yanar gizo.

A cikin 2020, Olufolake ya ba da taimako ga [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] ga al'ummomin da ke fama da rauni a fadin [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]]. Kamar yadda aka ruwaito, sama da iyalai 200 sun sami palliatives a karkashin kungiyar matan gwamnonin Arewa. Ta kuma ba da gudummawa 100,000 ga Kwara Ladies Football Club kuma ta rarraba abin rufe fuska da aka yi a cikin gida daga Kungiyar Mata ta Jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-05-01 |title=Coronavirus: 200 households benefit from Abdulrazaq’s palliatives |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2020/05/01/coronavirus-200-households-benefit-from-abdulrazaqs-palliatives/ |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=pmnewsnigeria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2023, an nada Olufolake a matsayin Jakadan Malaria na Jihar Kwara bayan ya jagoranci kokarin bayar da shawarwari wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga raguwar yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro tsakanin yara 'yan kasa da biyar. A cikin 2025, an nada ta Shugabar Kwamitin Masu Ba da Shawara don Taron Ci gaba da Ci gaba na Duniya (GSSA). 

== Matsayi ==

* 2020: Jakada a Situ . &lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;/&gt;
* 2023: Shugaban, Taron Maza na Gwamnonin Najeriya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot; /&gt;
* Patron, Afrika Fashion Week London.
* Matron, Kwamitin Kula da Magunguna na Jihar Kwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:222&quot;/&gt;
* Matron, [[Kungiyar Red Cross ta Najeriya]].
* Mataimakin Shugaban kasa, Ƙungiyar Baseball da Softball ta Najeriya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot; /&gt;

== Sanarwa ==

* 2021: Mafi Kyawun Gwarzon Gwarzon Tubergine na Jiha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=KNCV Nigeria awarded at the National TB Conference {{!}} KNCV Tuberculosis |url=https://www.kncvtbplus.com/articles/news/kncv-nigeria-awarded-national-tb-conference |access-date=2025-07-07 |website=www.kncvtbplus.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: Kyautar Tarihin Zaman Lafiya ta Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-11-15 |title=Excellency Ambassador, Dr. Mrs. Olufolake Abdulrazaq First Lady of Kwara State at the African Peace Awards 2021. |url=https://africanpeace.org/excellency-ambassador-dr-mrs-olufolake-abdulrazaq-first-lady-of-kwara-state-at-the-african-peace-awards-2021/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=African Peace Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: An kira ta Arewa-Tsakiyar Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa na Shekara da Uwargwadon Shugaban Kasa na Kasar ta Independent Nigeria . &lt;ref name=&quot;:222&quot;/&gt;
* 2022: Kyautar Majalisar Matasan Afirka ta Yamma . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=highprofile |date=2022-01-30 |title=Kwara First Lady bags West Africa Youth Council award |url=https://highprofile.com.ng/2022/01/30/kwara-first-lady-bags-west-africa-youth-council-award/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=High Profile |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2023: Uwargidan Shugaban Shekara ta The Sun Nigeria . &lt;ref name=&quot;:122&quot;/&gt;
* 2024: An girmama shi a Kyautar Afro ta shekara-shekara.

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Olayemi Oyebanji</title>
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{{Databox}}

Dakta Olayemi Olajumoke Abiodun Oyebanji farfesa ce a Najeriya, malamar makaranta kuma 'yar siyasa. Ita ce Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa ta Jihar Ekiti a yanzu tun daga shekarar 2023 a matsayin matar gwamnan jihar, Biodun Oyebanji.

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
Ta fito ne daga Ado-Ewi a [[Ado-Ekiti|karamar hukumar Ado-Ekiti]] ta jihar Ekiti . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ado&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 February 2023 |title=God prepared me to become First Lady, Ekiti governor's wife Olayemi Oyebanji |url=https://punchng.com/god-prepared-me-to-become-first-lady-ekiti-govs-wife-olayemi-oyebanji/ |website=Punchng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta halarci [[Jami'ar Ibadan]], inda ta haɗu da mijinta kuma ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin Gudanar da Ilimi daga baya ta koma Jami'ar Ibadan don koyarwa a matsayin malamar makaranta. Ta kuma sami digirin digirgir a fannin Gudanar da Ilimi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ado&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;lecturer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 September 2023 |title=Dr Olayemi Oyebanji: A First Lady properly so-called |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/09/dr-olayemi-oyebanji-a-first-lady-properly-so-called/ |website=Vanguard Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=My family has a long history with UI, says Ekiti State governor |url=https://ui.edu.ng/news/my-family-has-long-history-ui-says-ekiti-state-governor |access-date=25 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta zama Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa lokacin da aka rantsar da mijinta a matsayin gwamnan Jihar Ekiti. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2022 |title=E﻿kiti State don officially swear in Biodun Oyebanji as Governor |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cw0qq78v82ro |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2024, ta ƙaddamar da wani aiki mai suna Zawarawa, Tsofaffi, Marayu da Marasa Gidaje (WAOH) a [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]], da kuma &quot;Àdìre Èktì&quot; don haɓaka samar da kayan [[Adire (ƙwarewar zane-zane)|Adire]] na gida. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 May 2024 |title=Ekiti First Lady launches widow screening for empowerment project |url=https://www.waohfoundation.org/blog_details.php?a=ekiti-first-lady-launches-widow-screening-for-empowerment-project |website=[https://www.waohfoundation.org WAOH Foundation] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 March 2024 |title=Oyebanji's wife launches Àdìre Èkìtì Hub as 200 youths commence training |url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/27899 |website=Ekiti State Government}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita kuma mai fafutukar [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|kare haƙƙin mata]] ce wacce ta yi magana game da mahimmancin haɗakar mata, tallafawa lafiyar mata ga iyaye mata da kuma [[shayarwa]] ta musamman da kuma [[Yin allurar rigakafi|rigakafin]] farko ga jarirai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 March 2026 |title=Empower women, build a stronger Nigeria - Oyebanji's wife |url=https://ekitipodium.com/2026/03/18/empower-women-build-a-stronger-nigeria-oyebanjis-wife/ |website=Ekiti Podium}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 January 2025 |title=Ekiti gov's wife awards 50 orphans scholarship, provides school supplies |url=https://punchng.com/ekiti-govs-wife-awards-50-orphans-scholarship-provides-school-supplies/ |website=The Punch}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 January 2026 |title=Ekiti First Lady beats drum for Breastfeeding, Immunisation to save newborns |url=https://www.stateofthestates.ng/2026/01/03/ekiti-first-lady-beats-drum-for-breastfeeding-immunisation-to-save-newborns/ |website=State of the States}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 December 2024 |title=Oyebanji's wife canvasses exclusive breastfeeding, immunization |url=https://punchng.com/oyebanjis-wife-canvasses-exclusive-breastfeeding-immunisation/ |website=Punch Newspapers}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A matsayinta na Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa, ta tallafawa ci gaban al'umma a Jihar Ekiti ta hanyar bayar da gudummawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 March 2025 |title=Oyebanji donates school bus to school in Ekiti, harps on maintenance culture |url=http://newsanchorng.com/2025/03/12/oyebanji-donates-school-bus-to-school-in-ekiti-harps-on-maintenance-culture/ |website=City News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 June 2023 |title=Ekiti First Lady restates Ekiti Government's commitment to sports development |url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/26159 |website=Ekiti State Government}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A halin yanzu babbar malamar jami'a ce a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;lecturer&quot;/&gt;

== Kyaututtuka ==

* Kyautar Fellowship ta Ƙungiyar Kula da Ilimi da Gudanarwa ta Najeriya (NAEAP) ta 2024. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 October 2024 |title=Ekiti First Lady, UI ex-VC Olayinka bag NAEAP fellowships |url=https://guardian.ng/news/ekiti-first-lady-ui-ex-vc-olayinka-bag-naeap-fellowships/ |website=The Guardian Nigerian News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2026 Digirin Digiri a Jagoranci Dabaru da Gudanar da Albarkatun Jama'a.

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Mmasekgoa Masire-Mwamba</title>
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{{Databox}}

'''Mmasekgoa Masire-Mwamba''' jami'ar gudanarwa ce a Botswana kuma ma'aikaciyar gwamnati ta ƙasa da ƙasa, tana da fiye da shekaru 30 na ƙwarewa a fannin kasuwanci, ci gaba da diflomasiyya a fannoni daban-daban. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Botswana |first=Embassy of |title=Ambassador |url=http://embassyofbotswana.de/en/embassy/ambassador/ |access-date=2021-05-28 |website=Embassy of Botswana |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmasekgoa Masire-Mwamba ta kasance mataimakiyar sakatare janar na ƙungiyar haɗin kan ƙasa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Commonwealth Deputy Secretary-General Mmasekgoa Masire-Mwamba at the UNDP Regional Dialogue for Africa, Pan African Parliament |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/news/commonwealth-deputy-secretary-general-mmasekgoa-masire-mwamba-undp-regional-dialogue-africa |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=Commonwealth |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; daga shekarun 2008 zuwa 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-06-04 |title=Former Deputy Secretary General of the Commonwealth Secretariat Ms. Mmasekgoa Masire-Mwamba meets with ACP Secretary General |url=http://www.acp.int/content/former-deputy-secretary-general-commonwealth-secretariat-ms-mmasekgoa-masire-mwamba-meets-ac |access-date=2016-12-09 |website=Acp.int}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi da ilimi ==
An haifi Masire-Mwamba a Gabaipone Masire a ranar 7 ga watan Maris 1960, &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ambassadors in Germany |url=https://diplomatisches-magazin.de/en/ambassadors/mmasekgoa-masire-mwamba/ |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=diplomatisches-magazin.de |language=en |archive-date=2019-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220045036/https://www.diplomatisches-magazin.de/en/ambassadors/mmasekgoa-masire-mwamba/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kanye ga iyaye - Ketumile Quett Joni da Gladys Olebile Masire kuma ta girma a Gaborone, inda ta fara karatunta a Makarantar Firamare ta Thornhill. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Coming of age - Masekgoa Masire-Mwamba |url=https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/22918 |website=Botswana Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sanya mata suna Gabaipone don girmama mahaifiyar mahaifinta Gabaipone. Da irin wannan babban suna, yawanci mutum yakan ɗauki madadinta, Mmasekgoa; wanda a gare ta, ya mamaye ainihin sunanta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Daga nan aka shigar da ita Jami'ar Landan, inda ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lantarki da kimiyyar lissafi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Masters of the Bench |url=https://www.middletemple.org.uk/bencher-persons-view?cid=42215 |access-date=15 October 2024 |website=Middle Temple |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027005333/https://www.middletemple.org.uk/bencher-persons-view?cid=42215 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1990 ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci (MBA) daga Jami'ar Pittsburgh. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Masire-Mwamba tana da digiri na farko a fannin Shari'a (LLB) daga Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu, UNISA &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; da kuma Difloma ta Ci gaba a fannin Gudanarwa daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta IESE, [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Speaker Details.A glimpse into the background of our speaker |url=https://www.myleadafrica.org/GPAD2020/speaker13-details.html |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=www.myleadafrica.org }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita kwararriyar mai horarwa ce kuma mai horarwa, bayan ta kafa wani kamfani mai zaman kansa wanda ke ba da horo kan dabarun aiki mai laushi wanda ke mai da hankali kan Hakkin Shugabanci da Gudanar da Hukumar Gudanarwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Masire-Mwamba ita ce Babbar Jami'ar Gudanarwa ta farko a Motswana a [[Botswana Export Development and Investment Authority|Hukumar Cigaban da Zuba Jari ta Botswana]] (BEDIA), &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Hukumar Haɓaka Zuba Jari ta ƙasa ta Botswana. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mmasekgoa Masire-Mwamba completes two terms, as the Deputy Secretary-General for The Commonwealth. |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/sites/default/files/page/documents/Mmasekgoa-Masire-Mwamba-profile.pdf |website=commonwealth.org }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2009, Honorable Society of Middle Temple Inn ta sami karɓe ta a fagen shari'a da ke ba ta lambar yabo ta Bencher. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2015, ta zo ta biyu bayan Patricia Scotland, daga [[Dominika|Dominica,]] a zaɓen da aka yi na zama Sakatare Janar na Commonwealth, inda ta sha kaye da ƙuri'u 26, yayin da ta samu ƙuri'u 24. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mmasekgoa Masire-Mwamba |url=https://centreforglobalinclusion.org/The-Centre/mmasekgoa-masire-mwamba/ |access-date=2021-05-28 |website=The Centre for Global Inclusion {{!}} Home of the GDIB |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209001032/https://centreforglobalinclusion.org/The-Centre/mmasekgoa-masire-mwamba/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khunwane |first=Thelma |date=2015-11-29 |title=Botswana: Masire-Mwamba Puts Up Strong Fight |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201511301767.html |access-date=2016-12-09 |website=allAfrica.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dr. Long ta ba ta lambar yabo ta mata ta duniya a fannin jagoranci, a taron siyasa na London a shekarar 2018 &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar mata a fannin kasuwanci a Botswana. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Masire-Mwamba ta auri Trevor Mwamba, tsohon Bishop na Botswana, kuma tsohon Rector na Barking, East London.&lt;ref&gt;[http://centreforglobalinclusion.org/The-Centre/mmasekgoa-masire-mwamba/ Centre for Global Inclusion — Mmasekgoa Masire-Mwamba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705160301/http://centreforglobalinclusion.org/The-Centre/mmasekgoa-masire-mwamba/ |date=2019-07-05 }} (Accessed 14 May 2018)&lt;/ref&gt;  Tana da 'ya'ya uku. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

== Karramawa ==
An karrama ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 100 na BBC a shekarar 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2013-10-20 |title=100 Women: Who took part? |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-24579511 |access-date=2022-12-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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{{Databox}}

Nisreen Elsaim ( Larabci : نسرين الصائم) yar gwagwarmayar sauyin yanayi ce kuma mai yin shawarwari akan yanayi.

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Elsaim a Sudan kuma an girma shi a Khartoum . Tun yana yaro, Elsaim yana mu'amala da yanayi akai-akai, sau da yawa yana wasa a bakin kogin White Nile da Blue Nile, waɗanda ke haɗuwa a Khartoum. [1]

Elsaim yana da digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin [[Makamashi mai sabuntawa|fasahar makamashi mai sabuntawa]] daga [[Jami'ar Khartoum]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sudanese Appointed Chairperson Of UN Advisory Group{{!}} Sudanow Magazine |url=http://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?Id=1114 |access-date=2020-08-27 |website=sudanow-magazine.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=JWH Initiative |url=http://www.jwhinitiative.org/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-08-27 |website=JWHinitiative}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
A shekarar 2012, &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Blazhevska |first=Vesna |title=Young leaders tapped to invigorate UN's climate action plans, hold leaders to account |url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2020/07/young-leaders-tapped-to-invigorate-uns-climate-action-plans-hold-leaders-to-account/ |access-date=2020-08-27 |website=United Nations Sustainable Development |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda zanga-zangar da ta yi a shekararta ta farko a [[Jami'ar Khartoum]], gwamnati ta rufe makarantar na tsawon watanni uku da rabi. A wannan lokacin da ba ta zuwa aji, Elsaim ta fara sha'awar diflomasiyyar kimiyya kuma ta fara aikin sa kai a [[Sudanese Environment Conservation Society|Ƙungiyar Kare Muhalli ta Sudan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Elsaim |first=Nisreen |title=I Am A Climate Diplomat and Here Is Why I Think The Climate Emergency Needs Scientific Solutions |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/i-am-a-climate-diplomat-and-here-is-why-i-think-th/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shipton |first=Emily |date=2023 |title=Sudanese climate activist Nisreen Elsaim: a voice for the world's young people |url=https://www.ciwem.org/the-environment/a-voice-for-the-worlds-young-people-nisreen-elsaim |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=CIWEM |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2016, ta kafa [[Sudan Youth Organisation for Climate Change|kungiyar matasa ta Sudan Youth Organization for Climate Change]] (SYOCC). &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; Ta ci gaba da zama shugabar kungiyar har zuwa shekarar 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nisreen Elsaim |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/nisreen-elsaim/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511084523/https://www.weforum.org/people/nisreen-elsaim/ |archive-date=2024-05-11 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Zuwa shekarar 2018, Elsaim ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar [[Pan African Climate Justice Alliance]], kuma yana aiki a matsayin ƙaramin mai shiga tsakani tare da [[African Group of Negotiators on Climate Change|ƙungiyar Afirka ta Masu Tattaunawa kan Sauyin Yanayi]] (AGN). &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;

A shekarar 2019, ta halarci taron Muryoyin Matasa na Abu Dhabi. Bayan taron, an gayyace ta don ta haɗu da shirya taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi na matasa na 2019. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=#YouthParticipation: Nisreen Elsaim, on her journey to becoming a UN Youth Climate |url=https://www.fes-connect.org/people/youthparticipation-nisreen-elsaim-on-her-journey-to-becoming-a-un-youth-climate/ |access-date=2020-08-27 |website=www.fes-connect.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Elsaim ita ce shugabar ƙungiyar ba da shawara ta matasa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin Yanayi daga 2020 zuwa 2022, wadda Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya [[António Guterres]] ya shirya, bayan naɗin da ƙungiyar Pan African Climate Justice Alliance ta yi mata. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nations |first=United |title=The Youth Advisory Group on Climate Change - 2020 |url=https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/youth-in-action/youth-advisory-group-2020 |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=United Nations |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Da take magana kan abin da ya faru a shekarar 2023, ta lura cewa duk da cewa ta ji cewa ƙungiyar ba da shawara &quot;ta sauya al'adar da ke tattare da shigar matasa cikin harkar,&quot; ta kuma ga abin takaici ne &quot;bin ƙa'idodin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya maimakon yin aiki a matsayin masu fafutuka masu zaman kansu&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;

== Ganewa da kyaututtuka ==
An ba Elsaim kyautar tallafin karatu a Kwalejin Robert Bosch da ke Jamus har zuwa Nuwamba 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-06-18 |title='Climate change won't wait until the war is over' {{!}} akzente |url=https://akzente.giz.de/en/interview_nisreen_elsaim |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=akzente.giz.de |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rehse-Knauf |first=Luca |date=2024-11-07 |title=An activist in Sudan engaged in climate, peace and security |url=https://www.deutschland.de/en/topic/environment/climate-change-peace-security-nisreen-elsaim |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.deutschland.de |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kyaututtukan sun haɗa da:

* Taron Matasa Masu Fafutukar Juriya na 2023 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Incari |first=Sarah |date=2023-11-27 |title=Awards for 5 young activists in presence of Prince Albert II |url=https://www.monaco-tribune.com/en/2023/11/awards-for-5-young-activists-in-presence-of-prince-albert-ii/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=[[Monaco Tribune]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Yuni 2024 Kofi Annan NextGen wanda ya lashe kyautar Dimokuradiyya; [[Gidauniyar Kofi Annan]] da Gidauniyar Dimokuradiyya da Al'adu suka shirya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-08-01 |title=The Kofi Annan NextGen Democracy Prize 2024 Finalists! |url=https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/news/the-kofi-annan-nextgen-democracy-prize-2024-finalists/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=[[Kofi Annan Foundation]] |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Elsaim ya shiga [[juyin juya halin Sudan]] a shekarar 2018 da 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-10-20 |title='Climate change should be prioritized in Sudan', Nisreen Elsaim urges ahead of COP27 |url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/10/20/climate-change-should-be-prioritized-in-sudan-nisreen-elsaim-urges-ahead-of-cop27// |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=[[AfricaNews]] |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wata guda bayan fara [[Rikicin Sudan, 2023|yakin basasar Sudan]] a watan Afrilun 2023, Elsaim da iyalinta, ciki har da mijinta da ɗanta ɗan wata tara, dole ne su gudu daga Sudan don kare lafiyarsu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-15 |title=At UN climate talks, some see wars complicating negotiators' task |url=https://www.piquenewsmagazine.com/environment-news/at-un-climate-talks-some-see-wars-complicating-negotiators-task-9813166 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=Pique Newsmagazine |language=en |agency=[[Associated Press]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Surukinta, wanda ya tsaya a wurin, ya mutu jim kaɗan bayan haka. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Tun daga lokacin ta koma ƙasar na ɗan lokaci, amma ba zuwa Khartoum ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

Tun lokacin da aka fara yakin basasar Sudan, ta zauna a Landan, Paris, Florence, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nilsson-Julien |first=Estelle |title=Meet the young climate activists who fled war and death threats |url=https://www.euronews.com/green/2023/11/21/meet-the-young-climate-activists-who-fled-war-and-death-threats |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=[[Euro News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Berlin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
 

* [[Sauyin yanayi a Sudan|Climate change in Sudan]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://events.forwomeninscience.com/#/home Jawabin Nisreen Elsaim a shirin For Women in Science] a [[YouTube]]
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Ola Alsheikh, wanda aka fi sani da Ola Abbas Alsheikh Omer ( Arabic ; an haife ta a Omdurman, Sudan ), ƙwararriyar mai ɗaukar hoto ce a Sudan mai zaman kanta wacce ke ɗaukar hotunan rayuwar yau da kullun da abubuwan da suka faru a Khartoum. A cikin aikinta, ta mayar da hankali musamman kan hotunan mata da 'yan mata, da kuma bambancin zamantakewa da ƙabilu a Sudan.

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
[[Fayil:Modern_schools_in_Sudan.jpg|left|thumb|251x251px|Yarinya 'yar makaranta a Omdurman, ta Ola Alsheikh]]
[[Fayil:Sudanese_women_in_protests.jpg|thumb|Matan Sudan suna zanga-zanga a shekarar 2019, daga Ola Alsheikh]]
An haifi Alsheikh a Omdurman, Sudan, kuma ta girma a Jamus, Saudiyya da Sudan. Tana da digiri a fannin Injiniyan Lantarki daga [[Jami'ar Khartoum]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nicholson |first=Angela |date=2018-10-20 |title=Changing Perceptions |url=https://www.amateurphotographer.co.uk/?issue=amateur-photographer-20-october-2018 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-15 |website=Amateur Photographer |pages=8–9}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar wani rahoto da BBC News ta fitar, a matsayinta na mace mai daukar hoto ta fuskanci izgili ko ma cin zarafi, yayin da take daukar hotuna a titunan Khartoum. Ta danganta wannan mummunan halin da ake ciki da cewa mutanen Khartoum ba su saba ganin mace da kyamara a kan tituna ba. Amma duk da haka, ta ce: &quot; ''Ina so in nuna rayuwa ta gaske a Sudan - sauran duniya sun daɗe suna raba mu'' .&quot; 
[[Fayil:The_Sufis_in_omdurman.jpg|thumb|Sufaye a Omdurman, na Ola Alsheikh]]
A watan Oktoban 2018, mujallar Mai Daukar Hoto ta Amateur ta buga wani labari game da hotunan Alsheikh na Sudan ta zamani. A cewar wannan labarin, Alsheikh ta sayi kyamarar fim ta farko a shekarar 1998, amma ta shiga cikin daukar hoto na gaskiya kimanin shekaru goma sha biyu bayan haka, lokacin da ta koma amfani da kyamarorin dijital . Tun daga lokacin, ta yi amfani da kyamararta don yin rikodin rayuwar yau da kullun, tana ƙoƙarin canza wayewar jama'a. A matsayin misali na yadda take yin rikodin abubuwan da suka faru da bukukuwa na musamman a Sudan, labarin ya ambaci hotunanta na shahararrun al'adun [[Sufiyya|Sufi]] a [[Omdurman]], wani ɓangare na babban birnin Khartoum. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

A lokacin [[juyin juya halin Sudan]] na 2018/19, BBC News ta buga hotunanta na masu zanga-zanga suna kira ga tsohon shugaban kasa [[Omar al-Bashir]] da gwamnatinsa da su yi murabus.  A shekarar 2019, jaridar Le Monde ta Faransa ta buga hotonta a cikin wani labari game da 'yan gudun hijirar [[Eritrea]] a Khartoum. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Hotunan Sudan
* [[Mata a Sudan]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://olaalsheikh.co.uk/ Shafin yanar gizo na mutum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250624040756/https://olaalsheikh.co.uk/ |date=2025-06-24 }}
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-44888715 ''Kasancewata ɗan jarida a Sudan: Ina fuskantar izgili, ƙi da cin zarafi,'' rahoton bidiyo na BBC Africa One Minute Stories]
* [https://www.olaalsheikh.com/Sudans-Invisible-Heroes/i-w25wMmZ/A Labarin Jaruman Sudan da Ba a Gani Ba, Ola Alsheikh game da makafi da malamai masu himma a Khartoum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101140842/https://www.olaalsheikh.com/Sudans-Invisible-Heroes/i-w25wMmZ/A |date=2023-01-01 }} Archived  
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'''Omeljan Yosypovych Pritsak''' (Ukrainian; 7 Afrilu 1919 - 29 Mayu 2006) shi ne Farfesa na farko na Mykhailo Hrushevsky na Tarihin Ukraine a [[Jami'ar Harvard]] kuma wanda ya kafa kuma darektan farko (1973-1989) na Cibiyar Nazarin Ukraine ta Harvard . 

== Ayyuka ==
[[Fayil:Pritsak_emil_swiadectwo_1936.jpg|thumb|Takardar shaidar Pritsak (1936) ]]
Daga 1921 zuwa 1936 ya zauna a Ternopil, inda ya kammala karatun motsa jiki na Poland. Pritsak ya fara aikinsa na ilimi a Jami'ar Lviv a tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe na Poland inda ya yi nazarin harsunan Gabas ta Tsakiya a ƙarƙashin masana gabas na gida kuma ya haɗu da Shevchenko Scientific Society kuma ya halarci taron tattaunawa kan tarihin Ukraine wanda Ivan Krypiakevych ya jagoranta. Bayan mamayewar [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Soviet]] na Galicia, ya koma [[Kiev|Kyiv]] inda ya yi karatu a takaice tare da firaministan Ukraine, Ahatanhel Krymsky . A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, an kai Pritsak zuwa yamma a matsayin Ostarbeiter . &lt;ref name=&quot;harvard2009&quot; /&gt; Bayan yakin, ya yi karatu a jami'o'i a [[Berlin]] da [[Jami'ar Göttingen|Göttingen]], ya sami digiri na biyu daga wannan, kafin ya koyar a Jami'ar Hamburg.

A lokacin da yake Turai, Pritsak ya fara kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ural - Altaic Studies . A shekara ta 1958-1965, ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugabanta da Babban Edita na Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher a shekara ta 1954-1960.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Omeljan Pritsak « Інститут сходознавства |url=https://oriental-studies.org.ua/en/about/personal/omeljan-pritsak/ |access-date=2020-01-25 |website=oriental-studies.org.ua}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban sha'awa ==
Pritsak masanin zamani ne wanda ya kware a amfani da gabas,  musamman Turkic, tushen tarihin Kievan Rus', farkon zamani na [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], da yankin Yammacin Turai. Ya kuma kasance dalibi na Tsohon Norse kuma ya saba da tushen Scandinavia don tarihin Kievan Rus'. ''magnum opus'' dinsa, The Origin of Rus', guda daya ne kawai ya bayyana a Turanci (1981), yana karkata zuwa, amma ba ya karɓar gaba ɗaya, fassarar Normanist na ''Asalin Rus'''. Ya ga Kievan Rus' a matsayin siyasa mai kabilanci da yawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Omeljan Pritsak « Інститут сходознавства |url=https://oriental-studies.org.ua/en/about/personal/omeljan-pritsak/ |access-date=14 October 2017 |website=oriental-studies.org.ua}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Masanin tarihin Ukraine ==
Ba kamar magabatansa ba Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Dmytro Doroshenko, da Ivan Krypiakevych, waɗanda suka rubuta tarihin ƙasa ko tarihin mutanen Ukraine, Pritsak ya bi masanin tarihin Ukraine na asalin Poland, Vyacheslav Lypynsky, a cikin ba da shawarar rubuta tarihin &quot;ƙasar&quot; na Ukraine wanda zai haɗa da Polish, Turkic, da sauran mutanen da suka zauna a ƙasar tun zamanin d ̄ a. Wannan ra'ayin daga baya ya karɓi ƙaramin ɗan zamaninsa Paul Robert Magocsi, wanda ya kasance ɗan lokaci abokin tarayya na Cibiyar Harvard Ukrainian.

Pritsak ya nemi inganta inganci da girman karatun Ukrainian a Jami'ar Harvard. Ya goyi bayan kafa kujeru daban-daban guda uku don nazarin Ukrainian a jami'ar: tarihin Ukrainian, wallafe-wallafen Ukrainian da ilimin Ukrainian. 

== Cibiyar Bincike ta Omeljan Pritsak don Nazarin Gabas ==
''Cibiyar Bincike ta Omeljan Pritsak don Nazarin Gabas'' mai suna don girmama Farfesa, an kafa ta ne a cikin shekara ta 2009. Ya dogara ne akan babban ɗakin karatu da tarin tarihin Omeljan Pritsak, wanda ya yi alkawarin canja wurin zuwa Kwalejin Kyiv-Mohyla bayan mutuwarsa. Al'adun, wanda Omeljan Pritsak ya tattara na tsawon shekaru 70 ya ƙunshi rubuce-rubuce, bugu, wallafe-wallafen, tushen tarihi, takardun tarihi da abubuwan tarihi da al'adu a kan falsafar, ilimin harshe, tarihin duniya, Nazarin Gabas, Nazarin Slavic, Nazarin Scandinavia, ilimin kimiyyar tarihi, numismatics, falsafar da sauransu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Omelian Pritsak Memorial Library |url=https://al.ukma.edu.ua/index.php/pritsak |access-date=2020-01-24 |website=al.ukma.edu.ua |archive-date=2023-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613234626/https://al.ukma.edu.ua/index.php/pritsak |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta haka ne aka kawo shi Kwalejin Kasa ta Kyiv-Mohyla a 2007. Cibiyar bincike da ɗakin karatu da tarin kayan tarihi, yanzu suna buɗewa ga jama'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Omeljan Pritsak Research Center for Oriental Studies |url=https://www.ukma.edu.ua/eng/index.php/research/centres/pritsak-center |access-date=2020-01-24 |website=www.ukma.edu.ua}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Mohamed Konaté</title>
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'''Mohamed Konaté''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba, 1997) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda yake buga ƙwallon gaba a ƙungiyar Akhmat Grozny ta Rasha. An haife shi a Ivory Coast, yana wakiltar Burkina Faso a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.

== Aikin kulob ==
Konaté ya fara buga wasan sa a gasar Premier ta Rasha a Ural Yekaterinburg a ranar 17 ga watan Satumba, 2016, a wasan da suka yi da Anzhi Makhachkala. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 September 2016 |title=Game Report by RPL |url=https://eng.premierliga.ru/match/match_11480.html |publisher=[[Russian Premier League]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Konaté ya bar Ural Yekaterinburg a watan Fabrairun 2017 domin neman ƙarin mabiya ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 February 2017 |title=Не выдержал конкуренции: ивуарийский нападающий Мохамед Конате покидает Урал |url=http://www.nakanune.ru/news/2017/2/28/22462229 |access-date=21 April 2017 |website=nakanune.ru |publisher=Nakanune |language=Russian}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 22 ga watan Afrilu, 2017, ya fara buga wasa ga sabuwar ƙungiyarsa, Latvian Babīte, kuma ya cinye a wasansa na farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 April 2017 |title=Spartaks Jurmala-Babīte |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/04/22/latvia/virsliga/spartaks-jurmala/babte/2407096/ |publisher=Soccerway}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yulin 2017, Konaté da Cédric Gogoua sun koma ƙungiyar Kairat ta makarantar Kairat har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 July 2017 |title=Официально: Мохамед Конате и Седрик Гогуа игроки Кайрат А |url=http://fckairat.com/publ/fk_kajrat_2016/kajrat_m/oficialno_mokhamed_konate_i_sedrik_gogua_igroki_kajrat_a/10-1-0-1649 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713002624/http://fckairat.com/publ/fk_kajrat_2016/kajrat_m/oficialno_mokhamed_konate_i_sedrik_gogua_igroki_kajrat_a/10-1-0-1649 |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=11 July 2017 |website=fckairat.com |publisher=FC Kairat |language=Russian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan kammala [[2017 Kazakhstan First Division|gasar Kazakhstan ta 2017]], Konaté ya shiga gwaji tare da ƙungiyar Gomel ta Belarusian Premier League. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 November 2017 |title=Игрок Кайрат А находится на просмотре в белорусском клубе |url=https://www.sports.kz/news/igrok-kayrat-a-nahoditsya-na-prosmotre-v-belorusskom-klube |access-date=13 November 2017 |website=sports.kz |publisher=Sports KZ |language=Russian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 24 ga watan Yuni 2018, Pyunik ya sanar da sanya hannu a kan Konaté. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 June 2018 |title=ՓՅՈՒՆԻԿԸ ՀԻՆԳ ՆՈՐԵԿ ՈՒՆԻ |url=http://fcpyunik.am/%D6%83%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A8-%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3-%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%AF-%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB/ |access-date=28 June 2018 |website=fcpyunik.am |publisher=FC Pyunik |language=Armenian |archive-date=5 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005081010/http://fcpyunik.am/%D6%83%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A8-%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3-%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%AF-%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 1 ga watan Yuni 2019, Pyunik ya saki Konaté. &lt;ref name=&quot;Six Released&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 June 2019 |title=6 ֆուտբոլիստներ հեռացան Փյունիկից |url=http://fcpyunik.am/hy/article/177 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=fcpyunik.am/ |publisher=FC Pyunik |language=Armenian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 2 ga watan Satumba, 2019, ya sanya hannu da ƙungiyar Khimki ta ƙasar Rasha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 September 2019 |title=МОХАМЕД КОНАТЕ - НОВЫЙ НАПАДАЮЩИЙ &quot;ХИМОК&quot; |trans-title=Mohamed Konate is the new forward of Khimki |url=http://www.fckhimki.ru/news/sezon-2019-2020/sentyabr/mokhamed-konate-novyy-napadayushchiy-khimok/ |publisher=[[FC Khimki]] |language=Russian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 18 ga watan Mayu 2021, Akhmat Grozny ya sanar da sanya hannu kan Konaté a kwantiragin shekara ɗaya, tare da zaɓin ƙarin shekaru biyu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 May 2021 |title=Мохамед Конате перешел в Ахмат |url=http://fc-akhmat.ru/page/12367 |access-date=18 May 2021 |website=fc-akhmat.ru |publisher=FC Akhmat Grozny |language=Russian}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 31 ga watan Mayu 2024, Konaté ya bar Akhmat yayin da kwantiraginsa ya ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 May 2024 |title=Мохамед Конате покидает нашу команду |url=https://fc-akhmat.ru/news/fc-akhmat/klub/mokhamed-konate-pokidaet-nashu-komandu/# |access-date=31 May 2024 |publisher=FC Akhmat Grozny |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Konaté ya koma kungiyar Al-Riyadh ta Saudi Pro League a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta 2024. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 August 2024 |title=الرياض يعلن التعاقد مع المهاجم البوركيني كوناتي |url=https://www.sportksa.net/main/archives/485453 |publisher=sportksa.net |language=arabic}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 August 2024 |title=Mohamed Konaté révèle pourquoi il a signé à Al Riyadh |url=https://africafoot.com/mohamed-konate-revele-pourquoi-il-a-signe-a-al-riyadh/ |publisher=africafoot.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 8 ga watan Yuli, 2025, Konaté ya koma Akhmat Grozny kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2025 |title=Мохамед Конате — снова в Грозном! |url=https://fc-akhmat.ru/news/fc-akhmat/klub/mokhamed-konate-snova-v-groznom/ |access-date=11 July 2025 |publisher=FC Akhmat Grozny |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
An haifi Konaté a [[Ivory Coast]], kuma asalinsa ɗan Burkinabe ne. A ranar 9 ga watan Oktoba 2020, Konaté ya wakilci [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Burkina Faso|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Burkina Faso]] a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta DR Congo|DR Congo]] da ci 3-0. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Burkina Faso vs RD Congo - Amicaux internationaux - 09 Octobre 2020 |url=https://fr.besoccer.com/ |website=fr.besoccer.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya buga wasansa na farko a hukumance a ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamba 2020 da Malawi a wasannin share fage na gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 2021 .

Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 2 ga watan Satumba 2021 a wasan da suka yi da Nijar a wasannin share fage na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022 .

An zaɓi Konaté don shiga gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Burkina Faso : 29 joueurs convoqués pour la CAN 2021, la liste |url=https://www.koaci.com/article/2021/12/23/burkina-faso/sport/burkina-faso-29-joueurs-convoques-pour-la-can-2021-la-liste_156412.html |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=Koaci.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara wasa a wasanni biyar a lokacin gasar, inda ya mayar da bugunsa zuwa ƙwallo a wasan ƙarshe na takwas da suka yi da Gabon.

Yana kuma shiga [[Gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afrika 2023|gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2023.]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Trinite Singbo |date=2023-12-20 |title=CAN 2023 : La liste du Burkina Faso dévoilée |url=https://africafootunited.com/can-2023-la-liste-du-burkina-faso-devoilee/ |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=AfricaFootUnited.com |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shi ne babban ɗan wasan da ya kai hari sau uku, ciki har da zura kwallo a raga a wasan da suka yi da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Aljeriya|Algeria]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=M. Gr. |date=2024-01-20 |title=L'Algérie arrache le match nul sur le fil face au Burkina Faso grâce à Baghdad Bounedjah |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/L-algerie-arrache-le-match-nul-sur-le-fil-face-au-burkina-faso-grace-a-baghdad-bounedjah/1443496 |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=[[L'Équipe|lequipe.fr]] |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
A watan Agusta na 2023, ya sami takardar zama ɗan ƙasar Rasha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-08-27 |title=Африканский футболист клуба РПЛ получил российский паспорт |url=https://sportrbc.ru/news/64eb04219a79471bcb76bb77 |website=[[РБК]] |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƙididdigar aiki ==

=== Kulob ===
{{Updated|match played 15 March 2026}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerway|mohamed-konate/459786}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

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'''Mohammad-Javad Ardashir Larijani''' ( Persian   ; an haife shi a 1951 ( 1951 ) ) ɗan siyasa ne mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma tsohon jami'in diflomasiyya na ƙasar Iran. Ya kasance babban mai ba da shawara ga Shugaban Addini na wancan lokacin [[Ali Khamenei]] a harkokin ƙasashen waje kuma sakataren [[Babban Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam|Majalisar Haƙƙin Dan Adam, Shari'a ta Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 August 2016 |title=Is Iran judiciary open to negotiating on human rights? |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/08/iran-judiciary-human-rights-larijani-negotiations.html |access-date=24 September 2016 |publisher=[[Al-Monitor]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kasance babban mai tsara manufofin harkokin waje na Iran, kuma ya jagoranci tattaunawar tsagaita wuta bayan yakin Iran da Iraki .

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Mohammad Javad Larijani haifaffen iyayen Iran ne kuma kane ne ga Ali Larijani, tsohon shugaban majalisar dokoki da Sadegh Larijani, tsohon babban alkalin alkalai . &lt;ref name=&quot;katzman13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Katzman |first=Kenneth |date=17 June 2013 |title=Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL32048.pdf |access-date=3 August 2013 |website=Congressional Research Service |format=CRS Report for US Congress |archive-date=12 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512040547/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL32048.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Larijani kani ne ga Ahmad Tavakkoli, wanda shi ne shugaban cibiyar bincike na Majlis a yanzu .

Larijani, raised in a religious family, graduated from a hawza before starting his higher education in electrical engineering in Aryamehr University, wearing the uniform for the full four years. He later continued his studies outside Iran, and began to study in the PhD program in mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley. However, he did not complete his studies at Berkeley.

== Sana'a ==
Larijani babban mai ba da shawara ne ga Shugaban Koli kuma shugaban kwamitin [['Yancin Dan Adam a Iran|kare hakkin dan adam]] a fannin shari'a. Majalisar ta yi watsi da nadin Wakilin Musamman kan Kare Hakkin Dan Adam a Iran da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi, kuma tana adawa da matsayin kasashen yamma game da halin da ake ciki a Iran. An sha zargin Iran da take hakkin dan adam, kwanan nan bayan zanga-zangar Nuwamba 2019. Rahoton Wakilin Musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan halin da ake ciki na kare hakkin dan adam a Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran ya bayyana cewa &quot;Jawabin Musamman ya yi matukar mamaki da adadin mace-mace, raunuka masu tsanani da rahotannin rashin da'a da aka samu a zanga-zangar Nuwamba 2019. A cewar rahotanni, ana azabtar da wadanda aka tsare ko kuma ana shan wasu nau'ikan rashin da'a, wani lokacin don a tilasta musu furta laifuka. Akwai kuma rahotannin hana magani, ciki har da raunukan da jami'an tsaro suka yi sakamakon amfani da karfi fiye da kima, tare da tsare wasu fursunoni ba tare da saninsu ba ko kuma a tilasta musu bacewa. Yana damuwa da rahotannin da ke cewa an yi wa iyalan mutanen da jami'an tsaro suka kashe barazana da kada su yi magana. Har yanzu yana cikin damuwa game da ci gaba da takaita 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran. |url=https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/IR/Report_of_the_Special_Rapporteur_on_the_situation_of_human_rights_in_the_Islamic_Republic_of_IranA4361.pdf |access-date=22 March 2020 |website=ohchr.org |publisher=Human Rights Council}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, Larijani ya kasance darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Lissafi da Lissafi a [[Tehran]] . A da, ya kasance wakilin Majlis kuma darektan Cibiyar Bincike ta Majlis . Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin ministan harkokin waje a shekarun 1980. &lt;ref name=&quot;katzman13&quot;/&gt;

=== Ra'ayoyi ===
A wata hira da aka yi da NBC News a shekarar 2010, Larijani ta kare kamen Nasrin Sotoudeh, wata mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata 'yan kasar Iran, kuma fitacciyar lauya mai kare hakkin dan adam. An tsare Sotoudeh a watan Satumba kuma tana fuskantar shari'a kan &quot;hada baki da tsaron kasa&quot; da kuma &quot;yaɗa farfaganda kan Jamhuriyar Musulunci.&quot; [1] Larijani ta shaida wa NBC News cewa hukumomin Iran sun yi imanin cewa tana cikin &quot;wani mummunan kamfen&quot; kan tsaron kasa na Iran. Nasrin Sotoudeh tana aiki ne a kamfanin lauyoyi na Shirin Ebadi . Shirin Ebadi ita ce wadda ta sami kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel ta 2003.
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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  <page>
    <title>Moud Goba</title>
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'''Moud Goba''' 'yar [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabue]] ce mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam. Ita '[[Ƴan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] ce a [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] inda ta isa a matsayin matashi mai neman mafaka da ke tserewa daga Zimbabwe bayan shekaru na tsanantawa saboda kasancewa lesbian.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
Goba ta girma ne a [[Harare|Harare, Zimbabwe]] .  Ta tsere daga kasar a lokacin mulkin [[Robert Mugabe]],  wanda ya ga cin zarafi da tsananta wa masu luwadi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Attitude2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 September 2017 |title=Attitude Pride Award Winner: LGBT asylum seeker activist Moud Goba |url=https://www.attitude.co.uk/pride-awards/attitude-pride-award-winner-lgbt-asylum-seeker-activist-moud-goba-285169/ |access-date=22 July 2023 |website=[[Attitude (magazine)|Attitude]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Muparamoto2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Muparamoto |first=Nelson |date=11 November 2021 |title=LGBT individuals and the struggle against Robert Mugabe's extirpation in Zimbabwe |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/bafr/13/3/article-pS1_1.xml?language=en |journal=Africa Review |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=S1–S16 |doi=10.1080/09744053.2020.1812042 |s2cid=225237647 |url-access=subscription |access-date=22 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan ta nemi mafaka a Burtaniya, ta jira shekaru biyu don a ba da bukatar ta. Goba ya bayyana jira a matsayin &quot;lokacin yin sa kai ga kungiyoyi da yawa kuma ya kafa nata - Gay Afrika - don taimaka mini in sami wasu kamar ni da ke zaune a Burtaniya&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Cairns2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cairns |first=Kay |date=15 January 2017 |title=Zim gay activist in the UK: Moud Goba – &quot;Part gay but all human&quot; |url=https://nehandaradio.com/2017/01/15/letter-zimbabwe-moud-goba-part-gay-human/ |access-date=24 July 2023 |website=Nehanda Radio |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yunkurin fafutuka ==
Goba na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa kungiyar Black Pride ta Burtaniya, wani taron alfahari na baƙar fata a London wanda ya faru tun shekara ta 2005. &lt;ref name=&quot;LGBTLeaders&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Moud Goba |url=https://lgbtleaders.co.uk/speaker/moud-goba/ |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=LGBTLeaders.co.uk |language=en |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131021955/https://lgbtleaders.co.uk/speaker/moud-goba/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A halin yanzu ita ce shugabar kwamitin daraktoci su.

Goba yana aiki a matsayin manajan aikin Micro Rainbow International, ƙungiyar agaji da ke tallafawa mutanen LGBTIQ+ marasa gida da ke neman mafaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Diva2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 April 2023 |title=Meet the visionaries blazing a trail for LGBTQIA women and non-binary people |url=https://diva-magazine.com/2023/04/22/the-diva-power-list-2023-is-here/ |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=[[Diva (magazine)|Diva]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Goba yana aiki don taimakawa 'yan gudun hijira a kan ƙwarewar aiki da kuma jagorantar aikin gidaje masu aminci na MRI, wanda ke da gidaje 25,000 marasa gida LGBTIQ + a kowace shekara. Goba yana mai da hankali kan 'yan gudun hijira da suka isa Burtaniya daga Afghanistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;lesrencontreseconomiques&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Moud Goba |url=https://www.lesrencontreseconomiques.fr/en/speakers/moud-goba/ |access-date=25 July 2023 |website=[[Rencontres Economiques d'Aix-en-Provence]] |language=en |archive-date=21 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721015804/https://www.lesrencontreseconomiques.fr/en/speakers/moud-goba/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2022, Goba ya kasance wani ɓangare na fareti don haƙƙin LGBTIQ+ a buɗe Wasannin Commonwealth a Filin wasa na Alexander a Birmingham, Ingila, tare da wasu masu fafutuka biyar da kuma mai nutsewa na Ingila [[Tom Daley]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;NewZimbabwe2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 July 2022 |title=Zimbabwean lesbian and refugee part of gay rights parade at Commonwealth Games opening |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/zimbabwean-lesbian-and-refugee-part-of-gay-rights-parade-at-commonwealth-games-opening/ |access-date=25 July 2023 |website=NewZimbabwe.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Don hadin gwiwar da ta yi da kungiyoyin Burtaniya wajen taimakawa 'yan gudun hijira na LGBTIQ+, an haɗa Goba a cikin jerin masu gwagwarmayar Global Citizen a cikin 2023, tana mai cewa &quot;ta kasance tabbas karfi ne don mai da hankali ga 2023&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Okunola2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okunola |first=Akindare |date=16 December 2022 |title=18 Activists You Should Absolutely Look Out for in 2023 |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/activists-to-watch-in-2023/ |access-date=24 July 2023 |website=[[Global Citizen Festival|Global Citizen]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da girmamawa ==
A cikin 2015, The Independent ya kira Goba a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mutane 100 na LGBTIQ+ a Burtaniya saboda kwarewarta ta aiki tare da 'yan gudun hijira na LGBITY+.

A cikin 2017, mujallar LGBT Attitude ta amince da taimakon Goba ga sauran 'yan gudun hijira ta hanyar girmama ta da lambar yabo ta Attitude Pride . &lt;ref name=&quot;Attitude2017&quot;/&gt;

A cikin 2022, an lissafa Goba a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Mata 100 na BBC, suna godiya ga gudummawar da ta bayar ga masu neman mafaka da 'yan gudun hijira na LGBTIQ +.

A cikin 2023, Goba ya sami lambar yabo ta BET International ta Global Good Award don &quot;ci gaba da wuraren tsaro na LGBTQ+ da haɗin gwiwar 'yan gudun hijira a cikin al'umma&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramachandran2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=20 June 2023 |title=LGBTQ+ Activist Moud Goba to be Honored With 2023 BET International Global Good Award (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/global/lgbtq-bet-international-global-good-award-moud-goba-1235649174 |access-date=21 July 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Musa Didam</title>
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    <id>148479</id>
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      <id>828857</id>
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'''Musa Didam''' (14 ga Afrilu 1933 - 6 ga Nuwamba 2018) ya kasance tsohon Shugaban Gundumar [[Kafanchan]]  (Kafanchan Kewaye), sannan a cikin Masarautar Jama'a kuma daga baya masarautar asalin ƙasar Fantswam, [[Jerin jihohin gargajiya na Najeriya|Jihar gargajiya ta Najeriya]] a kudanci [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], Najeriya. An kuma san shi da taken &quot;''Mallam Musa Didam,''&quot; &quot;Mr. Musa Didam&quot; da &quot;''Agwam Fantswam I.''&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Composition of the State's Council of Chiefs, Kaduna State Government |url=https://localgov.kdsg.gov.ng/?page_id=31 |access-date=11 August 2020 |archive-date=15 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115175652/https://localgov.kdsg.gov.ng/?page_id=31 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 June 2019 |title=LIST OF EMIRS AND CHIEFS IN KADUNA STATE UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP IF EMIR IF ZAZZAU |url=https://royaltymagazine.com.ng/list-of-emirs-and-chiefs-in-kaduna-state-under-the-chairmanship-of-emir-of-zazzau/ |access-date=11 August 2020 |website=Royalty Magazine }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ibrahim |first=Longtong |date=1 June 2016 |title=SOUTHERN KADUNA TRADITIONAL RULERS SUPPORT CHILD BIRTH SPACING |url=https://www.africaprimenews.com/2016/06/01/health/southern-kaduna-traditional-leaders-support-child-birth-spacing/ |access-date=11 August 2020 |website=Africa Prime News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
HRH Agwam Musa Didam an haife shi ne a Chen (H. Kurmi), Zikpak, [[Kafancan|Fantswam]] (Kafanchan), a cikin tsohuwar [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Yankin Arewa]], [[Mallakar Najeriya|Birtaniya Najeriya]] (''yanzu'' Fantswam) [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], Najeriya, a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 1933. Mahaifinsa, Didam Dadyi manomi ne kuma mahaifiyarsa, Ndwan Kuhyeb uwar gida ce.&lt;ref name=Bio/&gt;

Matashin Didam ya fara ne a Ofishin Jakadancin Cikin Gida na Sudan (SIM), a [[Kafancan|Fantswam]] (Kafanchan) bayan haka ya ci gaba zuwa Ofishin Jakadun Cikin Gida (SIM, [[Kagoro|Gworok]] (Kagoro), don kammala karatun firamare. Bayan karfafawa sosai daga mahaifinsa, bayan kammala karatunsa na firamare ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Katsina don karatun digiri na III da na II tsakanin 1958 - 1964. Daga cikin takwarorinsa da suka halarci kwalejin tare da shi sune Mista Micah Kalat, Col. Iliya Baba (mutu) da Mallam Abubakar Sanga .&lt;ref name=Bio/&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Didam ya fara aiki a ilimi a matsayin malami, ya tashi ya zama shugaban makarantar firamare, Ancha sannan daga baya, makarantar firamaren, [[Kaura|Watyap (Kaura)]] inda ya bar alamomi.&lt;ref name=Bio/&gt;

Da yake yana son ilimi, ya ci gaba kuma ya sami Takardar shaidar Ilimi ta Kasa a Kwalejin Ilimi kuma yana daga cikin ɗaliban farko na Kwalejin Malamai (ATC), Kafanchan . Daga nan sai ya ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] (ABU), [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]] inda ya sami B.Ed. a cikin Lissafi.&lt;ref name=Bio/&gt;

A matsayinsa na ɗan wasan, ya zama kyaftin din [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] da hockey na wannan ma'aikatar.

== Rayuwar iyali ==
Didam ya auri Miss Akamai Atyong wanda ya sadu da shi yayin da yake [[Kagoro|Gworok (Kagoro)]] a shekara ta 1954. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya goma wato: Hauwa, Lydia, Victor, Angela, Simon, Usman, Serah, Gin, Tuman da Jang. Da yake shi uba ne mai ƙauna da kulawa, ya jimre cewa 'ya'yansa sun sami ilimi sosai. Ya kasance a lokacin binne shi, an albarkace shi da jikoki 22 da jikoki tara.&lt;ref name=Bio&gt;{{Cite book |title=Biography section of Burial programme |publisher=Family}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar imani ==
Didam ya yarda da Ubangiji [[Isa|Yesu Kristi]] a matsayin mai ceton kansa kuma ya yi baftisma a shekarar 1964. Yayinda yake girma a rayuwar ruhaniya, ya zama memba na Boys' Brigade da Scouts kuma mai shiga cikin ayyukansu. Ya kuma kasance memba na ƙungiyar maza na coci kuma ya taimaka wajen bunkasa cocin, domin yana da ƙarfin zuciya, ƙarfin zuciya kuma ya yi wa Allah da mutum hidima da dukan zuciyarsa.&lt;ref name=Bio/&gt;

== Matsayin shugabanci ==
Didam ya kasance jagora a tsakanin takwarorinsa da matasa kuma ya shiga cikin ci gaban al'umma kamar gine-ginen hanya da gada da ke haɗa ƙauyuka da yawa a kusa, kuma koyaushe yana jagora. Ya kuma so ya shiga cikin tarurruka da aka yi niyyar bunkasa al'ummar Fantswam.&lt;ref name=Bio/&gt;

Wadannan da sauransu sun haifar da zabinsa a tsakanin wasu da yawa don zama Shugaban Gundumar Fantswam na farko lokacin da aka kirkiro sabon gundumar a 1991. Sarautarsa ta kasance alama ce ta yawan masu sauraron sa inda ya ba da kunnuwa ga kowa ba tare da la'akari da kabilanci ko addini ba.&lt;ref name=Bio/&gt;

Bayan bukatar da shi da sauran 'ya'ya maza da mata na Fantswam suka yi don kirkirar Fantswam Chiefdom da kuma kirkirar shi da gwamnan [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] na lokacin, [[Ahmed Makarfi]], an sanya shi Agwam Fantswam na farko (Kafanchan) a ranar 25 ga Janairun 2001. An kirkiro ƙarin gundumomi shida don yin bakwai don shugabanci don sauƙaƙe gudanarwa da haɓaka saurin a lokacin mulkinsa.&lt;ref name=Bio/&gt;

== Rashin lafiya da mutuwa ==
{{Photomontage
| photo1a = Agwam Fantswam I Graveyard 1.jpg
| photo2a = Agwam Musa Didam Graveyard 2.jpg
| photo2b =Agwam Musa Didam Graveyard 3.jpg
| spacing = 2
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 250
| foot_montage =&lt;sup&gt;Resting place of Agwam Musa Didam, Zikpak, Kafanchan&lt;/sup&gt;}}
Didam ya sha wahala daga [[Ciwon suga|Ciwon sukari]] da hawan jini na shekaru da yawa, kuma bayan shekaru 17 a matsayin Agwam [[Kafancan|Fantswam]] I, ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 2018, yana da shekaru 85.  An binne shi a gidansa a Zikpak, Fantswam (Kafanchan) a ranar Jumma'a 9 ga Nuwamba 2018.

== Kisan matarsa ==
Kafofin yada labarai da yawa sun ruwaito cewa makiyaya na Fulani sun mamaye gidansa a ranar 25 ga Yulin 2020 inda suka kashe matarsa, ɗan'uwansa (mahaifin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, [[Joe El]]), suna ƙone gidan a cikin tsari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 July 2020 |title=Fulani herdsmen defy curfew to attack Southern Kaduna communities |url=https://thecitizenng.com/fulani-herdsmen-defy-curfew-to-attack-southern-kaduna-communities/ |access-date=11 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==
{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|Zikpak royal house|14 April|1933|6 November|2018|}}
{{S-reg}}
{{S-bef}}
{{S-ttl|title=Agwam Fantswam}}
{{S-aft}}
{{S-end}}
[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mr. Jones (fim na 2019)</title>
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 {{databox}}

'''''Mr. Jones''''' ('''''Mr Jones''''' in the United Kingdom; Polish: Obywatel Jones, lit. 'Citizen Jones'; Yukren: «Ціна правди», rumanci: Tsina pravdy, lit. 'Alfaharin Gaskiya') fim din labarin rayuwa ne na 2019 wanda {{Interlanguage link|Andrea Chalupa|uk|Андреа Халупа}} ya rubuta kuma aka samar tare da shi kuma Agnieszka Holland ya bada umurni. Labari ne game da rayuwar ma'aikacin jarida na Welsh wato Gareth Jones, wanda ya gano gaskiya game da fari mai hadari (Holodomor) wanda miliyoyin mutane suka mutu a SSR Ukraniya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Soviet Union]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gareth Jones: The Welsh Investigative Journalist |url=https://www.garethjones.org/ |website=GarethJones.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An zaɓi fim ɗin don yin gasa na kyautar Golden Bear a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Berlin na 69. 

== Labari ==
A 1933, Gareth Jones matashi ne mai burin gaske, wanda ya sami shahara saboda hira da [[Adolf Hitler]]. Da ne ga malamin Turanci a mulkin mallaka na Welsh na Hughesovka a Soviet Yukren, Jones ya damu da tambayar yadda Tarayyar Soviet ta [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] za ta iya samun kashe kudi, saboda lambobin ba su yi daidai ba. Jones yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan siyasa ga David Lloyd George, tsohon Firayim Minista na Burtaniya, amma tare da iyakantaccen kudade saboda matsalolin tattalin arziki, kuma bayan ya kasa yin shari'arsa a wani taro mai mahimmanci, an kore shi.

== Yan wasa ==
* [[James Norton (actor)|James Norton]] a matsayin [[Gareth Jones (journalist)|Gareth Jones]]
* [[Vanessa Kirby]] a matsayin Ada Brooks
* [[Peter Sarsgaard]] a matsayin [[Walter Duranty]]
* [[Kenneth Cranham]] a matsayin [[David Lloyd George]]
* [[Joseph Mawle]] a matsayin [[George Orwell]]
* Celyn Jones a matsayin Matthew
* [[Krzysztof Pieczyński]] a matsayin [[Maxim Litvinov]]
* [[Beata Poźniak]] a matsayin [[Rhea Clyman]]
* [[Fenella Woolgar]] a matsayin [[Frances Stevenson|Miss Stevenson]]
* Martin Bishop a matsayin [[Ernest Bennett (politician)|Sir Ernest Bennett]]
* Edward Wolstenholme a matsayin [[Eugene Lyons]]
* [[Marcin Czarnik]] a matsayin Paul Kleb

* [[Matthew Marsh (actor)|Matthew Marsh]] a matsayin [[William Randolph Hearst]] 

== Saki ==
''Mr. Jones'' ya fara fitowa a duniya a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin na 69 a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2019.  A wannan watan Agusta, ''Samuel Goldwyn Films'' ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin a Arewacin Amurka. An fitar da fim din a Poland a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 2019 ta Kino Świat,  a Yukren a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 2019 ta MMD UA,  kuma a Ingila a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 2020 ta ''Signature Entertainment.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Obywatel Jones |url=https://kinoswiat.pl/film/obywatel-jones/ |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=[[Kino Świat]] |language=pl}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 September 2019 |title=Official Ukrainian poster for Mr. Jones Movie release |url=https://film.ua/en/news/2175 |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=[[Film.UA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mr Jones |url=https://www.signature-entertainment.co.uk/film/mr-jones/ |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=Signature Entertainment |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130194414/https://www.signature-entertainment.co.uk/film/mr-jones/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Asalin da aka shirya don fitowarsa a gidajen kallo na 3 ga Afrilu 2020 a Amurka,  an fitar da fim din a gidajen kallo a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2020, a fage na dijital a ranar 19 ga Yuni kuma a bidiyo akan buƙata a ranar 3 ga Yuli.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mr. Jones |url=http://www.samuelgoldwynfilms.com/mr-jones/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225183000/http://www.samuelgoldwynfilms.com/mr-jones/ |archive-date=25 February 2020 |access-date=1 August 2023 |publisher=[[Samuel Goldwyn Films]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Radish |first=Christina |date=22 June 2020 |title=James Norton on the Timeliness of 'Mr. Jones' and Working with Joss Whedon on HBO's 'The Nevers' |url=https://collider.com/james-norton-mr-jones-the-nevers-interview/ |access-date=1 August 2023 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyaututtuka ==
Fim din ya lashe kyautar Grand Prix Golden Lions a bikin fina-finai na Poland na 44 a shekarar 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Salwa |first=Ola |date=23 September 2019 |title=''Mr. Jones'' tames the Golden Lions at the Polish Film Festival in Gdynia |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/378608 |access-date=27 October 2019 |website=[[Cineuropa]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Kashe-kashen jama'a a karkashin mulkin kwaminisanci

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* [http://garethjonessociety.org Ƙungiyar Gareth Jones]
{{Agnieszka Holland}}{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2019]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Beşiktaş</title>
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        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
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      <text bytes="2655" sha1="s4sdl47v04l81z52it900mvqtt775zo" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[Fayil:Logo of Beşiktaş JK.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Beşiktaş footballteam photo (November 2017).jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Beşiktaş 2015-1.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Beşiktaş 2015-4.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Beşiktaş J.K.JPG|thumb]]
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Beşiktaş J.K.
| fullname = Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü
| nickname = Kara Kartallar (The Black Eagles)
| founded = 1903
| ground = Vodafone Park
| capacity = 42,590
| chairman = Serdal Adalı
| manager = Fernando Santos
| league = Süper Lig
| website = https://bjk.com.tr
}}

'''Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke a birnin [[Istanbul]], ƙasar Turkiyya. An kafa ta a shekarar 1903, kuma tana daga cikin tsofaffin kungiyoyin wasanni a ƙasar. Kungiyar tana da lakabi da '''Kara Kartallar''' ma’ana “Black Eagles” saboda salon wasanta mai ƙarfi da jarumtaka.&lt;ref&gt;Beşiktaş Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Beşiktaş tana cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku na ƙasar [[Turkiyya]] tare da [[Galatasaray]] da Fenerbahçe. Wadannan kungiyoyi uku su ne ke jan ragamar gasar Süper Lig tsawon shekaru da dama, inda suke fafatawa sosai domin lashe kofuna.&lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Filin wasan kungiyar shi ne '''Vodafone Park''', wanda ke kusa da Bosphorus a [[Istanbul]]. An bude wannan fili a shekarar 2016 bayan rushe tsohon filin Inönü Stadium. Filin yana da kyakkyawan tsari da kayan zamani wanda ke jan hankalin magoya baya daga ko’ina cikin duniya.&lt;ref&gt;Vodafone Park Stadium Info&lt;/ref&gt;

Beşiktaş ta lashe gasar Süper Lig sau da dama, tare da kofuna na cikin gida kamar Turkish Cup da Turkish Super Cup. Har ila yau, ta taba wakiltar Turkiyya a gasannin Turai kamar [[UEFA Champions League]] da [[UEFA Europa League]].&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Statistics&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar tana da tarihin fitar da manyan ‘yan wasa da suka yi fice a duniya, ciki har da Rıza Çalımbay, Sergen Yalçın da kuma Ricardo Quaresma. Wadannan ‘yan wasa sun taka rawar gani wajen daukaka sunan kungiyar a duniya.&lt;ref&gt;Player Profiles Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Magoya bayan Beşiktaş suna daga cikin mafi aminci da kuzari a Turkiyya. Ana kiransu '''Çarşı''', kuma sun shahara wajen goyon bayan kungiyar da rera wakoki a filin wasa, wanda ke kara wa kungiyar kwarin gwiwa yayin wasa.&lt;ref&gt;Çarşı Fan Group History&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar Beşiktaş ba kawai ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ba ce, tana kuma da sauran bangarorin wasanni kamar kwallon kwando, volleyball da sauran su. Wannan ya sa ta zama cikakkiyar kungiyar wasanni a Turkiyya.&lt;ref&gt;Beşiktaş Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Stub}}

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>William Grainger Blount</title>
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      <id>828829</id>
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        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349740508|William Grainger Blount]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne William Grainger Blount''' (1784 - 21 ga Mayu, 1827) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne wanda ya wakilci gundumar Tennessee ta 2 a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1815 zuwa 1819. Shi ne ɗan gwamnan Yankin Kudu maso Yamma William Blount kuma ɗan'uwan gwamnan Tennessee Willie Blount, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin wannan a matsayin Sakataren Gwamnatin Tennessee daga 1811 zuwa 1815. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blount, William Grainger |url=https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/blount-william-grainger}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
An haifi Blount a kusa da New Bern, North Carolina, a cikin Craven County, ɗan fari na William Blount da Mary Grainger Blount. Ya halarci New Bern Academy . A shekara ta 1792, bayan nadin mahaifinsa a matsayin Gwamna na Yankin Kudu maso Yamma, ya koma tare da iyayensa zuwa Knoxville, wanda aka zaba a matsayin sabon babban birnin yankin. Ya yi karatun shari'a kuma an shigar da shi cikin lauya a cikin 1805. Bai taba yin aure ba kuma ba shi da 'ya'ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://dgmweb.net/FGS/B/BlountWilliamGrainger.html |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Ancestry.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Blount ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Knoxville . Ya kuma shiga aikin gona. A shekara ta 1811, an zabe shi a Majalisar Wakilai ta Tennessee . &lt;ref name=&quot;bioguide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000571 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba da daɗewa ba, Babban Taron ya zabe shi Sakataren Gwamnatin Tennessee. Da yake aiki tare da kawunsa, Gwamna Willie Blount, ya taimaka wajen daidaita kokarin Yakin Jihar na 1812,  kuma ya tabbatar da &quot;Walker Line&quot; a matsayin iyaka tsakanin Tennessee da [[Kentucky]]. 

Bayan mutuwar John Sevier a 1815, an zabi Blount a kujerarsa a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka, inda ya ci John Cocke da kuri'un 1,583 zuwa 1,355.  An sake zabarsa a shekara ta 1817, inda ya sake kayar da Cocke da ƙarancin kuri'u, kuri'u 3,627 zuwa 3,429.&lt;ref name=&quot;ourcampaigns&quot; /&gt; Da yake aiki a matsayin dan Jam'iyyar Democrat-Republican a majalisa Na goma sha huɗu Na goma sha biyar,  Blount ya ci gaba da neman ƙirƙirar sabbin hanyoyin gidan waya a duk gundumar sa, gami da hanyar da ke haɗa Maryville da Sevierville, hanyar da ke haɗawa da Seviervila da Dandridge, da kuma hanyar da ke haɗi da Morganton, Tennessee, da Carnesville, Georgia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/william_blount/401544 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Govtrack US Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kada kuri'a don amincewa da lissafin 1816 wanda ya sake tabbatar da tsaka-tsaki na kasar,  kuma ya kada kuri'ar adawa da Dokar Bonus ta 1817 (ya kuma kada kuri'u don tallafawa Shugaba [[James Madison]] na Dokar Bonus). &lt;ref name=&quot;housejournal&quot; /&gt;

Da yake zabar kada ya tsaya takara a karo na uku, Blount ya ci gaba da aikin lauya a Knoxville. A shekara ta 1818, ya zama mai mallakar Blount Mansion, gidan da mahaifinsa ya gina a cikin birni. Ya koma Paris, Tennessee, a 1826, inda ya ci gaba da yin aiki a matsayin lauya.&lt;ref name=&quot;bioguide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000571 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000571 &quot;William Grainger Blount&quot;]. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;12 February&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Mayu, 1827, kuma an binne shi a Kabari na Birni a Paris, Tennessee . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/blount.html#336.44.59 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=The Political Graveyard}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==
{{Congbio|B000571}}{{S-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{S-bef}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Secretary of State of Tennessee]]}}
{{S-aft}}
{{S-par|us-hs}}
{{US House succession box}}
{{S-end}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828830</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-02T17:02:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
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'''William Grainger Blount''' (1784 - 21 ga Mayu, 1827) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne wanda ya wakilci gundumar Tennessee ta 2 a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1815 zuwa 1819. Shi ne ɗan gwamnan Yankin Kudu maso Yamma William Blount kuma ɗan'uwan gwamnan Tennessee Willie Blount, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin wannan a matsayin Sakataren Gwamnatin Tennessee daga 1811 zuwa 1815. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blount, William Grainger |url=https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/blount-william-grainger}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
An haifi Blount a kusa da New Bern, North Carolina, a cikin Craven County, ɗan fari na William Blount da Mary Grainger Blount. Ya halarci New Bern Academy . A shekara ta 1792, bayan nadin mahaifinsa a matsayin Gwamna na Yankin Kudu maso Yamma, ya koma tare da iyayensa zuwa Knoxville, wanda aka zaba a matsayin sabon babban birnin yankin. Ya yi karatun shari'a kuma an shigar da shi cikin lauya a cikin 1805. Bai taba yin aure ba kuma ba shi da 'ya'ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://dgmweb.net/FGS/B/BlountWilliamGrainger.html |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Ancestry.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Blount ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Knoxville . Ya kuma shiga aikin gona. A shekara ta 1811, an zabe shi a Majalisar Wakilai ta Tennessee . &lt;ref name=&quot;bioguide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000571 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba da daɗewa ba, Babban Taron ya zabe shi Sakataren Gwamnatin Tennessee. Da yake aiki tare da kawunsa, Gwamna Willie Blount, ya taimaka wajen daidaita kokarin Yakin Jihar na 1812,  kuma ya tabbatar da &quot;Walker Line&quot; a matsayin iyaka tsakanin Tennessee da [[Kentucky]]. 

Bayan mutuwar John Sevier a 1815, an zabi Blount a kujerarsa a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka, inda ya ci John Cocke da kuri'un 1,583 zuwa 1,355.  An sake zabarsa a shekara ta 1817, inda ya sake kayar da Cocke da ƙarancin kuri'u, kuri'u 3,627 zuwa 3,429.&lt;ref name=&quot;ourcampaigns&quot; /&gt; Da yake aiki a matsayin dan Jam'iyyar Democrat-Republican a majalisa Na goma sha huɗu Na goma sha biyar,  Blount ya ci gaba da neman ƙirƙirar sabbin hanyoyin gidan waya a duk gundumar sa, gami da hanyar da ke haɗa Maryville da Sevierville, hanyar da ke haɗawa da Seviervila da Dandridge, da kuma hanyar da ke haɗi da Morganton, Tennessee, da Carnesville, Georgia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/william_blount/401544 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Govtrack US Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kada kuri'a don amincewa da lissafin 1816 wanda ya sake tabbatar da tsaka-tsaki na kasar,  kuma ya kada kuri'ar adawa da Dokar Bonus ta 1817 (ya kuma kada kuri'u don tallafawa Shugaba [[James Madison]] na Dokar Bonus). &lt;ref name=&quot;housejournal&quot; /&gt;

Da yake zabar kada ya tsaya takara a karo na uku, Blount ya ci gaba da aikin lauya a Knoxville. A shekara ta 1818, ya zama mai mallakar Blount Mansion, gidan da mahaifinsa ya gina a cikin birni. Ya koma Paris, Tennessee, a 1826, inda ya ci gaba da yin aiki a matsayin lauya.&lt;ref name=&quot;bioguide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000571 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Mayu, 1827, kuma an binne shi a Kabari na Birni a Paris, Tennessee . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/blount.html#336.44.59 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=The Political Graveyard}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==
{{Congbio|B000571}}{{S-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{S-bef}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Secretary of State of Tennessee]]}}
{{S-aft}}
{{S-par|us-hs}}
{{US House succession box}}
{{S-end}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828831</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-02T17:02:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828831</origin>
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'''William Grainger Blount''' (1784 - 21 ga Mayu, 1827) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne wanda ya wakilci gundumar Tennessee ta 2 a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1815 zuwa 1819. Shi ne ɗan gwamnan Yankin Kudu maso Yamma William Blount kuma ɗan'uwan gwamnan Tennessee Willie Blount, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin wannan a matsayin Sakataren Gwamnatin Tennessee daga 1811 zuwa 1815. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blount, William Grainger |url=https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/blount-william-grainger}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
An haifi Blount a kusa da New Bern, North Carolina, a cikin Craven County, ɗan fari na William Blount da Mary Grainger Blount. Ya halarci New Bern Academy . A shekara ta 1792, bayan nadin mahaifinsa a matsayin Gwamna na Yankin Kudu maso Yamma, ya koma tare da iyayensa zuwa Knoxville, wanda aka zaba a matsayin sabon babban birnin yankin. Ya yi karatun shari'a kuma an shigar da shi cikin lauya a cikin 1805. Bai taba yin aure ba kuma ba shi da 'ya'ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://dgmweb.net/FGS/B/BlountWilliamGrainger.html |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Ancestry.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Blount ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Knoxville . Ya kuma shiga aikin gona. A shekara ta 1811, an zabe shi a Majalisar Wakilai ta Tennessee . &lt;ref name=&quot;bioguide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000571 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba da daɗewa ba, Babban Taron ya zabe shi Sakataren Gwamnatin Tennessee. Da yake aiki tare da kawunsa, Gwamna Willie Blount, ya taimaka wajen daidaita kokarin Yakin Jihar na 1812,  kuma ya tabbatar da &quot;Walker Line&quot; a matsayin iyaka tsakanin Tennessee da [[Kentucky]]. 

Bayan mutuwar John Sevier a 1815, an zabi Blount a kujerarsa a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka, inda ya ci John Cocke da kuri'un 1,583 zuwa 1,355.  An sake zabarsa a shekara ta 1817, inda ya sake kayar da Cocke da ƙarancin kuri'u, kuri'u 3,627 zuwa 3,429.&lt;ref name=&quot;ourcampaigns&quot; /&gt; Da yake aiki a matsayin dan Jam'iyyar Democrat-Republican a majalisa Na goma sha huɗu Na goma sha biyar,  Blount ya ci gaba da neman ƙirƙirar sabbin hanyoyin gidan waya a duk gundumar sa, gami da hanyar da ke haɗa Maryville da Sevierville, hanyar da ke haɗawa da Seviervila da Dandridge, da kuma hanyar da ke haɗi da Morganton, Tennessee, da Carnesville, Georgia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/william_blount/401544 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Govtrack US Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kada kuri'a don amincewa da lissafin 1816 wanda ya sake tabbatar da tsaka-tsaki na kasar,  kuma ya kada kuri'ar adawa da Dokar Bonus ta 1817 (ya kuma kada kuri'u don tallafawa Shugaba [[James Madison]] na Dokar Bonus). &lt;ref name=&quot;housejournal&quot; /&gt;

Da yake zabar kada ya tsaya takara a karo na uku, Blount ya ci gaba da aikin lauya a Knoxville. A shekara ta 1818, ya zama mai mallakar Blount Mansion, gidan da mahaifinsa ya gina a cikin birni. Ya koma Paris, Tennessee, a 1826, inda ya ci gaba da yin aiki a matsayin lauya.&lt;ref name=&quot;bioguide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000571 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Mayu, 1827, kuma an binne shi a Kabari na Birni a Paris, Tennessee . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/blount.html#336.44.59 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=The Political Graveyard}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==
{{Congbio|B000571}}{{S-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{S-bef}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Secretary of State of Tennessee]]}}
{{S-aft}}
{{S-par|us-hs}}
{{US House succession box}}
{{S-end}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828832</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-02T17:04:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
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'''William Grainger Blount''' (1784 - 21 ga Mayu, 1827) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne wanda ya wakilci gundumar Tennessee ta 2 a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1815 zuwa 1819. Shi ne ɗan gwamnan Yankin Kudu maso Yamma William Blount kuma ɗan'uwan gwamnan Tennessee Willie Blount, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin wannan a matsayin Sakataren Gwamnatin Tennessee daga 1811 zuwa 1815. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blount, William Grainger |url=https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/blount-william-grainger}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
An haifi Blount a kusa da New Bern, North Carolina, a cikin Craven County, ɗan fari na William Blount da Mary Grainger Blount. Ya halarci New Bern Academy . A shekara ta 1792, bayan nadin mahaifinsa a matsayin Gwamna na Yankin Kudu maso Yamma, ya koma tare da iyayensa zuwa Knoxville, wanda aka zaba a matsayin sabon babban birnin yankin. Ya yi karatun shari'a kuma an shigar da shi cikin lauya a cikin 1805. Bai taba yin aure ba kuma ba shi da 'ya'ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://dgmweb.net/FGS/B/BlountWilliamGrainger.html |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Ancestry.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Blount ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Knoxville . Ya kuma shiga aikin gona. A shekara ta 1811, an zabe shi a Majalisar Wakilai ta Tennessee . &lt;ref name=&quot;bioguide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000571 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba da daɗewa ba, Babban Taron ya zabe shi Sakataren Gwamnatin Tennessee. Da yake aiki tare da kawunsa, Gwamna Willie Blount, ya taimaka wajen daidaita kokarin Yakin Jihar na 1812,  kuma ya tabbatar da &quot;Walker Line&quot; a matsayin iyaka tsakanin Tennessee da [[Kentucky]]. 

Bayan mutuwar John Sevier a 1815, an zabi Blount a kujerarsa a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka, inda ya ci John Cocke da kuri'un 1,583 zuwa 1,355.&lt;ref name=ourcampaigns&gt;[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=233172 Candidate: William Grainger Blount], ''Our Campaigns''.  Retrieved: 20 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; An sake zabarsa a shekara ta 1817, inda ya sake kayar da Cocke da ƙarancin kuri'u, kuri'u 3,627 zuwa 3,429.&lt;ref name=&quot;ourcampaigns&quot; /&gt; Da yake aiki a matsayin dan Jam'iyyar Democrat-Republican a majalisa Na goma sha huɗu Na goma sha biyar,  Blount ya ci gaba da neman ƙirƙirar sabbin hanyoyin gidan waya a duk gundumar sa, gami da hanyar da ke haɗa Maryville da Sevierville, hanyar da ke haɗawa da Seviervila da Dandridge, da kuma hanyar da ke haɗi da Morganton, Tennessee, da Carnesville, Georgia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/william_blount/401544 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Govtrack US Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kada kuri'a don amincewa da lissafin 1816 wanda ya sake tabbatar da tsaka-tsaki na kasar,  kuma ya kada kuri'ar adawa da Dokar Bonus ta 1817 (ya kuma kada kuri'u don tallafawa Shugaba [[James Madison]] na Dokar Bonus). &lt;ref name=&quot;housejournal&quot; /&gt;

Da yake zabar kada ya tsaya takara a karo na uku, Blount ya ci gaba da aikin lauya a Knoxville. A shekara ta 1818, ya zama mai mallakar Blount Mansion, gidan da mahaifinsa ya gina a cikin birni. Ya koma Paris, Tennessee, a 1826, inda ya ci gaba da yin aiki a matsayin lauya.&lt;ref name=&quot;bioguide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000571 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Mayu, 1827, kuma an binne shi a Kabari na Birni a Paris, Tennessee . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/blount.html#336.44.59 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=The Political Graveyard}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==
{{Congbio|B000571}}{{S-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{S-bef}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Secretary of State of Tennessee]]}}
{{S-aft}}
{{S-par|us-hs}}
{{US House succession box}}
{{S-end}}</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
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'''William Grainger Blount''' (1784 - 21 ga Mayu, 1827) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne wanda ya wakilci gundumar Tennessee ta 2 a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1815 zuwa 1819. Shi ne ɗan gwamnan Yankin Kudu maso Yamma William Blount kuma ɗan'uwan gwamnan Tennessee Willie Blount, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin wannan a matsayin Sakataren Gwamnatin Tennessee daga 1811 zuwa 1815. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blount, William Grainger |url=https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/blount-william-grainger}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
An haifi Blount a kusa da New Bern, North Carolina, a cikin Craven County, ɗan fari na William Blount da Mary Grainger Blount. Ya halarci New Bern Academy . A shekara ta 1792, bayan nadin mahaifinsa a matsayin Gwamna na Yankin Kudu maso Yamma, ya koma tare da iyayensa zuwa Knoxville, wanda aka zaba a matsayin sabon babban birnin yankin. Ya yi karatun shari'a kuma an shigar da shi cikin lauya a cikin 1805. Bai taba yin aure ba kuma ba shi da 'ya'ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://dgmweb.net/FGS/B/BlountWilliamGrainger.html |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Ancestry.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Blount ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Knoxville . Ya kuma shiga aikin gona. A shekara ta 1811, an zabe shi a Majalisar Wakilai ta Tennessee . &lt;ref name=&quot;bioguide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000571 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba da daɗewa ba, Babban Taron ya zabe shi Sakataren Gwamnatin Tennessee. Da yake aiki tare da kawunsa, Gwamna Willie Blount, ya taimaka wajen daidaita kokarin Yakin Jihar na 1812,  kuma ya tabbatar da &quot;Walker Line&quot; a matsayin iyaka tsakanin Tennessee da [[Kentucky]]. 

Bayan mutuwar John Sevier a 1815, an zabi Blount a kujerarsa a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka, inda ya ci John Cocke da kuri'un 1,583 zuwa 1,355.&lt;ref name=ourcampaigns&gt;[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=233172 Candidate: William Grainger Blount], ''Our Campaigns''.  Retrieved: 20 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; An sake zabarsa a shekara ta 1817, inda ya sake kayar da Cocke da ƙarancin kuri'u, kuri'u 3,627 zuwa 3,429.&lt;ref name=&quot;ourcampaigns&quot; /&gt; Da yake aiki a matsayin dan Jam'iyyar Democrat-Republican a majalisa Na goma sha huɗu Na goma sha biyar,  Blount ya ci gaba da neman ƙirƙirar sabbin hanyoyin gidan waya a duk gundumar sa, gami da hanyar da ke haɗa Maryville da Sevierville, hanyar da ke haɗawa da Seviervila da Dandridge, da kuma hanyar da ke haɗi da Morganton, Tennessee, da Carnesville, Georgia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/william_blount/401544 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Govtrack US Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kada kuri'a don amincewa da lissafin 1816 wanda ya sake tabbatar da tsaka-tsaki na kasar, &lt;ref name=housejournal&gt;''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zn09AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22william+g.+blount%22 Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States]'' (Francis Childs and John Swain, 1816), pp. 89, 104, 270, 548.&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya kada kuri'ar adawa da Dokar Bonus ta 1817 (ya kuma kada kuri'u don tallafawa Shugaba [[James Madison]] na Dokar Bonus). &lt;ref name=&quot;housejournal&quot; /&gt;

Da yake zabar kada ya tsaya takara a karo na uku, Blount ya ci gaba da aikin lauya a Knoxville. A shekara ta 1818, ya zama mai mallakar Blount Mansion, gidan da mahaifinsa ya gina a cikin birni. Ya koma Paris, Tennessee, a 1826, inda ya ci gaba da yin aiki a matsayin lauya.&lt;ref name=&quot;bioguide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000571 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Mayu, 1827, kuma an binne shi a Kabari na Birni a Paris, Tennessee . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/blount.html#336.44.59 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=The Political Graveyard}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==
{{Congbio|B000571}}{{S-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{S-bef}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Secretary of State of Tennessee]]}}
{{S-aft}}
{{S-par|us-hs}}
{{US House succession box}}
{{S-end}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828864</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-02T19:24:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
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'''William Grainger Blount''' (1784 - 21 ga Mayu, 1827) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne wanda ya wakilci gundumar Tennessee ta 2 a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1815 zuwa 1819. Shi ne ɗan gwamnan Yankin Kudu maso Yamma William Blount kuma ɗan'uwan gwamnan Tennessee Willie Blount, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin wannan a matsayin Sakataren Gwamnatin Tennessee daga 1811 zuwa 1815.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blount, William Grainger |url=https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/blount-william-grainger}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
An haifi Blount a kusa da New Bern, North Carolina, a cikin Craven County, ɗan fari na William Blount da Mary Grainger Blount. Ya halarci New Bern Academy . A shekara ta 1792, bayan nadin mahaifinsa a matsayin Gwamna na Yankin Kudu maso Yamma, ya koma tare da iyayensa zuwa Knoxville, wanda aka zaba a matsayin sabon babban birnin yankin. Ya yi karatun shari'a kuma an shigar da shi cikin lauya a cikin 1805. Bai taba yin aure ba kuma ba shi da 'ya'ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://dgmweb.net/FGS/B/BlountWilliamGrainger.html |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Ancestry.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Blount ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Knoxville . Ya kuma shiga aikin gona. A shekara ta 1811, an zabe shi a Majalisar Wakilai ta Tennessee . &lt;ref name=&quot;bioguide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000571 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba da daɗewa ba, Babban Taron ya zabe shi Sakataren Gwamnatin Tennessee. Da yake aiki tare da kawunsa, Gwamna Willie Blount, ya taimaka wajen daidaita kokarin Yakin Jihar na 1812,  kuma ya tabbatar da &quot;Walker Line&quot; a matsayin iyaka tsakanin Tennessee da [[Kentucky]]. 

Bayan mutuwar John Sevier a 1815, an zabi Blount a kujerarsa a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka, inda ya ci John Cocke da kuri'un 1,583 zuwa 1,355.&lt;ref name=ourcampaigns&gt;[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=233172 Candidate: William Grainger Blount], ''Our Campaigns''.  Retrieved: 20 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; An sake zabarsa a shekara ta 1817, inda ya sake kayar da Cocke da ƙarancin kuri'u, kuri'u 3,627 zuwa 3,429.&lt;ref name=&quot;ourcampaigns&quot; /&gt; Da yake aiki a matsayin dan Jam'iyyar Democrat-Republican a majalisa Na goma sha huɗu Na goma sha biyar,  Blount ya ci gaba da neman ƙirƙirar sabbin hanyoyin gidan waya a duk gundumar sa, gami da hanyar da ke haɗa Maryville da Sevierville, hanyar da ke haɗawa da Seviervila da Dandridge, da kuma hanyar da ke haɗi da Morganton, Tennessee, da Carnesville, Georgia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/william_blount/401544 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Govtrack US Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kada kuri'a don amincewa da lissafin 1816 wanda ya sake tabbatar da tsaka-tsaki na kasar, &lt;ref name=housejournal&gt;''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zn09AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22william+g.+blount%22 Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States]'' (Francis Childs and John Swain, 1816), pp. 89, 104, 270, 548.&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya kada kuri'ar adawa da Dokar Bonus ta 1817 (ya kuma kada kuri'u don tallafawa Shugaba [[James Madison]] na Dokar Bonus). &lt;ref name=&quot;housejournal&quot; /&gt;

Da yake zabar kada ya tsaya takara a karo na uku, Blount ya ci gaba da aikin lauya a Knoxville. A shekara ta 1818, ya zama mai mallakar Blount Mansion, gidan da mahaifinsa ya gina a cikin birni. Ya koma Paris, Tennessee, a 1826, inda ya ci gaba da yin aiki a matsayin lauya.&lt;ref name=&quot;bioguide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000571 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Mayu, 1827, kuma an binne shi a Kabari na Birni a Paris, Tennessee . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/blount.html#336.44.59 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=The Political Graveyard}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==
{{Congbio|B000571}}{{S-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{S-bef}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Secretary of State of Tennessee]]}}
{{S-aft}}
{{S-par|us-hs}}
{{US House succession box}}
{{S-end}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828866</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
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'''William Grainger Blount''' (1784 - 21 ga Mayu, 1827) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne wanda ya wakilci gundumar Tennessee ta 2 a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1815 zuwa 1819. Shi ne ɗan gwamnan Yankin Kudu maso Yamma William Blount kuma ɗan'uwan gwamnan Tennessee Willie Blount, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin wannan a matsayin Sakataren Gwamnatin Tennessee daga 1811 zuwa 1815.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blount, William Grainger |url=https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/blount-william-grainger}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
An haifi Blount a kusa da New Bern, North Carolina, a cikin Craven County, ɗan fari na William Blount da Mary Grainger Blount. Ya halarci New Bern Academy . A shekara ta 1792, bayan nadin mahaifinsa a matsayin Gwamna na Yankin Kudu maso Yamma, ya koma tare da iyayensa zuwa Knoxville, wanda aka zaba a matsayin sabon babban birnin yankin. Ya yi karatun shari'a kuma an shigar da shi cikin lauya a cikin 1805. Bai taba yin aure ba kuma ba shi da 'ya'ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://dgmweb.net/FGS/B/BlountWilliamGrainger.html |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Ancestry.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Blount ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Knoxville. Ya kuma shiga aikin gona. A shekara ta 1811, an zabe shi a Majalisar Wakilai ta Tennessee.&lt;ref name=&quot;bioguide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000571 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba da daɗewa ba, Babban Taron ya zabe shi Sakataren Gwamnatin Tennessee. Da yake aiki tare da kawunsa, Gwamna Willie Blount, ya taimaka wajen daidaita kokarin Yakin Jihar na 1812,  kuma ya tabbatar da &quot;Walker Line&quot; a matsayin iyaka tsakanin Tennessee da [[Kentucky]]. 

Bayan mutuwar John Sevier a 1815, an zabi Blount a kujerarsa a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka, inda ya ci John Cocke da kuri'un 1,583 zuwa 1,355.&lt;ref name=ourcampaigns&gt;[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=233172 Candidate: William Grainger Blount], ''Our Campaigns''.  Retrieved: 20 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; An sake zabarsa a shekara ta 1817, inda ya sake kayar da Cocke da ƙarancin kuri'u, kuri'u 3,627 zuwa 3,429.&lt;ref name=&quot;ourcampaigns&quot; /&gt; Da yake aiki a matsayin dan Jam'iyyar Democrat-Republican a majalisa Na goma sha huɗu Na goma sha biyar,  Blount ya ci gaba da neman ƙirƙirar sabbin hanyoyin gidan waya a duk gundumar sa, gami da hanyar da ke haɗa Maryville da Sevierville, hanyar da ke haɗawa da Seviervila da Dandridge, da kuma hanyar da ke haɗi da Morganton, Tennessee, da Carnesville, Georgia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/william_blount/401544 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Govtrack US Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kada kuri'a don amincewa da lissafin 1816 wanda ya sake tabbatar da tsaka-tsaki na kasar, &lt;ref name=housejournal&gt;''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zn09AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22william+g.+blount%22 Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States]'' (Francis Childs and John Swain, 1816), pp. 89, 104, 270, 548.&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya kada kuri'ar adawa da Dokar Bonus ta 1817 (ya kuma kada kuri'u don tallafawa Shugaba [[James Madison]] na Dokar Bonus). &lt;ref name=&quot;housejournal&quot; /&gt;

Da yake zabar kada ya tsaya takara a karo na uku, Blount ya ci gaba da aikin lauya a Knoxville. A shekara ta 1818, ya zama mai mallakar Blount Mansion, gidan da mahaifinsa ya gina a cikin birni. Ya koma Paris, Tennessee, a 1826, inda ya ci gaba da yin aiki a matsayin lauya.&lt;ref name=&quot;bioguide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000571 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Mayu, 1827, kuma an binne shi a Kabari na Birni a Paris, Tennessee . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/blount.html#336.44.59 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=The Political Graveyard}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==
{{Congbio|B000571}}{{S-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{S-bef}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Secretary of State of Tennessee]]}}
{{S-aft}}
{{S-par|us-hs}}
{{US House succession box}}
{{S-end}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828978</id>
      <parentid>828866</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T07:22:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
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'''William Grainger Blount''' (1784 - 21 ga Mayu, 1827) ɗan siyasan [[Amurka]] ne wanda ya wakilci gundumar [[Tennessee]] ta 2 a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1815 zuwa 1819. Shi ne ɗan gwamnan Yankin Kudu maso Yamma William Blount kuma ɗan'uwan gwamnan Tennessee Willie Blount, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin wannan a matsayin Sakataren Gwamnatin Tennessee daga 1811 zuwa 1815.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blount, William Grainger |url=https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/blount-william-grainger}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
An haifi Blount a kusa da New Bern, North Carolina, a cikin Craven County, ɗan fari na William Blount da Mary Grainger Blount. Ya halarci New Bern Academy . A shekara ta 1792, bayan nadin mahaifinsa a matsayin Gwamna na Yankin Kudu maso Yamma, ya koma tare da iyayensa zuwa Knoxville, wanda aka zaba a matsayin sabon babban birnin yankin. Ya yi karatun shari'a kuma an shigar da shi cikin lauya a cikin 1805. Bai taba yin aure ba kuma ba shi da 'ya'ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://dgmweb.net/FGS/B/BlountWilliamGrainger.html |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Ancestry.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Blount ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Knoxville. Ya kuma shiga aikin gona. A shekara ta 1811, an zabe shi a Majalisar Wakilai ta Tennessee.&lt;ref name=&quot;bioguide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000571 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba da daɗewa ba, Babban Taron ya zabe shi Sakataren Gwamnatin Tennessee. Da yake aiki tare da kawunsa, Gwamna Willie Blount, ya taimaka wajen daidaita kokarin Yakin Jihar na 1812,  kuma ya tabbatar da &quot;Walker Line&quot; a matsayin iyaka tsakanin Tennessee da [[Kentucky]]. 

Bayan mutuwar John Sevier a 1815, an zabi Blount a kujerarsa a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka, inda ya ci John Cocke da kuri'un 1,583 zuwa 1,355.&lt;ref name=ourcampaigns&gt;[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=233172 Candidate: William Grainger Blount], ''Our Campaigns''.  Retrieved: 20 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; An sake zabarsa a shekara ta 1817, inda ya sake kayar da Cocke da ƙarancin kuri'u, kuri'u 3,627 zuwa 3,429.&lt;ref name=&quot;ourcampaigns&quot; /&gt; Da yake aiki a matsayin dan Jam'iyyar Democrat-Republican a majalisa Na goma sha huɗu Na goma sha biyar,  Blount ya ci gaba da neman ƙirƙirar sabbin hanyoyin gidan waya a duk gundumar sa, gami da hanyar da ke haɗa Maryville da Sevierville, hanyar da ke haɗawa da Seviervila da Dandridge, da kuma hanyar da ke haɗi da Morganton, Tennessee, da Carnesville, Georgia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/william_blount/401544 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Govtrack US Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kada kuri'a don amincewa da lissafin 1816 wanda ya sake tabbatar da tsaka-tsaki na kasar, &lt;ref name=housejournal&gt;''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zn09AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22william+g.+blount%22 Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States]'' (Francis Childs and John Swain, 1816), pp. 89, 104, 270, 548.&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya kada kuri'ar adawa da Dokar Bonus ta 1817 (ya kuma kada kuri'u don tallafawa Shugaba [[James Madison]] na Dokar Bonus). &lt;ref name=&quot;housejournal&quot; /&gt;

Da yake zabar kada ya tsaya takara a karo na uku, Blount ya ci gaba da aikin lauya a Knoxville. A shekara ta 1818, ya zama mai mallakar Blount Mansion, gidan da mahaifinsa ya gina a cikin birni. Ya koma Paris, Tennessee, a 1826, inda ya ci gaba da yin aiki a matsayin lauya.&lt;ref name=&quot;bioguide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000571 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Mayu, 1827, kuma an binne shi a Kabari na Birni a Paris, Tennessee . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Grainger Blount |url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/blount.html#336.44.59 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=The Political Graveyard}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==
{{Congbio|B000571}}{{S-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{S-bef}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Secretary of State of Tennessee]]}}
{{S-aft}}
{{S-par|us-hs}}
{{US House succession box}}
{{S-end}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Love in Self Defense (fim)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148872</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828834</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T17:12:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341424243|Love in Self Defense]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>828834</origin>
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      <text bytes="5375" sha1="r9pq91at8ctwb4toc64q0yf9qtjz9pv" xml:space="preserve">Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na Love in Self Defense (Spanish: ) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Mutanen Espanya na 2006 wanda Rafa Russo ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya zira kwallaye a karon farko na darektan. Tauraruwar Ana Fernández da Gustavo Garzón.

== Labarin shirin ==
An kafa shi a Gabashin gabar tekun Spain, makircin ya biyo bayan rikice-rikice da aka kafa tsakanin wata mace mara aiki da ke da'awar zama mai zane (Adriana) da tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Argentina wanda ya zama mai zamba (Rubén) a lokacin da suka haɗu a mashaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yan Wasan Shirin ==
{{Cast listing|* [[Ana Fernández (actress, born 1963)|Ana Fernández]] as Adriana&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Gustavo Garzón]] as Rubén&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Andrés Gertrúdix]] as Damián&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Manuel Morón|es}} as Ernesto&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ginés García Millán]] as Basilio&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209151838/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2021|website=[[British Film Institute]]|title=Amor en defensa propia (2006)|access-date=2 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Carlos Kaniowsky&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/peliculas-criticas/a11914/amor-en-defensa-propia/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|title=Amor en defensa propia|date=29 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bárbara Goenaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Pere Arquillué|ca|Pere Arquillué i Cortadella}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;}}

== Fitarwa ==
Mediapro ce ta samar da fim din tare da NBCUniversal Global Networks, kuma yana da halartar Antena 3. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHolland2006&quot;&gt;Holland, Jonathan (11 April 2006). [https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ &quot;Love in Self Defense&quot;]. ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An harbe shi a lardunan Barcelona da Tarragona.&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCendros2006&quot;&gt;Cendros, Teresa (9 June 2006). [https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html &quot;Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional&quot;]. ''[[El País]]''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saki ==
Fim din ya fara ne a gasar a bikin fina-finai na 9 na Málaga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;elpais&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pérez |first=Fernando J. |date=24 March 2006 |title=Rafa Russo estrena en Málaga 'Amor en defensa propia' |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/03/24/cine/1143154802_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rarraba ta UIP,  an sake shi a Spain a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHolland2006&quot;&gt;Holland, Jonathan (11 April 2006). [https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ &quot;Love in Self Defense&quot;]. ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karɓuwa ==
Jonathan Holland na Variety ya kimanta cewa fim din &quot;mai saurin cinyewa, mai saurin cin wuta&quot; ya fito &quot;kamar fim din zamba&quot;, &quot;da sauri yana canzawa cikin wani abu mafi ''Bambancin'' da rikitarwa&quot;, yana haskakawa ta hanyar &quot;tabbatar da shi ga ainihin yanayin da kuma gaskiyar motsin zuciyarsa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHolland2006&quot;&gt;Holland, Jonathan (11 April 2006). [https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ &quot;Love in Self Defense&quot;]. ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Casimiro Torreiro na El País ya yi la'akari da cewa fim din ya cika da yanayin da ke da wuyar kamawa a fim, ya ''Kasar'' &quot;gina ilimin halayyar mutum ga halayensa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Torreiro |first=Casimiro |date=9 June 2006 |title=A la deriva |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804008_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin fina-finai na Mutanen Espanya na 2006

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>r9pq91at8ctwb4toc64q0yf9qtjz9pv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828835</id>
      <parentid>828834</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T17:14:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828835</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4262" sha1="e2q5elx56658k1pv29amu90qnupoeba" xml:space="preserve">Love in Self Defense (Spanish: ) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Mutanen Espanya na 2006 wanda Rafa Russo ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya zira kwallaye a karon farko na darektan. Tauraruwar Ana Fernández da Gustavo Garzón.

== Labarin shirin ==
An kafa shi a Gabashin gabar tekun Spain, makircin ya biyo bayan rikice-rikice da aka kafa tsakanin wata mace mara aiki da ke da'awar zama mai zane (Adriana) da tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Argentina wanda ya zama mai zamba (Rubén) a lokacin da suka haɗu a mashaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yan Wasan Shirin ==
{{Cast listing|* [[Ana Fernández (actress, born 1963)|Ana Fernández]] as Adriana&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Gustavo Garzón]] as Rubén&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Andrés Gertrúdix]] as Damián&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Manuel Morón|es}} as Ernesto&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ginés García Millán]] as Basilio&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209151838/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2021|website=[[British Film Institute]]|title=Amor en defensa propia (2006)|access-date=2 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Carlos Kaniowsky&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/peliculas-criticas/a11914/amor-en-defensa-propia/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|title=Amor en defensa propia|date=29 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bárbara Goenaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Pere Arquillué|ca|Pere Arquillué i Cortadella}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;}}

== Fitarwa ==
Mediapro ce ta samar da fim din tare da NBCUniversal Global Networks, kuma yana da halartar Antena 3. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haska shi a lardunan Barcelona da Tarragona.&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saki ==
Fim din ya fara ne a gasar a bikin fina-finai na 9 na Málaga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;elpais&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pérez |first=Fernando J. |date=24 March 2006 |title=Rafa Russo estrena en Málaga 'Amor en defensa propia' |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/03/24/cine/1143154802_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rarraba ta UIP,  an sake shi a Spain a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karɓuwa ==
Jonathan Holland na Variety ya kimanta cewa fim din &quot;mai saurin cinyewa, mai saurin cin wuta&quot; ya fito &quot;kamar fim din zamba&quot;, &quot;da sauri yana canzawa cikin wani abu mafi ''Bambancin'' da rikitarwa&quot;, yana haskakawa ta hanyar &quot;tabbatar da shi ga ainihin yanayin da kuma gaskiyar motsin zuciyarsa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Casimiro Torreiro na El País ya yi la'akari da cewa fim din ya cika da yanayin da ke da wuyar kamawa a fim, ya ''Kasar'' &quot;gina ilimin halayyar mutum ga halayensa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Torreiro |first=Casimiro |date=9 June 2006 |title=A la deriva |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804008_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin fina-finai na Mutanen Espanya na 2006

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>e2q5elx56658k1pv29amu90qnupoeba</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828836</id>
      <parentid>828835</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T17:15:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828836</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4272" sha1="lxgcodcw9lozum6qj69j0npw69nady9" xml:space="preserve">'''''Love in Self Defense''''' (Spanish: ) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Mutanen Espanya na 2006 wanda Rafa Russo ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya zira kwallaye a karon farko na darektan. Tauraruwar Ana Fernández da Gustavo Garzón.

== Labarin shirin ==
An kafa shi a Gabashin gabar tekun Spain, makircin ya biyo bayan rikice-rikice da aka kafa tsakanin wata mace mara aiki da ke da'awar zama mai zane (Adriana) da tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Argentina wanda ya zama mai zamba (Rubén) a lokacin da suka haɗu a mashaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yan Wasan Shirin ==
{{Cast listing|* [[Ana Fernández (actress, born 1963)|Ana Fernández]] as Adriana&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Gustavo Garzón]] as Rubén&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Andrés Gertrúdix]] as Damián&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Manuel Morón|es}} as Ernesto&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ginés García Millán]] as Basilio&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209151838/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2021|website=[[British Film Institute]]|title=Amor en defensa propia (2006)|access-date=2 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Carlos Kaniowsky&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/peliculas-criticas/a11914/amor-en-defensa-propia/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|title=Amor en defensa propia|date=29 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bárbara Goenaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Pere Arquillué|ca|Pere Arquillué i Cortadella}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;}}

== Fitarwa ==
Mediapro ce ta samar da fim din tare da NBCUniversal Global Networks, kuma yana da halartar Antena 3. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haska shi a lardunan Barcelona da Tarragona.&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saki ==
Fim din ya fara ne a gasar a bikin fina-finai na 9 na Málaga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;elpais&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pérez |first=Fernando J. |date=24 March 2006 |title=Rafa Russo estrena en Málaga 'Amor en defensa propia' |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/03/24/cine/1143154802_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rarraba ta UIP,  an sake shi a Spain a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karɓuwa ==
Jonathan Holland na Variety ya kimanta cewa fim din &quot;mai saurin cinyewa, mai saurin cin wuta&quot; ya fito &quot;kamar fim din zamba&quot;, &quot;da sauri yana canzawa cikin wani abu mafi ''Bambancin'' da rikitarwa&quot;, yana haskakawa ta hanyar &quot;tabbatar da shi ga ainihin yanayin da kuma gaskiyar motsin zuciyarsa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Casimiro Torreiro na El País ya yi la'akari da cewa fim din ya cika da yanayin da ke da wuyar kamawa a fim, ya ''Kasar'' &quot;gina ilimin halayyar mutum ga halayensa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Torreiro |first=Casimiro |date=9 June 2006 |title=A la deriva |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804008_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin fina-finai na Mutanen Espanya na 2006

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>lxgcodcw9lozum6qj69j0npw69nady9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828837</id>
      <parentid>828836</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T17:16:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Yan Wasan Shirin */</comment>
      <origin>828837</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4255" sha1="okw0fakj2dnz82zkpcftdwq9felx7eh" xml:space="preserve">'''''Love in Self Defense''''' (Spanish: ) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Mutanen Espanya na 2006 wanda Rafa Russo ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya zira kwallaye a karon farko na darektan. Tauraruwar Ana Fernández da Gustavo Garzón.

== Labarin shirin ==
An kafa shi a Gabashin gabar tekun Spain, makircin ya biyo bayan rikice-rikice da aka kafa tsakanin wata mace mara aiki da ke da'awar zama mai zane (Adriana) da tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Argentina wanda ya zama mai zamba (Rubén) a lokacin da suka haɗu a mashaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yan Wasan Shirin ==
* [[Ana Fernández (actress, born 1963)|Ana Fernández]] as Adriana&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Gustavo Garzón]] as Rubén&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Andrés Gertrúdix]] as Damián&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Manuel Morón|es}} as Ernesto&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ginés García Millán]] as Basilio&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209151838/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2021|website=[[British Film Institute]]|title=Amor en defensa propia (2006)|access-date=2 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Carlos Kaniowsky&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/peliculas-criticas/a11914/amor-en-defensa-propia/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|title=Amor en defensa propia|date=29 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bárbara Goenaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Pere Arquillué|ca|Pere Arquillué i Cortadella}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;

== Fitarwa ==
Mediapro ce ta samar da fim din tare da NBCUniversal Global Networks, kuma yana da halartar Antena 3. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haska shi a lardunan Barcelona da Tarragona.&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saki ==
Fim din ya fara ne a gasar a bikin fina-finai na 9 na Málaga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;elpais&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pérez |first=Fernando J. |date=24 March 2006 |title=Rafa Russo estrena en Málaga 'Amor en defensa propia' |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/03/24/cine/1143154802_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rarraba ta UIP,  an sake shi a Spain a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karɓuwa ==
Jonathan Holland na Variety ya kimanta cewa fim din &quot;mai saurin cinyewa, mai saurin cin wuta&quot; ya fito &quot;kamar fim din zamba&quot;, &quot;da sauri yana canzawa cikin wani abu mafi ''Bambancin'' da rikitarwa&quot;, yana haskakawa ta hanyar &quot;tabbatar da shi ga ainihin yanayin da kuma gaskiyar motsin zuciyarsa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Casimiro Torreiro na El País ya yi la'akari da cewa fim din ya cika da yanayin da ke da wuyar kamawa a fim, ya ''Kasar'' &quot;gina ilimin halayyar mutum ga halayensa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Torreiro |first=Casimiro |date=9 June 2006 |title=A la deriva |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804008_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin fina-finai na Mutanen Espanya na 2006

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>okw0fakj2dnz82zkpcftdwq9felx7eh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828838</id>
      <parentid>828837</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T17:16:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828838</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4267" sha1="kkjjd908hyd0tft9jv8qoz115w09dc1" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''''Love in Self Defense''''' (Spanish: ) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Mutanen Espanya na 2006 wanda Rafa Russo ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya zira kwallaye a karon farko na darektan. Tauraruwar Ana Fernández da Gustavo Garzón.

== Labarin shirin ==
An kafa shi a Gabashin gabar tekun Spain, makircin ya biyo bayan rikice-rikice da aka kafa tsakanin wata mace mara aiki da ke da'awar zama mai zane (Adriana) da tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Argentina wanda ya zama mai zamba (Rubén) a lokacin da suka haɗu a mashaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yan Wasan Shirin ==
* [[Ana Fernández (actress, born 1963)|Ana Fernández]] as Adriana&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Gustavo Garzón]] as Rubén&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Andrés Gertrúdix]] as Damián&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Manuel Morón|es}} as Ernesto&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ginés García Millán]] as Basilio&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209151838/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2021|website=[[British Film Institute]]|title=Amor en defensa propia (2006)|access-date=2 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Carlos Kaniowsky&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/peliculas-criticas/a11914/amor-en-defensa-propia/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|title=Amor en defensa propia|date=29 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bárbara Goenaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Pere Arquillué|ca|Pere Arquillué i Cortadella}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;

== Fitarwa ==
Mediapro ce ta samar da fim din tare da NBCUniversal Global Networks, kuma yana da halartar Antena 3. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haska shi a lardunan Barcelona da Tarragona.&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saki ==
Fim din ya fara ne a gasar a bikin fina-finai na 9 na Málaga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;elpais&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pérez |first=Fernando J. |date=24 March 2006 |title=Rafa Russo estrena en Málaga 'Amor en defensa propia' |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/03/24/cine/1143154802_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rarraba ta UIP,  an sake shi a Spain a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karɓuwa ==
Jonathan Holland na Variety ya kimanta cewa fim din &quot;mai saurin cinyewa, mai saurin cin wuta&quot; ya fito &quot;kamar fim din zamba&quot;, &quot;da sauri yana canzawa cikin wani abu mafi ''Bambancin'' da rikitarwa&quot;, yana haskakawa ta hanyar &quot;tabbatar da shi ga ainihin yanayin da kuma gaskiyar motsin zuciyarsa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Casimiro Torreiro na El País ya yi la'akari da cewa fim din ya cika da yanayin da ke da wuyar kamawa a fim, ya ''Kasar'' &quot;gina ilimin halayyar mutum ga halayensa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Torreiro |first=Casimiro |date=9 June 2006 |title=A la deriva |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804008_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin fina-finai na Mutanen Espanya na 2006

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>kkjjd908hyd0tft9jv8qoz115w09dc1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828850</id>
      <parentid>828838</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T18:43:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Uncle Bash007 moved page [[Love in Self Defense]] to [[Love in Self Defense (fim)]]</comment>
      <origin>828838</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4267" sha1="kkjjd908hyd0tft9jv8qoz115w09dc1" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''''Love in Self Defense''''' (Spanish: ) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Mutanen Espanya na 2006 wanda Rafa Russo ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya zira kwallaye a karon farko na darektan. Tauraruwar Ana Fernández da Gustavo Garzón.

== Labarin shirin ==
An kafa shi a Gabashin gabar tekun Spain, makircin ya biyo bayan rikice-rikice da aka kafa tsakanin wata mace mara aiki da ke da'awar zama mai zane (Adriana) da tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Argentina wanda ya zama mai zamba (Rubén) a lokacin da suka haɗu a mashaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yan Wasan Shirin ==
* [[Ana Fernández (actress, born 1963)|Ana Fernández]] as Adriana&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Gustavo Garzón]] as Rubén&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Andrés Gertrúdix]] as Damián&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Manuel Morón|es}} as Ernesto&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ginés García Millán]] as Basilio&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209151838/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2021|website=[[British Film Institute]]|title=Amor en defensa propia (2006)|access-date=2 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Carlos Kaniowsky&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/peliculas-criticas/a11914/amor-en-defensa-propia/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|title=Amor en defensa propia|date=29 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bárbara Goenaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Pere Arquillué|ca|Pere Arquillué i Cortadella}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;

== Fitarwa ==
Mediapro ce ta samar da fim din tare da NBCUniversal Global Networks, kuma yana da halartar Antena 3. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haska shi a lardunan Barcelona da Tarragona.&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saki ==
Fim din ya fara ne a gasar a bikin fina-finai na 9 na Málaga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;elpais&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pérez |first=Fernando J. |date=24 March 2006 |title=Rafa Russo estrena en Málaga 'Amor en defensa propia' |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/03/24/cine/1143154802_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rarraba ta UIP,  an sake shi a Spain a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karɓuwa ==
Jonathan Holland na Variety ya kimanta cewa fim din &quot;mai saurin cinyewa, mai saurin cin wuta&quot; ya fito &quot;kamar fim din zamba&quot;, &quot;da sauri yana canzawa cikin wani abu mafi ''Bambancin'' da rikitarwa&quot;, yana haskakawa ta hanyar &quot;tabbatar da shi ga ainihin yanayin da kuma gaskiyar motsin zuciyarsa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Casimiro Torreiro na El País ya yi la'akari da cewa fim din ya cika da yanayin da ke da wuyar kamawa a fim, ya ''Kasar'' &quot;gina ilimin halayyar mutum ga halayensa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Torreiro |first=Casimiro |date=9 June 2006 |title=A la deriva |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804008_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin fina-finai na Mutanen Espanya na 2006

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>kkjjd908hyd0tft9jv8qoz115w09dc1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828854</id>
      <parentid>828850</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T19:04:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828854</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4281" sha1="4jobpen514vfsg5amzfocw5mderzo1w" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''''Love in Self Defense''''' (Spanish: ) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Mutanen Espanya na 2006 wanda Rafa Russo ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya yi nasara a karo na farko na darektan fim. Taurarin fim din su ne Ana Fernández da Gustavo Garzón.

== Labarin shirin ==
An kafa shi a Gabashin gabar tekun Spain, makircin ya biyo bayan rikice-rikice da aka kafa tsakanin wata mace mara aiki da ke da'awar zama mai zane (Adriana) da tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Argentina wanda ya zama mai zamba (Rubén) a lokacin da suka haɗu a mashaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yan Wasan Shirin ==
* [[Ana Fernández (actress, born 1963)|Ana Fernández]] as Adriana&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Gustavo Garzón]] as Rubén&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Andrés Gertrúdix]] as Damián&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Manuel Morón|es}} as Ernesto&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ginés García Millán]] as Basilio&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209151838/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2021|website=[[British Film Institute]]|title=Amor en defensa propia (2006)|access-date=2 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Carlos Kaniowsky&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/peliculas-criticas/a11914/amor-en-defensa-propia/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|title=Amor en defensa propia|date=29 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bárbara Goenaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Pere Arquillué|ca|Pere Arquillué i Cortadella}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;

== Fitarwa ==
Mediapro ce ta samar da fim din tare da NBCUniversal Global Networks, kuma yana da halartar Antena 3. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haska shi a lardunan Barcelona da Tarragona.&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saki ==
Fim din ya fara ne a gasar a bikin fina-finai na 9 na Málaga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;elpais&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pérez |first=Fernando J. |date=24 March 2006 |title=Rafa Russo estrena en Málaga 'Amor en defensa propia' |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/03/24/cine/1143154802_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rarraba ta UIP,  an sake shi a Spain a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karɓuwa ==
Jonathan Holland na Variety ya kimanta cewa fim din &quot;mai saurin cinyewa, mai saurin cin wuta&quot; ya fito &quot;kamar fim din zamba&quot;, &quot;da sauri yana canzawa cikin wani abu mafi ''Bambancin'' da rikitarwa&quot;, yana haskakawa ta hanyar &quot;tabbatar da shi ga ainihin yanayin da kuma gaskiyar motsin zuciyarsa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Casimiro Torreiro na El País ya yi la'akari da cewa fim din ya cika da yanayin da ke da wuyar kamawa a fim, ya ''Kasar'' &quot;gina ilimin halayyar mutum ga halayensa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Torreiro |first=Casimiro |date=9 June 2006 |title=A la deriva |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804008_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin fina-finai na Mutanen Espanya na 2006

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>4jobpen514vfsg5amzfocw5mderzo1w</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828855</id>
      <parentid>828854</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T19:05:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Labarin shirin */</comment>
      <origin>828855</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4291" sha1="ge46wa8020j1bnk6so4ufo4v15y39e7" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''''Love in Self Defense''''' (Spanish: ) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Mutanen Espanya na 2006 wanda Rafa Russo ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya yi nasara a karo na farko na darektan fim. Taurarin fim din su ne Ana Fernández da Gustavo Garzón.

== Labarin shirin ==
Anyi daukan shirin a Gabashin gabar tekun Sifaniya, makircin ya biyo bayan rikice-rikice da aka kafa tsakanin wata mace mara aiki da ke da'awar zama mai zane (Adriana) da tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Argentina wanda ya zama mai zamba (Rubén) a lokacin da suka haɗu a mashaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yan Wasan Shirin ==
* [[Ana Fernández (actress, born 1963)|Ana Fernández]] as Adriana&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Gustavo Garzón]] as Rubén&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Andrés Gertrúdix]] as Damián&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Manuel Morón|es}} as Ernesto&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ginés García Millán]] as Basilio&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209151838/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2021|website=[[British Film Institute]]|title=Amor en defensa propia (2006)|access-date=2 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Carlos Kaniowsky&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/peliculas-criticas/a11914/amor-en-defensa-propia/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|title=Amor en defensa propia|date=29 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bárbara Goenaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Pere Arquillué|ca|Pere Arquillué i Cortadella}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;

== Fitarwa ==
Mediapro ce ta samar da fim din tare da NBCUniversal Global Networks, kuma yana da halartar Antena 3. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haska shi a lardunan Barcelona da Tarragona.&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saki ==
Fim din ya fara ne a gasar a bikin fina-finai na 9 na Málaga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;elpais&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pérez |first=Fernando J. |date=24 March 2006 |title=Rafa Russo estrena en Málaga 'Amor en defensa propia' |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/03/24/cine/1143154802_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rarraba ta UIP,  an sake shi a Spain a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karɓuwa ==
Jonathan Holland na Variety ya kimanta cewa fim din &quot;mai saurin cinyewa, mai saurin cin wuta&quot; ya fito &quot;kamar fim din zamba&quot;, &quot;da sauri yana canzawa cikin wani abu mafi ''Bambancin'' da rikitarwa&quot;, yana haskakawa ta hanyar &quot;tabbatar da shi ga ainihin yanayin da kuma gaskiyar motsin zuciyarsa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Casimiro Torreiro na El País ya yi la'akari da cewa fim din ya cika da yanayin da ke da wuyar kamawa a fim, ya ''Kasar'' &quot;gina ilimin halayyar mutum ga halayensa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Torreiro |first=Casimiro |date=9 June 2006 |title=A la deriva |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804008_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin fina-finai na Mutanen Espanya na 2006

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>ge46wa8020j1bnk6so4ufo4v15y39e7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828856</id>
      <parentid>828855</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T19:10:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Labarin shirin */</comment>
      <origin>828856</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4302" sha1="qxhnfqbcuxasyshtbuular05g1v72tq" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''''Love in Self Defense''''' (Spanish: ) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Mutanen Espanya na 2006 wanda Rafa Russo ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya yi nasara a karo na farko na darektan fim. Taurarin fim din su ne Ana Fernández da Gustavo Garzón.

== Labarin shirin ==
Anyi daukan shirin a Gabashin gabar tekun Sifaniya, fim din ya bada labarin wani alaka mai sarkakiya tsakanin wata yarinya mara aiki da ke ikirarin cewa ita mai zane ce (Adriana) da tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Argentina wanda ya zama dan zamba (Rubén) a lokacin da suka haɗu a mashaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yan Wasan Shirin ==
* [[Ana Fernández (actress, born 1963)|Ana Fernández]] as Adriana&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Gustavo Garzón]] as Rubén&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Andrés Gertrúdix]] as Damián&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Manuel Morón|es}} as Ernesto&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ginés García Millán]] as Basilio&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209151838/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2021|website=[[British Film Institute]]|title=Amor en defensa propia (2006)|access-date=2 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Carlos Kaniowsky&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/peliculas-criticas/a11914/amor-en-defensa-propia/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|title=Amor en defensa propia|date=29 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bárbara Goenaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Pere Arquillué|ca|Pere Arquillué i Cortadella}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;

== Fitarwa ==
Mediapro ce ta samar da fim din tare da NBCUniversal Global Networks, kuma yana da halartar Antena 3. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haska shi a lardunan Barcelona da Tarragona.&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saki ==
Fim din ya fara ne a gasar a bikin fina-finai na 9 na Málaga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;elpais&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pérez |first=Fernando J. |date=24 March 2006 |title=Rafa Russo estrena en Málaga 'Amor en defensa propia' |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/03/24/cine/1143154802_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rarraba ta UIP,  an sake shi a Spain a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karɓuwa ==
Jonathan Holland na Variety ya kimanta cewa fim din &quot;mai saurin cinyewa, mai saurin cin wuta&quot; ya fito &quot;kamar fim din zamba&quot;, &quot;da sauri yana canzawa cikin wani abu mafi ''Bambancin'' da rikitarwa&quot;, yana haskakawa ta hanyar &quot;tabbatar da shi ga ainihin yanayin da kuma gaskiyar motsin zuciyarsa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Casimiro Torreiro na El País ya yi la'akari da cewa fim din ya cika da yanayin da ke da wuyar kamawa a fim, ya ''Kasar'' &quot;gina ilimin halayyar mutum ga halayensa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Torreiro |first=Casimiro |date=9 June 2006 |title=A la deriva |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804008_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin fina-finai na Mutanen Espanya na 2006

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>qxhnfqbcuxasyshtbuular05g1v72tq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828858</id>
      <parentid>828856</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T19:13:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Fitarwa */</comment>
      <origin>828858</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4310" sha1="ik4f20bgffue9nr5lqlpj6jjp5xwrnt" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''''Love in Self Defense''''' (Spanish: ) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Mutanen Espanya na 2006 wanda Rafa Russo ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya yi nasara a karo na farko na darektan fim. Taurarin fim din su ne Ana Fernández da Gustavo Garzón.

== Labarin shirin ==
Anyi daukan shirin a Gabashin gabar tekun Sifaniya, fim din ya bada labarin wani alaka mai sarkakiya tsakanin wata yarinya mara aiki da ke ikirarin cewa ita mai zane ce (Adriana) da tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Argentina wanda ya zama dan zamba (Rubén) a lokacin da suka haɗu a mashaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yan Wasan Shirin ==
* [[Ana Fernández (actress, born 1963)|Ana Fernández]] as Adriana&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Gustavo Garzón]] as Rubén&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Andrés Gertrúdix]] as Damián&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Manuel Morón|es}} as Ernesto&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ginés García Millán]] as Basilio&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209151838/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2021|website=[[British Film Institute]]|title=Amor en defensa propia (2006)|access-date=2 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Carlos Kaniowsky&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/peliculas-criticas/a11914/amor-en-defensa-propia/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|title=Amor en defensa propia|date=29 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bárbara Goenaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Pere Arquillué|ca|Pere Arquillué i Cortadella}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;

== Fitarwa ==
Mediapro ce ta samar da fim din tare da ''NBCUniversal Global Networks'', kuma yana da halartar Antena 3. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An dauka fim din a lardunan Barcelona da Tarragona.&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saki ==
Fim din ya fara ne a gasar a bikin fina-finai na 9 na Málaga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;elpais&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pérez |first=Fernando J. |date=24 March 2006 |title=Rafa Russo estrena en Málaga 'Amor en defensa propia' |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/03/24/cine/1143154802_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rarraba ta UIP,  an sake shi a Spain a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karɓuwa ==
Jonathan Holland na Variety ya kimanta cewa fim din &quot;mai saurin cinyewa, mai saurin cin wuta&quot; ya fito &quot;kamar fim din zamba&quot;, &quot;da sauri yana canzawa cikin wani abu mafi ''Bambancin'' da rikitarwa&quot;, yana haskakawa ta hanyar &quot;tabbatar da shi ga ainihin yanayin da kuma gaskiyar motsin zuciyarsa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Casimiro Torreiro na El País ya yi la'akari da cewa fim din ya cika da yanayin da ke da wuyar kamawa a fim, ya ''Kasar'' &quot;gina ilimin halayyar mutum ga halayensa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Torreiro |first=Casimiro |date=9 June 2006 |title=A la deriva |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804008_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin fina-finai na Mutanen Espanya na 2006

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>ik4f20bgffue9nr5lqlpj6jjp5xwrnt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828859</id>
      <parentid>828858</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T19:15:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Karɓuwa */</comment>
      <origin>828859</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4315" sha1="778shl7vmxja37m9me7rrmymv43qjfs" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''''Love in Self Defense''''' (Spanish: ) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Mutanen Espanya na 2006 wanda Rafa Russo ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya yi nasara a karo na farko na darektan fim. Taurarin fim din su ne Ana Fernández da Gustavo Garzón.

== Labarin shirin ==
Anyi daukan shirin a Gabashin gabar tekun Sifaniya, fim din ya bada labarin wani alaka mai sarkakiya tsakanin wata yarinya mara aiki da ke ikirarin cewa ita mai zane ce (Adriana) da tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Argentina wanda ya zama dan zamba (Rubén) a lokacin da suka haɗu a mashaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yan Wasan Shirin ==
* [[Ana Fernández (actress, born 1963)|Ana Fernández]] as Adriana&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Gustavo Garzón]] as Rubén&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Andrés Gertrúdix]] as Damián&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Manuel Morón|es}} as Ernesto&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ginés García Millán]] as Basilio&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209151838/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2021|website=[[British Film Institute]]|title=Amor en defensa propia (2006)|access-date=2 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Carlos Kaniowsky&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/peliculas-criticas/a11914/amor-en-defensa-propia/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|title=Amor en defensa propia|date=29 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bárbara Goenaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Pere Arquillué|ca|Pere Arquillué i Cortadella}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;

== Fitarwa ==
Mediapro ce ta samar da fim din tare da ''NBCUniversal Global Networks'', kuma yana da halartar Antena 3. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An dauka fim din a lardunan Barcelona da Tarragona.&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saki ==
Fim din ya fara ne a gasar a bikin fina-finai na 9 na Málaga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;elpais&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pérez |first=Fernando J. |date=24 March 2006 |title=Rafa Russo estrena en Málaga 'Amor en defensa propia' |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/03/24/cine/1143154802_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rarraba ta UIP,  an sake shi a Spain a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bikin fitarwa ==
Jonathan Holland na Variety ya kimanta cewa fim din &quot;mai saurin cinyewa, mai saurin cin wuta&quot; ya fito &quot;kamar fim din zamba&quot;, &quot;da sauri yana canzawa cikin wani abu mafi ''Bambancin'' da rikitarwa&quot;, yana haskakawa ta hanyar &quot;tabbatar da shi ga ainihin yanayin da kuma gaskiyar motsin zuciyarsa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Casimiro Torreiro na El País ya yi la'akari da cewa fim din ya cika da yanayin da ke da wuyar kamawa a fim, ya ''Kasar'' &quot;gina ilimin halayyar mutum ga halayensa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Torreiro |first=Casimiro |date=9 June 2006 |title=A la deriva |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804008_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin fina-finai na Mutanen Espanya na 2006

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>778shl7vmxja37m9me7rrmymv43qjfs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828860</id>
      <parentid>828859</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T19:18:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Bikin fitarwa */</comment>
      <origin>828860</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4315" sha1="99nnaix53fwbqg9h2e7zt8liilcmlen" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''''Love in Self Defense''''' (Spanish: ) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Mutanen Espanya na 2006 wanda Rafa Russo ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya yi nasara a karo na farko na darektan fim. Taurarin fim din su ne Ana Fernández da Gustavo Garzón.

== Labarin shirin ==
Anyi daukan shirin a Gabashin gabar tekun Sifaniya, fim din ya bada labarin wani alaka mai sarkakiya tsakanin wata yarinya mara aiki da ke ikirarin cewa ita mai zane ce (Adriana) da tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Argentina wanda ya zama dan zamba (Rubén) a lokacin da suka haɗu a mashaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yan Wasan Shirin ==
* [[Ana Fernández (actress, born 1963)|Ana Fernández]] as Adriana&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Gustavo Garzón]] as Rubén&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Andrés Gertrúdix]] as Damián&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Manuel Morón|es}} as Ernesto&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ginés García Millán]] as Basilio&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209151838/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2021|website=[[British Film Institute]]|title=Amor en defensa propia (2006)|access-date=2 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Carlos Kaniowsky&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/peliculas-criticas/a11914/amor-en-defensa-propia/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|title=Amor en defensa propia|date=29 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bárbara Goenaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Pere Arquillué|ca|Pere Arquillué i Cortadella}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;

== Fitarwa ==
Mediapro ce ta samar da fim din tare da ''NBCUniversal Global Networks'', kuma yana da halartar Antena 3. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An dauka fim din a lardunan Barcelona da Tarragona.&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saki ==
Fim din ya fara ne a gasar a bikin fina-finai na 9 na Málaga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;elpais&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pérez |first=Fernando J. |date=24 March 2006 |title=Rafa Russo estrena en Málaga 'Amor en defensa propia' |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/03/24/cine/1143154802_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rarraba ta UIP,  an sake shi a Spain a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bikin fitarwa ==
Jonathan Holland na Variety ya kimanta cewa fim din &quot;mai jan hankali, mai cin wuta a hankali&quot; ya fito &quot;kamar fim din zamba&quot;, &quot;da sauri yana canzawa cikin wani abu mafi ''Bambancin'' da rikitarwa&quot;, yana haskakawa ta hanyar &quot;tabbatar da shi ga ainihin yanayin da kuma gaskiyar motsin zuciyarsa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Casimiro Torreiro na El País ya yi la'akari da cewa fim din ya cika da yanayin da ke da wuyar kamawa a fim, ya ''Kasar'' &quot;gina ilimin halayyar mutum ga halayensa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Torreiro |first=Casimiro |date=9 June 2006 |title=A la deriva |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804008_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin fina-finai na Mutanen Espanya na 2006

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>99nnaix53fwbqg9h2e7zt8liilcmlen</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828861</id>
      <parentid>828860</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T19:19:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Bikin fitarwa */</comment>
      <origin>828861</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4318" sha1="qqqkea98nxkskpgni8jy400f2cw5l0o" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''''Love in Self Defense''''' (Spanish: ) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Mutanen Espanya na 2006 wanda Rafa Russo ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya yi nasara a karo na farko na darektan fim. Taurarin fim din su ne Ana Fernández da Gustavo Garzón.

== Labarin shirin ==
Anyi daukan shirin a Gabashin gabar tekun Sifaniya, fim din ya bada labarin wani alaka mai sarkakiya tsakanin wata yarinya mara aiki da ke ikirarin cewa ita mai zane ce (Adriana) da tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Argentina wanda ya zama dan zamba (Rubén) a lokacin da suka haɗu a mashaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yan Wasan Shirin ==
* [[Ana Fernández (actress, born 1963)|Ana Fernández]] as Adriana&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Gustavo Garzón]] as Rubén&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Andrés Gertrúdix]] as Damián&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Manuel Morón|es}} as Ernesto&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ginés García Millán]] as Basilio&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209151838/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2021|website=[[British Film Institute]]|title=Amor en defensa propia (2006)|access-date=2 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Carlos Kaniowsky&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/peliculas-criticas/a11914/amor-en-defensa-propia/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|title=Amor en defensa propia|date=29 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bárbara Goenaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Pere Arquillué|ca|Pere Arquillué i Cortadella}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;

== Fitarwa ==
Mediapro ce ta samar da fim din tare da ''NBCUniversal Global Networks'', kuma yana da halartar Antena 3. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An dauka fim din a lardunan Barcelona da Tarragona.&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saki ==
Fim din ya fara ne a gasar a bikin fina-finai na 9 na Málaga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;elpais&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pérez |first=Fernando J. |date=24 March 2006 |title=Rafa Russo estrena en Málaga 'Amor en defensa propia' |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/03/24/cine/1143154802_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rarraba ta UIP,  an sake shi a Spain a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bikin fitarwa ==
Jonathan Holland na Variety ya kimanta cewa fim din &quot;mai jan hankali, mai cin wuta a hankali&quot; ya fito &quot;kamar fim din zamba&quot;, &quot;da sauri yana canzawa cikin wani abu mafi ''Bambancin'' da rikitarwa&quot;, yana haskakawa ta hanyar &quot;tabbatar da shi ga ainihin yanayin da kuma gaskiyar motsin zuciyarsa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Casimiro Torreiro na El País ya yi la'akari da cewa fim din ya cika da yanayin da ke da wuyar kamawa a fim, ya ''Kasar'' &quot;gina ilimin halayyar mutum ga ‘yan wasan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Torreiro |first=Casimiro |date=9 June 2006 |title=A la deriva |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804008_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin fina-finai na Mutanen Espanya na 2006

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>qqqkea98nxkskpgni8jy400f2cw5l0o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828862</id>
      <parentid>828861</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T19:21:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Duba kuma */</comment>
      <origin>828862</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4353" sha1="ktcw8jolbtloov6ymughw7roh3zjsm4" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''''Love in Self Defense''''' (Spanish: ) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Mutanen Espanya na 2006 wanda Rafa Russo ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya yi nasara a karo na farko na darektan fim. Taurarin fim din su ne Ana Fernández da Gustavo Garzón.

== Labarin shirin ==
Anyi daukan shirin a Gabashin gabar tekun Sifaniya, fim din ya bada labarin wani alaka mai sarkakiya tsakanin wata yarinya mara aiki da ke ikirarin cewa ita mai zane ce (Adriana) da tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Argentina wanda ya zama dan zamba (Rubén) a lokacin da suka haɗu a mashaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yan Wasan Shirin ==
* [[Ana Fernández (actress, born 1963)|Ana Fernández]] as Adriana&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Gustavo Garzón]] as Rubén&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Andrés Gertrúdix]] as Damián&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Manuel Morón|es}} as Ernesto&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ginés García Millán]] as Basilio&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209151838/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2021|website=[[British Film Institute]]|title=Amor en defensa propia (2006)|access-date=2 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Carlos Kaniowsky&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/peliculas-criticas/a11914/amor-en-defensa-propia/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|title=Amor en defensa propia|date=29 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bárbara Goenaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Pere Arquillué|ca|Pere Arquillué i Cortadella}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;

== Fitarwa ==
Mediapro ce ta samar da fim din tare da ''NBCUniversal Global Networks'', kuma yana da halartar Antena 3. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An dauka fim din a lardunan Barcelona da Tarragona.&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saki ==
Fim din ya fara ne a gasar a bikin fina-finai na 9 na Málaga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;elpais&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pérez |first=Fernando J. |date=24 March 2006 |title=Rafa Russo estrena en Málaga 'Amor en defensa propia' |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/03/24/cine/1143154802_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rarraba ta UIP,  an sake shi a Spain a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bikin fitarwa ==
Jonathan Holland na Variety ya kimanta cewa fim din &quot;mai jan hankali, mai cin wuta a hankali&quot; ya fito &quot;kamar fim din zamba&quot;, &quot;da sauri yana canzawa cikin wani abu mafi ''Bambancin'' da rikitarwa&quot;, yana haskakawa ta hanyar &quot;tabbatar da shi ga ainihin yanayin da kuma gaskiyar motsin zuciyarsa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Casimiro Torreiro na El País ya yi la'akari da cewa fim din ya cika da yanayin da ke da wuyar kamawa a fim, ya ''Kasar'' &quot;gina ilimin halayyar mutum ga ‘yan wasan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Torreiro |first=Casimiro |date=9 June 2006 |title=A la deriva |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804008_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[List of Spanish films of 2006| Jerin fina-finai na Mutanen Espanya na 2006]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>ktcw8jolbtloov6ymughw7roh3zjsm4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828863</id>
      <parentid>828862</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T19:22:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Duba kuma */ patrolled✅</comment>
      <origin>828863</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4355" sha1="33uwo0211aqmk9pec99v0o0e069w2hd" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''''Love in Self Defense''''' (Spanish: ) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Mutanen Espanya na 2006 wanda Rafa Russo ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya yi nasara a karo na farko na darektan fim. Taurarin fim din su ne Ana Fernández da Gustavo Garzón.

== Labarin shirin ==
Anyi daukan shirin a Gabashin gabar tekun Sifaniya, fim din ya bada labarin wani alaka mai sarkakiya tsakanin wata yarinya mara aiki da ke ikirarin cewa ita mai zane ce (Adriana) da tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Argentina wanda ya zama dan zamba (Rubén) a lokacin da suka haɗu a mashaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yan Wasan Shirin ==
* [[Ana Fernández (actress, born 1963)|Ana Fernández]] as Adriana&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Gustavo Garzón]] as Rubén&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Andrés Gertrúdix]] as Damián&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Manuel Morón|es}} as Ernesto&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ginés García Millán]] as Basilio&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209151838/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8bb59728|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2021|website=[[British Film Institute]]|title=Amor en defensa propia (2006)|access-date=2 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Carlos Kaniowsky&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/peliculas-criticas/a11914/amor-en-defensa-propia/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|title=Amor en defensa propia|date=29 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bárbara Goenaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;
* {{ill|Pere Arquillué|ca|Pere Arquillué i Cortadella}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fotogramas&quot; /&gt;

== Fitarwa ==
Mediapro ce ta samar da fim din tare da ''NBCUniversal Global Networks'', kuma yana da halartar Antena 3. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An dauka fim din a lardunan Barcelona da Tarragona.&lt;ref name=&quot;cendros&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cendros |first=Teresa |date=9 June 2006 |title=Russo debuta con una 'road movie' emocional |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804009_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saki ==
Fim din ya fara ne a gasar a bikin fina-finai na 9 na Málaga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;elpais&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pérez |first=Fernando J. |date=24 March 2006 |title=Rafa Russo estrena en Málaga 'Amor en defensa propia' |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/03/24/cine/1143154802_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rarraba ta UIP,  an sake shi a Spain a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bikin fitarwa ==
Jonathan Holland na Variety ya kimanta cewa fim din &quot;mai jan hankali, mai cin wuta a hankali&quot; ya fito &quot;kamar fim din zamba&quot;, &quot;da sauri yana canzawa cikin wani abu mafi ''Bambancin'' da rikitarwa&quot;, yana haskakawa ta hanyar &quot;tabbatar da shi ga ainihin yanayin da kuma gaskiyar motsin zuciyarsa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;holland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 2006 |title=Love in Self Defense |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/love-in-self-defense-1200517002/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Casimiro Torreiro na El País ya yi la'akari da cewa fim din ya cika da yanayin da ke da wuyar kamawa a fim, ya ''Kasar'' &quot;gina ilimin halayyar mutum ga ‘yan wasan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Torreiro |first=Casimiro |date=9 June 2006 |title=A la deriva |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/09/cine/1149804008_850215.html |website=[[El País]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[w:List of Spanish films of 2006| Jerin fina-finai na Mutanen Espanya na 2006]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>33uwo0211aqmk9pec99v0o0e069w2hd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Love in Self Defense</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148873</id>
    <redirect title="Love in Self Defense (fim)" />
    <revision>
      <id>828851</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T18:43:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Uncle Bash007 moved page [[Love in Self Defense]] to [[Love in Self Defense (fim)]]</comment>
      <origin>828851</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="40" sha1="grc2oktekw1hd1wx00mubl2jnojwzzb" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Love in Self Defense (fim)]]</text>
      <sha1>grc2oktekw1hd1wx00mubl2jnojwzzb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Kiranveer Chahal</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148874</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828871</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:23:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828871</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1202" sha1="thpsrifya8qg9xmw5qktfak1yt227yo" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kiranveer Chahal! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kiranveer Chahal|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>thpsrifya8qg9xmw5qktfak1yt227yo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Engr-Mubee</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148875</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828872</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:23:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828872</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1190" sha1="9lpme13ecfrw6mbp60lqe16kik9d7cl" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Engr-Mubee! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Engr-Mubee|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>9lpme13ecfrw6mbp60lqe16kik9d7cl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Kostis Douvitsas</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148876</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828873</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:23:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828873</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1202" sha1="aisfkzg3wvp7us9v4pdrjwuv591xye5" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kostis Douvitsas! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kostis Douvitsas|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>aisfkzg3wvp7us9v4pdrjwuv591xye5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:IfyClassique</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148877</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828874</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:23:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828874</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1194" sha1="ndk399e9atf0fnmm5cvymt5wb2pozvg" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, IfyClassique! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/IfyClassique|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ndk399e9atf0fnmm5cvymt5wb2pozvg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828980</id>
      <parentid>828874</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T07:29:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IfyClassique</username>
        <id>44515</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Barka da zuwa! */ Mayarwa</comment>
      <origin>828980</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1490" sha1="4v4chmz868swurmlrvhovqthshs0c2m" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, IfyClassique! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/IfyClassique|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] I hope this message finds you well, I can't even read the message sent. Me trying to translate English to Hausa in Wikipedia was a mistake. Thanks for treating it as such. [[User:IfyClassique|IfyClassique]] ([[User talk:IfyClassique|talk]]) 07:29, 3 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>4v4chmz868swurmlrvhovqthshs0c2m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Ibrahimgurasa</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148878</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828875</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:23:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828875</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1196" sha1="7wswfz0kkgviydub1on4s6fsoi7o0hn" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ibrahimgurasa! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ibrahimgurasa|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>7wswfz0kkgviydub1on4s6fsoi7o0hn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Merrahtar</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148879</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828876</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:24:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828876</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1188" sha1="k69deqo4zl6fo51k8kyh4ymhuvgw3xm" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Merrahtar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Merrahtar|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>k69deqo4zl6fo51k8kyh4ymhuvgw3xm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Spsukaton</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148880</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828877</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:24:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828877</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1188" sha1="8eg6urvz949bl9jgrt0xoc2owetwgk4" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Spsukaton! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Spsukaton|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>8eg6urvz949bl9jgrt0xoc2owetwgk4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Adeoti marvelous</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148881</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828878</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:24:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828878</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1202" sha1="jwdeg6juu14rxm1qwknivxz9p8ggbri" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Adeoti marvelous! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Adeoti marvelous|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>jwdeg6juu14rxm1qwknivxz9p8ggbri</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Morlah1</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148882</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828879</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:24:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828879</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1184" sha1="1qa3v5u7aihenq3a8x1zn1bbs90htwv" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Morlah1! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Morlah1|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>1qa3v5u7aihenq3a8x1zn1bbs90htwv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:MikaelF</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148883</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828880</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:24:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828880</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1184" sha1="ed1b1rdfh5koor3j38e0n1sdd6de0he" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, MikaelF! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/MikaelF|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ed1b1rdfh5koor3j38e0n1sdd6de0he</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Nafsy829</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148884</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828881</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:24:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828881</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1186" sha1="mvwrqhppyxpfytm9js56x72042tdhfb" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Nafsy829! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Nafsy829|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>mvwrqhppyxpfytm9js56x72042tdhfb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Bellowhassan</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148885</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828882</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:25:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828882</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1194" sha1="nyp6vmezlivebgsv4h2cmjfoa1vbc1t" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Bellowhassan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Bellowhassan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>nyp6vmezlivebgsv4h2cmjfoa1vbc1t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Sumaiyyahassan</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148886</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828883</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:25:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828883</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1198" sha1="7y3i1rg50uceabjymc1ljvs5kfjcyer" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sumaiyyahassan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sumaiyyahassan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>7y3i1rg50uceabjymc1ljvs5kfjcyer</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:HabibaHassan8800</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148887</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828884</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:25:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828884</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1202" sha1="k7c1ygymwtgo48to3go3tygxh0z8qll" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, HabibaHassan8800! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/HabibaHassan8800|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>k7c1ygymwtgo48to3go3tygxh0z8qll</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Abdullahi Yazid</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148888</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828885</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:25:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828885</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1200" sha1="5y9w9slepxfv7t968e9azbisjncg9du" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Abdullahi Yazid! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Abdullahi Yazid|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>5y9w9slepxfv7t968e9azbisjncg9du</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:DWY Sheng</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148889</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828887</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:25:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828887</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1188" sha1="lb0dokdp845u4pm39w12r43f8z2a2f0" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, DWY Sheng! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/DWY Sheng|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>lb0dokdp845u4pm39w12r43f8z2a2f0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Faadima2</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148890</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828888</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:25:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828888</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1186" sha1="1ukgz9qzsorfl3yvcw4pito6567y42d" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Faadima2! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Faadima2|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>1ukgz9qzsorfl3yvcw4pito6567y42d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Rahama1994</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148891</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828889</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:26:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828889</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1190" sha1="1f78ntoxwl05qh5mkxyxahrp8gqpu0f" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Rahama1994! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Rahama1994|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>1f78ntoxwl05qh5mkxyxahrp8gqpu0f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Saeed isah</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148892</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828890</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:26:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828890</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1190" sha1="17qpu7pj7vde8qvy22bt35d23ez6vle" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Saeed isah! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Saeed isah|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>17qpu7pj7vde8qvy22bt35d23ez6vle</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Uccy uccy</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148893</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828891</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:26:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828891</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1188" sha1="st16limr1bswp73kcdtrj2qmqk0pa0d" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Uccy uccy! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Uccy uccy|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>st16limr1bswp73kcdtrj2qmqk0pa0d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Shamsu Malami</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148894</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828892</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:26:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828892</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1196" sha1="cdbmvahjv88jjnop3bpl29nchmktw91" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Shamsu Malami! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Shamsu Malami|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>cdbmvahjv88jjnop3bpl29nchmktw91</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Hauwa Malami</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148895</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828893</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:26:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828893</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1194" sha1="gec3t7p9mzjfkgy1v95ehtage1j33dn" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hauwa Malami! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hauwa Malami|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>gec3t7p9mzjfkgy1v95ehtage1j33dn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Deeney85</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148896</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828894</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:26:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828894</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1186" sha1="jwnomnrqjlsw852vjuyj684tl4xhkk8" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Deeney85! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Deeney85|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>jwnomnrqjlsw852vjuyj684tl4xhkk8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Abubakarfaruk</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148897</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828895</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:27:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828895</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1196" sha1="4potgry7g23pvyqkxr076nl2rblt6lj" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Abubakarfaruk! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Abubakarfaruk|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>4potgry7g23pvyqkxr076nl2rblt6lj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Salamatu Ahmad</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148898</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828896</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:27:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828896</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1198" sha1="3o9iuqtynqyjqr20hlel965u1wrp6y8" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Salamatu Ahmad! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Salamatu Ahmad|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>3o9iuqtynqyjqr20hlel965u1wrp6y8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Maryam sani Danfulani</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148899</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828897</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:27:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828897</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1212" sha1="9razbp356v1b4wzcvln4cpwqrmhsb02" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Maryam sani Danfulani! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Maryam sani Danfulani|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>9razbp356v1b4wzcvln4cpwqrmhsb02</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Fatima Mahadi</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148900</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828898</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:27:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828898</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1196" sha1="l3vdzncpf3vhjxy46813hr59yecbuef" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Fatima Mahadi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Fatima Mahadi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>l3vdzncpf3vhjxy46813hr59yecbuef</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Yousarsiep</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148901</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828899</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:27:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828899</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1190" sha1="dqqwoon4vuo1qq57rz073zpazdlbbxt" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yousarsiep! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yousarsiep|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>dqqwoon4vuo1qq57rz073zpazdlbbxt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Imrana isah</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148902</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828900</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:27:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828900</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1192" sha1="kegdfdwn9tkchn5yzliv9irxv2xh1nq" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Imrana isah! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Imrana isah|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>kegdfdwn9tkchn5yzliv9irxv2xh1nq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:List of heads of state of Cameroon</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148903</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828901</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:28:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828901</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1238" sha1="851pktvt5mvxqppij32zise9vdnmsyl" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, List of heads of state of Cameroon! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/List of heads of state of Cameroon|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>851pktvt5mvxqppij32zise9vdnmsyl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Jacmis872</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148904</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828902</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:28:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828902</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1188" sha1="nww86huqdakwg4fay0wfi33fkcgycfx" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Jacmis872! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Jacmis872|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>nww86huqdakwg4fay0wfi33fkcgycfx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Nickstormm</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148905</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828903</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:28:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828903</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1190" sha1="1vx8galzrj6vjzn4zh6xn3dlh21t4yy" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Nickstormm! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Nickstormm|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>1vx8galzrj6vjzn4zh6xn3dlh21t4yy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:KarinAyv</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148906</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828904</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:28:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828904</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1186" sha1="3ri9yp168i932jlvjicea4vdvs4naib" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, KarinAyv! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/KarinAyv|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>3ri9yp168i932jlvjicea4vdvs4naib</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Mithril</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148907</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828905</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:28:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828905</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1184" sha1="ccf909mefwznrmw50zhmm3zupvvu7tn" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mithril! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mithril|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ccf909mefwznrmw50zhmm3zupvvu7tn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Raymondanma22</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148908</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828906</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:28:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828906</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1196" sha1="rd26sg0m18hv4gwjyxcbbgsopybuitg" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Raymondanma22! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Raymondanma22|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>rd26sg0m18hv4gwjyxcbbgsopybuitg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:BenTalib02</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148909</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828907</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:29:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828907</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1190" sha1="tvbu0pb2ukp9wbhbyngnwu92mshhukz" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, BenTalib02! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/BenTalib02|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:29, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>tvbu0pb2ukp9wbhbyngnwu92mshhukz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Quantum Rogue</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148910</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828908</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:29:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828908</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1196" sha1="aovka6rzmxf6v81qnjvlxf650g3cszo" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Quantum Rogue! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Quantum Rogue|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:29, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>aovka6rzmxf6v81qnjvlxf650g3cszo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Tommyshelby37</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148911</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828909</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:29:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828909</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1196" sha1="a3qazz4j51ylwdsm4voh1aelaa9r7p7" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tommyshelby37! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tommyshelby37|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:29, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>a3qazz4j51ylwdsm4voh1aelaa9r7p7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:JaxsonR</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148912</id>
    <redirect title="Tattaunawar user:Militant.Insurgency" />
    <revision>
      <id>828912</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T21:50:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>FlightTime</username>
        <id>23543</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>FlightTime moved page [[Tattaunawar user:JaxsonR]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Militant.Insurgency]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/JaxsonR|JaxsonR]]&quot; to &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Militant.Insurgency|Militant.Insurgency]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>828912</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="50" sha1="o2ux7y07gez5pllolhwj7atwtz6lat3" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Tattaunawar user:Militant.Insurgency]]</text>
      <sha1>o2ux7y07gez5pllolhwj7atwtz6lat3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Stefan Ortega</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148913</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828983</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T07:45:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:Stefan Ortega 3280w.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:ManCity20240722-051 (Ortega).jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox footballer biography | name = Stefan Ortega | image = Stefan Ortega 2023.jpg | full_name = Stefan Ortega Moreno | date_of_birth = {{Birth date and age|1992|11|6}} | place_of_birth = Hofgeismar, Germany | height = 1.85 m | position = Goalkeeper | currentclub = Manchester City | clubnumber = 18 | youthyears1 = 1998–2007 | youthclubs1 = TSV Jahn Calden | youthyears2 = 2007–2011 |...</comment>
      <origin>828983</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3330" sha1="mf1ds3rfu7hjqm1250j8w4spdlv3s6c" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Stefan Ortega 3280w.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:ManCity20240722-051 (Ortega).jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox footballer biography
| name = Stefan Ortega
| image = Stefan Ortega 2023.jpg
| full_name = Stefan Ortega Moreno
| date_of_birth = {{Birth date and age|1992|11|6}}
| place_of_birth = Hofgeismar, Germany
| height = 1.85 m
| position = Goalkeeper
| currentclub = Manchester City
| clubnumber = 18
| youthyears1 = 1998–2007
| youthclubs1 = TSV Jahn Calden
| youthyears2 = 2007–2011
| youthclubs2 = Arminia Bielefeld
| years1 = 2011–2014
| clubs1 = Arminia Bielefeld II
| caps1 = 33
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2011–2017
| clubs2 = Arminia Bielefeld
| caps2 = 75
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2014–2015
| clubs3 = → TSV 1860 Munich (loan)
| caps3 = 25
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2017–2022
| clubs4 = Arminia Bielefeld
| caps4 = 154
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2022–
| clubs5 = Manchester City
| caps5 = 20
| goals5 = 0
}}

'''Stefan Ortega Moreno''' (an haife shi ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1992) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga ƙungiyar Manchester City a gasar Premier League. An san shi da ƙwarewa wajen tsaron ƙwallaye, saurin amsawa, da kuma iya fara kai hari daga baya (build-up play).&lt;ref&gt;Transfermarkt profile&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Stefan Ortega a garin Hofgeismar, Jamus. Ya fara harkar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami a kulob ɗin TSV Jahn Calden kafin ya koma makarantar horar da matasa ta Arminia Bielefeld, inda ya fara haɓaka kwarewarsa a matsayin mai tsaron gida.&lt;ref&gt;DFB youth development records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==
=== Arminia Bielefeld ===
Ortega ya fara taka leda a matakin manya tare da Arminia Bielefeld II kafin daga baya ya shiga babbar ƙungiyar. A lokacin da yake can, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da kuma samun matsayi mai kyau a lig. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron gida a Bundesliga 2.&lt;ref&gt;Bundesliga statistics&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Lamuni zuwa TSV 1860 Munich ===
A kakar 2014–2015, an ba shi aron wasa zuwa TSV 1860 Munich, inda ya samu damar buga wasanni akai-akai. Wannan ya taimaka masa wajen ƙara ƙwarewa da gogewa a matakin ƙwararru.&lt;ref&gt;1860 Munich match records&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Komawa Arminia Bielefeld ===
Bayan dawowarsa, Ortega ya zama babban mai tsaron gida na Arminia Bielefeld. Ya taimaka wajen daga darajar ƙungiyar zuwa Bundesliga kuma ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a matakin farko na ƙwallon ƙafa a Jamus.&lt;ref&gt;Bundesliga performance data&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manchester City ===
A shekarar 2022, Ortega ya koma Manchester City kyauta. A ƙarƙashin kocin Pep Guardiola, ya zama madadin babban mai tsaron gida amma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa musamman a wasannin kofuna. Ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai duk lokacin da aka ba shi dama, ciki har da manyan wasanni.&lt;ref&gt;Manchester City official website&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon wasa ==
Ortega yana da salon wasa na zamani wanda ya haɗa da iya tsaron ƙwallaye masu wahala, amfani da ƙafa wajen fara kai hari, da kuma nutsuwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Wannan ya sa ya dace da tsarin wasan ƙungiyoyi masu son mallakar ƙwallo kamar Manchester City.&lt;ref&gt;Football analysis reports&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==
;Manchester City
* Premier League: 2022–23
* FA Cup: 2022–23
* UEFA Champions League: 2022–23&lt;ref&gt;UEFA records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mf1ds3rfu7hjqm1250j8w4spdlv3s6c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828985</id>
      <parentid>828983</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T07:46:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828985</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3334" sha1="hrjodow7phx76fyswr82fe2gq8mh485" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Stefan Ortega 3280w.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:ManCity20240722-051 (Ortega).jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox footballer biography
| name = Stefan Ortega
| image = Stefan Ortega 2023.jpg
| full_name = Stefan Ortega Moreno
| date_of_birth = {{Birth date and age|1992|11|6}}
| place_of_birth = Hofgeismar, Germany
| height = 1.85 m
| position = Goalkeeper
| currentclub = Manchester City
| clubnumber = 18
| youthyears1 = 1998–2007
| youthclubs1 = TSV Jahn Calden
| youthyears2 = 2007–2011
| youthclubs2 = Arminia Bielefeld
| years1 = 2011–2014
| clubs1 = Arminia Bielefeld II
| caps1 = 33
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2011–2017
| clubs2 = Arminia Bielefeld
| caps2 = 75
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2014–2015
| clubs3 = → TSV 1860 Munich (loan)
| caps3 = 25
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2017–2022
| clubs4 = Arminia Bielefeld
| caps4 = 154
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2022–
| clubs5 = Manchester City
| caps5 = 20
| goals5 = 0
}}

'''Stefan Ortega Moreno''' (an haife shi ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1992) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga ƙungiyar Manchester City a gasar [[Premier League]]. An san shi da ƙwarewa wajen tsaron ƙwallaye, saurin amsawa, da kuma iya fara kai hari daga baya (build-up play).&lt;ref&gt;Transfermarkt profile&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Stefan Ortega a garin Hofgeismar, Jamus. Ya fara harkar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami a kulob ɗin TSV Jahn Calden kafin ya koma makarantar horar da matasa ta Arminia Bielefeld, inda ya fara haɓaka kwarewarsa a matsayin mai tsaron gida.&lt;ref&gt;DFB youth development records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==
=== Arminia Bielefeld ===
Ortega ya fara taka leda a matakin manya tare da Arminia Bielefeld II kafin daga baya ya shiga babbar ƙungiyar. A lokacin da yake can, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da kuma samun matsayi mai kyau a lig. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron gida a Bundesliga 2.&lt;ref&gt;Bundesliga statistics&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Lamuni zuwa TSV 1860 Munich ===
A kakar 2014–2015, an ba shi aron wasa zuwa TSV 1860 Munich, inda ya samu damar buga wasanni akai-akai. Wannan ya taimaka masa wajen ƙara ƙwarewa da gogewa a matakin ƙwararru.&lt;ref&gt;1860 Munich match records&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Komawa Arminia Bielefeld ===
Bayan dawowarsa, Ortega ya zama babban mai tsaron gida na Arminia Bielefeld. Ya taimaka wajen daga darajar ƙungiyar zuwa Bundesliga kuma ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a matakin farko na ƙwallon ƙafa a Jamus.&lt;ref&gt;Bundesliga performance data&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manchester City ===
A shekarar 2022, Ortega ya koma Manchester City kyauta. A ƙarƙashin kocin Pep Guardiola, ya zama madadin babban mai tsaron gida amma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa musamman a wasannin kofuna. Ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai duk lokacin da aka ba shi dama, ciki har da manyan wasanni.&lt;ref&gt;Manchester City official website&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon wasa ==
Ortega yana da salon wasa na zamani wanda ya haɗa da iya tsaron ƙwallaye masu wahala, amfani da ƙafa wajen fara kai hari, da kuma nutsuwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Wannan ya sa ya dace da tsarin wasan ƙungiyoyi masu son mallakar ƙwallo kamar Manchester City.&lt;ref&gt;Football analysis reports&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==
;Manchester City
* Premier League: 2022–23
* FA Cup: 2022–23
* UEFA Champions League: 2022–23&lt;ref&gt;UEFA records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>hrjodow7phx76fyswr82fe2gq8mh485</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828986</id>
      <parentid>828985</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T07:47:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>828986</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3359" sha1="02j02ryxnxfqqdflbvf3b3hlxt833qi" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Stefan Ortega 3280w.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:ManCity20240722-051 (Ortega).jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox footballer biography
| name = Stefan Ortega
| image = Stefan Ortega 2023.jpg
| full_name = Stefan Ortega Moreno
| date_of_birth = {{Birth date and age|1992|11|6}}
| place_of_birth = Hofgeismar, Germany
| height = 1.85 m
| position = Goalkeeper
| currentclub = Manchester City
| clubnumber = 18
| youthyears1 = 1998–2007
| youthclubs1 = TSV Jahn Calden
| youthyears2 = 2007–2011
| youthclubs2 = Arminia Bielefeld
| years1 = 2011–2014
| clubs1 = Arminia Bielefeld II
| caps1 = 33
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2011–2017
| clubs2 = Arminia Bielefeld
| caps2 = 75
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2014–2015
| clubs3 = → TSV 1860 Munich (loan)
| caps3 = 25
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2017–2022
| clubs4 = Arminia Bielefeld
| caps4 = 154
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2022–
| clubs5 = Manchester City
| caps5 = 20
| goals5 = 0
}}

'''Stefan Ortega Moreno''' (an haife shi ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1992) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga ƙungiyar Manchester City a gasar [[Premier League]]. An san shi da ƙwarewa wajen tsaron ƙwallaye, saurin amsawa, da kuma iya fara kai hari daga baya (build-up play).&lt;ref&gt;Transfermarkt profile&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Stefan Ortega a garin Hofgeismar, Jamus. Ya fara harkar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami a kulob ɗin TSV Jahn Calden kafin ya koma makarantar horar da matasa ta Arminia Bielefeld, inda ya fara haɓaka kwarewarsa a matsayin mai tsaron gida.&lt;ref&gt;DFB youth development records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==
=== Arminia Bielefeld ===
Ortega ya fara taka leda a matakin manya tare da Arminia Bielefeld II kafin daga baya ya shiga babbar ƙungiyar. A lokacin da yake can, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da kuma samun matsayi mai kyau a lig. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron gida a Bundesliga 2.&lt;ref&gt;Bundesliga statistics&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Lamuni zuwa TSV 1860 Munich ===
A kakar 2014–2015, an ba shi aron wasa zuwa TSV 1860 Munich, inda ya samu damar buga wasanni akai-akai. Wannan ya taimaka masa wajen ƙara ƙwarewa da gogewa a matakin ƙwararru.&lt;ref&gt;1860 Munich match records&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Komawa Arminia Bielefeld ===
Bayan dawowarsa, Ortega ya zama babban mai tsaron gida na Arminia Bielefeld. Ya taimaka wajen daga darajar ƙungiyar zuwa Bundesliga kuma ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a matakin farko na ƙwallon ƙafa a Jamus.&lt;ref&gt;Bundesliga performance data&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manchester City ===
A shekarar 2022, Ortega ya koma Manchester City kyauta. A ƙarƙashin kocin Pep Guardiola, ya zama madadin babban mai tsaron gida amma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa musamman a wasannin kofuna. Ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai duk lokacin da aka ba shi dama, ciki har da manyan wasanni.&lt;ref&gt;Manchester City official website&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon wasa ==
Ortega yana da salon wasa na zamani wanda ya haɗa da iya tsaron ƙwallaye masu wahala, amfani da ƙafa wajen fara kai hari, da kuma nutsuwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Wannan ya sa ya dace da tsarin wasan ƙungiyoyi masu son mallakar ƙwallo kamar Manchester City.&lt;ref&gt;Football analysis reports&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==
;[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]
* Premier League: 2022–23
* FA Cup: 2022–23
* UEFA Champions League: 2022–23&lt;ref&gt;UEFA records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>02j02ryxnxfqqdflbvf3b3hlxt833qi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828987</id>
      <parentid>828986</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T07:47:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>828987</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3363" sha1="oo1jz4mgr6algh9wjnczv4yzmjfgosb" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Stefan Ortega 3280w.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:ManCity20240722-051 (Ortega).jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox footballer biography
| name = Stefan Ortega
| image = Stefan Ortega 2023.jpg
| full_name = Stefan Ortega Moreno
| date_of_birth = {{Birth date and age|1992|11|6}}
| place_of_birth = Hofgeismar, Germany
| height = 1.85 m
| position = Goalkeeper
| currentclub = Manchester City
| clubnumber = 18
| youthyears1 = 1998–2007
| youthclubs1 = TSV Jahn Calden
| youthyears2 = 2007–2011
| youthclubs2 = Arminia Bielefeld
| years1 = 2011–2014
| clubs1 = Arminia Bielefeld II
| caps1 = 33
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2011–2017
| clubs2 = Arminia Bielefeld
| caps2 = 75
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2014–2015
| clubs3 = → TSV 1860 Munich (loan)
| caps3 = 25
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2017–2022
| clubs4 = Arminia Bielefeld
| caps4 = 154
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2022–
| clubs5 = Manchester City
| caps5 = 20
| goals5 = 0
}}

'''Stefan Ortega Moreno''' (an haife shi ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1992) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga ƙungiyar Manchester City a gasar [[Premier League]]. An san shi da ƙwarewa wajen tsaron ƙwallaye, saurin amsawa, da kuma iya fara kai hari daga baya (build-up play).&lt;ref&gt;Transfermarkt profile&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Stefan Ortega a garin Hofgeismar, Jamus. Ya fara harkar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami a kulob ɗin TSV Jahn Calden kafin ya koma makarantar horar da matasa ta Arminia Bielefeld, inda ya fara haɓaka kwarewarsa a matsayin mai tsaron gida.&lt;ref&gt;DFB youth development records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==
=== Arminia Bielefeld ===
Ortega ya fara taka leda a matakin manya tare da Arminia Bielefeld II kafin daga baya ya shiga babbar ƙungiyar. A lokacin da yake can, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da kuma samun matsayi mai kyau a lig. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron gida a [[Bundesliga]] 2.&lt;ref&gt;Bundesliga statistics&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Lamuni zuwa TSV 1860 Munich ===
A kakar 2014–2015, an ba shi aron wasa zuwa TSV 1860 Munich, inda ya samu damar buga wasanni akai-akai. Wannan ya taimaka masa wajen ƙara ƙwarewa da gogewa a matakin ƙwararru.&lt;ref&gt;1860 Munich match records&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Komawa Arminia Bielefeld ===
Bayan dawowarsa, Ortega ya zama babban mai tsaron gida na Arminia Bielefeld. Ya taimaka wajen daga darajar ƙungiyar zuwa Bundesliga kuma ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a matakin farko na ƙwallon ƙafa a Jamus.&lt;ref&gt;Bundesliga performance data&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manchester City ===
A shekarar 2022, Ortega ya koma Manchester City kyauta. A ƙarƙashin kocin Pep Guardiola, ya zama madadin babban mai tsaron gida amma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa musamman a wasannin kofuna. Ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai duk lokacin da aka ba shi dama, ciki har da manyan wasanni.&lt;ref&gt;Manchester City official website&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon wasa ==
Ortega yana da salon wasa na zamani wanda ya haɗa da iya tsaron ƙwallaye masu wahala, amfani da ƙafa wajen fara kai hari, da kuma nutsuwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Wannan ya sa ya dace da tsarin wasan ƙungiyoyi masu son mallakar ƙwallo kamar Manchester City.&lt;ref&gt;Football analysis reports&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==
;[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]
* Premier League: 2022–23
* FA Cup: 2022–23
* UEFA Champions League: 2022–23&lt;ref&gt;UEFA records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>oo1jz4mgr6algh9wjnczv4yzmjfgosb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828988</id>
      <parentid>828987</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T07:48:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>828988</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3367" sha1="fefungi3vev8707olacj8q8lpmr2hxa" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Stefan Ortega 3280w.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:ManCity20240722-051 (Ortega).jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox footballer biography
| name = Stefan Ortega
| image = Stefan Ortega 2023.jpg
| full_name = Stefan Ortega Moreno
| date_of_birth = {{Birth date and age|1992|11|6}}
| place_of_birth = Hofgeismar, Germany
| height = 1.85 m
| position = Goalkeeper
| currentclub = Manchester City
| clubnumber = 18
| youthyears1 = 1998–2007
| youthclubs1 = TSV Jahn Calden
| youthyears2 = 2007–2011
| youthclubs2 = Arminia Bielefeld
| years1 = 2011–2014
| clubs1 = Arminia Bielefeld II
| caps1 = 33
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2011–2017
| clubs2 = Arminia Bielefeld
| caps2 = 75
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2014–2015
| clubs3 = → TSV 1860 Munich (loan)
| caps3 = 25
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2017–2022
| clubs4 = Arminia Bielefeld
| caps4 = 154
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2022–
| clubs5 = Manchester City
| caps5 = 20
| goals5 = 0
}}

'''Stefan Ortega Moreno''' (an haife shi ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1992) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga ƙungiyar Manchester City a gasar [[Premier League]]. An san shi da ƙwarewa wajen tsaron ƙwallaye, saurin amsawa, da kuma iya fara kai hari daga baya (build-up play).&lt;ref&gt;Transfermarkt profile&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Stefan Ortega a garin Hofgeismar, Jamus. Ya fara harkar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami a kulob ɗin TSV Jahn Calden kafin ya koma makarantar horar da matasa ta Arminia Bielefeld, inda ya fara haɓaka kwarewarsa a matsayin mai tsaron gida.&lt;ref&gt;DFB youth development records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==
=== Arminia Bielefeld ===
Ortega ya fara taka leda a matakin manya tare da Arminia Bielefeld II kafin daga baya ya shiga babbar ƙungiyar. A lokacin da yake can, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da kuma samun matsayi mai kyau a lig. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron gida a [[Bundesliga]] 2.&lt;ref&gt;Bundesliga statistics&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Lamuni zuwa TSV 1860 Munich ===
A kakar 2014–2015, an ba shi aron wasa zuwa TSV 1860 Munich, inda ya samu damar buga wasanni akai-akai. Wannan ya taimaka masa wajen ƙara ƙwarewa da gogewa a matakin ƙwararru.&lt;ref&gt;1860 Munich match records&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Komawa Arminia Bielefeld ===
Bayan dawowarsa, Ortega ya zama babban mai tsaron gida na Arminia Bielefeld. Ya taimaka wajen daga darajar ƙungiyar zuwa Bundesliga kuma ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a matakin farko na ƙwallon ƙafa a Jamus.&lt;ref&gt;Bundesliga performance data&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manchester City ===
A shekarar 2022, Ortega ya koma Manchester City kyauta. A ƙarƙashin kocin Pep Guardiola, ya zama madadin babban mai tsaron gida amma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa musamman a wasannin kofuna. Ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai duk lokacin da aka ba shi dama, ciki har da manyan wasanni.&lt;ref&gt;Manchester City official website&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon wasa ==
Ortega yana da salon wasa na zamani wanda ya haɗa da iya tsaron ƙwallaye masu wahala, amfani da ƙafa wajen fara kai hari, da kuma nutsuwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Wannan ya sa ya dace da tsarin wasan ƙungiyoyi masu son mallakar ƙwallo kamar Manchester City.&lt;ref&gt;Football analysis reports&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==
;[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]
* Premier League: 2022–23
* FA Cup: 2022–23
* [[UEFA Champions League]]: 2022–23&lt;ref&gt;UEFA records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fefungi3vev8707olacj8q8lpmr2hxa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828989</id>
      <parentid>828988</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T07:49:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>828989</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3371" sha1="rfj652vzoes38evndoad8z3cvkvu6d7" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Stefan Ortega 3280w.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:ManCity20240722-051 (Ortega).jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox footballer biography
| name = Stefan Ortega
| image = Stefan Ortega 2023.jpg
| full_name = Stefan Ortega Moreno
| date_of_birth = {{Birth date and age|1992|11|6}}
| place_of_birth = Hofgeismar, Germany
| height = 1.85 m
| position = Goalkeeper
| currentclub = Manchester City
| clubnumber = 18
| youthyears1 = 1998–2007
| youthclubs1 = TSV Jahn Calden
| youthyears2 = 2007–2011
| youthclubs2 = Arminia Bielefeld
| years1 = 2011–2014
| clubs1 = Arminia Bielefeld II
| caps1 = 33
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2011–2017
| clubs2 = Arminia Bielefeld
| caps2 = 75
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2014–2015
| clubs3 = → TSV 1860 Munich (loan)
| caps3 = 25
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2017–2022
| clubs4 = Arminia Bielefeld
| caps4 = 154
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2022–
| clubs5 = Manchester City
| caps5 = 20
| goals5 = 0
}}

'''Stefan Ortega Moreno''' (an haife shi ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1992) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga ƙungiyar Manchester City a gasar [[Premier League]]. An san shi da ƙwarewa wajen tsaron ƙwallaye, saurin amsawa, da kuma iya fara kai hari daga baya (build-up play).&lt;ref&gt;Transfermarkt profile&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Stefan Ortega a garin Hofgeismar, Jamus. Ya fara harkar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami a kulob ɗin TSV Jahn Calden kafin ya koma makarantar horar da matasa ta Arminia Bielefeld, inda ya fara haɓaka kwarewarsa a matsayin mai tsaron gida.&lt;ref&gt;DFB youth development records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==
=== Arminia Bielefeld ===
Ortega ya fara taka leda a matakin manya tare da Arminia Bielefeld II kafin daga baya ya shiga babbar ƙungiyar. A lokacin da yake can, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da kuma samun matsayi mai kyau a lig. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron gida a [[Bundesliga]] 2.&lt;ref&gt;Bundesliga statistics&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Lamuni zuwa TSV 1860 Munich ===
A kakar 2014–2015, an ba shi aron wasa zuwa TSV 1860 Munich, inda ya samu damar buga wasanni akai-akai. Wannan ya taimaka masa wajen ƙara ƙwarewa da gogewa a matakin ƙwararru.&lt;ref&gt;1860 Munich match records&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Komawa Arminia Bielefeld ===
Bayan dawowarsa, Ortega ya zama babban mai tsaron gida na Arminia Bielefeld. Ya taimaka wajen daga darajar ƙungiyar zuwa Bundesliga kuma ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a matakin farko na ƙwallon ƙafa a Jamus.&lt;ref&gt;Bundesliga performance data&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manchester City ===
A shekarar 2022, Ortega ya koma Manchester City kyauta. A ƙarƙashin kocin [[Pep Guardiola]], ya zama madadin babban mai tsaron gida amma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa musamman a wasannin kofuna. Ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai duk lokacin da aka ba shi dama, ciki har da manyan wasanni.&lt;ref&gt;Manchester City official website&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon wasa ==
Ortega yana da salon wasa na zamani wanda ya haɗa da iya tsaron ƙwallaye masu wahala, amfani da ƙafa wajen fara kai hari, da kuma nutsuwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Wannan ya sa ya dace da tsarin wasan ƙungiyoyi masu son mallakar ƙwallo kamar Manchester City.&lt;ref&gt;Football analysis reports&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==
;[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]
* Premier League: 2022–23
* FA Cup: 2022–23
* [[UEFA Champions League]]: 2022–23&lt;ref&gt;UEFA records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rfj652vzoes38evndoad8z3cvkvu6d7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828991</id>
      <parentid>828989</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T07:49:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>828991</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3375" sha1="dpi3k8yg2zywait7lnhnrvglsr822h7" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Stefan Ortega 3280w.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:ManCity20240722-051 (Ortega).jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox footballer biography
| name = Stefan Ortega
| image = Stefan Ortega 2023.jpg
| full_name = Stefan Ortega Moreno
| date_of_birth = {{Birth date and age|1992|11|6}}
| place_of_birth = Hofgeismar, Germany
| height = 1.85 m
| position = Goalkeeper
| currentclub = Manchester City
| clubnumber = 18
| youthyears1 = 1998–2007
| youthclubs1 = TSV Jahn Calden
| youthyears2 = 2007–2011
| youthclubs2 = Arminia Bielefeld
| years1 = 2011–2014
| clubs1 = Arminia Bielefeld II
| caps1 = 33
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2011–2017
| clubs2 = Arminia Bielefeld
| caps2 = 75
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2014–2015
| clubs3 = → TSV 1860 Munich (loan)
| caps3 = 25
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2017–2022
| clubs4 = Arminia Bielefeld
| caps4 = 154
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2022–
| clubs5 = Manchester City
| caps5 = 20
| goals5 = 0
}}

'''Stefan Ortega Moreno''' (an haife shi ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1992) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga ƙungiyar Manchester City a gasar [[Premier League]]. An san shi da ƙwarewa wajen tsaron ƙwallaye, saurin amsawa, da kuma iya fara kai hari daga baya (build-up play).&lt;ref&gt;Transfermarkt profile&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Stefan Ortega a garin Hofgeismar, [[Jamus]]. Ya fara harkar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami a kulob ɗin TSV Jahn Calden kafin ya koma makarantar horar da matasa ta Arminia Bielefeld, inda ya fara haɓaka kwarewarsa a matsayin mai tsaron gida.&lt;ref&gt;DFB youth development records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==
=== Arminia Bielefeld ===
Ortega ya fara taka leda a matakin manya tare da Arminia Bielefeld II kafin daga baya ya shiga babbar ƙungiyar. A lokacin da yake can, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da kuma samun matsayi mai kyau a lig. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron gida a [[Bundesliga]] 2.&lt;ref&gt;Bundesliga statistics&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Lamuni zuwa TSV 1860 Munich ===
A kakar 2014–2015, an ba shi aron wasa zuwa TSV 1860 Munich, inda ya samu damar buga wasanni akai-akai. Wannan ya taimaka masa wajen ƙara ƙwarewa da gogewa a matakin ƙwararru.&lt;ref&gt;1860 Munich match records&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Komawa Arminia Bielefeld ===
Bayan dawowarsa, Ortega ya zama babban mai tsaron gida na Arminia Bielefeld. Ya taimaka wajen daga darajar ƙungiyar zuwa Bundesliga kuma ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a matakin farko na ƙwallon ƙafa a Jamus.&lt;ref&gt;Bundesliga performance data&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manchester City ===
A shekarar 2022, Ortega ya koma Manchester City kyauta. A ƙarƙashin kocin [[Pep Guardiola]], ya zama madadin babban mai tsaron gida amma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa musamman a wasannin kofuna. Ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai duk lokacin da aka ba shi dama, ciki har da manyan wasanni.&lt;ref&gt;Manchester City official website&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon wasa ==
Ortega yana da salon wasa na zamani wanda ya haɗa da iya tsaron ƙwallaye masu wahala, amfani da ƙafa wajen fara kai hari, da kuma nutsuwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Wannan ya sa ya dace da tsarin wasan ƙungiyoyi masu son mallakar ƙwallo kamar Manchester City.&lt;ref&gt;Football analysis reports&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==
;[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]
* Premier League: 2022–23
* FA Cup: 2022–23
* [[UEFA Champions League]]: 2022–23&lt;ref&gt;UEFA records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dpi3k8yg2zywait7lnhnrvglsr822h7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>FA Cup</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>828992</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T07:58:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:FA Cup trophies women's and men's.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:FA Cup.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:The FA Cup Trophy.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Chelsea campeão da FA Cup 2017-18.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox football competition | name = FA Cup | image = FA Cup Trophy.png | founded = 1871 | region = England | number_of_teams = 700+ (varies yearly) | current_champions = Manchester United | most_successful_club = Arsenal (14 titles) | website = https://www.thefa.com }}  '''FA Cup''' (wanda ake kira '''F...</comment>
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      <text bytes="2650" sha1="i33gh81e7s2ygcpn4r8jlq9ma42u2t4" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:FA Cup trophies women's and men's.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:FA Cup.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:The FA Cup Trophy.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Chelsea campeão da FA Cup 2017-18.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox football competition
| name = FA Cup
| image = FA Cup Trophy.png
| founded = 1871
| region = England
| number_of_teams = 700+ (varies yearly)
| current_champions = Manchester United
| most_successful_club = Arsenal (14 titles)
| website = https://www.thefa.com
}}

'''FA Cup''' (wanda ake kira '''Football Association Challenge Cup''') gasar kwallon kafa ce mafi tsohuwa a duniya wacce ake bugawa a ƙasar Ingila. An kafa gasar ne a shekarar 1871 ta hannun Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Ingila (The Football Association), kuma tana bai wa dukkan kungiyoyin kwallon kafa damar shiga daga manyan lig-lig har zuwa ƙananan kungiyoyi. &lt;ref&gt;FA Official History, 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Gasar FA Cup tana da tsarin ''knockout'', wato idan kungiya ta sha kashi tana fita kai tsaye daga gasar. Wannan tsarin yana sa gasar ta zama mai cike da mamaki saboda ƙananan kungiyoyi na iya doke manyan kungiyoyi, abin da ake kira ''giant killing''. &lt;ref&gt;BBC Sport Analysis, 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana fara gasar ne da zagaye na farko wanda ƙananan kungiyoyi ke shiga, sannan manyan kungiyoyin Premier League suna shiga ne daga zagaye na uku. Wannan tsarin yana ba da dama ga ƙananan kungiyoyi su fafata da manyan kungiyoyi. &lt;ref&gt;The FA Handbook, 2021&lt;/ref&gt;

An fi buga wasan ƙarshe na FA Cup a filin wasa na Wembley Stadium da ke London. Wannan wasa na ƙarshe yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake jira a kalandar kwallon kafa ta duniya, kuma yana jan hankalin miliyoyin masu kallo a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;Wembley Stadium Records, 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar da ta fi lashe gasar FA Cup ita ce Arsenal, wacce ta lashe kofin sau 14, yayin da wasu manyan kungiyoyi kamar Manchester United, Chelsea, da Liverpool suma suka yi fice a gasar. &lt;ref&gt;FA Cup Statistics, 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

FA Cup na da muhimmanci sosai a tarihin kwallon kafa saboda ita ce gasar da ta kafa tubalin tsarin gasannin knockout a duniya. Hakanan tana ba kungiyoyi damar samun gurbin shiga gasannin Turai kamar UEFA Europa League idan suka yi nasara. &lt;ref&gt;UEFA Qualification Rules, 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Gasar ==
Gasar FA Cup tana kunshe da zagaye da dama kamar haka:
* Preliminary Rounds
* Qualifying Rounds
* Proper Rounds
* Quarter-finals
* Semi-finals
* Final &lt;ref&gt;Competition Format Guide, FA&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muhimmancin Gasar ==
FA Cup tana da muhimmanci saboda:
* Ita ce gasar mafi dadewa a duniya
* Tana bai wa ƙananan kungiyoyi dama
* Tana kawo gasa mai cike da tarihi da al'ada &lt;ref&gt;Football Heritage Review, 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828993</id>
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[[Fayil:FA Cup.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:The FA Cup Trophy.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Chelsea campeão da FA Cup 2017-18.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox football competition
| name = FA Cup
| image = FA Cup Trophy.png
| founded = 1871
| region = England
| number_of_teams = 700+ (varies yearly)
| current_champions = Manchester United
| most_successful_club = Arsenal (14 titles)
| website = https://www.thefa.com
}}

'''FA Cup''' (wanda ake kira '''Football Association Challenge Cup''') gasar kwallon kafa ce mafi tsohuwa a duniya wacce ake bugawa a ƙasar Ingila. An kafa gasar ne a shekarar 1871 ta hannun Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Ingila (The Football Association), kuma tana bai wa dukkan kungiyoyin kwallon kafa damar shiga daga manyan lig-lig har zuwa ƙananan kungiyoyi. &lt;ref&gt;FA Official History, 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Gasar FA Cup tana da tsarin ''knockout'', wato idan kungiya ta sha kashi tana fita kai tsaye daga gasar. Wannan tsarin yana sa gasar ta zama mai cike da mamaki saboda ƙananan kungiyoyi na iya doke manyan kungiyoyi, abin da ake kira ''giant killing''. &lt;ref&gt;BBC Sport Analysis, 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana fara gasar ne da zagaye na farko wanda ƙananan kungiyoyi ke shiga, sannan manyan kungiyoyin Premier League suna shiga ne daga zagaye na uku. Wannan tsarin yana ba da dama ga ƙananan kungiyoyi su fafata da manyan kungiyoyi. &lt;ref&gt;The FA Handbook, 2021&lt;/ref&gt;

An fi buga wasan ƙarshe na FA Cup a filin wasa na Wembley Stadium da ke London. Wannan wasa na ƙarshe yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake jira a kalandar kwallon kafa ta duniya, kuma yana jan hankalin miliyoyin masu kallo a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;Wembley Stadium Records, 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar da ta fi lashe gasar FA Cup ita ce Arsenal, wacce ta lashe kofin sau 14, yayin da wasu manyan kungiyoyi kamar Manchester United, Chelsea, da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] suma suka yi fice a gasar. &lt;ref&gt;FA Cup Statistics, 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

FA Cup na da muhimmanci sosai a tarihin kwallon kafa saboda ita ce gasar da ta kafa tubalin tsarin gasannin knockout a duniya. Hakanan tana ba kungiyoyi damar samun gurbin shiga gasannin Turai kamar UEFA Europa League idan suka yi nasara. &lt;ref&gt;UEFA Qualification Rules, 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Gasar ==
Gasar FA Cup tana kunshe da zagaye da dama kamar haka:
* Preliminary Rounds
* Qualifying Rounds
* Proper Rounds
* Quarter-finals
* Semi-finals
* Final &lt;ref&gt;Competition Format Guide, FA&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muhimmancin Gasar ==
FA Cup tana da muhimmanci saboda:
* Ita ce gasar mafi dadewa a duniya
* Tana bai wa ƙananan kungiyoyi dama
* Tana kawo gasa mai cike da tarihi da al'ada &lt;ref&gt;Football Heritage Review, 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>tg6fayqmjxx9hslp2divuk3n78zk8pq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828994</id>
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[[Fayil:FA Cup.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:The FA Cup Trophy.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Chelsea campeão da FA Cup 2017-18.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox football competition
| name = FA Cup
| image = FA Cup Trophy.png
| founded = 1871
| region = England
| number_of_teams = 700+ (varies yearly)
| current_champions = Manchester United
| most_successful_club = Arsenal (14 titles)
| website = https://www.thefa.com
}}

'''FA Cup''' (wanda ake kira '''Football Association Challenge Cup''') gasar kwallon kafa ce mafi tsohuwa a duniya wacce ake bugawa a ƙasar [[Ingila]]. An kafa gasar ne a shekarar 1871 ta hannun Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Ingila (The Football Association), kuma tana bai wa dukkan kungiyoyin kwallon kafa damar shiga daga manyan lig-lig har zuwa ƙananan kungiyoyi. &lt;ref&gt;FA Official History, 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Gasar FA Cup tana da tsarin ''knockout'', wato idan kungiya ta sha kashi tana fita kai tsaye daga gasar. Wannan tsarin yana sa gasar ta zama mai cike da mamaki saboda ƙananan kungiyoyi na iya doke manyan kungiyoyi, abin da ake kira ''giant killing''. &lt;ref&gt;BBC Sport Analysis, 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana fara gasar ne da zagaye na farko wanda ƙananan kungiyoyi ke shiga, sannan manyan kungiyoyin Premier League suna shiga ne daga zagaye na uku. Wannan tsarin yana ba da dama ga ƙananan kungiyoyi su fafata da manyan kungiyoyi. &lt;ref&gt;The FA Handbook, 2021&lt;/ref&gt;

An fi buga wasan ƙarshe na FA Cup a filin wasa na Wembley Stadium da ke London. Wannan wasa na ƙarshe yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake jira a kalandar kwallon kafa ta duniya, kuma yana jan hankalin miliyoyin masu kallo a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;Wembley Stadium Records, 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar da ta fi lashe gasar FA Cup ita ce [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], wacce ta lashe kofin sau 14, yayin da wasu manyan kungiyoyi kamar Manchester United, [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] suma suka yi fice a gasar. &lt;ref&gt;FA Cup Statistics, 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

FA Cup na da muhimmanci sosai a tarihin kwallon kafa saboda ita ce gasar da ta kafa tubalin tsarin gasannin knockout a duniya. Hakanan tana ba kungiyoyi damar samun gurbin shiga gasannin Turai kamar UEFA Europa League idan suka yi nasara. &lt;ref&gt;UEFA Qualification Rules, 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Gasar ==
Gasar FA Cup tana kunshe da zagaye da dama kamar haka:
* Preliminary Rounds
* Qualifying Rounds
* Proper Rounds
* Quarter-finals
* Semi-finals
* Final &lt;ref&gt;Competition Format Guide, FA&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muhimmancin Gasar ==
FA Cup tana da muhimmanci saboda:
* Ita ce gasar mafi dadewa a duniya
* Tana bai wa ƙananan kungiyoyi dama
* Tana kawo gasa mai cike da tarihi da al'ada &lt;ref&gt;Football Heritage Review, 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7y9p7qjckf17qso4jwkprnt6e25cz1s</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Europian Football Association</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>828995</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T08:07:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:UEFA logo.svg|thumb|European Football Association]]</comment>
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    <revision>
      <id>828997</id>
      <parentid>828995</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T08:10:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828997</origin>
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      <text bytes="2410" sha1="2ioxeew2pf3uo09bh7ez6pplfyeq00n" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:UEFA logo.svg|thumb|European Football Association]]
{{Infobox organization
| name                = Union of European Football Associations
| abbreviation        = UEFA
| formation           = 15 June 1954
| type                = Sports organization
| headquarters        = Nyon, Switzerland
| membership          = 55 national associations
| president           = Aleksander Čeferin
| website             = {{URL|https://www.uefa.com}}
}}

'''Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)''' wata kungiya ce da ke kula da harkokin kwallon kafa a nahiyar Turai. An kafa ta ne a ranar 15 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 1954, kuma ita ce daya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin da ke karkashin '''FIFA''' a duniya. UEFA tana da alhakin tsara gasanni, dokoki, da kuma bunkasa harkar kwallon kafa a kasashen Turai.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Official Website, History of UEFA&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An kafa UEFA ne bayan taron kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na kasashen Turai a Basel, Switzerland. Kasashe 25 ne suka kafa kungiyar a farko, kuma daga baya ta fadada zuwa kasashe 55. Babban dalilin kafa UEFA shi ne samar da hadin kai tsakanin kasashen Turai da kuma inganta gasar kwallon kafa a nahiyar.&lt;ref&gt;FIFA Archives, Formation of UEFA&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
UEFA tana da ayyuka da dama da suka hada da shirya manyan gasa irin su '''UEFA Champions League''', '''UEFA Europa League''', da kuma '''UEFA European Championship (Euro)'''. Haka kuma tana kula da dokokin wasa, horar da alkalai, da kuma tallafawa cigaban kungiyoyin kwallon kafa a matakai daban-daban.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Competitions Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsari ==
UEFA tana karkashin shugabanci na shugaban kungiyar da kuma kwamitin zartarwa. Shugaban kungiyar na yanzu shi ne Aleksander Čeferin wanda aka zaba a shekarar 2016. Hedikwatar UEFA tana a birnin Nyon, Switzerland.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Governance Structure&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mambobi ==
Kungiyar UEFA tana da mambobi 55, wadanda suka hada da kasashen Turai da wasu kasashe da ke kusa da Turai. Kowace kasa tana da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa da ke wakiltarta a cikin UEFA.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Member Associations&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasiri ==
UEFA na da tasiri sosai a duniya saboda irin manyan gasannin da take shiryawa da kuma kudaden shiga da take samarwa. Gasar '''UEFA Champions League''' na daya daga cikin mafi kallo a duniya, kuma tana jawo hankalin miliyoyin masu kallo a kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;Global Football Reports, UEFA Impact&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2ioxeew2pf3uo09bh7ez6pplfyeq00n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828998</id>
      <parentid>828997</parentid>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>43323</id>
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{{Infobox organization
| name                = Union of European Football Associations
| abbreviation        = UEFA
| formation           = 15 June 1954
| type                = Sports organization
| headquarters        = Nyon, Switzerland
| membership          = 55 national associations
| president           = Aleksander Čeferin
| website             = {{URL|https://www.uefa.com}}
}}

'''Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)''' wata kungiya ce da ke kula da harkokin kwallon kafa a nahiyar Turai. An kafa ta ne a ranar 15 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 1954, kuma ita ce daya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin da ke karkashin '''[[FIFA]]''' a duniya. UEFA tana da alhakin tsara gasanni, dokoki, da kuma bunkasa harkar kwallon kafa a kasashen Turai.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Official Website, History of UEFA&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An kafa UEFA ne bayan taron kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na kasashen Turai a Basel, Switzerland. Kasashe 25 ne suka kafa kungiyar a farko, kuma daga baya ta fadada zuwa kasashe 55. Babban dalilin kafa UEFA shi ne samar da hadin kai tsakanin kasashen Turai da kuma inganta gasar kwallon kafa a nahiyar.&lt;ref&gt;FIFA Archives, Formation of UEFA&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
UEFA tana da ayyuka da dama da suka hada da shirya manyan gasa irin su '''UEFA Champions League''', '''UEFA Europa League''', da kuma '''UEFA European Championship (Euro)'''. Haka kuma tana kula da dokokin wasa, horar da alkalai, da kuma tallafawa cigaban kungiyoyin kwallon kafa a matakai daban-daban.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Competitions Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsari ==
UEFA tana karkashin shugabanci na shugaban kungiyar da kuma kwamitin zartarwa. Shugaban kungiyar na yanzu shi ne Aleksander Čeferin wanda aka zaba a shekarar 2016. Hedikwatar UEFA tana a birnin Nyon, Switzerland.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Governance Structure&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mambobi ==
Kungiyar UEFA tana da mambobi 55, wadanda suka hada da kasashen Turai da wasu kasashe da ke kusa da Turai. Kowace kasa tana da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa da ke wakiltarta a cikin UEFA.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Member Associations&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasiri ==
UEFA na da tasiri sosai a duniya saboda irin manyan gasannin da take shiryawa da kuma kudaden shiga da take samarwa. Gasar '''UEFA Champions League''' na daya daga cikin mafi kallo a duniya, kuma tana jawo hankalin miliyoyin masu kallo a kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;Global Football Reports, UEFA Impact&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ggfmauloqtw0frabeirps4gd2r6yfuc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828999</id>
      <parentid>828998</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T08:11:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
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{{Infobox organization
| name                = Union of European Football Associations
| abbreviation        = UEFA
| formation           = 15 June 1954
| type                = Sports organization
| headquarters        = Nyon, Switzerland
| membership          = 55 national associations
| president           = Aleksander Čeferin
| website             = {{URL|https://www.uefa.com}}
}}

'''Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)''' wata kungiya ce da ke kula da harkokin kwallon kafa a nahiyar Turai. An kafa ta ne a ranar 15 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 1954, kuma ita ce daya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin da ke karkashin '''[[FIFA]]''' a duniya. UEFA tana da alhakin tsara gasanni, dokoki, da kuma bunkasa harkar kwallon kafa a kasashen Turai.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Official Website, History of UEFA&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An kafa UEFA ne bayan taron kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na kasashen Turai a Basel, Switzerland. Kasashe 25 ne suka kafa kungiyar a farko, kuma daga baya ta fadada zuwa kasashe 55. Babban dalilin kafa UEFA shi ne samar da hadin kai tsakanin kasashen Turai da kuma inganta gasar kwallon kafa a nahiyar.&lt;ref&gt;FIFA Archives, Formation of UEFA&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
UEFA tana da ayyuka da dama da suka hada da shirya manyan gasa irin su '''[[UEFA Champions League]]''', '''UEFA Europa League''', da kuma '''UEFA European Championship (Euro)'''. Haka kuma tana kula da dokokin wasa, horar da alkalai, da kuma tallafawa cigaban kungiyoyin kwallon kafa a matakai daban-daban.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Competitions Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsari ==
UEFA tana karkashin shugabanci na shugaban kungiyar da kuma kwamitin zartarwa. Shugaban kungiyar na yanzu shi ne Aleksander Čeferin wanda aka zaba a shekarar 2016. Hedikwatar UEFA tana a birnin Nyon, Switzerland.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Governance Structure&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mambobi ==
Kungiyar UEFA tana da mambobi 55, wadanda suka hada da kasashen Turai da wasu kasashe da ke kusa da Turai. Kowace kasa tana da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa da ke wakiltarta a cikin UEFA.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Member Associations&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasiri ==
UEFA na da tasiri sosai a duniya saboda irin manyan gasannin da take shiryawa da kuma kudaden shiga da take samarwa. Gasar '''UEFA Champions League''' na daya daga cikin mafi kallo a duniya, kuma tana jawo hankalin miliyoyin masu kallo a kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;Global Football Reports, UEFA Impact&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>bbw60fzrkwg7u1i0288h37ty5dkxld1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>829000</id>
      <parentid>828999</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T08:13:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
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      <minor />
      <origin>829000</origin>
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      <text bytes="2422" sha1="6e9ouem8z7haq0ry9upv19z39wlo09d" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:UEFA logo.svg|thumb|European Football Association]]
{{Infobox organization
| name                = Union of European Football Associations
| abbreviation        = UEFA
| formation           = 15 June 1954
| type                = Sports organization
| headquarters        = Nyon, Switzerland
| membership          = 55 national associations
| president           = Aleksander Čeferin
| website             = {{URL|https://www.uefa.com}}
}}

'''Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)''' wata kungiya ce da ke kula da harkokin kwallon kafa a nahiyar Turai. An kafa ta ne a ranar 15 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 1954, kuma ita ce daya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin da ke karkashin '''[[FIFA]]''' a [[duniya]]. UEFA tana da alhakin tsara gasanni, dokoki, da kuma bunkasa harkar kwallon kafa a kasashen Turai.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Official Website, History of UEFA&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An kafa UEFA ne bayan taron kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na kasashen Turai a Basel, Switzerland. Kasashe 25 ne suka kafa kungiyar a farko, kuma daga baya ta fadada zuwa kasashe 55. Babban dalilin kafa UEFA shi ne samar da hadin kai tsakanin kasashen Turai da kuma inganta gasar kwallon kafa a nahiyar.&lt;ref&gt;FIFA Archives, Formation of UEFA&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
UEFA tana da ayyuka da dama da suka hada da shirya manyan gasa irin su '''[[UEFA Champions League]]''', '''UEFA Europa League''', da kuma '''UEFA European Championship (Euro)'''. Haka kuma tana kula da dokokin wasa, horar da alkalai, da kuma tallafawa cigaban kungiyoyin kwallon kafa a matakai daban-daban.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Competitions Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsari ==
UEFA tana karkashin shugabanci na shugaban kungiyar da kuma kwamitin zartarwa. Shugaban kungiyar na yanzu shi ne Aleksander Čeferin wanda aka zaba a shekarar 2016. Hedikwatar UEFA tana a birnin Nyon, Switzerland.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Governance Structure&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mambobi ==
Kungiyar UEFA tana da mambobi 55, wadanda suka hada da kasashen Turai da wasu kasashe da ke kusa da Turai. Kowace kasa tana da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa da ke wakiltarta a cikin UEFA.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Member Associations&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasiri ==
UEFA na da tasiri sosai a duniya saboda irin manyan gasannin da take shiryawa da kuma kudaden shiga da take samarwa. Gasar '''UEFA Champions League''' na daya daga cikin mafi kallo a duniya, kuma tana jawo hankalin miliyoyin masu kallo a kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;Global Football Reports, UEFA Impact&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6e9ouem8z7haq0ry9upv19z39wlo09d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>UEFA European Championship</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148916</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829002</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T08:20:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:Stamp of Armenia - 2016 - Colnect 650880 - UEFA European Football Championship 2016 France.jpeg|thumb]] [[Fayil:2016 UEFA Euro Winner Medal CR7Museum.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:2020 UEFA Euro Topscorer Award CR7Museum.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox international football competition | name = UEFA European Championship | logo = UEFA Euro logo.svg | founded = 1960 | region = Europe (UEFA) | number_of_teams = 24 (final tournament) | current_champions = Spain (4th title) | most_successful_...</comment>
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[[Fayil:2016 UEFA Euro Winner Medal CR7Museum.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:2020 UEFA Euro Topscorer Award CR7Museum.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox international football competition
| name = UEFA European Championship
| logo = UEFA Euro logo.svg
| founded = 1960
| region = Europe (UEFA)
| number_of_teams = 24 (final tournament)
| current_champions = Spain (4th title)
| most_successful_team = Germany and Spain (4 titles each)
| website = https://www.uefa.com/euro/
}}

'''UEFA European Championship''' (wanda ake kira '''UEFA Euro''' ko '''Euro''') gasar kwallon kafa ce ta kasa da kasa da ake shirya ta karkashin [[UEFA]] (Union of European Football Associations). Ana gudanar da ita duk bayan shekaru hudu, kuma tana hada manyan kasashen Turai domin fafatawa don lashe kofin nahiyar. Gasar na daga cikin manyan gasannin kwallon kafa a duniya bayan [[FIFA World Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Official Website, History of the European Championship&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An fara gasar ne a shekarar 1960, inda aka gudanar da gasar farko a kasar [[France]]. A wancan lokaci, ana kiranta '''European Nations' Cup'''. Kasar [[Soviet Union]] ce ta zama zakara na farko bayan ta doke [[Yugoslavia]] a wasan karshe. Tun daga shekarar 1968 ne aka sauya suna zuwa '''UEFA European Championship'''.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Euro History Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

A farkon lokaci, kasashe hudu ne kawai ke kaiwa matakin karshe, amma daga baya aka kara yawan kasashe zuwa 8, sannan 16, kuma tun daga 2016 ana buga gasar da kasashe 24.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Competition Format Changes&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Gasar ==
Ana fara gasar ne da matakin tantancewa (qualifiers), inda kasashe mambobin UEFA ke fafatawa domin samun gurbi a gasar karshe. Bayan haka, ana raba kasashen zuwa rukuni-rukuni (groups), sannan kungiyoyi mafi kyau su tsallaka zuwa matakin knockout.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Euro Competition Rules&lt;/ref&gt;

Matakan gasar sun hada da:
* Matakin rukuni (Group Stage)
* Zagayen 16 (Round of 16)
* Quarter-finals
* Semi-finals
* Final&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Official Regulations&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori da Zakaru ==
Kasashen da suka fi samun nasara a gasar sun hada da:
* [[Germany]] – sau 4
* [[Spain]] – sau 4
* [[France]] – sau 2
* [[Italy]] – sau 2&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Statistics Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Spain ce ta zama kasa ta farko da ta kare kofin sau biyu a jere (2008 da 2012).&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Historical Records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muhimmancin Gasar ==
UEFA Euro na da matukar muhimmanci a duniya saboda:
* Yana hada manyan 'yan wasa daga Turai
* Yana kara hadin kai tsakanin kasashen Turai
* Yana taimakawa bunkasa harkar kwallon kafa&lt;ref&gt;European Football Development Report&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sabbin Canje-canje ==
A shekarun baya-bayan nan, UEFA ta bullo da sababbin tsare-tsare kamar:
* Karuwar yawan kasashe zuwa 24
* Amfani da fasahar [[VAR]] (Video Assistant Referee)
* Shirya gasar a kasashe da dama lokaci guda (misali Euro 2020)&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Innovation and Technology Report&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba Kuma ==
* [[FIFA World Cup]]
* [[UEFA Champions League]]
* [[UEFA Nations League]]

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>412b0wstddut3mag404yaid0cln84u9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>829003</id>
      <parentid>829002</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T08:21:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
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      <text bytes="3051" sha1="8wt97h5aq0kheweonypottk7z6csoja" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Stamp of Armenia - 2016 - Colnect 650880 - UEFA European Football Championship 2016 France.jpeg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:2016 UEFA Euro Winner Medal CR7Museum.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:2020 UEFA Euro Topscorer Award CR7Museum.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox international football competition
| name = UEFA European Championship
| founded = 1960
| region = Europe (UEFA)
| number_of_teams = 24 (final tournament)
| current_champions = Spain (4th title)
| most_successful_team = Germany and Spain (4 titles each)
| website = https://www.uefa.com/euro/
}}

'''UEFA European Championship''' (wanda ake kira '''UEFA Euro''' ko '''Euro''') gasar kwallon kafa ce ta kasa da kasa da ake shirya ta karkashin [[UEFA]] (Union of European Football Associations). Ana gudanar da ita duk bayan shekaru hudu, kuma tana hada manyan kasashen Turai domin fafatawa don lashe kofin nahiyar. Gasar na daga cikin manyan gasannin kwallon kafa a duniya bayan [[FIFA World Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Official Website, History of the European Championship&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An fara gasar ne a shekarar 1960, inda aka gudanar da gasar farko a kasar [[France]]. A wancan lokaci, ana kiranta '''European Nations' Cup'''. Kasar [[Soviet Union]] ce ta zama zakara na farko bayan ta doke [[Yugoslavia]] a wasan karshe. Tun daga shekarar 1968 ne aka sauya suna zuwa '''UEFA European Championship'''.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Euro History Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

A farkon lokaci, kasashe hudu ne kawai ke kaiwa matakin karshe, amma daga baya aka kara yawan kasashe zuwa 8, sannan 16, kuma tun daga 2016 ana buga gasar da kasashe 24.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Competition Format Changes&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Gasar ==
Ana fara gasar ne da matakin tantancewa (qualifiers), inda kasashe mambobin UEFA ke fafatawa domin samun gurbi a gasar karshe. Bayan haka, ana raba kasashen zuwa rukuni-rukuni (groups), sannan kungiyoyi mafi kyau su tsallaka zuwa matakin knockout.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Euro Competition Rules&lt;/ref&gt;

Matakan gasar sun hada da:
* Matakin rukuni (Group Stage)
* Zagayen 16 (Round of 16)
* Quarter-finals
* Semi-finals
* Final&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Official Regulations&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori da Zakaru ==
Kasashen da suka fi samun nasara a gasar sun hada da:
* [[Germany]] – sau 4
* [[Spain]] – sau 4
* [[France]] – sau 2
* [[Italy]] – sau 2&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Statistics Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Spain ce ta zama kasa ta farko da ta kare kofin sau biyu a jere (2008 da 2012).&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Historical Records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muhimmancin Gasar ==
UEFA Euro na da matukar muhimmanci a duniya saboda:
* Yana hada manyan 'yan wasa daga Turai
* Yana kara hadin kai tsakanin kasashen Turai
* Yana taimakawa bunkasa harkar kwallon kafa&lt;ref&gt;European Football Development Report&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sabbin Canje-canje ==
A shekarun baya-bayan nan, UEFA ta bullo da sababbin tsare-tsare kamar:
* Karuwar yawan kasashe zuwa 24
* Amfani da fasahar [[VAR]] (Video Assistant Referee)
* Shirya gasar a kasashe da dama lokaci guda (misali Euro 2020)&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Innovation and Technology Report&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba Kuma ==
* [[FIFA World Cup]]
* [[UEFA Champions League]]
* [[UEFA Nations League]]

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8wt97h5aq0kheweonypottk7z6csoja</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>829005</id>
      <parentid>829003</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T08:23:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
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      <text bytes="3030" sha1="h3crs4l603cotgz9tiet8vdnbsca7da" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Stamp of Armenia - 2016 - Colnect 650880 - UEFA European Football Championship 2016 France.jpeg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:2016 UEFA Euro Winner Medal CR7Museum.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:2020 UEFA Euro Topscorer Award CR7Museum.jpg|thumb]]

{{Infobox organization
| name = UEFA European Championship
| founded = 1960
| region = Europe (UEFA)
| number_of_teams = 24 (final tournament)
| current_champions = Spain (4th title)
| most_successful_team = Germany and Spain (4 titles each)
| website = https://www.uefa.com/euro/
}}

'''UEFA European Championship''' (wanda ake kira '''UEFA Euro''' ko '''Euro''') gasar kwallon kafa ce ta kasa da kasa da ake shirya ta karkashin [[UEFA]] (Union of European Football Associations). Ana gudanar da ita duk bayan shekaru hudu, kuma tana hada manyan kasashen Turai domin fafatawa don lashe kofin nahiyar. Gasar na daga cikin manyan gasannin kwallon kafa a duniya bayan [[FIFA World Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Official Website, History of the European Championship&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An fara gasar ne a shekarar 1960, inda aka gudanar da gasar farko a kasar [[France]]. A wancan lokaci, ana kiranta '''European Nations' Cup'''. Kasar [[Soviet Union]] ce ta zama zakara na farko bayan ta doke [[Yugoslavia]] a wasan karshe. Tun daga shekarar 1968 ne aka sauya suna zuwa '''UEFA European Championship'''.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Euro History Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

A farkon lokaci, kasashe hudu ne kawai ke kaiwa matakin karshe, amma daga baya aka kara yawan kasashe zuwa 8, sannan 16, kuma tun daga 2016 ana buga gasar da kasashe 24.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Competition Format Changes&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Gasar ==
Ana fara gasar ne da matakin tantancewa (qualifiers), inda kasashe mambobin UEFA ke fafatawa domin samun gurbi a gasar karshe. Bayan haka, ana raba kasashen zuwa rukuni-rukuni (groups), sannan kungiyoyi mafi kyau su tsallaka zuwa matakin knockout.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Euro Competition Rules&lt;/ref&gt;

Matakan gasar sun hada da:
* Matakin rukuni (Group Stage)
* Zagayen 16 (Round of 16)
* Quarter-finals
* Semi-finals
* Final&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Official Regulations&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori da Zakaru ==
Kasashen da suka fi samun nasara a gasar sun hada da:
* [[Germany]] – sau 4
* [[Spain]] – sau 4
* [[France]] – sau 2
* [[Italy]] – sau 2&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Statistics Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Spain ce ta zama kasa ta farko da ta kare kofin sau biyu a jere (2008 da 2012).&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Historical Records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muhimmancin Gasar ==
UEFA Euro na da matukar muhimmanci a duniya saboda:
* Yana hada manyan 'yan wasa daga Turai
* Yana kara hadin kai tsakanin kasashen Turai
* Yana taimakawa bunkasa harkar kwallon kafa&lt;ref&gt;European Football Development Report&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sabbin Canje-canje ==
A shekarun baya-bayan nan, UEFA ta bullo da sababbin tsare-tsare kamar:
* Karuwar yawan kasashe zuwa 24
* Amfani da fasahar [[VAR]] (Video Assistant Referee)
* Shirya gasar a kasashe da dama lokaci guda (misali Euro 2020)&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Innovation and Technology Report&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba Kuma ==
* [[FIFA World Cup]]
* [[UEFA Champions League]]
* [[UEFA Nations League]]

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>h3crs4l603cotgz9tiet8vdnbsca7da</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Baklava</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148917</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829004</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T08:23:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351728971|Baklava]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829004</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="12069" sha1="1o3ybnf479psf62tlh8tmbweg5n01mc" xml:space="preserve">
'''Baklava''' / / bɑːkləˈvɑː ,​​​​ ˈ b ɑː k l ə v ɑː / ⓘ, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Merriam-Webster |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/baklava |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126102543/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/baklava |archive-date=2012-01-26 |access-date=2012-04-22 |publisher=Merriam-Webster}}&lt;/ref&gt; / / bəˈkl ɑː və / [ 2 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Oxford Dictionaries |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/baklava?q=baklava |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430004615/https://languages.oup.com/ |archive-date=2022-04-30 |access-date=2012-04-22 |publisher=Oxford Dictionaries}}&lt;/ref&gt; wani kayan zaki ne na biredi mai layi wanda aka yi da biredi na filo, cike da yankakken goro, sannan a yi masa zaki da ko dai syrup ko zuma.

Kalmar ''baklava'' asalin [[Turkic languages|Turkiyya]] ce. Duk da cewa ana jayayya kan asalin kayan zaki, labaran zamani da yawa suna danganta shi da al'adun biredi na [[Tsakiyar Asiya]] ta Turkiyya kuma suna da'awar cewa baklava a wani abu kusa da yanayinsa na zamani an ƙirƙira shi a cikin abincin Ottoman . Ya ci gaba da zama kayan zaki na gama gari tsakanin abinci na ƙasashen [[Yammacin Asiya]], Kudu maso Gabashin Turai, [[Tsakiyar Asiya]], da [[Arewacin Afirka]] . Haka kuma ana jin daɗinsa a Kudancin Asiya, inda, kodayake ba kayan zaki na gargajiya ba ne, ya shahara tsawon shekaru.

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Kalmar ''baklava'' an fara tabbatar da ita a Turanci a shekarar 1650,  an aro ta ne daga Ottoman Turkish   {{IPA|/bɑːklɑvɑː/}} .   Ana amfani da sunan ''baklava'' a harsuna da yawa tare da ƙananan bambance-bambancen sauti da rubutu. Tunanin farko da aka sani game da baklava yana cikin [[Waƙa|waƙar]] Kaygusuz Abdal na ƙarni na 15. 

[[Masanin tarihi]] Paul D. Buell ya yi jayayya cewa kalmar ''baklava'' na iya fitowa daga ''{{Lang|mn|baγla-}}'' baγla- 'ƙulla, naɗewa, tara' wanda aka haɗa da ƙarshen kalmomin [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] ''-v'' ;  baγla- kanta a cikin Mongolian kalma ce ta aro ta Turkic.  Mai rubuta ƙamus Sevan Nişanyan ya ɗauki tsoffin sifofinsa da aka sani (kafin 1500) a matsayin ''baklağı'' da ''baklağu'', kuma ya sanya masa suna a matsayin asalin Proto-Turkic.  An kuma rubuta wani nau'in kalmar a cikin Farisanci, {{Lang|fa|باقلبا}} ( ''{{Lang|fa-Latn|bāqlabā}}'' ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dehkhoda Persian Dictionary, باقلبا |url=http://www.loghatnaameh.com/dehkhodaworddetail-e134b0f538ae4d14b9c367f1c7ee1ab4-fa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003184850/http://www.loghatnaameh.com/dehkhodaworddetail-e134b0f538ae4d14b9c367f1c7ee1ab4-fa.html |archive-date=2011-10-03 |access-date=2012-04-22 |website=Loghatnaameh.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko da yake ƙarin bayani ''-vā'' na iya nuna asalin Farisa, &lt;ref name=&quot;Batmanglij, Najmieh 2007, page 1562&quot;&gt;Batmanglij, Najmieh, ''A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking'', I.B.Tauris, 2007, {{ISBN|1-84511-437-X}}, 9781845114374; page 156.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Marks, Gil, ''Encyclopedia of Jewish Food'', John Wiley and Sons, 2010, {{ISBN|0-470-39130-8}}, {{ISBN|978-0-470-39130-3}}; page 38.&lt;/ref&gt; ɓangaren ''baqla-'' ba ya bayyana a matsayin [[Farisawa|Farisa]] kuma ragowar da ba a san asalinsu ba.  Masanin harshe Tuncer Gülensoy ya bayyana cewa asalin baklava {{Lang|tr|bakl-ı}} ne. (cikakken abinci) a cikin proto-Turkish da kari {{Lang|tr|-la-ğı}} an ƙara. Kalmar tana canzawa kamar {{Lang|tr|bakılağı}} &gt; {{Lang|tr|bakılavı}} &gt; {{Lang|tr|baklava}} .  Sunan Larabci {{Lang|ar|بقلاوة}} ''{{Lang|ar-Latn|baqlāwa}}'' ya samo asali ne daga harshen Turkanci. &lt;ref name=&quot;Lambraki, p. 248-249&quot;&gt;Akın and Lambraki, ''Turkish and Greek Cuisine / {{Lang|tr|Türk ve Yunan Mutfağı}}'' p. 248-249, {{ISBN|975-458-484-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Plates_of_baklava,_NINO_F_Scholten_Porte_Entree_201-250_29.tiff|thumb|Shagon Baklava, tsakanin 19 Afrilu 1921 da 6 Disamba 1923, daga Frank Scholten 's ''La Porte d'entrée Jaffa'']]
An yi jayayya kan asalin ''Baklava'' .  &lt;ref name=&quot;Perry1994&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Richard}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Sfn|Faas|2005}} &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2026)&quot;&gt;shafi&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;Ana buƙatar&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Abubuwan da aka gabatar sun haɗa da kayan zaki na Girka-Roman da na Byzantine masu layi &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Salaman|1986}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Vryonis|1971}}.&lt;/ref&gt; kamar ''kek ɗin placenta'' (girke-girke na Farisa da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi), {{Sfn|Faas|2005}} ''lauzinaj'' na Larabci na zamanin da, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Darra Goldstein}}&lt;/ref&gt; da al'adar Turkci ta Tsakiyar Asiya ta burodi mai layi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Perry1994&quot; /&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Isin2023Smithsonian&quot; /&gt; Daga cikin waɗannan, bayanin da aka fi haɓaka ya danganta baklava da al'adun burodi masu layi na Turkiyya, waɗanda daga baya aka tsara su a duniyar Ottoman kuma aka haɗa su da amfani da syrup mai zaki. &lt;ref name=&quot;Perry1994&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Isin2023NatGeo&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Isin2023Smithsonian&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;AkkayaKoc2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Akkaya |first=Ayşenur |last2=Koç |first2=Banu |year=2017 |title=Past, present and tomorrow of baklava |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511_Past_Present_and_Tomorrow_of_Baklava |journal=International Rural Tourism and Development Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=47–50 |access-date=21 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar masanin tarihin abinci Gil Marks, baklava ya samo asali ne daga Farisa ko [[Turkiyya]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;marks&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Gil Marks}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai kuma da'awar cewa Assuriyawa sun yi baklava, wanda a cewarsa, sun shirya baklava a ƙarni na 8 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Akkaya |first=Ayşenur |last2=Koc |first2=Banu |year=2017 |title=Past, present and tomorrow of baklava |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511 |url-status=live |journal=International Rural Tourism and Development Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=47–50 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430004620/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511_Past_Present_and_Tomorrow_of_Baklava |archive-date=2022-04-30 |access-date=2021-05-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai kuma wasu kamanceceniya tsakanin baklava da kuma {{Lang|grc-Latn|gastris}} zaki na Girka na zamanin da . ( {{Lang|grc|γάστρις}} ),  {{Lang|grc-Latn|kopte sesamis}} ( {{Lang|grc|κοπτὴ σησαμίς}} ), da kuma {{Lang|grc-Latn|kopton}} ( {{Lang|grc|κοπτόν}} ) an same shi a cikin littafin XIV na {{Lang|el-Latn|[[Deipnosophistae]]}}   Duk da haka, girke-girken da ke akwai don cike goro da zuma, tare da saman da ƙasan zuma da niƙa [[Riɗi|sesame]] mai kama da {{Lang|it|[[sesame candy|pasteli]]}} zamani. ko {{Lang|fa-Latn|[[halva]]}}, kuma babu kullu, tabbas ba kullu mai laushi ba. 

Wani girke-girke na irin kayan zaki shine {{Lang|tr|[[güllaç]]}}, wani kayan zaki da ake samu a cikin abincin Turkiyya kuma wasu suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin asalin baklava.  Ya ƙunshi yadudduka na kullu na filo waɗanda ake sakawa ɗaya bayan ɗaya a cikin [[Madara|madarar]] da aka ɗumama tare da [[sukari]] . Ana ba da shi da goro da rumman sabo kuma galibi ana ci a lokacin Ramadan . Takardar farko da aka sani game da {{Lang|tr|güllaç}} An tabbatar da shi a cikin ''Yinshan Zhengyao'', littafin abinci da lafiya wanda ke tattara abincin [[Masarautar Mongol|Daular Mongol]], wanda Hu Sihui, wani masanin abinci na kotun Mongol na daular Yuan ta China, ya rubuta a shekara ta 1330.  &lt;ref name=&quot;sticky&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Işın |first=Priscilla Mary |date=2023-09-16 |title=The Sticky History of Baklava |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/the-sticky-history-of-baklava-180982771/ |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duk da cewa ba a rubuta tarihin ''baklava'' sosai ba, an ƙirƙiri baklava a wani abu kusa da yanayinta na zamani a duniyar Ottoman kuma ya kasance yana da alaƙa da ɗakunan girki na fadar Topkapı da ke Constantinople ( [[Istanbul]] na zamani). &lt;ref name=&quot;Perry1994&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Richard}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPerry1994&quot;&gt;Perry, Charles (1994). &quot;The Taste for Layered Bread among the Nomadic Turks and the Central Asian Origins of Baklava&quot;. In Zubaida, Sami; Tapper, Richard (eds.). ''A Taste of Thyme: Culinary Cultures of the Middle East''. London: I.B. Tauris. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1860646034|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1860646034&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; {{Sfn|Faas|2005}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ayşenur Akkaya |last2=Banu Koc |year=2017 |title=Past, Present and Tomorrow of Baklava |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511 |url-status=live |journal=IRTAD Journal |issue=August |pages=47–50 |issn=2602-4462 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430004620/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511_Past_Present_and_Tomorrow_of_Baklava |archive-date=30 April 2022 |access-date=20 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Sarkin Musulmi ya gabatar da tiren baklava ga Janissaries a lokacin Ramadan a cikin wani jerin gwano na bikin da ake kira {{Lang|ota-Latn|Baklava Alayı}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;marks&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Gil Marks}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMarks2010&quot;&gt;[[Gil Marks|Marks, Gil]] (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&amp;pg=PA151 ''Encyclopedia of Jewish Food'']. [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]]. p.&amp;nbsp;151. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0470391303|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0470391303&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wasti |first=Syed Tanvir |year=2005 |title=The Ottoman Ceremony of the Royal Purse |journal=[[Middle Eastern Studies]] |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=193–200 |doi=10.1080/00263200500035116 |s2cid=143202946}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ka'idar kek ɗin Placenta ===
Wata ka'ida da aka gabatar ta danganta baklava da mahaifar Girka da Romawa da zuriyar Byzantine, kamar plakous ko koptoplakous . [1] [1] [1] [1] [2] [lower-alpha 1] A cikin wannan fassarar, ana ɗaukar waɗannan burodi masu laushi da zuma a matsayin magabatan baklava maimakon a matsayin kayan zaki a cikin yanayin zamani. [3] [1] [4] [5] Wasu marubuta sun ba da babban nauyi ga al'adar Turkkan Tsakiyar Asiya ta burodi da burodi masu layi, yayin da suke jaddada cewa baklava kamar yadda aka san shi yanzu ya samo asali a duniyar Ottoman. [6] [7] [8] [9]

Masanin tarihi Speros Vryonis ya bayyana ''koptoplakous'' a matsayin &quot;abin da Byzantine ta fi so&quot; kuma a matsayin abincin da &quot;daidai yake da baklava na Turkiyya&quot;, {{Sfn|Vryonis|1971}} haka Rena Salaman ma. {{Sfn|Salaman|1986}} Sunan ( Greek   ) ana amfani da shi a yau a tsibirin Lesbos don ganyen biredi masu sirara tare da goro da aka niƙa, aka gasa, aka kuma rufe shi da syrup. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Τριανταφύλλη |first=Κική |date=17 October 2015 |title=Πλατσέντα, από την Αγία Παρασκευή Λέσβου |url=http://www.bostanistas.gr/?i=bostanistas.el.article&amp;id=3528 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012043857/http://www.bostanistas.gr/?i=bostanistas.el.article&amp;id=3528 |archive-date=12 October 2016 |access-date=7 February 2020 |website=bostanistas.gr}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Nassoshi ==
{{Refbegin}}
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* {{Cite book}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Christian |first=David |year=2001 |title=Review of Amitai-Preiss, 1999 |journal=[[Journal of World History]] |volume=12 |issue=2 |page=476 |doi=10.1353/jwh.2001.0055 |s2cid=161517912}}
*{{Cite book}}
* {{Cite book}}
* {{Cite book|title=Richard Tapper}}
*{{Cite book}}
* {{Cite book}}
*{{Cite book}}
*{{Cite book}} Quoted in Perry (1994).
* {{Cite journal |last=Wasti |first=Syed Tanvir |date=March 2005 |title=The Ottoman Ceremony of the Royal Purse |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=193–200 |doi=10.1080/00263200500035116 |s2cid=143202946}}
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'''Baklava''' / / bɑːkləˈvɑː ,​​​​ ˈ b ɑː k l ə v ɑː / ⓘ, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Merriam-Webster |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/baklava |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126102543/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/baklava |archive-date=2012-01-26 |access-date=2012-04-22 |publisher=Merriam-Webster}}&lt;/ref&gt; / / bəˈkl ɑː və / [ 2 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Oxford Dictionaries |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/baklava?q=baklava |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430004615/https://languages.oup.com/ |archive-date=2022-04-30 |access-date=2012-04-22 |publisher=Oxford Dictionaries}}&lt;/ref&gt; wani kayan zaki ne na biredi mai layi wanda aka yi da biredi na filo, cike da yankakken goro, sannan a yi masa zaki da ko dai syrup ko zuma.

Kalmar ''baklava'' asalin [[Turkic languages|Turkiyya]] ce. Duk da cewa ana jayayya kan asalin kayan zaki, labaran zamani da yawa suna danganta shi da al'adun biredi na [[Tsakiyar Asiya]] ta Turkiyya kuma suna da'awar cewa baklava a wani abu kusa da yanayinsa na zamani an ƙirƙira shi a cikin abincin Ottoman . Ya ci gaba da zama kayan zaki na gama gari tsakanin abinci na ƙasashen [[Yammacin Asiya]], Kudu maso Gabashin Turai, [[Tsakiyar Asiya]], da [[Arewacin Afirka]] . Haka kuma ana jin daɗinsa a Kudancin Asiya, inda, kodayake ba kayan zaki na gargajiya ba ne, ya shahara tsawon shekaru.

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Kalmar ''baklava'' an fara tabbatar da ita a Turanci a shekarar 1650,  an aro ta ne daga Ottoman Turkish   {{IPA|/bɑːklɑvɑː/}} .   Ana amfani da sunan ''baklava'' a harsuna da yawa tare da ƙananan bambance-bambancen sauti da rubutu. Tunanin farko da aka sani game da baklava yana cikin [[Waƙa|waƙar]] Kaygusuz Abdal na ƙarni na 15. 

[[Masanin tarihi]] Paul D. Buell ya yi jayayya cewa kalmar ''baklava'' na iya fitowa daga ''{{Lang|mn|baγla-}}'' baγla- 'ƙulla, naɗewa, tara' wanda aka haɗa da ƙarshen kalmomin [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] ''-v'' ;  baγla- kanta a cikin Mongolian kalma ce ta aro ta Turkic.  Mai rubuta ƙamus Sevan Nişanyan ya ɗauki tsoffin sifofinsa da aka sani (kafin 1500) a matsayin ''baklağı'' da ''baklağu'', kuma ya sanya masa suna a matsayin asalin Proto-Turkic.  An kuma rubuta wani nau'in kalmar a cikin Farisanci, {{Lang|fa|باقلبا}} ( ''{{Lang|fa-Latn|bāqlabā}}'' ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dehkhoda Persian Dictionary, باقلبا |url=http://www.loghatnaameh.com/dehkhodaworddetail-e134b0f538ae4d14b9c367f1c7ee1ab4-fa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003184850/http://www.loghatnaameh.com/dehkhodaworddetail-e134b0f538ae4d14b9c367f1c7ee1ab4-fa.html |archive-date=2011-10-03 |access-date=2012-04-22 |website=Loghatnaameh.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko da yake ƙarin bayani ''-vā'' na iya nuna asalin Farisa, &lt;ref name=&quot;Batmanglij, Najmieh 2007, page 1562&quot;&gt;Batmanglij, Najmieh, ''A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking'', I.B.Tauris, 2007, {{ISBN|1-84511-437-X}}, 9781845114374; page 156.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Marks, Gil, ''Encyclopedia of Jewish Food'', John Wiley and Sons, 2010, {{ISBN|0-470-39130-8}}, {{ISBN|978-0-470-39130-3}}; page 38.&lt;/ref&gt; ɓangaren ''baqla-'' ba ya bayyana a matsayin [[Farisawa|Farisa]] kuma ragowar da ba a san asalinsu ba.  Masanin harshe Tuncer Gülensoy ya bayyana cewa asalin baklava {{Lang|tr|bakl-ı}} ne. (cikakken abinci) a cikin proto-Turkish da kari {{Lang|tr|-la-ğı}} an ƙara. Kalmar tana canzawa kamar {{Lang|tr|bakılağı}} &gt; {{Lang|tr|bakılavı}} &gt; {{Lang|tr|baklava}} .  Sunan Larabci {{Lang|ar|بقلاوة}} ''{{Lang|ar-Latn|baqlāwa}}'' ya samo asali ne daga harshen Turkanci. &lt;ref name=&quot;Lambraki, p. 248-249&quot;&gt;Akın and Lambraki, ''Turkish and Greek Cuisine / {{Lang|tr|Türk ve Yunan Mutfağı}}'' p. 248-249, {{ISBN|975-458-484-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Plates_of_baklava,_NINO_F_Scholten_Porte_Entree_201-250_29.tiff|thumb|Shagon Baklava, tsakanin 19 Afrilu 1921 da 6 Disamba 1923, daga Frank Scholten 's ''La Porte d'entrée Jaffa'']]
An yi jayayya kan asalin ''Baklava'' .  &lt;ref name=&quot;Perry1994&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Richard}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Sfn|Faas|2005}} Abubuwan da aka gabatar sun haɗa da kayan zaki na Girka-Roman da na Byzantine masu layi &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Salaman|1986}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Vryonis|1971}}.&lt;/ref&gt; kamar ''kek ɗin placenta'' (girke-girke na Farisa da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi), {{Sfn|Faas|2005}} ''lauzinaj'' na Larabci na zamanin da, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Darra Goldstein}}&lt;/ref&gt; da al'adar Turkci ta Tsakiyar Asiya ta burodi mai layi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Perry1994&quot; /&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Isin2023Smithsonian&quot; /&gt; Daga cikin waɗannan, bayanin da aka fi haɓaka ya danganta baklava da al'adun burodi masu layi na Turkiyya, waɗanda daga baya aka tsara su a duniyar Ottoman kuma aka haɗa su da amfani da syrup mai zaki. &lt;ref name=&quot;Perry1994&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Isin2023NatGeo&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Isin2023Smithsonian&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;AkkayaKoc2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Akkaya |first=Ayşenur |last2=Koç |first2=Banu |year=2017 |title=Past, present and tomorrow of baklava |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511_Past_Present_and_Tomorrow_of_Baklava |journal=International Rural Tourism and Development Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=47–50 |access-date=21 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar masanin tarihin abinci Gil Marks, baklava ya samo asali ne daga Farisa ko [[Turkiyya]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;marks&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Gil Marks}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai kuma da'awar cewa Assuriyawa sun yi baklava, wanda a cewarsa, sun shirya baklava a ƙarni na 8 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Akkaya |first=Ayşenur |last2=Koc |first2=Banu |year=2017 |title=Past, present and tomorrow of baklava |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511 |url-status=live |journal=International Rural Tourism and Development Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=47–50 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430004620/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511_Past_Present_and_Tomorrow_of_Baklava |archive-date=2022-04-30 |access-date=2021-05-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai kuma wasu kamanceceniya tsakanin baklava da kuma {{Lang|grc-Latn|gastris}} zaki na Girka na zamanin da . ( {{Lang|grc|γάστρις}} ),  {{Lang|grc-Latn|kopte sesamis}} ( {{Lang|grc|κοπτὴ σησαμίς}} ), da kuma {{Lang|grc-Latn|kopton}} ( {{Lang|grc|κοπτόν}} ) an same shi a cikin littafin XIV na {{Lang|el-Latn|[[Deipnosophistae]]}}   Duk da haka, girke-girken da ke akwai don cike goro da zuma, tare da saman da ƙasan zuma da niƙa [[Riɗi|sesame]] mai kama da {{Lang|it|[[sesame candy|pasteli]]}} zamani. ko {{Lang|fa-Latn|[[halva]]}}, kuma babu kullu, tabbas ba kullu mai laushi ba. 

Wani girke-girke na irin kayan zaki shine {{Lang|tr|[[güllaç]]}}, wani kayan zaki da ake samu a cikin abincin Turkiyya kuma wasu suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin asalin baklava.  Ya ƙunshi yadudduka na kullu na filo waɗanda ake sakawa ɗaya bayan ɗaya a cikin [[Madara|madarar]] da aka ɗumama tare da [[sukari]] . Ana ba da shi da goro da rumman sabo kuma galibi ana ci a lokacin Ramadan . Takardar farko da aka sani game da {{Lang|tr|güllaç}} An tabbatar da shi a cikin ''Yinshan Zhengyao'', littafin abinci da lafiya wanda ke tattara abincin [[Masarautar Mongol|Daular Mongol]], wanda Hu Sihui, wani masanin abinci na kotun Mongol na daular Yuan ta China, ya rubuta a shekara ta 1330.  &lt;ref name=&quot;sticky&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Işın |first=Priscilla Mary |date=2023-09-16 |title=The Sticky History of Baklava |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/the-sticky-history-of-baklava-180982771/ |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duk da cewa ba a rubuta tarihin ''baklava'' sosai ba, an ƙirƙiri baklava a wani abu kusa da yanayinta na zamani a duniyar Ottoman kuma ya kasance yana da alaƙa da ɗakunan girki na fadar Topkapı da ke Constantinople ( [[Istanbul]] na zamani). &lt;ref name=&quot;Perry1994&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Richard}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPerry1994&quot;&gt;Perry, Charles (1994). &quot;The Taste for Layered Bread among the Nomadic Turks and the Central Asian Origins of Baklava&quot;. In Zubaida, Sami; Tapper, Richard (eds.). ''A Taste of Thyme: Culinary Cultures of the Middle East''. London: I.B. Tauris. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1860646034|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1860646034&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; {{Sfn|Faas|2005}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ayşenur Akkaya |last2=Banu Koc |year=2017 |title=Past, Present and Tomorrow of Baklava |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511 |url-status=live |journal=IRTAD Journal |issue=August |pages=47–50 |issn=2602-4462 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430004620/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511_Past_Present_and_Tomorrow_of_Baklava |archive-date=30 April 2022 |access-date=20 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Sarkin Musulmi ya gabatar da tiren baklava ga Janissaries a lokacin Ramadan a cikin wani jerin gwano na bikin da ake kira {{Lang|ota-Latn|Baklava Alayı}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;marks&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Gil Marks}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMarks2010&quot;&gt;[[Gil Marks|Marks, Gil]] (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&amp;pg=PA151 ''Encyclopedia of Jewish Food'']. [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]]. p.&amp;nbsp;151. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0470391303|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0470391303&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wasti |first=Syed Tanvir |year=2005 |title=The Ottoman Ceremony of the Royal Purse |journal=[[Middle Eastern Studies]] |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=193–200 |doi=10.1080/00263200500035116 |s2cid=143202946}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ka'idar kek ɗin Placenta ===
Wata ka'ida da aka gabatar ta danganta baklava da mahaifar Girka da Romawa da zuriyar Byzantine, kamar plakous ko koptoplakous . [1] [1] [1] [1] [2] [lower-alpha 1] A cikin wannan fassarar, ana ɗaukar waɗannan burodi masu laushi da zuma a matsayin magabatan baklava maimakon a matsayin kayan zaki a cikin yanayin zamani. [3] [1] [4] [5] Wasu marubuta sun ba da babban nauyi ga al'adar Turkkan Tsakiyar Asiya ta burodi da burodi masu layi, yayin da suke jaddada cewa baklava kamar yadda aka san shi yanzu ya samo asali a duniyar Ottoman. [6] [7] [8] [9]

Masanin tarihi Speros Vryonis ya bayyana ''koptoplakous'' a matsayin &quot;abin da Byzantine ta fi so&quot; kuma a matsayin abincin da &quot;daidai yake da baklava na Turkiyya&quot;, {{Sfn|Vryonis|1971}} haka Rena Salaman ma. {{Sfn|Salaman|1986}} Sunan ( Greek   ) ana amfani da shi a yau a tsibirin Lesbos don ganyen biredi masu sirara tare da goro da aka niƙa, aka gasa, aka kuma rufe shi da syrup. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Τριανταφύλλη |first=Κική |date=17 October 2015 |title=Πλατσέντα, από την Αγία Παρασκευή Λέσβου |url=http://www.bostanistas.gr/?i=bostanistas.el.article&amp;id=3528 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012043857/http://www.bostanistas.gr/?i=bostanistas.el.article&amp;id=3528 |archive-date=12 October 2016 |access-date=7 February 2020 |website=bostanistas.gr}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Nassoshi ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book}}
* {{Cite book}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Christian |first=David |year=2001 |title=Review of Amitai-Preiss, 1999 |journal=[[Journal of World History]] |volume=12 |issue=2 |page=476 |doi=10.1353/jwh.2001.0055 |s2cid=161517912}}
*{{Cite book}}
* {{Cite book}}
* {{Cite book|title=Richard Tapper}}
*{{Cite book}}
* {{Cite book}}
*{{Cite book}}
*{{Cite book}} Quoted in Perry (1994).
* {{Cite journal |last=Wasti |first=Syed Tanvir |date=March 2005 |title=The Ottoman Ceremony of the Royal Purse |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=193–200 |doi=10.1080/00263200500035116 |s2cid=143202946}}
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'''Baklava''' / / bɑːkləˈvɑː ,​​​​ ˈ b ɑː k l ə v ɑː / ⓘ, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Merriam-Webster |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/baklava |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126102543/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/baklava |archive-date=2012-01-26 |access-date=2012-04-22 |publisher=Merriam-Webster}}&lt;/ref&gt; / / bəˈkl ɑː və / [ 2 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Oxford Dictionaries |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/baklava?q=baklava |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430004615/https://languages.oup.com/ |archive-date=2022-04-30 |access-date=2012-04-22 |publisher=Oxford Dictionaries}}&lt;/ref&gt; wani kayan zaki ne na biredi mai layi wanda aka yi da biredi na filo, cike da yankakken goro, sannan a yi masa zaki da ko dai syrup ko zuma.

Kalmar ''baklava'' asalin [[Turkic languages|Turkiyya]] ce. Duk da cewa ana jayayya kan asalin kayan zaki, labaran zamani da yawa suna danganta shi da al'adun biredi na [[Tsakiyar Asiya]] ta Turkiyya kuma suna da'awar cewa baklava a wani abu kusa da yanayinsa na zamani an ƙirƙira shi a cikin abincin Ottoman . Ya ci gaba da zama kayan zaki na gama gari tsakanin abinci na ƙasashen [[Yammacin Asiya]], Kudu maso Gabashin Turai, [[Tsakiyar Asiya]], da [[Arewacin Afirka]] . Haka kuma ana jin daɗinsa a Kudancin Asiya, inda, kodayake ba kayan zaki na gargajiya ba ne, ya shahara tsawon shekaru.

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Kalmar ''baklava'' an fara tabbatar da ita a Turanci a shekarar 1650,  an aro ta ne daga Ottoman Turkish   {{IPA|/bɑːklɑvɑː/}} .   Ana amfani da sunan ''baklava'' a harsuna da yawa tare da ƙananan bambance-bambancen sauti da rubutu. Tunanin farko da aka sani game da baklava yana cikin [[Waƙa|waƙar]] Kaygusuz Abdal na ƙarni na 15. 

[[Masanin tarihi]] Paul D. Buell ya yi jayayya cewa kalmar ''baklava'' na iya fitowa daga ''{{Lang|mn|baγla-}}'' baγla- 'ƙulla, naɗewa, tara' wanda aka haɗa da ƙarshen kalmomin [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] ''-v'' ;  baγla- kanta a cikin Mongolian kalma ce ta aro ta Turkic.  Mai rubuta ƙamus Sevan Nişanyan ya ɗauki tsoffin sifofinsa da aka sani (kafin 1500) a matsayin ''baklağı'' da ''baklağu'', kuma ya sanya masa suna a matsayin asalin Proto-Turkic.  An kuma rubuta wani nau'in kalmar a cikin Farisanci, {{Lang|fa|باقلبا}} ( ''{{Lang|fa-Latn|bāqlabā}}'' ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dehkhoda Persian Dictionary, باقلبا |url=http://www.loghatnaameh.com/dehkhodaworddetail-e134b0f538ae4d14b9c367f1c7ee1ab4-fa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003184850/http://www.loghatnaameh.com/dehkhodaworddetail-e134b0f538ae4d14b9c367f1c7ee1ab4-fa.html |archive-date=2011-10-03 |access-date=2012-04-22 |website=Loghatnaameh.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko da yake ƙarin bayani ''-vā'' na iya nuna asalin Farisa, &lt;ref name=&quot;Batmanglij, Najmieh 2007, page 1562&quot;&gt;Batmanglij, Najmieh, ''A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking'', I.B.Tauris, 2007, {{ISBN|1-84511-437-X}}, 9781845114374; page 156.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Marks, Gil, ''Encyclopedia of Jewish Food'', John Wiley and Sons, 2010, {{ISBN|0-470-39130-8}}, {{ISBN|978-0-470-39130-3}}; page 38.&lt;/ref&gt; ɓangaren ''baqla-'' ba ya bayyana a matsayin [[Farisawa|Farisa]] kuma ragowar da ba a san asalinsu ba.  Masanin harshe Tuncer Gülensoy ya bayyana cewa asalin baklava {{Lang|tr|bakl-ı}} ne. (cikakken abinci) a cikin proto-Turkish da kari {{Lang|tr|-la-ğı}} an ƙara. Kalmar tana canzawa kamar {{Lang|tr|bakılağı}} &gt; {{Lang|tr|bakılavı}} &gt; {{Lang|tr|baklava}} .  Sunan Larabci {{Lang|ar|بقلاوة}} ''{{Lang|ar-Latn|baqlāwa}}'' ya samo asali ne daga harshen Turkanci. &lt;ref name=&quot;Lambraki, p. 248-249&quot;&gt;Akın and Lambraki, ''Turkish and Greek Cuisine / {{Lang|tr|Türk ve Yunan Mutfağı}}'' p. 248-249, {{ISBN|975-458-484-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Plates_of_baklava,_NINO_F_Scholten_Porte_Entree_201-250_29.tiff|thumb|Shagon Baklava, tsakanin 19 Afrilu 1921 da 6 Disamba 1923, daga Frank Scholten 's ''La Porte d'entrée Jaffa'']]
An yi jayayya kan asalin ''Baklava'' .  &lt;ref name=&quot;Perry1994&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Richard}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Sfn|Faas|2005}} Abubuwan da aka gabatar sun haɗa da kayan zaki na Girka-Roman da na Byzantine masu layi &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Salaman|1986}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Vryonis|1971}}.&lt;/ref&gt; kamar ''kek ɗin placenta'' (girke-girke na Farisa da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi), {{Sfn|Faas|2005}} ''lauzinaj'' na Larabci na zamanin da, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Darra Goldstein}}&lt;/ref&gt; da al'adar Turkci ta Tsakiyar Asiya ta burodi mai layi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Perry1994&quot; /&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Isin2023Smithsonian&quot; /&gt; Daga cikin waɗannan, bayanin da aka fi haɓaka ya danganta baklava da al'adun burodi masu layi na Turkiyya, waɗanda daga baya aka tsara su a duniyar Ottoman kuma aka haɗa su da amfani da syrup mai zaki. &lt;ref name=&quot;Perry1994&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Isin2023NatGeo&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Isin2023Smithsonian&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;AkkayaKoc2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Akkaya |first=Ayşenur |last2=Koç |first2=Banu |year=2017 |title=Past, present and tomorrow of baklava |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511_Past_Present_and_Tomorrow_of_Baklava |journal=International Rural Tourism and Development Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=47–50 |access-date=21 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar masanin tarihin abinci Gil Marks, baklava ya samo asali ne daga Farisa ko [[Turkiyya]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;marks&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Gil Marks}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai kuma da'awar cewa Assuriyawa sun yi baklava, wanda a cewarsa, sun shirya baklava a ƙarni na 8 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Akkaya |first=Ayşenur |last2=Koc |first2=Banu |year=2017 |title=Past, present and tomorrow of baklava |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511 |url-status=live |journal=International Rural Tourism and Development Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=47–50 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430004620/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511_Past_Present_and_Tomorrow_of_Baklava |archive-date=2022-04-30 |access-date=2021-05-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai kuma wasu kamanceceniya tsakanin baklava da kuma {{Lang|grc-Latn|gastris}} zaki na Girka na zamanin da . ( {{Lang|grc|γάστρις}} ),  {{Lang|grc-Latn|kopte sesamis}} ( {{Lang|grc|κοπτὴ σησαμίς}} ), da kuma {{Lang|grc-Latn|kopton}} ( {{Lang|grc|κοπτόν}} ) an same shi a cikin littafin XIV na {{Lang|el-Latn|[[Deipnosophistae]]}}   Duk da haka, girke-girken da ke akwai don cike goro da zuma, tare da saman da ƙasan zuma da niƙa [[Riɗi|sesame]] mai kama da {{Lang|it|[[sesame candy|pasteli]]}} zamani. ko {{Lang|fa-Latn|[[halva]]}}, kuma babu kullu, tabbas ba kullu mai laushi ba. 

Wani girke-girke na irin kayan zaki shine {{Lang|tr|[[güllaç]]}}, wani kayan zaki da ake samu a cikin abincin Turkiyya kuma wasu suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin asalin baklava.  Ya ƙunshi yadudduka na kullu na filo waɗanda ake sakawa ɗaya bayan ɗaya a cikin [[Madara|madarar]] da aka ɗumama tare da [[sukari]] . Ana ba da shi da goro da rumman sabo kuma galibi ana ci a lokacin Ramadan . Takardar farko da aka sani game da {{Lang|tr|güllaç}} An tabbatar da shi a cikin ''Yinshan Zhengyao'', littafin abinci da lafiya wanda ke tattara abincin [[Masarautar Mongol|Daular Mongol]], wanda Hu Sihui, wani masanin abinci na kotun Mongol na daular Yuan ta China, ya rubuta a shekara ta 1330.  &lt;ref name=&quot;sticky&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Işın |first=Priscilla Mary |date=2023-09-16 |title=The Sticky History of Baklava |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/the-sticky-history-of-baklava-180982771/ |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duk da cewa ba a rubuta tarihin ''baklava'' sosai ba, an ƙirƙiri baklava a wani abu kusa da yanayinta na zamani a duniyar Ottoman kuma ya kasance yana da alaƙa da ɗakunan girki na fadar Topkapı da ke Constantinople ( [[Istanbul]] na zamani). &lt;ref name=&quot;Perry1994&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Richard}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPerry1994&quot;&gt;Perry, Charles (1994). &quot;The Taste for Layered Bread among the Nomadic Turks and the Central Asian Origins of Baklava&quot;. In Zubaida, Sami; Tapper, Richard (eds.). ''A Taste of Thyme: Culinary Cultures of the Middle East''. London: I.B. Tauris. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1860646034|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1860646034&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; {{Sfn|Faas|2005}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ayşenur Akkaya |last2=Banu Koc |year=2017 |title=Past, Present and Tomorrow of Baklava |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511 |url-status=live |journal=IRTAD Journal |issue=August |pages=47–50 |issn=2602-4462 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430004620/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511_Past_Present_and_Tomorrow_of_Baklava |archive-date=30 April 2022 |access-date=20 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Sarkin Musulmi ya gabatar da tiren baklava ga Janissaries a lokacin Ramadan a cikin wani jerin gwano na bikin da ake kira {{Lang|ota-Latn|Baklava Alayı}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;marks&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Gil Marks}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMarks2010&quot;&gt;[[Gil Marks|Marks, Gil]] (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&amp;pg=PA151 ''Encyclopedia of Jewish Food'']. [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]]. p.&amp;nbsp;151. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0470391303|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0470391303&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wasti |first=Syed Tanvir |year=2005 |title=The Ottoman Ceremony of the Royal Purse |journal=[[Middle Eastern Studies]] |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=193–200 |doi=10.1080/00263200500035116 |s2cid=143202946}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ka'idar kek ɗin Placenta ===
Wata ka'ida da aka gabatar ta danganta baklava da mahaifar Girka da Romawa da zuriyar Byzantine, kamar plakous ko koptoplakous . [1] [1] [1] [1] [2] [lower-alpha 1] A cikin wannan fassarar, ana ɗaukar waɗannan burodi masu laushi da zuma a matsayin magabatan baklava maimakon a matsayin kayan zaki a cikin yanayin zamani. [3] [1] [4] [5] Wasu marubuta sun ba da babban nauyi ga al'adar Turkkan Tsakiyar Asiya ta burodi da burodi masu layi, yayin da suke jaddada cewa baklava kamar yadda aka san shi yanzu ya samo asali a duniyar Ottoman. [6] [7] [8] [9]

Masanin tarihi Speros Vryonis ya bayyana ''koptoplakous'' a matsayin &quot;abin da Byzantine ta fi so&quot; kuma a matsayin abincin da &quot;daidai yake da baklava na Turkiyya&quot;, {{Sfn|Vryonis|1971}} haka Rena Salaman ma. {{Sfn|Salaman|1986}} Sunan ( Greek   ) ana amfani da shi a yau a tsibirin Lesbos don ganyen biredi masu sirara tare da goro da aka niƙa, aka gasa, aka kuma rufe shi da syrup. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Τριανταφύλλη |first=Κική |date=17 October 2015 |title=Πλατσέντα, από την Αγία Παρασκευή Λέσβου |url=http://www.bostanistas.gr/?i=bostanistas.el.article&amp;id=3528 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012043857/http://www.bostanistas.gr/?i=bostanistas.el.article&amp;id=3528 |archive-date=12 October 2016 |access-date=7 February 2020 |website=bostanistas.gr}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Nassoshi ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book}}
* {{Cite book}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Christian |first=David |year=2001 |title=Review of Amitai-Preiss, 1999 |journal=[[Journal of World History]] |volume=12 |issue=2 |page=476 |doi=10.1353/jwh.2001.0055 |s2cid=161517912}}
*{{Cite book}}
* {{Cite book}}
* {{Cite book|title=Richard Tapper}}
*{{Cite book}}
* {{Cite book}}
*{{Cite book}}
*{{Cite book}} Quoted in Perry (1994).
* {{Cite journal |last=Wasti |first=Syed Tanvir |date=March 2005 |title=The Ottoman Ceremony of the Royal Purse |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=193–200 |doi=10.1080/00263200500035116 |s2cid=143202946}}
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'''Baklava''' / / bɑːkləˈvɑː ,​​​​ ˈ b ɑː k l ə v ɑː / ⓘ, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Merriam-Webster |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/baklava |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126102543/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/baklava |archive-date=2012-01-26 |access-date=2012-04-22 |publisher=Merriam-Webster}}&lt;/ref&gt; / / bəˈkl ɑː və / [ 2 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Oxford Dictionaries |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/baklava?q=baklava |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430004615/https://languages.oup.com/ |archive-date=2022-04-30 |access-date=2012-04-22 |publisher=Oxford Dictionaries}}&lt;/ref&gt; wani kayan zaki ne na biredi mai layi wanda aka yi da biredi na filo, cike da yankakken goro, sannan a yi masa zaki da ko dai syrup ko zuma.

Kalmar ''baklava'' asalin [[Turkic languages|Turkiyya]] ce. Duk da cewa ana jayayya kan asalin kayan zaki, labaran zamani da yawa suna danganta shi da al'adun biredi na [[Tsakiyar Asiya]] ta Turkiyya kuma suna da'awar cewa baklava a wani abu kusa da yanayinsa na zamani an ƙirƙira shi a cikin abincin Ottoman . Ya ci gaba da zama kayan zaki na gama gari tsakanin abinci na ƙasashen [[Yammacin Asiya]], Kudu maso Gabashin Turai, [[Tsakiyar Asiya]], da [[Arewacin Afirka]] . Haka kuma ana jin daɗinsa a Kudancin Asiya, inda, kodayake ba kayan zaki na gargajiya ba ne, ya shahara tsawon shekaru.

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Kalmar ''baklava'' an fara tabbatar da ita a Turanci a shekarar 1650,  an aro ta ne daga Ottoman Turkish   {{IPA|/bɑːklɑvɑː/}} .   Ana amfani da sunan ''baklava'' a harsuna da yawa tare da ƙananan bambance-bambancen sauti da rubutu. Tunanin farko da aka sani game da baklava yana cikin [[Waƙa|waƙar]] Kaygusuz Abdal na ƙarni na 15. 

[[Masanin tarihi]] Paul D. Buell ya yi jayayya cewa kalmar ''baklava'' na iya fitowa daga ''{{Lang|mn|baγla-}}'' baγla- 'ƙulla, naɗewa, tara' wanda aka haɗa da ƙarshen kalmomin [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] ''-v'' ;  baγla- kanta a cikin Mongolian kalma ce ta aro ta Turkic.  Mai rubuta ƙamus Sevan Nişanyan ya ɗauki tsoffin sifofinsa da aka sani (kafin 1500) a matsayin ''baklağı'' da ''baklağu'', kuma ya sanya masa suna a matsayin asalin Proto-Turkic.  An kuma rubuta wani nau'in kalmar a cikin Farisanci, {{Lang|fa|باقلبا}} ( ''{{Lang|fa-Latn|bāqlabā}}'' ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dehkhoda Persian Dictionary, باقلبا |url=http://www.loghatnaameh.com/dehkhodaworddetail-e134b0f538ae4d14b9c367f1c7ee1ab4-fa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003184850/http://www.loghatnaameh.com/dehkhodaworddetail-e134b0f538ae4d14b9c367f1c7ee1ab4-fa.html |archive-date=2011-10-03 |access-date=2012-04-22 |website=Loghatnaameh.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko da yake ƙarin bayani ''-vā'' na iya nuna asalin Farisa, &lt;ref name=&quot;Batmanglij, Najmieh 2007, page 1562&quot;&gt;Batmanglij, Najmieh, ''A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking'', I.B.Tauris, 2007, {{ISBN|1-84511-437-X}}, 9781845114374; page 156.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Marks, Gil, ''Encyclopedia of Jewish Food'', John Wiley and Sons, 2010, {{ISBN|0-470-39130-8}}, {{ISBN|978-0-470-39130-3}}; page 38.&lt;/ref&gt; ɓangaren ''baqla-'' ba ya bayyana a matsayin [[Farisawa|Farisa]] kuma ragowar da ba a san asalinsu ba.  Masanin harshe Tuncer Gülensoy ya bayyana cewa asalin baklava {{Lang|tr|bakl-ı}} ne. (cikakken abinci) a cikin proto-Turkish da kari {{Lang|tr|-la-ğı}} an ƙara. Kalmar tana canzawa kamar {{Lang|tr|bakılağı}} &gt; {{Lang|tr|bakılavı}} &gt; {{Lang|tr|baklava}} .  Sunan Larabci {{Lang|ar|بقلاوة}} ''{{Lang|ar-Latn|baqlāwa}}'' ya samo asali ne daga harshen Turkanci. &lt;ref name=&quot;Lambraki, p. 248-249&quot;&gt;Akın and Lambraki, ''Turkish and Greek Cuisine / {{Lang|tr|Türk ve Yunan Mutfağı}}'' p. 248-249, {{ISBN|975-458-484-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Plates_of_baklava,_NINO_F_Scholten_Porte_Entree_201-250_29.tiff|thumb|Shagon Baklava, tsakanin 19 Afrilu 1921 da 6 Disamba 1923, daga Frank Scholten 's ''La Porte d'entrée Jaffa'']]
An yi jayayya kan asalin ''Baklava'' .  &lt;ref name=&quot;Perry1994&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Richard}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Sfn|Faas|2005}} Abubuwan da aka gabatar sun haɗa da kayan zaki na Girka-Roman da na Byzantine masu layi &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Salaman|1986}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Vryonis|1971}}.&lt;/ref&gt; kamar ''kek ɗin placenta'' (girke-girke na Farisa da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi), {{Sfn|Faas|2005}} ''lauzinaj'' na Larabci na zamanin da, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Darra Goldstein}}&lt;/ref&gt; da al'adar Turkci ta Tsakiyar Asiya ta burodi mai layi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Perry1994&quot; /&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Isin2023Smithsonian&quot; /&gt; Daga cikin waɗannan, bayanin da aka fi haɓaka ya danganta baklava da al'adun burodi masu layi na Turkiyya, waɗanda daga baya aka tsara su a duniyar Ottoman kuma aka haɗa su da amfani da syrup mai zaki. &lt;ref name=&quot;Perry1994&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Isin2023NatGeo&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Isin2023Smithsonian&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;AkkayaKoc2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Akkaya |first=Ayşenur |last2=Koç |first2=Banu |year=2017 |title=Past, present and tomorrow of baklava |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511_Past_Present_and_Tomorrow_of_Baklava |journal=International Rural Tourism and Development Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=47–50 |access-date=21 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar masanin tarihin abinci Gil Marks, baklava ya samo asali ne daga Farisa ko [[Turkiyya]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;marks&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Gil Marks}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai kuma da'awar cewa Assuriyawa sun yi baklava, wanda a cewarsa, sun shirya baklava a ƙarni na 8 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Akkaya |first=Ayşenur |last2=Koc |first2=Banu |year=2017 |title=Past, present and tomorrow of baklava |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511 |url-status=live |journal=International Rural Tourism and Development Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=47–50 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430004620/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511_Past_Present_and_Tomorrow_of_Baklava |archive-date=2022-04-30 |access-date=2021-05-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai kuma wasu kamanceceniya tsakanin baklava da kuma {{Lang|grc-Latn|gastris}} zaki na Girka na zamanin da . ( {{Lang|grc|γάστρις}} ),  {{Lang|grc-Latn|kopte sesamis}} ( {{Lang|grc|κοπτὴ σησαμίς}} ), da kuma {{Lang|grc-Latn|kopton}} ( {{Lang|grc|κοπτόν}} ) an same shi a cikin littafin XIV na {{Lang|el-Latn|[[Deipnosophistae]]}}   Duk da haka, girke-girken da ke akwai don cike goro da zuma, tare da saman da ƙasan zuma da niƙa [[Riɗi|sesame]] mai kama da {{Lang|it|[[sesame candy|pasteli]]}} zamani. ko {{Lang|fa-Latn|[[halva]]}}, kuma babu kullu, tabbas ba kullu mai laushi ba. 

Wani girke-girke na irin kayan zaki shine {{Lang|tr|[[güllaç]]}}, wani kayan zaki da ake samu a cikin abincin Turkiyya kuma wasu suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin asalin baklava.  Ya ƙunshi yadudduka na kullu na filo waɗanda ake sakawa ɗaya bayan ɗaya a cikin [[Madara|madarar]] da aka ɗumama tare da [[sukari]] . Ana ba da shi da goro da rumman sabo kuma galibi ana ci a lokacin Ramadan . Takardar farko da aka sani game da {{Lang|tr|güllaç}} An tabbatar da shi a cikin ''Yinshan Zhengyao'', littafin abinci da lafiya wanda ke tattara abincin [[Masarautar Mongol|Daular Mongol]], wanda Hu Sihui, wani masanin abinci na kotun Mongol na daular Yuan ta China, ya rubuta a shekara ta 1330.  &lt;ref name=&quot;sticky&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Işın |first=Priscilla Mary |date=2023-09-16 |title=The Sticky History of Baklava |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/the-sticky-history-of-baklava-180982771/ |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duk da cewa ba a rubuta tarihin ''baklava'' sosai ba, an ƙirƙiri baklava a wani abu kusa da yanayinta na zamani a duniyar Ottoman kuma ya kasance yana da alaƙa da ɗakunan girki na fadar Topkapı da ke Constantinople ( [[Istanbul]] na zamani). &lt;ref name=&quot;Perry1994&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Richard}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPerry1994&quot;&gt;Perry, Charles (1994). &quot;The Taste for Layered Bread among the Nomadic Turks and the Central Asian Origins of Baklava&quot;. In Zubaida, Sami; Tapper, Richard (eds.). ''A Taste of Thyme: Culinary Cultures of the Middle East''. London: I.B. Tauris. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1860646034|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1860646034&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; {{Sfn|Faas|2005}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ayşenur Akkaya |last2=Banu Koc |year=2017 |title=Past, Present and Tomorrow of Baklava |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511 |url-status=live |journal=IRTAD Journal |issue=August |pages=47–50 |issn=2602-4462 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430004620/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324107511_Past_Present_and_Tomorrow_of_Baklava |archive-date=30 April 2022 |access-date=20 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Sarkin Musulmi ya gabatar da tiren baklava ga Janissaries a lokacin Ramadan a cikin wani jerin gwano na bikin da ake kira {{Lang|ota-Latn|Baklava Alayı}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;marks&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Gil Marks}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMarks2010&quot;&gt;[[Gil Marks|Marks, Gil]] (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&amp;pg=PA151 ''Encyclopedia of Jewish Food'']. [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]]. p.&amp;nbsp;151. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0470391303|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0470391303&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wasti |first=Syed Tanvir |year=2005 |title=The Ottoman Ceremony of the Royal Purse |journal=[[Middle Eastern Studies]] |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=193–200 |doi=10.1080/00263200500035116 |s2cid=143202946}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ka'idar kek ɗin Placenta ===
Wata ka'ida da aka gabatar ta danganta baklava da mahaifar Girka da Romawa da zuriyar Byzantine, kamar plakous ko koptoplakous . [1] [1] [1] [1] [2] [lower-alpha 1] A cikin wannan fassarar, ana ɗaukar waɗannan burodi masu laushi da zuma a matsayin magabatan baklava maimakon a matsayin kayan zaki a cikin yanayin zamani. [3] [1] [4] [5] Wasu marubuta sun ba da babban nauyi ga al'adar Turkkan Tsakiyar Asiya ta burodi da burodi masu layi, yayin da suke jaddada cewa baklava kamar yadda aka san shi yanzu ya samo asali a duniyar Ottoman. [6] [7] [8] [9]

Masanin tarihi Speros Vryonis ya bayyana ''koptoplakous'' a matsayin &quot;abin da Byzantine ta fi so&quot; kuma a matsayin abincin da &quot;daidai yake da baklava na Turkiyya&quot;, {{Sfn|Vryonis|1971}} haka Rena Salaman ma. {{Sfn|Salaman|1986}} Sunan ( Greek   ) ana amfani da shi a yau a tsibirin Lesbos don ganyen biredi masu sirara tare da goro da aka niƙa, aka gasa, aka kuma rufe shi da syrup. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Τριανταφύλλη |first=Κική |date=17 October 2015 |title=Πλατσέντα, από την Αγία Παρασκευή Λέσβου |url=http://www.bostanistas.gr/?i=bostanistas.el.article&amp;id=3528 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012043857/http://www.bostanistas.gr/?i=bostanistas.el.article&amp;id=3528 |archive-date=12 October 2016 |access-date=7 February 2020 |website=bostanistas.gr}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Manazarta ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book}}
* {{Cite book}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Christian |first=David |year=2001 |title=Review of Amitai-Preiss, 1999 |journal=[[Journal of World History]] |volume=12 |issue=2 |page=476 |doi=10.1353/jwh.2001.0055 |s2cid=161517912}}
*{{Cite book}}
* {{Cite book}}
* {{Cite book|title=Richard Tapper}}
*{{Cite book}}
* {{Cite book}}
*{{Cite book}}
*{{Cite book}} Quoted in Perry (1994).
* {{Cite journal |last=Wasti |first=Syed Tanvir |date=March 2005 |title=The Ottoman Ceremony of the Royal Purse |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=193–200 |doi=10.1080/00263200500035116 |s2cid=143202946}}
{{Refend}}</text>
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    <title>Baba ghanoush</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350136801|Baba ghanoush]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Baba ghanush''' / / ˌ bɑː bə ɡə ˈ n uː ʃ / BAH -bə gə- NOOSH ,

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Kalmar {{Transl|ar|bābā}} a [[Larabci]] kalma ce ta soyayya ga 'uba', yayin da {{Transl|ar|Ġannūj}} na iya zama suna na mutum.  Ana kuma fassara kalmar haɗin a matsayin 'uba na cin abinci ' ko 'mahaifi mai jin daɗi/mai jin daɗi/mai yin soyayya' ko 'baba mai ɓacin rai'.    Duk da haka, ba tabbas bane ko kalmar {{Transl|ar|bābā}} tana nufin ainihin mutumin da aka ci abincin ko kuma eggplant ( {{Transl|ar|bāḏinjān}} ko {{Transl|ar|bātinjān}} a Larabci). &lt;ref name=&quot;Marks&quot; /&gt;

Bugu na 4 na littafin Hans Wehr mai suna ''A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic'', wanda aka fitar a shekarar 1979, ya bayyana {{Transl|ar|bābā ghanūj}} da {{Transl|ar|abū ghanūj}} a matsayin &quot;abincin da aka dafa da eggplant, man sesame, da sauransu,&quot; yana danganta kalmar da Larabcin Siriya da Lebanon . 

== Nau'o'i ==
Abincin da aka yi da eggplant da aka niƙa ya zama ruwan dare a cikin abinci daga [[Abincin Yammacin Afirka|Yammacin Afirka]] zuwa Rasha . 

Sigar abincin Gabas ta Larabawa ta bambanta kaɗan da na Levant ta hanyar ƙara masa barkono da coriander da cumin ;  waɗannan nau'ikan za a iya ƙara musu ɗan yaji kaɗan sannan a ɗora musu yankakken faski ko ganyen coriander ( cilantro ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-01-07 |title=Baba Ganoush: Quintessentially Levantine |url=https://yourmiddleeast.com/2013/01/07/baba-ganoush-quintessentially-levantine/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729232912/https://yourmiddleeast.com/2013/01/07/baba-ganoush-quintessentially-levantine/ |archive-date=29 July 2019 |access-date=2019-07-29 |website=Your Middle East |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A [[Siriya]], ana haɗa abincin da cukuwar tumaki, wanda hakan ke sa ya zama mai kauri. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=October 2020 |title=Baba ganoush ou caviar d'aubergines |url=https://www.panierdesaison.com/2020/10/baba-ganoush-caviar-aubergines.html |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=Panier de Saison: recettes, accords mets-vins, jardinage et tourisme local |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Turkiyya, ana kiran abincin da {{Lang|tr|babaganuş}} ko {{Lang|tr|abugannuş}} Duk da cewa sinadaran sun bambanta daga yanki zuwa yanki, abubuwan da ake buƙata (eggplants, tahini, tafarnuwa, lemun tsami) gabaɗaya iri ɗaya ne. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Abincin ya zama wani ɓangare na abincin Isra'ila a lokacin 1949-1959 na matsin lamba a Isra'ila lokacin da aka karɓe shi daga abincin ƙasashen Larabawa maƙwabta. An yi amfani da shi azaman madadin nama kuma ya ci gaba da shahara bayan ƙarshen rikicin tattalin arziki. Ana amfani da shi azaman abun ciye-ciye ko don ba da hidima ga baƙi da ba a zata ba, daga ƙarshe ya zama &quot;alamar al'adu,&quot; a cewar marubucin abinci kuma masanin tarihi Gil Marks . 

== Abincin iri ɗaya ==
Wani abinci makamancin haka shine mutabbal ( Arabic:       ); wani lokacin ana kiran mutabbal da baba ghanouj.  Duk da haka, &quot;Mutabbal&quot; yana nufin abincin da aka yi da kayan lambu da aka gasa da tahini, &lt;ref name=&quot;ottolenghi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ottolenghi |first=Yotam |author-link=Yotam Ottolenghi |title=Mutabal {{!}} Ottolenghi Recipes |url=https://ottolenghi.co.uk/pages/recipes/baba-ganoush-burnt-aubergine-tahini |access-date=28 September 2025 |website=Ottolenghi |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  yayin da baba ghanouj ba lallai bane ya ƙunshi tahini ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;ottolenghi&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;muscat&quot; /&gt; Ana yin mutabbal na Levantine da kayan lambu da yawa banda aubergines.  A Falasdinu da Jordan, ''mutabbal'' na kabewa abinci ne da aka fi sani da shi na gargajiya.   

A [[Romainiya|Romania]], irin wannan tasa ana kiransa {{Lang|ro|salată de vinete}} ('salatin eggplant'). Kamar abincin Girka na Melitzanosalata, ba shi da tahini kuma an yi shi ne da yankakken eggplant gasashe, albasa da aka yanka sosai, man sunflower (ba man zaitun ba   domin zai sa abincin ya yi ɗaci), gishiri da kuma, idan ba haka ba, mayonnaise . 

A ƙasar Girka, ana kiran irin wannan abincin da Μελιτζανοσαλάτα ( melitzanosalata ; a zahiri ana fassara shi zuwa salatin eggplant). Duk da haka, abincin bai ƙunshi tahini ba, maimakon haka yana ɗauke da eggplant da kansa (saboda haka sunan), ɗan man zaitun da ruwan lemun tsami, da kayan ƙanshi kamar tafarnuwa da albasa, tare da kayan ƙanshi lokaci-lokaci kamar tafarnuwa da barkono. [1] [2] Abincin yana da matuƙar shahara a lokacin azumin Lenten na kwanaki 40 domin yana ba da madadin abincin da ba na dabba ba ga miya kamar tzatziki a lokacin azumi. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙasar Girka ƙasa ce mai addini ta Kiristocin Orthodox .

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Miya da ake tsome|Jerin abubuwan da za a yi amfani da su]]
* Salatin eggplant da abubuwan ciye-ciye, taƙaitaccen bayani game da irin waɗannan jita-jita da aka shirya a duk faɗin duniya
* Jerin Salatin Larabawa
* Jerin abincin eggplant
* Jerin abubuwan da suka faru
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Baba ghanush''' / / ˌ bɑː bə ɡə ˈ n uː ʃ / BAH -bə gə- NOOSH ,

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Kalmar {{Transl|ar|bābā}} a [[Larabci]] kalma ce ta soyayya ga 'uba', yayin da {{Transl|ar|Ġannūj}} na iya zama suna na mutum.  Ana kuma fassara kalmar haɗin a matsayin 'uba na cin abinci ' ko 'mahaifi mai jin daɗi/mai jin daɗi/mai yin soyayya' ko 'baba mai ɓacin rai'.    Duk da haka, ba tabbas bane ko kalmar {{Transl|ar|bābā}} tana nufin ainihin mutumin da aka ci abincin ko kuma eggplant ( {{Transl|ar|bāḏinjān}} ko {{Transl|ar|bātinjān}} a Larabci). &lt;ref name=&quot;Marks&quot; /&gt;

Bugu na 4 na littafin Hans Wehr mai suna ''A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic'', wanda aka fitar a shekarar 1979, ya bayyana {{Transl|ar|bābā ghanūj}} da {{Transl|ar|abū ghanūj}} a matsayin &quot;abincin da aka dafa da eggplant, man sesame, da sauransu,&quot; yana danganta kalmar da Larabcin Siriya da Lebanon . 

== Nau'o'i ==
Abincin da aka yi da eggplant da aka niƙa ya zama ruwan dare a cikin abinci daga [[Abincin Yammacin Afirka|Yammacin Afirka]] zuwa Rasha . 

Sigar abincin Gabas ta Larabawa ta bambanta kaɗan da na Levant ta hanyar ƙara masa barkono da coriander da cumin ;  waɗannan nau'ikan za a iya ƙara musu ɗan yaji kaɗan sannan a ɗora musu yankakken faski ko ganyen coriander ( cilantro ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-01-07 |title=Baba Ganoush: Quintessentially Levantine |url=https://yourmiddleeast.com/2013/01/07/baba-ganoush-quintessentially-levantine/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729232912/https://yourmiddleeast.com/2013/01/07/baba-ganoush-quintessentially-levantine/ |archive-date=29 July 2019 |access-date=2019-07-29 |website=Your Middle East |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A [[Siriya]], ana haɗa abincin da cukuwar tumaki, wanda hakan ke sa ya zama mai kauri. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=October 2020 |title=Baba ganoush ou caviar d'aubergines |url=https://www.panierdesaison.com/2020/10/baba-ganoush-caviar-aubergines.html |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=Panier de Saison: recettes, accords mets-vins, jardinage et tourisme local |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Turkiyya, ana kiran abincin da {{Lang|tr|babaganuş}} ko {{Lang|tr|abugannuş}} Duk da cewa sinadaran sun bambanta daga yanki zuwa yanki, abubuwan da ake buƙata (eggplants, tahini, tafarnuwa, lemun tsami) gabaɗaya iri ɗaya ne. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Abincin ya zama wani ɓangare na abincin Isra'ila a lokacin 1949-1959 na matsin lamba a Isra'ila lokacin da aka karɓe shi daga abincin ƙasashen Larabawa maƙwabta. An yi amfani da shi azaman madadin nama kuma ya ci gaba da shahara bayan ƙarshen rikicin tattalin arziki. Ana amfani da shi azaman abun ciye-ciye ko don ba da hidima ga baƙi da ba a zata ba, daga ƙarshe ya zama &quot;alamar al'adu,&quot; a cewar marubucin abinci kuma masanin tarihi Gil Marks . 

== Abincin iri ɗaya ==
Wani abinci makamancin haka shine mutabbal ( Arabic:       ); wani lokacin ana kiran mutabbal da baba ghanouj.  Duk da haka, &quot;Mutabbal&quot; yana nufin abincin da aka yi da kayan lambu da aka gasa da tahini, &lt;ref name=&quot;ottolenghi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ottolenghi |first=Yotam |author-link=Yotam Ottolenghi |title=Mutabal {{!}} Ottolenghi Recipes |url=https://ottolenghi.co.uk/pages/recipes/baba-ganoush-burnt-aubergine-tahini |access-date=28 September 2025 |website=Ottolenghi |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  yayin da baba ghanouj ba lallai bane ya ƙunshi tahini ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;ottolenghi&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;muscat&quot; /&gt; Ana yin mutabbal na Levantine da kayan lambu da yawa banda aubergines.  A Falasdinu da Jordan, ''mutabbal'' na kabewa abinci ne da aka fi sani da shi na gargajiya.   

A [[Romainiya|Romania]], irin wannan tasa ana kiransa {{Lang|ro|salată de vinete}} ('salatin eggplant'). Kamar abincin Girka na Melitzanosalata, ba shi da tahini kuma an yi shi ne da yankakken eggplant gasashe, albasa da aka yanka sosai, man sunflower (ba man zaitun ba   domin zai sa abincin ya yi ɗaci), gishiri da kuma, idan ba haka ba, mayonnaise . 

A ƙasar Girka, ana kiran irin wannan abincin da Μελιτζανοσαλάτα ( melitzanosalata ; a zahiri ana fassara shi zuwa salatin eggplant). Duk da haka, abincin bai ƙunshi tahini ba, maimakon haka yana ɗauke da eggplant da kansa (saboda haka sunan), ɗan man zaitun da ruwan lemun tsami, da kayan ƙanshi kamar tafarnuwa da albasa, tare da kayan ƙanshi lokaci-lokaci kamar tafarnuwa da barkono. [1] [2] Abincin yana da matuƙar shahara a lokacin azumin Lenten na kwanaki 40 domin yana ba da madadin abincin da ba na dabba ba ga miya kamar tzatziki a lokacin azumi. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙasar Girka ƙasa ce mai addini ta Kiristocin Orthodox .

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Miya da ake tsome|Jerin abubuwan da za a yi amfani da su]]
* Salatin eggplant da abubuwan ciye-ciye, taƙaitaccen bayani game da irin waɗannan jita-jita da aka shirya a duk faɗin duniya
* Jerin Salatin Larabawa
* Jerin abincin eggplant
* Jerin abubuwan da suka faru
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cuku na Areesh</title>
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        <id>39275</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1331241551|Areesh cheese]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3289" sha1="6d1ghrmz7mmu4po7coz5x6798r0bj5u" xml:space="preserve">Cheese '''Areesh''' ( Egyptian Arabic   ''{{Transl|ar|gebna arish}}'' ) wani nau'in madara ne na gargajiya [[Misra|na Masar]] wanda yayi kama da cukuwar gida, wanda aka siffanta shi da laushi, fari, da kuma ɗanɗano mai kauri. Ana yin sa ne da madarar shanu ko buffalo mai laushi kuma yana da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin abincin Masar. &lt;ref name=&quot;tasteatlas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Areesh |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/areesh |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=TasteAtlas}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Suna ==
Ana iya amfani da sunan ''Areesh'' a wasu lokutan a musanya shi da ''cukuwar gida'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;cnnar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 August 2024 |title=أبرزها إنقاص الوزن..6 أسباب ستدفعك لتناول جبن القريش |url=https://arabic.cnn.com/science-and-health/article/2024/08/29/cottage-cheese-benefits-health |access-date=12 May 2025 |website=CNN Arabic |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Ana fara samar da cukuwar areesh da madarar da ke kumfa don samar da laban rayeb, madarar da aka yi skimmed. [1] [2] Ana dumama wannan madarar da aka yi skimmed a hankali, wanda ke sa kitsen ya rabu da whey. Ana tattara kitsen kuma a tace shi, wanda ke haifar da samuwar cukuwar areesh. Wannan hanyar tana samar da cuku mai kama da cukuwar gida. [3] [4]

== Amfani ==
Cukuwar ta shahara a ƙasashen Larabawa da dama. &lt;ref name=&quot;tnn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghazal |first=Rym |title=9 favourite regional cheeses in the UAE |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/food/9-favourite-regional-cheeses-in-the-uae-1.139377 |access-date=12 May 2025 |website=The National |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cukuwar Areesh tana da amfani sosai a fannin girki. Ana iya cin ta sabo, sau da yawa ana ci da ɗan zuma ko kuma a haɗa da tumatir da aka yanka da ganyaye da kayan ƙanshi don ƙara ɗanɗanonta. Bugu da ƙari, cukuwar areesh tana aiki a matsayin tushen samar da ''mish'', wani cukuwar gargajiya da aka yi da fermented da ake ci a Masar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Cheese with All its Goodness |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/egyptian-cheese-with-all-its-goodness-nawaya/qQXhWyI4LtVBqQ?hl=en |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Google Arts &amp; Culture}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ultimate Egyptian Karish Cheese Dip (جبنة قريش بالطماطم) |url=https://cheznermine.com/2022/02/11/ultimate-egyptian-karish-cheese-dip-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kuma amfani da shi wajen shirya kayan zaki, kayan zaki, da kuma shanklish . &lt;ref name=&quot;tnn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghazal |first=Rym |title=9 favourite regional cheeses in the UAE |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/food/9-favourite-regional-cheeses-in-the-uae-1.139377 |access-date=12 May 2025 |website=The National |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFGhazal&quot;&gt;Ghazal, Rym. [https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/food/9-favourite-regional-cheeses-in-the-uae-1.139377 &quot;9 favourite regional cheeses in the UAE&quot;]. ''The National''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;12 May&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Mish
* Laban rayeb
* Cukuwar gida
* Abincin Masar
* Jerin cuku

== Manazarta ==</text>
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        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
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      <text bytes="3301" sha1="hcqbmolkjazkx74hm6qgr6l6j846mrr" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
Cheese '''Areesh''' ( Egyptian Arabic   ''{{Transl|ar|gebna arish}}'' ) wani nau'in madara ne na gargajiya [[Misra|na Masar]] wanda yayi kama da cukuwar gida, wanda aka siffanta shi da laushi, fari, da kuma ɗanɗano mai kauri. Ana yin sa ne da madarar shanu ko buffalo mai laushi kuma yana da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin abincin Masar. &lt;ref name=&quot;tasteatlas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Areesh |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/areesh |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=TasteAtlas}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Suna ==
Ana iya amfani da sunan ''Areesh'' a wasu lokutan a musanya shi da ''cukuwar gida'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;cnnar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 August 2024 |title=أبرزها إنقاص الوزن..6 أسباب ستدفعك لتناول جبن القريش |url=https://arabic.cnn.com/science-and-health/article/2024/08/29/cottage-cheese-benefits-health |access-date=12 May 2025 |website=CNN Arabic |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Ana fara samar da cukuwar areesh da madarar da ke kumfa don samar da laban rayeb, madarar da aka yi skimmed. [1] [2] Ana dumama wannan madarar da aka yi skimmed a hankali, wanda ke sa kitsen ya rabu da whey. Ana tattara kitsen kuma a tace shi, wanda ke haifar da samuwar cukuwar areesh. Wannan hanyar tana samar da cuku mai kama da cukuwar gida. [3] [4]

== Amfani ==
Cukuwar ta shahara a ƙasashen Larabawa da dama. &lt;ref name=&quot;tnn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghazal |first=Rym |title=9 favourite regional cheeses in the UAE |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/food/9-favourite-regional-cheeses-in-the-uae-1.139377 |access-date=12 May 2025 |website=The National |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cukuwar Areesh tana da amfani sosai a fannin girki. Ana iya cin ta sabo, sau da yawa ana ci da ɗan zuma ko kuma a haɗa da tumatir da aka yanka da ganyaye da kayan ƙanshi don ƙara ɗanɗanonta. Bugu da ƙari, cukuwar areesh tana aiki a matsayin tushen samar da ''mish'', wani cukuwar gargajiya da aka yi da fermented da ake ci a Masar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Cheese with All its Goodness |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/egyptian-cheese-with-all-its-goodness-nawaya/qQXhWyI4LtVBqQ?hl=en |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Google Arts &amp; Culture}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ultimate Egyptian Karish Cheese Dip (جبنة قريش بالطماطم) |url=https://cheznermine.com/2022/02/11/ultimate-egyptian-karish-cheese-dip-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kuma amfani da shi wajen shirya kayan zaki, kayan zaki, da kuma shanklish . &lt;ref name=&quot;tnn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghazal |first=Rym |title=9 favourite regional cheeses in the UAE |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/food/9-favourite-regional-cheeses-in-the-uae-1.139377 |access-date=12 May 2025 |website=The National |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFGhazal&quot;&gt;Ghazal, Rym. [https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/food/9-favourite-regional-cheeses-in-the-uae-1.139377 &quot;9 favourite regional cheeses in the UAE&quot;]. ''The National''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;12 May&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Mish
* Laban rayeb
* Cukuwar gida
* Abincin Masar
* Jerin cuku

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Abincin Masar na Dā</title>
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    <revision>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351396262|Ancient Egyptian cuisine]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="5079" sha1="og15mfm0zq9vgzmu9qvvcf97c2nb4us" xml:space="preserve">'''Abincin Masar na''' da ya kai tsawon shekaru sama da dubu uku, amma har yanzu yana riƙe da halaye da yawa iri ɗaya har zuwa zamanin Girka da Romawa . Abincin da talakawa da masu arziki [[Tsohuwar Masar|na Masarawa]] suka fi so shi ne burodi da giya, galibi tare da albasa kore, sauran kayan lambu, da kuma nama, naman farauta da kifi.

== Abinci ==
Ana iya samun hotunan liyafa a cikin zane-zane daga [[Tsohuwar Masarautar Masar|Tsohuwar Masarautar]] da [[Sabuwar Masarautar Masar|Sabuwar Masarautar]] . Yawanci suna farawa ne da rana. Maza da mata suna rabuwa sai dai idan sun yi aure. Kujeru sun bambanta dangane da matsayin zamantakewa, waɗanda suka fi matsayi suna zaune a kan kujeru, waɗanda suka fi ƙasa kaɗan suna zaune a kan kujeru, waɗanda kuma suka fi ƙanƙanta suna zaune a ƙasa ko kuma an yi su ne don lokacin liyafar. Kafin a ba da abincin, ana ba da kwanduna tare da kayan ƙanshi, kuma ana ƙona kitse mai ƙamshi na fure don yaɗa ƙamshi mai daɗi ko don korar kwari, ya danganta da nau'in. 

An raba furannin Lily da abin wuyan furanni kuma ƙwararrun masu rawa (musamman mata) sun nishadantar da su, tare da mawaƙa suna buga garaya, latas, [[Ganga|ganguna]], tambourine, da clappers . Yawanci akwai barasa mai yawa da abinci mai yawa; akwai shanu gasassu, [[agwagwa]], geese, tattabaru, da kuma wani lokacin kifi. Abincin da ake ci a kai ya ƙunshi stew da ake yi da burodi mai yawa, kayan lambu sabo da 'ya'yan itace. Don alewa, ana yin kek da dabino da kuma zuma . Sau da yawa ana kiran allahiya Hathor a lokacin bukukuwa. 

Ana iya shirya abinci ta hanyar dafawa, yin burodi, tafasawa, gasawa, soyawa, ko gasawa . An ƙara kayan ƙanshi da ganye don dandano, kodayake na farko tsada ne daga ƙasashen waje don haka an iyakance shi ga teburin masu kuɗi. Abincin kamar nama galibi ana adana shi ta hanyar gishiri, kuma ana iya busar da dabino da zabibi don adanawa na dogon lokaci. Ana shirya burodi da giya na yau da kullun a wurare iri ɗaya, saboda ana amfani da yis ɗin da ake amfani da shi don yin burodi. Ana shirya su biyun ko dai a cikin gidajen burodi na musamman ko, sau da yawa, a gida, kuma duk wani ƙari da ya rage za a sayar. &lt;div&gt;Zuma ita ce babban abin zaki, amma tana da tsada sosai. Akwai zuma da aka tattara daga daji, da kuma zuma daga ƙudan zuma na gida da aka ajiye a cikin amya na tukwane. Madadin da ya fi araha shine dabino ko carob hieroglyph ( ''nedjem/bener'' ) wanda ke nuna carob pod, wanda ke da ma'anar farko ta &quot;mai daɗi; mai daɗi.&quot; Ana yin mai daga latas ko iri radish, safflower, ben, balanites da sesame . Ana amfani da kitsen dabbobi don girki kuma an sami kwalba da ake amfani da su don adana su a wurare da yawa.&lt;/div&gt;

== Burodi ==
[[Fayil:Ramses_III_bakery.svg|thumb|300x300px|Zane na gidan burodi na sarauta daga zane a cikin kabarin [[Ramesses III]] a [[Valley of the Kings|kwarin Sarakuna]] . Akwai nau'ikan burodi da yawa, gami da waɗanda aka yi su da siffa kamar dabbobi. Daular 20 .]]
[[Fayil:Modello_con_scena_di_panificazione_F263_S13271.tif|thumb|Hotunan bayi suna yin burodi, Lokacin Tsakiyar Farko (bayan 2090 BC), daga Gebelein - Museo Egizio, Turin.]]
An yi [[Burodi|burodin]] Masar ne kawai daga alkama mai kama da emmer, wanda ya fi wahalar juyawa zuwa gari fiye da sauran nau'ikan alkama. Ba a fitar da ƙaiƙayi ta hanyar [[sussuka]] ba, amma yana zuwa da ƙananan ƙwayaye waɗanda ake buƙatar a cire su ta hanyar jiƙa su da kuma niƙa su da ɗan [[Turmi|ƙaramin ƙarfe]] don guje wa niƙa hatsin da ke ciki. Sannan an busar da shi a rana, an yi sheƙa a kuma tace sannan a ƙarshe aka niƙa shi a kan wani sirdi mai kama da sirdi, wanda ke aiki ta hanyar motsa dutsen niƙa gaba da gaba, maimakon juyawa. 

Dabaru na yin burodi sun bambanta a tsawon lokaci. A Tsohuwar Daular, ana cika manyan ƙurar tukwane da kullu sannan a sanya su a cikin garwashin wuta don yin gasa. A lokacin Daular Tsakiya, ana amfani da dogayen mazurari a kan murhu mai murabba'i. A Sabuwar Daular, an yi amfani da sabon nau'in babban tanda mai buɗewa a saman, mai siffar silinda, wanda aka lulluɓe shi da tubalin laka mai kauri da turmi. 

Daga nan sai aka mari kullu a bango mai zafi na ciki sannan aka cire shi idan aka gama, kamar yadda ake amfani da tanda tanderu don yin burodi mai faɗi. Kaburbura daga Sabuwar Masarautar suna nuna hotunan burodi a siffofi da girma dabam-dabam. Burodi masu siffar mutane, kifi, dabbobi daban-daban da kuma fanka, duk suna da nau'in kullu daban-daban. Abubuwan dandano da ake amfani da su don burodi sun haɗa da tsaban coriander da dabino, amma ba a san ko talakawa sun taɓa amfani da wannan ba. [1]

Banda emmer, ana noman [[sha'ir]] don yin burodi kuma ana amfani da shi wajen yin giya, haka nan kuma ana amfani da tsaban lily da saiwoyi, da kuma [[Aya|goro]] . Tsatsar da aka samu daga duwatsun da ake amfani da su wajen niƙa fulawar da aka haɗa da burodi babban tushen lalacewar haƙori ne saboda lalacewar da yake yi a kan enamel. Ga waɗanda za su iya saya, akwai kuma burodi mai kyau da kek da aka gasa daga fulawar da ta yi kyau. 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <id>829014</id>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>39275</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351396262|Ancient Egyptian cuisine]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="5269" sha1="5t7hc5shr9ji3jo0rzlfn1wt8rusab7" xml:space="preserve">'''Abincin Masar na''' da ya kai tsawon shekaru sama da dubu uku, amma har yanzu yana riƙe da halaye da yawa iri ɗaya har zuwa zamanin Girka da Romawa . Abincin da talakawa da masu arziki [[Tsohuwar Masar|na Masarawa]] suka fi so shi ne burodi da giya, galibi tare da albasa kore, sauran kayan lambu, da kuma nama, naman farauta da kifi.&lt;ref&gt;Homan, Michael (2004). &quot;Beer and Its Drinkers: An Ancient near Eastern Love Story&quot;. Near Eastern Archaeology. 67 (2): 84–95. doi:10.2307/4132364. JSTOR 4132364. S2CID 162357890.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abinci ==
Ana iya samun hotunan liyafa a cikin zane-zane daga [[Tsohuwar Masarautar Masar|Tsohuwar Masarautar]] da [[Sabuwar Masarautar Masar|Sabuwar Masarautar]] . Yawanci suna farawa ne da rana. Maza da mata suna rabuwa sai dai idan sun yi aure. Kujeru sun bambanta dangane da matsayin zamantakewa, waɗanda suka fi matsayi suna zaune a kan kujeru, waɗanda suka fi ƙasa kaɗan suna zaune a kan kujeru, waɗanda kuma suka fi ƙanƙanta suna zaune a ƙasa ko kuma an yi su ne don lokacin liyafar. Kafin a ba da abincin, ana ba da kwanduna tare da kayan ƙanshi, kuma ana ƙona kitse mai ƙamshi na fure don yaɗa ƙamshi mai daɗi ko don korar kwari, ya danganta da nau'in. 

An raba furannin Lily da abin wuyan furanni kuma ƙwararrun masu rawa (musamman mata) sun nishadantar da su, tare da mawaƙa suna buga garaya, latas, [[Ganga|ganguna]], tambourine, da clappers . Yawanci akwai barasa mai yawa da abinci mai yawa; akwai shanu gasassu, [[agwagwa]], geese, tattabaru, da kuma wani lokacin kifi. Abincin da ake ci a kai ya ƙunshi stew da ake yi da burodi mai yawa, kayan lambu sabo da 'ya'yan itace. Don alewa, ana yin kek da dabino da kuma zuma . Sau da yawa ana kiran allahiya Hathor a lokacin bukukuwa. 

Ana iya shirya abinci ta hanyar dafawa, yin burodi, tafasawa, gasawa, soyawa, ko gasawa . An ƙara kayan ƙanshi da ganye don dandano, kodayake na farko tsada ne daga ƙasashen waje don haka an iyakance shi ga teburin masu kuɗi. Abincin kamar nama galibi ana adana shi ta hanyar gishiri, kuma ana iya busar da dabino da zabibi don adanawa na dogon lokaci. Ana shirya burodi da giya na yau da kullun a wurare iri ɗaya, saboda ana amfani da yis ɗin da ake amfani da shi don yin burodi. Ana shirya su biyun ko dai a cikin gidajen burodi na musamman ko, sau da yawa, a gida, kuma duk wani ƙari da ya rage za a sayar. &lt;div&gt;Zuma ita ce babban abin zaki, amma tana da tsada sosai. Akwai zuma da aka tattara daga daji, da kuma zuma daga ƙudan zuma na gida da aka ajiye a cikin amya na tukwane. Madadin da ya fi araha shine dabino ko carob hieroglyph ( ''nedjem/bener'' ) wanda ke nuna carob pod, wanda ke da ma'anar farko ta &quot;mai daɗi; mai daɗi.&quot; Ana yin mai daga latas ko iri radish, safflower, ben, balanites da sesame . Ana amfani da kitsen dabbobi don girki kuma an sami kwalba da ake amfani da su don adana su a wurare da yawa.&lt;/div&gt;

== Burodi ==
[[Fayil:Ramses_III_bakery.svg|thumb|300x300px|Zane na gidan burodi na sarauta daga zane a cikin kabarin [[Ramesses III]] a [[Valley of the Kings|kwarin Sarakuna]] . Akwai nau'ikan burodi da yawa, gami da waɗanda aka yi su da siffa kamar dabbobi. Daular 20 .]]
[[Fayil:Modello_con_scena_di_panificazione_F263_S13271.tif|thumb|Hotunan bayi suna yin burodi, Lokacin Tsakiyar Farko (bayan 2090 BC), daga Gebelein - Museo Egizio, Turin.]]
An yi [[Burodi|burodin]] Masar ne kawai daga alkama mai kama da emmer, wanda ya fi wahalar juyawa zuwa gari fiye da sauran nau'ikan alkama. Ba a fitar da ƙaiƙayi ta hanyar [[sussuka]] ba, amma yana zuwa da ƙananan ƙwayaye waɗanda ake buƙatar a cire su ta hanyar jiƙa su da kuma niƙa su da ɗan [[Turmi|ƙaramin ƙarfe]] don guje wa niƙa hatsin da ke ciki. Sannan an busar da shi a rana, an yi sheƙa a kuma tace sannan a ƙarshe aka niƙa shi a kan wani sirdi mai kama da sirdi, wanda ke aiki ta hanyar motsa dutsen niƙa gaba da gaba, maimakon juyawa. 

Dabaru na yin burodi sun bambanta a tsawon lokaci. A Tsohuwar Daular, ana cika manyan ƙurar tukwane da kullu sannan a sanya su a cikin garwashin wuta don yin gasa. A lokacin Daular Tsakiya, ana amfani da dogayen mazurari a kan murhu mai murabba'i. A Sabuwar Daular, an yi amfani da sabon nau'in babban tanda mai buɗewa a saman, mai siffar silinda, wanda aka lulluɓe shi da tubalin laka mai kauri da turmi. 

Daga nan sai aka mari kullu a bango mai zafi na ciki sannan aka cire shi idan aka gama, kamar yadda ake amfani da tanda tanderu don yin burodi mai faɗi. Kaburbura daga Sabuwar Masarautar suna nuna hotunan burodi a siffofi da girma dabam-dabam. Burodi masu siffar mutane, kifi, dabbobi daban-daban da kuma fanka, duk suna da nau'in kullu daban-daban. Abubuwan dandano da ake amfani da su don burodi sun haɗa da tsaban coriander da dabino, amma ba a san ko talakawa sun taɓa amfani da wannan ba. [1]

Banda emmer, ana noman [[sha'ir]] don yin burodi kuma ana amfani da shi wajen yin giya, haka nan kuma ana amfani da tsaban lily da saiwoyi, da kuma [[Aya|goro]] . Tsatsar da aka samu daga duwatsun da ake amfani da su wajen niƙa fulawar da aka haɗa da burodi babban tushen lalacewar haƙori ne saboda lalacewar da yake yi a kan enamel. Ga waɗanda za su iya saya, akwai kuma burodi mai kyau da kek da aka gasa daga fulawar da ta yi kyau. 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Abincin Masar na''' da ya kai tsawon shekaru sama da dubu uku, amma har yanzu yana riƙe da halaye da yawa iri ɗaya har zuwa zamanin Girka da Romawa . Abincin da talakawa da masu arziki [[Tsohuwar Masar|na Masarawa]] suka fi so shi ne burodi da giya, galibi tare da albasa kore, sauran kayan lambu, da kuma nama, naman farauta da kifi.&lt;ref&gt;Homan, Michael (2004). &quot;Beer and Its Drinkers: An Ancient near Eastern Love Story&quot;. Near Eastern Archaeology. 67 (2): 84–95. doi:10.2307/4132364. JSTOR 4132364. S2CID 162357890.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abinci ==
Ana iya samun hotunan liyafa a cikin zane-zane daga [[Tsohuwar Masarautar Masar|Tsohuwar Masarautar]] da [[Sabuwar Masarautar Masar|Sabuwar Masarautar]] . Yawanci suna farawa ne da rana. Maza da mata suna rabuwa sai dai idan sun yi aure. Kujeru sun bambanta dangane da matsayin zamantakewa, waɗanda suka fi matsayi suna zaune a kan kujeru, waɗanda suka fi ƙasa kaɗan suna zaune a kan kujeru, waɗanda kuma suka fi ƙanƙanta suna zaune a ƙasa ko kuma an yi su ne don lokacin liyafar. Kafin a ba da abincin, ana ba da kwanduna tare da kayan ƙanshi, kuma ana ƙona kitse mai ƙamshi na fure don yaɗa ƙamshi mai daɗi ko don korar kwari, ya danganta da nau'in. 

An raba furannin Lily da abin wuyan furanni kuma ƙwararrun masu rawa (musamman mata) sun nishadantar da su, tare da mawaƙa suna buga garaya, latas, [[Ganga|ganguna]], tambourine, da clappers . Yawanci akwai barasa mai yawa da abinci mai yawa; akwai shanu gasassu, [[agwagwa]], geese, tattabaru, da kuma wani lokacin kifi. Abincin da ake ci a kai ya ƙunshi stew da ake yi da burodi mai yawa, kayan lambu sabo da 'ya'yan itace. Don alewa, ana yin kek da dabino da kuma zuma . Sau da yawa ana kiran allahiya Hathor a lokacin bukukuwa. 

Ana iya shirya abinci ta hanyar dafawa, yin burodi, tafasawa, gasawa, soyawa, ko gasawa . An ƙara kayan ƙanshi da ganye don dandano, kodayake na farko tsada ne daga ƙasashen waje don haka an iyakance shi ga teburin masu kuɗi. Abincin kamar nama galibi ana adana shi ta hanyar gishiri, kuma ana iya busar da dabino da zabibi don adanawa na dogon lokaci. Ana shirya burodi da giya na yau da kullun a wurare iri ɗaya, saboda ana amfani da yis ɗin da ake amfani da shi don yin burodi. Ana shirya su biyun ko dai a cikin gidajen burodi na musamman ko, sau da yawa, a gida, kuma duk wani ƙari da ya rage za a sayar. &lt;div&gt;Zuma ita ce babban abin zaki, amma tana da tsada sosai. Akwai zuma da aka tattara daga daji, da kuma zuma daga ƙudan zuma na gida da aka ajiye a cikin amya na tukwane. Madadin da ya fi araha shine dabino ko carob hieroglyph ( ''nedjem/bener'' ) wanda ke nuna carob pod, wanda ke da ma'anar farko ta &quot;mai daɗi; mai daɗi.&quot; Ana yin mai daga latas ko iri radish, safflower, ben, balanites da sesame . Ana amfani da kitsen dabbobi don girki kuma an sami kwalba da ake amfani da su don adana su a wurare da yawa.&lt;/div&gt;

== Burodi ==
[[Fayil:Ramses_III_bakery.svg|thumb|300x300px|Zane na gidan burodi na sarauta daga zane a cikin kabarin [[Ramesses III]] a [[Valley of the Kings|kwarin Sarakuna]] . Akwai nau'ikan burodi da yawa, gami da waɗanda aka yi su da siffa kamar dabbobi. Daular 20 .]]
[[Fayil:Modello_con_scena_di_panificazione_F263_S13271.tif|thumb|Hotunan bayi suna yin burodi, Lokacin Tsakiyar Farko (bayan 2090 BC), daga Gebelein - Museo Egizio, Turin.]]
An yi [[Burodi|burodin]] Masar ne kawai daga alkama mai kama da emmer, wanda ya fi wahalar juyawa zuwa gari fiye da sauran nau'ikan alkama. Ba a fitar da ƙaiƙayi ta hanyar [[sussuka]] ba, amma yana zuwa da ƙananan ƙwayaye waɗanda ake buƙatar a cire su ta hanyar jiƙa su da kuma niƙa su da ɗan [[Turmi|ƙaramin ƙarfe]] don guje wa niƙa hatsin da ke ciki. Sannan an busar da shi a rana, an yi sheƙa a kuma tace sannan a ƙarshe aka niƙa shi a kan wani sirdi mai kama da sirdi, wanda ke aiki ta hanyar motsa dutsen niƙa gaba da gaba, maimakon juyawa. 

Dabaru na yin burodi sun bambanta a tsawon lokaci. A Tsohuwar Daular, ana cika manyan ƙurar tukwane da kullu sannan a sanya su a cikin garwashin wuta don yin gasa. A lokacin Daular Tsakiya, ana amfani da dogayen mazurari a kan murhu mai murabba'i. A Sabuwar Daular, an yi amfani da sabon nau'in babban tanda mai buɗewa a saman, mai siffar silinda, wanda aka lulluɓe shi da tubalin laka mai kauri da turmi. 

Daga nan sai aka mari kullu a bango mai zafi na ciki sannan aka cire shi idan aka gama, kamar yadda ake amfani da tanda tanderu don yin burodi mai faɗi. Kaburbura daga Sabuwar Masarautar suna nuna hotunan burodi a siffofi da girma dabam-dabam. Burodi masu siffar mutane, kifi, dabbobi daban-daban da kuma fanka, duk suna da nau'in kullu daban-daban. Abubuwan dandano da ake amfani da su don burodi sun haɗa da tsaban coriander da dabino, amma ba a san ko talakawa sun taɓa amfani da wannan ba. [1]

Banda emmer, ana noman [[sha'ir]] don yin burodi kuma ana amfani da shi wajen yin giya, haka nan kuma ana amfani da tsaban lily da saiwoyi, da kuma [[Aya|goro]] . Tsatsar da aka samu daga duwatsun da ake amfani da su wajen niƙa fulawar da aka haɗa da burodi babban tushen lalacewar haƙori ne saboda lalacewar da yake yi a kan enamel. Ga waɗanda za su iya saya, akwai kuma burodi mai kyau da kek da aka gasa daga fulawar da ta yi kyau. 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aish as-Saraya</title>
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    <revision>
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        <id>39275</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348139473|Aish as-Saraya]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3207" sha1="phyoncjxvvkayit8yel0tml9jnv0mau" xml:space="preserve">'''Aish as-Saraya''' ( Arabic      , a Masar an takaita shi &quot; {{Lang|ar|عيش}} &quot;&quot;Burodi&quot;) wani kayan zaki ne na Larabawa da ake ci akai-akai a Levant da [[Misra|Masar]],   wanda ya ƙunshi gurasar da aka jiƙa da syrup da aka ɗora da kirim mai laushi da pistachios, kuma ba ya ƙunshe da ƙwai ko [[man shanu]] .  Yana da shahara a ƙasashen Larabawa . 

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
 
Sunan ''Aish as-Saraya'' yana fassara zuwa &quot;gurasar gidajen sarauta,&quot; kalmar ''saraya'' asalin Turkiyya ce. 

A cikin Larabcin Masar, ''Aish'' ( Arabic  , IPA : {{IPA|ʕayš}} ) yana nufin burodi, wanda kuma shine kalmar [[Larabci]] ta rai. 

== Shiri da Sinadaran ==
[[Fayil:عيش_السرايا.jpg|thumb|Aish as-Saraya, an yi ta da burodin gasasshe da qishta, an ɗora ta da goro, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kuma qatir]]
Yawanci, ana yin Aish as-Saraya da wani yanki na burodi da aka yankakke wanda aka jika da syrup, sannan a yi amfani da wani Layer na kirim na biyu a saman Layer na burodi, yawanci qishta, wani nau'in kirim mai kumbura, sannan a ɗora abincin da 'ya'yan itatuwa da goro.  

Sau da yawa ana haɗa Qatir da burodi, kuma ana amfani da shi azaman ado.  &lt;ref name=&quot;hungryPaprikas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Al-Saigh |first=Amina |date=13 May 2020 |title=Aish El Saraya {{!}} Middle Eastern Bread Pudding |url=https://www.hungrypaprikas.com/aish-el-saraya/ |access-date=24 July 2025 |website=Hungry Paprikas}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Ana muhawara kan ainihin lokacin da kuma wurin da kayan zaki suka samo asali, &lt;ref name=&quot;egyptianstreets&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ezzat |first=Farida M. |date=5 May 2019 |title=19 Middle Eastern Desserts to Remember this Ramadan {{!}} Egyptian Streets |url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2019/05/05/19-middle-eastern-desserts-to-remember-this-ramadan/ |access-date=24 July 2025 |website=egyptianstreets.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; wasu kuma suna danganta shi da [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]],  ko ma tsohuwar [[Halifancin Fatimid|Khalifancin Fatimid]] . 

An ce an ba wa abincin suna ''Aish as-Saraya'', ma'ana &quot;gurasar fada&quot;, saboda ya samo asali ne daga gidajen sarauta da ke da yawa a yankin, inda ake samun sinadaran kamar qishta, goro, da burodi, waɗanda suka yi tsada ga talakawa. 

A cewar masanin tarihi Mary Isin [tr], saray etmeği (ma'ana &quot;burodi na fada&quot;) sanannen pudding ne a daular Ottoman a ƙarni na 19, an yi shi ne daga kaymak (wani nau'in kirim mai laushi ) da ɓawon burodin farin burodi mai kyau waɗanda aka gasa a ɗakin girkin Sultans, daga ƙarshe, an maye gurbin burodin da wani nau'in rusk da ake kira &quot;Damascus rusk &quot;. [1] Wani ƙamus na Larabci-Turanci na 1895 na marubuci Socrates Spiro ya bayyana aish as-saraya a matsayin &quot;irin kek ɗin Turkiyya da aka ci da kirim&quot;. [2]

== A cikin al'adun jama'a ==
Littafin mai suna &quot;Hatsarin Aish Al-Saraya da Mahalarta, Abubuwan Nishaɗi&quot; ( Arabic   وقائع مسلية ) na marubucin [[Sudan|ƙasar Sudan]] ''Hammour Ziada'' an fitar da shi cikin Larabci, sunansa yana nufin kayan zaki kai tsaye.  

Wani littafi na Larabci mai taken kayan zaki shi ne wanda marubucin [[Misra|Masar]] ''{{Interlanguage link|Saeed Hajjaj|ar|سعيد_حجاج}}'' ya rubuta., mai suna ''Aish as-Saraya..'' ''da sauran matani'' ( Arabic   ). 

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'''Aish as-Saraya''' ( Arabic      , a Masar an takaita shi &quot; {{Lang|ar|عيش}} &quot;&quot;Burodi&quot;) wani kayan zaki ne na Larabawa da ake ci akai-akai a Levant da [[Misra|Masar]],   wanda ya ƙunshi gurasar da aka jiƙa da syrup da aka ɗora da kirim mai laushi da pistachios, kuma ba ya ƙunshe da ƙwai ko [[man shanu]] .  Yana da shahara a ƙasashen Larabawa . 

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
 
Sunan ''Aish as-Saraya'' yana fassara zuwa &quot;gurasar gidajen sarauta,&quot; kalmar ''saraya'' asalin Turkiyya ce. 

A cikin Larabcin Masar, ''Aish'' ( Arabic  , IPA : {{IPA|ʕayš}} ) yana nufin burodi, wanda kuma shine kalmar [[Larabci]] ta rai. 

== Shiri da Sinadaran ==
[[Fayil:عيش_السرايا.jpg|thumb|Aish as-Saraya, an yi ta da burodin gasasshe da qishta, an ɗora ta da goro, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kuma qatir]]
Yawanci, ana yin Aish as-Saraya da wani yanki na burodi da aka yankakke wanda aka jika da syrup, sannan a yi amfani da wani Layer na kirim na biyu a saman Layer na burodi, yawanci qishta, wani nau'in kirim mai kumbura, sannan a ɗora abincin da 'ya'yan itatuwa da goro.  

Sau da yawa ana haɗa Qatir da burodi, kuma ana amfani da shi azaman ado.  &lt;ref name=&quot;hungryPaprikas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Al-Saigh |first=Amina |date=13 May 2020 |title=Aish El Saraya {{!}} Middle Eastern Bread Pudding |url=https://www.hungrypaprikas.com/aish-el-saraya/ |access-date=24 July 2025 |website=Hungry Paprikas}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Ana muhawara kan ainihin lokacin da kuma wurin da kayan zaki suka samo asali, &lt;ref name=&quot;egyptianstreets&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ezzat |first=Farida M. |date=5 May 2019 |title=19 Middle Eastern Desserts to Remember this Ramadan {{!}} Egyptian Streets |url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2019/05/05/19-middle-eastern-desserts-to-remember-this-ramadan/ |access-date=24 July 2025 |website=egyptianstreets.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; wasu kuma suna danganta shi da [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]],  ko ma tsohuwar [[Halifancin Fatimid|Khalifancin Fatimid]] . 

An ce an ba wa abincin suna ''Aish as-Saraya'', ma'ana &quot;gurasar fada&quot;, saboda ya samo asali ne daga gidajen sarauta da ke da yawa a yankin, inda ake samun sinadaran kamar qishta, goro, da burodi, waɗanda suka yi tsada ga talakawa. 

A cewar masanin tarihi Mary Isin [tr], saray etmeği (ma'ana &quot;burodi na fada&quot;) sanannen pudding ne a daular Ottoman a ƙarni na 19, an yi shi ne daga kaymak (wani nau'in kirim mai laushi ) da ɓawon burodin farin burodi mai kyau waɗanda aka gasa a ɗakin girkin Sultans, daga ƙarshe, an maye gurbin burodin da wani nau'in rusk da ake kira &quot;Damascus rusk &quot;. [1] Wani ƙamus na Larabci-Turanci na 1895 na marubuci Socrates Spiro ya bayyana aish as-saraya a matsayin &quot;irin kek ɗin Turkiyya da aka ci da kirim&quot;. [2]

== A cikin al'adun jama'a ==
Littafin mai suna &quot;Hatsarin Aish Al-Saraya da Mahalarta, Abubuwan Nishaɗi&quot; ( Arabic   وقائع مسلية ) na marubucin [[Sudan|ƙasar Sudan]] ''Hammour Ziada'' an fitar da shi cikin Larabci, sunansa yana nufin kayan zaki kai tsaye.  

Wani littafi na Larabci mai taken kayan zaki shi ne wanda marubucin [[Misra|Masar]] ''{{Interlanguage link|Saeed Hajjaj|ar|سعيد_حجاج}}'' ya rubuta., mai suna ''Aish as-Saraya..'' ''da sauran matani'' ( Arabic   ). 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Abokir almonds</title>
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      <id>829018</id>
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        <id>39275</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348133129|Aboukir almonds]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="665" sha1="g2r2kmd7f06h05frkx8j5rqlkz2uwpy" xml:space="preserve">'''Almond Aboukir''' iri-iri ne na alewa ko zaki da aka yi da marzipan mai cike da almond da sukari. [1] Ana samar da waɗannan almond a yankin Aboukir a Masar. Ana yin zaki da almond gaba ɗaya waɗanda aka yi musu blended, sannan a gasa su a ajiye a gefe. Sannan a yi ƙarin almonds a yi musu manna da launin kore ko ruwan hoda. Ana matse shi a cikin ball ko oval. Yana da ɗanɗanon kirsch kuma an yi shi da siffar almond kore sannan a cika shi da almond gasasshe mai blended. Sannan ana tsoma samfurin a cikin ruwan sukari mai zafi a sanya shi a kan takardar takarda don ya bushe. [2]

== Duba kuma ==

* Almond na Jordan
* Jerin abincin almond

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829019</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-03T08:37:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348133129|Aboukir almonds]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829019</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="892" sha1="n3upedxtj8d6a805xsi8za4rnz75apj" xml:space="preserve">'''Almond Aboukir''' iri-iri ne na alewa ko zaki da aka yi da marzipan mai cike da almond da sukari. [1] Ana samar da waɗannan almond a yankin Aboukir a Masar. Ana yin zaki da almond gaba ɗaya waɗanda aka yi musu blended, sannan a gasa su a ajiye a gefe. Sannan a yi ƙarin almonds a yi musu manna da launin kore ko ruwan hoda. Ana matse shi a cikin ball ko oval. Yana da ɗanɗanon kirsch kuma an yi shi da siffar almond kore sannan a cika shi da almond gasasshe mai blended. Sannan ana tsoma samfurin a cikin ruwan sukari mai zafi a sanya shi a kan takardar takarda don ya bushe. [2]&lt;ref&gt;Glenn., Rinsky (2009). The pastry chef's companion : a comprehensive resource guide for the baking and pastry professional. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley &amp; Sons. p. 1. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9780470009550&lt;/nowiki&gt;. OCLC 173182689.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Almond na Jordan
* Jerin abincin almond

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'''Almond Aboukir''' iri-iri ne na alewa ko zaki da aka yi da marzipan mai cike da almond da sukari. [1] Ana samar da waɗannan almond a yankin Aboukir a Masar. Ana yin zaki da almond gaba ɗaya waɗanda aka yi musu blended, sannan a gasa su a ajiye a gefe. Sannan a yi ƙarin almonds a yi musu manna da launin kore ko ruwan hoda. Ana matse shi a cikin ball ko oval. Yana da ɗanɗanon kirsch kuma an yi shi da siffar almond kore sannan a cika shi da almond gasasshe mai blended. Sannan ana tsoma samfurin a cikin ruwan sukari mai zafi a sanya shi a kan takardar takarda don ya bushe. [2]&lt;ref&gt;Glenn., Rinsky (2009). The pastry chef's companion : a comprehensive resource guide for the baking and pastry professional. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley &amp; Sons. p. 1. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9780470009550&lt;/nowiki&gt;. OCLC 173182689.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Almond na Jordan
* Jerin abincin almond

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bamia</title>
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      <text bytes="3785" sha1="89wjh7tofsmc2xwu8gk6dfps6t4uk4v" xml:space="preserve">'''Bamia''', '''bame''', '''bamieh''', '''bamje''', '''bamiya''' ko '''bamya''' babban abinci ne na Gabas ta Tsakiya da [[Tsakiyar Asiya]], wanda aka yi da okra, rago, da tumatir a matsayin manyan sinadaran. Ana yin sa ne a ƙasashe da al'adu kamar haka: Afghani, Albanian, Armenian, Assuriya, Jordanian, Azerbaijan, Masar, Girka, Iran, Iraqi, Isra'ila, Kurdawa, Lebanon, Falasdinawa, Romania, Somaliya, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, da Turkiyya.    Ƙarin sinadaran da ake amfani da su na iya haɗawa da miyar tumatir ko manna tumatir, albasa, tafarnuwa, cilantro (coriander), molasses na rumman, man kayan lambu, [[cardamom]], gishiri da barkono. &lt;ref name=&quot;Webb Roten 2009&quot; /&gt;

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Kalmar &quot;bamia&quot; da kanta ( Arabic     ) kawai yana nufin &quot; [[Kuɓewa|okra]] &quot;, kuma a ma'anarsa kalmar Larabci ce. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bamya |url=http://nisanyansozluk.com/?k=bamya |access-date=2019-11-01 |website=Nişanyan Sözlük}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sunan tasa a cikin Arabic      &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-quot&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-text&quot;&gt;Okra da nama&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-quot&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;, ko Arabic      &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-quot&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-text&quot;&gt;Okra stew&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-quot&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt; ; in Persian      &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-quot&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-text&quot;&gt;Okra stew&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-quot&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt; ;  in Kurdish     ; a Greek   kuma a cikin Turkish   . 
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]
[[Category:Articles containing Persian-language text]]

== Tarihi ==
Okra shuka ce ta asali a Afirka. [1] [2] Magani a duniyar Musulunci ta zamanin da yana ɗaukar okra a matsayin shukar magani; kuma a cewar likita Ibn al-Baytar, okra tana da halaye &quot;mai sanyi&quot; da &quot;mai danshi&quot;, kuma ita ce &quot;mafi 'danshi' daga cikin dukkan kayan lambu&quot; (wanda ba a so). [1] Nassoshin farko na Farisa sun ambaci bamia (okra tare da rago) a matsayin girke-girke na Masar, [1] amma ba a san ainihin tarihin ba.

A cewar masanin tarihin abinci Gil Marks, babu wani ambaton okra da aka rubuta a rubuce kafin ƙarni na 12, inda aka fara ambaton okra a cikin girke-girken Masar.  An gabatar da Okra zuwa Spain a tsakiyar zamanai ta hanyar [[Moors]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;marks2010&quot; /&gt;

== Bambancin yanki ==

=== Bosnia da Herzegovina ===
Ana kuma dafa Bamia (wanda a asali ake kira 'bamija' ko 'bamja') a Bosnia da Herzegovina inda ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin abincin gargajiya. Ana yin sa a duk shekara, a gidaje, kuma ana sayar da shi a gidajen cin abinci na gargajiya. Ana dafa bamia na Bosnia a matsayin miyar naman shanu. Ana dafa shi na dogon lokaci har sai naman ya yi laushi gaba ɗaya.

=== Misira ===
A ƙasar Masar, ana amfani da sinew (jijiyoyin rago) na naman rago, waɗanda ke iya jure wa girki na dogon lokaci.  Ana amfani da Ta'aleya, [[Tafarnuwa miya|miyar tafarnuwa]] ta Masar, a matsayin sinadari don ƙara ɗanɗano ga bamia. {{Efn|&quot;...dressed with a fragrant taa'leya, an Egyptian mixture of spices fried with garlic.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;New Statesman&quot;/&gt;}} &lt;ref name=&quot;Smith 2013&quot; /&gt;

=== Levant ===
[[Fayil:بامية_مطبوخة.jpg|thumb|213x213px|Bamyeh na Falasɗinawa]]
''Bamyeh bil-zeyt'' ( Arabic   ) miyar okra ce da aka dafa a cikin tumatir da ake samu a cikin abincin Siriya, Lebanon, da Falasdinawa.    

=== Iran da Afghanistan ===
A Iran da Afghanistan, ana yin amfani da bāmieh a matsayin miya (miyar) tare da shinkafa.  Abincin da aka fi so a lardunan kudu ne.  Tsarin bamia na yankin Iran ya haɗa da amfani da turmeric, vinegar, dankali, da barkono ja. &lt;ref name=&quot;Alikhani&quot; /&gt; Akwai irin wannan girke-girke na Iran don miya okra tare da ƙara lentil rawaya ( Persian     ).

Ana samun ''kohresh bamieh'' da aka yi wahayi zuwa ga Iran a cikin abincin Larabawa na Gulf . 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Bamia''', '''bame''', '''bamieh''', '''bamje''', '''bamiya''' ko '''bamya''' babban abinci ne na Gabas ta Tsakiya da [[Tsakiyar Asiya]], wanda aka yi da okra, rago, da tumatir a matsayin manyan sinadaran. Ana yin sa ne a ƙasashe da al'adu kamar haka: Afghani, Albanian, Armenian, Assuriya, Jordanian, Azerbaijan, Masar, Girka, Iran, Iraqi, Isra'ila, Kurdawa, Lebanon, Falasdinawa, Romania, Somaliya, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, da Turkiyya.    Ƙarin sinadaran da ake amfani da su na iya haɗawa da miyar tumatir ko manna tumatir, albasa, tafarnuwa, cilantro (coriander), molasses na rumman, man kayan lambu, [[cardamom]], gishiri da barkono. &lt;ref name=&quot;Webb Roten 2009&quot; /&gt;

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Kalmar &quot;bamia&quot; da kanta ( Arabic     ) kawai yana nufin &quot; [[Kuɓewa|okra]] &quot;, kuma a ma'anarsa kalmar Larabci ce. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bamya |url=http://nisanyansozluk.com/?k=bamya |access-date=2019-11-01 |website=Nişanyan Sözlük}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sunan tasa a cikin Arabic      &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-quot&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-text&quot;&gt;Okra da nama&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-quot&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;, ko Arabic      &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-quot&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-text&quot;&gt;Okra stew&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-quot&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt; ; in Persian      &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-quot&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-text&quot;&gt;Okra stew&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;gloss-quot&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt; ;  in Kurdish     ; a Greek   kuma a cikin Turkish   . 
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]
[[Category:Articles containing Persian-language text]]

== Tarihi ==
Okra shuka ce ta asali a Afirka. [1] [2] Magani a duniyar Musulunci ta zamanin da yana ɗaukar okra a matsayin shukar magani; kuma a cewar likita Ibn al-Baytar, okra tana da halaye &quot;mai sanyi&quot; da &quot;mai danshi&quot;, kuma ita ce &quot;mafi 'danshi' daga cikin dukkan kayan lambu&quot; (wanda ba a so). [1] Nassoshin farko na Farisa sun ambaci bamia (okra tare da rago) a matsayin girke-girke na Masar, [1] amma ba a san ainihin tarihin ba.

A cewar masanin tarihin abinci Gil Marks, babu wani ambaton okra da aka rubuta a rubuce kafin ƙarni na 12, inda aka fara ambaton okra a cikin girke-girken Masar.  An gabatar da Okra zuwa Spain a tsakiyar zamanai ta hanyar [[Moors]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;marks2010&quot; /&gt;

== Bambancin yanki ==

=== Bosnia da Herzegovina ===
Ana kuma dafa Bamia (wanda a asali ake kira 'bamija' ko 'bamja') a Bosnia da Herzegovina inda ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin abincin gargajiya. Ana yin sa a duk shekara, a gidaje, kuma ana sayar da shi a gidajen cin abinci na gargajiya. Ana dafa bamia na Bosnia a matsayin miyar naman shanu. Ana dafa shi na dogon lokaci har sai naman ya yi laushi gaba ɗaya.

=== Misira ===
A ƙasar Masar, ana amfani da sinew (jijiyoyin rago) na naman rago, waɗanda ke iya jure wa girki na dogon lokaci.  Ana amfani da Ta'aleya, [[Tafarnuwa miya|miyar tafarnuwa]] ta Masar, a matsayin sinadari don ƙara ɗanɗano ga bamia. {{Efn|&quot;...dressed with a fragrant taa'leya, an Egyptian mixture of spices fried with garlic.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;New Statesman&quot;/&gt;}} &lt;ref name=&quot;Smith 2013&quot; /&gt;

=== Levant ===
[[Fayil:بامية_مطبوخة.jpg|thumb|213x213px|Bamyeh na Falasɗinawa]]
''Bamyeh bil-zeyt'' ( Arabic   ) miyar okra ce da aka dafa a cikin tumatir da ake samu a cikin abincin Siriya, Lebanon, da Falasdinawa.    

=== Iran da Afghanistan ===
A Iran da Afghanistan, ana yin amfani da bāmieh a matsayin miya (miyar) tare da shinkafa.  Abincin da aka fi so a lardunan kudu ne.  Tsarin bamia na yankin Iran ya haɗa da amfani da turmeric, vinegar, dankali, da barkono ja. &lt;ref name=&quot;Alikhani&quot; /&gt; Akwai irin wannan girke-girke na Iran don miya okra tare da ƙara lentil rawaya ( Persian     ).

Ana samun ''kohresh bamieh'' da aka yi wahayi zuwa ga Iran a cikin abincin Larabawa na Gulf . 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Balila (abincin)</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337502396|Balila (dish)]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="335" sha1="o6zz6bti6brlwaukfm9td1dswtj251h" xml:space="preserve">'''Balila''' abinci ne na Levantine wanda ya ƙunshi wake da aka dafa tare da ruwan lemun tsami, tafarnuwa, da kayan ƙanshi iri-iri. [1] [2] Ana yin hidima da shi azaman abincin mezze mai zafi. [1] Ana kuma amfani da sunan don wani abincin Masar daban da aka yi da 'ya'yan itacen alkama, madara, goro, da zabibi . [3]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <id>829024</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337502396|Balila (dish)]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="476" sha1="72vvqixiks2u3bwvqx4c4t1d0wwb8wo" xml:space="preserve">'''Balila''' abinci ne na Levantine wanda ya ƙunshi wake da aka dafa tare da ruwan lemun tsami, tafarnuwa, da kayan ƙanshi iri-iri. [1] [2] Ana yin hidima da shi azaman abincin mezze mai zafi. [1] Ana kuma amfani da sunan don wani abincin Masar daban da aka yi da 'ya'yan itacen alkama, madara, goro, da zabibi . [3]&lt;ref&gt;Azoury, Reem; Benwick, Bonnie (10 January 2007). &quot;Chunky Balila With Citrus Explosion&quot;. Washington Post. Retrieved 1 October 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Balila''' abinci ne na Levantine wanda ya ƙunshi wake da aka dafa tare da ruwan lemun tsami, tafarnuwa, da kayan ƙanshi iri-iri. [1] [2] Ana yin hidima da shi azaman abincin mezze mai zafi. [1] Ana kuma amfani da sunan don wani abincin Masar daban da aka yi da 'ya'yan itacen alkama, madara, goro, da zabibi . [3]&lt;ref&gt;Azoury, Reem; Benwick, Bonnie (10 January 2007). &quot;Chunky Balila With Citrus Explosion&quot;. Washington Post. Retrieved 1 October 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Basbousa</title>
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'''Basbousa''' ( Arabic     ) wani kayan zaki ne na Larabawa [[Semolina|da]] aka jika da ruwan sirop   &lt;ref name=&quot;Mohammed2018BasbousaArabian&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mohammed |first=A. T. |last2=Ahmed |first2=E. F. |last3=Abd El-Moneim |first3=E. A. |year=2018 |title=Utilization of broken rice, corn and sweet lupin flour for production of gluten-free basbousa |url=https://www.curresweb.com/csi/csi/2018/578-589.pdf |journal=Current Science International |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=576–589 |access-date=2026-01-11 |quote=Basbousa or semolina cake is a traditional Arabian dessert, very popular in certain countries.}}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda aka shahara a ko'ina cikin kasashen Larabawa, [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] da [[Arewacin Afirka]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sudan's Sweet Guilty Pleasure: Basbousa |url=https://theafrikanstore.com/blogs/recipes/sudans-sweet-guilty-pleasure-basbousa?srsltid=AfmBOoqIj9JscuH1gf7l3iuZahuuw2Yrnb8ZUsqkRhhi8x6QFuzAzRm_ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=The Ethnic Store Ltd |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana gasa batter ɗin semolina a cikin kasko, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Arabic Dessert |url=http://www.nestle-family.com/recipes/english/by-course-or-type-desserts-arabic-desserts_Basbousa_9214.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208224131/http://www.nestle-family.com/recipes/english/by-course-or-type-desserts-arabic-desserts_Basbousa_9214.aspx |archive-date=2015-02-08 |access-date=2015-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; sannan a saka masa sukari a ciki sannan a yanka shi zuwa siffofi ko murabba'ai na lu'u-lu'u (lozenge).

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:IDF_patrolling_the_city_of_Nablus_(FL63303278).jpg|left|thumb|Mai sayar da Basbousa a Nablus, 1983.]]
Littafin Oxford Companion to Food (bugu na 3) ya nuna cewa basbousa wataƙila ya samo asali ne daga wani abinci mai suna ma'mounia, wanda aka ƙirƙira a kusa da ƙarni na 9 na zamanin Abbasid . [1] An yi Ma'mounia ta hanyar dafa shinkafa a cikin mai da syrup. Daga baya an daidaita wannan girke-girke don amfani da semolina, tare da dafa batter ɗin da farko sannan a jiƙa shi da syrup. [2] A cewar masanin tarihin abinci Gil Marks, yana yiwuwa kek ɗin syrup ɗin semolina ya samo asali ne daga zaki na semolina da aka gasa kamar suji halva, kamar yadda kayan burodi da puddings a Gabas ta Tsakiya galibi suna amfani da semolina. [3]

A girke-girke na revani ( Ottoman Turkish   ) ana iya samunsa a cikin littafin girkin Ottoman na Turkiyya na 1844 Melceü't-Tabbâhîn, yana buƙatar gasa cakuda semolina, man shanu, sukari, da ƙwai a cikin tanda sannan a jiƙa shi a cikin syrup na sukari a yanka shi a cikin &quot;siffofi na baklava.&quot;   

Wani ƙamus na Turkanci zuwa Turanci na Ottoman na 1890 wanda masanin ƙamus na Burtaniya James Redhouse ya fassara shi a matsayin ''rewani'' ( Ottoman Turkish   ) a matsayin &quot;Wani nau'in kek mai soso&quot;, ya kuma bayyana ''rewaniji'' a matsayin mai sayar da kek ɗin. 

== Sunaye ==
[[Fayil:Basbousa2.JPG|thumb|228x228px|Basbousa a [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], Balkans, [[Arewacin Afirka]], [[Gabashin Afirka]] da aka ɗora masa almond]]
Ana samunsa a cikin abincin [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], Balkans da [[Arewacin Afirka]] a ƙarƙashin sunaye daban-daban. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abitbol |first=Vera |date=2019-09-25 |title=Syria: Basbousa |url=https://www.196flavors.com/syria-basbousa/ |access-date=2020-10-04 |website=196 flavors |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Albanian: revani, Albanian definite form: revanija
* Arabic: بسبوسة {{Transl|ar|basbūsah}}, {{Lang|ar|هريسة}} {{Transl|ar|harīsa}}, {{Lang|ar|نمورة}} {{Transl|ar|nammoura}}
* Armenian: Շամալի, romanized: shamali
* Bulgarian: реване, romanized: revane
* Cypriot [[Harshe (yare)|Greek]]: {{Lang|el|σάμαλι}} shamali&lt;ref name=&quot;cyprusfoodmuseum&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalon prama or Shamali {{!}} Cyprus Food Museum |url=https://www.cyprusfoodmuseum.com/en/sylloges/paradosiakes-syntages/kalon-prama-or-shamali |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=Cyprus Food Museum |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Greek: ρεβανί, romanized: revaní
* Macedonian: раванија, romanized: ravanija
* Somali: basbuusa
* Turkish: revani

Basbousa shine sunan da aka fi sani da wannan kayan zaki a Gabas ta Tsakiya amma ana iya sanya masa suna daban dangane da yankin; galibi ana kiransa &quot;hareesa&quot; a cikin Levant.   Lura cewa &quot;harissa&quot; a Arewacin Afirka [[Harissa|miya ce mai yaji ja]] .  Kayan zaki ne mai shahara da ake bayarwa a gidajen burodi da yawa a Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma musamman sananne ne a lokacin Ramadan .
[[Fayil:Vegan_Basbousa_by_Uncle_Lou's_Kitchen.jpg|alt=vegan basbousa without eggs or milk uncle lous kitchen|thumb|Vegan basbousa (kwai da aka maye gurbinsu da miyar apple)]]
Ana kuma kiran Şambali da &quot;abincin [[Damascus]] &quot; ko &quot;zuma na Damascus&quot;.  ''Şam'' a cikin harshen Turkanci yana nufin &quot;Damascus&quot;. 

Wasu suna ganin Basbousa ya samo sunansa ne daga kalmar Larabci ta gargajiya wadda ke nufin &quot;sumba kawai&quot; ( {{Lang|ar|بس بوسة}} ).   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A ‘Kiss From the Past’: Semolina Cakes |url=https://asif.org/en/semolina-cakes/ |access-date=14 November 2025 |website=Asif Culinary Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An samo ''kalmar revani'' ta Turkiyya daga kalmar Farisa ta mai ko man shanu ( {{Lang|fa|روغن}} ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Türk Dil Kurumu {{!}} Sözlük |url=https://sozluk.gov.tr/?ara=revani |access-date=28 December 2025 |website=sozluk.gov.tr |language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;nisanyan:revani&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=revani |url=https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/kelime/revani |access-date=28 December 2025 |website=Nişanyan Sözlük |language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, wasu suna da'awar cewa ''revani'' ya samo asali ne daga &quot;Revan&quot;; sunan Turkiyya na [[Yerevan]], kuma an yi kayan zaki ne don tunawa da nasarar Ottoman a Yerevan ta Sultan Murad na IV . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Umphlet |first=Caroline |date=2022-06-22 |title=If You Haven't Tried this Egyptian Sweet, You're Missing Out - Basbousa Recipe |url=https://www.arabamerica.com/if-you-havent-tried-this-egyptian-sweet-youre-missing-out-basbousa-recipe/ |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=Arab America |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6121" sha1="d0h8gl9kuy7w9vk7amazlvv0dk8rmpq" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Basbousa''' ( Arabic     ) wani kayan zaki ne na Larabawa [[Semolina|da]] aka jika da ruwan sirop   &lt;ref name=&quot;Mohammed2018BasbousaArabian&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mohammed |first=A. T. |last2=Ahmed |first2=E. F. |last3=Abd El-Moneim |first3=E. A. |year=2018 |title=Utilization of broken rice, corn and sweet lupin flour for production of gluten-free basbousa |url=https://www.curresweb.com/csi/csi/2018/578-589.pdf |journal=Current Science International |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=576–589 |access-date=2026-01-11 |quote=Basbousa or semolina cake is a traditional Arabian dessert, very popular in certain countries.}}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda aka shahara a ko'ina cikin kasashen Larabawa, [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] da [[Arewacin Afirka]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sudan's Sweet Guilty Pleasure: Basbousa |url=https://theafrikanstore.com/blogs/recipes/sudans-sweet-guilty-pleasure-basbousa?srsltid=AfmBOoqIj9JscuH1gf7l3iuZahuuw2Yrnb8ZUsqkRhhi8x6QFuzAzRm_ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=The Ethnic Store Ltd |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana gasa batter ɗin semolina a cikin kasko, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Arabic Dessert |url=http://www.nestle-family.com/recipes/english/by-course-or-type-desserts-arabic-desserts_Basbousa_9214.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208224131/http://www.nestle-family.com/recipes/english/by-course-or-type-desserts-arabic-desserts_Basbousa_9214.aspx |archive-date=2015-02-08 |access-date=2015-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; sannan a saka masa sukari a ciki sannan a yanka shi zuwa siffofi ko murabba'ai na lu'u-lu'u (lozenge).

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:IDF_patrolling_the_city_of_Nablus_(FL63303278).jpg|left|thumb|Mai sayar da Basbousa a Nablus, 1983.]]
Littafin Oxford Companion to Food (bugu na 3) ya nuna cewa basbousa wataƙila ya samo asali ne daga wani abinci mai suna ma'mounia, wanda aka ƙirƙira a kusa da ƙarni na 9 na zamanin Abbasid . [1] An yi Ma'mounia ta hanyar dafa shinkafa a cikin mai da syrup. Daga baya an daidaita wannan girke-girke don amfani da semolina, tare da dafa batter ɗin da farko sannan a jiƙa shi da syrup. [2] A cewar masanin tarihin abinci Gil Marks, yana yiwuwa kek ɗin syrup ɗin semolina ya samo asali ne daga zaki na semolina da aka gasa kamar suji halva, kamar yadda kayan burodi da puddings a Gabas ta Tsakiya galibi suna amfani da semolina. [3]

A girke-girke na revani ( Ottoman Turkish   ) ana iya samunsa a cikin littafin girkin Ottoman na Turkiyya na 1844 Melceü't-Tabbâhîn, yana buƙatar gasa cakuda semolina, man shanu, sukari, da ƙwai a cikin tanda sannan a jiƙa shi a cikin syrup na sukari a yanka shi a cikin &quot;siffofi na baklava.&quot;   

Wani ƙamus na Turkanci zuwa Turanci na Ottoman na 1890 wanda masanin ƙamus na Burtaniya James Redhouse ya fassara shi a matsayin ''rewani'' ( Ottoman Turkish   ) a matsayin &quot;Wani nau'in kek mai soso&quot;, ya kuma bayyana ''rewaniji'' a matsayin mai sayar da kek ɗin. 

== Sunaye ==
[[Fayil:Basbousa2.JPG|thumb|228x228px|Basbousa a [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], Balkans, [[Arewacin Afirka]], [[Gabashin Afirka]] da aka ɗora masa almond]]
Ana samunsa a cikin abincin [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], Balkans da [[Arewacin Afirka]] a ƙarƙashin sunaye daban-daban. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abitbol |first=Vera |date=2019-09-25 |title=Syria: Basbousa |url=https://www.196flavors.com/syria-basbousa/ |access-date=2020-10-04 |website=196 flavors |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Albanian: revani, Albanian definite form: revanija
* Arabic: بسبوسة {{Transl|ar|basbūsah}}, {{Lang|ar|هريسة}} {{Transl|ar|harīsa}}, {{Lang|ar|نمورة}} {{Transl|ar|nammoura}}
* Armenian: Շամալի, romanized: shamali
* Bulgarian: реване, romanized: revane
* Cypriot [[Harshe (yare)|Greek]]: {{Lang|el|σάμαλι}} shamali&lt;ref name=&quot;cyprusfoodmuseum&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalon prama or Shamali {{!}} Cyprus Food Museum |url=https://www.cyprusfoodmuseum.com/en/sylloges/paradosiakes-syntages/kalon-prama-or-shamali |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=Cyprus Food Museum |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Greek: ρεβανί, romanized: revaní
* Macedonian: раванија, romanized: ravanija
* Somali: basbuusa
* Turkish: revani

Basbousa shine sunan da aka fi sani da wannan kayan zaki a Gabas ta Tsakiya amma ana iya sanya masa suna daban dangane da yankin; galibi ana kiransa &quot;hareesa&quot; a cikin Levant.   Lura cewa &quot;harissa&quot; a Arewacin Afirka [[Harissa|miya ce mai yaji ja]] .  Kayan zaki ne mai shahara da ake bayarwa a gidajen burodi da yawa a Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma musamman sananne ne a lokacin Ramadan .
[[Fayil:Vegan_Basbousa_by_Uncle_Lou's_Kitchen.jpg|alt=vegan basbousa without eggs or milk uncle lous kitchen|thumb|Vegan basbousa (kwai da aka maye gurbinsu da miyar apple)]]
Ana kuma kiran Şambali da &quot;abincin [[Damascus]] &quot; ko &quot;zuma na Damascus&quot;.  ''Şam'' a cikin harshen Turkanci yana nufin &quot;Damascus&quot;. 

Wasu suna ganin Basbousa ya samo sunansa ne daga kalmar Larabci ta gargajiya wadda ke nufin &quot;sumba kawai&quot; ( {{Lang|ar|بس بوسة}} ).   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A ‘Kiss From the Past’: Semolina Cakes |url=https://asif.org/en/semolina-cakes/ |access-date=14 November 2025 |website=Asif Culinary Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An samo ''kalmar revani'' ta Turkiyya daga kalmar Farisa ta mai ko man shanu ( {{Lang|fa|روغن}} ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Türk Dil Kurumu {{!}} Sözlük |url=https://sozluk.gov.tr/?ara=revani |access-date=28 December 2025 |website=sozluk.gov.tr |language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;nisanyan:revani&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=revani |url=https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/kelime/revani |access-date=28 December 2025 |website=Nişanyan Sözlük |language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, wasu suna da'awar cewa ''revani'' ya samo asali ne daga &quot;Revan&quot;; sunan Turkiyya na [[Yerevan]], kuma an yi kayan zaki ne don tunawa da nasarar Ottoman a Yerevan ta Sultan Murad na IV . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Umphlet |first=Caroline |date=2022-06-22 |title=If You Haven't Tried this Egyptian Sweet, You're Missing Out - Basbousa Recipe |url=https://www.arabamerica.com/if-you-havent-tried-this-egyptian-sweet-youre-missing-out-basbousa-recipe/ |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=Arab America |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Saladi na kwai da kayan abinci</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349510231|Eggplant salads and appetizers]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6679" sha1="t3jy7x8qwqhgt6e78q9l0l44pv8w6sh" xml:space="preserve">Yawancin abinci suna da salads na eggplant da appetizers.

== Nau'o'i ==

=== Gabas ta Tsakiya, Caucasus, Afirka ===
''[[Baba ghanoush|Baba ghanush]]'' ( Arabic   ''bābā ghanūj'' ) sanannen abincin Levantine ne na eggplant (aubergine) wanda aka niƙa aka haɗa shi da kayan ƙanshi iri-iri. Sau da yawa ana gasa eggplant ko a gasa shi a kan wuta a buɗe kafin a bare shi, don ɓawon ya yi laushi kuma yana da ɗanɗanon hayaƙi.  Ana cin Baba ghanoush a matsayin miya da burodin pita, kuma wani lokacin ana ƙara shi a wasu abinci. Yawanci launinsa launin ruwan ƙasa ne mai haske. A Habasha, wannan abincin ana kiransa ''blagadoush'' .
[[Fayil:Baba_ganoush_and_pita.jpg|left|thumb|''Mutabbal'']]
Kamar baba ghanoush, akwai wani abincin Levantine, ''mutabbal'' (wanda aka fassara a matsayin 'mai yaji'), wanda ya haɗa da aubergines da aka dafa da tahini, kuma aka haɗa da gishiri, barkono baƙi, [[man zaitun]], da tsaba anar . Wani lokaci ana cewa Mutabbal sigar baba ghanoush ce mai yaji.

A ƙasar Armeniya, ana kiran abincin da ''mutabal'' . Sinadaran da ake amfani da su a cikin mutabal na Armeniya sune eggplant, tahini, tafarnuwa, lemun tsami, da albasa; yawancin Armeniya kuma suna ƙara cumin .
[[Fayil:Eggplant_caviar_with_pomegranate.jpg|right|thumb|''Badrijnis khizilala'' na Georgia]]
An yi ''naman badrijnis khizilala'' na Georgian (&quot;caviar aubergine&quot;) da aka soya da yankakken eggplants. Sauran sinadaran da aka saba amfani da su sune albasa, tafarnuwa, rumman, barkono ja mai zafi, man kayan lambu da kuma cilantro kore sabo. 

A Isra'ila, ana yin salati na gargajiya da ake kira ''salati ḥatzilim'' da aubergines da aka gasa, tahini, man zaitun, lemun tsami, tafarnuwa da faski. Akwai nau'in mayonnaise da aka yi da tahini, wanda ake kira ''salati ḥatzilim b'mayonnaise'', kuma ana samunsa sosai. &lt;ref&gt;Levy, F. ''Feast from the Mideast'', Harper Collins (2003) {{ISBN|0-06-009361-7}}, p.41.&lt;/ref&gt;

A [[Moroko|ƙasar Maroko]], ana ''kiran'' abincin eggplant da aka soya da tumatir, tafarnuwa, man zaitun, cumin, paprika da faski. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Christine Benlafquih |title=Moroccan Zaalouk (Cooked Eggplant &amp; Tomato Salad) Recipe |url=http://moroccanfood.about.com/od/saladsandsidedishes/r/Zaalouk_Recipe.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211001803/http://moroccanfood.about.com/od/saladsandsidedishes/r/Zaalouk_Recipe.htm |archive-date=11 February 2017 |access-date=15 March 2015 |website=About.com Food}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abincin Eggplant abinci ne da ake ci a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Algerian Eggplant Jam |url=http://www.kosherdelight.com/AlgeriaRecipesAlgerianEggplantJam.htm |access-date=2009-01-25 |publisher=Kosher Delight}}&lt;/ref&gt; An yi shi da eggplant, gishiri, man zaitun, lemun tsami, da faski .

A ƙasar Masar, ana yin ''Papa Ghannug'' ne da gasasshen eggplant sannan a bare shi da tahini, ruwa, gishiri, barkono, lemun tsami, da faski. Ana cin ''Papa Ghannug'' da burodi.

A cikin abincin Iran, ana shirya eggplant don cin abinci mai daɗi wanda aka sani da ''kashk bademjan'' da ''Mirza ghasemi .'' Ana yin sa da miyar whey ( kashk ). &lt;ref name=&quot;Kashk Bademjan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ashpazi |title=Kashk Bademjan |url=http://www.aashpazi.com/kashkbademjan |access-date=5 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Balkans da Gabashin Turai ===
[[Fayil:Eggplant_salad.JPG|thumb|''Melitzanosalata'' na Girka]]
A Girka da Cyprus, ana yin ''melitzanosalata'' (μελιτζανοσαλάτα; &quot;salatin eggplant&quot;) da [[man zaitun]] da [[Lemun tsami|ruwan lemun tsami]] . &lt;ref&gt;Milona, M. ''Culinaria Greece'' Könemann (2004) {{ISBN|3-8331-1053-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Salaman, R. ''The Complete Book of Greek Cooking'' Anness (2006) {{ISBN|0-681-18670-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran sinadaran galibi sun haɗa da tafarnuwa, albasa, da faski. Wani lokaci ana ƙara kayan ƙanshi kamar cumin da barkono ja. Kayan ado na iya haɗawa da cukuwar feta ko zaitun. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gaifyllia |first=Nancy |title=Greek Eggplant Dip |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/melitzanosalata-eggplant-dip-1705229 |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=The Spruce Eats |publisher=Dotdash Meredith}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Karadsheh |first=Suzy |date=2 September 2020 |title=Melitzanosalata Recipe (Greek Eggplant Dip) |url=https://www.themediterraneandish.com/melitzanosalata-recipe/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=The Mediterranean Dish}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin abincin Turkiyya, ''[[İmam bayıldı]]'' miyar eggplant ce, wadda aka fi so a dafa ta da man zaitun, albasa da tumatir. Ana kiran abincin a Girka da Ιμάμ μπαϊλντί (Imam bayildi) ko kuma kawai ''imam'' .

''Malidzano'', wani nau'in abincin gargajiya na Macedonian, ana yin sa ne daga eggplants masu purée, cukuwar sirenje, goro da kayan ƙanshi . Yawanci ana yin sa ne a matsayin abincin ciye-ciye tare da [[burodi]] . A wasu ƙasashen Yammacin Balkans (Serbia, Bosnia da Herzegovina, Croatia) ana yin sa ne da barkono kore da eggplant.
[[Fayil:Salată_de_vinete.jpg|left|thumb|''Salatin Romanian de vinete'']]
''Salatin Eggplant'' (Salatin Eggplant) ko kuma kawai ''vinete'' salatin eggplant ne na Romania, Moldovan da Hungary wanda aka yi da eggplants da aka gasa, bare kuma aka yanka sosai, man sunflower da [[albasa]] da aka yanka. Ana gasa eggplants a wuta har sai sun rufe da ɓawon toka baƙi. Ana tsaftace ɓawon kuma sauran eggplant da aka dafa ana niƙa su da wuka mai kauri, mai kauri a kan faranti na katako (wanda aka yi imani da shi cewa amfani da wuka na ƙarfe zai mayar da naman eggplant baƙi, kafin ruwan wukake na bakin ƙarfe, amma kuma saboda yanke iri ya kamata a guji). Ana haɗa cakuda eggplants a cikin kwano, ana juyawa akai-akai, da man sunflower, albasa da aka yanka da [[gishiri]] . Ana bugun cakuda sosai. Ana iya ƙara tafarnuwa da barkono da aka niƙa suma. Maimakon mai, ana iya amfani da mayonnaise, kodayake ba a al'ada ba. Ana ƙara ɗan lemun tsami a ƙarshen kuma wani lokacin ana yi wa farantin ado da yanka tumatir.

Zakuska na al'ada a Rasha da Ukraine (musamman Odesa ) ana kiransa baklažannaja ikra ( Russian ) ko baklažanna ikra ( Ukrainian ), ma'ana a zahiri &quot;caviar aubergine&quot;. Wasu nau'ikan suna ƙara yankakken tumatir a cikin girke-girke na asali. [1] Wani salatin eggplant wanda aka fi sani a Rasha ana kiransa he iz baklažanov ( Russian: ), kuma wataƙila abincin Koriya ne ya yi tasiri a kansa. Eggplant ɗin yana dogara ne akan aubergines da aka dafa (maimakon da aka niƙa) da sauran kayan lambu, wanda aka shirya da vinegar mai ƙarfi. Bayan an ƙara vinegar ɗin, ana ajiye shi na tsawon awanni da yawa don ya warke kafin a ci.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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Yawancin abinci suna da salads na eggplant da appetizers.

== Nau'o'i ==

=== Gabas ta Tsakiya, Caucasus, Afirka ===
''[[Baba ghanoush|Baba ghanush]]'' ( Arabic   ''bābā ghanūj'' ) sanannen abincin Levantine ne na eggplant (aubergine) wanda aka niƙa aka haɗa shi da kayan ƙanshi iri-iri. Sau da yawa ana gasa eggplant ko a gasa shi a kan wuta a buɗe kafin a bare shi, don ɓawon ya yi laushi kuma yana da ɗanɗanon hayaƙi.  Ana cin Baba ghanoush a matsayin miya da burodin pita, kuma wani lokacin ana ƙara shi a wasu abinci. Yawanci launinsa launin ruwan ƙasa ne mai haske. A Habasha, wannan abincin ana kiransa ''blagadoush'' .
[[Fayil:Baba_ganoush_and_pita.jpg|left|thumb|''Mutabbal'']]
Kamar baba ghanoush, akwai wani abincin Levantine, ''mutabbal'' (wanda aka fassara a matsayin 'mai yaji'), wanda ya haɗa da aubergines da aka dafa da tahini, kuma aka haɗa da gishiri, barkono baƙi, [[man zaitun]], da tsaba anar . Wani lokaci ana cewa Mutabbal sigar baba ghanoush ce mai yaji.

A ƙasar Armeniya, ana kiran abincin da ''mutabal'' . Sinadaran da ake amfani da su a cikin mutabal na Armeniya sune eggplant, tahini, tafarnuwa, lemun tsami, da albasa; yawancin Armeniya kuma suna ƙara cumin .
[[Fayil:Eggplant_caviar_with_pomegranate.jpg|right|thumb|''Badrijnis khizilala'' na Georgia]]
An yi ''naman badrijnis khizilala'' na Georgian (&quot;caviar aubergine&quot;) da aka soya da yankakken eggplants. Sauran sinadaran da aka saba amfani da su sune albasa, tafarnuwa, rumman, barkono ja mai zafi, man kayan lambu da kuma cilantro kore sabo. 

A Isra'ila, ana yin salati na gargajiya da ake kira ''salati ḥatzilim'' da aubergines da aka gasa, tahini, man zaitun, lemun tsami, tafarnuwa da faski. Akwai nau'in mayonnaise da aka yi da tahini, wanda ake kira ''salati ḥatzilim b'mayonnaise'', kuma ana samunsa sosai. &lt;ref&gt;Levy, F. ''Feast from the Mideast'', Harper Collins (2003) {{ISBN|0-06-009361-7}}, p.41.&lt;/ref&gt;

A [[Moroko|ƙasar Maroko]], ana ''kiran'' abincin eggplant da aka soya da tumatir, tafarnuwa, man zaitun, cumin, paprika da faski. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Christine Benlafquih |title=Moroccan Zaalouk (Cooked Eggplant &amp; Tomato Salad) Recipe |url=http://moroccanfood.about.com/od/saladsandsidedishes/r/Zaalouk_Recipe.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211001803/http://moroccanfood.about.com/od/saladsandsidedishes/r/Zaalouk_Recipe.htm |archive-date=11 February 2017 |access-date=15 March 2015 |website=About.com Food}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abincin Eggplant abinci ne da ake ci a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Algerian Eggplant Jam |url=http://www.kosherdelight.com/AlgeriaRecipesAlgerianEggplantJam.htm |access-date=2009-01-25 |publisher=Kosher Delight}}&lt;/ref&gt; An yi shi da eggplant, gishiri, man zaitun, lemun tsami, da faski .

A ƙasar Masar, ana yin ''Papa Ghannug'' ne da gasasshen eggplant sannan a bare shi da tahini, ruwa, gishiri, barkono, lemun tsami, da faski. Ana cin ''Papa Ghannug'' da burodi.

A cikin abincin Iran, ana shirya eggplant don cin abinci mai daɗi wanda aka sani da ''kashk bademjan'' da ''Mirza ghasemi .'' Ana yin sa da miyar whey ( kashk ). &lt;ref name=&quot;Kashk Bademjan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ashpazi |title=Kashk Bademjan |url=http://www.aashpazi.com/kashkbademjan |access-date=5 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Balkans da Gabashin Turai ===
[[Fayil:Eggplant_salad.JPG|thumb|''Melitzanosalata'' na Girka]]
A Girka da Cyprus, ana yin ''melitzanosalata'' (μελιτζανοσαλάτα; &quot;salatin eggplant&quot;) da [[man zaitun]] da [[Lemun tsami|ruwan lemun tsami]] . &lt;ref&gt;Milona, M. ''Culinaria Greece'' Könemann (2004) {{ISBN|3-8331-1053-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Salaman, R. ''The Complete Book of Greek Cooking'' Anness (2006) {{ISBN|0-681-18670-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran sinadaran galibi sun haɗa da tafarnuwa, albasa, da faski. Wani lokaci ana ƙara kayan ƙanshi kamar cumin da barkono ja. Kayan ado na iya haɗawa da cukuwar feta ko zaitun. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gaifyllia |first=Nancy |title=Greek Eggplant Dip |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/melitzanosalata-eggplant-dip-1705229 |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=The Spruce Eats |publisher=Dotdash Meredith}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Karadsheh |first=Suzy |date=2 September 2020 |title=Melitzanosalata Recipe (Greek Eggplant Dip) |url=https://www.themediterraneandish.com/melitzanosalata-recipe/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=The Mediterranean Dish}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin abincin Turkiyya, ''[[İmam bayıldı]]'' miyar eggplant ce, wadda aka fi so a dafa ta da man zaitun, albasa da tumatir. Ana kiran abincin a Girka da Ιμάμ μπαϊλντί (Imam bayildi) ko kuma kawai ''imam'' .

''Malidzano'', wani nau'in abincin gargajiya na Macedonian, ana yin sa ne daga eggplants masu purée, cukuwar sirenje, goro da kayan ƙanshi . Yawanci ana yin sa ne a matsayin abincin ciye-ciye tare da [[burodi]] . A wasu ƙasashen Yammacin Balkans (Serbia, Bosnia da Herzegovina, Croatia) ana yin sa ne da barkono kore da eggplant.
[[Fayil:Salată_de_vinete.jpg|left|thumb|''Salatin Romanian de vinete'']]
''Salatin Eggplant'' (Salatin Eggplant) ko kuma kawai ''vinete'' salatin eggplant ne na Romania, Moldovan da Hungary wanda aka yi da eggplants da aka gasa, bare kuma aka yanka sosai, man sunflower da [[albasa]] da aka yanka. Ana gasa eggplants a wuta har sai sun rufe da ɓawon toka baƙi. Ana tsaftace ɓawon kuma sauran eggplant da aka dafa ana niƙa su da wuka mai kauri, mai kauri a kan faranti na katako (wanda aka yi imani da shi cewa amfani da wuka na ƙarfe zai mayar da naman eggplant baƙi, kafin ruwan wukake na bakin ƙarfe, amma kuma saboda yanke iri ya kamata a guji). Ana haɗa cakuda eggplants a cikin kwano, ana juyawa akai-akai, da man sunflower, albasa da aka yanka da [[gishiri]] . Ana bugun cakuda sosai. Ana iya ƙara tafarnuwa da barkono da aka niƙa suma. Maimakon mai, ana iya amfani da mayonnaise, kodayake ba a al'ada ba. Ana ƙara ɗan lemun tsami a ƙarshen kuma wani lokacin ana yi wa farantin ado da yanka tumatir.

Zakuska na al'ada a Rasha da Ukraine (musamman Odesa ) ana kiransa baklažannaja ikra ( Russian ) ko baklažanna ikra ( Ukrainian ), ma'ana a zahiri &quot;caviar aubergine&quot;. Wasu nau'ikan suna ƙara yankakken tumatir a cikin girke-girke na asali. [1] Wani salatin eggplant wanda aka fi sani a Rasha ana kiransa he iz baklažanov ( Russian: ), kuma wataƙila abincin Koriya ne ya yi tasiri a kansa. Eggplant ɗin yana dogara ne akan aubergines da aka dafa (maimakon da aka niƙa) da sauran kayan lambu, wanda aka shirya da vinegar mai ƙarfi. Bayan an ƙara vinegar ɗin, ana ajiye shi na tsawon awanni da yawa don ya warke kafin a ci.

== Manazarta ==

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    <title>Erq da ke ƙasa</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345737648|Erq sous]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Erq sous''' ( Arabic  , {{Transl|arz|ALA|ʿer' sous}} ) wani abin sha ne na gargajiya da aka yi daga tushen licorice da ake ci a [[Misra|Masar]] da ƙasashen Levant, wanda aka san shi da ɗanɗanon ƙasa mai ɗanɗano. Wannan abin sha mai daɗi yana da farin jini musamman a lokacin watan Ramadan mai tsarki, domin ana kyautata zaton yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye ruwa yayin azumi. &lt;ref name=&quot;egyptianrecipe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Erk Sous (Licorice Drink) |url=https://egyptianrecipe.com/erk-sous-licorice-drink/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Egyptian Recipe}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An yi amfani da tushen liquorice a [[Misra|Masar]] tsawon shekaru aru-aru, wanda aka daraja shi saboda zaƙinsa na halitta da kuma abubuwan da ake kyautata zaton suna sanyaya jiki. &lt;ref name=&quot;amazingfood&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 January 2025 |title=Erq Sous – Egyptian Liquorice Drink |url=https://amazingfoodanddrink.com/drink/erq-sous-egyptian-liquorice-drink/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Amazing Food and Drink}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsarin erq sous a matsayin abin sha mai shahara ya samo asali ne a tsawon lokaci, wanda al'adu daban-daban suka rinjayi, wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na gadon abincin Masar. &lt;ref name=&quot;amazingfood&quot; /&gt;

An fara shan ruwan ne tun lokacin da ake daraja ruwan 'ya'yan itace masu ɗauke da kishirwa saboda kyawunsu na rage ƙishirwa, ana kyautata zaton sojojin Masar suna shansa akai-akai a tsawon tarihi domin su sha ruwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;amazingfood&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 January 2025 |title=Erq Sous – Egyptian Liquorice Drink |url=https://amazingfoodanddrink.com/drink/erq-sous-egyptian-liquorice-drink/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Amazing Food and Drink}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://amazingfoodanddrink.com/drink/erq-sous-egyptian-liquorice-drink/ &quot;Erq Sous – Egyptian Liquorice Drink&quot;]. ''Amazing Food and Drink''. 9 January 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 16,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An kuma yi amfani da Liquorice a fannin magani a tsoffin wayewar kai kamar [[Assuriya]], [[Indiya]], da [[Sin|China]] . Duk da haka, shirye-shiryen Masar na erq sous ya bambanta shi da sauran amfani na gargajiya na liquorice. &lt;ref name=&quot;amazingfood&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 January 2025 |title=Erq Sous – Egyptian Liquorice Drink |url=https://amazingfoodanddrink.com/drink/erq-sous-egyptian-liquorice-drink/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Amazing Food and Drink}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://amazingfoodanddrink.com/drink/erq-sous-egyptian-liquorice-drink/ &quot;Erq Sous – Egyptian Liquorice Drink&quot;]. ''Amazing Food and Drink''. 9 January 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 16,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Domin shirya erq sous, ana wanke tushen licorice busasshe sosai sannan a haɗa shi da baking soda a cikin kwano. Ana ƙara ƙaramin ruwa don jiƙa cakuda, sannan a bar shi ya zauna na tsawon awanni 6-8 ko dare don ba da damar ɗanɗanon ya fito. Bayan jiƙawa, ana sanya tushen licorice mai laushi a cikin tukunya da ruwa sannan a tafasa a kan wuta mai matsakaici. Sannan ana dafa cakuda na tsawon mintuna 20-30 don a zuba ruwan da sinadarin licorice. Bayan haka, ana tace ruwan ta hanyar sieve mai kyau ko cheesecloth don cire daskararru, a sanyaya gaba ɗaya, sannan a sanya a cikin firiji har sai ya yi sanyi. Ana ba da ruwan sanyi a kan kankara. &lt;ref name=&quot;egyptianrecipe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Erk Sous (Licorice Drink) |url=https://egyptianrecipe.com/erk-sous-licorice-drink/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Egyptian Recipe}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://egyptianrecipe.com/erk-sous-licorice-drink/ &quot;Erk Sous (Licorice Drink)&quot;]. ''Egyptian Recipe''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 16,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ERK SOUS (LICORICE ROOT) |url=https://www.madamlachance.com/recipes/m7l5txxk9l7lq7ebiwuzeezqac50oa |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Madam LaChance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba wai kawai ana yaba wa Erq sous ba saboda ɗanɗanonsa na musamman, har ma da fa'idodin da ake da su a fannin lafiya. An saba amfani da tushen licorice don kwantar da hankali kuma ana kyautata zaton yana taimakawa wajen narkewar abinci. Duk da haka, ana ba da shawarar a sha erq sous a matsakaici, domin shan erq sous fiye da kima na iya haifar da illa saboda sinadarin da ke aiki mai ƙarfi, glycyrrhizin . [1]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Erq sous''' ( Arabic  , {{Transl|arz|ALA|ʿer' sous}} ) wani abin sha ne na gargajiya da aka yi daga tushen licorice da ake ci a [[Misra|Masar]] da ƙasashen Levant, wanda aka san shi da ɗanɗanon ƙasa mai ɗanɗano. Wannan abin sha mai daɗi yana da farin jini musamman a lokacin watan Ramadan mai tsarki, domin ana kyautata zaton yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye ruwa yayin azumi. &lt;ref name=&quot;egyptianrecipe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Erk Sous (Licorice Drink) |url=https://egyptianrecipe.com/erk-sous-licorice-drink/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Egyptian Recipe}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An yi amfani da tushen liquorice a [[Misra|Masar]] tsawon shekaru aru-aru, wanda aka daraja shi saboda zaƙinsa na halitta da kuma abubuwan da ake kyautata zaton suna sanyaya jiki. &lt;ref name=&quot;amazingfood&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 January 2025 |title=Erq Sous – Egyptian Liquorice Drink |url=https://amazingfoodanddrink.com/drink/erq-sous-egyptian-liquorice-drink/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Amazing Food and Drink}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsarin erq sous a matsayin abin sha mai shahara ya samo asali ne a tsawon lokaci, wanda al'adu daban-daban suka rinjayi, wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na gadon abincin Masar. &lt;ref name=&quot;amazingfood&quot; /&gt;

An fara shan ruwan ne tun lokacin da ake daraja ruwan 'ya'yan itace masu ɗauke da kishirwa saboda kyawunsu na rage ƙishirwa, ana kyautata zaton sojojin Masar suna shansa akai-akai a tsawon tarihi domin su sha ruwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;amazingfood&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 January 2025 |title=Erq Sous – Egyptian Liquorice Drink |url=https://amazingfoodanddrink.com/drink/erq-sous-egyptian-liquorice-drink/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Amazing Food and Drink}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://amazingfoodanddrink.com/drink/erq-sous-egyptian-liquorice-drink/ &quot;Erq Sous – Egyptian Liquorice Drink&quot;]. ''Amazing Food and Drink''. 9 January 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 16,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An kuma yi amfani da Liquorice a fannin magani a tsoffin wayewar kai kamar [[Assuriya]], [[Indiya]], da [[Sin|China]] . Duk da haka, shirye-shiryen Masar na erq sous ya bambanta shi da sauran amfani na gargajiya na liquorice. &lt;ref name=&quot;amazingfood&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 January 2025 |title=Erq Sous – Egyptian Liquorice Drink |url=https://amazingfoodanddrink.com/drink/erq-sous-egyptian-liquorice-drink/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Amazing Food and Drink}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://amazingfoodanddrink.com/drink/erq-sous-egyptian-liquorice-drink/ &quot;Erq Sous – Egyptian Liquorice Drink&quot;]. ''Amazing Food and Drink''. 9 January 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 16,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Domin shirya erq sous, ana wanke tushen licorice busasshe sosai sannan a haɗa shi da baking soda a cikin kwano. Ana ƙara ƙaramin ruwa don jiƙa cakuda, sannan a bar shi ya zauna na tsawon awanni 6-8 ko dare don ba da damar ɗanɗanon ya fito. Bayan jiƙawa, ana sanya tushen licorice mai laushi a cikin tukunya da ruwa sannan a tafasa a kan wuta mai matsakaici. Sannan ana dafa cakuda na tsawon mintuna 20-30 don a zuba ruwan da sinadarin licorice. Bayan haka, ana tace ruwan ta hanyar sieve mai kyau ko cheesecloth don cire daskararru, a sanyaya gaba ɗaya, sannan a sanya a cikin firiji har sai ya yi sanyi. Ana ba da ruwan sanyi a kan kankara. &lt;ref name=&quot;egyptianrecipe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Erk Sous (Licorice Drink) |url=https://egyptianrecipe.com/erk-sous-licorice-drink/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Egyptian Recipe}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://egyptianrecipe.com/erk-sous-licorice-drink/ &quot;Erk Sous (Licorice Drink)&quot;]. ''Egyptian Recipe''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 16,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ERK SOUS (LICORICE ROOT) |url=https://www.madamlachance.com/recipes/m7l5txxk9l7lq7ebiwuzeezqac50oa |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Madam LaChance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba wai kawai ana yaba wa Erq sous ba saboda ɗanɗanonsa na musamman, har ma da fa'idodin da ake da su a fannin lafiya. An saba amfani da tushen licorice don kwantar da hankali kuma ana kyautata zaton yana taimakawa wajen narkewar abinci. Duk da haka, ana ba da shawarar a sha erq sous a matsakaici, domin shan erq sous fiye da kima na iya haifar da illa saboda sinadarin da ke aiki mai ƙarfi, glycyrrhizin . [1]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fesikh</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349992959|Fesikh]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4014" sha1="r8k2t6gjnjk3h6qskexjrb6tdt5xgyo" xml:space="preserve">'''Fesikh''' ( Egyptian Arabic    ,  ) abincin gargajiya ne na Masar. Ana cin sa galibi, kodayake ba wai kawai ba, a lokacin bikin Sham Ennessim, bikin bazara wanda ya samo asali daga [[Tsohuwar Masar|zamanin Masar]] kuma ana kiyaye shi a matsayin hutu na ƙasa a Masar. Fesikh ya ƙunshi mullet mai gishiri, mai tsami, mai yayyankawa da busasshen launin toka na nau'in ''Mugil'', wani kifin ruwan gishiri wanda ke zaune a [[Bahar Rum]] da [[Red Sea|Tekun Ja]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Feseekh and Melouha |url=http://baheyeldin.com/egypt/feseekh-and-melouha.html |publisher=Baheyeldin Dynasty}}&lt;/ref&gt; A yammacin Masar, ana amfani da farin kifi a matsayin madadin. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Cin fesikh ya samo asali ne tun zamanin da. A cikin littafinsa na Histories, masanin tarihin Girka Herodotus ya ba da cikakken bayani game da halaye na cin abinci na Masarawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;herodotus&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Herodotus |year=1920 |title=Herodotus, The Histories, 2.77 |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126%3Abook%3D2%3Achapter%3D77 |access-date=2025-05-15 |publisher=Harvard University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Daga cikin sauran ayyukan, ya rubuta cewa Masarawa &quot;suna cin kifi ko dai danye ko busasshe a rana, ko kuma a adana shi da ruwan gishiri&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;herodotus&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;tallet&quot; /&gt; Hanyoyin da Herodotus ya bayyana sun yi daidai da waɗanda ake amfani da su a fesikh na zamani, suna nuna al'adar dafa abinci ta daɗe tana ci tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. &lt;ref name=&quot;tallet&quot; /&gt;

== Hadari ==
[[Fayil:Fesikh_in_Saudi_Arabia.jpg|thumb|Fesikh da aka shirya a wani babban kanti a Saudiyya]]
Kowace shekara, rahotannin wasu lokuta na gubar abinci da ta shafi fesikh da aka shirya ba daidai ba suna bayyana a cikin mujallun Masar, musamman a lokacin bikin Sham el-Nessim, lokacin da Masarawa ke cin wannan kifin gargajiya da aka dafa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptians celebrate Sham El-Nessim in parks with pickled fish - Politics - Egypt - Ahram Online |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/263096/Egypt/Politics-/Egyptians-celebrate-Sham-ElNessim-in-parks-with-pi.aspx |access-date=2018-01-18 |website=english.ahram.org.eg |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A watan Afrilun 2012, Hukumar Kula da Abinci ta Kanada ta fitar da umarnin a yi wa fesikh mullet, fesikh mullet da aka yanka a cikin mai, da kuma fesikh shad gaba ɗaya da aka sayar daga wani shago a [[Toronto]] . Akwai rahotannin cututtuka guda uku da suka shafi cin kayayyakin, waɗanda wataƙila sun gurɓata da ƙwayoyin cuta ''na Clostridium botulinum'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Canadian Food Inspection Agency Health Hazard Alert |url=http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/corpaffr/recarapp/2012/20120424e.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430081414/http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/corpaffr/recarapp/2012/20120424e.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Waɗannan rahotannin ba su taɓa hana Masarawa cin wannan abincin biki ba, duk da haka, domin sun shafi fesikh da ba a shirya shi yadda ya kamata ba ne kawai da kuma fesikh da ya ƙare ko kuma wanda ya gurɓata; Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Masar tana kira ga Masarawa da su sayi fesikh ɗinsu daga masu sayar da abinci da aka sani kuma aka amince da su kuma su duba kwanakin ƙarewa, ko kuma su shirya shi yadda ya kamata idan sun yi hakan a gida, [1] kuma ana ci gaba da bincika shagunan da ke sayar da kifi.

== A yankuna daban-daban ==
Fesikh ya bazu daga Masar zuwa [[Zirin Gaza]], inda aka saba yin sa don Idin [[Sallar Idi ƙarama|Eid al-Fitr]] kuma ana cika shi da albasa a soya maimakon a ci shi kamar yadda ake ci, ana kuma yin fesikh na Gazan zuwa yahni .   

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka
* Surströmming
* Hákarl
* Hongeo-hoe

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'''Fesikh''' ( Egyptian Arabic    ,  ) abincin gargajiya ne na Masar. Ana cin sa galibi, kodayake ba wai kawai ba, a lokacin bikin Sham Ennessim, bikin bazara wanda ya samo asali daga [[Tsohuwar Masar|zamanin Masar]] kuma ana kiyaye shi a matsayin hutu na ƙasa a Masar. Fesikh ya ƙunshi mullet mai gishiri, mai tsami, mai yayyankawa da busasshen launin toka na nau'in ''Mugil'', wani kifin ruwan gishiri wanda ke zaune a [[Bahar Rum]] da [[Red Sea|Tekun Ja]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Feseekh and Melouha |url=http://baheyeldin.com/egypt/feseekh-and-melouha.html |publisher=Baheyeldin Dynasty}}&lt;/ref&gt; A yammacin Masar, ana amfani da farin kifi a matsayin madadin. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Cin fesikh ya samo asali ne tun zamanin da. A cikin littafinsa na Histories, masanin tarihin Girka Herodotus ya ba da cikakken bayani game da halaye na cin abinci na Masarawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;herodotus&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Herodotus |year=1920 |title=Herodotus, The Histories, 2.77 |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126%3Abook%3D2%3Achapter%3D77 |access-date=2025-05-15 |publisher=Harvard University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Daga cikin sauran ayyukan, ya rubuta cewa Masarawa &quot;suna cin kifi ko dai danye ko busasshe a rana, ko kuma a adana shi da ruwan gishiri&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;herodotus&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;tallet&quot; /&gt; Hanyoyin da Herodotus ya bayyana sun yi daidai da waɗanda ake amfani da su a fesikh na zamani, suna nuna al'adar dafa abinci ta daɗe tana ci tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. &lt;ref name=&quot;tallet&quot; /&gt;

== Hadari ==
[[Fayil:Fesikh_in_Saudi_Arabia.jpg|thumb|Fesikh da aka shirya a wani babban kanti a Saudiyya]]
Kowace shekara, rahotannin wasu lokuta na gubar abinci da ta shafi fesikh da aka shirya ba daidai ba suna bayyana a cikin mujallun Masar, musamman a lokacin bikin Sham el-Nessim, lokacin da Masarawa ke cin wannan kifin gargajiya da aka dafa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptians celebrate Sham El-Nessim in parks with pickled fish - Politics - Egypt - Ahram Online |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/263096/Egypt/Politics-/Egyptians-celebrate-Sham-ElNessim-in-parks-with-pi.aspx |access-date=2018-01-18 |website=english.ahram.org.eg |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A watan Afrilun 2012, Hukumar Kula da Abinci ta Kanada ta fitar da umarnin a yi wa fesikh mullet, fesikh mullet da aka yanka a cikin mai, da kuma fesikh shad gaba ɗaya da aka sayar daga wani shago a [[Toronto]] . Akwai rahotannin cututtuka guda uku da suka shafi cin kayayyakin, waɗanda wataƙila sun gurɓata da ƙwayoyin cuta ''na Clostridium botulinum'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Canadian Food Inspection Agency Health Hazard Alert |url=http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/corpaffr/recarapp/2012/20120424e.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430081414/http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/corpaffr/recarapp/2012/20120424e.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Waɗannan rahotannin ba su taɓa hana Masarawa cin wannan abincin biki ba, duk da haka, domin sun shafi fesikh da ba a shirya shi yadda ya kamata ba ne kawai da kuma fesikh da ya ƙare ko kuma wanda ya gurɓata; Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Masar tana kira ga Masarawa da su sayi fesikh ɗinsu daga masu sayar da abinci da aka sani kuma aka amince da su kuma su duba kwanakin ƙarewa, ko kuma su shirya shi yadda ya kamata idan sun yi hakan a gida, [1] kuma ana ci gaba da bincika shagunan da ke sayar da kifi.

== A yankuna daban-daban ==
Fesikh ya bazu daga Masar zuwa [[Zirin Gaza]], inda aka saba yin sa don Idin [[Sallar Idi ƙarama|Eid al-Fitr]] kuma ana cika shi da albasa a soya maimakon a ci shi kamar yadda ake ci, ana kuma yin fesikh na Gazan zuwa yahni .   

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka
* Surströmming
* Hákarl
* Hongeo-hoe

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Fesikh''' ( Egyptian Arabic    ,  ) abincin gargajiya ne na Masar. Ana cin sa galibi, kodayake ba wai kawai ba, a lokacin bikin Sham Ennessim, bikin bazara wanda ya samo asali daga [[Tsohuwar Masar|zamanin Masar]] kuma ana kiyaye shi a matsayin hutu na ƙasa a Masar. Fesikh ya ƙunshi mullet mai gishiri, mai tsami, mai yayyankawa da busasshen launin toka na nau'in ''Mugil'', wani kifin ruwan gishiri wanda ke zaune a [[Bahar Rum]] da [[Red Sea|Tekun Ja]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Feseekh and Melouha |url=http://baheyeldin.com/egypt/feseekh-and-melouha.html |publisher=Baheyeldin Dynasty}}&lt;/ref&gt; A yammacin Masar, ana amfani da farin kifi a matsayin madadin. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Cin fesikh ya samo asali ne tun zamanin da. A cikin littafinsa na Histories, masanin tarihin Girka Herodotus ya ba da cikakken bayani game da halaye na cin abinci na Masarawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;herodotus&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Herodotus |year=1920 |title=Herodotus, The Histories, 2.77 |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126%3Abook%3D2%3Achapter%3D77 |access-date=2025-05-15 |publisher=Harvard University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Daga cikin sauran ayyukan, ya rubuta cewa Masarawa &quot;suna cin kifi ko dai danye ko busasshe a rana, ko kuma a adana shi da ruwan gishiri&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;herodotus&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;tallet&quot; /&gt; Hanyoyin da Herodotus ya bayyana sun yi daidai da waɗanda ake amfani da su a fesikh na zamani, suna nuna al'adar dafa abinci ta daɗe tana ci tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. &lt;ref name=&quot;tallet&quot; /&gt;

== Hadari ==
[[Fayil:Fesikh_in_Saudi_Arabia.jpg|thumb|Fesikh da aka shirya a wani babban kanti a Saudiyya]]
Kowace shekara, rahotannin wasu lokuta na gubar abinci da ta shafi fesikh da aka shirya ba daidai ba suna bayyana a cikin mujallun Masar, musamman a lokacin bikin Sham el-Nessim, lokacin da Masarawa ke cin wannan kifin gargajiya da aka dafa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptians celebrate Sham El-Nessim in parks with pickled fish - Politics - Egypt - Ahram Online |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/263096/Egypt/Politics-/Egyptians-celebrate-Sham-ElNessim-in-parks-with-pi.aspx |access-date=2018-01-18 |website=english.ahram.org.eg |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A watan Afrilun 2012, Hukumar Kula da Abinci ta Kanada ta fitar da umarnin a yi wa fesikh mullet, fesikh mullet da aka yanka a cikin mai, da kuma fesikh shad gaba ɗaya da aka sayar daga wani shago a [[Toronto]] . Akwai rahotannin cututtuka guda uku da suka shafi cin kayayyakin, waɗanda wataƙila sun gurɓata da ƙwayoyin cuta ''na Clostridium botulinum'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Canadian Food Inspection Agency Health Hazard Alert |url=http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/corpaffr/recarapp/2012/20120424e.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430081414/http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/corpaffr/recarapp/2012/20120424e.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Waɗannan rahotannin ba su taɓa hana Masarawa cin wannan abincin biki ba, duk da haka, domin sun shafi fesikh da ba a shirya shi yadda ya kamata ba ne kawai da kuma fesikh da ya ƙare ko kuma wanda ya gurɓata; Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Masar tana kira ga Masarawa da su sayi fesikh ɗinsu daga masu sayar da abinci da aka sani kuma aka amince da su kuma su duba kwanakin ƙarewa, ko kuma su shirya shi yadda ya kamata idan sun yi hakan a gida, [1] kuma ana ci gaba da bincika shagunan da ke sayar da kifi.

== A yankuna daban-daban ==
Fesikh ya bazu daga Masar zuwa [[Zirin Gaza]], inda aka saba yin sa don Idin [[Sallar Idi ƙarama|Eid al-Fitr]] kuma ana cika shi da albasa a soya maimakon a ci shi kamar yadda ake ci, ana kuma yin fesikh na Gazan zuwa yahni .   

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka
* Surströmming
* Hákarl
* Hongeo-hoe

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351834513|Fatteh]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="7724" sha1="q6qfmjm8nrnaxyfy8yw4w5txmuor0jz" xml:space="preserve">'''Fatteh''' ( Arabic   ma'ana ''niƙaƙƙe'' ko ''ɓawon burodi'', wanda aka fassara shi da roman kamar ''fette'', ''fetté'', ''fatta'' ko ''fattah'' )  abinci ne da ake ci a duniyar Larabawa wanda ya ƙunshi gutsuttsuran burodi sabo, gasashe, gasashe, ko soyayyen burodi mai faɗi wanda aka rufe da wasu sinadarai waɗanda suka bambanta dangane da yanki. Haka kuma a wasu lokutan ana kiransa da '''shâmiyât''' ( Arabic   &quot;Damascene&quot;)  a yankin Levant .

Haɗa burodin da ya tsufa, wanda aka gasa ko kuma sabo a cikin abinci wata dabara ce da aka saba amfani da ita a cikin abincin Larabawa . 

== Shiri ==
A al'adance ana amfani da Fatteh a matsayin hanyar yin amfani da burodin da ya tsufa, da kuma manyan abinci idan babu wasu abinci. Gabaɗaya, ana sanya burodin da aka murƙushe a ƙasa, a ɗora shi da wasu abinci. &lt;ref name=&quot;kassisFatteh1001&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kassis |first=Reem |author-link=Reem Kassis |date=4 August 2025 |title=The 1,001 Faces of Fatteh—and How to Make This Iconic Arab Dish at Home |url=https://www.seriouseats.com/guide-to-fatteh-11784755 |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=[[Serious Eats]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;     Ana iya gasa shi ko ba za a iya gasa shi ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;falastin&quot; /&gt;

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
''Fatteh'' ya samo asali ne daga {{Transl|ar|ALA-LC|fatta}} ta Larabci ( {{Lang|ar|فتة}} ), wanda aka samo daga tushen Larabci ( {{Lang|ar|فتت}} ) ma'ana &quot;yagewa&quot; ko &quot;yagewa&quot;.   

== Tarihi ==
An yi imani da cewa fatteh ya samo asali ne daga ƙasar Masar ta Fir'auna.   [[Tharid]], wani abinci da aka ce Annabi Muhammad ne ya fi so, wasu suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin abincin ''fatteh'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;kassisFatteh1001&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kassis |first=Reem |author-link=Reem Kassis |date=4 August 2025 |title=The 1,001 Faces of Fatteh—and How to Make This Iconic Arab Dish at Home |url=https://www.seriouseats.com/guide-to-fatteh-11784755 |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=[[Serious Eats]] |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKassis2025&quot;&gt;[[Reem Kassis|Kassis, Reem]] (4 August 2025). [https://www.seriouseats.com/guide-to-fatteh-11784755 &quot;The 1,001 Faces of Fatteh—and How to Make This Iconic Arab Dish at Home&quot;]. ''[[Serious Eats]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 September&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot; /&gt;

An ambaci irin wannan abincin da fatteh ya ci a cikin littafin girkin Larabci na ƙarni na 10 na Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nasrallah |first=Nawal |title=Salad With Toasted Pita Croutons from Delights from the Garden of Eden by Nawal Nasrallah |url=https://app.ckbk.com/recipe/deli98836c03s001ss003r003/salad-with-toasted-pita-croutons |access-date=19 Nov 2025 |website=app.ckbk.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fatteh abinci ne da aka fi so a zamanin [[Halifancin Fatimid|Khalifancin Fatimid]] a ƙarni na 10-12.  

== Bambancin yanki ==
Fatteh wani tsohon abinci ne da ake samu a yankin Mashriq na ƙasashen Larabawa da kuma [[Misra|Masar]] .  Abincin Fetté ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan abinci iri-iri na yanki da na gida, waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu kuma suna da nasu sunaye daban-daban.

=== Yemen ===
[[Fayil:Fatootsamneh.jpg|thumb|166x166px|Yaman fatoot; burodi da aka gasa a cikin ''samneh'']]
Ana iya samun nau'ikan fatteh iri-iri a cikin abincin Yemen, wannan ya haɗa da nau'ikan mai daɗi da mai daɗi.   '''Fattah Tammer''' ( Arabic   ) sigar zaki ce da aka yi da zuma da dabino .  &lt;ref name=&quot;yemencnn&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;newarabYemen&quot; /&gt;

Wani suna na ''fatta'' a Yemen shine '''fatoot''' ko '''ftut''' ( Arabic   ).  Bambance-bambancen fatta da ake kira ''ftout'' da ''fatoot samneh'' sun shahara a tsakanin Yahudawan Yemen, kuma har yanzu ana yin su a Yemen a yau. 

=== Tekun Arabiya ===
A cikin abincin Gabas ta Larabawa, [[tharid]] sanannen abinci ne na fatteh, wanda aka yi shi da nama, kayan lambu, da miya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;helou&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Helou |first=Anissa |author-link=Anissa Helou |date=9 April 2021 |title=Tharid (Arabian Meat and Vegetable Stew Over Crispy Bread) |url=https://www.latimes.com/recipe/tharid-arabian-meat-and-vegetable-stew-over-crispy-bread |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=Los Angeles Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Misira ===
[[Fayil:Fattah_at_Felfela_Restaurant_-_Cairo_Egypt_October_2009.jpg|thumb|Fatta na Masar]]
[[Misra|Masarawa]] suna shirya abinci mai suna &quot;fatta&quot; a matsayin abincin biki.  Ana shirya shi a lokuta na musamman, kamar bikin ɗaukar ciki na farko na mace ko don [[Sallar Idi ƙarama|Idin Al-Fitr]] da [[Sallar Idi Babba|Idin Al-Adha]] . Ana yin sa ne da miyar nama mai ɗanɗanon tafarnuwa da vinegar da burodi mai ƙyalli da aka yi a cikin kwano da shinkafa da miyar tumatir da tafarnuwa.  Kiristocin Coptic suna shirya wannan ''fatteh'' a ranar Kirsimeti . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fattah Is the Most Delicious Centerpiece of Egyptian Orthodox Christmas |url=https://www.thekitchn.com/fattah-recipe-23470850 |access-date=1 February 2026 |website=[[Apartment Therapy|Kitchn]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Transl|ar|Fattat kawāriʻ}} ({{Lang|ar|فتة كوارع}}) is a  fatteh traditionally prepared on Eid al-Adha in Egypt with feet of the [[Qurban (Islamic ritual sacrifice)|animal slaughtered for the holiday]].

=== Maroko ===
Ana iya ɗaukar rfissa na ƙasar Moroccan a matsayin nau'in fatteh; tushensa yana da burodi mai kauri da aka jiƙa a cikin miya.  

=== Iraki ===
[[Fayil:Red_Iraqi_Tashrib.jpg|thumb|Nau'in yankin ''tashrib'' na Iraki]]
''[[:ar:تشريب|Tashrib]]'' ( Arabic   ) nau'in ''fatteh'' ne na ƙasar Iraqi, wanda aka yi da burodi da aka jiƙa a cikin miya sannan aka ɗora masa jan nama ko kaza.   

=== Levant ===
[[Fayil:Hummus_Fatteh_with_lamb_Meat_and_Spiced_Chickpeas.jpg|thumb|Hummus Fatteh da naman rago da wake mai kayan ƙanshi.]]
Akwai nau'ikan fatteh da yawa a yankin Levant, [1] ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan fattet da aka fi sani shine Fattet Hummus, wanda shi kansa yana da nasa nau'ikan yankuna a faɗin Jordan, Siriya, Lebanon, da Falasdinu, manyan abubuwan da ke cikinsa sune burodi, wake, da tahini. Ana iya ƙara goro, naman da aka niƙa, da sauran abubuwan da aka ƙara don ado. [2] [1] Fatteh kuma ana kiransa tis'iyyeh ( Arabic ) a cikin Levant. [3] [4]

Wani sanannen bambancin Levantine shine ''fattet betinjen'' ( Arabic   ), wanda ake yi da eggplants soyayye ko gasashe, wasu ƙarin abubuwan da aka saba ƙarawa sun haɗa da yogurt da nama. &lt;ref name=&quot;kassisFatteh1001&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kassis |first=Reem |author-link=Reem Kassis |date=4 August 2025 |title=The 1,001 Faces of Fatteh—and How to Make This Iconic Arab Dish at Home |url=https://www.seriouseats.com/guide-to-fatteh-11784755 |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=[[Serious Eats]] |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKassis2025&quot;&gt;[[Reem Kassis|Kassis, Reem]] (4 August 2025). [https://www.seriouseats.com/guide-to-fatteh-11784755 &quot;The 1,001 Faces of Fatteh—and How to Make This Iconic Arab Dish at Home&quot;]. ''[[Serious Eats]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 September&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;  

''Fatit 'ajir'' wani nau'in abinci ne mai suna fatteh da aka fi sani da shi a kudancin Gaza, wanda aka gasa shi da kankana mara nuna ba tare da yisti ba da kuma kayan lambu da aka yanka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Connor |first=Jackson |title=Why Watermelons Are a Symbol of Political Protest for Palestinians |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/why-watermelons-are-a-symbol-of-political-protest-for-palestinians/ |access-date=27 October 2025 |website=Vice}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ana iya samun irin wannan abincin a arewacin yankin Sinai, Masar.  

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Fatteh''' ( Arabic   ma'ana ''niƙaƙƙe'' ko ''ɓawon burodi'', wanda aka fassara shi da roman kamar ''fette'', ''fetté'', ''fatta'' ko ''fattah'' )  abinci ne da ake ci a duniyar Larabawa wanda ya ƙunshi gutsuttsuran burodi sabo, gasashe, gasashe, ko soyayyen burodi mai faɗi wanda aka rufe da wasu sinadarai waɗanda suka bambanta dangane da yanki. Haka kuma a wasu lokutan ana kiransa da '''shâmiyât''' ( Arabic   &quot;Damascene&quot;)  a yankin Levant .

Haɗa burodin da ya tsufa, wanda aka gasa ko kuma sabo a cikin abinci wata dabara ce da aka saba amfani da ita a cikin abincin Larabawa . 

== Shiri ==
A al'adance ana amfani da Fatteh a matsayin hanyar yin amfani da burodin da ya tsufa, da kuma manyan abinci idan babu wasu abinci. Gabaɗaya, ana sanya burodin da aka murƙushe a ƙasa, a ɗora shi da wasu abinci. &lt;ref name=&quot;kassisFatteh1001&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kassis |first=Reem |author-link=Reem Kassis |date=4 August 2025 |title=The 1,001 Faces of Fatteh—and How to Make This Iconic Arab Dish at Home |url=https://www.seriouseats.com/guide-to-fatteh-11784755 |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=[[Serious Eats]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;     Ana iya gasa shi ko ba za a iya gasa shi ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;falastin&quot; /&gt;

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
''Fatteh'' ya samo asali ne daga {{Transl|ar|ALA-LC|fatta}} ta Larabci ( {{Lang|ar|فتة}} ), wanda aka samo daga tushen Larabci ( {{Lang|ar|فتت}} ) ma'ana &quot;yagewa&quot; ko &quot;yagewa&quot;.   

== Tarihi ==
An yi imani da cewa fatteh ya samo asali ne daga ƙasar Masar ta Fir'auna.   [[Tharid]], wani abinci da aka ce Annabi Muhammad ne ya fi so, wasu suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin abincin ''fatteh'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;kassisFatteh1001&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kassis |first=Reem |author-link=Reem Kassis |date=4 August 2025 |title=The 1,001 Faces of Fatteh—and How to Make This Iconic Arab Dish at Home |url=https://www.seriouseats.com/guide-to-fatteh-11784755 |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=[[Serious Eats]] |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKassis2025&quot;&gt;[[Reem Kassis|Kassis, Reem]] (4 August 2025). [https://www.seriouseats.com/guide-to-fatteh-11784755 &quot;The 1,001 Faces of Fatteh—and How to Make This Iconic Arab Dish at Home&quot;]. ''[[Serious Eats]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 September&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot; /&gt;

An ambaci irin wannan abincin da fatteh ya ci a cikin littafin girkin Larabci na ƙarni na 10 na Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nasrallah |first=Nawal |title=Salad With Toasted Pita Croutons from Delights from the Garden of Eden by Nawal Nasrallah |url=https://app.ckbk.com/recipe/deli98836c03s001ss003r003/salad-with-toasted-pita-croutons |access-date=19 Nov 2025 |website=app.ckbk.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fatteh abinci ne da aka fi so a zamanin [[Halifancin Fatimid|Khalifancin Fatimid]] a ƙarni na 10-12.  

== Bambancin yanki ==
Fatteh wani tsohon abinci ne da ake samu a yankin Mashriq na ƙasashen Larabawa da kuma [[Misra|Masar]] .  Abincin Fetté ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan abinci iri-iri na yanki da na gida, waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu kuma suna da nasu sunaye daban-daban.

=== Yemen ===
[[Fayil:Fatootsamneh.jpg|thumb|166x166px|Yaman fatoot; burodi da aka gasa a cikin ''samneh'']]
Ana iya samun nau'ikan fatteh iri-iri a cikin abincin Yemen, wannan ya haɗa da nau'ikan mai daɗi da mai daɗi.   '''Fattah Tammer''' ( Arabic   ) sigar zaki ce da aka yi da zuma da dabino .  &lt;ref name=&quot;yemencnn&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;newarabYemen&quot; /&gt;

Wani suna na ''fatta'' a Yemen shine '''fatoot''' ko '''ftut''' ( Arabic   ).  Bambance-bambancen fatta da ake kira ''ftout'' da ''fatoot samneh'' sun shahara a tsakanin Yahudawan Yemen, kuma har yanzu ana yin su a Yemen a yau. 

=== Tekun Arabiya ===
A cikin abincin Gabas ta Larabawa, [[tharid]] sanannen abinci ne na fatteh, wanda aka yi shi da nama, kayan lambu, da miya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;helou&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Helou |first=Anissa |author-link=Anissa Helou |date=9 April 2021 |title=Tharid (Arabian Meat and Vegetable Stew Over Crispy Bread) |url=https://www.latimes.com/recipe/tharid-arabian-meat-and-vegetable-stew-over-crispy-bread |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=Los Angeles Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Misira ===
[[Fayil:Fattah_at_Felfela_Restaurant_-_Cairo_Egypt_October_2009.jpg|thumb|Fatta na Masar]]
[[Misra|Masarawa]] suna shirya abinci mai suna &quot;fatta&quot; a matsayin abincin biki.  Ana shirya shi a lokuta na musamman, kamar bikin ɗaukar ciki na farko na mace ko don [[Sallar Idi ƙarama|Idin Al-Fitr]] da [[Sallar Idi Babba|Idin Al-Adha]] . Ana yin sa ne da miyar nama mai ɗanɗanon tafarnuwa da vinegar da burodi mai ƙyalli da aka yi a cikin kwano da shinkafa da miyar tumatir da tafarnuwa.  Kiristocin Coptic suna shirya wannan ''fatteh'' a ranar Kirsimeti . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fattah Is the Most Delicious Centerpiece of Egyptian Orthodox Christmas |url=https://www.thekitchn.com/fattah-recipe-23470850 |access-date=1 February 2026 |website=[[Apartment Therapy|Kitchn]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Transl|ar|Fattat kawāriʻ}} ({{Lang|ar|فتة كوارع}}) is a  fatteh traditionally prepared on Eid al-Adha in Egypt with feet of the [[Qurban (Islamic ritual sacrifice)|animal slaughtered for the holiday]].

=== Maroko ===
Ana iya ɗaukar rfissa na ƙasar Moroccan a matsayin nau'in fatteh; tushensa yana da burodi mai kauri da aka jiƙa a cikin miya.  

=== Iraki ===
[[Fayil:Red_Iraqi_Tashrib.jpg|thumb|Nau'in yankin ''tashrib'' na Iraki]]
''[[:ar:تشريب|Tashrib]]'' ( Arabic   ) nau'in ''fatteh'' ne na ƙasar Iraqi, wanda aka yi da burodi da aka jiƙa a cikin miya sannan aka ɗora masa jan nama ko kaza.   

=== Levant ===
[[Fayil:Hummus_Fatteh_with_lamb_Meat_and_Spiced_Chickpeas.jpg|thumb|Hummus Fatteh da naman rago da wake mai kayan ƙanshi.]]
Akwai nau'ikan fatteh da yawa a yankin Levant, [1] ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan fattet da aka fi sani shine Fattet Hummus, wanda shi kansa yana da nasa nau'ikan yankuna a faɗin Jordan, Siriya, Lebanon, da Falasdinu, manyan abubuwan da ke cikinsa sune burodi, wake, da tahini. Ana iya ƙara goro, naman da aka niƙa, da sauran abubuwan da aka ƙara don ado. [2] [1] Fatteh kuma ana kiransa tis'iyyeh ( Arabic ) a cikin Levant. [3] [4]

Wani sanannen bambancin Levantine shine ''fattet betinjen'' ( Arabic   ), wanda ake yi da eggplants soyayye ko gasashe, wasu ƙarin abubuwan da aka saba ƙarawa sun haɗa da yogurt da nama. &lt;ref name=&quot;kassisFatteh1001&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kassis |first=Reem |author-link=Reem Kassis |date=4 August 2025 |title=The 1,001 Faces of Fatteh—and How to Make This Iconic Arab Dish at Home |url=https://www.seriouseats.com/guide-to-fatteh-11784755 |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=[[Serious Eats]] |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKassis2025&quot;&gt;[[Reem Kassis|Kassis, Reem]] (4 August 2025). [https://www.seriouseats.com/guide-to-fatteh-11784755 &quot;The 1,001 Faces of Fatteh—and How to Make This Iconic Arab Dish at Home&quot;]. ''[[Serious Eats]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 September&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;  

''Fatit 'ajir'' wani nau'in abinci ne mai suna fatteh da aka fi sani da shi a kudancin Gaza, wanda aka gasa shi da kankana mara nuna ba tare da yisti ba da kuma kayan lambu da aka yanka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Connor |first=Jackson |title=Why Watermelons Are a Symbol of Political Protest for Palestinians |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/why-watermelons-are-a-symbol-of-political-protest-for-palestinians/ |access-date=27 October 2025 |website=Vice}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ana iya samun irin wannan abincin a arewacin yankin Sinai, Masar.  

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>pkywc9sclkj0fj8kn5vhgcp5yuizbzn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mai kashewa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148930</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829040</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:10:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347376199|Fatayer]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829040</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1913" sha1="94v5zrvl453h803ihs2ctres0j68lij" xml:space="preserve">'''Fatayer''' ( Standard Arabic     ; Levantine Arabic     ; sg. فطيرة   ) [[Meat pie|biredi ne na nama]] waɗanda za a iya cika su da alayyafo ko [[cuku]] kamar feta ko akkawi .  Su ɓangare ne na abincin Larabawa da Levantine kuma ana cin su a [[Lebanon]], [[Siriya]], [[Falasdinu|Falasɗinu]], [[Jodan|Jordan]], [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], [[Misra|Masar]] .    Fatayer kuma sananne ne a [[Argentina]], inda ake ɗaukar su a matsayin nau'in empanada a ƙarƙashin sunan {{Lang|es|empanadas árabes}} (siffa guda {{Lang|es|empanada árabe}} ), kuma a [[Brazil]], inda aka san su da {{Lang|pt|esfihas fechadas}} (&quot;rufe sfihas &quot;, sigar {{Lang|pt|esfiha fechada}} guda ɗaya ).

Wasu fatayer yawanci ana daskare su kuma a sake dumama su kafin a ci abinci. 

== Tarihi da asalinsa ==
Kalmar fatayer ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Larabci faṭīrah ( فطيرة ), wanda sigar jam'i ita ce faṭayīr . [1] [2] Kalmar fatayir an tabbatar da ita a Turanci tun a shekarar 1882 a cikin ƙamus na Larabci-Turanci na Francis Joseph Steingass, inda aka fassara ta da &quot;abinci&quot;, kuma an daidaita ta da sambusaq . [3]

A wasu lokutan ana amfani da sunan fatayer a musanya da ''[[Samosa|sambusak]]'' ; yana nufin gasasshen ko soyayyen Larabawa.   Sambusak ya fito ne daga samosa na zamanin da, wanda aka tabbatar tun farkon ƙarni na 9 a [[Iran|Farisa]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;marks2010&quot; /&gt;  A cewar masanin tarihin abinci Nawal Nasrallah, ana iya ɗaukar sambusak a matsayin nau'in ''fatayir'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;nasrallah2013&quot; /&gt;

Da farko Fatayer yana nufin burodi marar yisti, amma daga ƙarshe ya koma ga burodi mai cike da aka yi da burodi marar yisti. [1] [2] Buredi cike da kusurwoyi uku cike da cuku da ake kira mujabbanat ( Arabic ) za a iya samu a cikin wani sigar da aka ƙara wa Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq na ƙarni na 10 Kitab al-Tabikh a ƙarni na 13. Ta kuma bayyana sambusak na zamanin da a matsayin nau'ikan fatayir. [1]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>94v5zrvl453h803ihs2ctres0j68lij</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>829041</id>
      <parentid>829040</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:11:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>829041</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1925" sha1="giybx4x2lwmdw3cck6hxpouapkqicj6" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Fatayer''' ( Standard Arabic     ; Levantine Arabic     ; sg. فطيرة   ) [[Meat pie|biredi ne na nama]] waɗanda za a iya cika su da alayyafo ko [[cuku]] kamar feta ko akkawi .  Su ɓangare ne na abincin Larabawa da Levantine kuma ana cin su a [[Lebanon]], [[Siriya]], [[Falasdinu|Falasɗinu]], [[Jodan|Jordan]], [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], [[Misra|Masar]] .    Fatayer kuma sananne ne a [[Argentina]], inda ake ɗaukar su a matsayin nau'in empanada a ƙarƙashin sunan {{Lang|es|empanadas árabes}} (siffa guda {{Lang|es|empanada árabe}} ), kuma a [[Brazil]], inda aka san su da {{Lang|pt|esfihas fechadas}} (&quot;rufe sfihas &quot;, sigar {{Lang|pt|esfiha fechada}} guda ɗaya ).

Wasu fatayer yawanci ana daskare su kuma a sake dumama su kafin a ci abinci. 

== Tarihi da asalinsa ==
Kalmar fatayer ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Larabci faṭīrah ( فطيرة ), wanda sigar jam'i ita ce faṭayīr . [1] [2] Kalmar fatayir an tabbatar da ita a Turanci tun a shekarar 1882 a cikin ƙamus na Larabci-Turanci na Francis Joseph Steingass, inda aka fassara ta da &quot;abinci&quot;, kuma an daidaita ta da sambusaq . [3]

A wasu lokutan ana amfani da sunan fatayer a musanya da ''[[Samosa|sambusak]]'' ; yana nufin gasasshen ko soyayyen Larabawa.   Sambusak ya fito ne daga samosa na zamanin da, wanda aka tabbatar tun farkon ƙarni na 9 a [[Iran|Farisa]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;marks2010&quot; /&gt;  A cewar masanin tarihin abinci Nawal Nasrallah, ana iya ɗaukar sambusak a matsayin nau'in ''fatayir'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;nasrallah2013&quot; /&gt;

Da farko Fatayer yana nufin burodi marar yisti, amma daga ƙarshe ya koma ga burodi mai cike da aka yi da burodi marar yisti. [1] [2] Buredi cike da kusurwoyi uku cike da cuku da ake kira mujabbanat ( Arabic ) za a iya samu a cikin wani sigar da aka ƙara wa Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq na ƙarni na 10 Kitab al-Tabikh a ƙarni na 13. Ta kuma bayyana sambusak na zamanin da a matsayin nau'ikan fatayir. [1]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>giybx4x2lwmdw3cck6hxpouapkqicj6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fakhfakhina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148931</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829042</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:12:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302432238|Fakhfakhina]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829042</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1413" sha1="k7oj1ghk5sz8l8w8v0uq8p51nyyideq" xml:space="preserve">'''Fakhfakhina''' ( Egyptian Arabic   ) salatin 'ya'yan itace ne [[Misra|na Masar]] wanda ke haɗa nau'ikan 'ya'yan itatuwa na yanayi daban-daban, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, da kuma cokali ɗaya na ice cream, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai farin jini ga Masarawa a lokacin zafi na lokacin zafi. &lt;ref name=&quot;foodaholic&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fakhfakhina – Mother of Fruit Salads |url=https://www.foodaholic.biz/fakhfakhina-mother-of-fruit-salads/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Foodaholic}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fakhfakhina – Egyptian Fruit Salad |url=https://egyptianrecipe.com/fakhfakhina-fruit-salad/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Egyptian Recipe}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Don shirya fakhfakhina, ana yanka 'ya'yan itatuwa sabo kamar mangwaro, apples, peaches, ayaba, da strawberries zuwa ƙananan 'ya'yan itace. [1] Sannan a haɗa waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa gauraye a cikin kwano. A cikin wani kwano daban, ana haɗa ruwan abarba da ruwan lemu tare. Kowace kofi ana cika ta da wani ɓangare na 'ya'yan itatuwa gauraye kuma a ɗora ta da ruwan 'ya'yan itacen. Ana shimfiɗa wani yanki na eshta a ko'ina a kan kowane kofi, kuma ana iya ƙara wasu abubuwan da za a iya ƙarawa kamar zuma da goro da aka niƙa don ƙarin ɗanɗano da laushi. [1] Wasu bambance-bambancen kuma sun haɗa da cokali ɗaya na ice cream na vanilla a saman, wanda ke ƙara wadatar kayan zaki da kyawunsa. [2]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>k7oj1ghk5sz8l8w8v0uq8p51nyyideq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>829043</id>
      <parentid>829042</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:12:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>829043</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1425" sha1="b1gc7nab7b1k05s7yprt7zbkgz4xllp" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Fakhfakhina''' ( Egyptian Arabic   ) salatin 'ya'yan itace ne [[Misra|na Masar]] wanda ke haɗa nau'ikan 'ya'yan itatuwa na yanayi daban-daban, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, da kuma cokali ɗaya na ice cream, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai farin jini ga Masarawa a lokacin zafi na lokacin zafi. &lt;ref name=&quot;foodaholic&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fakhfakhina – Mother of Fruit Salads |url=https://www.foodaholic.biz/fakhfakhina-mother-of-fruit-salads/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Foodaholic}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fakhfakhina – Egyptian Fruit Salad |url=https://egyptianrecipe.com/fakhfakhina-fruit-salad/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Egyptian Recipe}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Don shirya fakhfakhina, ana yanka 'ya'yan itatuwa sabo kamar mangwaro, apples, peaches, ayaba, da strawberries zuwa ƙananan 'ya'yan itace. [1] Sannan a haɗa waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa gauraye a cikin kwano. A cikin wani kwano daban, ana haɗa ruwan abarba da ruwan lemu tare. Kowace kofi ana cika ta da wani ɓangare na 'ya'yan itatuwa gauraye kuma a ɗora ta da ruwan 'ya'yan itacen. Ana shimfiɗa wani yanki na eshta a ko'ina a kan kowane kofi, kuma ana iya ƙara wasu abubuwan da za a iya ƙarawa kamar zuma da goro da aka niƙa don ƙarin ɗanɗano da laushi. [1] Wasu bambance-bambancen kuma sun haɗa da cokali ɗaya na ice cream na vanilla a saman, wanda ke ƙara wadatar kayan zaki da kyawunsa. [2]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>b1gc7nab7b1k05s7yprt7zbkgz4xllp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cikakken nabet</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148932</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829044</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:13:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1321416818|Ful nabet]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829044</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2834" sha1="acstchzqw7ctxe7xnkb02xnww4jn1bf" xml:space="preserve">'''Ful nabet''' ( Arabic   ) [[Miya|miyar]] [[Misra|Masar]] ce da aka yi da wake mai tsiro. Miyar tana da farin jini musamman a lokacin sanyi kuma galibi ana shirya ta ne ga marasa lafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;epicurious&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shorbet Ful Nabed |url=https://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/shorbet-ful-nabed-373285 |access-date=March 17, 2025 |website=Epicurious}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;almastryalyoum&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=طريقة عمل شوربة الفول النابت |url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/3318128 |access-date=March 17, 2025 |website=Al-Masry Al-Youm |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Ana fara shiryawa ta hanyar jiƙa busasshen wake fava a cikin ruwa na tsawon awanni 8 zuwa 12, tare da canza ruwa lokaci-lokaci don hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta, har sai sun yi girma, wani tsari wanda ke ɗaukar kimanin kwana biyu. [1] Da zarar sun yi toho, ana tafasa wake a cikin ruwa tare da albasa da cumin har sai sun yi laushi. [2] Sannan ana ƙara wa miyar gishiri, barkono baƙi, da ɗan matse ruwan lemun tsami don ƙara ɗanɗano. Ana iya ƙara karas da sauran kayan lambu a cikin miyar, gwargwadon yadda ake so. Wannan miyar mai gina jiki da daɗi galibi ana tare da eish baladi, wanda ake amfani da shi don tsomawa. [3] [4]

Domin samun ɗanɗano mai daɗi, wasu bambance-bambancen sun haɗa da amfani da ruwan kaza ko ruwan naman sa maimakon ruwa. 

== Abinci Mai Gina Jiki ==
Tsarin tsiron yana ƙara yawan sinadarin gina jiki na wake na fava, yana mai da su tushen antioxidants, furotin, zare na abinci, bitamin, da ma'adanai . Wannan ya ba wa Masar suna a matsayin abinci mai gina jiki, wanda galibi ake shirya wa waɗanda ba su da lafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;almastryalyoum&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=طريقة عمل شوربة الفول النابت |url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/3318128 |access-date=March 17, 2025 |website=Al-Masry Al-Youm |language=ar}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/3318128 &quot;طريقة عمل شوربة الفول النابت&quot;]. ''Al-Masry Al-Youm'' (in Arabic)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 17,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;epicurious&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shorbet Ful Nabed |url=https://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/shorbet-ful-nabed-373285 |access-date=March 17, 2025 |website=Epicurious}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/shorbet-ful-nabed-373285 &quot;Shorbet Ful Nabed&quot;]. ''Epicurious''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 17,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>acstchzqw7ctxe7xnkb02xnww4jn1bf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>829045</id>
      <parentid>829044</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:13:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
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      <text bytes="2846" sha1="d6lz8bi2g6rez1em30l8xfuibssda2r" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Ful nabet''' ( Arabic   ) [[Miya|miyar]] [[Misra|Masar]] ce da aka yi da wake mai tsiro. Miyar tana da farin jini musamman a lokacin sanyi kuma galibi ana shirya ta ne ga marasa lafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;epicurious&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shorbet Ful Nabed |url=https://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/shorbet-ful-nabed-373285 |access-date=March 17, 2025 |website=Epicurious}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;almastryalyoum&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=طريقة عمل شوربة الفول النابت |url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/3318128 |access-date=March 17, 2025 |website=Al-Masry Al-Youm |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Ana fara shiryawa ta hanyar jiƙa busasshen wake fava a cikin ruwa na tsawon awanni 8 zuwa 12, tare da canza ruwa lokaci-lokaci don hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta, har sai sun yi girma, wani tsari wanda ke ɗaukar kimanin kwana biyu. [1] Da zarar sun yi toho, ana tafasa wake a cikin ruwa tare da albasa da cumin har sai sun yi laushi. [2] Sannan ana ƙara wa miyar gishiri, barkono baƙi, da ɗan matse ruwan lemun tsami don ƙara ɗanɗano. Ana iya ƙara karas da sauran kayan lambu a cikin miyar, gwargwadon yadda ake so. Wannan miyar mai gina jiki da daɗi galibi ana tare da eish baladi, wanda ake amfani da shi don tsomawa. [3] [4]

Domin samun ɗanɗano mai daɗi, wasu bambance-bambancen sun haɗa da amfani da ruwan kaza ko ruwan naman sa maimakon ruwa. 

== Abinci Mai Gina Jiki ==
Tsarin tsiron yana ƙara yawan sinadarin gina jiki na wake na fava, yana mai da su tushen antioxidants, furotin, zare na abinci, bitamin, da ma'adanai . Wannan ya ba wa Masar suna a matsayin abinci mai gina jiki, wanda galibi ake shirya wa waɗanda ba su da lafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;almastryalyoum&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=طريقة عمل شوربة الفول النابت |url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/3318128 |access-date=March 17, 2025 |website=Al-Masry Al-Youm |language=ar}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/3318128 &quot;طريقة عمل شوربة الفول النابت&quot;]. ''Al-Masry Al-Youm'' (in Arabic)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 17,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;epicurious&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shorbet Ful Nabed |url=https://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/shorbet-ful-nabed-373285 |access-date=March 17, 2025 |website=Epicurious}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/shorbet-ful-nabed-373285 &quot;Shorbet Ful Nabed&quot;]. ''Epicurious''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 17,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>d6lz8bi2g6rez1em30l8xfuibssda2r</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ful medames</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348852988|Ful medames]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4913" sha1="1kklve36351hy06ta9m2mou81cuj9kc" xml:space="preserve">'''Ƙwararren lambobin yabo''' ( Arabic      ; wasu kalmomin sun haɗa da ''ful mudammas'' da ''foule mudammes'' ), ko kuma kawai '''fūl''', miyar wake ce da aka dafa da man zaitun, cumin, kuma zaɓi tare da yankakken faski, [[tafarnuwa]], [[albasa]], ruwan [[Lemun tsami|lemun]] tsami, barkono barkono da sauran kayan lambu, ganye, da kayan ƙanshi.  Ana yin Ful medames a al'ada kuma ana yin sa ne daga babban kwalban ƙarfe. &lt;ref name=&quot;EGYfavabeans&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-09-30 |title=Ful Medames - Egyptian Staple Beans of Delight |url=https://migrationology.com/ful-medames-egypts-life-line-saving-beans-of-delight/ |access-date=2021-02-22 |website=Migrationology - Food Travel Blog |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Musamman abinci ne mai mahimmanci a [[Misra|Masar]] kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin abincin ƙasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;EGYfavabeans&quot; /&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Wasu marubuta sun yi nuni da cewa an fara yin wakokin tun [[Tsohuwar Masar|zamanin daular Masar]] . 

Wasu daga cikin shaidun amfani da ful shine tarin wake busassun fava guda 2,600 da aka tono a wani wuri na Neolithic a wajen birnin Nazareth . 

An ambaci wannan abincin a cikin Talmud na Urushalima, wanda ke nuna cewa ana amfani da shi a ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya tun ƙarni na huɗu. Duk da cewa akwai hanyoyi marasa adadi na ƙawata fūl, girke-girke na asali ya kasance iri ɗaya. Da zarar an dafa fūl ɗin, ana sa gishiri a ci shi a fili ko kuma tare da man kayan lambu, man masara, man shanu, man shanu mai haske, madarar buffalo, miyar béchamel, naman sa da aka dafa ( basturma ), ƙwai da aka soya ko aka dafa, miyar tumatir, miyar tafarnuwa, tahini, ruwan lemun tsami sabo, barkono barkono, ko wasu sinadarai. [1]

A zamanin Tsakiyar Zamani, samar da ''fūl'' a [[Kairo|Alkahira]] ya kasance abin dogaro ga mutanen da ke zaune a kusa da Gimbiya Baho, wani bandaki na jama'a a wani ƙaramin fili kusa da maɓuɓɓugar jama'a ta [[Muhammad Ali Pasha|Muhammad 'Ali Pasha]] ta yau, wani yanki a arewa da minarets biyu masu kyau na Masallacin Sultan al-Muayyad a sama da ƙofar Bab Zuweila ta ƙarni na 11. A lokacin rana, masu hidimar wanka suna kunna wutar da ke dumama ''qidras'', waɗanda manyan tukwane ne na ruwan wanka. Itace ba ta da yawa, don haka ana amfani da shara a matsayin mai kuma daga ƙarshe wani juji ya tsiro a kusa da bandakuna. Lokacin da bandakuna suka rufe, jajayen garwashin wutar ya ci gaba da ƙonewa. Don cin gajiyar waɗannan gobara masu tamani, manyan ''qidras'' sun cika da wake, kuma waɗannan kasko suna ci gaba da dafawa duk dare, kuma daga ƙarshe duk rana ma, don samar da karin kumallo ga al'ummar Alkahira. Shagunan girki a duk faɗin Alkahira za su aika da mabiyansu zuwa Baho na Gimbiya don siyan ''buhunan'' su na jimla. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Professor Janet Abu-Lughod - Princeton University Press |url=http://www.cliffordawright.com/caw/food/entries/display.php/id/60/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429201143/http://www.cliffordawright.com/caw/food/entries/display.php/id/60/ |archive-date=2014-04-29 |access-date=2010-09-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1860, masanin ilimin gabas Edward William Lane ya bayyana wake da ake dafawa a cikin wani kaskon ƙasa mai siffar pear wanda &quot;a binne shi, sai dai wuya, a cikin tokar zafi ta tanda ko wanka [Turkiyya], sannan a rufe bakinsa sosai: ana cin su da man linseed, ko man shanu, kuma gabaɗaya da ɗan ruwan lemun tsami&quot;.  {{Rp|333-334}}

Ana yin Fūl ne daga ƙaramin wake mai zagaye da aka sani a Masar da ''fūl medames'' (&quot;wake mai launin ruwan kasa&quot;). Ana dafa wake har sai ya yi laushi sosai. Sauran nau'ikan wake da masu dafa abinci na Masar ke amfani da su sune ''fūl rūmī'' (&quot;Roman&quot;, wato &quot;wake mai faɗi na Turai&quot;), manyan wake fava masu siffar koda, da ''fūl baladī'' (&quot;wake na ƙasa&quot;, waɗanda girmansu matsakaici ne).  {{Rp|333-334}}''Fūl nābit'' (Coptic: ⲫⲉⲗⲉⲧⲣⲏⲧ, Feletrat) su ne fava wake sprouts, ''fūl akhḍar'' (&quot;green fūl&quot;) su ne sabo fava wake, kuma ''fūl madshūsh'' (&quot;da aka niƙa&quot;) su ne fava wake da aka niƙa.

== Wasu ƙasashe ==
[[Fayil:Ful_medames.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Abincin karin kumallo na yau da kullun kamar yadda wani mai sayar da abinci a kan titi na Masar ke yi masa hidima da burodi da kayan lambu da aka dafa, da kuma sabbin ganyen roka (arugula) a gefe.]]
[[Fayil:فول_حلبى_مقطوع.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Cike da tahini da [[man zaitun]] irin na Aleppo, an ɗora masa miyar barkono ta Aleppo]]
An fitar da kayan tarihi daga [[Misra|Masar]] zuwa wasu sassan ƙasashen Larabawa, da kuma wasu sassan Afirka da Asiya, musamman zuwa [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], [[Lebanon]], [[Siriya]], [[Jodan|Jordan]], [[Isra'ila]], [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Falasɗinu]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]], [[Yemen]], [[Baharen|Bahrain]], [[Somaliya]], [[Jibuti (ƙasa)|Djibouti]], [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Eritrea]], [[Sudan ta Kudu]], [[Sudan]], [[Moroko|Morocco]] da [[Libya]] . 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>829048</id>
      <parentid>829047</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:15:38Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
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      <text bytes="4925" sha1="kpt8j0g62n86n00kekwv9ulsezprlf7" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Ƙwararren lambobin yabo''' ( Arabic      ; wasu kalmomin sun haɗa da ''ful mudammas'' da ''foule mudammes'' ), ko kuma kawai '''fūl''', miyar wake ce da aka dafa da man zaitun, cumin, kuma zaɓi tare da yankakken faski, [[tafarnuwa]], [[albasa]], ruwan [[Lemun tsami|lemun]] tsami, barkono barkono da sauran kayan lambu, ganye, da kayan ƙanshi.  Ana yin Ful medames a al'ada kuma ana yin sa ne daga babban kwalban ƙarfe. &lt;ref name=&quot;EGYfavabeans&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-09-30 |title=Ful Medames - Egyptian Staple Beans of Delight |url=https://migrationology.com/ful-medames-egypts-life-line-saving-beans-of-delight/ |access-date=2021-02-22 |website=Migrationology - Food Travel Blog |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Musamman abinci ne mai mahimmanci a [[Misra|Masar]] kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin abincin ƙasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;EGYfavabeans&quot; /&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Wasu marubuta sun yi nuni da cewa an fara yin wakokin tun [[Tsohuwar Masar|zamanin daular Masar]] . 

Wasu daga cikin shaidun amfani da ful shine tarin wake busassun fava guda 2,600 da aka tono a wani wuri na Neolithic a wajen birnin Nazareth . 

An ambaci wannan abincin a cikin Talmud na Urushalima, wanda ke nuna cewa ana amfani da shi a ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya tun ƙarni na huɗu. Duk da cewa akwai hanyoyi marasa adadi na ƙawata fūl, girke-girke na asali ya kasance iri ɗaya. Da zarar an dafa fūl ɗin, ana sa gishiri a ci shi a fili ko kuma tare da man kayan lambu, man masara, man shanu, man shanu mai haske, madarar buffalo, miyar béchamel, naman sa da aka dafa ( basturma ), ƙwai da aka soya ko aka dafa, miyar tumatir, miyar tafarnuwa, tahini, ruwan lemun tsami sabo, barkono barkono, ko wasu sinadarai. [1]

A zamanin Tsakiyar Zamani, samar da ''fūl'' a [[Kairo|Alkahira]] ya kasance abin dogaro ga mutanen da ke zaune a kusa da Gimbiya Baho, wani bandaki na jama'a a wani ƙaramin fili kusa da maɓuɓɓugar jama'a ta [[Muhammad Ali Pasha|Muhammad 'Ali Pasha]] ta yau, wani yanki a arewa da minarets biyu masu kyau na Masallacin Sultan al-Muayyad a sama da ƙofar Bab Zuweila ta ƙarni na 11. A lokacin rana, masu hidimar wanka suna kunna wutar da ke dumama ''qidras'', waɗanda manyan tukwane ne na ruwan wanka. Itace ba ta da yawa, don haka ana amfani da shara a matsayin mai kuma daga ƙarshe wani juji ya tsiro a kusa da bandakuna. Lokacin da bandakuna suka rufe, jajayen garwashin wutar ya ci gaba da ƙonewa. Don cin gajiyar waɗannan gobara masu tamani, manyan ''qidras'' sun cika da wake, kuma waɗannan kasko suna ci gaba da dafawa duk dare, kuma daga ƙarshe duk rana ma, don samar da karin kumallo ga al'ummar Alkahira. Shagunan girki a duk faɗin Alkahira za su aika da mabiyansu zuwa Baho na Gimbiya don siyan ''buhunan'' su na jimla. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Professor Janet Abu-Lughod - Princeton University Press |url=http://www.cliffordawright.com/caw/food/entries/display.php/id/60/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429201143/http://www.cliffordawright.com/caw/food/entries/display.php/id/60/ |archive-date=2014-04-29 |access-date=2010-09-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1860, masanin ilimin gabas Edward William Lane ya bayyana wake da ake dafawa a cikin wani kaskon ƙasa mai siffar pear wanda &quot;a binne shi, sai dai wuya, a cikin tokar zafi ta tanda ko wanka [Turkiyya], sannan a rufe bakinsa sosai: ana cin su da man linseed, ko man shanu, kuma gabaɗaya da ɗan ruwan lemun tsami&quot;.  {{Rp|333-334}}

Ana yin Fūl ne daga ƙaramin wake mai zagaye da aka sani a Masar da ''fūl medames'' (&quot;wake mai launin ruwan kasa&quot;). Ana dafa wake har sai ya yi laushi sosai. Sauran nau'ikan wake da masu dafa abinci na Masar ke amfani da su sune ''fūl rūmī'' (&quot;Roman&quot;, wato &quot;wake mai faɗi na Turai&quot;), manyan wake fava masu siffar koda, da ''fūl baladī'' (&quot;wake na ƙasa&quot;, waɗanda girmansu matsakaici ne).  {{Rp|333-334}}''Fūl nābit'' (Coptic: ⲫⲉⲗⲉⲧⲣⲏⲧ, Feletrat) su ne fava wake sprouts, ''fūl akhḍar'' (&quot;green fūl&quot;) su ne sabo fava wake, kuma ''fūl madshūsh'' (&quot;da aka niƙa&quot;) su ne fava wake da aka niƙa.

== Wasu ƙasashe ==
[[Fayil:Ful_medames.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Abincin karin kumallo na yau da kullun kamar yadda wani mai sayar da abinci a kan titi na Masar ke yi masa hidima da burodi da kayan lambu da aka dafa, da kuma sabbin ganyen roka (arugula) a gefe.]]
[[Fayil:فول_حلبى_مقطوع.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Cike da tahini da [[man zaitun]] irin na Aleppo, an ɗora masa miyar barkono ta Aleppo]]
An fitar da kayan tarihi daga [[Misra|Masar]] zuwa wasu sassan ƙasashen Larabawa, da kuma wasu sassan Afirka da Asiya, musamman zuwa [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], [[Lebanon]], [[Siriya]], [[Jodan|Jordan]], [[Isra'ila]], [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Falasɗinu]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]], [[Yemen]], [[Baharen|Bahrain]], [[Somaliya]], [[Jibuti (ƙasa)|Djibouti]], [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Eritrea]], [[Sudan ta Kudu]], [[Sudan]], [[Moroko|Morocco]] da [[Libya]] . 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cuku da aka dafa</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1297768312|Fried cheese]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Fried_Cheese_Curds_Green_Bay_Wisconsin.JPG|thumb|Soyayyen cuku mai tsami]]
'''Cukuwar da aka soya''' abinci ne na [[cuku]] da aka soya a cikin mai.  Cukuwar da aka soya za a iya tsoma ta a cikin batter kafin a soya, kuma za a iya soya ta a cikin kasko ko a soya ta sosai .  Ana iya yin hidima a matsayin abincin ciye-ciye ko abun ciye-ciye .  

Ana yin amfani da cuku mai soyayye a zafi, bayan an dafa shi.    Ana iya haɗa shi da [[Miya da ake tsome|miya]] ko kuma a shafa masa miya. 

Cukuwar da aka soya abinci ne da aka saba ci a Brazil, kuma yawanci ana yin sa ne a matsayin abincin karin kumallo a Costa Rica, Cyprus, Girka, Lebanon, Syria da Turkiyya. Ana yin sa ne a matsayin abincin tapas a Spain; ƙwallon cuku da aka soya suna da delicias de queso ( lit. ' ). Ana kuma samun cukuwar soyayye a cikin abincin Italiya.

== Tarihi ==
Soyayyen cuku abinci ne da aka fi so a [[Kairo|Alkahira]] a zamanin [[Zamanin Tsakiya|Tsakiyar Zamani]], kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na abincin a ƙarƙashin [[Daular Usmaniyya|mulkin Daular Usmaniyya]] .  Tun daga lokacin, shahararsa ta ragu. 

== Jikunan abinci ==
[[Fayil:Smazeny_syr_smazeni_prvni_strana.jpg|thumb|Ana soya Smažený sýr a cikin mai]]
Ana yin soyayyen cuku mai tsami daga cuku mai tsami kuma sau da yawa ana yin sa tare da miya mai tsami. 

Cukuwar Queso frito 'soyayyen' tana da nau'ikan abinci da yawa.  Sigar Sifaniyanci wani lokacin tana amfani da paprika.  Haka kuma ana samunta a cikin abincin Tsakiyar Amurka . {{Efn|&quot;Central America (queso blanco, queso fresco, or queso frito) ...&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Losso 2016-p.369&quot;/&gt;}}

Malakoff abinci ne da aka soya a Switzerland.

Sandunan Mozzarella yanka ne na cukuwar mozzarella waɗanda aka yi musu batter ko aka shafa musu burodi sannan a soya su sosai ko kuma a soya su a cikin kaskon.  Haka kuma ana iya gasa abincin,  maimakon a soya.

Saganaki abincin cuku ne da aka soya a Girka wanda aka shirya a cikin ƙaramin kaskon jan ƙarfe. 

A Isra'ila, babbar hanyar shirya cukuwar halloumi ita ce ta hanyar soya ta da man zaitun a cikin kasko, ba kamar sauran ƙasashen da gasasshen abinci shine babbar hanyar yin hakan ba.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
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      <text bytes="2170" sha1="i1v4xqnc8rvtfu4bsp4uyafkw2uey6s" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:Fried_Cheese_Curds_Green_Bay_Wisconsin.JPG|thumb|Soyayyen cuku mai tsami]]
'''Cukuwar da aka soya''' abinci ne na [[cuku]] da aka soya a cikin mai.  Cukuwar da aka soya za a iya tsoma ta a cikin batter kafin a soya, kuma za a iya soya ta a cikin kasko ko a soya ta sosai .  Ana iya yin hidima a matsayin abincin ciye-ciye ko abun ciye-ciye .  

Ana yin amfani da cuku mai soyayye a zafi, bayan an dafa shi.    Ana iya haɗa shi da [[Miya da ake tsome|miya]] ko kuma a shafa masa miya. 

Cukuwar da aka soya abinci ne da aka saba ci a Brazil, kuma yawanci ana yin sa ne a matsayin abincin karin kumallo a Costa Rica, Cyprus, Girka, Lebanon, Syria da Turkiyya. Ana yin sa ne a matsayin abincin tapas a Spain; ƙwallon cuku da aka soya suna da delicias de queso ( lit. ' ). Ana kuma samun cukuwar soyayye a cikin abincin Italiya.

== Tarihi ==
Soyayyen cuku abinci ne da aka fi so a [[Kairo|Alkahira]] a zamanin [[Zamanin Tsakiya|Tsakiyar Zamani]], kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na abincin a ƙarƙashin [[Daular Usmaniyya|mulkin Daular Usmaniyya]] .  Tun daga lokacin, shahararsa ta ragu. 

== Jikunan abinci ==
[[Fayil:Smazeny_syr_smazeni_prvni_strana.jpg|thumb|Ana soya Smažený sýr a cikin mai]]
Ana yin soyayyen cuku mai tsami daga cuku mai tsami kuma sau da yawa ana yin sa tare da miya mai tsami. 

Cukuwar Queso frito 'soyayyen' tana da nau'ikan abinci da yawa.  Sigar Sifaniyanci wani lokacin tana amfani da paprika.  Haka kuma ana samunta a cikin abincin Tsakiyar Amurka . {{Efn|&quot;Central America (queso blanco, queso fresco, or queso frito) ...&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Losso 2016-p.369&quot;/&gt;}}

Malakoff abinci ne da aka soya a Switzerland.

Sandunan Mozzarella yanka ne na cukuwar mozzarella waɗanda aka yi musu batter ko aka shafa musu burodi sannan a soya su sosai ko kuma a soya su a cikin kaskon.  Haka kuma ana iya gasa abincin,  maimakon a soya.

Saganaki abincin cuku ne da aka soya a Girka wanda aka shirya a cikin ƙaramin kaskon jan ƙarfe. 

A Isra'ila, babbar hanyar shirya cukuwar halloumi ita ce ta hanyar soya ta da man zaitun a cikin kasko, ba kamar sauran ƙasashen da gasasshen abinci shine babbar hanyar yin hakan ba.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mai sha'awa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148935</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829052</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:18:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1317274298|Feteer]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829052</origin>
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      <text bytes="2127" sha1="shy5vbkievry8ihqx3426ej9j2ak43y" xml:space="preserve">'''Feteer''' ( Egyptian Arabic      , IPA: {{IPA|ar|fɪˈtˤiːr|}} ) wani biredi ne na gargajiya na Masar wanda aka san shi da laushi, laushi mai laushi da nau'ikan cikawa. Ya bambanta da [[feteer meshaltet]], wani biredi mai laushi, wanda galibi ana yin sa ba tare da cikawa ba. Ana cika Feteer ko kuma a saman sa, kuma saboda sauƙin daidaitawarsa a cikin sinadarai da gabatarwa, wani lokacin ana kiransa da nau'in [[pizza]] na Masar.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Amira |date=November 5, 2014 |title=Alexandrian Feteer i.e. Pizza Feteer |url=https://amiraspantry.com/alexandrian-feteer-e-pizza-feteer/ |access-date=June 26, 2018 |website=Amira's Pantry}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cikakkun abinci masu daɗi sun haɗa da nama kamar naman sa da aka niƙa, tsiran alade, sogoq na Masar ko bastirma, da kuma naman da aka yi da kayan ƙanshi irin [[Shawarma|na shawarma]] . Cikakkun abinci [[Cuku|masu ɗanɗano iri-iri]] kuma suna da shahara, galibi suna amfani da gaurayen mozzarella, cheddar, feta, ko cuku mai tsami kamar kiri . Sauran bambance-bambancen sun haɗa da haɗuwa da [[Kayan miya|kayan lambu]], namomin kaza, [[zaitun]], da barkono . 

Iri masu daɗi galibi ana cika su da sinadarai kamar cakulan, qishta, goro, [[ayaba]], zuma, ko madarar da aka yi wa zaki, kuma ana iya yayyafa su da sukari ko a yayyafa su da syrup . 

== Shiri ==
Shiri ya ƙunshi miƙe kullu har sai ya yi siriri sosai, sannan a naɗe shi akai-akai, a shafa shi da [[Ghee|man shanu]] . Wannan yana haifar da laushi, mai kauri, da kuma laushi bayan an yi burodi. Ana saka abubuwan ciko a tsakanin siririn yadudduka ko kuma a sanya su a saman biredi kafin a yi burodi, ya danganta da sakamakon da ake so. 

== Ƙasashen Waje ==
A ƙasashen duniya, an san feteer na Masar sosai, musamman a Amurka saboda kasancewar al'ummomin Masar da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje . Wasu gidajen cin abinci a birnin New York da Orlando suna hidimar abincin. [1] [2] A California, wani cibiya yana ba da kayan ciye-ciye na Masar na gargajiya, kamar sojok, da kuma kayan ciye-ciye da Amurka ta yi wahayi zuwa gare su kamar kaza barbecue ko kaza mai yaji da cukuwar kiri. [3]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829053</id>
      <parentid>829052</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:19:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>829053</origin>
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      <text bytes="2139" sha1="f32tz6jl5b30xs0qeaaaoujiphrj0n0" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Feteer''' ( Egyptian Arabic      , IPA: {{IPA|ar|fɪˈtˤiːr|}} ) wani biredi ne na gargajiya na Masar wanda aka san shi da laushi, laushi mai laushi da nau'ikan cikawa. Ya bambanta da [[feteer meshaltet]], wani biredi mai laushi, wanda galibi ana yin sa ba tare da cikawa ba. Ana cika Feteer ko kuma a saman sa, kuma saboda sauƙin daidaitawarsa a cikin sinadarai da gabatarwa, wani lokacin ana kiransa da nau'in [[pizza]] na Masar.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Amira |date=November 5, 2014 |title=Alexandrian Feteer i.e. Pizza Feteer |url=https://amiraspantry.com/alexandrian-feteer-e-pizza-feteer/ |access-date=June 26, 2018 |website=Amira's Pantry}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cikakkun abinci masu daɗi sun haɗa da nama kamar naman sa da aka niƙa, tsiran alade, sogoq na Masar ko bastirma, da kuma naman da aka yi da kayan ƙanshi irin [[Shawarma|na shawarma]] . Cikakkun abinci [[Cuku|masu ɗanɗano iri-iri]] kuma suna da shahara, galibi suna amfani da gaurayen mozzarella, cheddar, feta, ko cuku mai tsami kamar kiri . Sauran bambance-bambancen sun haɗa da haɗuwa da [[Kayan miya|kayan lambu]], namomin kaza, [[zaitun]], da barkono . 

Iri masu daɗi galibi ana cika su da sinadarai kamar cakulan, qishta, goro, [[ayaba]], zuma, ko madarar da aka yi wa zaki, kuma ana iya yayyafa su da sukari ko a yayyafa su da syrup . 

== Shiri ==
Shiri ya ƙunshi miƙe kullu har sai ya yi siriri sosai, sannan a naɗe shi akai-akai, a shafa shi da [[Ghee|man shanu]] . Wannan yana haifar da laushi, mai kauri, da kuma laushi bayan an yi burodi. Ana saka abubuwan ciko a tsakanin siririn yadudduka ko kuma a sanya su a saman biredi kafin a yi burodi, ya danganta da sakamakon da ake so. 

== Ƙasashen Waje ==
A ƙasashen duniya, an san feteer na Masar sosai, musamman a Amurka saboda kasancewar al'ummomin Masar da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje . Wasu gidajen cin abinci a birnin New York da Orlando suna hidimar abincin. [1] [2] A California, wani cibiya yana ba da kayan ciye-ciye na Masar na gargajiya, kamar sojok, da kuma kayan ciye-ciye da Amurka ta yi wahayi zuwa gare su kamar kaza barbecue ko kaza mai yaji da cukuwar kiri. [3]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Halloumi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148936</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829055</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:21:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351889881|Halloumi]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829055</origin>
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      <text bytes="5017" sha1="mpw8oeuu88uo771tylrnxtbi4ngr6be" xml:space="preserve"> 
'''Halloumi''', ko '''haloumi''', {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|h|ə|ˈ|l|uː|m|i}} {{respell|hə|LOO|mee}}; also variably spelt '''hallumi''', '''halumi''', '''halloomi''', '''haloomi''' and '''helloumi''' {{bulleted list|{{langx|el|χαλούμι|chaloúmi}} |{{langx|tr|hellim}} |{{langx|ar|حلوم|ḥalūm}} }}}} [[cuku]] ne da ya samo asali daga [[Cyprus]] . A al'ada ana yin sa ne daga cakuda madarar akuya da madarar tumaki; duk da haka, saboda dabarun masana'antu don ƙara riba, halloumi na zamani yana ƙara ƙunshe da madarar shanu.  Sau da yawa ana siffanta yanayin cukuwar a matsayin &quot;mai ƙara&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 December 2020 |title=Why does halloumi, but not other cheese, &quot;squeak&quot; against your teeth? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/lastword/mg24833113-900-why-does-halloumi-but-not-other-cheese-squeak-against-your-teeth/ |website=[[New Scientist]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana da wurin narkewa mai yawa don haka ana iya soya shi ko gasa shi cikin sauƙi, wani abu da ya sa ya zama sanannen madadin nama tsakanin masu cin ganyayyaki.  Ana amfani da Rennet (galibi mai cin ganyayyaki ko ƙwayoyin cuta) don narke madarar a lokacin samar da halloumi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=All About Halloumi Cheese |url=https://www.greekfromgreece.com/posts/all-about-halloumi-cheese |website=Greek from Greece}}&lt;/ref&gt; kodayake ba a amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta masu samar da acid a cikin shirye-shiryensa ba. 

Saboda dokar alamar kasuwanci, kafin a kira cuku &quot;halloumi&quot; a Amurka ko Tarayyar Turai, dole ne a samar da shi a Cyprus. Kasuwar halloumi ta duniya tana da kusan dala miliyan 500 a kowace shekara; Birtaniya ita ce babbar mai shigo da kaya. Halloumi tana da kashi 13.4% na fitar da kaya daga Jamhuriyar Cyprus. 

Duk da cewa tatsuniya ta danganta asalin halloumi ga Cyprus, ba a san ko an fara samar da shi a can ba; bayanan da aka tattara a tsibirin sun samo asali ne a kusan 1554.

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Sunan Ingilishi ''halloumi'' ya samo asali ne daga Greek na zamani   {{IPA|el|xaˈlumi|}}, {{Transl|el|khalloúmi}}, daga Cyprus Maronite Larabci {{Lang|acy|xallúm}}, &lt;ref name=&quot;Heritage&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=halloumi |url=https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=halloumi |website=[[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  wanda a ƙarshe ya aro kalmar daga Larabcin Masar {{IPA|ar|ħalˈluːm|}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;Heritage&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Comparative&quot; /&gt; 

Kalmar Larabci ta Masar kanta kalma ce da aka aro daga Coptic  {{Transl|cop|halōm}} ( Sahidic ) da  {{Transl|cop|alōm}} ( Bohairic ), kuma ana amfani da shi don cuku da ake ci a zamanin da na Masar .   Sunan cuku mai yiwuwa ya koma ga kalmar Demotic ''ḥlm'' '   wanda aka tabbatar a cikin rubuce-rubuce da ostraca daga Masar ta Romawa ta ƙarni na 2. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Janet |title=Chicago Demotic Dictionary - Ḥ |url=https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/CDD_H2.pdf#246 |page=246}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sunan Turkiyya na Cyprus {{Lang|tr|hellim}} ya samo asali ne daga wannan tushe, kamar yadda sunan cukuwar Masar ta zamani daban-daban {{Transl|ar|hâlûmi}} . 

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Grilled_Halloumi.jpg|left|thumb|Cukuwar halloumi da aka soya]]
Ana tsammanin cewa Bedouin ne ya fara yin Halloumi, domin halayensa da aka kiyaye sun dace da salon rayuwa na makiyaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=halloumi |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Halloumi |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar tatsuniyoyi, wani lokaci tsakanin 395 da 867 AD wani makiyayi a Cyprus ya haɗa madara daga tumaki da awaki. Daga nan makiyayin ya dumama cakuda a kan wuta, ya tace kitsen yayin da suka rabu da whey, sannan ya samar da kitsen ya zama kumfa ya bar su su huce. 

Ana samun girke-girke na haɓaka {{Transl|ar|ḥalūm}} ( '   ) ta hanyar brining a cikin littafin girke-girke na Masar na ƙarni na 14 {{Lang|ar|كنز الفوائد في تنويع الموائد}} ( {{Transl|ar|Kanz al-Fawāʾid fī Tanwīʿ al-Mawāʾid}} ). 

An rubuta bayanin halloumi da aka fi sani da ya wanzu a Cyprus a shekara ta 1554 ta Florios Voustroniou, shugaban sakatariya a gwamnatin Venetian ta Cyprus, inda aka kira shi &quot;calumi&quot;. [1] Leonardo Donato, wanda daga baya ya zama Doge na Venice, ne ya rubuta rubutun. [1] [2] A shekara ta 1788, Archimandrite Kyprianos ya ambaci cukuwar a cikin littafinsa na Tarihin Tsibirin Cyprus, inda ya kuma lura cewa an fitar da cukuwar zuwa ƙasashen waje. [1]

A al'adance, ana yin halloumi na Cyprus daga madarar akuya da/ko tumaki, domin akwai shanu kaɗan a tsibirin har sai da Turawan Birtaniya suka gabatar da su a ƙarni na 20.  Yawancin lokaci ana yin sa ne ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa da aka kafa a ƙauyuka, waɗanda galibi suka ƙunshi mata 10-15; matar da ta fi yawan awaki ita ce ta jagoranci ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=History of Halloumi |url=https://halloumi.cy/history-of-halloumi |website=Cyprus}}&lt;/ref&gt; A farkon shekarun 1940, hukumomi sun fara bayar da lasisi don samar da cuku. &lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829056</id>
      <parentid>829055</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:22:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
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      <origin>829056</origin>
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      <text bytes="5028" sha1="4hap476v03olz7arpt9242pzhe15ga4" xml:space="preserve"> {{Databox}}
'''Halloumi''', ko '''haloumi''', {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|h|ə|ˈ|l|uː|m|i}} {{respell|hə|LOO|mee}}; also variably spelt '''hallumi''', '''halumi''', '''halloomi''', '''haloomi''' and '''helloumi''' {{bulleted list|{{langx|el|χαλούμι|chaloúmi}} |{{langx|tr|hellim}} |{{langx|ar|حلوم|ḥalūm}} }}}} [[cuku]] ne da ya samo asali daga [[Cyprus]] . A al'ada ana yin sa ne daga cakuda madarar akuya da madarar tumaki; duk da haka, saboda dabarun masana'antu don ƙara riba, halloumi na zamani yana ƙara ƙunshe da madarar shanu.  Sau da yawa ana siffanta yanayin cukuwar a matsayin &quot;mai ƙara&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 December 2020 |title=Why does halloumi, but not other cheese, &quot;squeak&quot; against your teeth? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/lastword/mg24833113-900-why-does-halloumi-but-not-other-cheese-squeak-against-your-teeth/ |website=[[New Scientist]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana da wurin narkewa mai yawa don haka ana iya soya shi ko gasa shi cikin sauƙi, wani abu da ya sa ya zama sanannen madadin nama tsakanin masu cin ganyayyaki.  Ana amfani da Rennet (galibi mai cin ganyayyaki ko ƙwayoyin cuta) don narke madarar a lokacin samar da halloumi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=All About Halloumi Cheese |url=https://www.greekfromgreece.com/posts/all-about-halloumi-cheese |website=Greek from Greece}}&lt;/ref&gt; kodayake ba a amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta masu samar da acid a cikin shirye-shiryensa ba. 

Saboda dokar alamar kasuwanci, kafin a kira cuku &quot;halloumi&quot; a Amurka ko Tarayyar Turai, dole ne a samar da shi a Cyprus. Kasuwar halloumi ta duniya tana da kusan dala miliyan 500 a kowace shekara; Birtaniya ita ce babbar mai shigo da kaya. Halloumi tana da kashi 13.4% na fitar da kaya daga Jamhuriyar Cyprus. 

Duk da cewa tatsuniya ta danganta asalin halloumi ga Cyprus, ba a san ko an fara samar da shi a can ba; bayanan da aka tattara a tsibirin sun samo asali ne a kusan 1554.

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Sunan Ingilishi ''halloumi'' ya samo asali ne daga Greek na zamani   {{IPA|el|xaˈlumi|}}, {{Transl|el|khalloúmi}}, daga Cyprus Maronite Larabci {{Lang|acy|xallúm}}, &lt;ref name=&quot;Heritage&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=halloumi |url=https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=halloumi |website=[[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  wanda a ƙarshe ya aro kalmar daga Larabcin Masar {{IPA|ar|ħalˈluːm|}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;Heritage&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Comparative&quot; /&gt; 

Kalmar Larabci ta Masar kanta kalma ce da aka aro daga Coptic  {{Transl|cop|halōm}} ( Sahidic ) da  {{Transl|cop|alōm}} ( Bohairic ), kuma ana amfani da shi don cuku da ake ci a zamanin da na Masar .   Sunan cuku mai yiwuwa ya koma ga kalmar Demotic ''ḥlm'' '   wanda aka tabbatar a cikin rubuce-rubuce da ostraca daga Masar ta Romawa ta ƙarni na 2. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Janet |title=Chicago Demotic Dictionary - Ḥ |url=https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/CDD_H2.pdf#246 |page=246}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sunan Turkiyya na Cyprus {{Lang|tr|hellim}} ya samo asali ne daga wannan tushe, kamar yadda sunan cukuwar Masar ta zamani daban-daban {{Transl|ar|hâlûmi}} . 

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Grilled_Halloumi.jpg|left|thumb|Cukuwar halloumi da aka soya]]
Ana tsammanin cewa Bedouin ne ya fara yin Halloumi, domin halayensa da aka kiyaye sun dace da salon rayuwa na makiyaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=halloumi |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Halloumi |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar tatsuniyoyi, wani lokaci tsakanin 395 da 867 AD wani makiyayi a Cyprus ya haɗa madara daga tumaki da awaki. Daga nan makiyayin ya dumama cakuda a kan wuta, ya tace kitsen yayin da suka rabu da whey, sannan ya samar da kitsen ya zama kumfa ya bar su su huce. 

Ana samun girke-girke na haɓaka {{Transl|ar|ḥalūm}} ( '   ) ta hanyar brining a cikin littafin girke-girke na Masar na ƙarni na 14 {{Lang|ar|كنز الفوائد في تنويع الموائد}} ( {{Transl|ar|Kanz al-Fawāʾid fī Tanwīʿ al-Mawāʾid}} ). 

An rubuta bayanin halloumi da aka fi sani da ya wanzu a Cyprus a shekara ta 1554 ta Florios Voustroniou, shugaban sakatariya a gwamnatin Venetian ta Cyprus, inda aka kira shi &quot;calumi&quot;. [1] Leonardo Donato, wanda daga baya ya zama Doge na Venice, ne ya rubuta rubutun. [1] [2] A shekara ta 1788, Archimandrite Kyprianos ya ambaci cukuwar a cikin littafinsa na Tarihin Tsibirin Cyprus, inda ya kuma lura cewa an fitar da cukuwar zuwa ƙasashen waje. [1]

A al'adance, ana yin halloumi na Cyprus daga madarar akuya da/ko tumaki, domin akwai shanu kaɗan a tsibirin har sai da Turawan Birtaniya suka gabatar da su a ƙarni na 20.  Yawancin lokaci ana yin sa ne ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa da aka kafa a ƙauyuka, waɗanda galibi suka ƙunshi mata 10-15; matar da ta fi yawan awaki ita ce ta jagoranci ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=History of Halloumi |url=https://halloumi.cy/history-of-halloumi |website=Cyprus}}&lt;/ref&gt; A farkon shekarun 1940, hukumomi sun fara bayar da lasisi don samar da cuku. &lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gollash</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148937</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829057</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:23:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330442362|Gollash]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829057</origin>
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      <text bytes="2366" sha1="ci0wzh1q0824vj0z9ij9idnpvovnwtf" xml:space="preserve">'''Gollash''' ( Egyptian Arabic   ) abinci ne na Masar wanda ya ƙunshi layu na kullu mai laushi na phyllo wanda aka cika da cakuda nama mai daɗi, yawanci naman sa ko rago da aka niƙa, sannan a gasa har sai ya yi launin ruwan zinari. Wannan biredi na nama babban abinci ne a cikin abincin Masar kuma galibi ana yin sa a lokacin taruka da lokutta na musamman. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Goulash (Phyllo Meat Pie) |url=https://www.hungrypaprikas.com/egyptian-goulash/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Hungry Paprikas}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Kalmar ''gullāš'' tana nufin siraran burodi na phyllo da ake amfani da shi wajen shirya abincin.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=تعريف و شرح و معنى جلاش بالعربي |url=https://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4/ |access-date=20 December 2025 |website=[[Almaany]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Yana da alaƙa da Ottoman ''güllaç'' .  

== Shiri ==
Shirya gollash yana farawa da samar da wani abu mai daɗi ta hanyar soya albasa da aka yanka sosai har sai ta yi haske, sannan a ƙara naman da aka niƙa wanda aka ƙara masa kayan ƙanshi masu ɗumi kamar allspice da kirfa . Da zarar naman ya yi launin ruwan kasa ya kuma dahu sosai, sai a ajiye shi a gefe don ya huce kaɗan. [1]

Domin haɗa biredi, ana shafa [[man shanu]] ko [[Ghee|man shanu]] mai narkewa a kan layukan kullu na phyllo sannan a saka su a cikin kwano na yin burodi. Bayan an gama yin layi da yawa, ana yayyafa abin da ke cike da naman a kan kullu. Ana ƙara zanen phyllo a saman, kowanne a shafa man shanu ko man shanu. Sannan a yanka biredin da aka haɗa zuwa murabba'i ko lu'u-lu'u kafin a gasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Phyllo Meat Pie (Egyptian Goulash) |url=https://amiraspantry.com/ground-beef-goulash-phyllo-pie/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Amira's Pantry}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana zuba cakuda [[madara]] da ƙwai da aka yi da gishiri da barkono a kan biredi da aka yanka domin samar da danshi da wadata. Sannan ana gasa biredi a cikin tanda mai zafi har sai phyllo ya yi ƙyalli da launin ruwan zinari. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Phyllo Meat and Spinach Pie (Egyptian Goulash) |url=https://cookingorgeous.com/blog/borek-with-meat-and-spinach/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Cooking Gorgeous}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Gollash''' ( Egyptian Arabic   ) abinci ne na Masar wanda ya ƙunshi layu na kullu mai laushi na phyllo wanda aka cika da cakuda nama mai daɗi, yawanci naman sa ko rago da aka niƙa, sannan a gasa har sai ya yi launin ruwan zinari. Wannan biredi na nama babban abinci ne a cikin abincin Masar kuma galibi ana yin sa a lokacin taruka da lokutta na musamman. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Goulash (Phyllo Meat Pie) |url=https://www.hungrypaprikas.com/egyptian-goulash/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Hungry Paprikas}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Kalmar ''gullāš'' tana nufin siraran burodi na phyllo da ake amfani da shi wajen shirya abincin.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=تعريف و شرح و معنى جلاش بالعربي |url=https://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4/ |access-date=20 December 2025 |website=[[Almaany]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Yana da alaƙa da Ottoman ''güllaç'' .  

== Shiri ==
Shirya gollash yana farawa da samar da wani abu mai daɗi ta hanyar soya albasa da aka yanka sosai har sai ta yi haske, sannan a ƙara naman da aka niƙa wanda aka ƙara masa kayan ƙanshi masu ɗumi kamar allspice da kirfa . Da zarar naman ya yi launin ruwan kasa ya kuma dahu sosai, sai a ajiye shi a gefe don ya huce kaɗan. [1]

Domin haɗa biredi, ana shafa [[man shanu]] ko [[Ghee|man shanu]] mai narkewa a kan layukan kullu na phyllo sannan a saka su a cikin kwano na yin burodi. Bayan an gama yin layi da yawa, ana yayyafa abin da ke cike da naman a kan kullu. Ana ƙara zanen phyllo a saman, kowanne a shafa man shanu ko man shanu. Sannan a yanka biredin da aka haɗa zuwa murabba'i ko lu'u-lu'u kafin a gasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Phyllo Meat Pie (Egyptian Goulash) |url=https://amiraspantry.com/ground-beef-goulash-phyllo-pie/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Amira's Pantry}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana zuba cakuda [[madara]] da ƙwai da aka yi da gishiri da barkono a kan biredi da aka yanka domin samar da danshi da wadata. Sannan ana gasa biredi a cikin tanda mai zafi har sai phyllo ya yi ƙyalli da launin ruwan zinari. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Phyllo Meat and Spinach Pie (Egyptian Goulash) |url=https://cookingorgeous.com/blog/borek-with-meat-and-spinach/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Cooking Gorgeous}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kahk</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330346323|Kahk]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kahk''' ( Egyptian Arabic   ), da kuma '''Kahk El Eid''' ( {{Lang|arz|كحك العيد}} {{IPA|arz|ˈkæħk el ˈʕiːd|}} ), biskit ne mai zaki na ɗan gajeren burodi wanda ake ci a Masar, musamman don bikin bukukuwa kamar [[Sallar Idi ƙarama|Eid al-Fitr]] da kuma lokacin [[Kirsimeti]] da Ista .   

An rufe shi da garin sukari kuma ana iya cika shi da {{Transl|arz|ʿagameyya}} ( {{Lang|arz|عجمية}} {{IPA|arz|ʕæɡæˈmej.jæ|}}, cakuda zuma, goro, da [[ghee]] ), lokum, goro, pistachios, ko dabino, ko kuma kawai a ci su a bayyane.  Ana kyautata zaton kahk mai cike da dabino shine asalin maamoul, wani biskit makamancin haka da ake ci a cikin Levant a lokacin Idi. 

Nau'o'in kukis daban-daban an fi sanin su sosai a wasu sassan duniyar Larabawa a matsayin kaʾak ( Arabic   ), kodayake kalmar da bambance-bambancenta na iya nufin kayan gasa daban-daban dangane da yankin.

== Tarihi ==
Kalmar ''kahk'' ta fito ne daga kalmar Coptic don kek ( Sahidic Coptic:    ,  ).  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Miroshnikov |first=Ivan |last2=Salmenkivi |first2=Erja |year=2022 |title=A List of Names and Sums of Money in Sahidic Coptic (P. Ilves Copt. 12) |url=https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/apf-2022-0010/html |journal=Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=184–196}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kyautata zaton Kahk ya samo asali ne daga [[tsohuwar Masar]] .   An gano zane-zanen bango da ke nuna mutanen da ke shirya kahk a cikin burbushin haikali a [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]] da [[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]], da kuma a cikin kaburburan da suka fara daga Daular Sha Takwas, kimanin shekaru 3,500 da suka wuce. &lt;ref name=&quot;gazette-kahk&quot; /&gt; A cikin kabarin Rekhmire, an nuna tsarin yin kahk, wanda ya haɗa da haɗa zuma da man shanu, dumama cakuda a kan wuta, sannan a haɗa shi da gari don samar da kullu. An yi siffa ta kullu a kan allon allo kuma an gasa shi a cikin tanda. An samar da waɗannan biskit ɗin a cikin nau'ikan siffofi daban-daban na geometric, har ma an buga su da faifan hasken rana, alama ce da ke da alaƙa da allahn rana Ra . &lt;ref name=&quot;gazette-kahk&quot; /&gt; An kuma gasa manyan nau'ikan biredi da aka sani da ''shurik'' kuma an kawo su kaburburan kakanninsu, inda aka yi imanin cewa suna aiki azaman sihiri. 

Al'adar ta ci gaba da wanzuwa bayan zuwan Kiristanci a Masar. Tsarin adonta ya bambanta da na baya, inda gicciye ya maye gurbin hotunan rana na baya. A zamanin Musulmai na baya, an sake gabatar da hoton Aten sun Disc akan kahk, yayin da gicciyen ya kasance wani abu da aka saba gani ga Kiristocin Masar.  An yi kuma har yanzu ana yin sa a lokuta na musamman, kamar Kirsimeti, Ista da Nayrouz . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sharafeldean |first=Rehab |year=2022 |title=Liturgical Foods and Dietary Habits in Coptic Orthodox Christianity: History and Meaning |journal=The Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels |publisher=Alexandria University |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=36–50}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A zamanin daular Tulunid, masu yin burodi sun ƙirƙiri ƙirar kahk da aka rubuta da kalmomin addini kamar su ''kol wishkur'' (&quot;ku ci ku gode wa Allah&quot;). Kahk ya yi fice sosai a ƙarƙashin daular Ikhshidid ta ƙarni na 10, wanda shi ne farkon wanda ya haɗa shi a cikin bikin Eid al-Fitr. Wani jami'in Ikhshidid, Abu Bakr Mohammed bin Ali al-Madrani, ya shahara da ɓoye dinare na zinariya a cikin kahk da aka rarraba wa jama'a, wani al'ada da ta shiga cikin tatsuniyoyin Masar kuma daga baya wasu sarakuna suka yi koyi da ita. Misali, a shekara ta 1124 CE (518 AH), an ruwaito cewa khalifa [[Halifancin Fatimid|Fatimid]] ya kashe dinare 20,000 yana yin burodi da rarraba kahk cike da zinare don Eid. Girman wannan ƙoƙarin ya buƙaci shirye-shirye don farawa a watan [[Rajab]], kafin Ramadan, kuma ya haifar da kafa wani sashen gwamnati mai himma, ''Diwan al-Fitr'' . Hakazalika, an ce Khalifa Al-Aziz ya shirya tebur mai tsawon mita 1,350, cike da nau'ikan kahk da [[Qurabiya|ghorayibah]] guda 60, waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu suna ɗauke da tsabar kuɗi na zinariya. 
[[Fayil:&quot;In_the_Name_of_the_Prophet--Cakes!&quot;_(1890)_-_TIMEA.jpg|left|thumb|Misalin ƙarni na 19 na wani mai sayar da kayan kahk a Masar.]]
Gwamnatin Fatimiyya ta yi amfani da rarraba kahk a matsayin kayan aiki na jan hankalin jama'a, duka a matsayin hanyar jin daɗi, daidai da manufofin Romawa na &quot; burodi da circuses ,&quot; da kuma a matsayin hanyar farfaganda . Sau da yawa ana buga Kahk da saƙonnin da ke ƙarfafa biyayya ga gwamnati ko shugabanninta. An sami ƙwayoyin halittar zamanin Fatimiyya da ke ɗauke da rubutu kamar &quot;ku ci ku gode wa Ubangijinku&quot; ( كل وأشكر مولاك ) and &quot;na gode Hafeza&quot; ( تسلم ايديكي يا حفيظة ), na ƙarshen yana nufin wani jami'i da ke da alhakin samar da kahk. Wannan rubutun kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin misali na farko na alamar samfura. [1]

Bayan faduwar [[Halifancin Fatimid|Fatimiyawa]], daular Ayyubid ta Sunni ta hau mulki a shekarar 1174. Sultan Salah ad-Din, a ƙoƙarinsa na kawar da al'adun Fatimiyawa na Shi'a, ya yi ƙoƙarin danne al'adar cin kahk a lokacin Idi. Duk da tasirinsa mai yawa a kan al'ummar Masar, a ƙarshe bai yi nasara ba, yana mai nuna irin shaharar da kahk ta yi. A ƙarƙashin Mamluk, an farfaɗo da rarraba kahk da gwamnati ta ɗauki nauyinsa, musamman a lokacin Idi da Ista. Sarakunan Mamluk sau da yawa suna rarraba kahk ga ƙungiyoyin da aka ware kamar Sufi, ɗalibai, da talakawa, kodayake babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa sun haɗa da tsabar zinare a cikin kayan zaki. Kamar magabatansu na Fatimiyawa, Mamluk sun yi amfani da kahk a matsayin hanyar iko da zamantakewa da kuma ƙarfafa goyon bayan jama'a.  Wannan al'ada ta ci gaba a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Ottoman .  A ƙarni na 14 da 15, gasa da rarraba kahk suna da alaƙa da gudummawar sadaka da aka sani da ''awqaf'' . 

A lokacin Musulunci, an maye gurbin giciyen Kirista wanda wani lokacin ake ƙawata shi da rubuce-rubuce, siffofi na geometric, gami da hotunan faifai na rana, da kuma tsarin tsirrai masu salo. An adana wasu nau'ikan kahk na zamanin Fatimid a Gidan Tarihi na Fasahar Musulunci da ke Alkahira, inda aka san su a matsayin manyan misalai na fasahar ado ta Musulunci da [[Zanen Rubutu na Larabci|rubutun Larabci]] . 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Kahk''' ( Egyptian Arabic   ), da kuma '''Kahk El Eid''' ( {{Lang|arz|كحك العيد}} {{IPA|arz|ˈkæħk el ˈʕiːd|}} ), biskit ne mai zaki na ɗan gajeren burodi wanda ake ci a Masar, musamman don bikin bukukuwa kamar [[Sallar Idi ƙarama|Eid al-Fitr]] da kuma lokacin [[Kirsimeti]] da Ista .   

An rufe shi da garin sukari kuma ana iya cika shi da {{Transl|arz|ʿagameyya}} ( {{Lang|arz|عجمية}} {{IPA|arz|ʕæɡæˈmej.jæ|}}, cakuda zuma, goro, da [[ghee]] ), lokum, goro, pistachios, ko dabino, ko kuma kawai a ci su a bayyane.  Ana kyautata zaton kahk mai cike da dabino shine asalin maamoul, wani biskit makamancin haka da ake ci a cikin Levant a lokacin Idi. 

Nau'o'in kukis daban-daban an fi sanin su sosai a wasu sassan duniyar Larabawa a matsayin kaʾak ( Arabic   ), kodayake kalmar da bambance-bambancenta na iya nufin kayan gasa daban-daban dangane da yankin.

== Tarihi ==
Kalmar ''kahk'' ta fito ne daga kalmar Coptic don kek ( Sahidic Coptic:    ,  ).  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Miroshnikov |first=Ivan |last2=Salmenkivi |first2=Erja |year=2022 |title=A List of Names and Sums of Money in Sahidic Coptic (P. Ilves Copt. 12) |url=https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/apf-2022-0010/html |journal=Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=184–196}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kyautata zaton Kahk ya samo asali ne daga [[tsohuwar Masar]] .   An gano zane-zanen bango da ke nuna mutanen da ke shirya kahk a cikin burbushin haikali a [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]] da [[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]], da kuma a cikin kaburburan da suka fara daga Daular Sha Takwas, kimanin shekaru 3,500 da suka wuce. &lt;ref name=&quot;gazette-kahk&quot; /&gt; A cikin kabarin Rekhmire, an nuna tsarin yin kahk, wanda ya haɗa da haɗa zuma da man shanu, dumama cakuda a kan wuta, sannan a haɗa shi da gari don samar da kullu. An yi siffa ta kullu a kan allon allo kuma an gasa shi a cikin tanda. An samar da waɗannan biskit ɗin a cikin nau'ikan siffofi daban-daban na geometric, har ma an buga su da faifan hasken rana, alama ce da ke da alaƙa da allahn rana Ra . &lt;ref name=&quot;gazette-kahk&quot; /&gt; An kuma gasa manyan nau'ikan biredi da aka sani da ''shurik'' kuma an kawo su kaburburan kakanninsu, inda aka yi imanin cewa suna aiki azaman sihiri. 

Al'adar ta ci gaba da wanzuwa bayan zuwan Kiristanci a Masar. Tsarin adonta ya bambanta da na baya, inda gicciye ya maye gurbin hotunan rana na baya. A zamanin Musulmai na baya, an sake gabatar da hoton Aten sun Disc akan kahk, yayin da gicciyen ya kasance wani abu da aka saba gani ga Kiristocin Masar.  An yi kuma har yanzu ana yin sa a lokuta na musamman, kamar Kirsimeti, Ista da Nayrouz . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sharafeldean |first=Rehab |year=2022 |title=Liturgical Foods and Dietary Habits in Coptic Orthodox Christianity: History and Meaning |journal=The Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels |publisher=Alexandria University |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=36–50}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A zamanin daular Tulunid, masu yin burodi sun ƙirƙiri ƙirar kahk da aka rubuta da kalmomin addini kamar su ''kol wishkur'' (&quot;ku ci ku gode wa Allah&quot;). Kahk ya yi fice sosai a ƙarƙashin daular Ikhshidid ta ƙarni na 10, wanda shi ne farkon wanda ya haɗa shi a cikin bikin Eid al-Fitr. Wani jami'in Ikhshidid, Abu Bakr Mohammed bin Ali al-Madrani, ya shahara da ɓoye dinare na zinariya a cikin kahk da aka rarraba wa jama'a, wani al'ada da ta shiga cikin tatsuniyoyin Masar kuma daga baya wasu sarakuna suka yi koyi da ita. Misali, a shekara ta 1124 CE (518 AH), an ruwaito cewa khalifa [[Halifancin Fatimid|Fatimid]] ya kashe dinare 20,000 yana yin burodi da rarraba kahk cike da zinare don Eid. Girman wannan ƙoƙarin ya buƙaci shirye-shirye don farawa a watan [[Rajab]], kafin Ramadan, kuma ya haifar da kafa wani sashen gwamnati mai himma, ''Diwan al-Fitr'' . Hakazalika, an ce Khalifa Al-Aziz ya shirya tebur mai tsawon mita 1,350, cike da nau'ikan kahk da [[Qurabiya|ghorayibah]] guda 60, waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu suna ɗauke da tsabar kuɗi na zinariya. 
[[Fayil:&quot;In_the_Name_of_the_Prophet--Cakes!&quot;_(1890)_-_TIMEA.jpg|left|thumb|Misalin ƙarni na 19 na wani mai sayar da kayan kahk a Masar.]]
Gwamnatin Fatimiyya ta yi amfani da rarraba kahk a matsayin kayan aiki na jan hankalin jama'a, duka a matsayin hanyar jin daɗi, daidai da manufofin Romawa na &quot; burodi da circuses ,&quot; da kuma a matsayin hanyar farfaganda . Sau da yawa ana buga Kahk da saƙonnin da ke ƙarfafa biyayya ga gwamnati ko shugabanninta. An sami ƙwayoyin halittar zamanin Fatimiyya da ke ɗauke da rubutu kamar &quot;ku ci ku gode wa Ubangijinku&quot; ( كل وأشكر مولاك ) and &quot;na gode Hafeza&quot; ( تسلم ايديكي يا حفيظة ), na ƙarshen yana nufin wani jami'i da ke da alhakin samar da kahk. Wannan rubutun kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin misali na farko na alamar samfura. [1]

Bayan faduwar [[Halifancin Fatimid|Fatimiyawa]], daular Ayyubid ta Sunni ta hau mulki a shekarar 1174. Sultan Salah ad-Din, a ƙoƙarinsa na kawar da al'adun Fatimiyawa na Shi'a, ya yi ƙoƙarin danne al'adar cin kahk a lokacin Idi. Duk da tasirinsa mai yawa a kan al'ummar Masar, a ƙarshe bai yi nasara ba, yana mai nuna irin shaharar da kahk ta yi. A ƙarƙashin Mamluk, an farfaɗo da rarraba kahk da gwamnati ta ɗauki nauyinsa, musamman a lokacin Idi da Ista. Sarakunan Mamluk sau da yawa suna rarraba kahk ga ƙungiyoyin da aka ware kamar Sufi, ɗalibai, da talakawa, kodayake babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa sun haɗa da tsabar zinare a cikin kayan zaki. Kamar magabatansu na Fatimiyawa, Mamluk sun yi amfani da kahk a matsayin hanyar iko da zamantakewa da kuma ƙarfafa goyon bayan jama'a.  Wannan al'ada ta ci gaba a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Ottoman .  A ƙarni na 14 da 15, gasa da rarraba kahk suna da alaƙa da gudummawar sadaka da aka sani da ''awqaf'' . 

A lokacin Musulunci, an maye gurbin giciyen Kirista wanda wani lokacin ake ƙawata shi da rubuce-rubuce, siffofi na geometric, gami da hotunan faifai na rana, da kuma tsarin tsirrai masu salo. An adana wasu nau'ikan kahk na zamanin Fatimid a Gidan Tarihi na Fasahar Musulunci da ke Alkahira, inda aka san su a matsayin manyan misalai na fasahar ado ta Musulunci da [[Zanen Rubutu na Larabci|rubutun Larabci]] . 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hamam mahshi</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302277704|Hamam mahshi]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4136" sha1="90v7446dvedwtaaj9m9mk0dsagk2g92" xml:space="preserve">'''Hamam mahshi''' ( Arabic   ) abinci ne na gargajiya [[Misra|na Masar]] wanda ya ƙunshi tattabaru cike da cakuda hatsi, ganye, da kayan ƙanshi. Wannan abincin ya kasance babban abincin Masar tsawon ƙarni kuma galibi ana danganta shi da lokatai na musamman da taruka. &lt;ref name=&quot;atlasobscura&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hamam Mahshi - Gastro Obscura |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/foods/hamam-mahshi-pigeon-egypt |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Atlas Obscura}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A al'adun Masar, yin hidima ga hamam mahshi wata alama ce ta karimci da girmamawa, wacce galibi aka keɓe ga baƙi masu daraja da kuma bukukuwan biki, saboda shirye-shiryenta na tsanaki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Stuffed Pigeon Recipe |url=https://www.unileverfoodsolutions.eg/en/recipe/stuffed-pigeon-R0077810.html |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Unilever Food Solutions Egypt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Shiri yana farawa ne ta hanyar tsaftace tattabaru sosai, cire duk wani gashin fuka-fukan da ya rage da kuma gabobin ciki. Jiƙa tsuntsayen a cikin ruwa da gishiri da vinegar na kimanin mintuna 10 yana taimakawa wajen kawar da duk wani wari mai kama da na wasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;kensington&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hamam Mahshi Recipe (Egyptian style stuffed pigeon) |url=https://www.kensingtonmums.co.uk/hamam-mahshi-recipe-egyptian-style-stuffed-pigeon/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Kensington Mums}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cikakken abincin yawanci ya ƙunshi shinkafa da aka dafa kaɗan ko freekeh (wanda aka gasa, aka fashe, ƙaramin alkama kore) wanda aka gauraya da albasa da aka soya, yankakken kaza ko hantan tattabara, da kuma cakuda kayan ƙanshi kamar kirfa, gishiri, da barkono. Wasu bambance-bambancen sun haɗa da ƙarin sinadarai kamar goro ko ganye don ƙara ɗanɗano. [1]

Ana cika ramin kowace tattabara da kayan da aka shirya a hankali, don tabbatar da cewa ba ta cika da yawa ba don hana yage fata. Sannan ana ɗaure ramukan ta amfani da igiyar kicin ko kuma ɗan goge baki. &lt;ref name=&quot;kensington&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hamam Mahshi Recipe (Egyptian style stuffed pigeon) |url=https://www.kensingtonmums.co.uk/hamam-mahshi-recipe-egyptian-style-stuffed-pigeon/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Kensington Mums}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.kensingtonmums.co.uk/hamam-mahshi-recipe-egyptian-style-stuffed-pigeon/ &quot;Hamam Mahshi Recipe (Egyptian style stuffed pigeon)&quot;]. ''Kensington Mums''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana sanya tattabaru da aka cika a cikin tukunya da kayan ƙanshi kamar ganyen bay, barkonon barkono, da albasa da aka yanka rabi. Ana ƙara ruwa don rufe tsuntsayen, kuma ana dafa su har sai sun yi laushi. Bayan tafasa, ana iya gasa tattabaru na ɗan lokaci ko gasa su don samun fata mai ƙyalli da launin ruwan zinari. &lt;ref name=&quot;kensington&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hamam Mahshi Recipe (Egyptian style stuffed pigeon) |url=https://www.kensingtonmums.co.uk/hamam-mahshi-recipe-egyptian-style-stuffed-pigeon/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Kensington Mums}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.kensingtonmums.co.uk/hamam-mahshi-recipe-egyptian-style-stuffed-pigeon/ &quot;Hamam Mahshi Recipe (Egyptian style stuffed pigeon)&quot;]. ''Kensington Mums''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A al'ada ana yin Hamam mahshi da zafi, sau da yawa ana yin sa da burodi, salati, da tahini . &lt;ref name=&quot;kensington&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hamam Mahshi Recipe (Egyptian style stuffed pigeon) |url=https://www.kensingtonmums.co.uk/hamam-mahshi-recipe-egyptian-style-stuffed-pigeon/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Kensington Mums}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.kensingtonmums.co.uk/hamam-mahshi-recipe-egyptian-style-stuffed-pigeon/ &quot;Hamam Mahshi Recipe (Egyptian style stuffed pigeon)&quot;]. ''Kensington Mums''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Hamam mahshi''' ( Arabic   ) abinci ne na gargajiya [[Misra|na Masar]] wanda ya ƙunshi tattabaru cike da cakuda hatsi, ganye, da kayan ƙanshi. Wannan abincin ya kasance babban abincin Masar tsawon ƙarni kuma galibi ana danganta shi da lokatai na musamman da taruka. &lt;ref name=&quot;atlasobscura&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hamam Mahshi - Gastro Obscura |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/foods/hamam-mahshi-pigeon-egypt |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Atlas Obscura}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A al'adun Masar, yin hidima ga hamam mahshi wata alama ce ta karimci da girmamawa, wacce galibi aka keɓe ga baƙi masu daraja da kuma bukukuwan biki, saboda shirye-shiryenta na tsanaki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Stuffed Pigeon Recipe |url=https://www.unileverfoodsolutions.eg/en/recipe/stuffed-pigeon-R0077810.html |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Unilever Food Solutions Egypt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Shiri yana farawa ne ta hanyar tsaftace tattabaru sosai, cire duk wani gashin fuka-fukan da ya rage da kuma gabobin ciki. Jiƙa tsuntsayen a cikin ruwa da gishiri da vinegar na kimanin mintuna 10 yana taimakawa wajen kawar da duk wani wari mai kama da na wasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;kensington&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hamam Mahshi Recipe (Egyptian style stuffed pigeon) |url=https://www.kensingtonmums.co.uk/hamam-mahshi-recipe-egyptian-style-stuffed-pigeon/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Kensington Mums}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cikakken abincin yawanci ya ƙunshi shinkafa da aka dafa kaɗan ko freekeh (wanda aka gasa, aka fashe, ƙaramin alkama kore) wanda aka gauraya da albasa da aka soya, yankakken kaza ko hantan tattabara, da kuma cakuda kayan ƙanshi kamar kirfa, gishiri, da barkono. Wasu bambance-bambancen sun haɗa da ƙarin sinadarai kamar goro ko ganye don ƙara ɗanɗano. [1]

Ana cika ramin kowace tattabara da kayan da aka shirya a hankali, don tabbatar da cewa ba ta cika da yawa ba don hana yage fata. Sannan ana ɗaure ramukan ta amfani da igiyar kicin ko kuma ɗan goge baki. &lt;ref name=&quot;kensington&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hamam Mahshi Recipe (Egyptian style stuffed pigeon) |url=https://www.kensingtonmums.co.uk/hamam-mahshi-recipe-egyptian-style-stuffed-pigeon/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Kensington Mums}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.kensingtonmums.co.uk/hamam-mahshi-recipe-egyptian-style-stuffed-pigeon/ &quot;Hamam Mahshi Recipe (Egyptian style stuffed pigeon)&quot;]. ''Kensington Mums''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana sanya tattabaru da aka cika a cikin tukunya da kayan ƙanshi kamar ganyen bay, barkonon barkono, da albasa da aka yanka rabi. Ana ƙara ruwa don rufe tsuntsayen, kuma ana dafa su har sai sun yi laushi. Bayan tafasa, ana iya gasa tattabaru na ɗan lokaci ko gasa su don samun fata mai ƙyalli da launin ruwan zinari. &lt;ref name=&quot;kensington&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hamam Mahshi Recipe (Egyptian style stuffed pigeon) |url=https://www.kensingtonmums.co.uk/hamam-mahshi-recipe-egyptian-style-stuffed-pigeon/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Kensington Mums}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.kensingtonmums.co.uk/hamam-mahshi-recipe-egyptian-style-stuffed-pigeon/ &quot;Hamam Mahshi Recipe (Egyptian style stuffed pigeon)&quot;]. ''Kensington Mums''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A al'ada ana yin Hamam mahshi da zafi, sau da yawa ana yin sa da burodi, salati, da tahini . &lt;ref name=&quot;kensington&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hamam Mahshi Recipe (Egyptian style stuffed pigeon) |url=https://www.kensingtonmums.co.uk/hamam-mahshi-recipe-egyptian-style-stuffed-pigeon/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Kensington Mums}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.kensingtonmums.co.uk/hamam-mahshi-recipe-egyptian-style-stuffed-pigeon/ &quot;Hamam Mahshi Recipe (Egyptian style stuffed pigeon)&quot;]. ''Kensington Mums''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Halva</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350908204|Halva]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Halva''' ( also '''halvah''', '''halwa''', '''halua''' ;  Persian   ) wani nau'in kayan zaki ne da aka yaɗa a ko'ina cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka, [[Gabashin Afirka]], [[Gabashin Turai]], da kuma Balkans, [[Tsakiyar Asiya]], da Kudancin Asiya . Sunan yana nufin nau'ikan girke-girke iri-iri, galibi manna mai kauri da aka yi da fulawa, man shanu, mai, saffron, ruwan fure, madara, garin kurkum, da sukari. &lt;ref name=&quot;Davidson&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Alan Davidson (food writer)}}&lt;/ref&gt;   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Szokovski |first=Miriam |title=How to Make Halva at Home |url=https://www.chabad.org/recipes/recipe_cdo/aid/4451547/jewish/How-to-Make-Halva-at-Home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812163248/https://www.chabad.org/recipes/recipe_cdo/aid/4451547/jewish/How-to-Make-Halva-at-Home.htm |archive-date=August 12, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Kalmar ''halva'' ta shiga harshen Turanci tsakanin 1840 da 1850 daga Romanian, wanda ya fito daga Ottoman Turkish    , da kansa daga ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga Arabic    , wani kayan zaki mai daɗi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Marks_Encyclopedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Gil Marks}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rebello |first=Tania |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Bahraini Halwa: A Sweet Symbol of Heritage, Harmony, and Home |url=https://www.newsofbahrain.com/trends/123186.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251210083645/https://www.newsofbahrain.com/trends/123186.html |archive-date=December 10, 2025 |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=DT News (The Daily Tribune) |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tushen Arabic:    , yana nufin &quot;mai daɗi&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=American Heritage Dictionary |url=https://ahdictionary.com/word/semitic.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250405051159/https://ahdictionary.com/word/semitic.html |archive-date=April 5, 2025 |access-date=February 21, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sunan Farisa don kayan ƙanshi shine Persian    , ma'ana &quot;abincin mai&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://iranicaonline.org/ |access-date=2021-04-23 |website=iranicaonline.org |language=en-US |quote=The origin of ḥalwā in Persia dates from the pre-Islamic period. References are found in the Middle Persian text of Xōsrōv ud rēdak (ed. Monchi-zadeh, secs. 38-40) to two kinds of sweetmeats (rōγn xwardīg): (1) summer sweetmeats, such as lōzēnag (made with almond), gōzēnag (made with walnut), and čarb-angušt (made from the fat of bustard or gazelle and fried in walnut oil); and (2) winter sweetmeats, such as wafrēnagītabarzad flavored with coriander (gišnīz ačārag). Many references are found to ḥalwā in classical Persian texts, but rarely do they provide details concerning ingredients.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Halva ya samo asali ne daga Farisa ( [[Iran]] ta zamani). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://iranicaonline.org/ |access-date=2021-04-23 |website=iranicaonline.org |language=en-US |quote=The origin of ḥalwā in Persia dates from the pre-Islamic period. References are found in the Middle Persian text of Xōsrōv ud rēdak (ed. Monchi-zadeh, secs. 38-40) to two kinds of sweetmeats (rōγn xwardīg): (1) summer sweetmeats, such as lōzēnag (made with almond), gōzēnag (made with walnut), and čarb-angušt (made from the fat of bustard or gazelle and fried in walnut oil); and (2) winter sweetmeats, such as wafrēnagītabarzad flavored with coriander (gišnīz ačārag). Many references are found to ḥalwā in classical Persian texts, but rarely do they provide details concerning ingredients.}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFFoundation&quot;&gt;Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. [https://iranicaonline.org/ &quot;Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica&quot;]. ''iranicaonline.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;April 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;q&gt;The origin of ḥalwā in Persia dates from the pre-Islamic period. References are found in the Middle Persian text of Xōsrōv ud rēdak (ed. Monchi-zadeh, secs. 38-40) to two kinds of sweetmeats (rōγn xwardīg): (1) summer sweetmeats, such as lōzēnag (made with almond), gōzēnag (made with walnut), and čarb-angušt (made from the fat of bustard or gazelle and fried in walnut oil); and (2) winter sweetmeats, such as wafrēnagītabarzad flavored with coriander (gišnīz ačārag). Many references are found to ḥalwā in classical Persian texts, but rarely do they provide details concerning ingredients.&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;  A ƙarni na 9, an yi amfani da kalmar ga nau'ikan alewa da yawa, gami da semolina da aka dafa mai daɗi ko manna gari da aka saba da shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Davidson&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Alan Davidson (food writer)}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDavidson1999&quot;&gt;[[Alan Davidson (food writer)|Davidson, Alan]] (1999). [https://books.google.com/books?id=bIIeBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA378 ''The Oxford Companion to Food'']. Oxford: Oxford University press. p.&amp;nbsp;378. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-19-211579-0|&lt;bdi&gt;0-19-211579-0&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Marks_Encyclopedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Gil Marks}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMarks2010&quot;&gt;[[Gil Marks|Marks, Gil]] (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&amp;pg=PT772 &quot;Halva&quot;]. ''Encyclopedia of Jewish Food''. HMH. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780544186316|&lt;bdi&gt;9780544186316&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An rubuta girke-girke na farko na halva a cikin littafin girke-girke [[Larabci|na Larabci]] na ƙarni na 13 ''Kitab al-Tabikh'' ( ''Littafin Abinci'' ), da kuma wani littafin girke-girke da ba a san sunansa ba daga Al-Andalus na ƙarni na 13.

Athenaeus ya ambaci wani tsohon abincin Girka mai suna &quot; ''sesamidios'' &quot; ( Tsohon Girkanci : σησαμίδιός), wanda aka bayyana a matsayin kek mai siffar zobe da aka yi da zuma, soyayyen tsaban sesame, da mai; ana ɗaukar wannan abincin iri ɗaya ne da sigar halva da aka yi da tsaban sesame.  An kuma ci Halva a [[Daular Rumawa|Daular Byzantine]], inda aka tabbatar da shi sosai.  Daga baya, Turkawa na Ottoman suka karɓe shi, gami da sigar da aka yi da tsaban sesame, kuma suka bazu a cikin daularsu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Marks_Encyclopedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Gil Marks}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMarks2010&quot;&gt;[[Gil Marks|Marks, Gil]] (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&amp;pg=PT772 &quot;Halva&quot;]. ''Encyclopedia of Jewish Food''. HMH. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780544186316|&lt;bdi&gt;9780544186316&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bayanin halwa da aka yi da tsaban sesame (wanda ake kira Arabic   ) za a iya samu a cikin ƙamus na 1844 na masanin Gabas na Sweden {{Interlanguage link|Jacob Berggren|sv|Jacob Berggren}},  a cewar mujallar Al Adib, an kafa masana'antar tahini halwa tun a shekarar 1874 a [[Beirut]] . 

== Nau'o'i ==
Yawancin nau'ikan halva suna da ɗanɗanon dandano mai yawa wanda aka yi wa zaki da sukari ko zuma .  Duk da haka, yanayinsu ya bambanta. Misali, yanayin halva na [[semolina]] na iya kasancewa daga couscous mai man shanu, mai danshi, mai dunƙulewa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 3, 2021 |title=Suji ka Halwa &amp;#124; Sheera Recipe |url=https://www.vegrecipesofindia.com/sooji-halwa-recipe-rava-sheera/}}&lt;/ref&gt; zuwa wani abu mai gelatinous da translucent, yayin da halva na sesame ya bushe kuma ya fi ruɓewa. 

=== Halva mai tushen hatsi ===
[[Fayil:Un_helva.jpg|thumb|Baturke ''un helvası'', halva na tushen gari]]
Ana yin halva da aka yi da hatsi ta hanyar gasa gari ko sitaci a cikin mai, a haɗa shi da roux, sannan a dafa shi da syrup mai sukari. Ba kasafai ake amfani da masara ba.

Abincin da aka yi da alkama [[semolina]] sun haɗa da suji ka halwa a Indiya, Pakistan, Shujir Halua a Bangladesh da ''{{Lang|tr|irmik helvası}}'' a Turkiyya. A cikin duka jita-jita, ana gasa semolina a cikin mai, ko dai mai ko man shanu, sannan a gauraya da ruwa ko madara da sukari don cimma ɗanɗano da daidaiton da ake so.  Sohan halwa da aka yi da alkama a arewacin Indiya da Pakistan sanannen abinci ne da ake yi ta hanyar haɗa garin alkama da madara, sukari, man shanu mai haske, cardamom, saffron, da goro kamar almond da pistachios. Ana dafa haɗin a hankali, wanda ke ba da damar sukari ya yi caramel, wanda ke ba ''Sōhan'' ''halvā'' yanayinsa na musamman mai ƙarfi da karyewa.
[[Fayil:Multani-sohan-halwa.jpg|alt=Multani sohan halva|thumb|Multani Sōhan halvā in Pakistan.]]
Ana ɗaukar garin shinkafar halva da aka yi da madara, wanda aka fi sani da Pathein halawa, a matsayin abincin Burma da aka samo asali daga birnin Pathein .

=== Sesame ===
[[Riɗi|Sesame]] halva yana da shahara a yankin Balkans, [[Poland]], Gabas ta Tsakiya, da sauran yankunan da ke kewaye da Tekun Bahar Rum.

Babban sinadaran da ke cikin wannan kayan zaki sune man shanu ko manna na sesame ( tahini ), da sukari, glucose ko zuma. [1] Soapwort [2] [3] (wanda ake kira 'erq al halaweh a Larabci; çöven a cikin harshen Turkanci), ko kuma ana ƙara farin kwai a wasu girke-girke don daidaita mai a cikin cakuda ko ƙirƙirar yanayi na musamman don dandanon da ke fitowa. Sauran sinadarai da dandano, kamar goro na pistachio, foda koko, ruwan lemu, vanilla, ko cakulan galibi ana ƙara su a cikin tushen tahini da sukari. [1] [4]

=== Furen rana ===
[[Fayil:Sonnenblumenhalva_20091117_005.JPG|thumb|Halva [[Duba Rana|na sunflower]]]]
Halva [[Duba Rana|na sunflower]] yana da shahara a [[KKASASHEN DA SUKA SAMU YANCI DAGA TSHOHUWAR TARAYYAR SOVIET|ƙasashen tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet]] da kuma a [[Bulgeriya|Bulgaria]] da [[Romainiya|Romania]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nistor |first=E. |last2=Hoha |first2=G. |last3=Usturoi |first3=M. |last4=Alley |first4=M. S. |date=2014 |title=Comparison of three sunflower halva assortments from Romanian market |url=http://protmed.uoradea.ro/facultate/publicatii/ecotox_zooteh_ind_alim/2014B/zoot/9.Nistor%20Catalin.pdf |journal=Analele Universității din Oradea, Fascicula: Ecotoxicologie, Zootehnie și Tehnologii de Industrie Alimentară |volume=14 |issue=B |pages=329–336 |s2cid=54789320}}&lt;/ref&gt; An yi shi da gaurayen tsaban sunflower da aka niƙa maimakon sesame. Yana iya haɗawa da wasu sinadarai, kamar goro, garin koko, ko vanilla.  &lt;ref name=&quot;gosstandart&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Халва |url=http://gosstandart.info/produkty-pitaniya/konditerskie-izdeliya/halva/ |publisher=ГОССТАНДАРТ}} {{Cite web |title=Halva |url=http://gosstandart.info/produkty-pitaniya/konditerskie-izdeliya/halva/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113041957/http://gosstandart.info/produkty-pitaniya/konditerskie-izdeliya/halva/ |archive-date=January 13, 2021 |access-date=May 1, 2019 |publisher=GOSSTANDART |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1996, Ukraine tana samar da kimanin tan dubu 4-5 na sunflower halva kowace shekara. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Halva''' ( also '''halvah''', '''halwa''', '''halua''' ;  Persian   ) wani nau'in kayan zaki ne da aka yaɗa a ko'ina cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka, [[Gabashin Afirka]], [[Gabashin Turai]], da kuma Balkans, [[Tsakiyar Asiya]], da Kudancin Asiya . Sunan yana nufin nau'ikan girke-girke iri-iri, galibi manna mai kauri da aka yi da fulawa, man shanu, mai, saffron, ruwan fure, madara, garin kurkum, da sukari. &lt;ref name=&quot;Davidson&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Alan Davidson (food writer)}}&lt;/ref&gt;   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Szokovski |first=Miriam |title=How to Make Halva at Home |url=https://www.chabad.org/recipes/recipe_cdo/aid/4451547/jewish/How-to-Make-Halva-at-Home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812163248/https://www.chabad.org/recipes/recipe_cdo/aid/4451547/jewish/How-to-Make-Halva-at-Home.htm |archive-date=August 12, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Kalmar ''halva'' ta shiga harshen Turanci tsakanin 1840 da 1850 daga Romanian, wanda ya fito daga Ottoman Turkish    , da kansa daga ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga Arabic    , wani kayan zaki mai daɗi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Marks_Encyclopedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Gil Marks}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rebello |first=Tania |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Bahraini Halwa: A Sweet Symbol of Heritage, Harmony, and Home |url=https://www.newsofbahrain.com/trends/123186.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251210083645/https://www.newsofbahrain.com/trends/123186.html |archive-date=December 10, 2025 |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=DT News (The Daily Tribune) |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tushen Arabic:    , yana nufin &quot;mai daɗi&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=American Heritage Dictionary |url=https://ahdictionary.com/word/semitic.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250405051159/https://ahdictionary.com/word/semitic.html |archive-date=April 5, 2025 |access-date=February 21, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sunan Farisa don kayan ƙanshi shine Persian    , ma'ana &quot;abincin mai&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://iranicaonline.org/ |access-date=2021-04-23 |website=iranicaonline.org |language=en-US |quote=The origin of ḥalwā in Persia dates from the pre-Islamic period. References are found in the Middle Persian text of Xōsrōv ud rēdak (ed. Monchi-zadeh, secs. 38-40) to two kinds of sweetmeats (rōγn xwardīg): (1) summer sweetmeats, such as lōzēnag (made with almond), gōzēnag (made with walnut), and čarb-angušt (made from the fat of bustard or gazelle and fried in walnut oil); and (2) winter sweetmeats, such as wafrēnagītabarzad flavored with coriander (gišnīz ačārag). Many references are found to ḥalwā in classical Persian texts, but rarely do they provide details concerning ingredients.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Halva ya samo asali ne daga Farisa ( [[Iran]] ta zamani). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://iranicaonline.org/ |access-date=2021-04-23 |website=iranicaonline.org |language=en-US |quote=The origin of ḥalwā in Persia dates from the pre-Islamic period. References are found in the Middle Persian text of Xōsrōv ud rēdak (ed. Monchi-zadeh, secs. 38-40) to two kinds of sweetmeats (rōγn xwardīg): (1) summer sweetmeats, such as lōzēnag (made with almond), gōzēnag (made with walnut), and čarb-angušt (made from the fat of bustard or gazelle and fried in walnut oil); and (2) winter sweetmeats, such as wafrēnagītabarzad flavored with coriander (gišnīz ačārag). Many references are found to ḥalwā in classical Persian texts, but rarely do they provide details concerning ingredients.}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFFoundation&quot;&gt;Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. [https://iranicaonline.org/ &quot;Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica&quot;]. ''iranicaonline.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;April 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;q&gt;The origin of ḥalwā in Persia dates from the pre-Islamic period. References are found in the Middle Persian text of Xōsrōv ud rēdak (ed. Monchi-zadeh, secs. 38-40) to two kinds of sweetmeats (rōγn xwardīg): (1) summer sweetmeats, such as lōzēnag (made with almond), gōzēnag (made with walnut), and čarb-angušt (made from the fat of bustard or gazelle and fried in walnut oil); and (2) winter sweetmeats, such as wafrēnagītabarzad flavored with coriander (gišnīz ačārag). Many references are found to ḥalwā in classical Persian texts, but rarely do they provide details concerning ingredients.&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;  A ƙarni na 9, an yi amfani da kalmar ga nau'ikan alewa da yawa, gami da semolina da aka dafa mai daɗi ko manna gari da aka saba da shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Davidson&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Alan Davidson (food writer)}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDavidson1999&quot;&gt;[[Alan Davidson (food writer)|Davidson, Alan]] (1999). [https://books.google.com/books?id=bIIeBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA378 ''The Oxford Companion to Food'']. Oxford: Oxford University press. p.&amp;nbsp;378. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-19-211579-0|&lt;bdi&gt;0-19-211579-0&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Marks_Encyclopedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Gil Marks}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMarks2010&quot;&gt;[[Gil Marks|Marks, Gil]] (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&amp;pg=PT772 &quot;Halva&quot;]. ''Encyclopedia of Jewish Food''. HMH. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780544186316|&lt;bdi&gt;9780544186316&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An rubuta girke-girke na farko na halva a cikin littafin girke-girke [[Larabci|na Larabci]] na ƙarni na 13 ''Kitab al-Tabikh'' ( ''Littafin Abinci'' ), da kuma wani littafin girke-girke da ba a san sunansa ba daga Al-Andalus na ƙarni na 13.

Athenaeus ya ambaci wani tsohon abincin Girka mai suna &quot; ''sesamidios'' &quot; ( Tsohon Girkanci : σησαμίδιός), wanda aka bayyana a matsayin kek mai siffar zobe da aka yi da zuma, soyayyen tsaban sesame, da mai; ana ɗaukar wannan abincin iri ɗaya ne da sigar halva da aka yi da tsaban sesame.  An kuma ci Halva a [[Daular Rumawa|Daular Byzantine]], inda aka tabbatar da shi sosai.  Daga baya, Turkawa na Ottoman suka karɓe shi, gami da sigar da aka yi da tsaban sesame, kuma suka bazu a cikin daularsu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Marks_Encyclopedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Gil Marks}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMarks2010&quot;&gt;[[Gil Marks|Marks, Gil]] (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&amp;pg=PT772 &quot;Halva&quot;]. ''Encyclopedia of Jewish Food''. HMH. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780544186316|&lt;bdi&gt;9780544186316&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bayanin halwa da aka yi da tsaban sesame (wanda ake kira Arabic   ) za a iya samu a cikin ƙamus na 1844 na masanin Gabas na Sweden {{Interlanguage link|Jacob Berggren|sv|Jacob Berggren}},  a cewar mujallar Al Adib, an kafa masana'antar tahini halwa tun a shekarar 1874 a [[Beirut]] . 

== Nau'o'i ==
Yawancin nau'ikan halva suna da ɗanɗanon dandano mai yawa wanda aka yi wa zaki da sukari ko zuma .  Duk da haka, yanayinsu ya bambanta. Misali, yanayin halva na [[semolina]] na iya kasancewa daga couscous mai man shanu, mai danshi, mai dunƙulewa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 3, 2021 |title=Suji ka Halwa &amp;#124; Sheera Recipe |url=https://www.vegrecipesofindia.com/sooji-halwa-recipe-rava-sheera/}}&lt;/ref&gt; zuwa wani abu mai gelatinous da translucent, yayin da halva na sesame ya bushe kuma ya fi ruɓewa. 

=== Halva mai tushen hatsi ===
[[Fayil:Un_helva.jpg|thumb|Baturke ''un helvası'', halva na tushen gari]]
Ana yin halva da aka yi da hatsi ta hanyar gasa gari ko sitaci a cikin mai, a haɗa shi da roux, sannan a dafa shi da syrup mai sukari. Ba kasafai ake amfani da masara ba.

Abincin da aka yi da alkama [[semolina]] sun haɗa da suji ka halwa a Indiya, Pakistan, Shujir Halua a Bangladesh da ''{{Lang|tr|irmik helvası}}'' a Turkiyya. A cikin duka jita-jita, ana gasa semolina a cikin mai, ko dai mai ko man shanu, sannan a gauraya da ruwa ko madara da sukari don cimma ɗanɗano da daidaiton da ake so.  Sohan halwa da aka yi da alkama a arewacin Indiya da Pakistan sanannen abinci ne da ake yi ta hanyar haɗa garin alkama da madara, sukari, man shanu mai haske, cardamom, saffron, da goro kamar almond da pistachios. Ana dafa haɗin a hankali, wanda ke ba da damar sukari ya yi caramel, wanda ke ba ''Sōhan'' ''halvā'' yanayinsa na musamman mai ƙarfi da karyewa.
[[Fayil:Multani-sohan-halwa.jpg|alt=Multani sohan halva|thumb|Multani Sōhan halvā in Pakistan.]]
Ana ɗaukar garin shinkafar halva da aka yi da madara, wanda aka fi sani da Pathein halawa, a matsayin abincin Burma da aka samo asali daga birnin Pathein .

=== Sesame ===
[[Riɗi|Sesame]] halva yana da shahara a yankin Balkans, [[Poland]], Gabas ta Tsakiya, da sauran yankunan da ke kewaye da Tekun Bahar Rum.

Babban sinadaran da ke cikin wannan kayan zaki sune man shanu ko manna na sesame ( tahini ), da sukari, glucose ko zuma. [1] Soapwort [2] [3] (wanda ake kira 'erq al halaweh a Larabci; çöven a cikin harshen Turkanci), ko kuma ana ƙara farin kwai a wasu girke-girke don daidaita mai a cikin cakuda ko ƙirƙirar yanayi na musamman don dandanon da ke fitowa. Sauran sinadarai da dandano, kamar goro na pistachio, foda koko, ruwan lemu, vanilla, ko cakulan galibi ana ƙara su a cikin tushen tahini da sukari. [1] [4]

=== Furen rana ===
[[Fayil:Sonnenblumenhalva_20091117_005.JPG|thumb|Halva [[Duba Rana|na sunflower]]]]
Halva [[Duba Rana|na sunflower]] yana da shahara a [[KKASASHEN DA SUKA SAMU YANCI DAGA TSHOHUWAR TARAYYAR SOVIET|ƙasashen tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet]] da kuma a [[Bulgeriya|Bulgaria]] da [[Romainiya|Romania]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nistor |first=E. |last2=Hoha |first2=G. |last3=Usturoi |first3=M. |last4=Alley |first4=M. S. |date=2014 |title=Comparison of three sunflower halva assortments from Romanian market |url=http://protmed.uoradea.ro/facultate/publicatii/ecotox_zooteh_ind_alim/2014B/zoot/9.Nistor%20Catalin.pdf |journal=Analele Universității din Oradea, Fascicula: Ecotoxicologie, Zootehnie și Tehnologii de Industrie Alimentară |volume=14 |issue=B |pages=329–336 |s2cid=54789320}}&lt;/ref&gt; An yi shi da gaurayen tsaban sunflower da aka niƙa maimakon sesame. Yana iya haɗawa da wasu sinadarai, kamar goro, garin koko, ko vanilla.  &lt;ref name=&quot;gosstandart&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Халва |url=http://gosstandart.info/produkty-pitaniya/konditerskie-izdeliya/halva/ |publisher=ГОССТАНДАРТ}} {{Cite web |title=Halva |url=http://gosstandart.info/produkty-pitaniya/konditerskie-izdeliya/halva/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113041957/http://gosstandart.info/produkty-pitaniya/konditerskie-izdeliya/halva/ |archive-date=January 13, 2021 |access-date=May 1, 2019 |publisher=GOSSTANDART |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1996, Ukraine tana samar da kimanin tan dubu 4-5 na sunflower halva kowace shekara. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Kersha</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1325389172|Kersha]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2329" sha1="8n8injq383l68bpv4kvff45uprbwyql" xml:space="preserve">'''Kersha''' ( Egyptian Arabic   ) miyar [[Misra|Masar]] ce da aka yi da naman sa tripe, musamman ma cikin shanu. &lt;ref name=&quot;lubna&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Tripe Stew (Kersha) |url=https://lubnascookbook.com/2019/07/18/egyptian-tripe-stew-kersha/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Lubna's Culinary Adventures}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Shirya kersha yana farawa da tsaftace naman sa sosai don cire duk wani datti. Ana jiƙa tripe ɗin a cikin cakuda ruwa, vinegar, da gishiri don kawar da ƙamshi da kuma tabbatar da tsafta. Bayan jiƙa, ana wanke tripe ɗin kuma a tafasa na ɗan lokaci don ya yi laushi. A cikin tukunya daban, ana soya [[albasa]] da [[tafarnuwa]] da aka yanka a cikin mai har sai sun yi launin zinari. Sannan ana ƙara tripe ɗin da aka tsaftace kuma aka yanke a cikin tukunya sannan a soya har sai ya fara launin ruwan kasa. Ana haɗa kayan ƙanshi kamar barkono baƙi, cumin, da coriander don ƙara ɗanɗano. Ana ƙara yankakken tumatir ko manna tumatir, tare da ruwa ko broth, don ƙirƙirar miya mai kyau. Ana dafa stew ɗin har sai tripe ɗin ya yi laushi kuma ya sha ɗanɗanon miya. A al'ada ana yin hidima da Kersha da zafi, tare da shinkafa ko burodi. &lt;ref name=&quot;lubna&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Tripe Stew (Kersha) |url=https://lubnascookbook.com/2019/07/18/egyptian-tripe-stew-kersha/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Lubna's Culinary Adventures}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://lubnascookbook.com/2019/07/18/egyptian-tripe-stew-kersha/ &quot;Egyptian Tripe Stew (Kersha)&quot;]. ''Lubna's Culinary Adventures''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 16,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=سر الصنعة .. طريقة عمل الكرشة المصرية |url=https://www.elbalad.news/5622128 |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=El Balad News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bambancin wannan abincin na iya haɗawa da ƙara waƙar chickpeas, wadda ake dafawa tare da tripe don ƙara laushin stew da ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki. Hakanan ana iya daidaita kayan ƙanshin zuwa ga abin da mutum yake so, tare da wasu girke-girke da ke haɗa da barkono flakes don ƙara zafi. Ba da kersha tare da eish baladi ko a kan shinkafa al'ada ce. [1]

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Kersha''' ( Egyptian Arabic   ) miyar [[Misra|Masar]] ce da aka yi da naman sa tripe, musamman ma cikin shanu. &lt;ref name=&quot;lubna&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Tripe Stew (Kersha) |url=https://lubnascookbook.com/2019/07/18/egyptian-tripe-stew-kersha/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Lubna's Culinary Adventures}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Shirya kersha yana farawa da tsaftace naman sa sosai don cire duk wani datti. Ana jiƙa tripe ɗin a cikin cakuda ruwa, vinegar, da gishiri don kawar da ƙamshi da kuma tabbatar da tsafta. Bayan jiƙa, ana wanke tripe ɗin kuma a tafasa na ɗan lokaci don ya yi laushi. A cikin tukunya daban, ana soya [[albasa]] da [[tafarnuwa]] da aka yanka a cikin mai har sai sun yi launin zinari. Sannan ana ƙara tripe ɗin da aka tsaftace kuma aka yanke a cikin tukunya sannan a soya har sai ya fara launin ruwan kasa. Ana haɗa kayan ƙanshi kamar barkono baƙi, cumin, da coriander don ƙara ɗanɗano. Ana ƙara yankakken tumatir ko manna tumatir, tare da ruwa ko broth, don ƙirƙirar miya mai kyau. Ana dafa stew ɗin har sai tripe ɗin ya yi laushi kuma ya sha ɗanɗanon miya. A al'ada ana yin hidima da Kersha da zafi, tare da shinkafa ko burodi. &lt;ref name=&quot;lubna&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Tripe Stew (Kersha) |url=https://lubnascookbook.com/2019/07/18/egyptian-tripe-stew-kersha/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Lubna's Culinary Adventures}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://lubnascookbook.com/2019/07/18/egyptian-tripe-stew-kersha/ &quot;Egyptian Tripe Stew (Kersha)&quot;]. ''Lubna's Culinary Adventures''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 16,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=سر الصنعة .. طريقة عمل الكرشة المصرية |url=https://www.elbalad.news/5622128 |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=El Balad News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bambancin wannan abincin na iya haɗawa da ƙara waƙar chickpeas, wadda ake dafawa tare da tripe don ƙara laushin stew da ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki. Hakanan ana iya daidaita kayan ƙanshin zuwa ga abin da mutum yake so, tare da wasu girke-girke da ke haɗa da barkono flakes don ƙara zafi. Ba da kersha tare da eish baladi ko a kan shinkafa al'ada ce. [1]

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kharob</title>
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        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1315208136|Kharob]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kharob''' ( Arabic   ) wani abin sha ne na gargajiya da ake sha a [[Misra|Masar]] da Levant, musamman a watan Ramadan . An yi shi ne da 'ya'yan itacen carob, ana bikin wannan abin sha saboda ɗanɗanon sa na halitta mai daɗi, mai kama da cakulan da kuma fa'idodin da ake da su a fannin lafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;tasteofbeirut&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Carob Juice |url=https://www.tasteofbeirut.com/carob-juice/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Taste of Beirut}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai wasu shaidu da ke nuna cewa an sha wannan abin sha a [[Tsohuwar Masar|zamanin da]], kuma ana amfani da carob a matsayin mai zaki a wasu abubuwan sha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=From Staples to Luxuries |url=https://rawi-publishing.com/articles/from-staples-to-luxuries?lang=en |access-date=March 17, 2025 |website=Rawi Publishing}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
A ƙasar Masar, ana shirya kharob ta hanyar wankewa da kuma raba ƙananan ƙwayoyin carob zuwa ƙananan guda. Sannan ana gasa waɗannan guntun har sai sun fitar da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. A cikin tukunya daban, ana ƙara sukari a kan wuta mai zafi har sai ya kai launin ruwan zinari. Ana ƙara guntun carob da aka gasa a cikin sukari mai caramelized, sannan a ci gaba da jujjuyawar haɗin. Ana ƙara ruwa a hankali, yana tabbatar da cewa sukari ya narke gaba ɗaya. Ana tafasa haɗin sannan a bar shi ya dahu na ɗan lokaci. Bayan ya huce zuwa zafin ɗaki, ana sanya shi a firiji na tsawon awanni da yawa. Da zarar ya huce, ana tace haɗin don cire ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke haifar da abin sha mai santsi da wartsakewa. [1]

A madadin haka, idan babu cikakken carob pods, ana amfani da carob molasses a Lebanon. Ta hanyar narkar da cokali ɗaya na carob molasses a cikin ruwa da kuma ƙara cokali ɗaya na sukari mai launin ruwan kasa, ana iya shirya sigar abin sha mai sauri da daɗi. &lt;ref name=&quot;tasteofbeirut&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Carob Juice |url=https://www.tasteofbeirut.com/carob-juice/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Taste of Beirut}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.tasteofbeirut.com/carob-juice/ &quot;Carob Juice&quot;]. ''Taste of Beirut''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 16,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba wai kawai ana daraja Kharob saboda ɗanɗanonsa ba, har ma da kaddarorinsa na gina jiki. Ya ƙunshi zare, antioxidants, kuma ba shi da caffeine, yana aiki azaman madadin lafiya ga sauran abubuwan sha masu sukari. Zaƙinsa na halitta da fa'idodinsa na lafiya sun sa ya zama abin sha'awa a Masar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Carob (Locust Bean) Drink |url=https://egyptian-cuisine-recipes.com/recipes/beverages/carob-locust-bean-drink-kharroob.html |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Egyptian Cuisine Recipes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829070</id>
      <parentid>829069</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:42:40Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
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      <text bytes="2749" sha1="38m92n31obokqiqks8cw8qn5ljim83y" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kharob''' ( Arabic   ) wani abin sha ne na gargajiya da ake sha a [[Misra|Masar]] da Levant, musamman a watan Ramadan . An yi shi ne da 'ya'yan itacen carob, ana bikin wannan abin sha saboda ɗanɗanon sa na halitta mai daɗi, mai kama da cakulan da kuma fa'idodin da ake da su a fannin lafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;tasteofbeirut&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Carob Juice |url=https://www.tasteofbeirut.com/carob-juice/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Taste of Beirut}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai wasu shaidu da ke nuna cewa an sha wannan abin sha a [[Tsohuwar Masar|zamanin da]], kuma ana amfani da carob a matsayin mai zaki a wasu abubuwan sha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=From Staples to Luxuries |url=https://rawi-publishing.com/articles/from-staples-to-luxuries?lang=en |access-date=March 17, 2025 |website=Rawi Publishing}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
A ƙasar Masar, ana shirya kharob ta hanyar wankewa da kuma raba ƙananan ƙwayoyin carob zuwa ƙananan guda. Sannan ana gasa waɗannan guntun har sai sun fitar da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. A cikin tukunya daban, ana ƙara sukari a kan wuta mai zafi har sai ya kai launin ruwan zinari. Ana ƙara guntun carob da aka gasa a cikin sukari mai caramelized, sannan a ci gaba da jujjuyawar haɗin. Ana ƙara ruwa a hankali, yana tabbatar da cewa sukari ya narke gaba ɗaya. Ana tafasa haɗin sannan a bar shi ya dahu na ɗan lokaci. Bayan ya huce zuwa zafin ɗaki, ana sanya shi a firiji na tsawon awanni da yawa. Da zarar ya huce, ana tace haɗin don cire ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke haifar da abin sha mai santsi da wartsakewa. [1]

A madadin haka, idan babu cikakken carob pods, ana amfani da carob molasses a Lebanon. Ta hanyar narkar da cokali ɗaya na carob molasses a cikin ruwa da kuma ƙara cokali ɗaya na sukari mai launin ruwan kasa, ana iya shirya sigar abin sha mai sauri da daɗi. &lt;ref name=&quot;tasteofbeirut&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Carob Juice |url=https://www.tasteofbeirut.com/carob-juice/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Taste of Beirut}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.tasteofbeirut.com/carob-juice/ &quot;Carob Juice&quot;]. ''Taste of Beirut''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 16,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba wai kawai ana daraja Kharob saboda ɗanɗanonsa ba, har ma da kaddarorinsa na gina jiki. Ya ƙunshi zare, antioxidants, kuma ba shi da caffeine, yana aiki azaman madadin lafiya ga sauran abubuwan sha masu sukari. Zaƙinsa na halitta da fa'idodinsa na lafiya sun sa ya zama abin sha'awa a Masar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Carob (Locust Bean) Drink |url=https://egyptian-cuisine-recipes.com/recipes/beverages/carob-locust-bean-drink-kharroob.html |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Egyptian Cuisine Recipes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kaware'</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>829075</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:50:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326967017|Kawareʻ]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3310" sha1="tb03ypfj9vdhg8zk9rqg1hy32n8us8k" xml:space="preserve">'''Kawareʻ''' ( Arabic   ) abinci ne na Masar da aka yi da trotters na shanu da aka dafa a hankali, wanda ke haifar da miya mai daɗi da kuma mai daɗi . Abincin da ake so ne saboda ɗanɗanonsa mai zurfi kuma galibi ana jin daɗinsa a lokutan bukukuwa, ko dai a matsayin miya ko kuma ana iya cire trotters daga cikin miya a yi hidima da [[Rashin Rayuwa|fatta]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;anahwa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=أكلة الكوارع المصرية.. فوائدها وطريقة تحضيرها |url=https://www.anahwa.com/364471 |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Ana Hwa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
[[Fayil:كوارع1.jpg|left|thumb|253x253px|Shiri na kawareʻ]]
Shirya kawareʻ yana farawa da tsaftace trotters sosai don cire duk wani datti. Sannan a tafasa su da ruwa da kayan ƙanshi kamar [[albasa]], [[ganyen bay]], [[cardamom]], [[Kaninfari|cloves]], da barkono baƙi don ƙara wa broth ɗin ɗanɗano mai ƙarfi. Tsarin girki yana da jinkiri kuma yana iya ɗaukar awanni da yawa, yana barin collagen da ke cikin trotters ya lalace ya kuma samar da laushi mai kyau a cikin miya. Da zarar trotters ɗin sun yi laushi, yawanci ana ƙara wa miyar gishiri kuma ana iya ƙarawa da ɗanɗanon [[lemun tsami]] don ƙara ɗanɗano. Ana yin Kawareʻ da zafi, tare da [[Rashin Rayuwa|fatta]] ko kawai eish baladi, wanda ke sa abinci mai gina jiki da gamsarwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;anahwa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=أكلة الكوارع المصرية.. فوائدها وطريقة تحضيرها |url=https://www.anahwa.com/364471 |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Ana Hwa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.anahwa.com/364471 &quot;أكلة الكوارع المصرية.. فوائدها وطريقة تحضيرها&quot;]. ''Ana Hwa''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=الكوارع أكلة شعبية مصرية بطريقة ماما مناسبة لأجواء الشتاء مغذية |url=https://cookpad.com/sa/وصفات/14287518-الكوارع-اكلة-شعبية-مصرية-بطريقة-ماما-مناسبة-لأجواء-الشتاء-مغذية |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Cookpad}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A al'adun Masar, ana ɗaukar kawareʻ a matsayin abinci mai gina jiki sosai, wanda aka yi imanin yana ba da fa'idodi ga lafiya kamar ƙarfafa gidajen abinci saboda yawan sinadarin gelatin da ke cikinsa. [1] Yana da shahara musamman a lokacin hunturu, yana ba da ɗumi da abinci mai gina jiki.

Abincin yana da matsayi na musamman a cikin abincin Masar, wanda galibi ana danganta shi da tarurrukan iyali da bukukuwa. Ɗanɗanonsa mai kyau da mahimmancin al'adu sun sa ya zama abincin da ake so a tsakanin Masarawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;anahwa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=أكلة الكوارع المصرية.. فوائدها وطريقة تحضيرها |url=https://www.anahwa.com/364471 |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Ana Hwa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.anahwa.com/364471 &quot;أكلة الكوارع المصرية.. فوائدها وطريقة تحضيرها&quot;]. ''Ana Hwa''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
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      <text bytes="3322" sha1="mgyd1064g6n9r7nsi8j1stdu480qx8k" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kawareʻ''' ( Arabic   ) abinci ne na Masar da aka yi da trotters na shanu da aka dafa a hankali, wanda ke haifar da miya mai daɗi da kuma mai daɗi . Abincin da ake so ne saboda ɗanɗanonsa mai zurfi kuma galibi ana jin daɗinsa a lokutan bukukuwa, ko dai a matsayin miya ko kuma ana iya cire trotters daga cikin miya a yi hidima da [[Rashin Rayuwa|fatta]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;anahwa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=أكلة الكوارع المصرية.. فوائدها وطريقة تحضيرها |url=https://www.anahwa.com/364471 |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Ana Hwa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
[[Fayil:كوارع1.jpg|left|thumb|253x253px|Shiri na kawareʻ]]
Shirya kawareʻ yana farawa da tsaftace trotters sosai don cire duk wani datti. Sannan a tafasa su da ruwa da kayan ƙanshi kamar [[albasa]], [[ganyen bay]], [[cardamom]], [[Kaninfari|cloves]], da barkono baƙi don ƙara wa broth ɗin ɗanɗano mai ƙarfi. Tsarin girki yana da jinkiri kuma yana iya ɗaukar awanni da yawa, yana barin collagen da ke cikin trotters ya lalace ya kuma samar da laushi mai kyau a cikin miya. Da zarar trotters ɗin sun yi laushi, yawanci ana ƙara wa miyar gishiri kuma ana iya ƙarawa da ɗanɗanon [[lemun tsami]] don ƙara ɗanɗano. Ana yin Kawareʻ da zafi, tare da [[Rashin Rayuwa|fatta]] ko kawai eish baladi, wanda ke sa abinci mai gina jiki da gamsarwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;anahwa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=أكلة الكوارع المصرية.. فوائدها وطريقة تحضيرها |url=https://www.anahwa.com/364471 |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Ana Hwa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.anahwa.com/364471 &quot;أكلة الكوارع المصرية.. فوائدها وطريقة تحضيرها&quot;]. ''Ana Hwa''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=الكوارع أكلة شعبية مصرية بطريقة ماما مناسبة لأجواء الشتاء مغذية |url=https://cookpad.com/sa/وصفات/14287518-الكوارع-اكلة-شعبية-مصرية-بطريقة-ماما-مناسبة-لأجواء-الشتاء-مغذية |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Cookpad}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A al'adun Masar, ana ɗaukar kawareʻ a matsayin abinci mai gina jiki sosai, wanda aka yi imanin yana ba da fa'idodi ga lafiya kamar ƙarfafa gidajen abinci saboda yawan sinadarin gelatin da ke cikinsa. [1] Yana da shahara musamman a lokacin hunturu, yana ba da ɗumi da abinci mai gina jiki.

Abincin yana da matsayi na musamman a cikin abincin Masar, wanda galibi ana danganta shi da tarurrukan iyali da bukukuwa. Ɗanɗanonsa mai kyau da mahimmancin al'adu sun sa ya zama abincin da ake so a tsakanin Masarawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;anahwa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=أكلة الكوارع المصرية.. فوائدها وطريقة تحضيرها |url=https://www.anahwa.com/364471 |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Ana Hwa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.anahwa.com/364471 &quot;أكلة الكوارع المصرية.. فوائدها وطريقة تحضيرها&quot;]. ''Ana Hwa''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Laban rayeb</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:51:44Z</timestamp>
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        <id>39275</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346000255|Laban rayeb]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2688" sha1="fhpqmoq3igurkyrk4eaz4algcagedx0" xml:space="preserve">'''''Laban rayeb''''' ( Egyptian Arabic   ) wani nau'in madara ne da aka yi da madarar da aka yi da madarar da aka yi da madarar da aka yi da madarar da aka yi a Upper Egypt. Ana iya shan sa sabo ko kuma a yi amfani da shi wajen yin cukuwar ''aesh'', wanda hakan ake amfani da shi wajen yin ''mish'' .

== Shiri ==
Hanyar gargajiya ta yin ''laban rayeb'' tana farawa ne da yin tausa shanu kai tsaye zuwa cikin tukunya mai zurfi ko zurfi da aka yi da ɗan goge baki. A jiƙa cikin tukunyar da aka yi sabon ( ''wanda aka yi da ma'adinai'' ) a cikin mai ko cakuda farin kwai da mai sannan a gasa a cikin murhu don rufe ramuka. Bayan kowane amfani, ana wanke ''ma'adinan'' kuma a busar da shi a cikin tanda mai zafi na tsawon awanni biyu. Ana barin madarar na tsawon kwana ɗaya zuwa huɗu, ya danganta da zafin jiki, yayin da kitsen ke tashi zuwa sama kuma madarar da ke ƙasa ta yi lanƙwasa. {{Sfn|Robinson|Tamime|1991}} Ana ajiye madarar a zafin {{Convert|20|-|25|C|F}} yayin da kitsen ke samuwa. {{Sfn|Kurmann|Rasic|Kroger|1992}} Ba a dame madarar ba yayin da microflora na halitta yake narkewa. {{Sfn|Chandan|Kilara|2013}} Ana cire kitsen a yi amfani da shi wajen yin man shanu. Sauran kitsen shine ''laban rayab'' . {{Sfn|Robinson|Tamime|1991}} Yana da ƙamshi kamar madarar shanu, kuma yana da ɗanɗanon acid. {{Sfn|Kurmann|Rasic|Kroger|1992}}

== Samfuran da aka samo da kuma nau'ikan da aka samo ==
''Laban khad'' wani nau'in abinci ne da ake jiƙawa a cikin fatar akuya. {{Sfn|Chandan|Kilara|2013}} ''Goubasha'' wani abin sha ne na gargajiya a [[Sudan]] . Ana ƙara wani kirim a cikin ''laban rayeb'' da aka yi da madarar buffalo, sannan a narkar da cakuda da ruwa. {{Sfn|Kurmann|Rasic|Kroger|1992}} ''Laban zeer'' wani nau'in abinci ne da ake yi a cikin tukunyar ƙasa. Ana iya haɗa shi da hatsin alkama da aka dafa, aka busar da shi, aka niƙa shi na tsawon awanni ashirin da huɗu, sannan a busar da shi don yin ''Kishk'' . Wannan abinci ne mai gina jiki wanda zai iya kasancewa na tsawon shekaru da yawa. {{Sfn|Marth|Steele|2001}}

Ana yin cukuwar Karish daga laban rayeb ta hanyar zuba kitse a kan tabarma sannan a bar shi ya zube, a lokaci-lokaci a shimfiɗa shi a matse shi a cikin tabarma, sannan a rataye shi na tsawon kwana biyu ko uku. Jim kaɗan kafin a gama, ana zuba cukuwar a busasshe da gishiri, sannan a rataye ta a kan tabarma na tsawon wasu awanni. [1]

== Tarihi ==
Akwai shaida cewa tsoffin Masarawa ne suka yi shi. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''''Laban rayeb''''' ( Egyptian Arabic   ) wani nau'in madara ne da aka yi da madarar da aka yi da madarar da aka yi da madarar da aka yi da madarar da aka yi a Upper Egypt. Ana iya shan sa sabo ko kuma a yi amfani da shi wajen yin cukuwar ''aesh'', wanda hakan ake amfani da shi wajen yin ''mish'' .

== Shiri ==
Hanyar gargajiya ta yin ''laban rayeb'' tana farawa ne da yin tausa shanu kai tsaye zuwa cikin tukunya mai zurfi ko zurfi da aka yi da ɗan goge baki. A jiƙa cikin tukunyar da aka yi sabon ( ''wanda aka yi da ma'adinai'' ) a cikin mai ko cakuda farin kwai da mai sannan a gasa a cikin murhu don rufe ramuka. Bayan kowane amfani, ana wanke ''ma'adinan'' kuma a busar da shi a cikin tanda mai zafi na tsawon awanni biyu. Ana barin madarar na tsawon kwana ɗaya zuwa huɗu, ya danganta da zafin jiki, yayin da kitsen ke tashi zuwa sama kuma madarar da ke ƙasa ta yi lanƙwasa. {{Sfn|Robinson|Tamime|1991}} Ana ajiye madarar a zafin {{Convert|20|-|25|C|F}} yayin da kitsen ke samuwa. {{Sfn|Kurmann|Rasic|Kroger|1992}} Ba a dame madarar ba yayin da microflora na halitta yake narkewa. {{Sfn|Chandan|Kilara|2013}} Ana cire kitsen a yi amfani da shi wajen yin man shanu. Sauran kitsen shine ''laban rayab'' . {{Sfn|Robinson|Tamime|1991}} Yana da ƙamshi kamar madarar shanu, kuma yana da ɗanɗanon acid. {{Sfn|Kurmann|Rasic|Kroger|1992}}

== Samfuran da aka samo da kuma nau'ikan da aka samo ==
''Laban khad'' wani nau'in abinci ne da ake jiƙawa a cikin fatar akuya. {{Sfn|Chandan|Kilara|2013}} ''Goubasha'' wani abin sha ne na gargajiya a [[Sudan]] . Ana ƙara wani kirim a cikin ''laban rayeb'' da aka yi da madarar buffalo, sannan a narkar da cakuda da ruwa. {{Sfn|Kurmann|Rasic|Kroger|1992}} ''Laban zeer'' wani nau'in abinci ne da ake yi a cikin tukunyar ƙasa. Ana iya haɗa shi da hatsin alkama da aka dafa, aka busar da shi, aka niƙa shi na tsawon awanni ashirin da huɗu, sannan a busar da shi don yin ''Kishk'' . Wannan abinci ne mai gina jiki wanda zai iya kasancewa na tsawon shekaru da yawa. {{Sfn|Marth|Steele|2001}}

Ana yin cukuwar Karish daga laban rayeb ta hanyar zuba kitse a kan tabarma sannan a bar shi ya zube, a lokaci-lokaci a shimfiɗa shi a matse shi a cikin tabarma, sannan a rataye shi na tsawon kwana biyu ko uku. Jim kaɗan kafin a gama, ana zuba cukuwar a busasshe da gishiri, sannan a rataye ta a kan tabarma na tsawon wasu awanni. [1]

== Tarihi ==
Akwai shaida cewa tsoffin Masarawa ne suka yi shi. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348588564|Koshary]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="8988" sha1="4u71t96kv8k4hj69xonbc5w9oqnpyks" xml:space="preserve">'''Koshary''', '''kushari''' ko '''koshari''' ( Egyptian Arabic   {{IPA|arz|ˈkoʃæɾi|}} ) abincin ƙasa ne na Masar kuma abincin da ya shahara a kan tituna. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Galloway |first=Lindsey |date=13 January 2020 |title=Why 2020 is the year to visit Cairo |url=//www.bbc.com/travel/story/20200112-why-2020-is-the-year-to-visit-cairo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212113042/http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20200112-why-2020-is-the-year-to-visit-cairo |archive-date=2020-02-12 |website=[[BBC]] Travel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abincin gargajiya ne na Masar, wanda aka haɗa [[Pasta|taliya]], [[Shinkafa|shinkafar]] soyayyen Masar, vermicelli da lentil mai launin ruwan kasa,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yogerst |first=Joe |date=2020-01-15 |title=Food in Egypt: 13 delicious dishes and drinks you shouldn't miss |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/egypt-food-and-drink/index.html |access-date=2020-09-14 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en |quote=Koshary: One of Egypt's most popular dishes is a carb-packed combination of macaroni, rice and beans flavored with tomatoes, onions, garlic and whatever else the chef feels like tossing in.}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ɗora shi da wake, miyar tumatir mai tafarnuwa, vinegar da tafarnuwa, da albasa mai soyayye . Fesa [[tafarnuwa]] da vinegar da miya mai zafi ba lallai ba ne.

== Tarihi ==
A cikin Littattafan Farawa na Masar,  Kalmar Tsohon Masar &quot;Koshir&quot; tana nufin &quot;Abincin Alloli&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;Genesis&quot; /&gt; Koshir abincin karin kumallo ne wanda ya ƙunshi lentil, alkama, wake, tafarnuwa da albasa da aka dafa tare a cikin tukwane na yumbu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Genesis&quot; /&gt; An yi iƙirarin cewa asalin labarin littafin ya koma ga Manetho . Duk da haka, a cikin littattafan Manetho da aka tattara, ba a sami ambaton Koshir ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Manetho: History of Egypt (and other Fragments) |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Manetho/home.html |access-date=2023-12-27 |website=penelope.uchicago.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kalmar ba ta da alaƙa da dokokin abinci na Yahudawa da aka sani da Kosher . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)&quot;&gt;an buƙata ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Wani firist daga [[Heliopolis (tsohuwar Misira)|Heliopolis]] ya bayyana shi a matsayin abincin da za a ci bayan azumi a ranar 11 ga watan Pachons, wata a kalandar Masar ta da. An san Koshary da &quot; ''Abincin Talakawa'' &quot;;  ya ƙunshi albasa soyayye, lentil, shinkafa, macaroni da miya ja. Yana da alaƙa da [[abincin Bahar Rum]], amma abincin Masar yana da sinadarai da dandano daban-daban, musamman miyar lemun tsami ta Masar, wanda ke ba shi ɗanɗano na musamman wanda abincin ya shahara da shi. 

A shekarar 1853, a cikin littafinsa mai suna &quot;Journey to Egypt and the Hijaz&quot;, mai bincike Richard Burton ya rubuta koshary a matsayin abincin karin kumallo na mutanen [[Suez]] . Ya ƙunshi lentil na Masar, shinkafa, man shanu, albasa da lemun tsami.  Ana tsammanin wannan labarin shine farkon ambaton da aka sani da aka rubuta a cikin harshen Ingilishi game da koshary. 

An sayar da Koshary a kan keken abinci a farkon shekarunsa, kuma daga baya aka gabatar da shi ga gidajen cin abinci. 

Wannan abincin ya shahara sosai tsakanin ma'aikata da ma'aikata kuma abincin ya dace da tarurrukan liyafa na jama'a kamar tarurruka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gopal |first=Sena Desai |title=On the streets of Cairo, I fed my love for koshari - The Boston Globe |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2023/10/10/lifestyle/streets-cairo-i-fed-my-love-koshari/ |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=BostonGlobe.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya shirya shi a gida, kuma ana yin sa a shaguna da gidajen cin abinci a gefen hanya a duk faɗin Masar; wasu gidajen cin abinci sun ƙware a kan koshary banda wasu abinci, yayin da wasu kuma suna nuna shi a matsayin abu ɗaya tsakanin mutane da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 February 2009 |title=Kushari recipe |url=http://www.whats4eats.com/pastas/kushari-recipe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128204004/http://www.whats4eats.com/pastas/kushari-recipe |archive-date=2013-01-28 |access-date=2013-02-17 |publisher=Whats4eats.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamar yadda koshary da aka shirya a al'ada ba ya ƙunshe da wani samfurin dabbobi, ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin abincin vegan, matuƙar duk soya yana amfani da man kayan lambu. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A shekarar 2025, [[UNESCO]] ta amince da koshary a matsayin gadon al'adu marasa tabawa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egypt's koshary is inscribed on UNESCO's list of intangible cultural heritage |url=https://www.africanews.com/2025/12/11/egypts-koshary-is-inscribed-on-unescos-list-of-intangible-cultural-heritage/ |access-date=12 December 2025 |website=Africanews}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nau'ikan ==
Koshary [[Alexandria|na Alexandria]] ya bambanta sosai da sauran girke-girken koshary, tare da bambance-bambance masu yawa a dandano da siffa. Tsarin girkin ya haɗa da lentil mai launin rawaya da shinkafa; yana kuma amfani da [[curry]] da cumin a cikin shinkafar, wanda ke ba koshary launi iri ɗaya. Hakanan an haɗa da ƙwai soyayyen Masar, waɗanda ake tafasawa sannan a soya su da man shanu, da kuma tumatir da aka ɗan tsakure maimakon miyar tumatir, da soyayyen dankali a gefe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=كشري اسكندراني بالصور من Alaa Abbas |url=https://cookpad.com/om/%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA/9553403-%D9%83%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726140555/https://cookpad.com/om/%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA/9553403-%D9%83%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A |archive-date=2020-07-26 |access-date=2020-07-26 |website=كوكباد |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Koshari Ads Asfar |url=https://www.hazteveg.com/receta/2467/Koshari-Ads-Asfar |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=HazteVeg.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koshary ya kuma samu karbuwa a wajen Masar a 'yan shekarun nan, musamman a Gabashin Larabawa da Yemen . Akwai bambance-bambance a kowace ƙasa ko yanki, kamar ƙara kayan lambu da aka gasa da kuma amfani da shinkafar basmati da aka dafa fari ko rawaya. Sauran girke-girke na waɗannan yankuna sun haɗa da amfani da wasu siffofi na macaroni. Girke-girke na iya haɗawa da kaza, wanda hakan ke sa su kusa da kabsa a wasu lokuta. [1]

A [[Japan]], gidajen cin abinci da ke hidimar Koshary sun fara bayyana, wasu suna ba da abincin tare da ƙari ga girke-girke na asali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Samir |first=Salwa |date=2024-06-03 |title=How a Japanese Chef Introduced Egypt’s Beloved Koshari to Tokyo {{!}} Egyptian Streets |url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2024/06/03/how-a-japanese-chef-introduced-egypts-beloved-koshari-to-tokyo/ |access-date=2025-02-24 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sinadaran da ba na gargajiya ba, waɗanda ba a saba samun su a cikin girke-girken Masar, sune kaza basil, tumatir danye, kirim mai tsami, ƙwai soyayye, miyar Cheddar, yanka avocado, da foda mai yaji tare da jalapeño . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=エジプトめしコシャリ屋さん |url=http://koshary-yasan.hungry.jp/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726143250/http://koshary-yasan.hungry.jp/ |archive-date=2020-07-26 |access-date=2020-07-26 |website=koshary-yasan.hungry.jp}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bushewar lokaci nan take ===
Koshary nan take, kamar taliyar nan take a cikin marufi da shiri, ya fara bayyana a Masar a shekarar 2020. Yana buƙatar ruwan zafi da mintuna 5 zuwa 10 kafin a shirya don ci. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=الكشري أصبح مجفف في عبوة سريعة التحضير: &quot;أخيرا هناكله المصيف&quot; |url=https://alwan.elwatannews.com/news/details/4830932/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%81%D9%81-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525172337/https://alwan.elwatannews.com/news/details/4830932/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%81%D9%81-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81 |archive-date=2021-05-25 |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=alwan.elwatannews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* [[Ful medames|Manyan medames]]

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'''Koshary''', '''kushari''' ko '''koshari''' ( Egyptian Arabic   {{IPA|arz|ˈkoʃæɾi|}} ) abincin ƙasa ne na Masar kuma abincin da ya shahara a kan tituna. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Galloway |first=Lindsey |date=13 January 2020 |title=Why 2020 is the year to visit Cairo |url=//www.bbc.com/travel/story/20200112-why-2020-is-the-year-to-visit-cairo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212113042/http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20200112-why-2020-is-the-year-to-visit-cairo |archive-date=2020-02-12 |website=[[BBC]] Travel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abincin gargajiya ne na Masar, wanda aka haɗa [[Pasta|taliya]], [[Shinkafa|shinkafar]] soyayyen Masar, vermicelli da lentil mai launin ruwan kasa,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yogerst |first=Joe |date=2020-01-15 |title=Food in Egypt: 13 delicious dishes and drinks you shouldn't miss |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/egypt-food-and-drink/index.html |access-date=2020-09-14 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en |quote=Koshary: One of Egypt's most popular dishes is a carb-packed combination of macaroni, rice and beans flavored with tomatoes, onions, garlic and whatever else the chef feels like tossing in.}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ɗora shi da wake, miyar tumatir mai tafarnuwa, vinegar da tafarnuwa, da albasa mai soyayye . Fesa [[tafarnuwa]] da vinegar da miya mai zafi ba lallai ba ne.

== Tarihi ==
A cikin Littattafan Farawa na Masar,  Kalmar Tsohon Masar &quot;Koshir&quot; tana nufin &quot;Abincin Alloli&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;Genesis&quot; /&gt; Koshir abincin karin kumallo ne wanda ya ƙunshi lentil, alkama, wake, tafarnuwa da albasa da aka dafa tare a cikin tukwane na yumbu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Genesis&quot; /&gt; An yi iƙirarin cewa asalin labarin littafin ya koma ga Manetho . Duk da haka, a cikin littattafan Manetho da aka tattara, ba a sami ambaton Koshir ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Manetho: History of Egypt (and other Fragments) |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Manetho/home.html |access-date=2023-12-27 |website=penelope.uchicago.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kalmar ba ta da alaƙa da dokokin abinci na Yahudawa da aka sani da Kosher . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)&quot;&gt;an buƙata ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Wani firist daga [[Heliopolis (tsohuwar Misira)|Heliopolis]] ya bayyana shi a matsayin abincin da za a ci bayan azumi a ranar 11 ga watan Pachons, wata a kalandar Masar ta da. An san Koshary da &quot; ''Abincin Talakawa'' &quot;;  ya ƙunshi albasa soyayye, lentil, shinkafa, macaroni da miya ja. Yana da alaƙa da [[abincin Bahar Rum]], amma abincin Masar yana da sinadarai da dandano daban-daban, musamman miyar lemun tsami ta Masar, wanda ke ba shi ɗanɗano na musamman wanda abincin ya shahara da shi. 

A shekarar 1853, a cikin littafinsa mai suna &quot;Journey to Egypt and the Hijaz&quot;, mai bincike Richard Burton ya rubuta koshary a matsayin abincin karin kumallo na mutanen [[Suez]] . Ya ƙunshi lentil na Masar, shinkafa, man shanu, albasa da lemun tsami.  Ana tsammanin wannan labarin shine farkon ambaton da aka sani da aka rubuta a cikin harshen Ingilishi game da koshary. 

An sayar da Koshary a kan keken abinci a farkon shekarunsa, kuma daga baya aka gabatar da shi ga gidajen cin abinci. 

Wannan abincin ya shahara sosai tsakanin ma'aikata da ma'aikata kuma abincin ya dace da tarurrukan liyafa na jama'a kamar tarurruka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gopal |first=Sena Desai |title=On the streets of Cairo, I fed my love for koshari - The Boston Globe |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2023/10/10/lifestyle/streets-cairo-i-fed-my-love-koshari/ |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=BostonGlobe.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya shirya shi a gida, kuma ana yin sa a shaguna da gidajen cin abinci a gefen hanya a duk faɗin Masar; wasu gidajen cin abinci sun ƙware a kan koshary banda wasu abinci, yayin da wasu kuma suna nuna shi a matsayin abu ɗaya tsakanin mutane da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 February 2009 |title=Kushari recipe |url=http://www.whats4eats.com/pastas/kushari-recipe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128204004/http://www.whats4eats.com/pastas/kushari-recipe |archive-date=2013-01-28 |access-date=2013-02-17 |publisher=Whats4eats.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamar yadda koshary da aka shirya a al'ada ba ya ƙunshe da wani samfurin dabbobi, ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin abincin vegan, matuƙar duk soya yana amfani da man kayan lambu. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A shekarar 2025, [[UNESCO]] ta amince da koshary a matsayin gadon al'adu marasa tabawa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egypt's koshary is inscribed on UNESCO's list of intangible cultural heritage |url=https://www.africanews.com/2025/12/11/egypts-koshary-is-inscribed-on-unescos-list-of-intangible-cultural-heritage/ |access-date=12 December 2025 |website=Africanews}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nau'ikan ==
Koshary [[Alexandria|na Alexandria]] ya bambanta sosai da sauran girke-girken koshary, tare da bambance-bambance masu yawa a dandano da siffa. Tsarin girkin ya haɗa da lentil mai launin rawaya da shinkafa; yana kuma amfani da [[curry]] da cumin a cikin shinkafar, wanda ke ba koshary launi iri ɗaya. Hakanan an haɗa da ƙwai soyayyen Masar, waɗanda ake tafasawa sannan a soya su da man shanu, da kuma tumatir da aka ɗan tsakure maimakon miyar tumatir, da soyayyen dankali a gefe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=كشري اسكندراني بالصور من Alaa Abbas |url=https://cookpad.com/om/%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA/9553403-%D9%83%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726140555/https://cookpad.com/om/%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA/9553403-%D9%83%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A |archive-date=2020-07-26 |access-date=2020-07-26 |website=كوكباد |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Koshari Ads Asfar |url=https://www.hazteveg.com/receta/2467/Koshari-Ads-Asfar |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=HazteVeg.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koshary ya kuma samu karbuwa a wajen Masar a 'yan shekarun nan, musamman a Gabashin Larabawa da Yemen . Akwai bambance-bambance a kowace ƙasa ko yanki, kamar ƙara kayan lambu da aka gasa da kuma amfani da shinkafar basmati da aka dafa fari ko rawaya. Sauran girke-girke na waɗannan yankuna sun haɗa da amfani da wasu siffofi na macaroni. Girke-girke na iya haɗawa da kaza, wanda hakan ke sa su kusa da kabsa a wasu lokuta. [1]

A [[Japan]], gidajen cin abinci da ke hidimar Koshary sun fara bayyana, wasu suna ba da abincin tare da ƙari ga girke-girke na asali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Samir |first=Salwa |date=2024-06-03 |title=How a Japanese Chef Introduced Egypt’s Beloved Koshari to Tokyo {{!}} Egyptian Streets |url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2024/06/03/how-a-japanese-chef-introduced-egypts-beloved-koshari-to-tokyo/ |access-date=2025-02-24 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sinadaran da ba na gargajiya ba, waɗanda ba a saba samun su a cikin girke-girken Masar, sune kaza basil, tumatir danye, kirim mai tsami, ƙwai soyayye, miyar Cheddar, yanka avocado, da foda mai yaji tare da jalapeño . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=エジプトめしコシャリ屋さん |url=http://koshary-yasan.hungry.jp/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726143250/http://koshary-yasan.hungry.jp/ |archive-date=2020-07-26 |access-date=2020-07-26 |website=koshary-yasan.hungry.jp}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bushewar lokaci nan take ===
Koshary nan take, kamar taliyar nan take a cikin marufi da shiri, ya fara bayyana a Masar a shekarar 2020. Yana buƙatar ruwan zafi da mintuna 5 zuwa 10 kafin a shirya don ci. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=الكشري أصبح مجفف في عبوة سريعة التحضير: &quot;أخيرا هناكله المصيف&quot; |url=https://alwan.elwatannews.com/news/details/4830932/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%81%D9%81-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525172337/https://alwan.elwatannews.com/news/details/4830932/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%81%D9%81-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81 |archive-date=2021-05-25 |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=alwan.elwatannews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* [[Ful medames|Manyan medames]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>58tum9do2y0x89frk6ahu41lzp5r6ih</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Koftet rozz</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>829081</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:55:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302790178|Koftet rozz]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2786" sha1="c6tk9w6cvg09z0b13dy342eu8jbis1z" xml:space="preserve">'''Koftet rozz''' ( Egyptian Arabic   ) wani abinci ne na Masar wanda ya ƙunshi naman ƙusa mai kayan ƙanshi da aka yi da cakuda nama da aka niƙa, [[shinkafa]] da aka niƙa, da kuma sabbin ganye, wanda aka dafa a cikin miyar tumatir. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Soha's Koftet Roz (Egyptian Rice Meatballs) |url=https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/sohas-koftet-roz-egyptian-rice-meatballs |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=BBC Good Food}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Shirya koftet rozz yana farawa da wankewa da jiƙa [[Shinkafa|shinkafar hatsi kaɗan]], sannan a niƙa ta zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyi, ba foda ba. Ana haɗa wannan shinkafar da aka niƙa da naman raƙumi, wanda aka saba amfani da shi a matsayin naman raƙumi, kodayake ana amfani da naman sa da aka niƙa akai-akai, tare da albasa da aka yanka, tafarnuwa, da gaurayen sabbin ganye kamar faski, dill, da cilantro . Ana ƙara kayan ƙanshi kamar cumin, coriander, gishiri, da barkono baƙi. Bayan an haɗa sosai, ana siffanta cakuda zuwa ƙwallo ko yatsu matsakaici. Sannan ana soya su har sai sun yi launin ruwan zinari da kauri. A gefe guda, ana shirya miya ta tumatir ta hanyar soya [[tafarnuwa]] da aka niƙa, ƙara manna tumatir, miyar tumatir, gishiri, barkono baƙi, cube na miya, sukari, da ruwa. Sannan ana ƙara kofta da aka soya a cikin miya kuma a dafa tare na tsawon minti 15-20. Yawanci ana yi wa abincin ado da faski da aka yanka sannan a yi hidima da shinkafa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 17, 2021 |title=Rice Kofta - Egyptian Recipe |url=https://www.healthylifetrainer.com/rice-kofta-egyptian-recipe/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Healthy Life Trainer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wata hanyar kuma ita ce a haɗa albasa, tafarnuwa, ruwa, da ganyen da aka soya a cikin injin niƙa, sannan a ƙara naman sa da aka niƙa don samar da haɗin kai. Ana haɗa wannan haɗin da garin shinkafa, kayan ƙanshi, da soda, a murƙushe har sai ya yi laushi amma ya yi ƙarfi, sannan a yi masa siffar ƙwallo a soya har sai ya yi launin ruwan kasa kaɗan. Ana iya cin naman naman da aka soya kamar yadda ake yi ko kuma a ƙara shi a cikin miyar tumatir ko marinara kafin a yi hidima. [1]

Wani bambancin kuma ya haɗa da soya kofta, sannan a ƙara su a cikin gaurayen albasa, manna tumatir, cumin da aka niƙa, garin kirfa, barkono baƙi, garin kaza, tushen demi-glace, ruwa, da kuma cubes [[Dankalin turawa|na dankali]] . Ana dafa abincin har sai dankalin ya dahu sosai. Wannan abincin yana shahara a lokacin Ramadan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Koftet Roz with Potatoes |url=https://www.unileverfoodsolutions.eg/en/recipe/koftet-roz-with-potatoes-R0077807.html |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Unilever Food Solutions Egypt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Kofta
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2798" sha1="nrq9orkjmvsc0wa5dx9z2g0frdjqmf8" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Koftet rozz''' ( Egyptian Arabic   ) wani abinci ne na Masar wanda ya ƙunshi naman ƙusa mai kayan ƙanshi da aka yi da cakuda nama da aka niƙa, [[shinkafa]] da aka niƙa, da kuma sabbin ganye, wanda aka dafa a cikin miyar tumatir. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Soha's Koftet Roz (Egyptian Rice Meatballs) |url=https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/sohas-koftet-roz-egyptian-rice-meatballs |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=BBC Good Food}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Shirya koftet rozz yana farawa da wankewa da jiƙa [[Shinkafa|shinkafar hatsi kaɗan]], sannan a niƙa ta zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyi, ba foda ba. Ana haɗa wannan shinkafar da aka niƙa da naman raƙumi, wanda aka saba amfani da shi a matsayin naman raƙumi, kodayake ana amfani da naman sa da aka niƙa akai-akai, tare da albasa da aka yanka, tafarnuwa, da gaurayen sabbin ganye kamar faski, dill, da cilantro . Ana ƙara kayan ƙanshi kamar cumin, coriander, gishiri, da barkono baƙi. Bayan an haɗa sosai, ana siffanta cakuda zuwa ƙwallo ko yatsu matsakaici. Sannan ana soya su har sai sun yi launin ruwan zinari da kauri. A gefe guda, ana shirya miya ta tumatir ta hanyar soya [[tafarnuwa]] da aka niƙa, ƙara manna tumatir, miyar tumatir, gishiri, barkono baƙi, cube na miya, sukari, da ruwa. Sannan ana ƙara kofta da aka soya a cikin miya kuma a dafa tare na tsawon minti 15-20. Yawanci ana yi wa abincin ado da faski da aka yanka sannan a yi hidima da shinkafa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 17, 2021 |title=Rice Kofta - Egyptian Recipe |url=https://www.healthylifetrainer.com/rice-kofta-egyptian-recipe/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Healthy Life Trainer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wata hanyar kuma ita ce a haɗa albasa, tafarnuwa, ruwa, da ganyen da aka soya a cikin injin niƙa, sannan a ƙara naman sa da aka niƙa don samar da haɗin kai. Ana haɗa wannan haɗin da garin shinkafa, kayan ƙanshi, da soda, a murƙushe har sai ya yi laushi amma ya yi ƙarfi, sannan a yi masa siffar ƙwallo a soya har sai ya yi launin ruwan kasa kaɗan. Ana iya cin naman naman da aka soya kamar yadda ake yi ko kuma a ƙara shi a cikin miyar tumatir ko marinara kafin a yi hidima. [1]

Wani bambancin kuma ya haɗa da soya kofta, sannan a ƙara su a cikin gaurayen albasa, manna tumatir, cumin da aka niƙa, garin kirfa, barkono baƙi, garin kaza, tushen demi-glace, ruwa, da kuma cubes [[Dankalin turawa|na dankali]] . Ana dafa abincin har sai dankalin ya dahu sosai. Wannan abincin yana shahara a lokacin Ramadan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Koftet Roz with Potatoes |url=https://www.unileverfoodsolutions.eg/en/recipe/koftet-roz-with-potatoes-R0077807.html |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Unilever Food Solutions Egypt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Kofta
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>nrq9orkjmvsc0wa5dx9z2g0frdjqmf8</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Kolkas</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>829083</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:57:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1307081208|Kolkas]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829083</origin>
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      <text bytes="6068" sha1="fg5l4bslaqa8hfd93u7olre4rpojzqf" xml:space="preserve">'''Qolqas''' ( Arabic   {{Transl|ar|ALA|'ul'as}} ), wanda kuma aka fassara shi da '''kolkas''' a [[Turanci]], wani miyar miya ce da ake ci a [[Misra|Masar]] wadda ke ɗauke da tushen taro da aka dafa a cikin miya da aka jiƙa da tafarnuwa da cilantro. Wannan miyar mai daɗi ta shahara musamman a lokacin hunturu kuma tana da mahimmancin al'adu, musamman tsakanin Kiristocin Coptic a lokacin bikin Epiphany . &lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2025 |title=Egyptian Kolkas Recipe (Taro-Swiss Chard Stew/Soup): قلقاس |url=https://cheznermine.com/2025/01/15/egyptian-kolkas-recipe/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Shirya qolqas yana farawa da bare tushen taro da yanke shi zuwa cubes. Taro da aka danye yana dauke da sinadarin calcium oxalate, wanda zai iya haifar da kumburin fata idan aka yi amfani da shi ba tare da safar hannu ba. Taro da aka yanka ana jika shi da ruwa, sau da yawa cikin dare daya, don rage kauri. &lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2025 |title=Egyptian Kolkas Recipe (Taro-Swiss Chard Stew/Soup): قلقاس |url=https://cheznermine.com/2025/01/15/egyptian-kolkas-recipe/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://cheznermine.com/2025/01/15/egyptian-kolkas-recipe/ &quot;Egyptian Kolkas Recipe (Taro-Swiss Chard Stew/Soup): قلقاس&quot;]. ''Chez Nermine''. January 15, 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A madadin haka, wasu girke-girke suna ba da shawarar tafasa tushen taro har sai ya yi laushi kafin a saka shi a cikin miya. &lt;ref name=&quot;matbakh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 5, 2020 |title=Egyptian Kolkas - Taro Root Stew |url=https://thematbakh.com/taro-root-stew-recipe-egyptian-kolkas/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=The Matbakh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A wani tsari daban, ana shirya miya mai daɗi ta amfani da sinadarai kamar [[ghee]], kirfa, [[ganyen bay]], mastic resin, [[cardamom]], barkono barkono, allspice, [[tafarnuwa]], [[albasa]], da naman sa . Ana soya naman da kayan ƙanshi har sai naman ya yi launin zinari, sannan a zuba ruwan zafi, sannan a dafa hadin har sai naman ya yi laushi. Sannan a tace ruwan don cire kayan ƙanshi da kayan lambu, a bar ruwa mai kamshi mai haske. &lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2025 |title=Egyptian Kolkas Recipe (Taro-Swiss Chard Stew/Soup): قلقاس |url=https://cheznermine.com/2025/01/15/egyptian-kolkas-recipe/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://cheznermine.com/2025/01/15/egyptian-kolkas-recipe/ &quot;Egyptian Kolkas Recipe (Taro-Swiss Chard Stew/Soup): قلقاس&quot;]. ''Chez Nermine''. January 15, 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A madadin haka, ana iya amfani da ruwan kayan lambu don abincin da aka yi da kayan lambu. &lt;ref name=&quot;alfhana&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2010 |title=Egyptian Style Colocasia (Tora or Kolkas) |url=https://alfhana.wordpress.com/2010/11/04/egyptian-style-colocasia-tora-or-kolkas/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Alf Hana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana ƙara tarugu da aka yanka a cikin ruwan da ake dafawa tare da matse lemun tsami ko ruwan lemun tsami don hana canza launin. Ana dafa tarugu har sai ya yi laushi kamar cokali mai yatsu. A halin yanzu, ana haɗa ganyen da ƙaramin ruwan miya don ƙirƙirar wani abu da aka cire, wanda daga nan sai a tace sannan a ƙara a cikin ruwan da ake dafawa, wanda ke ba da launi mai haske da ɗanɗano sabo. &lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2025 |title=Egyptian Kolkas Recipe (Taro-Swiss Chard Stew/Soup): قلقاس |url=https://cheznermine.com/2025/01/15/egyptian-kolkas-recipe/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://cheznermine.com/2025/01/15/egyptian-kolkas-recipe/ &quot;Egyptian Kolkas Recipe (Taro-Swiss Chard Stew/Soup): قلقاس&quot;]. ''Chez Nermine''. January 15, 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu nau'ikan, ana soya ganyen da tafarnuwa kafin a ƙara su a cikin ruwan. &lt;ref name=&quot;alfhana&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2010 |title=Egyptian Style Colocasia (Tora or Kolkas) |url=https://alfhana.wordpress.com/2010/11/04/egyptian-style-colocasia-tora-or-kolkas/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Alf Hana}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://alfhana.wordpress.com/2010/11/04/egyptian-style-colocasia-tora-or-kolkas/ &quot;Egyptian Style Colocasia (Tora or Kolkas)&quot;]. ''Alf Hana''. November 4, 2010&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Babban sinadarin da ke cikin qoolkas shine 'taqlia', cakuda tafarnuwa da aka niƙa da coriander da aka niƙa a soya a cikin man shanu har sai ya yi launin zinari da ƙamshi, wanda aka saba amfani da shi a girkin Masar. Ana ƙara wannan haɗin a cikin miya, yana ƙara ɗanɗanon sa. Sannan ana dafa miyar na ɗan lokaci don a bar ɗanɗanon ya narke kafin a yi hidima. [1] Wasu girke-girke kuma suna ba da shawarar ƙara tafarnuwa da cilantro da aka soya kai tsaye a cikin miya don ƙarin ɗanɗano. [2]

A al'ada ana yin hidima a Qolqas a kan shinkafa ko kuma da eish baladi . &lt;ref name=&quot;alfhana&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2010 |title=Egyptian Style Colocasia (Tora or Kolkas) |url=https://alfhana.wordpress.com/2010/11/04/egyptian-style-colocasia-tora-or-kolkas/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Alf Hana}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://alfhana.wordpress.com/2010/11/04/egyptian-style-colocasia-tora-or-kolkas/ &quot;Egyptian Style Colocasia (Tora or Kolkas)&quot;]. ''Alf Hana''. November 4, 2010&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>fg5l4bslaqa8hfd93u7olre4rpojzqf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>829084</id>
      <parentid>829083</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:58:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
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      <origin>829084</origin>
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      <text bytes="6080" sha1="bbspqono5lp61qj49eq182ypkywvdlb" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Qolqas''' ( Arabic   {{Transl|ar|ALA|'ul'as}} ), wanda kuma aka fassara shi da '''kolkas''' a [[Turanci]], wani miyar miya ce da ake ci a [[Misra|Masar]] wadda ke ɗauke da tushen taro da aka dafa a cikin miya da aka jiƙa da tafarnuwa da cilantro. Wannan miyar mai daɗi ta shahara musamman a lokacin hunturu kuma tana da mahimmancin al'adu, musamman tsakanin Kiristocin Coptic a lokacin bikin Epiphany . &lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2025 |title=Egyptian Kolkas Recipe (Taro-Swiss Chard Stew/Soup): قلقاس |url=https://cheznermine.com/2025/01/15/egyptian-kolkas-recipe/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Shirya qolqas yana farawa da bare tushen taro da yanke shi zuwa cubes. Taro da aka danye yana dauke da sinadarin calcium oxalate, wanda zai iya haifar da kumburin fata idan aka yi amfani da shi ba tare da safar hannu ba. Taro da aka yanka ana jika shi da ruwa, sau da yawa cikin dare daya, don rage kauri. &lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2025 |title=Egyptian Kolkas Recipe (Taro-Swiss Chard Stew/Soup): قلقاس |url=https://cheznermine.com/2025/01/15/egyptian-kolkas-recipe/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://cheznermine.com/2025/01/15/egyptian-kolkas-recipe/ &quot;Egyptian Kolkas Recipe (Taro-Swiss Chard Stew/Soup): قلقاس&quot;]. ''Chez Nermine''. January 15, 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A madadin haka, wasu girke-girke suna ba da shawarar tafasa tushen taro har sai ya yi laushi kafin a saka shi a cikin miya. &lt;ref name=&quot;matbakh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 5, 2020 |title=Egyptian Kolkas - Taro Root Stew |url=https://thematbakh.com/taro-root-stew-recipe-egyptian-kolkas/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=The Matbakh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A wani tsari daban, ana shirya miya mai daɗi ta amfani da sinadarai kamar [[ghee]], kirfa, [[ganyen bay]], mastic resin, [[cardamom]], barkono barkono, allspice, [[tafarnuwa]], [[albasa]], da naman sa . Ana soya naman da kayan ƙanshi har sai naman ya yi launin zinari, sannan a zuba ruwan zafi, sannan a dafa hadin har sai naman ya yi laushi. Sannan a tace ruwan don cire kayan ƙanshi da kayan lambu, a bar ruwa mai kamshi mai haske. &lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2025 |title=Egyptian Kolkas Recipe (Taro-Swiss Chard Stew/Soup): قلقاس |url=https://cheznermine.com/2025/01/15/egyptian-kolkas-recipe/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://cheznermine.com/2025/01/15/egyptian-kolkas-recipe/ &quot;Egyptian Kolkas Recipe (Taro-Swiss Chard Stew/Soup): قلقاس&quot;]. ''Chez Nermine''. January 15, 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A madadin haka, ana iya amfani da ruwan kayan lambu don abincin da aka yi da kayan lambu. &lt;ref name=&quot;alfhana&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2010 |title=Egyptian Style Colocasia (Tora or Kolkas) |url=https://alfhana.wordpress.com/2010/11/04/egyptian-style-colocasia-tora-or-kolkas/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Alf Hana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana ƙara tarugu da aka yanka a cikin ruwan da ake dafawa tare da matse lemun tsami ko ruwan lemun tsami don hana canza launin. Ana dafa tarugu har sai ya yi laushi kamar cokali mai yatsu. A halin yanzu, ana haɗa ganyen da ƙaramin ruwan miya don ƙirƙirar wani abu da aka cire, wanda daga nan sai a tace sannan a ƙara a cikin ruwan da ake dafawa, wanda ke ba da launi mai haske da ɗanɗano sabo. &lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2025 |title=Egyptian Kolkas Recipe (Taro-Swiss Chard Stew/Soup): قلقاس |url=https://cheznermine.com/2025/01/15/egyptian-kolkas-recipe/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://cheznermine.com/2025/01/15/egyptian-kolkas-recipe/ &quot;Egyptian Kolkas Recipe (Taro-Swiss Chard Stew/Soup): قلقاس&quot;]. ''Chez Nermine''. January 15, 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu nau'ikan, ana soya ganyen da tafarnuwa kafin a ƙara su a cikin ruwan. &lt;ref name=&quot;alfhana&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2010 |title=Egyptian Style Colocasia (Tora or Kolkas) |url=https://alfhana.wordpress.com/2010/11/04/egyptian-style-colocasia-tora-or-kolkas/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Alf Hana}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://alfhana.wordpress.com/2010/11/04/egyptian-style-colocasia-tora-or-kolkas/ &quot;Egyptian Style Colocasia (Tora or Kolkas)&quot;]. ''Alf Hana''. November 4, 2010&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Babban sinadarin da ke cikin qoolkas shine 'taqlia', cakuda tafarnuwa da aka niƙa da coriander da aka niƙa a soya a cikin man shanu har sai ya yi launin zinari da ƙamshi, wanda aka saba amfani da shi a girkin Masar. Ana ƙara wannan haɗin a cikin miya, yana ƙara ɗanɗanon sa. Sannan ana dafa miyar na ɗan lokaci don a bar ɗanɗanon ya narke kafin a yi hidima. [1] Wasu girke-girke kuma suna ba da shawarar ƙara tafarnuwa da cilantro da aka soya kai tsaye a cikin miya don ƙarin ɗanɗano. [2]

A al'ada ana yin hidima a Qolqas a kan shinkafa ko kuma da eish baladi . &lt;ref name=&quot;alfhana&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2010 |title=Egyptian Style Colocasia (Tora or Kolkas) |url=https://alfhana.wordpress.com/2010/11/04/egyptian-style-colocasia-tora-or-kolkas/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Alf Hana}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://alfhana.wordpress.com/2010/11/04/egyptian-style-colocasia-tora-or-kolkas/ &quot;Egyptian Style Colocasia (Tora or Kolkas)&quot;]. ''Alf Hana''. November 4, 2010&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>bbspqono5lp61qj49eq182ypkywvdlb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Koftet el hati</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>829085</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:59:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1298089960|Koftet el hati]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829085</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2218" sha1="ccg3g5nybm7rb4k0zljlkugr3wggvaq" xml:space="preserve">'''Koftet el hati''' ( Egyptian Arabic   ), wanda aka fi sani da '''kofta''' ( {{Lang|arz|كفتة}} ) a [[Misra|Masar]], abinci ne na gargajiya na Masar wanda ya ƙunshi naman da aka niƙa mai kayan ƙanshi, yawanci naman sa ko haɗin naman sa da rago, a gauraya da ganye da kayan ƙanshi, a yi masa siffar patties ko skewers mai siffar silinda, a gasa ko a gasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Food Guide |url=https://travelfoodatlas.com/egyptian-food |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Travel Food Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=Kofta Al Hatee – Grilled Egyptian Meat Skewers |url=https://cheznermine.com/2024/07/28/kofta-al-hatee-grilled-egyptian-meat-skewers-%D9%83%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan abincin abinci ne na yau da kullun a cikin abincin Masar kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan kofta iri-iri da ake ci a Masar da kuma a faɗin Gabas ta Tsakiya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Kofta Recipe (Authentic Kofta Kebab) |url=https://www.munatycooking.com/kofta/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Munaty Cooking}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Shirya koftet el hati yana farawa da niƙa naman sa da aka niƙa ko kuma cakuda naman sa da nama, wanda ke tabbatar da laushin laushi. Ana yanka sabo faski, albasa, da tafarnuwa sosai sannan a haɗa su da naman don ƙara ɗanɗano da danshi. Ana ƙara haɗakar kayan ƙanshi, ciki har da cumin, coriander, allspice, cardamom, da barkono baƙi, a cikin cakuda don samar da ƙamshi mai daɗi. Wasu girke-girke suna haɗa da burodi ko burodi da aka jiƙa don ɗaure cakuda da kuma kiyaye ɗanɗano yayin dafa abinci. Sannan ana yin naman da aka ƙara kayan ƙanshi a kan skewers na katako ko na ƙarfe, suna samar da dogayen patties. A al'ada, ana gasa koftet el hati a kan gawayi, yana ba da ɗanɗano mai hayaƙi da kuma waje mai ƙonewa. A madadin haka, ana iya dafa shi a kan tukunyar gasa a kan murhu ko gasa a cikin tanda. Da zarar an dafa, ana yawan ba da kofta tare da eish baladi, tahini, salati sabo, ko shinkafa. [1] [2] [3] [4]

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Kofta
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>ccg3g5nybm7rb4k0zljlkugr3wggvaq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>829086</id>
      <parentid>829085</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T09:59:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>829086</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2230" sha1="fp50d85ykxeq3bl2fyr4vlgylhxd1kh" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Koftet el hati''' ( Egyptian Arabic   ), wanda aka fi sani da '''kofta''' ( {{Lang|arz|كفتة}} ) a [[Misra|Masar]], abinci ne na gargajiya na Masar wanda ya ƙunshi naman da aka niƙa mai kayan ƙanshi, yawanci naman sa ko haɗin naman sa da rago, a gauraya da ganye da kayan ƙanshi, a yi masa siffar patties ko skewers mai siffar silinda, a gasa ko a gasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Food Guide |url=https://travelfoodatlas.com/egyptian-food |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Travel Food Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=Kofta Al Hatee – Grilled Egyptian Meat Skewers |url=https://cheznermine.com/2024/07/28/kofta-al-hatee-grilled-egyptian-meat-skewers-%D9%83%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan abincin abinci ne na yau da kullun a cikin abincin Masar kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan kofta iri-iri da ake ci a Masar da kuma a faɗin Gabas ta Tsakiya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Kofta Recipe (Authentic Kofta Kebab) |url=https://www.munatycooking.com/kofta/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Munaty Cooking}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shiri ==
Shirya koftet el hati yana farawa da niƙa naman sa da aka niƙa ko kuma cakuda naman sa da nama, wanda ke tabbatar da laushin laushi. Ana yanka sabo faski, albasa, da tafarnuwa sosai sannan a haɗa su da naman don ƙara ɗanɗano da danshi. Ana ƙara haɗakar kayan ƙanshi, ciki har da cumin, coriander, allspice, cardamom, da barkono baƙi, a cikin cakuda don samar da ƙamshi mai daɗi. Wasu girke-girke suna haɗa da burodi ko burodi da aka jiƙa don ɗaure cakuda da kuma kiyaye ɗanɗano yayin dafa abinci. Sannan ana yin naman da aka ƙara kayan ƙanshi a kan skewers na katako ko na ƙarfe, suna samar da dogayen patties. A al'ada, ana gasa koftet el hati a kan gawayi, yana ba da ɗanɗano mai hayaƙi da kuma waje mai ƙonewa. A madadin haka, ana iya dafa shi a kan tukunyar gasa a kan murhu ko gasa a cikin tanda. Da zarar an dafa, ana yawan ba da kofta tare da eish baladi, tahini, salati sabo, ko shinkafa. [1] [2] [3] [4]

== Duba kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Kofta
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kibbeh</title>
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    <id>148949</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829087</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T10:01:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347728308|Kibbeh]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kibbeh''' / / ˈkɪbi / , kuma '''kubba''' da sauran haruffa; Arabic     ; Egyptian Arabic     ) abinci ne mai shahara a ƙasashen Larabawa musamman Levant, wanda aka yi da nama mai laushi da alkama bulgur . Ana ɗaukar Kibbeh a matsayin abincin ƙasa na [[Lebanon]] da [[Siriya]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;nationalgeographic.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-09-13 |title=Top 10 National Dishes -- National Geographic |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014060413/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/ |archive-date=October 14, 2016 |access-date=2020-08-08 |website=Travel |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;     

A cikin abincin Levantine, ana yin kibbeh ta hanyar niƙa alkama bulgur tare da nama zuwa manna mai kyau sannan a samar da shi siffofi marasa kama, tare da goro da aka gasa da kayan ƙanshi. Haka kuma ana iya shimfiɗa shi a kan tire, a soya shi sosai, a gasa shi, ko a yi masa hidima da ɗanye . [1] Birnin Aleppo na Siriya na iya ɗaukar aƙalla nau'ikan kibbeh guda 17. [2] A cikin abincin Mesopotamian, ana samun nau'ikan shinkafa ko farina . [3]

A wajen Lebanon da Siriya, ana samun nau'ikan &lt;ref name=&quot;nationalgeographic.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-09-13 |title=Top 10 National Dishes -- National Geographic |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014060413/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/ |archive-date=October 14, 2016 |access-date=2020-08-08 |website=Travel |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20161014060413/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/ &quot;Top 10 National Dishes -- National Geographic&quot;]. ''Travel''. 13 September 2011. Archived from [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/ the original] on 14 October 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;8 August&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; a [[Cyprus]], [[Misra|Masar]], [[Isra'ila]], [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Falasdinu]], Tekun Farisa, [[Armeniya|Armenia]], da [[Turkiyya]],  da kuma tsakanin mutanen Assuriya .  Haka kuma ana samunsa a duk faɗin ƙasashen Latin Amurka waɗanda suka sami adadi mai yawa na baƙi daga Levant a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20,  da kuma sassan Arewacin Amurka. &lt;ref name=&quot;npr.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kibbe at the Crossroads: A Lebanese Kitchen Story |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18547399 |access-date=13 November 2017 |website=npr.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Kalmar zamani ''kibbeh'' ( {{Lang|ar|كبة}} ) an samo shi ne daga tushen Larabci kbb ( {{Lang|ar|ك-ب-ب}} ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=تعريف و شرح و معنى كبة بالعربي في معاجم اللغة العربية معجم المعاني الجامع1 |url=https://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A9/ |access-date=16 November 2025 |website=[[Almaany]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Amfani da ''kubbeh'' don sanya abinci a cikin abinci mai cikewa wataƙila ya samo asali ne daga harshen Akkadian ''na kubbu'' . 

Littafin girke-girke na karni na 10 na Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq ya kira nama da ''kubab'' ( ''kubba'' guda daya). 

== Tarihi ==
Kamar yadda masanin tarihin abinci Nawal Nasrallah ya lura, ambaton kibbeh na zamani na farko, wanda aka yi da harsashi mai cike da nama da hatsi, yana cikin littafin ''Taj al-'Arus min Jawahir al-Qamus'' na ƙarni na 18. Rubutun ya bayyana shi a matsayin faifan nama da aka niƙa da garin shinkafa da mutanen &quot;al-Sham&quot; (Levant) suka yi. 

William McClure Thomson, wani mai wa'azin addinin Methodist na Amurka, ya lura a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa a lokacin ziyararsa ta 1847 zuwa Lebanon cewa kibbeh, wanda aka yi ta hanyar niƙa alkama da turmi, ya shahara sosai.  Ya bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;abincin ƙasa na Larabawa&quot;, duk da alaƙarsa da Levant. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chapter 8 - Sidon - William M. Thomson (#103253) - Bible Truth Library |url=https://www.bibletruthpublishers.com/chapter-8-sidon/william-m-thomson/land-and-the-book/la103253 |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=www.bibletruthpublishers.com |quote=He is braying wheat with a pestle in a mortar, to make kibby, the national dish of the Arabs, and a very good one it is. Every family has one or more of these large stone mortars, and you may hear the sound of the “braying” at all hours as you walk the streets of the city.}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;makinglevantinecuisine2021&quot; /&gt; Masanin Gabas na Sweden {{Interlanguage link|Jacob Berggren|sv|Jacob Berggren}} ya bayyana nau'ikan kibbeh guda 8 a cikin ƙamus ɗinsa na 1844, kuma ya ambaci karin magana game da muhimmancinsa a zamantakewa: &quot;[...], ba tare da koubbé ɗinmu ba, da mun mutu duka&quot;. 

Littafin girke-girke na Beirut ''Ustadh al-Tabbakhin'' na 1885 na marubuci {{Interlanguage link|Khalil Khattar Sarkis|ar|خليل خطار سركيس}} ya bayar da girke-girke 15 na kibbeh, gami da girke-girke na ''kibbeh labaniyyeh'', ''kiyyeh bil siniyyeh'', ''kibbeh mashwiyyeh'', da sauransu.  ''Littafin Kwatancen Aleppo'' na marubucin Siriya Khayr al-Din al-Asadi (wanda aka kammala a shekarar 1971, wanda aka buga bayan mutuwarsa a shekarar 1981) ya bayyana nau'ikan ''kibbeh'' guda 58 daban-daban. 

== Bambancin ==

=== Levant ===
[[Fayil:Kibbeh_Nayyeh.jpg|thumb|''Kibbeh nayyeh'']]
''Kibbeh nayyeh'' abinci ne da aka dafa daga cakuda bulgur, naman rago ko naman sa da aka niƙa sosai kamar nama tartare, da kayan ƙanshi na Levantine, ana yin sa a kan faranti, galibi a matsayin wani ɓangare na ''meze'' a [[Lebanon]] da [[Siriya]], ana ƙawata shi da ganyen na'a da man zaitun, kuma ana yin sa da albasa ko albasa kore, barkono mai zafi kore, da burodin pita ko ''markouk'' .  Saboda ''kibbeh nayyeh'' danye ne, yana buƙatar nama mai inganci don shiryawa kuma an gan shi a matsayin hanyar gargajiya don girmama baƙi. 
[[Fayil:كبة_لبنية.jpg|left|thumb|Levantine ''kibbeh labaniyeh'']]
Kibbeh labaniyeh ( Arabic   ) wani nau'in kibbeh ne da ake dafa shi a cikin yoghurt miya sannan a kai shi kan shinkafa. Ya shahara a Lebanon da Siriya.   ''kibbeh mishwiyyeh'' ( Arabic   ) kibbeh ne wanda aka gasa maimakon soyayye.  

''Kibbeh bil siniyeh'' ( Levantine Arabic   ) wani nau'in kibbeh ne wanda ake haɗa naman a tsakanin kullu biyu na kibbeh sannan a gasa shi; yana da shahara a Lebanon da Siriya.   &lt;ref name=&quot;foodandwine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 Dec 2020 |title=Kibbeh Bil Sanieh |url=https://www.foodandwine.com/recipes/kibbeh-bil-sanieh |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=[[Food &amp; Wine]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
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      <text bytes="6797" sha1="c08nxv24xsmzrgz22zqaghbqonhbudv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kibbeh''' / / ˈkɪbi / , kuma '''kubba''' da sauran haruffa; Arabic     ; Egyptian Arabic     ) abinci ne mai shahara a ƙasashen Larabawa musamman Levant, wanda aka yi da nama mai laushi da alkama bulgur . Ana ɗaukar Kibbeh a matsayin abincin ƙasa na [[Lebanon]] da [[Siriya]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;nationalgeographic.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-09-13 |title=Top 10 National Dishes -- National Geographic |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014060413/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/ |archive-date=October 14, 2016 |access-date=2020-08-08 |website=Travel |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;     

A cikin abincin Levantine, ana yin kibbeh ta hanyar niƙa alkama bulgur tare da nama zuwa manna mai kyau sannan a samar da shi siffofi marasa kama, tare da goro da aka gasa da kayan ƙanshi. Haka kuma ana iya shimfiɗa shi a kan tire, a soya shi sosai, a gasa shi, ko a yi masa hidima da ɗanye . [1] Birnin Aleppo na Siriya na iya ɗaukar aƙalla nau'ikan kibbeh guda 17. [2] A cikin abincin Mesopotamian, ana samun nau'ikan shinkafa ko farina . [3]

A wajen Lebanon da Siriya, ana samun nau'ikan &lt;ref name=&quot;nationalgeographic.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-09-13 |title=Top 10 National Dishes -- National Geographic |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014060413/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/ |archive-date=October 14, 2016 |access-date=2020-08-08 |website=Travel |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20161014060413/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/ &quot;Top 10 National Dishes -- National Geographic&quot;]. ''Travel''. 13 September 2011. Archived from [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/ the original] on 14 October 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;8 August&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; a [[Cyprus]], [[Misra|Masar]], [[Isra'ila]], [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Falasdinu]], Tekun Farisa, [[Armeniya|Armenia]], da [[Turkiyya]],  da kuma tsakanin mutanen Assuriya .  Haka kuma ana samunsa a duk faɗin ƙasashen Latin Amurka waɗanda suka sami adadi mai yawa na baƙi daga Levant a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20,  da kuma sassan Arewacin Amurka. &lt;ref name=&quot;npr.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kibbe at the Crossroads: A Lebanese Kitchen Story |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18547399 |access-date=13 November 2017 |website=npr.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Kalmar zamani ''kibbeh'' ( {{Lang|ar|كبة}} ) an samo shi ne daga tushen Larabci kbb ( {{Lang|ar|ك-ب-ب}} ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=تعريف و شرح و معنى كبة بالعربي في معاجم اللغة العربية معجم المعاني الجامع1 |url=https://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A9/ |access-date=16 November 2025 |website=[[Almaany]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Amfani da ''kubbeh'' don sanya abinci a cikin abinci mai cikewa wataƙila ya samo asali ne daga harshen Akkadian ''na kubbu'' . 

Littafin girke-girke na karni na 10 na Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq ya kira nama da ''kubab'' ( ''kubba'' guda daya). 

== Tarihi ==
Kamar yadda masanin tarihin abinci Nawal Nasrallah ya lura, ambaton kibbeh na zamani na farko, wanda aka yi da harsashi mai cike da nama da hatsi, yana cikin littafin ''Taj al-'Arus min Jawahir al-Qamus'' na ƙarni na 18. Rubutun ya bayyana shi a matsayin faifan nama da aka niƙa da garin shinkafa da mutanen &quot;al-Sham&quot; (Levant) suka yi. 

William McClure Thomson, wani mai wa'azin addinin Methodist na Amurka, ya lura a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa a lokacin ziyararsa ta 1847 zuwa Lebanon cewa kibbeh, wanda aka yi ta hanyar niƙa alkama da turmi, ya shahara sosai.  Ya bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;abincin ƙasa na Larabawa&quot;, duk da alaƙarsa da Levant. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chapter 8 - Sidon - William M. Thomson (#103253) - Bible Truth Library |url=https://www.bibletruthpublishers.com/chapter-8-sidon/william-m-thomson/land-and-the-book/la103253 |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=www.bibletruthpublishers.com |quote=He is braying wheat with a pestle in a mortar, to make kibby, the national dish of the Arabs, and a very good one it is. Every family has one or more of these large stone mortars, and you may hear the sound of the “braying” at all hours as you walk the streets of the city.}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;makinglevantinecuisine2021&quot; /&gt; Masanin Gabas na Sweden {{Interlanguage link|Jacob Berggren|sv|Jacob Berggren}} ya bayyana nau'ikan kibbeh guda 8 a cikin ƙamus ɗinsa na 1844, kuma ya ambaci karin magana game da muhimmancinsa a zamantakewa: &quot;[...], ba tare da koubbé ɗinmu ba, da mun mutu duka&quot;. 

Littafin girke-girke na Beirut ''Ustadh al-Tabbakhin'' na 1885 na marubuci {{Interlanguage link|Khalil Khattar Sarkis|ar|خليل خطار سركيس}} ya bayar da girke-girke 15 na kibbeh, gami da girke-girke na ''kibbeh labaniyyeh'', ''kiyyeh bil siniyyeh'', ''kibbeh mashwiyyeh'', da sauransu.  ''Littafin Kwatancen Aleppo'' na marubucin Siriya Khayr al-Din al-Asadi (wanda aka kammala a shekarar 1971, wanda aka buga bayan mutuwarsa a shekarar 1981) ya bayyana nau'ikan ''kibbeh'' guda 58 daban-daban. 

== Bambancin ==

=== Levant ===
[[Fayil:Kibbeh_Nayyeh.jpg|thumb|''Kibbeh nayyeh'']]
''Kibbeh nayyeh'' abinci ne da aka dafa daga cakuda bulgur, naman rago ko naman sa da aka niƙa sosai kamar nama tartare, da kayan ƙanshi na Levantine, ana yin sa a kan faranti, galibi a matsayin wani ɓangare na ''meze'' a [[Lebanon]] da [[Siriya]], ana ƙawata shi da ganyen na'a da man zaitun, kuma ana yin sa da albasa ko albasa kore, barkono mai zafi kore, da burodin pita ko ''markouk'' .  Saboda ''kibbeh nayyeh'' danye ne, yana buƙatar nama mai inganci don shiryawa kuma an gan shi a matsayin hanyar gargajiya don girmama baƙi. 
[[Fayil:كبة_لبنية.jpg|left|thumb|Levantine ''kibbeh labaniyeh'']]
Kibbeh labaniyeh ( Arabic   ) wani nau'in kibbeh ne da ake dafa shi a cikin yoghurt miya sannan a kai shi kan shinkafa. Ya shahara a Lebanon da Siriya.   ''kibbeh mishwiyyeh'' ( Arabic   ) kibbeh ne wanda aka gasa maimakon soyayye.  

''Kibbeh bil siniyeh'' ( Levantine Arabic   ) wani nau'in kibbeh ne wanda ake haɗa naman a tsakanin kullu biyu na kibbeh sannan a gasa shi; yana da shahara a Lebanon da Siriya.   &lt;ref name=&quot;foodandwine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 Dec 2020 |title=Kibbeh Bil Sanieh |url=https://www.foodandwine.com/recipes/kibbeh-bil-sanieh |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=[[Food &amp; Wine]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fit-fit</title>
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    <id>148950</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829094</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T10:55:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323793024|Fit-fit]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2220" sha1="exvc10ccviiffg2b2k5usjzp4ts6rql" xml:space="preserve">'''Fit-fit''' ko '''fir-fir''' ( Ge'ez   ''fətfət'' ; frorፍ ''fərfər'' ), ( [[Harshen Oromo|Oromo]] : ''chechebsaa'' ), abinci ne na Habasha wanda galibi ake bayarwa azaman karin kumallo. Yawanci ana yin sa ne da burodin Habasha mai faɗi ( [[injera]] ko kitcha ), man shanu mai haske ( niter kibbeh ), da kuma cakuda kayan ƙanshi mai zafi da ake kira berbere . Fit-fit ana yin sa ne ta hanyar shirya miya daga man shanu da kayan ƙanshi, sannan a haɗa shi da burodin da aka yanka. Akwai manyan nau'ikan fit-fit guda biyu dangane da nau'in burodin da ake amfani da shi: injera mai laushi da kitcha marar yisti.

== Injera Fit-Fit ==
''[[Injera]] fit-fit'' (enjera fetfet;  kuma ''taita fit-fit'' a Tigrinya) haɗin injera ne da aka yanka, berbere, [[albasa]], da man shanu mai haske. Bambancin da ke kan wannan girke-girke na asali sun zama ruwan dare  inda ake amfani da sunan ƙarin kayan azaman prefix (misali injera tare da ''shiro'' ana kiransa ''shiro fit-fit'' ).

A ƙasar Eritrea, sau da yawa ana ƙara miyar nama ( ''zighni'' ko ''tsebhi'' ) a cikin injera fit-fit kuma a ba da ita don karin kumallo tare da barkono danye da yoghurt a gefe. Hakazalika, a ƙasar Habasha, ana amfani da ragowar ''[[Wat (abinci)|wat]]'' a matsayin babban sinadari tare da ''injera.'' Hakanan ana iya ƙara nama mai yanka da ƙwai da aka dafa.

Ana iya cin Injera Fit-Fit da cokali idan aka yi hidima a cikin kwano ko kuma a ci da hannun dama idan aka yi hidima a saman wani yanki na injera kamar yadda aka saba a cikin abincin Habasha ko Eritrea.

== Kitcha Fit-Fit ==
[[Fayil:Kitcha_fit_fit.png|right|thumb|Kitcha fit-fit ana yin sa da cokali ɗaya na yogurt sabo sannan a ɗora masa berbere (kayan ƙanshi).]]
Kitcha fit-fit (bambance-bambance a cikin Habasha: kitta fer-fer, kita fir-fir; sananne da sunan Oromo chechebsa ) hade ne na shredded kitcha (Tigrinya) ko kitta (Amharic), berbere, da man shanu mai tsabta. Wani lokaci ana cin Kitcha fit-fit tare da yoghurt bayyananne ( urgo in Amharic da rug-o a Tigrinya). Ba kamar yawancin abinci na Habasha ba, ana cin shi da kayan aiki (yawanci cokali).

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin abincin Afirka
* Jerin abincin burodi
* Jerin abinci da abinci na Habasha

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>exvc10ccviiffg2b2k5usjzp4ts6rql</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>829096</id>
      <parentid>829094</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T10:57:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323793024|Fit-fit]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2425" sha1="1les14xw65tial3cpjjjhfbqr8d0zj3" xml:space="preserve">'''Fit-fit''' ko '''fir-fir''' ( Ge'ez   ''fətfət'' ; frorፍ ''fərfər'' ), ( [[Harshen Oromo|Oromo]] : ''chechebsaa'' ), abinci ne na Habasha wanda galibi ake bayarwa azaman karin kumallo. Yawanci ana yin sa ne da burodin Habasha mai faɗi ( [[injera]] ko kitcha ), man shanu mai haske ( niter kibbeh ), da kuma cakuda kayan ƙanshi mai zafi da ake kira berbere . Fit-fit ana yin sa ne ta hanyar shirya miya daga man shanu da kayan ƙanshi, sannan a haɗa shi da burodin da aka yanka. Akwai manyan nau'ikan fit-fit guda biyu dangane da nau'in burodin da ake amfani da shi: injera mai laushi da kitcha marar yisti.&lt;ref&gt;Federal Ministry of Health (Ethiopia) (September 2008). &quot;Glossary&quot; (PDF). National Guidelines for HIV/AIDS and Nutrition. Pronutrition.org. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-26.3&lt;/ref&gt;

== Injera Fit-Fit ==
''[[Injera]] fit-fit'' (enjera fetfet;  kuma ''taita fit-fit'' a Tigrinya) haɗin injera ne da aka yanka, berbere, [[albasa]], da man shanu mai haske. Bambancin da ke kan wannan girke-girke na asali sun zama ruwan dare  inda ake amfani da sunan ƙarin kayan azaman prefix (misali injera tare da ''shiro'' ana kiransa ''shiro fit-fit'' ).

A ƙasar Eritrea, sau da yawa ana ƙara miyar nama ( ''zighni'' ko ''tsebhi'' ) a cikin injera fit-fit kuma a ba da ita don karin kumallo tare da barkono danye da yoghurt a gefe. Hakazalika, a ƙasar Habasha, ana amfani da ragowar ''[[Wat (abinci)|wat]]'' a matsayin babban sinadari tare da ''injera.'' Hakanan ana iya ƙara nama mai yanka da ƙwai da aka dafa.

Ana iya cin Injera Fit-Fit da cokali idan aka yi hidima a cikin kwano ko kuma a ci da hannun dama idan aka yi hidima a saman wani yanki na injera kamar yadda aka saba a cikin abincin Habasha ko Eritrea.

== Kitcha Fit-Fit ==
[[Fayil:Kitcha_fit_fit.png|right|thumb|Kitcha fit-fit ana yin sa da cokali ɗaya na yogurt sabo sannan a ɗora masa berbere (kayan ƙanshi).]]
Kitcha fit-fit (bambance-bambance a cikin Habasha: kitta fer-fer, kita fir-fir; sananne da sunan Oromo chechebsa ) hade ne na shredded kitcha (Tigrinya) ko kitta (Amharic), berbere, da man shanu mai tsabta. Wani lokaci ana cin Kitcha fit-fit tare da yoghurt bayyananne ( urgo in Amharic da rug-o a Tigrinya). Ba kamar yawancin abinci na Habasha ba, ana cin shi da kayan aiki (yawanci cokali).

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin abincin Afirka
* Jerin abincin burodi
* Jerin abinci da abinci na Habasha

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Fit-fit''' ko '''fir-fir''' ( Ge'ez   ''fətfət'' ; frorፍ ''fərfər'' ), ( [[Harshen Oromo|Oromo]] : ''chechebsaa'' ), abinci ne na Habasha wanda galibi ake bayarwa azaman karin kumallo. Yawanci ana yin sa ne da burodin Habasha mai faɗi ( [[injera]] ko kitcha ), man shanu mai haske ( niter kibbeh ), da kuma cakuda kayan ƙanshi mai zafi da ake kira berbere . Fit-fit ana yin sa ne ta hanyar shirya miya daga man shanu da kayan ƙanshi, sannan a haɗa shi da burodin da aka yanka. Akwai manyan nau'ikan fit-fit guda biyu dangane da nau'in burodin da ake amfani da shi: injera mai laushi da kitcha marar yisti.&lt;ref&gt;Federal Ministry of Health (Ethiopia) (September 2008). &quot;Glossary&quot; (PDF). National Guidelines for HIV/AIDS and Nutrition. Pronutrition.org. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-26.3&lt;/ref&gt;

== Injera Fit-Fit ==
''[[Injera]] fit-fit'' (enjera fetfet;  kuma ''taita fit-fit'' a Tigrinya) haɗin injera ne da aka yanka, berbere, [[albasa]], da man shanu mai haske. Bambancin da ke kan wannan girke-girke na asali sun zama ruwan dare  inda ake amfani da sunan ƙarin kayan azaman prefix (misali injera tare da ''shiro'' ana kiransa ''shiro fit-fit'' ).

A ƙasar Eritrea, sau da yawa ana ƙara miyar nama ( ''zighni'' ko ''tsebhi'' ) a cikin injera fit-fit kuma a ba da ita don karin kumallo tare da barkono danye da yoghurt a gefe. Hakazalika, a ƙasar Habasha, ana amfani da ragowar ''[[Wat (abinci)|wat]]'' a matsayin babban sinadari tare da ''injera.'' Hakanan ana iya ƙara nama mai yanka da ƙwai da aka dafa.

Ana iya cin Injera Fit-Fit da cokali idan aka yi hidima a cikin kwano ko kuma a ci da hannun dama idan aka yi hidima a saman wani yanki na injera kamar yadda aka saba a cikin abincin Habasha ko Eritrea.

== Kitcha Fit-Fit ==
[[Fayil:Kitcha_fit_fit.png|right|thumb|Kitcha fit-fit ana yin sa da cokali ɗaya na yogurt sabo sannan a ɗora masa berbere (kayan ƙanshi).]]
Kitcha fit-fit (bambance-bambance a cikin Habasha: kitta fer-fer, kita fir-fir; sananne da sunan Oromo chechebsa ) hade ne na shredded kitcha (Tigrinya) ko kitta (Amharic), berbere, da man shanu mai tsabta. Wani lokaci ana cin Kitcha fit-fit tare da yoghurt bayyananne ( urgo in Amharic da rug-o a Tigrinya). Ba kamar yawancin abinci na Habasha ba, ana cin shi da kayan aiki (yawanci cokali).

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin abincin Afirka
* Jerin abincin burodi
* Jerin abinci da abinci na Habasha

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>hija3c7gvjquc2osqdz1h9wfh0xwljc</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Dabo kolo</title>
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      <text bytes="2218" sha1="5x9696fhl88tgp6b0ktbo8y3yil3z2p" xml:space="preserve">'''Dabo kolo''' ( Amharic         ; Oromo   ) wani abun ciye-ciye ne na Habasha da [[Abincin Eritrea|Eritrea]] da kuma abincin yatsa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan gutsuttsuran kullu soyayyen kayan ƙanshi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt; |date= |title=Dabo Kolo. Traditional Snack From Ethiopia |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/dabo-kolo |access-date=27 May 2021 |website=www.tasteatlas.com |publisher= |quote=Dabo kolo is an Ethiopian snack with a spicy flavor and crunchy texture, consisting of flour, sugar, salt, water, butter, and [[berbere|berberé]] spices.}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{YouTube|title=Ethiopian Food - Dabo Kolo - Sweet snack eaten with Coffee - Buna}}. Ingredients are hot water, salt, sugar, oil, and colouring. The dough is kneaded to a long roll, then cut to small pieces of sweetcorn size, and fried in hot oil for 3 minutes. Video of 1m 51s. Retrieved 27 May 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; {{Transl|am|Dabo kolo}} yana nufin burodin masara a yaren Amharic, tare da {{Transl|am|dabo}} yana nufin &quot;burodi&quot;, kuma {{Transl|am|[[kolo (bread)|kolo]]}} yana nufin &quot;masara&quot; ko abun ciye-ciye wanda ya ƙunshi hatsi gasashe, kamar [[sha'ir]], chickpeas, tsaba [[Duba Rana|sunflower]], ko haɗuwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt; |date= |title=Kolo. Traditional Snack From Ethiopia - TasteAtlas |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/kolo |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=www.tasteatlas.com |publisher= |quote=Kolo is a traditional Ethiopian snack consisting of a combination of roasted grains such as barley, chickpeas, and sunflower seeds.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kolo bread wrapped in a paper cone is often sold by local kiosks and street vendors. It is prepared by frying small pieces of dough cut from rolls. Sometimes honey is added to make dabo kolo sweeter. Dabo kolo is also considered a Congolese finger food.[1] A rare alternative recipe is dabo kolo made from coffee beans.[2]

== Bukukuwa ==
{{Transl|am|Dabo kolo}} is a special dish during the [[Enkutatash|Ethiopian New Year]] festivities. It is traditionally served during [[Shabbat#Rituals|Shabbat meals]] by the [[Beta Israel]] ([[History of the Jews in Ethiopia|Ethiopian Jews]]).

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin abinci da abinci na Habasha da Eritrea
* Popcorn

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Dabo kolo''' ( Amharic         ; Oromo   ) wani abun ciye-ciye ne na Habasha da [[Abincin Eritrea|Eritrea]] da kuma abincin yatsa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan gutsuttsuran kullu soyayyen kayan ƙanshi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt; |date= |title=Dabo Kolo. Traditional Snack From Ethiopia |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/dabo-kolo |access-date=27 May 2021 |website=www.tasteatlas.com |publisher= |quote=Dabo kolo is an Ethiopian snack with a spicy flavor and crunchy texture, consisting of flour, sugar, salt, water, butter, and [[berbere|berberé]] spices.}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{YouTube|title=Ethiopian Food - Dabo Kolo - Sweet snack eaten with Coffee - Buna}}. Ingredients are hot water, salt, sugar, oil, and colouring. The dough is kneaded to a long roll, then cut to small pieces of sweetcorn size, and fried in hot oil for 3 minutes. Video of 1m 51s. Retrieved 27 May 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; {{Transl|am|Dabo kolo}} yana nufin burodin masara a yaren Amharic, tare da {{Transl|am|dabo}} yana nufin &quot;burodi&quot;, kuma {{Transl|am|[[kolo (bread)|kolo]]}} yana nufin &quot;masara&quot; ko abun ciye-ciye wanda ya ƙunshi hatsi gasashe, kamar [[sha'ir]], chickpeas, tsaba [[Duba Rana|sunflower]], ko haɗuwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt; |date= |title=Kolo. Traditional Snack From Ethiopia - TasteAtlas |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/kolo |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=www.tasteatlas.com |publisher= |quote=Kolo is a traditional Ethiopian snack consisting of a combination of roasted grains such as barley, chickpeas, and sunflower seeds.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kolo bread wrapped in a paper cone is often sold by local kiosks and street vendors. It is prepared by frying small pieces of dough cut from rolls. Sometimes honey is added to make dabo kolo sweeter. Dabo kolo is also considered a Congolese finger food.[1] A rare alternative recipe is dabo kolo made from coffee beans.[2]

== Bukukuwa ==
{{Transl|am|Dabo kolo}} is a special dish during the [[Enkutatash|Ethiopian New Year]] festivities. It is traditionally served during [[Shabbat#Rituals|Shabbat meals]] by the [[Beta Israel]] ([[History of the Jews in Ethiopia|Ethiopian Jews]]).

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin abinci da abinci na Habasha da Eritrea
* Popcorn

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nsenene</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347366099|Nsenene]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Nsenene''' shine sunan Luganda na '''''Ruspolia differens''''' : &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=species Ruspolia differens (Serville, 1838): Orthoptera Species File |url=http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1134290 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130182446/http://orthoptera.archive.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1134290 |archive-date=2024-11-30 |access-date=2020-04-15 |website=orthoptera.speciesfile.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ssepuuya |first=Geoffrey |last2=Wynants |first2=Enya |last3=Verreth |first3=Christel |last4=Crauwels |first4=Sam |last5=Lievens |first5=Bart |last6=Claes |first6=Johan |last7=Nakimbugwe |first7=Dorothy |last8=Van Campenhout |first8=Leen |date=2019-02-01 |title=Microbial characterisation of the edible grasshopper Ruspolia different in raw condition after wild-harvesting in Uganda |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740002018305240 |journal=Food Microbiology |language=en |volume=77 |pages=106–117 |doi=10.1016/j.fm.2018.09.005 |issn=0740-0020 |pmid=30297041 |s2cid=52940781 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; wani nau'in kurket na daji (wanda aka fi sani da katydids ko kuma &quot;tsutsotsi masu dogon ƙaho&quot;) a cikin ƙabilar Copiphorini na dangin 'mazugi'. Sau da yawa ana rikitar da shi da ''Ruspolia nitidula'' mai alaƙa da shi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Matojo |first=Nicodemus D. |last2=Hosea |first2=Keneth M. |date=2013-05-21 |title=Phylogenetic Relationship of the Longhorn Grasshopper Ruspolia differens Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Northwest Tanzania Based on 18S Ribosomal Nuclear Sequences |journal=Journal of Insects |language=en |volume=2013 |doi=10.1155/2013/504285 |issn=2356-7465 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Leonard |first=Alfonce |last2=Khamis |first2=Fathiya M |last3=Egonyu |first3=James P |last4=Kyamanywa |first4=Samuel |last5=Ekesi |first5=Sunday |last6=Tanga |first6=Chrysantus M |last7=Copeland |first7=Robert S |last8=Subramanian |first8=Sevgan |date=2020-10-16 |editor-last=Liu |editor-first=Tong-Xian |title=Identification of Edible Short- and Long-Horned Grasshoppers and Their Host Plants in East Africa |url=https://academic.oup.com/jee/article/113/5/2150/5892968 |journal=Journal of Economic Entomology |language=en |volume=113 |issue=5 |pages=2150–2162 |doi=10.1093/jee/toaa166 |issn=0022-0493 |pmid=33063829 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rarrabawa da imani na gargajiya ==
Nsenene (wanda aka fi sani da &quot;Senene&quot;). Wannan abincin na yanayi an daɗe ana saninsa da ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan abinci da yawa na Masarautar Buganda ta Uganda. Wannan nau'in abinci ne mai daɗi a tsakiya da kudu maso yammacin [[Uganda]] . Ana kuma samun wannan kwari a [[Afirka ta Kudu]], [[Malawi]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Congo]], [[Ghana]], [[Kenya]], [[Burundi]], [[Kamaru]], [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]], [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], da [[Moris|Mauritius]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malinga |first=Geoffrey M |last2=Acur |first2=Amos |last3=Ocen |first3=Patrick |last4=Holm |first4=Sille |last5=Rutaro |first5=Karlmax |last6=Ochaya |first6=Stephen |last7=Kinyuru |first7=John N |last8=Eilenberg |first8=Jørgen |last9=Roos |first9=Nanna |last10=Valtonen |first10=Anu |last11=Nyeko |first11=Philip |last12=Roininen |first12=Heikki |date=2022-05-07 |title=Growth and Reproductive Performance of Edible Grasshopper (''Ruspolia differens'') on Different Artificial Diets |journal=Journal of Economic Entomology |volume=115 |issue=3 |pages=724–730 |doi=10.1093/jee/toac053 |issn=0022-0493 |pmid=35524751}}&lt;/ref&gt; A Uganda, suna da alaƙa musamman da yankin tsakiya da kudu maso yamma, kamar Buganda da sassan Masaka. Nau'in yana fitowa daga cikin cunkoso a lokacin damina, yawanci a kusa da Mayu da Nuwamba, kuma ya zama abin da ake sa rai a kai a lokacin yanayi. A cikin al'adun Uganda, nsenene suna da alaƙa mai mahimmanci ta gargajiya da zamantakewa. Daga cikin mutanen Baganda na masarautar Buganda, a tarihi, ana ɗaukar nsenene a matsayin abincin al'adu kuma, a wasu labaran, sun kasance wani ɓangare na al'adun gargajiya game da dangantaka da musayar zamantakewa. A al'ada, mata da yara suna shiga cikin tattara ƙwayoyin nsenene a lokacin damina, kuma ana ba da ƙwarin ga maza a matsayin wani ɓangare na neman aure ko kuma bayar da kyauta ga mata da miji. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mmari |first=Mercy W. |last2=Kinyuru |first2=John N. |last3=Laswai |first3=Henry S. |last4=Okoth |first4=Judith K. |date=2017-11-13 |title=Traditions, beliefs and indigenous technologies in connection with the edible longhorn grasshopper Ruspolia differens (Serville 1838) in Tanzania |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=60 |doi=10.1186/s13002-017-0191-6 |issn=1746-4269 |pmc=5683242 |pmid=29132398 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fried Grasshopper Is a Popular Bar Snack In Uganda |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/foods/nsenene-grasshopper-uganda |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A tarihi, wasu akidu na gida sun hana mata cin nsenene, inda al'adu ke nuna cewa matan da suka ci fara na iya fuskantar mummunan sakamako kamar haihuwar yara masu halaye na musamman. Irin waɗannan akidu sun ragu a hankali tare da sauyin zamantakewa na zamani, kuma maza da mata na kowane zamani suna cinye nsenene a yau a yankunan da ake cin kwari. [1]

Bayan Uganda, nsene yana da mahimmancin al'adu a ƙasashen da ke makwabtaka da ita. Misali, a tsakanin mutanen Haya na Tanzania, ana ba da fara da ake ci a al'ada a matsayin alamun girmamawa da karimci, kuma ana cinye su sosai a cikin al'ummomi. A cikin waɗannan yanayi, cin kwari ba wai kawai aikin abinci ba ne, har ma yana da alaƙa da ilimin gargajiya game da abinci mai gina jiki da ƙimar al'umma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mmari |first=Mercy W. |last2=Kinyuru |first2=John N. |last3=Laswai |first3=Henry S. |last4=Okoth |first4=Judith K. |date=2017-11-13 |title=Traditions, beliefs and indigenous technologies in connection with the edible longhorn grasshopper Ruspolia differens (Serville 1838) in Tanzania |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-017-0191-6 |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=60 |doi=10.1186/s13002-017-0191-6 |issn=1746-4269 |pmc=5683242 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Nsenene.JPG|thumb|Nsenene da aka dafa]]

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'''Nsenene''' shine sunan Luganda na '''''Ruspolia differens''''' : &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=species Ruspolia differens (Serville, 1838): Orthoptera Species File |url=http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1134290 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130182446/http://orthoptera.archive.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1134290 |archive-date=2024-11-30 |access-date=2020-04-15 |website=orthoptera.speciesfile.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ssepuuya |first=Geoffrey |last2=Wynants |first2=Enya |last3=Verreth |first3=Christel |last4=Crauwels |first4=Sam |last5=Lievens |first5=Bart |last6=Claes |first6=Johan |last7=Nakimbugwe |first7=Dorothy |last8=Van Campenhout |first8=Leen |date=2019-02-01 |title=Microbial characterisation of the edible grasshopper Ruspolia different in raw condition after wild-harvesting in Uganda |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740002018305240 |journal=Food Microbiology |language=en |volume=77 |pages=106–117 |doi=10.1016/j.fm.2018.09.005 |issn=0740-0020 |pmid=30297041 |s2cid=52940781 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; wani nau'in kurket na daji (wanda aka fi sani da katydids ko kuma &quot;tsutsotsi masu dogon ƙaho&quot;) a cikin ƙabilar Copiphorini na dangin 'mazugi'. Sau da yawa ana rikitar da shi da ''Ruspolia nitidula'' mai alaƙa da shi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Matojo |first=Nicodemus D. |last2=Hosea |first2=Keneth M. |date=2013-05-21 |title=Phylogenetic Relationship of the Longhorn Grasshopper Ruspolia differens Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Northwest Tanzania Based on 18S Ribosomal Nuclear Sequences |journal=Journal of Insects |language=en |volume=2013 |doi=10.1155/2013/504285 |issn=2356-7465 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Leonard |first=Alfonce |last2=Khamis |first2=Fathiya M |last3=Egonyu |first3=James P |last4=Kyamanywa |first4=Samuel |last5=Ekesi |first5=Sunday |last6=Tanga |first6=Chrysantus M |last7=Copeland |first7=Robert S |last8=Subramanian |first8=Sevgan |date=2020-10-16 |editor-last=Liu |editor-first=Tong-Xian |title=Identification of Edible Short- and Long-Horned Grasshoppers and Their Host Plants in East Africa |url=https://academic.oup.com/jee/article/113/5/2150/5892968 |journal=Journal of Economic Entomology |language=en |volume=113 |issue=5 |pages=2150–2162 |doi=10.1093/jee/toaa166 |issn=0022-0493 |pmid=33063829 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rarrabawa da imani na gargajiya ==
Nsenene (wanda aka fi sani da &quot;Senene&quot;). Wannan abincin na yanayi an daɗe ana saninsa da ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan abinci da yawa na Masarautar Buganda ta Uganda. Wannan nau'in abinci ne mai daɗi a tsakiya da kudu maso yammacin [[Uganda]] . Ana kuma samun wannan kwari a [[Afirka ta Kudu]], [[Malawi]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Congo]], [[Ghana]], [[Kenya]], [[Burundi]], [[Kamaru]], [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]], [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], da [[Moris|Mauritius]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malinga |first=Geoffrey M |last2=Acur |first2=Amos |last3=Ocen |first3=Patrick |last4=Holm |first4=Sille |last5=Rutaro |first5=Karlmax |last6=Ochaya |first6=Stephen |last7=Kinyuru |first7=John N |last8=Eilenberg |first8=Jørgen |last9=Roos |first9=Nanna |last10=Valtonen |first10=Anu |last11=Nyeko |first11=Philip |last12=Roininen |first12=Heikki |date=2022-05-07 |title=Growth and Reproductive Performance of Edible Grasshopper (''Ruspolia differens'') on Different Artificial Diets |journal=Journal of Economic Entomology |volume=115 |issue=3 |pages=724–730 |doi=10.1093/jee/toac053 |issn=0022-0493 |pmid=35524751}}&lt;/ref&gt; A Uganda, suna da alaƙa musamman da yankin tsakiya da kudu maso yamma, kamar Buganda da sassan Masaka. Nau'in yana fitowa daga cikin cunkoso a lokacin damina, yawanci a kusa da Mayu da Nuwamba, kuma ya zama abin da ake sa rai a kai a lokacin yanayi. A cikin al'adun Uganda, nsenene suna da alaƙa mai mahimmanci ta gargajiya da zamantakewa. Daga cikin mutanen Baganda na masarautar Buganda, a tarihi, ana ɗaukar nsenene a matsayin abincin al'adu kuma, a wasu labaran, sun kasance wani ɓangare na al'adun gargajiya game da dangantaka da musayar zamantakewa. A al'ada, mata da yara suna shiga cikin tattara ƙwayoyin nsenene a lokacin damina, kuma ana ba da ƙwarin ga maza a matsayin wani ɓangare na neman aure ko kuma bayar da kyauta ga mata da miji. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mmari |first=Mercy W. |last2=Kinyuru |first2=John N. |last3=Laswai |first3=Henry S. |last4=Okoth |first4=Judith K. |date=2017-11-13 |title=Traditions, beliefs and indigenous technologies in connection with the edible longhorn grasshopper Ruspolia differens (Serville 1838) in Tanzania |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=60 |doi=10.1186/s13002-017-0191-6 |issn=1746-4269 |pmc=5683242 |pmid=29132398 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fried Grasshopper Is a Popular Bar Snack In Uganda |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/foods/nsenene-grasshopper-uganda |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A tarihi, wasu akidu na gida sun hana mata cin nsenene, inda al'adu ke nuna cewa matan da suka ci fara na iya fuskantar mummunan sakamako kamar haihuwar yara masu halaye na musamman. Irin waɗannan akidu sun ragu a hankali tare da sauyin zamantakewa na zamani, kuma maza da mata na kowane zamani suna cinye nsenene a yau a yankunan da ake cin kwari. [1]

Bayan Uganda, nsene yana da mahimmancin al'adu a ƙasashen da ke makwabtaka da ita. Misali, a tsakanin mutanen Haya na Tanzania, ana ba da fara da ake ci a al'ada a matsayin alamun girmamawa da karimci, kuma ana cinye su sosai a cikin al'ummomi. A cikin waɗannan yanayi, cin kwari ba wai kawai aikin abinci ba ne, har ma yana da alaƙa da ilimin gargajiya game da abinci mai gina jiki da ƙimar al'umma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mmari |first=Mercy W. |last2=Kinyuru |first2=John N. |last3=Laswai |first3=Henry S. |last4=Okoth |first4=Judith K. |date=2017-11-13 |title=Traditions, beliefs and indigenous technologies in connection with the edible longhorn grasshopper Ruspolia differens (Serville 1838) in Tanzania |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-017-0191-6 |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=60 |doi=10.1186/s13002-017-0191-6 |issn=1746-4269 |pmc=5683242 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Nsenene.JPG|thumb|Nsenene da aka dafa]]

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      <text bytes="783" sha1="itff84ncsy0vkdrqstfziiigk09bvt1" xml:space="preserve">'''Mutura''' tsiran alade ne na gargajiya na Kenya kuma nau'in tsiran alade na jini ne. [1] Ana cin sa a matsayin abincin titi a Kenya. [2] Ana yin Mutura ta hanyar cika jakar hanji da cakuda naman sa da aka niƙa ko aka yanka ko naman akuya, tripe, da jinin dabba da aka dafa da aka sanyaya. Yawanci ana ƙara masa kayan ƙanshi da albasa, gishiri, barkono, da barkono. Bayan shiri, ana dafa tsiran alade, yawanci ta hanyar gasawa ko gasawa. Abincin yana da alaƙa sosai da al'adun abinci na gefen hanya, inda masu sayar da kaya a kan titi ke sayar da shi, amma kuma yana da mahimmancin al'adu a cikin abubuwan da suka faru. [3] Akwai bambance-bambancen Mutura, wasu suna amfani da akuya ko naman sa da kayan ƙanshi daban-daban ko kuma guje wa jini gaba ɗaya. [1]

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      <text bytes="894" sha1="onss11dufl26aa78g4qgusodobf36z0" xml:space="preserve">'''Mutura''' tsiran alade ne na gargajiya na Kenya kuma nau'in tsiran alade na jini ne. [1] Ana cin sa a matsayin abincin titi a Kenya. [2] Ana yin Mutura ta hanyar cika jakar hanji da cakuda naman sa da aka niƙa ko aka yanka ko naman akuya, tripe, da jinin dabba da aka dafa da aka sanyaya. Yawanci ana ƙara masa kayan ƙanshi da albasa, gishiri, barkono, da barkono. Bayan shiri, ana dafa tsiran alade, yawanci ta hanyar gasawa ko gasawa. Abincin yana da alaƙa sosai da al'adun abinci na gefen hanya, inda masu sayar da kaya a kan titi ke sayar da shi, amma kuma yana da mahimmancin al'adu a cikin abubuwan da suka faru. [3] Akwai bambance-bambancen Mutura, wasu suna amfani da akuya ko naman sa da kayan ƙanshi daban-daban ko kuma guje wa jini gaba ɗaya. [1]&lt;ref&gt;Hubbell, Diana (2016-04-07). &quot;Mutura Is a Blood-Soaked Kenyan Delicacy&quot;. VICE. Retrieved 2026-01-03.&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="974" sha1="71hxf6lxztfgvm13j2712sx3ao49j1w" xml:space="preserve">'''Mutura''' tsiran alade ne na gargajiya na Kenya kuma nau'in tsiran alade na jini ne. [1] Ana cin sa a matsayin abincin titi a Kenya. [2] Ana yin Mutura ta hanyar cika jakar hanji da cakuda naman sa da aka niƙa ko aka yanka ko naman akuya, tripe, da jinin dabba da aka dafa da aka sanyaya. Yawanci ana ƙara masa kayan ƙanshi da albasa, gishiri, barkono, da barkono. Bayan shiri, ana dafa tsiran alade, yawanci ta hanyar gasawa ko gasawa. Abincin yana da alaƙa sosai da al'adun abinci na gefen hanya, inda masu sayar da kaya a kan titi ke sayar da shi, amma kuma yana da mahimmancin al'adu a cikin abubuwan da suka faru. [3] Akwai bambance-bambancen Mutura, wasu suna amfani da akuya ko naman sa da kayan ƙanshi daban-daban ko kuma guje wa jini gaba ɗaya. [1]&lt;ref&gt;Hubbell, Diana (2016-04-07). &quot;Mutura Is a Blood-Soaked Kenyan Delicacy&quot;. VICE. Retrieved 2026-01-03.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mutura - Arca del Gusto&quot;. Slow Food Foundation. Retrieved 2026-01-03.&lt;/ref&gt;

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'''Mutura''' tsiran alade ne na gargajiya na Kenya kuma nau'in tsiran alade na jini ne. [1] Ana cin sa a matsayin abincin titi a Kenya. [2] Ana yin Mutura ta hanyar cika jakar hanji da cakuda naman sa da aka niƙa ko aka yanka ko naman akuya, tripe, da jinin dabba da aka dafa da aka sanyaya. Yawanci ana ƙara masa kayan ƙanshi da albasa, gishiri, barkono, da barkono. Bayan shiri, ana dafa tsiran alade, yawanci ta hanyar gasawa ko gasawa. Abincin yana da alaƙa sosai da al'adun abinci na gefen hanya, inda masu sayar da kaya a kan titi ke sayar da shi, amma kuma yana da mahimmancin al'adu a cikin abubuwan da suka faru. [3] Akwai bambance-bambancen Mutura, wasu suna amfani da akuya ko naman sa da kayan ƙanshi daban-daban ko kuma guje wa jini gaba ɗaya. [1]&lt;ref&gt;Hubbell, Diana (2016-04-07). &quot;Mutura Is a Blood-Soaked Kenyan Delicacy&quot;. VICE. Retrieved 2026-01-03.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mutura - Arca del Gusto&quot;. Slow Food Foundation. Retrieved 2026-01-03.&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="5672" sha1="knrrjz3tw1w15apgs4ke455737qbh67" xml:space="preserve">'''''Mursik''''' nau'in madarar gargajiya ce ta mutanen Kalenjin na [[Kenya]] . Ana iya yin ta da madarar [[Saniya|shanu]] ko [[Akwiya|ta akuya]] kuma ana yin ta a cikin wani irin goro [[Ƙwarya|na calabash]] da aka yi musamman wanda aka fi sani da ''sotet'' . An yi wa goro ado da toka daga wasu bishiyoyi, kamar senna na Afirka, waɗanda ke ƙara wa madarar da aka yi wa ado. Yawanci ana cin ta da ugali ko kuma ita kaɗai kuma ana yin ta a zafin ɗaki ko a sanyaya.

== Al'adu ==
''Mursik'' yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga Kalenjin a fannin asali da kuma zamantakewa. Abin sha ne da aka saba sha a yankin Rift Valley kuma ana samunsa a birane na Kenya. A tsawon lokaci, ya zama ruwan dare gama gari ga wasannin motsa jiki na Kenya. Yawancin jaruman 'yan wasa na Kenya sune Kalenjin kuma hotunansu suna shan mursik a filin jirgin sama bayan sun dawo daga aikin ƙasashen waje, wani ɓangare na salon al'adun Kenya. 

Idan ma'aurata suka yi aure, ana yin tattaunawar sadaki a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin koito . A ƙarshen tattaunawar, waɗanda suka halarta suna yin hidima tare da kuma sha ''mursik'' a matsayin alamar yarjejeniya da haɗin kai, ana ɗaukar hakan a matsayin muhimmin abu ga tsarin. 

== Shiri ==
Ana shirya ''Mursik'' ne musamman daga madarar shanu (amma kuma ba a saba amfani da madarar akuya ba, ko kuma madarar tumaki) a cikin ƙwai na madarar da aka yi da kayan ƙanshi waɗanda aka riga aka yi musu magani da hayaki da gawayi na wasu nau'ikan bishiyoyi kafin kowane amfani. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kibor |first=Fred |title=Tracing the origin of 'mursik' |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/lifestyle/article/2000194283/tracing-the-origin-of-mursik |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=The Standard |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana zuba madarar sabo/danye (ko, mafi yawanci a zamanin yau, madarar da aka fara tafasa sannan aka sanyaya ta zuwa yanayin zafi) a cikin ƙwai na musamman da aka shirya. Sannan ana rufe ƙwai na a rufe a sanya a wuri mai sanyi da bushewa don a yi ƙwai na bazata na akalla kwana uku zuwa biyar, ta hanyar aikin ƙwayoyin cuta na lactic acid, yisti da nau'in mold. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=says |first=JEREMIAH WAKAYA |date=2016-06-05 |title=Indigenous milk preservation technology among the Kalenjin of Kenya |url=https://graduatefarmer.co.ke/2016/06/05/indigenous-milk-preservation-technology-among-the-kalenjin-of-kenya/ |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=Graduate Farmer |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; A al'ada a wasu al'ummomi, amma ba kasafai ake samun jini daga saniya ba, ana iya ƙara shi a cikin madarar sabo kafin a yi ƙwai, ko kuma a cikin madarar da aka riga aka yi ƙwai. An gano cewa ''Lactobacillus plantarum'' shine mafi rinjayen ƙwayoyin cuta na lactic acid da ke da hannu wajen samar da mursik. Sauran ƙwayoyin cuta na lactic acid da aka ware daga mursik sune ''Leuconostoc mesenteroides'' da ''Enterococcus faecium'' . ''Saccharomyces'' sp. kuma an ware ''Geotrichum candidum'' daga ''mursik'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mathara |first=Julius Maina |year=1999 |title=Studies on lactic acid producing microflora in mursik and kule naoto, traditional fermented milks from Nandi and Masai communities in Kenya |url=http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/123456789/26121 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203004050/http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/123456789/26121 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=30 November 2013 |website=University of Nairobi digital repository |publisher=University of Nairobi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hayaki da gawayi daga wasu bishiyoyi an daɗe ana amfani da su wajen samar da madarar da aka yi da gyada a Kenya. Daga cikin nau'ikan bishiyoyi da manoma ke amfani da su wajen samar da madarar ''mursik'' akwai ''Senna didymobotrya'', ''Lippia kituensis'', ''Prunus africana'' da ''[[Zaitun|Olea europaea]]'' ssp. ''africana'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mureithi |first=William |last2=Christoffel Den Biggelaar |last3=Edward W. Wesakania |last4=Kuria Kamau |last5=Catherine Gatundu |year=2000 |title=Management of trees used in mursik (fermented milk) production in Trans-Nzoia District, Kenya |url=http://ethnobiology.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/JoE/20-1/Mureithi.pdf |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology |series=Management of trees used in mursik (fermented milk) production in Trans-Nzoia District, Kenya |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=75–91 |access-date=30 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana shafa gourd a ciki da gawayi na musamman da ake kira &quot;osek&quot;; daga wannan, ana iya ganin layukan launin toka lokacin da ake zuba madara mai kauri da tsami. Misali, matan Kalenjin suna yin goro (sosiot) daga reshen bishiyar cycad da ake amfani da shi don tsaftace ciki. Goro da aka yi da wannan bishiyar yana da ƙarfi kuma yana iya ɗaukar har zuwa shekaru biyu kafin a maye gurbinsa.

Ana amfani da gawayi &quot;osek&quot;, wanda aka samar daga gawayi mai ƙuna daga itacen Ite ko Itet (man shanu cassia, wanda aka fi sani da Senna didymobotrya ), a matsayin abin kiyaye madara. [1] Mata suna amfani da gawayi don shafa cikin gawayi da aka tsaftace. Gawayi yana da tasiri daban-daban. Yana rufe cikin gawayi, yana rage ramukansa wanda hakan ke sa shi ya shiga iska. Hayakin gawayi kuma yana da tasirin kiyayewa wanda ke hana yawaitar ƙwayoyin cuta da ba a so wanda ke haifar da lalacewa, yayin da yake barin tsami na halitta. Hayakin gawayi yana ba da ɗanɗano na musamman ga madarar, da launin shuɗi wanda yake da matuƙar kyau ga mai amfani. Bayan sun shirya gawayi, mata suna shafa madarar ta hanyar tafasa. Ana barin madarar da aka shafa ta huce kafin ta zuba a cikin gawayi. A ƙarshe an ɗaure gawayi don ta hana iska shiga, wanda hakan zai sa madarar ta kasance har zuwa wata guda.

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'''''Mursik''''' nau'in madarar gargajiya ce ta mutanen Kalenjin na [[Kenya]] . Ana iya yin ta da madarar [[Saniya|shanu]] ko [[Akwiya|ta akuya]] kuma ana yin ta a cikin wani irin goro [[Ƙwarya|na calabash]] da aka yi musamman wanda aka fi sani da ''sotet'' . An yi wa goro ado da toka daga wasu bishiyoyi, kamar senna na Afirka, waɗanda ke ƙara wa madarar da aka yi wa ado. Yawanci ana cin ta da ugali ko kuma ita kaɗai kuma ana yin ta a zafin ɗaki ko a sanyaya.

== Al'adu ==
''Mursik'' yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga Kalenjin a fannin asali da kuma zamantakewa. Abin sha ne da aka saba sha a yankin Rift Valley kuma ana samunsa a birane na Kenya. A tsawon lokaci, ya zama ruwan dare gama gari ga wasannin motsa jiki na Kenya. Yawancin jaruman 'yan wasa na Kenya sune Kalenjin kuma hotunansu suna shan mursik a filin jirgin sama bayan sun dawo daga aikin ƙasashen waje, wani ɓangare na salon al'adun Kenya. 

Idan ma'aurata suka yi aure, ana yin tattaunawar sadaki a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin koito . A ƙarshen tattaunawar, waɗanda suka halarta suna yin hidima tare da kuma sha ''mursik'' a matsayin alamar yarjejeniya da haɗin kai, ana ɗaukar hakan a matsayin muhimmin abu ga tsarin. 

== Shiri ==
Ana shirya ''Mursik'' ne musamman daga madarar shanu (amma kuma ba a saba amfani da madarar akuya ba, ko kuma madarar tumaki) a cikin ƙwai na madarar da aka yi da kayan ƙanshi waɗanda aka riga aka yi musu magani da hayaki da gawayi na wasu nau'ikan bishiyoyi kafin kowane amfani. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kibor |first=Fred |title=Tracing the origin of 'mursik' |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/lifestyle/article/2000194283/tracing-the-origin-of-mursik |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=The Standard |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana zuba madarar sabo/danye (ko, mafi yawanci a zamanin yau, madarar da aka fara tafasa sannan aka sanyaya ta zuwa yanayin zafi) a cikin ƙwai na musamman da aka shirya. Sannan ana rufe ƙwai na a rufe a sanya a wuri mai sanyi da bushewa don a yi ƙwai na bazata na akalla kwana uku zuwa biyar, ta hanyar aikin ƙwayoyin cuta na lactic acid, yisti da nau'in mold. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=says |first=JEREMIAH WAKAYA |date=2016-06-05 |title=Indigenous milk preservation technology among the Kalenjin of Kenya |url=https://graduatefarmer.co.ke/2016/06/05/indigenous-milk-preservation-technology-among-the-kalenjin-of-kenya/ |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=Graduate Farmer |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; A al'ada a wasu al'ummomi, amma ba kasafai ake samun jini daga saniya ba, ana iya ƙara shi a cikin madarar sabo kafin a yi ƙwai, ko kuma a cikin madarar da aka riga aka yi ƙwai. An gano cewa ''Lactobacillus plantarum'' shine mafi rinjayen ƙwayoyin cuta na lactic acid da ke da hannu wajen samar da mursik. Sauran ƙwayoyin cuta na lactic acid da aka ware daga mursik sune ''Leuconostoc mesenteroides'' da ''Enterococcus faecium'' . ''Saccharomyces'' sp. kuma an ware ''Geotrichum candidum'' daga ''mursik'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mathara |first=Julius Maina |year=1999 |title=Studies on lactic acid producing microflora in mursik and kule naoto, traditional fermented milks from Nandi and Masai communities in Kenya |url=http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/123456789/26121 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203004050/http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/123456789/26121 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=30 November 2013 |website=University of Nairobi digital repository |publisher=University of Nairobi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hayaki da gawayi daga wasu bishiyoyi an daɗe ana amfani da su wajen samar da madarar da aka yi da gyada a Kenya. Daga cikin nau'ikan bishiyoyi da manoma ke amfani da su wajen samar da madarar ''mursik'' akwai ''Senna didymobotrya'', ''Lippia kituensis'', ''Prunus africana'' da ''[[Zaitun|Olea europaea]]'' ssp. ''africana'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mureithi |first=William |last2=Christoffel Den Biggelaar |last3=Edward W. Wesakania |last4=Kuria Kamau |last5=Catherine Gatundu |year=2000 |title=Management of trees used in mursik (fermented milk) production in Trans-Nzoia District, Kenya |url=http://ethnobiology.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/JoE/20-1/Mureithi.pdf |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology |series=Management of trees used in mursik (fermented milk) production in Trans-Nzoia District, Kenya |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=75–91 |access-date=30 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana shafa gourd a ciki da gawayi na musamman da ake kira &quot;osek&quot;; daga wannan, ana iya ganin layukan launin toka lokacin da ake zuba madara mai kauri da tsami. Misali, matan Kalenjin suna yin goro (sosiot) daga reshen bishiyar cycad da ake amfani da shi don tsaftace ciki. Goro da aka yi da wannan bishiyar yana da ƙarfi kuma yana iya ɗaukar har zuwa shekaru biyu kafin a maye gurbinsa.

Ana amfani da gawayi &quot;osek&quot;, wanda aka samar daga gawayi mai ƙuna daga itacen Ite ko Itet (man shanu cassia, wanda aka fi sani da Senna didymobotrya ), a matsayin abin kiyaye madara. [1] Mata suna amfani da gawayi don shafa cikin gawayi da aka tsaftace. Gawayi yana da tasiri daban-daban. Yana rufe cikin gawayi, yana rage ramukansa wanda hakan ke sa shi ya shiga iska. Hayakin gawayi kuma yana da tasirin kiyayewa wanda ke hana yawaitar ƙwayoyin cuta da ba a so wanda ke haifar da lalacewa, yayin da yake barin tsami na halitta. Hayakin gawayi yana ba da ɗanɗano na musamman ga madarar, da launin shuɗi wanda yake da matuƙar kyau ga mai amfani. Bayan sun shirya gawayi, mata suna shafa madarar ta hanyar tafasa. Ana barin madarar da aka shafa ta huce kafin ta zuba a cikin gawayi. A ƙarshe an ɗaure gawayi don ta hana iska shiga, wanda hakan zai sa madarar ta kasance har zuwa wata guda.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mandazi</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>829108</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:05:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334632365|Mandazi]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="5458" sha1="bsa0lxqaw50jqdqkxoxldesl7uoz8vt" xml:space="preserve">'''Mandazi''' ( Swahili   ) wani nau'i ne na burodi da aka soya wanda ya samo asali daga gabar tekun Swahili na Gabashin Afirka. Ana kuma kiransa da bofrot ko [[puff-puff]] a ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka kamar [[Ghana]] da [[Najeriya]] . Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abincin da [[mutanen Swahili]] ke ci waɗanda ke zaune a yankin bakin teku na Kenya da Tanzania. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cmsb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MANDAZI : SWAHILI buzarelististBUNS |url=http://www.cooks.com/recipe/v51wg1s8/mandazi-swahili-buns.html |access-date=24 July 2014 |publisher=COOKS.COM}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Fscdmisr&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swahili Coconut Donuts ('Mandazi' in Swahili) Recipe |url=http://www.familycookbookproject.com/recipe/2458778/swahili-coconut-donuts--mandazi--in-swahili.html |access-date=24 July 2014 |publisher=Family Cookbook Project}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abincin ya shahara a yankin, saboda yana da sauƙin yi, ana iya ci da kusan kowane abinci ko miya ko kuma a matsayin abun ciye-ciye shi kaɗai, kuma ana iya adana shi kuma a sake dumama shi don ci daga baya. &lt;ref name=&quot;swahilirecipes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Peck |first=Richard |title=Swahili Recipes |url=http://legacy.lclark.edu/~peck/EAf-Orient/SWAHILI-Recipes1.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227042653/http://legacy.lclark.edu/~peck/EAf-Orient/SWAHILI-Recipes1.htm |archive-date=27 February 2010 |access-date=13 November 2009 |publisher=Lewis &amp; Clark}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;cookbook&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kenyan Cookbook |url=http://www.expandingopportunities.org/cookbook/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605091622/http://www.expandingopportunities.org/cookbook/index.html |archive-date=5 June 2009 |access-date=13 November 2009 |publisher=Expanding Opportunities}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Halaye ==
Mandazi suna kama da donuts, suna da ɗanɗano mai daɗi wanda za a iya bambanta su ta hanyar ƙara sinadarai daban-daban. Duk da haka, yawanci ba su da daɗi kamar yadda ake yi da donuts na Amurka kuma yawanci ana yin su ba tare da wani gilashi ko frosting ba . [1] Sau da yawa suna da siffar triangular (kamar samosas ), amma kuma ana yin su da siffofi kamar da'ira ko ovals. [2] Idan aka dafa su, suna da laushi mai laushi.

== Shiri ==
[[Fayil:Mandazi_Production.JPG|left|thumb|Ana soya Mandazi]]
Ana yin Mandazi ta hanyar dafa kullu a cikin man girki na ɗan lokaci har sai ya yi launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Ana iya ƙara [[Madara ta kwakwa|madarar kwakwa]] don yin zaki. &lt;ref name=&quot;Maandazi Ya Nazi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 May 2010 |title=Jinsi ya Kupika Maandazi ya Nazi |url=http://activechef.blogspot.com/2010/05/maandazi-ya-hiliki-na-tui-la-nazi.html |access-date=5 February 2014 |publisher=Active Chef Issa Kapande}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Taste of Tanzania&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MaandaziRecipe |url=http://tasteoftanzania.com/blog/maandazi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226053307/http://tasteoftanzania.com/blog/maandazi |archive-date=26 December 2017 |access-date=5 February 2014 |publisher=Taste of Tanzania by Mariam Kinunda}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idan aka ƙara madarar kwakwa, ana kiran mandazi da ''mahamri'' ko ''mamri'' .  Ana iya amfani da gyada da almond da aka niƙa, da sauran sinadarai, don ƙara ɗanɗano daban. Bayan an dafa su, ana iya cin su da ɗumi ko a bar su su huce. Ana shirya su akai-akai kuma ana cin su a yankin Manyan Tafkuna na Afirka, domin ana iya cin su tare da sauran abinci da yawa. Ana yin su da safe ko daren da ya gabata, ana cin su tare da karin kumallo, sannan a sake dumama su da yamma don cin abincin dare. &lt;ref name=&quot;swahilirecipes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Peck |first=Richard |title=Swahili Recipes |url=http://legacy.lclark.edu/~peck/EAf-Orient/SWAHILI-Recipes1.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227042653/http://legacy.lclark.edu/~peck/EAf-Orient/SWAHILI-Recipes1.htm |archive-date=27 February 2010 |access-date=13 November 2009 |publisher=Lewis &amp; Clark}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPeck&quot;&gt;Peck, Richard. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ana kuma cin Mandazi tare da shayi ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace sabo, ko kuma ana cin su a matsayin abun ciye-ciye da kansu. Ana iya amfani da miya daban-daban, waɗanda galibi suna da ɗanɗanon 'ya'yan itace, don ƙara ɗanɗano daban-daban. &lt;ref name=&quot;kitoweo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sample Menu |url=http://www.kitoweo.com/sample_menu-complete.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130072648/http://kitoweo.com/sample_menu-complete.html |archive-date=30 November 2010 |access-date=17 November 2009 |publisher=Kitoweo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya cin Mandazi a matsayin kayan zaki, ana ba da su tare da sukari foda ko sukari kirfa . &lt;ref name=&quot;cookbook&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kenyan Cookbook |url=http://www.expandingopportunities.org/cookbook/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605091622/http://www.expandingopportunities.org/cookbook/index.html |archive-date=5 June 2009 |access-date=13 November 2009 |publisher=Expanding Opportunities}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090605091622/http://www.expandingopportunities.org/cookbook/index.html &quot;Kenyan Cookbook&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Beignet, irin wannan burodi daga New Orleans
* Burodi mai harshen sawa, irin wannan busasshen burodi na kasar Sin
* Jerin abincin da aka soya a kullu
* Donut
* Abincin Swahili
* Abincin Gabashin Afirka
* Mahamri
* Puff-puff

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829109</id>
      <parentid>829108</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:05:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>829109</origin>
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      <text bytes="5470" sha1="eb057k2vcdfq9xonubo3y2qhiuz32n1" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Mandazi''' ( Swahili   ) wani nau'i ne na burodi da aka soya wanda ya samo asali daga gabar tekun Swahili na Gabashin Afirka. Ana kuma kiransa da bofrot ko [[puff-puff]] a ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka kamar [[Ghana]] da [[Najeriya]] . Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abincin da [[mutanen Swahili]] ke ci waɗanda ke zaune a yankin bakin teku na Kenya da Tanzania. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cmsb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MANDAZI : SWAHILI buzarelististBUNS |url=http://www.cooks.com/recipe/v51wg1s8/mandazi-swahili-buns.html |access-date=24 July 2014 |publisher=COOKS.COM}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Fscdmisr&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swahili Coconut Donuts ('Mandazi' in Swahili) Recipe |url=http://www.familycookbookproject.com/recipe/2458778/swahili-coconut-donuts--mandazi--in-swahili.html |access-date=24 July 2014 |publisher=Family Cookbook Project}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abincin ya shahara a yankin, saboda yana da sauƙin yi, ana iya ci da kusan kowane abinci ko miya ko kuma a matsayin abun ciye-ciye shi kaɗai, kuma ana iya adana shi kuma a sake dumama shi don ci daga baya. &lt;ref name=&quot;swahilirecipes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Peck |first=Richard |title=Swahili Recipes |url=http://legacy.lclark.edu/~peck/EAf-Orient/SWAHILI-Recipes1.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227042653/http://legacy.lclark.edu/~peck/EAf-Orient/SWAHILI-Recipes1.htm |archive-date=27 February 2010 |access-date=13 November 2009 |publisher=Lewis &amp; Clark}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;cookbook&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kenyan Cookbook |url=http://www.expandingopportunities.org/cookbook/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605091622/http://www.expandingopportunities.org/cookbook/index.html |archive-date=5 June 2009 |access-date=13 November 2009 |publisher=Expanding Opportunities}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Halaye ==
Mandazi suna kama da donuts, suna da ɗanɗano mai daɗi wanda za a iya bambanta su ta hanyar ƙara sinadarai daban-daban. Duk da haka, yawanci ba su da daɗi kamar yadda ake yi da donuts na Amurka kuma yawanci ana yin su ba tare da wani gilashi ko frosting ba . [1] Sau da yawa suna da siffar triangular (kamar samosas ), amma kuma ana yin su da siffofi kamar da'ira ko ovals. [2] Idan aka dafa su, suna da laushi mai laushi.

== Shiri ==
[[Fayil:Mandazi_Production.JPG|left|thumb|Ana soya Mandazi]]
Ana yin Mandazi ta hanyar dafa kullu a cikin man girki na ɗan lokaci har sai ya yi launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Ana iya ƙara [[Madara ta kwakwa|madarar kwakwa]] don yin zaki. &lt;ref name=&quot;Maandazi Ya Nazi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 May 2010 |title=Jinsi ya Kupika Maandazi ya Nazi |url=http://activechef.blogspot.com/2010/05/maandazi-ya-hiliki-na-tui-la-nazi.html |access-date=5 February 2014 |publisher=Active Chef Issa Kapande}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Taste of Tanzania&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MaandaziRecipe |url=http://tasteoftanzania.com/blog/maandazi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226053307/http://tasteoftanzania.com/blog/maandazi |archive-date=26 December 2017 |access-date=5 February 2014 |publisher=Taste of Tanzania by Mariam Kinunda}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idan aka ƙara madarar kwakwa, ana kiran mandazi da ''mahamri'' ko ''mamri'' .  Ana iya amfani da gyada da almond da aka niƙa, da sauran sinadarai, don ƙara ɗanɗano daban. Bayan an dafa su, ana iya cin su da ɗumi ko a bar su su huce. Ana shirya su akai-akai kuma ana cin su a yankin Manyan Tafkuna na Afirka, domin ana iya cin su tare da sauran abinci da yawa. Ana yin su da safe ko daren da ya gabata, ana cin su tare da karin kumallo, sannan a sake dumama su da yamma don cin abincin dare. &lt;ref name=&quot;swahilirecipes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Peck |first=Richard |title=Swahili Recipes |url=http://legacy.lclark.edu/~peck/EAf-Orient/SWAHILI-Recipes1.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227042653/http://legacy.lclark.edu/~peck/EAf-Orient/SWAHILI-Recipes1.htm |archive-date=27 February 2010 |access-date=13 November 2009 |publisher=Lewis &amp; Clark}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPeck&quot;&gt;Peck, Richard. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ana kuma cin Mandazi tare da shayi ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace sabo, ko kuma ana cin su a matsayin abun ciye-ciye da kansu. Ana iya amfani da miya daban-daban, waɗanda galibi suna da ɗanɗanon 'ya'yan itace, don ƙara ɗanɗano daban-daban. &lt;ref name=&quot;kitoweo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sample Menu |url=http://www.kitoweo.com/sample_menu-complete.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130072648/http://kitoweo.com/sample_menu-complete.html |archive-date=30 November 2010 |access-date=17 November 2009 |publisher=Kitoweo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya cin Mandazi a matsayin kayan zaki, ana ba da su tare da sukari foda ko sukari kirfa . &lt;ref name=&quot;cookbook&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kenyan Cookbook |url=http://www.expandingopportunities.org/cookbook/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605091622/http://www.expandingopportunities.org/cookbook/index.html |archive-date=5 June 2009 |access-date=13 November 2009 |publisher=Expanding Opportunities}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090605091622/http://www.expandingopportunities.org/cookbook/index.html &quot;Kenyan Cookbook&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Beignet, irin wannan burodi daga New Orleans
* Burodi mai harshen sawa, irin wannan busasshen burodi na kasar Sin
* Jerin abincin da aka soya a kullu
* Donut
* Abincin Swahili
* Abincin Gabashin Afirka
* Mahamri
* Puff-puff

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Koba (mai daɗi)</title>
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    <id>148956</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829110</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:06:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1269816630|Koba (sweet)]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829110</origin>
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      <text bytes="1021" sha1="mwwrfoxcjcmlsrcjyicvv0kpe8il2cz" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Kobandravina.jpg|thumb|Ana yanka Kobandravina a Madagascar]]
'''Koba''' wani zaki ne da aka yi da gyada da aka niƙa, sukari mai launin ruwan kasa da garin shinkafa. Abincin gargajiya ne na [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] (inda aka kuma san shi da '''koba ravina''' ko '''kobandravina''' ), musamman a tsaunuka . A kasuwanni da gidajen mai, ana iya samun masu sayar da ''koba akondro'', wani zaki da aka yi ta hanyar naɗe batter na gyada da aka niƙa, ayaba da aka niƙa, zuma da garin masara a cikin ganyen ayaba da kuma tafasa ƙananan kek har sai batter ɗin ya yi laushi. 

== Bambancin ==
Wani ɓangare na abincin Malagasy na Madagascar, koba akondro ( mg ) ana sayar da shi a kasuwanni da gidajen mai ta hanyar masu siyarwa. Ana yin sa ta hanyar naɗe batter na gyada da aka niƙa, ayaba da aka niƙa, zuma da garin masara a cikin ganyen ayaba da kuma tafasa ƙananan kek ɗin har sai batter ɗin ya yi laushi. [1] [2] Ana kuma sayar da gyada mai laushi .

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin abincin gyada

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829111</id>
      <parentid>829110</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:07:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1269816630|Koba (sweet)]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1147" sha1="0u8zba4hvh6vt72xuu5y3icuqc16vjb" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Kobandravina.jpg|thumb|Ana yanka Kobandravina a Madagascar]]
'''Koba''' wani zaki ne da aka yi da gyada da aka niƙa, sukari mai launin ruwan kasa da garin shinkafa. Abincin gargajiya ne na [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] (inda aka kuma san shi da '''koba ravina''' ko '''kobandravina''' ), musamman a tsaunuka . A kasuwanni da gidajen mai, ana iya samun masu sayar da ''koba akondro'', wani zaki da aka yi ta hanyar naɗe batter na gyada da aka niƙa, ayaba da aka niƙa, zuma da garin masara a cikin ganyen ayaba da kuma tafasa ƙananan kek har sai batter ɗin ya yi laushi. &lt;ref&gt;Weber, Katharine (2010). True Confections. New York: Random House. p. 149. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-307-39586-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bambancin ==
Wani ɓangare na abincin Malagasy na Madagascar, koba akondro ( mg ) ana sayar da shi a kasuwanni da gidajen mai ta hanyar masu siyarwa. Ana yin sa ta hanyar naɗe batter na gyada da aka niƙa, ayaba da aka niƙa, zuma da garin masara a cikin ganyen ayaba da kuma tafasa ƙananan kek ɗin har sai batter ɗin ya yi laushi. [1] [2] Ana kuma sayar da gyada mai laushi .

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin abincin gyada

== Manazarta ==</text>
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[[Fayil:Kobandravina.jpg|thumb|Ana yanka Kobandravina a Madagascar]]
'''Koba''' wani zaki ne da aka yi da gyada da aka niƙa, sukari mai launin ruwan kasa da garin shinkafa. Abincin gargajiya ne na [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] (inda aka kuma san shi da '''koba ravina''' ko '''kobandravina''' ), musamman a tsaunuka . A kasuwanni da gidajen mai, ana iya samun masu sayar da ''koba akondro'', wani zaki da aka yi ta hanyar naɗe batter na gyada da aka niƙa, ayaba da aka niƙa, zuma da garin masara a cikin ganyen ayaba da kuma tafasa ƙananan kek har sai batter ɗin ya yi laushi. &lt;ref&gt;Weber, Katharine (2010). True Confections. New York: Random House. p. 149. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-307-39586-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bambancin ==
Wani ɓangare na abincin Malagasy na Madagascar, koba akondro ( mg ) ana sayar da shi a kasuwanni da gidajen mai ta hanyar masu siyarwa. Ana yin sa ta hanyar naɗe batter na gyada da aka niƙa, ayaba da aka niƙa, zuma da garin masara a cikin ganyen ayaba da kuma tafasa ƙananan kek ɗin har sai batter ɗin ya yi laushi. [1] [2] Ana kuma sayar da gyada mai laushi .

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin abincin gyada

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gurasar ƙasa</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333940198|Earth oven]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Samoa_umu.JPG|thumb|250x250px|Umu 'yan [[Samoa]] a farkon matakin dumama duwatsu]]
'''Murhun ƙasa''', '''murhun ƙasa''' ko '''ramin girki''' yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauƙi kuma mafi daɗaɗɗen tsarin [[Dafa abinci|girki]] . An gano murhun ƙasa da aka sani a Tsakiyar Turai kuma an yi shi tun daga 29,000 BC. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-06-03 |title=Mammoths roasted in prehistoric barbecue pit |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna31085915 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129233834/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna31085915 |archive-date=November 29, 2020 |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=NBC News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mafi sauƙin amfani, murhun ƙasa rami ne a cikin ƙasa da ake amfani da shi don kama zafi da gasa, hayaki, ko abincin tururi. An yi amfani da murhun ƙasa a wurare da al'adu da yawa a baya, kuma kasancewar irin waɗannan ramukan girki babbar alama ce ta zaman lafiyar ɗan adam da masana ilmin kayan tarihi ke nema. Murhun ƙasa ya kasance kayan aiki gama gari don dafa abinci mai yawa inda babu kayan aiki. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; An yi amfani da su a cikin al'adu daban-daban a duniya kuma har yanzu ana samun su a yankin Pacific har zuwa yau.

Don gasa abinci, ana gina wuta, sannan a bar ta ta ƙone har ta yi ƙura . Sannan a sanya abincin a cikin tanda a rufe. Ana iya amfani da wannan wurin da aka rufe don gasa burodi ko wasu abubuwa daban-daban. Tururi a cikin tanda mai ƙasa yana rufe irin wannan tsari. Ana saka duwatsu masu zafi a cikin rami kuma ana rufe su da ciyayi kore don ƙara danshi da abinci mai yawa. Sannan ana ƙara ƙarin ciyayi kore kuma wani lokacin ana ƙara ruwa, idan ana buƙatar ƙarin danshi. A ƙarshe, ana ƙara rufin ƙasa a kan komai. Abincin da ke cikin ramin na iya ɗaukar sa'o'i da yawa zuwa cikakken yini don dafawa, ba tare da la'akari da hanyar busasshiyar ko danshi da aka yi amfani da ita ba.
[[Fayil:Lovo.jpg|thumb|Abincin da aka dafa na Fijian]]
A yau, al'ummomi da yawa har yanzu suna amfani da wuraren girki don bukukuwa ko bukukuwa, ciki har da lovo na asali [[Fiji|na Fijian]], [[Hawaii|Hawaiian]] imu, da Māori {{Lang|mi|[[hāngī]]}}, Barbacoa na [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], da kuma New England clambake . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)&quot;&gt;an buƙata ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Tandoor na tsakiyar Asiya yana amfani da hanyar ne musamman don yin burodi mai rai wanda ba a rufe shi ba, wanda tsari ne na canji tsakanin tanda ta ƙasa da tanda mai tsari na kwance. Wannan hanyar a zahiri tanda ce ta ƙasa ta dindindin da aka yi da yumbu ko bulo mai wuta tare da wuta mai zafi da ke ci gaba da ƙonewa a ƙasa.

== Amurka ==
A wurare da yawa, masana ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi sun fahimci cewa &quot;wutar rami&quot; ana amfani da ita a baya.  . A Tsakiyar [[Texas]], akwai manyan &quot;ƙananan duwatsu masu ƙonewa &quot; waɗanda ake kyautata zaton za a yi amfani da su wajen girki iri-iri na tsirrai, musamman kwararan sotol . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)&quot;&gt;pib&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; ''Andean'' ''{{Lang|qu|[[Huatia|watia]]}}'' wasu misalai ne. A Mesoamerica da ƙasashen [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]], barbacoa abu ne da aka saba yi. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Barbacoa, asalin kalmar Taino ce da ke nufin ramin kanta, ta ƙunshi nama da aka gasa a hankali a cikin rami mai layi da maguey, wanda aka shahara a Mexico tare da birria, tortillas, da salsa .

Clambake, wanda ' yan asalin Amurka suka ƙirƙiro a bakin tekun Atlantika kuma an ɗauke shi a matsayin abincin gargajiya na New England , a al'ada yana amfani da wani nau'in tanda na ƙasa (galibi ana gina shi a bakin teku). Ana haƙa babban rami a cikin yashi sannan a ƙara duwatsu masu zafi a ƙasan ramin. Sannan ana shimfiɗa wani Layer na ruwan teku a saman don samar da danshi da tururi, sannan a biyo baya da abinci. A ƙarshe, ana ƙara wani Layer na ruwan teku don tarko a cikin tururi da dafa abincin, wanda galibi ya ƙunshi kifin teku da kayan lambu.

Curanto na Chiloé Archipelago ya ƙunshi kifin da aka dafa da harsashi, nama, dankali, milcao chapaleles, da kayan lambu da aka saba shiryawa a cikin tanda. Ya bazu zuwa yankunan kudancin [[Chile]] . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Huatiya ko {{Lang|qu|watia}} da kuma pachamanca murhun ƙasa ne na gargajiya na yankunan [[Andes|Andean]] na [[Peru]], [[Bolibiya|Bolivia]], da Chile. Dukansu al'adun asali ne waɗanda suka riga Daular Inca . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Asiya ==
[[Fayil:Ad-hoc_earth_oven_in_Zhuhai_dllu.jpg|thumb|Murhun ƙasa na zamani na ƙasar Sin a Zhuhai .]]
A ƙasar Sin, ana shirya abinci kamar kazar mabaraci da tanda ta ƙasa, inda ake cewa mai ƙirƙira ya &quot;haƙa rami, ya kunna wuta ya binne kazar.&quot; 

An san Hakka na ƙasar Sin da ke zaune a ''[[Tuulu na Fujian|Tulou]]'' da amfani da tanda na ƙasa don girki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bisset |first=Colin |date=5 November 2016 |title=Iconic Buildings: Tolou, Fujian province |url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/blueprintforliving/iconic-buildings-tolou,-fujian-province/7992252 |website=Blueprint |publisher=ABC Radio National}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A [[Taiwan]], tanda na ƙasa ( Chinese ) kuma wata hanya ce ta girki mai shahara. A farkon al'ummar noma ta Taiwan, manya kan ɗauki yara su gina murhun ƙasa su dafa kayan abinci masu sauƙi kamar dankali mai zaki da taro. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=行政院文化部台灣大百科全書 |url=http://nrch.culture.tw/twpedia.aspx?id=11947 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718204856/http://nrch.culture.tw/twpedia.aspx?id=11947 |archive-date=2018-07-18 |access-date=2015-11-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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[[Fayil:Samoa_umu.JPG|thumb|250x250px|Umu 'yan [[Samoa]] a farkon matakin dumama duwatsu]]
'''Murhun ƙasa''', '''murhun ƙasa''' ko '''ramin girki''' yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauƙi kuma mafi daɗaɗɗen tsarin [[Dafa abinci|girki]] . An gano murhun ƙasa da aka sani a Tsakiyar Turai kuma an yi shi tun daga 29,000 BC. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-06-03 |title=Mammoths roasted in prehistoric barbecue pit |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna31085915 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129233834/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna31085915 |archive-date=November 29, 2020 |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=NBC News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mafi sauƙin amfani, murhun ƙasa rami ne a cikin ƙasa da ake amfani da shi don kama zafi da gasa, hayaki, ko abincin tururi. An yi amfani da murhun ƙasa a wurare da al'adu da yawa a baya, kuma kasancewar irin waɗannan ramukan girki babbar alama ce ta zaman lafiyar ɗan adam da masana ilmin kayan tarihi ke nema. Murhun ƙasa ya kasance kayan aiki gama gari don dafa abinci mai yawa inda babu kayan aiki. An yi amfani da su a cikin al'adu daban-daban a duniya kuma har yanzu ana samun su a yankin Pacific har zuwa yau.

Don gasa abinci, ana gina wuta, sannan a bar ta ta ƙone har ta yi ƙura . Sannan a sanya abincin a cikin tanda a rufe. Ana iya amfani da wannan wurin da aka rufe don gasa burodi ko wasu abubuwa daban-daban. Tururi a cikin tanda mai ƙasa yana rufe irin wannan tsari. Ana saka duwatsu masu zafi a cikin rami kuma ana rufe su da ciyayi kore don ƙara danshi da abinci mai yawa. Sannan ana ƙara ƙarin ciyayi kore kuma wani lokacin ana ƙara ruwa, idan ana buƙatar ƙarin danshi. A ƙarshe, ana ƙara rufin ƙasa a kan komai. Abincin da ke cikin ramin na iya ɗaukar sa'o'i da yawa zuwa cikakken yini don dafawa, ba tare da la'akari da hanyar busasshiyar ko danshi da aka yi amfani da ita ba.
[[Fayil:Lovo.jpg|thumb|Abincin da aka dafa na Fijian]]
A yau, al'ummomi da yawa har yanzu suna amfani da wuraren girki don bukukuwa ko bukukuwa, ciki har da lovo na asali [[Fiji|na Fijian]], [[Hawaii|Hawaiian]] imu, da Māori {{Lang|mi|[[hāngī]]}}, Barbacoa na [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], da kuma New England clambake . Tandoor na tsakiyar Asiya yana amfani da hanyar ne musamman don yin burodi mai rai wanda ba a rufe shi ba, wanda tsari ne na canji tsakanin tanda ta ƙasa da tanda mai tsari na kwance. Wannan hanyar a zahiri tanda ce ta ƙasa ta dindindin da aka yi da yumbu ko bulo mai wuta tare da wuta mai zafi da ke ci gaba da ƙonewa a ƙasa.

== Amurka ==
A wurare da yawa, masana ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi sun fahimci cewa &quot;wutar rami&quot; ana amfani da ita a baya.  . A Tsakiyar [[Texas]], akwai manyan &quot;ƙananan duwatsu masu ƙonewa &quot; waɗanda ake kyautata zaton za a yi amfani da su wajen girki iri-iri na tsirrai, musamman kwararan sotol . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)&quot;&gt;pib&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; ''Andean'' ''{{Lang|qu|[[Huatia|watia]]}}'' wasu misalai ne. A Mesoamerica da ƙasashen [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]], barbacoa abu ne da aka saba yi. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Barbacoa, asalin kalmar Taino ce da ke nufin ramin kanta, ta ƙunshi nama da aka gasa a hankali a cikin rami mai layi da maguey, wanda aka shahara a Mexico tare da birria, tortillas, da salsa .

Clambake, wanda ' yan asalin Amurka suka ƙirƙiro a bakin tekun Atlantika kuma an ɗauke shi a matsayin abincin gargajiya na New England , a al'ada yana amfani da wani nau'in tanda na ƙasa (galibi ana gina shi a bakin teku). Ana haƙa babban rami a cikin yashi sannan a ƙara duwatsu masu zafi a ƙasan ramin. Sannan ana shimfiɗa wani Layer na ruwan teku a saman don samar da danshi da tururi, sannan a biyo baya da abinci. A ƙarshe, ana ƙara wani Layer na ruwan teku don tarko a cikin tururi da dafa abincin, wanda galibi ya ƙunshi kifin teku da kayan lambu.

Curanto na Chiloé Archipelago ya ƙunshi kifin da aka dafa da harsashi, nama, dankali, milcao chapaleles, da kayan lambu da aka saba shiryawa a cikin tanda. Ya bazu zuwa yankunan kudancin [[Chile]] . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Huatiya ko {{Lang|qu|watia}} da kuma pachamanca murhun ƙasa ne na gargajiya na yankunan [[Andes|Andean]] na [[Peru]], [[Bolibiya|Bolivia]], da Chile. Dukansu al'adun asali ne waɗanda suka riga Daular Inca . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Asiya ==
[[Fayil:Ad-hoc_earth_oven_in_Zhuhai_dllu.jpg|thumb|Murhun ƙasa na zamani na ƙasar Sin a Zhuhai .]]
A ƙasar Sin, ana shirya abinci kamar kazar mabaraci da tanda ta ƙasa, inda ake cewa mai ƙirƙira ya &quot;haƙa rami, ya kunna wuta ya binne kazar.&quot; 

An san Hakka na ƙasar Sin da ke zaune a ''[[Tuulu na Fujian|Tulou]]'' da amfani da tanda na ƙasa don girki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bisset |first=Colin |date=5 November 2016 |title=Iconic Buildings: Tolou, Fujian province |url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/blueprintforliving/iconic-buildings-tolou,-fujian-province/7992252 |website=Blueprint |publisher=ABC Radio National}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A [[Taiwan]], tanda na ƙasa ( Chinese ) kuma wata hanya ce ta girki mai shahara. A farkon al'ummar noma ta Taiwan, manya kan ɗauki yara su gina murhun ƙasa su dafa kayan abinci masu sauƙi kamar dankali mai zaki da taro. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=行政院文化部台灣大百科全書 |url=http://nrch.culture.tw/twpedia.aspx?id=11947 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718204856/http://nrch.culture.tw/twpedia.aspx?id=11947 |archive-date=2018-07-18 |access-date=2015-11-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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[[Fayil:Samoa_umu.JPG|thumb|250x250px|Umu 'yan [[Samoa]] a farkon matakin dumama duwatsu]]
'''Murhun ƙasa''', '''murhun ƙasa''' ko '''ramin girki''' yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauƙi kuma mafi daɗaɗɗen tsarin [[Dafa abinci|girki]] . An gano murhun ƙasa da aka sani a Tsakiyar Turai kuma an yi shi tun daga 29,000 BC. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-06-03 |title=Mammoths roasted in prehistoric barbecue pit |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna31085915 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129233834/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna31085915 |archive-date=November 29, 2020 |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=NBC News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mafi sauƙin amfani, murhun ƙasa rami ne a cikin ƙasa da ake amfani da shi don kama zafi da gasa, hayaki, ko abincin tururi. An yi amfani da murhun ƙasa a wurare da al'adu da yawa a baya, kuma kasancewar irin waɗannan ramukan girki babbar alama ce ta zaman lafiyar ɗan adam da masana ilmin kayan tarihi ke nema. Murhun ƙasa ya kasance kayan aiki gama gari don dafa abinci mai yawa inda babu kayan aiki. An yi amfani da su a cikin al'adu daban-daban a duniya kuma har yanzu ana samun su a yankin Pacific har zuwa yau.

Don gasa abinci, ana gina wuta, sannan a bar ta ta ƙone har ta yi ƙura . Sannan a sanya abincin a cikin tanda a rufe. Ana iya amfani da wannan wurin da aka rufe don gasa burodi ko wasu abubuwa daban-daban. Tururi a cikin tanda mai ƙasa yana rufe irin wannan tsari. Ana saka duwatsu masu zafi a cikin rami kuma ana rufe su da ciyayi kore don ƙara danshi da abinci mai yawa. Sannan ana ƙara ƙarin ciyayi kore kuma wani lokacin ana ƙara ruwa, idan ana buƙatar ƙarin danshi. A ƙarshe, ana ƙara rufin ƙasa a kan komai. Abincin da ke cikin ramin na iya ɗaukar sa'o'i da yawa zuwa cikakken yini don dafawa, ba tare da la'akari da hanyar busasshiyar ko danshi da aka yi amfani da ita ba.
[[Fayil:Lovo.jpg|thumb|Abincin da aka dafa na Fijian]]
A yau, al'ummomi da yawa har yanzu suna amfani da wuraren girki don bukukuwa ko bukukuwa, ciki har da lovo na asali [[Fiji|na Fijian]], [[Hawaii|Hawaiian]] imu, da Māori {{Lang|mi|[[hāngī]]}}, Barbacoa na [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], da kuma New England clambake . Tandoor na tsakiyar Asiya yana amfani da hanyar ne musamman don yin burodi mai rai wanda ba a rufe shi ba, wanda tsari ne na canji tsakanin tanda ta ƙasa da tanda mai tsari na kwance. Wannan hanyar a zahiri tanda ce ta ƙasa ta dindindin da aka yi da yumbu ko bulo mai wuta tare da wuta mai zafi da ke ci gaba da ƙonewa a ƙasa.

== Amurka ==
A wurare da yawa, masana ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi sun fahimci cewa &quot;wutar rami&quot; ana amfani da ita a baya.  . A Tsakiyar [[Texas]], akwai manyan &quot;ƙananan duwatsu masu ƙonewa &quot; waɗanda ake kyautata zaton za a yi amfani da su wajen girki iri-iri na tsirrai, musamman kwararan sotol . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)&quot;&gt;pib&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; ''Andean'' ''{{Lang|qu|[[Huatia|watia]]}}'' wasu misalai ne. A Mesoamerica da ƙasashen [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]], barbacoa abu ne da aka saba yi. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Barbacoa, asalin kalmar Taino ce da ke nufin ramin kanta, ta ƙunshi nama da aka gasa a hankali a cikin rami mai layi da maguey, wanda aka shahara a Mexico tare da birria, tortillas, da salsa .

Clambake, wanda ' yan asalin Amurka suka ƙirƙiro a bakin tekun Atlantika kuma an ɗauke shi a matsayin abincin gargajiya na New England , a al'ada yana amfani da wani nau'in tanda na ƙasa (galibi ana gina shi a bakin teku). Ana haƙa babban rami a cikin yashi sannan a ƙara duwatsu masu zafi a ƙasan ramin. Sannan ana shimfiɗa wani Layer na ruwan teku a saman don samar da danshi da tururi, sannan a biyo baya da abinci. A ƙarshe, ana ƙara wani Layer na ruwan teku don tarko a cikin tururi da dafa abincin, wanda galibi ya ƙunshi kifin teku da kayan lambu.

Curanto na Chiloé Archipelago ya ƙunshi kifin da aka dafa da harsashi, nama, dankali, milcao chapaleles, da kayan lambu da aka saba shiryawa a cikin tanda. Ya bazu zuwa yankunan kudancin [[Chile]] . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Huatiya ko {{Lang|qu|watia}} da kuma pachamanca murhun ƙasa ne na gargajiya na yankunan [[Andes|Andean]] na [[Peru]], [[Bolibiya|Bolivia]], da Chile. Dukansu al'adun asali ne waɗanda suka riga Daular Inca . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Asiya ==
[[Fayil:Ad-hoc_earth_oven_in_Zhuhai_dllu.jpg|thumb|Murhun ƙasa na zamani na ƙasar Sin a Zhuhai .]]
A ƙasar Sin, ana shirya abinci kamar kazar mabaraci da tanda ta ƙasa, inda ake cewa mai ƙirƙira ya &quot;haƙa rami, ya kunna wuta ya binne kazar.&quot; 

An san Hakka na ƙasar Sin da ke zaune a ''[[Tuulu na Fujian|Tulou]]'' da amfani da tanda na ƙasa don girki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bisset |first=Colin |date=5 November 2016 |title=Iconic Buildings: Tolou, Fujian province |url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/blueprintforliving/iconic-buildings-tolou,-fujian-province/7992252 |website=Blueprint |publisher=ABC Radio National}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A [[Taiwan]], tanda na ƙasa ( Chinese ) kuma wata hanya ce ta girki mai shahara. A farkon al'ummar noma ta Taiwan, manya kan ɗauki yara su gina murhun ƙasa su dafa kayan abinci masu sauƙi kamar dankali mai zaki da taro. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=行政院文化部台灣大百科全書 |url=http://nrch.culture.tw/twpedia.aspx?id=11947 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718204856/http://nrch.culture.tw/twpedia.aspx?id=11947 |archive-date=2018-07-18 |access-date=2015-11-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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  <page>
    <title>Borocera cajani</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1328112599|Borocera cajani]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="15880" sha1="n9y7t9h98ly9yjt4bkfyeq9v5d2t6cy" xml:space="preserve">'''''Borocera cajani''''', wanda aka fi sani da '''''landibe''''' a Malagasy, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Landibe silk moth Borocera cajani Vinson, 1863 |url=https://www.invasive.org/browse/subthumb.cfm?sub=85963&amp;fam=261 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213418/https://www.invasive.org/browse/subthumb.cfm?sub=85963&amp;fam=261 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=31 May 2021 |website=www.invasive.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;carver&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Carver |first=Edward |date=2019-08-16 |title=Madagascar: What's good for the forest is good for the native silk industry |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2019/08/madagascar-whats-good-for-the-forest-is-good-for-the-native-silk-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214911/https://news.mongabay.com/2019/08/madagascar-whats-good-for-the-forest-is-good-for-the-native-silk-industry/ |archive-date=2021-06-02 |access-date=31 May 2021 |website=Mongabay Environmental News}}&lt;/ref&gt; nau'in ƙwaro ne mai samar da siliki wanda ke da alaƙa da [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;africanento&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=T.M. |last2=Raminosoa |first2=N. |last3=Rakotondrasoa |first3=O.L. |last4=Rajoelison |first4=G.L. |last5=Bogaert |first5=J. |last6=Rabearisoa |first6=M.R. |last7=Ramamonjisoa |first7=B.S. |last8=Poncelet |first8=M. |last9=Haubruge |first9=E. |last10=Verheggen |first10=F.J. |date=March 2013 |title=Silkworm Moths Inventory in Their Natural Tapia Forest Habitat (Madagascar): Diversity, Population Dynamics and Host Plants |url=https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |url-status=live |journal=African Entomology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=137–150 |doi=10.4001/003.021.0123 |issn=1021-3589 |s2cid=83968243 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213745/https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Borocera cajani Vinson, 1863 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/1732284 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603002252/https://www.gbif.org/species/1732284 |archive-date=2021-06-03 |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=www.gbif.org |publisher=[[GBIF]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sau da yawa ana rikitar da shi da irin wannan ''ƙwayar Borocera madagascariensis'', wanda ke da sunan Malagasy iri ɗaya. Duk da haka, ''B. cajani'' nau'in halittar da ke da alaƙa da samar da siliki a tsaunukan Madagascar, yayin da ''B. madagascariensis'' ana samunsa a ɓangaren bakin teku na tsibirin. &lt;ref name=&quot;uliege&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=Tsiresy M. |last2=Rajoelison |first2=Gabrielle |last3=Ramamonjisoa |first3=Bruno |last4=Raminosoa |first4=Noromalala |last5=Poncelet |first5=Marc |last6=Bogaert |first6=Jan |last7=Haubruge |first7=Éric |last8=J. Verheggen |first8=François |date=2012-01-01 |title=Silk moths in Madagascar: A review of the biology, uses, and challenges related to ''Borocera cajani'' (Vinson, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) |url=https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=10044 |url-status=live |journal=BASE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=269–276 |issn=1370-6233 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527072957/https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=10044 |archive-date=2021-05-27 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana samun ƙwari a cikin dazuzzukan tapia masu tsayi a cikin Madagascar, ciki har da yankunan Imamo da [[Itremo massif]], Isalo National Park, da ''[[Col des Tapia]]'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;uliege&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=Tsiresy M. |last2=Rajoelison |first2=Gabrielle |last3=Ramamonjisoa |first3=Bruno |last4=Raminosoa |first4=Noromalala |last5=Poncelet |first5=Marc |last6=Bogaert |first6=Jan |last7=Haubruge |first7=Éric |last8=J. Verheggen |first8=François |date=2012-01-01 |title=Silk moths in Madagascar: A review of the biology, uses, and challenges related to ''Borocera cajani'' (Vinson, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) |url=https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=10044 |url-status=live |journal=BASE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=269–276 |issn=1370-6233 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527072957/https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=10044 |archive-date=2021-05-27 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRazafimanantsoaRajoelisonRamamonjisoaRaminosoa2012&quot;&gt;Razafimanantsoa, Tsiresy M.; Rajoelison, Gabrielle; Ramamonjisoa, Bruno; Raminosoa, Noromalala; Poncelet, Marc; Bogaert, Jan; Haubruge, Éric; J. Verheggen, François (2012-01-01). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;africanento&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=T.M. |last2=Raminosoa |first2=N. |last3=Rakotondrasoa |first3=O.L. |last4=Rajoelison |first4=G.L. |last5=Bogaert |first5=J. |last6=Rabearisoa |first6=M.R. |last7=Ramamonjisoa |first7=B.S. |last8=Poncelet |first8=M. |last9=Haubruge |first9=E. |last10=Verheggen |first10=F.J. |date=March 2013 |title=Silkworm Moths Inventory in Their Natural Tapia Forest Habitat (Madagascar): Diversity, Population Dynamics and Host Plants |url=https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |url-status=live |journal=African Entomology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=137–150 |doi=10.4001/003.021.0123 |issn=1021-3589 |s2cid=83968243 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213745/https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRazafimanantsoaRaminosoaRakotondrasoaRajoelison2013&quot;&gt;Razafimanantsoa, T.M.; Raminosoa, N.; Rakotondrasoa, O.L.; Rajoelison, G.L.; Bogaert, J.; Rabearisoa, M.R.; Ramamonjisoa, B.S.; Poncelet, M.; Haubruge, E.; Verheggen, F.J. (March 2013). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Yana tashi duk shekara a cikin dajin tapia. &lt;ref name=&quot;africanento&quot; /&gt;

B. cajani yana samar da wani nau'in siliki na daji wanda mutanen Madagascar na asali na tsaunukan Madagascar suka girbe tsawon ɗaruruwan shekaru. [1] Samar da siliki da sakar siliki yana faruwa a cikin al'ummomi daban-daban. Cibiyar samar da siliki ta Landibe ita ce garin Sahatsiho Ambohimanjaka na tsakiyar Madagascar. [2] Siliki na Landibe na daji ya fi na Bombyx mori siliki na yau da kullun kauri. [2]

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
''B. cajani'' bivoltine ne, &lt;ref name=&quot;kull&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kull |first=Christian A. |date=2002-03-01 |title=The 'Degraded' Tapia Woodlands of Highland Madagascar: Rural Economy, Fire Ecology, and Forest Conservation |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08873630209478290?journalCode=rjcg20 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Cultural Geography |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=95–128 |doi=10.1080/08873630209478290 |s2cid=143264725 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213335/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08873630209478290?journalCode=rjcg20 |archive-date=2021-06-02 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tarihin rayuwarsa yana daidai da na kwaron ''Europtera punctillata'' mai alaƙa. &lt;ref name=&quot;africanento&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=T.M. |last2=Raminosoa |first2=N. |last3=Rakotondrasoa |first3=O.L. |last4=Rajoelison |first4=G.L. |last5=Bogaert |first5=J. |last6=Rabearisoa |first6=M.R. |last7=Ramamonjisoa |first7=B.S. |last8=Poncelet |first8=M. |last9=Haubruge |first9=E. |last10=Verheggen |first10=F.J. |date=March 2013 |title=Silkworm Moths Inventory in Their Natural Tapia Forest Habitat (Madagascar): Diversity, Population Dynamics and Host Plants |url=https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |url-status=live |journal=African Entomology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=137–150 |doi=10.4001/003.021.0123 |issn=1021-3589 |s2cid=83968243 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213745/https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRazafimanantsoaRaminosoaRakotondrasoaRajoelison2013&quot;&gt;Razafimanantsoa, T.M.; Raminosoa, N.; Rakotondrasoa, O.L.; Rajoelison, G.L.; Bogaert, J.; Rabearisoa, M.R.; Ramamonjisoa, B.S.; Poncelet, M.; Haubruge, E.; Verheggen, F.J. (March 2013). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An yi hasashen cewa nau'in trivoltine ne, kuma ba shi da matakin jajayen diapause. &lt;ref name=&quot;africanento&quot; /&gt; An lura cewa yana da zagayowar rayuwa mara daidaituwa dangane da wurin, tare da yuwuwar dalili shine cewa yankin Imamo yana ɗan dumi da danshi idan aka kwatanta da yankin Itremo. &lt;ref name=&quot;africanento&quot; /&gt;

Ana yin ƙwai na farko a tsakanin watan Nuwamba zuwa Janairu, kuma ƙarni na biyu daga Maris zuwa Afrilu. Tsutsotsi suna aiki daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu, da Maris zuwa Yuni/Yuli. Ana samun pupae a watan Fabrairu zuwa Maris, da Yuli zuwa Nuwamba. Akwai matakai biyar na tsutsotsi.  Pupae na ƙarni na biyu sun fi na farko yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;africanento&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=T.M. |last2=Raminosoa |first2=N. |last3=Rakotondrasoa |first3=O.L. |last4=Rajoelison |first4=G.L. |last5=Bogaert |first5=J. |last6=Rabearisoa |first6=M.R. |last7=Ramamonjisoa |first7=B.S. |last8=Poncelet |first8=M. |last9=Haubruge |first9=E. |last10=Verheggen |first10=F.J. |date=March 2013 |title=Silkworm Moths Inventory in Their Natural Tapia Forest Habitat (Madagascar): Diversity, Population Dynamics and Host Plants |url=https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |url-status=live |journal=African Entomology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=137–150 |doi=10.4001/003.021.0123 |issn=1021-3589 |s2cid=83968243 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213745/https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRazafimanantsoaRaminosoaRakotondrasoaRajoelison2013&quot;&gt;Razafimanantsoa, T.M.; Raminosoa, N.; Rakotondrasoa, O.L.; Rajoelison, G.L.; Bogaert, J.; Rabearisoa, M.R.; Ramamonjisoa, B.S.; Poncelet, M.; Haubruge, E.; Verheggen, F.J. (March 2013). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Duk zagayowar rayuwa tana ɗaukar tsakanin kwanaki 102 zuwa 192 don kammalawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;uliege&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=Tsiresy M. |last2=Rajoelison |first2=Gabrielle |last3=Ramamonjisoa |first3=Bruno |last4=Raminosoa |first4=Noromalala |last5=Poncelet |first5=Marc |last6=Bogaert |first6=Jan |last7=Haubruge |first7=Éric |last8=J. Verheggen |first8=François |date=2012-01-01 |title=Silk moths in Madagascar: A review of the biology, uses, and challenges related to ''Borocera cajani'' (Vinson, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) |url=https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=10044 |url-status=live |journal=BASE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=269–276 |issn=1370-6233 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527072957/https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=10044 |archive-date=2021-05-27 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRazafimanantsoaRajoelisonRamamonjisoaRaminosoa2012&quot;&gt;Razafimanantsoa, Tsiresy M.; Rajoelison, Gabrielle; Ramamonjisoa, Bruno; Raminosoa, Noromalala; Poncelet, Marc; Bogaert, Jan; Haubruge, Éric; J. Verheggen, François (2012-01-01). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

''B. cajani'' yana ciyar da waɗannan tsire-tsire: ''Uapaca bojeri'', ''Aphloia theiformis'', ''[[Erica baroniana]]'', ''[[Psychotria retiphlebia]]'', ''Aristida rufiscens'', ''[[Saccharum viguieri]]'', ''[[Tofa (shuka)|Imperata cylindrica]]'', ''[[Dodonaea madagascariensis]]'', ''Schizolaena microphylla'', ''Sarcolaena oblongifolia'', da ''[[Loudetia madagascariensis]]'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;africanento&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=T.M. |last2=Raminosoa |first2=N. |last3=Rakotondrasoa |first3=O.L. |last4=Rajoelison |first4=G.L. |last5=Bogaert |first5=J. |last6=Rabearisoa |first6=M.R. |last7=Ramamonjisoa |first7=B.S. |last8=Poncelet |first8=M. |last9=Haubruge |first9=E. |last10=Verheggen |first10=F.J. |date=March 2013 |title=Silkworm Moths Inventory in Their Natural Tapia Forest Habitat (Madagascar): Diversity, Population Dynamics and Host Plants |url=https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |url-status=live |journal=African Entomology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=137–150 |doi=10.4001/003.021.0123 |issn=1021-3589 |s2cid=83968243 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213745/https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRazafimanantsoaRaminosoaRakotondrasoaRajoelison2013&quot;&gt;Razafimanantsoa, T.M.; Raminosoa, N.; Rakotondrasoa, O.L.; Rajoelison, G.L.; Bogaert, J.; Rabearisoa, M.R.; Ramamonjisoa, B.S.; Poncelet, M.; Haubruge, E.; Verheggen, F.J. (March 2013). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Daga cikin waɗannan tsire-tsire masu masaukin baki, ''Uapaca bojeri'', itacen tapia, shine mafi yawan abincin ''B. cajani'' {{'}} Duk da haka, an yi shi ta hanyar gwaji don fifita wani itace, voafotsy ( ''Aphloiaaeformis'' ). 

''B. nau'ikan tsuntsaye iri-iri, jemagu, dabbobi masu rarrafe, mantids masu farauta, tururuwa, da gizo-gizo suna farautar cajani'' . Suna fuskantar kamuwa da cututtuka ta hanyar kudan zuma na Ichneumonid da Braconid, da kuma ƙudan zuma na tachinid ''Synthesiomyia nudiseta'' . Yana fuskantar cututtuka kamar Pébrine, Muscardine, da Flacherie . &lt;ref name=&quot;uliege&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=Tsiresy M. |last2=Rajoelison |first2=Gabrielle |last3=Ramamonjisoa |first3=Bruno |last4=Raminosoa |first4=Noromalala |last5=Poncelet |first5=Marc |last6=Bogaert |first6=Jan |last7=Haubruge |first7=Éric |last8=J. Verheggen |first8=François |date=2012-01-01 |title=Silk moths in Madagascar: A review of the biology, uses, and challenges related to ''Borocera cajani'' (Vinson, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) |url=https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=10044 |url-status=live |journal=BASE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=269–276 |issn=1370-6233 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527072957/https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=10044 |archive-date=2021-05-27 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRazafimanantsoaRajoelisonRamamonjisoaRaminosoa2012&quot;&gt;Razafimanantsoa, Tsiresy M.; Rajoelison, Gabrielle; Ramamonjisoa, Bruno; Raminosoa, Noromalala; Poncelet, Marc; Bogaert, Jan; Haubruge, Éric; J. Verheggen, François (2012-01-01). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''''Borocera cajani''''', wanda aka fi sani da '''''landibe''''' a Malagasy, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Landibe silk moth Borocera cajani Vinson, 1863 |url=https://www.invasive.org/browse/subthumb.cfm?sub=85963&amp;fam=261 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213418/https://www.invasive.org/browse/subthumb.cfm?sub=85963&amp;fam=261 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=31 May 2021 |website=www.invasive.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;carver&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Carver |first=Edward |date=2019-08-16 |title=Madagascar: What's good for the forest is good for the native silk industry |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2019/08/madagascar-whats-good-for-the-forest-is-good-for-the-native-silk-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214911/https://news.mongabay.com/2019/08/madagascar-whats-good-for-the-forest-is-good-for-the-native-silk-industry/ |archive-date=2021-06-02 |access-date=31 May 2021 |website=Mongabay Environmental News}}&lt;/ref&gt; nau'in ƙwaro ne mai samar da siliki wanda ke da alaƙa da [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;africanento&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=T.M. |last2=Raminosoa |first2=N. |last3=Rakotondrasoa |first3=O.L. |last4=Rajoelison |first4=G.L. |last5=Bogaert |first5=J. |last6=Rabearisoa |first6=M.R. |last7=Ramamonjisoa |first7=B.S. |last8=Poncelet |first8=M. |last9=Haubruge |first9=E. |last10=Verheggen |first10=F.J. |date=March 2013 |title=Silkworm Moths Inventory in Their Natural Tapia Forest Habitat (Madagascar): Diversity, Population Dynamics and Host Plants |url=https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |url-status=live |journal=African Entomology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=137–150 |doi=10.4001/003.021.0123 |issn=1021-3589 |s2cid=83968243 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213745/https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Borocera cajani Vinson, 1863 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/1732284 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603002252/https://www.gbif.org/species/1732284 |archive-date=2021-06-03 |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=www.gbif.org |publisher=[[GBIF]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sau da yawa ana rikitar da shi da irin wannan ''ƙwayar Borocera madagascariensis'', wanda ke da sunan Malagasy iri ɗaya. Duk da haka, ''B. cajani'' nau'in halittar da ke da alaƙa da samar da siliki a tsaunukan Madagascar, yayin da ''B. madagascariensis'' ana samunsa a ɓangaren bakin teku na tsibirin. &lt;ref name=&quot;uliege&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=Tsiresy M. |last2=Rajoelison |first2=Gabrielle |last3=Ramamonjisoa |first3=Bruno |last4=Raminosoa |first4=Noromalala |last5=Poncelet |first5=Marc |last6=Bogaert |first6=Jan |last7=Haubruge |first7=Éric |last8=J. Verheggen |first8=François |date=2012-01-01 |title=Silk moths in Madagascar: A review of the biology, uses, and challenges related to ''Borocera cajani'' (Vinson, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) |url=https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=10044 |url-status=live |journal=BASE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=269–276 |issn=1370-6233 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527072957/https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=10044 |archive-date=2021-05-27 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana samun ƙwari a cikin dazuzzukan tapia masu tsayi a cikin Madagascar, ciki har da yankunan Imamo da [[Itremo massif]], Isalo National Park, da ''[[Col des Tapia]]'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;uliege&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=Tsiresy M. |last2=Rajoelison |first2=Gabrielle |last3=Ramamonjisoa |first3=Bruno |last4=Raminosoa |first4=Noromalala |last5=Poncelet |first5=Marc |last6=Bogaert |first6=Jan |last7=Haubruge |first7=Éric |last8=J. Verheggen |first8=François |date=2012-01-01 |title=Silk moths in Madagascar: A review of the biology, uses, and challenges related to ''Borocera cajani'' (Vinson, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) |url=https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=10044 |url-status=live |journal=BASE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=269–276 |issn=1370-6233 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527072957/https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=10044 |archive-date=2021-05-27 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRazafimanantsoaRajoelisonRamamonjisoaRaminosoa2012&quot;&gt;Razafimanantsoa, Tsiresy M.; Rajoelison, Gabrielle; Ramamonjisoa, Bruno; Raminosoa, Noromalala; Poncelet, Marc; Bogaert, Jan; Haubruge, Éric; J. Verheggen, François (2012-01-01). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;africanento&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=T.M. |last2=Raminosoa |first2=N. |last3=Rakotondrasoa |first3=O.L. |last4=Rajoelison |first4=G.L. |last5=Bogaert |first5=J. |last6=Rabearisoa |first6=M.R. |last7=Ramamonjisoa |first7=B.S. |last8=Poncelet |first8=M. |last9=Haubruge |first9=E. |last10=Verheggen |first10=F.J. |date=March 2013 |title=Silkworm Moths Inventory in Their Natural Tapia Forest Habitat (Madagascar): Diversity, Population Dynamics and Host Plants |url=https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |url-status=live |journal=African Entomology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=137–150 |doi=10.4001/003.021.0123 |issn=1021-3589 |s2cid=83968243 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213745/https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRazafimanantsoaRaminosoaRakotondrasoaRajoelison2013&quot;&gt;Razafimanantsoa, T.M.; Raminosoa, N.; Rakotondrasoa, O.L.; Rajoelison, G.L.; Bogaert, J.; Rabearisoa, M.R.; Ramamonjisoa, B.S.; Poncelet, M.; Haubruge, E.; Verheggen, F.J. (March 2013). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Yana tashi duk shekara a cikin dajin tapia. &lt;ref name=&quot;africanento&quot; /&gt;

B. cajani yana samar da wani nau'in siliki na daji wanda mutanen Madagascar na asali na tsaunukan Madagascar suka girbe tsawon ɗaruruwan shekaru. [1] Samar da siliki da sakar siliki yana faruwa a cikin al'ummomi daban-daban. Cibiyar samar da siliki ta Landibe ita ce garin Sahatsiho Ambohimanjaka na tsakiyar Madagascar. [2] Siliki na Landibe na daji ya fi na Bombyx mori siliki na yau da kullun kauri. [2]

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
''B. cajani'' bivoltine ne, &lt;ref name=&quot;kull&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kull |first=Christian A. |date=2002-03-01 |title=The 'Degraded' Tapia Woodlands of Highland Madagascar: Rural Economy, Fire Ecology, and Forest Conservation |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08873630209478290?journalCode=rjcg20 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Cultural Geography |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=95–128 |doi=10.1080/08873630209478290 |s2cid=143264725 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213335/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08873630209478290?journalCode=rjcg20 |archive-date=2021-06-02 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tarihin rayuwarsa yana daidai da na kwaron ''Europtera punctillata'' mai alaƙa. &lt;ref name=&quot;africanento&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=T.M. |last2=Raminosoa |first2=N. |last3=Rakotondrasoa |first3=O.L. |last4=Rajoelison |first4=G.L. |last5=Bogaert |first5=J. |last6=Rabearisoa |first6=M.R. |last7=Ramamonjisoa |first7=B.S. |last8=Poncelet |first8=M. |last9=Haubruge |first9=E. |last10=Verheggen |first10=F.J. |date=March 2013 |title=Silkworm Moths Inventory in Their Natural Tapia Forest Habitat (Madagascar): Diversity, Population Dynamics and Host Plants |url=https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |url-status=live |journal=African Entomology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=137–150 |doi=10.4001/003.021.0123 |issn=1021-3589 |s2cid=83968243 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213745/https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRazafimanantsoaRaminosoaRakotondrasoaRajoelison2013&quot;&gt;Razafimanantsoa, T.M.; Raminosoa, N.; Rakotondrasoa, O.L.; Rajoelison, G.L.; Bogaert, J.; Rabearisoa, M.R.; Ramamonjisoa, B.S.; Poncelet, M.; Haubruge, E.; Verheggen, F.J. (March 2013). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An yi hasashen cewa nau'in trivoltine ne, kuma ba shi da matakin jajayen diapause. &lt;ref name=&quot;africanento&quot; /&gt; An lura cewa yana da zagayowar rayuwa mara daidaituwa dangane da wurin, tare da yuwuwar dalili shine cewa yankin Imamo yana ɗan dumi da danshi idan aka kwatanta da yankin Itremo. &lt;ref name=&quot;africanento&quot; /&gt;

Ana yin ƙwai na farko a tsakanin watan Nuwamba zuwa Janairu, kuma ƙarni na biyu daga Maris zuwa Afrilu. Tsutsotsi suna aiki daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu, da Maris zuwa Yuni/Yuli. Ana samun pupae a watan Fabrairu zuwa Maris, da Yuli zuwa Nuwamba. Akwai matakai biyar na tsutsotsi.  Pupae na ƙarni na biyu sun fi na farko yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;africanento&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=T.M. |last2=Raminosoa |first2=N. |last3=Rakotondrasoa |first3=O.L. |last4=Rajoelison |first4=G.L. |last5=Bogaert |first5=J. |last6=Rabearisoa |first6=M.R. |last7=Ramamonjisoa |first7=B.S. |last8=Poncelet |first8=M. |last9=Haubruge |first9=E. |last10=Verheggen |first10=F.J. |date=March 2013 |title=Silkworm Moths Inventory in Their Natural Tapia Forest Habitat (Madagascar): Diversity, Population Dynamics and Host Plants |url=https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |url-status=live |journal=African Entomology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=137–150 |doi=10.4001/003.021.0123 |issn=1021-3589 |s2cid=83968243 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213745/https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRazafimanantsoaRaminosoaRakotondrasoaRajoelison2013&quot;&gt;Razafimanantsoa, T.M.; Raminosoa, N.; Rakotondrasoa, O.L.; Rajoelison, G.L.; Bogaert, J.; Rabearisoa, M.R.; Ramamonjisoa, B.S.; Poncelet, M.; Haubruge, E.; Verheggen, F.J. (March 2013). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Duk zagayowar rayuwa tana ɗaukar tsakanin kwanaki 102 zuwa 192 don kammalawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;uliege&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=Tsiresy M. |last2=Rajoelison |first2=Gabrielle |last3=Ramamonjisoa |first3=Bruno |last4=Raminosoa |first4=Noromalala |last5=Poncelet |first5=Marc |last6=Bogaert |first6=Jan |last7=Haubruge |first7=Éric |last8=J. Verheggen |first8=François |date=2012-01-01 |title=Silk moths in Madagascar: A review of the biology, uses, and challenges related to ''Borocera cajani'' (Vinson, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) |url=https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=10044 |url-status=live |journal=BASE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=269–276 |issn=1370-6233 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527072957/https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=10044 |archive-date=2021-05-27 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRazafimanantsoaRajoelisonRamamonjisoaRaminosoa2012&quot;&gt;Razafimanantsoa, Tsiresy M.; Rajoelison, Gabrielle; Ramamonjisoa, Bruno; Raminosoa, Noromalala; Poncelet, Marc; Bogaert, Jan; Haubruge, Éric; J. Verheggen, François (2012-01-01). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

''B. cajani'' yana ciyar da waɗannan tsire-tsire: ''Uapaca bojeri'', ''Aphloia theiformis'', ''[[Erica baroniana]]'', ''[[Psychotria retiphlebia]]'', ''Aristida rufiscens'', ''[[Saccharum viguieri]]'', ''[[Tofa (shuka)|Imperata cylindrica]]'', ''[[Dodonaea madagascariensis]]'', ''Schizolaena microphylla'', ''Sarcolaena oblongifolia'', da ''[[Loudetia madagascariensis]]'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;africanento&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=T.M. |last2=Raminosoa |first2=N. |last3=Rakotondrasoa |first3=O.L. |last4=Rajoelison |first4=G.L. |last5=Bogaert |first5=J. |last6=Rabearisoa |first6=M.R. |last7=Ramamonjisoa |first7=B.S. |last8=Poncelet |first8=M. |last9=Haubruge |first9=E. |last10=Verheggen |first10=F.J. |date=March 2013 |title=Silkworm Moths Inventory in Their Natural Tapia Forest Habitat (Madagascar): Diversity, Population Dynamics and Host Plants |url=https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |url-status=live |journal=African Entomology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=137–150 |doi=10.4001/003.021.0123 |issn=1021-3589 |s2cid=83968243 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213745/https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-21/issue-1/003.021.0123/Silkworm-Moths-Inventory-in-Their-Natural-Tapia-Forest-Habitat-Madagascar/10.4001/003.021.0123.short |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRazafimanantsoaRaminosoaRakotondrasoaRajoelison2013&quot;&gt;Razafimanantsoa, T.M.; Raminosoa, N.; Rakotondrasoa, O.L.; Rajoelison, G.L.; Bogaert, J.; Rabearisoa, M.R.; Ramamonjisoa, B.S.; Poncelet, M.; Haubruge, E.; Verheggen, F.J. (March 2013). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Daga cikin waɗannan tsire-tsire masu masaukin baki, ''Uapaca bojeri'', itacen tapia, shine mafi yawan abincin ''B. cajani'' {{'}} Duk da haka, an yi shi ta hanyar gwaji don fifita wani itace, voafotsy ( ''Aphloiaaeformis'' ). 

''B. nau'ikan tsuntsaye iri-iri, jemagu, dabbobi masu rarrafe, mantids masu farauta, tururuwa, da gizo-gizo suna farautar cajani'' . Suna fuskantar kamuwa da cututtuka ta hanyar kudan zuma na Ichneumonid da Braconid, da kuma ƙudan zuma na tachinid ''Synthesiomyia nudiseta'' . Yana fuskantar cututtuka kamar Pébrine, Muscardine, da Flacherie . &lt;ref name=&quot;uliege&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Razafimanantsoa |first=Tsiresy M. |last2=Rajoelison |first2=Gabrielle |last3=Ramamonjisoa |first3=Bruno |last4=Raminosoa |first4=Noromalala |last5=Poncelet |first5=Marc |last6=Bogaert |first6=Jan |last7=Haubruge |first7=Éric |last8=J. Verheggen |first8=François |date=2012-01-01 |title=Silk moths in Madagascar: A review of the biology, uses, and challenges related to ''Borocera cajani'' (Vinson, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) |url=https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=10044 |url-status=live |journal=BASE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=269–276 |issn=1370-6233 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527072957/https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=10044 |archive-date=2021-05-27 |access-date=31 May 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRazafimanantsoaRajoelisonRamamonjisoaRaminosoa2012&quot;&gt;Razafimanantsoa, Tsiresy M.; Rajoelison, Gabrielle; Ramamonjisoa, Bruno; Raminosoa, Noromalala; Poncelet, Marc; Bogaert, Jan; Haubruge, Éric; J. Verheggen, François (2012-01-01). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mai dafa ayaba</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345579183|Banana fritter]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Frytter na ayaba''' wani irin [[fritter]] ne da aka yi da [[ayaba]] ko plantain da aka soya a cikin man girki mai zafi. Abinci ne da aka saba ci a duk kudu maso gabashin Asiya, [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], da Kudancin Indiya .

== Nau'o'i ==

=== Brunei ===
Busasshen ayaba wani abincin gargajiya ne a [[Brunei]], inda ake kiransa {{Lang|ms|cucur pisang}} .   Suna kama da ''pisang goreng'' a Indonesia da Malaysia . {{Lang|ms|Cucur pisang madu}}, wani nau'in {{Lang|ms|cucur pisang}} an yi shi da zuma, suna shahara a matsayin abincin rana mai sauƙi ( {{Lang|ms|minum petang}} ). 

=== Cambodia ===
[[Fayil:Noum_Chek_Chien.jpg|left|thumb|Soyayyen ayaba na Cambodia a kasuwa a Siem Reap]]
A cikin Khmer, ana kiran gwanon ayaba ''num chek chien'' ( {{Lang|km|នំចេកចៀន}} Ana yin su ta hanyar tsoma ayaba mai laushi a cikin cakuda garin shinkafa, [[Riɗi|tsaban ridi]], farin kwai da [[Madara ta kwakwa|madarar kwakwa]] da aka ƙara [[gishiri]] da [[sukari]] sannan a soya su sosai a cikin mai mai zafi har sai sun yi kauri da launin zinari. Soyayyen ayaba na Cambodia sun fi daɗi fiye da zaki kuma galibi ana cin su a matsayin abun ciye-ciye tare da ice cream [[Attagara|na kwakwa]] a matsayin abin da aka fi so.  Shahararren shagon soyayyen ayaba a Cambodia shine ''Chek Chean Pises'' wanda ke aiki tun 2000 wanda ke da wurare biyu a [[Phnom Penh]] - a Mao Tse Tong Boulevard da Kampuchea Krom Boulevard. 

=== Indiya ===

==== Kudancin Indiya ====
[[Fayil:Pazhampori.jpg|right|thumb|''Vazhakkappam'' in [[Kerala]], [[Indiya]]]]
''Vazhakkappam'' ko ''pazham pori'' ( Malayalam   ), wanda kuma aka sani da ''ethakka appam'', abinci ne mai soyayyen abinci tare da [[ayaba]] ko plantain da aka nuna  da garin maida . Abincin da aka fi so a cikin abincin Kudancin Indiya, musamman a [[Kerala]], galibi ana cin sa a matsayin [[karin kumallo]] ko abun ciye-ciye.   Ana kiransa da ''balekayi bajji'' ( {{Lang|kn|ಬಾಳೆಕಾಯಿ ಬಜ್ಜಿ}} ) in [[Kannada]], ''vazhakkay bajji'' in [[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]], and ''aratikaya bajji'' ( {{Lang|te|అరటికాయ బజ్జి}} ) a cikin [[Talgu|harshen Telugu]] .

Ana yin ''Pazham pori'' ne galibi daga ayaba ko plantain. Ana yanka plantain tsawon lokaci bayan an bare sannan a tsoma shi a cikin batter da aka yi da fulawa mai amfani, gishiri, garin kurkuma da sukari. Sannan a soya shi a cikin mai har sai ya yi launin ruwan zinari. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-11-02 |title=Pazham Pori / Ethakka appam - Kerala Recipes |url=http://www.tastycircle.com/recipe/pazham-pori/ |access-date=2019-02-22 |website=Tasty Circle |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A sauran jihohin Kudancin Indiya na [[Karnataka]] da [[Tamil Nadu]], duk da haka, ana yin sa ne ta amfani da garin besan .

A jihar [[Kerala]], fritters na ayaba suna da muhimmiyar rawa ta al'adu da abinci kuma ana kiransu da ''pazham pori'' ko ''ethakka appam'' . Yawanci ana shirya su ne ta amfani da ayaba ''nendran'' da suka nuna, wanda ke ba wa fritters dandano da laushi na musamman. Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan fritters da yawa ba, ana yin su ne da kansu a matsayin abincin dare tare da shayi kuma ba a haɗa su da curry ko abincin gefe ba. 

Ana yin ''Pazham pori'' yawanci tare da shayi ko chai a matsayin abun ciye-ciye da yamma. A wasu gidajen cin abinci a [[Kerala|Kerala,]] ana yin pazham pori tare da naman sa . 

=== Indonesiya ===
[[Fayil:Pisang_goreng_in_a_basket.jpg|thumb|''[[Fritter|Gorengan]]'' (fritter) mai sayar da titin Indonesiya yana ba da ''pisang goreng'' .]]
[[Fayil:Menggoreng_bakwan_dan_pisang_goreng.JPG|thumb|Frying ''pisang goreng'' in Karimun Jawa]]
A [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], ana kiran fritters na ayaba da ''pisang goreng'' .  Masu sayar da kaya a kan titi galibi suna sayar da su,  A Indonesia, ana soya ''pisang goreng'' a cikin man girki mai yawa; ana iya shafa su da batter ko a'a.

Sau da yawa ana amfani da Plantain maimakon ayaba. A al'ada, wasu nau'ikan ayaba kamar pisang raja, pisang tanduk da pisang kepok sune nau'ikan ayaba da aka fi amfani da su don pisang goreng. Waɗannan nau'ikan ayaba suna da ɗanɗano mai daɗi da tsami da kuma laushi mai ƙarfi wanda ba zai murƙushe ba bayan an soya su. Duk da haka, Pisang raja yana da laushi da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. [1] Sau da yawa ana baƙanta ayaba sannan a soya ta cikin man dabino mai yawa. Ana iya baƙanta Pisang goreng ko a soya ta da ɗanɗano. Baƙatar ta fi amfani da haɗin gari, ko dai alkama, garin shinkafa, tapioca ko burodi . Girke-girke da yawa na iya ƙara madarar kwakwa ko madara da ruwan vanilla a cikin baƙatar don ƙara ƙamshi. [2] Yawancin masu siyar da kaya na gargajiya a titi za su sayar da su kamar yadda suke, ba tare da ƙarin sinadarai ko abubuwan da aka ƙara ba. Duk da haka, shagunan kofi masu tsada, gidajen cin abinci da gidajen cin abinci suna ba da ƙarin pisang goreng mai tsada wanda aka yayyafa da sukari foda, sukari kirfa, cuku, jam, madara mai ɗanɗano, cakulan ko ice cream na vanilla .

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Frytter na ayaba''' wani irin [[fritter]] ne da aka yi da [[ayaba]] ko plantain da aka soya a cikin man girki mai zafi. Abinci ne da aka saba ci a duk kudu maso gabashin Asiya, [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], da Kudancin Indiya .

== Nau'o'i ==

=== Brunei ===
Busasshen ayaba wani abincin gargajiya ne a [[Brunei]], inda ake kiransa {{Lang|ms|cucur pisang}} .   Suna kama da ''pisang goreng'' a Indonesia da Malaysia . {{Lang|ms|Cucur pisang madu}}, wani nau'in {{Lang|ms|cucur pisang}} an yi shi da zuma, suna shahara a matsayin abincin rana mai sauƙi ( {{Lang|ms|minum petang}} ). 

=== Cambodia ===
[[Fayil:Noum_Chek_Chien.jpg|left|thumb|Soyayyen ayaba na Cambodia a kasuwa a Siem Reap]]
A cikin Khmer, ana kiran gwanon ayaba ''num chek chien'' ( {{Lang|km|នំចេកចៀន}} Ana yin su ta hanyar tsoma ayaba mai laushi a cikin cakuda garin shinkafa, [[Riɗi|tsaban ridi]], farin kwai da [[Madara ta kwakwa|madarar kwakwa]] da aka ƙara [[gishiri]] da [[sukari]] sannan a soya su sosai a cikin mai mai zafi har sai sun yi kauri da launin zinari. Soyayyen ayaba na Cambodia sun fi daɗi fiye da zaki kuma galibi ana cin su a matsayin abun ciye-ciye tare da ice cream [[Attagara|na kwakwa]] a matsayin abin da aka fi so.  Shahararren shagon soyayyen ayaba a Cambodia shine ''Chek Chean Pises'' wanda ke aiki tun 2000 wanda ke da wurare biyu a [[Phnom Penh]] - a Mao Tse Tong Boulevard da Kampuchea Krom Boulevard. 

=== Indiya ===

==== Kudancin Indiya ====
[[Fayil:Pazhampori.jpg|right|thumb|''Vazhakkappam'' in [[Kerala]], [[Indiya]]]]
''Vazhakkappam'' ko ''pazham pori'' ( Malayalam   ), wanda kuma aka sani da ''ethakka appam'', abinci ne mai soyayyen abinci tare da [[ayaba]] ko plantain da aka nuna  da garin maida . Abincin da aka fi so a cikin abincin Kudancin Indiya, musamman a [[Kerala]], galibi ana cin sa a matsayin [[karin kumallo]] ko abun ciye-ciye.   Ana kiransa da ''balekayi bajji'' ( {{Lang|kn|ಬಾಳೆಕಾಯಿ ಬಜ್ಜಿ}} ) in [[Kannada]], ''vazhakkay bajji'' in [[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]], and ''aratikaya bajji'' ( {{Lang|te|అరటికాయ బజ్జి}} ) a cikin [[Talgu|harshen Telugu]] .

Ana yin ''Pazham pori'' ne galibi daga ayaba ko plantain. Ana yanka plantain tsawon lokaci bayan an bare sannan a tsoma shi a cikin batter da aka yi da fulawa mai amfani, gishiri, garin kurkuma da sukari. Sannan a soya shi a cikin mai har sai ya yi launin ruwan zinari. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-11-02 |title=Pazham Pori / Ethakka appam - Kerala Recipes |url=http://www.tastycircle.com/recipe/pazham-pori/ |access-date=2019-02-22 |website=Tasty Circle |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A sauran jihohin Kudancin Indiya na [[Karnataka]] da [[Tamil Nadu]], duk da haka, ana yin sa ne ta amfani da garin besan .

A jihar [[Kerala]], fritters na ayaba suna da muhimmiyar rawa ta al'adu da abinci kuma ana kiransu da ''pazham pori'' ko ''ethakka appam'' . Yawanci ana shirya su ne ta amfani da ayaba ''nendran'' da suka nuna, wanda ke ba wa fritters dandano da laushi na musamman. Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan fritters da yawa ba, ana yin su ne da kansu a matsayin abincin dare tare da shayi kuma ba a haɗa su da curry ko abincin gefe ba. 

Ana yin ''Pazham pori'' yawanci tare da shayi ko chai a matsayin abun ciye-ciye da yamma. A wasu gidajen cin abinci a [[Kerala|Kerala,]] ana yin pazham pori tare da naman sa . 

=== Indonesiya ===
[[Fayil:Pisang_goreng_in_a_basket.jpg|thumb|''[[Fritter|Gorengan]]'' (fritter) mai sayar da titin Indonesiya yana ba da ''pisang goreng'' .]]
[[Fayil:Menggoreng_bakwan_dan_pisang_goreng.JPG|thumb|Frying ''pisang goreng'' in Karimun Jawa]]
A [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], ana kiran fritters na ayaba da ''pisang goreng'' .  Masu sayar da kaya a kan titi galibi suna sayar da su,  A Indonesia, ana soya ''pisang goreng'' a cikin man girki mai yawa; ana iya shafa su da batter ko a'a.

Sau da yawa ana amfani da Plantain maimakon ayaba. A al'ada, wasu nau'ikan ayaba kamar pisang raja, pisang tanduk da pisang kepok sune nau'ikan ayaba da aka fi amfani da su don pisang goreng. Waɗannan nau'ikan ayaba suna da ɗanɗano mai daɗi da tsami da kuma laushi mai ƙarfi wanda ba zai murƙushe ba bayan an soya su. Duk da haka, Pisang raja yana da laushi da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. [1] Sau da yawa ana baƙanta ayaba sannan a soya ta cikin man dabino mai yawa. Ana iya baƙanta Pisang goreng ko a soya ta da ɗanɗano. Baƙatar ta fi amfani da haɗin gari, ko dai alkama, garin shinkafa, tapioca ko burodi . Girke-girke da yawa na iya ƙara madarar kwakwa ko madara da ruwan vanilla a cikin baƙatar don ƙara ƙamshi. [2] Yawancin masu siyar da kaya na gargajiya a titi za su sayar da su kamar yadda suke, ba tare da ƙarin sinadarai ko abubuwan da aka ƙara ba. Duk da haka, shagunan kofi masu tsada, gidajen cin abinci da gidajen cin abinci suna ba da ƙarin pisang goreng mai tsada wanda aka yayyafa da sukari foda, sukari kirfa, cuku, jam, madara mai ɗanɗano, cakulan ko ice cream na vanilla .

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Alade mai shayarwa</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349226062|Suckling pig]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Alade mai tsotsa''' ( BrE )  ko '''alade mai shayarwa''' ( AmE )  [[Aladu|alade]] ne da aka ciyar da nonon uwa (watau, alade wanda har yanzu ana &quot; [[Shayarwa|tsotsa shi]] &quot;). A cikin mahallin dafa abinci, ana yanka alade mai tsotsa kafin ƙarshen watansa na biyu. Tun zamanin Girka da Romawa, ana dafa shi gaba ɗaya, yawanci ana gasa shi, a cikin abinci daban-daban, kuma galibi ana shirya shi don lokatai na musamman da taruka.

Bambancin ya shahara a Spain da Portugal da tsoffin daularsu a ƙarƙashin sunan '''{{Lang|es|lechón}}''' (Sifaniyanci) ko '''{{Lang|pt|leitão}}''' (Furutgus), amma abincin ya zama ruwan dare a ƙasashe da yawa a Turai, Amurka da gabashin Asiya. Shahararsa a Birtaniya da Amurka ta ragu tun ƙarni na 19.

== Ma'ana da shiri ==
A cewar Larousse Gastronomique, wani piglet - a cikin Faransanci a porcelet – an bayyana shi a matsayin alade mai tsotsa idan bai kai watanni biyu ba. [1] Littafin Oxford Dictionary of Food and Nutrition ya bayyana shekarun a matsayin makonni huɗu zuwa biyar. [2] Yana iya nauyin kilo uku ko huɗu (6.6 – 8.8 lbs). [3] Mrs Beeton ta ba da shawarar a saka aladen da aka yanka a cikin ruwan sanyi na ɗan lokaci sannan a nutsar da shi a cikin ruwan zãfi, kafin a cire gashi a cire kayan ciki. [4] A cikin littafinsa na 1907 Guide to Modern Cookery, Auguste Escoffier ya rubuta, &quot;Ana gasa aladu masu tsotsa ko ba a cika ba, kuma muhimmin ma'anar aikin shine a yi su ne kawai lokacin da fatarsu ta yi laushi da launin zinari.&quot; [5]

== Tarihi ==
[[File:Dictionary-porcellus-etc.png|alt=Per caption|thumb|Kamus na ƙarni na 16 wanda aka yi amfani da harsuna da yawa yana ba da kalmomin &quot;alade mai tsotsa&quot; a cikin Latin, Girkanci, Jamusanci, Faransanci, Italiyanci, Sifaniyanci da Turanci]]
Girke-girke da yawa na tsotsar alade sun wanzu tun zamanin da. Andrew Dalby a cikin ''Siren Feast: Tarihin Abinci da Gastronomy a Girka'' (1996) ya jawo hankali ga ƙamus na Girka daidai kuma daban-daban don rarraba aladu masu shekaru da girma dabam-dabam, kuma ya lura cewa &quot;aladu masu tsotsa, {{Lang|el|galathenoi}}, wani abu ne na musamman&quot;.  Abincin gargajiya na Sin da Romawa ya daraja abincin: Alan Davidson ya ce, &quot;Tabbas Romawa suna son tsotsar alade&quot;.  A cikin littafinta na 1985 ''Abinci da Girki a Burtaniya ta Roman'', Jane Renfrew ta rubuta, &quot;Ana gasa alade a cikin tanda sannan a yi hidima da miya mai kauri wadda aka ɗanɗana da barkono, lovage, caraway, seleri iri, asafoetida tushen, rue, liquamen, ruwan inabi dole da man zaitun&quot;.  Littafin girke-girke na ƙarni na biyar na Apicius {{Lang|la|De re coquinaria}} (Game da Girki) ya ƙunshi girke-girke da dama don tsotsar alade, gami da {{Lang|la|porcellum assum tractomelinum}} (cika da irin kek da zuma) da kuma {{Lang|la|porcellum farsilem duobus generis}} (an cusa ta hanyoyi biyu - ɗaya cakuda barkono, lovage, oregano, seleri iri, cumin, [[fennel]] iri da rosemary, ɗayan kuma yana ɗauke da tushen laser, kwakwalwar da aka dafa, ƙwai da aka dafa da kuma spelt ).  Alade mai tsotsa ya bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen farko kamar dokar Salic ta ƙarni na shida. {{Refn|As an example of a law governing the punishment for theft, Title 2, article 1, is, in Latin, {{lang|la-x-medieval|Si quis porcellum lactantem furaverit, et ei fuerit adprobatum (malb. chrane calcium hoc est) CXX dinarios qui faciunt solidos III culpabilis iudicetur}}. &quot;If someone has stolen a suckling pig and this is proven against him, the guilty party will be sentenced to 120 [[Denarius|denarii]] which adds up to three [[Solidus (coin)|solidi]] (Latin coins).&quot; The words {{lang|frk|chrane calcium}} are written in Frankish; {{lang|frk|calcium}} (or {{lang|frk|galza}} in other manuscripts) is the [[Gloss (annotation)#In linguistics|gloss]] for &quot;suckling pig&quot;; {{lang|la-x-medieval|porcellum lactantem}}.&lt;ref&gt;Gilissen and Gorlé, p. 166&lt;/ref&gt;}}

Amfani da kalmar a Turanci na farko da aka rubuta tun daga 1553: &quot;Yonge suckynge pygges, {{Lang|lat|porci delici}}  &quot;.  Littafin ''Oxford Companion to Food'' (OCF) ya yi tsokaci, &quot;Ana kiran aladu masu tsotsa a matsayin aladu masu shayarwa; Wannan ba daidai ba ne, domin uwaye ne ke shayar da jarirai, ƙanana kuma ke shayar da jarirai&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;lm&quot; /&gt; {{Refn|John Ayto in his ''Diner's Dictionary'' (2012) argues that the use of &quot;suckling&quot; to mean sucking milk from the teat rather than giving it goes back to the seventeenth century, though he provides no evidence for this and sticks to the traditional English &quot;sucking pig&quot; in his book.&lt;ref&gt;Ayto, pp. 287 and 356&lt;/ref&gt;}} A ƙarni na sha shida, wata kalma ta daban da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce &quot;gasasshen aladu&quot;.  Aladu masu shayarwa ana amfani da su sosai a cikin girkin zamanin da, kuma lokacin da ya zama ruwan dare ga aladu a noma fiye da farauta a cikin dazuzzuka, ana kashe su da yawa kuma a sayar da su a matsayin aladu masu shayarwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;lm&quot; /&gt; A ƙarni na 18, Hannah Glasse da kuma a ƙarni na 19, Mrs Beeton ta buga girke-girke a gare su, &quot;kullum hanyar dafa su ita ce mafi soyuwa&quot;; &lt;ref name=&quot;lm&quot; /&gt; Mrs Beeton ta tanadar da cewa, &quot;Aladu masu shayarwa, waɗanda za a ci su da kyau, bai kamata su wuce makonni uku ba, kuma ya kamata a yi musu ado a ranar da aka kashe su&quot;.  OCF ta ƙara da cewa, &quot;a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan, aladun tsotsa sun zama ba a saba gani ba a Ingila da Amurka.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;lm&quot; /&gt;

=== Manazarta ===</text>
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'''Alade mai tsotsa''' ( BrE )  ko '''alade mai shayarwa''' ( AmE )  [[Aladu|alade]] ne da aka ciyar da nonon uwa (watau, alade wanda har yanzu ana &quot; [[Shayarwa|tsotsa shi]] &quot;). A cikin mahallin dafa abinci, ana yanka alade mai tsotsa kafin ƙarshen watansa na biyu. Tun zamanin Girka da Romawa, ana dafa shi gaba ɗaya, yawanci ana gasa shi, a cikin abinci daban-daban, kuma galibi ana shirya shi don lokatai na musamman da taruka.

Bambancin ya shahara a Spain da Portugal da tsoffin daularsu a ƙarƙashin sunan '''{{Lang|es|lechón}}''' (Sifaniyanci) ko '''{{Lang|pt|leitão}}''' (Furutgus), amma abincin ya zama ruwan dare a ƙasashe da yawa a Turai, Amurka da gabashin Asiya. Shahararsa a Birtaniya da Amurka ta ragu tun ƙarni na 19.

== Ma'ana da shiri ==
A cewar Larousse Gastronomique, wani piglet - a cikin Faransanci a porcelet – an bayyana shi a matsayin alade mai tsotsa idan bai kai watanni biyu ba. [1] Littafin Oxford Dictionary of Food and Nutrition ya bayyana shekarun a matsayin makonni huɗu zuwa biyar. [2] Yana iya nauyin kilo uku ko huɗu (6.6 – 8.8 lbs). [3] Mrs Beeton ta ba da shawarar a saka aladen da aka yanka a cikin ruwan sanyi na ɗan lokaci sannan a nutsar da shi a cikin ruwan zãfi, kafin a cire gashi a cire kayan ciki. [4] A cikin littafinsa na 1907 Guide to Modern Cookery, Auguste Escoffier ya rubuta, &quot;Ana gasa aladu masu tsotsa ko ba a cika ba, kuma muhimmin ma'anar aikin shine a yi su ne kawai lokacin da fatarsu ta yi laushi da launin zinari.&quot; [5]

== Tarihi ==
[[File:Dictionary-porcellus-etc.png|alt=Per caption|thumb|Kamus na ƙarni na 16 wanda aka yi amfani da harsuna da yawa yana ba da kalmomin &quot;alade mai tsotsa&quot; a cikin Latin, Girkanci, Jamusanci, Faransanci, Italiyanci, Sifaniyanci da Turanci]]
Girke-girke da yawa na tsotsar alade sun wanzu tun zamanin da. Andrew Dalby a cikin ''Siren Feast: Tarihin Abinci da Gastronomy a Girka'' (1996) ya jawo hankali ga ƙamus na Girka daidai kuma daban-daban don rarraba aladu masu shekaru da girma dabam-dabam, kuma ya lura cewa &quot;aladu masu tsotsa, {{Lang|el|galathenoi}}, wani abu ne na musamman&quot;.  Abincin gargajiya na Sin da Romawa ya daraja abincin: Alan Davidson ya ce, &quot;Tabbas Romawa suna son tsotsar alade&quot;.  A cikin littafinta na 1985 ''Abinci da Girki a Burtaniya ta Roman'', Jane Renfrew ta rubuta, &quot;Ana gasa alade a cikin tanda sannan a yi hidima da miya mai kauri wadda aka ɗanɗana da barkono, lovage, caraway, seleri iri, asafoetida tushen, rue, liquamen, ruwan inabi dole da man zaitun&quot;.  Littafin girke-girke na ƙarni na biyar na Apicius {{Lang|la|De re coquinaria}} (Game da Girki) ya ƙunshi girke-girke da dama don tsotsar alade, gami da {{Lang|la|porcellum assum tractomelinum}} (cika da irin kek da zuma) da kuma {{Lang|la|porcellum farsilem duobus generis}} (an cusa ta hanyoyi biyu - ɗaya cakuda barkono, lovage, oregano, seleri iri, cumin, [[fennel]] iri da rosemary, ɗayan kuma yana ɗauke da tushen laser, kwakwalwar da aka dafa, ƙwai da aka dafa da kuma spelt ).  Alade mai tsotsa ya bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen farko kamar dokar Salic ta ƙarni na shida. {{Refn|As an example of a law governing the punishment for theft, Title 2, article 1, is, in Latin, {{lang|la-x-medieval|Si quis porcellum lactantem furaverit, et ei fuerit adprobatum (malb. chrane calcium hoc est) CXX dinarios qui faciunt solidos III culpabilis iudicetur}}. &quot;If someone has stolen a suckling pig and this is proven against him, the guilty party will be sentenced to 120 [[Denarius|denarii]] which adds up to three [[Solidus (coin)|solidi]] (Latin coins).&quot; The words {{lang|frk|chrane calcium}} are written in Frankish; {{lang|frk|calcium}} (or {{lang|frk|galza}} in other manuscripts) is the [[Gloss (annotation)#In linguistics|gloss]] for &quot;suckling pig&quot;; {{lang|la-x-medieval|porcellum lactantem}}.&lt;ref&gt;Gilissen and Gorlé, p. 166&lt;/ref&gt;}}

Amfani da kalmar a Turanci na farko da aka rubuta tun daga 1553: &quot;Yonge suckynge pygges, {{Lang|lat|porci delici}}  &quot;.  Littafin ''Oxford Companion to Food'' (OCF) ya yi tsokaci, &quot;Ana kiran aladu masu tsotsa a matsayin aladu masu shayarwa; Wannan ba daidai ba ne, domin uwaye ne ke shayar da jarirai, ƙanana kuma ke shayar da jarirai&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;lm&quot; /&gt; {{Refn|John Ayto in his ''Diner's Dictionary'' (2012) argues that the use of &quot;suckling&quot; to mean sucking milk from the teat rather than giving it goes back to the seventeenth century, though he provides no evidence for this and sticks to the traditional English &quot;sucking pig&quot; in his book.&lt;ref&gt;Ayto, pp. 287 and 356&lt;/ref&gt;}} A ƙarni na sha shida, wata kalma ta daban da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce &quot;gasasshen aladu&quot;.  Aladu masu shayarwa ana amfani da su sosai a cikin girkin zamanin da, kuma lokacin da ya zama ruwan dare ga aladu a noma fiye da farauta a cikin dazuzzuka, ana kashe su da yawa kuma a sayar da su a matsayin aladu masu shayarwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;lm&quot; /&gt; A ƙarni na 18, Hannah Glasse da kuma a ƙarni na 19, Mrs Beeton ta buga girke-girke a gare su, &quot;kullum hanyar dafa su ita ce mafi soyuwa&quot;; &lt;ref name=&quot;lm&quot; /&gt; Mrs Beeton ta tanadar da cewa, &quot;Aladu masu shayarwa, waɗanda za a ci su da kyau, bai kamata su wuce makonni uku ba, kuma ya kamata a yi musu ado a ranar da aka kashe su&quot;.  OCF ta ƙara da cewa, &quot;a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan, aladun tsotsa sun zama ba a saba gani ba a Ingila da Amurka.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;lm&quot; /&gt;

=== Manazarta ===</text>
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    <title>Baba dudu</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1332366462|Baba dudu]]&quot;</comment>
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Baba dudu kayan zaki ne na kwakwa wanda ke fassara zuwa baƙar fata ko duhu a [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odutuyo |first=Adeyinka |date=2023-06-10 |title=These Local Candies Need to Make a Comeback |url=http://www.zikoko.com/chopist/these-local-candies-need-to-make-a-comeback/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=Zikoko! |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-02-03 |title=Baba Dudu - Andies Candies |url=https://andiescandies.com.ng/product/baba-dudu/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau ana kiranta alagbon mai dadi, ma'ana kwakwa mai dadi. An yi shi ne daga madarar kwakwa ko cream da sukari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=for #OunjeAladun |first=Omolabake |date=2021-07-13 |title=Baba Dudu Candy (Coconut sweets) |url=https://ounjealadun.com/2021/07/13/baba-dudu-candy-coconut-sweets/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=Ounje Aladun |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana haɗa sinadaran kuma ana dafa su har sai sun canza launi. Lokacin da ya yi launin ruwan kasa, ana cire shi daga zafi. An bar shi ya sanyaya kadan sannan a mirgine shi cikin siffofi da girma kafin ya yi tauri. Wani lokaci ana ƙara gishiri a cikin girke-girke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Baba Dudu : How to make Baba Dudu (African Dark coconut Candy) – Nigerian Food TV |url=https://www.nigerianfoodtv.com/baba-dudu-how-to-make-baba-dudu-african/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suna daga cikin muhimman kayan lambu a cikin [[Abincin Yoruba]] da Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Some research recommendations for indigenous snacks |url=https://www.financialnigeria.com/some-research-recommendations-for-indigenous-snacks-blog-704.html |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=Financial Nigeria International Limited |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <id>829125</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:17:52Z</timestamp>
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'''Baba dudu''' kayan zaki ne na kwakwa wanda ke fassara zuwa baƙar fata ko duhu a [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odutuyo |first=Adeyinka |date=2023-06-10 |title=These Local Candies Need to Make a Comeback |url=http://www.zikoko.com/chopist/these-local-candies-need-to-make-a-comeback/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=Zikoko! |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-02-03 |title=Baba Dudu - Andies Candies |url=https://andiescandies.com.ng/product/baba-dudu/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau ana kiranta alagbon mai dadi, ma'ana kwakwa mai dadi. An yi shi ne daga madarar kwakwa ko cream da sukari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=for #OunjeAladun |first=Omolabake |date=2021-07-13 |title=Baba Dudu Candy (Coconut sweets) |url=https://ounjealadun.com/2021/07/13/baba-dudu-candy-coconut-sweets/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=Ounje Aladun |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana haɗa sinadaran kuma ana dafa su har sai sun canza launi. Lokacin da ya yi launin ruwan kasa, ana cire shi daga zafi. An bar shi ya sanyaya kadan sannan a mirgine shi cikin siffofi da girma kafin ya yi tauri. Wani lokaci ana ƙara gishiri a cikin girke-girke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Baba Dudu : How to make Baba Dudu (African Dark coconut Candy) – Nigerian Food TV |url=https://www.nigerianfoodtv.com/baba-dudu-how-to-make-baba-dudu-african/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suna daga cikin muhimman kayan lambu a cikin [[Abincin Yoruba]] da Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Some research recommendations for indigenous snacks |url=https://www.financialnigeria.com/some-research-recommendations-for-indigenous-snacks-blog-704.html |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=Financial Nigeria International Limited |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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'''Baba dudu''' kayan zaki ne na kwakwa wanda ke fassara zuwa baƙar fata ko duhu a [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odutuyo |first=Adeyinka |date=2023-06-10 |title=These Local Candies Need to Make a Comeback |url=http://www.zikoko.com/chopist/these-local-candies-need-to-make-a-comeback/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=Zikoko! |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-02-03 |title=Baba Dudu - Andies Candies |url=https://andiescandies.com.ng/product/baba-dudu/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau ana kiranta alagbon mai dadi, ma'ana kwakwa mai dadi. An yi shi ne daga madarar kwakwa ko cream da sukari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=for #OunjeAladun |first=Omolabake |date=2021-07-13 |title=Baba Dudu Candy (Coconut sweets) |url=https://ounjealadun.com/2021/07/13/baba-dudu-candy-coconut-sweets/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=Ounje Aladun |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana haɗa sinadaran kuma ana dafa su har sai sun canza launi. Lokacin da ya yi launin ruwan kasa, ana cire shi daga zafi. An bar shi ya sanyaya kadan sannan a mirgine shi cikin siffofi da girma kafin ya yi tauri. Wani lokaci ana ƙara gishiri a cikin girke-girke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Baba Dudu : How to make Baba Dudu (African Dark coconut Candy) – Nigerian Food TV |url=https://www.nigerianfoodtv.com/baba-dudu-how-to-make-baba-dudu-african/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suna daga cikin muhimman kayan lambu a cikin [[Abincin Yoruba]] da Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Some research recommendations for indigenous snacks |url=https://www.financialnigeria.com/some-research-recommendations-for-indigenous-snacks-blog-704.html |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=Financial Nigeria International Limited |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Shinkafa ta Abakaliki</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:18:44Z</timestamp>
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        <id>28235</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343437777|Abakaliki rice]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Abakaliki_rice1.jpg|thumb|Wani tarin shinkafa na Abakaliki da aka niƙa yana jiran sakawa.]]
'''Abakaliki Rice''' wani nau'in shinkafa ne da aka fi nomawa a [[Ebonyi|Jihar Ebonyi]], wanda ke kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. An sanya masa suna ne bayan [[Abakaliki|Garin Abakaliki]], babban birnin jihar, kalmar tana nufin duk shinkafa da aka shuka da kuma noma a cikin kananan hukumomi 13 na jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Okonkwo |first=Uche |date=2021 |title=The politics of rice production in Nigeria: The Abakaliki example, 1942-2020 |journal=Cogent Arts &amp; Humanities |volume=8 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311983.2021.1880680 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An san shi da dandano na musamman da babban abun ciki na fiber na abinci, ana amfani da shinkafa na Abakaliki a cikin nau'ikan jita-jita da yawa. Yanayin zafi na yankin yana ba da damar akalla sauye-sauye biyu a kowace shekara, yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin girma idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan da suka girma a wasu yankuna. 

== Muhimmancin Aikin Gona ==
Noma na shinkafa a Abakaliki yana da asusun sama da kashi 50 cikin 100 na ayyukan noma a Jihar Ebonyi, tare da kimanin samar da shekara-shekara na tan 134,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anudu |first=Odinaka |date=30 August 2023 |title=Inside the big business of Abakiliki rice farming |url=https://dataphyte.com/latest-reports/inside-the-big-business-of-abakiliki-rice-farming/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213132231/https://dataphyte.com/latest-reports/inside-the-big-business-of-abakiliki-rice-farming/ |archive-date=13 December 2024 |access-date=10 December 2024 |website=Dataphyte}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abakaliki shinkafa mill, babban cibiyar sarrafawa, tana aiki da injunan niƙa 4,500, cibiyoyin ƙaddamarwa 50, da injunan gyare-gyare 10, suna daukar ma'aikata kusan 1,850 kai tsaye da kai tsaye.

== Tarihi ==
Shuka shinkafa na Abakaliki ya samo asali ne daga 1940 a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Najeriya. Da yake fuskantar karancin abinci a duniya a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya ta nemi bunkasa samar da abinci a cikin gida. Bayan taron Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona a Umuahia, Abakaliki, [[Afikpo ta Arewa|Afikpo]], da [[Ohaozara]] an gano su a matsayin wuraren da suka dace don noman shinkafa saboda ƙasarsu mai santsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Okonkwo |first=Uche |date=2021 |title=The politics of rice production in Nigeria: The Abakaliki example, 1942-2020 |journal=Cogent Arts &amp; Humanities |volume=8 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311983.2021.1880680 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin gabatar da shinkafa a yankin Abakaliki, yawancin mutane manoma ne masu cin abinci waɗanda manyan amfanin gona sun haɗa da kayan abinci kamar [[Doya|yam]], [[Rogo|cassava]], [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], cocoyam, da sauransu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Okonkwo |first=Uche |date=2021 |title=The politics of rice production in Nigeria: The Abakaliki example, 1942-2020 |journal=Cogent Arts &amp; Humanities |volume=8 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311983.2021.1880680 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sabili da haka, manoma na yankin da farko sun yi tsayayya da noman shinkafa saboda al'adu da addinai. Misali, wasu manoma masu magana da Izzi sun ji tsoron cewa maye gurbin amfanin gona na gargajiya na yam na iya fusata alloli na kakanninmu. Hakazalika, manoman Ezza sun danganta amfanin gona mara kyau a cikin shekarun 1950 ga gabatar da shinkafa. Koyaya, mazauna waje sun ba da hayar ƙasa don noma shinkafa kuma sun gabatar da ingantaccen dabarun, a ƙarshe sun ci nasara a kan manoma na gida. A shekara ta 1945, noma shinkafa a Abakaliki ya fara fadada, tare da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta kara noma daga kadada 600 a shekara ta 1940 zuwa kadada 18,000 a shekara ta 1954.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kolapo |first=Femi James |date=2007 |title=Farmers and Townspeople in a Changing Nigeria: Abakaliki during Colonial Times |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/5d6f348b1c9c9563194dad7c7d0286de/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=25950 |journal=Canadian Journal of African Studies |volume=41 |issue=2 |page=350 |access-date=12 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829128</id>
      <parentid>829127</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:19:02Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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      <text bytes="4095" sha1="o5b4a64lp5skf6e1iara24coq60f6kv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Abakaliki_rice1.jpg|thumb|Wani tarin shinkafa na Abakaliki da aka niƙa yana jiran sakawa.]]
'''Abakaliki Rice''' wani nau'in shinkafa ne da aka fi nomawa a [[Ebonyi|Jihar Ebonyi]], wanda ke kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. An sanya masa suna ne bayan [[Abakaliki|Garin Abakaliki]], babban birnin jihar, kalmar tana nufin duk shinkafa da aka shuka da kuma noma a cikin kananan hukumomi 13 na jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Okonkwo |first=Uche |date=2021 |title=The politics of rice production in Nigeria: The Abakaliki example, 1942-2020 |journal=Cogent Arts &amp; Humanities |volume=8 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311983.2021.1880680 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An san shi da dandano na musamman da babban abun ciki na fiber na abinci, ana amfani da shinkafa na Abakaliki a cikin nau'ikan jita-jita da yawa. Yanayin zafi na yankin yana ba da damar akalla sauye-sauye biyu a kowace shekara, yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin girma idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan da suka girma a wasu yankuna. 

== Muhimmancin Aikin Gona ==
Noma na shinkafa a Abakaliki yana da asusun sama da kashi 50 cikin 100 na ayyukan noma a Jihar Ebonyi, tare da kimanin samar da shekara-shekara na tan 134,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anudu |first=Odinaka |date=30 August 2023 |title=Inside the big business of Abakiliki rice farming |url=https://dataphyte.com/latest-reports/inside-the-big-business-of-abakiliki-rice-farming/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213132231/https://dataphyte.com/latest-reports/inside-the-big-business-of-abakiliki-rice-farming/ |archive-date=13 December 2024 |access-date=10 December 2024 |website=Dataphyte}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abakaliki shinkafa mill, babban cibiyar sarrafawa, tana aiki da injunan niƙa 4,500, cibiyoyin ƙaddamarwa 50, da injunan gyare-gyare 10, suna daukar ma'aikata kusan 1,850 kai tsaye da kai tsaye.

== Tarihi ==
Shuka shinkafa na Abakaliki ya samo asali ne daga 1940 a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Najeriya. Da yake fuskantar karancin abinci a duniya a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya ta nemi bunkasa samar da abinci a cikin gida. Bayan taron Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona a Umuahia, Abakaliki, [[Afikpo ta Arewa|Afikpo]], da [[Ohaozara]] an gano su a matsayin wuraren da suka dace don noman shinkafa saboda ƙasarsu mai santsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Okonkwo |first=Uche |date=2021 |title=The politics of rice production in Nigeria: The Abakaliki example, 1942-2020 |journal=Cogent Arts &amp; Humanities |volume=8 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311983.2021.1880680 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin gabatar da shinkafa a yankin Abakaliki, yawancin mutane manoma ne masu cin abinci waɗanda manyan amfanin gona sun haɗa da kayan abinci kamar [[Doya|yam]], [[Rogo|cassava]], [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], cocoyam, da sauransu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Okonkwo |first=Uche |date=2021 |title=The politics of rice production in Nigeria: The Abakaliki example, 1942-2020 |journal=Cogent Arts &amp; Humanities |volume=8 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311983.2021.1880680 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sabili da haka, manoma na yankin da farko sun yi tsayayya da noman shinkafa saboda al'adu da addinai. Misali, wasu manoma masu magana da Izzi sun ji tsoron cewa maye gurbin amfanin gona na gargajiya na yam na iya fusata alloli na kakanninmu. Hakazalika, manoman Ezza sun danganta amfanin gona mara kyau a cikin shekarun 1950 ga gabatar da shinkafa. Koyaya, mazauna waje sun ba da hayar ƙasa don noma shinkafa kuma sun gabatar da ingantaccen dabarun, a ƙarshe sun ci nasara a kan manoma na gida. A shekara ta 1945, noma shinkafa a Abakaliki ya fara fadada, tare da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta kara noma daga kadada 600 a shekara ta 1940 zuwa kadada 18,000 a shekara ta 1954.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kolapo |first=Femi James |date=2007 |title=Farmers and Townspeople in a Changing Nigeria: Abakaliki during Colonial Times |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/5d6f348b1c9c9563194dad7c7d0286de/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=25950 |journal=Canadian Journal of African Studies |volume=41 |issue=2 |page=350 |access-date=12 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ruwan inabi na Aljeriya</title>
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      <id>829129</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1328680475|Algerian wine]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Algerian_wine_regions.JPG|right|thumb|250x250px|Wurin (a cikin jan akwatin) na manyan wuraren samar da ruwan inabi na Algeria.]]
Aljeriya tana da dogon tarihi na samar da ruwan inabi wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[Romawa na Da|Zamanin Romawa]]. A ƙarshen karni na 19, samar da ruwan inabi na Aljeriya ya kai kololuwa kuma ya zama babbar ƙasa mai samar da ruwan sha a duniya, tare da samar da shekara-shekara sama da lita biliyan 3 na ruwan inabi. A lokacin, Aljeriya ta kasance mulkin mallaka na Faransa kuma yawancin ruwan inabi da aka samar a Aljeriya an fitar dashi zuwa Faransa don amfani dashi don haɗuwa da ruwan inabi na Faransa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Meloni |first=Giulia |last2=Swinnen |first2=Johan |date=2014 |title=The Rise and Fall of the World's Largest Wine Exporter—And Its Institutional Legacy |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1931436114000030/type/journal_article |journal=Journal of Wine Economics |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=3–33 |doi=10.1017/jwe.2014.3 |issn=1931-4361 |s2cid=232395699 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Finn |first=Katie |date=17 November 2020 |title=Vine Social: A Look Back at the Time When the World's Largest Producer of Wine Was … Algeria? |url=http://cvindependent.com/2020/11/vine-social-a-look-back-at-the-time-when-the-world-s-largest-producer-of-wine-was-algeria/ |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=Coachella Valley Independent |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

== Tarihi ==
Tushen Yin ruwan inabi na Aljeriya za a iya gano shi ne ga mazaunin Phoenicians da tasirin Carthage da ke kusa. A karkashin mulkin Romawa, yin ruwan inabi ya ci gaba har zuwa raguwa bayan mamayar musulmi a Arewacin Afirka a ƙarni na 7 da 8. A wannan lokacin masana'antar ruwan inabi ta iyakance sosai saboda haramtacciyar barasa a karkashin dokokin abinci na Islama. Lokacin da Aljeriya ta zo ƙarƙashin [[Aljeriya ta Faransa|Mulkin Faransa]] a cikin 1830 an sake dasa gonakin inabi don biyan bukatun pieds-noir na gida. Lokacin da annobar phylloxera ta lalata gonakin inabi na Faransa a tsakiyar karni na 19, fitar da ruwan inabi na Algeria zuwa Faransa ya cika gurbi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Becuwe |first=Stéphane |last2=Blancheton |first2=Bertrand |last3=Maveyraud |first3=Samuel |date=2022 |title=New evidence on wine in French international trade (1848–1913): Import discrimination as export quality promotion |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ehr.13156 |journal=The Economic History Review |volume=75 |issue=4 |pages=1242–1269 |doi=10.1111/ehr.13156 |issn=0013-0117 |s2cid=247210955}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani kwararar masu yin ruwan inabi daga yankin Ruwan inabi na Jamus na Baden ya kawo tare da su da wasu dabarun yin ruwan inapi na zamani kuma ya taimaka wajen kara ingancin ruwan inabi ya Aljeriya. Ko da bayan Faransanci sun ci gaba da samar da ruwan inabi na yau da kullun, har yanzu ana amfani da ruwan inapi na Aljeriya a yankuna kamar Languedoc a matsayin haɗin haɗin da ya kara launi da ƙarfi ga ruwan inabi.

Daga 1854 zuwa 1915, samar da ruwan inabi ya karu daga hectoliters 25K zuwa hectolitres miliyan 10. Farawa a cikin shekarun 1880, farashin ruwan inabi na Faransa ya fara raguwa, wanda ya jagoranci masana'antar ruwan inabi don neman goyon baya ga ƙuntataccen shigo da kaya da ƙa'idodin inganci mafi girma. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, annobar phylloxera ta kai ga itatuwan inabi na Algeria. A cikin 1935, an gabatar da sunayen don kare kayan yanki da kuma tabbatar da cewa ba a sayar da ruwan inabi na Aljeriya a matsayin samfurin Faransanci ba, wanda sau da yawa lamarin yake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Algeria's Forgotten Wine Trade |url=https://www.wine-searcher.com/m/2013/04/algerias-forgotten-wine-trade |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423033528/https://www.wine-searcher.com/m/2013/04/algerias-forgotten-wine-trade |archive-date=2013-04-23 |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=www.wine-searcher.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829132</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:19:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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[[Fayil:Algerian_wine_regions.JPG|right|thumb|250x250px|Wurin (a cikin jan akwatin) na manyan wuraren samar da ruwan inabi na Algeria.]]{{Databox}}
Aljeriya tana da dogon tarihi na samar da ruwan inabi wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[Romawa na Da|Zamanin Romawa]]. A ƙarshen karni na 19, samar da ruwan inabi na Aljeriya ya kai kololuwa kuma ya zama babbar ƙasa mai samar da ruwan sha a duniya, tare da samar da shekara-shekara sama da lita biliyan 3 na ruwan inabi. A lokacin, Aljeriya ta kasance mulkin mallaka na Faransa kuma yawancin ruwan inabi da aka samar a Aljeriya an fitar dashi zuwa Faransa don amfani dashi don haɗuwa da ruwan inabi na Faransa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Meloni |first=Giulia |last2=Swinnen |first2=Johan |date=2014 |title=The Rise and Fall of the World's Largest Wine Exporter—And Its Institutional Legacy |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1931436114000030/type/journal_article |journal=Journal of Wine Economics |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=3–33 |doi=10.1017/jwe.2014.3 |issn=1931-4361 |s2cid=232395699 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Finn |first=Katie |date=17 November 2020 |title=Vine Social: A Look Back at the Time When the World's Largest Producer of Wine Was … Algeria? |url=http://cvindependent.com/2020/11/vine-social-a-look-back-at-the-time-when-the-world-s-largest-producer-of-wine-was-algeria/ |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=Coachella Valley Independent |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

== Tarihi ==
Tushen Yin ruwan inabi na Aljeriya za a iya gano shi ne ga mazaunin Phoenicians da tasirin Carthage da ke kusa. A karkashin mulkin Romawa, yin ruwan inabi ya ci gaba har zuwa raguwa bayan mamayar musulmi a Arewacin Afirka a ƙarni na 7 da 8. A wannan lokacin masana'antar ruwan inabi ta iyakance sosai saboda haramtacciyar barasa a karkashin dokokin abinci na Islama. Lokacin da Aljeriya ta zo ƙarƙashin [[Aljeriya ta Faransa|Mulkin Faransa]] a cikin 1830 an sake dasa gonakin inabi don biyan bukatun pieds-noir na gida. Lokacin da annobar phylloxera ta lalata gonakin inabi na Faransa a tsakiyar karni na 19, fitar da ruwan inabi na Algeria zuwa Faransa ya cika gurbi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Becuwe |first=Stéphane |last2=Blancheton |first2=Bertrand |last3=Maveyraud |first3=Samuel |date=2022 |title=New evidence on wine in French international trade (1848–1913): Import discrimination as export quality promotion |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ehr.13156 |journal=The Economic History Review |volume=75 |issue=4 |pages=1242–1269 |doi=10.1111/ehr.13156 |issn=0013-0117 |s2cid=247210955}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani kwararar masu yin ruwan inabi daga yankin Ruwan inabi na Jamus na Baden ya kawo tare da su da wasu dabarun yin ruwan inapi na zamani kuma ya taimaka wajen kara ingancin ruwan inabi ya Aljeriya. Ko da bayan Faransanci sun ci gaba da samar da ruwan inabi na yau da kullun, har yanzu ana amfani da ruwan inapi na Aljeriya a yankuna kamar Languedoc a matsayin haɗin haɗin da ya kara launi da ƙarfi ga ruwan inabi.

Daga 1854 zuwa 1915, samar da ruwan inabi ya karu daga hectoliters 25K zuwa hectolitres miliyan 10. Farawa a cikin shekarun 1880, farashin ruwan inabi na Faransa ya fara raguwa, wanda ya jagoranci masana'antar ruwan inabi don neman goyon baya ga ƙuntataccen shigo da kaya da ƙa'idodin inganci mafi girma. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, annobar phylloxera ta kai ga itatuwan inabi na Algeria. A cikin 1935, an gabatar da sunayen don kare kayan yanki da kuma tabbatar da cewa ba a sayar da ruwan inabi na Aljeriya a matsayin samfurin Faransanci ba, wanda sau da yawa lamarin yake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Algeria's Forgotten Wine Trade |url=https://www.wine-searcher.com/m/2013/04/algerias-forgotten-wine-trade |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423033528/https://www.wine-searcher.com/m/2013/04/algerias-forgotten-wine-trade |archive-date=2013-04-23 |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=www.wine-searcher.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mai hikima</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>829130</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:19:31Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1325788213|Sago]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829130</origin>
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      <text bytes="6808" sha1="jborg3x6qs6bxkxuifp3st02337njzq" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Sago_(Metroxylon_sagu)_in_New_Guinea.jpg|right|thumb|Sago palms ( ''Metroxylon sagu'' ) a New Guinea]]
[[Fayil:Metroxylon_sagu,_Sago_Preparation.jpg|thumb|Bare da kuma daka wani yanki na sago dabino don samar da sitaci mai cin abinci. Kogin Sepik, Papua New Guinea]]
'''Sago''' / / ˈseɪɡoʊ / ) sitaci ne da aka samo daga ƙwayar bishiya, ko kuma ƙwayar ƙwaya mai laushi, na nau'ikan tushen dabino daban-daban na wurare masu zafi, musamman na ''Metroxylon sagu'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Karim |first=A. A. |date=2008 |title=Starch from the Sago (Metroxylon sagu) Palm Tree—Properties, Prospects, and Challenges as a New Industrial Source for Food and Other Uses |url=http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7386/1/Starch%20from%20the%20Sago%20%28Metroxylon%20sagu%29.pdf |journal=Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=215–228 |bibcode=2008CRFSF...7..215K |doi=10.1111/j.1541-4337.2008.00042.x |pmid=33467803 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Babban abinci ne na mutanen ƙauye na [[Sabuwar Gini|New Guinea]] da Tsibirin Maluku, inda ake kiransa ''saksak'', ''rabia'' da ''sagu'' . Mafi yawan samar da sago yana fitowa ne daga yankin Melanesia, musamman Gabashin Indonesia . Ana aika adadi mai yawa na sago zuwa [[Turai]] da [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] don girki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Flour or meal of sago, starchy roots or tubers (HS: 110620) Product Trade, Exporters and Importers {{!}} OEC |url=https://oec.world/en/profile/hs92/flour-or-meal-of-sago-starchy-roots-or-tubers |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A al'ada ana dafa shi kuma ana cin sa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar birgima a cikin ƙwallo, a gauraya da ruwan zãfi don samar da manna mai kama da manne ( papeda ), ko kuma a matsayin fanke .

Sau da yawa ana samar da Sago a kasuwa a cikin nau'in &quot;lu'u-lu'u&quot; (ƙananan tarin sitaci mai zagaye, wanda aka ƙara gelatin ta hanyar dumama). Ana iya tafasa lu'u-lu'u na Sago da ruwa ko madara da sukari don yin pudding mai daɗi na sago . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010-05-23 |title=Sago Pudding with Palm Sugar (Sago Gula Melaka) |url=http://www.mycookinghut.com/2010/05/23/sago-pudding-with-palm-sugar-sago-gula-melaka/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330134429/http://mycookinghut.com/2010/05/23/sago-pudding-with-palm-sugar-sago-gula-melaka/ |archive-date=March 30, 2022 |access-date=9 March 2011 |publisher=mycookinghut.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lu'u-lu'u na Sago suna kama da sitaci masu lu'u-lu'u na wasu asali, misali sitaci [[Rogo|na rogo]] ( tapioca ) da sitaci na dankalin turawa. Ana iya amfani da su a wasu jita-jita, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Learn How to Cook Perfect Tapioca Pearls |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/sago-vs-tapioca-pearl-3030148 |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=The Spruce Eats |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma lu'u-lu'u na tapioca galibi ana tallata su a matsayin &quot;sago&quot;, tunda suna da rahusa sosai don samarwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;real-sago&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 October 2021 |title=Real Sago vs Tapioca Pearls + Sago Pudding Recipe |url=https://hot-thai-kitchen.com/real-sago/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idan aka kwatanta da lu'u-lu'u na tapioca, ainihin lu'u-lu'u na sago ba su da fari, ba su da daidaito a girma, suna da rauni kuma suna da sauri. &lt;ref name=&quot;real-sago&quot; /&gt;

Ana kuma amfani da sunan ''sago'' a wasu lokutan don sitaci da aka samo daga wasu tushe, musamman sago cycad, ''Cycas revoluta'' . Sago cycad kuma ana kiransa da sago dabino, kodayake wannan ba daidai ba ne domin cycads ba dabino ba ne. Cire sitaci da ake ci daga sago cycad yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman saboda yanayin guba na cycads. &lt;ref name=&quot;lafferty&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lafferty |first=Jamie |date=2020-01-07 |title=How a Plant Saved a Japanese Island |url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20200106-how-a-plant-saved-a-japanese-island |publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana amfani da Cycad sago don dalilai da yawa iri ɗaya da sago dabino.

Ba a barin ' ya'yan itacen dabino da aka samar da sago su nuna sosai, domin cikakken nuna yana kammala zagayowar rayuwar bishiyar kuma yana shanye ragowar sitaci a cikin akwati don samar da iri har zuwa mutuwa, yana barin harsashi mai rami. Ana yanke dabino lokacin da suka kai kimanin shekaru 15, jim kaɗan kafin ko jim kaɗan bayan bayyanar furen . An raba rassan, waɗanda suka girma 10 to 15 metres (33 to 49 ft), suna rarrabawa. Ana ɗaukar ƙwayar da ke ɗauke da sitaci daga tushe kuma a niƙa ta zuwa foda. Ana murƙushe foda a cikin ruwa a kan zane ko sieve don sakin sitaci. Ruwan da ke ɗauke da sitaci yana ratsawa cikin kwano inda sitaci ke zama. Bayan wasu wanke-wanke, sitaci ya shirya don amfani da shi wajen girki. Dabino ɗaya yana samar da kimanin 360 kilograms (790 lb) na sitaci busasshe.

== Bayanan tarihi ==
Masanin tarihi na kasar Sin Zhao Rukuo (1170–1231) ya yi suna a zamanin daular Song . A cikin littafinsa ''Zhu Fan Zhi'' (1225), tarin bayanin kasashen waje, ya rubuta cewa [[Brunei|masarautar Boni]] &quot;ba ta samar da alkama ba, sai dai wiwi da shinkafa, kuma suna amfani da ''sha-hu'' (sago) a matsayin hatsi&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harrisson |first=Tom |author-link=Tom Harrisson |date=1969 |title=Volume 1 |journal=[[Brunei Museum Journal]] |publisher=[[Brunei Museum|Muzium Brunei]] |volume=1 |page=106}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Majiyoyi, cirowa da shiri ==

=== Sago na dabino ===
[[Fayil:Sago_Palm_being_harvested_for_Sago_production_PNG.jpg|right|thumb|Ana girbe bishiyar sago don noman sago]]
[[Fayil:Sago_logs.jpg|thumb|An shirya yin amfani da rajistar Sago a Kampung Medong, [[Sarawak]], [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] .]]
Ana samun sago bishiya, ''Metroxylon sagu'', a cikin dazuzzukan ƙasa masu zafi da kuma dausayin ruwa mai tsafta a kudu maso gabashin Asiya da [[Sabuwar Gini|New Guinea]] kuma shine babban tushen sago. Yana jure nau'ikan ƙasa iri-iri kuma yana iya kaiwa mita 30 a tsayi (gami da ganye). Ana kuma amfani da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan ''Metroxylon'', musamman ''Metroxylon salomonense'' da ''Metroxylon amicarum'', a matsayin tushen sago a duk faɗin Melanesia da Micronesia .

Bishiyoyin Sago suna girma da sauri, a cikin tarin shekaru daban-daban kamar ayaba, ɗan tsotsa ɗaya yana girma, sannan ya fure ya mutu. Ana maye gurbinsa da wani ɗan tsotsa, tare da har zuwa 1.5.&amp;nbsp;m na girman tushen tushe a tsaye a kowace shekara. Ganyen suna da kauri kuma ko dai suna da ƙarfin gwiwa ko kuma suna da yanayin hawan dutse matsakaici; ganyen suna da siffar ƙwallo . Kowace gangar jikin dabino tana samar da fure ɗaya a ƙarshen rayuwarta. Ana girbe bishiyoyin Sago a lokacin da suke da shekaru 7-15, kafin ko jim kaɗan bayan bayyanar furannin, kuma lokacin da ganyen suka cika da sitaci da aka adana don amfani wajen haifuwa. Gonaki ɗaya zai iya samar da 150-300&amp;nbsp;kilogiram na sitaci.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <id>829131</id>
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        <id>39275</id>
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      <text bytes="6820" sha1="cz9e0zlsah56gonmn819qtoh0pk1p6d" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:Sago_(Metroxylon_sagu)_in_New_Guinea.jpg|right|thumb|Sago palms ( ''Metroxylon sagu'' ) a New Guinea]]
[[Fayil:Metroxylon_sagu,_Sago_Preparation.jpg|thumb|Bare da kuma daka wani yanki na sago dabino don samar da sitaci mai cin abinci. Kogin Sepik, Papua New Guinea]]
'''Sago''' / / ˈseɪɡoʊ / ) sitaci ne da aka samo daga ƙwayar bishiya, ko kuma ƙwayar ƙwaya mai laushi, na nau'ikan tushen dabino daban-daban na wurare masu zafi, musamman na ''Metroxylon sagu'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Karim |first=A. A. |date=2008 |title=Starch from the Sago (Metroxylon sagu) Palm Tree—Properties, Prospects, and Challenges as a New Industrial Source for Food and Other Uses |url=http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7386/1/Starch%20from%20the%20Sago%20%28Metroxylon%20sagu%29.pdf |journal=Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=215–228 |bibcode=2008CRFSF...7..215K |doi=10.1111/j.1541-4337.2008.00042.x |pmid=33467803 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Babban abinci ne na mutanen ƙauye na [[Sabuwar Gini|New Guinea]] da Tsibirin Maluku, inda ake kiransa ''saksak'', ''rabia'' da ''sagu'' . Mafi yawan samar da sago yana fitowa ne daga yankin Melanesia, musamman Gabashin Indonesia . Ana aika adadi mai yawa na sago zuwa [[Turai]] da [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] don girki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Flour or meal of sago, starchy roots or tubers (HS: 110620) Product Trade, Exporters and Importers {{!}} OEC |url=https://oec.world/en/profile/hs92/flour-or-meal-of-sago-starchy-roots-or-tubers |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A al'ada ana dafa shi kuma ana cin sa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar birgima a cikin ƙwallo, a gauraya da ruwan zãfi don samar da manna mai kama da manne ( papeda ), ko kuma a matsayin fanke .

Sau da yawa ana samar da Sago a kasuwa a cikin nau'in &quot;lu'u-lu'u&quot; (ƙananan tarin sitaci mai zagaye, wanda aka ƙara gelatin ta hanyar dumama). Ana iya tafasa lu'u-lu'u na Sago da ruwa ko madara da sukari don yin pudding mai daɗi na sago . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010-05-23 |title=Sago Pudding with Palm Sugar (Sago Gula Melaka) |url=http://www.mycookinghut.com/2010/05/23/sago-pudding-with-palm-sugar-sago-gula-melaka/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330134429/http://mycookinghut.com/2010/05/23/sago-pudding-with-palm-sugar-sago-gula-melaka/ |archive-date=March 30, 2022 |access-date=9 March 2011 |publisher=mycookinghut.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lu'u-lu'u na Sago suna kama da sitaci masu lu'u-lu'u na wasu asali, misali sitaci [[Rogo|na rogo]] ( tapioca ) da sitaci na dankalin turawa. Ana iya amfani da su a wasu jita-jita, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Learn How to Cook Perfect Tapioca Pearls |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/sago-vs-tapioca-pearl-3030148 |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=The Spruce Eats |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma lu'u-lu'u na tapioca galibi ana tallata su a matsayin &quot;sago&quot;, tunda suna da rahusa sosai don samarwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;real-sago&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 October 2021 |title=Real Sago vs Tapioca Pearls + Sago Pudding Recipe |url=https://hot-thai-kitchen.com/real-sago/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idan aka kwatanta da lu'u-lu'u na tapioca, ainihin lu'u-lu'u na sago ba su da fari, ba su da daidaito a girma, suna da rauni kuma suna da sauri. &lt;ref name=&quot;real-sago&quot; /&gt;

Ana kuma amfani da sunan ''sago'' a wasu lokutan don sitaci da aka samo daga wasu tushe, musamman sago cycad, ''Cycas revoluta'' . Sago cycad kuma ana kiransa da sago dabino, kodayake wannan ba daidai ba ne domin cycads ba dabino ba ne. Cire sitaci da ake ci daga sago cycad yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman saboda yanayin guba na cycads. &lt;ref name=&quot;lafferty&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lafferty |first=Jamie |date=2020-01-07 |title=How a Plant Saved a Japanese Island |url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20200106-how-a-plant-saved-a-japanese-island |publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana amfani da Cycad sago don dalilai da yawa iri ɗaya da sago dabino.

Ba a barin ' ya'yan itacen dabino da aka samar da sago su nuna sosai, domin cikakken nuna yana kammala zagayowar rayuwar bishiyar kuma yana shanye ragowar sitaci a cikin akwati don samar da iri har zuwa mutuwa, yana barin harsashi mai rami. Ana yanke dabino lokacin da suka kai kimanin shekaru 15, jim kaɗan kafin ko jim kaɗan bayan bayyanar furen . An raba rassan, waɗanda suka girma 10 to 15 metres (33 to 49 ft), suna rarrabawa. Ana ɗaukar ƙwayar da ke ɗauke da sitaci daga tushe kuma a niƙa ta zuwa foda. Ana murƙushe foda a cikin ruwa a kan zane ko sieve don sakin sitaci. Ruwan da ke ɗauke da sitaci yana ratsawa cikin kwano inda sitaci ke zama. Bayan wasu wanke-wanke, sitaci ya shirya don amfani da shi wajen girki. Dabino ɗaya yana samar da kimanin 360 kilograms (790 lb) na sitaci busasshe.

== Bayanan tarihi ==
Masanin tarihi na kasar Sin Zhao Rukuo (1170–1231) ya yi suna a zamanin daular Song . A cikin littafinsa ''Zhu Fan Zhi'' (1225), tarin bayanin kasashen waje, ya rubuta cewa [[Brunei|masarautar Boni]] &quot;ba ta samar da alkama ba, sai dai wiwi da shinkafa, kuma suna amfani da ''sha-hu'' (sago) a matsayin hatsi&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harrisson |first=Tom |author-link=Tom Harrisson |date=1969 |title=Volume 1 |journal=[[Brunei Museum Journal]] |publisher=[[Brunei Museum|Muzium Brunei]] |volume=1 |page=106}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Majiyoyi, cirowa da shiri ==

=== Sago na dabino ===
[[Fayil:Sago_Palm_being_harvested_for_Sago_production_PNG.jpg|right|thumb|Ana girbe bishiyar sago don noman sago]]
[[Fayil:Sago_logs.jpg|thumb|An shirya yin amfani da rajistar Sago a Kampung Medong, [[Sarawak]], [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] .]]
Ana samun sago bishiya, ''Metroxylon sagu'', a cikin dazuzzukan ƙasa masu zafi da kuma dausayin ruwa mai tsafta a kudu maso gabashin Asiya da [[Sabuwar Gini|New Guinea]] kuma shine babban tushen sago. Yana jure nau'ikan ƙasa iri-iri kuma yana iya kaiwa mita 30 a tsayi (gami da ganye). Ana kuma amfani da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan ''Metroxylon'', musamman ''Metroxylon salomonense'' da ''Metroxylon amicarum'', a matsayin tushen sago a duk faɗin Melanesia da Micronesia .

Bishiyoyin Sago suna girma da sauri, a cikin tarin shekaru daban-daban kamar ayaba, ɗan tsotsa ɗaya yana girma, sannan ya fure ya mutu. Ana maye gurbinsa da wani ɗan tsotsa, tare da har zuwa 1.5.&amp;nbsp;m na girman tushen tushe a tsaye a kowace shekara. Ganyen suna da kauri kuma ko dai suna da ƙarfin gwiwa ko kuma suna da yanayin hawan dutse matsakaici; ganyen suna da siffar ƙwallo . Kowace gangar jikin dabino tana samar da fure ɗaya a ƙarshen rayuwarta. Ana girbe bishiyoyin Sago a lokacin da suke da shekaru 7-15, kafin ko jim kaɗan bayan bayyanar furannin, kuma lokacin da ganyen suka cika da sitaci da aka adana don amfani wajen haifuwa. Gonaki ɗaya zai iya samar da 150-300&amp;nbsp;kilogiram na sitaci.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Abincin Masar</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:20:27Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351321046|Egyptian cuisine]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3033" sha1="7oq8nud0mn3k2lpwkduq03vy7y8vpoh" xml:space="preserve">Abinci na Masar yana amfani da kaji, legumes, [[Legum|kayan lambu]] da 'ya'yan itace daga [[Nil|Kwarin Nilu]] da Delta na Masar. Misalan '''Abincin Masar''' sun haɗa da kayan lambu da ganyen inabi, [[hummus]], falafel, [[shawarma]], [[kebab]] da kofta. Sauran sun hada da ful medames, mashed fava beans; ''koshary'', lentils da pasta; da ''[[Mulukhiyah|molokhiyya]]'', jute leaf stew. Wani nau'in pita na gida da aka sani da {{Transl|arz|[[eish baladi]]}}  shine abincin Masar, kuma yin cuku a [[Misra|Misira]] ya samo asali ne daga Daular Farko ta Misira, tare da Domiati kasancewa mafi mashahuriyar nau'in cuku da ake cinyewa a yau.

Wani muhimmin bangare na abincin Masar shine kayan lambu, galibi saboda yanayin aikin gona na ƙasar da al'adun abinci na tarihi na [[manoma]]. Ana amfani da bakin [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] masu kyau don noma amfanin gona maimakon kiwon dabbobi, saboda ƙasar noma tana da iyaka kuma kiwon dabba yana buƙatar albarkatu masu yawa kamar ƙasa, ruwa da abinci. Bugu da ƙari, ayyukan abinci na Kiristoci a lokacin Lent, waɗanda ke kiyaye ƙuntatawa na addini waɗanda ke ba da umarnin cin abinci mai gina jiki na tsawon lokaci na shekara, suna ƙara ba da gudummawa ga shahararren kayan abinci na shuka a cikin abincin Masar.

=== Misira ta Dā ===
[[Fayil:Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Menna_009.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton da ke cikin kabarin Menna a [[Luxor]], wanda ke nuna hadayu daban-daban na abinci]]
Abincin Masar na dā, wanda ya kasance daidai da soya da shekaru dubu uku, ya kasance a kan gurasa da giya, wanda duk rukunin zamantakewa ke cinyewa kowace rana. Wadannan kayan abinci galibi suna tare da [[albasa]], legumes, [[Legum|kayan lambu]], kuma, ga waɗanda za su iya sayarwa, nama, kifi, da kaji. Shirye-shiryen abinci sun haɗa da yin burodi, tafasa, gasawa, gasa, da gasa, tare da Masarawa masu arziki suna da damar yin amfani da kayan yaji da kayan zaki kamar zuma da kwanakin.

=== Girka da Romawa Masar ===
Abinci a Girka da [[Lentils|Lens]]&quot; Romawa Misira ya nuna al'adun gida da tasirin kasashen waje, musamman daga Helenawa da Romawa. Abinci na musamman ga yawancin mutane ya kunshi [[hatsi]], pulses, mai, da giya.&lt;ref name=&quot;rawigrecoroman&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Römer |first=Cornelia |title=A Turning Point Food and drink in the Graeco-Roman Period (332 BCE to 614 CE) |url=https://rawi-publishing.com/articles/graeco-roman?lang=en |journal=Rawi |issue=10 |access-date=21 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; An cinye kayan lambu kamar lentils, Chickpeas, [[albasa]], cucumbers, da turnips a ko'ina, yayin da 'ya'yan itatuwa, musamman kwanakin, sun kasance muhimmiyar tushen bitamin. [[Man zaitun]], wanda Helenawa suka gabatar, a hankali ya maye gurbin man radish, kodayake ya kasance mai tsada. Beer, wanda aka saba yi da gurasar da aka yi da ita, shine abin sha mafi girma a lokutan da suka gabata, amma ruwan inabi ya zama sananne, musamman a ƙarƙashin mulkin Romawa, tare da gonakin inabi da ke bunƙasa a yankuna kamar Alexandria da [[Faiyum|Fayoum]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rawigrecoroman&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829134</id>
      <parentid>829133</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:20:48Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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      <text bytes="3046" sha1="oxvu5ylu2homr8lnvusg7hgszygepn5" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

Abinci na Masar yana amfani da kaji, legumes, [[Legum|kayan lambu]] da 'ya'yan itace daga [[Nil|Kwarin Nilu]] da Delta na Masar. Misalan '''Abincin Masar''' sun haɗa da kayan lambu da ganyen inabi, [[hummus]], falafel, [[shawarma]], [[kebab]] da kofta. Sauran sun hada da ful medames, mashed fava beans; ''koshary'', lentils da pasta; da ''[[Mulukhiyah|molokhiyya]]'', jute leaf stew. Wani nau'in pita na gida da aka sani da {{Transl|arz|[[eish baladi]]}}  shine abincin Masar, kuma yin cuku a [[Misra|Misira]] ya samo asali ne daga Daular Farko ta Misira, tare da Domiati kasancewa mafi mashahuriyar nau'in cuku da ake cinyewa a yau.

Wani muhimmin bangare na abincin Masar shine kayan lambu, galibi saboda yanayin aikin gona na ƙasar da al'adun abinci na tarihi na [[manoma]]. Ana amfani da bakin [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] masu kyau don noma amfanin gona maimakon kiwon dabbobi, saboda ƙasar noma tana da iyaka kuma kiwon dabba yana buƙatar albarkatu masu yawa kamar ƙasa, ruwa da abinci. Bugu da ƙari, ayyukan abinci na Kiristoci a lokacin Lent, waɗanda ke kiyaye ƙuntatawa na addini waɗanda ke ba da umarnin cin abinci mai gina jiki na tsawon lokaci na shekara, suna ƙara ba da gudummawa ga shahararren kayan abinci na shuka a cikin abincin Masar.

=== Misira ta Dā ===
[[Fayil:Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Menna_009.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton da ke cikin kabarin Menna a [[Luxor]], wanda ke nuna hadayu daban-daban na abinci]]
Abincin Masar na dā, wanda ya kasance daidai da soya da shekaru dubu uku, ya kasance a kan gurasa da giya, wanda duk rukunin zamantakewa ke cinyewa kowace rana. Wadannan kayan abinci galibi suna tare da [[albasa]], legumes, [[Legum|kayan lambu]], kuma, ga waɗanda za su iya sayarwa, nama, kifi, da kaji. Shirye-shiryen abinci sun haɗa da yin burodi, tafasa, gasawa, gasa, da gasa, tare da Masarawa masu arziki suna da damar yin amfani da kayan yaji da kayan zaki kamar zuma da kwanakin.

=== Girka da Romawa Masar ===
Abinci a Girka da [[Lentils|Lens]]&quot; Romawa Misira ya nuna al'adun gida da tasirin kasashen waje, musamman daga Helenawa da Romawa. Abinci na musamman ga yawancin mutane ya kunshi [[hatsi]], pulses, mai, da giya.&lt;ref name=&quot;rawigrecoroman&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Römer |first=Cornelia |title=A Turning Point Food and drink in the Graeco-Roman Period (332 BCE to 614 CE) |url=https://rawi-publishing.com/articles/graeco-roman?lang=en |journal=Rawi |issue=10 |access-date=21 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; An cinye kayan lambu kamar lentils, Chickpeas, [[albasa]], cucumbers, da turnips a ko'ina, yayin da 'ya'yan itatuwa, musamman kwanakin, sun kasance muhimmiyar tushen bitamin. [[Man zaitun]], wanda Helenawa suka gabatar, a hankali ya maye gurbin man radish, kodayake ya kasance mai tsada. Beer, wanda aka saba yi da gurasar da aka yi da ita, shine abin sha mafi girma a lokutan da suka gabata, amma ruwan inabi ya zama sananne, musamman a ƙarƙashin mulkin Romawa, tare da gonakin inabi da ke bunƙasa a yankuna kamar Alexandria da [[Faiyum|Fayoum]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rawigrecoroman&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sabanekh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148966</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829135</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:21:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1307018170|Sabanekh]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829135</origin>
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      <text bytes="2151" sha1="iwf7mgfjfyvnwehirct2xz3o91bb2sn" xml:space="preserve">'''Sabanekh''' ( Arabic       ) miyar alayyafo ce da ake ci a [[Misra|Masar]] da Levant, tare da wasu bambance-bambance dangane da ƙasar. A Masar ana dafa ta a cikin miya mai daɗi da aka yi da tumatir, sau da yawa tare da shinkafa ko burodi. Ana ɗaukarta a matsayin abinci mai gina jiki sosai kuma muhimmin abu ne a cikin abincin Masar . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Spinach With Tomato Sauce |url=https://thematbakh.com/egyptian-spinach-with-tomato-sauce/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=The Matbakh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen ==
A ƙasar Masar, shirya sabanekh yana farawa da wankewa sosai da kuma yanke ganyen alayyafo sabo. A cikin tukunya, ana soya [[albasa]] da aka yanka a cikin man zaitun har sai sun bayyana. Sannan a ƙara [[tafarnuwa]] da aka niƙa a dafa har sai ta yi kamshi. Ana haɗa man tumatir da [[tumatir]] da aka yanka, ana dafawa na tsawon mintuna da yawa don samun tushe mai kyau. Ana zuba kayan lambu a ciki, sannan a tafasa hadin. Ana ƙara kayan ƙanshi kamar coriander da aka niƙa, cumin, gishiri, da barkono baƙi don ƙara ɗanɗano. Sannan ana shigar da alayyafo da aka yanka a cikin tukunya, ana juyawa har sai ya bushe, sannan a dafa a kan wuta mai zafi na minti 10-15 don ba da damar ɗanɗanon ya narke. Ana ƙara ɗanɗanon cilantro da aka yanka kafin a yi hidima. A al'ada ana ba da Sabanekh a kan [[Shinkafa|shinkafar hatsi]] ko tare da burodi mai ɗumi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Style Spinach Sabanek |url=https://www.snapcalorie.com/recipes/egyptian_style_spinach_sabanek.html |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=SnapCalorie}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bambance-bambance na abincin Masar na iya haɗawa da ƙarin nama mai laushi, kamar naman sa ko Ɗan rago, wanda aka yi launin ruwan kasa kuma an dafa shi kafin a haɗa shi da cakuda spinach da tumatir. Wannan yana ƙara ɗanɗano mai wadata kuma yana sa abincin ya cika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian-Style Spinach (Sabanekh) |url=https://www.food.com/recipe/egyptian-style-spinach-sabanek-209019 |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Food.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829136</id>
      <parentid>829135</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:21:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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      <text bytes="2164" sha1="iae0kkrf0y8bqmvxq76sw5fxyx67bqt" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Sabanekh''' ( Arabic       ) miyar alayyafo ce da ake ci a [[Misra|Masar]] da Levant, tare da wasu bambance-bambance dangane da ƙasar. A Masar ana dafa ta a cikin miya mai daɗi da aka yi da tumatir, sau da yawa tare da shinkafa ko burodi. Ana ɗaukarta a matsayin abinci mai gina jiki sosai kuma muhimmin abu ne a cikin abincin Masar . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Spinach With Tomato Sauce |url=https://thematbakh.com/egyptian-spinach-with-tomato-sauce/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=The Matbakh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen ==
A ƙasar Masar, shirya sabanekh yana farawa da wankewa sosai da kuma yanke ganyen alayyafo sabo. A cikin tukunya, ana soya [[albasa]] da aka yanka a cikin man zaitun har sai sun bayyana. Sannan a ƙara [[tafarnuwa]] da aka niƙa a dafa har sai ta yi kamshi. Ana haɗa man tumatir da [[tumatir]] da aka yanka, ana dafawa na tsawon mintuna da yawa don samun tushe mai kyau. Ana zuba kayan lambu a ciki, sannan a tafasa hadin. Ana ƙara kayan ƙanshi kamar coriander da aka niƙa, cumin, gishiri, da barkono baƙi don ƙara ɗanɗano. Sannan ana shigar da alayyafo da aka yanka a cikin tukunya, ana juyawa har sai ya bushe, sannan a dafa a kan wuta mai zafi na minti 10-15 don ba da damar ɗanɗanon ya narke. Ana ƙara ɗanɗanon cilantro da aka yanka kafin a yi hidima. A al'ada ana ba da Sabanekh a kan [[Shinkafa|shinkafar hatsi]] ko tare da burodi mai ɗumi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Style Spinach Sabanek |url=https://www.snapcalorie.com/recipes/egyptian_style_spinach_sabanek.html |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=SnapCalorie}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bambance-bambance na abincin Masar na iya haɗawa da ƙarin nama mai laushi, kamar naman sa ko Ɗan rago, wanda aka yi launin ruwan kasa kuma an dafa shi kafin a haɗa shi da cakuda spinach da tumatir. Wannan yana ƙara ɗanɗano mai wadata kuma yana sa abincin ya cika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian-Style Spinach (Sabanekh) |url=https://www.food.com/recipe/egyptian-style-spinach-sabanek-209019 |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Food.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Salep</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148967</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829137</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:22:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343381529|Salep]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3071" sha1="bh3r7sxvjxbrbs9stxe5paukwk4m103" xml:space="preserve">''''''Sailepi'''''', wanda aka fi sani da '''sahlep''', salepi ko '''sahlab''', gari ne da aka yi daga ƙwayoyin orchid na ''Orchis'' (ciki har da nau'in Orchis mascula da Orchis militaris). Wadannan tubers suna dauke da mai gina jiki [dubious - discussion], starchy polysaccharide da ake kira glucomannan. Ana cinye garin salep a cikin abin sha da kayan zaki, musamman a cikin abincin tsoffin Byzantines da Ottoman, musamman da Levant inda yake abin sha na gargajiya na hunturu. Karin amfani yana haifar da lalacewar orchid a wasu sassan Girka, Turkiyya, da Iran.&lt;ref name=&quot;ns3124&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine|url-status=32–4}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Magana ==
Kalmar ''Salep'' a ƙarshe ta fito ne daga [[Larabci]] {{Transl|ar|saḥlab}} ( {{Lang|ar|سَحْلَب}} ),  da kuma Girkanci salepi σαλέπι ta hanyar Faransa da {{Lang|tr|salep}} a tsakiyar karni na 18. Kalmar Larabci wataƙila an gajarta ta daga {{Transl|ar|ḵuṣā aṯ-ṯaʕlab}} ( Arabic       ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=salep - definition of salep in English {{!}} Oxford Dictionaries |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/salep |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926103905/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/salep |archive-date=September 26, 2016 |website=Oxford Dictionaries {{!}} English}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Definition of SALEP |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/salep |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=the definition of salep |url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/salep |website=Dictionary.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An aro haruffan صحلب da سحلب da ake samu a cikin ƙamus na Larabci na zamani daga Turkiyya. 

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Maqedoni._Një_salepçi_shqiptar_në_Shkup.jpg|thumb|Mai siyar da salep na Albania a Ottoman Üsküp ([[Skopje]] na zamani), 1907]]
Tsohon Romawa da Tsohon Helenawa sun yi amfani da kwararan orchid don yin abin sha, wanda suka kira da sunaye da yawa, musamman &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwTw&quot;&gt;Satyrion&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; da priapiscus. Kamar yadda sunayen suka nuna, sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mai karfi mai ba da rai. Game da salep, Paracelsus ya rubuta, &quot;ka riƙe tushen Satyrion, shin ba a kafa shi kamar sassan sirri na namiji ba? Babu wanda zai iya musanta wannan. Dangane da haka, sihiri ya gano shi kuma ya bayyana cewa zai iya dawo da namiji da sha'awar mutum&quot;.

Salep sanannen abin sha ne a ƙasashen [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] . Ya ji daɗin suna a matsayin &quot;mai ƙiba&quot; ga 'yan mata, don sa su zama masu faduwa kafin aure. Amfani da shi ya bazu zuwa Ingila da Jamus kafin tashiwar kofi da shayi, kuma daga baya aka ba da shi azaman madadin abin sha a gidajen kofi. A Ingila, an san abin sha da saloop . Ya shahara a ƙarni na 17 da 18 a Ingila, shirye-shiryensa ya buƙaci a ƙara foda a cikin ruwa har sai an yi kauri inda za a yi masa daɗi, sannan a ɗanɗano da furen orange ko ruwan rose. Canja wurin tushen orchid na Burtaniya, wanda aka sani da &quot;dogstones&quot;, don bambance-bambance na asali na Turkiyya ya kasance mai karɓa a karni na 18.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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''''''Sailepi'''''', wanda aka fi sani da '''sahlep''', salepi ko '''sahlab''', gari ne da aka yi daga ƙwayoyin orchid na ''Orchis'' (ciki har da nau'in Orchis mascula da Orchis militaris). Wadannan tubers suna dauke da mai gina jiki [dubious - discussion], starchy polysaccharide da ake kira glucomannan. Ana cinye garin salep a cikin abin sha da kayan zaki, musamman a cikin abincin tsoffin Byzantines da Ottoman, musamman da Levant inda yake abin sha na gargajiya na hunturu. Karin amfani yana haifar da lalacewar orchid a wasu sassan Girka, Turkiyya, da Iran.&lt;ref name=&quot;ns3124&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine|url-status=32–4}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Magana ==
Kalmar ''Salep'' a ƙarshe ta fito ne daga [[Larabci]] {{Transl|ar|saḥlab}} ( {{Lang|ar|سَحْلَب}} ),  da kuma Girkanci salepi σαλέπι ta hanyar Faransa da {{Lang|tr|salep}} a tsakiyar karni na 18. Kalmar Larabci wataƙila an gajarta ta daga {{Transl|ar|ḵuṣā aṯ-ṯaʕlab}} ( Arabic       ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=salep - definition of salep in English {{!}} Oxford Dictionaries |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/salep |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926103905/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/salep |archive-date=September 26, 2016 |website=Oxford Dictionaries {{!}} English}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Definition of SALEP |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/salep |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=the definition of salep |url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/salep |website=Dictionary.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An aro haruffan صحلب da سحلب da ake samu a cikin ƙamus na Larabci na zamani daga Turkiyya. 

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Maqedoni._Një_salepçi_shqiptar_në_Shkup.jpg|thumb|Mai siyar da salep na Albania a Ottoman Üsküp ([[Skopje]] na zamani), 1907]]
Tsohon Romawa da Tsohon Helenawa sun yi amfani da kwararan orchid don yin abin sha, wanda suka kira da sunaye da yawa, musamman &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwTw&quot;&gt;Satyrion&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; da priapiscus. Kamar yadda sunayen suka nuna, sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mai karfi mai ba da rai. Game da salep, Paracelsus ya rubuta, &quot;ka riƙe tushen Satyrion, shin ba a kafa shi kamar sassan sirri na namiji ba? Babu wanda zai iya musanta wannan. Dangane da haka, sihiri ya gano shi kuma ya bayyana cewa zai iya dawo da namiji da sha'awar mutum&quot;.

Salep sanannen abin sha ne a ƙasashen [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] . Ya ji daɗin suna a matsayin &quot;mai ƙiba&quot; ga 'yan mata, don sa su zama masu faduwa kafin aure. Amfani da shi ya bazu zuwa Ingila da Jamus kafin tashiwar kofi da shayi, kuma daga baya aka ba da shi azaman madadin abin sha a gidajen kofi. A Ingila, an san abin sha da saloop . Ya shahara a ƙarni na 17 da 18 a Ingila, shirye-shiryensa ya buƙaci a ƙara foda a cikin ruwa har sai an yi kauri inda za a yi masa daɗi, sannan a ɗanɗano da furen orange ko ruwan rose. Canja wurin tushen orchid na Burtaniya, wanda aka sani da &quot;dogstones&quot;, don bambance-bambance na asali na Turkiyya ya kasance mai karɓa a karni na 18.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <id>829140</id>
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        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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''''''Sailepi'''''', wanda aka fi sani da '''sahlep''', salepi ko '''sahlab''', gari ne da aka yi daga ƙwayoyin orchid na ''Orchis'' (ciki har da nau'in Orchis mascula da Orchis militaris). Wadannan tubers suna dauke da mai gina jiki [dubious - discussion], starchy polysaccharide da ake kira glucomannan. Ana cinye garin salep a cikin abin sha da kayan zaki, musamman a cikin abincin tsoffin Byzantines da Ottoman, musamman da Levant inda yake abin sha na gargajiya na hunturu. Karin amfani yana haifar da lalacewar orchid a wasu sassan Girka, Turkiyya, da Iran.&lt;ref name=&quot;ns3124&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine|url-status=32–4}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Magana ==
Kalmar ''Salep'' a ƙarshe ta fito ne daga [[Larabci]] {{Transl|ar|saḥlab}} ( {{Lang|ar|سَحْلَب}} ),  da kuma Girkanci salepi σαλέπι ta hanyar Faransa da {{Lang|tr|salep}} a tsakiyar karni na 18. Kalmar Larabci wataƙila an gajarta ta daga {{Transl|ar|ḵuṣā aṯ-ṯaʕlab}} ( Arabic       ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=salep - definition of salep in English {{!}} Oxford Dictionaries |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/salep |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926103905/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/salep |archive-date=September 26, 2016 |website=Oxford Dictionaries {{!}} English}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Definition of SALEP |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/salep |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=the definition of salep |url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/salep |website=Dictionary.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An aro haruffan صحلب da سحلب da ake samu a cikin ƙamus na Larabci na zamani daga Turkiyya. 

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Maqedoni._Një_salepçi_shqiptar_në_Shkup.jpg|thumb|Mai siyar da salep na Albania a Ottoman Üsküp ([[Skopje]] na zamani), 1907]]
Tsohon Romawa da Tsohon Helenawa sun yi amfani da kwararan orchid don yin abin sha, wanda suka kira da sunaye da yawa, musamman da priapiscus. Kamar yadda sunayen suka nuna, sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mai karfi mai ba da rai. Game da salep, Paracelsus ya rubuta, &quot;ka riƙe tushen Satyrion, shin ba a kafa shi kamar sassan sirri na namiji ba? Babu wanda zai iya musanta wannan. Dangane da haka, sihiri ya gano shi kuma ya bayyana cewa zai iya dawo da namiji da sha'awar mutum&quot;.

Salep sanannen abin sha ne a ƙasashen [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] . Ya ji daɗin suna a matsayin &quot;mai ƙiba&quot; ga 'yan mata, don sa su zama masu faduwa kafin aure. Amfani da shi ya bazu zuwa Ingila da Jamus kafin tashiwar kofi da shayi, kuma daga baya aka ba da shi azaman madadin abin sha a gidajen kofi. A Ingila, an san abin sha da saloop . Ya shahara a ƙarni na 17 da 18 a Ingila, shirye-shiryensa ya buƙaci a ƙara foda a cikin ruwa har sai an yi kauri inda za a yi masa daɗi, sannan a ɗanɗano da furen orange ko ruwan rose. Canja wurin tushen orchid na Burtaniya, wanda aka sani da &quot;dogstones&quot;, don bambance-bambance na asali na Turkiyya ya kasance mai karɓa a karni na 18.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Biya dawakai Uku</title>
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        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1318101642|Three Horses Beer]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Giyar Horses Three''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''THB''' a cikin gida) wani nau'in giya ne mai launin ruwan kasa wanda Star Breweries na [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] ke yin sa tun 1958. Ita ce giya mafi sayarwa a Madagascar kuma an bayyana ta a matsayin alama ta ƙasar. Ana sayar da THB a duk faɗin ƙasar kuma, tun 2005, ana fitar da ita zuwa kasuwanni kamar Faransa, Reunion Island, [[Komoros|Comoros]], da Mayotte . Ana samar da giyar Malagasy a wuraren yin giya guda biyu a Madagascar, ta farko tana tsakiyar Antsirabe da ta biyu a arewacin birnin Antsiranana . THB Pilsener, nau'in THB da aka fi sani da shi, yana da ɗanɗano mai sauƙi kuma ana samar da shi ne daga [[sha'ir]], [[masara]], da hops na gida. Star Breweries kuma tana samar da THB Fresh ( shandy mai ƙarancin barasa 1%), THB Special (6.2% barasa), da THB Lite (1% barasa). Zuba jari na baya-bayan nan a cikin kayayyakin more rayuwa na Star Brewery sun ba da damar ƙaruwa da kashi 20% a samarwa tun 2011.

Bayan an haramta tallata barasa a kafafen yada labarai a lokacin tsohon Shugaban Madagascar Marc Ravalomanana, Star Breweries ta ƙara tallata THB ta hanyoyi marasa kyau. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ɗaukar nauyin gasar zakarun Turai ta THB, gasar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ta ƙasa ta Madagascar, da kuma gudanar da bukukuwan giya na shekara-shekara. Bugu da ƙari, THB wani kamfani ne da ke ɗaukar nauyin mawakan gida akai-akai ta hanyar manyan bukukuwa da rangadin shekara-shekara. Star Breweries ta kuma ɗauki mawaka don yin wasa a cikin bidiyon kiɗa da aka ƙirƙira don tallata giyar. A cikin 2014 an sake fasalin alamar THB sosai, kuma a cikin 2015, an tallata wani sabon taken, &quot;THB eo foana e!&quot; (&quot;THB koyaushe!&quot;), tare da alamar giyar ''Soa Ny Fiarahantsika'' (&quot;Jin daɗin Kasancewa Tare&quot;). Taurarin mawakan Malagasy da sauran fitattun mutane suna tallata giyar akai-akai.

== Tarihi ==
A shekarar 1953, kamfanin Faransa Rochefortaise ya ƙaddamar da ''Société Tananarivienne d'Articles Réfrigérés (STAR)'' (Kamfanin Antananarivo na Kayayyakin Refrigerated) da masana'antar da ke da alaƙa da ita a [[Antananarivo]], Madagascar, don keɓancewa da rarraba Coca-Cola a Madagascar. &lt;ref name=&quot;hist&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Historique |url=http://www.brasseries-star.com/historique |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195710/http://www.brasseries-star.com/historique |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Brasseries Star |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1957, an ɗauki wani mai yin giya don ƙirƙirar giya ta gida. Bayan ƙirƙirar girke-girke 17 daban-daban, ya yi tafiya a ko'ina cikin tsibirin don gwada kowannensu ta amfani da sinadaran gida; mafi kyawun waɗannan shine pilsener da aka zaɓa a matsayin girke-girke da za a samar a wani kamfanin giya na Star da za a kafa a Antsirabe . &lt;ref name=&quot;madalascar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Bière THB Madagascar |url=http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605200300/http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Madalascar.net |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamfanin ya fara samar da giya ta Three Horses Beer (THB) a shekarar 1958. &lt;ref name=&quot;hist&quot; /&gt;

A shekarar 1968, Star Breweries ta buɗe masana'anta a Antsiranana don samarwa da rarraba THB, Coca-Cola, da sauran abubuwan sha masu carbonated a duk faɗin yankin arewacin tsibirin. A shekarar 1980, Star Breweries ta zama mallakar gwamnati; a shekarar 1989, Rochefortaise ta sayar da Star Breweries ga Groupe Fraise, kuma kamfanin ya sami cikakken matsayin mai zaman kansa shekara guda bayan haka. A shekarar 2005, an fara samar da THB a cikin gwangwani a kamfanin giya na Star da ke Antsirabe . &lt;ref name=&quot;hist&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Historique |url=http://www.brasseries-star.com/historique |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195710/http://www.brasseries-star.com/historique |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Brasseries Star |language=French}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.brasseries-star.com/historique &quot;Historique&quot;] (in French). Brasseries Star. 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195710/http://www.brasseries-star.com/historique Archived] from the original on 5 June 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 June&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2011, Groupe Fraise ta sayar da Star Breweries ga kamfanin giya na Faransa Castel. &lt;ref name=&quot;purchased&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 August 2011 |title=Madagascar : la bière THB malgache rachetée par un groupe français |url=http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2011/8/5/brevesdafrique-184143.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195159/http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2011/8/5/brevesdafrique-184143.asp |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Afriquinfos |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Liyafar maraba ==
A kasuwar Malagasy, THB Pilsener ta kasance mafi shaharar nau'in giyar Malagasy kuma mafi shahara a cikin kowace nau'in giyar da ake sayarwa a Madagascar. &lt;ref name=&quot;THBpilsner&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=THB Pilsener |url=http://www.brasseries-star.com/produits/bieres/thb-pilsener |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195142/http://www.brasseries-star.com/produits/bieres/thb-pilsener |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Brasseries Star |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kiyasta cewa ana sayar da lita huɗu ga kowane mutum kowace shekara a Madagascar. An siffanta THB a matsayin &quot;alamar&quot; ƙasar &lt;ref name=&quot;promos&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marsaud |first=Olivia |date=12 July 2008 |title=THB, star de la bière à Madagascar |url=http://www.afrik.com/article10089.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109120945/https://www.afrik.com/thb-star-de-la-biere-a-madagascar |archive-date=9 November 2021 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Afrik.com |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma &quot;alamar ƙasa&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;madalascar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Bière THB Madagascar |url=http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605200300/http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Madalascar.net |language=French}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html &quot;Bière THB Madagascar&quot;] (in French). Madalascar.net. 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150605200300/http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html Archived] from the original on 5 June 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 June&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Wani ɗan jarida ɗan ƙasar Malagasy ya bayyana THB a matsayin alamar ''Fihavanana Malagasy'', wata ƙima ta al'adu da ke jaddada mahimmancin 'yan'uwa da abota. &lt;ref name=&quot;exportation2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 September 2010 |title=THB Pilsener canette, un produit d'exportation qui a du succès |url=http://www.madagascar-services.com/actualites-import-export-madagascar-26/thb-pilsener-canette-produit-exportation-a-succes.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605194707/http://www.madagascar-services.com/actualites-import-export-madagascar-26/thb-pilsener-canette-produit-exportation-a-succes.html |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Madagascar Services |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

THB ta lashe kyautarta ta farko ta ƙasa da ƙasa a shekarar 1980 da lambar zinare a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya da aka yi a Vienna. Daga baya kuma a shekarar 2004, ta sake samun lambar zinare a gasar Monde Sélection de Bruxelles (Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya da aka yi a Brussels, Belgium). [1] A shekarar 2010, an sake karrama THB Pilsener a wannan taron, inda ta sami lambar azurfa. [2] THB Pilsener ta lashe lambar zinare a wannan gasar a shekarar 2012, [3] da lambar azurfa a shekarar 2015. [4] THB Fresh ta kuma lashe lambar zinare a gasar Monde Sélection de Bruxelles a shekarar 2012. [5] Kwanan nan, THB Pilsner ta sake lashe lambar zinare a shekarar 2016 a gasar &quot; Monde Selection de Bruxelles&quot;. [6]

== Samarwa ==
[[Fayil:THB_Pilsener.JPG|thumb|Alamar Pilsener kafin shekarar 2014]]
THB Pilsener, mafi tsufa kuma mafi shaharar giyar THB, launinta mai launin fari mai kauri 5.4 % tare da matsakaicin jiki, siririn kai, da ɗanɗano mai ɗan ɗaci. &lt;ref name=&quot;sobika&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 June 2014 |title=THB Pils 33cl Nouvelle étiquette |url=http://www.sobika.mg/actualite/faits-divers/2014/06/24-thb-pils-33cl-nouvelle-etiquette |publisher=Sobika |language=French}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana sayar da THB Pilsener a cikin kwalaben launin ruwan kasa masu girma biyu: {{Convert|33|cl}} da {{Convert|65|cl}} . Ana kuma sayar da pilsener a {{Convert|33|cl}} da {{Convert|50|cl}}gwangwanin aluminum , &lt;ref name=&quot;THBpilsner&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=THB Pilsener |url=http://www.brasseries-star.com/produits/bieres/thb-pilsener |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195142/http://www.brasseries-star.com/produits/bieres/thb-pilsener |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Brasseries Star |language=French}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195142/http://www.brasseries-star.com/produits/bieres/thb-pilsener &quot;THB Pilsener&quot;] (in French). Brasseries Star. 2015. Archived from [http://www.brasseries-star.com/produits/bieres/thb-pilsener the original] on 5 June 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 June&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ana samunsa a wuraren kasuwanci a Madagascar tun daga 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;pression&quot; /&gt; Star Breweries kuma tana samar da THB Fresh, wani shandy (wanda ake kira ''panaché'' a yankin), tare da ƙasa da kashi 1% na barasa. Ana sayar da shi ne kawai a cikin {{Convert|65|cl}}kwalaben gilashi  . &lt;ref name=&quot;fresh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=THB Frresh |url=http://www.brasseries-star.com/produits/bieres/thb-fresh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605234640/http://www.brasseries-star.com/produits/bieres/thb-fresh |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Brasseries Star |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma bayar da sabon shandy na asali, wanda ke da ɗanɗanon lemun tsami, na ɗan lokaci a cikin wasu dandano da dama, ciki har da na'a-na'a, rasberi, da apple. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2009 |title=The New THB Fresh Flavors |url=https://r1lita.wordpress.com/2009/01/22/the-new-thb-fresh-flavours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605200339/https://r1lita.wordpress.com/2009/01/22/the-new-thb-fresh-flavours/ |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=R1lita |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran nau'ikan sun haɗa da THB Special, tare da barasa 6.2%, &lt;ref name=&quot;diego&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 July 2011 |title=La production de bière à l'usine Star de Diego Suarez |url=http://latribune.cyber-diego.com/economie/427-la-production-de-biere-a-lusine-star-de-diego-suarez.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608214923/http://latribune.cyber-diego.com/economie/427-la-production-de-biere-a-lusine-star-de-diego-suarez.html |archive-date=8 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=La Gazette de la Grande Ile |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; da THB Lite, giya mai ƙarancin barasa (1%). &lt;ref name=&quot;pression&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Andrianantenaina |first=Doda |date=11 June 2006 |title=Brasseries Star : Lancement de la THB pression |url=http://www.houblon.net/spip.php?article3419 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702111524/http://www.houblon.net/spip.php?article3419 |archive-date=2 July 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=La Gazette de la Grande Ile |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana samar da THB a cikin masana'antun giya guda biyu a Madagascar: asalin masana'antar giya, wacce ke Antsirabe, da kuma ta biyu a Antsiranana. &lt;ref name=&quot;promos&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marsaud |first=Olivia |date=12 July 2008 |title=THB, star de la bière à Madagascar |url=http://www.afrik.com/article10089.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109120945/https://www.afrik.com/thb-star-de-la-biere-a-madagascar |archive-date=9 November 2021 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Afrik.com |language=French}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMarsaud2008&quot;&gt;Marsaud, Olivia (12 July 2008). [http://www.afrik.com/article10089.html &quot;THB, star de la bière à Madagascar&quot;] (in French). Afrik.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211109120945/https://www.afrik.com/thb-star-de-la-biere-a-madagascar Archived] from the original on 9 November 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 June&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, ana sayar da THB a cikin kwalaben gilashi masu launin ruwan kasa don kare abubuwan da ke ciki daga hasken rana mai haske. &lt;ref name=&quot;madalascar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Bière THB Madagascar |url=http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605200300/http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Madalascar.net |language=French}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html &quot;Bière THB Madagascar&quot;] (in French). Madalascar.net. 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150605200300/http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html Archived] from the original on 5 June 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 June&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Masana'antar Antsirabe tana samar da kwalaben miliyan 100 &lt;ref name=&quot;festivities&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Andrianantenaina |first=Doda |date=4 May 2008 |title=Début des festivités pour les 50 ans du THB |url=http://www.houblon.net/spip.php?article6149 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045359/http://www.houblon.net/spip.php?article6149 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=L'Express de Madagascar |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; da gwangwani 100,000 na THB a kowace shekara. &lt;ref name=&quot;delestage&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Andrianantenaina |first=Doda |date=8 December 2005 |title=La bière coule à pic sans publicité |url=http://www.houblon.net/spip.php?article2727 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053512/http://www.houblon.net/spip.php?article2727 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=L'Express de Madagascar |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; An zaɓi Antsirabe don masana'antar giya ta asali saboda ruwan da ke wurin yana da ƙarancin sinadarin calcium da sauran ma'adanai, wanda hakan ke ba da gudummawa ga samar da giya sosai. &lt;ref name=&quot;madalascar&quot; /&gt; Ana samun sinadaran samar da THB a ko'ina cikin tsibirin. Ana haɗa sha'ir da aka noma a Betafo da [[Fianarantsoa]] da ke kusa da ita da masara da hops daga Toliara don samar da giya. &lt;ref name=&quot;purchased&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 August 2011 |title=Madagascar : la bière THB malgache rachetée par un groupe français |url=http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2011/8/5/brevesdafrique-184143.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195159/http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2011/8/5/brevesdafrique-184143.asp |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Afriquinfos |language=French}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195159/http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2011/8/5/brevesdafrique-184143.asp &quot;Madagascar : la bière THB malgache rachetée par un groupe français&quot;] (in French). Afriquinfos. 5 August 2011. Archived from [http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2011/8/5/brevesdafrique-184143.asp the original] on 5 June 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 June&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Ana noma sama da tan 2,500 na malt da tan 3,500 na masara kowace shekara a yankin Vakinankatra da ke kewaye don samar da THB. &lt;ref name=&quot;festivities&quot; /&gt; An kafa ƙungiyar MALTO mai manoma 7,000 a kusa da shekarar 1980 a Antsirabe don noman sha'ir da kuma mayar da shi malt don samar da giyar Star Breweries. Ana amfani da malt na musamman don samar da bambance-bambancen da aka saba da su a girke-girken THB na asali, kamar THB Special. &lt;ref name=&quot;diego&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 July 2011 |title=La production de bière à l'usine Star de Diego Suarez |url=http://latribune.cyber-diego.com/economie/427-la-production-de-biere-a-lusine-star-de-diego-suarez.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608214923/http://latribune.cyber-diego.com/economie/427-la-production-de-biere-a-lusine-star-de-diego-suarez.html |archive-date=8 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=La Gazette de la Grande Ile |language=French}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://latribune.cyber-diego.com/economie/427-la-production-de-biere-a-lusine-star-de-diego-suarez.html &quot;La production de bière à l'usine Star de Diego Suarez&quot;] (in French). La Gazette de la Grande Ile. 13 July 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150608214923/http://latribune.cyber-diego.com/economie/427-la-production-de-biere-a-lusine-star-de-diego-suarez.html Archived] from the original on 8 June 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 June&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

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'''Giyar Horses Three''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''THB''' a cikin gida) wani nau'in giya ne mai launin ruwan kasa wanda Star Breweries na [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] ke yin sa tun 1958. Ita ce giya mafi sayarwa a Madagascar kuma an bayyana ta a matsayin alama ta ƙasar. Ana sayar da THB a duk faɗin ƙasar kuma, tun 2005, ana fitar da ita zuwa kasuwanni kamar Faransa, Reunion Island, [[Komoros|Comoros]], da Mayotte . Ana samar da giyar Malagasy a wuraren yin giya guda biyu a Madagascar, ta farko tana tsakiyar Antsirabe da ta biyu a arewacin birnin Antsiranana . THB Pilsener, nau'in THB da aka fi sani da shi, yana da ɗanɗano mai sauƙi kuma ana samar da shi ne daga [[sha'ir]], [[masara]], da hops na gida. Star Breweries kuma tana samar da THB Fresh ( shandy mai ƙarancin barasa 1%), THB Special (6.2% barasa), da THB Lite (1% barasa). Zuba jari na baya-bayan nan a cikin kayayyakin more rayuwa na Star Brewery sun ba da damar ƙaruwa da kashi 20% a samarwa tun 2011.

Bayan an haramta tallata barasa a kafafen yada labarai a lokacin tsohon Shugaban Madagascar Marc Ravalomanana, Star Breweries ta ƙara tallata THB ta hanyoyi marasa kyau. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ɗaukar nauyin gasar zakarun Turai ta THB, gasar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ta ƙasa ta Madagascar, da kuma gudanar da bukukuwan giya na shekara-shekara. Bugu da ƙari, THB wani kamfani ne da ke ɗaukar nauyin mawakan gida akai-akai ta hanyar manyan bukukuwa da rangadin shekara-shekara. Star Breweries ta kuma ɗauki mawaka don yin wasa a cikin bidiyon kiɗa da aka ƙirƙira don tallata giyar. A cikin 2014 an sake fasalin alamar THB sosai, kuma a cikin 2015, an tallata wani sabon taken, &quot;THB eo foana e!&quot; (&quot;THB koyaushe!&quot;), tare da alamar giyar ''Soa Ny Fiarahantsika'' (&quot;Jin daɗin Kasancewa Tare&quot;). Taurarin mawakan Malagasy da sauran fitattun mutane suna tallata giyar akai-akai.

== Tarihi ==
A shekarar 1953, kamfanin Faransa Rochefortaise ya ƙaddamar da ''Société Tananarivienne d'Articles Réfrigérés (STAR)'' (Kamfanin Antananarivo na Kayayyakin Refrigerated) da masana'antar da ke da alaƙa da ita a [[Antananarivo]], Madagascar, don keɓancewa da rarraba Coca-Cola a Madagascar. &lt;ref name=&quot;hist&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Historique |url=http://www.brasseries-star.com/historique |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195710/http://www.brasseries-star.com/historique |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Brasseries Star |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1957, an ɗauki wani mai yin giya don ƙirƙirar giya ta gida. Bayan ƙirƙirar girke-girke 17 daban-daban, ya yi tafiya a ko'ina cikin tsibirin don gwada kowannensu ta amfani da sinadaran gida; mafi kyawun waɗannan shine pilsener da aka zaɓa a matsayin girke-girke da za a samar a wani kamfanin giya na Star da za a kafa a Antsirabe . &lt;ref name=&quot;madalascar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Bière THB Madagascar |url=http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605200300/http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Madalascar.net |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamfanin ya fara samar da giya ta Three Horses Beer (THB) a shekarar 1958. &lt;ref name=&quot;hist&quot; /&gt;

A shekarar 1968, Star Breweries ta buɗe masana'anta a Antsiranana don samarwa da rarraba THB, Coca-Cola, da sauran abubuwan sha masu carbonated a duk faɗin yankin arewacin tsibirin. A shekarar 1980, Star Breweries ta zama mallakar gwamnati; a shekarar 1989, Rochefortaise ta sayar da Star Breweries ga Groupe Fraise, kuma kamfanin ya sami cikakken matsayin mai zaman kansa shekara guda bayan haka. A shekarar 2005, an fara samar da THB a cikin gwangwani a kamfanin giya na Star da ke Antsirabe . &lt;ref name=&quot;hist&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Historique |url=http://www.brasseries-star.com/historique |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195710/http://www.brasseries-star.com/historique |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Brasseries Star |language=French}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.brasseries-star.com/historique &quot;Historique&quot;] (in French). Brasseries Star. 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195710/http://www.brasseries-star.com/historique Archived] from the original on 5 June 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 June&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2011, Groupe Fraise ta sayar da Star Breweries ga kamfanin giya na Faransa Castel. &lt;ref name=&quot;purchased&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 August 2011 |title=Madagascar : la bière THB malgache rachetée par un groupe français |url=http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2011/8/5/brevesdafrique-184143.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195159/http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2011/8/5/brevesdafrique-184143.asp |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Afriquinfos |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Liyafar maraba ==
A kasuwar Malagasy, THB Pilsener ta kasance mafi shaharar nau'in giyar Malagasy kuma mafi shahara a cikin kowace nau'in giyar da ake sayarwa a Madagascar. &lt;ref name=&quot;THBpilsner&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=THB Pilsener |url=http://www.brasseries-star.com/produits/bieres/thb-pilsener |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195142/http://www.brasseries-star.com/produits/bieres/thb-pilsener |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Brasseries Star |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kiyasta cewa ana sayar da lita huɗu ga kowane mutum kowace shekara a Madagascar. An siffanta THB a matsayin &quot;alamar&quot; ƙasar &lt;ref name=&quot;promos&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marsaud |first=Olivia |date=12 July 2008 |title=THB, star de la bière à Madagascar |url=http://www.afrik.com/article10089.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109120945/https://www.afrik.com/thb-star-de-la-biere-a-madagascar |archive-date=9 November 2021 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Afrik.com |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma &quot;alamar ƙasa&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;madalascar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Bière THB Madagascar |url=http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605200300/http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Madalascar.net |language=French}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html &quot;Bière THB Madagascar&quot;] (in French). Madalascar.net. 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150605200300/http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html Archived] from the original on 5 June 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 June&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Wani ɗan jarida ɗan ƙasar Malagasy ya bayyana THB a matsayin alamar ''Fihavanana Malagasy'', wata ƙima ta al'adu da ke jaddada mahimmancin 'yan'uwa da abota. &lt;ref name=&quot;exportation2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 September 2010 |title=THB Pilsener canette, un produit d'exportation qui a du succès |url=http://www.madagascar-services.com/actualites-import-export-madagascar-26/thb-pilsener-canette-produit-exportation-a-succes.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605194707/http://www.madagascar-services.com/actualites-import-export-madagascar-26/thb-pilsener-canette-produit-exportation-a-succes.html |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Madagascar Services |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

THB ta lashe kyautarta ta farko ta ƙasa da ƙasa a shekarar 1980 da lambar zinare a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya da aka yi a Vienna. Daga baya kuma a shekarar 2004, ta sake samun lambar zinare a gasar Monde Sélection de Bruxelles (Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya da aka yi a Brussels, Belgium). [1] A shekarar 2010, an sake karrama THB Pilsener a wannan taron, inda ta sami lambar azurfa. [2] THB Pilsener ta lashe lambar zinare a wannan gasar a shekarar 2012, [3] da lambar azurfa a shekarar 2015. [4] THB Fresh ta kuma lashe lambar zinare a gasar Monde Sélection de Bruxelles a shekarar 2012. [5] Kwanan nan, THB Pilsner ta sake lashe lambar zinare a shekarar 2016 a gasar &quot; Monde Selection de Bruxelles&quot;. [6]

== Samarwa ==
[[Fayil:THB_Pilsener.JPG|thumb|Alamar Pilsener kafin shekarar 2014]]
THB Pilsener, mafi tsufa kuma mafi shaharar giyar THB, launinta mai launin fari mai kauri 5.4 % tare da matsakaicin jiki, siririn kai, da ɗanɗano mai ɗan ɗaci. &lt;ref name=&quot;sobika&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 June 2014 |title=THB Pils 33cl Nouvelle étiquette |url=http://www.sobika.mg/actualite/faits-divers/2014/06/24-thb-pils-33cl-nouvelle-etiquette |publisher=Sobika |language=French}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana sayar da THB Pilsener a cikin kwalaben launin ruwan kasa masu girma biyu: {{Convert|33|cl}} da {{Convert|65|cl}} . Ana kuma sayar da pilsener a {{Convert|33|cl}} da {{Convert|50|cl}}gwangwanin aluminum , &lt;ref name=&quot;THBpilsner&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=THB Pilsener |url=http://www.brasseries-star.com/produits/bieres/thb-pilsener |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195142/http://www.brasseries-star.com/produits/bieres/thb-pilsener |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Brasseries Star |language=French}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195142/http://www.brasseries-star.com/produits/bieres/thb-pilsener &quot;THB Pilsener&quot;] (in French). Brasseries Star. 2015. Archived from [http://www.brasseries-star.com/produits/bieres/thb-pilsener the original] on 5 June 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 June&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ana samunsa a wuraren kasuwanci a Madagascar tun daga 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;pression&quot; /&gt; Star Breweries kuma tana samar da THB Fresh, wani shandy (wanda ake kira ''panaché'' a yankin), tare da ƙasa da kashi 1% na barasa. Ana sayar da shi ne kawai a cikin {{Convert|65|cl}}kwalaben gilashi  . &lt;ref name=&quot;fresh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=THB Frresh |url=http://www.brasseries-star.com/produits/bieres/thb-fresh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605234640/http://www.brasseries-star.com/produits/bieres/thb-fresh |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Brasseries Star |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma bayar da sabon shandy na asali, wanda ke da ɗanɗanon lemun tsami, na ɗan lokaci a cikin wasu dandano da dama, ciki har da na'a-na'a, rasberi, da apple. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2009 |title=The New THB Fresh Flavors |url=https://r1lita.wordpress.com/2009/01/22/the-new-thb-fresh-flavours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605200339/https://r1lita.wordpress.com/2009/01/22/the-new-thb-fresh-flavours/ |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=R1lita |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran nau'ikan sun haɗa da THB Special, tare da barasa 6.2%, &lt;ref name=&quot;diego&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 July 2011 |title=La production de bière à l'usine Star de Diego Suarez |url=http://latribune.cyber-diego.com/economie/427-la-production-de-biere-a-lusine-star-de-diego-suarez.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608214923/http://latribune.cyber-diego.com/economie/427-la-production-de-biere-a-lusine-star-de-diego-suarez.html |archive-date=8 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=La Gazette de la Grande Ile |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; da THB Lite, giya mai ƙarancin barasa (1%). &lt;ref name=&quot;pression&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Andrianantenaina |first=Doda |date=11 June 2006 |title=Brasseries Star : Lancement de la THB pression |url=http://www.houblon.net/spip.php?article3419 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702111524/http://www.houblon.net/spip.php?article3419 |archive-date=2 July 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=La Gazette de la Grande Ile |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana samar da THB a cikin masana'antun giya guda biyu a Madagascar: asalin masana'antar giya, wacce ke Antsirabe, da kuma ta biyu a Antsiranana. &lt;ref name=&quot;promos&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marsaud |first=Olivia |date=12 July 2008 |title=THB, star de la bière à Madagascar |url=http://www.afrik.com/article10089.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109120945/https://www.afrik.com/thb-star-de-la-biere-a-madagascar |archive-date=9 November 2021 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Afrik.com |language=French}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMarsaud2008&quot;&gt;Marsaud, Olivia (12 July 2008). [http://www.afrik.com/article10089.html &quot;THB, star de la bière à Madagascar&quot;] (in French). Afrik.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211109120945/https://www.afrik.com/thb-star-de-la-biere-a-madagascar Archived] from the original on 9 November 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 June&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, ana sayar da THB a cikin kwalaben gilashi masu launin ruwan kasa don kare abubuwan da ke ciki daga hasken rana mai haske. &lt;ref name=&quot;madalascar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Bière THB Madagascar |url=http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605200300/http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Madalascar.net |language=French}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html &quot;Bière THB Madagascar&quot;] (in French). Madalascar.net. 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150605200300/http://www.madalascar.net/thb.html Archived] from the original on 5 June 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 June&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Masana'antar Antsirabe tana samar da kwalaben miliyan 100 &lt;ref name=&quot;festivities&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Andrianantenaina |first=Doda |date=4 May 2008 |title=Début des festivités pour les 50 ans du THB |url=http://www.houblon.net/spip.php?article6149 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045359/http://www.houblon.net/spip.php?article6149 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=L'Express de Madagascar |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; da gwangwani 100,000 na THB a kowace shekara. &lt;ref name=&quot;delestage&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Andrianantenaina |first=Doda |date=8 December 2005 |title=La bière coule à pic sans publicité |url=http://www.houblon.net/spip.php?article2727 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053512/http://www.houblon.net/spip.php?article2727 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=L'Express de Madagascar |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; An zaɓi Antsirabe don masana'antar giya ta asali saboda ruwan da ke wurin yana da ƙarancin sinadarin calcium da sauran ma'adanai, wanda hakan ke ba da gudummawa ga samar da giya sosai. &lt;ref name=&quot;madalascar&quot; /&gt; Ana samun sinadaran samar da THB a ko'ina cikin tsibirin. Ana haɗa sha'ir da aka noma a Betafo da [[Fianarantsoa]] da ke kusa da ita da masara da hops daga Toliara don samar da giya. &lt;ref name=&quot;purchased&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 August 2011 |title=Madagascar : la bière THB malgache rachetée par un groupe français |url=http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2011/8/5/brevesdafrique-184143.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195159/http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2011/8/5/brevesdafrique-184143.asp |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Afriquinfos |language=French}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195159/http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2011/8/5/brevesdafrique-184143.asp &quot;Madagascar : la bière THB malgache rachetée par un groupe français&quot;] (in French). Afriquinfos. 5 August 2011. Archived from [http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2011/8/5/brevesdafrique-184143.asp the original] on 5 June 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 June&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Ana noma sama da tan 2,500 na malt da tan 3,500 na masara kowace shekara a yankin Vakinankatra da ke kewaye don samar da THB. &lt;ref name=&quot;festivities&quot; /&gt; An kafa ƙungiyar MALTO mai manoma 7,000 a kusa da shekarar 1980 a Antsirabe don noman sha'ir da kuma mayar da shi malt don samar da giyar Star Breweries. Ana amfani da malt na musamman don samar da bambance-bambancen da aka saba da su a girke-girken THB na asali, kamar THB Special. &lt;ref name=&quot;diego&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 July 2011 |title=La production de bière à l'usine Star de Diego Suarez |url=http://latribune.cyber-diego.com/economie/427-la-production-de-biere-a-lusine-star-de-diego-suarez.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608214923/http://latribune.cyber-diego.com/economie/427-la-production-de-biere-a-lusine-star-de-diego-suarez.html |archive-date=8 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=La Gazette de la Grande Ile |language=French}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://latribune.cyber-diego.com/economie/427-la-production-de-biere-a-lusine-star-de-diego-suarez.html &quot;La production de bière à l'usine Star de Diego Suarez&quot;] (in French). La Gazette de la Grande Ile. 13 July 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150608214923/http://latribune.cyber-diego.com/economie/427-la-production-de-biere-a-lusine-star-de-diego-suarez.html Archived] from the original on 8 June 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 June&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:CS1 Faransanci-language sources (fr)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shish taouk</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349479345|Shish taouk]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1939" sha1="0i86mbr9nek164v84eclfp9yz29nzfb" xml:space="preserve">'''Shish taouk''' ko '''shish tawook'''  ( Arabic   ; Turkish) wani kebab ne na kaza da aka jika a cikin ruwan teku wanda aka yi da shi daga abincin Turkiyya, Armeniya da Larabawa wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na babban abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Caucasian .  Ana yin hidima da Shish taouk a gidajen kebab da yawa. 

== Magana ==
''Shish'' (Levantine Arabic: شيش) a cikin yarukan Siriya-Larabci ko ''şiş'' a cikin [[Turkic languages|Turkiyya]] yana nufin skewer.&lt;ref name=&quot;aljazeera&quot; /&gt; Kalmar sish ta fito ne daga kalmar Turkiyya ''şiş'' . Ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Tsohon Turkiyya sış, ma'ana &quot;sandan da aka kai&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=şiş |url=http://nisanyansozluk.com/?k=%C5%9Fi%C5%9F1&amp;lnk=1 |access-date=4 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; An karbe shi a cikin yarukan Larabci na Masar, Lebanese-Larabci da Siriya-Larabcin.  (Larabci na Levantine: , mai suna [taˈvuk]) ya fito ne daga tsohuwar ''takagu'' ta Turkic kuma tana nufin kaza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=tavuk |url=http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=tavuk&amp;x=0&amp;y=0 |access-date=15 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen ==
Abincin ya kunshi cubes na kaza waɗanda aka marinated, sa'an nan skewered kuma gasa. Marinades na yau da kullun sun dogara ne akan yogurt da ruwan lemun tsami ko tumatir puree, kodayake akwai wasu bambance-bambance.

== Hanyoyin hidima ==
Ana cin abincin ko dai a matsayin sandwich ko a kan faranti tare da kayan lambu, wani lokacin tare da [[shinkafa]] ko fries na Faransa. Ana ba da nau'in abinci na Turkiyya tare da shinkafa, yogurt, salatin cucumber da kayan lambu masu gasa. Sau da yawa ana ba da sigar Siriya da Lebanon tare da toum (sauce na tafarnuwa), [[hummus]] da Tabouleh . Sandwich version ya zo gabaɗaya a cikin gurasa mai laushi ko a matsayin Dürüm, kuma sau da yawa yana tare da lettuce, tumatir, da turnips.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin kaza
* Jerin kebabs
* [[Falafel]]
* Kafta

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <text bytes="1952" sha1="92wjygj38p9xvoovf5soeawl6q3muh4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Shish taouk''' ko '''shish tawook'''  ( Arabic   ; Turkish) wani kebab ne na kaza da aka jika a cikin ruwan teku wanda aka yi da shi daga abincin Turkiyya, Armeniya da Larabawa wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na babban abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Caucasian .  Ana yin hidima da Shish taouk a gidajen kebab da yawa. 

== Magana ==
''Shish'' (Levantine Arabic: شيش) a cikin yarukan Siriya-Larabci ko ''şiş'' a cikin [[Turkic languages|Turkiyya]] yana nufin skewer.&lt;ref name=&quot;aljazeera&quot; /&gt; Kalmar sish ta fito ne daga kalmar Turkiyya ''şiş'' . Ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Tsohon Turkiyya sış, ma'ana &quot;sandan da aka kai&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=şiş |url=http://nisanyansozluk.com/?k=%C5%9Fi%C5%9F1&amp;lnk=1 |access-date=4 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; An karbe shi a cikin yarukan Larabci na Masar, Lebanese-Larabci da Siriya-Larabcin.  (Larabci na Levantine: , mai suna [taˈvuk]) ya fito ne daga tsohuwar ''takagu'' ta Turkic kuma tana nufin kaza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=tavuk |url=http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=tavuk&amp;x=0&amp;y=0 |access-date=15 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen ==
Abincin ya kunshi cubes na kaza waɗanda aka marinated, sa'an nan skewered kuma gasa. Marinades na yau da kullun sun dogara ne akan yogurt da ruwan lemun tsami ko tumatir puree, kodayake akwai wasu bambance-bambance.

== Hanyoyin hidima ==
Ana cin abincin ko dai a matsayin sandwich ko a kan faranti tare da kayan lambu, wani lokacin tare da [[shinkafa]] ko fries na Faransa. Ana ba da nau'in abinci na Turkiyya tare da shinkafa, yogurt, salatin cucumber da kayan lambu masu gasa. Sau da yawa ana ba da sigar Siriya da Lebanon tare da toum (sauce na tafarnuwa), [[hummus]] da Tabouleh . Sandwich version ya zo gabaɗaya a cikin gurasa mai laushi ko a matsayin Dürüm, kuma sau da yawa yana tare da lettuce, tumatir, da turnips.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin kaza
* Jerin kebabs
* [[Falafel]]
* Kafta

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>92wjygj38p9xvoovf5soeawl6q3muh4</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Shish kebab</title>
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        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350894650|Shish kebab]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Shish kebab''' ko '''shish kebap''' sanannen abinci ne na [[nama]] [[Mangal (barbecue)|da aka gasa]] da kuma gasa.

Yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan [[kebab]] da yawa, nau'ikan abincin nama da suka samo asali a Gabas ta Tsakiya. A cikin Turanci na Arewacin Amurka, kalmar ''kebab'' kadai sau da yawa tana nufin shish ''kebab'', kodayake a waje da Arewacin Amurka، kebab na iya nufin kebab mai ba da gudummawa.

A al'adance an yi shi da Ɗan rago  amma akwai kuma nau'ikan da ke da nau'ikan nama, kaji, ko kifi.  A Turkiyya, shish kebab da kayan lambu da aka yi amfani da su ana gasa su daban, yawanci ba a kan wannan skewer ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Real Turkish Shish Kebab Recipe |url=https://barbecuebible.com/recipe/real-turkish-shish-kebab/ |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=Barbecuebible.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Magana ==
''Shish kebab'' fassarar Turanci ce ta Turkish   (takobi ko skewer) da ''kebap'' (abincin nama da aka gasa), wanda ya samo asali tun daga farkon ƙarni na 20.   A cewar ''Oxford English Dictionary'', farkon littafinsa da aka sani a Turanci yana cikin littafin ''Our Mr. Wrenn'' na 1914 na Sinclair Lewis . &lt;ref name=&quot;OED&quot; /&gt; 

Kalmar ''kebab'' kadai ta riga ta kasance a cikin Turanci a ƙarshen karni na 17, daga Larabci: كَبَاب (''kabāb''), wani ɓangare ta hanyar Urdu, Farisa da Turkiyya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=kebab - definition of kebab in English |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/kebab |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803050611/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/kebab |archive-date=August 3, 2017 |access-date=August 3, 2017 |website=Oxford Dictionaries |publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masanin ilimin lissafi Sevan Nişanyan ya bayyana cewa kalmar tana da ma'anar &quot;frying / burning&quot; tare da ''kabābu'' a cikin tsohuwar Harshen Akkadian, da ''Kbabā'' (jikin curdi) a cikin Arabic. Misali mafi tsufa da aka sani na {{Lang|tk|şiş}}, mai yiwuwa asalin yana nufin sanda mai kaifi, ya fito ne daga ''Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk'' na ƙarni na 11, wanda aka danganta ga Mahmud na Kashgar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nişanyan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nişanyan Sözlük - şiş |trans-title=Nişanyan Dictionary - shish |url=http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=şiş |access-date=2018-07-16 |website=Nişanyan Sözlük |language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <id>829147</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:24:05Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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      <text bytes="2371" sha1="39qh3mse95jgbw7dk3vkdyc7iqqb6dw" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Shish kebab''' ko '''shish kebap''' sanannen abinci ne na [[nama]] [[Mangal (barbecue)|da aka gasa]] da kuma gasa.

Yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan [[kebab]] da yawa, nau'ikan abincin nama da suka samo asali a Gabas ta Tsakiya. A cikin Turanci na Arewacin Amurka, kalmar ''kebab'' kadai sau da yawa tana nufin shish ''kebab'', kodayake a waje da Arewacin Amurka، kebab na iya nufin kebab mai ba da gudummawa.

A al'adance an yi shi da Ɗan rago  amma akwai kuma nau'ikan da ke da nau'ikan nama, kaji, ko kifi.  A Turkiyya, shish kebab da kayan lambu da aka yi amfani da su ana gasa su daban, yawanci ba a kan wannan skewer ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Real Turkish Shish Kebab Recipe |url=https://barbecuebible.com/recipe/real-turkish-shish-kebab/ |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=Barbecuebible.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Magana ==
''Shish kebab'' fassarar Turanci ce ta Turkish   (takobi ko skewer) da ''kebap'' (abincin nama da aka gasa), wanda ya samo asali tun daga farkon ƙarni na 20.   A cewar ''Oxford English Dictionary'', farkon littafinsa da aka sani a Turanci yana cikin littafin ''Our Mr. Wrenn'' na 1914 na Sinclair Lewis . &lt;ref name=&quot;OED&quot; /&gt; 

Kalmar ''kebab'' kadai ta riga ta kasance a cikin Turanci a ƙarshen karni na 17, daga Larabci: كَبَاب (''kabāb''), wani ɓangare ta hanyar Urdu, Farisa da Turkiyya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=kebab - definition of kebab in English |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/kebab |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803050611/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/kebab |archive-date=August 3, 2017 |access-date=August 3, 2017 |website=Oxford Dictionaries |publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masanin ilimin lissafi Sevan Nişanyan ya bayyana cewa kalmar tana da ma'anar &quot;frying / burning&quot; tare da ''kabābu'' a cikin tsohuwar Harshen Akkadian, da ''Kbabā'' (jikin curdi) a cikin Arabic. Misali mafi tsufa da aka sani na {{Lang|tk|şiş}}, mai yiwuwa asalin yana nufin sanda mai kaifi, ya fito ne daga ''Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk'' na ƙarni na 11, wanda aka danganta ga Mahmud na Kashgar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nişanyan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nişanyan Sözlük - şiş |trans-title=Nişanyan Dictionary - shish |url=http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=şiş |access-date=2018-07-16 |website=Nişanyan Sözlük |language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Thobwa</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1303127088|Thobwa]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4335" sha1="pt3y4trgcxj5oz8j79m67z7r7eaf2q2" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Cup_of_thobwa,_Malawi.JPG|thumb|Kofin thobwa a ƙauyen Champiti, Malawi]]
[[Fayil:Making_thobwa,_Malawi.JPG|thumb|Wani mutum yana yin thobwa a ƙauyen Champiti, Malawi]]
[[Fayil:Drinking_thobwa,_Malawi.JPG|thumb|Wani mutum yana shan thobwa a matsayin baƙo a Malawi]]
'''Thobwa''' wani abin sha ne da aka yi da fermented na Malawi da Zambia  wanda yake da kamannin madara, ɗanɗanon hatsi da kuma ɗanɗanon hatsi. &lt;ref name=&quot;porkandgin.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=porkandgin.com |url=http://porkandgin.com/drinks/how-to-make-thobwa/}} &lt;/ref&gt; An yi shi ne da [[Masara|farin masara]] da [[gero]] ko [[Sorghum|dawa]]  kuma yana da shahara a duk sassan ƙasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;canteriointernational.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Thobwa&quot; Malawi local soft drink |url=http://canteriointernational.org/blog4/2010/06/15/togba-malawi-local-soft-drink |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903062529/http://canteriointernational.org/blog4/2010/06/15/togba-malawi-local-soft-drink |archive-date=2014-09-03}} &lt;/ref&gt; Sunan thobwa yana nufin &quot;giya mai daɗi&quot;,   kuma kodayake ba giya ba ce, ana iya barin ta na tsawon kwana biyar kuma za ta koma ''mowa'' ko giya. &lt;ref name=&quot;TMG&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thobwa |url=http://www.travelmalawiguide.com/Thobwa.html |access-date=2018-11-09 |website=www.travelmalawiguide.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|&lt;span title=&quot;The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (May 2024)&quot;&gt;tabbacin da ya gaza&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Shiri ==
Ana yin Thobwa ta hanyar tafasa ruwan da m'gaiwa (farin masara gaba ɗaya) har sai ya yi phala (porridge). [1] Sannan a ƙara ruwa a tafasa na kimanin minti 15. [2] Bayan haka, ana barin cakuda ya huce har sai ya yi zafi, kuma a wannan lokacin, ana ƙara ɗan maŵele (garin gero). [3] Yanzu ana barin wannan cakuda a cikin mbiya (babban tukunya) a wuri mai sanyi na kwana biyu kafin a yi hidima a matsayin thobwa. [3]

== Shan giya da ɗa'a ==
Domin ana yin thobwa ta amfani da garin masara, yana da ɗanɗanon hatsi kuma yana da daɗi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gibson |first=Rosalind S. |last2=Yeudall |first2=Fiona |last3=Drost |first3=Nancy |last4=Mtitimuni |first4=Beatrice M. |last5=Cullinan |first5=Timothy R. |date=2003-11-01 |title=Experiences of a Community-Based Dietary Intervention to Enhance Micronutrient Adequacy of Diets Low in Animal Source Foods and High in Phytate: A Case Study in Rural Malawian Children |url=http://jn.nutrition.org/content/133/11/3992S.long |journal=The Journal of Nutrition |language=en |volume=133 |issue=11 |pages=3992S–3999S |doi=10.1093/jn/133.11.3992S |issn=0022-3166 |pmid=14672301 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mutane da yawa a Malawi suna amfani da wannan abin sha a matsayin makamashi na yau kuma ana sayar da shi ko'ina daga kwalaben filastik da aka sake yin amfani da su a garuruwa/birane, da kuma daga tukwane na yumbu a ƙauyuka. &lt;ref name=&quot;canteriointernational.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Thobwa&quot; Malawi local soft drink |url=http://canteriointernational.org/blog4/2010/06/15/togba-malawi-local-soft-drink |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903062529/http://canteriointernational.org/blog4/2010/06/15/togba-malawi-local-soft-drink |archive-date=2014-09-03}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140903062529/http://canteriointernational.org/blog4/2010/06/15/togba-malawi-local-soft-drink &quot;&quot;Thobwa&quot; Malawi local soft drink&quot;]. Archived from [http://canteriointernational.org/blog4/2010/06/15/togba-malawi-local-soft-drink the original] on 2014-09-03.&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya samun Thobwa duk shekara, amma galibi ana yin sa ne a cikin watanni masu zafi (Satumba-Nuwamba), kuma ana yin sa ne musamman don maraba da baƙi da suka ziyarci wani wuri. Ana shan thobwa mai yawa a bukukuwan aure a matsayin abin sha na biki. &lt;ref name=&quot;TMG&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thobwa |url=http://www.travelmalawiguide.com/Thobwa.html |access-date=2018-11-09 |website=www.travelmalawiguide.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.travelmalawiguide.com/Thobwa.html &quot;Thobwa&quot;]. ''www.travelmalawiguide.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2018-11-09&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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[[Fayil:Cup_of_thobwa,_Malawi.JPG|thumb|Kofin thobwa a ƙauyen Champiti, Malawi]]
[[Fayil:Making_thobwa,_Malawi.JPG|thumb|Wani mutum yana yin thobwa a ƙauyen Champiti, Malawi]]
[[Fayil:Drinking_thobwa,_Malawi.JPG|thumb|Wani mutum yana shan thobwa a matsayin baƙo a Malawi]]
'''Thobwa''' wani abin sha ne da aka yi da fermented na Malawi da Zambia  wanda yake da kamannin madara, ɗanɗanon hatsi da kuma ɗanɗanon hatsi. &lt;ref name=&quot;porkandgin.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=porkandgin.com |url=http://porkandgin.com/drinks/how-to-make-thobwa/}} &lt;/ref&gt; An yi shi ne da [[Masara|farin masara]] da [[gero]] ko [[Sorghum|dawa]]  kuma yana da shahara a duk sassan ƙasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;canteriointernational.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Thobwa&quot; Malawi local soft drink |url=http://canteriointernational.org/blog4/2010/06/15/togba-malawi-local-soft-drink |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903062529/http://canteriointernational.org/blog4/2010/06/15/togba-malawi-local-soft-drink |archive-date=2014-09-03}} &lt;/ref&gt; Sunan thobwa yana nufin &quot;giya mai daɗi&quot;,   kuma kodayake ba giya ba ce, ana iya barin ta na tsawon kwana biyar kuma za ta koma ''mowa'' ko giya. &lt;ref name=&quot;TMG&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thobwa |url=http://www.travelmalawiguide.com/Thobwa.html |access-date=2018-11-09 |website=www.travelmalawiguide.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|&lt;span title=&quot;The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (May 2024)&quot;&gt;tabbacin da ya gaza&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Shiri ==
Ana yin Thobwa ta hanyar tafasa ruwan da m'gaiwa (farin masara gaba ɗaya) har sai ya yi phala (porridge). [1] Sannan a ƙara ruwa a tafasa na kimanin minti 15. [2] Bayan haka, ana barin cakuda ya huce har sai ya yi zafi, kuma a wannan lokacin, ana ƙara ɗan maŵele (garin gero). [3] Yanzu ana barin wannan cakuda a cikin mbiya (babban tukunya) a wuri mai sanyi na kwana biyu kafin a yi hidima a matsayin thobwa. [3]

== Shan giya da ɗa'a ==
Domin ana yin thobwa ta amfani da garin masara, yana da ɗanɗanon hatsi kuma yana da daɗi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gibson |first=Rosalind S. |last2=Yeudall |first2=Fiona |last3=Drost |first3=Nancy |last4=Mtitimuni |first4=Beatrice M. |last5=Cullinan |first5=Timothy R. |date=2003-11-01 |title=Experiences of a Community-Based Dietary Intervention to Enhance Micronutrient Adequacy of Diets Low in Animal Source Foods and High in Phytate: A Case Study in Rural Malawian Children |url=http://jn.nutrition.org/content/133/11/3992S.long |journal=The Journal of Nutrition |language=en |volume=133 |issue=11 |pages=3992S–3999S |doi=10.1093/jn/133.11.3992S |issn=0022-3166 |pmid=14672301 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mutane da yawa a Malawi suna amfani da wannan abin sha a matsayin makamashi na yau kuma ana sayar da shi ko'ina daga kwalaben filastik da aka sake yin amfani da su a garuruwa/birane, da kuma daga tukwane na yumbu a ƙauyuka. &lt;ref name=&quot;canteriointernational.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Thobwa&quot; Malawi local soft drink |url=http://canteriointernational.org/blog4/2010/06/15/togba-malawi-local-soft-drink |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903062529/http://canteriointernational.org/blog4/2010/06/15/togba-malawi-local-soft-drink |archive-date=2014-09-03}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140903062529/http://canteriointernational.org/blog4/2010/06/15/togba-malawi-local-soft-drink &quot;&quot;Thobwa&quot; Malawi local soft drink&quot;]. Archived from [http://canteriointernational.org/blog4/2010/06/15/togba-malawi-local-soft-drink the original] on 2014-09-03.&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya samun Thobwa duk shekara, amma galibi ana yin sa ne a cikin watanni masu zafi (Satumba-Nuwamba), kuma ana yin sa ne musamman don maraba da baƙi da suka ziyarci wani wuri. Ana shan thobwa mai yawa a bukukuwan aure a matsayin abin sha na biki. &lt;ref name=&quot;TMG&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thobwa |url=http://www.travelmalawiguide.com/Thobwa.html |access-date=2018-11-09 |website=www.travelmalawiguide.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.travelmalawiguide.com/Thobwa.html &quot;Thobwa&quot;]. ''www.travelmalawiguide.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2018-11-09&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sobia</title>
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        <id>28235</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302432300|Sobia]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3681" sha1="0gn7hxgslirtgktmyjvrz6bllfb7b88" xml:space="preserve">'''Sobiya''' ko '''Subia''' ( Arabic     ) wani abin sha ne mai sanyi da aka saba sha a [[Misra|Masar]] da [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]], inda kowace ƙasa ke da nata nau'in. A Masar ana yin sa ne daga cakuda [[Attagara|kwakwa]], [[shinkafa]], da [[madara]], kuma yawanci ana yin sa da kankara. &lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mansour |first=Nermine |date=2024-05-29 |title=Sobia (Egyptian Coconut-Rice Cold Drink): سوبيا |url=https://cheznermine.com/2024/05/30/sobia-egyptian-coconut-rice-cold-drink-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7/? |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=cheznermine.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Asalin sobia wani abin sha ne mai barasa da aka yi a Masar daga ruwan shinkafa mai tsami, ba tare da haɗa kwakwa ba, kuma wataƙila ya samo asali sama da shekaru 1,000. &lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot; /&gt; Sigar Masar ta zamani, duk da haka, abin sha ne wanda ba na giya ba, wanda ba na yolk ba ne wanda ya haɗa da sinadarai kamar kwakwa, madara, da wani lokacin vanilla, waɗanda ba sa cikin girke-girke na asali. &lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot; /&gt; Sobia yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan sha mafi shahara a [[Misra|Masar]], galibi ana shan su a lokacin watan Ramadan mai tsarki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Sobia |url=https://www.mccormick.com/recipes/beverages-cocktails/egyptian-sobia |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=McCormick |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masu haji na Masar sun kawo abin sha zuwa yankin [[Hijaz]] na [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] ƙarni da yawa da suka gabata.&lt;ref&gt;''There is little material on the history of Sobya in the Hijaz. It is assumed the drink came to this part of the Arab world in the last century.'' {{Cite web |last=Alamdan |first=Shahd |date=2015-06-19 |title=History of Sobya |url=https://www.saudigazette.com.sa/article/126973 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Saudi Gazette |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saudi version abin sha ne mai yisti wanda aka shirya daga cakuda gari na alkama, malt, sukari, da kayan yaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;196flavors&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Liagre |first=Laurie |date=2020-03-06 |title=Sobia |url=https://www.196flavors.com/egypt-sobia/?srsltid=AfmBOoqpi9Ot3OdPQhchroTYigp9rihuTJ1meeGl627411lYpuySvWqr |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=196 flavors |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== A Misira ==
A Misira, ana shirya sobia ta hanyar hada ƙasa ko shinkafa da aka dafa tare da madarar kwakwa, sukari, da vanilla, sannan a matsa cakuda kafin a ba da shi da sanyi sosai. Abin sha yawanci yana da launin fari, kodayake wasu bambance-bambance sun haɗa da launuka na abinci don samar da launuka masu haske. Duk da yake ana cinye sobia a ko'ina cikin shekara, ana shirya shi ne a lokacin Ramadan kuma ana ba da shi azaman abin sha mai sauri. Ana yawan yin sa a gida ta amfani da foda da aka riga aka gauraya ko sayar da shi ta hanyar masu sayar da titi a cikin kwalabe ko jaka na filastik.

Ana raba girke-girke na gargajiya tsakanin iyalai, wanda ke haifar da ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin shiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;196flavors&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Liagre |first=Laurie |date=2020-03-06 |title=Sobia |url=https://www.196flavors.com/egypt-sobia/?srsltid=AfmBOoqpi9Ot3OdPQhchroTYigp9rihuTJ1meeGl627411lYpuySvWqr |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=196 flavors |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta haɗa da tsoma shinkafa mai gajeren hatsi na kimanin sa'o'i biyu, sannan tafasa shinkafa a cikin ruwa a kan ƙananan zafi har sai ruwa ya cika, wanda ya wuce shinkafa kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙwayoyin creamier.&lt;ref name=&quot;196flavors&quot; /&gt; Bayan shinkafa ta yi sanyi, ana ƙara madara mai sanyi, kwakwa, sukari, da vanilla. Ana haɗa cakuda har sai an santsi sannan a matsa shi don cimma daidaito da ake so.&lt;ref name=&quot;196flavors&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Sobiya''' ko '''Subia''' ( Arabic     ) wani abin sha ne mai sanyi da aka saba sha a [[Misra|Masar]] da [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]], inda kowace ƙasa ke da nata nau'in. A Masar ana yin sa ne daga cakuda [[Attagara|kwakwa]], [[shinkafa]], da [[madara]], kuma yawanci ana yin sa da kankara. &lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mansour |first=Nermine |date=2024-05-29 |title=Sobia (Egyptian Coconut-Rice Cold Drink): سوبيا |url=https://cheznermine.com/2024/05/30/sobia-egyptian-coconut-rice-cold-drink-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7/? |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=cheznermine.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Asalin sobia wani abin sha ne mai barasa da aka yi a Masar daga ruwan shinkafa mai tsami, ba tare da haɗa kwakwa ba, kuma wataƙila ya samo asali sama da shekaru 1,000. &lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot; /&gt; Sigar Masar ta zamani, duk da haka, abin sha ne wanda ba na giya ba, wanda ba na yolk ba ne wanda ya haɗa da sinadarai kamar kwakwa, madara, da wani lokacin vanilla, waɗanda ba sa cikin girke-girke na asali. &lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot; /&gt; Sobia yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan sha mafi shahara a [[Misra|Masar]], galibi ana shan su a lokacin watan Ramadan mai tsarki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Sobia |url=https://www.mccormick.com/recipes/beverages-cocktails/egyptian-sobia |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=McCormick |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masu haji na Masar sun kawo abin sha zuwa yankin [[Hijaz]] na [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] ƙarni da yawa da suka gabata.&lt;ref&gt;''There is little material on the history of Sobya in the Hijaz. It is assumed the drink came to this part of the Arab world in the last century.'' {{Cite web |last=Alamdan |first=Shahd |date=2015-06-19 |title=History of Sobya |url=https://www.saudigazette.com.sa/article/126973 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Saudi Gazette |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saudi version abin sha ne mai yisti wanda aka shirya daga cakuda gari na alkama, malt, sukari, da kayan yaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;196flavors&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Liagre |first=Laurie |date=2020-03-06 |title=Sobia |url=https://www.196flavors.com/egypt-sobia/?srsltid=AfmBOoqpi9Ot3OdPQhchroTYigp9rihuTJ1meeGl627411lYpuySvWqr |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=196 flavors |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== A Misira ==
A Misira, ana shirya sobia ta hanyar hada ƙasa ko shinkafa da aka dafa tare da madarar kwakwa, sukari, da vanilla, sannan a matsa cakuda kafin a ba da shi da sanyi sosai. Abin sha yawanci yana da launin fari, kodayake wasu bambance-bambance sun haɗa da launuka na abinci don samar da launuka masu haske. Duk da yake ana cinye sobia a ko'ina cikin shekara, ana shirya shi ne a lokacin Ramadan kuma ana ba da shi azaman abin sha mai sauri. Ana yawan yin sa a gida ta amfani da foda da aka riga aka gauraya ko sayar da shi ta hanyar masu sayar da titi a cikin kwalabe ko jaka na filastik.

Ana raba girke-girke na gargajiya tsakanin iyalai, wanda ke haifar da ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin shiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;196flavors&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Liagre |first=Laurie |date=2020-03-06 |title=Sobia |url=https://www.196flavors.com/egypt-sobia/?srsltid=AfmBOoqpi9Ot3OdPQhchroTYigp9rihuTJ1meeGl627411lYpuySvWqr |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=196 flavors |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta haɗa da tsoma shinkafa mai gajeren hatsi na kimanin sa'o'i biyu, sannan tafasa shinkafa a cikin ruwa a kan ƙananan zafi har sai ruwa ya cika, wanda ya wuce shinkafa kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙwayoyin creamier.&lt;ref name=&quot;196flavors&quot; /&gt; Bayan shinkafa ta yi sanyi, ana ƙara madara mai sanyi, kwakwa, sukari, da vanilla. Ana haɗa cakuda har sai an santsi sannan a matsa shi don cimma daidaito da ake so.&lt;ref name=&quot;196flavors&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301707906|Mageu]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Mageu''' (harafin [[Harshen Tswana|Setswana]] ), Mahewu (harafin [[Yaren Shona|Shona]] / [[Mutanen Chewa|Chewa]] / [[Yaren Chewa|Nyanja]] ), Mahleu (harafin Sesotho ), Magau (xau-Namibia) (harafin [[Harshen Khekhoe|Khoikhoi]] ), Madleke (harafin [[Harshen Tsonga|Tsonga]] ), Mabundu (harafin [[Harshen Venda|Tshivenda]] ), maHewu, amaRhewu (harafin [[Harshen Xhosa|Xhosa]] ) ko amaHewu (harafin [[Harshen Zulu|Zulu]] da [[Harshen Arewacin Ndebele|Arewacin Ndebele]] ) wani abin sha ne na gargajiya [[Kudancin Afirka|na Kudancin Afirka]] wanda ba shi da giya a tsakanin yawancin mutanen Chewa/Nyanja, Shona, Ndebele, [[Mutanen Nama|Nama]] Khoikhoi da Dama, mutanen Sotho, mutanen Tswana da mutanen Nguni da aka yi da burodi [[Masara|mai]] fermented . Ana yin abincin gida sosai, amma ana samun abin sha a manyan kantuna da yawa, ana samar da shi a masana'antu. Dandanon sa galibi yana fitowa ne daga lactic acid da ake samarwa yayin fermentation, amma mageu na kasuwanci galibi ana ɗanɗana shi da kuma ƙara masa zaki, kamar yadda ake samun yogurt a kasuwa. Ana kuma yin irin waɗannan abubuwan sha a wasu sassan Afirka.

== Tsarin fermentation ==
Ana shirya garin masara mai laushi (abincin masara), wanda aka ƙara garin alkama a ciki, wanda ke samar da allurar ƙwayoyin cuta masu samar da lactate. Ana barin cakuda ya yi tsami, yawanci a wuri mai ɗumi. Ana yin pasteurisation a ayyukan kasuwanci don tsawaita lokacin da za a ajiye shi .

== Abinci Mai Gina Jiki ==
A fannin abinci mai gina jiki, yana kama da abincin da aka saba ci, amma tare da glucose da aka haɗa shi da lactate yayin fermentation. Sau da yawa ana wadatar da shirye-shiryen kasuwanci (A Afirka ta Kudu, kalmar 'ƙarfafawa' ana ba da izini ne kawai bisa doka don takamaiman shirye-shiryen abinci mai gina jiki da gwamnati ta amince da su, misali na burodi) tare da bitamin da ma'adanai . Duk da cewa galibi ana ɗaukarsa ba giya ba ce, an ruwaito ƙananan adadi (ƙasa da 1%) na ethanol . [1]

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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301707906|Mageu]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Mageu''' (harafin [[Harshen Tswana|Setswana]] ), Mahewu (harafin [[Yaren Shona|Shona]] / [[Mutanen Chewa|Chewa]] / [[Yaren Chewa|Nyanja]] ), Mahleu (harafin Sesotho ), Magau (xau-Namibia) (harafin [[Harshen Khekhoe|Khoikhoi]] ), Madleke (harafin [[Harshen Tsonga|Tsonga]] ), Mabundu (harafin [[Harshen Venda|Tshivenda]] ), maHewu, amaRhewu (harafin [[Harshen Xhosa|Xhosa]] ) ko amaHewu (harafin [[Harshen Zulu|Zulu]] da [[Harshen Arewacin Ndebele|Arewacin Ndebele]] ) wani abin sha ne na gargajiya [[Kudancin Afirka|na Kudancin Afirka]] wanda ba shi da giya a tsakanin yawancin mutanen Chewa/Nyanja, Shona, Ndebele, [[Mutanen Nama|Nama]] Khoikhoi da Dama, mutanen Sotho, mutanen Tswana da mutanen Nguni da aka yi da burodi [[Masara|mai]] fermented . Ana yin abincin gida sosai, amma ana samun abin sha a manyan kantuna da yawa, ana samar da shi a masana'antu. Dandanon sa galibi yana fitowa ne daga lactic acid da ake samarwa yayin fermentation, amma mageu na kasuwanci galibi ana ɗanɗana shi da kuma ƙara masa zaki, kamar yadda ake samun yogurt a kasuwa. Ana kuma yin irin waɗannan abubuwan sha a wasu sassan Afirka.

== Tsarin fermentation ==
Ana shirya garin masara mai laushi (abincin masara), wanda aka ƙara garin alkama a ciki, wanda ke samar da allurar ƙwayoyin cuta masu samar da lactate. Ana barin cakuda ya yi tsami, yawanci a wuri mai ɗumi. Ana yin pasteurisation a ayyukan kasuwanci don tsawaita lokacin da za a ajiye shi.&lt;ref&gt;Steinkraus, K. (2004). Industrialization of Indigenous Fermented Foods, Revised and Expanded. Food Science and Technology. Taylor &amp; Francis. p. 398. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-8247-5094-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Retrieved 2 June 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abinci Mai Gina Jiki ==
A fannin abinci mai gina jiki, yana kama da abincin da aka saba ci, amma tare da glucose da aka haɗa shi da lactate yayin fermentation. Sau da yawa ana wadatar da shirye-shiryen kasuwanci (A Afirka ta Kudu, kalmar 'ƙarfafawa' ana ba da izini ne kawai bisa doka don takamaiman shirye-shiryen abinci mai gina jiki da gwamnati ta amince da su, misali na burodi) tare da bitamin da ma'adanai . Duk da cewa galibi ana ɗaukarsa ba giya ba ce, an ruwaito ƙananan adadi (ƙasa da 1%) na ethanol . [1]

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'''Mageu''' (harafin [[Harshen Tswana|Setswana]] ), Mahewu (harafin [[Yaren Shona|Shona]] / [[Mutanen Chewa|Chewa]] / [[Yaren Chewa|Nyanja]] ), Mahleu (harafin Sesotho ), Magau (xau-Namibia) (harafin [[Harshen Khekhoe|Khoikhoi]] ), Madleke (harafin [[Harshen Tsonga|Tsonga]] ), Mabundu (harafin [[Harshen Venda|Tshivenda]] ), maHewu, amaRhewu (harafin [[Harshen Xhosa|Xhosa]] ) ko amaHewu (harafin [[Harshen Zulu|Zulu]] da [[Harshen Arewacin Ndebele|Arewacin Ndebele]] ) wani abin sha ne na gargajiya [[Kudancin Afirka|na Kudancin Afirka]] wanda ba shi da giya a tsakanin yawancin mutanen Chewa/Nyanja, Shona, Ndebele, [[Mutanen Nama|Nama]] Khoikhoi da Dama, mutanen Sotho, mutanen Tswana da mutanen Nguni da aka yi da burodi [[Masara|mai]] fermented . Ana yin abincin gida sosai, amma ana samun abin sha a manyan kantuna da yawa, ana samar da shi a masana'antu. Dandanon sa galibi yana fitowa ne daga lactic acid da ake samarwa yayin fermentation, amma mageu na kasuwanci galibi ana ɗanɗana shi da kuma ƙara masa zaki, kamar yadda ake samun yogurt a kasuwa. Ana kuma yin irin waɗannan abubuwan sha a wasu sassan Afirka.

== Tsarin fermentation ==
Ana shirya garin masara mai laushi (abincin masara), wanda aka ƙara garin alkama a ciki, wanda ke samar da allurar ƙwayoyin cuta masu samar da lactate. Ana barin cakuda ya yi tsami, yawanci a wuri mai ɗumi. Ana yin pasteurisation a ayyukan kasuwanci don tsawaita lokacin da za a ajiye shi.&lt;ref&gt;Steinkraus, K. (2004). Industrialization of Indigenous Fermented Foods, Revised and Expanded. Food Science and Technology. Taylor &amp; Francis. p. 398. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-8247-5094-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Retrieved 2 June 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abinci Mai Gina Jiki ==
A fannin abinci mai gina jiki, yana kama da abincin da aka saba ci, amma tare da glucose da aka haɗa shi da lactate yayin fermentation. Sau da yawa ana wadatar da shirye-shiryen kasuwanci (A Afirka ta Kudu, kalmar 'ƙarfafawa' ana ba da izini ne kawai bisa doka don takamaiman shirye-shiryen abinci mai gina jiki da gwamnati ta amince da su, misali na burodi) tare da bitamin da ma'adanai . Duk da cewa galibi ana ɗaukarsa ba giya ba ce, an ruwaito ƙananan adadi (ƙasa da 1%) na ethanol . [1]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shuka mai laushi</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345913726|Stuffed eggplant]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Tushen eggplant''' ( Arabic  , Persian   ; Armenian   ; Turkish   ;  Azerbaijani   ; Italian   ; Spanish   ) abinci ne da aka saba gani a ƙasashe da yawa.

== Bambance-bambance ==

=== A Misira ===
A [[Misra|Misira]], an san [[dolma]] na kwai da ''mahshi bedengan'' (kuma ana kiranta ''betengan'', Larabci na Masar: ). Ana fitar da ƙananan ƙwai kuma an cika su da cakuda shinkafa da ganye. Abin da aka cika yawanci ya haɗa da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa mai gajeren hatsi]] tare da yankan parsley, dill, Coriander, albasa, da tumatir, duk an dafa su da kayan yaji kamar cumin, gishiri, da baƙar fata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Mahshi Recipe |url=https://travelfoodatlas.com/egyptian-mahshi-recipe |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Travel Food Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan cikawa, ana shirya ƙwai a tsaye a cikin tukunya, an rufe su da sauce na tumatir, kuma an dafa su har sai sun yi taushi. Wannan hanyar tana ba da damar dandano su haɗu tare, wanda ke haifar da abinci mai ɗanɗano da ƙanshi. Mahshi bedengan sau da yawa ana ba da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban abinci, tare da wasu kayan lambu kamar zucchini da bell peppers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mahshi Btengan (Stuffed Eggplant) |url=https://www.ofrecipes.com/mahshi-betengan-stuffed-eggplant |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=OfRecipes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 September 2019 |title=Mahshi- Egyptian stuffed veggies |url=https://amwhatieat.com/mahshi/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Am What I Eat}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== A Italiya ===
[[Fayil:Brisciuoli_e_malangiani_chjini_2018.jpg|thumb|''Melanzane ripiene'' daga [[Calabria]]]]
A Italiya, ana dafa kwai a cikin tanda, kuma ana iya cika shi da cuku na mozzarella (a Roma), ko kuma nama (a Sicily). 

=== A Turkiyya ===
Ana cika shuke-shuke da nama (lamb) da shinkafa ko wasu kayan lambu. Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su sun hada da kwai, nama, shinkafa, albasa, tumatir paste, tumatir, parsley, mint, gishiri, baƙar fata da man flower. Abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su sun haɗa da Sumac, ruwan lemun tsami, allspice, cinnamon, pine nuts, almonds, walnuts, mint, da man zaitun wanda za'a iya ƙarawa don dandano mafi kyau. A Turkiyya, sanannun jita-jita guda biyu sune ''karnıyarık'' da ''[[İmam bayıldı]]''.

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'''Tushen eggplant''' ( Arabic  , Persian   ; Armenian   ; Turkish   ;  Azerbaijani   ; Italian   ; Spanish   ) abinci ne da aka saba gani a ƙasashe da yawa.

== Bambance-bambance ==

=== A Misira ===
A [[Misra|Misira]], an san [[dolma]] na kwai da ''mahshi bedengan'' (kuma ana kiranta ''betengan'', Larabci na Masar: ). Ana fitar da ƙananan ƙwai kuma an cika su da cakuda shinkafa da ganye. Abin da aka cika yawanci ya haɗa da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa mai gajeren hatsi]] tare da yankan parsley, dill, Coriander, albasa, da tumatir, duk an dafa su da kayan yaji kamar cumin, gishiri, da baƙar fata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Mahshi Recipe |url=https://travelfoodatlas.com/egyptian-mahshi-recipe |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Travel Food Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan cikawa, ana shirya ƙwai a tsaye a cikin tukunya, an rufe su da sauce na tumatir, kuma an dafa su har sai sun yi taushi. Wannan hanyar tana ba da damar dandano su haɗu tare, wanda ke haifar da abinci mai ɗanɗano da ƙanshi. Mahshi bedengan sau da yawa ana ba da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban abinci, tare da wasu kayan lambu kamar zucchini da bell peppers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mahshi Btengan (Stuffed Eggplant) |url=https://www.ofrecipes.com/mahshi-betengan-stuffed-eggplant |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=OfRecipes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 September 2019 |title=Mahshi- Egyptian stuffed veggies |url=https://amwhatieat.com/mahshi/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Am What I Eat}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== A Italiya ===
[[Fayil:Brisciuoli_e_malangiani_chjini_2018.jpg|thumb|''Melanzane ripiene'' daga [[Calabria]]]]
A Italiya, ana dafa kwai a cikin tanda, kuma ana iya cika shi da cuku na mozzarella (a Roma), ko kuma nama (a Sicily). 

=== A Turkiyya ===
Ana cika shuke-shuke da nama (lamb) da shinkafa ko wasu kayan lambu. Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su sun hada da kwai, nama, shinkafa, albasa, tumatir paste, tumatir, parsley, mint, gishiri, baƙar fata da man flower. Abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su sun haɗa da Sumac, ruwan lemun tsami, allspice, cinnamon, pine nuts, almonds, walnuts, mint, da man zaitun wanda za'a iya ƙarawa don dandano mafi kyau. A Turkiyya, sanannun jita-jita guda biyu sune ''karnıyarık'' da ''[[İmam bayıldı]]''.

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    <title>Albasa da aka cika</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345491176|Stuffed peppers]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3134" sha1="59rpgvxrbeh3fdlx8t4nmzc1mp3fwym" xml:space="preserve">Gurasar da aka yi da ita abinci ne wanda aka saba amfani da shi a cikin abinci da yawa. Ya ƙunshi ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa ko rabi da aka cika da kowane irin cikawa, sau da yawa ciki har da nama, kayan lambu, cuku, shinkafa, ko sauce. Sau da yawa ana tattara Abincin ta hanyar cika ramukan albasa sannan a dafa shi. 

== Bambancin yanki ==

=== China ===
[[Fayil:Fried_Pieces_of_Tofu.JPG|thumb|Abubuwa uku da aka dafa a cikin akwatin kumfa na polystyrene, Hong Kong]]
Cantonese version of stuffed peppers ne wani ɓangare na wani titi abinci da ake kira Three Fried Stuffed Treasures (??), tare da stuffed pepers, stuffed aubergine, da stuffed sausage. Kodayake tare da kayan lambu da nama daban-daban, kayan ado iri ɗaya ne: kifaye na dace. Bayan tara kifin, an dafa shi sosai. Yawancin lokaci ana ba da shi tare da Soya na Worcestershire, ko kuma ana iya ba da shi ba tare da sowa ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=韓詠儀 |date=2017-12-06 |title=【煎釀三寶食譜】香港特色街頭小食 小點醫肚晚餐佐飯一樣得 |url=https://www.hk01.com/教煮/138807/煎釀三寶食譜-香港特色街頭小食-小點醫肚晚餐佐飯一樣得 |access-date=2022-01-06 |website=香港01 |language=zh-HK}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Food |first=U. |title=【簡易食譜】簡單4步就煮到！ 街頭滋味小食煎釀三寶 {{!}} U Food 香港餐廳及飲食資訊優惠網站 |url=https://food.ulifestyle.com.hk/recipe/detail/2127853/簡易食譜-簡單4步就煮到-街頭滋味小食煎釀三寶 |access-date=2022-01-06 |website=U Food}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Italiya ===
Gurasar da aka yi da ita ko '''peperoni ripieni''' wani bangare ne na Al'adar cin abinci ta Italiya tare da girke-girke na yanki da yawa. Kayan girke-girke na gargajiya na Calabrian, wanda ake kira '''pipi chini''', ya haɗa da amfani da ƙwanƙwasawa, kuma ana cika shi da gurasa, parsley, basil, cuku na Grana, tumatir, da cuku na provola. Wani lokaci ana ƙara kwai mai tauri, anchovies ko nama mai ƙasa.

=== Misira ===
A Misira, ana cin abincin al'ada mai suna ''mahshi felfel'' ({{Lang|arz|محشي فلفل}}), wani nau'in [[dolma]] ne wanda aka cika al'adun [[shinkafa]] da cakuda shinkafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;amira&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2013 |title=Rice Stuffed Veggies Aka Mahshi |url=https://amiraspantry.com/rice-stuffed-veggies-aka-mahshi/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Amira's Pantry}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana cika shi ne daga [[Shinkafa|shinkafa mai gajeren hatsi]], an haɗa shi da parsley, cilantro, da dill, an dafa shi da cumin, Coriander, [[gishiri]], da baƙar fata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 September 2021 |title=Egyptian Herby Stuffed Red Peppers (Mahshi) |url=https://blog.imperfectfoods.com/egyptian-herby-stuffed-red-peppers-mahshi/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Imperfect Foods Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu nau'ikan na iya haɗawa da naman sa ko Ɗan rago, amma wannan ba al'ada ba ce.&lt;ref name=&quot;lovemysalad&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Inspired Baked Stuffed Peppers ('Fil Fil Mahshi') |url=https://www.lovemysalad.com/recipes/egyptian-inspired-baked-stuffed-peppers-%E2%80%98fil-fil-mahshi%E2%80%99 |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Love My Salad}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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Gurasar da aka yi da ita abinci ne wanda aka saba amfani da shi a cikin abinci da yawa. Ya ƙunshi ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa ko rabi da aka cika da kowane irin cikawa, sau da yawa ciki har da nama, kayan lambu, cuku, shinkafa, ko sauce. Sau da yawa ana tattara Abincin ta hanyar cika ramukan albasa sannan a dafa shi. 

== Bambancin yanki ==

=== China ===
[[Fayil:Fried_Pieces_of_Tofu.JPG|thumb|Abubuwa uku da aka dafa a cikin akwatin kumfa na polystyrene, Hong Kong]]
Cantonese version of stuffed peppers ne wani ɓangare na wani titi abinci da ake kira Three Fried Stuffed Treasures (??), tare da stuffed pepers, stuffed aubergine, da stuffed sausage. Kodayake tare da kayan lambu da nama daban-daban, kayan ado iri ɗaya ne: kifaye na dace. Bayan tara kifin, an dafa shi sosai. Yawancin lokaci ana ba da shi tare da Soya na Worcestershire, ko kuma ana iya ba da shi ba tare da sowa ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=韓詠儀 |date=2017-12-06 |title=【煎釀三寶食譜】香港特色街頭小食 小點醫肚晚餐佐飯一樣得 |url=https://www.hk01.com/教煮/138807/煎釀三寶食譜-香港特色街頭小食-小點醫肚晚餐佐飯一樣得 |access-date=2022-01-06 |website=香港01 |language=zh-HK}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Food |first=U. |title=【簡易食譜】簡單4步就煮到！ 街頭滋味小食煎釀三寶 {{!}} U Food 香港餐廳及飲食資訊優惠網站 |url=https://food.ulifestyle.com.hk/recipe/detail/2127853/簡易食譜-簡單4步就煮到-街頭滋味小食煎釀三寶 |access-date=2022-01-06 |website=U Food}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Italiya ===
Gurasar da aka yi da ita ko '''peperoni ripieni''' wani bangare ne na Al'adar cin abinci ta Italiya tare da girke-girke na yanki da yawa. Kayan girke-girke na gargajiya na Calabrian, wanda ake kira '''pipi chini''', ya haɗa da amfani da ƙwanƙwasawa, kuma ana cika shi da gurasa, parsley, basil, cuku na Grana, tumatir, da cuku na provola. Wani lokaci ana ƙara kwai mai tauri, anchovies ko nama mai ƙasa.

=== Misira ===
A Misira, ana cin abincin al'ada mai suna ''mahshi felfel'' ({{Lang|arz|محشي فلفل}}), wani nau'in [[dolma]] ne wanda aka cika al'adun [[shinkafa]] da cakuda shinkafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;amira&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2013 |title=Rice Stuffed Veggies Aka Mahshi |url=https://amiraspantry.com/rice-stuffed-veggies-aka-mahshi/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Amira's Pantry}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana cika shi ne daga [[Shinkafa|shinkafa mai gajeren hatsi]], an haɗa shi da parsley, cilantro, da dill, an dafa shi da cumin, Coriander, [[gishiri]], da baƙar fata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 September 2021 |title=Egyptian Herby Stuffed Red Peppers (Mahshi) |url=https://blog.imperfectfoods.com/egyptian-herby-stuffed-red-peppers-mahshi/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Imperfect Foods Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu nau'ikan na iya haɗawa da naman sa ko Ɗan rago, amma wannan ba al'ada ba ce.&lt;ref name=&quot;lovemysalad&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Inspired Baked Stuffed Peppers ('Fil Fil Mahshi') |url=https://www.lovemysalad.com/recipes/egyptian-inspired-baked-stuffed-peppers-%E2%80%98fil-fil-mahshi%E2%80%99 |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Love My Salad}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kondowole</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1327843533|Kondowole]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kondowole''' abinci ne mai gina jiki a ƙasar Malawi wanda galibi ake ci a yankin arewacin [[Malawi]] . Ana yin sa ne da garin [[rogo]] da ruwa .   Abinci ne mai ɗanɗano sosai kuma yana kama da na Malawin nsima, Tanzaniya ugali, ko kuma posho na Turanci. Yawancin lokaci ana dafa shi a ƙasa saboda yanayinsa, domin yawanci yana da wuya a yi amfani da sandar girki, don haka ana buƙatar ƙarfi sosai.

Ana cin Kondowole da kifi a Malawi; kifi a Malawi ya kama daga &quot;utaka&quot; (wanda ake furtawa &quot;u-ta-ka&quot;) da &quot;chambo&quot; (sanannen kifi daga Tafkin Malawi ). Kondowole ba abinci bane da za a iya yinsa da yawa saboda daidaito da laushinsa, don haka ba a cinsa sau da yawa kamar nsima .

== Shiri na garin Kondowole ==
Don shirya Kondowole:

# Da farko a bare rogon a jika shi har tsawon kwana huɗu, ya danganta da yanayin da yake ciki, don ya yi tsami ya yi laushi (zai iya ɗaukar kwana biyu kacal idan a yanayi mai danshi sosai).
# Cire daga ruwan, cire tarin jijiyoyin jini daga tsakiya, matse ruwan da ya wuce kima, sannan a niƙa da turmi (&quot;mtondo&quot; a cikin harshen Malawi na gida) da kuma pestle (&quot;musi&quot;).
# Bayan an niƙa, a bar man rogo ya bushe a rana. Ba a yi nufin a saka shi a cikin tarin ba, amma a raba shi da ƙananan rabo daidai gwargwado.
# Idan ya bushe ya kamata a mayar da shi cikin turmi don niƙa.
# Bayan an niƙa, ya kamata a tace ko a kai shi injin niƙa masara .

== Umarnin girki ==

# Sanya ruwa a cikin ƙaramin tukunya ta yadda ruwan zai kai rabin wurin sannan a tafasa.
# Sai a zuba garin rogo guda huɗu a cikin ruwa har sai ya yi manne sannan a juya na minti ɗaya yayin da ake zafi.
# Cire tukunya daga wuta sannan a ci gaba da haɗa manna har sai fulawar ta ɓace. (ana buƙatar hannuwa masu ƙarfi don wannan matakin - a Malawi mutane da yawa suna sanya tukunya mai zafi a tsakanin ƙafafunsu don su iya amfani da hannayensu biyu don haɗawa).

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1327843533|Kondowole]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kondowole''' abinci ne mai gina jiki a ƙasar Malawi wanda galibi ake ci a yankin arewacin [[Malawi]] . Ana yin sa ne da garin [[rogo]] da ruwa .   Abinci ne mai ɗanɗano sosai kuma yana kama da na Malawin nsima, Tanzaniya ugali, ko kuma posho na Turanci. Yawancin lokaci ana dafa shi a ƙasa saboda yanayinsa, domin yawanci yana da wuya a yi amfani da sandar girki, don haka ana buƙatar ƙarfi sosai.&lt;ref&gt;Michael M'tisunge Phoya (2008). Walks of Life: The Other Side of Malawi. IITA. pp. 29–. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-99908-941-0-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana cin Kondowole da kifi a Malawi; kifi a Malawi ya kama daga &quot;utaka&quot; (wanda ake furtawa &quot;u-ta-ka&quot;) da &quot;chambo&quot; (sanannen kifi daga Tafkin Malawi ). Kondowole ba abinci bane da za a iya yinsa da yawa saboda daidaito da laushinsa, don haka ba a cinsa sau da yawa kamar nsima .

== Shiri na garin Kondowole ==
Don shirya Kondowole:

# Da farko a bare rogon a jika shi har tsawon kwana huɗu, ya danganta da yanayin da yake ciki, don ya yi tsami ya yi laushi (zai iya ɗaukar kwana biyu kacal idan a yanayi mai danshi sosai).
# Cire daga ruwan, cire tarin jijiyoyin jini daga tsakiya, matse ruwan da ya wuce kima, sannan a niƙa da turmi (&quot;mtondo&quot; a cikin harshen Malawi na gida) da kuma pestle (&quot;musi&quot;).
# Bayan an niƙa, a bar man rogo ya bushe a rana. Ba a yi nufin a saka shi a cikin tarin ba, amma a raba shi da ƙananan rabo daidai gwargwado.
# Idan ya bushe ya kamata a mayar da shi cikin turmi don niƙa.
# Bayan an niƙa, ya kamata a tace ko a kai shi injin niƙa masara .

== Umarnin girki ==

# Sanya ruwa a cikin ƙaramin tukunya ta yadda ruwan zai kai rabin wurin sannan a tafasa.
# Sai a zuba garin rogo guda huɗu a cikin ruwa har sai ya yi manne sannan a juya na minti ɗaya yayin da ake zafi.
# Cire tukunya daga wuta sannan a ci gaba da haɗa manna har sai fulawar ta ɓace. (ana buƙatar hannuwa masu ƙarfi don wannan matakin - a Malawi mutane da yawa suna sanya tukunya mai zafi a tsakanin ƙafafunsu don su iya amfani da hannayensu biyu don haɗawa).

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2048" sha1="flhcrej0pl8gmyhwng4cctrzi5xcfz9" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kondowole''' abinci ne mai gina jiki a ƙasar Malawi wanda galibi ake ci a yankin arewacin [[Malawi]] . Ana yin sa ne da garin [[rogo]] da ruwa .   Abinci ne mai ɗanɗano sosai kuma yana kama da na Malawin nsima, Tanzaniya ugali, ko kuma posho na Turanci. Yawancin lokaci ana dafa shi a ƙasa saboda yanayinsa, domin yawanci yana da wuya a yi amfani da sandar girki, don haka ana buƙatar ƙarfi sosai.&lt;ref&gt;Michael M'tisunge Phoya (2008). Walks of Life: The Other Side of Malawi. IITA. pp. 29–. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-99908-941-0-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana cin Kondowole da kifi a Malawi; kifi a Malawi ya kama daga &quot;utaka&quot; (wanda ake furtawa &quot;u-ta-ka&quot;) da &quot;chambo&quot; (sanannen kifi daga Tafkin Malawi ). Kondowole ba abinci bane da za a iya yinsa da yawa saboda daidaito da laushinsa, don haka ba a cinsa sau da yawa kamar nsima .

== Shiri na garin Kondowole ==
Don shirya Kondowole:

# Da farko a bare rogon a jika shi har tsawon kwana huɗu, ya danganta da yanayin da yake ciki, don ya yi tsami ya yi laushi (zai iya ɗaukar kwana biyu kacal idan a yanayi mai danshi sosai).
# Cire daga ruwan, cire tarin jijiyoyin jini daga tsakiya, matse ruwan da ya wuce kima, sannan a niƙa da turmi (&quot;mtondo&quot; a cikin harshen Malawi na gida) da kuma pestle (&quot;musi&quot;).
# Bayan an niƙa, a bar man rogo ya bushe a rana. Ba a yi nufin a saka shi a cikin tarin ba, amma a raba shi da ƙananan rabo daidai gwargwado.
# Idan ya bushe ya kamata a mayar da shi cikin turmi don niƙa.
# Bayan an niƙa, ya kamata a tace ko a kai shi injin niƙa masara .

== Umarnin girki ==

# Sanya ruwa a cikin ƙaramin tukunya ta yadda ruwan zai kai rabin wurin sannan a tafasa.
# Sai a zuba garin rogo guda huɗu a cikin ruwa har sai ya yi manne sannan a juya na minti ɗaya yayin da ake zafi.
# Cire tukunya daga wuta sannan a ci gaba da haɗa manna har sai fulawar ta ɓace. (ana buƙatar hannuwa masu ƙarfi don wannan matakin - a Malawi mutane da yawa suna sanya tukunya mai zafi a tsakanin ƙafafunsu don su iya amfani da hannayensu biyu don haɗawa).

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Abubuwan da aka yi da su</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1325755152|Stuffed squash]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3141" sha1="7lkp1e0x2vckgqwfdm4i78r521hb1or" xml:space="preserve">&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220px&quot; heights=&quot;160px&quot;&gt;
Fayil:Kousa_Mahshi.jpg|''Kousa mahshi'', stuffed zucchini
&lt;/gallery&gt;Abincin da aka yi da shi, curgette, marrow, '''mahshi''', '''kousa''', ko '''zucchini''' abinci ne na yau da kullun a [[Misra|Misira]], da Levant da Balkans. Wani nau'in [[dolma]] ne wanda ya kunshi nau'ikan squash ko zucchini, an cika shi da shinkafa kuma wani lokacin nama, kuma an dafa shi a kan murhu ko a cikin tanda. Ana ba da nau'in nama mai zafi, a matsayin babban abinci. Ana ɗaukar nau'in da ba shi da nama a matsayin &quot;Abincin mai na zaitun&quot; kuma galibi ana cinye shi a zafin jiki ko dumi.

== Shirye-shiryen ==
Ana cire kwayar halitta da tsaba na mafi girma, mafi ƙanƙanta, ƙanƙara, kuma ci gaba yana kama da punjene paprike ko sarma.&lt;ref name=&quot;lakakuharica&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tikvice punjene mesom i bulgurom u crvenom umaku |url=http://www.lakakuharica.com/2010/08/tikvice-punjene-mesom-i-bulgurom-u.html |access-date=26 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sau da yawa, ana yin punjene tikvice (squashes) da punjene paprike (pepper) tare, a matsayin abincin da aka gauraya.&lt;ref name=&quot;coolinarika&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 June 2008 |title=Punjene paprike ili tikvice |url=http://www.coolinarika.com/recept/punjene-paprike-ili-tikvice/ |access-date=26 July 2016}}in Croatian&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sunan ==

== Bambance-bambance ==
[[Fayil:Acorn_squash_stuffed_with_pilaf_and_topped_with_cheese.jpg|thumb|An kwashe ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da aka cika da pilaf kuma an rufe shi da cuku]]
Sunan a cikin harsuna daban-daban gabaɗaya yana nufin a zahiri &quot;squash mai cike da kaya&quot;: Croatian: Punjene tikvice; Serbian: stuffed zucchini; Serbian Cyrillic: stuffed kabeji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-13 |title=Punjene paprike ili tikvice |url=https://web.coolinarika.com/recept/punjene-paprike-ili-tikvice-4b629bb2-63c7-11eb-97f1-0242ac12001f |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=Coolinarika |language=hr-HR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Misira ===
Mahshi kosa ( Egyptian Arabic   ) wani abincin kabewa ne na gargajiya da aka cika da kabewa da ake ci a Masar, wani nau'in [[dolma]] ne da ya ƙunshi kabewa wanda aka haɗa shi da [[shinkafa]] da ganye mai ɗanɗano . &lt;ref name=&quot;eatingwell&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kousa Mahshi (Stuffed Zucchini) |url=https://www.eatingwell.com/recipe/8061733/kousa-mahshi-stuffed-zucchini/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=EatingWell}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abin da aka cika yawanci ya haɗa da [[Shinkafa|shinkafar gajeriyar hatsi]] da aka haɗa da faski, dill, da cilantro, wanda aka ɗanɗana da cumin, coriander, [[gishiri]], da barkono baƙi . &lt;ref name=&quot;amiraspantry&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2013 |title=Rice Stuffed Veggies Aka Mahshi |url=https://amiraspantry.com/rice-stuffed-veggies-aka-mahshi/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Amira's Pantry}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mahshi Koosa (Stuffed Zucchini) |url=https://www.ofrecipes.com/mahshi-koosa-stuffed-zucchini |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=OfRecipes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannan a dafa kabewar a hankali a cikin miyar tumatir mai kayan ƙanshi, yana barin [[Shinkafa|shinkafar]] ta shanye ruwan yayin da zucchini ke laushi. &lt;ref name=&quot;eatingwell&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;amiraspantry&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829161</id>
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      <text bytes="3152" sha1="erh08ug4tky4pxr94e9zyu9nhr7xd39" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220px&quot; heights=&quot;160px&quot;&gt;
Fayil:Kousa_Mahshi.jpg|''Kousa mahshi'', stuffed zucchini
&lt;/gallery&gt;Abincin da aka yi da shi, curgette, marrow, '''mahshi''', '''kousa''', ko '''zucchini''' abinci ne na yau da kullun a [[Misra|Misira]], da Levant da Balkans. Wani nau'in [[dolma]] ne wanda ya kunshi nau'ikan squash ko zucchini, an cika shi da shinkafa kuma wani lokacin nama, kuma an dafa shi a kan murhu ko a cikin tanda. Ana ba da nau'in nama mai zafi, a matsayin babban abinci. Ana ɗaukar nau'in da ba shi da nama a matsayin &quot;Abincin mai na zaitun&quot; kuma galibi ana cinye shi a zafin jiki ko dumi.

== Shirye-shiryen ==
Ana cire kwayar halitta da tsaba na mafi girma, mafi ƙanƙanta, ƙanƙara, kuma ci gaba yana kama da punjene paprike ko sarma.&lt;ref name=&quot;lakakuharica&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tikvice punjene mesom i bulgurom u crvenom umaku |url=http://www.lakakuharica.com/2010/08/tikvice-punjene-mesom-i-bulgurom-u.html |access-date=26 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sau da yawa, ana yin punjene tikvice (squashes) da punjene paprike (pepper) tare, a matsayin abincin da aka gauraya.&lt;ref name=&quot;coolinarika&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 June 2008 |title=Punjene paprike ili tikvice |url=http://www.coolinarika.com/recept/punjene-paprike-ili-tikvice/ |access-date=26 July 2016}}in Croatian&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sunan ==

== Bambance-bambance ==
[[Fayil:Acorn_squash_stuffed_with_pilaf_and_topped_with_cheese.jpg|thumb|An kwashe ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da aka cika da pilaf kuma an rufe shi da cuku]]
Sunan a cikin harsuna daban-daban gabaɗaya yana nufin a zahiri &quot;squash mai cike da kaya&quot;: Croatian: Punjene tikvice; Serbian: stuffed zucchini; Serbian Cyrillic: stuffed kabeji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-13 |title=Punjene paprike ili tikvice |url=https://web.coolinarika.com/recept/punjene-paprike-ili-tikvice-4b629bb2-63c7-11eb-97f1-0242ac12001f |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=Coolinarika |language=hr-HR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Misira ===
Mahshi kosa ( Egyptian Arabic   ) wani abincin kabewa ne na gargajiya da aka cika da kabewa da ake ci a Masar, wani nau'in [[dolma]] ne da ya ƙunshi kabewa wanda aka haɗa shi da [[shinkafa]] da ganye mai ɗanɗano . &lt;ref name=&quot;eatingwell&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kousa Mahshi (Stuffed Zucchini) |url=https://www.eatingwell.com/recipe/8061733/kousa-mahshi-stuffed-zucchini/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=EatingWell}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abin da aka cika yawanci ya haɗa da [[Shinkafa|shinkafar gajeriyar hatsi]] da aka haɗa da faski, dill, da cilantro, wanda aka ɗanɗana da cumin, coriander, [[gishiri]], da barkono baƙi . &lt;ref name=&quot;amiraspantry&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2013 |title=Rice Stuffed Veggies Aka Mahshi |url=https://amiraspantry.com/rice-stuffed-veggies-aka-mahshi/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Amira's Pantry}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mahshi Koosa (Stuffed Zucchini) |url=https://www.ofrecipes.com/mahshi-koosa-stuffed-zucchini |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=OfRecipes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannan a dafa kabewar a hankali a cikin miyar tumatir mai kayan ƙanshi, yana barin [[Shinkafa|shinkafar]] ta shanye ruwan yayin da zucchini ke laushi. &lt;ref name=&quot;eatingwell&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;amiraspantry&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tahini</title>
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    <id>148978</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829163</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:28:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351483174|Tahini]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Tahini''' ( / tə ˈh iː n i , taː - / ; Arabic    , ko, in Iraq, راشي   ) wani kayan ƙanshi ne [[Gabas ta Tsakiya|na Gabas ta Tsakiya]] ( man shanu ) da aka yi da tsaban [[Riɗi|sesame]] da aka niƙa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tahini {{!}} Definition of Tahini by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Tahini |url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/tahini |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315040002/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/tahini |archive-date=15 March 2020 |access-date=2021-01-11 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri mafi yawan iri yana fitowa ne daga tsaban da aka huda, amma ana iya amfani da waɗanda ba a huda ba;  nau'in na ƙarshe yana da ɗan ɗaci, amma ya fi gina jiki. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ana gasa tsaban fiye da danye. Ana iya yin Tahini da kansa (a matsayin [[Miya da ake tsome|tsoma]] ), a yi shi da miyar salati, ko kuma a yi amfani da shi a matsayin babban sinadari a cikin [[hummus]], [[baba ghanoush]], ko halva .

Ana amfani da Tahini a cikin abincin [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] da Gabashin Bahar Rum, Kudancin Caucasus, Balkans, Kudancin Asiya, [[Tsakiyar Asiya|Asiya ta Tsakiya]], da kuma tsakanin Yahudawa Ashkenazi, da kuma wasu sassan [[Rasha]] da [[Abincin Maghrebi|Arewacin Afirka]]. Seme paste, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a wasu abincin Gabashin Asiya, na iya bambanta da ɗan kaɗan daga tahini.

== Magana ==
''Tahini'' asalin [[Larabci]] ne kuma ya fito ne daga lafazin Larabcin Levantine na {{Transl|ar|Wehr|ṭaḥīna}} ( {{Lang|ar|طحينة}} ),  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 February 2020 |title=Tahini definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/tahini |access-date=2021-01-11 |website=www.collinsdictionary.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ko kuma mafi daidai {{Transl|ar|Wehr|ṭaḥīniyya}} ( {{Lang|ar|طحينية}} ), inda kuma Turanci &quot;tahina&quot; da Hebrew ''ṭḥina'' {{Lang|he|טחינה}} An samo shi ne daga tushen Larabci na Gargajiya {{Lang|ar|ط ح ن}} {{Transl|ar|Ṭ-Ḥ-N}}, wanda a matsayin fi'ili {{Lang|ar|طحن}} {{Transl|ar|Wehr|ṭaḥana}} yana nufin &quot;niƙa&quot;,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Definition of TAHINI |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tahini |access-date=2021-01-11 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma yana kuma samar da kalmar {{Lang|ar|طحين}} {{Transl|ar|Wehr|ṭaḥīn}}, &quot;fulawa&quot; a wasu yaruka . Kalmar tahini ta bayyana a Turanci a ƙarshen shekarun 1930.   A cikin tsoffin majiyoyin harshen Ingilishi, ana kiranta da &quot;man shanu&quot; ko &quot;man shanu iri na sesame&quot;. 

== Tarihi ==
Tsohon ambaton sesame yana cikin takardar cuneiform da aka rubuta shekaru 4,000 da suka gabata wanda ya bayyana al'adar bauta wa alloli ruwan inabi. Masanin tarihi Herodotus ya rubuta game da noman sesame shekaru 3,500 da suka gabata a yankin [[Kogin Tigris|Tigris]] da Yufiretis a [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamiya]] (Irak ta zamani). An fi amfani da shi azaman tushen [[mai]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Laniado |first=Limor |date=12 May 2011 |title=The glory of tahini |url=https://www.haaretz.com/culture/food-wine/be-merry-the-glory-of-tahini-1.361176 |access-date=18 January 2013 |publisher=Haaretz.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin littafin dafa abinci na Larabci na ƙarni na 10 ''Kitab al-Tabikh'', an ambaci girke-girke don sesame na ƙasa, girke-zirgar suna kira don amfani da shi azaman kayan yaji ko a ci tare da burodi.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <id>829164</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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'''Tahini''' ( / tə ˈh iː n i , taː - / ; Arabic    , ko, in Iraq, راشي   ) wani kayan ƙanshi ne [[Gabas ta Tsakiya|na Gabas ta Tsakiya]] ( man shanu ) da aka yi da tsaban [[Riɗi|sesame]] da aka niƙa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tahini {{!}} Definition of Tahini by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Tahini |url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/tahini |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315040002/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/tahini |archive-date=15 March 2020 |access-date=2021-01-11 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri mafi yawan iri yana fitowa ne daga tsaban da aka huda, amma ana iya amfani da waɗanda ba a huda ba;  nau'in na ƙarshe yana da ɗan ɗaci, amma ya fi gina jiki. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ana gasa tsaban fiye da danye. Ana iya yin Tahini da kansa (a matsayin [[Miya da ake tsome|tsoma]] ), a yi shi da miyar salati, ko kuma a yi amfani da shi a matsayin babban sinadari a cikin [[hummus]], [[baba ghanoush]], ko halva .

Ana amfani da Tahini a cikin abincin [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] da Gabashin Bahar Rum, Kudancin Caucasus, Balkans, Kudancin Asiya, [[Tsakiyar Asiya|Asiya ta Tsakiya]], da kuma tsakanin Yahudawa Ashkenazi, da kuma wasu sassan [[Rasha]] da [[Abincin Maghrebi|Arewacin Afirka]]. Seme paste, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a wasu abincin Gabashin Asiya, na iya bambanta da ɗan kaɗan daga tahini.

== Magana ==
''Tahini'' asalin [[Larabci]] ne kuma ya fito ne daga lafazin Larabcin Levantine na {{Transl|ar|Wehr|ṭaḥīna}} ( {{Lang|ar|طحينة}} ),  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 February 2020 |title=Tahini definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/tahini |access-date=2021-01-11 |website=www.collinsdictionary.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ko kuma mafi daidai {{Transl|ar|Wehr|ṭaḥīniyya}} ( {{Lang|ar|طحينية}} ), inda kuma Turanci &quot;tahina&quot; da Hebrew ''ṭḥina'' {{Lang|he|טחינה}} An samo shi ne daga tushen Larabci na Gargajiya {{Lang|ar|ط ح ن}} {{Transl|ar|Ṭ-Ḥ-N}}, wanda a matsayin fi'ili {{Lang|ar|طحن}} {{Transl|ar|Wehr|ṭaḥana}} yana nufin &quot;niƙa&quot;,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Definition of TAHINI |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tahini |access-date=2021-01-11 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma yana kuma samar da kalmar {{Lang|ar|طحين}} {{Transl|ar|Wehr|ṭaḥīn}}, &quot;fulawa&quot; a wasu yaruka . Kalmar tahini ta bayyana a Turanci a ƙarshen shekarun 1930.   A cikin tsoffin majiyoyin harshen Ingilishi, ana kiranta da &quot;man shanu&quot; ko &quot;man shanu iri na sesame&quot;. 

== Tarihi ==
Tsohon ambaton sesame yana cikin takardar cuneiform da aka rubuta shekaru 4,000 da suka gabata wanda ya bayyana al'adar bauta wa alloli ruwan inabi. Masanin tarihi Herodotus ya rubuta game da noman sesame shekaru 3,500 da suka gabata a yankin [[Kogin Tigris|Tigris]] da Yufiretis a [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamiya]] (Irak ta zamani). An fi amfani da shi azaman tushen [[mai]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Laniado |first=Limor |date=12 May 2011 |title=The glory of tahini |url=https://www.haaretz.com/culture/food-wine/be-merry-the-glory-of-tahini-1.361176 |access-date=18 January 2013 |publisher=Haaretz.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin littafin dafa abinci na Larabci na ƙarni na 10 ''Kitab al-Tabikh'', an ambaci girke-girke don sesame na ƙasa, girke-zirgar suna kira don amfani da shi azaman kayan yaji ko a ci tare da burodi.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tahini roll</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>829165</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:28:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337246396|Tahini roll]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Tahini roll''' ko tahini bread roll wani abu ne mai dadi wanda aka fi samu a cikin abincin Levant, Armenia, Cyprus, Girka da Turkiyya.&lt;ref name=&quot;delicious&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |author-link=Yasmin Khan (writer) |title=Sweet tahini swirl buns |url=https://www.deliciousmagazine.co.uk/recipes/sweet-tahini-swirl-buns/ |access-date=5 January 2026 |website=[[News Corp Australia|delicious. magazine]] |language=en}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yankin ƙasa ==

=== Cyprus ===
''Tahinopita'' is a type of tahini roll that is popular as a street food in Cyprus, it is likened to [[Cinnamon roll|cinnamon rolls]]. In the Cypriot capital of [[Nicosia]], street vendors with carts or bikes, as well as bakeries sell tahini rolls.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Çavuşoğlu |first=Mehmet |last2=Çavuşoğlu |first2=Olena |date=2018 |title=Gastronomi Turizmi ve Kıbrıs Sokak Lezzetleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/519059 |journal=Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi |volume=2 |issue=Ek 1 |page=644}}&lt;/ref&gt; They are popular during Lent as they can be considered vegan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-04-04 |title=Tahinopita (Tahini Sweet Bread) |url=https://oliveology.co.uk/tahinopita-tahini-sweet-bread/ |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=Oliveology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cyprusfoodmuseum&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tashinopitta - Tahinopitta |url=https://www.cyprusfoodmuseum.com/en/sylloges/paradosiakes-syntages/tashinopitta-tahinopitta |access-date=4 January 2026 |website=Cyprus Food Museum |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Turkiyya ===
A Turkiyya, sun fi shahara a lokacin watan Ramadan, lokacin da ake cinye su a kan [[Sahur|suhur]].

=== Armenia da Levant ===
Rubutun Tahini sun shahara a Armenia, inda ake kiransu ''tahinov hatz'', Armeniyawa da ke ƙaura zuwa Levant sun shahara da burodi a can.

== Shirye-shiryen ==
Gurasar ta haɗa da sukari da mai kuma tana da sashi tsakanin burodi da kukis. An haɗa shi da yisti kuma ana iya yin burodi bayan tashi na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Perry&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web |last=Perry |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Perry (food writer) |date=18 April 2007 |title=Tahini Cookies |url=https://www.latimes.com/recipe/tahini-cookies |website=Los Angeles times}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Wani lokaci ana iya tsoma burodi a cikin sukari ko zuma kuma a dandana shi da cinnamon.

Ana yin juzu'in Tahini ta hanyar mirgine gurasar, yada shi tare da cakuda tahini, yayyafa shi da sukari kuma mirgine shi cikin siffar katako. Sa'an nan kuma a yanka gurasar zuwa ƙananan ɓangarori kuma a shimfiɗa ta don samar da da'ira.

== Sunan da asalin ==
A cikin ƙasashen Larabawa an san shi da ''Khubz tahini'' (Arabic).&lt;ref name=&quot;Perry&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web |last=Perry |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Perry (food writer) |date=18 April 2007 |title=Tahini Cookies |url=https://www.latimes.com/recipe/tahini-cookies |website=Los Angeles times}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Sunan Armeniya shine Թահովին Հ Հաց . A cikin harshen Girkanci an san shi da ταχινόπιττα (tahinopitta) ko τασιηνόπιττα; a cikin Girkanci na Cypriot furcin shine &quot;tashinopita&quot; tare da sauti &quot;sh&quot; kamar yadda ya saba da &quot;h&quot; a cikin Girka.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Drogari |first=Eleni |title=Dancing the self: Cypriot sociocultural identity and contemporary choreography |url=https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/2426533/Dancing_the_self.pdf |publisher=Roehampton University}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829166</id>
      <parentid>829165</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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      <text bytes="3437" sha1="tot7oc905pu6x1oyfy5apfjbs1zkgep" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Tahini roll''' ko tahini bread roll wani abu ne mai dadi wanda aka fi samu a cikin abincin Levant, Armenia, Cyprus, Girka da Turkiyya.&lt;ref name=&quot;delicious&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |author-link=Yasmin Khan (writer) |title=Sweet tahini swirl buns |url=https://www.deliciousmagazine.co.uk/recipes/sweet-tahini-swirl-buns/ |access-date=5 January 2026 |website=[[News Corp Australia|delicious. magazine]] |language=en}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yankin ƙasa ==

=== Cyprus ===
''Tahinopita'' is a type of tahini roll that is popular as a street food in Cyprus, it is likened to [[Cinnamon roll|cinnamon rolls]]. In the Cypriot capital of [[Nicosia]], street vendors with carts or bikes, as well as bakeries sell tahini rolls.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Çavuşoğlu |first=Mehmet |last2=Çavuşoğlu |first2=Olena |date=2018 |title=Gastronomi Turizmi ve Kıbrıs Sokak Lezzetleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/519059 |journal=Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi |volume=2 |issue=Ek 1 |page=644}}&lt;/ref&gt; They are popular during Lent as they can be considered vegan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-04-04 |title=Tahinopita (Tahini Sweet Bread) |url=https://oliveology.co.uk/tahinopita-tahini-sweet-bread/ |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=Oliveology |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cyprusfoodmuseum&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tashinopitta - Tahinopitta |url=https://www.cyprusfoodmuseum.com/en/sylloges/paradosiakes-syntages/tashinopitta-tahinopitta |access-date=4 January 2026 |website=Cyprus Food Museum |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Turkiyya ===
A Turkiyya, sun fi shahara a lokacin watan Ramadan, lokacin da ake cinye su a kan [[Sahur|suhur]].

=== Armenia da Levant ===
Rubutun Tahini sun shahara a Armenia, inda ake kiransu ''tahinov hatz'', Armeniyawa da ke ƙaura zuwa Levant sun shahara da burodi a can.

== Shirye-shiryen ==
Gurasar ta haɗa da sukari da mai kuma tana da sashi tsakanin burodi da kukis. An haɗa shi da yisti kuma ana iya yin burodi bayan tashi na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Perry&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web |last=Perry |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Perry (food writer) |date=18 April 2007 |title=Tahini Cookies |url=https://www.latimes.com/recipe/tahini-cookies |website=Los Angeles times}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Wani lokaci ana iya tsoma burodi a cikin sukari ko zuma kuma a dandana shi da cinnamon.

Ana yin juzu'in Tahini ta hanyar mirgine gurasar, yada shi tare da cakuda tahini, yayyafa shi da sukari kuma mirgine shi cikin siffar katako. Sa'an nan kuma a yanka gurasar zuwa ƙananan ɓangarori kuma a shimfiɗa ta don samar da da'ira.

== Sunan da asalin ==
A cikin ƙasashen Larabawa an san shi da ''Khubz tahini'' (Arabic).&lt;ref name=&quot;Perry&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web |last=Perry |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Perry (food writer) |date=18 April 2007 |title=Tahini Cookies |url=https://www.latimes.com/recipe/tahini-cookies |website=Los Angeles times}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Sunan Armeniya shine Թահովին Հ Հաց . A cikin harshen Girkanci an san shi da ταχινόπιττα (tahinopitta) ko τασιηνόπιττα; a cikin Girkanci na Cypriot furcin shine &quot;tashinopita&quot; tare da sauti &quot;sh&quot; kamar yadda ya saba da &quot;h&quot; a cikin Girka.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Drogari |first=Eleni |title=Dancing the self: Cypriot sociocultural identity and contemporary choreography |url=https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/2426533/Dancing_the_self.pdf |publisher=Roehampton University}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Abincin Malawi</title>
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      <id>829168</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:29:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338627147|Malawian cuisine]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Nsima_Relishes.JPG|thumb|''Nsima'' (kusurwar dama ta sama) mai abubuwan sha uku]]
[[Fayil:Kachumbari.jpg|thumb|''[[Kachumbari]]'']]
Shayi da kifi suna da matuƙar shahara a cikin abincin Malawi.  Sukari, kofi, masara, dankali, dawa, shanu da awaki suma suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin abinci da tattalin arziki.

[[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Malawi]] tushen kifi ne da suka hada da &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwGA&quot;&gt;chambo&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (mai kama da bream ), ''[[usipa]]'' (mai kama da sardine ), &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwHg&quot;&gt;mpasa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (mai kama da salmon ), da ''kampango'' . 

''Nsima'' abinci ne na yau da kullun da aka yi da masara da aka niƙa kuma ana ba da shi tare da nama, wake da kayan lambu. Ana iya cin sa a lokacin cin abincin rana da abincin dare. 

Ƙarin abincin Malawi ya haɗa da:

* ''[[Kachumbari]]'', wani nau'in salatin tumatir da albasa, wanda aka fi sani da shi a Malawi a matsayin ''sumu'' ko ''shum'' ko kuma kawai 'salatin tumatir da albasa'.
* ''[[Thobwa]]'', wani abin sha mai tsami da aka yi da farin masara da gero ko dawa.
* ''Kondowole'', an yi shi da garin [[rogo]] da ruwa .   Ya samo asali ne daga arewacin [[Malawi]] kuma abinci ne mai ɗanɗano kamar ''na'' Malawi, ''ugali'' na Tanzaniya, ko kuma ''posho'' na Uganda. Yawanci ana dafa shi a ƙasa saboda yanayinsa domin yawanci yana da wuya a yi amfani da sandar girki don haka ana buƙatar ƙarfi sosai. Yawanci ana cin ''Kondowole'' da kifi.
* ''Futali''
* ''Nthochi'', burodin ayaba

== Kifi ==
Kifin da ake ci a Malawi sun hada da utaka, kapenta, kampango, bombe, mlamba, micheni, kifin man shanu (wanda aka fi sani da batala ) da chambo (wanda aka fi sani da kifi daga tafkin Malawi ), da sauransu. [ ana buƙatar ambato ]

''Kondowole'' ba abinci ne da za a iya yin sa da yawa ba saboda daidaito da laushinsa, don haka ba a yawan cin sa kamar ''nsima'' . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Noma a Malawi
* [[Tsaron abinci a Malawi|Matsalar abinci a Malawi]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338627147|Malawian cuisine]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Nsima_Relishes.JPG|thumb|''Nsima'' (kusurwar dama ta sama) mai abubuwan sha uku]]
[[Fayil:Kachumbari.jpg|thumb|''[[Kachumbari]]'']]
Shayi da kifi suna da matuƙar shahara a cikin abincin Malawi.  Sukari, kofi, masara, dankali, dawa, shanu da awaki suma suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin abinci da tattalin arziki.&lt;ref&gt;Food Archived 2013-03-14 at the Wayback Machine Malawi Embassy&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Malawi]] tushen kifi ne da suka hada da &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwGA&quot;&gt;chambo&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (mai kama da bream ), ''[[usipa]]'' (mai kama da sardine ), &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwHg&quot;&gt;mpasa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (mai kama da salmon ), da ''kampango'' . &lt;ref&gt;Michael M'tisunge Phoya (2008). Walks of Life: The Other Side of Malawi. IITA. pp. 29–. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-99908-941-0-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

''Nsima'' abinci ne na yau da kullun da aka yi da masara da aka niƙa kuma ana ba da shi tare da nama, wake da kayan lambu. Ana iya cin sa a lokacin cin abincin rana da abincin dare. 

Ƙarin abincin Malawi ya haɗa da:

* ''[[Kachumbari]]'', wani nau'in salatin tumatir da albasa, wanda aka fi sani da shi a Malawi a matsayin ''sumu'' ko ''shum'' ko kuma kawai 'salatin tumatir da albasa'.
* ''[[Thobwa]]'', wani abin sha mai tsami da aka yi da farin masara da gero ko dawa.
* ''Kondowole'', an yi shi da garin [[rogo]] da ruwa .   Ya samo asali ne daga arewacin [[Malawi]] kuma abinci ne mai ɗanɗano kamar ''na'' Malawi, ''ugali'' na Tanzaniya, ko kuma ''posho'' na Uganda. Yawanci ana dafa shi a ƙasa saboda yanayinsa domin yawanci yana da wuya a yi amfani da sandar girki don haka ana buƙatar ƙarfi sosai. Yawanci ana cin ''Kondowole'' da kifi.
* ''Futali''
* ''Nthochi'', burodin ayaba

== Kifi ==
Kifin da ake ci a Malawi sun hada da utaka, kapenta, kampango, bombe, mlamba, micheni, kifin man shanu (wanda aka fi sani da batala ) da chambo (wanda aka fi sani da kifi daga tafkin Malawi ), da sauransu. [ ana buƙatar ambato ]

''Kondowole'' ba abinci ne da za a iya yin sa da yawa ba saboda daidaito da laushinsa, don haka ba a yawan cin sa kamar ''nsima'' . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Noma a Malawi
* [[Tsaron abinci a Malawi|Matsalar abinci a Malawi]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829173</id>
      <parentid>829171</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:31:14Z</timestamp>
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        <id>39275</id>
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[[Fayil:Nsima_Relishes.JPG|thumb|''Nsima'' (kusurwar dama ta sama) mai abubuwan sha uku]]
[[Fayil:Kachumbari.jpg|thumb|''[[Kachumbari]]'']]
Shayi da kifi suna da matuƙar shahara a cikin abincin Malawi.  Sukari, kofi, masara, dankali, dawa, shanu da awaki suma suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin abinci da tattalin arziki.&lt;ref&gt;Food Archived 2013-03-14 at the Wayback Machine Malawi Embassy&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Malawi]] tushen kifi ne da suka hada da &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwGA&quot;&gt;chambo&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (mai kama da bream ), ''[[usipa]]'' (mai kama da sardine ), &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwHg&quot;&gt;mpasa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (mai kama da salmon ), da ''kampango'' . &lt;ref&gt;Michael M'tisunge Phoya (2008). Walks of Life: The Other Side of Malawi. IITA. pp. 29–. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-99908-941-0-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

''Nsima'' abinci ne na yau da kullun da aka yi da masara da aka niƙa kuma ana ba da shi tare da nama, wake da kayan lambu. Ana iya cin sa a lokacin cin abincin rana da abincin dare. 

Ƙarin abincin Malawi ya haɗa da:

* ''[[Kachumbari]]'', wani nau'in salatin tumatir da albasa, wanda aka fi sani da shi a Malawi a matsayin ''sumu'' ko ''shum'' ko kuma kawai 'salatin tumatir da albasa'.
* ''[[Thobwa]]'', wani abin sha mai tsami da aka yi da farin masara da gero ko dawa.
* ''Kondowole'', an yi shi da garin [[rogo]] da ruwa .   Ya samo asali ne daga arewacin [[Malawi]] kuma abinci ne mai ɗanɗano kamar ''na'' Malawi, ''ugali'' na Tanzaniya, ko kuma ''posho'' na Uganda. Yawanci ana dafa shi a ƙasa saboda yanayinsa domin yawanci yana da wuya a yi amfani da sandar girki don haka ana buƙatar ƙarfi sosai. Yawanci ana cin ''Kondowole'' da kifi.
* ''Futali''
* ''Nthochi'', burodin ayaba

== Kifi ==
Kifin da ake ci a Malawi sun hada da utaka, kapenta, kampango, bombe, mlamba, micheni, kifin man shanu (wanda aka fi sani da batala ) da chambo (wanda aka fi sani da kifi daga tafkin Malawi ), da sauransu. [ ana buƙatar ambato ]

''Kondowole'' ba abinci ne da za a iya yin sa da yawa ba saboda daidaito da laushinsa, don haka ba a yawan cin sa kamar ''nsima'' . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Noma a Malawi
* [[Tsaron abinci a Malawi|Matsalar abinci a Malawi]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>a4qxkr7zoylwjzxl2184t9djc8t3tp2</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tamr Hindi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148981</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829169</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:29:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347631021|Tamr hindi]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Tamr hindi''' ( Arabic         ) wani abin sha ne da ake sha a [[Misra|Masar]] kuma Levant ne da aka yi da [[Tsamiya|tamarind]], ruwa, da [[sukari]] . Yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi da ɗanɗano kuma yana da shahara musamman a lokacin Ramadan, yana ba da abin sha mai daɗi bayan [[Azumi a Musulunci|azumi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;epicurious&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tamer Hindi (Tamarind Beverage) |url=https://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/tamer-hindi-tamarind-beverage |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Epicurious}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen ==
[[Fayil:بائع_التمر_هندي.jpg|left|thumb|244x244px|Wani mai siyar da harshen Tamil Hindi a kan titunan [[Damascus|Dimashƙu]]]]
Ana shirya tamr hindi na Masar ta hanyar tsoma tamarind a cikin ruwa har sai ya taushi, yana ba shi damar fitar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Ana sa'an nan kuma a yi amfani da tamarind mai laushi, kuma ana iya maimaita wannan tsari sau da yawa don cire dandano mai yawa. Bayan an matsa shi, ana ƙara sukari kuma an girgiza shi har sai an narke shi. Ana sanyaya abin sha kuma a ba da shi a kan kankara, wani lokacin tare da taɓawa da ruwan fure don ƙanshi.

A wata hanya ta daban, ana tafasa tamarind a cikin ruwa har sai ya taushi, sannan ya yi tsami, tare da ƙarin ruwa da sukari da aka kara don inganta dandano. Wasu bambance-bambance sun haɗa da ƙara ruwan fure don bayanin ƙanshi mai ƙanshi. Don yin hidima, ana narkar da tamarind syrup tare da ruwan sanyi kuma an daidaita shi don daɗi kafin a zuba shi a kan kankara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tamr Hindi – Tamarind Drink |url=https://www.thebigsweettooth.com/tamr-hindi-tamer-hindi-tamarind-drink/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=The Big Sweet Tooth}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana iya ƙara ruwan Rose don ɗanɗano abin sha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 Jun 2021 |title=Tamarind Juice |url=https://www.midwestliving.com/recipe/tamarind-juice/ |access-date=13 August 2025 |website=Midwest Living |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shahara ==
Daidaitawar Tamr Hindi na zaki da tsananin ya sa ya zama abin da ake amfani da shi a cikin gidajen Masar, musamman a lokacin zafi da lokutan biki kamar Ramadan.&lt;ref name=&quot;epicurious&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tamer Hindi (Tamarind Beverage) |url=https://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/tamer-hindi-tamarind-beverage |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Epicurious}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamar sauran abinci na Ramadan, Yaƙin basasar Siriya ya sa shahararren tamr hindi ya sa ya ragu a Siriya saboda Tasirin tattalin arziki yaƙin, wasu masu siyarwa sun watsar da sukari daga abin sha saboda ba za su iya saya ba.

Ana ba da abin sha a al'ada daga kwalban tagulla mai ban sha'awa.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Ruwan Tamarind
* Tamarindo (sha) 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Tamr hindi''' ( Arabic         ) wani abin sha ne da ake sha a [[Misra|Masar]] kuma Levant ne da aka yi da [[Tsamiya|tamarind]], ruwa, da [[sukari]] . Yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi da ɗanɗano kuma yana da shahara musamman a lokacin Ramadan, yana ba da abin sha mai daɗi bayan [[Azumi a Musulunci|azumi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;epicurious&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tamer Hindi (Tamarind Beverage) |url=https://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/tamer-hindi-tamarind-beverage |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Epicurious}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen ==
[[Fayil:بائع_التمر_هندي.jpg|left|thumb|244x244px|Wani mai siyar da harshen Tamil Hindi a kan titunan [[Damascus|Dimashƙu]]]]
Ana shirya tamr hindi na Masar ta hanyar tsoma tamarind a cikin ruwa har sai ya taushi, yana ba shi damar fitar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Ana sa'an nan kuma a yi amfani da tamarind mai laushi, kuma ana iya maimaita wannan tsari sau da yawa don cire dandano mai yawa. Bayan an matsa shi, ana ƙara sukari kuma an girgiza shi har sai an narke shi. Ana sanyaya abin sha kuma a ba da shi a kan kankara, wani lokacin tare da taɓawa da ruwan fure don ƙanshi.

A wata hanya ta daban, ana tafasa tamarind a cikin ruwa har sai ya taushi, sannan ya yi tsami, tare da ƙarin ruwa da sukari da aka kara don inganta dandano. Wasu bambance-bambance sun haɗa da ƙara ruwan fure don bayanin ƙanshi mai ƙanshi. Don yin hidima, ana narkar da tamarind syrup tare da ruwan sanyi kuma an daidaita shi don daɗi kafin a zuba shi a kan kankara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tamr Hindi – Tamarind Drink |url=https://www.thebigsweettooth.com/tamr-hindi-tamer-hindi-tamarind-drink/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=The Big Sweet Tooth}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana iya ƙara ruwan Rose don ɗanɗano abin sha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 Jun 2021 |title=Tamarind Juice |url=https://www.midwestliving.com/recipe/tamarind-juice/ |access-date=13 August 2025 |website=Midwest Living |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shahara ==
Daidaitawar Tamr Hindi na zaki da tsananin ya sa ya zama abin da ake amfani da shi a cikin gidajen Masar, musamman a lokacin zafi da lokutan biki kamar Ramadan.&lt;ref name=&quot;epicurious&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tamer Hindi (Tamarind Beverage) |url=https://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/tamer-hindi-tamarind-beverage |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Epicurious}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamar sauran abinci na Ramadan, Yaƙin basasar Siriya ya sa shahararren tamr hindi ya sa ya ragu a Siriya saboda Tasirin tattalin arziki yaƙin, wasu masu siyarwa sun watsar da sukari daga abin sha saboda ba za su iya saya ba.

Ana ba da abin sha a al'ada daga kwalban tagulla mai ban sha'awa.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Ruwan Tamarind
* Tamarindo (sha) 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tamriyeh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148982</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829172</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:31:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350951987|Tamriyeh]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Tamriyeh''' (Arabic) abu ne mai zaki da aka yi ta hanyar rufe cream cike da fil gurasar sannan a dafa shi, ya shahara a cikin Abincin Levantine da na Masar.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;التمرية&quot;..&quot;حلوى الفقراء&quot; في شتاء طولكرم&quot; [&quot;Tamriya&quot; (date-filled pastry), &quot;the poor man's sweet&quot; in Tulkarm winter]. Wattan News Agency (in Arabic). 11 Jan 2017. Archived from the original on 5 November 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen ==
Ana yin Tamriyeh ta hanyar shimfiɗa gurasar da ta yi tsayi sosai, sannan a yanke shi zuwa ƙananan murabba'i, waɗanda ake amfani da su don cika cikawa. Cika shi yawanci mastic-flavored semolina pudding, an rufe shi da sukari mai laushi na pistachio ko qatir syrup.

== Tarihi ==
Ana jayayya da ainihin asalin tamriyeh.

Masanin Gabas na Jamus Gustaf Dalman na 1935 {{Lang|de|Arbeit und Sitte in Palaestina}} (&quot;Aiki da al'adu a Falasdinu&quot;) ya bayyana wani kayan zaki da ake kira ''Timriye'' da aka yi ta hanyar tafasa semolina da sukari, yanka pudding ɗin da ya haifar a cikin murabba'i, yana kewaye da shi da gurasar da ba a yisti ba, sannan a dafa shi cikin Man sésame.

An yi imanin cewa tamriyeh ya bazu daga Nablus a [[Gaɓar Yamma|Yammacin Kogin]] zuwa Port Said a Misira bayan mazaunan [[Suez canal|Suez Canal]] inda suka yi gudun hijira a lokacin Yaƙin Kwanaki shida na 1967. 

== Magana ==
Sunan ''tamriyeh'' yana nufin &quot;an yi shi da kwanakin&quot;, duk da gaskiyar cewa wasu nau'ikan kayan zaki ba su da kwanakin, asalin wannan sunan ba a sani ba.

Ana amfani da sunan ''tamriyeh'' don komawa ga kayan zaki masu cike da kwanan wata, kamar ''makrouta'' . 

Littattafan da aka ambaci masu siyar da donuts da ake kira ''tamriyeh'' a Lebanon sun koma aƙalla 1956. 

=== Misira ===
Tamriyeh kuma muhimmiyar mahimmanci ce ta Port Said, Misira,  ana zaton ya bayyana a can a karni na 20. 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829174</id>
      <parentid>829172</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:31:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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      <origin>829174</origin>
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'''Tamriyeh''' (Arabic) abu ne mai zaki da aka yi ta hanyar rufe cream cike da fil gurasar sannan a dafa shi, ya shahara a cikin Abincin Levantine da na Masar.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;التمرية&quot;..&quot;حلوى الفقراء&quot; في شتاء طولكرم&quot; [&quot;Tamriya&quot; (date-filled pastry), &quot;the poor man's sweet&quot; in Tulkarm winter]. Wattan News Agency (in Arabic). 11 Jan 2017. Archived from the original on 5 November 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen ==
Ana yin Tamriyeh ta hanyar shimfiɗa gurasar da ta yi tsayi sosai, sannan a yanke shi zuwa ƙananan murabba'i, waɗanda ake amfani da su don cika cikawa. Cika shi yawanci mastic-flavored semolina pudding, an rufe shi da sukari mai laushi na pistachio ko qatir syrup.

== Tarihi ==
Ana jayayya da ainihin asalin tamriyeh.

Masanin Gabas na Jamus Gustaf Dalman na 1935 {{Lang|de|Arbeit und Sitte in Palaestina}} (&quot;Aiki da al'adu a Falasdinu&quot;) ya bayyana wani kayan zaki da ake kira ''Timriye'' da aka yi ta hanyar tafasa semolina da sukari, yanka pudding ɗin da ya haifar a cikin murabba'i, yana kewaye da shi da gurasar da ba a yisti ba, sannan a dafa shi cikin Man sésame.

An yi imanin cewa tamriyeh ya bazu daga Nablus a [[Gaɓar Yamma|Yammacin Kogin]] zuwa Port Said a Misira bayan mazaunan [[Suez canal|Suez Canal]] inda suka yi gudun hijira a lokacin Yaƙin Kwanaki shida na 1967. 

== Magana ==
Sunan ''tamriyeh'' yana nufin &quot;an yi shi da kwanakin&quot;, duk da gaskiyar cewa wasu nau'ikan kayan zaki ba su da kwanakin, asalin wannan sunan ba a sani ba.

Ana amfani da sunan ''tamriyeh'' don komawa ga kayan zaki masu cike da kwanan wata, kamar ''makrouta'' . 

Littattafan da aka ambaci masu siyar da donuts da ake kira ''tamriyeh'' a Lebanon sun koma aƙalla 1956. 

=== Misira ===
Tamriyeh kuma muhimmiyar mahimmanci ce ta Port Said, Misira,  ana zaton ya bayyana a can a karni na 20. 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Torshi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148983</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829175</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:32:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352143098|Torshi]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1961" sha1="4tuc8bcshuidawo7rzzdhfsgqz1ohy0" xml:space="preserve">'''Torshi''', '''tursu''' ko '''turshi''' ( Persian         ) su ne kayan lambu da aka yayyanka a cikin yawancin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya, Caucasian, Slavic da Balkan .

Torshi ya zama ruwan dare a cikin abincin Larabawa, Turkiyya, Assuriya, Kurdawa, Afghanistan, Balkans, Slavic, Armeniya, da Dan Iran. 

[[Iran]] tana da daruruwan nau'ikan torshi, bisa ga al'adun yanki da abubuwan da suka faru daban-daban. A wasu iyalai, babu wani abinci da aka ɗauka cikakke ba tare da kwanon torshi a kan teburin ba. 

''Toursi'' abinci ne na gargajiya (''Meze'') don tafiya tare da arak, rakı, ouzo, oghi, tsipouro, da rakia. A wasu yankuna, musamman a Turkiyya (turşu suyu), ruwan 'ya'yan itace ko ruwan torshi sanannen abin sha ne.

A cikin abinci na [[Armeniya|Armenia]] da Armeniya, ana kiransa t'tu (Armenian) sau da yawa ana cinye shi azaman abinci. Abincin da aka yi amfani da shi don yin kwalliya sun haɗa da kabewa, cucumber, [[Tumatir|Tumar]], carrot, cauliflower, beetroot, eggplant, bell pepper, [[tafarnuwa]], [[albasa]] da turnip, sau da yawa ana kiyaye su a cikin saline ko vinegar kuma an haɗa su da tafarnuwa. Ana ba da shi tare da sauran kayan abinci na Armeniya kamar tikitin, lavash, aboukh / basturma, sujukh da Matsoon, yayin da kuma ana amfani dashi kwai-''Kai ka'' cikin murfin kamar brduch.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pickled Veggies – Armenian Cuisine – Խառը Թթու |url=https://heghineh.com/pickled-veggies/ |website=Heghineh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sunan ==
Kalmar ''{{Transl|fa|torsh}}'' (Persian) an samo ta ne daga harshen [[Farisawa|Farisa]] 'sour' (Persian). Wannan kalmar Farisa an aro ta da ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin harsuna da yawa: Kurdish {{Lang|ku|ترشى}} Tirşîn, tir July, trshin; Turkiyya da Azerbaijani {{Lang|tr|turşu}}; Girkanci: ,  toursí; Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian ''turšija'' / turшија /  turshiya; Albanian: turshi; Judeo-Spanish {{Lang|tr|trushí}}.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Torshi''', '''tursu''' ko '''turshi''' ( Persian         ) su ne kayan lambu da aka yayyanka a cikin yawancin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya, Caucasian, Slavic da Balkan .

Torshi ya zama ruwan dare a cikin abincin Larabawa, Turkiyya, Assuriya, Kurdawa, Afghanistan, Balkans, Slavic, Armeniya, da Dan Iran. 

[[Iran]] tana da daruruwan nau'ikan torshi, bisa ga al'adun yanki da abubuwan da suka faru daban-daban. A wasu iyalai, babu wani abinci da aka ɗauka cikakke ba tare da kwanon torshi a kan teburin ba. 

''Toursi'' abinci ne na gargajiya (''Meze'') don tafiya tare da arak, rakı, ouzo, oghi, tsipouro, da rakia. A wasu yankuna, musamman a Turkiyya (turşu suyu), ruwan 'ya'yan itace ko ruwan torshi sanannen abin sha ne.

A cikin abinci na [[Armeniya|Armenia]] da Armeniya, ana kiransa t'tu (Armenian) sau da yawa ana cinye shi azaman abinci. Abincin da aka yi amfani da shi don yin kwalliya sun haɗa da kabewa, cucumber, [[Tumatir|Tumar]], carrot, cauliflower, beetroot, eggplant, bell pepper, [[tafarnuwa]], [[albasa]] da turnip, sau da yawa ana kiyaye su a cikin saline ko vinegar kuma an haɗa su da tafarnuwa. Ana ba da shi tare da sauran kayan abinci na Armeniya kamar tikitin, lavash, aboukh / basturma, sujukh da Matsoon, yayin da kuma ana amfani dashi kwai-''Kai ka'' cikin murfin kamar brduch.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pickled Veggies – Armenian Cuisine – Խառը Թթու |url=https://heghineh.com/pickled-veggies/ |website=Heghineh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sunan ==
Kalmar ''{{Transl|fa|torsh}}'' (Persian) an samo ta ne daga harshen [[Farisawa|Farisa]] 'sour' (Persian). Wannan kalmar Farisa an aro ta da ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin harsuna da yawa: Kurdish {{Lang|ku|ترشى}} Tirşîn, tir July, trshin; Turkiyya da Azerbaijani {{Lang|tr|turşu}}; Girkanci: ,  toursí; Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian ''turšija'' / turшија /  turshiya; Albanian: turshi; Judeo-Spanish {{Lang|tr|trushí}}.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Zalabiyeh</title>
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'''Zalabiyeh''' (Arabic) fritter ne ko doughnut da aka samu a cikin abinci da yawa a duk faɗin Duniyar Larabawa, [[Yammacin Asiya]] da wasu sassan Turai da tsohon ya rinjayi. An yi fasalin fritter daga ɗanɗano mai laushi na gari wanda aka zuba cikin mai mai zafi kuma an dafa shi sosai. Kayan girke-girke na farko da aka sani don abincin ya fito ne daga littafin [[Fritter|dafa abinci]] na Larabci na ƙarni na 10 kuma an fara shi ne ta hanyar zuba mai niƙa ta hanyar kwayar kwakwa. Zalabiyeh ya bambanta da [[lokma]] saboda an yi shi ne daga batter maimakon yisti, kodayake ana amfani da sunayen a wasu lokuta.  

== Tarihi ==
Girke-girken da aka fi sani da ''zalabiya'' sun fito ne daga littafin girke-girke na Larabci na ƙarni na 10 ''Kitab al-Tabikh'' .   Littafin ya ba da girke-girke ga waɗanda ba su da lattice da lattice ( ''zalabiya mushabbaka'', Arabic   ) nau'ikan kayan zaki.  &lt;ref name=&quot;nasrallah2007&quot; /&gt; A lokacin, ana tsammanin zalabiyeh a matsayin mai sha'awar motsa jiki .  A cikin tsohon littafin Al-Baghdadi na girke-girke na Larabawa; an zuba kullu ta cikin harsashin kwakwa. Wannan salon fritter yayi kama da [[Abincin Jalebi|jelabi]] na Indiya da kuma girke-girke na ƙarni na 16 daga abincin Jamus don ''strauben'' da aka yi ta amfani da mazurari. 

=== Asalin da aka sani na farko ===
A cewar 2 Sama'ila 13:8-10 'yar [[Dauda|Sarki Dauda]] ta shirya fritters (Ibraniyawa: לְבִיבוֹת) ga ɗan'uwanta Amnon . &lt;ref name=&quot;Qafih1982&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Yosef Qafih}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarni na 2 AZ, sunan mai dafa abinci ya ɗauki sunan ''sutfğenīn'' (Ibraniyawa: סוּפְגְּנִין) a cikin Ibrananci na Mishnaic, kalma da aka samo daga siffar sa mai kama da soso tare da ramukan alveolar.

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'''Zalabiyeh''' (Arabic) fritter ne ko doughnut da aka samu a cikin abinci da yawa a duk faɗin Duniyar Larabawa, [[Yammacin Asiya]] da wasu sassan Turai da tsohon ya rinjayi. An yi fasalin fritter daga ɗanɗano mai laushi na gari wanda aka zuba cikin mai mai zafi kuma an dafa shi sosai. Kayan girke-girke na farko da aka sani don abincin ya fito ne daga littafin [[Fritter|dafa abinci]] na Larabci na ƙarni na 10 kuma an fara shi ne ta hanyar zuba mai niƙa ta hanyar kwayar kwakwa. Zalabiyeh ya bambanta da [[lokma]] saboda an yi shi ne daga batter maimakon yisti, kodayake ana amfani da sunayen a wasu lokuta.  

== Tarihi ==
Girke-girken da aka fi sani da ''zalabiya'' sun fito ne daga littafin girke-girke na Larabci na ƙarni na 10 ''Kitab al-Tabikh'' .   Littafin ya ba da girke-girke ga waɗanda ba su da lattice da lattice ( ''zalabiya mushabbaka'', Arabic   ) nau'ikan kayan zaki.  &lt;ref name=&quot;nasrallah2007&quot; /&gt; A lokacin, ana tsammanin zalabiyeh a matsayin mai sha'awar motsa jiki .  A cikin tsohon littafin Al-Baghdadi na girke-girke na Larabawa; an zuba kullu ta cikin harsashin kwakwa. Wannan salon fritter yayi kama da [[Abincin Jalebi|jelabi]] na Indiya da kuma girke-girke na ƙarni na 16 daga abincin Jamus don ''strauben'' da aka yi ta amfani da mazurari. 

=== Asalin da aka sani na farko ===
A cewar 2 Sama'ila 13:8-10 'yar [[Dauda|Sarki Dauda]] ta shirya fritters (Ibraniyawa: לְבִיבוֹת) ga ɗan'uwanta Amnon . &lt;ref name=&quot;Qafih1982&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Yosef Qafih}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarni na 2 AZ, sunan mai dafa abinci ya ɗauki sunan ''sutfğenīn'' (Ibraniyawa: סוּפְגְּנִין) a cikin Ibrananci na Mishnaic, kalma da aka samo daga siffar sa mai kama da soso tare da ramukan alveolar.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Ugali</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350518615|Ugali]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Ugali''', wanda aka fi sani da '''posho''', '''nsima''', '''papa''', '''pap''', '''mogobe''', '''sadza''', '''isitshwala''', '''akume''', '''amawe''', '''ewokple''', '''akle''', da sauran sunaye, wani nau'in [[Masara|abincin masara]] ne da aka yi daga masara ko masara ko garin &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwGA&quot;&gt;mahindi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; a ƙasashe da dama na Afirka: [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]], [[Lesotho]], [[Eswatini]], [[Angola]], [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], [[Malawi]], [[Botswana]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]], kuma a Yammacin Afirka ta ' yan tumaki na [[Togo]], [[Ghana]], [[Benin]], [[Najeriya]] da [[Ivory Coast]] .  Ana dafa shi da ruwan zãfi ko [[madara]] har sai ya kai ga daidaiton kullu mai tauri ko mai tauri.   A shekarar 2017, an ƙara abincin a cikin Jerin Wakilan UNESCO na Gadon Al'adu na Bil Adama, ɗaya daga cikin wasu abinci da ke cikin jerin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UNESCO - Nsima, culinary tradition of Malawi |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/lists |access-date=2021-06-26 |website=ich.unesco.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sunaye ==
[[Fayil:Ugali_with_beef_and_sauce.JPG|thumb|Ugali da naman sa da miya]]
Ana cin wannan abincin a ko'ina cikin Afirka, inda yake da sunaye daban-daban na gida:
{{Columns-list|* ''Agidi'' – [[Igbo people|Igbo]], [[Nigeria]]
* ''Akple'' – [[Ewe people|Ewe]], ''Akumè'' – [[Gen language|Mina]] – [[Togolese Republic|Togo]]
* ''Aseeda'' – Sudan
* ''Akawunga''- Uganda
* ''Busuma'' [Bukusu] – Kenya
* ''Bando'' – [[Soga people|Soga]], Uganda
* ''Bidia'' – [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DR Congo]]{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}
* ''Bugali'' – [[Burundi]], DR Congo, [[Sudan]], [[South Sudan]], [[Rwanda]]
* ''Bogobe/Bušwa'' – [[BaPedi]]
* ''Buhobe'' – [[Lozi people|Lozi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.hungerforculture.com/?page_id=591|title=Nshima and Ndiwo: Zambian Staple Food|last=Tembo|first=Mwizenge S.|website=Hunger For Culture|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224091611/http://www.hungerforculture.com/?page_id=591|archive-date=24 February 2017|access-date=2018-02-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Buru'' – [[Kenya]], [[Luo people (Kenya)|Luo]]
* ''Busima'' – [[Bagisu]], [[Uganda]]
* ''Chenge'' –  Kenya, Luo
* ''Chima'' – [[Mozambique]]
* ''Couscous de Cameroon'' – [[Cameroon]]
* ''Dona''
* ''Fitah'' – Sudan, South Sudan, Congo
* ''Kabato'' – Ivory Coast
* ''Fufu'' – Sierra Leone, [[Nigeria]]
* ''Funge de milho'' – Angola (northern)
* ''Isitshwala'' – [[Northern Ndebele people|Ndebele(Matabele)]]
* ''Isishwala'' – South Africa, [[Bhaca people]]
* ''Kawunga'' – [[Ganda people|Ganda]], Uganda
* ''Kimnyet'' – [[Kalenjin people|Kalenjin]], Kenya
* ''Kuon'' – [[Kenya]], [[Luo people (Kenya)|Luo]]
* ''Kwen wunga'' – [[Alur language|Alur]], [[Uganda]]
*''La boule'' - [[Chad]]
* ''Lipalishi'' – Eswatini
* ''Mdoko'' – [[Zulu people|Zulu]], [[South Africa]]
* ''Mieliepap – ''[[Lesotho]]'',{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}'' [[South Africa]]''{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Mealiepap, n.&quot; Dictionary of South African English. Dictionary Unit for South African English, 2018.[https://www.dsae.co.za/entry/mealiepap/e04658] 25 February 2019&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Mogo'' –  Kenya, Luo
* ''Moteke'' – DR Congo{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}
* ''Mutuku'' – South Africa{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}
* ''Nfundi'' – [[Republic of the Congo|Congo]]{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}
* ''Ngima'' – [[Kamba people|Kamba]], [[Kikuyu people|Kikuyu]], [[Embu people|Embu]], Kenya 
* ''Nkima'' – Kenya, [[Meru people|Meru]]
* ''Nshima'' – DR Congo Kasai region, Zambia&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-16 |title=Kitwe man confesses to killing colleague over nshima after 2 years of guilt |url=https://diggers.news/local/2024/11/16/kitwe-man-confesses-to-killing-colleague-over-nshima-after-2-years-of-guilt/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=Zambia: News Diggers! |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Nsima'' – Malawi,{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} Zambia{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}
* ''Obokima'' – Kenya, [[Kisii people|Kisii]]
* ''Obusuma'' – Kenya, [[Nyole tribe (Luhya)|Nyole tribe]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kenya-information-guide.com/|title=Kenya Information Guide Home page|access-date=24 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Eko'' – Nigeria, Yoruba
* ''Oshifima'' – Namibia [[Ovambo people|Ovambo]]
* ''Phaletšhe'' – [[Botswana]], [[Namibia]], [[South Africa]] (Setswana)
* ''Pap'' – Botswana, Namibia, South Africa&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Pap, n.&quot; Dictionary of South African English. Dictionary Unit for South African English, 2018. [https://www.dsae.co.za/entry/pap/e05513] 25 February 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Papa/Bogobe'' – Lesotho,{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} [[South Africa]]{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}
* ''Pâte or Wô'' [French] – Togo, Benin
* ''Phuthu/phalishi'' – Zulu people, South Africa&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Putu, n.&quot; Dictionary of South African English. Dictionary Unit for South African English, 2018.[https://www.dsae.co.za/entry/putu/e05805] 25 February 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Pirão'' – Angola (southern)
* ''Posho'' – [[Uganda]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wattpad.com/115799426-ugandan-food-recipes-posho-ugali|title=Ugandan food recipes - POSHO (UGALI) – Wattpad|website=www.wattpad.com|access-date=2018-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Saab'' – [[Ghana]], [[Kusasi people|Kusasi]]
* ''Sadza'' – [[Shona people|Shona]]{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sadza, n.&quot; Dictionary of South African English. Dictionary Unit for South African English, 2018. [https://www.dsae.co.za/entry/sadza/e06177] 25 February 2019&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Sakora'' – Nigeria
* ''Sakoro'' – Ghana
* ''Sembe'' – Tanzania, Kenya slang
* ''Shadza'' – [[kalanga people|Kalanga]]
* ''Shima''
* ''Shishima'' – Zambia
* ''Sima'' – Kenya, Chewa,&lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/hosted/chewa/|title=The Chewa|last=Gough|first=Amy|date=2004|publisher=The Peoples of The World Foundation|access-date=18 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tumbuka people|Tumbuka]], and [[Ngoni people|Ngoni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* ''Soor'' – [[Somalia]],{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} [[Zambia]]{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}
* ''Tuozafi'' (or ''T.Z.'') – Ghana
* ''Tuwo'' – Hausa, Nigeria
* ''Ubugali'' – Rwanda
* ''Ubwali'' – [[Bemba people|Bemba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* ''Ugali'' – Kenya,{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} Malawi, Mozambique, [[Tanzania]],{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} Uganda,{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} [[Yao people (East Africa)|Yao]], Swahili
* ''Um'ratha'' –  Ndebele people, South Africa
* ''Upswa'' – Mozambique{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}
* ''Bohobe'' – Sotho, South Africa, Lesotho
* ''Vhuswa'' – [[Venda people]], South Africa
* ''Vuswa'' – Tsonga people, South Africa
* ''Wari'' – Mijikenda tribes, Kenyan Coast
* ''Xima'' – Mozambique{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}}}

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Kalmar ''ugali'' kalma ce ta [[Harsunan Afrika|Afirka]] da aka samo daga [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]] ; kuma an san ta da suna ''nsima'' a cikin harsunan Malawi kamar [[Yaren Chewa|Chichewa]] da [[Harshen Tumbuka|Chitumbuka]] . A wasu sassan [[Kenya]], abincin kuma ana kiransa da sunan ''sembe ko ugali'' . A Zimbabwe ana kiransa sadza a cikin Chishona ko isitshwala a cikin Ndebele  Sunan [[Afrikaans|Afirka]] {{Lang|af|(mielie) pap}} ya fito ne daga Yaren mutanen Holland, wanda kalmar ke nufin &quot;(masara) porridge &quot;.

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Night_ugali.jpg|thumb|Matan Yawo suna shirya ugali don babban taro]]
An gabatar da Ugali a Afirka jim kaɗan bayan da Turawan Portugal suka gabatar da masara. An gabatar da masara zuwa Afirka daga Amurka tsakanin ƙarni na 16 da 17. Kafin wannan, [[Sorghum|dawa]] da [[gero]] sune manyan [[Siril|hatsi]] a yawancin [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|ƙasashen kudu da hamadar Sahara]] . Manoma na Afirka sun karɓi masara cikin sauƙi saboda [[Noma|noman]] ta yayi kama da na dawa amma tare da yawan amfanin gona mai yawa. Daga ƙarshe, masara ta maye gurbin dawa a matsayin babban hatsi a duk yankuna banda busassun yankuna. An maye gurbin waɗannan amfanin gona da masara gaba ɗaya a ƙarshen rabin ƙarni na 20. {{Sfn|McCann|2009}} A Malawi, suna da karin magana &quot; ''chimanga ndi moyo'' &quot; wanda ke fassara zuwa &quot;masara ita ce rai&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Food &amp; Daily life |url=http://www.our-africa.org/malawi/food-daily-life |access-date=7 May 2015 |website=Our Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har yanzu ana yin Nshima/nsima wani lokacin daga garin dawa duk da cewa ba kasafai ake samun wannan ba. [[Rogo]], wanda aka gabatar daga Amurka, ana iya amfani da shi don yin nshima/nsima, ko dai kawai ko a haɗa shi da garin masara. A Malawi nsima da aka yi da rogo (chinangwa) yana nan a yankunan bakin teku; duk da haka, idan girbin masara bai yi kyau ba, ana iya samun rogo nsima a ko'ina cikin ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Emma Kambewa |date=November 2010 |title=Cassava Commercialization in Malawi |url=http://fsg.afre.msu.edu/papers/idwp109.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304220837/http://fsg.afre.msu.edu/papers/idwp109.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |type=MSU International Development Working Paper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nau'o'i ==

=== Manyan Tafkunan Afirka ===
Ana ba da Ugali (idan aka dafa shi a matsayin porridge, ana kiransa uji) tare da dankali mai zaki, ayaba mai cikakke, dankalin Irish har ma da burodi. Yawanci ana ba da ugali mai tauri tare da kayan lambu na gargajiya, stew ko sukuma wiki (wanda kuma aka sani da ganyen collard). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ugali &amp; Sukuma Wiki |url=https://www.rehemahome.org/ugali-sukuma-wiki |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=Rehema Home |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce sitaci mafi yawan abinci da ake samu a cikin abincin gida na yankin Manyan Tafkunan Afirka da [[Kudancin Afirka]] . Idan aka yi ugali daga wani sitaci, yawanci ana ba shi takamaiman suna na yanki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-07-15 |title=HOW TO COOK THE PERFECT UGALI / Nairobi Kitchen |url=https://nairobikitchen.blogspot.com/2017/07/how-to-cook-perfect-ugali.html |access-date=2020-05-19 |website=HOW TO COOK THE PERFECT UGALI / Nairobi Kitchen}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyar gargajiya ta cin ugali (kuma mafi yawanta a yankunan karkara) ita ce a naɗe dunƙule a yi ƙwallo da hannun dama sannan a tsoma shi a cikin miya ko miyar kayan lambu ko nama. Yin ɗigon da babban yatsa yana ba wa ugali damar diba, sannan a naɗe guntun nama don ɗaukar su kamar yadda ake amfani da burodi mai laushi a wasu al'adu. Haka kuma ana iya cin ugali da ya rage da shayi washegari da safe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=App |first=Daily Nation |title=Fancy a piece of ugali cake with your tea? |url=https://mobile.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/Fancy-a-piece-of-ugali-cake-with-your-tea/1950774-2664228-format-xhtml-y2ph15/index.html |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=mobile.nation.co.ke |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ugali yana da araha sosai kuma don haka talakawa suna iya samunsa cikin sauƙi, waɗanda galibi suke haɗa shi da miyar nama ko kayan lambu (misali, sukuma wiki a [[Kenya]] ) don yin abincin cikawa. Ugali yana da sauƙin yi, kuma garin zai iya daɗewa na dogon lokaci a matsakaicin yanayi.

=== Ghana ===
[[Fayil:Tuo_zaafi.jpg|thumb|''Tuo zaafi'']]
[[Fayil:A_woman_stirring_TZ.jpg|thumb|Mace tana jujjuya ''sagtulga'']]
[[Fayil:Tuo_Zaafi_and_ayoyo_soup.jpg|thumb|''Tuo zaafi'' da miyar ''ayoyo'']]
Sagtulga (Dagbani: saɣituliga, Hausa: tuo zaafi ), ko diehuo, babban abinci ne da mutanen Ghana suka fi so. Sagtulga babban abinci ne da ake ci tare da miya kamar miyar okro. Ya fi yawa a yankunan arewacin ƙasar: Arewa, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Yammacin Yamma . Yawanci ana cin abincin ne don abincin dare, amma wasu mutane (misali, manoma da ma'aikatan hannu) suna cin sa don karin kumallo ko abincin rana. Yawanci ana cin sa da ganyen Corchorus olitorius da aka haɗa (Dagbani: salinvogu, Hausa: ayoyo, molokai ) [1] da okro ( Abelmoschus esculentus ) tare da miyar a gefe.

Abincin ya ƙunshi garin masara da aka dafa da ɗan busasshen garin rogo da ruwa ba tare da gishiri ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ayoyo soup and tuo zaafi |url=http://infoboxdaily.com/life/your-food/item/1436-ayoyo-soup-and-tuo-tuo-zaafi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527152001/http://infoboxdaily.com/life/your-food/item/1436-ayoyo-soup-and-tuo-tuo-zaafi |archive-date=2015-05-27 |access-date=2015-05-27 |website=infoboxdaily.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A al'ada, ana yin sa ne da garin [[gero]],  wanda asalinsa asalinsa daga arewacin Ghana ne. 

Ana cin sa ne da miyar kayan lambu kore da aka yi da ganyen ɗaci, ko kuma wani lokacin ganyen rogo da aka niƙa sabo. Ana iya haɗa shi da miya iri-iri, ciki har da miyar okra da miyar gyada.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <text bytes="12650" sha1="bkw2yuqlkjbqe3omuqwh3s07s3ckxla" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Ugali''', wanda aka fi sani da '''posho''', '''nsima''', '''papa''', '''pap''', '''mogobe''', '''sadza''', '''isitshwala''', '''akume''', '''amawe''', '''ewokple''', '''akle''', da sauran sunaye, wani nau'in [[Masara|abincin masara]] ne da aka yi daga masara ko masara ko garin &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwGA&quot;&gt;mahindi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; a ƙasashe da dama na Afirka: [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]], [[Lesotho]], [[Eswatini]], [[Angola]], [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], [[Malawi]], [[Botswana]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]], kuma a Yammacin Afirka ta ' yan tumaki na [[Togo]], [[Ghana]], [[Benin]], [[Najeriya]] da [[Ivory Coast]] .  Ana dafa shi da ruwan zãfi ko [[madara]] har sai ya kai ga daidaiton kullu mai tauri ko mai tauri.   A shekarar 2017, an ƙara abincin a cikin Jerin Wakilan UNESCO na Gadon Al'adu na Bil Adama, ɗaya daga cikin wasu abinci da ke cikin jerin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UNESCO - Nsima, culinary tradition of Malawi |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/lists |access-date=2021-06-26 |website=ich.unesco.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sunaye ==
[[Fayil:Ugali_with_beef_and_sauce.JPG|thumb|Ugali da naman sa da miya]]
Ana cin wannan abincin a ko'ina cikin Afirka, inda yake da sunaye daban-daban na gida:
{{Columns-list|* ''Agidi'' – [[Igbo people|Igbo]], [[Nigeria]]
* ''Akple'' – [[Ewe people|Ewe]], ''Akumè'' – [[Gen language|Mina]] – [[Togolese Republic|Togo]]
* ''Aseeda'' – Sudan
* ''Akawunga''- Uganda
* ''Busuma'' [Bukusu] – Kenya
* ''Bando'' – [[Soga people|Soga]], Uganda
* ''Bidia'' – [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DR Congo]]{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}
* ''Bugali'' – [[Burundi]], DR Congo, [[Sudan]], [[South Sudan]], [[Rwanda]]
* ''Bogobe/Bušwa'' – [[BaPedi]]
* ''Buhobe'' – [[Lozi people|Lozi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.hungerforculture.com/?page_id=591|title=Nshima and Ndiwo: Zambian Staple Food|last=Tembo|first=Mwizenge S.|website=Hunger For Culture|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224091611/http://www.hungerforculture.com/?page_id=591|archive-date=24 February 2017|access-date=2018-02-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Buru'' – [[Kenya]], [[Luo people (Kenya)|Luo]]
* ''Busima'' – [[Bagisu]], [[Uganda]]
* ''Chenge'' –  Kenya, Luo
* ''Chima'' – [[Mozambique]]
* ''Couscous de Cameroon'' – [[Cameroon]]
* ''Dona''
* ''Fitah'' – Sudan, South Sudan, Congo
* ''Kabato'' – Ivory Coast
* ''Fufu'' – Sierra Leone, [[Nigeria]]
* ''Funge de milho'' – Angola (northern)
* ''Isitshwala'' – [[Northern Ndebele people|Ndebele(Matabele)]]
* ''Isishwala'' – South Africa, [[Bhaca people]]
* ''Kawunga'' – [[Ganda people|Ganda]], Uganda
* ''Kimnyet'' – [[Kalenjin people|Kalenjin]], Kenya
* ''Kuon'' – [[Kenya]], [[Luo people (Kenya)|Luo]]
* ''Kwen wunga'' – [[Alur language|Alur]], [[Uganda]]
*''La boule'' - [[Chad]]
* ''Lipalishi'' – Eswatini
* ''Mdoko'' – [[Zulu people|Zulu]], [[South Africa]]
* ''Mieliepap – ''[[Lesotho]]'',{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}'' [[South Africa]]''{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Mealiepap, n.&quot; Dictionary of South African English. Dictionary Unit for South African English, 2018.[https://www.dsae.co.za/entry/mealiepap/e04658] 25 February 2019&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Mogo'' –  Kenya, Luo
* ''Moteke'' – DR Congo{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}
* ''Mutuku'' – South Africa{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}
* ''Nfundi'' – [[Republic of the Congo|Congo]]{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}
* ''Ngima'' – [[Kamba people|Kamba]], [[Kikuyu people|Kikuyu]], [[Embu people|Embu]], Kenya 
* ''Nkima'' – Kenya, [[Meru people|Meru]]
* ''Nshima'' – DR Congo Kasai region, Zambia&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-16 |title=Kitwe man confesses to killing colleague over nshima after 2 years of guilt |url=https://diggers.news/local/2024/11/16/kitwe-man-confesses-to-killing-colleague-over-nshima-after-2-years-of-guilt/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=Zambia: News Diggers! |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Nsima'' – Malawi,{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} Zambia{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}
* ''Obokima'' – Kenya, [[Kisii people|Kisii]]
* ''Obusuma'' – Kenya, [[Nyole tribe (Luhya)|Nyole tribe]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kenya-information-guide.com/|title=Kenya Information Guide Home page|access-date=24 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Eko'' – Nigeria, Yoruba
* ''Oshifima'' – Namibia [[Ovambo people|Ovambo]]
* ''Phaletšhe'' – [[Botswana]], [[Namibia]], [[South Africa]] (Setswana)
* ''Pap'' – Botswana, Namibia, South Africa&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Pap, n.&quot; Dictionary of South African English. Dictionary Unit for South African English, 2018. [https://www.dsae.co.za/entry/pap/e05513] 25 February 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Papa/Bogobe'' – Lesotho,{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} [[South Africa]]{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}
* ''Pâte or Wô'' [French] – Togo, Benin
* ''Phuthu/phalishi'' – Zulu people, South Africa&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Putu, n.&quot; Dictionary of South African English. Dictionary Unit for South African English, 2018.[https://www.dsae.co.za/entry/putu/e05805] 25 February 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Pirão'' – Angola (southern)
* ''Posho'' – [[Uganda]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wattpad.com/115799426-ugandan-food-recipes-posho-ugali|title=Ugandan food recipes - POSHO (UGALI) – Wattpad|website=www.wattpad.com|access-date=2018-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Saab'' – [[Ghana]], [[Kusasi people|Kusasi]]
* ''Sadza'' – [[Shona people|Shona]]{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sadza, n.&quot; Dictionary of South African English. Dictionary Unit for South African English, 2018. [https://www.dsae.co.za/entry/sadza/e06177] 25 February 2019&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Sakora'' – Nigeria
* ''Sakoro'' – Ghana
* ''Sembe'' – Tanzania, Kenya slang
* ''Shadza'' – [[kalanga people|Kalanga]]
* ''Shima''
* ''Shishima'' – Zambia
* ''Sima'' – Kenya, Chewa,&lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/hosted/chewa/|title=The Chewa|last=Gough|first=Amy|date=2004|publisher=The Peoples of The World Foundation|access-date=18 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tumbuka people|Tumbuka]], and [[Ngoni people|Ngoni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* ''Soor'' – [[Somalia]],{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} [[Zambia]]{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}
* ''Tuozafi'' (or ''T.Z.'') – Ghana
* ''Tuwo'' – Hausa, Nigeria
* ''Ubugali'' – Rwanda
* ''Ubwali'' – [[Bemba people|Bemba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* ''Ugali'' – Kenya,{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} Malawi, Mozambique, [[Tanzania]],{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} Uganda,{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} [[Yao people (East Africa)|Yao]], Swahili
* ''Um'ratha'' –  Ndebele people, South Africa
* ''Upswa'' – Mozambique{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}
* ''Bohobe'' – Sotho, South Africa, Lesotho
* ''Vhuswa'' – [[Venda people]], South Africa
* ''Vuswa'' – Tsonga people, South Africa
* ''Wari'' – Mijikenda tribes, Kenyan Coast
* ''Xima'' – Mozambique{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}}}

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
Kalmar ''ugali'' kalma ce ta [[Harsunan Afrika|Afirka]] da aka samo daga [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]] ; kuma an san ta da suna ''nsima'' a cikin harsunan Malawi kamar [[Yaren Chewa|Chichewa]] da [[Harshen Tumbuka|Chitumbuka]] . A wasu sassan [[Kenya]], abincin kuma ana kiransa da sunan ''sembe ko ugali'' . A Zimbabwe ana kiransa sadza a cikin Chishona ko isitshwala a cikin Ndebele  Sunan [[Afrikaans|Afirka]] {{Lang|af|(mielie) pap}} ya fito ne daga Yaren mutanen Holland, wanda kalmar ke nufin &quot;(masara) porridge &quot;.

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Night_ugali.jpg|thumb|Matan Yawo suna shirya ugali don babban taro]]
An gabatar da Ugali a Afirka jim kaɗan bayan da Turawan Portugal suka gabatar da masara. An gabatar da masara zuwa Afirka daga Amurka tsakanin ƙarni na 16 da 17. Kafin wannan, [[Sorghum|dawa]] da [[gero]] sune manyan [[Siril|hatsi]] a yawancin [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|ƙasashen kudu da hamadar Sahara]] . Manoma na Afirka sun karɓi masara cikin sauƙi saboda [[Noma|noman]] ta yayi kama da na dawa amma tare da yawan amfanin gona mai yawa. Daga ƙarshe, masara ta maye gurbin dawa a matsayin babban hatsi a duk yankuna banda busassun yankuna. An maye gurbin waɗannan amfanin gona da masara gaba ɗaya a ƙarshen rabin ƙarni na 20. {{Sfn|McCann|2009}} A Malawi, suna da karin magana &quot; ''chimanga ndi moyo'' &quot; wanda ke fassara zuwa &quot;masara ita ce rai&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Food &amp; Daily life |url=http://www.our-africa.org/malawi/food-daily-life |access-date=7 May 2015 |website=Our Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har yanzu ana yin Nshima/nsima wani lokacin daga garin dawa duk da cewa ba kasafai ake samun wannan ba. [[Rogo]], wanda aka gabatar daga Amurka, ana iya amfani da shi don yin nshima/nsima, ko dai kawai ko a haɗa shi da garin masara. A Malawi nsima da aka yi da rogo (chinangwa) yana nan a yankunan bakin teku; duk da haka, idan girbin masara bai yi kyau ba, ana iya samun rogo nsima a ko'ina cikin ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Emma Kambewa |date=November 2010 |title=Cassava Commercialization in Malawi |url=http://fsg.afre.msu.edu/papers/idwp109.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304220837/http://fsg.afre.msu.edu/papers/idwp109.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |type=MSU International Development Working Paper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nau'o'i ==

=== Manyan Tafkunan Afirka ===
Ana ba da Ugali (idan aka dafa shi a matsayin porridge, ana kiransa uji) tare da dankali mai zaki, ayaba mai cikakke, dankalin Irish har ma da burodi. Yawanci ana ba da ugali mai tauri tare da kayan lambu na gargajiya, stew ko sukuma wiki (wanda kuma aka sani da ganyen collard). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ugali &amp; Sukuma Wiki |url=https://www.rehemahome.org/ugali-sukuma-wiki |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=Rehema Home |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce sitaci mafi yawan abinci da ake samu a cikin abincin gida na yankin Manyan Tafkunan Afirka da [[Kudancin Afirka]] . Idan aka yi ugali daga wani sitaci, yawanci ana ba shi takamaiman suna na yanki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-07-15 |title=HOW TO COOK THE PERFECT UGALI / Nairobi Kitchen |url=https://nairobikitchen.blogspot.com/2017/07/how-to-cook-perfect-ugali.html |access-date=2020-05-19 |website=HOW TO COOK THE PERFECT UGALI / Nairobi Kitchen}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyar gargajiya ta cin ugali (kuma mafi yawanta a yankunan karkara) ita ce a naɗe dunƙule a yi ƙwallo da hannun dama sannan a tsoma shi a cikin miya ko miyar kayan lambu ko nama. Yin ɗigon da babban yatsa yana ba wa ugali damar diba, sannan a naɗe guntun nama don ɗaukar su kamar yadda ake amfani da burodi mai laushi a wasu al'adu. Haka kuma ana iya cin ugali da ya rage da shayi washegari da safe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=App |first=Daily Nation |title=Fancy a piece of ugali cake with your tea? |url=https://mobile.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/Fancy-a-piece-of-ugali-cake-with-your-tea/1950774-2664228-format-xhtml-y2ph15/index.html |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=mobile.nation.co.ke |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ugali yana da araha sosai kuma don haka talakawa suna iya samunsa cikin sauƙi, waɗanda galibi suke haɗa shi da miyar nama ko kayan lambu (misali, sukuma wiki a [[Kenya]] ) don yin abincin cikawa. Ugali yana da sauƙin yi, kuma garin zai iya daɗewa na dogon lokaci a matsakaicin yanayi.

=== Ghana ===
[[Fayil:Tuo_zaafi.jpg|thumb|''Tuo zaafi'']]
[[Fayil:A_woman_stirring_TZ.jpg|thumb|Mace tana jujjuya ''sagtulga'']]
[[Fayil:Tuo_Zaafi_and_ayoyo_soup.jpg|thumb|''Tuo zaafi'' da miyar ''ayoyo'']]
Sagtulga (Dagbani: saɣituliga, Hausa: tuo zaafi ), ko diehuo, babban abinci ne da mutanen Ghana suka fi so. Sagtulga babban abinci ne da ake ci tare da miya kamar miyar okro. Ya fi yawa a yankunan arewacin ƙasar: Arewa, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Yammacin Yamma . Yawanci ana cin abincin ne don abincin dare, amma wasu mutane (misali, manoma da ma'aikatan hannu) suna cin sa don karin kumallo ko abincin rana. Yawanci ana cin sa da ganyen Corchorus olitorius da aka haɗa (Dagbani: salinvogu, Hausa: ayoyo, molokai ) [1] da okro ( Abelmoschus esculentus ) tare da miyar a gefe.

Abincin ya ƙunshi garin masara da aka dafa da ɗan busasshen garin rogo da ruwa ba tare da gishiri ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ayoyo soup and tuo zaafi |url=http://infoboxdaily.com/life/your-food/item/1436-ayoyo-soup-and-tuo-tuo-zaafi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527152001/http://infoboxdaily.com/life/your-food/item/1436-ayoyo-soup-and-tuo-tuo-zaafi |archive-date=2015-05-27 |access-date=2015-05-27 |website=infoboxdaily.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A al'ada, ana yin sa ne da garin [[gero]],  wanda asalinsa asalinsa daga arewacin Ghana ne. 

Ana cin sa ne da miyar kayan lambu kore da aka yi da ganyen ɗaci, ko kuma wani lokacin ganyen rogo da aka niƙa sabo. Ana iya haɗa shi da miya iri-iri, ciki har da miyar okra da miyar gyada.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cuku na Rumi</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1304879534|Rumi cheese]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2581" sha1="7auycvr10dngi9k3mbac3v4zkyx8n31" xml:space="preserve">'''[[cuku]] na Rumi''' (Larabci na Masar: جبنه رومى {{Transl|arz|gebna Rumi}} {{IPA|arz|ˈɡebnæ ˈruːmi|}}, wanda kuma ake rubuta roumi / roomi) yana daya daga cikin manyan nau'ikan cuku a [[Misra|Misira]]. Duk da sunansa (Rūmī, a zahiri &quot;Roman&quot;), cuku na Masar ne. Yana da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi, da kuma matakai daban-daban na gishiri dangane da shekaru.{{Sfn|African Cheese: Egypt}} An kuma san shi, misali a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa,  kamar '''Ras cuku'''. {{Sfn|Hofi|Youssef|Ghoneim|Tawab|1970}}{{Sfn|Ayad|Awad|El Attar|de Jong|2004}}

== Bayyanawa ==
Rumi shine babban cuku mai wuya a Misira.{{Sfn|Fox|1999}} Yana cikin iyali ɗaya kamar pecorino romano da manchego.{{Sfn|Fox|McSweeney|Cogan|Guinee|2004}} Ana yin cuku na Rumi daga madarar shanu, ko kuma daga madarar buffalo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=الجبن الرومي.. ما سر الاسم في مصر؟ |url=https://www.skynewsarabia.com/varieties/1211967-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%9F |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=سكاي نيوز عربية |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba a amfani da Al'adun farawa ba.{{Sfn|Tamime|2011}} Madara ta halitta ce, tare da cikakken cream. Ana iya ƙara Peppercorns.{{Sfn|egyptian romy cheese: Agriculture source}} Bayan watanni 3-4 cuku yana da siffar budewa da kuma mai kaifi, mai ɗanɗano.{{Sfn|Fontecha|Amigo|Angel de la Fuente|Juarez|1990}} Rumi yana samuwa a cikin diski na kilo goma (22  ko kuma a matsayin sashi tare da nauyin canji a cikin kunshin iska.{{Sfn|egyptian romy cheese: Agriculture source}} Bayani na {{Convert|1|oz|g|-1}}  yana ba da kusan kilojoules 400 (100  na Makamashi na abinci, tare da kusan 28% Mai cike da kitse.{{Sfn|Egyptian Roomy Cheese...}}

== Kayayyakin da suka danganci ==
Ƙarin ƙananan matakan pre-gbastic este''ras'' (wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin samar da cuku mai launin shudi) ko lipases daga ''R. miehei'' ko ''R. pusillus'' an ruwaito don inganta dandano na ''ras'' da cuku na domiati.{{Sfn|Fox|2000}} A shekara ta 1985 an yi cuku na Ras na gwaji ta amfani da adadin daidai da yawan madarar saniya da buffalo, tare da ƙarin 20% zuwa 30% na madarar soya. Abubuwan da ke ciki sun fi ƙarancin cuku na halitta, kuma an shafar dandano kaɗan, amma an ce sakamakon tsufa yana da &quot;dukiyar ji mai gamsarwa&quot;.{{Sfn|Shurtleff|2012}} Kodayake ana yin cuku ''mish'' na gargajiya daga [[Cuku na Areesh]], ana iya yin samfuran kasuwanci masu kama da ''mish'' daga ras da cuku na domiati.{{Sfn|Fox|McSweeney|Cogan|Guinee|2004}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829182</id>
      <parentid>829180</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:34:12Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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      <origin>829182</origin>
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      <text bytes="2611" sha1="czzpdj6vw8zpy6to8cfzb83oghw1w9s" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''[[cuku]] na Rumi''' (Larabci na Masar: جبنه رومى {{Transl|arz|gebna Rumi}} {{IPA|arz|ˈɡebnæ ˈruːmi|}}, wanda kuma ake rubuta roumi / roomi) yana daya daga cikin manyan nau'ikan cuku a [[Misra|Misira]]. Duk da sunansa (Rūmī, a zahiri &quot;Roman&quot;), cuku na Masar ne. Yana da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi, da kuma matakai daban-daban na gishiri dangane da shekaru.{{Sfn|African Cheese: Egypt}} An kuma san shi, misali a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa,  kamar '''Ras cuku'''. {{Sfn|Hofi|Youssef|Ghoneim|Tawab|1970}}{{Sfn|Ayad|Awad|El Attar|de Jong|2004}}

== Bayyanawa ==
Rumi shine babban cuku mai wuya a Misira.{{Sfn|Fox|1999}} Yana cikin iyali ɗaya kamar pecorino romano da manchego.{{Sfn|Fox|McSweeney|Cogan|Guinee|2004}} Ana yin cuku na Rumi daga madarar shanu, ko kuma daga madarar buffalo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=الجبن الرومي.. ما سر الاسم في مصر؟ |url=https://www.skynewsarabia.com/varieties/1211967-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%9F |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=سكاي نيوز عربية |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba a amfani da Al'adun farawa ba.{{Sfn|Tamime|2011}} Madara ta halitta ce, tare da cikakken cream. Ana iya ƙara Peppercorns.{{Sfn|egyptian romy cheese: Agriculture source}} Bayan watanni 3-4 cuku yana da siffar budewa da kuma mai kaifi, mai ɗanɗano.{{Sfn|Fontecha|Amigo|Angel de la Fuente|Juarez|1990}} Rumi yana samuwa a cikin diski na kilo goma (22  ko kuma a matsayin sashi tare da nauyin canji a cikin kunshin iska.{{Sfn|egyptian romy cheese: Agriculture source}} Bayani na {{Convert|1|oz|g|-1}}  yana ba da kusan kilojoules 400 (100  na Makamashi na abinci, tare da kusan 28% Mai cike da kitse.{{Sfn|Egyptian Roomy Cheese...}}

== Kayayyakin da suka danganci ==
Ƙarin ƙananan matakan pre-gbastic este''ras'' (wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin samar da cuku mai launin shudi) ko lipases daga ''R. miehei'' ko ''R. pusillus'' an ruwaito don inganta dandano na ''ras'' da cuku na domiati.{{Sfn|Fox|2000}} A shekara ta 1985 an yi cuku na Ras na gwaji ta amfani da adadin daidai da yawan madarar saniya da buffalo, tare da ƙarin 20% zuwa 30% na madarar soya. Abubuwan da ke ciki sun fi ƙarancin cuku na halitta, kuma an shafar dandano kaɗan, amma an ce sakamakon tsufa yana da &quot;dukiyar ji mai gamsarwa&quot;.{{Sfn|Shurtleff|2012}} Kodayake ana yin cuku ''mish'' na gargajiya daga [[Cuku na Areesh]], ana iya yin samfuran kasuwanci masu kama da ''mish'' daga ras da cuku na domiati.{{Sfn|Fox|McSweeney|Cogan|Guinee|2004}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rozz yana son ni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148987</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829183</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:34:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333536524|Rozz me'ammar]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829183</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2073" sha1="14k6qwizofb60fovs3j9om5ttntwg03" xml:space="preserve">'''Rozz me'ammar''' (Larabci na Masar: رُزْ مَعَمّرْ Larabci: أرْزْ م مَعْمّرَ) abinci ne na [[shinkafa]] da aka dafa a Masar wanda ya haɗu da shinkafa tare da kayan [[madara]] kamar madara, [[man shanu]],  wani lokacin Eshta, wanda ke haifar da katako mai wadata da creamy. Sau da yawa ana shirya wannan abincin don lokuta na musamman da tarurrukan iyali saboda yanayin sa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Food Guide |url=https://travelfoodatlas.com/egyptian-food |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Travel Food Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Savory Rice With Cream (Egyptian Meammar Rice) |url=https://amiraspantry.com/roz-meammar-meammar-rice/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Amira's Pantry}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen ==
Don shirya rozz me'ammar, ana wanke [[Shinkafa|shinkafa mai gajeren hatsi]] sosai kuma a tsoma shi don cire karin starch. Ana haɗa shinkafa tare da [[madara]], [[man shanu]], kuma wani lokacin ana yin amfani da shi a cikin abincin yin burodi, yawanci a cikin tukunyar yumɓu ta gargajiya da aka sani da &quot;beram&quot; ko &quot;bram&quot;. Ana ƙara gishiri da albasa don ɗanɗano. Ana yin cakuda a cikin tanda har sai shinkafa ta sha ruwa kuma ta samar da launin ruwan kasa a saman. Wasu bambance-bambance na abincin sun haɗa da ƙara kaza ko nama don yin shi abinci mai mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Baked Rice aka Roz Maamar |url=https://www.fooddolls.com/egyptian-baked-rice/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Food Dolls}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani nau'i ya haɗa da dumama madara tare da kayan yaji kamar [[cardamom]] da mastic don ƙara shi da ƙarin dandano kafin a haɗa shi da shinkafa. Ana zuba madara mai ɗanɗano a kan shinkafa a cikin abincin burodi, kuma ana yin burodi har sai shinkafa ta zama mai laushi kuma saman yana da kumfa kuma launin ruwan kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rice Me'ammar |url=https://cairocooking.com/md_recipe/rice-meammar/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Cairo Cooking}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829184</id>
      <parentid>829183</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:34:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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      <origin>829184</origin>
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      <text bytes="2086" sha1="rwl1lmtruur0cilklk7fqkz0drsck7p" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Rozz me'ammar''' (Larabci na Masar: رُزْ مَعَمّرْ Larabci: أرْزْ م مَعْمّرَ) abinci ne na [[shinkafa]] da aka dafa a Masar wanda ya haɗu da shinkafa tare da kayan [[madara]] kamar madara, [[man shanu]],  wani lokacin Eshta, wanda ke haifar da katako mai wadata da creamy. Sau da yawa ana shirya wannan abincin don lokuta na musamman da tarurrukan iyali saboda yanayin sa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Food Guide |url=https://travelfoodatlas.com/egyptian-food |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Travel Food Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Savory Rice With Cream (Egyptian Meammar Rice) |url=https://amiraspantry.com/roz-meammar-meammar-rice/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Amira's Pantry}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen ==
Don shirya rozz me'ammar, ana wanke [[Shinkafa|shinkafa mai gajeren hatsi]] sosai kuma a tsoma shi don cire karin starch. Ana haɗa shinkafa tare da [[madara]], [[man shanu]], kuma wani lokacin ana yin amfani da shi a cikin abincin yin burodi, yawanci a cikin tukunyar yumɓu ta gargajiya da aka sani da &quot;beram&quot; ko &quot;bram&quot;. Ana ƙara gishiri da albasa don ɗanɗano. Ana yin cakuda a cikin tanda har sai shinkafa ta sha ruwa kuma ta samar da launin ruwan kasa a saman. Wasu bambance-bambance na abincin sun haɗa da ƙara kaza ko nama don yin shi abinci mai mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Baked Rice aka Roz Maamar |url=https://www.fooddolls.com/egyptian-baked-rice/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Food Dolls}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani nau'i ya haɗa da dumama madara tare da kayan yaji kamar [[cardamom]] da mastic don ƙara shi da ƙarin dandano kafin a haɗa shi da shinkafa. Ana zuba madara mai ɗanɗano a kan shinkafa a cikin abincin burodi, kuma ana yin burodi har sai shinkafa ta zama mai laushi kuma saman yana da kumfa kuma launin ruwan kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rice Me'ammar |url=https://cairocooking.com/md_recipe/rice-meammar/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Cairo Cooking}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Quail a matsayin abinci</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148988</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829185</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:35:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329668388|Quail as food]]&quot;</comment>
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Dukansu tsohuwar duniya da sabuwar duniya sun haɗa da nau'in da za a iya cinyewa. Tsuntsu na yau da kullun ya kasance mai kyau sosai a cikin Abincin Faransanci, amma tsutsa don tebur yanzu sun fi dacewa da tsutsa na Jafananci. Tsuntsu na yau da kullun kuma wani ɓangare ne na abincin Poland, Maltese, Italiyanci, Mexican, Mutanen Espanya, Masar da Indiya. Ana cin kwalliya gaba ɗaya tare da ƙasusuwa, tunda ana cinye su cikin sauƙi kuma ƙaramin girman tsuntsu yana sa ya zama da wuya a cire su. An yi amfani da Quails a kasar Sin. Har ila yau, kasar Sin ita ce mafi girma mai samar da nama a duniya.

Quail wanda ya ciyar a kan hemlock (misali, yayin ƙaura) na iya haifar da mummunan rauni na koda saboda tara abubuwa masu guba daga hemlock a cikin nama; wannan matsalar ana kiranta &quot;coturnism&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid15313988&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |vauthors=Tsironi M, Andriopoulos P, Xamodraka E, etal |year=2004 |title=The patient with rhabdomyolysis: have you considered quail poisoning? |journal=CMAJ |volume=171 |issue=4 |pages=325–6 |doi=10.1503/cmaj.1031256 |pmc=509041 |pmid=15313988}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== A cikin tarihi ==
An ci Quails a zamanin d ̄ a. A cikin wasikar Shepsi ga mahaifiyarsa, ɗaya daga cikin wasikun Masar ga matattu, ya rubuta yana tunatar da ita game da duk ayyukan kirki da ya yi a lokacin rayuwarta. Ka ce ... ka ce mini, ɗanka, &quot;za ka kawo mini wasu quails don in ci su&quot; kuma ni, ɗanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Comparative Study Between the Representation of Quails in Ancient Egyptian and Byzantine Art |url=https://cguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_246947_9b6a87f9318c6a0480b9fdea8ba672d5.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605102949/https://cguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_246947_9b6a87f9318c6a0480b9fdea8ba672d5.pdf |archive-date=2023-06-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An shirya girke-girke na karni na 19 kafa California don Codornices a la española (Spanish-style quail) ta hanyar cika quails tare da cakuda kwai, albasa mai kore, parsley, man shanu, ruwan lemun tsami da thyme. An goge tsuntsayen da man shanu, gurasar gurasa da ƙwai da aka buga kuma an gama su a cikin tanda. Ana iya yin burodi mai ɗanɗano tare da quail, naman alade mai gishiri, ƙwai da sabbin ganye.

== Matsayi na Kosher ==
Wasu nau'o'in quail ne kawai ake la'akari da kosher. Ƙungiyar Orthodox ta tabbatar da &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwRw&quot;&gt;Coturnix coturnix&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; a matsayin kosher bisa ga masorah na Rabbi Shlomo Zev Zweigenhaft . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=OU Kosher |date=2008-08-22 |title=The Birds of the Bible, or, Solving the Mystery of Which of the Species are Kosher and Which are Not |url=https://oukosher.org/blog/articles/the-birds-of-the-bible-or-solving-the-mystery-of-which-of-the-species-are-kosher-and-which-are-not/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207132829/https://oukosher.org/blog/articles/the-birds-of-the-bible-or-solving-the-mystery-of-which-of-the-species-are-kosher-and-which-are-not/ |archive-date=2023-12-07 |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=OU Kosher Certification |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <id>829187</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:35:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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Dukansu tsohuwar duniya da sabuwar duniya sun haɗa da nau'in da za a iya cinyewa. Tsuntsu na yau da kullun ya kasance mai kyau sosai a cikin Abincin Faransanci, amma tsutsa don tebur yanzu sun fi dacewa da tsutsa na Jafananci. Tsuntsu na yau da kullun kuma wani ɓangare ne na abincin Poland, Maltese, Italiyanci, Mexican, Mutanen Espanya, Masar da Indiya. Ana cin kwalliya gaba ɗaya tare da ƙasusuwa, tunda ana cinye su cikin sauƙi kuma ƙaramin girman tsuntsu yana sa ya zama da wuya a cire su. An yi amfani da Quails a kasar Sin. Har ila yau, kasar Sin ita ce mafi girma mai samar da nama a duniya.

Quail wanda ya ciyar a kan hemlock (misali, yayin ƙaura) na iya haifar da mummunan rauni na koda saboda tara abubuwa masu guba daga hemlock a cikin nama; wannan matsalar ana kiranta &quot;coturnism&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid15313988&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |vauthors=Tsironi M, Andriopoulos P, Xamodraka E, etal |year=2004 |title=The patient with rhabdomyolysis: have you considered quail poisoning? |journal=CMAJ |volume=171 |issue=4 |pages=325–6 |doi=10.1503/cmaj.1031256 |pmc=509041 |pmid=15313988}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== A cikin tarihi ==
An ci Quails a zamanin d ̄ a. A cikin wasikar Shepsi ga mahaifiyarsa, ɗaya daga cikin wasikun Masar ga matattu, ya rubuta yana tunatar da ita game da duk ayyukan kirki da ya yi a lokacin rayuwarta. Ka ce ... ka ce mini, ɗanka, &quot;za ka kawo mini wasu quails don in ci su&quot; kuma ni, ɗanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Comparative Study Between the Representation of Quails in Ancient Egyptian and Byzantine Art |url=https://cguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_246947_9b6a87f9318c6a0480b9fdea8ba672d5.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605102949/https://cguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_246947_9b6a87f9318c6a0480b9fdea8ba672d5.pdf |archive-date=2023-06-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An shirya girke-girke na karni na 19 kafa California don Codornices a la española (Spanish-style quail) ta hanyar cika quails tare da cakuda kwai, albasa mai kore, parsley, man shanu, ruwan lemun tsami da thyme. An goge tsuntsayen da man shanu, gurasar gurasa da ƙwai da aka buga kuma an gama su a cikin tanda. Ana iya yin burodi mai ɗanɗano tare da quail, naman alade mai gishiri, ƙwai da sabbin ganye.

== Matsayi na Kosher ==
Wasu nau'o'in quail ne kawai ake la'akari da kosher. Ƙungiyar Orthodox ta tabbatar da &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwRw&quot;&gt;Coturnix coturnix&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; a matsayin kosher bisa ga masorah na Rabbi Shlomo Zev Zweigenhaft . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=OU Kosher |date=2008-08-22 |title=The Birds of the Bible, or, Solving the Mystery of Which of the Species are Kosher and Which are Not |url=https://oukosher.org/blog/articles/the-birds-of-the-bible-or-solving-the-mystery-of-which-of-the-species-are-kosher-and-which-are-not/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207132829/https://oukosher.org/blog/articles/the-birds-of-the-bible-or-solving-the-mystery-of-which-of-the-species-are-kosher-and-which-are-not/ |archive-date=2023-12-07 |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=OU Kosher Certification |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nut chutney</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148989</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829186</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:35:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1319385915|Coconut chutney]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Coconut_Chutney.jpg|right|thumb|An shirya chutney na kwakwa a cikin kwano]]
'''Chutney''' na kwakwa wani nau'in chutney ne na kudancin Indiya, abincin gefe ko kayan ƙanshi, wanda aka fi sani da shi a yankin Indiya . Ana yin kayan ƙanshin ne da aka niƙa da ɓawon kwakwa tare da wasu sinadarai kamar barkono kore, tamarind, gishiri, coriander da ruwa. Chutney na kwakwa ana yin shi da barkono ja ko barkono kore. Ana yin sa da dosas, idli, bajji, bonda, da vada . A Karnataka, ana kuma yin chutney na kwakwa tare da abincin shinkafa kamar pulao, puliyogare, tumatir baath, da vangi baath .

== Duba kuma ==

* Kalathappam
* Kinnathappam
* Chammanthi podi
* Jerin chutneys

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>slomn6fmrugahpwuqrrvq2nz4jiqig5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>829188</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1319385915|Coconut chutney]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829188</origin>
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[[Fayil:Coconut_Chutney.jpg|right|thumb|An shirya chutney na kwakwa a cikin kwano]]
'''Chutney''' na kwakwa wani nau'in chutney ne na kudancin Indiya, abincin gefe ko kayan ƙanshi, wanda aka fi sani da shi a yankin Indiya . Ana yin kayan ƙanshin ne da aka niƙa da ɓawon kwakwa tare da wasu sinadarai kamar barkono kore, tamarind, gishiri, coriander da ruwa. Chutney na kwakwa ana yin shi da barkono ja ko barkono kore. Ana yin sa da dosas, idli, bajji, bonda, da vada . A Karnataka, ana kuma yin chutney na kwakwa tare da abincin shinkafa kamar pulao, puliyogare, tumatir baath, da vangi baath.&lt;ref&gt;Wahhab, I.; Singh, V. (2016). The Cinnamon Club Cookbook. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 160. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-4729-3307-2&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Retrieved 26 October 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Kalathappam
* Kinnathappam
* Chammanthi podi
* Jerin chutneys

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>olb2ega8azfbshuij5ve505pkij6v3i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>829190</id>
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        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
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      <text bytes="876" sha1="nqt2ba5po8zl6ocu73256y4epjy0paa" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:Coconut_Chutney.jpg|right|thumb|An shirya chutney na kwakwa a cikin kwano]]
'''Chutney''' na kwakwa wani nau'in chutney ne na kudancin Indiya, abincin gefe ko kayan ƙanshi, wanda aka fi sani da shi a yankin Indiya . Ana yin kayan ƙanshin ne da aka niƙa da ɓawon kwakwa tare da wasu sinadarai kamar barkono kore, tamarind, gishiri, coriander da ruwa. Chutney na kwakwa ana yin shi da barkono ja ko barkono kore. Ana yin sa da dosas, idli, bajji, bonda, da vada . A Karnataka, ana kuma yin chutney na kwakwa tare da abincin shinkafa kamar pulao, puliyogare, tumatir baath, da vangi baath.&lt;ref&gt;Wahhab, I.; Singh, V. (2016). The Cinnamon Club Cookbook. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 160. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-4729-3307-2&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Retrieved 26 October 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Kalathappam
* Kinnathappam
* Chammanthi podi
* Jerin chutneys

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>nqt2ba5po8zl6ocu73256y4epjy0paa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Qishta</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337287417|Qishta]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="7049" sha1="qwv7wj77l77cit8uch34kupu84jnl7e" xml:space="preserve">'''''Qishta''''' ( Arabic    ,  ), wanda kuma aka sani da '''''kishta''''', '''''kashta''''', '''''ghishta''''', '''''ashta''''' ko '''''eshta''''', wani nau'in madara ne da aka haɗa da madarar da aka dafa daga madarar sabo mai zafi da ake amfani da ita a cikin abinci daban-daban kuma ana cinye shi azaman kayan zaki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Najib |first=Mustapha |last2=Hallab |first2=Mohamad Walid |last3=Hallab |first3=Karim |last4=Hallab |first4=Zaher |last5=Delaplace |first5=Guillaume |last6=Hamze |first6=Monzer |last7=Chihib |first7=Nour-Eddine |date=2020-01-24 |title=Qishta—A Lebanese Heat Concentrated Dairy Product Characteristics and Production Procedures |journal=Foods |language=en |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=125 |doi=10.3390/foods9020125 |issn=2304-8158 |pmc=7073747 |pmid=31991542 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Najib |first=Mustapha |last2=Bray |first2=Fabrice |last3=Khelissa |first3=Simon |last4=Flament |first4=Stephanie |last5=Richard |first5=Elodie |last6=El Omari |first6=Khaled |last7=Rolando |first7=Christian |last8=Delaplace |first8=Guillaume |last9=Hamze |first9=Monzer |last10=Chihib |first10=Nour-Eddine |date=2022-01-01 |title=Effect of milk heat treatment on molecular interactions during the process of Qishta, a Lebanese dairy product |journal=International Dairy Journal |volume=124 |doi=10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105150 |issn=0958-6946 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana samunsa a cikin abincin Kudancin Bahar Rum, gami da abincin Levantine da na Masar . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mefleh |first=Marina |last2=Darwish |first2=Amira M. Galal |last3=Mudgil |first3=Priti |last4=Maqsood |first4=Sajid |last5=Boukid |first5=Fatma |date=December 2022 |title=Traditional Fermented Dairy Products in Southern Mediterranean Countries: From Tradition to Innovation |journal=Fermentation |language=en |volume=8 |issue=12 |pages=743 |doi=10.3390/fermentation8120743 |issn=2311-5637 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;  lokaci ana ƙamshi da ruwan fure mai lemu .  Ana iya yin Qishta da 'ya'yan itace, ana amfani da shi don cika crêpes da kayan zaki, ko kuma a yi masa hidima da pistachios da syrups masu zaki. [5] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fatimah |date=2023-01-11 |title=Ashta, Middle Eastern Clotted Cream |url=https://falasteenifoodie.com/ashta-middle-eastern-clotted-cream/ |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=FalasteeniFoodie |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qishta &quot;mai lalacewa sosai&quot; kuma, idan ba a shirya shi ba daidai ba ko adana shi, yana iya zama tushen cututtukan abinci kamar ''Listeria'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;emro.who.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kassaify |first=Z. G. |last2=Najjar |first2=M. |last3=Toufelli |first3=I. |last4=Malek |first4=A. |date=2010 |title=Microbiological and chemical profile of Lebanese qishta (heat-coagulated milk) |url=https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-16-2010/volume-16-issue-9/article-02.html |journal=Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal |language=en-gb |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=926–931 |doi=10.26719/2010.16.9.926 |pmid=21218717 |access-date=2024-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hassan |first=Hussein F. |last2=Kassaify |first2=Zeina |date=2014-03-01 |title=The risks associated with aflatoxins M1 occurrence in Lebanese dairy products |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0956713513004143 |journal=Food Control |volume=37 |pages=68–72 |doi=10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.08.022 |issn=0956-7135 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana kama da sauran abincin kiwo da aka shirya da zafi kamar kaymak  da khoa . &lt;ref name=&quot;pmid40941230&quot;&gt;
{{Cite journal |last=Dimassi |first=Ossama |last2=Jaber |first2=Lina |last3=Fleyfel |first3=Layla |last4=Hamadeh |first4=Shady |date=5 September 2025 |title=Milk Supply in Lebanon: Economic Challenges and the Role of Traditional Dairy Products |journal=Foods |volume=14 |issue=17 |pages=3115 |doi=10.3390/foods14173115 |issn=2304-8158 |pmc=12428452 |pmid=40941230 |doi-access=free}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen ==
Qishta ana yin ta ne ta hanyar dumama madara a cikin manyan pans har sai sunadarai sun taru kuma sun kama kitse, suna samar da wani nau'i mai kauri a saman. Shirin yana ɗaukar sa'o'i da yawa kuma ana yin sa ba tare da fermentation ko ƙara coagulants ba. Ana shirya Qishta a cikin ƙananan wuraren samar da madara ko wuraren yin burodi. Yana da ɗan gajeren rayuwar ajiya, yana ɗaukar 'yan kwanaki kawai ko da an sanyaya shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;emro.who.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kassaify |first=Z. G. |last2=Najjar |first2=M. |last3=Toufelli |first3=I. |last4=Malek |first4=A. |date=2010 |title=Microbiological and chemical profile of Lebanese qishta (heat-coagulated milk) |url=https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-16-2010/volume-16-issue-9/article-02.html |journal=Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal |language=en-gb |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=926–931 |doi=10.26719/2010.16.9.926 |pmid=21218717 |access-date=2024-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana buƙatar daidaita madara a takamaiman zafin jiki (yawanci a kusa da 60 celsius) yayin tsarin dafa abinci.&lt;ref name=&quot;emro.who.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kassaify |first=Z. G. |last2=Najjar |first2=M. |last3=Toufelli |first3=I. |last4=Malek |first4=A. |date=2010 |title=Microbiological and chemical profile of Lebanese qishta (heat-coagulated milk) |url=https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-16-2010/volume-16-issue-9/article-02.html |journal=Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal |language=en-gb |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=926–931 |doi=10.26719/2010.16.9.926 |pmid=21218717 |access-date=2024-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba kamar wasu kayayyakin madara ba, tsarin shirye-shiryen ya kasance na gargajiya ga qishta, don haka ba a fermented ko coagulated ta hanyar sunadarai ko microbial.&lt;ref name=&quot;emro.who.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kassaify |first=Z. G. |last2=Najjar |first2=M. |last3=Toufelli |first3=I. |last4=Malek |first4=A. |date=2010 |title=Microbiological and chemical profile of Lebanese qishta (heat-coagulated milk) |url=https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-16-2010/volume-16-issue-9/article-02.html |journal=Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal |language=en-gb |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=926–931 |doi=10.26719/2010.16.9.926 |pmid=21218717 |access-date=2024-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wasu masu dafa abinci na iya ƙara garin masara don ƙara kauri kirim ɗin don yin ''pudding ɗin qishta'' ( Arabic   ), sabanin ''sabbin qishta'' .   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abood |first=Maureen |date=4 August 2017 |title=Ashta with Fresh Fruit |url=https://maureenabood.com/lebanese-ashta-cream-recipe/ |access-date=24 September 2025 |website=Maureen Abood}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An ambaci creams da aka shirya da zafi kamar na zamani ''qishta'' da ''Kaymak'' a cikin litattafan dafa abinci na Larabci na zamani. Littafin girke-girke na Masar na ƙarni na 13-14 mai taken Kanz al-fawāʾid [fr] yana ba da girke-rikice don shi, yana buƙatar dumama madara, yana barin shi sanyi don cream ɗin ya tara, sannan ya tattara cream ɗin.&lt;ref name=&quot;NawalNasrallah&quot; /&gt;

Wani ƙamus na Larabci da Ingilishi na Masar na 1895 na marubucin [[Socrates Spiro]] ya fassara ''qishta'' ({{Lang|ar|قشطة}}) &quot;cream&quot;.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
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'''''Qishta''''' ( Arabic    ,  ), wanda kuma aka sani da '''''kishta''''', '''''kashta''''', '''''ghishta''''', '''''ashta''''' ko '''''eshta''''', wani nau'in madara ne da aka haɗa da madarar da aka dafa daga madarar sabo mai zafi da ake amfani da ita a cikin abinci daban-daban kuma ana cinye shi azaman kayan zaki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Najib |first=Mustapha |last2=Hallab |first2=Mohamad Walid |last3=Hallab |first3=Karim |last4=Hallab |first4=Zaher |last5=Delaplace |first5=Guillaume |last6=Hamze |first6=Monzer |last7=Chihib |first7=Nour-Eddine |date=2020-01-24 |title=Qishta—A Lebanese Heat Concentrated Dairy Product Characteristics and Production Procedures |journal=Foods |language=en |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=125 |doi=10.3390/foods9020125 |issn=2304-8158 |pmc=7073747 |pmid=31991542 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Najib |first=Mustapha |last2=Bray |first2=Fabrice |last3=Khelissa |first3=Simon |last4=Flament |first4=Stephanie |last5=Richard |first5=Elodie |last6=El Omari |first6=Khaled |last7=Rolando |first7=Christian |last8=Delaplace |first8=Guillaume |last9=Hamze |first9=Monzer |last10=Chihib |first10=Nour-Eddine |date=2022-01-01 |title=Effect of milk heat treatment on molecular interactions during the process of Qishta, a Lebanese dairy product |journal=International Dairy Journal |volume=124 |doi=10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105150 |issn=0958-6946 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana samunsa a cikin abincin Kudancin Bahar Rum, gami da abincin Levantine da na Masar . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mefleh |first=Marina |last2=Darwish |first2=Amira M. Galal |last3=Mudgil |first3=Priti |last4=Maqsood |first4=Sajid |last5=Boukid |first5=Fatma |date=December 2022 |title=Traditional Fermented Dairy Products in Southern Mediterranean Countries: From Tradition to Innovation |journal=Fermentation |language=en |volume=8 |issue=12 |pages=743 |doi=10.3390/fermentation8120743 |issn=2311-5637 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;  lokaci ana ƙamshi da ruwan fure mai lemu .  Ana iya yin Qishta da 'ya'yan itace, ana amfani da shi don cika crêpes da kayan zaki, ko kuma a yi masa hidima da pistachios da syrups masu zaki. [5] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fatimah |date=2023-01-11 |title=Ashta, Middle Eastern Clotted Cream |url=https://falasteenifoodie.com/ashta-middle-eastern-clotted-cream/ |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=FalasteeniFoodie |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qishta &quot;mai lalacewa sosai&quot; kuma, idan ba a shirya shi ba daidai ba ko adana shi, yana iya zama tushen cututtukan abinci kamar ''Listeria'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;emro.who.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kassaify |first=Z. G. |last2=Najjar |first2=M. |last3=Toufelli |first3=I. |last4=Malek |first4=A. |date=2010 |title=Microbiological and chemical profile of Lebanese qishta (heat-coagulated milk) |url=https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-16-2010/volume-16-issue-9/article-02.html |journal=Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal |language=en-gb |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=926–931 |doi=10.26719/2010.16.9.926 |pmid=21218717 |access-date=2024-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hassan |first=Hussein F. |last2=Kassaify |first2=Zeina |date=2014-03-01 |title=The risks associated with aflatoxins M1 occurrence in Lebanese dairy products |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0956713513004143 |journal=Food Control |volume=37 |pages=68–72 |doi=10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.08.022 |issn=0956-7135 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana kama da sauran abincin kiwo da aka shirya da zafi kamar kaymak  da khoa . &lt;ref name=&quot;pmid40941230&quot;&gt;
{{Cite journal |last=Dimassi |first=Ossama |last2=Jaber |first2=Lina |last3=Fleyfel |first3=Layla |last4=Hamadeh |first4=Shady |date=5 September 2025 |title=Milk Supply in Lebanon: Economic Challenges and the Role of Traditional Dairy Products |journal=Foods |volume=14 |issue=17 |pages=3115 |doi=10.3390/foods14173115 |issn=2304-8158 |pmc=12428452 |pmid=40941230 |doi-access=free}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen ==
Qishta ana yin ta ne ta hanyar dumama madara a cikin manyan pans har sai sunadarai sun taru kuma sun kama kitse, suna samar da wani nau'i mai kauri a saman. Shirin yana ɗaukar sa'o'i da yawa kuma ana yin sa ba tare da fermentation ko ƙara coagulants ba. Ana shirya Qishta a cikin ƙananan wuraren samar da madara ko wuraren yin burodi. Yana da ɗan gajeren rayuwar ajiya, yana ɗaukar 'yan kwanaki kawai ko da an sanyaya shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;emro.who.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kassaify |first=Z. G. |last2=Najjar |first2=M. |last3=Toufelli |first3=I. |last4=Malek |first4=A. |date=2010 |title=Microbiological and chemical profile of Lebanese qishta (heat-coagulated milk) |url=https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-16-2010/volume-16-issue-9/article-02.html |journal=Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal |language=en-gb |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=926–931 |doi=10.26719/2010.16.9.926 |pmid=21218717 |access-date=2024-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana buƙatar daidaita madara a takamaiman zafin jiki (yawanci a kusa da 60 celsius) yayin tsarin dafa abinci.&lt;ref name=&quot;emro.who.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kassaify |first=Z. G. |last2=Najjar |first2=M. |last3=Toufelli |first3=I. |last4=Malek |first4=A. |date=2010 |title=Microbiological and chemical profile of Lebanese qishta (heat-coagulated milk) |url=https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-16-2010/volume-16-issue-9/article-02.html |journal=Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal |language=en-gb |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=926–931 |doi=10.26719/2010.16.9.926 |pmid=21218717 |access-date=2024-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba kamar wasu kayayyakin madara ba, tsarin shirye-shiryen ya kasance na gargajiya ga qishta, don haka ba a fermented ko coagulated ta hanyar sunadarai ko microbial.&lt;ref name=&quot;emro.who.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kassaify |first=Z. G. |last2=Najjar |first2=M. |last3=Toufelli |first3=I. |last4=Malek |first4=A. |date=2010 |title=Microbiological and chemical profile of Lebanese qishta (heat-coagulated milk) |url=https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-16-2010/volume-16-issue-9/article-02.html |journal=Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal |language=en-gb |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=926–931 |doi=10.26719/2010.16.9.926 |pmid=21218717 |access-date=2024-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wasu masu dafa abinci na iya ƙara garin masara don ƙara kauri kirim ɗin don yin ''pudding ɗin qishta'' ( Arabic   ), sabanin ''sabbin qishta'' .   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abood |first=Maureen |date=4 August 2017 |title=Ashta with Fresh Fruit |url=https://maureenabood.com/lebanese-ashta-cream-recipe/ |access-date=24 September 2025 |website=Maureen Abood}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An ambaci creams da aka shirya da zafi kamar na zamani ''qishta'' da ''Kaymak'' a cikin litattafan dafa abinci na Larabci na zamani. Littafin girke-girke na Masar na ƙarni na 13-14 mai taken Kanz al-fawāʾid [fr] yana ba da girke-rikice don shi, yana buƙatar dumama madara, yana barin shi sanyi don cream ɗin ya tara, sannan ya tattara cream ɗin.&lt;ref name=&quot;NawalNasrallah&quot; /&gt;

Wani ƙamus na Larabci da Ingilishi na Masar na 1895 na marubucin [[Socrates Spiro]] ya fassara ''qishta'' ({{Lang|ar|قشطة}}) &quot;cream&quot;.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
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'''''Qishta''''' ( Arabic    ,  ), wanda kuma aka sani da '''''kishta''''', '''''kashta''''', '''''ghishta''''', '''''ashta''''' ko '''''eshta''''', wani nau'in madara ne da aka haɗa da madarar da aka dafa daga madarar sabo mai zafi da ake amfani da ita a cikin abinci daban-daban kuma ana cinye shi azaman kayan zaki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Najib |first=Mustapha |last2=Hallab |first2=Mohamad Walid |last3=Hallab |first3=Karim |last4=Hallab |first4=Zaher |last5=Delaplace |first5=Guillaume |last6=Hamze |first6=Monzer |last7=Chihib |first7=Nour-Eddine |date=2020-01-24 |title=Qishta—A Lebanese Heat Concentrated Dairy Product Characteristics and Production Procedures |journal=Foods |language=en |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=125 |doi=10.3390/foods9020125 |issn=2304-8158 |pmc=7073747 |pmid=31991542 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Najib |first=Mustapha |last2=Bray |first2=Fabrice |last3=Khelissa |first3=Simon |last4=Flament |first4=Stephanie |last5=Richard |first5=Elodie |last6=El Omari |first6=Khaled |last7=Rolando |first7=Christian |last8=Delaplace |first8=Guillaume |last9=Hamze |first9=Monzer |last10=Chihib |first10=Nour-Eddine |date=2022-01-01 |title=Effect of milk heat treatment on molecular interactions during the process of Qishta, a Lebanese dairy product |journal=International Dairy Journal |volume=124 |doi=10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105150 |issn=0958-6946 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana samunsa a cikin abincin Kudancin Bahar Rum, gami da abincin Levantine da na Masar . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mefleh |first=Marina |last2=Darwish |first2=Amira M. Galal |last3=Mudgil |first3=Priti |last4=Maqsood |first4=Sajid |last5=Boukid |first5=Fatma |date=December 2022 |title=Traditional Fermented Dairy Products in Southern Mediterranean Countries: From Tradition to Innovation |journal=Fermentation |language=en |volume=8 |issue=12 |pages=743 |doi=10.3390/fermentation8120743 |issn=2311-5637 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;  lokaci ana ƙamshi da ruwan fure mai lemu .  Ana iya yin Qishta da 'ya'yan itace, ana amfani da shi don cika crêpes da kayan zaki, ko kuma a yi masa hidima da pistachios da syrups masu zaki. [5] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fatimah |date=2023-01-11 |title=Ashta, Middle Eastern Clotted Cream |url=https://falasteenifoodie.com/ashta-middle-eastern-clotted-cream/ |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=FalasteeniFoodie |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qishta &quot;mai lalacewa sosai&quot; kuma, idan ba a shirya shi ba daidai ba ko adana shi, yana iya zama tushen cututtukan abinci kamar ''Listeria'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;emro.who.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kassaify |first=Z. G. |last2=Najjar |first2=M. |last3=Toufelli |first3=I. |last4=Malek |first4=A. |date=2010 |title=Microbiological and chemical profile of Lebanese qishta (heat-coagulated milk) |url=https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-16-2010/volume-16-issue-9/article-02.html |journal=Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal |language=en-gb |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=926–931 |doi=10.26719/2010.16.9.926 |pmid=21218717 |access-date=2024-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hassan |first=Hussein F. |last2=Kassaify |first2=Zeina |date=2014-03-01 |title=The risks associated with aflatoxins M1 occurrence in Lebanese dairy products |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0956713513004143 |journal=Food Control |volume=37 |pages=68–72 |doi=10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.08.022 |issn=0956-7135 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana kama da sauran abincin kiwo da aka shirya da zafi kamar kaymak  da khoa . &lt;ref name=&quot;pmid40941230&quot;&gt;
{{Cite journal |last=Dimassi |first=Ossama |last2=Jaber |first2=Lina |last3=Fleyfel |first3=Layla |last4=Hamadeh |first4=Shady |date=5 September 2025 |title=Milk Supply in Lebanon: Economic Challenges and the Role of Traditional Dairy Products |journal=Foods |volume=14 |issue=17 |pages=3115 |doi=10.3390/foods14173115 |issn=2304-8158 |pmc=12428452 |pmid=40941230 |doi-access=free}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen ==
Qishta ana yin ta ne ta hanyar dumama madara a cikin manyan pans har sai sunadarai sun taru kuma sun kama kitse, suna samar da wani nau'i mai kauri a saman. Shirin yana ɗaukar sa'o'i da yawa kuma ana yin sa ba tare da fermentation ko ƙara coagulants ba. Ana shirya Qishta a cikin ƙananan wuraren samar da madara ko wuraren yin burodi. Yana da ɗan gajeren rayuwar ajiya, yana ɗaukar 'yan kwanaki kawai ko da an sanyaya shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;emro.who.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kassaify |first=Z. G. |last2=Najjar |first2=M. |last3=Toufelli |first3=I. |last4=Malek |first4=A. |date=2010 |title=Microbiological and chemical profile of Lebanese qishta (heat-coagulated milk) |url=https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-16-2010/volume-16-issue-9/article-02.html |journal=Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal |language=en-gb |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=926–931 |doi=10.26719/2010.16.9.926 |pmid=21218717 |access-date=2024-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana buƙatar daidaita madara a takamaiman zafin jiki (yawanci a kusa da 60 celsius) yayin tsarin dafa abinci.&lt;ref name=&quot;emro.who.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kassaify |first=Z. G. |last2=Najjar |first2=M. |last3=Toufelli |first3=I. |last4=Malek |first4=A. |date=2010 |title=Microbiological and chemical profile of Lebanese qishta (heat-coagulated milk) |url=https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-16-2010/volume-16-issue-9/article-02.html |journal=Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal |language=en-gb |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=926–931 |doi=10.26719/2010.16.9.926 |pmid=21218717 |access-date=2024-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba kamar wasu kayayyakin madara ba, tsarin shirye-shiryen ya kasance na gargajiya ga qishta, don haka ba a fermented ko coagulated ta hanyar sunadarai ko microbial.&lt;ref name=&quot;emro.who.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kassaify |first=Z. G. |last2=Najjar |first2=M. |last3=Toufelli |first3=I. |last4=Malek |first4=A. |date=2010 |title=Microbiological and chemical profile of Lebanese qishta (heat-coagulated milk) |url=https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-16-2010/volume-16-issue-9/article-02.html |journal=Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal |language=en-gb |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=926–931 |doi=10.26719/2010.16.9.926 |pmid=21218717 |access-date=2024-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wasu masu dafa abinci na iya ƙara garin masara don ƙara kauri kirim ɗin don yin ''pudding ɗin qishta'' ( Arabic   ), sabanin ''sabbin qishta'' .   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abood |first=Maureen |date=4 August 2017 |title=Ashta with Fresh Fruit |url=https://maureenabood.com/lebanese-ashta-cream-recipe/ |access-date=24 September 2025 |website=Maureen Abood}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An ambaci creams da aka shirya da zafi kamar na zamani ''qishta'' da ''Kaymak'' a cikin litattafan dafa abinci na Larabci na zamani. Littafin girke-girke na Masar na ƙarni na 13-14 mai taken Kanz al-fawāʾid [fr] yana ba da girke-rikice don shi, yana buƙatar dumama madara, yana barin shi sanyi don cream ɗin ya tara, sannan ya tattara cream ɗin.&lt;ref name=&quot;NawalNasrallah&quot; /&gt;

Wani ƙamus na Larabci da Ingilishi na Masar na 1895 na marubucin [[Socrates Spiro]] ya fassara ''qishta'' ({{Lang|ar|قشطة}}) &quot;cream&quot;.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
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'''Pastitsio''' (Girka: παστίτσιο, ''pastítsio'') abinci ne da aka dafa tare da nama da sauce, wanda ya fito daga Tsibirin Ionian zuwa Girka. Ana samun bambance-bambance na abincin a wasu ƙasashe kusa da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]].

[[Pasta|&lt;nowiki/&gt;]]

== Sunan da asalinsa ==
[[Fayil:Pastitsio.jpg|right|frameless]]
Pastitsio ya ɗauki sunansa daga Venetian ''pasticcio'', babban iyali na burodi mai ɗanɗano wanda zai iya dogara da nama, kifi, ko pasta, tare da yawancin rubuce-rubuce na girke-girke daga farkon karni na 16,  kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa zamanin yau. Siffofin Italiyanci sun haɗa da ɓawon burodi; wasu sun haɗa da béchamel.&lt;ref&gt;Vincenzo Buonassisi, ''Il Nuovo Codice della Pasta'', Rizzoli 1985 {{ISBN|8817110388}}: 41 recipes&lt;/ref&gt;

Kalmar ''pasticcio'' an tabbatar da ita a karni na 16 a matsayin &quot;kowane irin pastie ko pye&quot;  kuma ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin ''pastīcium'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pasticcio |url=http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/pasticcio/ |access-date=5 March 2014 |website=Vocabolario della lingua italiana |publisher=Treccani}}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda aka samo daga ''Pasta'', kuma yana nufin &quot;pie&quot;, kuma ya haɓaka ma'anar alama ta &quot;matsayi&quot;, &quot;yanayi mai tsanani&quot;, ko ''pastiche''.&lt;ref&gt;''Oxford Paravia Italian Dictionary'', 2001, {{ISBN|0-19-860437-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sunan wani nau'in Italiyanci, lasagna, wanda aka yi da [[Taliya|noodles]], ya fito ne daga Latin {{Lang|la|lasanum}}, &quot;ginin dafa abinci&quot;.

== Misira ==
Ana kiran fassarar Masar {{Lang|arz|مكرونة بالبشاميل}} ''macarona bil-bechamel'' a cikin Larabci na Masar, ''watau'' &quot;macaroni tare da béchamel&quot;. Ana yin abincin ne da penne ko macaroni pasta, soya mai nama tare da tumatir da albasa, da kuma farin soya sau da yawa ana wadatar da shi da Cuku na Rumi. Kwai ko cuku (cheddar da mozzarella) [dubious - discussion] ana iya yin burodi a saman. An gabatar da abincin ne a Misira ta hanyar baƙi na Girka da Italiya a karni na 19. 

== Dubi kuma ==

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'''Pastitsio''' (Girka: παστίτσιο, ''pastítsio'') abinci ne da aka dafa tare da nama da sauce, wanda ya fito daga Tsibirin Ionian zuwa Girka. Ana samun bambance-bambance na abincin a wasu ƙasashe kusa da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]].

[[Pasta|&lt;nowiki/&gt;]]

== Sunan da asalinsa ==
[[Fayil:Pastitsio.jpg|right|frameless]]
Pastitsio ya ɗauki sunansa daga Venetian ''pasticcio'', babban iyali na burodi mai ɗanɗano wanda zai iya dogara da nama, kifi, ko pasta, tare da yawancin rubuce-rubuce na girke-girke daga farkon karni na 16,  kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa zamanin yau. Siffofin Italiyanci sun haɗa da ɓawon burodi; wasu sun haɗa da béchamel.&lt;ref&gt;Vincenzo Buonassisi, ''Il Nuovo Codice della Pasta'', Rizzoli 1985 {{ISBN|8817110388}}: 41 recipes&lt;/ref&gt;

Kalmar ''pasticcio'' an tabbatar da ita a karni na 16 a matsayin &quot;kowane irin pastie ko pye&quot;  kuma ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin ''pastīcium'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pasticcio |url=http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/pasticcio/ |access-date=5 March 2014 |website=Vocabolario della lingua italiana |publisher=Treccani}}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda aka samo daga ''Pasta'', kuma yana nufin &quot;pie&quot;, kuma ya haɓaka ma'anar alama ta &quot;matsayi&quot;, &quot;yanayi mai tsanani&quot;, ko ''pastiche''.&lt;ref&gt;''Oxford Paravia Italian Dictionary'', 2001, {{ISBN|0-19-860437-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sunan wani nau'in Italiyanci, lasagna, wanda aka yi da [[Taliya|noodles]], ya fito ne daga Latin {{Lang|la|lasanum}}, &quot;ginin dafa abinci&quot;.

== Misira ==
Ana kiran fassarar Masar {{Lang|arz|مكرونة بالبشاميل}} ''macarona bil-bechamel'' a cikin Larabci na Masar, ''watau'' &quot;macaroni tare da béchamel&quot;. Ana yin abincin ne da penne ko macaroni pasta, soya mai nama tare da tumatir da albasa, da kuma farin soya sau da yawa ana wadatar da shi da Cuku na Rumi. Kwai ko cuku (cheddar da mozzarella) [dubious - discussion] ana iya yin burodi a saman. An gabatar da abincin ne a Misira ta hanyar baƙi na Girka da Italiya a karni na 19. 

== Dubi kuma ==

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349605683|Pastirma]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Pastirma_with_three_eggs.jpg|thumb|Pastirma tare da ƙwai uku, abincin karin kumallo na yau da kullun]]
'''Pastirma''' nama ne mai ɗanɗano, nama mai bushewa da iska, yawanci buffalo ko naman sa, wanda ake samu a cikin abinci da yawa na Balkan da Bahar Rum a ƙarƙashin sunaye daban-daban.

== Etimology da tarihi ==
Abincin yana da sunaye da yawa a cikin abinci iri-iri. An san shi da ko ''''''Pastourma'''''',  pastima, &lt;ref name=&quot;Govezhda&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 June 2017 |title=Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1106 of 21 June 2017 entering a name in the register of traditional specialities guaranteed (Пастърма говежда (Pastarma govezhda) (TSG)) |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R1106 |access-date=5 May 2025 |website=Official Journal of the European Union}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''pastırma''', '''pastrma''',  '''basdirma''', [3]'''basterma''',  '''basturma''',  ko '''aboukh'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=harry g. levine |date=2007 |title=pastrami land: the jewish deli in new york city |journal=Contexts |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=67– |doi=10.1525/ctx.2007.6.3.67 |jstor=41801065 |s2cid=60894880 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2016 |title=How Do You Say Basturma in Armenian? |url=https://armenianprelacy.org/2016/07/08/how-do-you-say-basturma-in-armenian/ |website=The Armenian Prelacy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana shirya Pastirma ta hanyar gishiri nama, sannan a wanke shi da ruwa sannan a bar shi ya bushe na kwanaki Goat zuwa 15. Bayan haka ana matse jini da gishiri daga nama wanda aka rufe shi da cumin da ake kira çemen (lit. &quot;[[fenugreek]]&quot;) wanda aka shirya tare da kumin, fenugreek, [[tafarnuwa]], da paprika mai zafi, sannan kuma ya bushe iska sosai. Kodayake nama na shanu shine nama mafi yawanci a yau, ana amfani ''Ya zama'' daban-daban dangane da yankin, gami da [[raƙumi]], Ɗan rago, awaki, da buffalo na ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;Maria Kaneva-Johnson: ''The Melting Pot. Balkan Food and Cookery.'' Prospect Books, 1995. {{ISBN|0-907325-57-2}}. p. 62&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

== Abinciccika ==
Pastirma tana cikin abincin Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, [[Bosnia da Herzegovina]], Romania, Bulgaria, Masar, Kurdawa, Girka, Cyprus, Iraki,da Levant, Arewacin Makidoniya, Turkiyya da [[Georgia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 May 2015 |title=Osmanlı/İstanbul mutfağı üzerine |url=http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/yeryuzu_sofralari/314013/Osmanli_istanbul_mutfagi_uzerine.html |access-date=2018-11-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;[6]

=== Misira ===
A Misira bastirma ({{Lang|arz|بسطرمة}}) ana yin sa ne daga yankan naman sa ko buffalo na ruwa, &lt;ref name=&quot;gagaoua&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gagaoua |first=Mohammed |last2=Boudechicha |first2=Hiba-Ryma |date=2018-06-01 |title=Ethnic meat products of the North African and Mediterranean countries: An overview |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01723925/file/2018_Gagaoua_J_Etnic_Foods.pdf |journal=Journal of Ethnic Foods |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=83–98 |doi=10.1016/j.jef.2018.02.004 |issn=2352-6181 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamar idon zagaye ko tenderloin. Wadannan yankan ana fara warkar da su da gishiri don cire danshi mai yawa. Bayan tsarin warkarwa, ana rufe nama a cikin rigar da aka yi da cakuda kayan yaji, gami da [[fenugreek]], paprika, cumin, baƙar fata, da [[tafarnuwa]], wanda ke haifar da ɓawon burodi mai ɗanɗano. Ana barin nama ya bushe har sai ya kai wani abu mai ƙarfi, tsawon lokacin da ya bambanta da girmansa, kuma a ƙarshe ana ba da shi a cikin ƙananan sassan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 June 2020 |title=Basturma (Pastirma or Just Basturma?) |url=https://amiraspantry.com/basturma-pastirma-or-just-bastirma/ |access-date=March 17, 2025 |website=Amira's Pantry}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sau da yawa ana cinye shi tare da ƙwai don karin kumallo ko kuma a matsayin saman a wasu jita-jita, kamar nau'ikan biki masu ɗanɗano.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Pastirma''' nama ne mai ɗanɗano, nama mai bushewa da iska, yawanci buffalo ko naman sa, wanda ake samu a cikin abinci da yawa na Balkan da Bahar Rum a ƙarƙashin sunaye daban-daban.

== Etimology da tarihi ==
Abincin yana da sunaye da yawa a cikin abinci iri-iri. An san shi da ko ''''''Pastourma'''''',  pastima, &lt;ref name=&quot;Govezhda&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 June 2017 |title=Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1106 of 21 June 2017 entering a name in the register of traditional specialities guaranteed (Пастърма говежда (Pastarma govezhda) (TSG)) |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R1106 |access-date=5 May 2025 |website=Official Journal of the European Union}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''pastırma''', '''pastrma''',  '''basdirma''', [3]'''basterma''',  '''basturma''',  ko '''aboukh'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=harry g. levine |date=2007 |title=pastrami land: the jewish deli in new york city |journal=Contexts |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=67– |doi=10.1525/ctx.2007.6.3.67 |jstor=41801065 |s2cid=60894880 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2016 |title=How Do You Say Basturma in Armenian? |url=https://armenianprelacy.org/2016/07/08/how-do-you-say-basturma-in-armenian/ |website=The Armenian Prelacy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana shirya Pastirma ta hanyar gishiri nama, sannan a wanke shi da ruwa sannan a bar shi ya bushe na kwanaki Goat zuwa 15. Bayan haka ana matse jini da gishiri daga nama wanda aka rufe shi da cumin da ake kira çemen (lit. &quot;[[fenugreek]]&quot;) wanda aka shirya tare da kumin, fenugreek, [[tafarnuwa]], da paprika mai zafi, sannan kuma ya bushe iska sosai. Kodayake nama na shanu shine nama mafi yawanci a yau, ana amfani ''Ya zama'' daban-daban dangane da yankin, gami da [[raƙumi]], Ɗan rago, awaki, da buffalo na ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;Maria Kaneva-Johnson: ''The Melting Pot. Balkan Food and Cookery.'' Prospect Books, 1995. {{ISBN|0-907325-57-2}}. p. 62&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

== Abinciccika ==
Pastirma tana cikin abincin Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, [[Bosnia da Herzegovina]], Romania, Bulgaria, Masar, Kurdawa, Girka, Cyprus, Iraki,da Levant, Arewacin Makidoniya, Turkiyya da [[Georgia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 May 2015 |title=Osmanlı/İstanbul mutfağı üzerine |url=http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/yeryuzu_sofralari/314013/Osmanli_istanbul_mutfagi_uzerine.html |access-date=2018-11-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;[6]

=== Misira ===
A Misira bastirma ({{Lang|arz|بسطرمة}}) ana yin sa ne daga yankan naman sa ko buffalo na ruwa, &lt;ref name=&quot;gagaoua&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gagaoua |first=Mohammed |last2=Boudechicha |first2=Hiba-Ryma |date=2018-06-01 |title=Ethnic meat products of the North African and Mediterranean countries: An overview |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01723925/file/2018_Gagaoua_J_Etnic_Foods.pdf |journal=Journal of Ethnic Foods |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=83–98 |doi=10.1016/j.jef.2018.02.004 |issn=2352-6181 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamar idon zagaye ko tenderloin. Wadannan yankan ana fara warkar da su da gishiri don cire danshi mai yawa. Bayan tsarin warkarwa, ana rufe nama a cikin rigar da aka yi da cakuda kayan yaji, gami da [[fenugreek]], paprika, cumin, baƙar fata, da [[tafarnuwa]], wanda ke haifar da ɓawon burodi mai ɗanɗano. Ana barin nama ya bushe har sai ya kai wani abu mai ƙarfi, tsawon lokacin da ya bambanta da girmansa, kuma a ƙarshe ana ba da shi a cikin ƙananan sassan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 June 2020 |title=Basturma (Pastirma or Just Basturma?) |url=https://amiraspantry.com/basturma-pastirma-or-just-bastirma/ |access-date=March 17, 2025 |website=Amira's Pantry}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sau da yawa ana cinye shi tare da ƙwai don karin kumallo ko kuma a matsayin saman a wasu jita-jita, kamar nau'ikan biki masu ɗanɗano.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Cutar da ita</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347503786|Chow mein]]&quot;</comment>
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'''''Chow mein''''' ( / ˈtʃ aʊ ˈmeɪn / da / / aʊ​ ˈmiːn / , Sinanci simplified Chinese   ; Cantonese Yale : ''cháaumihn'', Pinyin : ''chǎomiàn'' ) abinci ne na [[Taliya|taliyar]] soyayyen kasar Sin da kayan lambu, wani lokacin kuma nama ko tofu. Tsawon ƙarni, an samar da nau'ikan ''chǎomiàn'' a yankuna da yawa na kasar Sin; akwai hanyoyi da dama na soya taliyar kuma ana iya amfani da nau'ikan abubuwan da za a saka a ciki.  &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|&lt;span title=&quot;The authors only speculated that the dish originated in the wheat growing region of Northern China but did not mention anything else on before it arrived in America. (December 2022)&quot;&gt;tabbacin da ya gaza&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Baƙi 'yan China ne suka gabatar da shi a wasu ƙasashe. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Abincin ya shahara a duk faɗin ƙasar Sin kuma yana bayyana a cikin jerin abincin da yawancin gidajen cin abinci na China ke bayarwa a ƙasashen waje.  Yana da shahara musamman a Indiya,  Nepal,  Burtaniya,  da Amurka.

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
'Chow mein' shine kalmar Amurka da Sin ke amfani da ita don taliyar soyayyen ( traditional Chinese         ).  Furcinsa ya fito ne daga furucin Cantonese &quot;chaomin&quot;; kalmar ta fara bayyana a Turanci (Amurka) a 1906.  Kalmar 'chow mein' na nufin 'taliya da aka soya', kuma an fassara ta a hankali a matsayin &quot;taliya soyayye&quot; a Turanci, ''chow'' ( Chinese    ) ma'ana 'soyayyen' (ko &quot;soyayyen&quot;) da kuma ''mein'' ( simplified Chinese       ) ma'ana &quot;taliya&quot;.

== Abincin yanki ==

=== Abincin Sinanci na Amurka ===
[[Fayil:Chicken_chow_mein_by_roland_in_Vancouver.jpg|thumb|Chicken cube chow mein]]
[[Fayil:Subgum_chow_mein.jpg|thumb|Subgum chow mein]]
[[Fayil:HK_Arena_Sunday_AsiaWorld_Expo_Food_Soy_Sauce_Fried_Noodles_豉油皇炒麵.JPG|thumb|Miyar waken soya chow mein]]
An kawo Chaomian daga China zuwa Amurka ta hanyar baƙi 'yan China waɗanda suka fito daga lardunan Guangdong a zamanin neman zinare a California, wanda hakan ya kawo salon girkin Cantonese. 

A cikin abincin Sinawa na Amurka, abinci ne da aka soya wanda ya ƙunshi [[taliya]], [[nama]] (kaza ya fi yawa amma wani lokacin ana maye gurbinsa da naman alade, naman sa, jatan lande ko tofu), [[albasa]] da seleri . Sau da yawa ana ba da shi azaman abinci na musamman a gidajen cin abinci na ƙasashen yamma . Chow mein na masu cin ganyayyaki ko vegan suma abu ne da aka saba da shi.

A kasuwar Amurka, nau'ikan chow mein guda biyu sun haɗa da crispy chow mein da steamed chow mein.

Chow mein da aka dafa da tururi yana da laushi, yayin da na farko ya fi kauri da bushewa. Chow mein mai kauri yana amfani da taliya soyayye, mai faɗi, yayin da chow mein mai laushi yana amfani da taliya mai tsayi da zagaye. &lt;ref name=&quot;gourmetsleuth&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web |last=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date=&lt;!--undated--&gt; |title=Chow mein noodles, fried |url=http://www.gourmetsleuth.com/ingredients/detail/chow-mein-noodles-fried |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714082913/http://www.gourmetsleuth.com/ingredients/detail/chow-mein-noodles-fried |archive-date=July 14, 2015 |access-date=June 16, 2015 |website=GourmetSleuth}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

Crispy chow mein ko dai yana da albasa da seleri a cikin abincin da aka gama ko kuma ana ba shi &quot;a tace&quot;, ba tare da [[Kayan miya|kayan lambu]] ba. Chow mein da aka dafa da tururi zai iya samun nau'ikan kayan lambu daban-daban a cikin abincin da aka gama, galibi sun haɗa da albasa da seleri amma wani lokacin [[karas]], kabeji da kuma wake mung . Crispy chow mein yawanci ana ɗora shi da miya mai kauri mai launin ruwan kasa, yayin da steamed chow mein ana haɗa shi da miyar waken soya kafin a yi hidima. &lt;ref name=&quot;madeinfallriver&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date=September 23, 2008 |title=The pounds – of noodles – pile up at chow mein factory |url=http://www.madeinfallriver.com/content/pounds-noodles-pile-chow-mein-factory |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206170148/http://www.madeinfallriver.com/content/pounds-noodles-pile-chow-mein-factory |archive-date=December 6, 2013 |access-date=September 12, 2010 |website=Made In Fall River |publisher=GateHouse Media, Inc.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai bambanci a yanki a Amurka tsakanin amfani da kalmar &quot;chow mein&quot; ta Gabas da Yammacin Tekun Yamma. A Gabashin Tekun, &quot;chow mein&quot; koyaushe nau'in mai kauri ne. [1] A wasu gidajen cin abinci da ke waɗannan yankunan, taliyar chow mein mai kauri wani lokacin ana soya ta sosai [2] kuma tana iya zama mai kauri &quot;kamar waɗanda ke cikin gwangwani&quot; [3] ko kuma &quot;soyayye kamar yadda ake soya kamar hash browns&quot;. [4] A wasu wurare na Gabashin Tekun, ana ba da &quot;chow mein&quot; a kan shinkafa. [5] A can, salon tururi ta amfani da taliya mai laushi wani abinci ne daban da ake kira &quot; lo mein &quot;. A Gabashin Tekun Yamma, &quot;chow mein&quot; koyaushe salon tururi ne, kuma kalmar &quot;lo mein&quot; ba a amfani da ita sosai. [6] [7]

Ana iya yin amfani da nau'in chow mein mai kauri a cikin burodi irin na hamburger a matsayin sanwicin chow mein . &lt;ref name=&quot;madeinfallriver&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date=September 23, 2008 |title=The pounds – of noodles – pile up at chow mein factory |url=http://www.madeinfallriver.com/content/pounds-noodles-pile-chow-mein-factory |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206170148/http://www.madeinfallriver.com/content/pounds-noodles-pile-chow-mein-factory |archive-date=December 6, 2013 |access-date=September 12, 2010 |website=Made In Fall River |publisher=GateHouse Media, Inc.}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131206170148/http://www.madeinfallriver.com/content/pounds-noodles-pile-chow-mein-factory &quot;The pounds – of noodles – pile up at chow mein factory&quot;]. ''Made In Fall River''. GateHouse Media, Inc. September 23, 2008. Archived from [http://www.madeinfallriver.com/content/pounds-noodles-pile-chow-mein-factory the original] on December 6, 2013&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;September 12,&lt;/span&gt; 2010&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai kuma bambance-bambance kan yadda ake iya shirya ɗayan manyan nau'ikan chow mein guda biyu a matsayin abinci. Lokacin yin odar &quot;chow mein&quot; a wasu gidajen cin abinci a Chicago, mai cin abinci zai iya karɓar &quot; chop suey da aka zuba a kan taliyar soyayyen mai kauri&quot;.  A Philadelphia, chow mein na Amurka yana kama da chop suey amma yana da taliyar soyayyen mai kauri a gefe kuma ya haɗa da seleri da wake da yawa kuma wani lokacin ana tare da shinkafa soyayye.  Jeremy Iggers na ''Star Tribune'' ya bayyana &quot;chow mein na Minnesota&quot; a matsayin &quot;slurry kore na seleri da naman alade da aka niƙa a saman tare da ribbons na kaza da aka sarrafa launin toka&quot;.  Ɗan jaridar Bay Area William Wong ya yi irin wannan sharhi game da abin da ake sayarwa a matsayin chow mein a wurare kamar Minnesota.  Girke-girke da aka buga na chow mein na Minnesota ya haɗa da manyan sassan seleri da wake.   Wani nau'in Minnesota ya haɗa da naman sa da aka niƙa da kirim na miyar namomin kaza .  A [[Louisiana]], &quot;Cajun chow mein&quot; abincin shinkafa ne wanda ba shi da taliya wanda aka yi da jambalaya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bodin |first=Merlin |title=Cajun Chow Mein |url=https://www.cajun-recipes.com/html/jambalaya/40895.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703182911/http://cajun-recipes.com/html/jambalaya/40895.htm |archive-date=2014-07-03 |website=A Cajun Family's Recipe Collection}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maher |first=Jessica |title=Cajun Chow Mein |url=https://kitchenbelleicious.com/2014/08/19/cajun-chow-mein/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822090041/http://kitchenbelleicious.com/2014/08/19/cajun-chow-mein |archive-date=2014-08-22 |website=Kitchen Belleicious}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masana tarihin abinci da kuma masana al'adun ɗan adam sun lura cewa chow mein da sauran abincin da ake bayarwa a gidajen cin abinci na Amurka na China waɗanda ke nesa da yankunan da ba su da yawan jama'ar Asiyawa, galibi suna da bambanci sosai da abin da ake bayarwa a China kuma an gyara su sosai don dacewa da fifikon ɗanɗanon da al'ummar yankin ke so. &lt;ref name=&quot;essaybook&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=amp}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Misali, miya mai daɗin chow mein da ake so a yankin Fall River ya fi kama da wanda ake amfani da shi a girkin New England na gida fiye da wanda ake amfani da shi a girkin gargajiya na China. Wanda ya ƙirƙiri chow mein na gwangwani, wanda ya kafa masana'antar abinci Chun King, ya yarda cewa yana amfani da kayan ƙanshi na Italiya don sa samfurinsa ya zama abin karɓa ga Amurkawa waɗanda kakanninsu suka fito daga Turai. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''''Chow mein''''' ( / ˈtʃ aʊ ˈmeɪn / da / / aʊ​ ˈmiːn / , Sinanci simplified Chinese   ; Cantonese Yale : ''cháaumihn'', Pinyin : ''chǎomiàn'' ) abinci ne na [[Taliya|taliyar]] soyayyen kasar Sin da kayan lambu, wani lokacin kuma nama ko tofu. Tsawon ƙarni, an samar da nau'ikan ''chǎomiàn'' a yankuna da yawa na kasar Sin; akwai hanyoyi da dama na soya taliyar kuma ana iya amfani da nau'ikan abubuwan da za a saka a ciki.  &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|&lt;span title=&quot;The authors only speculated that the dish originated in the wheat growing region of Northern China but did not mention anything else on before it arrived in America. (December 2022)&quot;&gt;tabbacin da ya gaza&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Baƙi 'yan China ne suka gabatar da shi a wasu ƙasashe. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Abincin ya shahara a duk faɗin ƙasar Sin kuma yana bayyana a cikin jerin abincin da yawancin gidajen cin abinci na China ke bayarwa a ƙasashen waje.  Yana da shahara musamman a Indiya,  Nepal,  Burtaniya,  da Amurka.

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
'Chow mein' shine kalmar Amurka da Sin ke amfani da ita don taliyar soyayyen ( traditional Chinese         ).  Furcinsa ya fito ne daga furucin Cantonese &quot;chaomin&quot;; kalmar ta fara bayyana a Turanci (Amurka) a 1906.  Kalmar 'chow mein' na nufin 'taliya da aka soya', kuma an fassara ta a hankali a matsayin &quot;taliya soyayye&quot; a Turanci, ''chow'' ( Chinese    ) ma'ana 'soyayyen' (ko &quot;soyayyen&quot;) da kuma ''mein'' ( simplified Chinese       ) ma'ana &quot;taliya&quot;.

== Abincin yanki ==

=== Abincin Sinanci na Amurka ===
[[Fayil:Chicken_chow_mein_by_roland_in_Vancouver.jpg|thumb|Chicken cube chow mein]]
[[Fayil:Subgum_chow_mein.jpg|thumb|Subgum chow mein]]
[[Fayil:HK_Arena_Sunday_AsiaWorld_Expo_Food_Soy_Sauce_Fried_Noodles_豉油皇炒麵.JPG|thumb|Miyar waken soya chow mein]]
An kawo Chaomian daga China zuwa Amurka ta hanyar baƙi 'yan China waɗanda suka fito daga lardunan Guangdong a zamanin neman zinare a California, wanda hakan ya kawo salon girkin Cantonese. 

A cikin abincin Sinawa na Amurka, abinci ne da aka soya wanda ya ƙunshi [[taliya]], [[nama]] (kaza ya fi yawa amma wani lokacin ana maye gurbinsa da naman alade, naman sa, jatan lande ko tofu), [[albasa]] da seleri . Sau da yawa ana ba da shi azaman abinci na musamman a gidajen cin abinci na ƙasashen yamma . Chow mein na masu cin ganyayyaki ko vegan suma abu ne da aka saba da shi.

A kasuwar Amurka, nau'ikan chow mein guda biyu sun haɗa da crispy chow mein da steamed chow mein.

Chow mein da aka dafa da tururi yana da laushi, yayin da na farko ya fi kauri da bushewa. Chow mein mai kauri yana amfani da taliya soyayye, mai faɗi, yayin da chow mein mai laushi yana amfani da taliya mai tsayi da zagaye. &lt;ref name=&quot;gourmetsleuth&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web |last=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date=&lt;!--undated--&gt; |title=Chow mein noodles, fried |url=http://www.gourmetsleuth.com/ingredients/detail/chow-mein-noodles-fried |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714082913/http://www.gourmetsleuth.com/ingredients/detail/chow-mein-noodles-fried |archive-date=July 14, 2015 |access-date=June 16, 2015 |website=GourmetSleuth}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

Crispy chow mein ko dai yana da albasa da seleri a cikin abincin da aka gama ko kuma ana ba shi &quot;a tace&quot;, ba tare da [[Kayan miya|kayan lambu]] ba. Chow mein da aka dafa da tururi zai iya samun nau'ikan kayan lambu daban-daban a cikin abincin da aka gama, galibi sun haɗa da albasa da seleri amma wani lokacin [[karas]], kabeji da kuma wake mung . Crispy chow mein yawanci ana ɗora shi da miya mai kauri mai launin ruwan kasa, yayin da steamed chow mein ana haɗa shi da miyar waken soya kafin a yi hidima. &lt;ref name=&quot;madeinfallriver&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date=September 23, 2008 |title=The pounds – of noodles – pile up at chow mein factory |url=http://www.madeinfallriver.com/content/pounds-noodles-pile-chow-mein-factory |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206170148/http://www.madeinfallriver.com/content/pounds-noodles-pile-chow-mein-factory |archive-date=December 6, 2013 |access-date=September 12, 2010 |website=Made In Fall River |publisher=GateHouse Media, Inc.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai bambanci a yanki a Amurka tsakanin amfani da kalmar &quot;chow mein&quot; ta Gabas da Yammacin Tekun Yamma. A Gabashin Tekun, &quot;chow mein&quot; koyaushe nau'in mai kauri ne. [1] A wasu gidajen cin abinci da ke waɗannan yankunan, taliyar chow mein mai kauri wani lokacin ana soya ta sosai [2] kuma tana iya zama mai kauri &quot;kamar waɗanda ke cikin gwangwani&quot; [3] ko kuma &quot;soyayye kamar yadda ake soya kamar hash browns&quot;. [4] A wasu wurare na Gabashin Tekun, ana ba da &quot;chow mein&quot; a kan shinkafa. [5] A can, salon tururi ta amfani da taliya mai laushi wani abinci ne daban da ake kira &quot; lo mein &quot;. A Gabashin Tekun Yamma, &quot;chow mein&quot; koyaushe salon tururi ne, kuma kalmar &quot;lo mein&quot; ba a amfani da ita sosai. [6] [7]

Ana iya yin amfani da nau'in chow mein mai kauri a cikin burodi irin na hamburger a matsayin sanwicin chow mein . &lt;ref name=&quot;madeinfallriver&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date=September 23, 2008 |title=The pounds – of noodles – pile up at chow mein factory |url=http://www.madeinfallriver.com/content/pounds-noodles-pile-chow-mein-factory |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206170148/http://www.madeinfallriver.com/content/pounds-noodles-pile-chow-mein-factory |archive-date=December 6, 2013 |access-date=September 12, 2010 |website=Made In Fall River |publisher=GateHouse Media, Inc.}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131206170148/http://www.madeinfallriver.com/content/pounds-noodles-pile-chow-mein-factory &quot;The pounds – of noodles – pile up at chow mein factory&quot;]. ''Made In Fall River''. GateHouse Media, Inc. September 23, 2008. Archived from [http://www.madeinfallriver.com/content/pounds-noodles-pile-chow-mein-factory the original] on December 6, 2013&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;September 12,&lt;/span&gt; 2010&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai kuma bambance-bambance kan yadda ake iya shirya ɗayan manyan nau'ikan chow mein guda biyu a matsayin abinci. Lokacin yin odar &quot;chow mein&quot; a wasu gidajen cin abinci a Chicago, mai cin abinci zai iya karɓar &quot; chop suey da aka zuba a kan taliyar soyayyen mai kauri&quot;.  A Philadelphia, chow mein na Amurka yana kama da chop suey amma yana da taliyar soyayyen mai kauri a gefe kuma ya haɗa da seleri da wake da yawa kuma wani lokacin ana tare da shinkafa soyayye.  Jeremy Iggers na ''Star Tribune'' ya bayyana &quot;chow mein na Minnesota&quot; a matsayin &quot;slurry kore na seleri da naman alade da aka niƙa a saman tare da ribbons na kaza da aka sarrafa launin toka&quot;.  Ɗan jaridar Bay Area William Wong ya yi irin wannan sharhi game da abin da ake sayarwa a matsayin chow mein a wurare kamar Minnesota.  Girke-girke da aka buga na chow mein na Minnesota ya haɗa da manyan sassan seleri da wake.   Wani nau'in Minnesota ya haɗa da naman sa da aka niƙa da kirim na miyar namomin kaza .  A [[Louisiana]], &quot;Cajun chow mein&quot; abincin shinkafa ne wanda ba shi da taliya wanda aka yi da jambalaya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bodin |first=Merlin |title=Cajun Chow Mein |url=https://www.cajun-recipes.com/html/jambalaya/40895.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703182911/http://cajun-recipes.com/html/jambalaya/40895.htm |archive-date=2014-07-03 |website=A Cajun Family's Recipe Collection}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maher |first=Jessica |title=Cajun Chow Mein |url=https://kitchenbelleicious.com/2014/08/19/cajun-chow-mein/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822090041/http://kitchenbelleicious.com/2014/08/19/cajun-chow-mein |archive-date=2014-08-22 |website=Kitchen Belleicious}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masana tarihin abinci da kuma masana al'adun ɗan adam sun lura cewa chow mein da sauran abincin da ake bayarwa a gidajen cin abinci na Amurka na China waɗanda ke nesa da yankunan da ba su da yawan jama'ar Asiyawa, galibi suna da bambanci sosai da abin da ake bayarwa a China kuma an gyara su sosai don dacewa da fifikon ɗanɗanon da al'ummar yankin ke so. &lt;ref name=&quot;essaybook&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=amp}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Misali, miya mai daɗin chow mein da ake so a yankin Fall River ya fi kama da wanda ake amfani da shi a girkin New England na gida fiye da wanda ake amfani da shi a girkin gargajiya na China. Wanda ya ƙirƙiri chow mein na gwangwani, wanda ya kafa masana'antar abinci Chun King, ya yarda cewa yana amfani da kayan ƙanshi na Italiya don sa samfurinsa ya zama abin karɓa ga Amurkawa waɗanda kakanninsu suka fito daga Turai. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Om Ali</title>
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'''Om Ali''', '''Omali''', '''Umm Ali''', ko '''Oumm Ali''' (Arabic), ma'ana &quot;Uwar Ali&quot;, kayan gargajiya ne na Masar, kuma kayan zaki ne na ƙasar Masar. Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa tare da abun da ke ciki daban-daban.&lt;ref name=&quot;AllRec&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Girgis |first=Nancy |title=Om Ali |url=http://allrecipes.com/recipe/19898/om-ali/ |website=All Recipes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cleobuttera&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 4, 2015 |title=Best Ever Om Ali (Egyptian Bread Pudding) |url=http://cleobuttera.com/middle-eastern/best-ever-om-ali-egyptian-bread-pudding/ |access-date=24 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abincin, wanda aka gano har zuwa [[Misra|Misira]] ta Tsakiya, an sanya masa suna ne bayan matar Sultan na Misira. Ana yawan cinye shi a lokacin Ramadan a matsayin wani ɓangare na ''Iftar'' ko bikin faɗuwar rana. 
[[Fayil:Om_Ali_in_Khal_el_Khalili.jpg|thumb|Om Ali kamar yadda ya yi aiki a gidan cin abinci na Khan el Khalili da Naguib Mahfouz Café (est. 1989), Alkahira]]

== Tarihi ==
Akwai nau'o'i da yawa game da asalin abincin. Mafi yawan abin da aka ambata shi ne cewa ya samo asali ne a matsayin bikin mutuwar Shajar al-Durr a shekara ta 1257, wanda ya auri Sultan na karshe na Masar daga Daular Ayyubid, As-Salih, sannan kuma ga na farko na Mamluk Sultans na Masar, Izz al-Din Aybak . Shajar al-Durr ta shirya kisan Aybak, bayan haka ta zama mai mulkin Masar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=From Slave to Sultana: The Story of Shajar al-Durr |url=https://csa-living.org/oasis-blog/from-slave-to-sultana-the-story-of-shajar-al-durr |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=CSA Reviving Community |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Levanoni |first=Amalia |date=February 2010 |title=Shajar al-Durr: A Case of Female Sultanate in Medieval Islam |url=https://worldhistoryconnected.press.uillinois.edu/7.1/levanoni.html |journal=World History Connected |volume=7 |issue=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga ƙarshe, an kashe ta a matsayin fansa, bayan matar farko ta Aybak, wacce aka sani da Om Ali, ta nemi a shirya kayan zaki don bikin. A wasu sassan labarin, Om Ali kanta ita ce mai kisan kai, ta doke Shajar har ta mutu da clogs. An shahara da abincin a duk faɗin ƙasar, kuma an sanya masa suna bayan Om Ali.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hankir |first=Zahra |date=September 25, 2018 |title=The Legend of Om Ali &amp;#124; Egypt's Resilient National Dessert |url=https://amuse.vice.com/en_us/article/a3p874/om-ali-egyptian-dessert |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207001549/https://amuse.vice.com/en_us/article/a3p874/om-ali-egyptian-dessert |archive-date=February 7, 2020 |access-date=February 7, 2020 |website=Amuse |publisher=Vice Media}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani sashi shi ne cewa Om Ali ta yi bikin mutuwar mijinta, Aybak, kuma ta nemi masu dafa abinci su zo da kayan zaki mafi dadi. Masu dafa abinci sun yi amfani da abin da ke hannunsu: gurasa, madara da sukari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Knelly |first=Clarice |date=2023-01-02 |title=Egyptian Dessert Om Ali Has A Dark Origin Story |url=https://www.tastingtable.com/1154020/egyptian-dessert-om-ali-has-a-dark-origin-story/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Tasting Table |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kayan girke-girke ==
Yawanci, burodi (gurasa, burodi ko burodi) ana raba shi zuwa ɓangarori kuma an haɗa shi da Pistachios, [[Attagara|Kwayoyin kwakwa]], ruwan inabi da yawan sukari. Ana zuba madara, wani lokacin tare da cream, a kan cakuda, wanda aka yayyafa shi da cinnamon. A ƙarshe, ana yin cakuda a cikin tanda har sai farfajiyar ta zama launin ruwan kasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cleobuttera&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 4, 2015 |title=Best Ever Om Ali (Egyptian Bread Pudding) |url=http://cleobuttera.com/middle-eastern/best-ever-om-ali-egyptian-bread-pudding/ |access-date=24 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana iya cinye shi da zafi ko sanyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hankir |first=Zahra |date=September 25, 2018 |title=The Legend of Om Ali &amp;#124; Egypt's Resilient National Dessert |url=https://amuse.vice.com/en_us/article/a3p874/om-ali-egyptian-dessert |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207001549/https://amuse.vice.com/en_us/article/a3p874/om-ali-egyptian-dessert |archive-date=February 7, 2020 |access-date=February 7, 2020 |website=Amuse |publisher=Vice Media}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai bambance-bambance daban-daban na Jordan da Iraqi da aka sani da &quot;''Khumaiaa''&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-04-13 |title=7 Traditional Ramadan Delicacies You Must Try |url=https://natakallam.com/7-traditional-ramadan-delicacies-you-must-try/ |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=NaTakallam |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana iya kwatanta abincin da burodi da man shanu, kodayake ƙarshen ya haɗa da ƙwai.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Om Ali''', '''Omali''', '''Umm Ali''', ko '''Oumm Ali''' (Arabic), ma'ana &quot;Uwar Ali&quot;, kayan gargajiya ne na Masar, kuma kayan zaki ne na ƙasar Masar. Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa tare da abun da ke ciki daban-daban.&lt;ref name=&quot;AllRec&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Girgis |first=Nancy |title=Om Ali |url=http://allrecipes.com/recipe/19898/om-ali/ |website=All Recipes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cleobuttera&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 4, 2015 |title=Best Ever Om Ali (Egyptian Bread Pudding) |url=http://cleobuttera.com/middle-eastern/best-ever-om-ali-egyptian-bread-pudding/ |access-date=24 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abincin, wanda aka gano har zuwa [[Misra|Misira]] ta Tsakiya, an sanya masa suna ne bayan matar Sultan na Misira. Ana yawan cinye shi a lokacin Ramadan a matsayin wani ɓangare na ''Iftar'' ko bikin faɗuwar rana. 
[[Fayil:Om_Ali_in_Khal_el_Khalili.jpg|thumb|Om Ali kamar yadda ya yi aiki a gidan cin abinci na Khan el Khalili da Naguib Mahfouz Café (est. 1989), Alkahira]]

== Tarihi ==
Akwai nau'o'i da yawa game da asalin abincin. Mafi yawan abin da aka ambata shi ne cewa ya samo asali ne a matsayin bikin mutuwar Shajar al-Durr a shekara ta 1257, wanda ya auri Sultan na karshe na Masar daga Daular Ayyubid, As-Salih, sannan kuma ga na farko na Mamluk Sultans na Masar, Izz al-Din Aybak . Shajar al-Durr ta shirya kisan Aybak, bayan haka ta zama mai mulkin Masar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=From Slave to Sultana: The Story of Shajar al-Durr |url=https://csa-living.org/oasis-blog/from-slave-to-sultana-the-story-of-shajar-al-durr |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=CSA Reviving Community |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Levanoni |first=Amalia |date=February 2010 |title=Shajar al-Durr: A Case of Female Sultanate in Medieval Islam |url=https://worldhistoryconnected.press.uillinois.edu/7.1/levanoni.html |journal=World History Connected |volume=7 |issue=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga ƙarshe, an kashe ta a matsayin fansa, bayan matar farko ta Aybak, wacce aka sani da Om Ali, ta nemi a shirya kayan zaki don bikin. A wasu sassan labarin, Om Ali kanta ita ce mai kisan kai, ta doke Shajar har ta mutu da clogs. An shahara da abincin a duk faɗin ƙasar, kuma an sanya masa suna bayan Om Ali.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hankir |first=Zahra |date=September 25, 2018 |title=The Legend of Om Ali &amp;#124; Egypt's Resilient National Dessert |url=https://amuse.vice.com/en_us/article/a3p874/om-ali-egyptian-dessert |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207001549/https://amuse.vice.com/en_us/article/a3p874/om-ali-egyptian-dessert |archive-date=February 7, 2020 |access-date=February 7, 2020 |website=Amuse |publisher=Vice Media}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani sashi shi ne cewa Om Ali ta yi bikin mutuwar mijinta, Aybak, kuma ta nemi masu dafa abinci su zo da kayan zaki mafi dadi. Masu dafa abinci sun yi amfani da abin da ke hannunsu: gurasa, madara da sukari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Knelly |first=Clarice |date=2023-01-02 |title=Egyptian Dessert Om Ali Has A Dark Origin Story |url=https://www.tastingtable.com/1154020/egyptian-dessert-om-ali-has-a-dark-origin-story/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Tasting Table |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kayan girke-girke ==
Yawanci, burodi (gurasa, burodi ko burodi) ana raba shi zuwa ɓangarori kuma an haɗa shi da Pistachios, [[Attagara|Kwayoyin kwakwa]], ruwan inabi da yawan sukari. Ana zuba madara, wani lokacin tare da cream, a kan cakuda, wanda aka yayyafa shi da cinnamon. A ƙarshe, ana yin cakuda a cikin tanda har sai farfajiyar ta zama launin ruwan kasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cleobuttera&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 4, 2015 |title=Best Ever Om Ali (Egyptian Bread Pudding) |url=http://cleobuttera.com/middle-eastern/best-ever-om-ali-egyptian-bread-pudding/ |access-date=24 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana iya cinye shi da zafi ko sanyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hankir |first=Zahra |date=September 25, 2018 |title=The Legend of Om Ali &amp;#124; Egypt's Resilient National Dessert |url=https://amuse.vice.com/en_us/article/a3p874/om-ali-egyptian-dessert |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207001549/https://amuse.vice.com/en_us/article/a3p874/om-ali-egyptian-dessert |archive-date=February 7, 2020 |access-date=February 7, 2020 |website=Amuse |publisher=Vice Media}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai bambance-bambance daban-daban na Jordan da Iraqi da aka sani da &quot;''Khumaiaa''&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-04-13 |title=7 Traditional Ramadan Delicacies You Must Try |url=https://natakallam.com/7-traditional-ramadan-delicacies-you-must-try/ |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=NaTakallam |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana iya kwatanta abincin da burodi da man shanu, kodayake ƙarshen ya haɗa da ƙwai.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Red qwai na kasar Sin</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333045996|Chinese red eggs]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Jajayen kwai na kasar Sin''' ({{Lang|zh-hant|{{linktext|紅蛋}}}},{{Lang|zh-hant|紅雞蛋}}; ƙwai ja lit. ) ƙwai ne masu haske masu launin ruwan hoda mai tauri da ake amfani da su a cikin abincin Sinawa . Bayan tafasa, ana goge takarda mai launin ja mai danshi a kan ƙwai don ƙirƙirar launin ruwan hoda.
[[Fayil:Red_eggs_2.jpg|thumb|Al'ummar Sinawa a Singapore sun rarraba ƙwai masu launin ja a lokacin bukukuwan haihuwa da kuma bukukuwan jarirai]]
A al'adun kasar Sin, abu ne da aka saba yi a yi bikin citta da ƙwai ja a ranar haihuwar jariri na shekara ta farko inda ake sanar da sunan jaririn ga abokai da dangi a karon farko. Mutum zai iya samun kwano na ƙwai da aka dafa masu launuka masu haske a kan teburin cin abinci na baƙi ko teburin cin abinci, [1] ko kuma mai masaukin baki ya raba ƙwai masu launin ja, wanda ke nuna farin ciki da sabuwar rayuwa. Wani lokaci ana ba wa manyan abokai da 'yan uwa ƙwai ja don ranar haihuwarsu.

== Asali da al'adun gargajiya ==
Kamar yadda yake a al'adun gargajiyar Easter ta Yamma, ƙwai suna wakiltar haihuwa ko sabon farawa; don haka, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a ba wa baƙi ƙwai a lokacin ranar haihuwa mai muhimmanci (kamar watan farko ko shekara ta farko). Launin ja yana nuna wadata da sa'a ga Sinawa.

== Tasiri a wajen China ==

=== Mauritius ===
A [[Moris|ƙasar Mauritius]], 'yan ƙasar Sino-Mauritius sun ci gaba da al'adar raba jajayen ƙwai ga 'yan uwansu don raba farin cikin jariri; wannan al'ada ta faru ne a cikin abin da ake kira ''baptismar chinois'' na yanzu ( lit. baptismar Sinanci). 

== Duba kuma ==

* Kwai mai hayaƙi
* Kwai na shayi

== Manazarta ==</text>
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        <id>39275</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333045996|Chinese red eggs]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Jajayen kwai na kasar Sin''' ({{Lang|zh-hant|{{linktext|紅蛋}}}},{{Lang|zh-hant|紅雞蛋}}; ƙwai ja lit. ) ƙwai ne masu haske masu launin ruwan hoda mai tauri da ake amfani da su a cikin abincin Sinawa . Bayan tafasa, ana goge takarda mai launin ja mai danshi a kan ƙwai don ƙirƙirar launin ruwan hoda.&lt;ref&gt;Parkinson, Rhonda Lauret (1 September 2003). The everything Chinese cookbook: from wonton soup to sweet and sour chicken -- 300 succulent recipes from the Far East. Everything Books. p. 206. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-58062-954-6&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Retrieved 27 March 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Red_eggs_2.jpg|thumb|Al'ummar Sinawa a Singapore sun rarraba ƙwai masu launin ja a lokacin bukukuwan haihuwa da kuma bukukuwan jarirai]]
A al'adun kasar Sin, abu ne da aka saba yi a yi bikin citta da ƙwai ja a ranar haihuwar jariri na shekara ta farko inda ake sanar da sunan jaririn ga abokai da dangi a karon farko. Mutum zai iya samun kwano na ƙwai da aka dafa masu launuka masu haske a kan teburin cin abinci na baƙi ko teburin cin abinci, [1] ko kuma mai masaukin baki ya raba ƙwai masu launin ja, wanda ke nuna farin ciki da sabuwar rayuwa. Wani lokaci ana ba wa manyan abokai da 'yan uwa ƙwai ja don ranar haihuwarsu.

== Asali da al'adun gargajiya ==
Kamar yadda yake a al'adun gargajiyar Easter ta Yamma, ƙwai suna wakiltar haihuwa ko sabon farawa; don haka, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a ba wa baƙi ƙwai a lokacin ranar haihuwa mai muhimmanci (kamar watan farko ko shekara ta farko). Launin ja yana nuna wadata da sa'a ga Sinawa.

== Tasiri a wajen China ==

=== Mauritius ===
A [[Moris|ƙasar Mauritius]], 'yan ƙasar Sino-Mauritius sun ci gaba da al'adar raba jajayen ƙwai ga 'yan uwansu don raba farin cikin jariri; wannan al'ada ta faru ne a cikin abin da ake kira ''baptismar chinois'' na yanzu ( lit. baptismar Sinanci). 

== Duba kuma ==

* Kwai mai hayaƙi
* Kwai na shayi

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829205</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
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      <text bytes="1918" sha1="q9uik6bbtdn78e4ucltezm566qgagdt" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Jajayen kwai na kasar Sin''' ({{Lang|zh-hant|{{linktext|紅蛋}}}},{{Lang|zh-hant|紅雞蛋}}; ƙwai ja lit. ) ƙwai ne masu haske masu launin ruwan hoda mai tauri da ake amfani da su a cikin abincin Sinawa . Bayan tafasa, ana goge takarda mai launin ja mai danshi a kan ƙwai don ƙirƙirar launin ruwan hoda.&lt;ref&gt;Parkinson, Rhonda Lauret (1 September 2003). The everything Chinese cookbook: from wonton soup to sweet and sour chicken -- 300 succulent recipes from the Far East. Everything Books. p. 206. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-58062-954-6&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Retrieved 27 March 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Red_eggs_2.jpg|thumb|Al'ummar Sinawa a Singapore sun rarraba ƙwai masu launin ja a lokacin bukukuwan haihuwa da kuma bukukuwan jarirai]]
A al'adun kasar Sin, abu ne da aka saba yi a yi bikin citta da ƙwai ja a ranar haihuwar jariri na shekara ta farko inda ake sanar da sunan jaririn ga abokai da dangi a karon farko. Mutum zai iya samun kwano na ƙwai da aka dafa masu launuka masu haske a kan teburin cin abinci na baƙi ko teburin cin abinci, [1] ko kuma mai masaukin baki ya raba ƙwai masu launin ja, wanda ke nuna farin ciki da sabuwar rayuwa. Wani lokaci ana ba wa manyan abokai da 'yan uwa ƙwai ja don ranar haihuwarsu.

== Asali da al'adun gargajiya ==
Kamar yadda yake a al'adun gargajiyar Easter ta Yamma, ƙwai suna wakiltar haihuwa ko sabon farawa; don haka, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a ba wa baƙi ƙwai a lokacin ranar haihuwa mai muhimmanci (kamar watan farko ko shekara ta farko). Launin ja yana nuna wadata da sa'a ga Sinawa.

== Tasiri a wajen China ==

=== Mauritius ===
A [[Moris|ƙasar Mauritius]], 'yan ƙasar Sino-Mauritius sun ci gaba da al'adar raba jajayen ƙwai ga 'yan uwansu don raba farin cikin jariri; wannan al'ada ta faru ne a cikin abin da ake kira ''baptismar chinois'' na yanzu ( lit. baptismar Sinanci). 

== Duba kuma ==

* Kwai mai hayaƙi
* Kwai na shayi

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>q9uik6bbtdn78e4ucltezm566qgagdt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Moussaka</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>829202</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:40:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344278340|Moussaka]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Reflist}}

'''Moussaka''' (/muːˈsɑːkə/, Burtaniya kuma /ˌmuːsəˈkɑː/, Amurka kuma /ˌ muːsɑːˈkɑ/; duba ƙasa) abinci ne na [[aubergine]] (eggplant) - ko dankali, sau da yawa ciki har da [[Ground meat|nama a ƙasa]], wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin [[Balkan cuisine|Balkans]] da [[Middle Eastern cuisine|Gabas ta Tsakiya]], tare da bambance-bambance da yawa na gida da na yanki.

An kirkiro bambancin [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] na zamani a cikin shekarun 1920 ta hanyar Nikolaos Tselementes. Yawancin nau'ikan suna da saman da aka yi da sauce na madara da aka cika da kwai (Cutar) ko gari (bechamel sauce). A Girka, ana yin jita-jita kuma yawanci ana ba da su da zafi. Tselementes sun kuma ba da shawarar bambancin vegan don kwanakin azumi na orthodox. Romania kuma tana da nau'in vegan wanda ke maye gurbin nama da ƙwayoyin cuta ko cakuda albasa da shinkafa.

Sunan Ingilishi don moussaka an aro shi ne daga Girkanci {{Transl|el|mousakás}} ({{Lang|el|μουσακάς}}) daga wasu Harsunan Balkan, duk an aro su ne daga Ottoman Turkish, wanda hakan ya shafe shi daga [[Larabci]] {{Transl|ar|muṣaqqa‘a}}'a ({{Lang|ar|مصقعة}}, lit. 'pounded' ko 'cold'). An fara tabbatar da kalmar a Turanci a 1862, an rubuta ''mùzàkkà'' . 

== Shirye-shiryen ==

=== Girka ===
[[Fayil:Moussaka_and_Greek_Salad_at_a_taverna_in_Greece.jpg|left|thumb|Moussaka da salatin Girka a wani Gidan cin abinci a Girka]]
Yawancin nau'ikan sun dogara ne da farko akan sautéed aubergine (eggplant) da [[Tumatir|Tumar]], yawanci tare da nama mai yanka, galibi ɗan rago. Fassarar Helenanci ta haɗa da yadudduka na nama da aubergine da aka ɗora tare da sauce na béchamel (&quot;farin&quot;) da kuma yin burodi.

Girkanci na zamani an kirkireshi ne daga mai dafa abinci na Girkanci Nikolaos Tselementes a cikin shekarun 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kremezi 2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kremezi |first=Aglaia |author-link=Aglaia Kremezi |date=13 July 2010 |title='Classic' Greek Cuisine: Not So Classic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/food/archive/2010/07/classic-greek-cuisine-not-so-classic/59600 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216231142/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2010/07/classic-greek-cuisine-not-so-classic/59600 |archive-date=16 February 2012 |access-date=10 March 2017 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kayan girke-girke yana da yadudduka uku waɗanda aka dafa su daban kafin a haɗa su don yin burodi na ƙarshe: Layer na ƙasa na sliced aubergine da aka dafa da man zaitun; Layer na tsakiya na ɗan rago da aka dafa tare da tumatir da aka yanka ko puréed, albasa, [[tafarnuwa]], da kayan yaji (cinnamon, allspice da baƙar fata); da kuma Layer na soya na bechamel ko Cutar mai ɗanɗano.

=== Misira ===

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>829203</id>
      <parentid>829202</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:41:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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      <origin>829203</origin>
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      <text bytes="2745" sha1="4pgq6dkiuvwltlgt1914y8m8u4lo9uc" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Moussaka''' (/muːˈsɑːkə/, Burtaniya kuma /ˌmuːsəˈkɑː/, Amurka kuma /ˌ muːsɑːˈkɑ/; duba ƙasa) abinci ne na [[aubergine]] (eggplant) - ko dankali, sau da yawa ciki har da [[Ground meat|nama a ƙasa]], wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin [[Balkan cuisine|Balkans]] da [[Middle Eastern cuisine|Gabas ta Tsakiya]], tare da bambance-bambance da yawa na gida da na yanki.

An kirkiro bambancin [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] na zamani a cikin shekarun 1920 ta hanyar Nikolaos Tselementes. Yawancin nau'ikan suna da saman da aka yi da sauce na madara da aka cika da kwai (Cutar) ko gari (bechamel sauce). A Girka, ana yin jita-jita kuma yawanci ana ba da su da zafi. Tselementes sun kuma ba da shawarar bambancin vegan don kwanakin azumi na orthodox. Romania kuma tana da nau'in vegan wanda ke maye gurbin nama da ƙwayoyin cuta ko cakuda albasa da shinkafa.

Sunan Ingilishi don moussaka an aro shi ne daga Girkanci {{Transl|el|mousakás}} ({{Lang|el|μουσακάς}}) daga wasu Harsunan Balkan, duk an aro su ne daga Ottoman Turkish, wanda hakan ya shafe shi daga [[Larabci]] {{Transl|ar|muṣaqqa‘a}}'a ({{Lang|ar|مصقعة}}, lit. 'pounded' ko 'cold'). An fara tabbatar da kalmar a Turanci a 1862, an rubuta ''mùzàkkà'' . 

== Shirye-shiryen ==

=== Girka ===
[[Fayil:Moussaka_and_Greek_Salad_at_a_taverna_in_Greece.jpg|left|thumb|Moussaka da salatin Girka a wani Gidan cin abinci a Girka]]
Yawancin nau'ikan sun dogara ne da farko akan sautéed aubergine (eggplant) da [[Tumatir|Tumar]], yawanci tare da nama mai yanka, galibi ɗan rago. Fassarar Helenanci ta haɗa da yadudduka na nama da aubergine da aka ɗora tare da sauce na béchamel (&quot;farin&quot;) da kuma yin burodi.

Girkanci na zamani an kirkireshi ne daga mai dafa abinci na Girkanci Nikolaos Tselementes a cikin shekarun 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kremezi 2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kremezi |first=Aglaia |author-link=Aglaia Kremezi |date=13 July 2010 |title='Classic' Greek Cuisine: Not So Classic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/food/archive/2010/07/classic-greek-cuisine-not-so-classic/59600 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216231142/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2010/07/classic-greek-cuisine-not-so-classic/59600 |archive-date=16 February 2012 |access-date=10 March 2017 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kayan girke-girke yana da yadudduka uku waɗanda aka dafa su daban kafin a haɗa su don yin burodi na ƙarshe: Layer na ƙasa na sliced aubergine da aka dafa da man zaitun; Layer na tsakiya na ɗan rago da aka dafa tare da tumatir da aka yanka ko puréed, albasa, [[tafarnuwa]], da kayan yaji (cinnamon, allspice da baƙar fata); da kuma Layer na soya na bechamel ko Cutar mai ɗanɗano.

=== Misira ===

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>4pgq6dkiuvwltlgt1914y8m8u4lo9uc</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Cha siu bao</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:43:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323756032|Cha siu bao]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Charsiubaau_Secondary.jpg|right|thumb|Gasasshen kullu na ''cha siu bao'' don wannan nau'in ya bambanta da sigar da aka dafa a cikin tururi]]
'''''Cha siu bao''''' ( simplified Chinese                ) wani ''baozi'' ne na Cantonese (bun) cike da naman alade &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwFw&quot;&gt;cha siu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; mai ɗanɗanon barbecue. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hsiung&quot;&gt;Hsiung, Deh-Ta. Simonds, Nina. Lowe, Jason. [2005]. ''The Food of China: A Journey for Food Lovers''. Bay Books. {{ISBN|978-0-681-02584-4}}. p. 24.&lt;/ref&gt; Ana ba da su azaman nau'in dim sum a lokacin ''yum cha'' kuma wani lokacin ana sayar da su a gidajen burodi na China . &lt;ref name=&quot;Hsiung&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;cnn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Christopher DeWolf |last2=Izzy Ozawa |last3=Tiffany Lam |last4=Virginia Lau |last5=Zoe Li |date=13 July 2010 |title=40 Hong Kong foods we can't live without |url=http://www.cnngo.com/hong-kong/none/40-things-eat-hong-kong-coronary-arrest-820489 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105093220/http://www.cnngo.com/hong-kong/none/40-things-eat-hong-kong-coronary-arrest-820489 |archive-date=2012-11-05 |access-date=14 August 2012 |website=CNN Go}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nau'o'i ==
Akwai manyan nau'ikan ''cha siu bao'' guda biyu: nau'in tururi na gargajiya ana kiransa{{Lang|zh-Hant|蒸叉燒包}}( pinyin        ) ko kuma kawai{{Lang|zh-Hant|叉燒包}}( chāshāo bāo     ), yayin da ake kira gasa iri-iri{{Lang|zh-Hant|叉燒餐包}}( chāshāo cān bāo     ). ''Cha siu bao'' da aka dafa yana da farin waje, yayin da aka gasa nau'in da aka yi wa ado da launin ruwan kasa.

== Abincin Cantonese ==
[[Fayil:03_Steamed_Roast_Pork_Bun_-_M_Noodle_Shop.jpg|left|thumb|Cikowa]]
Ko da yake a gani yana kama da sauran nau'ikan ''baozi'' da aka dafa, kullu na ''cha siu bao'' da aka dafa yana da ban mamaki domin yana amfani da [[Yis|yisti]] da garin burodi a matsayin yisti.   Wannan cakuda na musamman na yisti yana ba kullu na ''cha siu bao'' yanayin burodi mai ɗan kauri, amma mai laushi. Ana amfani da Tangzhong, wani lokacin roux na ruwa, don kiyaye burodin ya yi laushi na dogon lokaci kuma yana taimakawa wajen inganta yanayin bao.

Wani nau'in char siu bao da aka dafa a cikin tururi shine char siu bao. Duk da cewa kullu yana da kama da na char siu bao da aka gasa, char siu bao da aka gasa ya fi kama da burodin da aka gasa tare da cika ''char siu'' iri ɗaya. Sau da yawa ana shafa shi da ƙwai da sukari kafin a gasa, wanda ke haifar da ɗan zaki da burodi mai ɗanɗano.

A tsakiyar burodin akwai naman alade mai laushi, mai daɗi, da aka gasa a hankali. Ana yanka wannan ''cha siu'', sannan a haɗa shi da cakuda miyar kawa, miyar hoisin, man sesame da aka gasa, vinegar shinkafa, ruwan inabi shaoxing ko busasshen sherry, miyar waken soya, sukari, da sitaci masara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Geni Raitisoja |date=June 25, 2008 |title=Chinese recipes: char siu (barbecued pork) |url=http://en.radio86.com/chinese-food/chinese-recipes-char-siu-barbecued-pork |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327040543/http://radio86.com/food/recipes/chinese-recipes-char-siu-barbecued-pork |archive-date=2012-03-27 |website=All About China |publisher=Radio86}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abincin Philippine ==
'''''Siopao''''' ( simplified Chinese      ;  ), ma'ana &quot;zafi bun&quot;, shine nau'in baozi na asali a Philippines . Wani nau'in ''siopao'' da aka saba amfani da shi, ''siopao asado'', an samo shi ne daga ''char siu bao'' kuma yana da cikawa ( ''asado'' ) wanda ke amfani da sinadarai iri ɗaya kamar ''char siu'' . Ya bambanta da cewa ''asado'' na Filipino abinci ne da aka gasa, ba gasasshe ba, kuma ya fi kama da na Hokkien ''[[tau yu bak]]'' ( Chinese    ). Ya ɗan yi daɗi fiye da ''char siu'' kuma ana iya dafa shi da kaza. ''Siopao'' yawanci ya fi girma fiye da ''char siu bao'' ko ''baozi'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 June 2021 |title=Siopao Asado Recipe |url=https://panlasangpinoy.com/how-to-make-home-made-siopao-asado-recipe/ |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=Panlasang Pinoy}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Huy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 October 2020 |title=Siopao Asado (Filipino Steamed Pork Buns) |url=https://www.hungryhuy.com/siopao-asado/ |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=Hungry Huy}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;De Leon&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=De Leon |first=Adrian |date=2016 |title=Siopao and Power: The Place of Pork Buns in Manila's Chinese History |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26362345 |journal=Gastronomica |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=45–54 |doi=10.1525/gfc.2016.16.2.45 |jstor=26362345 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Abincin Polynesian ==
Bisa gayyatar ƙasashen Turai, an ɗauki Sinawa a matsayin ma'aikata masu lasisi a duk faɗin yankin Pacific don yin aiki a gonakin sukari tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1800. Baƙi 'yan China sun kawo musu abinci kamar char siu bao waɗanda suka saba da sabon wurin da suke. [1] [2] [3]

A cikin abincin Hawaii, ana kiransa '''''manapua''''' . pidgin na Hawaiian don &quot;abin naman alade mai daɗi&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 November 2019 |title=Manapua and The Manapua Man |url=https://onolicioushawaii.com/manapua/ |website=Onolicious Hawaiʻi}}&lt;/ref&gt; A Samoa, ana kiran abincin da '''''keke pua'a''''', ma'ana a zahiri &quot;kek ɗin alade&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 September 2022 |title=20 Best Traditional Samoan Recipes To Cook At Home – Our Big Escape |url=https://ourbigescape.com/20-best-traditional-samoan-recipes/ |website=ourbigescape.com |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; A Tahiti, French Polynesia, ana kiransu '''''chao pao''''' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 January 2022 |title=In Tahiti, the Local Take on Chinese Food Tells a Story of the Island's Early Immigrants |url=https://www.cntraveler.com/story/tahitian-chinese-food |website=Condé Nast Traveler}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Bánh bao (Vietnam)
* Dim sum
* Goubuli
* Jjinppang / Hoppang (Koriya ta Kudu)
* Jerin burodi
* Jerin abincin naman alade
* Jerin abincin ciye-ciye
* Jerin abincin da aka dafa da tururi
* Jerin abincin da aka cika
* Nikuman (Japan)
* Siopao (Philippines)

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <id>829209</id>
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        <username>Sardeeq</username>
        <id>39275</id>
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[[Fayil:Charsiubaau_Secondary.jpg|right|thumb|Gasasshen kullu na ''cha siu bao'' don wannan nau'in ya bambanta da sigar da aka dafa a cikin tururi]]
'''''Cha siu bao''''' ( simplified Chinese                ) wani ''baozi'' ne na Cantonese (bun) cike da naman alade &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwFw&quot;&gt;cha siu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; mai ɗanɗanon barbecue. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hsiung&quot;&gt;Hsiung, Deh-Ta. Simonds, Nina. Lowe, Jason. [2005]. ''The Food of China: A Journey for Food Lovers''. Bay Books. {{ISBN|978-0-681-02584-4}}. p. 24.&lt;/ref&gt; Ana ba da su azaman nau'in dim sum a lokacin ''yum cha'' kuma wani lokacin ana sayar da su a gidajen burodi na China . &lt;ref name=&quot;Hsiung&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;cnn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Christopher DeWolf |last2=Izzy Ozawa |last3=Tiffany Lam |last4=Virginia Lau |last5=Zoe Li |date=13 July 2010 |title=40 Hong Kong foods we can't live without |url=http://www.cnngo.com/hong-kong/none/40-things-eat-hong-kong-coronary-arrest-820489 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105093220/http://www.cnngo.com/hong-kong/none/40-things-eat-hong-kong-coronary-arrest-820489 |archive-date=2012-11-05 |access-date=14 August 2012 |website=CNN Go}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nau'o'i ==
Akwai manyan nau'ikan ''cha siu bao'' guda biyu: nau'in tururi na gargajiya ana kiransa{{Lang|zh-Hant|蒸叉燒包}}( pinyin        ) ko kuma kawai{{Lang|zh-Hant|叉燒包}}( chāshāo bāo     ), yayin da ake kira gasa iri-iri{{Lang|zh-Hant|叉燒餐包}}( chāshāo cān bāo     ). ''Cha siu bao'' da aka dafa yana da farin waje, yayin da aka gasa nau'in da aka yi wa ado da launin ruwan kasa.

== Abincin Cantonese ==
[[Fayil:03_Steamed_Roast_Pork_Bun_-_M_Noodle_Shop.jpg|left|thumb|Cikowa]]
Ko da yake a gani yana kama da sauran nau'ikan ''baozi'' da aka dafa, kullu na ''cha siu bao'' da aka dafa yana da ban mamaki domin yana amfani da [[Yis|yisti]] da garin burodi a matsayin yisti.   Wannan cakuda na musamman na yisti yana ba kullu na ''cha siu bao'' yanayin burodi mai ɗan kauri, amma mai laushi. Ana amfani da Tangzhong, wani lokacin roux na ruwa, don kiyaye burodin ya yi laushi na dogon lokaci kuma yana taimakawa wajen inganta yanayin bao.

Wani nau'in char siu bao da aka dafa a cikin tururi shine char siu bao. Duk da cewa kullu yana da kama da na char siu bao da aka gasa, char siu bao da aka gasa ya fi kama da burodin da aka gasa tare da cika ''char siu'' iri ɗaya. Sau da yawa ana shafa shi da ƙwai da sukari kafin a gasa, wanda ke haifar da ɗan zaki da burodi mai ɗanɗano.

A tsakiyar burodin akwai naman alade mai laushi, mai daɗi, da aka gasa a hankali. Ana yanka wannan ''cha siu'', sannan a haɗa shi da cakuda miyar kawa, miyar hoisin, man sesame da aka gasa, vinegar shinkafa, ruwan inabi shaoxing ko busasshen sherry, miyar waken soya, sukari, da sitaci masara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Geni Raitisoja |date=June 25, 2008 |title=Chinese recipes: char siu (barbecued pork) |url=http://en.radio86.com/chinese-food/chinese-recipes-char-siu-barbecued-pork |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327040543/http://radio86.com/food/recipes/chinese-recipes-char-siu-barbecued-pork |archive-date=2012-03-27 |website=All About China |publisher=Radio86}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abincin Philippine ==
'''''Siopao''''' ( simplified Chinese      ;  ), ma'ana &quot;zafi bun&quot;, shine nau'in baozi na asali a Philippines . Wani nau'in ''siopao'' da aka saba amfani da shi, ''siopao asado'', an samo shi ne daga ''char siu bao'' kuma yana da cikawa ( ''asado'' ) wanda ke amfani da sinadarai iri ɗaya kamar ''char siu'' . Ya bambanta da cewa ''asado'' na Filipino abinci ne da aka gasa, ba gasasshe ba, kuma ya fi kama da na Hokkien ''[[tau yu bak]]'' ( Chinese    ). Ya ɗan yi daɗi fiye da ''char siu'' kuma ana iya dafa shi da kaza. ''Siopao'' yawanci ya fi girma fiye da ''char siu bao'' ko ''baozi'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 June 2021 |title=Siopao Asado Recipe |url=https://panlasangpinoy.com/how-to-make-home-made-siopao-asado-recipe/ |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=Panlasang Pinoy}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Huy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 October 2020 |title=Siopao Asado (Filipino Steamed Pork Buns) |url=https://www.hungryhuy.com/siopao-asado/ |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=Hungry Huy}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;De Leon&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=De Leon |first=Adrian |date=2016 |title=Siopao and Power: The Place of Pork Buns in Manila's Chinese History |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26362345 |journal=Gastronomica |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=45–54 |doi=10.1525/gfc.2016.16.2.45 |jstor=26362345 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Abincin Polynesian ==
Bisa gayyatar ƙasashen Turai, an ɗauki Sinawa a matsayin ma'aikata masu lasisi a duk faɗin yankin Pacific don yin aiki a gonakin sukari tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1800. Baƙi 'yan China sun kawo musu abinci kamar char siu bao waɗanda suka saba da sabon wurin da suke. [1] [2] [3]

A cikin abincin Hawaii, ana kiransa '''''manapua''''' . pidgin na Hawaiian don &quot;abin naman alade mai daɗi&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 November 2019 |title=Manapua and The Manapua Man |url=https://onolicioushawaii.com/manapua/ |website=Onolicious Hawaiʻi}}&lt;/ref&gt; A Samoa, ana kiran abincin da '''''keke pua'a''''', ma'ana a zahiri &quot;kek ɗin alade&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 September 2022 |title=20 Best Traditional Samoan Recipes To Cook At Home – Our Big Escape |url=https://ourbigescape.com/20-best-traditional-samoan-recipes/ |website=ourbigescape.com |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; A Tahiti, French Polynesia, ana kiransu '''''chao pao''''' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 January 2022 |title=In Tahiti, the Local Take on Chinese Food Tells a Story of the Island's Early Immigrants |url=https://www.cntraveler.com/story/tahitian-chinese-food |website=Condé Nast Traveler}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Bánh bao (Vietnam)
* Dim sum
* Goubuli
* Jjinppang / Hoppang (Koriya ta Kudu)
* Jerin burodi
* Jerin abincin naman alade
* Jerin abincin ciye-ciye
* Jerin abincin da aka dafa da tururi
* Jerin abincin da aka cika
* Nikuman (Japan)
* Siopao (Philippines)

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mombar</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>829208</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:43:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347097399|Mombar]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829208</origin>
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      <text bytes="3031" sha1="101llfa0prl4l90rq0h4rrbwwjocu6o" xml:space="preserve">'''Mombar''' (Arabic) abinci ne na [[shinkafa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mombar Mahshy (Stuffed Beef Sausage) |url=http://www.touregypt.net/recipes/mombar.htm/ |website=touregypt.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;الممبار&quot; على الطريقة المصرية |url=http://www.youm7.com/story/2013/9/26/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9/1267745/ |access-date=26 September 2013 |website=youm7.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana cinye nau'o'i daban-daban tare da sunaye daban-daban a [[Siriya]],  da [[Abincin Libya|Libya]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 December 2011 |title=Stuffed sheep sausages (Fawaregh) |url=http://www.tasteofbeirut.com/stuffed-sheep-intestines-fawaregh/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044402/http://www.tasteofbeirut.com/stuffed-sheep-intestines-fawaregh/ |archive-date=1 December 2017 |access-date=23 November 2017 |website=tasteofbeirut.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Libyan Food: Cuisine and Recipes |url=http://www.libya-watanona.com/food/f31oct2b.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060715/http://www.libya-watanona.com/food/f31oct2b.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=23 November 2017 |website=libya-watanona.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A Misira an yi shi ne daga tumaki da aka cika da cakuda shinkafa kuma an dafa shi sosai.

== Tarihi ==
''Mombar'' ya samo asali ne daga Abincin Ottoman, kuma daga ƙarshe ya bazu zuwa abincin Iraki, Masar, da Levantine. Kayan girke-girke na ''mumbar'' (mai cike da kayan abinci) ya bayyana a cikin littafin dafa abinci na Ottoman na karni na 19 Melceü't-Tabbâhîn.

== Bambance-bambance na yanki ==
[[Fayil:Mumbar.jpg|thumb|''mumbar'' na Turkiyya]]
Ana kiran wani nau'in Levantine mai kama da mombar na Masar ''qubawat'' ( Arabic   ) a [[Siriya]] ;    yayin da a [[Jodan|Jordan]] da [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Falasdinu]] ake kiransa da fawaregh ( Arabic   ), &lt;ref name=&quot;elwatannews2019&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;almasryalyoum2019&quot; /&gt; kodayake ana yin waɗannan ne da gaurayen shinkafa da nama sannan a tafasa su a cikin ruwa. Wani nau'in abincin da ake ci a sassan [[Arewacin Afirka]] ana kiransa usban (Arabic).

'''''Mumbar [[dolma]]''''' (Turkish, kuma {{Lang|tr|bumbar}}; Armenian) sausage ne ko dolma na asalin Anatolian wanda aka yi da ragon, [[shinkafa]], baƙar fata, gishiri da cinnamon da aka saka a cikin hanji. Bayan an dafa sausage ta hanyar tafasa kuma an bar shi ya sanyaya, an yanka shi kuma an soya shi cikin man shanu. Wani lokaci ana tsoma shi a cikin kwai kafin a soya shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010-01-04 |title=Sud Keebah |url=https://thearmeniankitchen.com/sud-keeba/ |website=The Armenian Kitchen}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Al'adu ==
[[Falasdinawa]] suna yin fawaregh (sausage na hanji) da  (Arabic) a kan [[Sallar Idi Babba|Eid al-Adha]] ta amfani da nama na dabbar da aka miƙa hadaya. Mombar na Masar ya zama ruwan dare a lokacin Eid al-Adha.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <id>829210</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:44:13Z</timestamp>
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'''Mombar''' (Arabic) abinci ne na [[shinkafa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mombar Mahshy (Stuffed Beef Sausage) |url=http://www.touregypt.net/recipes/mombar.htm/ |website=touregypt.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;الممبار&quot; على الطريقة المصرية |url=http://www.youm7.com/story/2013/9/26/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9/1267745/ |access-date=26 September 2013 |website=youm7.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana cinye nau'o'i daban-daban tare da sunaye daban-daban a [[Siriya]],  da [[Abincin Libya|Libya]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 December 2011 |title=Stuffed sheep sausages (Fawaregh) |url=http://www.tasteofbeirut.com/stuffed-sheep-intestines-fawaregh/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044402/http://www.tasteofbeirut.com/stuffed-sheep-intestines-fawaregh/ |archive-date=1 December 2017 |access-date=23 November 2017 |website=tasteofbeirut.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Libyan Food: Cuisine and Recipes |url=http://www.libya-watanona.com/food/f31oct2b.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060715/http://www.libya-watanona.com/food/f31oct2b.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=23 November 2017 |website=libya-watanona.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A Misira an yi shi ne daga tumaki da aka cika da cakuda shinkafa kuma an dafa shi sosai.

== Tarihi ==
''Mombar'' ya samo asali ne daga Abincin Ottoman, kuma daga ƙarshe ya bazu zuwa abincin Iraki, Masar, da Levantine. Kayan girke-girke na ''mumbar'' (mai cike da kayan abinci) ya bayyana a cikin littafin dafa abinci na Ottoman na karni na 19 Melceü't-Tabbâhîn.

== Bambance-bambance na yanki ==
[[Fayil:Mumbar.jpg|thumb|''mumbar'' na Turkiyya]]
Ana kiran wani nau'in Levantine mai kama da mombar na Masar ''qubawat'' ( Arabic   ) a [[Siriya]] ;    yayin da a [[Jodan|Jordan]] da [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Falasdinu]] ake kiransa da fawaregh ( Arabic   ), &lt;ref name=&quot;elwatannews2019&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;almasryalyoum2019&quot; /&gt; kodayake ana yin waɗannan ne da gaurayen shinkafa da nama sannan a tafasa su a cikin ruwa. Wani nau'in abincin da ake ci a sassan [[Arewacin Afirka]] ana kiransa usban (Arabic).

'''''Mumbar [[dolma]]''''' (Turkish, kuma {{Lang|tr|bumbar}}; Armenian) sausage ne ko dolma na asalin Anatolian wanda aka yi da ragon, [[shinkafa]], baƙar fata, gishiri da cinnamon da aka saka a cikin hanji. Bayan an dafa sausage ta hanyar tafasa kuma an bar shi ya sanyaya, an yanka shi kuma an soya shi cikin man shanu. Wani lokaci ana tsoma shi a cikin kwai kafin a soya shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010-01-04 |title=Sud Keebah |url=https://thearmeniankitchen.com/sud-keeba/ |website=The Armenian Kitchen}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Al'adu ==
[[Falasdinawa]] suna yin fawaregh (sausage na hanji) da  (Arabic) a kan [[Sallar Idi Babba|Eid al-Adha]] ta amfani da nama na dabbar da aka miƙa hadaya. Mombar na Masar ya zama ruwan dare a lokacin Eid al-Adha.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mesaqa'ah</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>829211</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:44:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341167031|Mesaqaʻah]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829211</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3198" sha1="lgj5bx7x8oo9hklw8ac0gr9aar5ubg5" xml:space="preserve">'''Mesaq'ah''' ( Arabic     ) abinci ne na gargajiya da ake ci a [[Misra|Masar]] da ƙasashen Levant a cikin ɗan bambancin yanayi dangane da ƙasar. Ana kuma cin ƙarin nau'ikansa a faɗin [[Bahar Rum]].

Fassarar Masar na abincin yana da nau'ikan kwai da aka dafa, kore, da kuma sauce na tumatir, sau da yawa ana sanya shi da cumin kuma wani lokaci allspice. Ana yin burodi na kayan lambu har sai dandano ya haɗu tare, wanda ke haifar da abinci mai kyau.&lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 1, 2023 |title=Mesaka’a (Vegan Eggplant &amp; Pepper bake): مسقعة صيامي |url=https://cheznermine.com/2023/12/01/mesakaa-vegan-eggplant-pepper-bake-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen ==
A Misira, shirye-shiryen mesaqa'ah ya haɗa da yanka ƙwai na duniya a cumin zagaye, wanda aka soya har sai launin ruwan kasa. Ana kuma dafa albasa mai laushi mai laushi da albasa mai zafi a takaice don riƙe launi mai haske. Ana shirya sauce na tumatir mai laushi, wanda aka dafa da kumin, [[gishiri]], da albasa, daban. A cikin abincin yin burodi, ana tattara yadudduka na kwai da albasa, tare da sauce na tumatir. Ana yin burodi har sai dandano ya haɗu tare. Mesaqaʻah ana ba da ita da dumi ko a zafin jiki, an yi wa ado da sabon parsley, kuma tare da vermicelli shinkafa ko eish baladi.&lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 1, 2023 |title=Mesaka’a (Vegan Eggplant &amp; Pepper bake): مسقعة صيامي |url=https://cheznermine.com/2023/12/01/mesakaa-vegan-eggplant-pepper-bake-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A madadin haka, wasu girke-girke na Masar suna ba da shawarar gishiri a cikin kwai don fitar da danshi mai yawa da rage zafi kafin a dafa su har sai launin ruwan kasa. Ana haɗa yankan kwai da aka dafa tare da sauce na tumatir da aka yi daga albasa, tafarnuwa, tumatir paste, tumatir da ya yanka, da kayan yaji, kuma an dafa shi a hankali har sai sauce ya yi kauri. Ana iya ba da wannan sigar nan da nan ko kuma a sanyaya da dare kuma a ba da sanyi tare da eish baladi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Eggplant mesa'a'ah (Egyptian spiced eggplant) recipe |url=https://www.delicious.com.au/recipes/eggplant-mesaaah-egyptian-spiced-eggplant-recipe/92to2cl5 |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=delicious.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙarin girke-girke na zamani suna ba da hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa ta hanyar gasa kwai maimakon soya, rage sha mai yayin kiyaye dandano.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2018 |title=Musacaa: Egyptian-Style Stewed Eggplant with Chickpeas |url=https://www.confessionsofafoodie.me/2018/02/musacaa-egyptian-style-stewed-eggplant.html |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Confessions of a Foodie}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duk da yake yawanci kayan lambu ne, ana iya yin shi da naman sa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2021 |title=Oven-Roasted Egyptian Mesaka’a |url=https://food52.com/recipes/85766-egyptian-mesakaa-recipe |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Food52}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Moussaka
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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        <id>28235</id>
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'''Mesaq'ah''' ( Arabic     ) abinci ne na gargajiya da ake ci a [[Misra|Masar]] da ƙasashen Levant a cikin ɗan bambancin yanayi dangane da ƙasar. Ana kuma cin ƙarin nau'ikansa a faɗin [[Bahar Rum]].

Fassarar Masar na abincin yana da nau'ikan kwai da aka dafa, kore, da kuma sauce na tumatir, sau da yawa ana sanya shi da cumin kuma wani lokaci allspice. Ana yin burodi na kayan lambu har sai dandano ya haɗu tare, wanda ke haifar da abinci mai kyau.&lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 1, 2023 |title=Mesaka’a (Vegan Eggplant &amp; Pepper bake): مسقعة صيامي |url=https://cheznermine.com/2023/12/01/mesakaa-vegan-eggplant-pepper-bake-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen ==
A Misira, shirye-shiryen mesaqa'ah ya haɗa da yanka ƙwai na duniya a cumin zagaye, wanda aka soya har sai launin ruwan kasa. Ana kuma dafa albasa mai laushi mai laushi da albasa mai zafi a takaice don riƙe launi mai haske. Ana shirya sauce na tumatir mai laushi, wanda aka dafa da kumin, [[gishiri]], da albasa, daban. A cikin abincin yin burodi, ana tattara yadudduka na kwai da albasa, tare da sauce na tumatir. Ana yin burodi har sai dandano ya haɗu tare. Mesaqaʻah ana ba da ita da dumi ko a zafin jiki, an yi wa ado da sabon parsley, kuma tare da vermicelli shinkafa ko eish baladi.&lt;ref name=&quot;cheznermine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 1, 2023 |title=Mesaka’a (Vegan Eggplant &amp; Pepper bake): مسقعة صيامي |url=https://cheznermine.com/2023/12/01/mesakaa-vegan-eggplant-pepper-bake-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A madadin haka, wasu girke-girke na Masar suna ba da shawarar gishiri a cikin kwai don fitar da danshi mai yawa da rage zafi kafin a dafa su har sai launin ruwan kasa. Ana haɗa yankan kwai da aka dafa tare da sauce na tumatir da aka yi daga albasa, tafarnuwa, tumatir paste, tumatir da ya yanka, da kayan yaji, kuma an dafa shi a hankali har sai sauce ya yi kauri. Ana iya ba da wannan sigar nan da nan ko kuma a sanyaya da dare kuma a ba da sanyi tare da eish baladi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Eggplant mesa'a'ah (Egyptian spiced eggplant) recipe |url=https://www.delicious.com.au/recipes/eggplant-mesaaah-egyptian-spiced-eggplant-recipe/92to2cl5 |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=delicious.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙarin girke-girke na zamani suna ba da hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa ta hanyar gasa kwai maimakon soya, rage sha mai yayin kiyaye dandano.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2018 |title=Musacaa: Egyptian-Style Stewed Eggplant with Chickpeas |url=https://www.confessionsofafoodie.me/2018/02/musacaa-egyptian-style-stewed-eggplant.html |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Confessions of a Foodie}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duk da yake yawanci kayan lambu ne, ana iya yin shi da naman sa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2021 |title=Oven-Roasted Egyptian Mesaka’a |url=https://food52.com/recipes/85766-egyptian-mesakaa-recipe |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Food52}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Moussaka
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mazalika</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1298090142|Mazalika]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="753" sha1="n47eigh7j5lo69n0pkzydzoefpyrs7u" xml:space="preserve">'''Mazalika''' (Larabci na Masar: ) abinci ne na Masar da aka yi da hanta da gizzard . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mazalika recipe {{!}} Eat Your Books |url=https://www.eatyourbooks.com/library/recipes/279616/mazalika |access-date=2019-07-18 |website=www.eatyourbooks.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-07-17 |title=طريقة عمل مزاليكا الكبد و القوانص بالخضار و الفلفل الحار |url=https://www.cook3araby.com/%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%af-%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b5-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae/ |access-date=2019-07-18 |website=موقع الطبخ العربي |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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'''Mazalika''' (Larabci na Masar: ) abinci ne na Masar da aka yi da hanta da gizzard . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mazalika recipe {{!}} Eat Your Books |url=https://www.eatyourbooks.com/library/recipes/279616/mazalika |access-date=2019-07-18 |website=www.eatyourbooks.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-07-17 |title=طريقة عمل مزاليكا الكبد و القوانص بالخضار و الفلفل الحار |url=https://www.cook3araby.com/%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%af-%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b5-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae/ |access-date=2019-07-18 |website=موقع الطبخ العربي |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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{{Lang|zh-Latn|'''Baozi'''}} ({{Lang-zh|{{Audio|Zh-bāozi.oga|包子|help=no}}}}), or simply '''{{Lang|zh-Latn|bao}}''', is a type of [[Yis|yeast]]-leavened filled [[bun]] in various [[Chinese cuisines]]. There are many variations in fillings ([[Nama|meat]] or [[Cin ganyayyaki kawai|vegetarian]]) and preparations, though the buns are most often made from [[wheat flour]] and [[Steaming|steamed]]. They are a variation of ''[[mantou]]'' from [[Northeastern Chinese cuisine|Northern China]].

Baozi ya shahara a duk faɗin ƙasar Sin, har ma ya shiga cikin abincin wasu ƙasashe da dama ta hanyar ' yan China da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje .

== Tarihi da asalinsa ==
Asalin sunan Baozi an san shi da &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwJA&quot;&gt;mantou&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, kuma yana iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da manti na dumpling na Asiya ta Tsakiya.  

A zamanin [[Jin dynasty|Daular Jin ta Yamma]] (266-316), {{Interlanguage link|Shu Xi|zh|束皙}} ya rubuta game da dumplings da sauran abinci masu tushen alkama (a lokacin ana kiransa ''bing'' ), waɗanda ya yi imani sun fito ne daga daular Han (202 BC - 220 AD) ko kuma daga baya. Ya bayyana ''mantou'' a matsayin manyan dumplings cike da nama da ake ci a lokacin liyafar bazara. Wasu majiyoyi na farko sun ambaci amfani da mantou a cikin al'ada.  

A daular Tang, (618–907) mantou ƙanana ne, an yi su da kullu mai yisti, kuma ana cin su a matsayin dianxin . A daular Song (960–1279), ''mantou'' na iya samun nau'ikan abubuwan ciye-ciye iri-iri (nama, kaji, kifi, kayan lambu) kuma an ce abincin ciye-ciye ne na yau da kullun ga ɗalibai ''.'' A wannan lokacin '','' baozi ya fito a matsayin madadin kalmar mantou, kuma daga baya ana iya amfani da mantou don burodin da ba a cika ba. A cewar wani tatsuniya da aka fara rubutawa a daular Song, Zhuge Liang ya ƙirƙiro ''mantou'' don maye gurbin kawunan mutane a cikin hadaya ga alloli. A daular Yuan da Mongol ke jagoranta (1271–1368), girke-girke na kotu don baozi da mantou sun haɗa da abubuwan Asiya ta Tsakiya tare da abubuwan ciye-ciye kamar rago, albasa, citta, da chenpi .  

A zamanin daular Qing (1664–1911), kalmomin sun daidaita zuwa ma'anarsu ta zamani: bing ana gasa shi ko kuma ana dafa shi da alkama, baozi burodi ne mai cikewa, mantou burodi ne mai tururi ba tare da cikawa ba, kuma jiao burodi ne mai sirara mai cikewa. Akwai ɗan bambancin yanki a amfani da shi, galibi kusa da Shanghai inda ake kiran ƙananan dumplings ɗin da aka cika da tururi mantou a cikin harshen Wu Chinese . [1] [2] [3]

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{{Lang|zh-Latn|'''Baozi'''}} ({{Lang-zh|{{Audio|Zh-bāozi.oga|包子|help=no}}}}), or simply '''{{Lang|zh-Latn|bao}}''', is a type of [[Yis|yeast]]-leavened filled [[bun]] in various [[Chinese cuisines]]. There are many variations in fillings ([[Nama|meat]] or [[Cin ganyayyaki kawai|vegetarian]]) and preparations, though the buns are most often made from [[wheat flour]] and [[Steaming|steamed]]. They are a variation of ''[[mantou]]'' from [[Northeastern Chinese cuisine|Northern China]].&lt;ref&gt;Phillips, C. (2016). All Under Heaven: Recipes from the 35 Cuisines of China. Ten Speed Press. p. 405. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-60774-982-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Retrieved November 5, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

Baozi ya shahara a duk faɗin ƙasar Sin, har ma ya shiga cikin abincin wasu ƙasashe da dama ta hanyar ' yan China da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje .

== Tarihi da asalinsa ==
Asalin sunan Baozi an san shi da &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwJA&quot;&gt;mantou&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, kuma yana iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da manti na dumpling na Asiya ta Tsakiya.  

A zamanin [[Jin dynasty|Daular Jin ta Yamma]] (266-316), {{Interlanguage link|Shu Xi|zh|束皙}} ya rubuta game da dumplings da sauran abinci masu tushen alkama (a lokacin ana kiransa ''bing'' ), waɗanda ya yi imani sun fito ne daga daular Han (202 BC - 220 AD) ko kuma daga baya. Ya bayyana ''mantou'' a matsayin manyan dumplings cike da nama da ake ci a lokacin liyafar bazara. Wasu majiyoyi na farko sun ambaci amfani da mantou a cikin al'ada.  

A daular Tang, (618–907) mantou ƙanana ne, an yi su da kullu mai yisti, kuma ana cin su a matsayin dianxin . A daular Song (960–1279), ''mantou'' na iya samun nau'ikan abubuwan ciye-ciye iri-iri (nama, kaji, kifi, kayan lambu) kuma an ce abincin ciye-ciye ne na yau da kullun ga ɗalibai ''.'' A wannan lokacin '','' baozi ya fito a matsayin madadin kalmar mantou, kuma daga baya ana iya amfani da mantou don burodin da ba a cika ba. A cewar wani tatsuniya da aka fara rubutawa a daular Song, Zhuge Liang ya ƙirƙiro ''mantou'' don maye gurbin kawunan mutane a cikin hadaya ga alloli. A daular Yuan da Mongol ke jagoranta (1271–1368), girke-girke na kotu don baozi da mantou sun haɗa da abubuwan Asiya ta Tsakiya tare da abubuwan ciye-ciye kamar rago, albasa, citta, da chenpi .  

A zamanin daular Qing (1664–1911), kalmomin sun daidaita zuwa ma'anarsu ta zamani: bing ana gasa shi ko kuma ana dafa shi da alkama, baozi burodi ne mai cikewa, mantou burodi ne mai tururi ba tare da cikawa ba, kuma jiao burodi ne mai sirara mai cikewa. Akwai ɗan bambancin yanki a amfani da shi, galibi kusa da Shanghai inda ake kiran ƙananan dumplings ɗin da aka cika da tururi mantou a cikin harshen Wu Chinese . [1] [2] [3]

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{{Lang|zh-Latn|'''Baozi'''}} ({{Lang-zh|{{Audio|Zh-bāozi.oga|包子|help=no}}}}), or simply '''{{Lang|zh-Latn|bao}}''', is a type of [[Yis|yeast]]-leavened filled [[bun]] in various [[Chinese cuisines]]. There are many variations in fillings ([[Nama|meat]] or [[Cin ganyayyaki kawai|vegetarian]]) and preparations, though the buns are most often made from [[wheat flour]] and [[Steaming|steamed]]. They are a variation of ''[[mantou]]'' from [[Northeastern Chinese cuisine|Northern China]].&lt;ref&gt;Phillips, C. (2016). All Under Heaven: Recipes from the 35 Cuisines of China. Ten Speed Press. p. 405. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-60774-982-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Retrieved November 5, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

Baozi ya shahara a duk faɗin ƙasar Sin, har ma ya shiga cikin abincin wasu ƙasashe da dama ta hanyar ' yan China da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje .

== Tarihi da asalinsa ==
Asalin sunan Baozi an san shi da &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwJA&quot;&gt;mantou&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, kuma yana iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da manti na dumpling na Asiya ta Tsakiya.  

A zamanin [[Jin dynasty|Daular Jin ta Yamma]] (266-316), {{Interlanguage link|Shu Xi|zh|束皙}} ya rubuta game da dumplings da sauran abinci masu tushen alkama (a lokacin ana kiransa ''bing'' ), waɗanda ya yi imani sun fito ne daga daular Han (202 BC - 220 AD) ko kuma daga baya. Ya bayyana ''mantou'' a matsayin manyan dumplings cike da nama da ake ci a lokacin liyafar bazara. Wasu majiyoyi na farko sun ambaci amfani da mantou a cikin al'ada.  

A daular Tang, (618–907) mantou ƙanana ne, an yi su da kullu mai yisti, kuma ana cin su a matsayin dianxin . A daular Song (960–1279), ''mantou'' na iya samun nau'ikan abubuwan ciye-ciye iri-iri (nama, kaji, kifi, kayan lambu) kuma an ce abincin ciye-ciye ne na yau da kullun ga ɗalibai ''.'' A wannan lokacin '','' baozi ya fito a matsayin madadin kalmar mantou, kuma daga baya ana iya amfani da mantou don burodin da ba a cika ba. A cewar wani tatsuniya da aka fara rubutawa a daular Song, Zhuge Liang ya ƙirƙiro ''mantou'' don maye gurbin kawunan mutane a cikin hadaya ga alloli. A daular Yuan da Mongol ke jagoranta (1271–1368), girke-girke na kotu don baozi da mantou sun haɗa da abubuwan Asiya ta Tsakiya tare da abubuwan ciye-ciye kamar rago, albasa, citta, da chenpi .  

A zamanin daular Qing (1664–1911), kalmomin sun daidaita zuwa ma'anarsu ta zamani: bing ana gasa shi ko kuma ana dafa shi da alkama, baozi burodi ne mai cikewa, mantou burodi ne mai tururi ba tare da cikawa ba, kuma jiao burodi ne mai sirara mai cikewa. Akwai ɗan bambancin yanki a amfani da shi, galibi kusa da Shanghai inda ake kiran ƙananan dumplings ɗin da aka cika da tururi mantou a cikin harshen Wu Chinese . [1] [2] [3]

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      <text bytes="2525" sha1="nh6zjni8r3euwfnjnnr2dm8n76ro74i" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Mandi_Pit.jpg|alt=A pit made from brick and mortar built for Mandi cooking.|thumb|Ramin da aka yi don dafa Mandi]]
'''Mandi''' (Arabic) abinci ne na gargajiya na Larabawa. Ya ƙunshi galibi nama da shinkafa tare da cakuda kayan yaji, kuma ana dafa shi a cikin rami. Ana cinye shi a mafi yawan yankuna na [[Yankin Larabawa]] kuma ana samunsa a [[Misra|Misira]], Hyderabad Deccan (inda mutane da yawa na zuriyar Yemen ke zaune), Levant, [[Turkiyya]], [[Kerala]] da Kudu maso gabashin Asiya.

== Tarihi ==
Littafin girke-girke na [[Aleppo]] na ƙarni na 13 ''Kitab al-Wuslah ila l-habib'' ya ambaci girke-kirayen gasa ɗan rago gaba ɗaya a cikin rami na ƙasa, masanin tarihin abinci Nawal Nasrallah ya kwatanta wannan abincin da ''sarb'' na zamani da aka samu a cikin Abincin Jordan.

== Magana ==
Kalmar &quot;mandi&quot; ta fito ne Raɓa kalmar [[Larabci]] &quot;nada&quot; (ندی), ma'ana &quot;dew&quot;, kuma tana nuna yanayin 'dewy' na nama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 July 2013 |title=Mandi on my mind |url=https://gulfnews.com/going-out/restaurants/mandi-on-my-mind-1.1206544 |access-date=Jun 5, 2021 |website=gulfnews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hanyar da ake amfani da ita ==
Mandi yawanci ana yin ta ne daga [[shinkafa]], [[Goat meat|Goat]]&quot; id=&quot;mwTQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Meat&quot;&gt;nama (lamb, [[raƙumi]], Hawaii ko kaza), da kuma cakuda kayan yaji da ake kira hawaij. Babban dabarar da ke bambanta mandi daga sauran abincin nama ita ce ana dafa nama a cikin tannor.

Ana sanya itace mai bushe (a al'ada samer ko gadha) a cikin tandoor kuma an ƙone shi don samar da zafi yana juya itace zuwa gawayi.

Ana tafasa nama tare da kayan yaji duka har sai an yi amfani da kayan yaƙi don dafa shinkafa a kasan tandoor. Ana dakatar da nama a cikin tandoor sama da shinkafa kuma ba tare da taɓa gawayi ba. Bayan haka, ana rufe dukan tandoor tare da yumɓu har zuwa awanni takwas.

== Bambancin yanki ==
Mandi ta wuce asalin Yemen kuma yanzu ta shahara a sassa da yawa na yankin Larabawa, gami da [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]], Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, da Masar. Hakanan ana cinye shi a yankuna kamar Levant, Turkiyya, da Kudancin Asiya, inda aka sani da &quot;kuzhi mandi&quot; a [[Kerala]], Indiya. Kowane yanki sau da yawa yana kunshe da kayan yaji na gida da hanyoyin dafa abinci, wanda ke haifar da fassarori na musamman na abincin.

=== Misira ===
''Abu Mardam'' (Arabic), wanda kuma ake kira mandi, abinci ne da ake samu a cikin Abincin Masar da aka yi ta hanyar dafa kaza ko duck tare da kayan lambu a cikin rami na karkashin kasa, yana cikin Siwa Oasis .</text>
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'''Mandi''' (Arabic) abinci ne na gargajiya na Larabawa. Ya ƙunshi galibi nama da shinkafa tare da cakuda kayan yaji, kuma ana dafa shi a cikin rami. Ana cinye shi a mafi yawan yankuna na [[Yankin Larabawa]] kuma ana samunsa a [[Misra|Misira]], Hyderabad Deccan (inda mutane da yawa na zuriyar Yemen ke zaune), Levant, [[Turkiyya]], [[Kerala]] da Kudu maso gabashin Asiya.

== Tarihi ==
Littafin girke-girke na [[Aleppo]] na ƙarni na 13 ''Kitab al-Wuslah ila l-habib'' ya ambaci girke-kirayen gasa ɗan rago gaba ɗaya a cikin rami na ƙasa, masanin tarihin abinci Nawal Nasrallah ya kwatanta wannan abincin da ''sarb'' na zamani da aka samu a cikin Abincin Jordan.

== Magana ==
Kalmar &quot;mandi&quot; ta fito ne Raɓa kalmar [[Larabci]] &quot;nada&quot; (ندی), ma'ana &quot;dew&quot;, kuma tana nuna yanayin 'dewy' na nama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 July 2013 |title=Mandi on my mind |url=https://gulfnews.com/going-out/restaurants/mandi-on-my-mind-1.1206544 |access-date=Jun 5, 2021 |website=gulfnews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hanyar da ake amfani da ita ==
Mandi yawanci ana yin ta ne daga [[shinkafa]], [[Goat meat|Goat]]&quot; id=&quot;mwTQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Meat&quot;&gt;nama (lamb, [[raƙumi]], Hawaii ko kaza), da kuma cakuda kayan yaji da ake kira hawaij. Babban dabarar da ke bambanta mandi daga sauran abincin nama ita ce ana dafa nama a cikin tannor.

Ana sanya itace mai bushe (a al'ada samer ko gadha) a cikin tandoor kuma an ƙone shi don samar da zafi yana juya itace zuwa gawayi.

Ana tafasa nama tare da kayan yaji duka har sai an yi amfani da kayan yaƙi don dafa shinkafa a kasan tandoor. Ana dakatar da nama a cikin tandoor sama da shinkafa kuma ba tare da taɓa gawayi ba. Bayan haka, ana rufe dukan tandoor tare da yumɓu har zuwa awanni takwas.

== Bambancin yanki ==
Mandi ta wuce asalin Yemen kuma yanzu ta shahara a sassa da yawa na yankin Larabawa, gami da [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]], Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, da Masar. Hakanan ana cinye shi a yankuna kamar Levant, Turkiyya, da Kudancin Asiya, inda aka sani da &quot;kuzhi mandi&quot; a [[Kerala]], Indiya. Kowane yanki sau da yawa yana kunshe da kayan yaji na gida da hanyoyin dafa abinci, wanda ke haifar da fassarori na musamman na abincin.

=== Misira ===
''Abu Mardam'' (Arabic), wanda kuma ake kira mandi, abinci ne da ake samu a cikin Abincin Masar da aka yi ta hanyar dafa kaza ko duck tare da kayan lambu a cikin rami na karkashin kasa, yana cikin Siwa Oasis .</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829218</id>
      <parentid>829217</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:46:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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      <text bytes="2475" sha1="lfztqr8te3kusin3enyk5yhhx66f0y3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Mandi_Pit.jpg|alt=A pit made from brick and mortar built for Mandi cooking.|thumb|Ramin da aka yi don dafa Mandi]]
'''Mandi''' (Arabic) abinci ne na gargajiya na Larabawa. Ya ƙunshi galibi nama da shinkafa tare da cakuda kayan yaji, kuma ana dafa shi a cikin rami. Ana cinye shi a mafi yawan yankuna na [[Yankin Larabawa]] kuma ana samunsa a [[Misra|Misira]], Hyderabad Deccan (inda mutane da yawa na zuriyar Yemen ke zaune), Levant, [[Turkiyya]], [[Kerala]] da Kudu maso gabashin Asiya.

== Tarihi ==
Littafin girke-girke na [[Aleppo]] na ƙarni na 13 ''Kitab al-Wuslah ila l-habib'' ya ambaci girke-kirayen gasa ɗan rago gaba ɗaya a cikin rami na ƙasa, masanin tarihin abinci Nawal Nasrallah ya kwatanta wannan abincin da ''sarb'' na zamani da aka samu a cikin Abincin Jordan.

== Magana ==
Kalmar &quot;mandi&quot; ta fito ne Raɓa kalmar [[Larabci]] &quot;nada&quot; (ندی), ma'ana &quot;dew&quot;, kuma tana nuna yanayin 'dewy' na nama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 July 2013 |title=Mandi on my mind |url=https://gulfnews.com/going-out/restaurants/mandi-on-my-mind-1.1206544 |access-date=Jun 5, 2021 |website=gulfnews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hanyar da ake amfani da ita ==
Mandi yawanci ana yin ta ne daga [[shinkafa]], nama (lamb, [[raƙumi]], Hawaii ko kaza), da kuma cakuda kayan yaji da ake kira hawaij. Babban dabarar da ke bambanta mandi daga sauran abincin nama ita ce ana dafa nama a cikin tannor.

Ana sanya itace mai bushe (a al'ada samer ko gadha) a cikin tandoor kuma an ƙone shi don samar da zafi yana juya itace zuwa gawayi.

Ana tafasa nama tare da kayan yaji duka har sai an yi amfani da kayan yaƙi don dafa shinkafa a kasan tandoor. Ana dakatar da nama a cikin tandoor sama da shinkafa kuma ba tare da taɓa gawayi ba. Bayan haka, ana rufe dukan tandoor tare da yumɓu har zuwa awanni takwas.

== Bambancin yanki ==
Mandi ta wuce asalin Yemen kuma yanzu ta shahara a sassa da yawa na yankin Larabawa, gami da [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]], Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, da Masar. Hakanan ana cinye shi a yankuna kamar Levant, Turkiyya, da Kudancin Asiya, inda aka sani da &quot;kuzhi mandi&quot; a [[Kerala]], Indiya. Kowane yanki sau da yawa yana kunshe da kayan yaji na gida da hanyoyin dafa abinci, wanda ke haifar da fassarori na musamman na abincin.

=== Misira ===
''Abu Mardam'' (Arabic), wanda kuma ake kira mandi, abinci ne da ake samu a cikin Abincin Masar da aka yi ta hanyar dafa kaza ko duck tare da kayan lambu a cikin rami na karkashin kasa, yana cikin Siwa Oasis .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Macarona bil-bechamel</title>
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    <id>149003</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829219</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:47:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348010149|Macarona bil-bechamel]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="5246" sha1="oahyr6v0ae8w2jqdm2y30xgeq0hg23y" xml:space="preserve">'''Macarona bil-bechamel''' (Larabci na Masar) burodi ne na gargajiya na Masar wanda ya haɗu da pasta, soya mai ɗanɗano, da soya mai ƙanshi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Food Guide |url=https://travelfoodatlas.com/egyptian-food |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Travel Food Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 10, 2025 |title=Macarona Bechamel (Egyptian Pasta Bake) |url=https://amiraspantry.com/egyptian-baked-bechamel-pasta/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Amira's Pantry}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=معكرونة بشاميل باللحمة المفرومة |url=https://www.puckarabia.com/ar/recipes/pasta-bake-with-bechamel-sauce/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Puck Arabia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu sassan sun haɗa da saman cuku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-03 |title=Egyptian Macarona Bechamel Recipe |url=https://www.chocolatesandchai.com/egyptian-macarona-bechamel-recipe/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=Chocolates &amp; Chai |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan casserole yana tunatar da lasagna na Italiyanci da pastitsio na Girkanci, mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ne daga ƙarshen a farkon karni na 20, lokacin da wata babbar al'umma ta Girka ta zauna a Misira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 3, 2021 |title=Macarona Forn: مكرونة فرن او مكرونة بشاميل |url=https://cheznermine.com/2021/02/03/macarona-bechamel-forn-the-dish-that-bridges-three-cultures/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Macarona Bechamel: Egypt’s Superior Answer to Lasagna |url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2025/01/07/macarona-bechamel-egypts-superior-answer-to-lasagna/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Egyptian Streets}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Macarona bil-bechamel, sanannen abincin Masar, ya samo asali ne daga masu dafa abinci da aka horar da Faransanci waɗanda suka yi aiki a cikin ɗakunan abinci na fadar khedival da otal-otal masu alatu a tsakiyar karni na 19. Wadannan masu dafa abinci sun gabatar da dabarun dafa abinci na Turai, wanda daga baya masu dafa abinci na Masar suka karɓa.&lt;ref name=&quot;rawiablanazira&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ask Abla Nazira |url=https://rawi-publishing.com/articles/ask-abla-nazira?lang=en |access-date=19 March 2025 |website=Rawi Publishing}}&lt;/ref&gt; A farkon karni na 20, gidajen cin abinci na Girka a [[Kairo|Alkahira]] da [[Alexandria|Iskandariya]] sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fadada jita-jita kamar pastitsio, wanda ya riga ya kasance na Girka ga macarona bil-bechamel. Masu dafa abinci na Masar sun daidaita abincin, sun maye gurbin kayan yaji na gargajiya da sauce na béchamel, dabara da ke da tasiri daga abincin Faransa. Wannan canjin ya kasance a cikin dafa abinci na gida na Masar ta hanyar litattafan dafa abinci kamar su Kitab Abla Nazira, wanda ya daidaita abincin kuma ya sanya shi babban abu na gidajen Masar. Maimakon shigo da Turai kai tsaye, macarona bil-bechamel yana wakiltar haɗuwa da al'adun abinci na Bahar Rum, wanda ya samo asali a cikin al'adun cin abinci na Masar.&lt;ref name=&quot;rawiablanazira&quot; /&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen ==
Shirye-shiryen macarona bil-bechamel ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwa uku: pasta, naman nama, da naman bechamel. Ana amfani da pasta na Penne, ana dafa shi har sai an zubar da shi, kuma an ajiye shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;eyesclosed&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2024 |title=Egyptian Macarona Bechamel Recipe |url=https://eyesclosedcooking.com/blog/egyptian-macarona-bechamel-recipe |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Eyes Closed Cooking}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana shirya naman nama ta hanyar sautéing albasa da tafarnuwa a cikin man shanu har sai an taushi da ƙanshi. Ana ƙara naman sa kuma a dafa shi har sai an yi launin ruwan kasa. An haɗa sauce na tumatir, kuma an haɗa cakuda tare da gishiri, baƙar fata, da thyme. Ana dafa wannan sauce a takaice don ba da damar dandano ya haɗu.&lt;ref name=&quot;eyesclosed&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2024 |title=Egyptian Macarona Bechamel Recipe |url=https://eyesclosedcooking.com/blog/egyptian-macarona-bechamel-recipe |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Eyes Closed Cooking}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana yin sauce na béchamel ta hanyar ƙirƙirar roux daga sassan man shanu da gari daidai, an dafa shi har zuwa zinariya. A hankali, ana shayar da madara don cimma daidaituwa mai santsi, mai laushi. Ana ƙara kayan yaji kamar gishiri, fararen albasa, da nutmeg don inganta dandano.&lt;ref name=&quot;eyesclosed&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2024 |title=Egyptian Macarona Bechamel Recipe |url=https://eyesclosedcooking.com/blog/egyptian-macarona-bechamel-recipe |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Eyes Closed Cooking}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Don tara abincin, ana sanya wani nau'i na dafa abinci a cikin abincin yin burodi, sannan kuma ana amfani da naman nama, kuma a saman shi da wani nau'in pasta. Ana zuba sauce na béchamel a saman, kuma don ƙara wadata, ana iya yayyafa cuku na mozzarella da aka yanka kafin yin burodi. Ana yin burodi a cikin tanda har sai ya zama ruwan kasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;eyesclosed&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2024 |title=Egyptian Macarona Bechamel Recipe |url=https://eyesclosedcooking.com/blog/egyptian-macarona-bechamel-recipe |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Eyes Closed Cooking}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>829220</id>
      <parentid>829219</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:47:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
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      <origin>829220</origin>
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      <text bytes="5259" sha1="t8yi4lh9ho60qpitnou0l29l7egipbx" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Macarona bil-bechamel''' (Larabci na Masar) burodi ne na gargajiya na Masar wanda ya haɗu da pasta, soya mai ɗanɗano, da soya mai ƙanshi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Food Guide |url=https://travelfoodatlas.com/egyptian-food |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Travel Food Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 10, 2025 |title=Macarona Bechamel (Egyptian Pasta Bake) |url=https://amiraspantry.com/egyptian-baked-bechamel-pasta/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Amira's Pantry}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=معكرونة بشاميل باللحمة المفرومة |url=https://www.puckarabia.com/ar/recipes/pasta-bake-with-bechamel-sauce/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Puck Arabia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu sassan sun haɗa da saman cuku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-03 |title=Egyptian Macarona Bechamel Recipe |url=https://www.chocolatesandchai.com/egyptian-macarona-bechamel-recipe/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=Chocolates &amp; Chai |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan casserole yana tunatar da lasagna na Italiyanci da pastitsio na Girkanci, mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ne daga ƙarshen a farkon karni na 20, lokacin da wata babbar al'umma ta Girka ta zauna a Misira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 3, 2021 |title=Macarona Forn: مكرونة فرن او مكرونة بشاميل |url=https://cheznermine.com/2021/02/03/macarona-bechamel-forn-the-dish-that-bridges-three-cultures/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Macarona Bechamel: Egypt’s Superior Answer to Lasagna |url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2025/01/07/macarona-bechamel-egypts-superior-answer-to-lasagna/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Egyptian Streets}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Macarona bil-bechamel, sanannen abincin Masar, ya samo asali ne daga masu dafa abinci da aka horar da Faransanci waɗanda suka yi aiki a cikin ɗakunan abinci na fadar khedival da otal-otal masu alatu a tsakiyar karni na 19. Wadannan masu dafa abinci sun gabatar da dabarun dafa abinci na Turai, wanda daga baya masu dafa abinci na Masar suka karɓa.&lt;ref name=&quot;rawiablanazira&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ask Abla Nazira |url=https://rawi-publishing.com/articles/ask-abla-nazira?lang=en |access-date=19 March 2025 |website=Rawi Publishing}}&lt;/ref&gt; A farkon karni na 20, gidajen cin abinci na Girka a [[Kairo|Alkahira]] da [[Alexandria|Iskandariya]] sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fadada jita-jita kamar pastitsio, wanda ya riga ya kasance na Girka ga macarona bil-bechamel. Masu dafa abinci na Masar sun daidaita abincin, sun maye gurbin kayan yaji na gargajiya da sauce na béchamel, dabara da ke da tasiri daga abincin Faransa. Wannan canjin ya kasance a cikin dafa abinci na gida na Masar ta hanyar litattafan dafa abinci kamar su Kitab Abla Nazira, wanda ya daidaita abincin kuma ya sanya shi babban abu na gidajen Masar. Maimakon shigo da Turai kai tsaye, macarona bil-bechamel yana wakiltar haɗuwa da al'adun abinci na Bahar Rum, wanda ya samo asali a cikin al'adun cin abinci na Masar.&lt;ref name=&quot;rawiablanazira&quot; /&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen ==
Shirye-shiryen macarona bil-bechamel ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwa uku: pasta, naman nama, da naman bechamel. Ana amfani da pasta na Penne, ana dafa shi har sai an zubar da shi, kuma an ajiye shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;eyesclosed&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2024 |title=Egyptian Macarona Bechamel Recipe |url=https://eyesclosedcooking.com/blog/egyptian-macarona-bechamel-recipe |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Eyes Closed Cooking}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana shirya naman nama ta hanyar sautéing albasa da tafarnuwa a cikin man shanu har sai an taushi da ƙanshi. Ana ƙara naman sa kuma a dafa shi har sai an yi launin ruwan kasa. An haɗa sauce na tumatir, kuma an haɗa cakuda tare da gishiri, baƙar fata, da thyme. Ana dafa wannan sauce a takaice don ba da damar dandano ya haɗu.&lt;ref name=&quot;eyesclosed&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2024 |title=Egyptian Macarona Bechamel Recipe |url=https://eyesclosedcooking.com/blog/egyptian-macarona-bechamel-recipe |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Eyes Closed Cooking}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana yin sauce na béchamel ta hanyar ƙirƙirar roux daga sassan man shanu da gari daidai, an dafa shi har zuwa zinariya. A hankali, ana shayar da madara don cimma daidaituwa mai santsi, mai laushi. Ana ƙara kayan yaji kamar gishiri, fararen albasa, da nutmeg don inganta dandano.&lt;ref name=&quot;eyesclosed&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2024 |title=Egyptian Macarona Bechamel Recipe |url=https://eyesclosedcooking.com/blog/egyptian-macarona-bechamel-recipe |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Eyes Closed Cooking}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Don tara abincin, ana sanya wani nau'i na dafa abinci a cikin abincin yin burodi, sannan kuma ana amfani da naman nama, kuma a saman shi da wani nau'in pasta. Ana zuba sauce na béchamel a saman, kuma don ƙara wadata, ana iya yayyafa cuku na mozzarella da aka yanka kafin yin burodi. Ana yin burodi a cikin tanda har sai ya zama ruwan kasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;eyesclosed&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2024 |title=Egyptian Macarona Bechamel Recipe |url=https://eyesclosedcooking.com/blog/egyptian-macarona-bechamel-recipe |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Eyes Closed Cooking}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Abincin Masar
* Jerin abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya
* Jerin abincin Afirka

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sopo na Lentil</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>149004</id>
    <revision>
      <id>829221</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:47:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1332711972|Lentil soup]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>829221</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4277" sha1="clc9covb8d8cs3z9zdp2vhb43brm7qc" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Lentils|Lens]] sopo na lentil''' shine sopo tare da lentils a matsayin babban sinadarinsa; ana iya amfani da lentil mai launin ruwan kasa, ja, rawaya, kore ko baƙar fata, tare da ko ba tare da husk ba. Gilashin rawaya da ja da aka cire sun rushe a cikin dafa abinci, suna yin babban miya. Sopo na lentil abinci ne na yau da kullun a duk faɗin Turai, Latin Amurka da Gabas ta Tsakiya.

== Tarihi da wallafe-wallafen ==
An gano lentils a cikin Paleolithic da Mesolithic layers na Franchthi Cave a Girka (shekaru 13,000 zuwa 9,500 da suka gabata), a ƙarshen Mesolittic a Mureybet da Tell Abu Hureyra a [[Siriya]], da kuma shafukan da suka fara zuwa 8000 BC a yankin Jericho. Aristophanes (karni na 5 - 4 BC) ya kira shi &quot;mafi kyawun kayan abinci&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Did You Know: Food History - A Short History of Lentils |url=http://www.cliffordawright.com/caw/food/entries/display.php/id/61/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055202/http://www.cliffordawright.com/caw/food/entries/display.php/id/61/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=10 December 2018 |website=www.cliffordawright.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An gano ragowar lentils a cikin kaburbura na sarauta a cikin Theban Necropolis a Misira, wanda ya kasance daga 2400 BC. Littafin dafa abinci na Romawa ''Apicius,'' wanda aka tattara a ƙarni na 1 AD, ya haɗa da girke-girke don sopo na lentil tare da chestnuts.

An ambaci sopo na lentil a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki: a cikin Farawa 25:30-34, Isuwa yana shirye ya ba da haƙƙin haihuwa don tukunyar jan sopo mai ƙanshi wanda ɗan'uwansa, Yakubu ke dafawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Citation|journal=Cynthia|url-status=Meyers}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Wannan labarin ya nuna cewa an ci sopo na lentil a Isra'ila ta dā.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; A cikin al'adar Yahudawa, ana ba da sopo na lentil a lokutan makoki; zagaye na lentil yana wakiltar cikakken zagaye na rayuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rabbi N. Daniel Korobkin |date=November 26, 2008 |title=Lentil Soup |url=https://jewishjournal.com/culture/religion/torah_portion/67299/ |access-date=10 December 2018 |website=Jewish Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iri-iri ==
[[Fayil:3_types_of_lentil.jpg|right|thumb|Nau'ikan lentils da yawa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin sopo]]
Sopo na lentil na iya haɗawa da kayan lambu [[Tumatir|Tumar]] carot, [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], Celery, parsley, tumatir, [[Kabushi|kabewa]], plantain da [[albasa]]. Abincin da aka saba amfani da shi shinge [[tafarnuwa]], [[Ganyen bay|Bay leaf]], cumin, [[Man zaitun]], [[cardamom]] da vinegar. Wani lokaci ana yin ado da croutons ko yankan ganye ko [[man shanu]], [[Man zaitun]], cream ko yogurt. Sopo na lentil na Indiya yana dauke da kayan ƙanshi iri-iri.

A cikin abincin Iraqi da Levantine, ana ƙara wa miyar kayan ƙanshi da kumfar da cumin, sannan a ɗora ta da taliyar vermicelli mai laushi da aka gasa da ake kira ''sha'iriyya'' ( {{Lang|ar|شعيرية}} ), kuma a yi amfani da shi da lemun tsami don matsewa.   &lt;ref name=&quot;asif&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Smat (Arab Lentil Soup With Noodles) Recipe - Nadir Abu-Seif |url=https://asif.org/en/recipes/smat-arab-lentil-soup-with-noodles/ |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=Asif Culinary Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt; A [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], ƙara ruwan lemun tsami yana ba da ƙarfi kuma yana rage nauyin abincin. &lt;ref name=&quot;vegparadise.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vegetarians in Paradise/Lentil History, Lentil Nutrition, Lentil Recipe |url=https://www.vegparadise.com/highestperch22.html |access-date=10 December 2018 |website=www.vegparadise.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Rishta'' miyar lentil da taliya ce da aka saba yi a [[Lebanon]] .  A Masar da ko'ina cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya, ana yin miyar a matsayin mai tsarki kafin a yi ta, kuma ana cin ta ne a lokacin hunturu. &lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite web |title=Cook in the Moment: Egyptian Red Lentil Soup |url=http://ladomestique.com/2012/02/23/cook-in-the-moment-egyptian-red-lentil-soup/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304142142/http://ladomestique.com/2012/02/23/cook-in-the-moment-egyptian-red-lentil-soup/ |archive-date=4 March 2012 |access-date=7 December 2013}}
&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite web |last=Salem |first=Dahlia |title=Egyptian Lentil Soup |url=https://allrecipes.com/recipe/egyptian-lentil-soup/ |access-date=7 December 2013}}
&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <id>829223</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:48:40Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Nassmart1</username>
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'''Lens sopo na lentil''' shine sopo tare da lentils a matsayin babban sinadarinsa; ana iya amfani da lentil mai launin ruwan kasa, ja, rawaya, kore ko baƙar fata, tare da ko ba tare da husk ba. Gilashin rawaya da ja da aka cire sun rushe a cikin dafa abinci, suna yin babban miya. Sopo na lentil abinci ne na yau da kullun a duk faɗin Turai, Latin Amurka da Gabas ta Tsakiya.

== Tarihi da wallafe-wallafen ==
An gano lentils a cikin Paleolithic da Mesolithic layers na Franchthi Cave a Girka (shekaru 13,000 zuwa 9,500 da suka gabata), a ƙarshen Mesolittic a Mureybet da Tell Abu Hureyra a [[Siriya]], da kuma shafukan da suka fara zuwa 8000 BC a yankin Jericho. Aristophanes (karni na 5 - 4 BC) ya kira shi &quot;mafi kyawun kayan abinci&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Did You Know: Food History - A Short History of Lentils |url=http://www.cliffordawright.com/caw/food/entries/display.php/id/61/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055202/http://www.cliffordawright.com/caw/food/entries/display.php/id/61/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=10 December 2018 |website=www.cliffordawright.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An gano ragowar lentils a cikin kaburbura na sarauta a cikin Theban Necropolis a Misira, wanda ya kasance daga 2400 BC. Littafin dafa abinci na Romawa ''Apicius,'' wanda aka tattara a ƙarni na 1 AD, ya haɗa da girke-girke don sopo na lentil tare da chestnuts.

An ambaci sopo na lentil a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki: a cikin Farawa 25:30-34, Isuwa yana shirye ya ba da haƙƙin haihuwa don tukunyar jan sopo mai ƙanshi wanda ɗan'uwansa, Yakubu ke dafawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Citation|journal=Cynthia|url-status=Meyers}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Wannan labarin ya nuna cewa an ci sopo na lentil a Isra'ila ta dā.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; A cikin al'adar Yahudawa, ana ba da sopo na lentil a lokutan makoki; zagaye na lentil yana wakiltar cikakken zagaye na rayuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rabbi N. Daniel Korobkin |date=November 26, 2008 |title=Lentil Soup |url=https://jewishjournal.com/culture/religion/torah_portion/67299/ |access-date=10 December 2018 |website=Jewish Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iri-iri ==
[[Fayil:3_types_of_lentil.jpg|right|thumb|Nau'ikan lentils da yawa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin sopo]]
Sopo na lentil na iya haɗawa da kayan lambu [[Tumatir|Tumar]] carot, [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], Celery, parsley, tumatir, [[Kabushi|kabewa]], plantain da [[albasa]]. Abincin da aka saba amfani da shi shinge [[tafarnuwa]], [[Ganyen bay|Bay leaf]], cumin, [[Man zaitun]], [[cardamom]] da vinegar. Wani lokaci ana yin ado da croutons ko yankan ganye ko [[man shanu]], [[Man zaitun]], cream ko yogurt. Sopo na lentil na Indiya yana dauke da kayan ƙanshi iri-iri.

A cikin abincin Iraqi da Levantine, ana ƙara wa miyar kayan ƙanshi da kumfar da cumin, sannan a ɗora ta da taliyar vermicelli mai laushi da aka gasa da ake kira ''sha'iriyya'' ( {{Lang|ar|شعيرية}} ), kuma a yi amfani da shi da lemun tsami don matsewa.   &lt;ref name=&quot;asif&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Smat (Arab Lentil Soup With Noodles) Recipe - Nadir Abu-Seif |url=https://asif.org/en/recipes/smat-arab-lentil-soup-with-noodles/ |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=Asif Culinary Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt; A [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], ƙara ruwan lemun tsami yana ba da ƙarfi kuma yana rage nauyin abincin. &lt;ref name=&quot;vegparadise.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vegetarians in Paradise/Lentil History, Lentil Nutrition, Lentil Recipe |url=https://www.vegparadise.com/highestperch22.html |access-date=10 December 2018 |website=www.vegparadise.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Rishta'' miyar lentil da taliya ce da aka saba yi a [[Lebanon]] .  A Masar da ko'ina cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya, ana yin miyar a matsayin mai tsarki kafin a yi ta, kuma ana cin ta ne a lokacin hunturu. &lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite web |title=Cook in the Moment: Egyptian Red Lentil Soup |url=http://ladomestique.com/2012/02/23/cook-in-the-moment-egyptian-red-lentil-soup/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304142142/http://ladomestique.com/2012/02/23/cook-in-the-moment-egyptian-red-lentil-soup/ |archive-date=4 March 2012 |access-date=7 December 2013}}
&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite web |last=Salem |first=Dahlia |title=Egyptian Lentil Soup |url=https://allrecipes.com/recipe/egyptian-lentil-soup/ |access-date=7 December 2013}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Abincin Habasha</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340124704|Ethiopian cuisine]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Injera_with_eight_kinds_of_stew.jpg|thumb|Amharic-language romanization&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion&quot;&gt;Bäyaynätu (Amharic: በያይነቱ,  bäyaynädu): wannan abincin da ya kunshi {{Transl|am|[[injera]]}} da nau'ikan {{Transl|am|[[Wat (food)|wat]]}} da yawa (sage) na musamman ne na abincin [[Itofiya|Habashawa]].]]

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
[[Fayil:Kita_herb_bread.jpg|right|thumb|Gurasar ganye ta Habasha]]
Abincin da aka saba ci ya ƙunshi {{Transl|am|[[injera]]}} tare da miya mai yaji, wanda galibi ya haɗa da naman sa, rago, kayan lambu da nau'ikan wake iri-iri (kamar lentil), kuma ana cin sa a kwandon {{Transl|har|[[mesob]]}} .  Abincin Jihar Kudancin Habasha, Yankin Jama'ar Kudu maso Yamma, Jihar Tsakiyar Habasha, da yankin Sidama suma suna amfani da shukar ayaba ta ƙarya ( {{Transl|am|enset}} ; Ge'ez  , {{Transl|gez|ïnset}} ), wani nau'in ensete . Ana niƙa shukar a niƙa a yi ta yayyanka ta don yin abinci iri-iri, gami da abinci mai kama da burodi da ake kira {{Transl|am|[[Kocho (food)|kocho]]}} ( Ge'ez:  , {{Transl|gez|qoćo|}} ), wanda ake ci da {{Transl|am|[[kitfo]]}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;aaas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=1997 |title=Uses of Enset |url=http://www.aaas.org/international/africa/enset/uses.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819143500/http://www.aaas.org/international/africa/enset/uses.shtml |archive-date=19 August 2007 |access-date=13 August 2007 |website=The 'Tree Against Hunger': Enset-Based Agricultural Systems in Ethiopia |publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya yin foda a tushen wannan shukar kuma a shirya shi a matsayin abin sha mai zafi da ake kira {{Transl|am|bulla}} ( Ge'ez:  , {{Transl|gez|būlā}} ), wanda galibi ana ba wa waɗanda suka gaji ko suka yi rashin lafiya. Wani abincin Gurage na yau da kullun shine kofi da man shanu ( {{Transl|am|kebbeh}} ). Ana kuma gasa burodin ganyen {{Transl|am|Kita}} . {{Transl|am|Quanta}} (ko {{Transl|am|quwanta}} ), busasshen naman sa ne da aka yi da iska tare da kayan ƙanshi na gargajiya; ana cin sa da kansa a matsayin abun ciye-ciye, ko kuma a matsayin sinadari a cikin miya da sauran abinci.

== Tarihi ==
Tarihin abincin Habasha yana da tasiri ta hanyar gadon noma na ƙasar. Babban abin da ke cikin al'ada shi ne ''injera'' - wani abu mai ɗanɗano &lt;ref name=&quot;exploratorium&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ethiopian Injera Recipe {{!}} Exploratorium |url=https://annex.exploratorium.edu/cooking/bread/recipe-injera.html |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=Exploratorium}}&lt;/ref&gt; da burodi mai laushi wanda aka yi daga ''teff'', wani tsohon hatsi da aka samo asali daga Habasha. &lt;ref name=&quot;teffco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Making Injera - Tips &amp; Tricks |url=https://teffco.com/traditional-injera/tips-tricks/ |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=The Teff Company}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wuraren cin abinci, ''injera'' galibi ana haɗa shi da nau'ikan abinci ''na wot'' wanda ke ɗauke da kayan lambu, wake, da nama; wani nau'in abinci, ''doro wot'', wani miyar kaza mai yaji da aka ƙara masa ''berbere'', wani haɗin kayan ƙanshi wanda ya ƙunshi barkono barkono, tafarnuwa, citta, da kayan ƙanshi iri-iri, shine abincin ƙasar Habasha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Doro Wat (Spicy Ethiopian Chicken Stew) |url=https://www.daringgourmet.com/doro-wat-spicy-ethiopian-chicken-stew/ |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=Daring Gourmet}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>829226</id>
      <parentid>829225</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-03T11:49:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340124704|Ethiopian cuisine]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Injera_with_eight_kinds_of_stew.jpg|thumb|Amharic-language romanization&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion&quot;&gt;Bäyaynätu (Amharic: በያይነቱ,  bäyaynädu): wannan abincin da ya kunshi {{Transl|am|[[injera]]}} da nau'ikan {{Transl|am|[[Wat (food)|wat]]}} da yawa (sage) na musamman ne na abincin [[Itofiya|Habashawa]].]]
Abinci 'Yan Habasha (Amharic) ya ƙunshi kayan lambu kuma sau da yawa nama mai ɗanɗano. Wannan yawanci yana cikin nau'in {{Transl|am|[[wat (food)|wat]]}}, mai kauri, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a saman injera ({{Lang|am|እንጀራ}}), babban gurasar gurasa,  wanda ke da kimanin 50 centimeters (20 inci) a diamita kuma an yi shi da garin teff. Habashawa yawanci suna cin abinci da hannayensu na dama, suna amfani da ɓangarorin injera don karɓar cinyewar shigarwa da jita-jita na gefe.&lt;ref name=&quot;gonomad&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gonomad&quot; /&gt;

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
[[Fayil:Kita_herb_bread.jpg|right|thumb|Gurasar ganye ta Habasha]]
Abincin da aka saba ci ya ƙunshi {{Transl|am|[[injera]]}} tare da miya mai yaji, wanda galibi ya haɗa da naman sa, rago, kayan lambu da nau'ikan wake iri-iri (kamar lentil), kuma ana cin sa a kwandon {{Transl|har|[[mesob]]}} .  Abincin Jihar Kudancin Habasha, Yankin Jama'ar Kudu maso Yamma, Jihar Tsakiyar Habasha, da yankin Sidama suma suna amfani da shukar ayaba ta ƙarya ( {{Transl|am|enset}} ; Ge'ez  , {{Transl|gez|ïnset}} ), wani nau'in ensete . Ana niƙa shukar a niƙa a yi ta yayyanka ta don yin abinci iri-iri, gami da abinci mai kama da burodi da ake kira {{Transl|am|[[Kocho (food)|kocho]]}} ( Ge'ez:  , {{Transl|gez|qoćo|}} ), wanda ake ci da {{Transl|am|[[kitfo]]}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;aaas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=1997 |title=Uses of Enset |url=http://www.aaas.org/international/africa/enset/uses.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819143500/http://www.aaas.org/international/africa/enset/uses.shtml |archive-date=19 August 2007 |access-date=13 August 2007 |website=The 'Tree Against Hunger': Enset-Based Agricultural Systems in Ethiopia |publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya yin foda a tushen wannan shukar kuma a shirya shi a matsayin abin sha mai zafi da ake kira {{Transl|am|bulla}} ( Ge'ez:  , {{Transl|gez|būlā}} ), wanda galibi ana ba wa waɗanda suka gaji ko suka yi rashin lafiya. Wani abincin Gurage na yau da kullun shine kofi da man shanu ( {{Transl|am|kebbeh}} ). Ana kuma gasa burodin ganyen {{Transl|am|Kita}} . {{Transl|am|Quanta}} (ko {{Transl|am|quwanta}} ), busasshen naman sa ne da aka yi da iska tare da kayan ƙanshi na gargajiya; ana cin sa da kansa a matsayin abun ciye-ciye, ko kuma a matsayin sinadari a cikin miya da sauran abinci.

== Tarihi ==
Tarihin abincin Habasha yana da tasiri ta hanyar gadon noma na ƙasar. Babban abin da ke cikin al'ada shi ne ''injera'' - wani abu mai ɗanɗano &lt;ref name=&quot;exploratorium&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ethiopian Injera Recipe {{!}} Exploratorium |url=https://annex.exploratorium.edu/cooking/bread/recipe-injera.html |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=Exploratorium}}&lt;/ref&gt; da burodi mai laushi wanda aka yi daga ''teff'', wani tsohon hatsi da aka samo asali daga Habasha. &lt;ref name=&quot;teffco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Making Injera - Tips &amp; Tricks |url=https://teffco.com/traditional-injera/tips-tricks/ |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=The Teff Company}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wuraren cin abinci, ''injera'' galibi ana haɗa shi da nau'ikan abinci ''na wot'' wanda ke ɗauke da kayan lambu, wake, da nama; wani nau'in abinci, ''doro wot'', wani miyar kaza mai yaji da aka ƙara masa ''berbere'', wani haɗin kayan ƙanshi wanda ya ƙunshi barkono barkono, tafarnuwa, citta, da kayan ƙanshi iri-iri, shine abincin ƙasar Habasha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Doro Wat (Spicy Ethiopian Chicken Stew) |url=https://www.daringgourmet.com/doro-wat-spicy-ethiopian-chicken-stew/ |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=Daring Gourmet}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <id>829227</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
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      <text bytes="3940" sha1="g07v44aoievkmt58cuomc4b7d3ojut3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Injera_with_eight_kinds_of_stew.jpg|thumb|Amharic-language romanization&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion&quot;&gt;Bäyaynätu (Amharic: በያይነቱ,  bäyaynädu): wannan abincin da ya kunshi {{Transl|am|[[injera]]}} da nau'ikan {{Transl|am|[[Wat (food)|wat]]}} da yawa (sage) na musamman ne na abincin [[Itofiya|Habashawa]].]]
Abinci 'Yan Habasha (Amharic) ya ƙunshi kayan lambu kuma sau da yawa nama mai ɗanɗano. Wannan yawanci yana cikin nau'in {{Transl|am|[[wat (food)|wat]]}}, mai kauri, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a saman injera ({{Lang|am|እንጀራ}}), babban gurasar gurasa,  wanda ke da kimanin 50 centimeters (20 inci) a diamita kuma an yi shi da garin teff. Habashawa yawanci suna cin abinci da hannayensu na dama, suna amfani da ɓangarorin injera don karɓar cinyewar shigarwa da jita-jita na gefe.&lt;ref name=&quot;gonomad&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gonomad&quot; /&gt;

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
[[Fayil:Kita_herb_bread.jpg|right|thumb|Gurasar ganye ta Habasha]]
Abincin da aka saba ci ya ƙunshi {{Transl|am|[[injera]]}} tare da miya mai yaji, wanda galibi ya haɗa da naman sa, rago, kayan lambu da nau'ikan wake iri-iri (kamar lentil), kuma ana cin sa a kwandon {{Transl|har|[[mesob]]}} .  Abincin Jihar Kudancin Habasha, Yankin Jama'ar Kudu maso Yamma, Jihar Tsakiyar Habasha, da yankin Sidama suma suna amfani da shukar ayaba ta ƙarya ( {{Transl|am|enset}} ; Ge'ez  , {{Transl|gez|ïnset}} ), wani nau'in ensete . Ana niƙa shukar a niƙa a yi ta yayyanka ta don yin abinci iri-iri, gami da abinci mai kama da burodi da ake kira {{Transl|am|[[Kocho (food)|kocho]]}} ( Ge'ez:  , {{Transl|gez|qoćo|}} ), wanda ake ci da {{Transl|am|[[kitfo]]}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;aaas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=1997 |title=Uses of Enset |url=http://www.aaas.org/international/africa/enset/uses.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819143500/http://www.aaas.org/international/africa/enset/uses.shtml |archive-date=19 August 2007 |access-date=13 August 2007 |website=The 'Tree Against Hunger': Enset-Based Agricultural Systems in Ethiopia |publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya yin foda a tushen wannan shukar kuma a shirya shi a matsayin abin sha mai zafi da ake kira {{Transl|am|bulla}} ( Ge'ez:  , {{Transl|gez|būlā}} ), wanda galibi ana ba wa waɗanda suka gaji ko suka yi rashin lafiya. Wani abincin Gurage na yau da kullun shine kofi da man shanu ( {{Transl|am|kebbeh}} ). Ana kuma gasa burodin ganyen {{Transl|am|Kita}} . {{Transl|am|Quanta}} (ko {{Transl|am|quwanta}} ), busasshen naman sa ne da aka yi da iska tare da kayan ƙanshi na gargajiya; ana cin sa da kansa a matsayin abun ciye-ciye, ko kuma a matsayin sinadari a cikin miya da sauran abinci.

== Tarihi ==
Tarihin abincin Habasha yana da tasiri ta hanyar gadon noma na ƙasar. Babban abin da ke cikin al'ada shi ne ''injera'' - wani abu mai ɗanɗano &lt;ref name=&quot;exploratorium&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ethiopian Injera Recipe {{!}} Exploratorium |url=https://annex.exploratorium.edu/cooking/bread/recipe-injera.html |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=Exploratorium}}&lt;/ref&gt; da burodi mai laushi wanda aka yi daga ''teff'', wani tsohon hatsi da aka samo asali daga Habasha. &lt;ref name=&quot;teffco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Making Injera - Tips &amp; Tricks |url=https://teffco.com/traditional-injera/tips-tricks/ |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=The Teff Company}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wuraren cin abinci, ''injera'' galibi ana haɗa shi da nau'ikan abinci ''na wot'' wanda ke ɗauke da kayan lambu, wake, da nama; wani nau'in abinci, ''doro wot'', wani miyar kaza mai yaji da aka ƙara masa ''berbere'', wani haɗin kayan ƙanshi wanda ya ƙunshi barkono barkono, tafarnuwa, citta, da kayan ƙanshi iri-iri, shine abincin ƙasar Habasha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Doro Wat (Spicy Ethiopian Chicken Stew) |url=https://www.daringgourmet.com/doro-wat-spicy-ethiopian-chicken-stew/ |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=Daring Gourmet}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Awaze</title>
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'''Awaze''' kayan yaji ne mai ɗanɗano daga Abincin Habasha.

== Bayyanawa ==
Abin da ake amfani da shi shine jan albasa mai laushi wanda aka yi da kayan yaji iri-iri, gami da albasa, ginger, tafarnuwa, rosemary, thyme, coriander, cinnamon, cardamom, fenugreek, da kumin. Yawancin gidaje suna amfani da nasu girke-girke don yin awaze. Ana amfani dashi azaman kayan yaji da marinade,  kuma ana iya la'akari da shi a matsayin nau'in soya mai zafi.  Iri-iri sun haɗa da Berber awaze da mitmita awaze.

== Manazarta ==

== Dubi kuma ==

* [[Harissa]], irin wannan kayan yaji daga [[Abincin Maghrebi]]
* Gochujang, irin wannan kayan yaji daga Abincin Koriya</text>
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'''Awaze''' kayan yaji ne mai ɗanɗano daga Abincin Habasha.

== Bayyanawa ==
Abin da ake amfani da shi shine jan albasa mai laushi wanda aka yi da kayan yaji iri-iri, gami da albasa, ginger, tafarnuwa, rosemary, thyme, coriander, cinnamon, cardamom, fenugreek, da kumin. Yawancin gidaje suna amfani da nasu girke-girke don yin awaze. Ana amfani dashi azaman kayan yaji da marinade,  kuma ana iya la'akari da shi a matsayin nau'in soya mai zafi.  Iri-iri sun haɗa da Berber awaze da mitmita awaze.

== Manazarta ==

== Dubi kuma ==

* [[Harissa]], irin wannan kayan yaji daga [[Abincin Maghrebi]]
* Gochujang, irin wannan kayan yaji daga Abincin Koriya</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Berber</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1319867158|Berbere]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Berber''' (Amharic, Tigrinya) cakuda ne na kayan yaji wanda abubuwan da ke tattare da shi yawanci sun haɗa da sili, Coriander, [[tafarnuwa]], [[Citta|ginger]], tsaba mai tsarki na Habasha (besobela), [[Aframomum corrorima|Korarima]], rue, ajwain ko Radhuni, [[Habbatus Sauda|nigella]], da [[fenugreek]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ethnomed&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gall |first=Alevtina |last2=Zerihun Shenkute |date=November 3, 2009 |title=Ethiopian Traditional and Herbal Medications and their Interactions with Conventional Drugs |url=http://ethnomed.org/clinical/pharmacy/ethiopian-herb-drug-interactions |access-date=January 27, 2011 |website=EthnoMed |publisher=[[University of Washington]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Katzer |first=Gernot |date=July 20, 2010 |title=Ajwain (Trachyspermum copticum [L.] Link) |url=http://gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com/engl/Trac_cop.html |access-date=January 28, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana da mahimmanci a cikin abincin Habasha da [[Abincin Eritrea|Eritrea]].  kuma yana nufin chili peppers kanta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Debrawork&quot; /&gt;

Berbere wani lokacin yana kunshe da ganye da kayan yaji waɗanda ba a san su sosai a duniya ba. Wadannan sun hada da tsire-tsire da aka noma da wadanda ke girma a Habasha, kamar korarima (''[[Aframomum corrorima]]''). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernard Roussel and François Verdeaux |date=April 6–10, 2003 |title=Natural patrimony and local communities in ethiopia: geographical advantages and limitations of a system of indications |url=http://www.ur169.ird.fr/IMG/pdf/UrbanaEthiopie_anglais.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061126164622/http://www.ur169.ird.fr/IMG/pdf/UrbanaEthiopie_anglais.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-26 |website=29th Annual Spring Symposium of Centre for African Studies |quote=This Zingiberaceae, ''Aframomum corrorima'' (Braun) Jansen, is gathered in forests, and also grown in gardens. It is a basic spice in Ethiopia, used to flavor coffee and as an ingredient in various widely used condiments (berbere, mitmita, awaze, among others).}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Mitmita, wani cakuda kayan yaji na Habasha
* Awaze, kayan yaji na Habasha
* Piri piri
* Jerin abinci da abinci na Habasha

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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'''Berber''' (Amharic, Tigrinya) cakuda ne na kayan yaji wanda abubuwan da ke tattare da shi yawanci sun haɗa da sili, Coriander, [[tafarnuwa]], [[Citta|ginger]], tsaba mai tsarki na Habasha (besobela), [[Aframomum corrorima|Korarima]], rue, ajwain ko Radhuni, [[Habbatus Sauda|nigella]], da [[fenugreek]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ethnomed&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gall |first=Alevtina |last2=Zerihun Shenkute |date=November 3, 2009 |title=Ethiopian Traditional and Herbal Medications and their Interactions with Conventional Drugs |url=http://ethnomed.org/clinical/pharmacy/ethiopian-herb-drug-interactions |access-date=January 27, 2011 |website=EthnoMed |publisher=[[University of Washington]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Katzer |first=Gernot |date=July 20, 2010 |title=Ajwain (Trachyspermum copticum [L.] Link) |url=http://gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com/engl/Trac_cop.html |access-date=January 28, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana da mahimmanci a cikin abincin Habasha da [[Abincin Eritrea|Eritrea]].  kuma yana nufin chili peppers kanta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Debrawork&quot; /&gt;

Berbere wani lokacin yana kunshe da ganye da kayan yaji waɗanda ba a san su sosai a duniya ba. Wadannan sun hada da tsire-tsire da aka noma da wadanda ke girma a Habasha, kamar korarima (''[[Aframomum corrorima]]''). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernard Roussel and François Verdeaux |date=April 6–10, 2003 |title=Natural patrimony and local communities in ethiopia: geographical advantages and limitations of a system of indications |url=http://www.ur169.ird.fr/IMG/pdf/UrbanaEthiopie_anglais.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061126164622/http://www.ur169.ird.fr/IMG/pdf/UrbanaEthiopie_anglais.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-26 |website=29th Annual Spring Symposium of Centre for African Studies |quote=This Zingiberaceae, ''Aframomum corrorima'' (Braun) Jansen, is gathered in forests, and also grown in gardens. It is a basic spice in Ethiopia, used to flavor coffee and as an ingredient in various widely used condiments (berbere, mitmita, awaze, among others).}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Mitmita, wani cakuda kayan yaji na Habasha
* Awaze, kayan yaji na Habasha
* Piri piri
* Jerin abinci da abinci na Habasha

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Beyaynetu</title>
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        <id>28235</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334844604|Beyaynetu]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1833" sha1="cn42g80tbt94j9y7qoguh2084e8xly8" xml:space="preserve">'''Beyaynetu''' ( Amharic     ) abinci ne [[Itofiya|na Habasha]] / [[Eritrea|Eritrean]], wanda galibi ana jin daɗinsa a matsayin abinci mai daɗi. Yana haɗa [[injera]] - burodi mai laushi mai tsami - tare da nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban, gami da nama da kayan lambu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Redden |first=Claire |date=2023-09-13 |title=Ethiopian Beyaynetu Is A Must-Try For Those Who Like Variety In One Dish |url=https://www.tastingtable.com/1388955/ethiopian-beyainatu-variety-dish/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=Tasting Table |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗaya daga cikin abincin ƙasa na Habasha, yana nuna ɗanɗano daban-daban na abincin ƙasar.

Ana iya fassara kalmar ''bäyaynätu'' (a cikin Amharic a matsayin &quot;bambance-bambance&quot; ko &quot;bambobin&quot;, yana nuna nau'ikan sinadaran da suka hada wannan abincin.

== Iri-iri ==

* Mai cin ganyayyaki: An san salon kayan lambu kawai da ''''ʾätkəlt'' bäyaynätu'' (yayayaክልት በያይነቱ) ko ''''ye''tsom'''' bäyaynätu'' ({{Lang|am|የጾም በያይነቱ}}).  A nan, ʾätkəlt yana nufin &quot;tsire-tsire&quot; ko &quot;tsire&quot;, kuma yetsom yana nufin &quot;azumi&quot;, yana nuna lokacin da membobin Ikilisiyar Orthodox ta Tewahedo ta Habasha suka guji cin nama da kayan madara na makonni da yawa. Gabatarwa yä tana aiki azaman alamar asali, tare da tsom (&quot;azumi&quot;) don nuna &quot;azumi&quot;.
* Ba mai cin ganyayyaki ba: Lokacin da aka haɗa nama, yana tafiya da sunaye kamar ''''bä'' bäsga'' (በያይነቱ circula) ko ''''Yä''fsək'''' bäyaynätu'' ({{Lang|am|የፍስክ በያይነቱ}}). A cikin wannan mahallin, bä na nufin &quot;tare da&quot;, kuma ''Shiga'' na nufin &quot;nama&quot;. Yäfsək yana da alaƙa da lokacin da ba a yi azumi ba fsək a cikin Ikilisiyar Orthodox ta Habasha Tewahedo .

== Dubi kuma ==

* Banchan
* Kamayan
* Meze
* Rijsttafel
* Jirgin ruwa
* Tallafa
* Thali

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Beyaynetu''' ( Amharic     ) abinci ne [[Itofiya|na Habasha]] / [[Eritrea|Eritrean]], wanda galibi ana jin daɗinsa a matsayin abinci mai daɗi. Yana haɗa [[injera]] - burodi mai laushi mai tsami - tare da nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban, gami da nama da kayan lambu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Redden |first=Claire |date=2023-09-13 |title=Ethiopian Beyaynetu Is A Must-Try For Those Who Like Variety In One Dish |url=https://www.tastingtable.com/1388955/ethiopian-beyainatu-variety-dish/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=Tasting Table |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗaya daga cikin abincin ƙasa na Habasha, yana nuna ɗanɗano daban-daban na abincin ƙasar.

Ana iya fassara kalmar ''bäyaynätu'' (a cikin Amharic a matsayin &quot;bambance-bambance&quot; ko &quot;bambobin&quot;, yana nuna nau'ikan sinadaran da suka hada wannan abincin.

== Iri-iri ==

* Mai cin ganyayyaki: An san salon kayan lambu kawai da ''''ʾätkəlt'' bäyaynätu'' (yayayaክልት በያይነቱ) ko ''''ye''tsom'''' bäyaynätu'' ({{Lang|am|የጾም በያይነቱ}}).  A nan, ʾätkəlt yana nufin &quot;tsire-tsire&quot; ko &quot;tsire&quot;, kuma yetsom yana nufin &quot;azumi&quot;, yana nuna lokacin da membobin Ikilisiyar Orthodox ta Tewahedo ta Habasha suka guji cin nama da kayan madara na makonni da yawa. Gabatarwa yä tana aiki azaman alamar asali, tare da tsom (&quot;azumi&quot;) don nuna &quot;azumi&quot;.
* Ba mai cin ganyayyaki ba: Lokacin da aka haɗa nama, yana tafiya da sunaye kamar ''''bä'' bäsga'' (በያይነቱ circula) ko ''''Yä''fsək'''' bäyaynätu'' ({{Lang|am|የፍስክ በያይነቱ}}). A cikin wannan mahallin, bä na nufin &quot;tare da&quot;, kuma ''Shiga'' na nufin &quot;nama&quot;. Yäfsək yana da alaƙa da lokacin da ba a yi azumi ba fsək a cikin Ikilisiyar Orthodox ta Habasha Tewahedo .

== Dubi kuma ==

* Banchan
* Kamayan
* Meze
* Rijsttafel
* Jirgin ruwa
* Tallafa
* Thali

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Genfo</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326465125|Genfo]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Genfo''' (Amharic: ገንፎ, romanized: gänəfo), '''ga’at''' (Tigrinya: ጋዓት, ''ga'atə''), or '''marca''' (Oromo: marqaa) is a stiff porridge-like substance that is normally formed into a round shape with a hole in the middle for the dipping sauce, a mixture of butter and red peppers, or pulses such as sunflower, seed, nut (&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwGQ&quot;&gt;Carthamus tinctorius&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;) and flax (''Linum usitatissimum'').

Genfo yana da kamanceceniya da yawa tare da Larabawa [[Asida]]. Ana yin Genfo da sha'ir ko garin alkama kuma don dafa shi ana haɗa gari da ruwa kuma ana motsa shi koyaushe tare da cokali na katako. An gabatar da Genfo a cikin babban tudu tare da rami a tsakiya, cike da cakuda ''niter kibbeh'' da ''Berber''.&lt;ref&gt;Harry Kloman: ''Mesob Across America: Ethiopian Food in the U.S.A.'' Iuniverse, 2010, {{ISBN|978-1-4502-5866-1}}. &lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya cin burodi tare da hannayensu ko tare da akwati.

== Dubi kuma ==

* [[Abincin Eritrea]]
* Jerin abincin Afirka
* Jerin abinci da abinci na Habasha
* Jerin tashoshin
* Flummery, ainihin girke-girke wanda ya kasance mai tsami, mai zaki oatmeal jelly

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Genfo''' (Amharic: ገንፎ, romanized: gänəfo), '''ga’at''' (Tigrinya: ጋዓት, ''ga'atə''), or '''marca''' (Oromo: marqaa) is a stiff porridge-like substance that is normally formed into a round shape with a hole in the middle for the dipping sauce, a mixture of butter and red peppers, or pulses such as sunflower, seed, nut (&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwGQ&quot;&gt;Carthamus tinctorius&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;) and flax (''Linum usitatissimum'').

Genfo yana da kamanceceniya da yawa tare da Larabawa [[Asida]]. Ana yin Genfo da sha'ir ko garin alkama kuma don dafa shi ana haɗa gari da ruwa kuma ana motsa shi koyaushe tare da cokali na katako. An gabatar da Genfo a cikin babban tudu tare da rami a tsakiya, cike da cakuda ''niter kibbeh'' da ''Berber''.&lt;ref&gt;Harry Kloman: ''Mesob Across America: Ethiopian Food in the U.S.A.'' Iuniverse, 2010, {{ISBN|978-1-4502-5866-1}}. &lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya cin burodi tare da hannayensu ko tare da akwati.

== Dubi kuma ==

* [[Abincin Eritrea]]
* Jerin abincin Afirka
* Jerin abinci da abinci na Habasha
* Jerin tashoshin
* Flummery, ainihin girke-girke wanda ya kasance mai tsami, mai zaki oatmeal jelly

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Gesho</title>
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'''''Rhamnus prinoides''''', mai haske-leaf buckthorn, itace shrub na Afirka ko karamin itace a cikin iyalin Rhamnaceae . An fi sani da '''gesho''', masanin ilimin tsire-tsire na Faransa Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle ne ya fara bayyana shi a kimiyya a cikin shekara ta 1789.

== Bayyanawa ==
''Rhamnus prinoides'' yana faruwa daga [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Eritrea]], da [[Kenya]] zuwa [[Afirka ta Kudu]] a matsakaici zuwa tsawo. Suna girma a kusa da rafi ko a gefen gandun daji. Ƙananan 'ya'yan itace masu cin abinci suna da ja mai haske da kuma 'ya'ya.&lt;ref&gt;Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI); IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2020). &quot;Rhamnus prinoides&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T146405653A146444001. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T146405653A146444001.en. Retrieved 3 April 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amfani da shi ==
Tsire-tsire na ''Rhamnus prinoides'' yana da amfani da yawa tsakanin mazaunan Afirka. Ana girbe dukkan sassan shuka kuma ana amfani da su don abinci mai gina jiki, magani ko dalilai na addini. 

A [[Itofiya|Habasha]] da [[Eritrea]], inda aka san shuka da ''gesho'' ko ''gešo'',  ana amfani da shi ta hanyar da ta yi kama da hops. Ana tafasa rassan kuma an haɗa shi da zuma don yin ferment a mice da ake kira ''tej'' a Amharic da Tigrinya.

Hakanan ana amfani dashi a cikin giya na Talla (''Saiwa'' a Tigrinya), giya na Habasha da Eritrea.  Wannan abin sha na gida an yi shi ne daga gesho a matsayin babban sinadarin. Ana rarraba ganyen Gesho kuma ana buga su da tururi da pestle a cikin gari. Ana shirya malt na sha'ir kuma a raba shi kuma a niƙa shi. Wadannan sinadaran biyu sun haɗu, a cikin rabo wanda ya bambanta daga mai yin zuwa mai yin, kuma an fermented 3 zuwa 5 days a matsakaici. Finger millet (ko sorghum da garin masara a yankin) ana yin burodi, kuma a ƙarshe an haɗa su da maganin fermented. Bayan kwanaki 1-2 na fermentation, za'a iya tace ''Talla'' kuma a cinye shi a cikin abin sha da ake kira ''{{Not a typo|guesh}}'' ({{Lang|ti|tsiray}} a Tigrinya). A tsakiyar Kenya an san shuka da &quot;Mûkarakinga&quot; kuma an yi imanin cewa magani ne. Ana yanka yumbu na shuka, a tafasa sannan a kara shi a cikin miya.

== Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ==

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'''''Rhamnus prinoides''''', mai haske-leaf buckthorn, itace shrub na Afirka ko karamin itace a cikin iyalin Rhamnaceae . An fi sani da '''gesho''', masanin ilimin tsire-tsire na Faransa Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle ne ya fara bayyana shi a kimiyya a cikin shekara ta 1789.

== Bayyanawa ==
''Rhamnus prinoides'' yana faruwa daga [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Eritrea]], da [[Kenya]] zuwa [[Afirka ta Kudu]] a matsakaici zuwa tsawo. Suna girma a kusa da rafi ko a gefen gandun daji. Ƙananan 'ya'yan itace masu cin abinci suna da ja mai haske da kuma 'ya'ya.&lt;ref&gt;Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI); IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2020). &quot;Rhamnus prinoides&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T146405653A146444001. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T146405653A146444001.en. Retrieved 3 April 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amfani da shi ==
Tsire-tsire na ''Rhamnus prinoides'' yana da amfani da yawa tsakanin mazaunan Afirka. Ana girbe dukkan sassan shuka kuma ana amfani da su don abinci mai gina jiki, magani ko dalilai na addini. 

A [[Itofiya|Habasha]] da [[Eritrea]], inda aka san shuka da ''gesho'' ko ''gešo'',  ana amfani da shi ta hanyar da ta yi kama da hops. Ana tafasa rassan kuma an haɗa shi da zuma don yin ferment a mice da ake kira ''tej'' a Amharic da Tigrinya.

Hakanan ana amfani dashi a cikin giya na Talla (''Saiwa'' a Tigrinya), giya na Habasha da Eritrea.  Wannan abin sha na gida an yi shi ne daga gesho a matsayin babban sinadarin. Ana rarraba ganyen Gesho kuma ana buga su da tururi da pestle a cikin gari. Ana shirya malt na sha'ir kuma a raba shi kuma a niƙa shi. Wadannan sinadaran biyu sun haɗu, a cikin rabo wanda ya bambanta daga mai yin zuwa mai yin, kuma an fermented 3 zuwa 5 days a matsakaici. Finger millet (ko sorghum da garin masara a yankin) ana yin burodi, kuma a ƙarshe an haɗa su da maganin fermented. Bayan kwanaki 1-2 na fermentation, za'a iya tace ''Talla'' kuma a cinye shi a cikin abin sha da ake kira ''{{Not a typo|guesh}}'' ({{Lang|ti|tsiray}} a Tigrinya). A tsakiyar Kenya an san shuka da &quot;Mûkarakinga&quot; kuma an yi imanin cewa magani ne. Ana yanka yumbu na shuka, a tafasa sannan a kara shi a cikin miya.

== Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ==

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    <title>Gored gored</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346552968|Gored gored]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Gored gored''' ( Amharic     ;  ), ( [[Harshen Oromo|Oromo]] : gurguddaa) abincin naman sa ne da aka ci a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Yayin da kitfo naman sa ne da aka niƙa a cikin kayan ƙanshi da niter kibbeh (man shanu mai haske), ana yanka ''gored gored'' a yanka a bar shi ba tare da an yi masa ruwan ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=EthioNetworks.com |title=Ethiopian Gored Gored |url=http://www.ethiopianrestaurant.com/dishes/gored_gored.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729132732/http://www.ethiopianrestaurant.com/dishes/gored_gored.html |archive-date=2012-07-29 |access-date=2011-12-13 |publisher=Ethiopianrestaurant.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamar kitfo, yana da shahara sosai kuma ana ɗaukarsa abinci na ƙasa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=KimHo |title=Axum Ethiopian Restaurant &amp;#124; I'm Only Here for the Food! |url=http://imonlyhereforthefood.com/2010/02/axum-ethiopian-restaurant |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218065733/http://imonlyhereforthefood.com/2010/02/axum-ethiopian-restaurant/ |archive-date=2010-02-18 |access-date=2011-12-13 |publisher=Imonlyhereforthefood.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sau da yawa ana ba shi da mitmita (hadin kayan ƙanshi) da awaze (abincin ƙanshi mai yaji). 

Kodayake wani lokacin ana kwatanta abincin da Kitsfo, ana shirya gored gored tare da cubed maimakon nama mai yanka kuma an dafa shi da Berber da jira amma ba a marinated ba. Ana ba da shi akai-akai tare da gurasar [[injera]], awaze chili sauce, da lemun tsami.

Yawancin lokaci, ana barin kitse a kan nama kuma a ci shi tare da shi. Gored gored za a iya ba da shi azaman abinci mai zaman kansa ko a hade tare da sinadaran da aka ambata a sama, amma kuma ana iya haɗa shi a cikin babban abincin dare, musamman a lokacin bukukuwa da bukukuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gored gored {{!}} Traditional Beef Dish From Ethiopia {{!}} TasteAtlas |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/gored-gored |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=www.tasteatlas.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Abincin Habasha
* [[Abincin Eritrea]]
* Jerin abincin Afirka
* Karamin nama

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Gored gored''' ( Amharic     ;  ), ( [[Harshen Oromo|Oromo]] : gurguddaa) abincin naman sa ne da aka ci a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Yayin da kitfo naman sa ne da aka niƙa a cikin kayan ƙanshi da niter kibbeh (man shanu mai haske), ana yanka ''gored gored'' a yanka a bar shi ba tare da an yi masa ruwan ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=EthioNetworks.com |title=Ethiopian Gored Gored |url=http://www.ethiopianrestaurant.com/dishes/gored_gored.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729132732/http://www.ethiopianrestaurant.com/dishes/gored_gored.html |archive-date=2012-07-29 |access-date=2011-12-13 |publisher=Ethiopianrestaurant.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamar kitfo, yana da shahara sosai kuma ana ɗaukarsa abinci na ƙasa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=KimHo |title=Axum Ethiopian Restaurant &amp;#124; I'm Only Here for the Food! |url=http://imonlyhereforthefood.com/2010/02/axum-ethiopian-restaurant |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218065733/http://imonlyhereforthefood.com/2010/02/axum-ethiopian-restaurant/ |archive-date=2010-02-18 |access-date=2011-12-13 |publisher=Imonlyhereforthefood.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sau da yawa ana ba shi da mitmita (hadin kayan ƙanshi) da awaze (abincin ƙanshi mai yaji). 

Kodayake wani lokacin ana kwatanta abincin da Kitsfo, ana shirya gored gored tare da cubed maimakon nama mai yanka kuma an dafa shi da Berber da jira amma ba a marinated ba. Ana ba da shi akai-akai tare da gurasar [[injera]], awaze chili sauce, da lemun tsami.

Yawancin lokaci, ana barin kitse a kan nama kuma a ci shi tare da shi. Gored gored za a iya ba da shi azaman abinci mai zaman kansa ko a hade tare da sinadaran da aka ambata a sama, amma kuma ana iya haɗa shi a cikin babban abincin dare, musamman a lokacin bukukuwa da bukukuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gored gored {{!}} Traditional Beef Dish From Ethiopia {{!}} TasteAtlas |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/gored-gored |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=www.tasteatlas.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Abincin Habasha
* [[Abincin Eritrea]]
* Jerin abincin Afirka
* Karamin nama

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Abyssinica Guizotia</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336186990|Guizotia abyssinica]]&quot;</comment>
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Guizotia abyssinica tsayi ne, mai tsayi, reshe na [[Shuka na Shekara-Shekara|shekara-shekara]], wanda aka shuka don man da tsaba. An samo asali ne a tsaunukan [[Eritrea]] da [[Itofiya|Habasha]], kuma ya bazu zuwa wasu sassan Habasha. Sunayen da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da noog /nug (Ethio-Semitic da Eritrea ኑግ ''nūg'' ko ኒህዩግ ''nihyug''); '''ramtil''' ko '''ramtilla'''; '''niger''' ko nyger seed (duk ana kiranta /ˈnaɪdʒər/, NY-jər);&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mid-michigan |first=Wild Birds Unlimited |date=10 October 2016 |title=How to pronounce Nyjer® |url=http://lansingwbu.blogspot.com/2016/10/how-to-pronounce-nyjer.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 November 2011 |title=When did Niger become Nyjer? |url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2011/11/30/winegar |website=www.mprnews.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; inga seed; da blackseed. An bayyana Noug a matsayin amfanin gona mai laushi, wanda ba ya dace da kansa tare da kawunan furanni masu launin rawaya da tsaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dempewolf |first=Hannes |last2=Kane |first2=Nolan C. |last3=Ostevik |first3=Katherine L. |last4=Geleta |first4=Mulatu |last5=Barker |first5=Michael S. |last6=Lai |first6=Zhao |last7=Stewart |first7=Megan L. |last8=Bekele |first8=Endashaw |last9=Engels |first9=Johannes M. M. |last10=Cronk |first10=Quentin C. B. |last11=Rieseberg |first11=Loren H. |date=November 2010 |title=Establishing genomic tools and resources for Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.-the development of a library of expressed sequence tags, microsatellite loci, and the sequencing of its chloroplast genome: PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES ARTICLE |journal=Molecular Ecology Resources |language=en |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=1048–1058 |doi=10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02859.x |pmid=21565115 |s2cid=28931341 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nazarin da aka yi kwanan nan ya bayyana bambancin kwayoyin halitta na wasu al'ummomin noug da suka girma a Habasha bisa ga alamun RAPD da AFLP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Geleta |first=Mulatu |last2=Bryngelsson |first2=Tomas |last3=Bekele |first3=Endashaw |last4=Dagne |first4=Kifle |date=2007-05-03 |title=Genetic diversity of Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass. (Asteraceae) from Ethiopia as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10722-006-0018-0 |journal=Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution |language=en |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=601–614 |bibcode=2007GRCEv..54..601G |doi=10.1007/s10722-006-0018-0 |issn=0925-9864 |s2cid=29426035 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'Yan asalin [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Eritrea]] da [[Malawi]], ana kuma shuka tsaba a [[Indiya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerseed: Specialty Grain Opportunity for Midwestern US |url=https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/ncnu02/v5-174.html |website=hort.purdue.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsuntsayen Nijar suna kama da tsaba na sunflower a siffar, amma sun fi karami da girma da baƙar fata. Yana ɗauke da ƙuƙwalwar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta [[mai]] ƙyama kuma ana iya adana shi har zuwa shekara guda ba tare da lalacewa ba. Shuka na Nijar ya ƙunshi sunadarai, mai da [[sukari]] mai narkewa. Ana amfani da tsaba na Nijar a matsayin abincin tsuntsaye a duk duniya. Ana shuka iri na niger na kasuwanci a Afirka, Indiya da sauran yankuna na kudu maso gabashin Asiya, kuma ana shigo da iri a duniya a matsayin sanannen nau'in tsuntsaye. Kafin a shigo da shi, duk da haka, ana lalata iri mai kyau ta hanyar zafi mai tsanani don hana tsirowar duk wani ƙarin iri wanda zai iya zama wani ɓangare na cakuda. Iri mai laushi da aka yi masa magani na iya tsiro amma yawanci za a rage shi, yana iyakance yaduwarsa kuma yana ba da ƙasa da barazana ga tsire-tsire na asali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=What Is Thistle Seed, Really? - Nyjer for Finches |url=https://www.thespruce.com/nyger-seeds-for-finches-386574 |website=The Spruce}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shuka ==
Bukatar ruwan sama mai matsakaici tsakanin 1,000 zuwa 1,250 millimeters (39 zuwa 49 in) a kowace shekara, niger iri yana buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi don girma yadda ya kamata. Ya kamata a shuka Nijar  ƙasa mai baƙar fata ko launin ruwan kasa mai zurfi tare da isasshen zurfi amma kuma ana iya shuka shi a kan ƙasa mai nauyi mai zurfi ko ƙasa mai duwatsu. Zai iya girma a cikin inuwa ko cikakken rana. Samun tsaba zai zama matsakaicin kilo 300-400 a kowace hekta (270-360 lb / ) a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau amma zai iya samar da kilo 600 a kowace hekita (540 lb / acres). Yana ba da amfanin gona mai dogaro ko da a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi mara kyau.

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'''Guizotia abyssinica''' tsayi ne, mai tsayi, reshe na [[Shuka na Shekara-Shekara|shekara-shekara]], wanda aka shuka don man da tsaba. An samo asali ne a tsaunukan [[Eritrea]] da [[Itofiya|Habasha]], kuma ya bazu zuwa wasu sassan Habasha. Sunayen da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da noog /nug (Ethio-Semitic da Eritrea ኑግ ''nūg'' ko ኒህዩግ ''nihyug''); '''ramtil''' ko '''ramtilla'''; '''niger''' ko nyger seed (duk ana kiranta /ˈnaɪdʒər/, NY-jər);&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mid-michigan |first=Wild Birds Unlimited |date=10 October 2016 |title=How to pronounce Nyjer® |url=http://lansingwbu.blogspot.com/2016/10/how-to-pronounce-nyjer.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 November 2011 |title=When did Niger become Nyjer? |url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2011/11/30/winegar |website=www.mprnews.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; inga seed; da blackseed. An bayyana Noug a matsayin amfanin gona mai laushi, wanda ba ya dace da kansa tare da kawunan furanni masu launin rawaya da tsaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dempewolf |first=Hannes |last2=Kane |first2=Nolan C. |last3=Ostevik |first3=Katherine L. |last4=Geleta |first4=Mulatu |last5=Barker |first5=Michael S. |last6=Lai |first6=Zhao |last7=Stewart |first7=Megan L. |last8=Bekele |first8=Endashaw |last9=Engels |first9=Johannes M. M. |last10=Cronk |first10=Quentin C. B. |last11=Rieseberg |first11=Loren H. |date=November 2010 |title=Establishing genomic tools and resources for Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.-the development of a library of expressed sequence tags, microsatellite loci, and the sequencing of its chloroplast genome: PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES ARTICLE |journal=Molecular Ecology Resources |language=en |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=1048–1058 |doi=10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02859.x |pmid=21565115 |s2cid=28931341 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nazarin da aka yi kwanan nan ya bayyana bambancin kwayoyin halitta na wasu al'ummomin noug da suka girma a Habasha bisa ga alamun RAPD da AFLP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Geleta |first=Mulatu |last2=Bryngelsson |first2=Tomas |last3=Bekele |first3=Endashaw |last4=Dagne |first4=Kifle |date=2007-05-03 |title=Genetic diversity of Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass. (Asteraceae) from Ethiopia as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10722-006-0018-0 |journal=Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution |language=en |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=601–614 |bibcode=2007GRCEv..54..601G |doi=10.1007/s10722-006-0018-0 |issn=0925-9864 |s2cid=29426035 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'Yan asalin [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Eritrea]] da [[Malawi]], ana kuma shuka tsaba a [[Indiya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerseed: Specialty Grain Opportunity for Midwestern US |url=https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/ncnu02/v5-174.html |website=hort.purdue.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsuntsayen Nijar suna kama da tsaba na sunflower a siffar, amma sun fi karami da girma da baƙar fata. Yana ɗauke da ƙuƙwalwar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta [[mai]] ƙyama kuma ana iya adana shi har zuwa shekara guda ba tare da lalacewa ba. Shuka na Nijar ya ƙunshi sunadarai, mai da [[sukari]] mai narkewa. Ana amfani da tsaba na Nijar a matsayin abincin tsuntsaye a duk duniya. Ana shuka iri na niger na kasuwanci a Afirka, Indiya da sauran yankuna na kudu maso gabashin Asiya, kuma ana shigo da iri a duniya a matsayin sanannen nau'in tsuntsaye. Kafin a shigo da shi, duk da haka, ana lalata iri mai kyau ta hanyar zafi mai tsanani don hana tsirowar duk wani ƙarin iri wanda zai iya zama wani ɓangare na cakuda. Iri mai laushi da aka yi masa magani na iya tsiro amma yawanci za a rage shi, yana iyakance yaduwarsa kuma yana ba da ƙasa da barazana ga tsire-tsire na asali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=What Is Thistle Seed, Really? - Nyjer for Finches |url=https://www.thespruce.com/nyger-seeds-for-finches-386574 |website=The Spruce}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shuka ==
Bukatar ruwan sama mai matsakaici tsakanin 1,000 zuwa 1,250 millimeters (39 zuwa 49 in) a kowace shekara, niger iri yana buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi don girma yadda ya kamata. Ya kamata a shuka Nijar  ƙasa mai baƙar fata ko launin ruwan kasa mai zurfi tare da isasshen zurfi amma kuma ana iya shuka shi a kan ƙasa mai nauyi mai zurfi ko ƙasa mai duwatsu. Zai iya girma a cikin inuwa ko cikakken rana. Samun tsaba zai zama matsakaicin kilo 300-400 a kowace hekta (270-360 lb / ) a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau amma zai iya samar da kilo 600 a kowace hekita (540 lb / acres). Yana ba da amfanin gona mai dogaro ko da a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi mara kyau.

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