Wikipedia hifwiki https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahila_Panna MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.22 first-letter saadhan khaas baat sadasya sadasya ke baat Wikipedia Wikipedia baat file file ke baat MediaWiki MediaWiki ke baat Template Template ke baat madat madat ke baat vibhag voibhag ke baat TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2764 333910 330876 2026-04-03T02:17:49Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 333910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country | fullcountryname=Republic of Mali<br /> مالي | image_flag = Flag of Mali.svg | image_coa =Coat of arms of Mali.svg | image_location = LocationMali.svg | C = "Un peuple, un but, une foi"<br /><small>"One people, one goal, one faith"</small> | nationalsong = ''Pour l'Afrique et pour toi, Mali''<br /><small>"For Africa and for you, Mali"</small> | officiallanguages = [[French bhasa|French]] | populationtotal = 17,885,245 | populationrank = 63 | populationdensity = 14 | countrycapital = [[Bamako]] | countrylargestcity = [[Bamako]] | areatotal = 1,240,192 km² | arearank = 24 | areawater = | areawaterpercent = 1.6% | establishedin = [[22 September]] [[1960]] | leadertitlename = President: :Assimi Goïta Prime Minister:Choguel Kokalla Maïga : | currency = CFA franc | utcoffset = | dialingcode = 223 | internettld = .ml }} '''Mali''' ({{nq| مالي}}), west [[Africa]] ke ek [[des]] hae. Ii Africa ke 7th sab se barraa des hae. Isske parrosi des [[Algeria]], [[Niger]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Guinea]], [[Senegal]] aur [[Mauritania]] hae. Mali ke north me [[Sahara Desert]] hae. [[Niger Naddi]] aur [[Sénégal Naddi]] Mali ke south me hae. Mali ke population 17,885,245 hae (2017), jismese Bambara language.jaada log des ke south me rahe hae. Mali ke purana naam French Sudan rahoo. Iske [[capital]] [[city]] [[Bamako]] hae , jiske matlab. "crocodile swamp" hae.<ref>Told to Use Port in Ivory Coast -- Move Is Aimed at Dakar's Trade] New York Times - September 3, 1960</ref> == References == {{reflist}} == Duusra websites == === Government === * [http://www.maliembassy.us/ The Embassy of Mali in Washington DC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202213512/http://www.maliembassy.us/ |date=2021-12-02 }} Government information and links === News === * [http://www.afribone.com Afribone] * [http://allafrica.com/mali/ AllAfrica.com - ''Mali''] News headlines * [http://www.africatime.com/Mali/index.asp Africatime - ''Mali''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014000802/http://www.africatime.com/Mali/index.asp |date=2007-10-14 }} * [http://www.maliweb.net/ Maliweb] === Overviews === * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1021454.stm BBC News Country Profile - ''Mali''] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ml.html CIA World Factbook - ''Mali''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110042640/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ml.html |date=2015-11-10 }} * [http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/0/897ce24a48d43c82802565f700407640?Opendocument United Nations Human Rights - ''Mali''] Dating from 1997 * [http://www.malifolkecenter.org/lowersection/mali-context.html Mali Folkecenter - ''Mali''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614160241/http://www.malifolkecenter.org/lowersection/mali-context.html |date=2006-06-14 }} From an organisation which wants to manage natural resources well === Directories === * [http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Mali/ Open Directory Project - ''Mali''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050925084143/http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Mali/ |date=2005-09-25 }} Directory category * [http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/mali.html Stanford University - Africa South of the Sahara: ''Mali''] Directory category * [http://www.afrika.no/index/Countries/Mali/ The Index on Africa - ''Mali''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040831080341/http://www.afrika.no/index/Countries/Mali/ |date=2004-08-31 }} Directory category * [http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/Mali.html University of Pennsylvania - African Studies Center: ''Mali''] Directory category * [http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Mali/ Yahoo! - ''Mali''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051220053132/http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Mali |date=2005-12-20 }} Directory category * [http://www.malipages.com Companies directory - ''Mali''] Directory category === Literature === * [http://www.arts.uwa.edu.au/AFLIT/CountryMaliEN.html#clien Malian literature at a glance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118165129/http://www.arts.uwa.edu.au/AFLIT/CountryMaliEN.html#clien |date=2006-11-18 }} * [http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_MLI.html UNDP Human Development Report 2006 - Mali] === Tourism === * [http://www.officetourisme-mali.com/ Official tourism site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919092105/http://www.officetourisme-mali.com/ |date=2008-09-19 }} * [http://www.wordtravels.com/Travelguide/Countries/Mali/ Mali travel guide] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090728084823/http://www.geocities.com/malitourism Local Mali Guide Services] * [http://www.budapestbamako.org/en Budapest-Bamako, Great African Run] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529130602/http://www.budapestbamako.org/en/ |date=2008-05-29 }} * [http://www.nigercurrents.ca Niger Currents: About life and technology along the Niger River] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616141219/http://nigercurrents.ca/ |date=2013-06-16 }} * [http://www.asmat.eu/html/fotografie_mali_e.html Mali photo gallery] * [http://www.photo-vinc.com/Galleries/people/Faces%20of%20Mali/slides.html Faces of Mali photo gallery]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110725205851/http://web.mac.com/dwb217/iWeb/WorldViewBender/Mali.html Pictures of Mali] [[Category:Mali| ]] [[Category:French bhasa waala des]] [[Category:African Union ke member]] [[Category:Dunia ke des]] m0rquk49d2056rs7qt6sur4hhyd9uao 0 3867 333918 331747 2026-04-03T10:56:15Z Sampaadak 1104 333918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Artist | bgcolour = #EEDD82 | name = Albrecht Dürer | image =Dürer_-_Selbstbildnis_im_Pelzrock_-_Alte_Pinakothek.jpg | imagesize = 280px | caption = ''Self-Portrait'' (1500) by Albrecht Dürer | birthdate = [[21 May]] [[1471]] | location = Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire | deathdate = [[6 April]] [[1528]] | deathplace = Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire | nationality = [[Germany|German]] | field = Printmaking, Painting | training = | movement = | works = ''Knight, Death, and the Devil'' (1513) ''Saint Jerome in his Study'' (1514) ''Melencolia I'' (1514) ''Dürer's Rhinoceros'' | patrons = | awards = }} '''Albrecht Dürer''' ([[21 May]] [[1471]] – [[6 April]] [[1528]]) <ref name="Mueller">Mueller, Peter O. (1993) ''Substantiv-Derivation in Den Schriften Albrecht Durers'', Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-012815-2.</ref> ek [[Germany]] ke chitrkaar, engraver aur [[mathematician]] rahaa. Uske janam Nuremberg, [[Germany]] me bhais rahaa. Uu jab 20s me rahaa tab uske naam [[Europe]] bhar me fael gais rahaa aur uske [[Renaissance]] ke time me Northern Europe ke sab se achchhaa artist maana jaawat rahaa. Uske kaam me Apocalypse woodcuts, Knight, Death, aur Devil (1513), Saint Jerome in his Study (1514) aur Melencolia I (1514) rahaa. Uske watercolours uske Europe ke pahila landscape artist banais, aur uske woodcuts, lakrri waala [[art]] ke jaana maana kar diis. == Chapa ke gallery == <div align=center> <gallery> Albrecht_Dürer_-_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Dürer_-_WGA07258.jpg|Dürer's ke aapan lakrri ke banaa coat of arms Durer-self-portrait-at-the-age-of-thirteen.jpg|silverpoint drawing, jiske Dürer, 1484 me banais rahaa jab uu 13 saal ke rahaa Albrecht-self.jpg|lbrecht Dürer ke ''Self-Portrait'' (1493) Durer Young Hare.jpg|''Young Hare'', 1502 Dürer Melancholia I.jpg|''Melencolia I'', 1514, Albrecht Dürer engraving Albrecht Duerer- Lamentation for Christ.JPG|''Lamentation for Christ'', oil, 1500–1503 Duerer-Prayer.jpg|''The Praying Hands'' Albrecht Dürer - Adam and Eve (Prado) 2.jpg|''Adam and Eve'', (1507). Dürer - Rhinoceros.jpg|''Dürer's Rhinoceros'', woodcut, 1515. File:St. Cristopher-Dürer.jpg|St. Christopher, engraving]], 1521 File:DBPB 1961 202 Albrecht Dürer.jpg|Dürer 1961 German stamp me Landscape with a Large Cannon MET MM7867.jpg|''The Cannon'', 1518 </gallery> </div> ==Jiwan kahaani== ===Bachpan ke din (1471–1490)=== [[File:Durer-self-portrait-at-the-age-of-thirteen.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|13 saal ke umar me, apne banaawa gais chhaapa, 1484, [[Albertina]], Vienna]] Dürer ke janam [[21 May]] [[1471]] me bhais rahaa. Uu Albrecht Dürer the Elder aur Barbara Holper ke tiisra larrka rahaa, jon 1467 me saadi kare rahin.<ref name="BPA11">Brand Philip & Anzelewsky (1978–79), 11.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Albrecht Dürer the Elder (pahile Albrecht Ajtósi) ek successful [[sonaar]] rahaa, jon 1455 talak Nuremberg chal diis rahaa, [[Ajtós]] se, jon [[Gyula (town)|Gyula]] in [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] ke nagiich hae.<ref name="heaton">{{Cite book|last=Heaton|first=Mrs. Charles|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofalbrechtdu00heat|title=The Life of Albrecht Dürer of Nürnberg: With a Translation of His Letters and Journal and an Account of His Works|publisher=Seeley, Jackson and Halliday|year=1881|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofalbrechtdu00heat/page/29 29], 31–32|author-link=Mary Margaret Heaton}}</ref> Uu Barbara se saadi karis, jon uske master ke larrki rahii, jab uu apne master banaa rahaa. <ref name=":0" /> Uske aurat ke maiyaa, Klinga Öllinger bhi Hungary ke rahii,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hungarianottomanwars.com/essays/albrecht-durer-1471-1528-and-hungary/ |title=Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) and Hungary |website=Hungarian-Ottoman Wars |date=4 May 2020 }}</ref> kaaheki uu [[Sopron]] me paida bhae rahii. Ii duuno ke 18 larrkan rahin, jisme se khaali tiin jindaa rahin. [[Hans Dürer]] (1490–1534), bhi ek chitrkaar banaa rahaa, buddhaa Albrecht ke niche parrhis rahaa. Ek bachaa bhaiyaa, Endres Dürer (1484–1555), aapan pitaji ke business le liis rahaa aur ek master goldsmith rahaa.<ref name="Br16">Brion (1960), 16.</ref> German naam "Dürer" Hungarian sabd, "Ajtósi" ke translation hae.<ref name="heaton"/> Pahule ii , it was "Türer", jiske matlab doormaker hae, jon "ajtós" hae Hungarian me ( "ajtó" se, jiske matlab palla hae). Ek palla palwaar ke [[coat-of-arms]] me hae. Albrecht Dürer the Younger baad me "Türer" ke badal diis rahaa, "Dürer" me, jisse ki uu local Nuremberg dialect ke kaam me laae.<ref name=":0">Bartrum, 93, n. 1.</ref> == References == <!-- ---------------------------------------------------------- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for a discussion of different citation methods and how to generate footnotes using the <ref>, </ref> and <reference /> tags ----------------------------------------------------------- --> {{reflist}} == Books/sources == * Giulia Bartrum (2002), ''Albrecht Dürer and his Legacy'', British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-2633-0 * Walter L. Strauss (Editor) (1973), ''The Complete Engravings, Etchings and Drypoints of Albrecht Durer'', Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-22851-7 — still in print in paperback. * Wilhelm Kurth (Editor) (2000), ''The Complete Woodcuts of Albrecht Durer'', Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-21097-9 — still in print in paperback. == Duusra websites == * [http://www.bodkinprints.co.uk/links.php Links to online museum images of all of Dürer's prints — see section B (nb: Not all Public Domain)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823091108/http://www.bodkinprints.co.uk/links.php |date=2016-08-23 }} * [http://www.all-art.org/durer/durer1-1.html Albrecht Durer in the "History of Art"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214210323/http://all-art.org/durer/durer1-1.html |date=2009-02-14 }} * http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/durer/ * [http://www.aiwaz.net/Albrecht-DÜRER/c5 Alternative Albrecht Durer] * [http://www.museen-sh.de/ml/digicult.php?digiID=200.6885331&s=2 Works by Albrecht Dürer] at Museumsportal Schleswig-Holstein * [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/durer_home.html Albrecht Dürer: ''Vier Bücher von menschlicher Proportion''] * [http://www.rarebookroom.org/Control/duruwm/index.html ''De Symmetria... and Underweysung der Messung''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219165416/http://rarebookroom.org/Control/duruwm/index.html |date=2010-12-19 }} 1538, from Rare Book Room. {{BD|1471|1528|Dürer, Albrecht}} [[Category:A]] [[Category:D]] [[Category:Engravers]] [[Category:Chitrkaar]] [[Category:Abhineta]] [[Category:Printmakers]] [[Category:Germany ke log]] t8o1l3iq1gbnz7viipxzy861b79cdgi 333920 333918 2026-04-03T11:33:14Z Sampaadak 1104 333920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Artist | bgcolour = #EEDD82 | name = Albrecht Dürer | image =Dürer_-_Selbstbildnis_im_Pelzrock_-_Alte_Pinakothek.jpg | imagesize = 280px | caption = ''Self-Portrait'' (1500) by Albrecht Dürer | birthdate = [[21 May]] [[1471]] | location = Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire | deathdate = [[6 April]] [[1528]] | deathplace = Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire | nationality = [[Germany|German]] | field = Printmaking, Painting | training = | movement = | works = ''Knight, Death, and the Devil'' (1513) ''Saint Jerome in his Study'' (1514) ''Melencolia I'' (1514) ''Dürer's Rhinoceros'' | patrons = | awards = }} '''Albrecht Dürer''' ([[21 May]] [[1471]] – [[6 April]] [[1528]]) <ref name="Mueller">Mueller, Peter O. (1993) ''Substantiv-Derivation in Den Schriften Albrecht Durers'', Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-012815-2.</ref> ek [[Germany]] ke chitrkaar, engraver aur [[mathematician]] rahaa. Uske janam Nuremberg, [[Germany]] me bhais rahaa. Uu jab 20s me rahaa tab uske naam [[Europe]] bhar me fael gais rahaa aur uske [[Renaissance]] ke time me Northern Europe ke sab se achchhaa artist maana jaawat rahaa. Uske kaam me Apocalypse woodcuts, Knight, Death, aur Devil (1513), Saint Jerome in his Study (1514) aur Melencolia I (1514) rahaa. Uske watercolours uske Europe ke pahila landscape artist banais, aur uske woodcuts, lakrri waala [[art]] ke jaana maana kar diis. == Chapa ke gallery == <div align=center> <gallery> Albrecht_Dürer_-_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Dürer_-_WGA07258.jpg|Dürer's ke aapan lakrri ke banaa coat of arms Durer-self-portrait-at-the-age-of-thirteen.jpg|silverpoint drawing, jiske Dürer, 1484 me banais rahaa jab uu 13 saal ke rahaa Albrecht-self.jpg|lbrecht Dürer ke ''Self-Portrait'' (1493) Durer Young Hare.jpg|''Young Hare'', 1502 Dürer Melancholia I.jpg|''Melencolia I'', 1514, Albrecht Dürer engraving Albrecht Duerer- Lamentation for Christ.JPG|''Lamentation for Christ'', oil, 1500–1503 Duerer-Prayer.jpg|''The Praying Hands'' Albrecht Dürer - Adam and Eve (Prado) 2.jpg|''Adam and Eve'', (1507). Dürer - Rhinoceros.jpg|''Dürer's Rhinoceros'', woodcut, 1515. File:St. Cristopher-Dürer.jpg|St. Christopher, engraving]], 1521 File:DBPB 1961 202 Albrecht Dürer.jpg|Dürer 1961 German stamp me Landscape with a Large Cannon MET MM7867.jpg|''The Cannon'', 1518 </gallery> </div> ==Jiwan kahaani== ===Bachpan ke din (1471–1490)=== [[File:Durer-self-portrait-at-the-age-of-thirteen.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|13 saal ke umar me, apne banaawa gais chhaapa, 1484, [[Albertina]], Vienna]] Dürer ke janam [[21 May]] [[1471]] me bhais rahaa. Uu Albrecht Dürer the Elder aur Barbara Holper ke tiisra larrka rahaa, jon 1467 me saadi kare rahin.<ref name="BPA11">Brand Philip & Anzelewsky (1978–79), 11.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Albrecht Dürer the Elder (pahile Albrecht Ajtósi) ek successful [[sonaar]] rahaa, jon 1455 talak Nuremberg chal diis rahaa, [[Ajtós]] se, jon [[Gyula (town)|Gyula]] in [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] ke nagiich hae.<ref name="heaton">{{Cite book|last=Heaton|first=Mrs. Charles|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofalbrechtdu00heat|title=The Life of Albrecht Dürer of Nürnberg: With a Translation of His Letters and Journal and an Account of His Works|publisher=Seeley, Jackson and Halliday|year=1881|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofalbrechtdu00heat/page/29 29], 31–32|author-link=Mary Margaret Heaton}}</ref> Uu Barbara se saadi karis, jon uske master ke larrki rahii, jab uu apne master banaa rahaa. <ref name=":0" /> Uske aurat ke maiyaa, Klinga Öllinger bhi Hungary ke rahii,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hungarianottomanwars.com/essays/albrecht-durer-1471-1528-and-hungary/ |title=Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) and Hungary |website=Hungarian-Ottoman Wars |date=4 May 2020 }}</ref> kaaheki uu [[Sopron]] me paida bhae rahii. Ii duuno ke 18 larrkan rahin, jisme se khaali tiin jindaa rahin. [[Hans Dürer]] (1490–1534), bhi ek chitrkaar banaa rahaa, buddhaa Albrecht ke niche parrhis rahaa. Ek bachaa bhaiyaa, Endres Dürer (1484–1555), aapan pitaji ke business le liis rahaa aur ek master goldsmith rahaa.<ref name="Br16">Brion (1960), 16.</ref> German naam "Dürer" Hungarian sabd, "Ajtósi" ke translation hae.<ref name="heaton"/> Pahule ii , it was "Türer", jiske matlab doormaker hae, jon "ajtós" hae Hungarian me ( "ajtó" se, jiske matlab palla hae). Ek palla palwaar ke [[coat-of-arms]] me hae. Albrecht Dürer the Younger baad me "Türer" ke badal diis rahaa, "Dürer" me, jisse ki uu local Nuremberg dialect ke kaam me laae.<ref name=":0">Bartrum, 93, n. 1.</ref> Kaaheki Dürer aapan baare me mid-twenties me likis rahaa, uske jindagi ke baare me achchhaa se jaana jaawe hae. Kuchh sall ke school ke baad, Dürer goldsmithing ke basics ke baare me aurdrawing, aapan pitaji se sikhis rahaa. Jab ki uske pitaji maangat rahaa ki uu aapan sonaar ke training karte rahe, uu drawing me achchhaa talent dekhais rahaa uske [[Michael Wolgemut]] ke saathe apprentiship , 15 saal ke umar me, 1486 me suruu karis.<ref name="BPA10">Brand Philip & Anzelewsky (1978–79), 10.</ref> Uske ek pane ke banaawa gias chhaapa, [[silverpoint]] me, jiske taarik 1484 hae ([[Albertina, Vienna]]) "when I was a child", jaise uske baad ke inscription dekhae hae. Ii chhaapa, sab se puraana larrkan ke drawing hae, jon abhi talak hae , aur kaaheki, as Dürer's Opus One, has helped define his oeuvre as deriving from, and always linked to, himself.<ref name="Koerner">[[Joseph Koerner]], ''The Moment of Self-Portraiture in Renaissance Art'', University of Chicago Press, 1993.^{page missing.}</ref> Wolgemut, uutime Nuremberg me ek leading chitrkaar rahaa, jiske ek barra workshop rahaa, jon dher rakam ke artwork banaawat rahaa, khaas kar ke particular woodcuts for books me. Nuremberg uutime ek important aur prosperous city rahaa, a centre for publishing and many luxury trades. Iske tagrraa link [[Italy]], khaas kar ke [[Venice]], jon khaali thorraa duur rahaa [[Alps]] ke uppar se.<ref name="Bartrum"/> Dürer ke godfather, [[Anton Koberger]] goldsmithing ke chhorr ke ek printer aur publisher Dürer ke janam ke saal me banaa rahaa. Uu Germany ke sab se jaada successful publisher banaa rahaa jon twenty-four [[printing-press]]es ke own karat rahaa aur dher offices Germany aur duusra des me rahaa. Koberger ke sab jaada famous publication rahaa ''[[Nuremberg Chronicle]]'', jiske 1493 me German aur [[Latin]] me publish karaa gais rahaa. Isme 1,809 [[woodcut]] illustrations (albeit with many repeated uses of the same block) Wolgemut workshop se rahaa. Dürer saait isme se ek me kaam karis rahaa, kaaheki ii project pe kaam suruu bhais rahaa jab uu Wolgemut ke saathe rahaa.<ref name="Bartrum">[[Giulia Bartrum]], ''Albrecht Dürer and his Legacy'', British Museum Press, 2002, {{ISBN|0-7141-2633-0}}.^{Page missing.}</ref> ===''Wanderjahre'' and marriage (1490–1494)=== [[File:Albrecht-self.jpg|thumb|left|The earliest painted ''[[Portrait of the Artist Holding a Thistle (Albrecht Dürer)|Self-Portrait (Holding a Thistle)]]'', 1493, oil, originally on [[vellum]], [[Louvre]], Paris]] == References == <!-- ---------------------------------------------------------- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for a discussion of different citation methods and how to generate footnotes using the <ref>, </ref> and <reference /> tags ----------------------------------------------------------- --> {{reflist}} == Books/sources == * Giulia Bartrum (2002), ''Albrecht Dürer and his Legacy'', British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-2633-0 * Walter L. Strauss (Editor) (1973), ''The Complete Engravings, Etchings and Drypoints of Albrecht Durer'', Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-22851-7 — still in print in paperback. * Wilhelm Kurth (Editor) (2000), ''The Complete Woodcuts of Albrecht Durer'', Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-21097-9 — still in print in paperback. == Duusra websites == * [http://www.bodkinprints.co.uk/links.php Links to online museum images of all of Dürer's prints — see section B (nb: Not all Public Domain)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823091108/http://www.bodkinprints.co.uk/links.php |date=2016-08-23 }} * [http://www.all-art.org/durer/durer1-1.html Albrecht Durer in the "History of Art"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214210323/http://all-art.org/durer/durer1-1.html |date=2009-02-14 }} * http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/durer/ * [http://www.aiwaz.net/Albrecht-DÜRER/c5 Alternative Albrecht Durer] * [http://www.museen-sh.de/ml/digicult.php?digiID=200.6885331&s=2 Works by Albrecht Dürer] at Museumsportal Schleswig-Holstein * [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/durer_home.html Albrecht Dürer: ''Vier Bücher von menschlicher Proportion''] * [http://www.rarebookroom.org/Control/duruwm/index.html ''De Symmetria... and Underweysung der Messung''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219165416/http://rarebookroom.org/Control/duruwm/index.html |date=2010-12-19 }} 1538, from Rare Book Room. {{BD|1471|1528|Dürer, Albrecht}} [[Category:A]] [[Category:D]] [[Category:Engravers]] [[Category:Chitrkaar]] [[Category:Abhineta]] [[Category:Printmakers]] [[Category:Germany ke log]] 224g8ees4955tfolvoyz5amobna6aok 333921 333920 2026-04-03T11:57:06Z Sampaadak 1104 333921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Artist | bgcolour = #EEDD82 | name = Albrecht Dürer | image =Dürer_-_Selbstbildnis_im_Pelzrock_-_Alte_Pinakothek.jpg | imagesize = 280px | caption = ''Self-Portrait'' (1500) by Albrecht Dürer | birthdate = [[21 May]] [[1471]] | location = Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire | deathdate = [[6 April]] [[1528]] | deathplace = Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire | nationality = [[Germany|German]] | field = Printmaking, Painting | training = | movement = | works = ''Knight, Death, and the Devil'' (1513) ''Saint Jerome in his Study'' (1514) ''Melencolia I'' (1514) ''Dürer's Rhinoceros'' | patrons = | awards = }} '''Albrecht Dürer''' ([[21 May]] [[1471]] – [[6 April]] [[1528]]) <ref name="Mueller">Mueller, Peter O. (1993) ''Substantiv-Derivation in Den Schriften Albrecht Durers'', Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-012815-2.</ref> ek [[Germany]] ke chitrkaar, engraver aur [[mathematician]] rahaa. Uske janam Nuremberg, [[Germany]] me bhais rahaa. Uu jab 20s me rahaa tab uske naam [[Europe]] bhar me fael gais rahaa aur uske [[Renaissance]] ke time me Northern Europe ke sab se achchhaa artist maana jaawat rahaa. Uske kaam me Apocalypse woodcuts, Knight, Death, aur Devil (1513), Saint Jerome in his Study (1514) aur Melencolia I (1514) rahaa. Uske watercolours uske Europe ke pahila landscape artist banais, aur uske woodcuts, lakrri waala [[art]] ke jaana maana kar diis. == Chapa ke gallery == <div align=center> <gallery> Albrecht_Dürer_-_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Dürer_-_WGA07258.jpg|Dürer's ke aapan lakrri ke banaa coat of arms Durer-self-portrait-at-the-age-of-thirteen.jpg|silverpoint drawing, jiske Dürer, 1484 me banais rahaa jab uu 13 saal ke rahaa Albrecht-self.jpg|lbrecht Dürer ke ''Self-Portrait'' (1493) Durer Young Hare.jpg|''Young Hare'', 1502 Dürer Melancholia I.jpg|''Melencolia I'', 1514, Albrecht Dürer engraving Albrecht Duerer- Lamentation for Christ.JPG|''Lamentation for Christ'', oil, 1500–1503 Duerer-Prayer.jpg|''The Praying Hands'' Albrecht Dürer - Adam and Eve (Prado) 2.jpg|''Adam and Eve'', (1507). Dürer - Rhinoceros.jpg|''Dürer's Rhinoceros'', woodcut, 1515. File:St. Cristopher-Dürer.jpg|St. Christopher, engraving]], 1521 File:DBPB 1961 202 Albrecht Dürer.jpg|Dürer 1961 German stamp me Landscape with a Large Cannon MET MM7867.jpg|''The Cannon'', 1518 </gallery> </div> ==Jiwan kahaani== ===Bachpan ke din (1471–1490)=== [[File:Durer-self-portrait-at-the-age-of-thirteen.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|13 saal ke umar me, apne banaawa gais chhaapa, 1484, [[Albertina]], Vienna]] Dürer ke janam [[21 May]] [[1471]] me bhais rahaa. Uu Albrecht Dürer the Elder aur Barbara Holper ke tiisra larrka rahaa, jon 1467 me saadi kare rahin.<ref name="BPA11">Brand Philip & Anzelewsky (1978–79), 11.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Albrecht Dürer the Elder (pahile Albrecht Ajtósi) ek successful [[sonaar]] rahaa, jon 1455 talak Nuremberg chal diis rahaa, [[Ajtós]] se, jon [[Gyula (town)|Gyula]] in [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] ke nagiich hae.<ref name="heaton">{{Cite book|last=Heaton|first=Mrs. Charles|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofalbrechtdu00heat|title=The Life of Albrecht Dürer of Nürnberg: With a Translation of His Letters and Journal and an Account of His Works|publisher=Seeley, Jackson and Halliday|year=1881|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofalbrechtdu00heat/page/29 29], 31–32|author-link=Mary Margaret Heaton}}</ref> Uu Barbara se saadi karis, jon uske master ke larrki rahii, jab uu apne master banaa rahaa. <ref name=":0" /> Uske aurat ke maiyaa, Klinga Öllinger bhi Hungary ke rahii,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hungarianottomanwars.com/essays/albrecht-durer-1471-1528-and-hungary/ |title=Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) and Hungary |website=Hungarian-Ottoman Wars |date=4 May 2020 }}</ref> kaaheki uu [[Sopron]] me paida bhae rahii. Ii duuno ke 18 larrkan rahin, jisme se khaali tiin jindaa rahin. [[Hans Dürer]] (1490–1534), bhi ek chitrkaar banaa rahaa, buddhaa Albrecht ke niche parrhis rahaa. Ek bachaa bhaiyaa, Endres Dürer (1484–1555), aapan pitaji ke business le liis rahaa aur ek master goldsmith rahaa.<ref name="Br16">Brion (1960), 16.</ref> German naam "Dürer" Hungarian sabd, "Ajtósi" ke translation hae.<ref name="heaton"/> Pahule ii , it was "Türer", jiske matlab doormaker hae, jon "ajtós" hae Hungarian me ( "ajtó" se, jiske matlab palla hae). Ek palla palwaar ke [[coat-of-arms]] me hae. Albrecht Dürer the Younger baad me "Türer" ke badal diis rahaa, "Dürer" me, jisse ki uu local Nuremberg dialect ke kaam me laae.<ref name=":0">Bartrum, 93, n. 1.</ref> Kaaheki Dürer aapan baare me mid-twenties me likis rahaa, uske jindagi ke baare me achchhaa se jaana jaawe hae. Kuchh sall ke school ke baad, Dürer goldsmithing ke basics ke baare me aurdrawing, aapan pitaji se sikhis rahaa. Jab ki uske pitaji maangat rahaa ki uu aapan sonaar ke training karte rahe, uu drawing me achchhaa talent dekhais rahaa uske [[Michael Wolgemut]] ke saathe apprentiship , 15 saal ke umar me, 1486 me suruu karis.<ref name="BPA10">Brand Philip & Anzelewsky (1978–79), 10.</ref> Uske ek pane ke banaawa gias chhaapa, [[silverpoint]] me, jiske taarik 1484 hae ([[Albertina, Vienna]]) "when I was a child", jaise uske baad ke inscription dekhae hae. Ii chhaapa, sab se puraana larrkan ke drawing hae, jon abhi talak hae , aur kaaheki, as Dürer's Opus One, has helped define his oeuvre as deriving from, and always linked to, himself.<ref name="Koerner">[[Joseph Koerner]], ''The Moment of Self-Portraiture in Renaissance Art'', University of Chicago Press, 1993.^{page missing.}</ref> Wolgemut, uutime Nuremberg me ek leading chitrkaar rahaa, jiske ek barra workshop rahaa, jon dher rakam ke artwork banaawat rahaa, khaas kar ke particular woodcuts for books me. Nuremberg uutime ek important aur prosperous city rahaa, a centre for publishing and many luxury trades. Iske tagrraa link [[Italy]], khaas kar ke [[Venice]], jon khaali thorraa duur rahaa [[Alps]] ke uppar se.<ref name="Bartrum"/> Dürer ke godfather, [[Anton Koberger]] goldsmithing ke chhorr ke ek printer aur publisher Dürer ke janam ke saal me banaa rahaa. Uu Germany ke sab se jaada successful publisher banaa rahaa jon twenty-four [[printing-press]]es ke own karat rahaa aur dher offices Germany aur duusra des me rahaa. Koberger ke sab jaada famous publication rahaa ''[[Nuremberg Chronicle]]'', jiske 1493 me German aur [[Latin]] me publish karaa gais rahaa. Isme 1,809 [[woodcut]] illustrations (albeit with many repeated uses of the same block) Wolgemut workshop se rahaa. Dürer saait isme se ek me kaam karis rahaa, kaaheki ii project pe kaam suruu bhais rahaa jab uu Wolgemut ke saathe rahaa.<ref name="Bartrum">[[Giulia Bartrum]], ''Albrecht Dürer and his Legacy'', British Museum Press, 2002, {{ISBN|0-7141-2633-0}}.^{Page missing.}</ref> ===''Wanderjahre'' and marriage (1490–1494)=== [[File:Albrecht-self.jpg|thumb|left|The earliest painted ''[[Portrait of the Artist Holding a Thistle (Albrecht Dürer)|Self-Portrait (Holding a Thistle)]]'', 1493, oil, originally on [[vellum]], [[Louvre]], Paris]] Aapan apprenticeship ke khalaas kare ke baad, Dürer common German custom of taking ''[[Wandering journeyman|Wanderjahre]]''—in effect [[gap year]]s—in which the apprentice learned skills from other masters, their local tradition and individual styles; Dürer lagbhag chaar saal duur rahaa. UU hian se 1490 me chhorris, saait [[Martin Schongauer]] ke niche kaam kare ke khaatir, jon Northern Europe ke leading engraver rahaa, lekin uu Dürer ke aae se pahile 1492 me mar gais rahaa. Ii nai jaana jaawe hae ki Dürer biich ke time kahaan gais rahaa, lekin ii likely hae ki uu [[Frankfurt]] aur [[Netherlands]] gais rahaa. Colmar me, Dürer ke Schongauer's bhaiyaa logan awagat kare rahin, Caspar aur Paul jon goldsmith rahin aur chitrkaar Ludwig. Wahii saal baad me , Dürer [[Basel]] gais rahaa Martin Schongauer ke ek aur bhaiyaa, goldsmith Georg, ke saathe rahe ke khaatir.{{refn|Here he produced a woodcut of [[St Jerome]] as a frontispiece for Nicholaus Kessler's ''Epistolare beati Hieronymi''. [[Erwin Panofsky]] argues that this print combined the "[[Ulm]]ian style" of Koberger's ''Lives of the Saints'' (1488) and that of Wolgemut's workshop. Panofsky (1945), 21.|group=n}} 1493 me, Dürer [[Strasbourg]] gais, jahan uu sculpture of [[Nikolaus Gerhaert]] ke experience karis rahaa. Dürer ke pahila painted self-portrait (now in the [[Louvre]]) ii time paunt karaa gais rahaa, saait aapan friends ke Nuremberg me, ke lage bheja jaae.<ref name="Bartrum"/> [[File:Dürer - Agnes Dürer (Mein Agnes), Albertina 3063.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Dürer' ke aapan aurat, Agnes Frey (″Mein Agnes") ke chhaapa, 1494, Albertina, Vienna]] == References == <!-- ---------------------------------------------------------- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for a discussion of different citation methods and how to generate footnotes using the <ref>, </ref> and <reference /> tags ----------------------------------------------------------- --> {{reflist}} == Books/sources == * Giulia Bartrum (2002), ''Albrecht Dürer and his Legacy'', British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-2633-0 * Walter L. Strauss (Editor) (1973), ''The Complete Engravings, Etchings and Drypoints of Albrecht Durer'', Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-22851-7 — still in print in paperback. * Wilhelm Kurth (Editor) (2000), ''The Complete Woodcuts of Albrecht Durer'', Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-21097-9 — still in print in paperback. == Duusra websites == * [http://www.bodkinprints.co.uk/links.php Links to online museum images of all of Dürer's prints — see section B (nb: Not all Public Domain)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823091108/http://www.bodkinprints.co.uk/links.php |date=2016-08-23 }} * [http://www.all-art.org/durer/durer1-1.html Albrecht Durer in the "History of Art"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214210323/http://all-art.org/durer/durer1-1.html |date=2009-02-14 }} * http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/durer/ * [http://www.aiwaz.net/Albrecht-DÜRER/c5 Alternative Albrecht Durer] * [http://www.museen-sh.de/ml/digicult.php?digiID=200.6885331&s=2 Works by Albrecht Dürer] at Museumsportal Schleswig-Holstein * [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/durer_home.html Albrecht Dürer: ''Vier Bücher von menschlicher Proportion''] * [http://www.rarebookroom.org/Control/duruwm/index.html ''De Symmetria... and Underweysung der Messung''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219165416/http://rarebookroom.org/Control/duruwm/index.html |date=2010-12-19 }} 1538, from Rare Book Room. {{BD|1471|1528|Dürer, Albrecht}} [[Category:A]] [[Category:D]] [[Category:Engravers]] [[Category:Chitrkaar]] [[Category:Abhineta]] [[Category:Printmakers]] [[Category:Germany ke log]] aenwns2tmzk7psocig0g1hlbws7pjoq 0 5057 333906 324066 2026-04-03T01:02:53Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 333906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Philosopher | region = Western Philosophy | era = 19th-century philosophy| color = #B0C4DE | image_name = Karl Marx_001.jpg| image_caption = Karl Marx| name = Karl Heinrich Marx | birth = May 5, 1818 <br /> Trier, Prussia | death = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1883|03|14|1818|05|05}} <br /> [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] | school_tradition = Marxism | main_interests = Politics, Economics, class struggle| influences = Kant, Epicurus, Hegel, Feuerbach, [[Max Stirner|Stirner]], Smith, Ricardo, Rousseau, Goethe, Fourier, Comte | influenced = Bakunin, Luxemburg, Lenin, [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]], [[Leon Trotsky|Trotsky]], [[Mao Zedong|Mao]], [[Fidel Castro|Castro]], [[Che Guevara|Guevara]], György Lukács, Antonio Gramsci, Hannah Arendt, Jean-Paul Sartre, Guy Debord, Frankfurt School, Antonio Negri, Michael Taussig, [[Kim Il-sung|Kim]], [[Manabendra Nath Roy|Roy]], Bookchin| notable_ideas = Co-founder of Marxism (with Engels), Marx's theory of alienation and exploitation of the worker, ''The Communist Manifesto'', ''Das Kapital'', Historical materialism |}} '''Karl Heinrich Marx''' ([[5 May]] [[1818]] – [[14 March]] [[1883]]) ek [[Germany|German]] thinker aur political thinker rahaa jon ki [[paisa]] ([[economics]]) aur ([[politics]]) ke baare me likis rahaa. Marx ii sochat rahaa ki agar ek jagha majduri ke uppar chale hae tab huan pe [[class struggle]] sab time rahi. Marx sochat rahaa ki class struggle se majduur logan raaj kare sake hae. Uske sab se famous book rahaa ''[[Communist Manifesto]]''. Uu iske [[Friedrich Engels]] ke saathe 1848 me likhis rahaa. Ii book me Communism ke idea aur aim ke likha gais hae. Ii idea ke [[Marxism]] bola jaawe hae. Uske sab se important kaam ''[[Das Kapit]]'', nai to "Capital", jiske tiin hissa me baata gais hae. Isme uu likhis hae ki capitalism kaise chale hae aur kaisan bawal ii create kare hae. Marx ke sab se popular theory ke "Materialism" bola jaawe hae, jisme uu batais hae ki [[religion]], [[morality]], [[social structures]] aur dher chij [[economics]] me rooted hae. Karl Marx ke janam Germany me 1818 me bhais rahaa, lekin uske dher dafe duusra des jaawe k parra kahe ki sarkar uske bichar se kusi nai rahaa. Marx, [[London]] me bahut din talak rahaa, jahan pe uu 1883 me maraa. Uske mare ke baad, uske friend, Engels uske dher book ke khalaas karis. ==Jeewan Kahaani== ===Bachpan aur parrhai (1818 - 1836)=== [[File:Trier BW 2014-06-21 11-11-49.jpg|thumb|left|Karl MArx ke janam sthan, abhi Brückenstraße 10, Trier me. Uske palwaar ground floor me dui room me aur first floor me tiin room me rahat rahin.<ref>{{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=178, Plate 1}}.</ref> Purchased by the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] in 1928, it now houses a museum devoted to him.{{sfn|Wheen|2001|pp=12–13}}]] Karl Marx ke janam 5 May 1818 me trier, Kingdom pf Prussia me bhais rahaa. Uske pitaji aur maiyaa, Heinrich Marx aur Henriette Pressburg rahin.<ref>{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Wheen|2001|pp=8, 12}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=1}}.</ref> Marx ke palwaar suruu me non-religious [[Yahudi]] rahin, lekin uske paida hoe se pahile [[Isai dharam]] me convert hoe gay rahin. Uske naana ek Dutch rabbi rahaa, jab uske pitaji ke palwaar Trier ke rabbi 1723 se rahaa, jon uske aaja bhi rahaa.<ref>{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|pp=4–5}}; {{harvnb|Wheen|2001|pp=7–9, 12}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|pp=2–3}}.</ref> Uske pitaji palwaar ke pahila jan rahaa jiske secular parrhai mila rahaa. Uu ek wakiil banaa rahaa aur uske achchhaa income rahaa aur uske palwaar kuchh viyards ke bhi maalik rahaa. Jab Prussia Rhineland ke aapan niche kar liis aur Jewish emancipation ke khatam kar dewa gias,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6q0OHHNyFeEC&pg=PA419 |title=Constantine's Sword: The Church and the Jews – A History |last=Carroll |first=James |year=2002 |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] |isbn=978-0-547-34888-9 |page=419 |language=en |access-date=2 April 2018 |archive-date=24 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924094733/https://books.google.com/books?id=6q0OHHNyFeEC&pg=PA419 |url-status=live |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> Marx ke pitaji Yahudi dharam se Evangelical Church of Prussia me convert hoe gais, jisse uu wakill ke kaam karte rahe sake.<ref>{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|pp=4–6}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|pp=2–4}}.</ref> Marx ke pitaji bahur dharmik nai rahaa aur philosophers [[Immanuel Kant]] aur [[Voltaire]] ke bichaar me interested rahaa. Uu ek liberal rahaa aur Prussia ke constitution ke badle ke andolan me hissa liis rahaa, jon uu time puura monarchy rahaa.<ref>{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|pp=5, 8–12}}; {{harvnb|Wheen|2001|p=11}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|pp=5–6}}.</ref> 1815 me MArx ke pitaji wakiil ke kaam suruu karis aur aapan palwaar ke Porta Nigra me move karis.<ref>{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Wheen|2001|p=10}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=7}}.</ref> Marx ke maiyaa, ek Dutch Yahudi rahii aur ek dhani palwaar ke rahi jon baad me Philips Electronics ke suruu karis rahaa. Marx ke bachpan ke baare me bahut nai jaana jaae hae.<ref>{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|p=12}}; {{harvnb|Wheen|2001|p=13}}.</ref> Marx nau larrkan me se tiisra rahaa aur jab 1819 me uske barraa bhaiyaa ke maut hoe gais tab Marx sab se barraa larrka banaa.<ref>{{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=7}}.</ref> Marx, aur uske bhaiyaa aur bahini logan ke Lutheran Church me 28 August 1824 me baptise karaa gais rahaa <ref>{{Cite web |last=Turley |first=Justin |date=2020-08-24 |title=The Baptism of Karl Marx, 1824 |url=https://landmarkevents.org/the-baptism-of-karl-marx-1824/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Landmark Events |language=en |archive-date=12 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712232703/https://landmarkevents.org/the-baptism-of-karl-marx-1824/ |url-status=live }}</ref> aur uske maiyaa ke November 1825 me baptise karaa gais rahaa.<ref>{{cite book |title=Karl Marx: Dictionary of National Biography |volume=37 |pages=57–58 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-19-861387-9}}</ref> Marx ke sikchhaa uske pitaji diis rahaa, jabtak uu Trier High School me nai bharti bhais rahaa({{Interlanguage link|Friedrich-Wilhelm-Gymnasium (Trier)|de|3=Friedrich-Wilhelm-Gymnasium (Trier)|lt=Trier High School}}), jiske headmaster, uske pitaji ke friend rahaa. School ke dher teacher log liberal rahin jisse conservative sarkar khus nai rahaa. 1832 me Police school ke raid karis aur ii paais ki liberal literature ke larrkan ke dewa jaawat rahaa. Sarkar school ke dher teacher ke replace kar diis.<ref>{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976 |pp=12–15}}; {{harvnb|Wheen|2001|p=13}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|pp=7–11}}.</ref> October 1835 me, 16 saal ke umar me Marx University of Bonn gais, jahaan pe uu philosophy aur literature parrhe maangat rahaa, lekin uske pitaji uske wakiili parrhe ke maangat rahaa.<ref>{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|pp=15–16}}; {{harvnb|Wheen|2001|p=14}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=13}}.</ref> Uske kharaab tabiyat ke kaaran uske military service se chhuut milaa. Jab uu University of Bonn me rahaa, tab uu Poet's Club ke member banaa, jisme political radicals rahin aur jipe police aankhi rakkhe rahaa.<ref>{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|p=20}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=14}}.</ref> Marx also joined the Trier Tavern Club drinking society and at one point served as the club's co-president.<ref>{{harvnb|Wheen|2001|p=16}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=14}}</ref><ref name="drinking1">{{cite news |title=Karl Marx: the drinking years|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/what-to-see/karl-marx-drinking-years/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/what-to-see/karl-marx-drinking-years/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |first=Rachel |last=Holmes |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=14 October 2017}}{{cbignore}}{{subscription required}}</ref> August 1836 me uu University ke Borussian corps ke ek member se duel karis rahaa.<ref>{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|pp=21–22}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=14}}.</ref> Jabki first term me uske grade achchhaa rahaa, ii dhire-dhire kharaab hoe lagaa aur uske pitaji uske force kar ke University of Berlin tranfer karis.<ref>{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|p=22}}; {{harvnb|Wheen|2001|pp=16–17}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=14}}.</ref> == Duusra websites == === Bibliography and online texts === * [[Marx and Engels Internet Archive]] [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/] ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/critique-hpr/ ''Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right] (1843)'' ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/jewish-question/ ''On the Jewish Question''] (1843) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/james-mill/ ''Notes on James Mill''] (1844) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/preface.htm ''Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844''] (1844) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/theses/theses.htm ''Theses on Feuerbach''] (1845) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/ ''The German Ideology''] [with Engels] (1845-46) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/poverty-philosophy/ ''The Poverty of Philosophy''] (1846-47) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/wage-labour/ ''Wage-Labour and Capital''] (1847) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ ''Manifesto of the Communist Party''] [with Engels] (1847-48) *** [http://librivox.org/the-communist-manifesto-by-karl-marx-and-friendrich-engels Free audiobook] from [http://librivox.org LibriVox] ([http://librivox.org/manifest-der-kommunistischen-partei-von-karl-marx-und-friedrich-engels/ Also available in German]) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1852/18th-brumaire/ ''The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte''] (1852) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1857/grundrisse/ ''Grundrisse''] (1857-58) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1859/critique-pol-economy/ ''A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy''] (1859) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1861/us-civil-war/index.htm ''Writings on the U.S. Civil War''] [with Engels; compiled] (1861) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1863/theories-surplus-value/ ''Theories of Surplus Value, 3 volumes''] (1862) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1865/value-price-profit/ ''Value, Price and Profit''] (1865) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/index.htm ''Capital vol. 1''] (1867) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1871/civil-war-france/ ''The Civil War in France''] (1871) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1875/gotha/ ''Critique of the Gotha Programme''] (1875) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1881/01/wagner.htm ''Notes on Wagner''] (1883) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/cw/volume36/ ''Capital, vol. 2''] [posthumously, by Engels] (1893) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1894-c3/ ''Capital, vol. 3''] [posthumously, by Engels] (1894) ** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/letters/index.htm ''Letters''] [with Engels; compiled] (1833-95) * ''Ethnological Notebooks'' — ISBN 90-232-0924-9 (1879-80) * {{gutenberg author|id=Karl_Marx|name=Karl Marx}} * [http://www.sicetnon.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=PagEd&file=index&topic_id=2&page_id=77 "The Reality Behind Commodity Fetishism" (in English)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003155654/http://www.sicetnon.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=PagEd&file=index&topic_id=2&page_id=77 |date=2006-10-03 }} at [http://www.sicetnon.org/index.php ''Sic et Non'' (in German)] * [http://libcom.org/library/karl-marx Libertarian Communist Library Karl Marx Archive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113180235/http://libcom.org/library/karl-marx |date=2009-01-13 }} * [http://www.freeinfosociety.com/site.php?postnum=77 Karl Marx Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060509021009/http://www.freeinfosociety.com/site.php?postnum=77 |date=2006-05-09 }} * [http://www.zeno.org/Philosophie/M/Marx,+Karl Works by Karl Marx] at Zeno.org (German) === Biographies === * ''[http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1892/11/marx.htm Biography of Marx]'' * ''[http://www.marxists.org/archive/mehring/1918/marx/ch01.htm Karl Marx: The Story of His Life]'' * ''[http://welshcommunists.co.uk/karl.htm Karl Marx Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209210026/http://welshcommunists.co.uk/karl.htm |date=2008-02-09 }}'' * ''[http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/isj85/morgan.htm Karl Marx: A Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410103159/http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/isj85/morgan.htm |date=2013-04-10 }}'' * ''[http://www.amazon.com/Karl-Marx-Korsch/dp/2851840681/ Karl Marx Biography]'' * ''[http://www.amazon.com/Marx-life-works-Macmillan-chronology/dp/0333280490/ Marx, life and works]'' === Articles aur Entries === * [http://www2.pfeiffer.edu/~lridener/DSS/Marx/MARXPER.HTML Dead Sociologists - Karl Marx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814015434/http://www2.pfeiffer.edu/~lridener/DSS/Marx/MARXPER.HTML |date=2007-08-14 }} * [http://www.marxists.org/archive/mandel/19xx/marx/ Ernest Mandel, ''Karl Marx'' (New Palgrave article)] * [http://www.anti-caste.org/marx-and-engels-on-india-and-the-colonial-question.html '''Marx on India and the Colonial Question'''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821140512/http://www.anti-caste.org/marx-and-engels-on-india-and-the-colonial-question.html |date=2009-08-21 }} from [http://www.anti-caste.org anti-caste] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060422140533/http://www.anti-caste.org/ |date=2006-04-22 }} * [http://www.iisg.nl/collections/marx/ Portraits of Karl Marx] * [http://www.fes.de/marx/falt_en.html The Karl Marx Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211182217/http://www.fes.de/marx/falt_en.html |date=2007-02-11 }} * [http://marxmyths.org/index.shtml Marxmyths.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116191844/http://marxmyths.org/index.shtml |date=2007-01-16 }} - Various essays on misinterpretations of Marx * Paul Dorn, [http://www.runmuki.com/paul/writing/marx.html The Paris Commune and Marx' Theory of Revolution] * [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marx/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry] * [http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0717-28.htm Why Marx is the Man of the Moment] {{bio-stub}} {{BD|1818|1883|Marx, Karl}} [[Category:Germany ke log]] [[Category:Philosophers|Marx, Karl]] [[Category:Sociologists|Marx, Karl]] oho2faq2uu7x1ssuu5c93f7h70jy818 0 5302 333913 329038 2026-04-03T06:38:11Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 333913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Simón Bolívar | image = Simón Bolívar. Toro Moreno, Luis. 1922, Legislative Palace, La Paz.png | caption = Posthumous portrait, 1922 <!-- Political Offices --> | order = 1st | office = President of Colombia | term_start = 16 February 1819 | term_end = 27 April 1830 | predecessor = [[Estanislao Vergara y Sanz de Santamaría]] | successor = [[Domingo Caycedo]] | office2 = [[President of Peru]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ley Disponiendo Que El Ejecutivo Comunique A Bolívar La Abolición De La Constitución Vitalicia Y La Elección De Presidente De La República, 22 de Junio de 1827|url=http://www.congreso.gob.pe/participacion/museo/congreso/mensajes/ley_abolicion_constitucion_vitalicia_eleccion_presidente_republica_22_junio_1827|date=22 June 1827|publisher=[[Congress of Peru]]|language=es|access-date=29 March 2023}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | term_start2 = 10 February 1824 | term_end2 = 27 January 1827 | predecessor2 = [[José Bernardo de Tagle]] | successor2 = [[José de La Mar]] | office3 = 1st [[President of Bolivia]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 December 2011 |title=Se enciende el debate por el cargo de Simón Bolívar |trans-title=Debate Ignites over Simón Bolívar's Position |language=es |work=El Día |publication-place=Santa Cruz de la Sierra |url=https://www.eldia.com.bo/noticia.php?id=81377 |url-status=live |access-date=14 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214195704/https://www.eldia.com.bo/noticia.php?id=81377 |archive-date=14 February 2023}}</ref> | term_start3 = 6 August 1825 | term_end3 = 29 December 1825 | predecessor3 = ''Office established'' | successor3 = [[Antonio José de Sucre]] <!-- Personal details --> | birth_date = {{birth date|1783|7|24|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Caracas]], [[Captaincy General of Venezuela]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1830|12|17|1783|7|24|df=y}} | death_place = [[Santa Marta]], [[Gran Colombia]] | death_cause = <!-- should only be included when the cause of death has significance for the subject's notability --> | resting_place = [[National Pantheon of Venezuela]] | nationality = {{ubl|[[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] (until 1810)|Venezuelan (1813–1819)|Colombian (from 1819)}} | partner = [[Manuela Sáenz]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa]]|1802|1803|reason=died}} | signature = Simón Bolívar Signature.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink }} [[File:Bolívar en Carabobo.jpg|thumb]] '''Simón Bolívar''' ([[1783]] - [[1830]]) ek [[Venezuela]] ke military commander rahaa. Uske janam [[Caracas]], [[Venezuela]] me bhaes rahaa. Uu [[South America]] ke dher des ke [[Spain]] se ajaadi dewais rahaa. Kuchh din talak uu Gran Colombia ke president rahaa, ek des jon ki abhi nai hae. [[Bolivia]] des ke naam Bolívar se aais hae. == Other websites == * [http://www.simon-bolivar.h80.org/ Simon Bolivar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070628233647/http://www.simon-bolivar.h80.org/ |date=2007-06-28 }} {{BD|1783|1830|Bolivar, Simon}} {{bio-stub}} [[Category:Venezuela ke log]] mo9m4wy7tthpw73byyidqnadw1uug8w 0 5620 333899 306257 2026-04-03T00:48:51Z ~2026-19770-47 39550 333899 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Osama bin Laden in 2001 (cropped).jpg|thumb]] '''Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden''' ([[Arbii bhasa|Arbii]]: <span lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن</span>; [[10 March]] [[1957]] [http://www.interpol.int/Public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211102312/http://www.interpol.int/public/data/wanted/notices/data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp |date=2004-12-11 }}, [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]]) ke naam se jaana jaawe hae, ek [[Islam]]ic [[fundamentalism|fundamentalist]] hae. Al qaeda ke twrrorist organisatiim se the Inke sambandh the Taliban. '''Bache''': 22 == references ==<!-- [[Category:Muslims|bin Laden, Osama]] [[Category:Terrorists|bin Laden, Osama]] --> [[Category:1957 births|bin Laden, Osama]] <references /> [[vibhag:O]] rxiicif2vcs28x8t2ccdt1g5qqghi9r 333900 333899 2026-04-03T00:49:05Z ~2026-19770-47 39550 333900 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Osama bin Laden in 2001 (cropped).jpg|thumb]] '''Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden''' ([[Arbii bhasa|Arbii]]: <span lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن</span>; [[10 March]] [[1957]] [http://www.interpol.int/Public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211102312/http://www.interpol.int/public/data/wanted/notices/data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp |date=2004-12-11 }}, [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]]) ke naam se jaana jaawe hae, ek [[Islam]]ic [[fundamentalism|fundamentalist]] hae. Al qaeda ke terrorist organisatiim se the Inke sambandh the Taliban. '''Bache''': 22 == references ==<!-- [[Category:Muslims|bin Laden, Osama]] [[Category:Terrorists|bin Laden, Osama]] --> [[Category:1957 births|bin Laden, Osama]] <references /> [[vibhag:O]] 3xo75i28890n3itma9gvmgpxvn3e4kz 333902 333900 2026-04-03T00:53:00Z ~2026-19770-47 39550 333902 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Osama bin Laden in 2001 (cropped).jpg|thumb]] '''Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden''' ([[Arbii bhasa|Arbii]]: <span lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن</span>; [[10 March]] [[1957]] [http://www.interpol.int/Public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211102312/http://www.interpol.int/public/data/wanted/notices/data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp |date=2004-12-11 }}, [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]]) ke naam se jaana jaawe hae, ek [[Islam]]ic [[fundamentalism|fundamentalist]] hae. Al qaeda ke terrorist organisation se the, most wanted bhi rahe hai. Inke sambandh the Taliban. '''Bache''': 22 == references == [[Category:1957 births|bin Laden, Osama]] [[vibhag:O]] 6enln8lm7bu4l0jgjmga5ch8n6cp1gs 333903 333902 2026-04-03T00:54:22Z ~2026-19873-81 39554 333903 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden''' ([[Arbii bhasa|Arbii]]: <span lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن</span>; [[10 March]] [[1957]] [http://www.interpol.int/Public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211102312/http://www.interpol.int/public/data/wanted/notices/data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp |date=2004-12-11 }}, [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]]) ke naam se jaana jaawe hae, ek [[Islam]]ic [[fundamentalism|fundamentalist]] hae. Al qaeda ke terrorist organisation se the, most wanted bhi rahe hai. Inke sambandh the Taliban. '''Bache''': 22 == references == [[Category:1957 births|bin Laden, Osama]] [[vibhag:O]] a762lihffgpzp3d9b04wfmvi7ubqzqd 333904 333903 2026-04-03T00:57:56Z ~2026-19873-81 39554 /* references */ 333904 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden''' ([[Arbii bhasa|Arbii]]: <span lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن</span>; [[10 March]] [[1957]] [http://www.interpol.int/Public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211102312/http://www.interpol.int/public/data/wanted/notices/data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp |date=2004-12-11 }}, [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]]) ke naam se jaana jaawe hae, ek [[Islam]]ic [[fundamentalism|fundamentalist]] hae. Al qaeda ke terrorist organisation se the, most wanted bhi rahe hai. Inke sambandh the Taliban. '''Bache''': 22 ==related== Amira Salbi Mawli == references == [[Category:1957 births|bin Laden, Osama]] [[vibhag:O]] 26kio43v9h88azscrvf10a0xl2mzfa2 333905 333904 2026-04-03T00:58:10Z ~2026-19873-81 39554 /* related */ 333905 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden''' ([[Arbii bhasa|Arbii]]: <span lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن</span>; [[10 March]] [[1957]] [http://www.interpol.int/Public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211102312/http://www.interpol.int/public/data/wanted/notices/data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp |date=2004-12-11 }}, [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]]) ke naam se jaana jaawe hae, ek [[Islam]]ic [[fundamentalism|fundamentalist]] hae. Al qaeda ke terrorist organisation se the, most wanted bhi rahe hai. Inke sambandh the Taliban. '''Bache''': 22 ==related== Amir Salbi Mawli == references == [[Category:1957 births|bin Laden, Osama]] [[vibhag:O]] 0dgl9dcqlrpwzjiqbvue6ihv9kcexhh 0 6482 333894 329030 2026-04-02T20:50:53Z Milenioscuro 6722 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Kazakhstan-Astana.png]] → [[File:Astana in Kazakhstan.svg]] updated svg 333894 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Astana''' (Kazakh: Астана, Farsi:), [[Kazakhstan]] ke [[capital]] [[city]] hae. Pahile ii '''Nur-Sultan, Akmolinsk''', '''Tselinograd''', aur '''Akmola''' ke naam se jana jaataa rahaa<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-09-18 |title=The Capital Has Been Officially Renamed to Astana |url=https://qazmonitor.com/news/844/the-capital-has-been-officially-renamed-to-astana |website=The Qazaqstan Monitor |access-date=2023-01-25 |archive-date=2024-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003193414/https://qazmonitor.com/news/844/the-capital-has-been-officially-renamed-to-astana |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Iske population 1 350 228 (2022) hae, aur ii 2022 se [[Kazakhstan]] ke capital hae. == Demographics == Iske population 1 350 228 (2022) hae. Ethnic groups (2020) <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stat.gov.kz/api/getFile/?docId=ESTAT355258 |title=Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2020 года |publisher=Stat.kz |access-date=3 August 2020 |archive-date=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527204929/https://www.stat.gov.kz/api/getFile/?docId=ESTAT355258 |url-status=live }}</ref> : * Kazakh: 79.1% * Russian: 12.85% * Ukrainian: 1.32% * Tatar: 1.08% * Uzbek: 0.96% * Others: 4.65% {| class="wikitable" |+Historical population !Year !<abbr>Pop.</abbr> !<abbr>±%</abbr> |- !1989 |281,252 |—     |- !1999 |326,900 | +16.2% |- !2002 |493,100 | +50.8% |- !2010 |649,139 | +31.6% |- !2016 |872,655 | +34.4% |- !2020 |1,136,008 | +30.2% |} ==Chapa== <gallery mode="packed" heights="150"> file:Emblem of Nur-Sultan.svg|City coat-of-arm of Astana file:Astana in Kazakhstan.svg|Location of Astana </gallery> ==References== <references/> ==Ii bhi dekho== *[[Suva]] *[[New Delhi]] ==Bahaari jorr== * [http://www.bie-paris.org/site/en/2017-astana Official website of the BIE] * [http://www.expo2017astana.com Expo 2017 Astana-Kazakhstan] [[Category:A]] [[Category:Kazakhstan]] [[Category:Capital cities]] m5porsc3btaf54kc0xpjncb986w7i6i 0 10064 333915 314946 2026-04-03T09:11:20Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 333915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Yue | altname = Cantonese | nativename = {{zhi|t=粵語|s=粤语}}<br />{{zhi|t=廣東話|s=广东话}} | imagecaption = {{zhi|cy=Yuhtyúh|l=Yue}} written in [[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional]] (left) and [[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified]] (right) character forms | image = Yueyu-vector.svg | region = [[Guangdong]], [[Guangxi]], western [[Hainan]], [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]] | ethnicity = [[Cantonese people|Cantonese]]<br>[[Taishanese people|Taishanese]] | speakers = {{sigfig|86.116370|2}} million | date = 2022 | ref = e26 | familycolor = Sino-Tibetan | fam2 = [[Sinitic languages|Sinitic]] | ancestor = [[Proto-Sino-Tibetan]] | ancestor2 = [[Old Chinese]] | ancestor3 = [[Eastern Han Chinese]] | ancestor4 = [[Middle Chinese]] | dialect_label = [[Varieties of Chinese|Varieties]] | dia1 = [[Yuehai Yue|Yuehai]] (incl. [[Cantonese]]) | dia2 = [[Siyi Yue|Siyi]] (incl. [[Taishanese]]) | dia3 = [[Gao-Yang Yue|Gao–Yang]] | dia4 = [[Yong-Xun Yue|Yong–Xun]] | dia5 = [[Goulou Yue|Gou–Lou]] | dia6 = [[Qin-Lian Yue|Qin–Lian]] | dia7 = [[Wu-Hua Yue|Wu–Hua]] | dia8 = [[Luo–Guang Yue|Luo–Guang]] | script = | nation = | map = Idioma cantonés.png | mapcaption = {{image reference needed|date=November 2022}} | iso3 = yue | linglist = yue | glotto = yuec1235 | glottorefname = Yue Chinese | glottofoot = no | lingua = 79-AAA-m | notice = | fam3 = [[Chinese language|Chinese]] }} '''Yue Chinese''' ek [[Sino-Tibetan bhasa]] hae, jiske jaada kar ke '''Cantonese''' ke naam se jaana jaawe hae uar jisme [[China]] ke [[Guangzhou]] (Canton) Province aur, [[Hong Kong]] aur [[Macau]] me baat karaa jaawe hae. ==References== {{Reflist|2}} == Bahaari jorr == *[http://cantonese.hk/wp/?cat=4 Free Intermediate and Advanced Learning MP3] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721085237/http://cantonese.hk/wp/?cat=4 |date=2011-07-21 }} *[http://sites.google.com/site/pinyinsite/cantoneseaid cantoneseAID] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110621072547/http://sites.google.com/site/pinyinsite/cantoneseaid |date=2011-06-21 }} *[http://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/ Learn Cantonese (with Cantonese-English / English-Cantonese Dictionary)] *[http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/classification/yue/index.php Classification of Cantonese Dialects] *[http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=73&menu=004 Profile and Linguistic Map of Cantonese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605045435/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=73&menu=004 |date=2011-06-05 }} * [https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/addon/10573 a keyboard for typing chinese characters for firefox]{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[vibhag:Y]] [[vibhag:China ke bhasa]] [[vibhag:Sino-Tibetan bhasa]] 6mdf6z09qg5pwix73z8g4vrslbyxl7r 0 10104 333914 330013 2026-04-03T06:41:09Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 333914 wikitext text/x-wiki == References == <references /> == External links == {{InterWiki|code=si}} {{Wiktionarylang|code=si}} * [http://www.sinhalapage.com/ Guide to Sinhala language & Culture] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708080521/http://www.sinhalapage.com/ |date=2019-07-08 }} * [http://www.sinhalasoftware.com/ Sinhala Language tools download center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302160206/http://www.sinhalasoftware.com/ |date=2012-03-02 }} * [http://softdevex.com/products/desktop/IntellifontIME/index.html Sinhala Input Method Editor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901191721/http://softdevex.com/products/desktop/IntellifontIME/index.html |date=2009-09-01 }} * [http://www.lanka.info/dictionary/EnglishToSinhala.jsp Kapruka Sinhala dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318102613/http://www.lanka.info/dictionary/EnglishToSinhala.jsp |date=2014-03-18 }} * [http://www.maduraonline.com/ Madura English-Sinhala Dictionary] * [http://sinhala-online.com/ Sinhala dictionary (Beta)] * [http://www.sinhaladictionary.org/ Sinhala dictionary resources online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012190522/http://www.sinhaladictionary.org/ |date=2020-10-12 }} * [http://lankahands.com/ Sinhala books/novels] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622034205/http://lankahands.com/ |date=2015-06-22 }} * [http://www.fsi-language-courses.org/Content.php?page=Sinhala USA Foreign Service Institute (FSI) Sinhala basic course] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320133547/http://www.fsi-language-courses.org/Content.php?page=Sinhala |date=2012-03-20 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sinhala bhasa}} [[vibhag:Bhasa]] [[vibhag:Sri Lanka ke bhasa]] 4mgi03stbi747w8fy89yjch6n3wntgi 0 10129 333907 330399 2026-04-03T01:13:57Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 333907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language |name=Khmer |nativename= {{lang|km|ភាសាខ្មែរ}}, Phéasa Khmêr |pronunciation= {{IPA-km|pʰiːəsaː kʰmaːe|IPA}} |familycolor=Austroasiatic |states=[[Cambodia]], [[Vietnam]], [[Thailand]], [[United States|USA]], [[France]], [[Australia]] |speakers=15.7 to 21.6 million (2004)<br /> *Native speakers: 14.7 to 20.6 million **Cambodia: 12.1 million **Vietnam: 1,055,174<ref>Vietnam's estimated number of Khmer speakers by [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=khm Ethnologue.com] in (1999)</ref> **Thailand: 1.2 million **USA: 190,000 **France: ca. 50,000 **Australia: 22,000 **Canada: 16,500 *2nd language speakers: 1 million in Cambodia |fam2=[[Nuclear Mon–Khmer]] |fam3=Khmero-Vietic |fam4=Khmero-Bahnaric |fam5=Khmeric |script=[[Khmer script]] ([[abugida]]) |nation={{flagcountry|Cambodia}} |iso1=km|iso2=khm |lc1=khm|ld1=Central Khmer|ll1=Khmer language |lc2=kxm|ld2=Northern Khmer|ll2=Khmer language |notice=IPA notice }} '''Khmer bhasa''' ek [[Austroasiatic bhasa]] hae. [[File:KB Khmer Typewriter.svg|thumb|Khmer bhasa ke keyboard]] ==External links== {{InterWiki|code=km}} * [http://sealang.net/mk/khmeric.htm SEAlang Project: Mon–Khmer languages. The Khmeric Branch] * [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Khmer_Swadesh_list Khmer Swadesh vocabulary list] (from Wiktionary's [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Swadesh_lists Swadesh-list appendix]) * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=91043 Ethnologue entry on Khmer] * [http://code.google.com/p/khmer-dictionary-tools/ Dictionary and SpellChecker] open sourced and collaborative project based on [[Chuon Nath]] Khmer Dictionary * [http://www.sbbic.org/lang/en-us/2010/07/15/how-to-install-khmer-unicode-on-windows-7/ How to install Khmer script on a Windows 7 computer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123111244/http://www.sbbic.org/lang/en-us/2010/07/15/how-to-install-khmer-unicode-on-windows-7/ |date=2011-01-23 }} * [http://www.sbbic.org/lang/en-us/2010/03/27/how-to-install-khmer-unicode-on-your-windows-xp-computer How to install Khmer script on a Windows XP computer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925202427/http://www.sbbic.org/lang/en-us/2010/03/27/how-to-install-khmer-unicode-on-your-windows-xp-computer/ |date=2011-09-25 }} * ''[http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=75&menu=004 Khmer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926150134/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=75&menu=004 |date=2018-09-26 }}'' at [http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/ UCLA Language Materials project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720065425/http://www.pavelicpapers.com/documents/odpor/index.html |date=2006-07-20 }} * [http://dict.​ant.com.kh/dictionaries/ Online Khmer & English dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110821053921/http://dict.ant.com.kh/dictionaries/ |date=2011-08-21 }} * [http://dictionary.tovnah.com/ Khmer Online Dictionaries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105154206/http://www.dictionary.tovnah.com/ |date=2017-01-05 }} * [http://www.sihanoukville-cambodia.com/about-sihanoukville/language.html A small primer on the Khmer Language] * [http://www.fsi-language-courses.org/Content.php?page=Cambodian USA Foreign Service Institute (FSI) Cambodian basic course] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008013407/http://www.fsi-language-courses.org/Content.php?page=Cambodian |date=2011-10-08 }} * [http://www.wiki-babel.org/en/Portal:Khmer Khmer audio lessons at WikiBabel] == References == <references /> [[vibhag:Khmer]] [[vibhag:Austroasiatic bhasa]] [[vibhag:Cambodia ke bhasa]] [[vibhag:Thailand ke bhasa]] [[vibhag:Vietnam ke bhasa]] evu2jy573h2nr6tmdf29cimctea2sth 0 10149 333911 322982 2026-04-03T03:08:58Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 333911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language |name=Mossi |nativename=Mòoré |states=[[Burkina Faso]], [[Benin]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Ghana]], [[Mali]], [[Togo]] |speakers=5,036,700 |familycolor=Niger-Congo |fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo]] |fam3=[[Savanna languages|Savannas]]? |fam4=[[Gur languages|Gur]] |fam5=Northern Gur |fam6=[[Oti–Volta languages|Oti–Volta]] |fam7=Moré–Dagbani |fam8=Moré languages |iso2=mos |iso3=mos |map=Langages of Burkina Faso.png |mapcaption=Majority areas of Mossi speakers, in pink, on a map of Burkina Faso. }} '''More bhasa''' ek bhasa hae. ==Bahaari jorr== *[http://llmap.org/languages/mos.html Map of Mòoré (also Mossi) language from the LL-Map Project] *[http://multitree.org/codes/mos Information on Mòoré language from the MultiTree Project] *[http://www.fsi-language-courses.org/Content.php?page=More USA Foreign Service Institute Moré basic course] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609084717/http://www.fsi-language-courses.org/Content.php?page=More |date=2019-06-09 }} *{{wikivoyagephrasebook|Mooré phrasebook}} *[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=mos Ethnologue report on Moore] *[http://www.panafril10n.org/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Moore PanAfrican L10n wiki page on Moore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819200150/http://www.panafril10n.org/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Moore |date=2007-08-19 }} [[vibhag:Bhasa]] [[vibhag:Burkina Faso ke bhasa]] 1srno841lfasd91orxhisg1zn6ev544 0 10152 333908 322668 2026-04-03T01:17:48Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 333908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language |name=Rundi |nativename=Ikirundi |ethnicity=[[Hutu]], [[Tutsi]], and [[Great Lakes Twa|Twa]] |states={{flag|Burundi}}, {{flag|Uganda}} |region=[[Central Africa]] |speakers= 8 700 000 (2011) |familycolor=Niger-Congo |fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] |fam3=[[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]] |fam4=[[Bantoid languages|Bantoid]] |fam5=[[Bantu languages|Bantu]] |fam6=[[Northeast Bantu]] |fam7=[[Great Lakes Bantu]] |fam8=[[Ruanda-Rundi]] (D62) |nation={{flag|Burundi}} |iso1=rn |iso2=run |iso3=run |notice=IPA}} '''Kirundi bhasa''' ek bhasa hae. == Bahaari jorr == {{InterWiki|code=rn}} * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=run Ethnologue on Rundi] * [http://marston.freemethodistchurch.org/Dictionaries/Hi-Res/english-kirundi%20dictionary.pdf Free English-Kirundi Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726064720/http://marston.freemethodistchurch.org/Dictionaries/Hi-Res/english-kirundi%20dictionary.pdf |date=2011-07-26 }} * [http://marston.freemethodistchurch.org/Dictionaries/Hi-Res/kirundi-english%20dictionary.pdf Free Kirundi-English Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726064811/http://marston.freemethodistchurch.org/Dictionaries/Hi-Res/kirundi-english%20dictionary.pdf |date=2011-07-26 }} * [http://www.panafril10n.org/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/RwandaRundi PanAfrican L10n page on Kirundi...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321212136/http://www.panafril10n.org/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/RwandaRundi |date=2007-03-21 }} * [http://cecilia.ls.fi.upm.es/~jmartinez/wiki/index.php/Learning_Kirundi Learning Kirundi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513124329/http://cecilia.ls.fi.upm.es/~jmartinez/wiki/index.php/Learning_Kirundi |date=2008-05-13 }} (in Spanish) * [http://amajambo.ijuru.com Online Kirundi/English dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801021745/http://amajambo.ijuru.com/ |date=2008-08-01 }} * [http://www.fsi-language-courses.org/Content.php?page=Kirundi USA Foreign Service Institute Kirundi basic course] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320133053/http://www.fsi-language-courses.org/Content.php?page=Kirundi |date=2012-03-20 }} [[vibhag:Bhasa]] [[vibhag:Burundi ke bhasa]] [[vibhag:Democratic Republic of the Congo ke bhasa]] [[vibhag:Tanzania ke bhasa]] [[vibhag:Uganda ke bhasa]] cmg5casbdjj2egcbmeiqdaqfer824ew 0 21553 333891 330405 2026-04-02T19:38:28Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 333891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arab–Israeli conflict''' ''Al-Sura'a Al'Arabi A'Israili''; , ''Ha'Sikhsukh Ha'Yisraeli-Aravi'') [[Arab people|Arabs]] aur [[Israelis]] ke biich ke larrai ke bola jaae hae. ==References== {{Reflist|35em}} ==Aur parrho== {{See also|Bibliography of the Arab-Israeli conflict}} *[[Associated Press]], comp. (1996). ''Lightning Out of Israel: [The Six-Day War in the Middle East]: The Arab-Israeli Conflict''. Commemorative Ed. Western Printing and Lithographing Company for the Associated Press. ASIN B000BGT89M. *[[Mitchell Bard|Bard, Mitchell]] (1999). ''Middle East Conflict''. Indianapolis: Alpha Books. ISBN 0-02-863261-3. *[[Gad Barzilai|Barzilai, Gad]] (1996). ''Wars, Internal Conflicts and Political Order: A Jewish Democracy in the Middle East''. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-2944-X * Brown, Wesley H. & Peter F. Penner (ed.): ''Christian Perspectives on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict''. Neufeld Verlag, Schwarzenfeld 2008. ISBN 978-3-937896-57-1. *[[Jimmy Carter|Carter, Jimmy]] (2006). ''[[Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid]]''. New York: [[Simon and Schuster]]. ISBN 0-7432-8502-6. * Casper, Lionel L. (2003). ''Rape of Palestine and the Struggle for Jerusalem''. New York & Jerusalem: Gefen Publishing House. ISBN 965-229-297-4. *[[Sabina Citron|Citron, Sabina]] (2006). ''The Indictment: The Arab-Israeli Conflict in Historical Perspective''. New York & Jerusalem: Gefen Publishing House. ISBN 965-229-373-3. *{{cite book |last=Cramer |first=Richard Ben |year=2004 |title=How Israel Lost: The Four Questions |publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]] |location=New York |isbn=0-7432-5028-1}} *[[Alan Dershowitz|Dershowitz, Alan]] (2004). ''The Case for Israel''. New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-67952-6. * [[Avner Falk|Falk, Avner]] (2004). ''Fratricide in the Holy Land: A Psychoanalytic View of the Arab-Israeli Conflict.'' Madison: U of Wisconsin P. ISBN 0-299-20250-X *{{cite book |last=[[Gelvin]] |first=James L. |year=2005 |title=The Israel-Palestine Conflict: 100 Years of War |publisher=Cambridge UP |location=New York & Cambridge, Eng. |isbn=0-521-61804-5}} *{{cite book |last=Gold |first=Dore | authorlink = Dore Gold |year=2004 |title=Tower of Babble: How the United Nations Has Fueled Global Chaos |publisher=Crown Forum |location=New York |isbn=1-4000-5475-3}} *[[Norman Finkelstein|Finkelstein, Norman G.]] (2003). ''Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict''. Verso Books. ISBN 1-85984-442-1. *Goldenberg, Doron (2003). ''State of Siege''. Gefen Publishing House. ISBN 965-229-310-5. *[[Marc Gopin|Gopin, Marc]]. (2002). ''Holy War, Holy Peace: How Religion Can Bring Peace to the Middle East''. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514650-6. *{{cite journal|last=Hamidullah|first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Hamidullah |year=1986|month=January|title=Relations of Muslims with non-Muslims|journal=Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs|volume=7|issue=1|page=9|doi=10.1080/13602008608715960}} * Howell, Mark (2007). ''What Did We Do to Deserve This? Palestinian Life under Occupation in the West Bank'', Garnet Publishing. ISBN 1-85964-195-4 *[[Raphael Israeli|Israeli, Raphael]] (2002). ''Dangers of a Palestinian State''. New York & Jerusalem: Gefen Publishing House. ISBN 965-229-303-2. *[[Shmuel Katz (politician)|Katz, Shmuel]] (1973). ''Battleground: Fact and Fantasy in Palestine''. Shapolsky Pub. ISBN 0-933503-03-2. *{{cite book |last=Khouri |first=Fred J. |year=1985 |title=The Arab-Israeli Dilemma | edition = 3rd |publisher=Syracuse University Press |location=Syracuse, NY |isbn=0-8156-2339-9}} *{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard | authorlink = Bernard Lewis |year=1984 |title=The Jews of Islam |publisher=Princeton UP |location=Princeton, NJ |isbn=0-691-05419-3}} *{{cite book |last=Lesch |first= David |year=2007 |title=The Arab-Israeli Conflict A History |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=0-19-517230-2}} *–––. (September 1990). "The Roots of Muslim Rage." ''[[The Atlantic Monthly]]''. *[[Zeev Maoz|Maoz, Zeev]] (2006). ''Defending the Holy Land''. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. ISBN 0-472-11540-5 *{{cite book |last=Morris |first=Benny | authorlink = Benny Morris |year=1999 |title=Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881–2001 |publisher=Knopf |location=New York |isbn=0-679-42120-3}} *Morris, Benny (2009). ''1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War'', Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-15112-1 *[[Yitzhak Reiter|Reiter, Yitzhak]] (2009). ''National Minority, Regional Majority: Palestinian Arabs Versus Jews in Israel (Syracuse Studies on Peace and Conflict Resolution)'', Syracuse Univ Press (Sd). ISBN 978-0-8156-3230-6 *Rogan, Eugene L., ed., and [[Avi Shlaim]], ed. (2001). ''The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948''. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. ISBN 978-0-521-79476-3. *[[Tom Segev|Segev, Tom]] (1999). ''One Palestine Complete: Jews and Arabs Under British Mandate''. New York: Henry Holt & Co. ISBN 0-8050-6587-3. ==External links== {{Sister project links}} ===Government and official sources=== * [http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa Israel's Ministry of Foreign Affairs] **[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Palestinian+terror+since+2000/Victims+of+Palestinian+Violence+and+Terrorism+sinc.htm Victims of Palestinian Violence and Terrorism since September 2000] * [http://www.arableagueonline.org/ League of Arab States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013055010/http://www.arableagueonline.org/ |date=2016-10-13 }} * [http://www.mofa.gov.ps/ Palestinian Authority Ministry of Foreign Affairs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100805011339/http://www.mofa.gov.ps/ |date=2010-08-05 }} * [http://www.un.org/Depts/dpa/qpal/ United Nations on the Question of Palestine] * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/us/arabisrael.htm Arab-Israeli Conflict] from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' ===Regional media=== ;Israeli * [http://www.ynetnews.com/ Israel News – Yedioth Aharonoth] Israel's largest newspaper, centrist [http://www.ynet.co.il/ (Hebrew)] * [http://www.jpost.com/ Jerusalem Post], Israel's oldest English newspaper, conservative * [http://www.haaretz.com/ Ha'aretz] Israeli newspaper, liberal * [http://www.jnewswire.com/ Jerusalem Newswire] Christian-run Jerusalem-based news website, conservative ;Arab * [http://www.dailystar.com.lb/ Lebanon Daily Star], largest English-circulation newspaper in the Arab world * [http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/ Al Ahram], Egypt's largest newspaper (see also [[Al Ahram]]) * [http://www.palestinechronicle.com/ Palestine Chronicle], weekly electronic paper ===Think tanks and strategic analysis=== *[http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552621 Dean Peter Krogh Examines Prospects for Peace] from the [http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552494/browse?type=title Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives] * [http://www.ngo-monitor.org/ NGO Monitor], NGO watchdog group, highlighting perceived instances of anti-Israeli NGO bias * [http://www.jcpa.org/ Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs] * [http://www.passia.org/index_pfacts.htm Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs (PASSIA)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211100305/http://www.passia.org/index_pfacts.htm |date=2004-12-11 }}, Palestinian research organization * [http://www.ipcri.org/ Israel/Palestine Center for Research and Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125104211/http://www.ipcri.org/ |date=2014-01-25 }} Joint Israeli-Palestinian think tank * [http://www.merip.org/ Middle East Research and Information Project] (see also [[Middle East Research and Information Project]]) * [http://www.brookings.edu/saban.aspx Saban Center for Middle East Policy] (see also [[Saban Center for Middle East Policy]]) *[http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/ Washington Institute for Near East Policy] (see also [[Washington Institute for Near East Policy]]) *[http://www.memri.org/conflict.html Original analysis of current developments in the peace-process] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060301003045/http://www.memri.org/conflict.html |date=2006-03-01 }}, from [[Middle East Media Research Institute]] *[http://www.acpr.org.il/ The Ariel Center for Policy Research] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060422071051/http://www.acpr.org.il/ |date=2006-04-22 }} *[http://www.acpr.org.il/ENGLISH-NATIV/05-issue/shapiro-5.htm A Regional Perspective on the Arab-Israeli Conflict by Jay Shapiro] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807062521/http://www.acpr.org.il/ENGLISH-NATIV/05-issue/shapiro-5.htm |date=2011-08-07 }} *[http://www.jiis.org/ Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ===Peace proposals=== {{Main|List of Middle East peace proposals}} * [http://www.mideastweb.org/peaceplans.htm An historical summary of Middle East Peace Plans and Proposals] ===Maps=== *[http://www.mideastweb.org/maps.htm MideastWeb Middle East Map Collection] *[http://factsofisrael.com/blog/index.php FactsOfIsrael.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207031600/http://factsofisrael.com/blog/index.php |date=2017-02-07 }} Maps, history, statistics, victims *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east.html University of Texas Map Collection] ===General sources=== *[http://www.cfr.org/publication/13850/ Crisis Guide: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict from the Council on Foreign Relations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605162725/http://www.cfr.org/publication/13850/ |date=2010-06-05 }} *[http://www.dinur.org/resources/resourceCategoryDisplay.aspx?categoryid=780&rsid=478 Resources >Modern Period>20th Cent.>History of Israel>State of Israel] The Jewish History Resource Center, Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem *[http://www.FocusOnMideast.com/ Daily digest of commentary about the Arab-Israeli conflict from around the world] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/middle_east/2001/israel_and_the_palestinians/default.stm Israel and the Palestinians] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226184942/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/middle_east/2001/israel_and_the_palestinians/default.stm |date=2009-02-26 }} *[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761588322/Arab-Israeli_Conflict.html Encarta Encyclopedia on the Arab-Israeli Conflict]( {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028022144/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761588322/Arab-Israeli_Conflict.html |date=2009-10-28 }} 2009-10-31) * [http://historyteacher.net/Arab-Israeli_Conflict.htm Guide to the Arab-Israeli Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611211654/http://historyteacher.net/Arab-Israeli_Conflict.htm |date=2010-06-11 }}, includes links to historical sources, as well as sources representing the Arab and Israeli sides of the conflict. * [http://www.guardian.co.uk/flash/0,5860,720353,00.html The Guardian (UK) A Brief History of Arab-Israeli Conflict] (flash) *{{dmoz|Society/Issues/Warfare_and_Conflict/Specific_Conflicts/Middle_East/Israel-Palestine|Israel-Palestine Conflict}} * [http://diplomacymonitor.com/stu/dm.nsf/issued?openform&cat=Middle_East Diplomacy Monitor – Middle East] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204203437/http://diplomacymonitor.com/stu/dm.nsf/issued?openform&cat=Middle_East |date=2012-02-04 }} * [http://www.israel-palaestina.de/ Information (articles, reports, maps, books, links, ...) on the israeli palestinian conflict (middle east conflict)] * [http://www.ipsnews.net/new_focus/israel_palestina/index.asp Holy Land, Unholy War] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109191230/http://www.ipsnews.net/new_focus/israel_palestina/index.asp |date=2007-01-09 }} Independent coverage of the Middle East conflicts by the news agency [[Inter Press Service]] * [http://web.uconn.edu/polisci/people/faculty/doc/history_pressman.pdf "A Brief History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict"] by Jeremy Pressman {{Arab-Israeli Conflict|state=expanded}} {{Middle East conflict}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arab–Israeli Conflict}} [[Category:Arab–Israeli conflict| ]] g3xh05bdaek3kzv45ezg9fc5wi9xk0c 0 43876 333896 315343 2026-04-02T23:34:32Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 333896 wikitext text/x-wiki ''' Haryanvi cinema ''' Haryanvi main filmen banane ka udhyog hae, jo mukhya roop se [[haryana]] main sakriya hae<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://desharyana.in/archives/3122/amp |title=Archive copy |access-date=2019-10-30 |archive-date=2019-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030083355/https://desharyana.in/archives/3122/amp |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Itihaas == Hariyanvi main bani pahli film [[Beera shera]] thi jo bleck and white film thi aur 1973 main release hui. Uske baad kai haryanvi film release huin. "Chandrawal" ko ab talak ki sabse safal haryanvi film mana jata hae.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://213.133.99.86/haryana/rewari/rewari-news-haryanvi-cinema-encourage-government?src=story-related|title=हरियाणवी सिनेमा को प्रोत्साहन दे सरकार}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.naidunia.com/national-haryanvi-films-will-show-in-theaters-mandatory-911227|title=सिनेमा घरों में हरियाणवी फिल्में दिखाना होगा अनिवार्य}}</ref> == Vartman main Haryanvi cinema == Adhunik samay main haryanvi cinema main gaane bahut prichlit hain. haryana main Haryanvi gaane bahut lokpriya huye hain. Uttar Kumar, Vijay Verma, anjali raghav famous artist hain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.haryana.punjabkesari.in/kurukshetra/news/haryana-film-boards-will-get-promotions-from-haryana-847678|title=हरियाणा फिल्म बोर्ड बनने से हरियाणवी फिल्मों को मिलेगा बढ़ावा|publisher=m.haryana.punjabkesari.in}}</ref> Ab haryanvi cinema ke vikas ke liye Haryana sarkar ne nai neetiyan banayi hain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/haryana/fatehabad-efforts-should-be-made-by-government-to-raise-the-levels-of-haryanavi-films-said-yashpal-sharma-1412626.html|title=हरियाणवी फिल्मों के स्तर को ऊंचा उठाने के लिए सरकार करे प्रयास: यशपाल शर्मा|publisher=News18|access-date=2019-10-30|archive-date=2019-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030083353/https://hindi.news18.com/news/haryana/fatehabad-efforts-should-be-made-by-government-to-raise-the-levels-of-haryanavi-films-said-yashpal-sharma-1412626.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == sandarbh == {{Reflist}} s1rjr1xiy1le753an4ld14fvvumeukn 3 52873 333889 272848 2026-04-02T19:28:27Z Malarz pl 6952 Malarz pl moved panna [[sadasya ke baat:Pius]] se [[sadasya ke baat:Renamed user 49f272ea7255378813e0b1725ed02b8e]] without leaving a redirect: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Pius|Pius]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user 49f272ea7255378813e0b1725ed02b8e|Renamed user 49f272ea7255378813e0b1725ed02b8e]]" 272848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Pius}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 08:16, 28 August 2022 (UTC) 5k3yqh4gar8evmgc6r1ayyxi6dip3oc 0 55551 333864 333682 2026-04-02T17:39:22Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333864 wikitext text/x-wiki Sann AD mein banaya gya aur sann 2023 tak chalayagya gya khatarnak gas phalate hai. Ill kai salo se band kiya gya tha. Sambandh: [[Covid]], [[Japanese Nuclear Gasleak|Japanese Nuclear Leak]], [[Aids]], Plague, [[India]] terrorism, new strains, [[Syria (des)|Syrian]] war, [[Israel Palestine Conflict ke Timeline ke suchi]], [[ODMP]], gun violence archive (close), mega wars. == Related == Close [[vibhag:G]] 6rvncep06pp5sbvtks66mqo3pshfezb 0 62528 333857 333799 2026-04-02T14:18:21Z ~2026-19873-81 39554 333857 wikitext text/x-wiki Centibillionaire hote hai jinke dhan 100B se upar hua hai. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Rank !Bio !Company !Dhan !Abhi ke dhan !Notes !Rank !Dusra Rank !Sector |- !1 ! ! !857B !810B - 637B !Duniya ke sabse dhani. Dusre dhani rahe hai. !1 !1 !Automotive |- |2 |[[Larry Ellison]] |Oracle |395B |181B - 188B |Duniya ke dusre dhani. |5 |5 |Technology |- |3 |[[Larry Page]] |Alphabet |293B |228B - 237B |Duniya ke dusre dhani. |2 |2 |Technology |- |4 |[[Mark Zuckerberg]] |Meta |277B |181B - 187B |Duniya ke dusre dhani. |6 |6 |Social Media |- |5 |[[Sergey Brin]] |Alphabet |273B |211B - 221B |Tesre dhani |4 |4 |Technology |- |6 | |Amazon |260B |215B - 223B |Duniya ke desre centibillionaire, duniya ke dhani aur dusre dhani. |3 |3 |Online Shopping |- |7 |[[Bernard Arnault]] |LVMH |241B |142B - 150B |Duniya ke sabse dhani. |7 |7 |Luxury Goods |- |8 |[[Steve Ballmer]] |Microsoft |188B |118B - 128B | |13 |15 |Technology |- |9 |[[Jensen Huang]] |Nvidia |185B |146B - 139B | |8 |9 |Technology |- |10 |[[Bill Gates]] |Microsoft |179B |103B - 100B |Pehle centibillionaire. |17 |18 |Technology |- |11 |[[Warren Buffett]] |Berkshire Hathaway |169B |139B - 140B |Duniya ke tesre dhani. |11 |12 |Investments |- |12 |[[Michael Dell]] |Dell |167B |145B - 144B | |9 |8 |Technology |- |13 | | |158B |142B - 143B | |10 |10 |Hypermarkets |- |14 |[[Jim Walton]] |Walmart |155B |139B - 145B | |9 |11 |Hypermarkets |- |15 |[[Alice Walton]] |Walmart |155B |130B - 142B |Duniya ke dusre mahila aur sabse dhani. |11 |13 |Hypermarkets |- |16 |[[Gautam Adani]] |Adani |150B |58B - 72B | |20 |22 |Industries |- |17 |[[Amancio Ortega]] |Inditex |148B |130B - 118B | |12 |14 |Apparel |- |18 |[[Carlos Helu]] |America Movil |131B |120B - 122B | |14 |16 |Telecom |- |19 |[[Mukesh Ambani]] |Reliance |124B |94B - 90B | |18 |19 |Industries |- |20 |[[Changpeng Zhao]] |Binance |113B |111B - 36B | |15 |21 |Trading |- |21 | | |110B |110B | |16 |17 |News |- |22 |[[Francoise Meyeres]] |L'Oreal |101B |88B - 86B |Duniya ke pehli dhani mahila. |19 |20 |Cosmetics |} == Chapa == Duniya ke sabse dhani top rank, gender aur continent se<gallery> file:Alice Walton portrait (cropped).jpg file:LOGO LOREAL GROUPE NOIR.jpg file:Gautam Adani.jpg file:Mukesh Ambani.jpg file:Sergey Brin Ted 2010 (cropped).jpg file:Larry Page in the European Parliament, 17.06.2009.jpg file:Larry Ellison picture.png file:USAFA Hosts Elon Musk (Image 1 of 17) (cropped).jpg file:Bill Gates - 2023 - P062021-967902 (cropped).jpg file:Jeff Bezos (cropped).jpg file:Carlos Slim (45680472234) (cropped).jpg file:Bernard Arnault (2) - 2017 (cropped).jpg </gallery> == Bhaari Jhor == [https://www.forbes.com/real-time-billionaires/ Forbes Real Time] aur [[:en:The_World's_Billionaires|World Billionaires]], Dushyant Bharat Karani [https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/ Bloomberg Billionaires Index], Dushyant Bharat Karani == Related == Alfa Group Consortium Duniya ke dhani [[vibhag:C]] [[vibhag:H]] l3emek8e6qxm6ua6wni9ucj8wwct18l 333858 333857 2026-04-02T14:19:11Z ~2026-19873-81 39554 333858 wikitext text/x-wiki Centibillionaire hote hai jinke dhan 100B se upar hua hai. Nikale gaye vyakti kale dhan ke speculation se jude hai. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Rank !Bio !Company !Dhan !Abhi ke dhan !Notes !Rank !Dusra Rank !Sector |- !1 ! ! !857B !810B - 637B !Duniya ke sabse dhani. Dusre dhani rahe hai. !1 !1 !Automotive |- |2 |[[Larry Ellison]] |Oracle |395B |181B - 188B |Duniya ke dusre dhani. |5 |5 |Technology |- |3 |[[Larry Page]] |Alphabet |293B |228B - 237B |Duniya ke dusre dhani. |2 |2 |Technology |- |4 |[[Mark Zuckerberg]] |Meta |277B |181B - 187B |Duniya ke dusre dhani. |6 |6 |Social Media |- |5 |[[Sergey Brin]] |Alphabet |273B |211B - 221B |Tesre dhani |4 |4 |Technology |- |6 | |Amazon |260B |215B - 223B |Duniya ke desre centibillionaire, duniya ke dhani aur dusre dhani. |3 |3 |Online Shopping |- |7 |[[Bernard Arnault]] |LVMH |241B |142B - 150B |Duniya ke sabse dhani. |7 |7 |Luxury Goods |- |8 |[[Steve Ballmer]] |Microsoft |188B |118B - 128B | |13 |15 |Technology |- |9 |[[Jensen Huang]] |Nvidia |185B |146B - 139B | |8 |9 |Technology |- |10 |[[Bill Gates]] |Microsoft |179B |103B - 100B |Pehle centibillionaire. |17 |18 |Technology |- |11 |[[Warren Buffett]] |Berkshire Hathaway |169B |139B - 140B |Duniya ke tesre dhani. |11 |12 |Investments |- |12 |[[Michael Dell]] |Dell |167B |145B - 144B | |9 |8 |Technology |- |13 | | |158B |142B - 143B | |10 |10 |Hypermarkets |- |14 |[[Jim Walton]] |Walmart |155B |139B - 145B | |9 |11 |Hypermarkets |- |15 |[[Alice Walton]] |Walmart |155B |130B - 142B |Duniya ke dusre mahila aur sabse dhani. |11 |13 |Hypermarkets |- |16 |[[Gautam Adani]] |Adani |150B |58B - 72B | |20 |22 |Industries |- |17 |[[Amancio Ortega]] |Inditex |148B |130B - 118B | |12 |14 |Apparel |- |18 |[[Carlos Helu]] |America Movil |131B |120B - 122B | |14 |16 |Telecom |- |19 |[[Mukesh Ambani]] |Reliance |124B |94B - 90B | |18 |19 |Industries |- |20 |[[Changpeng Zhao]] |Binance |113B |111B - 36B | |15 |21 |Trading |- |21 | | |110B |110B | |16 |17 |News |- |22 |[[Francoise Meyeres]] |L'Oreal |101B |88B - 86B |Duniya ke pehli dhani mahila. |19 |20 |Cosmetics |} == Chapa == Duniya ke sabse dhani top rank, gender aur continent se<gallery> file:Alice Walton portrait (cropped).jpg file:LOGO LOREAL GROUPE NOIR.jpg file:Gautam Adani.jpg file:Mukesh Ambani.jpg file:Sergey Brin Ted 2010 (cropped).jpg file:Larry Page in the European Parliament, 17.06.2009.jpg file:Larry Ellison picture.png file:USAFA Hosts Elon Musk (Image 1 of 17) (cropped).jpg file:Bill Gates - 2023 - P062021-967902 (cropped).jpg file:Jeff Bezos (cropped).jpg file:Carlos Slim (45680472234) (cropped).jpg file:Bernard Arnault (2) - 2017 (cropped).jpg </gallery> == Bhaari Jhor == [https://www.forbes.com/real-time-billionaires/ Forbes Real Time] aur [[:en:The_World's_Billionaires|World Billionaires]], Dushyant Bharat Karani [https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/ Bloomberg Billionaires Index], Dushyant Bharat Karani == Related == Alfa Group Consortium Duniya ke dhani [[vibhag:C]] [[vibhag:H]] 9b0aom9rdm7mjm83wc34640wjok1i4s 333859 333858 2026-04-02T14:19:59Z ~2026-19873-81 39554 333859 wikitext text/x-wiki Centibillionaire hote hai jinke dhan 100B se upar hua hai. Nikale gaye vyakti kale dhan ke speculation se jude hai. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Rank !Bio !Company !Dhan !Abhi ke dhan !Notes !Rank !Dusra Rank !Sector |- !1 ! ! !857B !810B - 637B !Duniya ke sabse dhani. Dusre dhani rahe hai. !1 !1 !Automotive |- |2 |[[Larry Ellison]] |Oracle |395B |181B - 188B |Duniya ke dusre dhani. |5 |5 |Technology |- |3 |[[Larry Page]] |Alphabet |293B |228B - 237B |Duniya ke dusre dhani. |2 |2 |Technology |- |4 |[[Mark Zuckerberg]] |Meta |277B |181B - 187B |Duniya ke dusre dhani. |6 |6 |Social Media |- |5 |[[Sergey Brin]] |Alphabet |273B |211B - 221B |Tesre dhani |4 |4 |Technology |- |6 | | |260B |215B - 223B |Duniya ke desre centibillionaire, duniya ke dhani aur dusre dhani. |3 |3 |Online Shopping |- |7 |[[Bernard Arnault]] |LVMH |241B |142B - 150B |Duniya ke sabse dhani. |7 |7 |Luxury Goods |- |8 |[[Steve Ballmer]] |Microsoft |188B |118B - 128B | |13 |15 |Technology |- |9 |[[Jensen Huang]] |Nvidia |185B |146B - 139B | |8 |9 |Technology |- |10 |[[Bill Gates]] |Microsoft |179B |103B - 100B |Pehle centibillionaire. |17 |18 |Technology |- |11 |[[Warren Buffett]] |Berkshire Hathaway |169B |139B - 140B |Duniya ke tesre dhani. |11 |12 |Investments |- |12 |[[Michael Dell]] |Dell |167B |145B - 144B | |9 |8 |Technology |- |13 | | |158B |142B - 143B | |10 |10 |Hypermarkets |- |14 |[[Jim Walton]] |Walmart |155B |139B - 145B | |9 |11 |Hypermarkets |- |15 |[[Alice Walton]] |Walmart |155B |130B - 142B |Duniya ke dusre mahila aur sabse dhani. |11 |13 |Hypermarkets |- |16 |[[Gautam Adani]] |Adani |150B |58B - 72B | |20 |22 |Industries |- |17 |[[Amancio Ortega]] |Inditex |148B |130B - 118B | |12 |14 |Apparel |- |18 |[[Carlos Helu]] |America Movil |131B |120B - 122B | |14 |16 |Telecom |- |19 |[[Mukesh Ambani]] |Reliance |124B |94B - 90B | |18 |19 |Industries |- |20 |[[Changpeng Zhao]] |Binance |113B |111B - 36B | |15 |21 |Trading |- |21 | | |110B |110B | |16 |17 |News |- |22 |[[Francoise Meyeres]] |L'Oreal |101B |88B - 86B |Duniya ke pehli dhani mahila. |19 |20 |Cosmetics |} == Chapa == Duniya ke sabse dhani top rank, gender aur continent se<gallery> file:Alice Walton portrait (cropped).jpg file:LOGO LOREAL GROUPE NOIR.jpg file:Gautam Adani.jpg file:Mukesh Ambani.jpg file:Sergey Brin Ted 2010 (cropped).jpg file:Larry Page in the European Parliament, 17.06.2009.jpg file:Larry Ellison picture.png file:USAFA Hosts Elon Musk (Image 1 of 17) (cropped).jpg file:Bill Gates - 2023 - P062021-967902 (cropped).jpg file:Jeff Bezos (cropped).jpg file:Carlos Slim (45680472234) (cropped).jpg file:Bernard Arnault (2) - 2017 (cropped).jpg </gallery> == Bhaari Jhor == [https://www.forbes.com/real-time-billionaires/ Forbes Real Time] aur [[:en:The_World's_Billionaires|World Billionaires]], Dushyant Bharat Karani [https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/ Bloomberg Billionaires Index], Dushyant Bharat Karani == Related == Alfa Group Consortium Duniya ke dhani [[vibhag:C]] [[vibhag:H]] fuucl1md6ze674sf5vwsunuumtqranl 333860 333859 2026-04-02T14:21:07Z ~2026-19873-81 39554 /* Chapa */ 333860 wikitext text/x-wiki Centibillionaire hote hai jinke dhan 100B se upar hua hai. Nikale gaye vyakti kale dhan ke speculation se jude hai. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Rank !Bio !Company !Dhan !Abhi ke dhan !Notes !Rank !Dusra Rank !Sector |- !1 ! ! !857B !810B - 637B !Duniya ke sabse dhani. Dusre dhani rahe hai. !1 !1 !Automotive |- |2 |[[Larry Ellison]] |Oracle |395B |181B - 188B |Duniya ke dusre dhani. |5 |5 |Technology |- |3 |[[Larry Page]] |Alphabet |293B |228B - 237B |Duniya ke dusre dhani. |2 |2 |Technology |- |4 |[[Mark Zuckerberg]] |Meta |277B |181B - 187B |Duniya ke dusre dhani. |6 |6 |Social Media |- |5 |[[Sergey Brin]] |Alphabet |273B |211B - 221B |Tesre dhani |4 |4 |Technology |- |6 | | |260B |215B - 223B |Duniya ke desre centibillionaire, duniya ke dhani aur dusre dhani. |3 |3 |Online Shopping |- |7 |[[Bernard Arnault]] |LVMH |241B |142B - 150B |Duniya ke sabse dhani. |7 |7 |Luxury Goods |- |8 |[[Steve Ballmer]] |Microsoft |188B |118B - 128B | |13 |15 |Technology |- |9 |[[Jensen Huang]] |Nvidia |185B |146B - 139B | |8 |9 |Technology |- |10 |[[Bill Gates]] |Microsoft |179B |103B - 100B |Pehle centibillionaire. |17 |18 |Technology |- |11 |[[Warren Buffett]] |Berkshire Hathaway |169B |139B - 140B |Duniya ke tesre dhani. |11 |12 |Investments |- |12 |[[Michael Dell]] |Dell |167B |145B - 144B | |9 |8 |Technology |- |13 | | |158B |142B - 143B | |10 |10 |Hypermarkets |- |14 |[[Jim Walton]] |Walmart |155B |139B - 145B | |9 |11 |Hypermarkets |- |15 |[[Alice Walton]] |Walmart |155B |130B - 142B |Duniya ke dusre mahila aur sabse dhani. |11 |13 |Hypermarkets |- |16 |[[Gautam Adani]] |Adani |150B |58B - 72B | |20 |22 |Industries |- |17 |[[Amancio Ortega]] |Inditex |148B |130B - 118B | |12 |14 |Apparel |- |18 |[[Carlos Helu]] |America Movil |131B |120B - 122B | |14 |16 |Telecom |- |19 |[[Mukesh Ambani]] |Reliance |124B |94B - 90B | |18 |19 |Industries |- |20 |[[Changpeng Zhao]] |Binance |113B |111B - 36B | |15 |21 |Trading |- |21 | | |110B |110B | |16 |17 |News |- |22 |[[Francoise Meyeres]] |L'Oreal |101B |88B - 86B |Duniya ke pehli dhani mahila. |19 |20 |Cosmetics |} == Chapa == Duniya ke sabse dhani top rank, gender aur continent se<gallery> file:Alice Walton portrait (cropped).jpg file:LOGO LOREAL GROUPE NOIR.jpg file:Gautam Adani.jpg file:Mukesh Ambani.jpg file:Sergey Brin Ted 2010 (cropped).jpg file:Larry Page in the European Parliament, 17.06.2009.jpg file:Larry Ellison picture.png file:Bill Gates - 2023 - P062021-967902 (cropped).jpg file:Carlos Slim (45680472234) (cropped).jpg file:Bernard Arnault (2) - 2017 (cropped).jpg </gallery> == Bhaari Jhor == [https://www.forbes.com/real-time-billionaires/ Forbes Real Time] aur [[:en:The_World's_Billionaires|World Billionaires]], Dushyant Bharat Karani [https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/ Bloomberg Billionaires Index], Dushyant Bharat Karani == Related == Alfa Group Consortium Duniya ke dhani [[vibhag:C]] [[vibhag:H]] 56r2iqdpaqlnbgc27uoawsbqv6smzy4 0 67854 333901 331988 2026-04-03T00:49:35Z ~2026-19770-47 39550 333901 wikitext text/x-wiki Katherine Knight ek Austrlian man slaughter the jo cannibal jaise the. Li Australia ke jail mein hai == Li bhi dekho == list of cannibals List of torturers and poisoners Blacklisted == Li bhi dekho == Child Molestation Corruption Ken Knight UK military Armin Meiwes Issei Sagawa Nikolai Dzhumagaliev Omaima Nelson Rick Gibson Aghori Li bhi dekho Child Molestation Corruption Ken Knight UK military Armin Meiwes Issei Sagawa Nikolai Dzhumagaliev Omaima Nelson Rick Gibson Aghori 2000s Igor Churasov and Gennady Shurmanov Zhu Yu Armin Meiwes Marc Sappington Anatoly Kondratyev Denis and Evgenyi Gorin Yoo Young-chul Volodymyr Dovgy Peter Bryan Surinder Koli Marco Evaristti Özgür Dengiz Anthony Morley Angelo Mendoza Alexander Bychkov 2010s Stephen Griffiths Isakin Jonsson Arif Ali and Farman Ali Matej Čurko Mao Sugiyama Jieming Liu Jun Lin American Alexander Kinyua cannibal Zhang Yongming Abu Sakkar Italian Lino Renzi Dmitry Malyshev Matthew Williams Mexican La Familia Michoacana and Knights Templar cartels Rudi Efendi and his wife Nuriah Zahid Zaman and Ann Corbett Stefano Brizzi Austin Harrouff Aghori Hindu Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano Eduard Seleznev Marius Gustavson Alberto Sánchez Gómez 2020s Jason Thornburg Florentina Holzinger Đoàn Văn Sáng Peter Sutcliffe [[vibhag:K]] [[vibhag:M]] 2c0fldo6meu8nehw1fbug23c9moalum 0 67948 333912 332472 2026-04-03T06:25:01Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 333912 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shakchunni.jpg|thumb]] '''Shakchunni''' [[Bengali]] lokkatha me ek aurat ke [[bhoot]] hai, jo aam taur par [[Bangladesh]] aur [[West Bengal]] me kahaniyon me dikhai deti hai. Ee shabd married [[Hindu]] aurat ke spirit ke liye use hota hai, jiske maut married state me hui ho (matlab apne pati se pehle).<ref name="News18">{{Cite web |url=https://bengali.news18.com/photogallery/off-beat/bhoot-chaturdashi-different-types-of-bengali-ghosts-ac-524479.html |title=Shakchunni, Brahmadaitya or Mamdo — who are they? |website=News18 Bangla |date=12 November 2020 |access-date=20 August 2024 |language=bn |archive-date=20 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820073932/https://bengali.news18.com/photogallery/off-beat/bhoot-chaturdashi-different-types-of-bengali-ghosts-ac-524479.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Shabd aur Arth == Shakchunni shabd Sanskrit word ''Shankhchurni'' se aail hai. Bengali Hindu tradition me, married aurat log shankh bangles aur sindoor pehenti hai. Ee maana jawe hai ki maut ke baad bhi Shakchunni ee cheez dharati hai, jo uska married life ke attachment ke darshawat hai.<ref name="DailyStar">{{Cite web |url=https://bangla.thedailystar.net/literature/news-385841 |title=Ghosts in Bengali literature |website=The Daily Star Bangla |date=24 August 2022 |access-date=20 August 2024 |language=bn}}</ref> == Utpatti aur Lokkatha == Kahani ke hisab se, Shakchunni ek married aurat ke spirit hai, jiske maut ke waqt ghar ke kaam aur family ke iccha adhoori rah jaati hai. Ee aksar marital happiness aur home life ke ichha me dikhai deti hai. Ee married aurat, khaaskar rich family ke aurat par apna influence rakhti hai ya unke upar effect dalti hai, taki wo aise experience dobara feel kar sake. Shakchunni ke kahaniyan traditional Bengali lokkatha me milti hai, jaise ''Thakurmar Jhuli'' ke collection me. Kayi kahani me ek ojha ya priest aake uska spirit ko defeat ya nikal deta hai.<ref name="News18" /> == Shakl aur Rang == Shakchunni ke aksar green color ke skin ke bataya jata hai, jaise patta sabji ke rang. Bengali lokkatha me dusre bhooton ki tarah, ee patli aur dubli dikhai deti hai. Ee married Bengali aurat ke traditional red aur white sari pehenti hai, shankh bangles aur sindoor matha par lagati hai. Bhoot hone ke bawajood, ee apne appearance aur decoration ke prati aware rahati hai.<ref name="Anandabazar">{{Cite web |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/ananda-utsav/durgotsav-gallery/kali-puja-2022-different-kind-of-ghosts-and-their-significant-in-bengali-culture-dgtl-photogallery/cid/1377106 |title=Different types of ghosts in Bengali culture |website=Anandabazar.com |date=15 October 2022 |access-date=20 August 2024 |language=bn}}</ref> == Visheshata == Shakchunni ke aksar machhli pasand bataya jata hai, jo Bengal me married aurat ke liye culturally important food hai. Traditional belief ke hisab se, married aurat log apne pati ke health aur long life ke liye machhli khate the. Shakchunni ke machhli khaye ke ichha marital life me wapas aane ke desire ke symbol hai. Lokkatha me ee bat ke alag-alag opinion hai ki kaunsi type ke machhli—raw, fry, grill ya rotten—usko pasand hai. Ee log apne ghar ke aas-pass gobar ka pani chhidkte hai aur kuch special ped, khaaskar Streblus Asper (Sheora) aur aam ke ped me base karte hai. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bengali culture]] [[Category:Folklore]] [[Category:Ghosts]] th2fpis0ioqjh7q7tbahninqt3weusv 0 68382 333861 333848 2026-04-02T16:16:07Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333861 wikitext text/x-wiki Gulf se shuru ki gais war 2026 mein. US aur Israel bhi isme shamil hai. US, Israel aur Gulf Countries, Iran aur Hezbollah jaise log ke khilaf. Li jung Iran ke 2025 massacres jisme 35 hazar log mare gaye aur Iran ke 2026 protests ke baad. Iran ke leaders aur generals bhi mare gaye hai. Qaseem Soleimani (jinpe 25 million USD ke bounty the) ke mauth ke baad Iran aur US ke beech jung hua tha, aur Israel tensions Palestine aur Syria se bhi hua tha, Israel Syria Invasion aur Palestine ke famine se jude hai. Police brutality mein koi admi Gulf mein mar gya tha, kais log ghayal hue. Shuruad mein kai log aur bacche Iran mein mare gaye the aur li war ek mahine ke upar chala gya tha. UAE aur Qatar mein kai zyada hamle hue hai, US aur Israel ko target karke Gulf mein. Baad mein Lebanon mein jung shuru kia gaya tha. 200 billion USD ke nukshaan hua. Close [[vibhag:I]] th6vjcrvxashc4du6ixnghi52x7aymg 333862 333861 2026-04-02T16:18:04Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333862 wikitext text/x-wiki Gulf se shuru ki gais war 2026 mein. US aur Israel bhi isme shamil hai. US, Israel aur Gulf Countries, Iran aur Hezbollah jaise log ke khilaf. Li jung Iran ke 2025 massacres jisme 35 hazar log mare gaye aur Iran ke 2026 protests ke baad. Iran ke leaders aur generals bhi mare gaye hai. Qaseem Soleimani (jinpe 25 million USD ke bounty the) ke mauth ke baad Iran aur US ke beech jung hua tha, aur Israel tensions Palestine aur Syria se bhi hua tha, Israel Syria Invasion aur Palestine ke famine se jude hai. Police brutality mein koi admi Gulf mein mar gya tha, kais log ghayal hue. Shuruad mein kai log aur bacche Iran mein mare gaye the aur li war ek mahine ke upar chala gya tha. UAE aur Qatar mein kai zyada hamle hue hai, US aur Israel ko target karke Gulf mein. Baad mein Lebanon mein jung shuru kia gaya tha. 200 billion USD se nukshaan hua. Close [[vibhag:I]] 1u4sdznqzae4wyh2t3gi95rbhwdjfv3 3 68537 333856 2026-04-02T13:51:44Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page 333856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=WoodElf}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 13:51, 2 Aprel 2026 (UTC) 407lfp6li27t0cz46pehatrvmweskem 0 68538 333863 2026-04-02T17:38:50Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 Panna jisme "Police brutality kai desho mein hota hai. Close == Li bhi dekho == [[Gas Chamber]]" hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 333863 wikitext text/x-wiki Police brutality kai desho mein hota hai. Close == Li bhi dekho == [[Gas Chamber]] e5c489l8ofanhw46iuyaur12gwf7cqd 333865 333863 2026-04-02T17:50:24Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333865 wikitext text/x-wiki Police brutality kai desho mein hota hai. Close == Li bhi dekho == [[Gas Chamber]] List of police organisations and worlds largest political parties brmxub5u4gxzo6gy9pc3n0kixlt9ipn 333866 333865 2026-04-02T17:52:02Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333866 wikitext text/x-wiki Police brutality kai desho mein hota hai. Close == Li bhi dekho == [[Gas Chamber]] [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], [[Central Bureau of Investigation|Central Buearu of Investigation]] List of police organisations and worlds largest political parties irr1hszd5mrij4xpol5wx0cty1iivsm 0 68539 333867 2026-04-02T17:56:21Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 Panna jisme "li ek art thief rahe hai aur kai salo se burglary maujud hai." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 333867 wikitext text/x-wiki li ek art thief rahe hai aur kai salo se burglary maujud hai. o7qvjw24tl1xel7ixkzph91619jzkpb 333868 333867 2026-04-02T17:57:28Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333868 wikitext text/x-wiki li ek art thief rahe hai aur kai salo se burglary maujud hai. [[vibhag:S]] [[vibhag:K]] 6ehtmzsgvjn2b5n4s7mcyzj0knonwhq 333879 333868 2026-04-02T18:46:36Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333879 wikitext text/x-wiki li ek art thief rahe hai aur kai salo se burglary maujud hai. == Related == S. Koli [[vibhag:S]] [[vibhag:K]] fqw0xm4ra7o3glbzqq9g19oqhexhs5e 333880 333879 2026-04-02T18:47:27Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333880 wikitext text/x-wiki li ek art thief rahe hai aur kai salo se burglary maujud hai. == Related == S. Koli Shukla [[vibhag:S]] [[vibhag:K]] 73inxxker293qjdtsnu7lvr1lofwf2c 333890 333880 2026-04-02T19:29:12Z ~2026-19873-81 39554 /* Related */ 333890 wikitext text/x-wiki li ek art thief rahe hai aur kai salo se burglary maujud hai. == Related == S. Koli P. Kalani Shukla [[vibhag:S]] [[vibhag:K]] 875iok2k88o8oedyk98rhtc2erjc4jx 0 68540 333869 2026-04-02T18:09:13Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 Panna jisme "li sab nuksaan karne ke chese hai jo duniya ko nuksaan pahucha sakta hai. Slave Trader Gas Chamber Genocide Crimes [[vibhag:A]]" hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 333869 wikitext text/x-wiki li sab nuksaan karne ke chese hai jo duniya ko nuksaan pahucha sakta hai. Slave Trader Gas Chamber Genocide Crimes [[vibhag:A]] hyvgqi9s48dgul2alq3hf4kebnqq2zf 333870 333869 2026-04-02T18:09:50Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333870 wikitext text/x-wiki li sab nuksaan karne ke chese hai jo duniya ko nuksaan pahucha sakta hai. Slave Trader Gas Chamber Genocide Crimes Dark Web [[vibhag:A]] 2hrhjsc1g8lfn6irx8pgi04xpqgmuwp 333871 333870 2026-04-02T18:10:16Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333871 wikitext text/x-wiki li sab nuksaan karne ke chese hai jo duniya ko nuksaan pahucha sakta hai. Slave Trader Gas Chamber Genocide Crimes Dark Web Wars [[vibhag:A]] r27r2ai2z70k6od0qfkt9wmd2ou0la4 333872 333871 2026-04-02T18:15:53Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333872 wikitext text/x-wiki li sab nuksaan karne ke chese hai jo duniya ko nuksaan pahucha sakta hai. Slave Trader Gas Chamber Genocide Crimes Dark Web Wars Cannibals [[vibhag:A]] f6agn4ik6kec694wafo5agql9qjagj9 333873 333872 2026-04-02T18:26:29Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333873 wikitext text/x-wiki li sab nuksaan karne ke chese hai jo duniya ko nuksaan pahucha sakta hai. Slave Trader Gas Chamber Genocide Crimes Dark Web Wars Cannibals Danger Extreme deadly weather condition [[vibhag:A]] avcugecak72c5j62nd9p9pevpkf6k4s 333881 333873 2026-04-02T18:48:07Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333881 wikitext text/x-wiki li sab nuksaan karne ke chese hai jo duniya ko nuksaan pahucha sakta hai. Slave Trader Gas Chamber Genocide Crimes Dark Web Wars Cannibals Danger Extreme deadly weather condition Torture [[vibhag:A]] l8pctdch7013tuw0h60o8bknu2jexww 333882 333881 2026-04-02T18:50:32Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333882 wikitext text/x-wiki li sab nuksaan karne ke chese hai jo duniya ko nuksaan pahucha sakta hai. Slave Trader Gas Chamber Genocide Crimes Dark Web Wars Cannibals Danger Extreme deadly weather condition Torture == related == Sexual Tensions [[vibhag:A]] noc3qnmi6znl2dfbokwnylt3t504qli 333883 333882 2026-04-02T18:58:45Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333883 wikitext text/x-wiki li sab nuksaan karne ke chese hai jo duniya ko nuksaan pahucha sakta hai. Slave Trader Gas Chamber Genocide Crimes Dark Web Wars Cannibals Danger Extreme deadly weather condition Torture Abusive == related == Sexual Tensions [[vibhag:A]] q46aw1symm0p32l8deud3e4snwzipx0 333884 333883 2026-04-02T18:59:17Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333884 wikitext text/x-wiki li sab nuksaan karne ke chese hai jo duniya ko nuksaan pahucha sakta hai. Slave Trader Gas Chamber Genocide Crimes Dark Web Wars Cannibals Danger Extreme deadly weather condition Torture Abusive Corruption == related == Sexual Tensions [[vibhag:A]] j6turvp8jukt88v7u75l48326myhdqt 333885 333884 2026-04-02T19:00:10Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333885 wikitext text/x-wiki li sab nuksaan karne ke chese hai jo duniya ko nuksaan pahucha sakta hai. Slave Trader Gas Chamber Genocide Crimes Dark Web Wars Cannibals Danger Extreme deadly weather condition Torture Abusive Corruption Poisoning == related == Sexual Tensions [[vibhag:A]] bpaxnbvicwdl54nkm0gun1tqa243n83 333886 333885 2026-04-02T19:02:20Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333886 wikitext text/x-wiki li sab nuksaan karne ke chese hai jo duniya ko nuksaan pahucha sakta hai. Slave Trader Gas Chamber Genocide Crimes (more) Dark Web Wars Cannibals Danger Extreme deadly weather condition Torture Abusive Corruption Poisoning == related == Sexual Tensions [[vibhag:A]] r05vtgawlegns1lg3it8hvw982k0fuc 333887 333886 2026-04-02T19:04:35Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333887 wikitext text/x-wiki li sab nuksaan karne ke chese hai jo duniya ko nuksaan pahucha sakta hai. Slave Trader Gas Chamber Genocide Plague aur pandemics Crimes (more) Dark Web Wars Cannibals Danger Extreme deadly weather condition Torture Abusive Corruption Poisoning == related == Sexual Tensions [[vibhag:A]] 841rq59uljr4ot5wpt4ndcgpf2dbrqg 333888 333887 2026-04-02T19:05:42Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 /* related */ 333888 wikitext text/x-wiki li sab nuksaan karne ke chese hai jo duniya ko nuksaan pahucha sakta hai. Slave Trader Gas Chamber Genocide Plague aur pandemics Crimes (more) Dark Web Wars Cannibals Danger Extreme deadly weather condition Torture Abusive Corruption Poisoning == related == Sexual Tensions (eg. Miscarriage, Homosexuality) [[vibhag:A]] lxurgb0jv6n01r7fe5hp3fzp4u5rkx3 333892 333888 2026-04-02T19:44:33Z ~2026-19873-81 39554 333892 wikitext text/x-wiki li sab nuksaan karne ke chese hai jo duniya ko nuksaan pahucha sakta hai. Slave Trader Gas Chamber Genocide Plague aur pandemics Crimes (more) Terrorism Extremism Dark Web Wars Cannibals Danger Extreme deadly weather condition Torture Abusive Corruption Poisoning == related == Sexual Tensions (eg. Miscarriage, Homosexuality) [[vibhag:A]] fatx068it63xluryvc2jne32whnnpl3 333893 333892 2026-04-02T19:44:53Z ~2026-19873-81 39554 333893 wikitext text/x-wiki li sab nuksaan karne ke chese hai jo duniya ko nuksaan pahucha sakta hai. Slave Trader Gas Chamber Genocide Plague aur pandemics Crimes (more, organisations) Terrorism Extremism Dark Web Wars Cannibals Danger Extreme deadly weather condition Torture Abusive Corruption Poisoning == related == Sexual Tensions (eg. Miscarriage, Homosexuality) [[vibhag:A]] mr43oemm9izzjfp4wl5i6wubvhlcm84 3 68541 333874 2026-04-02T18:40:31Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page 333874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=DKTHOM}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 18:40, 2 Aprel 2026 (UTC) oqx4ip4axwomdutabgywev1c7bi0266 0 68542 333875 2026-04-02T18:43:45Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 Panna jisme " === Summer Games === {| class="wikitable" !Games !Athletes !Gold !Silver !Bronze !Total !Rank |- | colspan="7" |''Participation as  British India'' |- | align="left" | 1896 Athens | colspan="6" rowspan="1" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1900 Paris |1 |0 |'''2''' |0 |'''2''' |19 |- | align="left" | 1904 St. Louis | colspan="6" rowspan="3" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1908 London |- | align="left" | 1912 Stockholm |- |..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 333875 wikitext text/x-wiki === Summer Games === {| class="wikitable" !Games !Athletes !Gold !Silver !Bronze !Total !Rank |- | colspan="7" |''Participation as  British India'' |- | align="left" | 1896 Athens | colspan="6" rowspan="1" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1900 Paris |1 |0 |'''2''' |0 |'''2''' |19 |- | align="left" | 1904 St. Louis | colspan="6" rowspan="3" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1908 London |- | align="left" | 1912 Stockholm |- | align="left" | 1920 Antwerp |6 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1924 Paris |14 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1928 Amsterdam |21 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |23 |- | align="left" | 1932 Los Angeles |20 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |19 |- | align="left" | 1936 Berlin |27 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |20 |- | colspan="7" |''Participation as  India'' |- | align="left" | 1948 London |79 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |22 |- | align="left" | 1952 Helsinki |64 |'''1''' |0 |1 |'''2''' |26 |- | align="left" | 1956 Melbourne |59 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |24 |- | align="left" | 1960 Rome |45 |0 |1 |0 |'''1''' |32 |- | align="left" | 1964 Tokyo |53 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |24 |- | align="left" | 1968 Mexico City |25 |0 |0 |1 |'''1''' |42 |- | align="left" | 1972 Munich |41 |0 |0 |1 |'''1''' |43 |- | align="left" | 1976 Montreal |20 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1980 Moscow |76 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |23 |- | align="left" | 1984 Los Angeles |48 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1988 Seoul |46 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1992 Barcelona |53 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1996 Atlanta |49 |0 |0 |1 |'''1''' |71 |- | align="left" | 2000 Sydney |65 |0 |0 |1 |'''1''' |71 |- | align="left" | 2004 Athens |73 |0 |1 |0 |'''1''' |65 |- | align="left" | 2008 Beijing |56 |'''1''' |0 |2 |'''3''' |50 |- | align="left" | 2012 London |83 |0 |'''2''' |4 |'''6''' |55 |- | align="left" | 2016 Rio de Janeiro |117 |0 |1 |1 |'''2''' |67 |- | align="left" | 2020 Tokyo |'''119''' |'''1''' |'''2''' |4 |'''7''' |48 |- | align="left" | 2024 Paris |110 |0 |1 |'''5''' |'''6''' |71 |- | align="left" | 2028 Los Angeles | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |''Future event'' |- | align="left" | 2032 Brisbane |- !Total (26/30) !1,370 !10 !10 !21 !41 !58 |} === Winter Games === {| class="wikitable" !Games !Athletes !Gold !Silver !Bronze !Total !Rank |- | align="center" |1924–1960 | colspan="6" rowspan="1" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1964 Innsbruck |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1968 Grenoble |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="center" |1972–1984 | colspan="6" rowspan="1" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1988 Calgary |3 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1992 Albertville |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1994 Lillehammer | colspan="6" rowspan="1" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1998 Nagano |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2002 Salt Lake City |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2006 Turin |'''4''' |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2010 Vancouver |3 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2014 Sochi |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2018 Pyeongchang |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2022 Beijing |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2026 Milano Cortina |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2030 French Alps | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |''Future event'' |- | align="left" | 2034 Utah |- !Total (12/25) !23 !0 !0 !0 !0 !– |} == Medals by sport == ffzvytpgy2zwx8gi8njniuug02a55rr 333876 333875 2026-04-02T18:44:20Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333876 wikitext text/x-wiki === Summer Games === {| class="wikitable" !Games !Athletes !Gold !Silver !Bronze !Total !Rank |- | colspan="7" |''Participation as  British India'' |- | align="left" | 1896 Athens | colspan="6" rowspan="1" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1900 Paris |1 |0 |'''2''' |0 |'''2''' |19 |- | align="left" | 1904 St. Louis | colspan="6" rowspan="3" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1908 London |- | align="left" | 1912 Stockholm |- | align="left" | 1920 Antwerp |6 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1924 Paris |14 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1928 Amsterdam |21 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |23 |- | align="left" | 1932 Los Angeles |20 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |19 |- | align="left" | 1936 Berlin |27 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |20 |- | colspan="7" |''Participation as  India'' |- | align="left" | 1948 London |79 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |22 |- | align="left" | 1952 Helsinki |64 |'''1''' |0 |1 |'''2''' |26 |- | align="left" | 1956 Melbourne |59 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |24 |- | align="left" | 1960 Rome |45 |0 |1 |0 |'''1''' |32 |- | align="left" | 1964 Tokyo |53 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |24 |- | align="left" | 1968 Mexico City |25 |0 |0 |1 |'''1''' |42 |- | align="left" | 1972 Munich |41 |0 |0 |1 |'''1''' |43 |- | align="left" | 1976 Montreal |20 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1980 Moscow |76 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |23 |- | align="left" | 1984 Los Angeles |48 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1988 Seoul |46 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1992 Barcelona |53 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1996 Atlanta |49 |0 |0 |1 |'''1''' |71 |- | align="left" | 2000 Sydney |65 |0 |0 |1 |'''1''' |71 |- | align="left" | 2004 Athens |73 |0 |1 |0 |'''1''' |65 |- | align="left" | 2008 Beijing |56 |'''1''' |0 |2 |'''3''' |50 |- | align="left" | 2012 London |83 |0 |'''2''' |4 |'''6''' |55 |- | align="left" | 2016 Rio de Janeiro |117 |0 |1 |1 |'''2''' |67 |- | align="left" | 2020 Tokyo |'''119''' |'''1''' |'''2''' |4 |'''7''' |48 |- | align="left" | 2024 Paris |110 |0 |1 |'''5''' |'''6''' |71 |- | align="left" | 2028 Los Angeles | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |''Future event'' |- | align="left" | 2032 Brisbane |- !Total (26/30) !1,370 !10 !10 !21 !41 !58 |} === Winter Games === {| class="wikitable" !Games !Athletes !Gold !Silver !Bronze !Total !Rank |- | align="center" |1924–1960 | colspan="6" rowspan="1" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1964 Innsbruck |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1968 Grenoble |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="center" |1972–1984 | colspan="6" rowspan="1" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1988 Calgary |3 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1992 Albertville |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1994 Lillehammer | colspan="6" rowspan="1" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1998 Nagano |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2002 Salt Lake City |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2006 Turin |'''4''' |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2010 Vancouver |3 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2014 Sochi |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2018 Pyeongchang |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2022 Beijing |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2026 Milano Cortina |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2030 French Alps | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |''Future event'' |- | align="left" | 2034 Utah |- !Total (12/25) !23 !0 !0 !0 !0 !– |} [[vibhag:I]] [[vibhag:O]] onesth2mo979m54w98ddr325kkbt99u 333877 333876 2026-04-02T18:44:42Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333877 wikitext text/x-wiki India ke medal table === Summer Games === {| class="wikitable" !Games !Athletes !Gold !Silver !Bronze !Total !Rank |- | colspan="7" |''Participation as  British India'' |- | align="left" | 1896 Athens | colspan="6" rowspan="1" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1900 Paris |1 |0 |'''2''' |0 |'''2''' |19 |- | align="left" | 1904 St. Louis | colspan="6" rowspan="3" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1908 London |- | align="left" | 1912 Stockholm |- | align="left" | 1920 Antwerp |6 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1924 Paris |14 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1928 Amsterdam |21 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |23 |- | align="left" | 1932 Los Angeles |20 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |19 |- | align="left" | 1936 Berlin |27 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |20 |- | colspan="7" |''Participation as  India'' |- | align="left" | 1948 London |79 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |22 |- | align="left" | 1952 Helsinki |64 |'''1''' |0 |1 |'''2''' |26 |- | align="left" | 1956 Melbourne |59 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |24 |- | align="left" | 1960 Rome |45 |0 |1 |0 |'''1''' |32 |- | align="left" | 1964 Tokyo |53 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |24 |- | align="left" | 1968 Mexico City |25 |0 |0 |1 |'''1''' |42 |- | align="left" | 1972 Munich |41 |0 |0 |1 |'''1''' |43 |- | align="left" | 1976 Montreal |20 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1980 Moscow |76 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |23 |- | align="left" | 1984 Los Angeles |48 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1988 Seoul |46 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1992 Barcelona |53 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1996 Atlanta |49 |0 |0 |1 |'''1''' |71 |- | align="left" | 2000 Sydney |65 |0 |0 |1 |'''1''' |71 |- | align="left" | 2004 Athens |73 |0 |1 |0 |'''1''' |65 |- | align="left" | 2008 Beijing |56 |'''1''' |0 |2 |'''3''' |50 |- | align="left" | 2012 London |83 |0 |'''2''' |4 |'''6''' |55 |- | align="left" | 2016 Rio de Janeiro |117 |0 |1 |1 |'''2''' |67 |- | align="left" | 2020 Tokyo |'''119''' |'''1''' |'''2''' |4 |'''7''' |48 |- | align="left" | 2024 Paris |110 |0 |1 |'''5''' |'''6''' |71 |- | align="left" | 2028 Los Angeles | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |''Future event'' |- | align="left" | 2032 Brisbane |- !Total (26/30) !1,370 !10 !10 !21 !41 !58 |} === Winter Games === {| class="wikitable" !Games !Athletes !Gold !Silver !Bronze !Total !Rank |- | align="center" |1924–1960 | colspan="6" rowspan="1" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1964 Innsbruck |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1968 Grenoble |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="center" |1972–1984 | colspan="6" rowspan="1" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1988 Calgary |3 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1992 Albertville |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1994 Lillehammer | colspan="6" rowspan="1" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1998 Nagano |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2002 Salt Lake City |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2006 Turin |'''4''' |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2010 Vancouver |3 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2014 Sochi |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2018 Pyeongchang |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2022 Beijing |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2026 Milano Cortina |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2030 French Alps | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |''Future event'' |- | align="left" | 2034 Utah |- !Total (12/25) !23 !0 !0 !0 !0 !– |} [[vibhag:I]] [[vibhag:O]] ir7bvz3kc2nogug0vgpeoc2wv9a6313 333878 333877 2026-04-02T18:45:42Z ~2026-20363-85 39579 333878 wikitext text/x-wiki India ke medal table === Summer Games === {| class="wikitable" !Games !Athletes !Gold !Silver !Bronze !Total !Rank |- | colspan="7" |''Participation as  British India'' |- | align="left" | 1896 Athens | colspan="6" rowspan="1" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1900 Paris |1 |0 |'''2''' |0 |'''2''' |19 |- | align="left" | 1904 St. Louis | colspan="6" rowspan="3" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1908 London |- | align="left" | 1912 Stockholm |- | align="left" | 1920 Antwerp |6 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1924 Paris |14 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1928 Amsterdam |21 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |23 |- | align="left" | 1932 Los Angeles |20 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |19 |- | align="left" | 1936 Berlin |27 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |20 |- | colspan="7" |''Participation as  India'' |- | align="left" | 1948 London |79 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |22 |- | align="left" | 1952 Helsinki |64 |'''1''' |0 |1 |'''2''' |26 |- | align="left" | 1956 Melbourne |59 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |24 |- | align="left" | 1960 Rome |45 |0 |1 |0 |'''1''' |32 |- | align="left" | 1964 Tokyo |53 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |24 |- | align="left" | 1968 Mexico City |25 |0 |0 |1 |'''1''' |42 |- | align="left" | 1972 Munich |41 |0 |0 |1 |'''1''' |43 |- | align="left" | 1976 Montreal |20 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1980 Moscow |76 |'''1''' |0 |0 |'''1''' |23 |- | align="left" | 1984 Los Angeles |48 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1988 Seoul |46 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1992 Barcelona |53 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1996 Atlanta |49 |0 |0 |1 |'''1''' |71 |- | align="left" | 2000 Sydney |65 |0 |0 |1 |'''1''' |71 |- | align="left" | 2004 Athens |73 |0 |1 |0 |'''1''' |65 |- | align="left" | 2008 Beijing |56 |'''1''' |0 |2 |'''3''' |50 |- | align="left" | 2012 London |83 |0 |'''2''' |4 |'''6''' |55 |- | align="left" | 2016 Rio de Janeiro |117 |0 |1 |1 |'''2''' |67 |- | align="left" | 2020 Tokyo |'''119''' |'''1''' |'''2''' |4 |'''7''' |48 |- | align="left" | 2024 Paris |110 |0 |1 |'''5''' |'''6''' |71 |- | align="left" | 2028 Los Angeles | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |''Future event'' |- | align="left" | 2032 Brisbane |- !Total (26/30) !1,370 !10 !10 !21 !41 !58 |} === Winter Games === {| class="wikitable" !Games !Athletes !Gold !Silver !Bronze !Total !Rank |- | align="center" |1924–1960 | colspan="6" rowspan="1" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1964 Innsbruck |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1968 Grenoble |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="center" |1972–1984 | colspan="6" rowspan="1" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1988 Calgary |3 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1992 Albertville |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 1994 Lillehammer | colspan="6" rowspan="1" |''Did not participate'' |- | align="left" | 1998 Nagano |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2002 Salt Lake City |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2006 Turin |'''4''' |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2010 Vancouver |3 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2014 Sochi |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2018 Pyeongchang |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2022 Beijing |1 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2026 Milano Cortina |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''0''' |– |- | align="left" | 2030 French Alps | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |''Future event'' |- | align="left" | 2034 Utah |- !Total (12/25) !23 !0 !0 !0 !0 !– |} == References == Dushyant Karani [[vibhag:I]] [[vibhag:O]] dz779u4fcqd8v9jfhpvr13xcpibmo3j 3 68543 333895 2026-04-02T22:33:56Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page 333895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Rice2422}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 22:33, 2 Aprel 2026 (UTC) ia68v71s5af903diyncgtk348getwkz 3 68544 333897 2026-04-03T00:02:47Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page 333897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=NTAC1}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 00:02, 3 Aprel 2026 (UTC) luvfaadeaa5mzizbaqb2asc2eqe9cr6 3 68545 333898 2026-04-03T00:09:53Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page 333898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Iamnotcapableofthis}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 00:09, 3 Aprel 2026 (UTC) qfq6g21ziey7yw32zgugxhye7ji97dv 3 68546 333909 2026-04-03T02:04:47Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page 333909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Emcgonigle}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 02:04, 3 Aprel 2026 (UTC) agp80msi09rjyma41k888baaompj5lw 3 68547 333916 2026-04-03T09:19:17Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page 333916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Nandanmwikipedia}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 09:19, 3 Aprel 2026 (UTC) 38m54t4jh8zq2yu8k2y0f31rs8ut04w 3 68548 333917 2026-04-03T10:22:57Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page 333917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Parilahare}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 10:22, 3 Aprel 2026 (UTC) hsdrydhugu0ltjrtza5l5mykkxn0m6v 3 68549 333919 2026-04-03T11:12:20Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page 333919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=ThibaultCavalier}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 11:12, 3 Aprel 2026 (UTC) 3qewza9torepdb7dpsj0yylglx711h7