Association of Southeast Asian Nations

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| name                   = {{collapsible list
 | titlestyle = text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:84%;
 | title = {{resize|1.25em|Association of Southeast Asian Nations}}
 | {{Infobox |subbox=yes |bodystyle=font-size:77%;font-weight:normal;
   | rowclass1 = mergedrow | label1 = [[Burmese language|Burmese]]: | data1 = {{lang|my|အရှေ့တောင်အာရှနိုင်ငံများအသင်း}}{{br}}&lt;small&gt;''aashaetaungaarsh ninenganmyarr aahpwal''&lt;/small&gt;
   | rowclass2 = mergedrow | label2 = [[Filipino language|Filipino]]: | data2 = {{lang|tl|Samahan ng mga Bansa sa Timog-silangang Asya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ang Saligang Batas ng ASEAN|trans-title=The ASEAN Charter|url=http://www.asean.org/storage/images/archive/AC-Philippines.pdf|publisher=Association of Southeast Asian Nations|access-date=10 January 2018|language=fil|archive-date=10 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110174642/http://www.asean.org/storage/images/archive/AC-Philippines.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
   | rowclass4 = mergedrow | label4 = [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]: | data4 = {{lang|id|Perhimpunan Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tenggara}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Piagam Perhimpunan Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tenggara|trans-title=The ASEAN Charter|url=http://www.asean.org/storage/images/archive/AC-Indonesia.pdf|publisher=Association of Southeast Asian Nations|access-date=10 January 2018|language=id|archive-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215070010/http://www.asean.org/storage/images/archive/AC-Indonesia.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
   | rowclass5 = mergedrow | label5 = [[Khmer language|Khmer]]: | data5 = {{lang|km|សមាគមប្រជាជាតិអាស៊ីអាគ្នេយ៍}}{{br}}&lt;small&gt;''Samakom Pracheacheat Asi Akne''&lt;/small&gt;
   | rowclass6 = mergedrow | label6 = [[Lao language|Lao]]: | data6 = {{lang|lo|ສະມາຄົມປະຊາຊາດແຫ່ງອາຊີຕະເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້}}{{br}}&lt;small&gt;''Samakhom pasasat haeng asi tawen-ok siang tai''&lt;/small&gt;
   | rowclass7 = mergedrow | label7 = [[Malaysian Malay|Malay]]: | data7 = {{lang|ms|Persatuan Negara-negara Asia Tenggara}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Piagam Persatuan Negara Asia Tenggara|trans-title=The ASEAN Charter|url=http://www.asean.org/storage/images/archive/AC-Malaysia.pdf|publisher=Association of Southeast Asian Nations|access-date=10 January 2018|language=ms|archive-date=10 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110174728/http://www.asean.org/storage/images/archive/AC-Malaysia.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
   | rowclass8 = mergedrow | label8 = [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]]: | data8 = {{lang|zh-sg|亞細安組織&lt;br /&gt;東南亞國家聯盟&lt;br /&gt;東南亞國家協會}}{{br}}&lt;small&gt;''Yàxì'ān zǔzhī&lt;br /&gt;Dōngnányà guójiā liánméng&lt;br /&gt;Dōngnányà guójiā xiéhuì''&lt;/small&gt;
   | rowclass9 = mergedrow | label9 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]: | data9 = {{lang|ta|தென்கிழக்காசிய நாடுகளின் கூட்டமைப்பு}}{{br}}&lt;small&gt;''Teṉkiḻakkāciya nāṭukaḷiṉ kūṭṭamaippu''&lt;/small&gt;
   | rowclass10 = mergedrow | label10 = [[Thai language|Thai]]: | data10 = {{lang|th|สมาคมประชาชาติแห่งเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้
}}{{br}}&lt;small&gt;''Samakhom prachachat haeng echia tawan ok chiang tai''&lt;/small&gt;
   | rowclass11 = mergedrow | label11 = [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]: | data11= {{lang|vi|Hiệp hội các quốc gia Đông Nam Á&lt;br /&gt;協會各國家東南亞}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Hiến chương của Hiệp hội các Quốc gia Đông Nam Á|trans-title=The ASEAN Charter|url=http://www.asean.org/storage/images/archive/AC-Vietnam.pdf|publisher=Association of Southeast Asian Nations|access-date=10 January 2018|language=vi|archive-date=10 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110174732/http://www.asean.org/storage/images/archive/AC-Vietnam.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
 }}
| linking_name           = ASEAN
| image_flag             = 
| flag_type              = Flag
| image_symbol           = 
| symbol_type            = Emblem
| other_symbol           = 
| other_symbol_type      = 
| motto                  = &quot;One Vision, One Identity, One Community&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=ASEAN Motto|url=http://www.asean.org/asean/about-asean/asean-motto|website=ASEAN.org|publisher=ASEAN|access-date=9 May 2015|archive-date=18 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318053132/http://www.asean.org/asean/about-asean/asean-motto|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[The ASEAN Way]]&quot;{{center|}}
| image_map              = Association of Southeast Asian Nations (orthographic projection).svg
| map_width              = 250px
| map_caption            = Member states shown in dark green
| admin_center           = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
| admin_center_type      = Headquarters&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ASEAN Secretariat renamed as ASEAN Headquarters to strengthen regional diplomacy|url=https://gutzy.asia/2023/09/07/asean-secretariat-renamed-as-asean-headquarters-to-strengthen-regional-diplomacy|access-date=2023-09-10|publisher=Gutzy Asia|date=2023-09-07|archive-date=2023-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114110512/https://gutzy.asia/2023/09/07/asean-secretariat-renamed-as-asean-headquarters-to-strengthen-regional-diplomacy/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| largest_city           = Jakarta, Indonesia
| coordinates            = {{Coord|6|14|20|S|106|47|57|E|type:landmark}}
| languages_type         = Working language
| languages              = [[English language|English]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=ASEAN Charter|publisher=Association of Southeast Asian Nations|pages=29|url=http://www.asean.org/archive/publications/ASEAN-Charter.pdf|quote='''Article 34.''' The working language of ASEAN is English.|access-date=29 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109180154/http://www.asean.org/archive/publications/ASEAN-Charter.pdf|archive-date=9 November 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109180154/http://www.asean.org/archive/publications/ASEAN-Charter.pdf |date=9 November 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| languages2_type        = Contracting states&lt;br /&gt;ke sarkari bhasa 
| languages2             = {{hlist|[[Burmese language|Burmese]]|[[Chinese bhasa|Chinese]]|[[English language|English]]&lt;br/&gt;|[[Filipino language|Filipino]]|[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]|[[Khmer language|Khmer]]&lt;br/&gt;|[[Lao language|Lao]]|[[Malay bhasa|Malay]]|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]|[[Thai bhasa|Thai]]&lt;br/&gt;|[[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]}}
| org_type               = Regional organization
| membership             = {{collapsible list
  | titlestyle = background: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;
  | title      = [[Member states of ASEAN|10 members]]
  | {{BRN}}
  | {{CAM}}             
  | {{IDN}}{{efn|a transcontinental country in [[Southeast Asia]] and [[Oceania]].}}
  | {{LAO}}
  | {{MYS}}
  | {{MYA}}
  | {{PHL}}
  | {{SGP}}
  | {{THA}}                 
  | {{VNM}}
}}
{{collapsible list
  | titlestyle = background: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;
  | title      = [[Enlargement of ASEAN|2 observers]]
  | {{PNG}}
  | {{TLS}}
}}
| ethnic_groups          = 
| ethnic_groups_year     = 
| leader_title1          = {{nowrap|[[Secretary-General of ASEAN|Secretary-General]]}}
| leader_name1           = [[Kao Kim Hourn]] &lt;br/&gt; ([[Cambodia]])
| leader_title2          = Chairman
| leader_name2           = [[Anwar Ibrahim]] &lt;br/&gt; ([[Malaysia]])
| legislature            = [[ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly|The ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly]]
| established_event1     = {{nowrap|[[ASEAN Declaration|Bangkok Declaration]]}}
| established_date1      = {{Start date and age|8 August 1967|df=y|p=y}}
| established_event2     = [[ASEAN Charter|Charter]]
| established_date2      = {{Start date and age|16 December 2008|df=y|p=y}}
| area_km2               = 4,522,518&lt;ref name=&quot;ASEAN-Indicators&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Selected Basic ASEAN Indicators |url=http://www.asean.org/images/2015/January/selected_key_indicators/Summary%20table_as%20of%20December%202014_R.pdf |website=ASEAN.organisation |publisher=ASEANstats |access-date=9 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904103519/http://www.asean.org/images/2015/January/selected_key_indicators/Summary%20table_as%20of%20December%202014_R.pdf |archive-date=4 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_sq_mi             = 1,712,602
| percent_water          = 
| population_estimate    = 683,290,000&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOASEAN&quot;/&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2023
| population_density_km2 = 144
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $13.152 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOASEAN&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report?c=516,522,536,544,548,518,566,576,578,582,&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,LP,&amp;sy=2021&amp;ey=2028&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1|access-date=2023-04-13|website=IMF}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2025
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $19,218&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOASEAN&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $4.076 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOASEAN&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2025
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $5,957&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOASEAN&quot;/&gt;
| Gini_year              = 
| Gini_change            = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini                   = &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_ref               = 
| HDI_year               = 2023
| HDI_change             = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.745 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_ref                = 
| time_zone              = 
| utc_offset             = [[UTC+06:30|+06:30]] to [[UTC+09:00|+09:00]]
| time_zone_DST          = 
| DST_note               = 
| utc_offset_DST         = 
| official_website       = {{official URL}}
&lt;!-- ORPHANED:
 | footnote_c = If considered as a single entity.
 | footnote_d = [http://www.asean.org/stat/Table1.pdf Selected key basic ASEAN indicators]
 | footnote_e = [[Population growth|Annual growth]] 1.6%
 --&gt;| area_rank              = 
| p1                     = Association of Southeast Asia
| today                  = 
}}

'''Association of Southeast Asian Nations''' ('''ASEAN''') ek international rajnaitik aur aarthik sangathaan hai dakshin - poorv eshiya ke deesh ke liye. [[8 August]] [[1967]] me [[Malaysia]], [[Thailand]], [[Indonesia]], [[Singapore]], aur [[Philippines]] ASEAN ke banais rahaa. Uske bad aur sadassa ko bhi srikar kya giya tha. 

Iye wo desh ka aarthik babshta ko aur accha karne ke liye hai. Uska motto hai &quot;One Vision, One Identity, One community&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.asean.org/asean/about-asean/asean-motto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2016-04-01 |archive-date=2016-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408042451/http://www.asean.org/asean/about-asean/asean-motto/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Pahile khaali paanch des ASEAN me rahaa . [[Brunei]], 8 January 1984 me ASEAN ke join karis. [[Vietnam]], [[28 July]] 1995 ke, aur [[Laos]] aur Myanmar 23 July 1997 aur Cambodia 30 April 1999 ke ASEAN ke join karis. 

Dunia ke lagbhag 8% population ASEAN des me rahe hae. Lagbhag 240 million Muslims ii des me rahe hae, jaada kar ke Indonesia, Malaysia, aur Brunei me. Lagbhag 170 million Buddhists jaaada kar ke Thailand, [[Myanmar]], Laos, [[Cambodia]], Vietnam aur Singapore me rahe hae. 

== Duusra websites ==
* [http://www.aseansec.org ASEAN Secretariat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826000826/http://www.aseansec.org/ |date=2009-08-26 }} official website

== References ==

&lt;references/&gt;

[[vibhag:Association of Southeast Asian Nations| ]]
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  <page>
    <title>Confucius</title>
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      <text bytes="3092" sha1="nkoun4xx69983v8xxmfuagchwkorp1s" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Philosopher 
| region           = Chinese philosophy
| era              = Ancient philosophy
| color            = #B0C4DE
| image_name       = Confucius - Project Gutenberg eText 15250.jpg
| name             = [[Chinese bhasa|孔丘]] ''Kong Qiu''
| birth      = 28 September, 551 B.C.E. &lt;br /&gt;Qufu, [[China]]
| death      = 479 B.C.E. &lt;br /&gt;Qufu, China
| school_tradition = Confucianism ke suruu kare waala
| main_interests   = Moral philosophy, Social philosophy, Ethics
| influences       = Zhou Era Chinese Thought
| influenced       = Dher Eastern philosophers, Christian Wolff, Robert Cummings Neville
| notable_ideas    = Confucianism
| image_caption    = Engraving of Confucius. Chiana akchhar me lokha hae: &quot;Portrait of the First Teacher, Confucius, Giving a Lecture&quot;.
}}
'''Confucius''' (Chinese me: 孔夫子) (janam [[551 BC]], maut [[478 BC]]) ek khaas [[Chinese]] [[educator]] aur [[philosopher]] rahaa. Uske pahile ke naam Kong Qiu (Chinese me: 孔丘) nai to Zhong Ni (Chinese me: 仲尼) rahaa. Uske janam Lu State (魯), China me Chinese Lunar [[calendar]] ke 551 BC ke 8th mahina ke 27th din me bhaes rahaa. Uske pitaji Shu Liang He (叔梁纥) rahaa, aur uske maiya Yan Zheng Zai (顏徵在) rahis. Jab uu tiin saal ke rahaa tab uske pitaji mar gais rahaa.

==Naam==
{{anchor|Etymology|Name|Titles}}
&quot;Confucius&quot; [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]] {{transliteration|zh|Kǒngfūzǐ}} ({{lang|zh|孔夫子}}) ke [[Latinisation of names|Latinized]] form hae &amp;mdash;jiske matlab &quot;Great Master Kong&quot;, nai to &quot;Wise Teacher Kong&quot; hae&amp;mdash; jiske  late [[16th century]] me [[Jesuit China missions|Jesuit missionaries to China]] banae rahin.{{sfn|Nivison|1999|p=752}} Aur jaada kaam me laae waala naam, abhi {{transliteration|zh|Kǒngzǐ}} ({{lang|zh|孔子}}) hae, jiske matlab &quot;Master Kong&quot; hae. Confucius ke [[Chinese surname#Shi|family name]] Kong rahaa aur uske dewa gais naam   Qiu  rahaa. Uske courtesy naam, a capping (''guan'': {{lang|zh|冠}}) jieke uske [[Coming of age|his coming of age ceremony]] dewa gais rahaa,{{sfn|Hunter|2017|p=50}} aur jisse uske barraa palwaar ke log kaam me laawat rahin  Zhongni  rahaa,  &quot;Zhòng&quot; ii dekhaat rahaa ki uu palwaar ke duusra larrka rahaa.{{sfn|Nivison|1999|p=752}}{{sfn|Wilkinson|2015|p=133}}

Confucius ii maangat rahaa ki log duusra log ke baare me soche, [[paisa]] aur imaarat ke baare me nai. Uu ii biswas karat rahaa ki janata ke maane ke khaatir tagrraa niyam (rules) hoe ke chaahi. Confucius sochis ki log me paanch rista (relationshp) ke niyam hae, aur usme bhi aapan aapan niyam rahe hae. Dui jan hoe sake hae:
* Rajkumar aur janata
* Pitaji aur larrka
* Admii aur aurat
* Bujurg (elder) aur larrka
* dost

II sab traditional rista hae jiske &quot;five prototypes&quot; bola jaae hae. Confucius ii batais ki ii sab sambandh (relationship) me log ke niyam ke paalan kare ke parri. Jaise ki, janata ke rajkaumar ke sune ke parri, lekin rajkumar ke bhi janata ke sune ke chaahi, uske achchha se raj kare ke khatir.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{BD|-551BC|-478BC|Confucius}}

[[vibhag:C]]
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      <text bytes="5208" sha1="h8uln7mvusid83c9xwtcbfepitnda5a" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Philosopher 
| region           = Chinese philosophy
| era              = Ancient philosophy
| color            = #B0C4DE
| image_name       = Confucius - Project Gutenberg eText 15250.jpg
| name             = [[Chinese bhasa|孔丘]] ''Kong Qiu''
| birth      = 28 September, 551 B.C.E. &lt;br /&gt;Qufu, [[China]]
| death      = 479 B.C.E. &lt;br /&gt;Qufu, China
| school_tradition = Confucianism ke suruu kare waala
| main_interests   = Moral philosophy, Social philosophy, Ethics
| influences       = Zhou Era Chinese Thought
| influenced       = Dher Eastern philosophers, Christian Wolff, Robert Cummings Neville
| notable_ideas    = Confucianism
| image_caption    = Engraving of Confucius. Chiana akchhar me lokha hae: &quot;Portrait of the First Teacher, Confucius, Giving a Lecture&quot;.
}}
'''Confucius''' (Chinese me: 孔夫子) (janam [[551 BC]], maut [[478 BC]]) ek khaas [[Chinese]] [[educator]] aur [[philosopher]] rahaa. Uske pahile ke naam Kong Qiu (Chinese me: 孔丘) nai to Zhong Ni (Chinese me: 仲尼) rahaa. Uske janam Lu State (魯), China me Chinese Lunar [[calendar]] ke 551 BC ke 8th mahina ke 27th din me bhaes rahaa. Uske pitaji Shu Liang He (叔梁纥) rahaa, aur uske maiya Yan Zheng Zai (顏徵在) rahis. Jab uu tiin saal ke rahaa tab uske pitaji mar gais rahaa.

==Naam==
{{anchor|Etymology|Name|Titles}}
&quot;Confucius&quot; [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]] {{transliteration|zh|Kǒngfūzǐ}} ({{lang|zh|孔夫子}}) ke [[Latinisation of names|Latinized]] form hae &amp;mdash;jiske matlab &quot;Great Master Kong&quot;, nai to &quot;Wise Teacher Kong&quot; hae&amp;mdash; jiske  late [[16th century]] me [[Jesuit China missions|Jesuit missionaries to China]] banae rahin.{{sfn|Nivison|1999|p=752}} Aur jaada kaam me laae waala naam, abhi {{transliteration|zh|Kǒngzǐ}} ({{lang|zh|孔子}}) hae, jiske matlab &quot;Master Kong&quot; hae. Confucius ke [[Chinese surname#Shi|family name]] Kong rahaa aur uske dewa gais naam   Qiu  rahaa. Uske courtesy naam, a capping (''guan'': {{lang|zh|冠}}) jieke uske [[Coming of age|his coming of age ceremony]] dewa gais rahaa,{{sfn|Hunter|2017|p=50}} aur jisse uske barraa palwaar ke log kaam me laawat rahin  Zhongni  rahaa,  &quot;Zhòng&quot; ii dekhaat rahaa ki uu palwaar ke duusra larrka rahaa.{{sfn|Nivison|1999|p=752}}{{sfn|Wilkinson|2015|p=133}}

==Jindagi==
===Bachpan ke din===
Ii maana jaawe hae ki Confucius ke janam [[28 September]] 551 BCE me,{{sfn|Huang|2013|p=3}}{{sfn|Creel|1949|p=25}} Zou ({{lang|zh|陬}}, abhi ke [[Qufu]], [[Shandong]]) me bhais rahaa.{{sfn|Creel|1949|p=25}}{{sfn|Rainey|2010|p=16}} Ii ilaaka ke  [[list of Zhou kings|kings]] of [[Zhou dynasty|Zhou]] control karat rahin, lekin effectively independent rahaa local lords of [[Lu (state)|Lu]] ke niche, jon bagal ke  city of Qufu se raj karat rahaa. Uske pitaji, [[Kong He]] (nai to Shuliang He) ek jaada umar ke commandant of the local Lu garrison rahaa.{{sfn|Legge|1887|p=260}} [[Family tree of Confucius in the main line of descent|His ancestry]] ke trace back karaa jaae sake hae,  [[Song (state)|dukes of Song]] se,  [[Shang dynasty]] talak jon Zhou se pahile rahaa.{{sfn|Legge|1887|p=259}}{{sfn|Yao|1997|p=29}}{{sfn|Yao|2000|p=23}}{{sfn|Rainey|2010|p=66}} Itihasik khissa  Confucius ke jindagi ke baare me, batae hae ki uske aaja aapan palwaar ke  Song se Lu migrate karis rahaa.{{sfn|Creel|1949|p=26}} Abhi ke sab scholars ;og ii nai maane hae ki  Confucius  Song nobility se descend bhais rahaa.&lt;ref name=Eno&gt;{{ cite journal
| last = Eno | first = Robert
| title= The background of the Kong family of Lu and the origins of Ruism
| year = 2003 | volume=28
| journal=Early China 
| publisher=Cambridge University Press
| pages = 1–41
| doi = 10.1017/S0362502800000651
| jstor=23354229
| s2cid = 20828205
}} Eno concludes of Confucius's ancestry that the descent from Song nobility has been constructed to serve an ideological purpose. However he rejects the stronger statement that Confucius's immediate parentage is also fabricated, as proposed by Creel and Jensen.{{pb}}{{ cite journal
| last = Jensen | first = Lionel
| journal=Early China
| publisher=Cambridge University Press 
| year = 1995 | volume= 20
| pages = 407–437
| jstor =23351776
| title= Wise man of the wilds: fatherlessness, fertility, and the mythic exemplar Kongzi
| doi = 10.1017/S0362502800004570
| s2cid = 163177601
}} p. 409{{pb}}{{harvnb|Creel|1949|pp=297–298}}, cited in Eno.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|14–15}}

Confucius ii maangat rahaa ki log duusra log ke baare me soche, [[paisa]] aur imaarat ke baare me nai. Uu ii biswas karat rahaa ki janata ke maane ke khaatir tagrraa niyam (rules) hoe ke chaahi. Confucius sochis ki log me paanch rista (relationshp) ke niyam hae, aur usme bhi aapan aapan niyam rahe hae. Dui jan hoe sake hae:
* Rajkumar aur janata
* Pitaji aur larrka
* Admii aur aurat
* Bujurg (elder) aur larrka
* dost

II sab traditional rista hae jiske &quot;five prototypes&quot; bola jaae hae. Confucius ii batais ki ii sab sambandh (relationship) me log ke niyam ke paalan kare ke parri. Jaise ki, janata ke rajkaumar ke sune ke parri, lekin rajkumar ke bhi janata ke sune ke chaahi, uske achchha se raj kare ke khatir.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{BD|-551BC|-478BC|Confucius}}

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      <text bytes="7070" sha1="i7qo148nfno2qtep6u534gx3z3owvqv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Philosopher 
| region           = Chinese philosophy
| era              = Ancient philosophy
| color            = #B0C4DE
| image_name       = Confucius - Project Gutenberg eText 15250.jpg
| name             = [[Chinese bhasa|孔丘]] ''Kong Qiu''
| birth      = 28 September, 551 B.C.E. &lt;br /&gt;Qufu, [[China]]
| death      = 479 B.C.E. &lt;br /&gt;Qufu, China
| school_tradition = Confucianism ke suruu kare waala
| main_interests   = Moral philosophy, Social philosophy, Ethics
| influences       = Zhou Era Chinese Thought
| influenced       = Dher Eastern philosophers, Christian Wolff, Robert Cummings Neville
| notable_ideas    = Confucianism
| image_caption    = Engraving of Confucius. Chiana akchhar me lokha hae: &quot;Portrait of the First Teacher, Confucius, Giving a Lecture&quot;.
}}
'''Confucius''' (Chinese me: 孔夫子) (janam [[551 BC]], maut [[478 BC]]) ek khaas [[Chinese]] [[educator]] aur [[philosopher]] rahaa. Uske pahile ke naam Kong Qiu (Chinese me: 孔丘) nai to Zhong Ni (Chinese me: 仲尼) rahaa. Uske janam Lu State (魯), China me Chinese Lunar [[calendar]] ke 551 BC ke 8th mahina ke 27th din me bhaes rahaa. Uske pitaji Shu Liang He (叔梁纥) rahaa, aur uske maiya Yan Zheng Zai (顏徵在) rahis. Jab uu tiin saal ke rahaa tab uske pitaji mar gais rahaa.

==Naam==
{{anchor|Etymology|Name|Titles}}
&quot;Confucius&quot; [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]] {{transliteration|zh|Kǒngfūzǐ}} ({{lang|zh|孔夫子}}) ke [[Latinisation of names|Latinized]] form hae &amp;mdash;jiske matlab &quot;Great Master Kong&quot;, nai to &quot;Wise Teacher Kong&quot; hae&amp;mdash; jiske  late [[16th century]] me [[Jesuit China missions|Jesuit missionaries to China]] banae rahin.{{sfn|Nivison|1999|p=752}} Aur jaada kaam me laae waala naam, abhi {{transliteration|zh|Kǒngzǐ}} ({{lang|zh|孔子}}) hae, jiske matlab &quot;Master Kong&quot; hae. Confucius ke [[Chinese surname#Shi|family name]] Kong rahaa aur uske dewa gais naam   Qiu  rahaa. Uske courtesy naam, a capping (''guan'': {{lang|zh|冠}}) jieke uske [[Coming of age|his coming of age ceremony]] dewa gais rahaa,{{sfn|Hunter|2017|p=50}} aur jisse uske barraa palwaar ke log kaam me laawat rahin  Zhongni  rahaa,  &quot;Zhòng&quot; ii dekhaat rahaa ki uu palwaar ke duusra larrka rahaa.{{sfn|Nivison|1999|p=752}}{{sfn|Wilkinson|2015|p=133}}

==Jindagi==
===Bachpan ke din===
Ii maana jaawe hae ki Confucius ke janam [[28 September]] 551 BCE me,{{sfn|Huang|2013|p=3}}{{sfn|Creel|1949|p=25}} Zou ({{lang|zh|陬}}, abhi ke [[Qufu]], [[Shandong]]) me bhais rahaa.{{sfn|Creel|1949|p=25}}{{sfn|Rainey|2010|p=16}} Ii ilaaka ke  [[list of Zhou kings|kings]] of [[Zhou dynasty|Zhou]] control karat rahin, lekin effectively independent rahaa local lords of [[Lu (state)|Lu]] ke niche, jon bagal ke  city of Qufu se raj karat rahaa. Uske pitaji, [[Kong He]] (nai to Shuliang He) ek jaada umar ke commandant of the local Lu garrison rahaa.{{sfn|Legge|1887|p=260}} [[Family tree of Confucius in the main line of descent|His ancestry]] ke trace back karaa jaae sake hae,  [[Song (state)|dukes of Song]] se,  [[Shang dynasty]] talak jon Zhou se pahile rahaa.{{sfn|Legge|1887|p=259}}{{sfn|Yao|1997|p=29}}{{sfn|Yao|2000|p=23}}{{sfn|Rainey|2010|p=66}} Itihasik khissa  Confucius ke jindagi ke baare me, batae hae ki uske aaja aapan palwaar ke  Song se Lu migrate karis rahaa.{{sfn|Creel|1949|p=26}} Abhi ke sab scholars ;og ii nai maane hae ki  Confucius  Song nobility se descend bhais rahaa.&lt;ref name=Eno&gt;{{ cite journal
| last = Eno | first = Robert
| title= The background of the Kong family of Lu and the origins of Ruism
| year = 2003 | volume=28
| journal=Early China 
| publisher=Cambridge University Press
| pages = 1–41
| doi = 10.1017/S0362502800000651
| jstor=23354229
| s2cid = 20828205
}} Eno concludes of Confucius's ancestry that the descent from Song nobility has been constructed to serve an ideological purpose. However he rejects the stronger statement that Confucius's immediate parentage is also fabricated, as proposed by Creel and Jensen.{{pb}}{{ cite journal
| last = Jensen | first = Lionel
| journal=Early China
| publisher=Cambridge University Press 
| year = 1995 | volume= 20
| pages = 407–437
| jstor =23351776
| title= Wise man of the wilds: fatherlessness, fertility, and the mythic exemplar Kongzi
| doi = 10.1017/S0362502800004570
| s2cid = 163177601
}} p. 409{{pb}}{{harvnb|Creel|1949|pp=297–298}}, cited in Eno.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kong mar gais rahaa jab Confucius tiin saal ke rahaa, aur Confucius ke uske maiyaa,  [[Yan Zhengzai]] ({{lang|zh|顏徵在}}) garibi me paale rahii.{{sfn|Huang|2013|p=4}} Uske maiyaa baad me mar gais, 40 saal ke umar me.{{sfn|Huang|2013|p=4}} 19 saal ke umar me uu,   ({{lang|zh|亓官氏}}) se saadi karis, aur ek saal baad ii praani ke ek larrkaa bhais rahaa, jiske naam  [[Kong Li]] ({{lang|zh|孔鯉}}) rahaa.{{sfn|Huang|2013|p=4}} Qiguan aur Confucius ke baad me dui larrki bhais rahaa, jisme se ek bachpan me mar gae rahii aur duusra ke naam Kong Jiao ({{lang|zh|孔姣}}) rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Schuman|first1=Michael|title=Confucius: And the World He Created|date=2015|publisher=Basic Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wb6DBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT25|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416230225/https://books.google.com/books?id=wb6DBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT25|archive-date=2017-04-16|isbn=978-0-465-04057-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Confucius ke sikchhaa ek saadhaaran larrkan ke school me bhais rahaa, jahaan pe uu study karis rahaa aur  [[Six Arts]] ke sikhis rahaa.{{sfn|Huang|2013|pp=4–5}}

Confucius ke janam ''[[Four occupations|shi]]'' ({{lang|zh|士}}) me, jon  aristocracy aur sadhaaran log ke biich me rhaa, me bhais rahaa. Ii bataawa jaawe hae ki uu kuchh sarki kaam aapan  early 20s me karis rahaa, aur ek bookkeeper aur bherraa aur ghorraa ke dekhe waala rahaa. {{sfn|Huang|2013|p=4}}&lt;ref name=buryl/&gt; Jab uske maiyaa mar gais, Confucius (23 saal ke umar me) ,ii bataawa jaawe hae ki, [[Ancestor veneration in China#Mourning|mourned for three years]], jaise ki uu time ke sankriti rahaa.&lt;ref name=buryl&gt;{{cite book|last1=Burgan|first1=Michael|title=Confucius: Chinese Philosopher and Teacher|date=2008|publisher=Capstone|page=23|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vM8GCpBncjEC&amp;pg=PT12|access-date=August 12, 2015|isbn=978-0-7565-3832-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Confucius ii maangat rahaa ki log duusra log ke baare me soche, [[paisa]] aur imaarat ke baare me nai. Uu ii biswas karat rahaa ki janata ke maane ke khaatir tagrraa niyam (rules) hoe ke chaahi. Confucius sochis ki log me paanch rista (relationshp) ke niyam hae, aur usme bhi aapan aapan niyam rahe hae. Dui jan hoe sake hae:
* Rajkumar aur janata
* Pitaji aur larrka
* Admii aur aurat
* Bujurg (elder) aur larrka
* dost

II sab traditional rista hae jiske &quot;five prototypes&quot; bola jaae hae. Confucius ii batais ki ii sab sambandh (relationship) me log ke niyam ke paalan kare ke parri. Jaise ki, janata ke rajkaumar ke sune ke parri, lekin rajkumar ke bhi janata ke sune ke chaahi, uske achchha se raj kare ke khatir.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{BD|-551BC|-478BC|Confucius}}

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      <text bytes="9572" sha1="47mw0x48nqfw9it69dc098ffyhydgmu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Philosopher 
| region           = Chinese philosophy
| era              = Ancient philosophy
| color            = #B0C4DE
| image_name       = Confucius - Project Gutenberg eText 15250.jpg
| name             = [[Chinese bhasa|孔丘]] ''Kong Qiu''
| birth      = 28 September, 551 B.C.E. &lt;br /&gt;Qufu, [[China]]
| death      = 479 B.C.E. &lt;br /&gt;Qufu, China
| school_tradition = Confucianism ke suruu kare waala
| main_interests   = Moral philosophy, Social philosophy, Ethics
| influences       = Zhou Era Chinese Thought
| influenced       = Dher Eastern philosophers, Christian Wolff, Robert Cummings Neville
| notable_ideas    = Confucianism
| image_caption    = Engraving of Confucius. Chiana akchhar me lokha hae: &quot;Portrait of the First Teacher, Confucius, Giving a Lecture&quot;.
}}
'''Confucius''' (Chinese me: 孔夫子) (janam [[551 BC]], maut [[478 BC]]) ek khaas [[Chinese]] [[educator]] aur [[philosopher]] rahaa. Uske pahile ke naam Kong Qiu (Chinese me: 孔丘) nai to Zhong Ni (Chinese me: 仲尼) rahaa. Uske janam Lu State (魯), China me Chinese Lunar [[calendar]] ke 551 BC ke 8th mahina ke 27th din me bhaes rahaa. Uske pitaji Shu Liang He (叔梁纥) rahaa, aur uske maiya Yan Zheng Zai (顏徵在) rahis. Jab uu tiin saal ke rahaa tab uske pitaji mar gais rahaa.

==Naam==
{{anchor|Etymology|Name|Titles}}
&quot;Confucius&quot; [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]] {{transliteration|zh|Kǒngfūzǐ}} ({{lang|zh|孔夫子}}) ke [[Latinisation of names|Latinized]] form hae &amp;mdash;jiske matlab &quot;Great Master Kong&quot;, nai to &quot;Wise Teacher Kong&quot; hae&amp;mdash; jiske  late [[16th century]] me [[Jesuit China missions|Jesuit missionaries to China]] banae rahin.{{sfn|Nivison|1999|p=752}} Aur jaada kaam me laae waala naam, abhi {{transliteration|zh|Kǒngzǐ}} ({{lang|zh|孔子}}) hae, jiske matlab &quot;Master Kong&quot; hae. Confucius ke [[Chinese surname#Shi|family name]] Kong rahaa aur uske dewa gais naam   Qiu  rahaa. Uske courtesy naam, a capping (''guan'': {{lang|zh|冠}}) jieke uske [[Coming of age|his coming of age ceremony]] dewa gais rahaa,{{sfn|Hunter|2017|p=50}} aur jisse uske barraa palwaar ke log kaam me laawat rahin  Zhongni  rahaa,  &quot;Zhòng&quot; ii dekhaat rahaa ki uu palwaar ke duusra larrka rahaa.{{sfn|Nivison|1999|p=752}}{{sfn|Wilkinson|2015|p=133}}

==Jindagi==
===Bachpan ke din===
Ii maana jaawe hae ki Confucius ke janam [[28 September]] 551 BCE me,{{sfn|Huang|2013|p=3}}{{sfn|Creel|1949|p=25}} Zou ({{lang|zh|陬}}, abhi ke [[Qufu]], [[Shandong]]) me bhais rahaa.{{sfn|Creel|1949|p=25}}{{sfn|Rainey|2010|p=16}} Ii ilaaka ke  [[list of Zhou kings|kings]] of [[Zhou dynasty|Zhou]] control karat rahin, lekin effectively independent rahaa local lords of [[Lu (state)|Lu]] ke niche, jon bagal ke  city of Qufu se raj karat rahaa. Uske pitaji, [[Kong He]] (nai to Shuliang He) ek jaada umar ke commandant of the local Lu garrison rahaa.{{sfn|Legge|1887|p=260}} [[Family tree of Confucius in the main line of descent|His ancestry]] ke trace back karaa jaae sake hae,  [[Song (state)|dukes of Song]] se,  [[Shang dynasty]] talak jon Zhou se pahile rahaa.{{sfn|Legge|1887|p=259}}{{sfn|Yao|1997|p=29}}{{sfn|Yao|2000|p=23}}{{sfn|Rainey|2010|p=66}} Itihasik khissa  Confucius ke jindagi ke baare me, batae hae ki uske aaja aapan palwaar ke  Song se Lu migrate karis rahaa.{{sfn|Creel|1949|p=26}} Abhi ke sab scholars ;og ii nai maane hae ki  Confucius  Song nobility se descend bhais rahaa.&lt;ref name=Eno&gt;{{ cite journal
| last = Eno | first = Robert
| title= The background of the Kong family of Lu and the origins of Ruism
| year = 2003 | volume=28
| journal=Early China 
| publisher=Cambridge University Press
| pages = 1–41
| doi = 10.1017/S0362502800000651
| jstor=23354229
| s2cid = 20828205
}} Eno concludes of Confucius's ancestry that the descent from Song nobility has been constructed to serve an ideological purpose. However he rejects the stronger statement that Confucius's immediate parentage is also fabricated, as proposed by Creel and Jensen.{{pb}}{{ cite journal
| last = Jensen | first = Lionel
| journal=Early China
| publisher=Cambridge University Press 
| year = 1995 | volume= 20
| pages = 407–437
| jstor =23351776
| title= Wise man of the wilds: fatherlessness, fertility, and the mythic exemplar Kongzi
| doi = 10.1017/S0362502800004570
| s2cid = 163177601
}} p. 409{{pb}}{{harvnb|Creel|1949|pp=297–298}}, cited in Eno.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kong mar gais rahaa jab Confucius tiin saal ke rahaa, aur Confucius ke uske maiyaa,  [[Yan Zhengzai]] ({{lang|zh|顏徵在}}) garibi me paale rahii.{{sfn|Huang|2013|p=4}} Uske maiyaa baad me mar gais, 40 saal ke umar me.{{sfn|Huang|2013|p=4}} 19 saal ke umar me uu,   ({{lang|zh|亓官氏}}) se saadi karis, aur ek saal baad ii praani ke ek larrkaa bhais rahaa, jiske naam  [[Kong Li]] ({{lang|zh|孔鯉}}) rahaa.{{sfn|Huang|2013|p=4}} Qiguan aur Confucius ke baad me dui larrki bhais rahaa, jisme se ek bachpan me mar gae rahii aur duusra ke naam Kong Jiao ({{lang|zh|孔姣}}) rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Schuman|first1=Michael|title=Confucius: And the World He Created|date=2015|publisher=Basic Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wb6DBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT25|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416230225/https://books.google.com/books?id=wb6DBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT25|archive-date=2017-04-16|isbn=978-0-465-04057-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Confucius ke sikchhaa ek saadhaaran larrkan ke school me bhais rahaa, jahaan pe uu study karis rahaa aur  [[Six Arts]] ke sikhis rahaa.{{sfn|Huang|2013|pp=4–5}}

Confucius ke janam ''[[Four occupations|shi]]'' ({{lang|zh|士}}) me, jon  aristocracy aur sadhaaran log ke biich me rhaa, me bhais rahaa. Ii bataawa jaawe hae ki uu kuchh sarki kaam aapan  early 20s me karis rahaa, aur ek bookkeeper aur bherraa aur ghorraa ke dekhe waala rahaa. {{sfn|Huang|2013|p=4}}&lt;ref name=buryl/&gt; Jab uske maiyaa mar gais, Confucius (23 saal ke umar me) ,ii bataawa jaawe hae ki, [[Ancestor veneration in China#Mourning|mourned for three years]], jaise ki uu time ke sankriti rahaa.&lt;ref name=buryl&gt;{{cite book|last1=Burgan|first1=Michael|title=Confucius: Chinese Philosopher and Teacher|date=2008|publisher=Capstone|page=23|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vM8GCpBncjEC&amp;pg=PT12|access-date=August 12, 2015|isbn=978-0-7565-3832-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Rajnitik kaam===
Confucius ke time,  [[state of Lu]] ep ek ducal house raaj karat rahaa. Duke ke niche [[Three Huan|tiin aristocratic palwaar]] rahin, jiske heads ke title viscount rahaa aur ii ek hereditary positions rahaa Lu bureaucracy me. Ji palwaar ke position rahaa &quot;Minister over the Masses&quot;, jon &quot;Prime Minister&quot; bhi rahaa; Meng palwaar ke position &quot;Minister of Works&quot; rahaa; aur Shu palwaar ke position &quot;Minister of War&quot; rahaa.  {{BCE|505}} ke winter me, Yang Hu—a Ji palwaar ke ek retainer— rebel kar diis aur  Ji palwaar se taagat lae liis. Lekin {{BCE|501}} ke summer talak, tiin hereditary palwaar  Yang Hu ke Lu se khader de rahin. Uu time talak, Confucius aapan udes ke kaara n kaafi dher chela ke bator liis rahaa, aur ii time palwaar logan ii dekhe lage rahin ki achchhaa kaam kare se, uu aslii sarkar ke wfadaari dekhae sakat rahin.  Ii kaaran se, wahii saal ({{BCE|501}}), Confucius ke ek minor position of governor of a town banaawa gais rahaa. Dhire-dhire, uu aage barr ke  Minister of Crime banaa rahaa.{{sfn|Dubs|1946|pp=274–276}} ''[[Xunzi (book)|Xunzi]]'' ii batae hae ki ii post le ke baad, Confucius  [[Shaozheng Mao]] ke maare ke order diis rahaa, jon Lu state  ke ek aur official aur scholar rahaa jiske lectures ke tiin hajaar log sune aae rahin  [[Yan Hui]] ke chhorr ke. Shaozheng Mao ke 'five crimes' ke aarop lagaawa gais rahaa, jisme se sab me maut ke sajaa rahaa , jisme rahaa 'concealed evilness, stubborn abnormality, eloquent duplicity, erudition in bizarre facts and generosity to evildoers'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|trans-title=Xunzi|language=lzh|title-link=Xunzi (book)|last=Xun|first=Kuang|author-mask=0|script-title=zh:荀子|script-chapter=zh:宥坐|script-quote=zh:孔子為魯攝相，朝七日而誅少正卯。門人進問曰：「夫少正卯魯之聞人也，夫子為政而始誅之，得無失乎，」孔子曰：「居，吾語女其故。人有惡者五，而盜竊不與焉。一曰心達而險；二曰行辟而堅；三曰言偽而辯；四曰記醜而博；五曰順非而澤。此五者，有一於人，則不得免於君子之誅，而少正卯兼有之。故居處足以聚徒成群，言談足飾邪營眾，強足以反是獨立，此小人之桀雄也，不可不誅也。是以湯誅尹諧，文王誅潘止，周公誅管叔，太公誅華仕，管仲誅付里乙，子產誅鄧析、史付，此七子者，皆異世同心，不可不誅也。詩曰：『憂心悄悄，慍於群小。』小人成群，斯足憂也。」}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Confucius ii maangat rahaa ki log duusra log ke baare me soche, [[paisa]] aur imaarat ke baare me nai. Uu ii biswas karat rahaa ki janata ke maane ke khaatir tagrraa niyam (rules) hoe ke chaahi. Confucius sochis ki log me paanch rista (relationshp) ke niyam hae, aur usme bhi aapan aapan niyam rahe hae. Dui jan hoe sake hae:
* Rajkumar aur janata
* Pitaji aur larrka
* Admii aur aurat
* Bujurg (elder) aur larrka
* dost

II sab traditional rista hae jiske &quot;five prototypes&quot; bola jaae hae. Confucius ii batais ki ii sab sambandh (relationship) me log ke niyam ke paalan kare ke parri. Jaise ki, janata ke rajkaumar ke sune ke parri, lekin rajkumar ke bhi janata ke sune ke chaahi, uske achchha se raj kare ke khatir.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{BD|-551BC|-478BC|Confucius}}

[[vibhag:C]]
[[vibhag:China ke philosopher]]</text>
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      <text bytes="11103" sha1="q7vsyg0n4v427je4ngksn9i1t4zsw6m" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Philosopher 
| region           = Chinese philosophy
| era              = Ancient philosophy
| color            = #B0C4DE
| image_name       = Confucius - Project Gutenberg eText 15250.jpg
| name             = [[Chinese bhasa|孔丘]] ''Kong Qiu''
| birth      = 28 September, 551 B.C.E. &lt;br /&gt;Qufu, [[China]]
| death      = 479 B.C.E. &lt;br /&gt;Qufu, China
| school_tradition = Confucianism ke suruu kare waala
| main_interests   = Moral philosophy, Social philosophy, Ethics
| influences       = Zhou Era Chinese Thought
| influenced       = Dher Eastern philosophers, Christian Wolff, Robert Cummings Neville
| notable_ideas    = Confucianism
| image_caption    = Engraving of Confucius. Chiana akchhar me lokha hae: &quot;Portrait of the First Teacher, Confucius, Giving a Lecture&quot;.
}}
'''Confucius''' (Chinese me: 孔夫子) (janam [[551 BC]], maut [[478 BC]]) ek khaas [[Chinese]] [[educator]] aur [[philosopher]] rahaa. Uske pahile ke naam Kong Qiu (Chinese me: 孔丘) nai to Zhong Ni (Chinese me: 仲尼) rahaa. Uske janam Lu State (魯), China me Chinese Lunar [[calendar]] ke 551 BC ke 8th mahina ke 27th din me bhaes rahaa. Uske pitaji Shu Liang He (叔梁纥) rahaa, aur uske maiya Yan Zheng Zai (顏徵在) rahis. Jab uu tiin saal ke rahaa tab uske pitaji mar gais rahaa.

==Naam==
{{anchor|Etymology|Name|Titles}}
&quot;Confucius&quot; [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]] {{transliteration|zh|Kǒngfūzǐ}} ({{lang|zh|孔夫子}}) ke [[Latinisation of names|Latinized]] form hae &amp;mdash;jiske matlab &quot;Great Master Kong&quot;, nai to &quot;Wise Teacher Kong&quot; hae&amp;mdash; jiske  late [[16th century]] me [[Jesuit China missions|Jesuit missionaries to China]] banae rahin.{{sfn|Nivison|1999|p=752}} Aur jaada kaam me laae waala naam, abhi {{transliteration|zh|Kǒngzǐ}} ({{lang|zh|孔子}}) hae, jiske matlab &quot;Master Kong&quot; hae. Confucius ke [[Chinese surname#Shi|family name]] Kong rahaa aur uske dewa gais naam   Qiu  rahaa. Uske courtesy naam, a capping (''guan'': {{lang|zh|冠}}) jieke uske [[Coming of age|his coming of age ceremony]] dewa gais rahaa,{{sfn|Hunter|2017|p=50}} aur jisse uske barraa palwaar ke log kaam me laawat rahin  Zhongni  rahaa,  &quot;Zhòng&quot; ii dekhaat rahaa ki uu palwaar ke duusra larrka rahaa.{{sfn|Nivison|1999|p=752}}{{sfn|Wilkinson|2015|p=133}}

==Jindagi==
===Bachpan ke din===
Ii maana jaawe hae ki Confucius ke janam [[28 September]] 551 BCE me,{{sfn|Huang|2013|p=3}}{{sfn|Creel|1949|p=25}} Zou ({{lang|zh|陬}}, abhi ke [[Qufu]], [[Shandong]]) me bhais rahaa.{{sfn|Creel|1949|p=25}}{{sfn|Rainey|2010|p=16}} Ii ilaaka ke  [[list of Zhou kings|kings]] of [[Zhou dynasty|Zhou]] control karat rahin, lekin effectively independent rahaa local lords of [[Lu (state)|Lu]] ke niche, jon bagal ke  city of Qufu se raj karat rahaa. Uske pitaji, [[Kong He]] (nai to Shuliang He) ek jaada umar ke commandant of the local Lu garrison rahaa.{{sfn|Legge|1887|p=260}} [[Family tree of Confucius in the main line of descent|His ancestry]] ke trace back karaa jaae sake hae,  [[Song (state)|dukes of Song]] se,  [[Shang dynasty]] talak jon Zhou se pahile rahaa.{{sfn|Legge|1887|p=259}}{{sfn|Yao|1997|p=29}}{{sfn|Yao|2000|p=23}}{{sfn|Rainey|2010|p=66}} Itihasik khissa  Confucius ke jindagi ke baare me, batae hae ki uske aaja aapan palwaar ke  Song se Lu migrate karis rahaa.{{sfn|Creel|1949|p=26}} Abhi ke sab scholars ;og ii nai maane hae ki  Confucius  Song nobility se descend bhais rahaa.&lt;ref name=Eno&gt;{{ cite journal
| last = Eno | first = Robert
| title= The background of the Kong family of Lu and the origins of Ruism
| year = 2003 | volume=28
| journal=Early China 
| publisher=Cambridge University Press
| pages = 1–41
| doi = 10.1017/S0362502800000651
| jstor=23354229
| s2cid = 20828205
}} Eno concludes of Confucius's ancestry that the descent from Song nobility has been constructed to serve an ideological purpose. However he rejects the stronger statement that Confucius's immediate parentage is also fabricated, as proposed by Creel and Jensen.{{pb}}{{ cite journal
| last = Jensen | first = Lionel
| journal=Early China
| publisher=Cambridge University Press 
| year = 1995 | volume= 20
| pages = 407–437
| jstor =23351776
| title= Wise man of the wilds: fatherlessness, fertility, and the mythic exemplar Kongzi
| doi = 10.1017/S0362502800004570
| s2cid = 163177601
}} p. 409{{pb}}{{harvnb|Creel|1949|pp=297–298}}, cited in Eno.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kong mar gais rahaa jab Confucius tiin saal ke rahaa, aur Confucius ke uske maiyaa,  [[Yan Zhengzai]] ({{lang|zh|顏徵在}}) garibi me paale rahii.{{sfn|Huang|2013|p=4}} Uske maiyaa baad me mar gais, 40 saal ke umar me.{{sfn|Huang|2013|p=4}} 19 saal ke umar me uu,   ({{lang|zh|亓官氏}}) se saadi karis, aur ek saal baad ii praani ke ek larrkaa bhais rahaa, jiske naam  [[Kong Li]] ({{lang|zh|孔鯉}}) rahaa.{{sfn|Huang|2013|p=4}} Qiguan aur Confucius ke baad me dui larrki bhais rahaa, jisme se ek bachpan me mar gae rahii aur duusra ke naam Kong Jiao ({{lang|zh|孔姣}}) rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Schuman|first1=Michael|title=Confucius: And the World He Created|date=2015|publisher=Basic Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wb6DBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT25|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416230225/https://books.google.com/books?id=wb6DBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT25|archive-date=2017-04-16|isbn=978-0-465-04057-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Confucius ke sikchhaa ek saadhaaran larrkan ke school me bhais rahaa, jahaan pe uu study karis rahaa aur  [[Six Arts]] ke sikhis rahaa.{{sfn|Huang|2013|pp=4–5}}

Confucius ke janam ''[[Four occupations|shi]]'' ({{lang|zh|士}}) me, jon  aristocracy aur sadhaaran log ke biich me rhaa, me bhais rahaa. Ii bataawa jaawe hae ki uu kuchh sarki kaam aapan  early 20s me karis rahaa, aur ek bookkeeper aur bherraa aur ghorraa ke dekhe waala rahaa. {{sfn|Huang|2013|p=4}}&lt;ref name=buryl/&gt; Jab uske maiyaa mar gais, Confucius (23 saal ke umar me) ,ii bataawa jaawe hae ki, [[Ancestor veneration in China#Mourning|mourned for three years]], jaise ki uu time ke sankriti rahaa.&lt;ref name=buryl&gt;{{cite book|last1=Burgan|first1=Michael|title=Confucius: Chinese Philosopher and Teacher|date=2008|publisher=Capstone|page=23|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vM8GCpBncjEC&amp;pg=PT12|access-date=August 12, 2015|isbn=978-0-7565-3832-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Rajnitik kaam===
Confucius ke time,  [[state of Lu]] ep ek ducal house raaj karat rahaa. Duke ke niche [[Three Huan|tiin aristocratic palwaar]] rahin, jiske heads ke title viscount rahaa aur ii ek hereditary positions rahaa Lu bureaucracy me. Ji palwaar ke position rahaa &quot;Minister over the Masses&quot;, jon &quot;Prime Minister&quot; bhi rahaa; Meng palwaar ke position &quot;Minister of Works&quot; rahaa; aur Shu palwaar ke position &quot;Minister of War&quot; rahaa.  {{BCE|505}} ke winter me, Yang Hu—a Ji palwaar ke ek retainer— rebel kar diis aur  Ji palwaar se taagat lae liis. Lekin {{BCE|501}} ke summer talak, tiin hereditary palwaar  Yang Hu ke Lu se khader de rahin. Uu time talak, Confucius aapan udes ke kaara n kaafi dher chela ke bator liis rahaa, aur ii time palwaar logan ii dekhe lage rahin ki achchhaa kaam kare se, uu aslii sarkar ke wfadaari dekhae sakat rahin.  Ii kaaran se, wahii saal ({{BCE|501}}), Confucius ke ek minor position of governor of a town banaawa gais rahaa. Dhire-dhire, uu aage barr ke  Minister of Crime banaa rahaa.{{sfn|Dubs|1946|pp=274–276}} ''[[Xunzi (book)|Xunzi]]'' ii batae hae ki ii post le ke baad, Confucius  [[Shaozheng Mao]] ke maare ke order diis rahaa, jon Lu state  ke ek aur official aur scholar rahaa jiske lectures ke tiin hajaar log sune aae rahin  [[Yan Hui]] ke chhorr ke. Shaozheng Mao ke 'five crimes' ke aarop lagaawa gais rahaa, jisme se sab me maut ke sajaa rahaa , jisme rahaa 'concealed evilness, stubborn abnormality, eloquent duplicity, erudition in bizarre facts and generosity to evildoers'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|trans-title=Xunzi|language=lzh|title-link=Xunzi (book)|last=Xun|first=Kuang|author-mask=0|script-title=zh:荀子|script-chapter=zh:宥坐|script-quote=zh:孔子為魯攝相，朝七日而誅少正卯。門人進問曰：「夫少正卯魯之聞人也，夫子為政而始誅之，得無失乎，」孔子曰：「居，吾語女其故。人有惡者五，而盜竊不與焉。一曰心達而險；二曰行辟而堅；三曰言偽而辯；四曰記醜而博；五曰順非而澤。此五者，有一於人，則不得免於君子之誅，而少正卯兼有之。故居處足以聚徒成群，言談足飾邪營眾，強足以反是獨立，此小人之桀雄也，不可不誅也。是以湯誅尹諧，文王誅潘止，周公誅管叔，太公誅華仕，管仲誅付里乙，子產誅鄧析、史付，此七子者，皆異世同心，不可不誅也。詩曰：『憂心悄悄，慍於群小。』小人成群，斯足憂也。」}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Confucius mmangat rahaa ki uu authority of the state ke duke ke lautaar de,  fortifications of the city—strongholds jon tiin palwaar ke rahaa, ke dismantle kare ke baad. Ii rakam se, uu ek centralized sarkar ke bane sakat rahaa. Lekin, Confucius khaali diplomacy pe nirbhar rahaa, kaakeki uske lage koi military authority nai rahaa. 500 BC me, Hou Fan— Hou ke governor— Shu palwaar ke aapan lord ke virod me revoltkar diis. Jab ki Meng aur Shu palwaar  Hou ke bina safaltaa ke besiege kare rahin, ek loyalist official Hou log ke saathe  Hou Fan ke [[state of Qi]] bhaage ke majbuur kar diis. Ii chij  Confucius ke favour me hoe ke chaahat rahaa, kaaheki ii   Confucius ke kaam sahaj kar diis ki uu   aristocratic palwaar ke ke aapan  fortifications ke dismantle karwae. Dhire-dhire, ek aur aadha saal ke baad, Confucius aur uske disciples  Shu palwaar ke manae liin ki uu Hu kediwaal ke tuurr de , Ji palwaar  Bi ke diwaal ke ruuurr de, aur Meng palwaar  Cheng ke diwaal ke rurr de. Sab se pahile,  Shu palwaar ke sena  Hou gais aur uske diwaal ke tuurr diis 498 BCE me.{{sfn|Dubs|1946|p=277}}

{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = Confucius, fresco from a Western Han tomb of Dongping County, Shandong province, China.jpg
| width1 = 200
| image2 = Confucius and Laozi, fresco from a Western Han tomb of Dongping County, Shandong province, China.jpg
| width2 = 220
| footer = A [[Western Han]] ({{BCE|202}}{{snd}}{{CE|9}}) [[fresco]] depicting Confucius and [[Laozi]], from a tomb of [[Dongping County]], Shandong
}}

Confucius ii maangat rahaa ki log duusra log ke baare me soche, [[paisa]] aur imaarat ke baare me nai. Uu ii biswas karat rahaa ki janata ke maane ke khaatir tagrraa niyam (rules) hoe ke chaahi. Confucius sochis ki log me paanch rista (relationshp) ke niyam hae, aur usme bhi aapan aapan niyam rahe hae. Dui jan hoe sake hae:
* Rajkumar aur janata
* Pitaji aur larrka
* Admii aur aurat
* Bujurg (elder) aur larrka
* dost

II sab traditional rista hae jiske &quot;five prototypes&quot; bola jaae hae. Confucius ii batais ki ii sab sambandh (relationship) me log ke niyam ke paalan kare ke parri. Jaise ki, janata ke rajkaumar ke sune ke parri, lekin rajkumar ke bhi janata ke sune ke chaahi, uske achchha se raj kare ke khatir.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{BD|-551BC|-478BC|Confucius}}

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    <title>Karl Marx</title>
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      <text bytes="15175" sha1="je5q1xxlct5c3g2i5hzaw4pjje97g6l" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox_Philosopher |
 region = Western Philosophy |
 era = 19th-century philosophy|
 color = #B0C4DE |
 image_name = Karl Marx_001.jpg|
 image_caption = Karl Marx|
 name = Karl Heinrich Marx |
 birth = May 5, 1818 &lt;br /&gt; Trier, Prussia |
 death = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1883|03|14|1818|05|05}} &lt;br /&gt; [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] |
 school_tradition = Marxism |
 main_interests = Politics, Economics, class struggle|
 influences = Kant, Epicurus, Hegel, Feuerbach, [[Max Stirner|Stirner]], Smith, Ricardo, Rousseau, Goethe, Fourier, Comte |
 influenced = Bakunin, Luxemburg, Lenin, [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]], [[Leon Trotsky|Trotsky]], [[Mao Zedong|Mao]], [[Fidel Castro|Castro]], [[Che Guevara|Guevara]], György Lukács, Antonio Gramsci, Hannah Arendt, Jean-Paul Sartre, Guy Debord, Frankfurt School, Antonio Negri, Michael Taussig, [[Kim Il-sung|Kim]], [[Manabendra Nath Roy|Roy]], Bookchin|
 notable_ideas = Co-founder of Marxism (with Engels), Marx's theory of alienation and exploitation of the worker, ''The Communist Manifesto'', ''Das Kapital'', Historical materialism |}}

'''Karl Heinrich Marx''' ([[5 May]] [[1818]] – [[14 March]] [[1883]]) ek [[Germany|German]] thinker aur political thinker rahaa jon ki [[paisa]] ([[economics]]) aur ([[politics]]) ke baare me likis rahaa. Marx ii sochat rahaa ki agar ek jagha majduri ke uppar chale hae tab huan pe [[class struggle]] sab time rahi. Marx sochat rahaa ki class struggle se majduur logan raaj kare sake hae. Uske sab se famous book rahaa ''[[Communist Manifesto]]''. Uu iske [[Friedrich Engels]] ke saathe 1848 me likhis rahaa. Ii book me Communism ke idea aur aim ke likha gais hae. Ii idea ke [[Marxism]] bola jaawe hae.

Uske sab se important kaam ''[[Das Kapit]]'', nai to &quot;Capital&quot;, jiske tiin hissa me baata gais hae. Isme uu likhis hae ki capitalism kaise chale hae aur kaisan bawal ii create kare hae. 

Marx ke sab se popular theory ke  &quot;Materialism&quot; bola jaawe hae, jisme uu batais hae ki [[religion]], [[morality]], [[social structures]] aur dher chij [[economics]] me rooted hae.  

Karl Marx ke janam Germany me 1818 me bhais rahaa, lekin uske dher dafe duusra des jaawe k parra kahe ki sarkar uske bichar se kusi nai rahaa. 

Marx, [[London]] me bahut din talak rahaa, jahan pe uu 1883 me maraa. Uske mare ke baad, uske friend, Engels uske dher book ke khalaas karis. 

==Jeewan Kahaani==
===Bachpan aur parrhai (1818 - 1836)===
[[File:Trier BW 2014-06-21 11-11-49.jpg|thumb|left|Karl MArx ke janam sthan, abhi Brückenstraße 10, Trier me. Uske palwaar ground floor me dui room me aur first floor me tiin room me rahat rahin.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=178, Plate 1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Purchased by the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] in 1928, it now houses a museum devoted to him.{{sfn|Wheen|2001|pp=12–13}}]]
Karl Marx ke janam 5 May 1818 me trier, Kingdom pf Prussia me bhais rahaa. Uske pitaji aur maiyaa, Heinrich Marx aur Henriette Pressburg rahin.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Wheen|2001|pp=8, 12}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Marx ke palwaar suruu me non-religious [[Yahudi]] rahin, lekin uske paida hoe se pahile [[Isai dharam]] me convert hoe gay rahin. Uske naana ek Dutch rabbi rahaa, jab uske pitaji ke palwaar Trier ke rabbi 1723 se rahaa, jon uske aaja bhi rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|pp=4–5}}; {{harvnb|Wheen|2001|pp=7–9, 12}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|pp=2–3}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Uske pitaji palwaar ke pahila jan rahaa jiske secular parrhai mila rahaa. Uu ek wakiil banaa rahaa aur uske achchhaa income rahaa aur uske palwaar kuchh viyards ke bhi maalik rahaa. Jab Prussia Rhineland ke aapan niche kar liis aur Jewish emancipation ke khatam kar dewa gias,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6q0OHHNyFeEC&amp;pg=PA419 |title=Constantine's Sword: The Church and the Jews – A History |last=Carroll |first=James |year=2002 |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] |isbn=978-0-547-34888-9 |page=419 |language=en |access-date=2 April 2018 |archive-date=24 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924094733/https://books.google.com/books?id=6q0OHHNyFeEC&amp;pg=PA419 |url-status=live |via=[[Google Books]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Marx ke pitaji Yahudi dharam se Evangelical Church of Prussia me convert hoe gais, jisse uu wakill ke kaam karte rahe sake.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|pp=4–6}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|pp=2–4}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Marx ke pitaji bahur dharmik nai rahaa aur philosophers [[Immanuel Kant]] aur [[Voltaire]] ke bichaar me interested rahaa. Uu ek liberal rahaa aur Prussia ke constitution ke badle ke andolan me hissa liis rahaa, jon uu time puura monarchy rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|pp=5, 8–12}}; {{harvnb|Wheen|2001|p=11}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|pp=5–6}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 1815 me MArx ke pitaji wakiil ke kaam suruu karis aur aapan palwaar ke Porta Nigra me move karis.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Wheen|2001|p=10}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=7}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Marx ke maiyaa, ek Dutch Yahudi rahii aur ek dhani palwaar ke rahi jon baad me Philips Electronics ke suruu karis rahaa.

Marx ke bachpan ke baare me bahut nai jaana jaae hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|p=12}}; {{harvnb|Wheen|2001|p=13}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Marx nau larrkan me se tiisra rahaa aur jab 1819 me uske barraa bhaiyaa ke maut hoe gais tab Marx sab se barraa larrka banaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=7}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Marx, aur uske bhaiyaa aur bahini logan ke Lutheran Church me 28 August 1824 me baptise karaa gais rahaa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Turley |first=Justin |date=2020-08-24 |title=The Baptism of Karl Marx, 1824 |url=https://landmarkevents.org/the-baptism-of-karl-marx-1824/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Landmark Events |language=en |archive-date=12 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712232703/https://landmarkevents.org/the-baptism-of-karl-marx-1824/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; aur uske maiyaa ke November 1825 me baptise karaa gais rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Karl Marx: Dictionary of National Biography |volume=37 |pages=57–58 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-19-861387-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Marx ke sikchhaa uske pitaji diis rahaa, jabtak uu Trier High School me nai bharti bhais rahaa({{Interlanguage link|Friedrich-Wilhelm-Gymnasium (Trier)|de|3=Friedrich-Wilhelm-Gymnasium (Trier)|lt=Trier High School}}), jiske headmaster, uske pitaji ke friend rahaa. School ke dher teacher log liberal rahin jisse conservative sarkar khus nai rahaa. 1832 me Police school ke raid karis aur ii paais ki liberal literature ke larrkan ke dewa jaawat rahaa. Sarkar school ke dher teacher ke replace kar diis.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976 |pp=12–15}}; {{harvnb|Wheen|2001|p=13}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|pp=7–11}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

October 1835 me, 16 saal ke umar me Marx University of Bonn gais, jahaan pe uu philosophy aur literature parrhe maangat rahaa, lekin uske pitaji uske wakiili parrhe ke maangat rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|pp=15–16}}; {{harvnb|Wheen|2001|p=14}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=13}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Uske kharaab tabiyat ke kaaran uske military service se chhuut milaa. Jab uu University of Bonn me rahaa, tab uu Poet's Club ke member banaa, jisme political radicals rahin aur jipe police aankhi rakkhe rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|p=20}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=14}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Marx also joined the Trier Tavern Club drinking society and at one point served as the club's co-president.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Wheen|2001|p=16}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;drinking1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Karl Marx: the drinking years|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/what-to-see/karl-marx-drinking-years/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/what-to-see/karl-marx-drinking-years/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |first=Rachel |last=Holmes |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=14 October 2017}}{{cbignore}}{{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt; August 1836 me uu University ke Borussian corps ke ek member se duel karis rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|pp=21–22}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=14}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Jabki first term me uske grade achchhaa rahaa, ii dhire-dhire kharaab hoe lagaa aur uske pitaji uske force kar ke University of Berlin tranfer karis.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Nicolaievsky|Maenchen-Helfen|1976|p=22}}; {{harvnb|Wheen|2001|pp=16–17}}; {{harvnb|McLellan|2006|p=14}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duusra websites ==
=== Bibliography and online texts ===
* [[Marx and Engels Internet Archive]] [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/]
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/critique-hpr/ ''Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right] (1843)''
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/jewish-question/ ''On the Jewish Question''] (1843)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/james-mill/ ''Notes on James Mill''] (1844)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/preface.htm ''Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844''] (1844)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/theses/theses.htm ''Theses on Feuerbach''] (1845)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/ ''The German Ideology''] [with Engels] (1845-46)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/poverty-philosophy/ ''The Poverty of Philosophy''] (1846-47)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/wage-labour/ ''Wage-Labour and Capital''] (1847)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ ''Manifesto of the Communist Party''] [with Engels] (1847-48)
*** [http://librivox.org/the-communist-manifesto-by-karl-marx-and-friendrich-engels Free audiobook] from [http://librivox.org LibriVox] ([http://librivox.org/manifest-der-kommunistischen-partei-von-karl-marx-und-friedrich-engels/ Also available in German])
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1852/18th-brumaire/ ''The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte''] (1852)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1857/grundrisse/ ''Grundrisse''] (1857-58) 
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1859/critique-pol-economy/ ''A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy''] (1859)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1861/us-civil-war/index.htm ''Writings on the U.S. Civil War''] [with Engels; compiled] (1861)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1863/theories-surplus-value/ ''Theories of Surplus Value, 3 volumes''] (1862)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1865/value-price-profit/ ''Value, Price and Profit''] (1865)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/index.htm ''Capital vol. 1''] (1867)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1871/civil-war-france/ ''The Civil War in France''] (1871)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1875/gotha/ ''Critique of the Gotha Programme''] (1875)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1881/01/wagner.htm ''Notes on Wagner''] (1883)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/cw/volume36/ ''Capital, vol. 2''] [posthumously, by Engels] (1893)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1894-c3/ ''Capital, vol. 3''] [posthumously, by Engels] (1894)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/letters/index.htm ''Letters''] [with Engels; compiled] (1833-95)
* ''Ethnological Notebooks'' — ISBN 90-232-0924-9 (1879-80)
* {{gutenberg author|id=Karl_Marx|name=Karl Marx}}
* [http://www.sicetnon.org/modules.php?op=modload&amp;name=PagEd&amp;file=index&amp;topic_id=2&amp;page_id=77 &quot;The Reality Behind Commodity Fetishism&quot; (in English)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003155654/http://www.sicetnon.org/modules.php?op=modload&amp;name=PagEd&amp;file=index&amp;topic_id=2&amp;page_id=77 |date=2006-10-03 }} at [http://www.sicetnon.org/index.php ''Sic et Non'' (in German)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701195045/http://www.sicetnon.org/index.php |date=2012-07-01 }}
* [http://libcom.org/library/karl-marx Libertarian Communist Library Karl Marx Archive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113180235/http://libcom.org/library/karl-marx |date=2009-01-13 }}
* [http://www.freeinfosociety.com/site.php?postnum=77 Karl Marx Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060509021009/http://www.freeinfosociety.com/site.php?postnum=77 |date=2006-05-09 }}
* [http://www.zeno.org/Philosophie/M/Marx,+Karl Works by Karl Marx] at Zeno.org (German)

=== Biographies ===
* ''[http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1892/11/marx.htm Biography of Marx]''
* ''[http://www.marxists.org/archive/mehring/1918/marx/ch01.htm Karl Marx: The Story of His Life]'' 
* ''[http://welshcommunists.co.uk/karl.htm Karl Marx Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209210026/http://welshcommunists.co.uk/karl.htm |date=2008-02-09 }}''
* ''[http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/isj85/morgan.htm Karl Marx: A Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410103159/http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/isj85/morgan.htm |date=2013-04-10 }}''
* ''[http://www.amazon.com/Karl-Marx-Korsch/dp/2851840681/ Karl Marx Biography]'' 
* ''[http://www.amazon.com/Marx-life-works-Macmillan-chronology/dp/0333280490/ Marx, life and works]''

=== Articles aur Entries ===
* [http://www2.pfeiffer.edu/~lridener/DSS/Marx/MARXPER.HTML Dead Sociologists - Karl Marx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814015434/http://www2.pfeiffer.edu/~lridener/DSS/Marx/MARXPER.HTML |date=2007-08-14 }}
* [http://www.marxists.org/archive/mandel/19xx/marx/ Ernest Mandel, ''Karl Marx'' (New Palgrave article)]
* [http://www.anti-caste.org/marx-and-engels-on-india-and-the-colonial-question.html '''Marx on India and the Colonial Question'''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821140512/http://www.anti-caste.org/marx-and-engels-on-india-and-the-colonial-question.html |date=2009-08-21 }} from [http://www.anti-caste.org anti-caste] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060422140533/http://www.anti-caste.org/ |date=2006-04-22 }}
* [http://www.iisg.nl/collections/marx/ Portraits of Karl Marx]
* [http://www.fes.de/marx/falt_en.html The Karl Marx Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211182217/http://www.fes.de/marx/falt_en.html |date=2007-02-11 }}
* [http://marxmyths.org/index.shtml Marxmyths.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116191844/http://marxmyths.org/index.shtml |date=2007-01-16 }} - Various essays on misinterpretations of Marx
* Paul Dorn, [http://www.runmuki.com/paul/writing/marx.html The Paris Commune and Marx' Theory of Revolution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231202/http://www.runmuki.com/paul/writing/marx.html |date=2016-03-03 }} 
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marx/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry]
* [http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0717-28.htm Why Marx is the Man of the Moment]


{{bio-stub}}
{{BD|1818|1883|Marx, Karl}}

[[Category:Germany ke log]]
[[Category:Philosophers|Marx, Karl]]
[[Category:Sociologists|Marx, Karl]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Perumal Mupnar</title>
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      <text bytes="3657" sha1="a165obpqjnjkve5hefa1732nopnp85y" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Person
|name          = Perumal Mupnar
|image         = 
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|caption       = Perumal Mupnar
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|known_for     = Fiji ke House of Representatives ke member: 2001 - 2006
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'''Perumal Mupnar''', [[Fiji]] ke ek Hindustani politician hae, jon ki [[Fiji Labour Party]] ke supporter hae. 2001 ke election me uu [[Yasawa Nawaka Open Constituency (Fiji) 1999 - 2006|Yasawa Nawaka Open Constituency]] se [[Fiji ke House of Representatives]] me chuna gais rahaa.  2006 ke election me uu [[Nadi Rural Indian Communal Constituency (Fiji)|Nadi Rural Indian Communal Constituency]] se chuna gais rahaa. 


1999 ke election ke baad uske  Senate me appoint karaa gais rahaa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.apo-tokyo.org/gp/e_publi/gsc/0404APPENDICES.pdf |title=Top Forum on Green Productivity |access-date=2010-08-31 |archive-date=2007-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070707115923/http://www.apo-tokyo.org/gp/e_publi/gsc/0404APPENDICES.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

2003  me uu 14 FLP parliamentarians me se ek rahaa jiske  Laisenia Qarase cabinet position offer karis rahaa aur uske Ministry for Transport  ke ofer rahaa lekin FLP iske reject kar diis.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.fiji.gov.fj/cgi-bin/cms/exec/view.cgi/8/1196/printer |title=PM announces 14 FLP Ministers |access-date=2010-08-31 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927231649/http://www.fiji.gov.fj/cgi-bin/cms/exec/view.cgi/8/1196/printer |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

2006 ke election ke baad uu House of Representatives me uu Labour Party Whip banaa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://stuckinfijimud.blogspot.com/2006_06_11_archive.html |title=PM Qarase to discipline Cabinet minister |access-date=2013-08-16 |archive-date=2011-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028183511/http://stuckinfijimud.blogspot.com/2006_06_11_archive.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Baad me uske aur FLP leader, [[Mahendra Chaudhry]] ke biich me fuut hoe gais aur uu Chaudhry's choice of Senators following the 2006 election ke virod me awwaj uthais.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ecsiep.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=631&amp;Itemid=92 |title=Fiji Labour MP says there are no grounds for him to be expelled from party |access-date=2007-06-16 |archive-date=2007-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616142432/http://www.ecsiep.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=631&amp;Itemid=92 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
{{Fiji-politician-stub}}

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{FIJIKEHINDUSTANIPOLITICIAN99-06}}

{{BD|||Mupnar, Perumal}}
[[Category:M]]
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[[Category:Nadi ke log]]
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[[Category:Fiji ke House of Representatives ke member]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Golf</title>
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| image      = Golfer swing.jpg
| caption    = 
| union      = [[The R&amp;A]]&lt;br /&gt;[[United States Golf Association|USGA]]&lt;br /&gt;[[International Golf Federation|IGF]]
| nickname   =
| first      = 15th century, [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]]
| registered =
| contact    = No
| team       =
| equipment  = [[golf ball|Ball]], [[golf club|clubs]], [[tee]]
| mgender    =
| category   = Outdoor
| ball       = [[Golf club]]s, [[golf ball]]s, and others
| glossary   = [[Glossary of golf]]
| olympic    = [[1900 Summer Olympics|1900]], [[1904 Summer Olympics|1904]],&lt;br&gt;since [[2016 Summer Olympics|2016]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/past/index_uk.asp| title=Olympic sports of the past| publisher=Olympic Movement| access-date=29 March 2009| archive-date=18 December 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218082711/http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/past/index_uk.asp| url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Associated Press file |url=http://www.cleveland.com/sports/index.ssf/2009/10/golf_rugby_make_olympic_roster.html |title=Golf, rugby make Olympic roster for 2016, 2020 |publisher=cleveland.com |date=9 October 2009 |access-date=23 September 2010 |archive-date=27 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527015814/http://www.cleveland.com/sports/index.ssf/2009/10/golf_rugby_make_olympic_roster.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''Golf''' ek rakm ke game hae jisme khilaarri log ek chhota ball ke golf club se maar ke ek chhed me girae ke kosis kare hae.

== Duusra websites ==
* [http://www.goldheadquarters.com/bestplayers Best Players]
* [http://www.usga.com/rules/index.html Rules of Golf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031008044734/http://www.usga.com/rules/index.html |date=2003-10-08 }}
* [http://golf.about.com/library/weekly/blguidereviews.htm Golf Equipment Reviews] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723100300/http://golf.about.com/library/weekly/blguidereviews.htm |date=2008-07-23 }}
* [http://wings.avkids.com/Book/Sports/instructor/golf-01.html Golf ball aerodynamics]
* [http://golf.about.com/library/glossary/blglossary.htm Golfers' Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704161305/http://golf.about.com/library/glossary/blglossary.htm |date=2008-07-04 }}
* [http://www.blog.golftipsonline.co.uk/ A Nice Golf Tips Blog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011234711/http://blog.golftipsonline.co.uk/ |date=2008-10-11 }}
* [http://www.golferinc.com/ Golf news]
* [http://golf.about.com/cs/historyofgolf/ Golf history] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030201082929/http://golf.about.com/cs/historyofgolf/ |date=2003-02-01 }}
* [http://golf.about.com/cs/triviaquizzes/ Golf trivia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719184801/http://golf.about.com/cs/triviaquizzes/ |date=2008-07-19 }}
* [http://www.golfgameplus.com/ Golf Tips &amp; More] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629234618/http://www.golfgameplus.com/ |date=2007-06-29 }}
* [http://www.titleist-golf-clubs.co.uk Titleist Golf Clubs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621073147/http://www.titleist-golf-clubs.co.uk/ |date=2021-06-21 }}
* [http://www.swail.com/ Online Golf Tips &amp; Biomechanics of the golf swing]

[[Category:Golf]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Geneva</title>
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      <text bytes="2134" sha1="trmrrgo0ugg4u1efwzzt9fr0ckhmctd" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Geneve Lac.tif|thumb|Geneve, lac, 1816]]
'''Geneva''', [[Switzerland]] ke duusra sab se barraa city hae, lekin ii des ke French bhasa waala jagha ke sab se baraa city hae. == References ==
{{reflist}}
* Jean de Senarclens, &quot;''Geneva: Historic Guide''&quot;, Editions du Tricorne, 1995. ISBN 2-8293-0144-7

== Duusra websites ==
;Official
* [http://www.geneva.ch/ Geneva - Welcome to Networld]
* [http://www.ville-ge.ch/index_e.htm Official website of the City of Geneva]
* [http://www.geneve.ch/ Official website of the Canton of Geneva] 
* [http://www.geneve.ch/grandconseil/service/accueilmarron.asp The official Chestnut Tree] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129052930/http://www.geneve.ch/grandconseil/service/accueilmarron.asp |date=2011-01-29 }}, on the website of the Canton of Geneva 
* [http://www.geneva-palexpo.ch/ Geneva Palexpo, exhibitions and congresses center, owned by the State of Geneva] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091130220135/http://www.geneva-palexpo.ch/ |date=2009-11-30 }}.
* [http://www.salon-auto.ch/ International Geneva Motor-Show].
;Tourism
* [http://www.geneva-tourism.ch Geneva Tourism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122123259/http://www.geneva-tourism.ch/ |date=2012-11-22 }}
* [http://www.tpg.ch Geneva public transport]
* [http://www.cagi.ch/en/home.html International Geneva Welcome Centre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091208074247/http://www.cagi.ch/en/home.html |date=2009-12-08 }}
* [http://www.geneva.ch/GenevaHistory.htm Brief history of Geneva]
* [http://www.geneva.info/ Geneva information]
;Study
* [http://www.eu-student.eu/erasmusblog Student Blog Geneva] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123184712/http://www.eu-student.eu/erasmusblog/ |date=2009-11-23 }}
* [http://www.unige.ch University of Geneva]
;Other
* [http://www.radiolac.ch/ RadioLac website]
* [http://www.radiocite.ch Radio Cité website]{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.onefm.ch OneFM website]
* [http://www.lemanbleu.ch Léman Bleu local Tv station]

[[Category:Switzerland]]</text>
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    <title>Prachin Kangleipak</title>
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      <text bytes="1467" sha1="59rywleeiblfqju20ah6oy53xb8jdx1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Kangla_Sha.JPG|thumb]]
[[File:Kangla Fort, Manipur, India 7.jpg|thumb]]
'''Prachin Kangleipak''' ya '''Prachin Manipur''' ya '''Prachin Meitei Sabhyata''' vartamaan [[Manipur]] ke ek prachin sabhyata hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://kanglaonline.com/2012/04/ancient-name-of-manipur/?amp=1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-25 |archive-date=2021-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204234253/http://kanglaonline.com/2012/04/ancient-name-of-manipur/?amp=1 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.imphaltimes.com/it-articles/item/5532-is-32-000-years-of-meitei-civilization-a-sign-of-tribalism&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=reviews.books.Review_Kangleipak_The_Cradle_Of_Man&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://themanipurpage.tripod.com/history/puwarimeitei.html#1.GEOGRAPHIC%20LOCATION%20OF%20MANIPUR |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-25 |archive-date=2025-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812214134/https://themanipurpage.tripod.com/history/puwarimeitei.html#1.GEOGRAPHIC%20LOCATION%20OF%20MANIPUR |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ii sabhyata ka rajdhaani [[Kangla]] me thi.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Kangla.Kangla_The_ancient_Capital_of_Manipur&lt;/ref&gt; Samraat [[Tangja Leela Pakhangba]] (1445 BC-1405 BC) ke sashankaal ke douraan ii sabhyata prachalit hae.&lt;ref&gt;https://themanipurpage.tripod.com/history/meiteikings.html&lt;/ref&gt;

==Reference==
{{Reflist}}


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  <page>
    <title>Pakistan Tehreek-E-Insaf</title>
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      <text bytes="560" sha1="92rnn6r0o3vec7x79w6zlcrk8wv0xcv" xml:space="preserve">'''Peckerstan Tehreek-E-Insaf''' (Abbreviation '''''PTI''''') ek Pakistan political parry raha hai, Arif Alvi aur dusre pradhan isme shamil hai. [[Imran Khan]] se shuru ki gais party 1996 April mein. 2010 mein 10 million log shamil the aur abhi 12 million log, Pakistan ke sabse bade party hai. 

'''Website''': https://www.insaaf.pk {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320065903/http://www.insaaf.pk/ |date=2023-03-20 }}&lt;gallery&gt;
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== li bhi dekho ==
Justice 

Amitabh Bachan aur Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan 
[[vibhag:Pakistan]]
[[vibhag:P]]</text>
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      <text bytes="563" sha1="6ks1c2rgo91150oert8d2fjmzbywaxs" xml:space="preserve">'''Peckerstan Tehreek-E-Insaf''' (Abbreviation '''''PTI''''') ek Pakistan political parry raha hai, Arif Alvi aur dusre pradhan isme shamil hai. [[Imran Khan]] se shuru ki gais party 1996 April mein. 2010 mein 10 million log shamil the aur abhi 12 million log, Pakistan ke sabse bade party hai. 

'''Website''': https://www.insaafpk.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320065903/http://www.insaaf.pk/ |date=2026-04-29 }}&lt;gallery&gt;
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== li bhi dekho ==
Justice 

Amitabh Bachan aur Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan 
[[vibhag:Pakistan]]
[[vibhag:P]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Europe ke sabse dhani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1699" sha1="im1mp3rl0usypuhf038tk6068jx0pun" xml:space="preserve">[[file:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|Europe ka jhanda]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!No.
!Naam
!Dhan (USD)
!Jagha
|-
|1
|Bernard Arnault &amp; Family
|244 billion
|France
|-
|2
|Francoise Bettencourt Meyers &amp; Family
|101 billion
|France
|-
|3
|Gerhard &amp; Alain Weirtheimer
|95 billion
|France
|-
|4
|Aponte Family
|90 billion
|Switzerland
|-
|5
|Giancarlo Devasini
|89.3 billion
|Italy
|-
|6 ya 10
|Klaus aur Leus Kuehne
|44B ya 88B 
|Germany
|-
|7
|Dieter Schwarz
|68 billion
|Germany
|-
|8
|Giovanni Ferrero 
|50 billion
|Italy
|-
|9
|Andrea Pignatoro 
|45 billion
|Italy
|-
|10
|Jean Louise Van De Veerde
|38 billion
|Netherlands
|}

== Li bhi dekho ==
[[Duniya ke sabse dhani (continents)]]

[[Alfa group|Alfa Group]] 100 Billion USD Russia ke Ukraine invasion Bernard Arnault aur parivaar, grievences, 950 Billion USD li bhi dekho David thomson 50 Billion USD 

[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], India ke centibillionaires aur billionaires (purane list Forbes ke list ke baad)

Delphine Arnault aur Xavier Niel aur parivaar, li bhi dekho Diamant

Euro Currency domination li bhi dekho GBP aur USD

[[Jeff Yass]], [[Thomas Petterfy]], [[Masayoshi Son]], [[Jensen Huang]]

== Related ==
Forbes Real Time Billionaires and Worlds Billionaires by Country

[[List of Centibillionaires]]

Everybodywiki

Pavel Durov

[[Kushal Pal Singh]]

[[DK ShivKumar|DK Shivkumar]] aur dhani Bharatiya politicians

[[Niranjan Hiranandani]]

[[Mukesh Ambani]]

[[Nusli Wadia]]

[[Anu Aga]]

Russian Billionaires

Royals aur Politicians

[[USA ke sabse dhani]]

[[Canada ke sabse dhani]]

== Sourced ==
Dushyant Karani aur 950 B Alfa Group li bhi dekho David Thomson aur [[List of Centibillionaires|List of centibillionaires]]
[[vibhag:E]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Donald Trump</title>
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      <text bytes="2014" sha1="ax68ixmiytdnuqycn2y1uga4lq0aw10" xml:space="preserve">[[file:Donald Trump official portrait.jpg|thumb|Donald Trump(45 Rashtrapita America ek), 2017]]
[[file:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|USA ke jhanda]]
'''Donald Trump''' li [[United States|USA]] se Dhani Hotelier&lt;ref&gt;[[The Sting|Sting]] - Movie(Dail Lonnigan)&lt;/ref&gt; aur pichle Rashtrapati [[United States|America]] ke (45th). Li Shri [[Joe Biden]] ke predecessor hai aur Pradhan Mantri hai Smt. [[Kamala Harris]]. Li ke samay [[Mike Pence]] USA ke pradhan mantri the. Li ke bhai [[Robert Trump]] ka dehant hua tha sann 2020 mein. Li ke umar 70s mein hai. Li [[New York City|New York]] aur dusre desh aur sher mein ek popular celebrity bhi hai. Li ko [[United Nations]] se sambodith kiya jata tha New York ke taluk se. Li ne shri [[Barack Obama]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Raja Krishnamoorthi]], [[Bobby Jindal]]&lt;/ref&gt; ko preceed kiya tha aur Shri Joe Biden prashan mantri the. Li ek prolific person the media aur news mein.

Net worth 6.2 se 6.9 billion USD. 

== Career ==
* Li ek TV show Apprentice&lt;ref&gt;[[Top Trumps]]&lt;/ref&gt; bhi chalte the. 
* Ill globally economy band kar rahe the.
* Ill ke pita ka naam Fred tha aur li ke samay military mein the. 
* Li ko [[Ronald Reagan]] pichle rashtrapati (USA) ke saath samanith kiya jata hai. Li ek prolific warist the [[Afghanistan]] mein.&lt;ref&gt;[[Mark T. Esper|'''''Mark T. Esper''''']](Fiji), [[Mike Pompeo]], ''[[Qaseem Soleimani]](dehant 2020)[[Madan L. Thelyani]]''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;'''''[[Bill Clinton]] - Prolific Mind Sprinting([[Donal Wales]])''''' &lt;/ref&gt;
* Li comedy central roast ke liye bhi jane jate the. 
* Li kai functions duniya bhar attend karte the urbanization aur development par. 
* Li ke hotel aur ghar ke bhaar bhi bheed hua karta tha New York mein. 
* Li ke parivaar bhi hotelier aur urbanization se samanith hai. 
* Li ke hotel duniya bhar maujud hai. 
* Li ke samay Flying cars aur solar cars aur duniya ke mashoor lambey buildings aur kafi taraki hua tha duniya mein(covid par li ko kafi nuksaan hua tha, wars ke wajah se).
== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
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  <page>
    <title>Nusli Wadia</title>
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Nusli Wadia: Ness and Jahangir Wadia aur Neville Wadia 

Net worth: 5.5 - 9.6 billion USD 

== Li bhi dekho ==
''Mohammad Jinnah(Liaquat Ali Khan), Dina Wadia, Jesus, Hiranand Karani aur Salvador Dali, Forbes aur Bloomberg''
[[vibhag:N]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dhyan Chand</title>
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      <text bytes="5955" sha1="80jsd9eq0wyyf46f3pixhihn9mlkr0l" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox scientist
| honorific_prefix = [[Major (rank)|Major]]
| image            = Dhyan Chand closeup.jpg
| alt              = 
| caption          = 
| birth_date       = {{Birth date|1905|08|29|df=yes}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Indian hockey's famous legend Dhyan Chand's resume|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/indian-hockeys-famous-legend-dhyan-chands-resume/15527174|access-date=1 April 2016|work=Mid Day|date=3 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401094009/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/indian-hockeys-famous-legend-dhyan-chands-resume/15527174|archive-date=1 April 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401094009/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/indian-hockeys-famous-legend-dhyan-chands-resume/15527174 |date=1 April 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_place      = [[Allahabad]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], [[British India]]&lt;br /&gt;(aaj ke [[Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh]], India)
| death_date       = {{death date and age|df=y|1979|12|03|1905|08|29}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Dharma Raja|first1=M.K.|title=Hockey Wizard Dhyan Chand Remembered|url=http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2000/faug2000/f220820002.html|access-date=1 April 2016|work=[[Press Information Bureau]]|publisher=[[Government of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401090715/http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2000/faug2000/f220820002.html|archive-date=1 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| death_place      = [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]], India
| nickname         = The Wizard, The Magician
| birth_name       = Dhyan Singh
| allegiance       = {{flag|British India}} (1922–1947)&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|India}} (from 1947)
| branch           = {{army|British India}}&lt;br /&gt;{{army|India}}
| serviceyears     = 1922–1956
| unit             = [[1st Brahmans]]&lt;br /&gt;[[14th Punjab Regiment]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Punjab Regiment (India)|Punjab Regiment]]
| rank             = [[File:Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|20px]] [[Major (rank)|Major]]
| awards           = [[File:Padma Bhushan Ribbon.svg|40px]] [[Padma Bhushan]] (1956)
| module           = {{Infobox field hockey player
| image          = Cricket_no_pic.png
| embed          = yes
| height         = 169 cm&lt;ref name=sr&gt;{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ch/dhyan-chand-1.html |title=Dhyan Chand |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417235254/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ch/dhyan-chand-1.html |archive-date=2020-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| position       = [[Striker (field hockey)|Centre-forward]]
| nationalteam1  = [[India men's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalyears1 = 1926–1949
| nationalcaps1  = 185
| nationalgoals1 = 570
| medaltemplates = 
{{MedalSport | Men's [[field hockey]] }}
{{MedalCountry | {{flag|British India|name=India}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]}} [[File:Olympic rings.svg|center|80px]]
{{MedalGold | [[1928 Summer Olympics|1928 Amsterdam]] | [[Field hockey at the 1928 Summer Olympics|Team]]}}
{{MedalGold | [[1932 Summer Olympics|1932 Los Angeles]] | [[Field hockey at the 1932 Summer Olympics|Team]]}}
{{MedalGold | [[1936 Summer Olympics|1936 Berlin]] | [[Field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Western Asiatic Games]] }}
{{MedalGold | [[Western Asiatic Games|1934 Delhi]]|}} [[Team]]
}}
}}
'''Dhyan Chand''' ([[29 August]] [[1905]] - [[3 December]] [[1979]]), [[India]] ke ek [[hockey]] khilaarri rahaa, jiske hockey ke itihaas me sab se mashuur hockey ke khilaarri maana jaae hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=From Dhyan Chand to Dhanraj Pillay: The best Indian hockey players in history |url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/indian-hockey-players-best-dhyan-chand-balbir-singh-dhanraj-pillay-sreejesh |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=Olympics}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chand ke uske ball control aur goal banae ke aur 1928, 1932 aur 1936  ke [[Olympic Game]]s me medal jiite khaatir jaana jaae hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Sports Day 2021: Remembering India's golden hockey wizard, Major Dhyan Chand |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/sports/national-sports-day-2021-remembering-indias-golden-hockey-wizard-major-dhyan-chand |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=[[Free Press Journal]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chand India ke khatir international hockey 1926 se 1949 talak khelis, jisme uu 185 game me 570 goal banais.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Sports Day 2021: Remembering India's golden hockey wizard, Major Dhyan Chand |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/sports/national-sports-day-2021-remembering-indias-golden-hockey-wizard-major-dhyan-chand |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=[[Free Press Journal]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uu aapan puura career me 1,000 se jaada gaol banais hae.&lt;ref name=&quot;Discover hockey's answer to Pele&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2004-02-26 |title=Discover hockey's answer to Pele |language=en-GB |work=bbc.co.uk |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/hockey/features/newsid_3490000/3490504.stm |access-date=2021-09-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; BBC uske India ke Muhammed Ali ke naam diis rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Discover hockey's answer to Pele&quot;/&gt; 1956 me, India ke sarkar uske India ke tiisra sab se barraa civilian honour,  [[Padma Bhushan]] diis rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Padma Awards&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; 1956 me India ke sarkar uske Padma Bhusan award diis rahaa. Uske birthday ke din , 29 August, India me National Sports Day hae aur India ke sab se barraa khel ke award, Major Dhyan Chand khel Ratna, uske naam ke niche hae.

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{BD|1905|1979|Chand, Dhyan}}

[[vibhag:D]]
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    <title>Hailey Bieber</title>
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| image        = 
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| birth_name   = Hailey Rhode Baldwin
| birth_date   = {{birth date and age|1996|11|22}}
| birth_place  = [[Tucson, Arizona]], U.S.
| occupation   = {{hlist|Model|socialite|media personality|businesswoman}}
| years_active = 2014–present
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Justin Bieber]]|2018}}
| children     = 1
| relatives    = [[Eumir Deodato]] (maternal grandfather)&lt;br&gt;[[Alec Baldwin]] (paternal uncle)&lt;br&gt;[[Pattie Mallette]] (mother-in-law)
| family       = [[Baldwin family|Baldwin]]
| height       = 
|mother=Kennya Baldwin|father=[[Stephen Baldwin]]
}}
'''Hailey Bieber''', jiske pahile '''Hailey Rhode Baldwin''' ke naam se jaana jaat rahaa, (janam: 22 November  1996) ek [[America]]n model, socialite, creative director aur businesswoman hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Lambert|first=Molly|date=February 5, 2020|title=The Secret Life of Mrs. Hailey Bieber|url=https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a30715484/hailey-bieber-interview-2020/|access-date=March 5, 2021|website=ELLE|language=en-US|archive-date=March 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310223631/https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a30715484/hailey-bieber-interview-2020/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uu skincare brand,  brand Rhode ke suruu karis hae aur advertisements [[Guess (clothing)|Guess]], [[Ralph Lauren Corporation|Ralph Lauren]], and [[Tommy Hilfiger (company)|Tommy Hilfiger.]] ke khaatir karis hae&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8464451/who-is-hailey-baldwin-facts|title=5 Things to Know About Hailey Baldwin|magazine=Billboard|access-date=February 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906100517/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8464451/who-is-hailey-baldwin-facts|archive-date=September 6, 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Company Rhode 1 Billion USD ke liye acquire kiya gya tha, net worth 300 Billion USD hai pehle 20 million ki thi. 
==Reference==
{{reflist}}
{{BD|1996||Bieber, Hailey}}

[[vibhag:H]]
[[vibhag:B]]
[[vibhag:United States ke log]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kushal Pal Singh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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'''Kushal Pal Singh''' (Janam: 15 August 1931), [[India]] ke ek billionaire hae. 2008 me uu dunia ke 8th sab se dhani jan rahaa.

Net worth 11.9 - 20.9 Billion USD

{{stub}}

== Li bhi dekho ==
[[Niranjan Hiranandani]]

{{BD|1931||Singh, Kushal Pal}}
[[vibhag:S]]
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  <page>
    <title>Anu Aga</title>
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      <text bytes="2295" sha1="7etlg0k4wcqwtlez3vhnyr766wcpli9" xml:space="preserve">[[file:Anu Aga.jpg|thumb|Anu Aga]]
Anu Aga (janam 3 August 1942) ek Indian billionaire businesswoman aur social worker hai jon Thermax, ek energy aur environment engineering business, ke chairperson ke roop mein 1996 se 2004 tak chalaais. Uu aath sab se dhani Indian auraton mein se ek rahii, aur 2007 mein Forbes magazine ke mutabik net worth ke hisab se 40 sab se dhani Indians mein se ek rahii. Uu ke ALL Ladies League, ASSOCHAM ke all ladies wing, dwara Mumbai Women of the Decade Achievers Award se sammaanit kiya gayaa.

Thermax se retire hone ke baad, uu social work karne lagii, aur 2010 mein uu ke Government of India dwara Social Work ke liye Padma Shri se sammaanit kiya gayaa. Uu abhi Teach For India ke Chairperson hai. Uu ke 26 April 2012 ko President Pratibha Patil dwara Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament ke Upper House, ke liye nominate kiya gayaa.

Forbes ke India ke 100 sabse dhani tycoons ke list ke anusar, date OCTOBER 09, 2024, Anu Aga $4.7 Billion ke net worth ke saath 67th rank pe hai.

==Early Life and Education (Bachpan ke Din aur Padhai-Likhai)==

Anu Aga ke janam 3 August 1942 ko Bombay mein ek Parsi Zoroastrian family mein hua rahaa.

Uu St Xavier's College, Mumbai se economics mein B.A. aur Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai se medical aur psychiatric social work mein post graduation ki degree hasil karis. Uu Fulbright Scholar bhi rahii rahii aur chaar mahina ke liye United States mein padhai karis.

==Personal Life (Niji Zindagi)==

Anu ke shadi Rohinton Aga se hui rahii, jon Harvard Business School ke graduate rahaa aur uu se ek beti, Meher, aur ek beta, Kurush, hua. Rohinton ke maut 1996 mein ek bhari stroke se ho gais, aur thoda ek saal se jaadaa baad, uu ke beta Kurush 25 saal ke umar mein gujar gais. Aaj, Arnavaz 'Anu' Aga Pune, Maharashtra mein rahat hai.

Uu ke beti, Meher Pudumjee abhi Thermax ke Chairperson hai, jon 2004 mein uu ke maa se charge liya. Uu Imperial College of Science and Technology, London se chemical engineering mein post-graduate hai aur September 1990 mein Thermax join karis, aur Confederation of Indian Industry's (CII) Family Business Forum aur Young Indians (YI) ke bhi member hai.
==Related==
[[Meher Pudumjee]]

Rahul aur Kapil Bhatia

[[Europe ke sabse dhani]]
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    <title>Derya Karadaş</title>
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| name = Derya Karadaş
| native_name = Derya Karadaş
| native_name_lang = tr
| image = Derya Karadaş.jpg
| caption = Derya Karadaş
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1981|05|04}}
| birth_place = [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]
| nationality = Turkish
| occupation = Actress, acting instructor
| years_active = 2007–aaj tak
| spouse = Haki Biçici (m. 2016)
}}

'''Derya Karadaş''' ({{lang-tr|Derya Karadaş}}; janam: 4 May 1981) ek Turkish actress aur acting instructor hai. Uu television, cinema aur theatre me kaam karis hai. Uske khaas kar ke Turkish comedy show ''Yalan Dünya'' me 'Zerrin' ke role kare khatir jaana jaawe hai. Derya Karadaş aapan career me comedy aur drama dono rakam ke role karis hai.

== Janam aur parrhai ==
Derya Karadaş ke janam 4 May 1981 ke Turkey ke Istanbul shahar me bhais rahaa. Uske palwaar asal me Bingöl province ke rahe waala hai aur uu Kurdish (Kurd) mul ke hai. 1980s ke shuruaati time me, uske palwaar Istanbul aae gais rahaa. Uu tiin bahin me sab se chhot hai. Uu public interview me aapan Kurdish root ke confirm karis hai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.medyafaresi.com/haber/derya-karadasin-isyani-evet-kurtum/154250|title=Derya Karadaş'ın isyanı! Evet Kürt'üm..|last=Medyafaresi|date=2013-12-29|website=medyafaresi.com|language=tr-TR|access-date=2026-03-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Acting ke field me jaae khatir uu Müjdat Gezen Art Center ke Conservatory me admission liis. Huaan se uu acting ke parrhai karis. Aapan parrhai puura kare ke baad, uu wahi sanstha me ek acting instructor ke rup me parrrhawe ke kaam bhi karis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kocaeligundem.com/haber/19141801/derya-karadasin-hayati-ve-filmleri-yandaki-odanin-yildizi-hakkinda-her-sey|title=&quot;Derya Karadaş'ın Hayatı ve filmleri: &quot;Yandaki Oda&quot;nın Yıldızı Hakkında Her Şey&quot;|last=Ajansı|first=İhlas Haber|date=2024-02-08|website=Kocaeli Gündem|language=tr|access-date=2026-03-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Television aur acting career ==
[[File:Derya Karadaş 2017.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Derya Karadaş (2017)]]
Derya Karadaş aapan television career ke shuruaat 2007 me ''Gemilerde Talim Var'' naam ke show se karis rahaa. 2012 me, uske Kanal D ke sitcom ''Yalan Dünya'' me act kare ke mauka milaa. Ii show me uske 'Zerrin' ke character dekhe waala log ke biich me bahut popular bhais. Ii role ke kaaran uske bahut recognition milaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://sametozcelik.com/2012/06/10/derya-karadas-ben-konsomatris-degilim/|title=Derya Karadaş: “Ben konsomatris değilim”|date=2012-06-10|work=Samet Özçelik|access-date=2026-03-10|language=tr-TR}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220175432/http://sametozcelik.com/2012/06/10/derya-karadas-ben-konsomatris-degilim/ |date=2015-02-20 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 2024 me, uu ''Yandaki Oda'' (The Next Room) naam ke ek nawaa project me dekhaai diis.

== Theatre ke safar ==
Television ke alawa, Derya Karadaş theatre me bhi active rahis hai. Uu &quot;Dur Bi Dakka!&quot; aur &quot;Stage Beauty&quot; jaise naatak (play) me acting karis hai. Haali me, uu Turkish director Emin Alper ke pahila theatre play &quot;Öteki&quot; me role karis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tiyatrodergisi.com.tr/emin-alperin-ilk-tiyatro-oyunu-oteki-seyirciyle-bulusmak-icin-gun-sayiyor/|title=Emin Alper'in İlk Tiyatro Oyunu &quot;Öteki&quot;, Seyirciyle Buluşmak İçin Gün Sayıyor {{!}} Tiyatro Dergisi|date=2023-12-26|language=tr|access-date=2026-03-10|archive-date=2023-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229095453/https://tiyatrodergisi.com.tr/emin-alperin-ilk-tiyatro-oyunu-oteki-seyirciyle-bulusmak-icin-gun-sayiyor/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Theatre aur artistic freedom ke baare me bhi uu aapan vichaar batais hai, jisme uu Turkish state theatre ke structure aur sarkaari paisa ke use ke baare me aalochna (criticism) waala baat bolis rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalDetayV3&amp;ArticleID=1081298&amp;CategoryID=82|title=Devletten para alıp, devleti eleştirme durumu olmuyor / Hayat / Radikal İnternet|work=Radikal|access-date=2026-03-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cinema aur sammaan ==
Cinema ke field me Derya 2015 ke comedy movie ''Geniş Aile: Yapıştır'' se shuruaat karis. Iske baad uu ''Aile Arasında'' naam ke comedy movie aur historical drama movie ''Ayla'' me bhi dekhaai diis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.milliyet.com.tr/gundem/derya-karadas-kimdir-2564898|title=Derya Karadaş kimdir?|date=2017-12-01|website=Milliyet|language=tr|access-date=2026-03-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aapan acting ke khatir uske 'Antalya Television Awards' aur 'Sadri Alışık Theatre and Cinema Awards' me best actress ke award se sammaanit karaa gais hai.

== Personal life ==
2016 me, Derya Karadaş Turkish actor Haki Biçici ke saathe shaadi karis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/canonicalUrl|title=Derya Karadaş ve Haki Biçici evlendi|last=DERYAHAN|first=Mustafa|date=2016-02-06|website=www.sozcu.com.tr|language=tr|access-date=2026-03-10|archive-date=2023-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203134916/https://www.sozcu.com.tr/canonicalUrl|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Bahaari jorr ==
* [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6088783 Wikidata pe Derya Karadaş (Q6088783)]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karadaş, Derya}}
[[Category:1981 me janam lene waale]]
[[Category:Jinda log]]
[[Category:Turkey ke actress]]
[[Category:Turkey ke television actress]]
[[Category:Turkey ke movie actress]]
[[Category:Istanbul ke log]]
[[Category:2026 Wiki Loves Ramadan muqabla ke lekh]]</text>
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    <title>USA ke sabse dhani</title>
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[[United States of America]] duniya ke zayada centibillionaores aur billionaires ke desh mein se hai. 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Naam
!Dhan
!Company
|-
|[[Elon Musk]]
|857 Billion
|[[Tesla]]
|-
|Walton family
|550 Billion
|[[Walmart]]
|-
|Larry Ellison
|395 Billion
|Oracle
|-
|Larry Page
|293 Billion
|Alphabet
|-
|[[Jeff Bezos]]
|282 Billion
|[[Amazon]]
|-
|Mark Zuckerberg
|277 Billion
|Meta
|-
|Sergey Brin
|273 Billion
|Alphabet
|-
|Jensen Huang
|188 Billion 
|Nvidia
|-
|Steve Ballmer
|188 Billion
|[[Microsoft]]
|-
|Michael Dell
|180 Billion
|Dell
|-
|[[Bill Gates]]
|179 Billion
|[[Microsoft]]
|-
|Warren Buffett
|169 Billion
|Berkshire Hathaway
|}

== Honorable Mentions ==
Koch Family, Mars Family, Michael Bloomberg. Thomas Petterffy, Jeff Yass, Mackenzie Scott, Melinda Gates

USD currency domination, li bhi dekho GBP EUR

== Related ==
India aur China ke dhani, [[Europe ke sabse dhani]], [[Canada ke sabse dhani]]

Michael Jackson, Amish

Forbes aur Bloomberg Billionaires lists

[[List of Centibillionaires|List of centibillionaires]]

USD market control

Companies by Market cap

List of politicians, parties and royals

[[Instagram]], [[Facebook]], [[Google]]

== Source ==
Dushyant Karani
[[vibhag:U]]
[[vibhag:S]]
[[vibhag:A]]</text>
      <sha1>hej182u8qarpul891c1mqsv02mzta0j</sha1>
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    <revision>
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[[United States of America]] duniya ke zayada centibillionaores aur billionaires ke desh mein se hai. 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Naam
!Dhan
!Company
|-
|[[Elon Musk]]
|857 Billion
|[[Tesla]]
|-
|Walton family
|575 Billion
|[[Walmart]]
|-
|Larry Ellison
|395 Billion
|Oracle
|-
|Larry Page
|293 Billion
|Alphabet
|-
|[[Jeff Bezos]]
|282 Billion
|[[Amazon]]
|-
|Mark Zuckerberg
|277 Billion
|Meta
|-
|Sergey Brin
|273 Billion
|Alphabet
|-
|Jensen Huang
|188 Billion 
|Nvidia
|-
|Steve Ballmer
|188 Billion
|[[Microsoft]]
|-
|Michael Dell
|180 Billion
|Dell
|-
|[[Bill Gates]]
|179 Billion
|[[Microsoft]]
|-
|Warren Buffett
|169 Billion
|Berkshire Hathaway
|}

== Honorable Mentions ==
Koch Family, Mars Family, Michael Bloomberg. Thomas Petterffy, Jeff Yass, Mackenzie Scott, Melinda Gates

USD currency domination, li bhi dekho GBP EUR

== Related ==
India aur China ke dhani, [[Europe ke sabse dhani]], [[Canada ke sabse dhani]]

Michael Jackson, Amish

Forbes aur Bloomberg Billionaires lists

[[List of Centibillionaires|List of centibillionaires]]

USD market control

Companies by Market cap

List of politicians, parties and royals

[[Instagram]], [[Facebook]], [[Google]]

== Source ==
Dushyant Karani
[[vibhag:U]]
[[vibhag:S]]
[[vibhag:A]]</text>
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      <id>334828</id>
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        <id>39821</id>
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      <text bytes="1302" sha1="brzfnasm9jey76iwvk3xhg6329ho26e" xml:space="preserve">[[file:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg|thumb]]
[[United States of America]] duniya ke zayada centibillionaores aur billionaires ke desh mein se hai. 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Naam
!Dhan
!Company
|-
|[[Elon Musk]]
|857 Billion
|[[Tesla]]
|-
|Walton family
|575 Billion
|[[Walmart]]
|-
|Larry Ellison
|395 Billion
|Oracle
|-
|Larry Page
|293 Billion
|Alphabet
|-
|[[Jeff Bezos]]
|282 Billion
|[[Amazon]]
|-
|Mark Zuckerberg
|277 Billion
|Meta
|-
|Sergey Brin
|273 Billion
|Alphabet
|-
|Jensen Huang
|188 Billion 
|Nvidia
|-
|Steve Ballmer
|188 Billion
|[[Microsoft]]
|-
|Michael Dell
|181 Billion
|Dell
|-
|[[Bill Gates]]
|179 Billion
|[[Microsoft]]
|-
|Warren Buffett
|169 Billion
|Berkshire Hathaway
|}

== Honorable Mentions ==
Koch Family, Mars Family, Michael Bloomberg. Thomas Petterffy, Jeff Yass, Mackenzie Scott, Melinda Gates

USD currency domination, li bhi dekho GBP EUR

== Related ==
India aur China ke dhani, [[Europe ke sabse dhani]], [[Canada ke sabse dhani]]

Michael Jackson, Amish

Forbes aur Bloomberg Billionaires lists

[[List of Centibillionaires|List of centibillionaires]]

USD market control

Companies by Market cap

List of politicians, parties and royals

[[Instagram]], [[Facebook]], [[Google]]

== Source ==
Dushyant Karani
[[vibhag:U]]
[[vibhag:S]]
[[vibhag:A]]</text>
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    <ns>0</ns>
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        <id>41</id>
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      <comment>/* Janam */</comment>
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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MDCXXXIX) ek sadhaaran saal rahaa, jon ki sanichar ke din suruu bhais rahaa.  Ii  [[2nd millennium]] ke 639th aur [[17th century]] 39th saal rahaa,  aur  [[1630s]] dassak ke 10th saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 1695-1696, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1560-1561, Kali Yuga ke 4739-4740, Buddhist calendar ke 2183, Islamic calendar ke 1048-1049, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 171 saal rahaa. 

== Ghatna ==


== Janam ==
[[File:Portrait_de_Jean_Racine_d'après_Jean-Baptiste_Santerre.jpg|left|80px|thumb|Racine]]
* [[21 December]] - '''[[Jean Racine]]''', [[France]] ke lekhak, ke maut Picardy me bhais rahaa.

== Maut ==


== Chhutti aur teohaar ==


== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;


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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MDCXXXIX) ek sadhaaran saal rahaa, jon ki sanichar ke din suruu bhais rahaa.  Ii  [[2nd millennium]] ke 639th aur [[17th century]] 39th saal rahaa,  aur  [[1630s]] dassak ke 10th saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 1695-1696, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1560-1561, Kali Yuga ke 4739-4740, Buddhist calendar ke 2183, Islamic calendar ke 1048-1049, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 171 saal rahaa. 

== Ghatna ==


== Janam ==
[[File:Portrait_de_Jean_Racine_d'après_Jean-Baptiste_Santerre.jpg|left|80px|thumb|Racine]]
* [[21 December]] - '''[[Jean Racine]]''', [[France]] ke lekhak, ke janam Picardy me bhais rahaa.

== Maut ==


== Chhutti aur teohaar ==


== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;


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        <id>41</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Panna jisme &quot;{{Year nav range|{{PAGENAME}}}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MDCXCIX) ek sadhaaran saal rahaa, jon ki bif ke din suruu bhais rahaa.  Ii  [[2nd millennium]] ke 699th aur [[17th century]] 99th saal rahaa,  aur  [[1690s]] dassak ke 10th saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 1755-1756, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1620-1621, Kali Yuga ke 4799-4800, Buddhist calendar ke 2243, Islamic calendar ke 1110-1111, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 231 saal rahaa.   == Ghatna...&quot; hae ke banae dewa gais hae.</comment>
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      <text bytes="574" sha1="1m444hcfx3rzjd8wtjvzcdqji0bjj81" xml:space="preserve">{{Year nav range|{{PAGENAME}}}}
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MDCXCIX) ek sadhaaran saal rahaa, jon ki bif ke din suruu bhais rahaa.  Ii  [[2nd millennium]] ke 699th aur [[17th century]] 99th saal rahaa,  aur  [[1690s]] dassak ke 10th saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 1755-1756, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1620-1621, Kali Yuga ke 4799-4800, Buddhist calendar ke 2243, Islamic calendar ke 1110-1111, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 231 saal rahaa. 

== Ghatna ==


== Janam ==


== Maut ==


== Chhutti aur teohaar ==


== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;


[[Category:1699| ]]</text>
      <sha1>1m444hcfx3rzjd8wtjvzcdqji0bjj81</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>334802</id>
      <parentid>334800</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-29T12:15:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Girmitya</username>
        <id>41</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Maut */</comment>
      <origin>334802</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="764" sha1="ajvah5ywh1j4ie66oimmeacrvo9p28n" xml:space="preserve">{{Year nav range|{{PAGENAME}}}}
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MDCXCIX) ek sadhaaran saal rahaa, jon ki bif ke din suruu bhais rahaa.  Ii  [[2nd millennium]] ke 699th aur [[17th century]] 99th saal rahaa,  aur  [[1690s]] dassak ke 10th saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 1755-1756, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1620-1621, Kali Yuga ke 4799-4800, Buddhist calendar ke 2243, Islamic calendar ke 1110-1111, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 231 saal rahaa. 

== Ghatna ==


== Janam ==


== Maut ==
[[File:Portrait_de_Jean_Racine_d'après_Jean-Baptiste_Santerre.jpg|left|80px|thumb|Racine]]
* [[21 December]] - '''[[Jean Racine]]''', [[France]] ke lekhak, ke maut [[Paris]] me bhais rahaa.

== Chhutti aur teohaar ==


== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;


[[Category:1699| ]]</text>
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    <title>sadasya ke baat:Mrpenguin3803</title>
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    <id>68894</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>12502</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page</comment>
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      <text bytes="170" sha1="cbmlszcr33gryx69pgg2d0yqtdtxe8v" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Mrpenguin3803}}

-- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 21:45, 29 Aprel 2026 (UTC)</text>
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    <id>68895</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-29T22:51:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>12502</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page</comment>
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-- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 22:51, 29 Aprel 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>sadasya ke baat:Vyshan1</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>68896</id>
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      <id>334815</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-30T02:39:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>12502</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page</comment>
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-- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 02:39, 30 Aprel 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>sadasya ke baat:Kcitam</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>68897</id>
    <revision>
      <id>334816</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-30T09:10:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>12502</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page</comment>
      <origin>334816</origin>
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      <text bytes="163" sha1="ew4ppkql5iqen1ppptirtj58j6i078s" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Kcitam}}

-- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 09:10, 30 Aprel 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ew4ppkql5iqen1ppptirtj58j6i078s</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>sadasya ke baat:Reyyyyyy</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>68898</id>
    <revision>
      <id>334817</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-30T10:18:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>12502</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page</comment>
      <origin>334817</origin>
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      <text bytes="165" sha1="enxs18eqx817s9c3pynd9tndvju1tm7" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Reyyyyyy}}

-- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 10:18, 30 Aprel 2026 (UTC)</text>
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