Wikipedya htwiki https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paj_Prensipal MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.2 first-letter Medya Espesyal Diskite Itilizatè Diskisyon Itilizatè Wikipedya Diskisyon Wikipedya Fichye Diskisyon Fichye MedyaWiki Diskisyon MedyaWiki Modèl Diskisyon Modèl Èd Diskisyon Èd Kategori Diskisyon Kategori TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module 0 15 867992 864083 2025-06-01T15:59:08Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Ajoute yon infobox 867992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Peyi |non_lokal=United States of America (Etazini) |non_kreyòl= |deviz_nasyonal=In God We Trust |deviz_nasyonal_kreyòl=Nan Bondye nou fè konfyans |im_nasyonal=The Star-Spangled Banner |fizo_orè= -4 jiska -12 |lang=[[Anglè]] |jantile=Ameriken |kat=[[File:USA orthographic.svg|frameless|alt=Orthographic map of the U.S. in North America]] |drapo_imaj=Flag of USA.svg |anblèm_imaj=Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg |endepandans_dat=1776 |endepandans_tip=Endepandans anba Wayòm Ini a |endepandans_de=[[Wayòm Ini]] |kapital=[[Wachintòn]] |pi_gwo_vil=[[Nouyòk]] |monnen_non=Dola |monnen_kòd=USD |PIB_dat=2025 |PIB_total=30 000 trilyon |PIB_total_ran= |PIB_pa_abitan=89 105 |PIB_pa_abitan_ran= |gouvènman_dat= |gouvènman_tip=rèpiblik |chèf_tit=[[lis prezidan |Prezidan]] |chèf_non=[[Donald Trump]] |sipèfisi_dat=2005 |sipèfisi_ran=3 |sipèfisi_total=9 000 000 |dlo_pousantaj=7 |frontyè_tè= |frontyè_kòt= |pli_wo_kote= |pli_wo= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat=2024 |popilasyon_ran=3 |popilasyon_tip=estimasyon |popilasyon_total=340 000 000 |popilasyon_dansite=96,3 |popilasyon_lavi_dat= |popilasyon_lavi= |popilasyon_ne_dat= |popilasyon_ne= |popilasyon_mòtalite_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun= |popilasyon_alfabèt_dat= |popilasyon_alfabèt= |popilasyon_an_vil= |popilasyon_an_vil_dat= |kòd= |ISO_kòd=US |endikatif_entènet=us |endikatif_telefòn=+1 |endikatif_radyo= |EDI_dat=2023 |EDI=0.938 |EDI_ran=17 |EPI_dat= |EPI= |EPI_ran= |kat_anplasman=LocationUSA.svg |kat_jewografi= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |nòt=}} '''Etazini''', ki gen pou non ofisyèl '''Etazini nan Amerik''', se yon peyi ki sitiye nan [[Amerik dinò|Àmerik ki sou zòn nò]]. Se yon repiblik federal baze sou konstitisyon e ki gen yon rejim prezidansyèl. Se yon ansyen koloni peyi [[Angletè]]. Etazini se yon peyi ki divize an 50 mòso ke yo rele Eta. 48 nan 50 mòso ki fè Lèsetazini yo kole youn ak lòt, ant [[Oseyan Atlantik]] kote solèy leve e [[Oseyan Pasifik]] kote solèy kouche, epi nan Nò li gen fwontyè ak [[Kanada]] e nan Sid fwontyè ak [[Meksik]]. De dènye Eta yo se [[Alaska]] ki sitiye nan nòdwès Kanada e [[Awayi]], yon ti zil ki nan mitan [[Oseyan Pasifik]]. Anplis, yo gen 14 lòt zile ki pa ofisyèl tribò-babò nan lanmè Karayib ([[Pòtoriko]] ak Il Vyèj) e nan Oseyan Pasifik ([[Gwanm]], zil Mariàn ak [[Samoa Ameriken]]). Pami yo Lanavaz ke yo fè dapiyanp nan men Ayiti. Etazini gen pou [[Kapital]] [[Wachintòn]] ki nan distrik Kolonbya, yon distrik ki pa fè pati 50 Eta yo. Se te youn nan premyè peyi yo nan kontinan [[Amerik]] la ki te deklare endepandans li nan lane 1776. == Istwa == ==== Moun Natif ==== Premye moun yo nan etazini te vini de Siberia. Kilti Clovis te premye kilti an ki te gen enfliyans nan tout kote de Etazini. Men kilti natif yo te grandi ak te devni plis epi plis sofistike. Kèk kilti, kon kilti Misisipi te develope agrikilti, achitekti, ak sosyete konplèks. Estimaston de popilasyon natif nan Etazini anvan de kolonizasyon Ewopeyen kwè ke te gen antre 500,000 et 1,000,000 moun. ==== Kolonizasyon Ewopeyen ==== Kristòf Kolon te eksplore Amerik dinò nan 1492. Eksplorasyon li lakòz de koloni panyol yo. Lafrans te etabli pwòp koloni yo kole ak rivyè Misisipi. Kolonizasyon Britanik te kòmance nan Vijini. Kolonizatè Ewopeyen yo te gen anpil konfli yo avek moun natif, men yo te angaje nan komès tou avek moun natif yo. Boukantay la de maladi Ewopeyen ak plant Ameriken ak Ewopeyen te devni yon dezas pou moun natif yo ki pa te gen rezistans ak maladi Ewopeyen. De plis, moun natif fòse ak adopte kilti Ewopeyen, ak ekspansyon Ewopeyen te fòse moun natif ak deplase. == Jeyografi == <gallery mode="packed"> Fichye:USA topo en.jpg|Fòm tè. Fichye:800x520 USA MAP TOPO.png|Katografi. Fichye:Average precipitation in the lower 48 states of the USA.png|Mwayèn presipitasyon anyèl. Fichye:US wind power map.png|Van. Fichye:Carte des villes américaines.svg|Aglomerasyon prensipal yo. Fichye:US population map.png|Dansite popilasyon an. </gallery> == Politik == Etazini se yon peyi ki chwazi demokrasi. Elèksyon ap genyen gouvènman Leta, pi gouvènman nasyonal. Prezidan ozetazini aktyèl se [[Donald Trump]]. == Ekonomi == == Sosyete == == Vil Etazini == Lis gwo vil Etazini : * [[Nouyòk]] * [[Chikago]] * [[Los Angeles, Kalifòni|Los Angeles]] * [[Houston, Texas|Youstòn]] * [[Miyami]] * [[Boston]] == Relasyon avek Ayiti == Popilasyon [[Ayiti|ayisyèn]] Ozetazini anpil-anpil. Pa egzanp, gen gwo kominote ayisyèn nan vil tankou [[Miyami]], [[Nouyòk]] epi [[Boston]]. Genyen tou yon gwo popilasyon ayisyèn nan teritwa ameriken nan [[Pòtoriko]]. Ansyen premye minis [[Jacques-Édouard Alexis]] rive jwenn nan men gouvènman ameriken an viza pou kèk tan pou Ayisyen ka vini Etazini lè genyen gran katastwòf nan peyi [[Ayiti]]. Jodi a, gen anviwon de (2) milyon moun ayisyen [[Entèvansyon entranje apre tranbleman tè a nan 2010|Ozetazini]]. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.usa.gov/ Sitweb ofisyèl Etazini] {{Amerik}} [[Kategori:Peyi]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Peyi nan Amerik dinò]] 5pyrzqu0eiyoo7qra0kr40edvu4lrbb 867994 867992 2025-06-01T16:00:44Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Korije yon enfomasyon 867994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Peyi |non_lokal=United States of America (Etazini) |non_kreyòl= |deviz_nasyonal=In God We Trust |deviz_nasyonal_kreyòl=Nan Bondye nou fè konfyans |im_nasyonal=The Star-Spangled Banner |fizo_orè= -4 jiska -12 |lang=[[Anglè]] |jantile=Ameriken |kat=[[File:USA orthographic.svg|frameless|alt=Orthographic map of the U.S. in North America]] |drapo_imaj=Flag of USA.svg |anblèm_imaj=Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg |endepandans_dat=1776 |endepandans_tip=Endepandans anba Wayòm Ini a |endepandans_de=[[Wayòm Ini]] |kapital=[[Wachintòn]] |pi_gwo_vil=[[Nouyòk]] |monnen_non=Dola |monnen_kòd=USD |PIB_dat=2025 |PIB_total=30 000 trilyon |PIB_total_ran= |PIB_pa_abitan=89 105 |PIB_pa_abitan_ran= |gouvènman_dat= |gouvènman_tip=rèpiblik |chèf_tit=[[lis prezidan |Prezidan]] |chèf_non=[[Donald Trump]] |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran=3 |sipèfisi_total=9 000 000 |dlo_pousantaj=7 |frontyè_tè= |frontyè_kòt= |pli_wo_kote= |pli_wo= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat=2024 |popilasyon_ran=3 |popilasyon_tip=estimasyon |popilasyon_total=340 000 000 |popilasyon_dansite=96,3 |popilasyon_lavi_dat= |popilasyon_lavi= |popilasyon_ne_dat= |popilasyon_ne= |popilasyon_mòtalite_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun= |popilasyon_alfabèt_dat= |popilasyon_alfabèt= |popilasyon_an_vil= |popilasyon_an_vil_dat= |kòd= |ISO_kòd=US |endikatif_entènet=us |endikatif_telefòn=+1 |endikatif_radyo= |EDI_dat=2023 |EDI=0.938 |EDI_ran=17 |EPI_dat= |EPI= |EPI_ran= |kat_anplasman=LocationUSA.svg |kat_jewografi= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |nòt=}} '''Etazini''', ki gen pou non ofisyèl '''Etazini nan Amerik''', se yon peyi ki sitiye nan [[Amerik dinò|Àmerik ki sou zòn nò]]. Se yon repiblik federal baze sou konstitisyon e ki gen yon rejim prezidansyèl. Se yon ansyen koloni peyi [[Angletè]]. Etazini se yon peyi ki divize an 50 mòso ke yo rele Eta. 48 nan 50 mòso ki fè Lèsetazini yo kole youn ak lòt, ant [[Oseyan Atlantik]] kote solèy leve e [[Oseyan Pasifik]] kote solèy kouche, epi nan Nò li gen fwontyè ak [[Kanada]] e nan Sid fwontyè ak [[Meksik]]. De dènye Eta yo se [[Alaska]] ki sitiye nan nòdwès Kanada e [[Awayi]], yon ti zil ki nan mitan [[Oseyan Pasifik]]. Anplis, yo gen 14 lòt zile ki pa ofisyèl tribò-babò nan lanmè Karayib ([[Pòtoriko]] ak Il Vyèj) e nan Oseyan Pasifik ([[Gwanm]], zil Mariàn ak [[Samoa Ameriken]]). Pami yo Lanavaz ke yo fè dapiyanp nan men Ayiti. Etazini gen pou [[Kapital]] [[Wachintòn]] ki nan distrik Kolonbya, yon distrik ki pa fè pati 50 Eta yo. Se te youn nan premyè peyi yo nan kontinan [[Amerik]] la ki te deklare endepandans li nan lane 1776. == Istwa == ==== Moun Natif ==== Premye moun yo nan etazini te vini de Siberia. Kilti Clovis te premye kilti an ki te gen enfliyans nan tout kote de Etazini. Men kilti natif yo te grandi ak te devni plis epi plis sofistike. Kèk kilti, kon kilti Misisipi te develope agrikilti, achitekti, ak sosyete konplèks. Estimaston de popilasyon natif nan Etazini anvan de kolonizasyon Ewopeyen kwè ke te gen antre 500,000 et 1,000,000 moun. ==== Kolonizasyon Ewopeyen ==== Kristòf Kolon te eksplore Amerik dinò nan 1492. Eksplorasyon li lakòz de koloni panyol yo. Lafrans te etabli pwòp koloni yo kole ak rivyè Misisipi. Kolonizasyon Britanik te kòmance nan Vijini. Kolonizatè Ewopeyen yo te gen anpil konfli yo avek moun natif, men yo te angaje nan komès tou avek moun natif yo. Boukantay la de maladi Ewopeyen ak plant Ameriken ak Ewopeyen te devni yon dezas pou moun natif yo ki pa te gen rezistans ak maladi Ewopeyen. De plis, moun natif fòse ak adopte kilti Ewopeyen, ak ekspansyon Ewopeyen te fòse moun natif ak deplase. == Jeyografi == <gallery mode="packed"> Fichye:USA topo en.jpg|Fòm tè. Fichye:800x520 USA MAP TOPO.png|Katografi. Fichye:Average precipitation in the lower 48 states of the USA.png|Mwayèn presipitasyon anyèl. Fichye:US wind power map.png|Van. Fichye:Carte des villes américaines.svg|Aglomerasyon prensipal yo. Fichye:US population map.png|Dansite popilasyon an. </gallery> == Politik == Etazini se yon peyi ki chwazi demokrasi. Elèksyon ap genyen gouvènman Leta, pi gouvènman nasyonal. Prezidan ozetazini aktyèl se [[Donald Trump]]. == Ekonomi == == Sosyete == == Vil Etazini == Lis gwo vil Etazini : * [[Nouyòk]] * [[Chikago]] * [[Los Angeles, Kalifòni|Los Angeles]] * [[Houston, Texas|Youstòn]] * [[Miyami]] * [[Boston]] == Relasyon avek Ayiti == Popilasyon [[Ayiti|ayisyèn]] Ozetazini anpil-anpil. Pa egzanp, gen gwo kominote ayisyèn nan vil tankou [[Miyami]], [[Nouyòk]] epi [[Boston]]. Genyen tou yon gwo popilasyon ayisyèn nan teritwa ameriken nan [[Pòtoriko]]. Ansyen premye minis [[Jacques-Édouard Alexis]] rive jwenn nan men gouvènman ameriken an viza pou kèk tan pou Ayisyen ka vini Etazini lè genyen gran katastwòf nan peyi [[Ayiti]]. Jodi a, gen anviwon de (2) milyon moun ayisyen [[Entèvansyon entranje apre tranbleman tè a nan 2010|Ozetazini]]. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.usa.gov/ Sitweb ofisyèl Etazini] {{Amerik}} [[Kategori:Peyi]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Peyi nan Amerik dinò]] kb1ami5cpzgqpmdrfsnrlxpskqpf31f 0 1023 867986 855482 2025-06-01T13:07:11Z Akarige 45 Erreur frappe 867986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ale menm non|Afrik disid}} {{Infobox Peyi |non_lokal=Republic of South Africa<br />Republiek van Suid-Afrika<br />IRiphabliki yase Ningizimu Afrika |non_kreyòl=Afrik Disid |deviz_nasyonal= |deviz_nasyonal_kreyòl= |im_nasyonal= |lang= |jantile= |drapo_imaj=Flag of South Africa.svg |anblèm_imaj= Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg |fizo_orè=+2 |kapital= |pi_gwo_vil= |monnen_non= |monnen_kòd= |monnen_divizyon= |PIB_dat= |PIB_total= |PIB_total_ran= |PIB_pa_abitan= |PIB_pa_abitan_ran= |gouvènman_dat= |gouvènman_tip= |chèf_tit= |chèf_non= |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran= |sipèfisi_total={{formatnum:1221037}} |dlo_pousantaj= |frontyè_tè= |frontyè_kòt= |pli_ro_kote= |pli_ro= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat=2011 |popilasyon_ran=25yèm |popilasyon_total={{formatnum:51770560}} |popilasyon_dansite=42.4 |popilasyon_tip= |popilasyon_lavi_dat= |popilasyon_lavi= |popilasyon_ne_dat= |popilasyon_ne= |popilasyon_mòtalite_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun= |popilasyon_alfabèt_dat= |popilasyon_alfabèt= |popilasyon_an_vil_dat= |popilasyon_an_vil= |endepandans_dat= |endepandans_tip= |endepandans_de= |kòd= |ISO_kòd= |endikatif_entènet=za |endikatif_telefonik=27 |endikatif_radyofonik= |EDI= |EDI_ran= |EDI_dat= |EPI= |EPI_ran= |EPI_dat= |kat_anplasman=LocationSouthAfrica.png |kat_politik= |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= |vwazen= |òganizasyon= |nòt= }} '''Afrik disid''', nan fòm long '''Repiblik Afrik disid''', se yon [[Lis peyi nan mond lan|peyi]] nan [[Afrik ostral]]. Kapital administratif li se [[Pretorya]]. Li gen fwontyè nan lwès-nòdwès ak [[Namibi]], nan nò ak nan nò-nòdès ak [[Botswana]], nan nòdès ak [[Zimbabwe]], ak nan lès-nòdès ak [[Mozanbik]] ak [[Eswatini]]. [[Lesotho]] se yon eta [[anklav ak eksklav|ki anklave]] nan teritwa Sid Afriken. Afrik disid gen {{nimewo|57.72|milyon}} [[popilasyon|abitan]]<ref name="SAStats">{{Lyen entènèt |language=en |format=pdf |title=Estime popilasyon mitan ane 2014 | translation title=Populasyon yo estime nan mitan ane 2014 |url=http://beta2.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022014.pdf |publisher=Statistics Lafrik di sid}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.populationdata.net/continents/afrique/ |title=Lafrik di • Fèy Kontinan • PopulationData.net |access-date=2023-11-23 |archive-date=2023-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211132859/https://www.populationdata.net/continents/afrique/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> an 2018 te distribye nan 80.2% nan [[Nwa (moun) |Nwa]], 8.8 % [[Koulè]], 8.4% [[Sid afriken blan|Blan]] ak 2.5% Azyatik<ref name="SAStats" /> . Yon nasyon ki gen [[fenotip]] trè varye, Lafrik di sid se konsa ann Afrik peyi ki gen pi gwo pòsyon nan sa yo rele ''[[koulè]]'', [[Sid afriken blan|blan]] popilasyon yo ak [[Azi|Aziyatik]]. Yo rele l souvan "[[nasyon lakansyèl la]]", yon nosyon achevèk anglikan ak aktivis dwa moun Sid Afriken [[Desmond Tutu]] te kreye pou deziyen divèsite nasyon Sid Afriken an e ki te ranplase konsèp nan sosyete pliryèl teyorisyen [[apartheid]] te anplwaye yo (1948-1991). Egalite revni ant diferan gwoup popilasyon pa te pwogrese depi nan fen [[apartheid]] ak Lafrik di sid gen youn nan pi gwo pousantaj inegalite nan mond lan<ref name=" Point2014">{{Atik |language=fr |author1= Laurence Daziano |title=Kote Lafrik di sid prale? |peryodik=Le Point Afrique |dat=19/08/2014 |li sou entènèt=http://afrique.lepoint.fr/economie/ou-va-l-afrique-du-sud-19-08-2014-1857787_2258 . php |accessed on=2017-01-15}}.</ref>. Sepandan, li se yon pisans referans pou kontinan Afriken an<ref name="Point2014" /> ak youn nan [[ekonomi Sid Afriken|ekonomi yo]] ki pi devlope sou kontinan an ak enfrastrikti modèn ki kouvri tout bagay peyi a. Se dezyèm pisans ekonomik ann Afrik dèyè [[Nijerya]]<ref>{{Atik |langue=fr |title=Nijerya vin ekonomi dirijan ann Afrik |peryodik=La Tribune |dat=07 avril 2014 |li sou entènèt=http ://www.latribune.fr/actualites/economie/international/20140407trib000824001/le-nigeria-devient-la-premiere-economie-d-afrique.html}}.</ref>{{, }}<ref>{{Lyen entènèt |langue=fr |title=Nigeria, pisans ekonomik ki mennen ann Afrik |url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20140407-nigeria-ecnomie-premiere-peut- africa/ |site=RFI | dat=7 avril 2014}}.</ref>. Peyi a karakterize tou pa yon gwo popilasyon orijin [[Ewopeyen|Ewopeyen]] ([[Afrikaners]], [[Anglo-South Africans]]s) ak anpil richès mineral ([[lò]], [[dyaman). ]], [[chabon|chabon]], elatriye) ki te fè li yon alye endispansab peyi Lwès yo pandan [[Gè Fwad la]]. ==Jewografi== Repiblik Afrik disid la antoure nan nò pa [[ Namibi]] (ansyen pwovens Sid Afriken an). [[Afrik disidwès]]), [[Botswana]] ak [[Zimbabwe]], nan nòdès pa [[Mozanbik]] ak [[Eswatini]]. [[Lesotho]] anklanche nan teritwa Sid Afriken. Nan teritwa sa a yo ajoute achipèl [[Prince Edward Islands]] ([[Marion Island]] ak [[Prince Edward Island (Afrik disid)|Prince Edward Island]]) epi, jiska 1994, [[Walvis Bay]] (anklanche nan Sidwès Lafrik di ak sèlman pò dlo gwo twou san fon nan rejyon an). [[Fwontyè Afrik di Sid|Fwontyè tè Afrik di Sid]] rive nan {{inite|5244|km}} (Botswana: {{inite|1969|km}}; Lesotho: {{inite|1106|km}}; Namibi: {{inite|1005|km}}; Mozanbik: {{inite|496|km}}; Eswatini: {{inite|438|km}}; Zimbabwe: {{inite|230|km}} )<ref>{{Lyen entènèt |title=CIA - The World Factbook -- Lafrik di sid |url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/ publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com |site=cia.gov|accessed on=2022-02-15}}.</ref>. == Istwa == <gallery mode="nolines"> Leanda 1 022.jpg Chuch Square, PTA.jpg Samuel Daniell - Kora-Khokhoi preparing to move - 1805.jpg|Yon fanmi [[khoikhoi (moun)|khoikhoi]]. Anonymous The Noord-Nieuwland in Table Bay, 1762.jpg|Arive nan [[Cape Town]] bato [[Dutch East India Company]] (1762). G.S. Smithard; J.S. Skelton (1909) - The Voortrekkers.jpg|The [[Voortrekkers]] - ilistrasyon pa J.S. Skelton (1909). Drapeau afs.jpg|[[Flag of South Africa|Pwemye drapo nasyonal Afrik di Sid (1928-1994)]]. Pm cricket shots09 6058.jpg|[[Drapo Lafrik di sid#Nouvo drapo lakansyèl (depi 1994)|Drapo Lafrik di sid aktyèl la]] te adopte an 1994 pou [[Eleksyon jeneral sid Eleksyon Afriken 1994|premye eleksyon nasyonal]] [[Segregasyon rasyal|ki pa separe]]. </gallery> === Orijin === [[Khoïsan]], ki rasanble [[Khoïkhoï (moun)|Khoïkhoïs]] ak [[San (moun)|Sans]], se premye moun ki te konnen nan Lafrik di sid ([[40yèm a 36yèm milenè anvan kounye a). |40,000 av. J.-K.]]). Premye pèp [[lang bantou]] yo, ki te soti nan [[Preri (Kameroun)|preri]] aktyèl Kamewoun, te rive nan [[pwovens]] aktyèl [[KwaZulu-Natal]] alantou ane 500 epòk pa nou an. Nan {{s-|X}}, [[xhosa (moun)|xhosas]] te rete nan rejyon Fish River ([[Transkei]]). === Arive Ewopeyen yo ak kolonizasyon === [[File:Charles Bell - Jan van Riebeeck se aankoms aan die Kaap.jpg|thumb|Arive [[Jan van Riebeeck]] nan [[Table Bay]] an 1652 pou l te fonde yon estasyon ravitaye ak premye kontak ak [[. Khoïkhoï (moun)|Khoïkhoïs]].]] Nan [[1488]] navigatè Pòtigè [[Bartolomeu Dias]] rive nan Cape of Storms ([[Cape of Good Hope]]), ki te swiv nan [[1497]] pa navigatè Pòtigè [[Vasco da Gama]] ki kouri sou kòt [[Natal (Lafrik)|Natal]]. Règleman definitif Ewopeyen an nan Lafrik di sid la soti nan [[1652]] ak etablisman an, sou non [[Dutch East India Company|Dutch East India Company]], yon estasyon ekipman nan [[Cape Town]] ki te dirije pa. [[Netherlands|Olandè]] [[Jan van Riebeeck]]. Nan [[1657]], plizyè anplwaye nan konpayi an te otorize pou yo etabli nèt ale nan vil Okap pandan ke esklav yo te depòte soti nan [[Jakarta|Batavia]] ak [[Madagaskar]] pou konpanse pou mank de travay sou plas. Nan [[1688]], desan (200) [[Huguenots Lafrik di sid|Huguenots]] te rejwenn 800 sitwayen yo nan pòs komès la epi yo te fonde [[Franschhoek]]. Nan [[1691]], [[Koloni Okap]] te etabli. Se nan [[1770]] premye kontak ant [[Bantus]] ak [[Boers]] (agrikiltè lib ki gen orijin franko-olandè) yo te rapòte nan wotè Great Fish River (nan {{inite |900 km}} lès vil manman an). Relasyon yo te vin byen vit konfli epi, an 1779, premye nan nèf [[Lagè Kafir yo]] te kòmanse ([[1779]]-[[1878]]). Ant 1795 ak 1804, Britanik yo te okipe Lafrik di sid. Koloni an te tounen yon ti tan nan Olandè yo, ant 1804 ak 1806. Nan [[1806]], Olandè yo te definitivman te bay Britanik yo ki te vin nouvo pouvwa kolonyal la. Soti nan [[1818]] rive nan [[1825]], pandan [[Mfecane]], wa [[Zulou yo]], [[Chaka (wa Zoulou)|Chaka]], te pwolonje anpi li sou bò solèy leve nan Sid. Lafrik nan pri a nan yon konkèt san sou lòt pèp tribi. == Ekonomi == [[File:Annual per capita personal income by race group in South Africa relative to white levels.svg|lang=en|vignette|Anyèl revni pèsonèl per capita pa gwoup rasyal nan Lafrik di sid parapò ak nivo gwoup ras blan yo. ]] [[File:Joburg top.jpg|thumbnail|left|[[Johannesburg]].]] [[File:Rhone Manor - South Africa.jpg|thumbnail|South African winery.]] Depi lontan prensipal pouvwa ekonomik kontinan an, [[pwodwi domestik brit]] (GDP) Lafrik di sid se<ref name="GDP.xls">{{Lyen web |language=en |format=pdf |title= Pwodwi domestik brit 2010 | url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP.pdf |site=worldbank.org}}.</ref>, depi 2014, klase dèyè [[Nijerya]] apre yon chanjman nan estatistik. kalkil byenke peyi sa a rete byen dèyè Lafrik di sid an tèm de devlopman oswa [[Produi domestik brit per capita|GDP per capita]]<ref name="Point2014" />. Yon [[kapitalis|kapitalis]] peyi ki favorab pou [[ekonomi de mache]], Lafrik di sid te chwazi pou [[liberalism ekonomik]] tanperaman pa gwo patisipasyon Leta a nan fason pou kontwole ekonomi an, pou modifye distribisyon inegal nan richès ak asire pi bon pwoteksyon kategori sosyal ki pi defavorize istorikman ak ekonomikman. Lafrik di sid reprezante yon ka nan PIB Afriken ak yon mwayèn [[To kwasans ekonomik|to kwasans]] 5% pa ane<ref name="Point2014" />. Rezo transpò li yo ak enstalasyon enèji li yo (ak sèl plant nikleyè kontinan an nan Koeberg), te fè li yon peyi ki kasi-devlope<ref name="Point2014" />. Peyi a benefisye de yon sous tè ki rich nan matyè premyè tankou [[lò]], kote li se youn nan prensipal pwodiktè mondyal, [[platinum]] ak metal presye, e sitou rezèv imans nan chabon, pi gwo min nan peyi a. pwodiksyon an 2016<ref name=":0">{{Atik |language=fr|author1=Bernadette Mérenne-Schoumaker |title=Lafrik di sid, defi enèji ak min nan yon peyi k ap parèt |periodik=Géoconfluences |dat=7 mas , 2018 |issn=2492-7775 |li sou entènèt=http://geoconfluences.ens-lyon.fr/information-scientifiques/dossiers-regionaux/afrique-dynamics-regionales/corpus-documentaire /mines-energie-afrique-sud}}.</ref> Anplis de sa, [[miltinasyonal Sid Afriken yo]] pwospere ak konpetitif sou mache entènasyonal yo<ref name="ModeleSA">{{Atik|language= fr |author1=Fabienne Pompey |title="Afrik di sid la modèl” doute tèt li |peryodik=Le Monde.fr |date=2008-02-27 |issn=1950-6244 |li sou entènèt=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2008/02/27/le-modele-sud-africain-doute-de-lui-meme_1015263_3212.html |accessed on=2017-01-15}}.</ref> . Kidonk, nan 100 pi gwo konpayi Afriken yo, 61 se Sid Afriken<ref name="Point2014" />. Nan 2022, Lafrik di sid klase nan {{61st|pozisyon}} pou [[endèks inovasyon mondyal la]]<ref>{{Lyen entènèt |language=fr |non=WIPO |title=Index Global Innovation 2022|url=https ://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2022/index.html |site=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]]|accessed=2022-11-16 }}.</ref>. {| class="wikitable" |+ Ekonomi Lafrik di sid<ref>{{Lyen entènèt |language=fr |otè=Bank Mondyal |tit=Done ki soti nan Lafrik di sid: 2021 |url=https://donnees.banquemondiale.org/ country/south-africa | aksè url=gratis |sit=donnees.banquemondiale.org |dat=2021 |accessed on=16/10/2022}}.</ref> |- ! scope="ranje" | GDP | {{nimewo|419.95|milya dola}} dola ameriken - [[Pwodwi domestik brit|GDP]] (2021) |- ! scope="ranje" | GDP per capita | {{inite|6994.2|dola}} Ozetazini - [[Parite pouvwa acha|GDP]] (2021) |- ! scope="ranje" | Pousantaj kwasans | 4.9% (2021) |- ! scope="ranje" | To kwasans nan pwodiksyon endistriyèl | 6.2% (2007) |- ! scope="ranje" | Pataje nan enpòtasyon mond lan | 0.62% (2006) |- ! scope="ranje" | Pataje nan ekspòtasyon mondyal la | 0.48% (2006) |- ! scope="ranje" | Depans militè yo | 1.3% nan PIB (2008) |- ! scope="ranje" | Ekspòtasyon zam | {{nobr|39 milyon}} dola (2005) |- ! scope="ranje" | Depans edikasyon | 5.4% nan PIB (2006) |- ! scope="ranje" | Konsomasyon pouvwa | {{formatnum:4884}} kWh per capita (2004) |- ! scope="ranje" | CO₂ emisyon | {{inite|9.19|tòn}} pa moun (2004) |} == Nòt ak referans == === Nòt === {{Références|groupe=N}} === Referans === {{Références}} == Lyen deyò == {{Afrik}} [[Kategori:Peyi]] [[Kategori:Afrik disid|*]] gkwpnxxgc1p3ly426nckg3q894mw6oc 0 1156 868034 840756 2025-06-02T06:48:47Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Ajoute infomasyon pou péyi a 868034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Peyi |non_lokal=מדינת ישראל<br />دولة اسرائيل |non_kreyòl=Izrayèl |deviz_nasyonal= |deviz_nasyonal_kreyòl= |im_nasyonal= |lang=Ebre |jantile=Izrayèlyen |drapo_imaj=Flag of Israel.svg |anblèm_imaj=Coat_of_arms_of_Israel.svg |fizo_orè= |kapital=Jerizalèm (dispite) |pi_gwo_vil= |monnen_non= Shekel |monnen_kòd= |monnen_divizyon= |PIB_dat= |PIB_total= |PIB_total_ran= |PIB_pa_abitan= |PIB_pa_abitan_ran= |gouvènman_dat= |gouvènman_tip= |chèf_tit=Premye minis |chèf_non= |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran= |sipèfisi_total= |dlo_pousantaj= |frontyè_tè= |frontyè_kòt= |pli_ro_kote= |pli_ro= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat= |popilasyon_ran= |popilasyon_total= |popilasyon_dansite= |popilasyon_tip= |popilasyon_lavi_dat= |popilasyon_lavi= |popilasyon_ne_dat= |popilasyon_ne= |popilasyon_mòtalite_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun= |popilasyon_alfabèt_dat= |popilasyon_alfabèt= |popilasyon_an_vil_dat= |popilasyon_an_vil= |endepandans_dat= |endepandans_tip= |endepandans_de= |kòd= |ISO_kòd= |endikatif_entènet= |endikatif_telefonik= |endikatif_radyofonik= |EDI= |EDI_ran= |EDI_dat= |EPI= |EPI_ran= |EPI_dat= |kat_anplasman=Israel in its region (pre 1967 territory).svg |kat_politik=CarteIsrael.PNG |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= |vwazen= |òganizasyon= |nòt= }} '''Izrayèl''' se yon peyi ki sitiye nan [[Azi]]. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Peyi]] [[Kategori:Izrayèl|*]] 2sbd4c7lkf4rs2u17vi9obr7z20mvmj 868035 868034 2025-06-02T06:51:22Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Ajoute infomasyon 868035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Peyi |non_lokal=מדינת ישראל<br />دولة اسرائيل |non_kreyòl=Izrayèl |deviz_nasyonal= |deviz_nasyonal_kreyòl= |im_nasyonal= |lang=Ebre |jantile=Izrayèlyen |drapo_imaj=Flag of Israel.svg |anblèm_imaj=Coat_of_arms_of_Israel.svg |fizo_orè= +2 |kapital=Jerizalèm (rekonesans limite) |pi_gwo_vil=Jerizalèm |monnen_non= Shekel |monnen_kòd= |monnen_divizyon= |PIB_dat= |PIB_total= |PIB_total_ran= |PIB_pa_abitan= |PIB_pa_abitan_ran= |gouvènman_dat= |gouvènman_tip= |chèf_tit=Premye minis |chèf_non= Bènyamin Netanyahou |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran= |sipèfisi_total= |dlo_pousantaj=2 |frontyè_tè= |frontyè_kòt= |pli_ro_kote= |pli_ro= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat= |popilasyon_ran= |popilasyon_total= |popilasyon_dansite= |popilasyon_tip= |popilasyon_lavi_dat= |popilasyon_lavi= |popilasyon_ne_dat= |popilasyon_ne= |popilasyon_mòtalite_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun= |popilasyon_alfabèt_dat= |popilasyon_alfabèt= |popilasyon_an_vil_dat= |popilasyon_an_vil= |endepandans_dat= |endepandans_tip= |endepandans_de= |kòd= |ISO_kòd= |endikatif_entènet= |endikatif_telefonik= |endikatif_radyofonik= |EDI= |EDI_ran= |EDI_dat= |EPI= |EPI_ran= |EPI_dat= |kat_anplasman=Israel in its region (pre 1967 territory).svg |kat_politik=CarteIsrael.PNG |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= |vwazen= |òganizasyon= |nòt= }} '''Izrayèl''' se yon peyi ki sitiye nan [[Azi]]. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Peyi]] [[Kategori:Izrayèl|*]] hqwfvezo3xajl5g8z3wdofhvp4olhah 0 1160 867893 840760 2025-05-29T19:34:25Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Ajoute monnen an 867893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Peyi |non_lokal= Nippon / Nihon |non_kreyòl= Japon |deviz_nasyonal= Yen (JPY) |deviz_nasyonal_kreyòl= |im_nasyonal= Kimi ga yo |lang= [[Lang japonè]] |jantile= Japone |drapo_imaj=Flag of Japan.svg |anblèm_imaj=Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg |fizo_orè= +9 |kapital= [[Tokyo]] |pi_gwo_vil= Tokyo |monnen_non= Yen |monnen_kòd= JPY |monnen_divizyon= |PIB_dat= |PIB_total= |PIB_total_ran= |PIB_pa_abitan= |PIB_pa_abitan_ran= |gouvènman_dat= |gouvènman_tip= |chèf_tit= Anperè [[Naruhito]] |chèf_non= [[Naruhito]] |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran= 62yèm |sipèfisi_total= 377 835 km² |dlo_pousantaj= 0,9 % |frontyè_tè= |frontyè_kòt= |pli_ro_kote= |pli_ro= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat= |popilasyon_ran= 10yèm |popilasyon_total= 127 288 419 ab. (2008) |popilasyon_dansite= 337.3 ab./km² |popilasyon_tip= |popilasyon_lavi_dat= |popilasyon_lavi= |popilasyon_ne_dat= |popilasyon_ne= |popilasyon_mòtalite_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun= |popilasyon_alfabèt_dat= |popilasyon_alfabèt= |popilasyon_an_vil_dat= |popilasyon_an_vil= |endepandans_dat= |endepandans_tip= |endepandans_de= |kòd= |ISO_kòd= |endikatif_entènet= jp |endikatif_telefonik= 81 |endikatif_radyofonik= |EDI= |EDI_ran= |EDI_dat= |EPI= |EPI_ran= |EPI_dat= |kat_anplasman=LocationJapan.png |kat_politik= |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= |vwazen= |òganizasyon= |nòt= }} [[Fichye:Cartedujapon.png|right|290px|thumb|Kat Japon]] '''Japon''' se yon peyi ki sitiye nan [[Azi]] lès. Kapital se [[Tokyo]]. == Istwa == == Politik == == Jewografi == == Demografi == == Ekonomi == Japon se twazyèm ekonomi mondyal aprè [[Etazini]] ak [[Chin]]. == Edikasyon ak sante == == Kilti == == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://archive.is/20120917112023/http://www.tourisme-japon.fr/ Sitwèb ofis touris Japon] sou tourisme-japon.fr {{Azi}} [[Kategori:Peyi]] [[Kategori:Japon|*]] j3webv985f7h11e8eh0cvpiov5wbinu 867894 867893 2025-05-29T19:35:17Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Adapte òtograf pou kreyòl la 867894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Peyi |non_lokal= Nippon / Nihon |non_kreyòl= Japon |deviz_nasyonal= Yen (JPY) |deviz_nasyonal_kreyòl= |im_nasyonal= Kimi ga yo |lang= [[Lang japonè]] |jantile= Japone |drapo_imaj=Flag of Japan.svg |anblèm_imaj=Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg |fizo_orè= +9 |kapital= [[Tokyo]] |pi_gwo_vil= Tokyo |monnen_non= Yèn |monnen_kòd= JPY |monnen_divizyon= |PIB_dat= |PIB_total= |PIB_total_ran= |PIB_pa_abitan= |PIB_pa_abitan_ran= |gouvènman_dat= |gouvènman_tip= |chèf_tit= Anperè [[Naruhito]] |chèf_non= [[Naruhito]] |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran= 62yèm |sipèfisi_total= 377 835 km² |dlo_pousantaj= 0,9 % |frontyè_tè= |frontyè_kòt= |pli_ro_kote= |pli_ro= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat= |popilasyon_ran= 10yèm |popilasyon_total= 127 288 419 ab. (2008) |popilasyon_dansite= 337.3 ab./km² |popilasyon_tip= |popilasyon_lavi_dat= |popilasyon_lavi= |popilasyon_ne_dat= |popilasyon_ne= |popilasyon_mòtalite_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun= |popilasyon_alfabèt_dat= |popilasyon_alfabèt= |popilasyon_an_vil_dat= |popilasyon_an_vil= |endepandans_dat= |endepandans_tip= |endepandans_de= |kòd= |ISO_kòd= |endikatif_entènet= jp |endikatif_telefonik= 81 |endikatif_radyofonik= |EDI= |EDI_ran= |EDI_dat= |EPI= |EPI_ran= |EPI_dat= |kat_anplasman=LocationJapan.png |kat_politik= |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= |vwazen= |òganizasyon= |nòt= }} [[Fichye:Cartedujapon.png|right|290px|thumb|Kat Japon]] '''Japon''' se yon peyi ki sitiye nan [[Azi]] lès. Kapital se [[Tokyo]]. == Istwa == == Politik == == Jewografi == == Demografi == == Ekonomi == Japon se twazyèm ekonomi mondyal aprè [[Etazini]] ak [[Chin]]. == Edikasyon ak sante == == Kilti == == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://archive.is/20120917112023/http://www.tourisme-japon.fr/ Sitwèb ofis touris Japon] sou tourisme-japon.fr {{Azi}} [[Kategori:Peyi]] [[Kategori:Japon|*]] 929aa2tx2c4zdog5bcmuz20h2jrho1o 0 1188 867892 840769 2025-05-29T19:33:00Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Ajoute Dirijan 867892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Peyi |non_lokal=Chosun Minjujui Inmin Gonghwaguk |non_kreyòl=Kore dinò |deviz_nasyonal= |deviz_nasyonal_kreyòl=Moun ki kwe nan pèp la e ki depann de li asure genyen |im_nasyonal= |lang=[[Lang kore|Kore]] |jantile=Koreyen dinò |drapo_imaj=Flag of North Korea.svg |anblèm_imaj=Coat of Arms of North Korea.svg |fizo_orè= |kapital=[[Pyongyang]] |pi_gwo_vil=Pyongyang |monnen_non= |monnen_kòd= |monnen_divizyon= |PIB_dat= |PIB_total= |PIB_total_ran= |PIB_pa_abitan= |PIB_pa_abitan_ran= |gouvènman_dat= |gouvènman_tip=Repiblik sosyalis yon [[Eta yon sèl-pati|sèl-pati]] |chèf_tit= Dirijan siprèm |chèf_non= Kim Jong Oun |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran= |sipèfisi_total= |dlo_pousantaj= |frontyè_tè= |frontyè_kòt= |pli_ro_kote= |pli_ro= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat= |popilasyon_ran= |popilasyon_total= |popilasyon_dansite= |popilasyon_tip= |popilasyon_lavi_dat= |popilasyon_lavi= |popilasyon_ne_dat= |popilasyon_ne= |popilasyon_mòtalite_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun= |popilasyon_alfabèt_dat= |popilasyon_alfabèt= |popilasyon_an_vil_dat= |popilasyon_an_vil= |endepandans_dat= |endepandans_tip= |endepandans_de= |kòd= |ISO_kòd= |endikatif_entènet= |endikatif_telefonik= |endikatif_radyofonik= |EDI= |EDI_ran= |EDI_dat= |EPI= |EPI_ran= |EPI_dat= |kat_anplasman=LocationNorthKorea.png |kat_politik= |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= |vwazen= [[Kore disid]], [[Chin]], [[Risi]] |òganizasyon= |nòt= }} '''Kore dinò''' se yon peyi ki sitye nan [[Azi]] lès. [[Kapital]] se [[Pyongyang]]. {{Azi}} [[Kategori:Peyi]] [[Kategori:Peyi nan Azi]] [[Kategori:Azi lès]] jch40yu45qrqv04k9x75m85gcy2xc0m 867900 867892 2025-05-30T16:59:50Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Ajoute lyen 867900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Peyi |non_lokal=Chosun Minjujui Inmin Gonghwaguk |non_kreyòl=Kore dinò |deviz_nasyonal= |deviz_nasyonal_kreyòl=Moun ki kwe nan pèp la e ki depann de li asure genyen |im_nasyonal= |lang=[[Lang kore|Kore]] |jantile=Koreyen dinò |drapo_imaj=Flag of North Korea.svg |anblèm_imaj=Coat of Arms of North Korea.svg |fizo_orè= |kapital=[[Pyongyang]] |pi_gwo_vil=Pyongyang |monnen_non= |monnen_kòd= |monnen_divizyon= |PIB_dat= |PIB_total= |PIB_total_ran= |PIB_pa_abitan= |PIB_pa_abitan_ran= |gouvènman_dat= |gouvènman_tip=Repiblik sosyalis yon [[Eta yon sèl-pati|sèl-pati]] |chèf_tit= Dirijan siprèm |chèf_non= [[Kim Jong Oun]] |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran= |sipèfisi_total= |dlo_pousantaj= |frontyè_tè= |frontyè_kòt= |pli_ro_kote= |pli_ro= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat= |popilasyon_ran= |popilasyon_total= |popilasyon_dansite= |popilasyon_tip= |popilasyon_lavi_dat= |popilasyon_lavi= |popilasyon_ne_dat= |popilasyon_ne= |popilasyon_mòtalite_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun= |popilasyon_alfabèt_dat= |popilasyon_alfabèt= |popilasyon_an_vil_dat= |popilasyon_an_vil= |endepandans_dat= |endepandans_tip= |endepandans_de= |kòd= |ISO_kòd= |endikatif_entènet= |endikatif_telefonik= |endikatif_radyofonik= |EDI= |EDI_ran= |EDI_dat= |EPI= |EPI_ran= |EPI_dat= |kat_anplasman=LocationNorthKorea.png |kat_politik= |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= |vwazen= [[Kore disid]], [[Chin]], [[Risi]] |òganizasyon= |nòt= }} '''Kore dinò''' se yon peyi ki sitye nan [[Azi]] lès. [[Kapital]] se [[Pyongyang]]. {{Azi}} [[Kategori:Peyi]] [[Kategori:Peyi nan Azi]] [[Kategori:Azi lès]] 460i6k07lrswi7cbovbmlm8uqncjioo 0 1628 867916 822216 2025-05-31T07:59:14Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867916 wikitext text/x-wiki [[fichye:Latin cross (bold).svg|right|frameless|upright|[[Kwa]] a se senbòl prensipal la nan lafwa kretyen an.]] '''Krisyanis''' se yon relijyon [[monoteyis]], santre sou lavi [[Jezikris]], [[Mesi]]-a, avèk aktivite premye disip yo (ozanviwon premye syèk epòk n ap viv la a), rakonte nan [[Nouvo Testaman]]-an. Krisyanism konsidere yon relijyon abraramik, kòm [[jidayis]] ak [[islamis]]. Chouk yo se jidayism, ki repati anpil tèks sakre epi listwa fòmatif ; espesifikman, li repati [[Ansyen Testaman]] an. Ak kèk 2.100.000.000 (2.1 bilyon) [[kwayan]], ke yo rele [[kretyen]], krisyanis se pi gran relijyon nan [[lemonn]]. == Orijin mo == Mo "krisyanis" la soti nan epitèt [[Jezi]]. Se mo grèk Χριστός [kristòs], ki vle di kris la. Yo atribye l bay [[Jezikris]] sou baz lanmò ak rezirèksyon li kòm senbòl Mesi-a, kidonk, sovè limanite sou ki filozòf grèk yo te konn ap pale a. == Kwayans de baz == Krisyanis la sèvi ak eleman fondamantal relijyon jidayik la ki chita sou revelasyon biblik yo pou fè chemen li. Eleman fondamantal sa yo se : # Kwayans nan yon sèl bondye. Se sa ki fè yo karakterize relijyon sa a kòm yon relijyon monoteyis (apati prefiks grèk μονός [monos], ki vle di yon sèl, ak mo grèk θεός [teyos], dye) # Kwayans nan yon Mesi (apati mo ebre "moshiah" (pwon. mochiya) ki vle di chwazi pou Mesi a, pou sovè a) # kwayans nan rezirèksyon lèmò # kwayans nan yon dènye jijman jeneral k ap genyen pou tout moun apre lafen dimond == Ekriti sent yo == Adisione sou ekriti sent yo trouve nan [[relijyon]] jidayik la (i.e. [[Ansyen Testaman]]), kretyen yo ajoute yon [[Nouvo Testaman]] sou ekriti sa yo ki rakonte [[tradisyon]] premye moman relijyon krisyanis la t ap fòme. Nouvo Testaman sa a gen ladan li kat liv yo rele [[Levanjil]] ki ekri daprè [[Matie|Matye]], [[Mak]], [[Lik]] ak [[Jan]], anplis [[Akdèzapot]] (oswa Travay), kèk lòt lèt yo bay non epit ak liv [[Apokalips]] la. Yo konsidere liv sa yo te ekri ozanviwon dezyèm mwatye premye syèk avan epòk n ap viv la. Epit yo di [[Pòl]] te ekri yo sanble yo pi ansyen pase lòt yo. Yo detèmine gen youn nan epit oswa lèt [[Tesalonikyen]] yo kòm youn nan lèt ki te ekri ozanviwon ane 50 yo konsa. Apre sa, se [[Levanjil]] yo. Liv [[Apokalips]] sanble se li ki te ekri andènye. Kidonk, sanble premye jenerasyon kretyen ki te egziste yo te plis viv nan yon kilti ki gen plis tradisyon oral paske tèks Nouvo Testaman sa yo potko te ekri nan epòk [[apòt]] yo t ap viv la. == Gwoup kretyen yo == Mouvman krisyanis gen anpil faksyon ki fe diferans nan pwen doktrin pa yo epi nan tradisyon yo. Dabitid, krisyanis divize nan kat branch diferan : # Kominyon [[katolik]] (branch sa gen gwoup pi gran, [[Legliz Katolik]] woman, avek Katolik lès, gen anviwòn youn millye manm batize) # [[Krisyanis lès]] (branch sa gen dezyèm pi gran gwoup, Legliz [[òtodoks]] lès, epi ansyen [[Legliz de loriyan]]), # [[Pwotestantis]] (anpil denominasyon, gwoup sa enkli [[Anglikanis]], [[Refòme]], [[Literien]], [[Metodist]], [[batis]], epi [[Pantekostis]]. # Anabaptis yo Osi, gen lòt gwoup konsidere kòm kretyen, ki dabitid pa fe pàti nan lis sa. Legliz sa yo kwè nan kèk nan tradisyon kretyen yo, men yo gen tèlman gran varyasyon nan doktrin yo ke yo pa ka kategorize si fasilman kòm lòt legliz kretyen yo. Legliz sa yo se [[Legliz Jezikri pou Sen Dènye Jou yo]] (Mòmon), [[Advantis Setyèm Jou]] yo, epi [[Temwen Jewova]] yo. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Krisyanis]] 06s2f7d7ti8usscj85yecc1nc2d5h7x 0 1989 867883 840727 2025-05-29T14:24:12Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Ajoute infomasyon pou pei 867883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Peyi |non_lokal=Российская Федерация<br />Rossiyskaya Federatsiya |non_kreyòl=Risi |im_nasyonal= {{lang|ru|Государственный гимн Российской Федерации}} (nan kreyol: Im nasyonal Federasyon risi) |audio_hymne= Russian_Anthem_chorus.ogg |lang=[[Lang ris|Ris]] |jantile=ris |drapo_imaj=Flag of Russia.svg |anblèm_imaj=Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg |fizo_orè= +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8, +9, +10, +11 ak +12 |kapital= [[Moskou]] |pi_gwo_vil= [[Moskou]] |monnen_non= Roub |monnen_kòd= RUB |monnen_divizyon= |PIB_dat= 2022 |PIB_total= |PIB_total_ran= 11 |PIB_pa_abitan= |PIB_pa_abitan_ran= 36 |gouvènman_dat= |gouvènman_tip= [[Repiblik]], [[Eta federal]], [[Otokrasi|otokratik]] ak [[Otoritaris|otoritè]] |chèf_tit= Prezidan Federasyion Risi an : |chèf_non= [[Vladimir Poutine]] |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran= 1 |sipèfisi_total= 17234033 |dlo_pousantaj= 0,5 |frontyè_tè= |frontyè_kòt= |pli_ro_kote= |pli_ro= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat= 2024<ref>{{lien web|site=citypopulation|titre=Russia: Federal Districts and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather a...|langue=en/de|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/russia/cities/|consulté le=17/04/2025}}</ref> |popilasyon_ran= 9 |popilasyon_total= 143679916 |popilasyon_dansite= 8,4 |popilasyon_tip= |popilasyon_lavi_dat= |popilasyon_lavi= |popilasyon_ne_dat= |popilasyon_ne= |popilasyon_mòtalite_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun_dat= |popilasyon_mòtalite_timoun= |popilasyon_alfabèt_dat= |popilasyon_alfabèt= |popilasyon_an_vil_dat= |popilasyon_an_vil= |endepandans_dat= |endepandans_tip= |endepandans_de= |kòd= |ISO_kòd= |endikatif_entènet= ru |endikatif_telefonik= 7 |endikatif_radyofonik= |EDI= |EDI_ran= |EDI_dat= |EPI= |EPI_ran= |EPI_dat= |kat_anplasman=LocationRussia.png |kat_politik= |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= |vwazen= |òganizasyon= |nòt= }} '''Risi''' se pi gran peyi ki sou [[Latè|tè]] a. Li sitiye nan de (2) [[kontinan]]: [[Ewòp]] ak [[Azi]]. Kapital Risi se [[Moskou]]. == Gade tou == * [[Ris]] == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101203204759/http://www.gks.ru/ Economic data of Russia] * [https://wikiway.com/russia/dostoprimechatelnosti/ Sights of Russia] {{Ewòp}} {{Azi}} [[Kategori:Risi]] [[Kategori:Peyi]] [[Kategori:Peyi nan Ewòp]] axz7rmil1svkm6z7danrio9eelcvd68 0 3654 867988 696127 2025-06-01T15:04:58Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Korije infomasyon paj la 867988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kapital |non_lokal= |dat= |peyi=Peyiba |zòn_tip= |zòn= |zòn_ekonomik= |drapo_imaj= |anblèm_imaj= |koodone_lat= |koodone_lon= |chèf_tit= |chèf_non= |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran= |sipèfisi_total= |rote_mwayen= |pli_ro_kote= |pli_ro= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat= |popilasyon_ran= |popilasyon_total= |popilasyon_dansite= |popilasyon_tip= |kat_anplasman= |kat_politik= |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= |vwazen= |jimèl= |asosye= |sitwèb= |kòd_tip= |kòd= |nòt= }} '''Koro''' se plis gwo [[vil]] ak sant [[komèsyal]] pei [[Palawo]]. [[Kategori:Kapital]] m6wkmaiz2cu8udmh5lgaj1ehmnm3djy 867989 867988 2025-06-01T15:16:20Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Ajoute infomasyon ak yon referans 867989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vil |non_lokal= Koror |dat= |peyi= Palawo |zòn_tip= |zòn= |zòn_ekonomik= |drapo_imaj= |anblèm_imaj= |koodone_lat= |koodone_lon= |chèf_tit= Majistra |chèf_non= |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran= |sipèfisi_total= |rote_mwayen= |pli_ro_kote= |pli_ro= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat= 1993 |popilasyon_ran= |popilasyon_total= 7000 |popilasyon_dansite= |popilasyon_tip= |kat_anplasman= |kat_politik= |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= |vwazen= |jimèl= |asosye= |sitwèb= |kòd_tip= |kòd= |nòt= }} '''Koro''' se plis gwo [[vil]] ak sant [[komèsyal]] pei [[Palawo]] a. Li lakay apeprè mwatye [[popilasyon]] peyi a, ak li sitiye sou zile Koror. Li te [[kapital]] Palwo jiskaske Ngerulmud te ranplase li an 2006. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTzVs8WRhKkC&dq=koror+city+capital+palau&pg=PA37|title=Papa Mikeýs Palau Islands Handbook|last=Hollywood|first=Mike|date=2006-01-12|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-0-595-82000-9|pages=37|language=en}}</ref> == Referans == pyivxn8maqi2zq30m5pwxesy3vpeki8 0 4065 867959 744702 2025-06-01T04:52:01Z Diego Agado 34785 867959 wikitext text/x-wiki Transpò vle di mouvman oswa transfè moun, bèt, objè, oswa machandiz soti nan yon kote al nan yon lòt. Mòd transpò a kapab tè (ray tren oswa wout), lè, lanmè, kab, tiyo, ak espas. Nou ka divize domèn sa a an twa seksyon: enfrastrikti, mwayen transpò (veyikil), ak operasyon. Transpò pèmèt komès ant moun, ki te jwe yon wòl fondamantal nan fòmasyon sivilizasyon yo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/25/could-flying-electric-air-taxis-help-fix-urban-transportation|title=Could flying electric 'air taxis' help fix urban transportation?|last=Crawford|first=Amy|date=2021-10-25|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119165753/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/25/could-flying-electric-air-taxis-help-fix-urban-transportation|archive-date=2021-11-19|access-date=2021-11-19}}</ref> Kwasans ekonomik te toujou gen yon rapò ak kapasite sistèm transpò yo ak rasyonalite yo.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=WIPO Technology Trends: Future of Transportation - 2 Overview of transportation and its megatrends|url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/wipo-technology-trends-future-of-transportation/en/2-overview-of-transportation-and-its-megatrends.html#h2-megatrends-within-the-transportation-sector|journal=WIPO Technology Trends|language=en}}</ref> Enfrastrikti ak fonksyònman sistèm transpò yo gen anpil konsekans sou itilizasyon tè a, epi transpò se pi gwo konsomatè enèji, sa ki te bay anpil enpòtans a kesyon transpò dirab la. Transpò ak sistèm transpò yo jwe yon wòl enpòtan nan touris.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/feedarticle/8477508 Swine flu prompts EU warning on travel to US]. ''The Guardian.'' April 28, 2009.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emelx.com/|title=Southern California Airport Shuttle and Executive Car Services|language=en-US|access-date=2025-06-01}}</ref>[[File:Transporteur de bagage.jpg|thumb|Transpò]] '''Transpò''' se deplasman moun ou bagay yo * [[avyon]] * [[tren]] * [[machin]] <ref name="Major_Roads_of_the_United_States">{{cite web|url=http://nationalatlas.gov/mld/roadtrl.html|title=Major Roads of the United States|date=2006-03-13|publisher=United States Department of the Interior|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413153426/http://www.nationalatlas.gov/mld/roadtrl.html|archive-date=13 April 2007|access-date=24 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="RoadInfrastructureStrategicFrameworkforSouthAfrica">{{cite web|url=http://www.transport.gov.za/library/docs/rifsa/infor.html|title=Road Infrastructure Strategic Framework for South Africa|publisher=National Department of Transport (South Africa)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927063243/http://www.transport.gov.za/library/docs/rifsa/infor.html|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=24 March 2007}}</ref> * [[metwo]] * [[bato]] <ref>The [[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development]] (UNCTAD) 2007, pp. ''x'', 32.</ref> == Referans == {{referans}} [[Kategori:Transpò]] rwioobgggkdmcqmde8kannyhvkqfmrn 867962 867959 2025-06-01T04:56:12Z Diego Agado 34785 867962 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Transporteur de bagage.jpg|thumb|Transpò]]Transpò vle di mouvman oswa transfè moun, bèt, objè, oswa machandiz soti nan yon kote al nan yon lòt. Mòd transpò a kapab tè (ray tren oswa wout), lè, lanmè, kab, tiyo, ak espas. Nou ka divize domèn sa a an twa seksyon: enfrastrikti, mwayen transpò (veyikil), ak operasyon. Transpò pèmèt komès ant moun, ki te jwe yon wòl fondamantal nan fòmasyon sivilizasyon yo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/25/could-flying-electric-air-taxis-help-fix-urban-transportation|title=Could flying electric 'air taxis' help fix urban transportation?|last=Crawford|first=Amy|date=2021-10-25|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119165753/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/25/could-flying-electric-air-taxis-help-fix-urban-transportation|archive-date=2021-11-19|access-date=2021-11-19}}</ref> Kwasans ekonomik te toujou gen yon rapò ak kapasite sistèm transpò yo ak rasyonalite yo.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=WIPO Technology Trends: Future of Transportation - 2 Overview of transportation and its megatrends|url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/wipo-technology-trends-future-of-transportation/en/2-overview-of-transportation-and-its-megatrends.html#h2-megatrends-within-the-transportation-sector|journal=WIPO Technology Trends|language=en}}</ref> Enfrastrikti ak fonksyònman sistèm transpò yo gen anpil konsekans sou itilizasyon tè a, epi transpò se pi gwo konsomatè enèji, sa ki te bay anpil enpòtans a kesyon transpò dirab la. Transpò ak sistèm transpò yo jwe yon wòl enpòtan nan touris.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/feedarticle/8477508 Swine flu prompts EU warning on travel to US]. ''The Guardian.'' April 28, 2009.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emelx.com/|title=Southern California Airport Shuttle and Executive Car Services|language=en-US|access-date=2025-06-01}}</ref> '''Transpò''' se deplasman moun ou bagay yo * [[avyon]] * [[tren]] * [[machin]] <ref name="Major_Roads_of_the_United_States">{{cite web|url=http://nationalatlas.gov/mld/roadtrl.html|title=Major Roads of the United States|date=2006-03-13|publisher=United States Department of the Interior|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413153426/http://www.nationalatlas.gov/mld/roadtrl.html|archive-date=13 April 2007|access-date=24 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="RoadInfrastructureStrategicFrameworkforSouthAfrica">{{cite web|url=http://www.transport.gov.za/library/docs/rifsa/infor.html|title=Road Infrastructure Strategic Framework for South Africa|publisher=National Department of Transport (South Africa)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927063243/http://www.transport.gov.za/library/docs/rifsa/infor.html|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=24 March 2007}}</ref> * [[metwo]] * [[bato]] <ref>The [[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development]] (UNCTAD) 2007, pp. ''x'', 32.</ref> == Referans == {{referans}} [[Kategori:Transpò]] 724vletlndgy8f2tuq3aq5tt6139znd 4 5236 867884 867867 2025-05-29T16:47:38Z MediaWiki message delivery 11567 /* Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension */ nouvelle section 867884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/antèt}} __NEWSECTIONLINK__ == Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.'' Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.<br> ''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.'' The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time. For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.<br>We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WD4WMP/ScreenerInvite&oldid=26027495 --> == Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? == ''Apologies for writing in English.'' The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references. * The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here]. * Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch. * [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]]. * Sessions will be held in January and February. * [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.] * Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment. We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] <!-- Message envoyé par User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25956752 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2024 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2024, to March 31, 2024 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 janvye 2024 à 07:26 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' -- [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 janvye 2024 à 07:26 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote sur la Charte du Comité de Coordination du Code de Conduite Universel</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|Vous trouverez ce message traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Bonjour à toutes et à tous, Je m'adresse à vous aujourd'hui pour vous annoncer que la période de vote pour la charte du [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Comité de Coordination du Code de Conduite Universel]] (U4C) est désormais ouverte. Les membres de la communauté peuvent [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|voter et faire part de leurs commentaires sur la charte via SecurePoll]] jusqu'au '''2 février 2024'''. Celles et ceux d’entre vous qui ont exprimé leur opinion lors de l'élaboration des [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Lignes directrices pour l'application du CCU]] seront familiers avec ce processus. La [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|version actuelle de la charte du Comité de Coordination du Code de Conduite Universel]] est disponible sur Meta-Wiki avec plusieurs traductions. Veuillez lire la charte, procédez au vote et relayez cette annonce auprès des membres de votre communauté. Je vous affirme que le Comité de Construction de l'U4C se réjouit de votre participation. Au nom de l’équipe du projet de CCU,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 19 janvye 2024 à 18:08 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Derniers jours pour voter concernant la Charte du Comité de Coordination du Code de Conduite Universel</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|Vous trouverez ce message traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Bonjour à toutes et à tous, Je m'adresse à vous aujourd'hui pour vous rappeler que la période de vote pour la charte du [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Comité de coordination du Code de conduite universel]] (U4C) se terminera le '''2 février 2024'''. Les membres de la communauté peuvent [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|voter et faire part de leurs commentaires sur la charte via SecurePoll]].. Ceux d'entre vous qui ont exprimé leur opinion lors de l'élaboration des [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Lignes directrices pour l'application du CdCU]] seront familiers avec ce processus. La [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|version actuelle de la charte de l’U4C]] est disponible sur Meta-Wiki avec plusieurs traductions. Lisez la charte, votez et relayez cette annonce auprès des membres de votre communauté. Je vous affirme que le Comité de Construction de l'U4C se réjouit de votre participation. Au nom de l’équipe du projet de CCU,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 31 janvye 2024 à 17:00 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Annonce des résultats du vote de ratification de la charte du comité de coordination du CdCU</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Méta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Chers tous, Merci à tous d'avoir suivi les progrès du Code de conduite universel. Je vous écris aujourd'hui pour vous annoncer le résultat du [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|vote de ratification]] sur la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Charte du Comité de coordination du Code de conduite universel]]. 1746 personnes ont voté lors de ce vote de ratification, 1249 ayant soutenu la charte et 420 ne l'ayant pas soutenue. Le processus de vote de ratification a permis aux personnes ayant voté de fournir des commentaires sur la charte. Un rapport sur les statistiques de vote et un résumé des commentaires des votants seront publiés sur Meta-wiki dans les semaines à venir. Vous recevrez prochainement des informations sur les prochaines étapes. Au nom de l’équipe du projet de CdCU,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 12 fevriye 2024 à 18:23 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26160150 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26166467 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Le rapport de la ratification de la Charte U4C et l'appel à candidatures U4C sont désormais disponibles</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Bonjour, Je vous écris aujourd'hui pour vous communiquer deux informations importantes. Premièrement, le [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results| rapport des commentaires du Comité de coordination du Code de conduite universel (U4C) sur la ratification de la Charte]] est maintenant disponible. Deuxièmement, l'appel à candidatures pour l'U4C est désormais ouvert jusqu'au 1er avril 2024. Le [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Comité de coordination du Code de Conduite Universel]] (U4C) est un groupe mondial qui se consacre à la mise en œuvre équitable et cohérente du Code de Conduite Universel. Les membres de la communauté sont invités à soumettre leur candidature à l'U4C. Pour plus d'informations et pour connaître les responsabilités de l'U4C, veuillez [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|voir la charte de l'U4C]]. La charte prévoit 16 sièges pour l'U4C : huit sièges réservés à la communauté et huit autres aux régions pour garantir que l'U4C soit représentatif de la diversité du mouvement. Pour en savoir plus et soumettre votre candidature, cliquez sur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Meta-wiki]]. Au nom de l'équipe du projet UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 5 mas 2024 à 16:25 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26276337 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Sélection 2024 du conseil d'administration de la Fondation Wikimédia</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> : ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| Vous trouverez ce message traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' : ''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Chers tous et toutes, Cette année, le mandat de 4 (quatre) membres du conseil d'administration de la Fondation Wikimédia, sélectionnés par la communauté et les affiliés, arrivera à son terme [1]. Le conseil d'administration invite l'ensemble du mouvement à participer au processus de sélection de cette année et à voter pour pourvoir ces sièges. Le [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Comité des élections]] supervisera ce processus avec le soutien du personnel de la Fondation [2]. La Commission de gouvernance du Conseil a créé un groupe de travail sur la sélection des membres du Conseil, composé de Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins et Shani Evenstein Sigalov, qui ne peuvent candidater au processus de sélection des membres du Conseil sélectionnés par la communauté et les affiliés pour l'année 2024 [3]. Ce groupe est chargé de superviser le processus de sélection des membres du conseil d'administration pour 2024 et de tenir le conseil d'administration informé. Pour plus de détails sur les rôles du comité des élections, du conseil d'administration et du personnel, cliquez ici [4]. Voici les dates clés prévues : * Mai 2024 : Appel à candidatures et appel à questions * Juin 2024 : Les affiliés votent pour présélectionner 12 candidatures (pas de présélection si 15 candidatures ou moins se présentent) [5]. * Juin-août 2024 : Période de la campagne * Fin août / début septembre 2024 : Période de vote communautaire de deux semaines * Octobre-novembre 2024 : Examen des antécédents des candidates et candidats sélectionnés * Réunion du conseil d'administration en décembre 2024 : L'entrée en fonction du nouveau conseil d'administration Pour en savoir plus sur le processus de sélection de 2024 - y compris le calendrier détaillé, le processus de candidature, les règles de la campagne et les critères d'éligibilité des personnes qui votent -, consultez [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|cette page Meta-wiki]], et préparez votre plan. '''Bénévoles pour les élections''' Une autre façon de participer au processus de sélection de 2024 est de devenir bénévole pour les élections. Les bénévoles pour les élections sont un pont entre le comité des élections et leur communauté respective. Ils veillent à ce que leur communauté soit représentée en la mobilisant pour qu'elle aille voter. Pour en savoir plus sur le programme et les modalités d'adhésion, consultez cette [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|Meta-wiki page]]. Meilleures salutations, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (président du comité de gouvernance, groupe de travail sur la sélection du conseil d'administration) [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] Même si le seuil idéal est de 12 candidates et candidats pour 4 sièges à pourvoir, la procédure de présélection sera déclenchée s'il y a plus de 15 candidatures, car les 1 à 3 personnes éliminées pourraient se sentir exclues et cela représenterait beaucoup de travail pour les affiliés de mener à bien la procédure de présélection pour n'éliminer que 1 à 3 personnes de la liste des candidatures.<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]12 mas 2024 à 19:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26349432 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Votre wiki sera bientôt en lecture seule</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Lire ce message dans une autre langue]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] La [[foundation:|Fondation Wikimedia]] va basculer le trafic entre ses centres de données. Cela permettra de s’assurer que Wikipédia et les autres wikis de Wikimedia peuvent rester en ligne même après une catastrophe. Le trafic sera basculé le '''{{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|fr}}'''. Le test débutera à '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-03-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-03-20T14:00}}]''' (10:00 au Québec, 15:00 en heure d’Afrique de l'Ouest, 16:00 en heure d’Afrique centrale et 15:00 en Europe continentale). Malheureusement, en raison de certaines limites de [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], toutes les modifications de pages devront être arrêtées durant le passage d’un centre de données à l’autre. Nous nous excusons pour ce dérangement et nous travaillons à le minimiser dans le futur. '''Pendant une courte période, vous pourrez lire les wikis mais pas les modifier.''' *Vous ne pourrez pas effectuer de modification pendant une durée pouvant aller jusqu’à une heure, le {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-03-20|fr}}. *Si vous essayez de faire une modification ou de sauvegarder pendant cette période, vous verrez un message d’erreur. Nous espérons qu’aucune modification ne sera perdue durant ce temps, mais nous ne pouvons le garantir. Si vous voyez un message d’erreur, merci de patienter jusqu’au retour à la normale. Vous pourrez alors enregistrer votre modification. Mais nous vous conseillons de faire une copie de votre modification avant, au cas où. ''Autres conséquences :'' *Les tâches de fond seront ralenties et certaines pourraient être stoppées. Les liens rouges ne seront pas mis à jour aussi vite que d’habitude. Si vous créez un article qui est déjà lié depuis une autre page, le lien rouge pourrait rester rouge plus longtemps que d’habitude. Certains scripts ayant un long temps d’exécution devront être stoppés. * Nous espérons que le déploiement de code se passe comme chaque semaine. Cependant, certains codes particuliers pourraient être gelés si l’opération le nécessitait. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] sera indisponible durant environ 90 minutes. Ce projet pourra être reporté si nécessaire. Vous pouvez [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|consulter le calendrier sur wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Tout changement sera annoncé dans le calendrier. Il y aura d’autres annonces à propos de cet événement. Une bannière sera affichée sur tous les wikis 30 minutes avant le début de l’opération. '''Merci de partager ces informations avec votre communauté.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]], 15 mas 2024 à 00:00 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25636619 --> == Global ban proposal for Slowking4 == Hello. This is to notify the community that there is an ongoing global ban proposal for [[User:Slowking4]] who has been active on this wiki. You are invited to participate at [[m:Requests for comment/Global ban for Slowking4 (2)]]. [[Itilizatè:Seawolf35|Seawolf35]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Seawolf35|diskisyon]]) 15 mas 2024 à 13:49 (UTC) == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Votez maintenant pour sélectionner les membres de la première U4C</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Salut à tous et à toutes, Je vous écris pour vous informer que la période de vote pour le Comité de coordination du Code de conduite universel (U4C) est ouverte jusqu'au 9 mai 2024. Lisez les informations sur la page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024| de vote sur Meta-wiki]] pour en savoir plus sur le vote et l'éligibilité des personnes votantes. Le comité de coordination du code de conduite universel (U4C) est un groupe mondial qui se consacre à la mise en œuvre équitable et cohérente du code de conduite universel. Les membres de la communauté ont été invités à soumettre leur candidature à l'U4C. Pour plus d'informations et pour connaître les responsabilités de l'U4C, veuillez [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|consulter la charte U4C]]. Veuillez partager ce message avec les membres de votre communauté afin qu'ils puissent également participer. Au nom de l’équipe du projet de CdCU,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 25 avril 2024 à 20:20 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Inscrivez-vous à la réunion communauté linguistique du 31 mai à 16 h UTC</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/>Bonjour à tous, La prochaine réunion communauté linguistique est prévue dans quelques semaines, le 31 mai à 16 h UTC. Si vous cela vous intéresse, vous pouvez [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 vous inscrire sur cette page wiki]. Il s’agit d’une réunion orientée pour les participants, où nous faisons part des actualités de divers projets, discutons collectivement des questions techniques sur les wikis linguistiques et collaborons pour trouver des solutions possibles. Par exemple, lors de la dernière réunion, nous avons parlé du service de traduction automatique (MinT) et des langues et modèles qu’il prenait actuellement en charge, du travail de régionalisation de l’équipe de Kiwix et du défi technique de tri numérique des fichier utilisé sur la Wikisource en bengali. Vous avez envie de faire part d’actualités techniques concernant votre projet ? Un problème que vous voudriez soumettre à discussion durant la réunion ? Vous avez besoin d’une interprétation de l’anglais dans votre langue ? Contactez-moi à l’adresse ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org et [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|ajoutez des éléments à l’ordre du jour ici]]. Nous attendons votre participation ! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 me 2024 à 21:22 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Invitation à des retours sur la Procédure pour le Cycle de vie des Projets parents</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|Ce message est également traduit dans d’autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' [[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]] Chers membres de la communauté, Le [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Comité des affaires communautaires]] (le CAC) du [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|conseil d’administration de la Fondation Wikimédia]] vous invite à donner des retours à propos d’un '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|brouillon de Procédure pour le Cycle de vie des Projets parents]]'''. Cette Procédure décrit des étapes et des conditions pour lancer et arrêter des Projets parents Wikimédia, et vise à assurer le succès de tout nouveau projet approuvé. Ceci est distinct des procédures pour lancer ou arrêter de nouvelles langues pour des projets existants, dont s’occupent le [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Comité de Langue]] ou [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|la politique de fermeture de projets]]. Les détails sont disponibles sur [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|cette page]], ainsi que la manière d’apporter vos retours, et ceci jusqu’à la fin du '''23 juin 2024''', d’où que vous soyez. Vous pouvez également partager des informations à ce sujet avec les communautés de projets intéressées avec lesquelles vous travaillez ou que vous soutenez, et vous pouvez aussi nous aider à traduire la procédure en plus de langues, afin que les gens puissent participer aux discussions dans leur propre langue. De la part du CAC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 22 me 2024 à 02:25 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == Anons premye Komite Kowòdinasyon Kòd Konduit Inivèsèl la == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|Ou ka jwenn mesaj sa a tradui nan lòt lang sou Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Bonjou Responsab yo fin revize rezilta vòt yo. N ap suiv rezilta premye [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|eleksyon komite kòdinasyon Kòd Konduit Inivèsèl (U4C)]]. Nou kontan anonse moun sa yo kòm manm rejyonal U4C, ki pral ranpli yon manda de ane: * Amerik di Nò (USA ak Kanada) ** – * Ewòp Nò ak Lwès ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]] * Amerik Latin ak Karayib ** – * Ewòp Santral ak Lès (CEE) ** — * Afrik sib-saaryèn ** – * Mwayen Oryan ak Afrik Di nò ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]] * Azi Lès, Sidès ak Pasifik ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]] * Azi Sid ** – Moun sa yo ki anba eli manm kominote-an-gwo nan U4C la, ranpli yon tèm yon ane: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]] * – * – * – * – Mèsi ankò pou tout moun ki te patisipe nan pwosesis sa a ak anpil apresyasyon nan kandida yo pou lidèchip ou ak dediksyon pou mouvman Wikimedya a ak kominote a. Pandan semèn kap vini yo, U4C a pral kòmanse rankontre ak planifye ane 2024-25 la pou sipòte aplikasyon ak revizyon UCoC ak Gid pou Ranfòsman. Swiv travay yo sou [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]]. Nan non Ekip Pwojè UCoC a<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 3 jen 2024 à 08:14 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Le texte final de la Charte du Mouvement Wikimédia est désormais disponible sur Meta</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Bonjour à toutes et à tous, Le texte final de la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Charte du Mouvement Wikimédia]] est désormais disponible sur Meta dans plus de 20 langues pour consultation. '''Qu'est-ce que la charte du mouvement Wikimédia?''' La charte du mouvement Wikimédia est un document proposé pour définir les rôles et les responsabilités de tous les membres et entités du mouvement Wikimédia, y compris la création d'un nouvel organe - le Conseil mondial - pour la gouvernance du mouvement. '''Rejoignez la "cérémonie de lancement" de la charte du mouvement Wikimédia.''' Rejoignez la [[1$|« Soirée de lancement »]] le '''20 juin 2024''' à '''14.00-15.00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 votre heure locale]). Au cours de cet appel, nous célébrerons la publication de la Charte finale et présenterons le contenu de la Charte. Participez et renseignez-vous sur la Charte avant de passer au vote. '''Vote de ratification de la Charte du Mouvement''' Le vote débutera sur SecurePoll le '''25 juin 2024''' à '''00:01 UTC''' et se terminera le '''9 juillet 2024''' à '''23:59 UTC'''. Vous pouvez en savoir plus sur le processus de vote, les critères d'éligibilité et d'autres détails sur Meta. Pour toute question, veuillez laisser un commentaire sur la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|Page de discussion Meta]] ou envoyer un e-mail au MCDC à l'adresse suivante : [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org]. Au nom du MCDC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 11 jen 2024 à 08:44 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Le vote pour la ratification de la Charte du Mouvement Wikimédia est maintenant ouvert - votez !</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Bonjour à toutes et à tous, Le vote pour ratifier la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Charte du Mouvement Wikimédia''']] est désormais ouvert. La Charte du Mouvement Wikimédia est un document qui définit les rôles et les responsabilités de tous les membres et entités du mouvement Wikimédia, y compris la création d'un nouvel organe - le Conseil mondial - pour la gouvernance du mouvement. La version finale de la Charte du Mouvement Wikimédia est [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|disponible sur Meta dans différentes langues]]. Le vote a débuté sur SecurePoll le '''25 juin 2024''' à '''00:01 UTC''' et se terminera le '''9 juillet 2024''' à '''23:59 UTC'''. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|informations sur les votants et les conditions d'éligibilité]]. Après avoir lu la Charte, veuillez [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''voter ici''']] et faites partager cette note. Si vous avez des questions concernant le vote de ratification, veuillez contacter la Commission électorale de la Charte à l'adresse suivante: [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org''']. Au nom du CEC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 25 jen 2024 à 10:51 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Le vote pour la ratification de la charte du mouvement Wikimédia prend fin bientôt</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Bonjour à toutes et à tous, Ceci est un aimable rappel que la période de vote pour la ratification de la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Charte du Mouvement Wikimédia]] prendra fin le '''9 juillet 2024''', à '''23:59 UTC'''. Si vous n'avez pas encore voté, veuillez le faire [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|sur SecurePoll]]. Au nom de la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Commission électorale de la Charte]],<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 8 jiyè 2024 à 03:45 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024. The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]]. In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]]. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 10 jiyè 2024 à 00:02 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimedia Movement Charter ratification voting results</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, After carefully tallying both individual and affiliate votes, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]] is pleased to announce the final results of the Wikimedia Movement Charter voting.   As [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|communicated]] by the Charter Electoral Commission, we reached the quorum for both Affiliate and individual votes by the time the vote closed on '''July 9, 23:59 UTC'''. We thank all 2,451 individuals and 129 Affiliate representatives who voted in the ratification process. Your votes and comments are invaluable for the future steps in Movement Strategy. The final results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ratification voting held between 25 June and 9 July 2024 are as follows: '''Individual vote:''' Out of 2,451 individuals who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 2,446 have been accepted as valid votes. Among these, '''1,710''' voted “yes”; '''623''' voted “no”; and '''113''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 73.30% voted to approve the Charter (1710/2333), while 26.70% voted to reject the Charter (623/2333). '''Affiliates vote:''' Out of 129 Affiliates designated voters who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 129 votes are confirmed as valid votes. Among these, '''93''' voted “yes”; '''18''' voted “no”; and '''18''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 83.78% voted to approve the Charter (93/111), while 16.22% voted to reject the Charter (18/111). '''Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation:''' The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees voted '''not to ratify''' the proposed Charter during their special Board meeting on July 8, 2024. The Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, Nataliia Tymkiv, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|shared the result of the vote, the resolution, meeting minutes and proposed next steps]].   With this, the Wikimedia Movement Charter in its current revision is '''not ratified'''. We thank you for your participation in this important moment in our movement’s governance. The Charter Electoral Commission, [[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 jiyè 2024 à 17:52 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 27 jiyè 2024 à 02:46 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == Duplicate == @[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]], are [[Selil vòltayik]] and [[Pil elektrik]] the same subject? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 31 jiyè 2024 à 17:51 (UTC) :thanks @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], I just added a redirect [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 31 jiyè 2024 à 23:10 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now. '''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 6 out 2024 à 15:30 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == Byento : Yon nouvo fonksyonalite sou-referans - eseye li! == <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] Bonjou. Depi plizyè lane, manmb yo ki nan kominote a mande yon fason senp pou reyitilize referans yo nan presize kèk detay. Jodia, MedyaWiki vini ak yon solisyon: Nouvo fonksyonalite sou-referans lan pral fonksyone an wikikòd e avèk editè vizyèl nan amelyore systèm nòt anba paj yo ki ekziste deja. Ou kapab toujou itilize lòt fason pou ajoute yon nòt, men wap jwenn kanmenm sou-referans ki ajoute nan lòt atik itilizatè yo ekri. Pou jwenn plis detay ale sou [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|paj pwojè a]] '''Nou ta renmen jwenn avi paw''' pou nou ka asire ke fonksyonalite sa mache byen pou ou : * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Tanpri eseye]] dènye vèsyon ki an devlopman an sou beta wiki e [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|fè nou konnen kisaw panse]] * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Enskri la]] pou jwenn dènye nouvote epi envitasyon pou patisipe nan aktivite rechèch itilizatè yo Ekip [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|swè teknik]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedya Almay]] yo prevwa mete fonksyonalite sa sou wiki Wikimedya yo ane sa. Nap kontakte avan, tout moun kap kreye e soutni zouti ak modèl ki lye avèk nòt anba paj yo Tanpri ede nou pwopaje mesaj la --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC == Hi all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation! [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 out 2024 à 23:19 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]]. I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026: * North America (USA and Canada) ** Ajraddatz The following seats were not filled during this special election: * Latin America and Caribbean * Central and East Europe (CEE) * Sub-Saharan Africa * South Asia * The four remaining Community-At-Large seats Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]]. On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 2 septanm 2024 à 14:05 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr">Exprimez-vous : Votez pour le Conseil d'administration 2024 !</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Bonjour à tous et à toutes, La période de vote pour l'élection du conseil d'administration de [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024]] est maintenant ouverte. Douze (12) candidats et candidates se présentent pour quatre (4) sièges au conseil d'administration. Apprenez-en plus sur les candidats et candidates en [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|lisant leurs déclarations]] et leurs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|réponses aux questions de la communauté]]. Lorsque vous serez en mesure de voter, rendez-vous sur la page de vote du [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] pour voter. Le vote est ouvert du 3 septembre à 00:00 UTC au 17 septembre à 23:59 UTC. Pour vérifier votre éligibilité, veuillez consulter la page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|éligibilité de l'électeur]]. Bien à vous, Le comité des élections et le groupe de travail sur la sélection des membres du conseil d'administration<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 septanm 2024 à 12:14 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == Springfield, Ohio == Hello! I've been reaching out to see if there are any editors interested in adding to the Haitian and French versions of [[Springfield, Ohio]], especially in recognition of the large Haitian population that has settled the city. On another note, I am embarrassed and appalled about the recent lies told about the Haitian people in the city. I am calling out the false statements, and I want to express support for immigrants in the United States, including those from Haiti. [[Itilizatè:WhisperToMe|WhisperToMe]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhisperToMe|diskisyon]]) 12 septanm 2024 à 02:40 (UTC) == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr">Votre wiki sera bientôt en lecture seule</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Lire ce message dans une autre langue]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] La [[foundation:|Fondation Wikimedia]] va basculer le trafic entre ses centres de données. Cela permettra de s’assurer que Wikipédia et les autres wikis de Wikimedia peuvent rester en ligne même après une catastrophe. Le trafic sera basculé le '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|fr}}'''. La bascule débutera à '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''. Malheureusement, en raison de certaines limites de [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], toutes les modifications de pages devront être arrêtées durant le passage d’un centre de données à l’autre. Nous nous excusons pour ce dérangement et nous travaillons à le minimiser dans le futur. Une bannière sera affichée sur tous les wikis 30 minutes avant le début de l’opération. Cette bannière restera visible jusqu’à la fin de l’opération. '''Pendant une courte période, vous pourrez lire les wikis mais pas les modifier.''' *Vous ne pourrez pas effectuer de modification pendant une durée pouvant aller jusqu’à une heure, le {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|fr}}. *Si vous essayez de faire une modification ou de sauvegarder pendant cette période, vous verrez un message d’erreur. Nous espérons qu’aucune modification ne sera perdue durant ce temps, mais nous ne pouvons le garantir. Si vous voyez un message d’erreur, merci de patienter jusqu’au retour à la normale. Vous pourrez alors enregistrer votre modification. Mais nous vous conseillons de faire une copie de votre modification avant, au cas où. ''Autres conséquences :'' *Les tâches de fond seront ralenties et certaines pourraient être stoppées. Les liens rouges ne seront pas mis à jour aussi vite que d’habitude. Si vous créez un article qui est déjà lié depuis une autre page, le lien rouge pourrait rester rouge plus longtemps que d’habitude. Certains scripts ayant un long temps d’exécution devront être stoppés. * Nous espérons que le déploiement de code se passe comme chaque semaine. Cependant, certains codes particuliers pourraient être gelés si l’opération le nécessitait. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] sera indisponible durant environ 90 minutes. Ce projet pourra être reporté si nécessaire. Vous pouvez [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|consulter le calendrier sur wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Tout changement sera annoncé dans le calendrier. '''Merci de partager ces informations avec votre communauté.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 20 septanm 2024 à 09:37 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27248326 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 27 septanm 2024 à 18:57 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey == Dear all, Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community. To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event. Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference! Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success. Warm regards, User:ZI Jony 6 oktòb 2024 à 03:20 (UTC) Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team <!-- Message envoyé par User:ZI Jony@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27510935 --> == Deployment of Dark mode in Haitian Creole Wikipedia == Hello Haitian Creole Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not written in your native language, {{Int:please-translate}}. We are happy to announce that the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] have deployed [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|dark mode]] here on Haitian Creole Wikipedia! This was possible because pages on your wiki have passed our checks for accessibility and other quality checks. Congratulations! This was only possible due to the diligent work of editors and other technical contributors in your community who have made sure that templates, gadgets, and other parts of pages can be accessible in dark mode. Thank you all for making dark mode available for everybody! For context, we would like to add that the Web team's work on dark mode has concluded. If on some wikis, the option is not yet available for logged-out users, this is likely because many pages do not yet display well in dark mode. As communities make progress on this work, we enable this feature on additional wikis once per month. If you notice any issues after enabling dark mode, please create this page: <code>Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Reporting/ht.wikipedia.org</code> in MediaWiki ([[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Reporting|like these pages]]), and report the issue in the created page. Thank you! On behalf of the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. [[Itilizatè:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:UOzurumba (WMF)|diskisyon]]) 9 oktòb 2024 à 00:21 (UTC) == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr">Résultats préliminaires des élections de 2024 du conseil d'administration de la Fondation Wikimédia</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Bonjour, Merci à tous ceux qui ont participé à [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|l'élection de 2024 du conseil d'administration de la Fondation Wikimédia]]. Près de 6000 membres de la communauté issus de plus de 180 projets wiki ont voté. Les quatre candidats suivants ont obtenu le plus de voix: # [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]] # [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]] # [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]] # [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]] Bien que ces candidats aient été classés par nombre de votes, ils doivent encore être nommés au conseil d'administration. Ils doivent réussir une vérification des antécédents et satisfaire aux qualifications décrites dans les statuts. Les nouveaux membres seront nommés lors de la prochaine réunion du conseil en décembre 2024. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Vous pouvez en savoir plus sur les résultats sur Méta-Wiki.]] Bien à vous, Le comité des élections et le groupe de travail sur la sélection des membres du conseil d'administration <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 14 oktòb 2024 à 08:25 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr">À la recherche de bénévoles pour rejoindre plusieurs comités du mouvement</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Chaque année, généralement d’octobre à décembre, plusieurs comités du mouvement cherchent de nouveaux bénévoles. Pour en savoir plus sur les comités, consultez leurs pages Meta-wiki : * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Comité des affiliations (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Commission de médiation (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Comité d'examen des cas (CRC)]] Les candidatures aux comités sont ouvertes à partir du 16 octobre 2024. Les candidatures au Comité des affiliations sont closes le 18 novembre 2024, et les candidatures à la commission de médiation et au Comité d'examen des cas sont closes le 2 décembre 2024. Pour savoir comment postuler, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|consultez la page de nomination sur Meta-wiki]]. Publiez sur la page de discussion ou envoyez un e-mail à [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] pour toute question que vous pourriez avoir. Pour l'équipe de soutien du comité, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16 oktòb 2024 à 23:07 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27601062 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 22 oktòb 2024 à 11:29 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success == Dear all, We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community. Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs. * Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey] * Deadline: November 10, 2024 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference! '''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply. * Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here] * Application Deadline: October 31, 2024 Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions] Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success! Warm regards,<br> The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 29 oktòb 2024 à 05:11 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:ZI Jony@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC == Hello everyone, The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone <https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000>). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: <https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024>. This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation. Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 21 novanm 2024 à 19:54 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 16 janvye 2025 à 12:08 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:ZI Jony@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 24 janvye 2025 à 01:11 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 janvye 2025 à 02:35 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 janvye 2025 à 02:35 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 3 fevriye 2025 à 00:48 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22 fevriye 2025 à 08:29 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 7 mas 2025 à 18:51 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 13 mas 2025 à 02:55 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> :Bonjou Wikipedyen yo, :Ekskize paske mesaj sa a pa nan lang ou a, Ede nou tradui l nan lang pa ou. :[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Ekip Lang ak lokalizasyon pwodui]] a amelyore Kontni [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-listsugsug=previous-listsugs Tablobò tradiksyon an] pou kreye yon eksperyans ki konsistan pou tout kontribitè lè l sèvi avèk aparèy mobil ak biwo. Tablobò tradiksyon amelyore a pèmèt tout itilizatè ki konekte nan zouti a jwi yon eksperyans ki konsistan kèlkeswa kalite aparèy yo. :Avèk yon eksperyans amonize, itilizatè ki konekte sou òdinatè biwo kounye a gen aksè a kapasite ki montre yo nan imaj ki anba a. :[[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Remake ke nan ekran sa a, nouvo tablodbò a pèmèt: Itilizatè yo ajiste sijesyon ak bouton "Pou ou" ak "...Plis" pou chwazi sijè jeneral oswa koleksyon kominote kreye (tankou egzanp sijè Klima). Epitou, itilizatè yo ka itilize tradiksyon pou kreye nouvo atik (tankou anvan) epi elaji atik ki egziste deja seksyon pa seksyon. Ou ka wè ki jan yo bay sijesyon nan nouvo tablodbò a an de gwoup ("Kreye nouvo paj" ak "Agrandi ak nouvo seksyon")-youn pou chak aktivite.]] :[[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|Nan tablodbò aktyèl la, w ap remake ke ou pa ka ajiste sijesyon pou chwazi sijè oswa koleksyon kominote kreye. Epitou, ou pa ka elaji sou atik ki egziste deja lè w tradui nouvo seksyon yo.]] :N ap aplike [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|amelyorasyon sa a]] sou wiki ou a '''lendi 17 mas 2025''' epi retire tablodbò aktyèl la '''pa Me 2025'''. :Tanpri kontakte n nenpòt kesyon konsènan tablodbò a nan fil sa a. :Mèsi! :Nan non ekip Lang ak lokalizasyon pwodui. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 13 mas 2025 à 15:13 (UTC) == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr">Votre wiki sera bientôt en lecture seule</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Lire ce message dans une autre langue]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] La [[foundation:|Fondation Wikimedia]] va basculer le trafic entre ses centres de données. Cela permettra de s’assurer que Wikipédia et les autres wikis de Wikimedia peuvent rester en ligne même après une catastrophe. Le trafic sera basculé le '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|fr}}'''. La bascule débutera à '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''. Malheureusement, en raison de certaines limites de [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], toutes les modifications de pages devront être arrêtées durant le passage d’un centre de données à l’autre. Nous nous excusons pour ce dérangement, que nous nous efforçons de réduire pour le futur. Une bannière sera affichée sur tous les wikis 30 minutes avant le début de l’opération. Cette bannière restera visible jusqu’à la fin de l’opération. '''Pendant une courte période, vous pourrez lire les wikis mais pas les modifier.''' *Vous ne pourrez pas effectuer de modification pendant une durée pouvant aller jusqu’à une heure, le {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|fr}}. *Si vous essayez de faire une modification ou de sauvegarder pendant cette période, vous verrez un message d’erreur. Nous espérons qu’aucune modification ne sera perdue durant ce temps, mais nous ne pouvons le garantir. Si vous voyez un message d’erreur, merci de patienter jusqu’au retour à la normale. Vous pourrez alors enregistrer votre modification. Nous vous conseillons cependant de faire une copie de votre modification avant, au cas où. ''Autres conséquences :'' *Les tâches de fond seront ralenties et certaines pourraient être stoppées. Les liens rouges ne seront pas mis à jour aussi vite que d’habitude. Si vous créez un article qui est déjà lié depuis une autre page, le lien rouge pourrait rester rouge plus longtemps que d’habitude. Certains scripts ayant un long temps d’exécution devront être stoppés. * Le déploiement de code devrait se dérouler comme chaque semaine. Cependant, certains codes particuliers pourraient être gelés si l’opération le nécessitait. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] sera indisponible durant environ 90 minutes. Ce projet pourra être reporté si nécessaire. Vous pouvez [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|consulter le calendrier sur wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Tout changement sera annoncé dans le calendrier. '''Merci de partager ces informations avec votre communauté.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 mas 2025 à 23:15 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 4 avril 2025 à 02:04 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16 avril 2025 à 16:11 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17 avril 2025 à 00:34 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 28 avril 2025 à 15:03 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr">Vote sur les modifications proposées aux lignes directrices de l'UCoC et à la charte de l'U4C</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> La période de vote pour les révisions des directives d'application du Code de conduite universel et de la Charte U4C se termine le 1er mai 2025 à 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 trouver dans votre fuseau horaire]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Lisez les informations sur la façon de participer et lisez la proposition avant de voter]] sur la page UCoC de Méta-wiki. Le [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Comité de coordination du code de conduite universel (U4C)]] est un groupe mondial qui se consacre à la mise en œuvre équitable et cohérente de l'UCoC. Cet examen annuel a été planifié et mis en œuvre par l'U4C. Pour plus d'informations et pour connaître les responsabilités de l'U4C, vous pouvez [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|réviser la charte U4C]]. Veuillez partager ce message avec les membres de votre communauté dans votre langue, le cas échéant, afin qu'ils puissent également y participer. En coopération avec l'U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 29 avril 2025 à 03:41 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 6 me 2025 à 15:08 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Haitian Creole Wikipedia == {{Int:Hello}} Haitian Creole Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Haitian Creole Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[Fichye:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[Fichye:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 26th May 2025. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Itilizatè:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:UOzurumba (WMF)|diskisyon]]) 12 me 2025 à 20:23 (UTC) == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr">Appel aux candidatures pour le Comité de Coordination du Code de Conduite Universel (U4C).</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Les résultats du vote sur les directives d'application et la charte du Comité de Coordination du Code de Conduite Universel (U4C) sont disponibles [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|sur Méta-wiki]]. Vous pouvez désormais [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|soumettre votre candidature pour siéger à l'U4C]] à partir du 29 mai 2025 à 12:00 UTC. Des informations sur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|l'éligibilité, le processus, et la chronologie sont disponibles sur Méta-wiki]]. Le vote sur les candidats sera ouvert le 1^er juin 2025 et durera deux semaines, se finissant donc le 15 juin 2025 à 12:00 UTC. Si vous avez des questions, vous pouvez les poser sur [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|la page de discussion pour l'élection]]. -- en coopération avec l'U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|diskisyon]])</bdi> 15 me 2025 à 22:07 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 22 me 2025 à 15:26 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr">Sélection 2025 du conseil d'administration de la fondation Wikimédia et appel à questions</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Chers tous et toutes, Cette année, le mandat de deux administrateurs sélectionnés par la communauté et les affiliés au conseil d'administration de la Fondation Wikimédia prendra fin [1]. Le conseil invite l'ensemble du mouvement à participer au processus de sélection de cette année et à voter pour pourvoir ces sièges. Le Comité des élections supervisera ce processus avec le soutien du personnel de la Fondation [2]. Le Comité de gouvernance, composé de membres du Conseil d'administration non-candidats au processus de sélection des membres du Conseil d'administration 2025 sélectionnés par la communauté et les affiliés (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina et Esra'a Al Shafei) [3], est chargé de superviser le processus de sélection des membres du Conseil d'administration 2025 et de tenir le Conseil d'administration au courant de la situation. Pour plus de détails sur les rôles de la commission des élections, du conseil d'administration et du personnel, cliquez ici [4]. En voici les dates clés : * 22 mai - 5 juin : Annonce ( la présente communication) et période d'appel à questions. [6] * 17 juin - 1er juillet 2025 : Appel à candidatures * Juillet 2025 : Si nécessaire, les affiliés votent pour présélectionner les candidats si 10 d'entre eux ou plus se présentent [5]. * Août 2025 : Période de la campagne * Août - septembre 2025 : Période de vote communautaire de deux semaines * Octobre - novembre 2025 : Vérification des antécédents des candidats sélectionnés * Réunion du conseil d'administration en décembre 2025 : Installation des nouveaux membres du conseil d'administration Pour en savoir plus sur le processus de sélection de 2025 - y compris le calendrier détaillé, le processus de candidature, les règles de la campagne et les critères d'éligibilité des électeurs -, veuillez consulter cette page Meta-wiki. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Appel à questions''' Lors de chaque processus de sélection, la communauté a la possibilité de soumettre des questions auxquelles les candidats au conseil d'administration devront répondre. Le comité électoral sélectionne les questions à partir de la liste établie par la communauté pour que les candidats y répondent. Les candidats doivent répondre à toutes les questions posées dans le dossier de candidature pour être éligibles, faute de quoi leur candidature sera rejetée. Cette année, le comité électoral sélectionnera 5 questions auxquelles les candidats devront répondre. Les questions sélectionnées peuvent être une combinaison de celles qui ont été soumises par la communauté, si elles sont similaires ou liées. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Bénévoles des élections''' Une autre façon de participer au processus de sélection de 2025 est de devenir bénévole des élections. Les bénévoles électoraux constituent un pont entre le comité électoral et leur communauté respective. Ils veillent à ce que leur communauté soit représentée et les incitent à voter. Pour en savoir plus sur le programme et les modalités d'adhésion, consultez cette page Meta-wiki. [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link]]]. Je vous remercie ! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Bien à vous, Victoria Doronina Liaison du conseil d'administration avec le comité des élections Comité de gouvernance<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 me 2025 à 03:07 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone, ''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)'' The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''. This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable. The three main features of this extension are: * '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki. * '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''. * '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions. '''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''"Event Organizer"''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment. The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]]) If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout. Thank you! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|diskisyon]]) 29 me 2025 à 16:47 (UTC)</bdi> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&oldid=28803829 --> ruhvvivcocj0pburqb76jolmakcs8pd 0 12918 867982 850124 2025-06-01T05:21:12Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{eboch}} '''Sosyoloji''' se yon [[Disiplin (espesyalite)|disiplin]] ki pèmèt etidye fè sosyal yo avèk aksyon yo sou moun ki ap viv nan sosyete a. Detout [[syans sosyal]] ki gen pou objektif rechèche tout [[eksplikasyon]] ak tout [[Konpryansyon|konpreyansyon]] tipikman [[sosyal]], e non pa mantal oubyen [[biyofizik]], ak de [[fenomèn]] [[Obsèvasyon|obsèvab]], pou kapab montre bagay sosyolojik. Men ann [[Ayiti]] syans sa ka parèt twò teyorik e baze sou de konsèp ki defini nan de sosyete etranjè ki pa fòseman defini nan sosyete ayisyèn nan. Se pou sa gen yon jenerasyon sosyològ nan peyi sa ki te vle ke Ayiti gen yon lekòl sosyolojik ki ta dedye tèt li pou fè rechèch sou sosyete ayisyèn nan e vini avèk de konsèp ki ta gen sans yo, egzistans yo anndan sosyete sila. Lè sa nou t ap gen yon sosyoloji aktif ann Ayiti ki t ap plis ke senp imitasyon bèl pawòl ki te di sou lòt sosyete ke nap eseye san siksè adapte ak reyalite peyi Ayiti. == Etimoloji == == Istwa == Sosyoloji a etidye tout [[Entèyaksyon (syans sosyal)|entèraksyon sosyal]], ki pwodui yo pa egzanp, selon tout apwòch : debann [[aktè sosyal]] yo, debann [[Aksyon sosyal (syans sosyal)|aksyon sosyal]], detout [[fè sosyal]] yo, detout [[Idantite (syans sosyal)|idantite sosyal]], detout [[Enstitisyon (sosyoloji)|enstitisyon sosyal yo]], debann [[òganizasyon sosyal|òganizasyon]], detout [[analiz nan rezo sosyal|rezo yo]], debann [[kilti]] yo, debann [[klas sosyal]], debann [[nòm sosyal]] konsa ke nan tout antite sa a yo ki pa gen eksplikasyon [[piman]] byofizik oubyen mantal e ki se yo ki pwodui pa [[Entèyaksyon (syans sosyal)|entèraksyon sosyal]]. Yon eksplikasyon sosyolojik kapab wè kòm pwodui de yon demach syantifik e/oubyen entèlektyèl, pou nou kapab rann kont, eksplike oubyen konprann yon fenomèn sosyal. Konesans sosyolojik la distenge li de [[sans komen]], ki pèmèt li tou apreyande lavi sosyal, pa [[metodoloji syantifik]]. Sosyoloji a distribye an de gwo oryantasyon prensipal : youn se [[rechèch fondamantal]] ak lòt la se [[rechèch aplike]]. Rechèch fondamantal la gen pou objektif apwofondi konesans teyorik sitou [[pwosesis sosyal]] yo, tandiske rechèch aplike a gen pou objektif enfliyanse [[politik piblik]]. Tou de oryantasyon yo ka anchevetre. Li egziste de (2) tip de metòd an sosyoloji : [[metòd kalitativ]] ak [[metòd kantitativ]] ; yo ka tou konplamantè. Sosyoloji a ofri twa (3) nivo pou analiz la : [[mikwososyoloji]], [[makwososyoloji]] ak nivo tout [[òganizasyon sosyal]], debann [[rezo sosyal]] e pou [[Estrikti e ajans|ajantivite]] (mezososyoloji). [[Rechèch an syans sosyal|rechèch sosyolojik]] enfòme [[politisyen]] yo e otorite piblik yo, [[Edikasyon|edikatè]], [[travay sosyal|travayè sosyal]] yo, [[Pouvwa lejislatif|lejislatè]], e pou anpil lòt [[òganis]] e desidè konsa ke tout sa ki entèrese pa rezolisyon [[pwoblèm sosyal]] yo. Ki pou anpil [[sosyològ]] se yo jodi a ki anplwaye pa debann enstitisyon piblik, debann kolektivite teritoryal oubyen debann antrepriz prive pou fin ekspètize oubyen ke [[Konsiltan|konsiltans]]. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Sosyoloji]] s1ps4yifr544sb2p193ul8ro338sjh3 867983 867982 2025-06-01T05:23:45Z Diego Agado 34785 867983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{eboch}} '''Sosyoloji''' se yon [[Disiplin (espesyalite)|disiplin]] ki pèmèt etidye fè sosyal yo avèk aksyon yo sou moun ki ap viv nan sosyete a. Detout [[syans sosyal]] ki gen pou objektif rechèche tout [[eksplikasyon]] ak tout [[Konpryansyon|konpreyansyon]] tipikman [[sosyal]], e non pa mantal oubyen [[biyofizik]], ak de [[fenomèn]] [[Obsèvasyon|obsèvab]], pou kapab montre bagay sosyolojik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/sociology|title=sociology|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.asanet.org/introtosociology/Documents/Field%20of%20sociology033108.htm#whatissociology|title=Sociology|last=Dictionary of the Social Sciences|date=2008|editor-last=Calhoun|editor-first=Craig|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=New York|orig-date=2002|via=[[American Sociological Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.colgate.edu/docs/default-source/default-document-library/sociology-a-21st-century-major.pdf?sfvrsn=0|title=Sociology: A 21st Century Major|website=Colgate University|publisher=[[American Sociological Association]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018181236/https://www.colgate.edu/docs/default-source/default-document-library/sociology-a-21st-century-major.pdf?sfvrsn=0|archive-date=18 October 2017|access-date=19 July 2017}}</ref> Men ann [[Ayiti]] syans sa ka parèt twò teyorik e baze sou de konsèp ki defini nan de sosyete etranjè ki pa fòseman defini nan sosyete ayisyèn nan. Se pou sa gen yon jenerasyon sosyològ nan peyi sa ki te vle ke Ayiti gen yon lekòl sosyolojik ki ta dedye tèt li pou fè rechèch sou sosyete ayisyèn nan e vini avèk de konsèp ki ta gen sans yo, egzistans yo anndan sosyete sila. Lè sa nou t ap gen yon sosyoloji aktif ann Ayiti ki t ap plis ke senp imitasyon bèl pawòl ki te di sou lòt sosyete ke nap eseye san siksè adapte ak reyalite peyi Ayiti.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Ashley|first1=David|first2=David M.|last2=Orenstein|year=2005|title=Sociological Theory: Classical Statements|edition=6th|place=Boston|publisher=Pearson Education}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yang|first=Jianghua|date=2023-11-13|title=Beyond structural inequality: a socio-technical approach to the digital divide in the platform environment|journal=Humanities and Social Sciences Communications|volume=10|doi=10.1057/s41599-023-02326-1|s2cid=265151025|doi-access=free}}</ref> == Etimoloji == == Istwa == Sosyoloji a etidye tout [[Entèyaksyon (syans sosyal)|entèraksyon sosyal]], ki pwodui yo pa egzanp, selon tout apwòch : debann [[aktè sosyal]] yo, debann [[Aksyon sosyal (syans sosyal)|aksyon sosyal]], detout [[fè sosyal]] yo, detout [[Idantite (syans sosyal)|idantite sosyal]], detout [[Enstitisyon (sosyoloji)|enstitisyon sosyal yo]], debann [[òganizasyon sosyal|òganizasyon]], detout [[analiz nan rezo sosyal|rezo yo]], debann [[kilti]] yo, debann [[klas sosyal]], debann [[nòm sosyal]] konsa ke nan tout antite sa a yo ki pa gen eksplikasyon [[piman]] byofizik oubyen mantal e ki se yo ki pwodui pa [[Entèyaksyon (syans sosyal)|entèraksyon sosyal]]. Yon eksplikasyon sosyolojik kapab wè kòm pwodui de yon demach syantifik e/oubyen entèlektyèl, pou nou kapab rann kont, eksplike oubyen konprann yon fenomèn sosyal. Konesans sosyolojik la distenge li de [[sans komen]], ki pèmèt li tou apreyande lavi sosyal, pa [[metodoloji syantifik]]. Sosyoloji a distribye an de gwo oryantasyon prensipal : youn se [[rechèch fondamantal]] ak lòt la se [[rechèch aplike]]. Rechèch fondamantal la gen pou objektif apwofondi konesans teyorik sitou [[pwosesis sosyal]] yo, tandiske rechèch aplike a gen pou objektif enfliyanse [[politik piblik]]. Tou de oryantasyon yo ka anchevetre. Li egziste de (2) tip de metòd an sosyoloji : [[metòd kalitativ]] ak [[metòd kantitativ]] ; yo ka tou konplamantè. Sosyoloji a ofri twa (3) nivo pou analiz la : [[mikwososyoloji]], [[makwososyoloji]] ak nivo tout [[òganizasyon sosyal]], debann [[rezo sosyal]] e pou [[Estrikti e ajans|ajantivite]] (mezososyoloji). [[Rechèch an syans sosyal|rechèch sosyolojik]] enfòme [[politisyen]] yo e otorite piblik yo, [[Edikasyon|edikatè]], [[travay sosyal|travayè sosyal]] yo, [[Pouvwa lejislatif|lejislatè]], e pou anpil lòt [[òganis]] e desidè konsa ke tout sa ki entèrese pa rezolisyon [[pwoblèm sosyal]] yo. Ki pou anpil [[sosyològ]] se yo jodi a ki anplwaye pa debann enstitisyon piblik, debann kolektivite teritoryal oubyen debann antrepriz prive pou fin ekspètize oubyen ke [[Konsiltan|konsiltans]]. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Sosyoloji]] 93ophzalgyw9kzji798spng35arzsbe 867984 867983 2025-06-01T05:26:38Z Diego Agado 34785 867984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{eboch}} '''Sosyoloji''' se yon [[Disiplin (espesyalite)|disiplin]] ki pèmèt etidye fè sosyal yo avèk aksyon yo sou moun ki ap viv nan sosyete a. Detout [[syans sosyal]] ki gen pou objektif rechèche tout [[eksplikasyon]] ak tout [[Konpryansyon|konpreyansyon]] tipikman [[sosyal]], e non pa mantal oubyen [[biyofizik]], ak de [[fenomèn]] [[Obsèvasyon|obsèvab]], pou kapab montre bagay sosyolojik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/sociology|title=sociology|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.asanet.org/introtosociology/Documents/Field%20of%20sociology033108.htm#whatissociology|title=Sociology|last=Dictionary of the Social Sciences|date=2008|editor-last=Calhoun|editor-first=Craig|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=New York|via=[[American Sociological Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.colgate.edu/docs/default-source/default-document-library/sociology-a-21st-century-major.pdf?sfvrsn=0|title=Sociology: A 21st Century Major|website=Colgate University|publisher=[[American Sociological Association]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018181236/https://www.colgate.edu/docs/default-source/default-document-library/sociology-a-21st-century-major.pdf?sfvrsn=0|archive-date=18 October 2017|access-date=19 July 2017}}</ref> Men ann [[Ayiti]] syans sa ka parèt twò teyorik e baze sou de konsèp ki defini nan de sosyete etranjè ki pa fòseman defini nan sosyete ayisyèn nan. Se pou sa gen yon jenerasyon sosyològ nan peyi sa ki te vle ke Ayiti gen yon lekòl sosyolojik ki ta dedye tèt li pou fè rechèch sou sosyete ayisyèn nan e vini avèk de konsèp ki ta gen sans yo, egzistans yo anndan sosyete sila. Lè sa nou t ap gen yon sosyoloji aktif ann Ayiti ki t ap plis ke senp imitasyon bèl pawòl ki te di sou lòt sosyete ke nap eseye san siksè adapte ak reyalite peyi Ayiti.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Ashley|first1=David|first2=David M.|last2=Orenstein|year=2005|title=Sociological Theory: Classical Statements|edition=6th|place=Boston|publisher=Pearson Education}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yang|first=Jianghua|date=2023-11-13|title=Beyond structural inequality: a socio-technical approach to the digital divide in the platform environment|journal=Humanities and Social Sciences Communications|volume=10}}</ref> == Etimoloji == == Istwa == Sosyoloji a etidye tout [[Entèyaksyon (syans sosyal)|entèraksyon sosyal]], ki pwodui yo pa egzanp, selon tout apwòch : debann [[aktè sosyal]] yo, debann [[Aksyon sosyal (syans sosyal)|aksyon sosyal]], detout [[fè sosyal]] yo, detout [[Idantite (syans sosyal)|idantite sosyal]], detout [[Enstitisyon (sosyoloji)|enstitisyon sosyal yo]], debann [[òganizasyon sosyal|òganizasyon]], detout [[analiz nan rezo sosyal|rezo yo]], debann [[kilti]] yo, debann [[klas sosyal]], debann [[nòm sosyal]] konsa ke nan tout antite sa a yo ki pa gen eksplikasyon [[piman]] byofizik oubyen mantal e ki se yo ki pwodui pa [[Entèyaksyon (syans sosyal)|entèraksyon sosyal]]. Yon eksplikasyon sosyolojik kapab wè kòm pwodui de yon demach syantifik e/oubyen entèlektyèl, pou nou kapab rann kont, eksplike oubyen konprann yon fenomèn sosyal. Konesans sosyolojik la distenge li de [[sans komen]], ki pèmèt li tou apreyande lavi sosyal, pa [[metodoloji syantifik]]. Sosyoloji a distribye an de gwo oryantasyon prensipal : youn se [[rechèch fondamantal]] ak lòt la se [[rechèch aplike]]. Rechèch fondamantal la gen pou objektif apwofondi konesans teyorik sitou [[pwosesis sosyal]] yo, tandiske rechèch aplike a gen pou objektif enfliyanse [[politik piblik]]. Tou de oryantasyon yo ka anchevetre. Li egziste de (2) tip de metòd an sosyoloji : [[metòd kalitativ]] ak [[metòd kantitativ]] ; yo ka tou konplamantè. Sosyoloji a ofri twa (3) nivo pou analiz la : [[mikwososyoloji]], [[makwososyoloji]] ak nivo tout [[òganizasyon sosyal]], debann [[rezo sosyal]] e pou [[Estrikti e ajans|ajantivite]] (mezososyoloji). [[Rechèch an syans sosyal|rechèch sosyolojik]] enfòme [[politisyen]] yo e otorite piblik yo, [[Edikasyon|edikatè]], [[travay sosyal|travayè sosyal]] yo, [[Pouvwa lejislatif|lejislatè]], e pou anpil lòt [[òganis]] e desidè konsa ke tout sa ki entèrese pa rezolisyon [[pwoblèm sosyal]] yo. Ki pou anpil [[sosyològ]] se yo jodi a ki anplwaye pa debann enstitisyon piblik, debann kolektivite teritoryal oubyen debann antrepriz prive pou fin ekspètize oubyen ke [[Konsiltan|konsiltans]]. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Sosyoloji]] rp7aaqqe7obif1d3getmsbr0u70otx6 0 13203 867979 867565 2025-06-01T05:17:23Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non= Dominique Batraville |foto= |tèks= Dominique Batraville |fonksyon=aktè, ekriven |domèn=sinema, literati |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans= [[20 fevriye]] [[1962]] |lye nesans= [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] |peyi nesans= [[Ayiti]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite= Ayisyen |zèv= |nòt= }} '''Frantz Dominique Batraville''', rele '''Dominique Batraville''', ki fèt [[20 fevriye]] [[1962]] nan [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] ([[Ayiti]]), se yon [[ekriven]] ak [[aktè]] [[Ayiti|ayisyen]]. Li ekri woman ak pwezi nan [[kreyòl ayisyen]] ak nan [[lang franse]]. == Biyografi == *Dat enpòtan yo == Zèv li yo == === Tankou ekriven === * [[2004]] : ''L’Ouverture'', Ivry-sur-Seine, [[Frans]], edisyon A3, 39 paj {{ISBN|2-84436-119-6}} * [[2008]] : ''Pòtre van sèvolan'', [[Pòtoprens]], Ayiti, edisyon Près nasyonal d'Ayiti, koleksyon « Souf nouvo », 57 paj {{ISBN|978-99935-91-02-3}} * [[2012]] : ''L’Archipel des hommes sans os'', [[Pari]], edisyon Riveneuve, 103 paj {{ISBN|978-2-36013-073-3}}<ref>{{cite web | title = « L’Archipel des hommes sans os » de Dominique Batraville | url = http://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/nouvelles/culture/l_archipel_des_hommes_sans_os_de_dominique_batraville.html | website = Radio Television Caraibes | date = 28 desanm 2011 | access-date = 3 avril 2014 | archive-date = 2014-04-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140407070414/http://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/nouvelles/culture/l_archipel_des_hommes_sans_os_de_dominique_batraville.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref> * [[2014]] : ''L’Ange de charbon'', [[Pari]], edisyon Zulma, 174 paj {{ISBN|978-2-84304-693-3}} * 2014 : ''Kodvokal'', [[Jakmèl]], Ayiti, [[edisyon Pulùcia]], koleksyon Émile Célestin Mégie, 120 paj {{ISBN|978-99970-4-304-7}} === Tankou aktè === * 1998 : ''Rois des routes'' de [[Elsie Haas]] (dokimantè) * [[2002]] : ''[[Royal Bonbon]]'' de [[Charles Najman]] (fim) : Wa Chacha * 2003 : ''[[Rara]]'' de Guillaume Pradère-Niquet * 2003 : ''Toussaint Louverture par devoir de mémoire'' * 2004 : ''L’Évangile du Cochon créole'' de [[Michelange Quay]] (kout fim) * 2004 : ''Haïti, la fin des chimères'' de [[Charles Najman]] (fim) * 2004 : ''Toussaint Louverture, Haïti et la France'' de [[Laurent Lutaud]] (dokimantè) * 2004 : ''La triste fin de Blaise St Christophe'' de [[Marc Barratet]] Apsita Bertholet (kout fim) * 2004 : ''La boîte noire d’Haïti'' d’[[Alain Daniel]] (seri kout fim reyalize ann Ayiti de 1998 a 2003; fim eksperimantasyon nan kad Bisantenè Ayiti) * 2005 : ''La danse des pieds'' de [[Dominique Batraville]] ak [[Kendy Vérilus]] (kout fim), enspire ''Bon Nouvèl'' de [[James Noël]] (Haïti, * 2011 : ''Élégie de Port-au-Prince'' de [[Aïda Maigre-Touchet]] (kout fim) * 2018 : ''Les Flâneries du voyant'' de [[Aïda Maigre-Touchet]]. (dokimantè) == Fim anlè Dominique Batraville == * 2011 : ''Élégie de Port-au-Prince. Bal(l)ade du poète Dominique Batraville dans les ruines de la capitale haïtienne'', d’Aïda Maigre-Touchet == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1212477/ Dominique Batraville] sou IMDb * [http://ile-en-ile.org/batraville/ Dominique Batraville] sou ile.en.ile {{DEFAULTSORT:Batraville, Dominique}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Literati]] [[Kategori:Ekriven]] [[Kategori:Ekriven ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Literati kreyòl ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1962]] a29oai2jtsanblqk5926eok9nczykhv 0 16036 867967 707701 2025-06-01T05:00:34Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|0|0 */ 867967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} {{moun |non= Azouz Begag |foto= MoDem regional elections 2010-01-24 n19.jpg |tèks= |dat nesans= 5 fevriye 1957 |lye nesans= [[Lyon (vil)|Lyon]] |peyi nesans= [[Frans]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite= franse |zèv= |nòt= }} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' se yon ekriven e [[politisyen]] franse. == Byografi == *Dat enpòtan yo == Zèv li yo == * [[2012]] : ''[[Salam Ouessant (woman)|Salam Ouessant]]'', edisyon Albin Michel * 2009 : ''[[Dites-moi bonjour]], edisyon Fayard * 2008 : ''La Guerre des moutons'', Fayard * 2007 : ''[[Un mouton dans la baignoire]]'', Fayard * 2004 : ''Le Marteau pique-cœur'', edisyon Seuil * 2001 : ''Ahmed de Bourgogne'', (avèk Ahmed Beneddif), Seuil * 2001 : ''Un train pour chez nous'', Magnier * 2000 : ''Le Passeport'', Seuil * [[1998]] : ''Tranches de vie'', Stuttgart, Klett Verlag * [[1997]] : ''Dis Oualla'', edisyon Fayard, Collection ''Libres'' * [[1997]] : ''Zenzela'', edisyon Seuil * [[1995]] : ''Les Chiens aussi'', edisyon Seuil, Collection ''Points Virgule'' * [[1992]] : ''L'Ilet-aux-vents'', edisyon Seuil, Collection ''Points Virgule'' * [[1989]] : ''[[Béni ou le Paradis privé]]'', edisyon Seuil, Collection ''Points Virgule'' * [[1986]] : ''[[Le Gone du Chaâba (woman)|Le Gone du Chaâba]]'', edisyon Seuil, Collection ''Points Virgule'' === Pou jenn === * [[1990]] : ''Les Voleurs d'écriture'', Éditions du Seuil, Collection ''Points'' * [[1991]] : ''La Force du berger'', [[La Joie de lire (editè)|La Joie de lire]], ([[1991]]) * [[1992]] : ''Jordi et le rayon perdu'', [[La Joie de lire (editè)|La Joie de lire]] * [[1993]] : ''Les Tireurs d'étoiles'', Éditions du Seuil, Collection ''Points'' * [[1993]] : ''Le Temps des villages'', [[La Joie de lire (editè)|La Joie de lire]] * [[1993]] : ''Une semaine de vacances à Cap maudit'', Éditions du Seuil, Collection ''Points'' * [[1994]] : ''Mona ou le bateau-livre'', Chardon Bleu * [[1995]] : ''Quand on est mort, c'est pour toute la vie'', Gallimard * [[1996]] : ''Ma maman est devenue une étoile'', [[La Joie de lire (editè)|La Joie de lire]] * [[2002]] : ''Le théorème de Mamadou'', Ill. Jean Claverie, Éditions du Seuil * [[2007]] : ''La leçon de francisse'', Gallimard === Esè ak piblikasyon syantifik === * ''L'Immigré et sa ville'', Presses universitaires de Lyon, ([[1984]]) * ''La banque mondiale et le financement des transports dans les pays en voie de développement'', Al Mayadine - revue universitaire des études juridiques, économiques, économiques et politiques Faculté d'Oujda Maroc, ([[1990]]) * ''Écarts d'identité'', Seuil, ([[1990]]) * « The Beurs, Children of North-African Immigrants in France. The issue of Integration », ''The Journal of Ethnic Studies'', Washington, ([[1990]]) * ''The French-Born Youths Originating in North African Immigration : From Socio-Spacial Relagation to Political Participation'', International Migrations, Belgique, ([[1990]]) * ''North-African Immigrants in France : The Socio-Spacial Representation of "here" and "there"'', Loughborough University of Technology, England, ([[1990]]) * ''La Révolte des lascars contre l'oubli à Vaulx-en-Velin'', [[Les Annales de la recherche urbaine]], ([[1990]]) * ''La Ville des autres. La Famille immigrée et l’espace urbain'', Presses universitaires de Lyon, ([[1991]]) * ''Voyage dans les quartiers chauds'', Les Temps Modernes, ([[1991]]) * ''La pauvreté comme terrain'', Métropolis, ([[1991]]) * ''Rites sacrificiels des jeunes dans les quartiers en difficulté'', [[Les Annales de la recherche urbaine]], ([[1991]]) * ''Entre rouiller et s'arracher, réapprendre à flâner'', [[Les Annales de la recherche urbaine]], ([[1993]]) * ''Quartiers sensibles (en collaboration avec Christian Delorme)'', Seuil, ([[1994]]) * ''Éléments de discrimination positive en France'', revue Esprit libre, ([[1995]]) * ''Place du Pont ou la médina de Lyon'', Autrement, ([[1997]]) * ''Espace et exclusion. Mobilités dans les quartiers périphériques d'Avignon'', L'Harmattan, ([[1998]]) * ''Du bon usage de la distance chez les sauvageons (en collaboration avec Reynald Rossini)'', Seuil, ([[1999]]) * ''Les Dérouilleurs : ces Français de banlieue qui ont réussi'', Mille et une nuits, ([[2002]]) * ''L’Intégration'', Le Cavalier Bleu, ([[2003]]) * ''C’est quand il y en a beaucoup…'', Belin, ([[2011]]) * ''Mémoires au soleil'', Seuil, ([[2017]]) == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == {{DEFAULTSORT:Begag, Azouz}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Literati]] [[Kategori:Ekriven]] [[Kategori:Ekriven franse]] [[Kategori:Politisyen]] [[Kategori:Politisyen franse]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1957]] n23zg71c9qdene0n02kcxzng8gqxklh 0 16349 867963 842839 2025-06-01T04:56:17Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non= Mariama Ba |foto= |tèks= |dat nesans=[[17 avril]] [[1929]] |lye nesans= [[Dakar]] |peyi nesans= [[Senegal]] |dat lanmò= [[17 out]] [[1981]] |lye lanmò= [[Dakar]] |peyi lanmò= [[Senegal]] |nasyonalite= Senegalè |zèv= |nòt= }} '''Mariama Bâ''', se ekrivèn, militan politik senegalez ki fèt yon [[17 avril]] [[1929]], nan [[Dakar|Daka]] ([[Senegal]]) epi ki mouri nan dat 17 dawou [[1981]] nan vil [[Dakar|natal li, nan peyi Senegal.]] soti nan lane 1979 pou rive lane 1981, Mariama Ba pibliye divès zèv literè tankou : Une si longue lettre (Woman, 1979) ; La fonction politique des littérature africaines (1981) ; Le chant écarlate (Woman, 1981). yon fanm ekriven senegalèz. Mariama Bâ se youn nan gran pyonye literati senegalèz la. Li soti nan yon fanmi Mizilman, sa te vin devlope lakay li yon sans kritik kote li t ap kesyone rapò fanm ak gason nan sosyete senegal la. Dwa pou fanm ak gason egal ego, se prensipal aspè Mariama trete nan woman l yo. An menm tan, mitan politik senegalèz te preyokipe sou transfòmasyon sosyete kote t ap viv la, nan gade == Biyografi == *Dat enpòtan yo == Zèv li yo == * 1979 ː ''Une si longue lettre'' (woman), [[Abidjan]], Nouvelles éditions africaines, {{ISBN|2-7236-0430-6}} ; redisyon, [[Pari]], Le Serpent à plumes, koleksyon Motif n° 137, 2001, {{ISBN|2-84261-289-2}} * 1981 ː ''La Fonction politique des littératures africaines écres'' * 1981 ː ''Le Chant écarlate'' (woman), Abidjan, Nouvelles éditions africaines, {{ISBN|2-7236-0826-3}} == Gade tou == * [[Lis ekriven senegalè]] == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * (fr) [http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/BaMariama.html Biyografi Mariama Bâ] * (en) [https://web.archive.org/web/20111118152702/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/mba.htm Mariama Bâ (1929-1981)] {{DEFAULTSORT:Ba, Mariama}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Literati]] [[Kategori:Ekriven]] [[Kategori:Fanm ekriven]] [[kategori:Ekriven afriken]] [[Kategori:Ekriven senegalè]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1929]] [[kategori:lanmò 1981]] deiy7oqwtmxpq0rsr4onewfpw46wrdz 867964 867963 2025-06-01T04:57:39Z Diego Agado 34785 867964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non= Mariama Ba |foto= |tèks= |dat nesans=[[17 avril]] [[1929]] |lye nesans= [[Dakar]] |peyi nesans= [[Senegal]] |dat lanmò= [[17 out]] [[1981]] |lye lanmò= [[Dakar]] |peyi lanmò= [[Senegal]] |nasyonalite= Senegalè |zèv= |nòt= }} '''Mariama Bâ''', se ekrivèn, militan politik senegalez ki fèt yon [[17 avril]] [[1929]], nan [[Dakar|Daka]] ([[Senegal]]) epi ki mouri nan dat 17 dawou [[1981]] nan vil [[Dakar|natal li, nan peyi Senegal.]] soti nan lane 1979 pou rive lane 1981, Mariama Ba pibliye divès zèv literè tankou : Une si longue lettre (Woman, 1979) ; La fonction politique des littérature africaines (1981) ; Le chant écarlate (Woman, 1981). yon fanm ekriven senegalèz. Mariama Bâ se youn nan gran pyonye literati senegalèz la. Li soti nan yon fanmi Mizilman, sa te vin devlope lakay li yon sans kritik kote li t ap kesyone rapò fanm ak gason nan sosyete senegal la. Dwa pou fanm ak gason egal ego, se prensipal aspè Mariama trete nan woman l yo. An menm tan, mitan politik senegalèz te preyokipe sou transfòmasyon sosyete kote t ap viv la, nan gade == Biyografi == *Dat enpòtan yo == Zèv li yo == * 1979 ː ''Une si longue lettre'' (woman), [[Abidjan]], Nouvelles éditions africaines, {{ISBN|2-7236-0430-6}} ; redisyon, [[Pari]], Le Serpent à plumes, koleksyon Motif n° 137, 2001, {{ISBN|2-84261-289-2}} * 1981 ː ''La Fonction politique des littératures africaines écres'' * 1981 ː ''Le Chant écarlate'' (woman), Abidjan, Nouvelles éditions africaines, {{ISBN|2-7236-0826-3}} == Gade tou == * [[Lis ekriven senegalè]] == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * (fr) [http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/BaMariama.html Biyografi Mariama Bâ] * (en) [https://web.archive.org/web/20111118152702/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/mba.htm Mariama Bâ (1929-1981)] {{DEFAULTSORT:Ba, Mariama}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Literati]] [[Kategori:Ekriven]] [[Kategori:Fanm ekriven]] [[kategori:Ekriven afriken]] [[Kategori:Ekriven senegalè]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1929]] [[kategori:lanmò 1981]] abu0bheu8jercpmkxrvxl0u5jx4wniu 0 16372 867993 842749 2025-06-01T15:59:46Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 867993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non= Martha Jean-Claude |foto= |tèks= Martha Jean-Claude |fonksyon=ekriven, militant, chantèz ak konpozitris,aktris. |domèn=literati, mizik |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans= [[21 mas]] [[1919]] |lye nesans= [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] |peyi nesans=[[Ayiti]] |dat lanmò= [[14 novanm]] [[2001]] |lye lanmò= [[La Avàn]] |peyi lanmò= [[Kiba]] |nasyonalite= ayisyen |zèv= |nòt= }} '''Martha Jean-Claude''', ki fèt [[21 mas]] [[1919]] nan [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] ([[Ayiti]]) epi ki mouri [[14 novanm]] [[2001]] nan [[La Avàn]] ([[Kiba]]), se yon fanm ekriven, militant sou dwa sivik chantèz ak konpozitris [[Ayiti|ayisyèn]].li te yon aktris tou,angaje politikmam te fèl al nan prizon sou pezidan Paul Eugène Magloire sa te rann li kite peyi a pou'l tal pran refij li kiba bò kote mari li kiba ki se yon jounalis kiben(Victor Mirabal). li te tou relanse karyè mizik li,li te anrejistre premye albòm li Canciones de Haïti(chante ayiti) li te rive kolabore ak kèk gran atis pou epòk li, tankou celia cruz , Nat king Cole. Li mouri aprè plis ke 50 lane karyè. == Biyografi == Li ekri liv konsène [[Ayiti]] oubyen [[kreyòl ayisyen]] oubyen nan [[Karayib]] an. Li kòmanse chante nan koral la nan katedral la Pòtoprens. Li aprann chante vodou ak repètwa kreyòl la. Nan lane 1942 li chante nan dyo ak chantèz a Emérante de Pradines. Pita li vin chantè ki pi popilè nan peyi a. An 1956, rejim Kolonèl [[Paul Eugène Magloire|Magloire]] a vle mete nan prizon mari li, yon militan kominis, paske li te bati lojman sosyal san otorizasyon. Li chape al Kiba. Li rejwenn mari li aprè senk (5) mwa nan prizon. Nan Kiba li anrejistre premye albòm li epi li vin zanmi avèk Celia Cruz. Lè Fidel Castro vini sou pouvwa a nan Kiba, Martha Jean-Claude vin anbasadris pou rezistans ayisyèn an. Li se yon modèl pou plizyè jenerasyon chantèz ayisyèn tankou [[Toto Bissainthe]] ak [[Emeline Michel]]. Nan lane 1991, senk (5) ane aprè fen pouvwa Duvalier, yon festival te òganize avèk jèn mizisyen nan mouvman an "[[mizik rasin]]" nan [[estad Sylvio Cator]] nan Pòtoprens pou li retounen aprè trant-senk (35) ane. Nan lane 1995 li chante nan estad sa a avèk Celia Cruz ak Emérante de Pradines. Li mouri nan lopital nan Kiba.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://next.liberation.fr/culture/2001/12/04/martha-jean-claude-connaissait-la-misik_386043 |title=Martha Jean-Claude connaissait la «misik» |website=liberation.fr |date=4 desanm 2001 |access-date=12 oktòb 2019 |archive-date=2019-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012095834/https://next.liberation.fr/culture/2001/12/04/martha-jean-claude-connaissait-la-misik_386043 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Zèv li yo == * 1958 : ''Canciones de Haiti'' == Gade tou == * [[Emerante Morse]] * [[Èzili]] == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220311012333/https://issuu.com/milenasandler/docs/grandes_dames Grandes dames de la musique haïtienne] sou issuu.com {{DEFAULTSORT:Jean-Claude, Martha}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Mizik]] [[Kategori:Chantè]] [[Kategori:Chantè ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Literati]] [[Kategori:Ekriven]] [[Kategori:Ekriven ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1919]] [[Kategori:Lanmò 2001]] o5nmbtd6fmenn8aisttobc588mgbq6z 0 16730 867991 823578 2025-06-01T15:50:10Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 867991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Lumane Casimir |foto= |tèks= Lumane Casimir |fonksyon=mizisyen, chantè |domèn=mizik |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans= [[1914]] |lye nesans= <nowiki>[[Plezans (komin)|Plezans]</nowiki> |peyi nesans=[[Ayiti]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite= ayisyen |zèv= |nòt= |gwoup= |mizik= [[konpa]] |enstriman=[[vwa]], [[gita]] }} '''Lumane Casimir''' fèt [[Plezans (komin)|Plezans]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lenouvelliste.com/article/127962/pour-celebrer-le-centenaire-de-naissance-de-lumane-casimir|title=Pour célébrer le centenaire de naissance de Lumane Casimir . Le Nouvelliste|language=en|access-date=2023-07-07}}</ref> an [[1914]]. Se te yon [[mizisyen]] spesyalize nan chan ak gita. == Biyografi == Lumane Casimir te leve [[Gonayiv (komin)|Gonayiv]] epi a 14 an li desann [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]]. Li kòmanse konpoze mizik li yo depi nan adolesans, epi li chante ak plizyè gwoup mizik popilè kou wè [[The Legba Choir|The Legba Choir,]][[Troupe folkorique nationale]] epi [[Jazz Des Jeunes]]. Li vin gen rekonsans piblik kòm atis sòti ane 1945 konsa. Karyè li fè li vwayaje [[Kiba]], [[Panama (peyi)|Panama]], [[Etazini]] ak twoup dans ak lòt atis. Li te premye fanm gitaris nan listwa mizik ayisyen. Li akonpaye [[Celia Cruz]] ak pòtoriken [[Daniel Santos]]. Repetwa li ki te plis make piblik la se te mizik tradisyonèl kou wè « Papa Gede Bèl Gason », « Panama M Tonbe ». Yo te ba li tit « Larèn mereng » epi "Enperatris mizik ayisyen". An 1951, Lumane Casimir vin pèdi popilarite epi li kòmanse viv sitiyasyon ekonomik difisil. Li mouri an 1955. Li te gen 35 lane.<ref>{{fr}} {{cite web |url=http://hougansydney.com/lumane-casimir.php |title=Lumane Casimir |author= Emeline Michel |publisher=Hougansydney.com |website=hougansydney.com |date= |access-date=10 mas 2022}}</ref> == Zèv li yo == * ''Panama tombe'', « Volonté » album Spécial Souvenir albòm int,Lumane Casimir 1949<ref>{{fr}} {{cite web |url=https://www.haitiinter.com/la-legende-de-lumane-casimir/ |title=La légende de Lumane Casimir |author=Tcheïta Vital |publisher= |website=haitiinter.com |date= |access-date=11 mas 2022}}</ref> * ''Tambou frappé'', Dodof Legros 1950 * ''Caroline Cao'', Lumane Casimir * ''Cout sel'', Super Jazz des jeunes, albòm Fleur de Mai, 1969 * ''Yoyo'', Diane Adrian albòm Carribean nights, 1955 * ''Profonds regrets'', Super Jazz des jeunes, albòm fleur de mai, 1969 * ''Caroline Acao'', Issa El Saieh, albòm La belle époque, 2007 * ''Icit en Haiti'', Lumane Casimir * ''Solo Ti Roro'', Roots of Haiti, vol 6, albòm The best of Ti Roro * ''Guede bel gaçon'', « Volonté » == Bibliyografi == * [[Evelyne Trouillot]], ''La fille à la guitare/Yon fi, yon gita, yon vwa'', Les cahiers de l’Atelier Jeudi Soir, 2014 == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://sakapfetokap.org/2020/08/20/lumane-casimir/ Lumane Casimir] sou sakapfetokap.org * [https://www.haiticulture.ch/Lumane_Casimir.html Lumane Casimir] sou haiticulture.ch * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220311012333/https://issuu.com/milenasandler/docs/grandes_dames Grandes dames de la musique haïtienne] sou issuu.com {{DEFAULTSORT:Casimir, Lumane}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Mizik]] [[Kategori:Mizisyen]] [[Kategori:Chantè]] [[Kategori:Chantè ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1914]] lvwtc4g4oel88cwqslo5maiimlesf6u 0 18168 867971 811820 2025-06-01T05:04:42Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Raymond Joseph |foto= |tèks=Raymond Joseph |dat nesans= [[31 out]] [[1931]] |lye nesans= San Pedro de Macorís |peyi nesans=[[Repiblik dominikèn]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite=ayisyen |zèv=penti, la |nòt= }} '''Raymond Alcide Joseph''', ki fèt [[31 out]] [[1931]] nan San Pedro de Macorís ([[Repiblik dominikèn]]), se yon [[diplomat]], jounalis, [[politisyen]] ak otè [[Ayiti|ayisyen]]. == Biyografi == Li te anbasadè ayisyen nan [[Etazini]] ant 2005 ak 2010. Li demisyone pou yo konsidere li pou kandidati in the [[Eleksyon jeneral nan Ayiti an 2010–2011]]. Li se fondatè pi gwo jounal ayisyen an ''[[Haïti Observateur]]'', baze nan [[Bwouklin]], [[Nou Yòk]], ki distribye non sèlman pou dyaspora ayisyen an men ann Ayiti tou. Li te tristman kouri yon operasyon enfòmatè nan sous ki antoure nan ak soti nan palè prezidansyèl la ann Ayiti pandan peryòd [[Dinasti Duvalier]], ki koule enfòmasyon pou li rapòte, tout pandan li ap evite yon tantativ sou lavi li. === Anfans ak jenès === Joseph fèt 31 out 1931 nan [[San Pedro de Macorís]],<ref>{{cite web | url= http://enlacecongreso.mirex.gov.do/ecc/Lists/Artculos/Attachments/17/Rebuilding%20Haiti.pdf | title= Rebuilding Haiti | author= Wojewodzki, Stan H. | accessdate= 30 desanm 2014 | archive-date= 2016-03-04 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033250/http://enlacecongreso.mirex.gov.do/ecc/Lists/Artculos/Attachments/17/Rebuilding%20Haiti.pdf | dead-url= yes }}</ref> ([[Repiblik Dominikèn]] ak te viv nan yon [[batey]] (yon vil travayè sik),<ref>{{cite web |people=Joseph Raymond|year=2014 |title=The Sugar Babies |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBKEt_LFm78 |accessdate=30 December 2014 |location=USA |publisher=Human Rights Foundation (HRF)}}</ref>. Fanmi li te orijinè [[Okay]], ([[Ayiti]]). Li se tou yon dezyèm kouzen chantè a ak rapè [[Wyclef Jean]] bò kote manman li.<ref>{{cite book| last= Joseph| first= Raymond A. |year= 2014| title= For Whom the Dogs Spy: Haiti: From the Duvalier Dictatorships to the Earthquake, Four Presidents, and Beyond| place= New York| publisher= Arcade Publishing| isbn= }}</ref> Raymond Joseph te pase premye ane li yo antoure pa misyonè kretyen. Nan nesans, Jozèf te refize sitwayènte dominikèn apre plizyè tantativ. Aprè jenosid plis pase 10.000 Ayisyen nan fwontyè a akòz [[Masak ayisyen an nan 1937|Masak Pèsi]] diktatè [[Rafael Trujillo]] enpoze a, papa li te deplase li menm ak frè li tounen an Ayiti, kote yo te akeri sitwayènte ayisyen an.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://sites.duke.edu/sugardocumentaries/citizenship/ | title = Visions of Haiti: Documentaries of the Dominicans Sugar Industry | publisher = Duke University | accessdate = 30 desanm 2014 | archive-date = 2018-10-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181024192031/https://sites.duke.edu/sugardocumentaries/citizenship/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Nan laj 10 ane, anplis de sa nan panyòl, li te pale natif natal li [[kreyòl ayisyen]], [[lang franse|franse]], ak [[lang angle|angle]]. Nan lane 1954, li te sèvi kòm volontè kòm entèprèt pou yon predikatè Batis, ki te ede Jozèf vini Ozetazini. Jozèf enskri nan [[Moody Bible Institute]] nan [[Chikago]], [[Ilinowa]], an 1954. Jozèf te rete nan Chikago epi pita li te resevwa yon diplòm BA nan Antwopoloji soti nan ki toupre [[Wheaton College (Illinois)|Wheaton College]]. Pandan tan li te nan Chikago, Jozèf te vin pale ebre ak grèk. Yon devwe [[Kristyanis|kretyen]], apre gradyasyon li retounen an Ayiti e li kreye premyè tradiksyon an [[Nouvo Testaman]] ak Sòm nan [[kreyòl ayisyen]]. An 1957, diktatè a [[François Duvalier]] te eli Prezidan an Ayiti, epi Jozèf te vin de mwens zan mwens alèz avèk gouvènman an. Joseph te retounen Ozetazini an 1961 e li te enskri nan [[Inivèsite Chikago]] kote li te resevwa yon diplòm (MA) nan [[Antwopoloji Sosyal]] an 1964. === Karyè === Jozèf te ale [[Nouyòk]] epi li te vin yon lidè nan mouvman opozisyon kont rejim Duvalier a. Ansanm ak frè li, Jozèf te fonde jounal ''[[Haïti Observateur]]'' an 1971 ki te vin enfliyan e lajman sikile nan dyaspora ayisyen an. Jozèf answit te travay kòm yon repòtè nan ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' ak yon kronikè nan jounal ''[[New York Sun]]''.<ref name=Tablet012010>{{cite news |first= Seth |last=Lipsky |url=http://www.tabletmag.com/news-and-politics/23944/a-haitian-tale/ |title=A Haitian Tale |work=Tablet Magazine|date= 20 janvye 2010 |accessdate=2 fevriye 2011}}</ref> Jozèf te vire atansyon li sou rejim Duvalier ki gen otorite k ap kontinye an Ayiti e li te konstwi yon rezo enfòmatè andedan palè prezidansyèl [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] lan. Lè sa a, li ta emèt intel li yo soti nan Brooklyn ak nan onn kout an Ayiti ki te vin li te ye ''Radio Vonvon '', nan ki asosye anti-kominis soti nan [[Kalifòni]] ak [[Ronald Reagan]] te jwe yon wòl nan fòmasyon li. Nan yon tantativ pou dekouvri fwit yo andedan palè a, François Duvalier te asasinen 19 manm gad li yo epi li te voye yon asasen nan Nouyòk pou jete Joseph. Sepandan pandan yon vòl nan Nouyòk, youn nan sous Jozèf yo te sou avyon an menm ak jere yo pwent li la. Atann arive asasen an, li te fè yon apèl telefòn nan moun ki ta dwe asasine li , pwopoze yon reyinyon ak te fini gen kafe ansanm, sa ki evite asasina.<ref name="Post070115">{{en}} {{cite news|url= https://nypost.com/2015/01/07/lessons-in-liberty-from-a-great-haitian-journalist/amp/ |title=Lessons in liberty from a great Haitian journalist |last= Lipsky| first= Seth |date=7 janvye 2015 |work= New York Post|accessdate=19 jiyè 2017}}</ref> Lè rejim [[Jean-Claude Duvalier|pitit gason an]] François Duvalier a finalman tonbe an 1986. An 1990, Joseph te nonmen [[chaje zafè]] nan Gouvènman ayisyen an nan [[Wachintòn]] ak reprezantan Gouvènman ayisyen an nan [[Òganizasyon Eta Ameriken]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.washdiplomat.com/October-05/a5_10_05.html |last=Luxner|first=Larry|title=Haiti Sees Glimmer of Hope Amid Despair |website= The Washington Diplomat |date=5 oktòb 2005 |accessdate=13 janvye 2010|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100119043630/http://www.washdiplomat.com/October-05/a5_10_05.html |archivedate=19 janvye 2010}}</ref> Nan wòl sa a, Jozèf te òganize obsèvatè eleksyon nan kominote entènasyonal la pou patisipe nan [[Eleksyon jeneral nan Ayiti an 1990–1991]]. An 1991 Joseph li retounen nan jounal ''Haïti Observateur'' kote li te rete jouk 2004, lè li te nonmen ankò Chaje zafè nan Wachintòn. An 2005 prezidan [[Boniface Alexandre]] chwazi Joseph tankou Anbasadè Ayiti Ozetazini. Nan konsekans lan nan [[Tranblemanntè 12 janvye 2010 nan peyi Ayiti]], Joseph te jwe yon wòl aktif nan mobilize repons kominote entènasyonal la ann Ayiti.<ref name= CSMonitor072710>{{cite news |first=Stephen |last=Kurczy |url= http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/2010/0727/Wyclef-Jean-s-uncle-to-run-for-president-of-Haiti |title=Wyclef Jean's uncle to run for president of Haiti |work= Christian Science Monitor |date=27 jiyè 2010|accessdate=3 fevriye 2011}}</ref> === Kandidati prezidansyèl === Sou 27 jiyè 2010, Jozèf konfime entansyon li pou li kandida pou Prezidan Ayiti nan eleksyon 28 novanm 2010 la. Li te demisyone anbasadè a nan dat 1e out 2010 epi li te deplase nan [[Pòtoprens (komin|Pòtoprens]]. Konsèy Elektoral Pwovizwa Ayiti a te ranvwaye Jozèf nan kous prezidansyèl ayisyen an.<ref name=CSMonitor> {{en}} {{cite news |first=Raymond |last=Joseph |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2010/0909/Haiti-presidential-election-justice-on-the-line |title=Haiti presidential election: justice on the line |work=[[Christian Science Monitor]] |date=9 septanm 2009 |accessdate=2 fevriye 2011 }}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=Time082110>{{en}} {{cite news |first=Tim |last=Padgett |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2012369,00.html |title=Wyclef Dumped From Haiti's Presidential Ballot |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=21 out 2010 |accessdate=2 fevriye 2011 |archive-date=2012-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216122318/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2012369,00.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Zèv li yo == * ''[[For Whom the Dogs Spy]]'', liv ki detaye rejim Duvalier a jiska tranbleman tè Ayiti an 2010 la. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == {{DEFAULTSORT:Joseph, Raymond Alcide}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Politik]] [[Kategori:Politisyen]] [[Kategori:Politisyen ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1931]] crp1e4nih9h9gm7ikxk3z54gtopw9pe 0 18249 867917 809727 2025-05-31T07:59:49Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Franck Louissaint |foto= |tèks=Franck Louissaint |dat nesans= [[22 oktòb]] [[1949]] |lye nesans= [[Aken (komin)|Aken]] |peyi nesans=[[Ayiti]] |dat lanmò= [[5 fevriye]] [[2021]] |lye lanmò= [[Petyonvil (komin)|Petyonvil]] |peyi lanmò= [[Ayiti]] |nasyonalite=ayisyen |zèv= |nòt= }} '''Franck Louissant''', rele '''Franck Louissaint''', ki fèt [[22 oktòb]] [[1949]] nan [[Aken (komin)|Aken]] ([[Ayiti]]) epi ki mouri [[5 fevriye]] [[2021]] nan [[Petyonvil (komin)|Petyonvil]] ([[Ayiti]]), se yon [[atis]], yon [[pent]] [[Ayiti|ayisyen]]. == Biyografi == Aprè etid segondè li nan Lise [[Anténor Firmin]] nan [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]], Franck Louissaint etidye desen pa korespondans epi nan Centre d’art de Port-au-Prince (Sant da Pòtoprens) (depi 1969), kote li aprann desen an, konpozisyon ak itilizasyon koulè. Apati ane 1980 yo, Louissaint anseye nan Sant da, answit nan École Nationale des Arts (Lekòl nasyonal Da) (ENARTS). Depi 1983 li te youn nan pi ansyen pwofesè. Li anseye tou nan GOC (Fakilte jeni ak achitekti). == Zèv li yo == Franck Louissaint se otè yon zèv avèk yon gwo kowerans. Depi nan kòmansman an , li adopte yon jan figiratif ak yon ikonografi prensipalman soti nan sèn lavi chak jou ann Ayiti, nan vil ak nan kanpay. Trè pre ipèreyalis, Louissaint mete nan zèv li yo yon jan net ak jis, san yo pa folkloris oswa mizerabilis. Tretman an trè modere nan [[koulè]] ak limyè bay konpozisyon li yon [[Atmosfè Latè|atmosfè]] ki, nan kèk fason, rapele yon memwa byen lwen nan 17yèm syèk enteryè [[Peyiba|olandè]] ak pent lavi toujou. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210206121143/https://www.lecentredart.org/portail-de-lart-haitien/les-artistes/louissaint-franck/ Le Centre d’art – Louissaint Franck] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210421211538/http://www.hpnhaiti.com/nouvelles/index.php/art/8911-haiti-culture-deces-vendredi-du-celebre-peintre-restaurateur-franck-louissaint-a-l-age-de-71-ans Yves Paul Léandre, « Haïti-Culture : Décès vendredi, du célèbre peintre restaurateur Franck Louissaint, à l’âge de 71 ans », 6 février 2021] {{DEFAULTSORT:Louissaint, Franck}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:La]] [[Kategori:Penti]] [[Kategori:Atis ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Pent ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1949]] [[Kategori:Lanmò 2021]] h88v6tniurd6lu8pjk6gnsmywxemvru 0 18698 867998 845113 2025-06-01T16:27:47Z HalikhSovar78 35705 /* Plural of nouns */Siprime paragraf initil 867998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{eboch}} '''Haitian Creole language''' ('''''kreyòl ayisyen'''''), often called simply '''Creole''', is a language spoken in [[Haiti]] by about 8.5 million people ([[as of 2005]]), which is nearly the entire population, and via [[emigration]], about 3.5 million speakers who live in other countries, including [[Canada]], the [[United States]], [[France]], and many [[Caribbean]] nations, especially the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Cuba]], and the [[Bahamas]]. Haitian Creole is one of Haiti's two official languages, along with [[French language|French]]. It is a [[Creole language|creole]] based primarily on French, but it also contains various influences, notably the native [[Taíno]], some [[West Africa]]n and Central African languages, [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. The language has two distinct [[dialect]]s: ''[[Fablas Haïtian Creole language|Fablas]]'' and ''[[Plateau Haitian Creole language|Plateau]]''. Guyane, Martinique, Guadeloupe as well as Saint Lucia and Dominica, also speak Creole, with some local variations. Haitian creole tends to move away from original creole under the influence of English introduced by Haitian working in USA. In part because of the efforts of [[Félix Morisseau-Leroy]], since [[1961]] Haitian Creole has been recognized as an official language along with French, which had been the sole literary language of the country since its independence in 1804, and this status was upheld under the country's constitution of 1987. Its usage in literature is small but increasing, with Morisseau being one of the first and most significant examples. Many speakers are trilingual, speaking Haitian Creole, Spanish, and French. Many educators, writers and activists have emphasized pride and written [[literacy]] in Creole since the 1980s. Today there are numerous [[newspaper]]s, as well as [[radio]] and [[i]] programs, in Creole. ==Usage outside of Haiti== Haitian Creole is used widely among Haitians who have relocated to other countries, particularly the [[United States]] and [[Canada]]. Some of the larger population centers include [[Montréal]], [[Québec]], where French is the official language, and parts of [[New York City]], [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], [[Central Florida|Central]] and [[South Florida metropolitan area|South Florida]] ([[Miami, Florida|Miami]], [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]], and [[Palm Beach County, Florida|Palm Beach]]). Various public service announcements, school-parent communications, and other materials are produced in this language by government agencies. [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Miami-Dade County]] in [[Florida]] sends out paper communications in Haitian Creole in addition to [[English language|English]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. Announcements are posted in the [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority|Boston subway system]] and area hospitals and medical offices in this language. [[HTN]], a Miami-based television channel, is North America's only Creole-language television network. The Miami area also features over half a dozen Creole-language [[AM radio]] stations. There is some controversy as to whether or not Creole should be taught in [[Miami-Dade County Public Schools]]. Many argue Creole is a peasant language which is not important, while others argue it is important for children to know their parents' native tongue. Haitian Creole language and culture is taught in many Colleges in the United States as well as in the Bahamas. Indiana University has a Creole Institute [http://www.indiana.edu/~creole/] founded by Dr. [[Albert Valdman]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120823065202/http://mypage.iu.edu/%7Eavaldman/] where Haitian Creole, among other facets of Haiti, are studied and researched; the University of Kansas, Lawrence has an Institute of Haitian studies, founded by [[Bryant Freeman|Dr. Bryant Freeman]]. Additionally, the University of Massachusetts-Boston and University of Florida offer seminars and courses every year under their Haitian Creole Summer Institute. More universities such as Brown University, Columbia University, and University of Miami offered numerous classes in Haitian Creole. In the Americas, Haitian Creole is the second most spoken language in [[Cuba]], where over 300,000 Haitian immigrants speak it. It is recognized as a language in Cuba and a moderate number of [[mestizo]] and [[mulatto]] Cubans speak it fluently. Surprisingly enough, most of these speakers have never been to Haiti and do not possess Haitian ancestry, but merely learned it in the communities they lived in. In addition, there is a Haitian Creole radio station operating in [[Havana]]<ref>[http://www.afrocubaweb.com/haiticuba.htm Haiti in Cuba]</ref> The language is also spoken by over 150,000 Haitians (although estimates believe that there are over a million speakers due to a huge population of illegal aliens from Haiti<ref>[http://dr1.com/news/2005/dnews081605.shtml#13 Dr1.com: Illegal Haitians deported]</ref>) who reside in the neighboring [[Dominican Republic]]<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=DO Languages of Dominican Republic]</ref> ==Sounds and spellings== Haitian Creole has ten [[vowel]]s as opposed to standard French's twelve. This is primarily due to the loss of front rounded vowels. In Creole, these French phonemes are usually merged with their unrounded counterpart. Hence, {{IPA|/y/}} becomes {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/ø/}} becomes {{IPA|/e/}}. French's uvular [[rhotic]] either becomes an [[alveolar trill]] {{IPA|/r/}}, or {{IPA|/w/}}, or is elided altogether, depending on the environment. Being formed relatively recently, Haitian Creole [[orthography]] is mostly phonemic, and is similar to the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA). The main differences are ''j'' = {{IPA|/ʒ/}}, ''y'' = {{IPA|/j/}}, ''è'' = {{IPA|/ɛ/}}, ''ou'' = {{IPA|/u/}}. [[Nasalization]] is indicated by a following ''n''.<!--GUESSING. PLEASE FIX AND COMPLETE--> ==Lexicon== Most of the lexicon is derived from French, with significant changes in [[pronunciation]] and [[Morphology (linguistics)|morphology]]. Often, the French [[definite article]] was retained as part of the noun. For example, the French definite article ''la'' in ''la lune'' ("the moon") was incorporated into the Creole noun for moon: ''lalin''. ===Sample=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Creole !IPA !Origin !English |- |''bagay'' |{{IPA|/bagaj/}} |(?)Fr. ''bagage'', "baggage" |"thing" |- |''bannann'' |{{IPA|/bãnãn/}} |Fr. ''banane'', "banana" |"plantain" |- |''bekàn'' |{{IPA|/bekan/}} |Fr. ''bécane'' {{IPA|/bekan/}} |"bicycle" |- |''Bondye'' |{{IPA|/bõdje/}} |Fr. ''Bon Dieu'' {{IPA|/bõdjø/}} |"God! Good Lord!" |- |''dèyè'' |{{IPA|/dɛjɛ/}} |Fr. ''derrière'' {{IPA|/dɛʁjɛʁ/}} |"behind" |- |''diri'' |{{IPA|/diri/}} |Fr. ''du riz'' {{IPA|/dyʁi/}} |"rice" |- |''fig'' |{{IPA|/fig/}} |Fr. ''figue'' |"banana" |- |''la-kay'' |{{IPA|/kaj/}} |(?)Fr. ''cahutte'' {{IPA|/kayt/}} |"house" |- |''kiyèz'', ''tchòk'', ''poban'' |{{IPA|/kijɛz, tʃ&#596;k, pobã/}} |&nbsp; |"[[hog banana]]" (*) |- |''kle'' |{{IPA|/kle/}} |Fr. ''clé'' {{IPA|/kle/}}, "key" |"wrench" or "key" |- |''kle kola'' |{{IPA|/kle kola/}} |Fr. ''clé'' {{IPA|/kle/}}, "key" + Eng. "cola" |"bottle opener" |- |''konnflek'' |{{IPA|/kõnflek/}} |En. "corn flakes" |"breakfast cereal" |- |''kawoutchou'' |{{IPA|/kawutʃu/}} |Fr. ''caoutchouc'', "rubber" |"tire" |- |''lalin'' |{{IPA|/lalin/}} |Fr. ''la lune'' {{IPA|/lalyn/}} |"moon" |- |''makak'' |{{IPA|/makak/}} |Fr. ''macaque'' {{IPA|/makak/}} |"monkey" |- |''makomè'' |{{IPA|/makomɛ/}} |Fr. ''ma co-mère, comère'' &nbsp; |"godmother" (#) |- |''matant'' |{{IPA|/matãt/}} |Fr. ''ma tante'', "my aunt" |"aunt" |- |''moun'' |{{IPA|/mun/}} |Fr. ''monde'' |"people/person" |- |''mwen'' |{{IPA|/mwɛ̃/}} |Fr. ''moi'', "mwen meme" |"me","I","myself" |- |''nimewo'' |{{IPA|/nimewo/}} |Fr. ''numéro'' {{IPA|/nymeʁo/}} |"number" |- |''ozetazini'' |{{IPA|/ozetazini/}} |Fr. ''aux États-Unis'' {{IPA|/ozetazyni/}} |"the United States" |- |''piman'' |{{IPA|/pimã/}} |Fr. ''piment'' |a very hot [[chile pepper|pepper]] |- |''pann'' |{{IPA|/pãn/}} |Fr. pendre |"to hang" |- |''pwa'' |{{IPA|/pwa/}} |Fr. ''pois'' {{IPA|/pwa/}}, "pea" |"bean" |- |''chenèt'' |{{IPA|/ʃenɛt/}} |&nbsp; |"tooth gap" (^) |- |''tonton'' |{{IPA|/tõtõ/}} |fr. oncle |"uncle" |- |''vwazen'' |{{IPA|/vwazɛ̃/}} |Fr. ''voisin'' {{IPA|/vwazɛ̃/}} |"neighbor" |- |''zwazo'' |{{IPA|/zwazo/}} |Fr. ''les oiseaux'' {{IPA|/lezwazo/}} |"birds" |- |''zye'' |{{IPA|/zje/}} |Fr. ''les yeux'' {{IPA|/lezjø/}} |"eyes" |} (*) A banana which is short and fat, not a plantain and not a conventional banana; regionally called "hog banana" or "sugar banana" in English.<br /> (#) The relationship shared between a child's mother and godmother.<br /> (^) The gap between a person's two front teeth. ===Nouns derived from trade marks=== Many [[trade mark]]s have become common nouns in Haitian Creole (as happened in English with "aspirin" and "kleenex", for example). *''kòlgat'' ([[Colgate-Palmolive|Colgate]]) — "toothpaste" *''jilèt'' ([[Global Gillette|Gillette]]) — "razor" *''pampèz'' ([[Pampers]]) — "nappy" or ([[American English|Am]]) "diaper" *''kodak'' ([[Eastman Kodak|Kodak]]) — "camera" *''frejidaire'' ([[Frigidaire]]) - "refrigerator" *''delco'' ([[Delco]]) - "generator" *''igloo'' ([[Igloo]]) - "cooler" *''chiklèt'' ([[Chiclet]]) - "gum" *''cutex'' ([[Cutex]]) - "nail polish" *''asetonee'' ([[Acetone]]) - "nail polish remover" === New words from English=== *''fé back'' to move backwards, ''napkin'' are example of words adopted in Haitian Creole, pushing out original creole words. ===The word ''nèg'' and the word ''blan''=== The term ''nèg'' literally means a dark-skinned man and the word ''blan'' a white person, as in ''Gen yon nèg e gen yon blan.'' ("there is a black man and there is a white man"). However, ''nèg'' is generally used for any man, regardless of skin color (i.e. like "guy" or "dude" in American English). ''Blan'' is generally used for ''foreigner''. It is not used to refer just to white foreigners, but foreigners of other races as well. Etymologically, the word ''nèg'' is derived from the [[French language|French]] "nègre" and is cognate with the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ''negro'' ("black", both the [[black|color]] and the [[Black people|people]]) <!-- , and [[cognate]] with the English "negro". In Haitian Creole, however, ''nèg'' does not have pejorative connotations. --><!-- Not cognate, as "Negro" in English is pronounced in a different than in Spanish, i.e. /niːˈgro/ instead of /neːgro/ --> There are many other Haitian Creole terms for specific tones of skin, such as ''grimo, bren, wòz, mawon,'' etc. However, such labels are considered offensive by some Haïtians, because of their association with color discrimination and the Haitian class system. ==Grammar== Haitian Creole grammar differs greatly from French and inflects much more simply: for example, verbs are not inflected for tense or person, and there is no [[grammatical gender]] — meaning that adjectives and articles are not inflected according to the noun. The primary word order (SVO) is the same as French, but the variations on the verbs and adjectives are minuscule compared to the complex rules employed by French. Many grammatical features, particularly pluralization of nouns and indication of possession, are indicated by appending certain suffixes ([[postposition]]s) like ''yo'' to the main word. There has been a debate going on for some years as what should be used to connect the suffixes to the word: the most popular alternatives are a dash, an apostrophe or a space. It makes matters more complicated when the "suffix" itself is shortened, perhaps making only one letter (such as ''m'' or ''w''). ===Pronouns=== There are six pronouns, one pronoun for each person/number combination. There is no difference between direct and indirect. Some are obviously of French origin, others are not. {| class="wikitable" |- !person/number !Creole !Short form !French !English |- |1/singular |''mwen'' |''m'' |''je'', ''me'', ''moi'' |"I", "me" |- |2/singular |''ou'' (*) |''w'' |''tu'', ''te'', ''vous'' |"you" (sing.) |- |3/singular |''li'' |''l'' |''il'', ''elle'' |"he", "she" |- |1/plural |''nou'' |''n'' |''nous'' |"we", "us" |- |2/plural |''nou'' or ''vou'' (**) |&nbsp; |''vous'' |"you" (pl.) |- |3/plural |''yo'' |''y'' |''ils'', ''elles'', ''eux'' |"they", "them" |} (*)sometimes ''ou'' is written as ''w''- in the sample phrases, ''w'' indicates ''ou''.<br /> (**) depending on the situation. ===Plural of nouns=== {{Babel-N|5=d}} ouns are pluralized by adding ''yo'' at the end. :''liv yo'' - "books" :''machin yo'' - "cars" ===Possession=== Possession is indicated by placing the possessor after the item possessed. This is similar to the French construction of ''chez moi'' or ''chez lui'' which are "my place" and "his place", respectively. :''lajan li'' - "his/her money" :''fanmi mwen'' or ''fanmi m'' - "my family" :''kay yo'' - "their house" or "their houses" :''papa ou'' or ''papa w'' - "your father" :''chat Pyè'' - "Pierre's cat" :''chèz Mari'' - "Marie's chair" :''zanmi papa Jan'' - "Jean's father's frienṘd" :''papa vwazen zanmi nou'' - "our friend's neighbor's father" ===Indefinite article=== The language has an indefinite article ''yon'', roughly corresponding to English "a/an" and French ''un''/''une''. It is derived from the French ''il y a un'', (lit. "there is a/an/one"). It is placed before the noun: :''yon kouto'' - "a knife" :''yon kravat'' - "a necktie" ===Definite article=== There is also a definite article, roughly corresponding to English "the" and French ''le''/''la''. It is placed '''after''' the noun, and the sound varies by the last sound of the noun itself. If the last sound is an [[oral consonant]] and is preceded by an [[oral vowel]], it becomes ''la'': :''kravat la'' - "the tie" :''liv la'' - "the book" :''kay la'' - "the house" If the last sound is an [[oral consonant]] and is preceded by a [[nasal vowel]], it becomes ''lan'': :''lanp lan'' - "the lamp" :''ban lan'' - "the bench" If the last sound is an [[oral vowel]] and is preceded by an [[oral consonant]], it becomes ''a'': :''kouto a'' - "the knife" :''peyi a'' - "the country" If the last sound is an [[oral vowel]] and is preceded by a [[nasal consonant]], it becomes ''an'': :''fanmi an'' - "the family" :''mi an'' - "the wall" If the last sound is a [[nasal vowel]], it becomes ''an'': :''chen an'' - "the dog" :''pon an'' - "the bridge" If the last sound is a [[nasal consonant]], it becomes ''nan'': :''machin nan'' - "the car" :''telefòn nan'' - "the telephone" :''madanm nan'' - "the woman" ==="This" and "that"=== There is a single word ''sa'' that corresponds to French ''ce''/''ceci'' or ''ça'', and English "this" and "that". As in English, it may be used as a [[demonstrative]], except that it is placed '''after''' the noun it qualifies. It is often followed by ''a'' or ''yo'' (in order to mark [[number]]): :''jaden sa (a) bèl''- "This garden is beautiful." As in English, it may also be used as a pronoun, replacing a noun: :''sa se zanmi mwen'' - "this is my friend" :''sa se chen frè mwen'' - "this is my brother's dog" ===Verbs=== Many verbs in Haitian Creole are the same spoken words as the [[French language|French]] [[infinitive]], but they are spelled [[phonetically]]. As indicated above, there is no [[conjugation]] in the language; the verbs have one form only, and changes in tense are indicated by the use of [[tense marker]]s. :''Li ale travay le maten'' - "He goes to work in the morning." :''Li dòmi le swa'' - "He sleeps in the evening." :''Li li Bib la'' - "She reads the Bible." :''Mwen fè manje'' - "I make food." :''Nou toujou etidye'' - "We study all the time." ====Copulas==== {{main|Copula#Haitian Creole}} The concept expressed in English by the [[copula|verb "to be"]] is expressed in Haitian Creole by two words, ''se'' and ''ye''. The verb ''se'' (pronounced as the English word "say") is used to link a subject with a [[Subject complement|predicate nominative]]: :''Li se frè mwen'' - "he is my brother" :''Mwen se doktè'' - "I am a doctor" :''Sa se yon pye mango'' - "That is a mango tree" :''Nou se zanmi'' - "we are friends" The [[subject]] ''sa'' or ''li'' can sometimes be omitted with ''se'': :''Se yon bon lide'' - "That is a good idea" :''Se nouvo chemiz mwen'' - "This is my new shirt" For the [[future tense]], such as "I want to be", usually ''vin'' "to become" is used instead of ''se''. :''L ap vin bel frè mwen'' - "He will be my brother-in-law" :''Mwen vle vin yon doktè'' - "I want to become a doctor" :''S ap vin yon pye mango'' - "That will become a mango tree" :''N ap vin zanmi'' - "We will be friends" "Ye" also means "to be", but is placed exclusively at the '''end''' of the sentence, after the [[predicate]] and the [[subject]] (in that order): :''Ayisyen mwen ye'' = ''Mwen se Ayisyen'' - "I am Haitian" :''Ki moun sa ye?'' - "Who is that?" :''Kouman ou ye?'' - "How are you?" The verb "to be" is not [[overt]] when followed by an [[adjective]], that is, Haitian Creole has [[stative verbs]]. So, ''malad'' means "sick" and "to be sick": :''M gen yon zanmi malad'' - "I have a sick friend." :''Zanmi mwen malad.'' - "My friend is sick." ====To have==== The verb "to have" is ''genyen'', often shortened to ''gen''. :''Mwen genyen lajan nan bank lan'' - "I have money in the bank". ====There Is==== The verb ''genyen'' (or ''gen'') also means "there is/are" :''Gen anpil Ayisyen nan Florid'' - "There are many Haitians in Florida". :''Gen yon moun la'' - "There is someone here". :''Pa gen moun la'' - "There is nobody here". :''Mwen genyen match la- "I won the game". ====To know==== There are three verbs which are often translated as "to know", but they mean different things. ''Konn'' or ''konnen'' means "to know" + a noun (cf. French ''connaître''). :''Èske ou konnen non li?'' - "Do you know his name?" ''Konn'' or ''konnen'' also means "to know" + a fact (cf. French ''savoir''). :''M pa konnen kote li ye'' - "I don't know where he is." (note ''pa'' = negative) The third word is always spelled ''konn''. It means "to know how to" or "to have experience". This is similar to the "know" is used in the English phrase "know how to ride a bike": it denotes not only a knowledge of the actions, but also some experience with it. :''Mwen konn fè manje'' - "I know how to cook" (lit. "I know how to make food") :''Èske ou konn ale Ayiti?'' - "Have you been to Haïti?" (lit. "Do you know to go to Haiti?") :''Li pa konn li fransè'' - "He can't read French" (lit. "He doesn't know how to read French.") Another verb worth mentioning is ''fè''. It comes from the French ''faire'' and is often translated as "do" or "make". It has a broad range of meanings, as it is one of the most common verbs used in [[idiomatic phrase]]s. :''Kouman ou fè pale kreyòl?'' - "How did you learn to speak Haitian Creole?" :''Mari konn fè mayi moulen.'' - "Marie knows how to make cornmeal." ====To be able to==== The verb ''kapab'' (or shortened to ''ka'', ''kap' or 'kab'') means "to be able to (do something)". It refers to both "capability" and "availability", very similar to the French "capable". :''Mwen ka ale demen'' - "I can go tomorrow." :''Petèt m ka fè sa demen'' - "Maybe I can do that tomorrow." ====Tense markers==== There is no [[conjugation]] in Haitian Creole. In the present non-progressive tense, one just uses the basic verb form for [[stative verb]]s: :''Mwen pale kreyòl'' - "I speak Haitian Creole" Note that when the basic form of [[action verb]]s is used without any verb [[marker (linguistics)|marker]]s, it is generally understood as referring to the past: :''mwen manje'' - "I ate" :''ou manje'' - "you ate" :''li manje'' - "he/she ate" :''nou manje'' - "we ate" :''yo manje'' - "they ate" (Note that ''manje'' means both "food" and "to eat" -- ''m ap manje bon manje'' means "I am eating good food"). For other [[tense]]s, special "tense marker" words are placed before the verb. The basic ones are: :''te'' - [[simple past]] :''tap'' (or ''t ap'') - past [[progressive aspect|progressive]] (a combination of ''te'' and ''ap'', "was doing") :''ap'' - [[present progressive]] (With ''ap'' and ''a'', the [[pronoun]]s nearly always take the short form (''m ap'', ''l ap'', ''n ap'', ''y ap'', etc.)) :''a'' - [[future]] (some limitations on use) :''pral'' - near or definite [[future]] (translates to "going to") :''ta'' - conditional future (a combination of ''te'' and ''a'', "will do") [[Simple past]] or [[past perfect]]: :''mwen te manje'' - "I ate" or "I had eaten" :''ou te manje'' - "you ate" or "you had eaten" :''li te manje'' - "he/she ate" or "he/she had eaten" :''nou te manje'' - "we ate" or "we had eaten" :''yo te manje'' - "they ate" or "they had eaten" Past [[progressive aspect|progressive]]: :''men t ap manje'' - "I was eating" :''ou t ap manje'' - "you were eating" :''li t ap manje'' - "he/she was eating" :''nou t ap manje'' - "we were eating" :''yo t ap manje'' - "they were eating" [[Present progressive]]: :''m ap manje'' - "I am eating" :''w ap manje'' - "you are eating" :''l ap manje'' - "he/she is eating" :''n ap manje'' - "we are eating" :''y ap manje'' - "they are eating" Note: For the [[present progressive]] ("I am eating now") it is customary, though not necessary, to add "right now": :''M ap manje kounye a'' - "I am eating right now" Near or definite [[future]]: :''mwen pral manje'' - "I am going to eat" :''ou pral manje'' - "you are going to eat" :''li pral manje'' - "he/she is going to eat" :''nou pral manje'' - "we are going to eat" :''yo pral manje'' - "they are going to eat" [[Future]]: :''N a wè pita'' - "See you later" (lit. "We will see (each other) later) Other examples: :''Mwen te wè zanmi ou yè'' - "I saw your friend yesterday" :''Nou te pale lontan'' - "We spoke for a long time" :''Lè li te gen uit an...'' - "When he was eight years old..." :''M a travay'' - "I will work" :''M pral travay'' - "I'm going to work" :''N a li l demen'' - "We'll read it tomorrow" :''Nou pral li l demen'' - "We are going to read it tomorrow" :''Mwen t ap mache e m wè yon chyen'' - "I was walking and I saw a dog" Additional time-related markers: :''fèk'' - recent past ("just") :''sòt'' - similar to ''fèk'' They are often used together: :''Mwen fèk sòt antre kay la'' - "I just entered the house" A verb [[mood]] marker is ''ta'', corresponding to English "would" and equivalent to the French conditional tense: :''Yo ta renmen jwe'' - "They would like to play" :''Mwen ta vini si mwen te gen yon machin'' - "I would come if I had a car" :''Li ta bliye w si ou pa t la'' - "He/she would forget you if you weren't here" ====Negating the verb==== The word ''pa'' comes before a verb (and all [[tense marker]]s) to negate it: :''Woz pa vle ale'' - "Rose doesn't want to go" :''Woz pa t vle ale'' - "Rose didn't want to go" ==List of Haitian Creole words== *''yon anana'' - a pineapple (from Arawak, ''anana'' and now used in France ''ananas'') *''Anakaona'' - ? (from Arawak, ''[[Anakawona]]'', who was a Taino princess) *''anpil'' - a lot, many (from Fr. "en pile", lit. in piles, in great amounts) *''aprann'' - to learn *''yon bannann'' - plantain *''bat'' - to whup *''yon batay'' - a fight, a battle *''yon goumen'' - a fight (most popular) *''batay'' - to fight, to battle *''goumen'' - to fight *''yon bebe'' - a baby *''bonjou'' - good day / good morning *''bonswa'' - good evening (bonswa is typically said after 12:00 noon) *''boukousou'' - a type of bean *''boul, balon'' - a ball *''chadèk'' - grapefruit (from Fr. Chadèque or pamplemousse) *''chante'' - to sing *''yon chanson'' - a song *''yon chan'' - a song, a chant *''cheri'' - darling *''cho'' - hot (also used as an adj. i.e. "Fi sa a cho anpil", That lady's really hot!) *''doudou'' - sweetheart *''dous'' - sweet *''yon dous'' - a cookie (food) *''enpe dlo'' - some water *''yon fanmi'' - a family *''fè'' - to make / to do *''yon fèt'' - a party / a birthday *''yon fig'' - a banana *''fòl'' - crazy, only in reference to women (a crazy person - yon moun fou (fòl)) *''fou'' - crazy, for reference to either gender (a crazy person - yon moun fou (fòl)) *''fou'' - stove *''gade'' - to look (at), to watch (to watch TV - gade TV) *''garde'' - to guard *''yon gardyen'' - a guardian *''yon gardyen bu'' - a goal keeper *''gato'' - a cake *''gwayav'' - guava fruit *''gwo'' - big; also, to be fat ("li gwo", he is fat) *''enpe kafe'' - some coffee *''kaka'' - feces *''yon kann'' - a sugar cane *''yon kenèp'' - [[Mamoncillo]] a.k.a. Spanish lime *''kijan'' - how *''kisa'' - what *''kibò, kikote'' - where *''kimoun'' - who *''ki, ke'' - that (conj.) *''kite mwen'' - leave me / leave me alone *''kite mwen ale'' - let me go *''yon kochon'' - a pig *''yon kokoye'' - a coconut *''konprann/komprann'' - to understand *''kouman/kijan ou rele?'' - what is your name? *''kòm'' - as *''kòman/kijan'' - how *''kounyèa'' - now ex: ''vini kounye a'' (come here now) *''yon kowosòl/kosòl'' - [[Soursop]] a.k.a Corossol *''yon kreyon'' - a pencil *''yon kwafè'' - a barber *''la'' - here / the *''lant/lan'' - slow *''lanse'' - to launch *''yon lougawou'' - a werewolf, bad witch *''yon mambo/manbo'' - a female witch *''yon bòkò/ongan'' - a male witch *''yon majisyen'' - a magician *''yon machin'' - a car *''yon makat'' - a monkey *''yon manyòk'' - [[Cassava]] a.k.a. manioc *''manje'' - to eat / food (both noun and verb) *''enpe manje'' - some food *''mèg'' - skinny *''mèsi/mèrsi'' - thank you *''yon moun'' - a person *''kèk moun'' - some people (the indefinite article plural form) *''move'' - bad (move moun - bad person) *''move'' - fighty (a person that is ready to fight or beat someone up) *''pale/parle'' - to talk / to speak *''yon pánye'' - a basket *''yon pitit'' - a child (a father or mother: my child) *''yon pitit fi'' - a daughter *''yon pitit gason'' - a son *''yon pitit pitit'' - a grand child *''pwa'' - bean *''ki pèz ou (genyen)?''- what is your weight? *''peze'' - to press (press a button), to weigh (this weighs two liters) *''yon pyebwa'' - tree (lit. wood foot, from Fr. pied de bois) *''sa bon pou ou'' - that's what you get *''yon sache/sachè'' - a bag *''sa (è) bon pour ou'' - that's good for you *''sa ka fèt / sa k ap fèt'' - how's it going? *''sa k pase'' - what's up? *''yon sirèt'' - a candy *''tankou'' - like (conj.) *''yon timoun'' - a kid ("little person") *''yon granmoun'' - an adult *''tonbe'' - to fall *''toutouni'' - naked *''yon vòlè'' - a thief *''vòlè'' - to steal *''yon vòl'' - a theft, an aeroplane flight (''ki vòl ou ape pran'' - what flight are you taking?) *''pran vòl'' - to take off (an airplane) *''yon avyon'' - an airplane *''vole'' - to jump or fly *''yon zaboka'' - [[Avocado]] *''zobogit'' - to be skinny *''yon zonbi/zombi'' - a ghost (from Africa, ''zombi'') ==Numbers== *''zero'' - 0 *''yonn, en'' - 1 *''de, dez'' - 2 *''twa'' - 3 *''kat, katr'' - 4 *''senk'' - 5 *''sis'' - 6 *''sèt'' - 7 *''uit, ywit'' - 8 *''nèf'' - 9 *''dis'' - 10 *''onz'' - 11 *''douz'' - 12 *''trèz'' - 13 *''katòz'' - 14 *''kenz'' - 15 *''sèz'' - 16 *''disèt'' - 17 *''dizwit'' - 18 *''diznèf'' - 19 *''ven, vent'' - 20 *''venteyen, vent-yonn'' - 21 *''vennde, vent-dez'' - 22 *''venntwa, vent-twa'' - 23 *''...etc.'' *''trant'' - 30 *''tranteyen, trant-yonn'' - 31 *''trannde'' - 32 *''tranntwa'' - 33 *''...etc.'' *''karant'' - 40 *''karanteyen, karant-yonn'' - 41 *''karannde'' - 42 *''karanntwa'' - 43 *''...etc.'' *''senkant'' - 50 *''swasant'' - 60 *''swasenndis'' - 70 *''swasenteyonz''- 71 *''swasenndouz''- 72 *''swasenntrèz''- 73 *''...etc.'' *''katreven, katrevent'' - 80 *''katrevendis, katreven-dis''- 90 *''katrevenonz, katreven-onz''- 91 *''katrevendouz''- 92 *''katreventrèz''- 93 *''...etc.'' *''san'' - 100 *''san en, san yonn'' - 101 *''san dis'' - 110 *''de san, dez san'' - 200 *''de san ven'' - 220 *''twa san'' - 300 *''kat san'' - 400 *''senk san'' - 500 *''si san'' - 600 *''sèt san'' - 700 *''ui(t) san'' - 800 *''nèf san'' - 900 *''nèf san katrevendisèt'' - 997 *''nèf san katrevendizuit'' - 998 *''nèf san katrevendiznèf'' - 999 *''mil'' - 1000 *''de mil'' - 2000 *''senk mil'' - 5000 *''di mil'' - 10 000 *''san mil'' - 100 000 *''1 milyon'' - 1 000 000, 1 million *''1 bilyon'' - 1 000 000 000, 1 billion ==Referans== {{reflist}} == External links == *[[:ht:|Wikipedya : Kreyol Ayisyen]] *[http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wt/ht Haitian Creole Wiktionary] (Haitian wiktionary in development) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090616124751/http://www.kreyol.com/creole-dictionary/ Haitian Creole dictionary] (Haitian Community Dictionary Project) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100128093955/http://www.kreyol.com/dictionary/ Haitian Creole dictionary] *[http://www.un.org/rights/micivih/declaration/declacr.htm UN Declaration of Human Rights in Haitian Creole] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060213221316/http://www.rfi.fr/fichiers/Langues/creole/rfi_creole_main.asp RFI &mdash; Kréyòl Palé Kréyòl Konprann (radio program)] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110522083851/http://travelinghaiti.com/haitian_kreyol.asp Common Creole Words and Phrases] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060710192454/http://www.transparent.com/tlquiz/lwquiz/Haitian_Creole/tlhait.htm Haitian Creole online test] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081016061003/http://www.geocities.com/frenchcreoles/kreyol/ Haitian Kréyòl grammar] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100501131310/http://www.ahadonline.org/eLibrary/creoleconnection/Number20/haitiancreole.htm What is Haitian Creole? (By Hugues St.Fort)] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080628090420/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/translation/Haitian%20Creole/ Haitian Creole English Dictionary] from [http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org Webster's Online Dictionary] - the Rosetta Edition *[http://haitianproverbs.com Haitian Proverbs] *[http://www.masterches.net/diksyone/ Haitian Creole dictionary] (still in development) [[Kategori:Lang]] [[Kategori:Lang kreyòl]] [[Kategori:Ayiti]] [[Kategori:Lengwistik]] [[Kategori:Kreyòl ayisyen]] lhrs1gls4vkj00eixtc9gcymtt37pa3 0 32237 867927 824798 2025-05-31T08:12:31Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} {{moun |non=Marie-Thérèse Colimon-Hall |foto= |tèks= |fonksyon=womansye, ekriven |dat nesans= [[11 avril]] [[1918]] |lye nesans= [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] |peyi nesans=[[Ayiti]] |dat lanmò= avril [[1997]] |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite=ayisyen |zèv= ''Mon cahier d'écriture'' (1973, pwezi) ; ''Fils de misère'' (1974, woman) ; ''Le Chant des sirènes'' (1979, rekey nouvèl) |nòt= }} '''Marie-Thérèse Colimon-Hall''' se yon womansye, fanm ekriven [[ayisyen]]. == Biyografi == Apre lekòl segondè kote pwofesè li yo te ba li yon bon edikasyon sivik ak moral, yon sans devwa ak etik pwofesyonèl ki ta make tout karyè li kòm yon pwofesè. == Zèv li yo == * 1949 : ''La Fille de l'esclave'', pyès "patriyotik" an 3 zak pou jènfi. Pòtoprens, edisyon Dandin Frères ; * 1949 : ''Le Chant du musicien'', feri an 3 zak ak 8 tablo avèk [[chantè]] ak dansè * 1955 : ''Marie-Claire Heureuse'', dram istorik an 4 tablo ak yon pwològ * 1962 : ''Luciole'', dram an 3 zak * 1973 : ''La Source'', kont [[Nowèl|Nwèl]], Pòtoprens, Ateliers Fardin ; * 1973 : ''Mon cahier d'écritures'', chwa powèm. Pòtoprens, Atelye Fardin ; * 1974 : ''Haïtiennes d'autrefois, ou Le Message des aïeules'', eskètch istorik an 3 tablo * 1974 : ''Fils de misère'', Pòtoprens, edisyon Caraïbes, ASIN B0014MLG42 ; * 1979 : ''Le Chant des Sirènes'', Pòtoprens, edisyon Soleil ; * ''Au Pipirite Chantant'', rekèy powèm == Rekonpans == * 1975 : Pri "France-Haïti", pou ''Fils de misère'' == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [http://www.lehman.cuny.edu/ile.en.ile/paroles/colimon-hall.html Biyografi Marie-Thérèse Colimon-Hall] sou ile.en.ile * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160730105427/http://www.jasminenarcisse.com/memoire/11_litterature/03_marie-therese.html Mémoire de femmes] {{DEFAULTSORT:Colimon Hall, Marie-Therese}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Ekriven]] [[kategori:Ekriven ayisyen]] [[kategori:Literati]] [[kategori:Fanm ekriven]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1918]] [[Kategori:Lanmò 1997]] 64ce5hy6lpfpmbhp7zony2wr35rn59p 0 32327 867899 808601 2025-05-30T16:10:59Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 867899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} {{moun |non=Emerante Morse |foto= |tèks=Emerante Morse |fonksyon=mizisyèn, chantèz, aktris, dansèz, koregraf, folkloris |domèn=Mizik, dans, vodou |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans= [[24 septanm]] [[1918]] |lye nesans= [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] |peyi nesans=[[Ayiti]] |dat lanmò= [[4 janvye]] [[2018]] |lye lanmò= [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] |peyi lanmò= [[Ayiti]] |nasyonalite=ayisyen |zèv= |nòt= }} '''Emerante de Pradines''', rele '''Emerante de Pradines Morse''' oubyen '''Emerante Morse''', ki fèt [[24 septanm]] [[1918]] nan [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] ([[Ayiti]]) epi ki mouri [[4 janvye]] [[2018]] nan menm vil, se yon [[mizisyen|mizisyèn]], [[Chantè|chantèz]], [[aktè|aktris]], [[Dansè|dansèz]], koregraf ak folkloris [[Ayiti|ayisyèn]].<ref>{{fr}} {{cite web |url=http://www.lenouvelliste.com/article/181473/adieu-emerante-de-pradines |title=Adieu Emerante de Pradines ! |website=lenouvelliste.com |author=Malandre Daphney Valsaint |date=8 janvye 2018 |access-date=8 janvye 2018}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.loophaiti.com/content/deces-de-lune-des-plus-grandes-danseuses-du-folklore-vaudou-haitien |title=Kopi achiv |access-date=2018-01-09 |archive-date=2018-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111184853/http://www.loophaiti.com/content/deces-de-lune-des-plus-grandes-danseuses-du-folklore-vaudou-haitien |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Biyografi == Li te ti fi yon animatè ayisyen [[Auguste de Pradines]] (rele tou Ti Candio oubyen Kandjo) ki te premye moun ki te chante [[La Dessalinienne]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |editor-first1=Franklin W. |editor-last1=Knight |editor-first2=Henry Louis Jr.|editor-last2=Gates |title= Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro–Latin American Biography|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199935802 |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199935796.001.0001/acref-9780199935796-e-1701 |access-date=5 novanm 2017}}</ref>. Manman li, Amarante Jean Pierre, te sipliye Vyèj Monkamèl, patwòn nan lòd Kamèlit la, bay li yon ti bebe ti fi, e te "pwomèt ke an retou li ta konsakre Sent Viyèj pitit sa a. Emerante te fèt lè manman li te an vakans nan Rivyè Fwad. Emerante te manman twa (3) pitit ː Jean-Max Sam ki mouri nan finisman ane 1990 yo, [[Richard Auguste Morse]], fondatè trè popilè gwoup ''[[mizik rasin]]'' ki rele [[RAM (gwoup)|RAM]], ak Marise Morse Mahos, fotograf, vèv istoryen [[Richard McGee Morse]] e li te matant ansyen prezidan Dayiti ak mizisyen ayisyen, [[Michel Joseph Martelly]]. LI te grandi nan Matisan, yon katye sid Pòtoprens nan yon antouraj kiltirèl kote li te kòmanse nan ekri pwezi aprè li te vin vire nan chante, teyat epi dans. Li te fè etid klasik li nan lekòl "Sainte-Rose de Lima" aprè li te ale nan "École Normale Supérieure". Li te fè lòt etid nan peyi etranje nan Inivèsite Columbia. Jou ki te 25 desanm 2017 la, yo te sakre li [[Mapou]].<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite journal|last=Baptiste|first=Mariah C. Shéba|date=8 janvye 2018|title=Emerante de Pradines Morse, une étoile dans le ciel d'Haïti a filé|url=https://lenouvelliste.com/article/181460/emerante-de-pradines-morse-une-etoile-dans-le-ciel-dhaiti-a-file|journal=Le Nouvelliste|doi=|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref> nan kilti ayisyèn nan. == Zèv li yo == *Sa li fè == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220311012333/https://issuu.com/milenasandler/docs/grandes_dames Grandes dames de la musique haïtienne] sou issuu.com {{DEFAULTSORT:Pradines, Émerante de}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Mizisyen ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Atis ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Chantè ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1918]] [[Kategori:lanmò 2018]] ejza0ns2gq7sxotxfjk590lqjyzzneh 0 32333 867898 864277 2025-05-30T16:00:32Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 867898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mizik (atis) |charte=vocal |non=Yole Dérose |imaj= |lejand= Yole Dérose |fonksyon=chantèz |domèn=mizik |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans= [[5 avril]] [[1955]] |lye nesans= [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] |peyi nesans=[[Ayiti]] |dat lanmò= [[17 janvye]] [[1998]] |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite=ayisyen |zèv= |nòt= }} '''Yole Ledan''', rele '''Yole Dérose''', ki fèt [[5 avril]] [[1955]] nan [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] ([[Ayiti]])epi ki mouri [[17 janvye]] [[1998]], se yon [[chantè|chantèz]] [[Ayiti|ayisyèn]]. == Biyografi == Li fèt nan yon fanmi relijye. Paran li te entèdi li fè mizik sitou papa li. Li kòmanse chante avèk koral nan legliz. Li te enterese fè teyat, mannkina, travay ajil, desen ak sitou dans. Li etidye chante avèk [[Lina Mathon-Blanchet]]. Li rankontre [[Ansy Dérose]], nan Festival entènasyonal la «Super Franco fête» nan [[Kanada]]. Yole Ledan te gen 20 ane lè li marye avèk Ansy Dérose, chantè ki pi popilè nan epòk li,e ki pi pwodiktif Atis Ayiti pwodui. Yole Dérose kòmanse karyè li tankou chantèz nan senkyèm "Festival International de Chanson et de la Voix" (Festival entènasyonal Chanson ak Vwa) nan mwa oktòb 1979 avèk chanson la ''Merci'' devan yon piblik latino-ameriken. Ansy vin pi bon otè-konpozitè ak entèprèt ayisyen.<ref>{{fr}} {{cite web |url=https://lenouvelliste.com/article/142779/hommages-a-yole-derose |title=Hommages à Yole Dérose ! |author=Winnie Hugot Gabriel |publisher=Le Nouvelliste |website=lenouvelliste.com |date=20 mas 2015 |access-date=18 mas 2022}}</ref> Yole travay avèk Ansy pandan plis pase 20 ane. Ann Ayiti, li patisipe plis pase 70 espektak ak anpil tournen nasyonal. Li chante nan meyè sal teyat nan [[Kanada]] e [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] : nan [[Nouyòk]] nan Carnegie Hall, nan Brooklyn Academy of Music, nan [[Boston]], nan [[Chikago]], [[Wachintòn]], [[Òlando]]… Li patisipe avèk siksè nan plizyè konpetisyon entènasyonal, sitou nan [[Pòtoriko]] ak nan [[Meksik]]. Li fè etid nan administrasyon an ak pandan uit (8) ane li dirije «Ateliers Créations et Productions Ansy Dérose» ki favorize travay sou dekorasyon, bwa, fè, metal… Pandan senk (5) ane, li te tou responsab jesyon «Atelier-Ecole du CECAP», yon òganizasyon pou timoun ak jenn moun an difikilte. Li te ensèyan ak kòdonatris nan aktivite kiltirèl CECAP. Nan lane 2018, li te fè kansè, epi li te vin fè yon konbit pou li te ka jwenn lajan pou peye trètmam li. Li kite mizik e al rete Kanada. == Zèv li yo == * ''Merci'' * ''Yo gen lontan'' * ''Tounen'' * ''Tonton Nwèl Cheri'' * ''La womann'' * ''Il n’y a que toi'' == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [http://www.lesproductionsyd.com/equipe_yd.html Yole Déros] sou lesproductionsyd.com * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220311012333/https://issuu.com/milenasandler/docs/grandes_dames Grandes dames de la musique haïtienne] sou issuu.com {{DEFAULTSORT:Dérose, Yole}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Mizik]] [[Kategori:Mizisyen ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Chantè ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1955]] bbmluunnviikrahxfzanrbzb3qcln9x 0 57684 867904 832935 2025-05-30T21:33:48Z 64.32.89.245 867904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Administre}} {{Lagè |name = Batay Vètyè |partof = [[Revolisyon Ayisyen]] |image = [[File:Vertieres.jpg|300px]] |date = 18 novanm 1803 |place = [[Ayiti]] |result = Viktwa ayisyen an |map_type =Ayiti |map_relief =yes |latitude = |longitude = |map_size = |map_marksize = |map_caption = |map_label = |combattants1 = {{flagicon|Frans}} [[Frans]] |combattants2 = |commandant1 = {{flagicon|Frans}} [[Donatien de Rochambeau]] |commandant2 = [[imaj:Flag of Haiti (1803-1804).svg|23px]] [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]]<br/>[[imaj:Flag of Haiti (1803-1804).svg|23px]] [[François Capois]] |forces1 = 2,000 moun |forces2 = 27,000 moun<ref>Jacques de Cauna, ''Haïti, l'éternelle révolution: histoire de sa décolonisation (1789-1804)'', p.177.</ref> |pertes1 = 1,200 mouri ak blese |pertes2 = 1,200 mouri<br/>2,000 blese }} '''Batay Vètyè,''' te dewoule nan [[Vètyè]] (alantou [[Kap Ayisyen|Cap-Français]] nan Nò Ayiti), nan dat [[18 novanm]] [[1803]]. Li te opoze twoup Jeneral [[Donatien de Rochambeau|Rochambeau]] ([[Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoleyon]] voye) kòmande yo ak twoup Jeneral [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]] yo. Se te dènye batay [[ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng]] lan. Rezistans twoup Desalin yo te dirije ak 9yèm brigad la ke [[François Capois]] te ap kòmande, te mennen yo nan viktwa final la, pou fòse Rochambeau abandone. == Istwa batay sa == Apre [[Dekrè abolisyon esklavaj 4 fevriye 1794|abolisyon esklavaj 1794]], [[Toussaint Louverture]] te rive chase Anglè yo nan zile a e li te kòmanse gouvène. [[Napoléon Bonaparte]] retabli esklavaj la, fè mete anba kòd epi trèt Louverture epi voye {{inite|23,000|sòlda}} sou lòd [[Charles Victoire Emmanuel Leclerc]] pou repran kontwòl zile a. Twoup franse yo te frape ak [[Lafyèv jòn|fyèv jòn]], e malgre yon ranfòsman {{unit|10,000|moun}} yo te redwi a {{unit|2000|sòlda}} ki te antre nan Fò Vètyè.<ref>{{lien web |url=https://www.herodote.net/18_november_1803-evenement-18031118.php|site=herodote.net|title=18 novanm 1803 Ayiti chase franse a|otè=Fabienne Manière|dat=11 fevriye 2020|accessed=18 novanm 2020}}.</ref> === Rezistans franse === Aprè depòtasyon [[Tousen Louvèti]] nan lane 1802, youn nan dirijan Toussaint yo, [[Janjak Desalin]], te kontinye batay pou [[libète]] paske, nan pawòl deklarasyon Toussaint Louverture: {{sitasyon blok|Nan ranvèse m, yo senpman koupe chouk pye bwa libète nwa yo nan Sen Domeng. Li pral tounen pouse nan rasin yo, paske yo anpil epi yo fon.}} Nan dat [[18 novanm]] [[1803]], [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]] te bay lòd pou yo pran Fò Vètyè, ki te sou yon ti mòn touprè vil [[Kap Ayisyen (komin)|Cap-Français]]. Capois, rele Capois-la-Mò, te kòmande yon mwatye brigad, ki te an pati detwit pa tire kanon nan fò la. Li te lanse yon nouvo atak, men sòlda li yo te toujou touye nan pye ti mòn. [[François Capois|Capois]] kouri chèche lòt sòlda pou ranfòsman, epi pou yon twazyèm fwa li lanse fòs li nan atak sa a fò pou anyen epi kite yon lòt fwa ankò anpil moun mouri. Pandan katriyèm atak la, li te mande sòlda yo swiv li, yo t ap rele byen fò: "An avan! An avan!". Pandan ke li te devan sòlda li yo, chwal li te frape pa yon boul kanon, li tonbe, men Capois pran nepe li, li leve epi li kouri ankò devan sòlda nwa li yo, te ap rele byen fò "An avan! An avan!". Chapo li, avèk plim, te pote ale pa yon boul kanon. === Ranfò Dessalines === Jeneral Desalin te voye ranfò li ki te sou lòd Gabart, pi piti nan jeneral yo ak Jean-Philippe Daut, Gadam Rochambeau nan grenadye ki te fòme pou yon chaj final. Men, Gabart, Capois, ak Clervaux, batay avèk yon mousket franse nan men ak yon sèl epolèt, kontrè dezespere kontratak. Toudenkou yon loraj avèk zèklè tranpe chan batay la. Anba kouvèti tanpèt la, Rochambeau te rale tounen soti nan Vètyè, konnen li te bat e ke Sendomeng te pèdi pou Lafrans. == Rochambeau te pèdi batay sa == Nan denmen maten, yon ofisye franse, Duveyrier, retounen nan santinèl Capois epi yo mennen li nan katye jeneral lame Ayiti a sou yon chevalye e li pote mesaj sa a: {{sitasyon blok|Le capitaine-général Rochambeau offre ce cheval comme une marque d'admiration pour l'« Achille noir » pour remplacer celui que son armée française regrette d'avoir tué. (Kapitèn Rochambeau ofri cheval sa a ak yon lòt pou montre li mèt chapo ba pou « Achille noir » pou ranplase sa lame franse regrèt yo touye a).}}.Chita pale avèk Desalin te pran tout yon jounen an antye. Anvan lanjelis tonbe, yon akò te siyen. Rochambeau te gen dis jou pou retire kòl nan fò Vètyè ak anbake rès fòs lame l yo epi retire l nan Sendomeng. == Rezilta batay la == Zile a pwoklame endepandan li de Frans ofisyèlman an 1^e janvye 1804 pa [[Lwa Endepandans nan Repiblik Ayiti]] a pa Desalin nan Gonayiv. Ayiti te vin premye repiblik nwa nan mond lan. Pandan Dezyèm Restorasyon, Wayòm Lafrans pa te rekonèt endepandans sa a kont Repiblik franse a. Nan lane 1826, wa [[Charles X]] reklame nan Ayiti yon endanmnite 150 milyon dola fran lò nan men jèn repiblik pou Lafrans ta rekonèt endepandans li. Nan lane 1838, sou Monachi jiyè a, dèt sa a pral aleje avèk Louis-Philippe {{I}} a 90 milyon fran epi yo te peye totalman bay Lafrans an 1883. Pèyman enterè sou dèt la te fin peye jiskaske 1952.<ref>{{lien web|url=https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2010/03/25/haitila-dette-originelle_617159|site=liberation.fr|titre=Haïti,la dette originelle|date=25 mars 2010|consulté le=18 novembre 2020|auteur=Louis-Philippe Dalembert}}.</ref> == Gade tou == * [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng]] * [[Revolisyon Ayisyen]] == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180211105142/http://www.lescacosnoirs.com/les-elements-strategiques-de-la-bataille-de-vertieres-le-18-novembre-1803/ Les éléments stratégiques de la Bataille de Vertières le 18 Novembre 1803] sou lescacosnoirs.com * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cASitBtNDOM Istwa Batay Vètyè] {{Revolisyon Ayisyen}} [[Kategori:Batay nan Revolisyon Ayisyen]] 8t5n6hlca07y7nh0offpdccwv8tn6hh 867905 867904 2025-05-30T21:40:43Z 64.32.89.245 Lame esklav nwa 867905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Administre}} {{Lagè |name = Batay Vètyè |partof = [[Revolisyon Ayisyen]] |image = [[File:Vertieres.jpg|300px]] |date = 18 novanm 1803 |place = [[Ayiti]] |result = Viktwa ayisyen an |map_type =Ayiti |map_relief =yes |latitude = |longitude = |map_size = |map_marksize = |map_caption = |map_label = |combattants1 = {{flagicon|Frans}} [[Frans]] |combattants2 ={{Lame esklav nwa}} |commandant1 = {{flagicon|Frans}} [[Donatien de Rochambeau]] |commandant2 = [[imaj:Flag of Haiti (1803-1804).svg|23px]] [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]]<br/>[[imaj:Flag of Haiti (1803-1804).svg|23px]] [[François Capois]] |forces1 = 2,000 moun |forces2 = 27,000 moun<ref>Jacques de Cauna, ''Haïti, l'éternelle révolution: histoire de sa décolonisation (1789-1804)'', p.177.</ref> |pertes1 = 1,200 mouri ak blese |pertes2 = 1,200 mouri<br/>2,000 blese }} '''Batay Vètyè,''' te dewoule nan [[Vètyè]] (alantou [[Kap Ayisyen|Cap-Français]] nan Nò Ayiti), nan dat [[18 novanm]] [[1803]]. Li te opoze twoup Jeneral [[Donatien de Rochambeau|Rochambeau]] ([[Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoleyon]] voye) kòmande yo ak twoup Jeneral [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]] yo. Se te dènye batay [[ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng]] lan. Rezistans twoup Desalin yo te dirije ak 9yèm brigad la ke [[François Capois]] te ap kòmande, te mennen yo nan viktwa final la, pou fòse Rochambeau abandone. == Istwa batay sa == Apre [[Dekrè abolisyon esklavaj 4 fevriye 1794|abolisyon esklavaj 1794]], [[Toussaint Louverture]] te rive chase Anglè yo nan zile a e li te kòmanse gouvène. [[Napoléon Bonaparte]] retabli esklavaj la, fè mete anba kòd epi trèt Louverture epi voye {{inite|23,000|sòlda}} sou lòd [[Charles Victoire Emmanuel Leclerc]] pou repran kontwòl zile a. Twoup franse yo te frape ak [[Lafyèv jòn|fyèv jòn]], e malgre yon ranfòsman {{unit|10,000|moun}} yo te redwi a {{unit|2000|sòlda}} ki te antre nan Fò Vètyè.<ref>{{lien web |url=https://www.herodote.net/18_november_1803-evenement-18031118.php|site=herodote.net|title=18 novanm 1803 Ayiti chase franse a|otè=Fabienne Manière|dat=11 fevriye 2020|accessed=18 novanm 2020}}.</ref> === Rezistans franse === Aprè depòtasyon [[Tousen Louvèti]] nan lane 1802, youn nan dirijan Toussaint yo, [[Janjak Desalin]], te kontinye batay pou [[libète]] paske, nan pawòl deklarasyon Toussaint Louverture: {{sitasyon blok|Nan ranvèse m, yo senpman koupe chouk pye bwa libète nwa yo nan Sen Domeng. Li pral tounen pouse nan rasin yo, paske yo anpil epi yo fon.}} Nan dat [[18 novanm]] [[1803]], [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]] te bay lòd pou yo pran Fò Vètyè, ki te sou yon ti mòn touprè vil [[Kap Ayisyen (komin)|Cap-Français]]. Capois, rele Capois-la-Mò, te kòmande yon mwatye brigad, ki te an pati detwit pa tire kanon nan fò la. Li te lanse yon nouvo atak, men sòlda li yo te toujou touye nan pye ti mòn. [[François Capois|Capois]] kouri chèche lòt sòlda pou ranfòsman, epi pou yon twazyèm fwa li lanse fòs li nan atak sa a fò pou anyen epi kite yon lòt fwa ankò anpil moun mouri. Pandan katriyèm atak la, li te mande sòlda yo swiv li, yo t ap rele byen fò: "An avan! An avan!". Pandan ke li te devan sòlda li yo, chwal li te frape pa yon boul kanon, li tonbe, men Capois pran nepe li, li leve epi li kouri ankò devan sòlda nwa li yo, te ap rele byen fò "An avan! An avan!". Chapo li, avèk plim, te pote ale pa yon boul kanon. === Ranfò Dessalines === Jeneral Desalin te voye ranfò li ki te sou lòd Gabart, pi piti nan jeneral yo ak Jean-Philippe Daut, Gadam Rochambeau nan grenadye ki te fòme pou yon chaj final. Men, Gabart, Capois, ak Clervaux, batay avèk yon mousket franse nan men ak yon sèl epolèt, kontrè dezespere kontratak. Toudenkou yon loraj avèk zèklè tranpe chan batay la. Anba kouvèti tanpèt la, Rochambeau te rale tounen soti nan Vètyè, konnen li te bat e ke Sendomeng te pèdi pou Lafrans. == Rochambeau te pèdi batay sa == Nan denmen maten, yon ofisye franse, Duveyrier, retounen nan santinèl Capois epi yo mennen li nan katye jeneral lame Ayiti a sou yon chevalye e li pote mesaj sa a: {{sitasyon blok|Le capitaine-général Rochambeau offre ce cheval comme une marque d'admiration pour l'« Achille noir » pour remplacer celui que son armée française regrette d'avoir tué. (Kapitèn Rochambeau ofri cheval sa a ak yon lòt pou montre li mèt chapo ba pou « Achille noir » pou ranplase sa lame franse regrèt yo touye a).}}.Chita pale avèk Desalin te pran tout yon jounen an antye. Anvan lanjelis tonbe, yon akò te siyen. Rochambeau te gen dis jou pou retire kòl nan fò Vètyè ak anbake rès fòs lame l yo epi retire l nan Sendomeng. == Rezilta batay la == Zile a pwoklame endepandan li de Frans ofisyèlman an 1^e janvye 1804 pa [[Lwa Endepandans nan Repiblik Ayiti]] a pa Desalin nan Gonayiv. Ayiti te vin premye repiblik nwa nan mond lan. Pandan Dezyèm Restorasyon, Wayòm Lafrans pa te rekonèt endepandans sa a kont Repiblik franse a. Nan lane 1826, wa [[Charles X]] reklame nan Ayiti yon endanmnite 150 milyon dola fran lò nan men jèn repiblik pou Lafrans ta rekonèt endepandans li. Nan lane 1838, sou Monachi jiyè a, dèt sa a pral aleje avèk Louis-Philippe {{I}} a 90 milyon fran epi yo te peye totalman bay Lafrans an 1883. Pèyman enterè sou dèt la te fin peye jiskaske 1952.<ref>{{lien web|url=https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2010/03/25/haitila-dette-originelle_617159|site=liberation.fr|titre=Haïti,la dette originelle|date=25 mars 2010|consulté le=18 novembre 2020|auteur=Louis-Philippe Dalembert}}.</ref> == Gade tou == * [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng]] * [[Revolisyon Ayisyen]] == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180211105142/http://www.lescacosnoirs.com/les-elements-strategiques-de-la-bataille-de-vertieres-le-18-novembre-1803/ Les éléments stratégiques de la Bataille de Vertières le 18 Novembre 1803] sou lescacosnoirs.com * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cASitBtNDOM Istwa Batay Vètyè] {{Revolisyon Ayisyen}} [[Kategori:Batay nan Revolisyon Ayisyen]] 4fx308gwdjimwtkzhronczxsc0zwuv2 0 62492 867931 820053 2025-05-31T08:21:16Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867931 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət Himni''' se [[im]] nasyonal [[Azèbayidjan]]. Tit orijinal la te '''Azərbaycan marşı''' (''Mache Azèbayidjan'') depi lane [[1918]] epi [[1992]]. Pawòl yo te ekri pa [[Ahmed Javad]] e mizik la te konpoze pa [[Uzeyir Hajibeyov]].<ref>{{az}} {{cite web |url=https://azerbaijan.az/portal/General/Symbols/stateSymbols_e.html |title=The National Symbols of the Republic of Azerbaijan |website=azerbaijan.az |publisher=Heydar Aliyev Foundation |date=23 janvye 2015 |access-date=}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{az}} {{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.az/files/file/12.pdf |title=Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət himni haqqında |website=mfa.gov.az |date=3 desanm 2018 |access-date= |archive-date=2019-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214121837/http://www.mfa.gov.az/files/file/12.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Pawòl == ===Pawòl ofisyèl azèbayidjan=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- |bgcolor="#00B5E2"|<div style="display:inline;color:#FFFFFF"><center>'''Alfabè laten<br><small>(ofisyèl)</small>'''</center></div> |bgcolor="#EF3340"|<div style="display:inline;color:#FFFFFF"><center>'''Alfabè sirilik'''</center></div> |bgcolor="#509E2F"|<div style="display:inline;color:#FFFFFF"><center>'''Alfabè arab'''</center></div> |- |<poem>Azərbaycan! Azərbaycan! Ey qəhrəman övladın şanlı Vətəni! Səndən ötrü can verməyə cümlə hazırız! Səndən ötrü qan tökməyə cümlə qadiriz! Üçrəngli bayrağınla məsud yaşa! Üçrəngli bayrağınla məsud yaşa! Minlərlə can qurban oldu, Sinən hərbə meydan oldu! Hüququndan keçən əsgər, Hərə bir qəhrəman oldu! Sən olasan gülüstan, Sənə hər an can qurban! Sənə min bir məhəbbət Sinəmdə tutmuş məkan! Namusunu hifz etməyə, Bayrağını yüksəltməyə Namusunu hifz etməyə, Cümlə gənclər müştaqdır! Şanlı Vətən! Şanlı Vətən! Azərbaycan! Azərbaycan! Azərbaycan! Azərbaycan!<ref>{{az}} {{cite web|url=http://www.e-qanun.az/framework/7087|title=AZƏRBAYCAN MARŞI|website=e-qanun.az|publisher=Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət himni haqqında|date=25 novanm 2017|access-date=|archive-date=2015-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923030044/http://www.e-qanun.az/framework/7087|dead-url=yes}}</ref></poem> |<poem>Азәрбајҹан! Азәрбајҹан! Еј гәһрәман өвладын шанлы Вәтәни! Сәндән өтрү ҹан вермәјә ҹүмлә һазырыз! Сәндән өтрү ган төкмәјә ҹүмлә гадириз! Үчрәнҝли бајрағынла мәсʼуд јаша! Үчрәнҝли бајрағынла мәсʼуд јаша! Минләрлә ҹан гурбан олду, Синән һәрбә мејдан олду! Һүгугундан кечән әсҝәр, Һәрә бир гәһрәман олду! Сән оласан ҝүлүстан, Сәнә һәр ан ҹан гурбан! Сәнә мин бир мәһәббәт Синәмдә тутмуш мәкан! Намусуну һифз етмәјә, Бајрағыны јүксәлтмәјә Намусуну һифз етмәјә, Ҹүмлә ҝәнҹләр мүштагдыр! Шанлы Вәтән! Шанлы Вәтән! Азәрбајҹан! Азәрбајҹан! Азәрбајҹан! Азәрбајҹан!<ref>https://maxmuland.nethouse.ru/page/813236 ''АТРИБУТЫ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА''. Сайт учителя начальных классов Тагиевой Сарии Сахибовны города БАКУ. Maxmuland.nethouse.ru.</ref></poem> |<poem>آذربایجان! آذربایجان! ای قهرمان اولادین شانلی وطنی! سندن اوترو جان ورمه‌یه جومله حاضریز! سندن اوتروقان توکمه‌یه جومله قادیریز! اوچرنگلی بایراقین‌لا مسعود یاشا! اوچرنگلی بایراقین‌لا مسعود یاشا! مینلرله جان قوربان اولدو، سینن حربه میدان اولدو! حقوقوندان کچن عسکر، هره بیر قهرمان اولدو! سن اولاسان گولوستان، سنه هرآن جان قوربان! سنه مین بیر محبت سینه‌مده توتموش مکان! ناموسونو حیفظ اتمه‌یه، بایراقینی یوکسلتمه‌یه ناموسونو حیفظ اتمه‌یه، جومله گنجلر موشتاقدیر! شانلی وطن! شانلی وطن! آذربایجان! آذربایجان! آذربایجان! آذربایجان!</poem> |} ===Transkripsyon fonetik=== {|class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" style="text-align:center;" !AFE |- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;" |<poem>[ɑ̝z̪æ̞ɾbɑ̝jˈd͡ʒɑ̝n ǀ ɑ̝z̪æ̞ɾbɑ̝jˈd͡ʒɑ̝n ‖] [e̞j gæ̞hɾæ̞ˈmɑ̝n ø̞yɫɑ̝ˈd̪ɯ̞n ʃɑ̝ŋˈɫɯ̞ væ̞t̪æ̞ˈni ‖] [s̪æ̞nˈd̪æ̞n ø̞t̪ˈɾy d͡ʒɑ̝n ve̞ɾmæ̞ˈjæ̞ d͡ʒymˈlæ̞ hɑ̝z̪ɯ̞ˈɾɯ̞z̪ ‖] [s̪æ̞nˈd̪æ̞n ø̞t̪ˈɾy gɑ̝n t̪ø̞cmæ̞ˈjæ̞ d͡ʒymˈlæ̞ gɑ̝d̪ɯ̞ˈɾɯ̞z̪ ‖] [yt͡ʃɾæ̞ɲɟˈli bɑ̝jɾɑ̝ɣɯ̞ŋˈɫɑ̝ mæ̞ˈs̪ud̪ jɑ̝ˈʃɑ̝ ‖] [yt͡ʃɾæ̞ɲɟˈli bɑ̝jɾɑ̝ɣɯ̞ŋˈɫɑ̝ mæ̞ˈs̪ud̪ jɑ̝ˈʃɑ̝ ‖] [minlæ̞ɾˈlæ̞ d͡ʒɑ̝ŋ guɾˈbɑ̝n o̞ɫˈd̪u ǀ] [s̪iˈnæ̞n hæ̞ɾˈbæ̞ me̞jˈd̪ɑ̝n o̞ɫˈd̪u ‖] [hygugunˈd̪ɑ̝ɲ ce̞ˈt͡ʃæ̞n æ̞s̪ˈɟæ̞ɾ ǀ] [hæ̞ˈɾæ̞ biɾ gæ̞hɾæ̞ˈmɑ̝n o̞ɫˈd̪u ‖] [s̪æ̞n o̞ɫɑ̝ˈs̪ɑ̝ɲ ɟylyˈs̪t̪ɑ̝n ǀ] [s̪æ̞ˈnæ̞ hæ̞ɾɑ̝n d͡ʒɑ̝ŋ guɾˈbɑ̝n ‖] [s̪æ̞ˈnæ̞ mimbiɾ mæ̞hæ̞bˈbæ̞t̪] [s̪inæ̞mˈd̪æ̞ t̪ut̪ˈmuʃ mæ̞ˈcɑ̝n ‖] [nɑ̝mus̪uˈnu hifz̪ e̞t̪mæ̞ˈjæ̞ ǀ] [bɑ̝jɾɑ̝ɣɯ̞ˈnɯ̞ jyçs̪æ̞lt̪mæ̞ˈjæ̞] [nɑ̝mus̪uˈnu hifz̪ e̞t̪mæ̞ˈjæ̞ ǀ] [d͡ʒymˈlæ̞ ɟæ̞nd͡ʒˈlæ̞ɾ myʃt̪ɑ̝gˈd̪ɯ̞ɾ ‖] [ʃɑ̝ŋˈɫɯ̞ væ̞ˈt̪æ̞n ǀ ʃɑ̝ŋˈɫɯ̞ væ̞ˈt̪æ̞n ‖] [ɑ̝z̪æ̞ɾbɑ̝jˈd͡ʒɑ̝n ǀ ɑ̝z̪æ̞ɾbɑ̝jˈd͡ʒɑ̝n ‖] [ɑ̝z̪æ̞ɾbɑ̝jˈd͡ʒɑ̝n ǀ ɑ̝z̪æ̞ɾbɑ̝jˈd͡ʒɑ̝n ‖]</poem> |} ===Tradiksyon an kreyòl ayisyen=== :Azèbayidjan! Azèbayidjan! :Mezanmi peyi kote ki gen vanyan, pitit gason :Nou se pare bay kè nou :ak lavi nou pou ou. :Chak nan nou ka bay san pou ou :Ala bon sa bon ak trikolò lavi ou :Ala bon sa bon ak trikolò lavi nou. :Dè milye de lespri yo te ofri [[bèt]] pou touye pou ou :Nan [[pwatrin]] ou an te vin tounen yon chan batay. :Sòlda yo ki te wete nan lavi yo, :chak te vin tounen yon ewo. :Ou ka vin yon jaden. :Nou se pare bay kè nou :ak lespri pou ou. :Apre sa, yon mo mil sansib yo nan kè m'. :Ak sipò onè ou. :Ogmante drapo nou an, :ak sipò onè ou a, :Tout jèn moun ki anvi. :Cheri [[Latè]], peyi renmen anpil :Azèbayidjan! Azèbayidjan! :Azèbayidjan! Azèbayidjan! == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * {{en}} [http://azer.com/aiweb/categories/music/AudioPages/NationalAnthem/nationalanthem.html Paj sou im nasyonal nan Azèbayidjan]. [[Kategori:Im]] [[Kategori:Azèbayidjan]] 4qvyq06bfli4xb6zodvk9xm5xxhif8b 0 63084 867895 852056 2025-05-30T03:11:34Z 152.166.135.150 Rektifikasyon 867895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Fantom |non nesans=Daniel Darinus |foto= |tèks=Daniel Darius |fonksyon=chantè, mizisyen |domèn=mizik, sinema |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[26 mas]] [[1981]] |lye nesans=[[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] |peyi nesans=[[Ayiti]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite=ayisyen |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |gwoup= [[Barikad Crew]] |labèl=Tapajè Records |mizik= [[rap]] |enstriman= [[vwa]] |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= Married men |manm=}} '''Daniel Darinus''', rele '''Fantom''', ki fèt [[26 mas]] [[1981]] nan [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] ([[Ayiti]]), se yon [[chantè]] ak [[mizisyen]] [[Ayiti|ayisyen]].Yo klasifye li kom meyè rapè an Ayiti…. Loovenson Beaubrun == Biyografi == Fantom se yon mizisyen, antreprenè ayisyen, bon non li se Daniel Darinus.Li plis evolye nan milye rap la e yo konsidere li kòm youn nan rapè ki fè anpil enpak nan milye mizikal la. Li se yon manm fondatè "Barikad crew" ki se youn nan pi gro group rap nan karayib la. Li te anba label "Tapajè record" ke li se youn nan fondatè yo avan li siyen avèk label "BMG". == Zèv li yo == === Tankou chantè nan [[Barikad Crew]] === * [[2006]] : ''Goumen pou sa w kwè'' * [[2008]] : ''Jiskobou'' * [[2012]] : ''Red'' === Tankou chantè solo === ==== Albòm ==== * [[2009]] : ''Men non'm nan'' * [[2010]] : ''Yo gen vè'' * [[2013]] : ''Salute vol.1'' * [[2014]] : ''Salute vol. 2'' * [[2015]] : ''Point final'' * [[2016]] : ''Reyenkanasyon'' * [[2017]] : ''Salute vol. 3'' * [[2020]] : ''Rap onorab'' * 2022 : Nan bòl yo === Tankou aktè === * 2019 : ''[[Married Men]]'' == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [http://reklamlakay.com/fr/?p=1768 Daniel Darius] sou reklamlakay.com {{DEFAULTSORT:Darius, Daniel}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Atis]] [[Kategori:Chantè]] [[Kategori:Chantè ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Mizisyen ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1981]] 5jxbpvocit3e37bny01umj4bhh49689 0 63411 867902 690549 2025-05-30T18:13:54Z Metellus cleberson2025 35855 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|1 */ 867902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Yellow fever | Image = YellowFeverVirus.jpg | Caption = A [[Transmission electron microscope|TEM]] [[micrograph]] of the yellow fever virus (234,000X magnification) | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|95||a|90}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|060}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | DiseasesDB = 14203 | MedlinePlus = 001365 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 2432 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|645}} | MeshID = D015004 }} [[Fichye:YellowFeverVirus.jpg|thumb|Viris lafyèv jòn]] '''Lafyèv jòn''', li te ye kòm istorikman jack jòn, move maladi jòn<ref name="Oldstone2009">{{cite book |last=Oldstone |first=Michael |title=Viruses, Plagues, and History: Past, Present and Future |date=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-975849-4 |pages=102–4 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2XbHXUVY65gC&pg=PA103}}</ref>, oswa an kwiv Jan<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bazin |first1=Hervé |title=Vaccination: a history from Lady Montagu to genetic engineering |date=2011 |publisher=J. Libbey Eurotext |location=Montrouge |isbn=978-2-7420-0775-2 |page=407 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=orjaA_7sYZQC&pg=PA407}}</ref>, se yon maladi viral egi<ref name="WHO">{{cite web |title=Fièvre jaune |url=http://who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/fr/ |publisher=Òganizasyon Mondyal Lasante |accessdate=2016-04-11 |date=2016 |language=fr}}</ref>. Nan pifò ka, sentòm yo enkli lafyèv, frison, pèdi apeti, noze, doulè nan misk patikilyèman nan do a, ak tèt fè mal. Sentòm tipikman amelyore nan senk jou. Nan kèk moun ki nan yon jou pou amelyore, lafyèv la vini tounen, doulè nan vant rive, ak domaj nan fwa kòmanse sa ki lakòz po jòn. Si sa rive, se risk pou yo senyen ak ren pwoblèm yo te ogmante tou<ref name="WHO"/>. Depi 17yèm syèk la, plizyè gwo nan maladi a te fèt nan Amerik, [[Afrik]], ak [[Ewòp]] la. Depi 17yèm syèk la, lòt maladi pi gwo ki te fèt nan Amerik, Afrik, ak Ewòp<ref name="Oldstone2009"/>. <!-- Kòz ak dyagnostik --> Se maladi a ki te koze pa viris la lafyèv jòn epi li se gaye nan mòde an nan fi moustik la<ref name="WHO"/>. Li enfekte sèlman moun, lòt primates a, ak espès plizyè nan moustik<ref name="WHO"/>. Nan vil yo, li se gaye sitou pa moustik nan '' Aedes egipti'' espès yo.<ref name="WHO"/>; viris la se yon viris nan genus a '' flavivirus''<ref name="lindenbach2007">{{cite book |title=Fields Virology |edition=5th |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |first1=Brett D. |last1=Lindenbach |first2=Heinz-Jürgen |last2=Thiel |first3=Charles M. |last3=Rice |editor1-first=David M. |editor1-last=Knipe |editor2-first=Peter M. |editor2-last=Howley |year=2007 |location=Philadelphia, PA |page=1101 |isbn=978-0-7817-6060-7 |chapter=Flaviviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication}}</ref>. Maladi a ka difisil di apa de lòt maladi, espesyalman nan premye etap yo<ref name="WHO"/>. Konfime yon ka sispèk, tès echantiyon san ak reyaksyon chèn polimerizasyon ki nesesè<ref name="Tolle2009">{{cite journal |author=Tolle MA |title=Mosquito-borne diseases |journal=Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care |volume=39 |issue=4 |pages=97–140 |date=2009 |pmid=19327647 |doi=10.1016/j.cppeds.2009.01.001 |issn=1538-5442}}</ref>. Maladi a ka difisil di apa de lòt maladi, espesyalman nan premye etap yo byen bonè. Yon echantiyon san nesesè fè dyagnostik yon ka sispèk. Se Echantiyon an analize pa yon laboratwa medikal<ref name="Tolle2009"/>. Katreven pousan nan ka yo nan lafyèv jòn yo nan Lafrik di.<ref name="Tolle2009"/> Prèske yon milya dola moun yo ap viv nan yon zòn nan mond lan kote maladi a se komen<ref name="WHO"/>. Li se komen nan zòn twopikal yo nan Amerik di Sid ak Lafrik di, men se pa nan pwovens Lazi<ref name="WHO"/><ref name=CDC2011>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/ |title=CDC Yellow Fever |accessdate=2012-12-12}}</ref>. Depi ane 1980 yo, ki kantite ka nan lafyèv jòn ki te ogmante<ref name="WHO"/><ref name="Barrett2007">{{cite journal |author=Barrett AD, Higgs S |title=Yellow fever: a disease that has yet to be conquered |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=209–29 |year=2007 |pmid=16913829 |doi=10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091454 |issn=0066-4170}}</ref>. Sa a se paske kèk moun ki iminitè a, plis moun ap viv nan vil yo, ak moun ki deplase souvan.<ref name="WHO"/> Maladi sa a te soti nan Lafrik di. Li Lè sa a, gaye nan Amerik di Sid nan ane 1600 yo<ref name="Oldstone2009"/>. ==Siy ak sentòm== Lafyèv jòn kòmanse apre yon peryòd enkubasyon nan twa a sis jou<ref name="CDCsymptoms">{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/symptoms/index.html |title=CDC: Yellow fever—Symptoms and treatment |accessdate=2010-11-10}}</ref>. Pifò ka sèlman lakòz yon ti enfeksyon ak lafyèv, maltèt, frison, doulè nan do, fatig, pèdi apeti, doulè nan misk, kè plen, ak vomisman. Nan ka sa yo, enfeksyon an dire sèlman twa a kat jou. Nan 15 pousan nan ka, sepandan, gen kèk moun ki antre nan yon dezyèm, faz toksik nan maladi a ak renouvlab lafyèv, tan sa a te akonpaye pa lajònis akòz domaj nan fwa, osi byen ke doulè nan vant. Senyen nan bouch la, je yo, ak [aparèy la gastwoentestinal pral lakòz [[ematemèz|vomi ki gen san]], kon sa non-an Panyòl pou lafyèv jòn, '' vomito nwa '' ('vomi nwa')<ref name="pmid14582304">{{cite journal |author=Chastel C |trans-title=Centenary of the discovery of yellow fever virus and its transmission by a mosquito (Cuba 1900–1901) |language=fr |journal=Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique |volume=96 |issue=3 |pages=250–256 |date=2003 |pmid=14582304 |doi= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419180219/www.pathexo.fr/documents/articles-bull/T96-3-DK0.pdf |url=http://www.pathexo.fr/documents/articles-bull/T96-3-DK0.pdf |archive-date=19 avril 2016 |title=Le centenaire de la découverte du virus de la fièvre jaune et de sa transmission par un moustique (Cuba 1900–1901)}}</ref>. ==Sitasyon== {{reflist|30em}} [[Kategori:Maladi]] [[Kategori:Medsin]] hu88vnuajadkbt1k4u6i4jhjb4etpbz 0 65904 867909 866957 2025-05-31T06:39:15Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox Pèsonalite politik |charte=Chef d'État |non=Emmanuel Macron |lejand=Emmanuel Macron. |fonksyon 1=[[Prezidan Repiblik Frans]] | depi fonksyon1 = 14 me 2017<br><small>({{durée|14|5|2017}})</small> | a pati fonksyon1 = | jiska fonksyon1 = | eleksyon1 = [[Eleksyon prezidansyèl franse an 2017|7 mai 2017]] <br>[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl franse an 2022|24 avril 2022]] | reeleksyon1 = | premye minis 1 = [[Édouard Philippe]]<br>[[Jean Castex]]<br>[[Élisabeth Borne]] <br>[[Gabriel Attal]] <br>[[Michel Barnier]]<br>[[François Bayrou]] | predesesè 1 = [[François Hollande]] |domèn= |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[21 desanm]] [[1977]] |lye nesans= Amiens |peyi nesans=[[Frans]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite=Franse |relijyon=[[Anyotisis|Anyotik]]<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Emmanuel Macron, un agnostique baptisé |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2018/06/25/01016-20180625ARTFIG00320-emmanuel-macron-un-agnostique-baptise.php |date=25 juin 2018 |périodique=[[Le Figaro]] |consulté le=30 avril 2024 |auteur=Jean-Marie Guénois}}.</ref> |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |konjwen = [[Brigitte Macron|Brigitte Trogneux]] |omaj= |rekonpans= | anblèm = Coat of arms of the French Republic.svg |siyati=Signature de Emmanuel MACRON.svg|imaj=Emmanuel Macron.jpg|reeleksyon 1=}} '''Emmanuel Macron''' ({{MSAPI|[ɛmanɥɛl makʁɔ̃]}}<ref group="alpha">[[Prononciation du français|Prononciation]] en [[français de France]] [[Transcription phonétique|retranscrite]] selon la [[Alphabet phonétique international|norme API]].</ref> {{pwononsyasyon|LL-Q150 (fra)-Fabricio Cardenas (Culex)-Emmanuel Macron.wav}}), (ki fèt [[21 desanm]] [[1977]]), se yon [[politisyen]] [[franse]]. Se 25e [[Prezidan Repiblik Frans|Prezidan Frans]] depi 14 me [[2017]]. Anvan li antre nan politik, Emmanuel Macron travay kom enspektè finans epi li rantre nan bank Rothschild kote li travay tankou yon bankye biznis. Li fè anpil siksè nan plizyè tranzaksyon enpotan. An 2014, li nonmen Minis Ekonomi, Endistri ak Nimerik, kote li lanse refòm pou ankouraje envestisman etranje ak fleksibilite ekonomik. An 2016, Emmanuel Macron kreye [[mouvman politik]] "[[Sant dwa (Frans)|En Marche]] !", ki kanpe nan sant politik la. Li genyen eleksyon prezidansyèl 2017 kont [[Marine Le Pen]] nan dezyèm tou, e li tounen pi jèn prezidan nan istwa Repiblik Lafrans. Reeli an [[Eleksyon prezidansyèl franse an 2022|2022]], manda li make pa refòm ekonomik, inisyativ anviwònman, ak yon politik ewopeyen ki anbisye. == Biyografi == === Jenès ak Edikasyon === Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frédéric Macron se pitit François Macron, yon pwofesè nèwoloji, ak Françoise Noguès, ki se yon doktè. Aprè li fin fè lekòl li nan Amiens, li ale nan prestijye lekòl Henri-IV nan [[Pari]] avan li kontinye etid li nan Sciences Po, nan Inivèsite Paris-Nanterre ak nan ENA (Ecole Nationale d’Administration), kote li diplome an 2004. <ref>{{Lien web|auteur=Jean-Louis Beaucarnot |titre=Les origines d’Emmanuel Macron |url=https://www.rfgenealogie.com/infos/les-origines-d-emmanuel-macron |site=[[La Revue française de généalogie]] |date=2017-05-03 |consulté le=2023-09-06}}.</ref>. === Karyè Pwofesyonèl === Anvan li antre nan politik, Emmanuel Macron travay kom enspektè finans epi li rantre nan bank Rothschild kote li travay tankou yon bankye biznis. Li fè anpil siksè nan plizyè tranzaksyon enpotan. An 2014, li nonmen Minis Ekonomi, Endistri ak Nimerik, kote li lanse refòm pou ankouraje envestisman etranje ak fleksibilite ekonomik. === Prezidans Repiblik la === An 2016, Emmanuel Macron kreye mouvman politik "En Marche!", ki kanpe nan sant politik la. Li genyen eleksyon prezidansyèl 2017 kont Marine Le Pen nan dezyèm tou, e li tounen pi jèn prezidan nan istwa Repiblik Lafrans. Reeli an 2022, manda li make pa refòm ekonomik, inisyativ anviwònman, ak yon politik ewopeyen ki anbisye. === Lavi Pèsonèl === Emmanuel Macron marye ak Brigitte Trogneux depi 2007. Relasyon yo, ki make pa yon gwo diferans laj, te atire atansyon medya yo men li konsidere tankou yon senbòl modènite ak endepandans. == Nòt ak Referans == === Nòt === {{Références|group="alpha"}} === Referans === {{Références}} == Gade tou == {{Lòt pwojè | wikiquote = Emmanuel Macron | commons = Category:Emmanuel Macron }} == Lyen deyò == {{liens}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Macron, Emmanuel}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Politisyen]] [[Kategori:Politisyen franse]] [[Kategori:Prezidan Frans]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1977]] aagj4jlug1ejezr1en3h2522pd45asi 0 65955 867914 811235 2025-05-31T07:57:13Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mizisyen |non=Johnny Hallyday |foto=Johnny_Hallyday_avp_2014 (cropped).jpg |tèks= Johnny Hallyday an 2014 |fonksyon=[[chantè]], [[konpozitè]] ak [[aktè]] |dat nesans= [[15 jen]] [[1943]] |lye nesans= [[Pari]] |peyi nesans=[[Frans]] |dat lanmò= [[5 desanm]] [[2017]] |lye lanmò= Marnes-la-Coquette |peyi lanmò= [[Frans]] |nasyonalite=franse |gwoup= |mizik= |enstriman= [[vwa]], [[gita]] }} '''Jean-Philippe Smet''', rele '''Johnny Hallyday''', se yon [[chantè]], [[konpozitè]] ak [[aktè]] franse, ki fèt [[15 jen]] [[1943]] nan [[Pari]] epi ki mouri [[5 desanm]] [[2017]] nan Marnes-la-Coquette. Pandan karyè li, li se youn nan [[mizisyen]] ki pi popilè Frankofoni ak youn nan pèsonalite ki pi enpòtan nan medya franse. Nan moman lanmò li, lavant de disk li yo te konte 110 milyon kopi. Li te resevwa 5 disk dyaman, 40 disk [[lò]], 22 disk platinum ak 10 Viktwa mizik. == Biyografi == == Lavi fanmi == === Relasyon ak papa li === Li te fèt nan yon papa Bèlj ak yon manman franse, li te chwazi nasyonalite fransèz. Li rankontre papa l', Léon Smet, la pou premye fwa pandan sèvis militè li. === Sylvie Vartan === [[Fichye:Sylvie Vartan (1966) by Erling Mandelmann.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|[[Sylvie Vartan]], madanm li soti 1965 a 1980 ak manman pitit gason l lan, [[David Hallyday]].]] Sou 12 avril 1965, Sylvie Vartan ak Johnny Hallyday marye nan Loconville, nan Oise. Yo te rankontre dèyè sèn yo, nan "L' Olympia" an 1962.<ref>{{cite web |format=video |url=http://www.lepoint.fr/culture/johnny-et-les-femmes-06-12-2017-2177635_3.php |title=Sylvie, Nathalie, Adeline, Læticia… les femmes de Johnny |editor=Marc Fourny |publisher=lepoint.fr |date=6 desanm 2017 |access-date=8 desanm 2017}}</ref> Pitit gason yo, [[David Hallyday|David Smet]], te fèt an 14 out 1966. Apre 15 ane nan maryaj ak yon lavi ajite ansanm, avèk separasyon ak rekonsilyasyon, koup la divòse sou 5 novanm 1980. === Babeth Étienne === Johnny Hallyday marye Elizabeth Étienne, rele Babeth, sou 1ye desanm 1981, nan Beverly Hills. Mariaj yo te kout, depi yo separe sou 3 fevriye 1982. === Nathalie Baye === [[Fichye:BAYE Nathalie-24x30-1994b.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|[[Nathalie Baye]], manman pitit fi li [[Laura Smet]].]] Pandan yon emisyon reyalize pa Carpentier, an 1982, Johnny jwe avèk aktris [[Nathalie Baye]], ''Quoi de neuf ma jolie'', yon sketch ekri pa [[Philippe Labro]]. Yo te ansanm, Johnny Hallyday abandone mond lannwit lan pou yon lavi trankil nan L'Etang-la-Ville, kote yo achte yon kay. Pitit fi yo, [[Laura Smet]] te fèt sou 15 novanm 1983, nan Neuilly-sur-Seine. Yo separe nan mwa mas 1986. === Adeline Blondieau === Sou 9 jiyè 1990, nan Ramatuelle, Johnny marye [[Adeline Blondieau]], pitit fi zanmi Chris Long li. An menm ane, chantè a antreprann konstriksyon yon Villa, ki li rele "Lorada", kontraksyon nan non pitit li yo, Laura ak David. Yo divòse sou 11 jen 1992, remarye sou 19 avril 1994, nan Las Vegas. Yo divòse yon dezyèm fwa sou 9 me 1995. === Laeticia Hallyday === [[Fichye:Laeticia Hallyday Cannes 2009.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|[[Laeticia Hallyday]], madanm li soti 1996 jika lanmò]] Johnny Hallyday rankontre Laeticia Boudou, yon modèl 32 ane nan jinyò li, sou 25 mas 1995, nan [[Miyami]], nan yon diskotèk de André Boudou, papa Laeticia. Yon ane pita, yo marye nan Neuilly-sur-Seine pa majistra komin lan, [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]. Laeticia te esteril. Nan novanm 2004 ak desanm 2008, yo adopte de jèn fi ki gen orijin Vyetnamyen : Jade Smet (ki fèt Bùi Thị Hoà an 3 out 2004) epi Joy Smet (ki fèt Maï Hường an 27 jyè 2008). == Zèv li yo == === Siksè mizik ak popilarite === ==== Diskografi ak chanson ==== Johnny Hallyday, nan 57 ane karyè, te vann 110 milyon disk<ref>http://www.ledauphine.com/france-monde/2017/12/06/ecoutez-les-plus-grands-succes-de-johnny-hallyday / vi 15 desanm 2017</ref>{{,}}<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20171216091213/http://guineesignal.com/johnny-hallyday-est-mort-lidole-aux-110-millions-de-disques-vendus/ vi 15 desanm 2017</ref>, li anrejistre plis pase 1000 tit, avèk [[Lis tit konpoze pa Johnny Hallyday|yon santèn nan konpozisyon l' yo]], pou yon diskografi ofisyèl ki konte 50 albòm studiyo, 27 albòm live. An reyalite 34, li gen tou 7 albòm lòt anrejistre nan piblik rete non pibliye pou anpil ane, cf : [[Diskografi Johnny Hallyday]] ak 165 singles. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0002776/ Johnny Hallyday] sou IMDb * [http://johnnyhallyday.com/ Pajwèb ofisyèl Johnny Hallyday] * [https://www.discogs.com/artist/Johnny+Hallyday Johnny Hallyday] sou Discogs {{DEFAULTSORT:Hallyday, Johnny}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Chantè franse]] [[Kategori:Mizisyen franse]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1943]] [[Kategori:lanmò 2017]] dr8kcnllz5fwc5117hxtw9bvhv5lgrx 867915 867914 2025-05-31T07:58:10Z Diego Agado 34785 867915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mizisyen |non=Johnny Hallyday |foto=Johnny_Hallyday_avp_2014 (cropped).jpg |tèks= Johnny Hallyday an 2014 |fonksyon=[[chantè]], [[konpozitè]] ak [[aktè]] |dat nesans= [[15 jen]] [[1943]] |lye nesans= [[Pari]] |peyi nesans=[[Frans]] |dat lanmò= [[5 desanm]] [[2017]] |lye lanmò= Marnes-la-Coquette |peyi lanmò= [[Frans]] |nasyonalite=franse |gwoup= |mizik= |enstriman= [[vwa]], [[gita]] }} '''Jean-Philippe Smet''', rele '''Johnny Hallyday''', se yon [[chantè]], [[konpozitè]] ak [[aktè]] franse, ki fèt [[15 jen]] [[1943]] nan [[Pari]] epi ki mouri [[5 desanm]] [[2017]] nan Marnes-la-Coquette. Pandan karyè li, li se youn nan [[mizisyen]] ki pi popilè Frankofoni ak youn nan pèsonalite ki pi enpòtan nan medya franse. Nan moman lanmò li, lavant de disk li yo te konte 110 milyon kopi. Li te resevwa 5 disk dyaman, 40 disk [[lò]], 22 disk platinum ak 10 Viktwa mizik. == Biyografi == == Lavi fanmi == === Relasyon ak papa li === Li te fèt nan yon papa Bèlj ak yon manman franse, li te chwazi nasyonalite fransèz. Li rankontre papa l', Léon Smet, la pou premye fwa pandan sèvis militè li. === Sylvie Vartan === [[Fichye:Sylvie Vartan (1966) by Erling Mandelmann.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|[[Sylvie Vartan]], madanm li soti 1965 a 1980 ak manman pitit gason l lan, [[David Hallyday]].]] Sou 12 avril 1965, Sylvie Vartan ak Johnny Hallyday marye nan Loconville, nan Oise. Yo te rankontre dèyè sèn yo, nan "L' Olympia" an 1962.<ref>{{cite web |format=video |url=http://www.lepoint.fr/culture/johnny-et-les-femmes-06-12-2017-2177635_3.php |title=Sylvie, Nathalie, Adeline, Læticia… les femmes de Johnny |editor=Marc Fourny |publisher=lepoint.fr |date=6 desanm 2017 |access-date=8 desanm 2017}}</ref> Pitit gason yo, [[David Hallyday|David Smet]], te fèt an 14 out 1966. Apre 15 ane nan maryaj ak yon lavi ajite ansanm, avèk separasyon ak rekonsilyasyon, koup la divòse sou 5 novanm 1980. === Babeth Étienne === Johnny Hallyday marye Elizabeth Étienne, rele Babeth, sou 1ye desanm 1981, nan Beverly Hills. Mariaj yo te kout, depi yo separe sou 3 fevriye 1982. === Nathalie Baye === [[Fichye:BAYE Nathalie-24x30-1994b.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|[[Nathalie Baye]], manman pitit fi li [[Laura Smet]].]] Pandan yon emisyon reyalize pa Carpentier, an 1982, Johnny jwe avèk aktris [[Nathalie Baye]], ''Quoi de neuf ma jolie'', yon sketch ekri pa [[Philippe Labro]]. Yo te ansanm, Johnny Hallyday abandone mond lannwit lan pou yon lavi trankil nan L'Etang-la-Ville, kote yo achte yon kay. Pitit fi yo, [[Laura Smet]] te fèt sou 15 novanm 1983, nan Neuilly-sur-Seine. Yo separe nan mwa mas 1986. === Adeline Blondieau === Sou 9 jiyè 1990, nan Ramatuelle, Johnny marye [[Adeline Blondieau]], pitit fi zanmi Chris Long li. An menm ane, chantè a antreprann konstriksyon yon Villa, ki li rele "Lorada", kontraksyon nan non pitit li yo, Laura ak David. Yo divòse sou 11 jen 1992, remarye sou 19 avril 1994, nan Las Vegas. Yo divòse yon dezyèm fwa sou 9 me 1995. === Laeticia Hallyday === [[Fichye:Laeticia Hallyday Cannes 2009.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|[[Laeticia Hallyday]], madanm li soti 1996 jika lanmò]] Johnny Hallyday rankontre Laeticia Boudou, yon modèl 32 ane nan jinyò li, sou 25 mas 1995, nan [[Miyami]], nan yon diskotèk de André Boudou, papa Laeticia. Yon ane pita, yo marye nan Neuilly-sur-Seine pa majistra komin lan, [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]. Laeticia te esteril. Nan novanm 2004 ak desanm 2008, yo adopte de jèn fi ki gen orijin Vyetnamyen : Jade Smet (ki fèt Bùi Thị Hoà an 3 out 2004) epi Joy Smet (ki fèt Maï Hường an 27 jyè 2008). == Zèv li yo == === Siksè mizik ak popilarite === ==== Diskografi ak chanson ==== Johnny Hallyday, nan 57 ane karyè, te vann 110 milyon disk<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ledauphine.com/france-monde/2017/12/06/ecoutez-les-plus-grands-succes-de-johnny-hallyday|title=MUSIQUE. Ecoutez les plus grands succès de Johnny Hallyday|date=2017-12-06|language=FR-fr|access-date=2025-05-31}}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20171216091213/http://guineesignal.com/johnny-hallyday-est-mort-lidole-aux-110-millions-de-disques-vendus/ vi 15 desanm 2017</ref>, li anrejistre plis pase 1000 tit, avèk [[Lis tit konpoze pa Johnny Hallyday|yon santèn nan konpozisyon l' yo]], pou yon diskografi ofisyèl ki konte 50 albòm studiyo, 27 albòm live. An reyalite 34, li gen tou 7 albòm lòt anrejistre nan piblik rete non pibliye pou anpil ane, cf : [[Diskografi Johnny Hallyday]] ak 165 singles. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0002776/ Johnny Hallyday] sou IMDb * [http://johnnyhallyday.com/ Pajwèb ofisyèl Johnny Hallyday] * [https://www.discogs.com/artist/Johnny+Hallyday Johnny Hallyday] sou Discogs {{DEFAULTSORT:Hallyday, Johnny}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Chantè franse]] [[Kategori:Mizisyen franse]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1943]] [[Kategori:lanmò 2017]] 1usr9dxhduuqeikirqf2mwygxo3dikb 0 66061 867978 812225 2025-06-01T05:15:59Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{aktè |non=Édith Piaf |foto=Édith Piaf 914-6440.jpg |tèks=Édith Piaf (1961) |fonksyon=chantèz, pawolyè, aktris |domèn=mizik, sinema |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans= [[19 desanm]] [[1915]] |lye nesans= [[Pari]] |peyi nesans=[[Frans]] |dat lanmò= [[10 oktòb]] [[1963]] |lye lanmò=Grasse |peyi lanmò= [[Frans]] |nasyonalite=franse |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Édith Giovanna Gassion''', rele '''Édith Piaf''', ki fèt an [[19 desanm]] [[1915]] nan [[Pari]] epi ki mouri [[10 oktòb]] [[1963]] nan Grasse nan [[Frans]], se yon [[Chantè|chantèz]], pawolyè ak [[Aktè|aktris]] fransèz. == Biyografi == == Zèv li yo == === Diskografi === ==== Albòm ==== * [[1935]] : ''[[Les Mômes de la cloche]]'', label [[Polydor]], premye 78 tour anrejistre pa Piaf. Direktè atistik : [[Jacques Canetti]]. * Édith Piaf : ''Simple comme bonjour''/''Le vagabond'' - Polydor 524.780 (78 tour) * Édith Piaf : ''Browning''/''C’est toi le plus fort'' - Polydor 524.356 (78 tour) * Édith Piaf : ''J’ai dansé avec l’amour''/''C’est un jour de fête'' - Polydor 524.706 (78 tour) * Édith Piaf : ''Correqu’ ak reguyer''/''Entre Saint-Ouen et Billancourt'' - Polydor 524.323 (78 tour) * Les compagnons de la chanson ak Édith Piaf : ''C'est pour ça''/''Les yeux de ma mère'' - Columbia DFX247 (1947) * Les compagnons de la chanson ak Édith Piaf : ''Dans les prisons de Nantes''/''Céline'' - Columbia DF3053 (78 tour) * [[1954]] : ''De l'accordéoniste à Milord'' * [[1961]] : ''Olympia 1961'' === Fimografi === * [[1936]] : ''[[La Garçonne (fim)|La Garçonne]]'' de [[Jean de Limur]] : chantèz * [[1941]] : ''[[Montmartre-sur-Seine]]'' de [[Georges Lacombe (1902-1990)|Georges Lacombe]] : Lily * [[1946]] : ''[[Étoile sans lumière]]'' de [[Marcel Blistène]] : Madeleine * [[1948]] : ''[[Neuf garçons, un cœur]]'' de [[Georges Friedland]] : Christine * [[1952]] : ''[[Paris chante toujours]]'' de [[Pierre Montazel]] : li menm * [[1954]] : ''[[Boum sur Paris]]'' de [[Maurice de Canonge]] : li menm * 1954 : ''[[Si Versailles m'était conté]]'' de [[Sacha Guitry]] : yon fi popilè ki chante ''[[Ah ! ça ira]]'' * 1954 : ''[[French Cancan (fim, 1954)|French Cancan]]'' de [[Jean Renoir]] : [[Eugénie Buffet]] * [[1959]] : ''[[Les Amants de demain]]'' de [[Marcel Blistène]] : Simone == Piblikasyon == * 1963 : Édith Piaf, ''Ma vie'', Union générale d'éditions, Pari * 2007 : Édith Piaf, ''Au bal de la chance'', edisyon Archipoche * 2011 : Édith Piaf, ''Mon amour bleu'', edisyon Grasset ak Fasquelle == Gade tou == === Bibliyografi === ==== Temwanyaj ==== * Denise Gassion ak Robert Morcet, ''Édith Piaf secrète et publique'', Ergo press, Issy-les-Moulineaux, 1988 * Bernard Marchois, ''Édith Piaf'', Edisyon TF1, Paris, 1995 * [[Jacqueline Cartier]], Hugues Vassal, ''Édith et Thérèse, la Sainte et la Pécheresse'', Edisyon Anne Carrière, Pari, 1999 * Marcel Cerdan jr., ''Édith Piaf et moi'', Edisyon Flammarion, Pari, 2000 * Édith Piaf ak Marcel Cerdan, ''Moi pour toi - Lettres d'amour'', Edisyon Le Cherche Midi, Pari, 2002 * Ginou Richer, ''Mon amie Édith Piaf'', Instantané Éditions, Pari, 2004 ==== Biyografi ==== * 1962 : Pierre Hiégel, ''Édith Piaf'', Edisyon l'Heure, Monako * 1969 : Simone Berteaut, ''Piaf'', ‭resi, Edisyon [[Robert Laffont]], Pari, (reedisyon 1993‭), 462‭ paj * [[1980]] : [[Auguste Le Breton]], ''[[La Môme Piaf]]'', woman biyografik, Edisyon [[Hachette Liv|Hachette]]. Daprè souveni Ginou Richer. * 1983 : William Laurent, ''Édith Piaf'', ‭F.‭ Loucrani, koleksyon Numero‭ 1,‭ Pari,‭ 114‭ paj * 1985 : Margaret Crosland, ''Piaf'', ‭Edisyon Hodder and Stoughton, ‭ Lond,‭ 240‭ paj * 1988 : {{en}} David Bret, ‭''The Piaf Legend‭'', ‭Robson Books, Lond,‭ 188‭ paj * 1993 : Marc ak [[Danielle Bonel]] ''Édith Piaf, le temps d'une vie'', [[Edisyon Fallois]], 344 paj, {{ISBN|2877061892}}, {{ISBN|978-2-87706-189-6}} * 1993 : Dominique Grimault ak Patrick‭ Mahé, ‭''Piaf-Cerdan :‭ un hymne à l'amour, 1946-1949'', Edisyon la Seine, Pari * 1993 : Louis Valentin, ‭''Piaf'', Edisyon‭ [[Plon]], Pari * 1993 : André Larue, ‭''Édith Piaf, l'amour toujours'', Edisyon Michel Lafon, Paris,‭ 119‭ paj * 1993 : [[Jean Noli]], ‭''Piaf secrète'', ‭Edisyon L'Archipel, Pari,‭ 218‭ paj (reedisyon‭ 2003‭) * 1995 : Pierre Duclos et Georges Martin, ''Piaf'', [[Edisyon du Seuil]], 1995 (reedisyon), 544 paj, {{ISBN|2-0202-3916-7}} * 1995 : Sophie Troubac, ‭''Édith Piaf, ‭l'hymne à l'amour'', Edisyon Sauret, Monaco,‭ 237‭ paj * 1999 : Frédéric Perroud, ''Marcel Cerdan-Édith Piaf‭ :‭ le bel amour'', Edisyon Acropole, Pari, 166‭ paj * [[2000]] : Stan Cuesta (prefas [[François Hadji-Lazaro]]), ''Édith Piaf'', [[Edisyon J'ai lu]]/[[Librio|Librio Musique]] nimewo 384, [[Pari]], {{ISBN|2-2903-0639-8}} * ‭2003 : François Levy, ‭''Passion Édith Piaf la môme de Paris'', Edisyon Textuel, Pari,‭ 192‭ paj * ‭2003 : Jean-Dominique Brierre, ''Édith Piaf :‭ « Sans amour on n'est rien du tout »'', Edisyon Hors collection, Pari,‭ 167‭ paj * ‭2003 : David Lelait-Helo, ''Sur un air de Piaf'', ‭ [[Edisyon Payot]], Pari, ‭331‭ paj * 2000 : Marcel Cerdan Jr., ''Piaf et moi'', Edisyon‭ [[Flammarion]], Frans,‭ 321 paj * 2008 : Emmanuel Bonini, ''Piaf, la vérité'', [[Pygmalion (edisyon)|Pygmalion]], 420 paj * 2008 : [[Frédéric Quinonero]], ''Édith Piaf, le temps d'illuminer'', prefas [[Fred Mella]], Edisyon Didier Carpentier, 256 pagj * 2010 : Gilles Durieux, Anthony Berrot, ak Jean-Paul Mazillie, ''Piaf, de la Môme à Édith : documents inédits'', Le Cherche Midi, Pari * 2013 : Robert Belleret ''Piaf, un mythe français'' biyografi, Edisyon Fayard, 800 paj * 2013 : Bernard Lonjon, ''Piaf-Cocteau, la môme et le poète'', L'Archipel, 210 paj * 2015 : Bernard Lonjon, ''Édith et ses hommes'', Edisyon du moment, 292 paj * 2015 : Robert Belleret, ''Édith Piaf, vivre pour chanter'', liv-objè, Gründ ==== Esè ==== * [[2007]] : ''L'Homme à la moto, le chef-d'œuvre de Piaf'' pa [[Stan Cuesta]], Edisyon Scali, koleksyon « L'authentique histoire de la chanson » (ilistre), [[Pari]], {{ISBN|2-3501-2126-7}} == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm681191/ Édith Piaf] sou IMDB * [http://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ead.html?id=FRBNFEAD000012426&qid=sdx_q0 Enventè fon Édith Piaf nan departman ar espektak Bibliyotèk nasyonal Frans] * [http://gw0.geneanet.org/antoine0667?lang=fr;pz=marcelle;nz=dupont;ocz=0;p=edith+giovanna;n=gassion;m=A;t=T;v=5;full=on Jenealoji Édith Piaf], ''Généalogie Magazine'', numero 233, janvye 2004, p.30-36 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160923112734/http://www.museedeslettres.fr/ Lèt ak maniscri Édith Piaf] nan [http://www.museedeslettres.fr Mize Lèt ak maniscri Pari] * [http://www.cineressources.net/recherche_t_r.php?type=PNP&pk=46901 14 fim lye Édith Piaf] sou Ciné-Ressources.net {{DEFAULTSORT:Piaf, Édith}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè teyat]] [[Kategori:Aktè franse]] [[Kategori:Chantè]] [[Kategori:Chantè franse]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1915]] [[Kategori:lanmò 1963]] 2by67m1qqgiupsasmzh9u6g16rbe2sm 0 66381 867945 735252 2025-06-01T04:10:12Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Salvatore Adamo |foto=Salvatore Adamo.jpg |tèks=Salvatore Adamo (2007) |fonksyon=Chantè |domèn=Mizik |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[1e novanm]] [[1943]] |lye nesans=Comiso, [[Sisil]] |peyi nesans=[[Itali]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite= bèlj |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Salvatore Adamo''', ki fèt [[1e novanm]] [[1943]] nan Comiso nan [[Sisil]] ([[Itali]]), se yon chantè otè-konpozitè [[Bèljik|bèlj]] orijin italyen. == Biyografi == == Zèv li yo == === Diskografi === ==== Senp ==== *1963 : ''[[Pathé]]'', EA 664 pita EGF 680 ** Face A : ''En blue jeans et blouson d'cuir'' / ''Laissons dire'' ** Face B : ''Fais-toi croque-mort'' / ''Sans toi, ma mie'' *1963 : ''Pathé'', EG 666 ** Face A : ''Amour perdu'' / ''J'aime une fleur'' ** Face B : ''Crier ton nom'' / ''N'est-ce pas merveilleux'' *1964 : ''[[La voix de son maître]]'', EGF 683 ** Face A : ''Tombe la neige'' / ''J'ai raté le coche'' ** Face B : ''Car je veux'' / ''Le train va'' *1964 : ''La Voix de son maître'', EGF 699 ** Face A : ''Quand les roses'' / ''J'étais tout autre'' ** Face B : ''Si Jamais'' / ''J'ai pas d'mandé la vie'' * 1964 : ''La Voix de son maître'', EGF 740 **Face A : ''Vous permettez, Monsieur ?'' / ''Ballade à la pluie'' **Face B : ''Dans le vert de ses yeux'' / ''Ma tête'' *1964 : ''La Voix de son maître'', EGF 757 ** Face A : ''Les filles du bord de mer'' / ''Le grand jeu'' ** Face B : ''Dolce Paola'' / ''A vot' bon cœur'' *1965 : ''La Voix de son maître'', EGF 800 ** Face A : ''La nuit'' / ''Mauvais garçon'' ** Face B : ''Elle...'' / ''Petit camarade'' *1965 : ''La Voix de son maître'', EGF 827 ** Face A : ''Mes mains sur tes hanches'' / ''Grand-père... Grand-mère'' ** Face B : ''Viens, ma brune'' / ''Le barbu sans barbe'' *1965 : ''La Voix de son maître'', EGF 858 ** Face A : ''J'aime'' / ''Chanson en rondelles'' ** Face B : ''Comme toujours'' / ''Ceux que j'aime'' *1966 : ''La Voix de son maître'', EGF 869 ** Face A : ''Une mèche de cheveux'' / ''La complainte des élus'' ** Face B : ''Sonnet pour notre amour'' / ''Princesses et bergères'' *1966 : ''La Voix de son maître'', EGF 887 ** Face A : ''Elle était belle pourtant'' / ''Tu me reviens'' ** Face B : ''Ton nom'' / ''Du soleil, du boulot'' *1966 : ''La Voix de son maître'', EGF 939 ** Face A : ''En bandouillère'' / ''On n'a plus le droit'' ** Face B : ''Que le temps s'arrête'' / ''Tenez vous bien'' *1967 : ''La Voix de son maître'', EGF 957 ** Face A : ''Inch' Allah'' ** Face B : ''Sont-ce vos bijoux ?'' / ''Je vous offre'' *1967 : ''La Voix de son maître'', EGF 977 ** Face A : ''Notre roman'' / ''Ensemble'' ** Face B : ''On se bat toujours quelque part'' / ''Dans ma hotte'' *1967 : ''La Voix de son maître'', EGF 988 ** Face A : ''Le néon'' / ''Vivre'' ** Face B : ''Une larme aux nuages'' / ''Dis, ma muse'' *1967 : ''La Voix de son maître'', EGF 1000 ** Face A : ''J'ai tant de rêves dans mes bagages'' / ''Mademoiselle vous'' ** Face B : ''L'amour te ressemble'' / ''Histoire de clou'' *1968 : ''La Voix de son maître'', VF 511 ** Face A : ''Le ruisseau de mon enfance'' ** Face B : ''Il y a juste un an'' *1968 : ''La Voix de son maître'', EGF 1022 ** Face A : ''Valse d'été'' / ''Et sur la mer'' ** Face B : ''F.... comme femme'' * 1968 : ''La Voix de son Maître'', EGF 1025 **Face A : ''Pauvre Verlaine'' **Face B : ''Quand passent les Gitans'' / ''Les amours de journaux'' *1969 : ''La Voix de son Maître'', VFHS 524/5 **Face A : ''Les gratte-ciel'' / ''Dans ton sommeil'' **Face B : ''Tu ne le sauras pas'' / ''Le Taureau et l'enfant'' *1969 : ''La Voix de son Maître'', 2C016 23043 **Face A : ''A demain sur la lune'' / ''Et vous n'écoutez pas'' **Face B : ''Le Carrosse d'or'' / ''De qui as-tu peur imbécile ?'' ==== Albòm studyo ==== * 1963 : ''Chansons non commerciales'' (Bèljik) * 1964 : ''Tombe la neige'' * 1964 : ''Vous permettez, Monsieur ?'' ([[Kanada]]) * 1964 : ''Mes 21 ans'' (Kanada) * 1965 : ''[[Adamo Volume 2]]'' ([[Frans]]) * 1967 : ''Notre roman'' (Kanada) * 1967 : ''Ton nom'' (Canada) * 1968 : ''J'ai tant de rêves dans mes bagages'' * 1968 : ''Chansons pour l'été'' (Kanada) * 1969 : ''[[Petit Bonheur]]'' * 1971 : ''Chansons de mes seize ans'' (reedisyon Emidisc) * 1972 : ''Quand tu reviendras'' * 1973 : ''A ceux qui rêvent encore'' * 1975 : ''Mademoiselle attendez'' (Kanada) avèk 7 inedi * 1975 : ''Jusqu'à l'amour'' * 1976 : ''Voyage jusqu'à toi'' * 1977 : ''Et on chantait'' * 1979 : ''Pauvre Liberté'' * 1981 : ''Printemps sous la neige'' ([[Japon]]) avèk 6 inedi * 1982 : ''Puzzle'' * 1986 : ''Autre chose'' (Bèljik) doub albòm RCA Ariola / Charles Talar * 1987 : ''Avec des si'' * 1989 : ''Sur la route des étoiles'' * 1992 : ''Rêveur de fond'' * 1995 : ''La Vie comme elle passe'' * 1998 : ''Regards'' * 2001 : ''Par les temps qui courent'' * 2003 : ''Zanzibar'' * 2007 : ''La Part de l'ange'' * 2008 : ''[[Le Bal des gens bien]]'' (an duo avèk 18 chantè) * 2010 : ''De toi à moi'' * 2012 : ''La Grande Roue'' * 2014 : ''Adamo chante Bécaud'' * 2016 : ''L'amour n'a jamais tort'' * 2018 : ''Si vous saviez...'' ==== Albòm an òt lang ==== * 1981 : ''Aquellas manos en tu cintura'' ([[panyòl]]) * 1986 : ''Buscador de oro'' ([[panyòl]]) * 1988 : ''I successi'' (italyen) * 1988 : ''Seine Grossen Erfolge'' (alman) * 1990 : ''Las mejores canciones'' ([[panyòl]]) * 1990 : ''Canto all'amore'' (italyen) * 1998 : ''Simplemente lo mejor'' ([[panyòl]]) * 1998 : ''I successi di Adamo - Volume 1'' (italyen) * 1998 : ''I successi di Adamo - Volume 2'' (italyen) * 1999 : ''Canta l'Italia'' (italyen) * 1999 : ''Single Hits'' (alman, italyen) * 2003 : ''So Bin Ich, Das Beste'' (alman) * 2003 : ''Lo mejor de...48 - Grandes éxitos'' ([[panyòl]]) * 2004 : ''En Chile - Live'' ([[panyòl]]) * 2004 : ''24 Grandes éxitos en castellano'' ([[panyòl]]) * 2005 : ''Mis manos en tu cintura'' ([[panyòl]]) * 2005 : ''Studio Collection'' (italyen) * 2006 : ''Voces del amor'' ([[panyòl]]) * 2011 : ''All the Best'' (alman) * 2011 : ''30 Grandes de'' (franse, italyen, [[panyòl]]) ==== Albòm live ==== * 1965 : ''Adamo à l'Olympia'' * 1967 : ''Olympia 67'' * 1968 : ''À la place des Arts de Montréal'' (Kanada) * 1969 : ''Olympia 69'' * 1969 : ''Adamo in Japan'' * 1970 : ''Adamo in Deutschland : Live-Konzert aus der Philharmonie in Berlin'' (doub albòm) * 1971 : ''Olympia 71'' * 1972 : ''Live in Japan 72'' * 1974 : ''Live in Japan 74'' * 1977 : ''Olympia 77''(CBS) * 1981 : ''Live au Théâtre des Champs-Élysées 80''(Teldec Allemagne Import EMI) (doub albòm) * 1982 : ''Japan Concert 81'' avèk Koral Echo ak String Orchestra (doub albòm, disk Victor) * 1984 : ''Japan Best Selection'', remiks studyo 20 tit albòm presedan * 1992 : ''Live in Japan'' (EMI Toshiba Japan) CD / DVD * 1992 : ''À l'Olympia'' (Collection Or, Sony International) : ''Olympia 77'' + 4 tit stidyo * 1994 : ''C'est ma vie : Le Meilleur d'Adamo en public'', anrejistre nan "théâtre royal de Mons" (double CD, Flarenasch / Carrère) 34 tit * 1994 : ''Symphonic' Adamo'', anrejistre nan Liège an 22 avril 1994 (SA Music) * 1994 : ''C'est ma vie - Enregistrement public'' (Flarenasch / Carrère France) 18 tit * 1998 : ''Best Of - Le Meilleur en public'' (Wagram France) * 2002 : ''À l'Olympia'' (Wagram France) * 2004 : ''Un soir au Zanzibar'', anrejistre nan "Cirque royal de Bruxelles" (double CD et DVD, Polydor) * 2004 : ''En Vivo, Estadio Chile'', anrejistre nan Chili an 2003 (double albòm EMI an panyòl) ==== Konpilation ==== * 1962 : ''Adamo'', ({{unité|25|cm}}, Polydor) * 1967: ''The Hits of Adamo'', HMV Royaume-Uni (CLP 3601) * 1968: ''The Number One Continental Singer'', MFP Royaume-Uni (MFP Stereo 1332) * 1978 : ''Les chansons d'où je viens'' avèk "orchestre philharmonique de Toulouse" (CBS) nouveaux arrangements de Roger Loubet ak Franck Fiévez * 1993 : ''30 ans'' ses 20 plus grandes chansons nouveaux enregistrements CARRERE/WEA * 1993 : ''Paroles et Musique'' 1979-1991, (AMC Belgique) avèk inedi * 2002 : ''Mes plus belles chansons d'amour'' 1979-1994 (double CD Atoll / Sony) avec inédits * 2002 : ''Les Mots de l'âme'' (3CD EMI) * 2003 : ''C'est ma vie : L'Intégrale 1963/1975'' (12 premye album EMI) * 2003 : ''C'est ma vie'' (3CD EMI) avèk inedi ak vèsyon etranjè * 2005 : ''Platinium Collection'' (3CD EMI) avèk 2 inedi === Fim === * 1967 : ''[[Les Arnaud]]'' de [[Léo Joannon]] : André Arnaud * 1969 : ''[[L'Ardoise (fim)|L'Ardoise]]'' de [[Claude Bernard-Aubert]] : Philippe * 1970 : ''[[L'Île aux coquelicots|L'Île au coquelicot]]'' de Salvatore Adamo ak [[Eddy Matalon]] : Emmanuel * 2003 : ''[[Laisse tes mains sur mes hanches]]'' de [[Chantal Lauby]] : li menm * 2006-2008 : ''Melting-pot café'' de [[Jean-Pierre Goossens]] : li menm * [[2012]] : ''[[Lili David]]'' de [[Christophe Barraud (reyalizatè)|Christophe Barraud]] : li menm * [[2017]] : ''[[Les Chamois]]'' : li menm == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [http://www.adamosalvatore-dc.com/ Pajwèb ofisyèl Salvatore Adamo] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adamo, Salvatore}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè bèlj]] [[Kategori:Chantè]] [[Kategori:Chantè bèlj]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1943]] t4k56juqktv20q09cvlhonki86iqno8 3 67450 867996 867845 2025-06-01T16:15:05Z HalikhSovar78 35705 /* Kanasa */ nouvelle section 867996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Achiv auto | recherche = oui | âge = 90 jou }} == Modèl:Refsou == Is [[Modèl:Refsou]] the same as [[w:en:Template:Citation needed]]? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 19 jiyè 2024 à 17:14 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], Of course they are the same, and it is copied from the French version with translation into Haitian Creole [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 01:37 (UTC) ::So the same as [[Modèl:Referans nesesè]]? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 02:56 (UTC) == Thank You for Your Contribution to Feminism and Folklore 2024! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|center|500px]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikimedian, We extend our sincerest gratitude to you for making an extraordinary impact in the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition. Your remarkable dedication and efforts have been instrumental in bridging cultural and gender gaps on Wikipedia. We are truly grateful for the time and energy you've invested in this endeavor. As a token of our deep appreciation, we'd love to send you a special postcard. It serves as a small gesture to convey our immense thanks for your involvement in organizing the competition. To ensure you receive this token of appreciation, kindly fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeHYAhFA9Q5vUs9UA1N45TOUxUdSNO8igGTmg4oPUL_qXS1EQ/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] by August 15th, 2024. Looking ahead, we are thrilled to announce that we'll be hosting Feminism and Folklore in 2025. We eagerly await your presence in the upcoming year as we continue our journey to empower and foster inclusivity. Once again, thank you for being an essential part of our mission to promote feminism and preserve folklore on Wikipedia. With warm regards, '''Feminism and Folklore International Team'''. --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 jiyè 2024 à 12:28 (UTC) </div>. <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf2024&oldid=26557949 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rathaus-Glockenspiel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:2019-11-16, Glockenspiel, Neues Münchner Rathaus, IMG 7463 edit Christoph Braun.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Rathaus-Glockenspiel''' is a large mechanical clock located in Marienplatz Square, in the heart of Munich, Germany. Famous for its life-size characters, the clock twice daily re-enacts scenes from Munich's history. First is the story of the marriage of Duke Wilhelm V to Renata of Lorraine in 1568, followed by the story of the Schäfflerstanz, also known as the coopers' dance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 jiyè 2024 à 01:56 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])&#32;([[:nl:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Nederlandsche Cocainefabriek Schinkelstraat Amsterdam architect HH Baanders 1902.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek''' (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈneːdərlɑntsə koːkaːˈinəfaːˌbrik]; English: Dutch Cocaine Factory) or NCF was an Amsterdam-based company producing cocaine for medical purposes in the 20th century. It imported its raw materials mainly from the Dutch East Indies and sold its products across Europe, making good profits especially in the early years of World War I. The NCF produced morphine, heroin and ephedrine as well. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 jiyè 2024 à 01:44 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Suffrage drama]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pamphlet from NAWSA for women's suffrage plays, page 1.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Suffrage drama''' (also known as suffrage plays or suffrage theatre) is a form of dramatic literature that emerged during the British women's suffrage movement in the early twentieth century. Suffrage performances lasted approximately from 1907-1914. Many suffrage plays called for a predominant or all female cast. Suffrage plays served to reveal issues behind the suffrage movement. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 out 2024 à 02:13 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Karatgurk]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Karatgurk]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the Australian Aboriginal mythology of the Aboriginal people of south-eastern Australian state of Victoria, the '''Karatgurk''' were seven sisters who represented the constellation known in western astronomy as the Pleiades. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 out 2024 à 02:13 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27264174 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:B1 (classification)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''B1''' is a medical-based Paralympic classification for blind sport. Athletes in this classification are totally or almost totally blind. It is used by a number of blind sports including blind tennis, para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, blind cricket, blind golf, five-a-side football, goalball and judo. Some other sports, including adaptive rowing, athletics and swimming, have equivalents to this class. The B1 classification was first created by the IBSA in the 1970s, and has largely remained unchanged since despite an effort by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) to move towards a more functional and evidence-based classification system. Classification is often handled on the international level by the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) but it sometimes handled by national sport federations. There are exceptions for sports like athletics and cycling, where classification is handled by their own governing bodies. Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may differ from sport to sport, and may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and clapsticks. There may be some modifications related to equipment and rules to specifically address needs of competitors in this class to allow them to compete in specific sports. Some sports specifically do not allow a guide, whereas cycling and skiing require one. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 out 2024 à 01:56 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27278917 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Erzi (village)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Caucasus, Ingushetia, Ингушские боевые и смотровые башни, горы Кавказа.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Erzi''' (Russian: Эрзи; Ingush: Аьрзи, romanized: Ärzi, lit. 'Eagle') is a medieval village (aul) in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the rural settlement (administrative center) of Olgeti. The entire territory of the settlement is included in the Dzheyrakh-Assa State Historical-Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve and is under state protection. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 out 2024 à 03:19 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27345183 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cappadocian calendar]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cappadocian calendar''' was a solar calendar that was derived from the Persian Zoroastrian calendar. It is named after the historic region Cappadocia in present-day Turkey, where it was used. The calendar, which had 12 months of 30 days each and five epagomenal days, originated between 550 and 330 BC, when Cappadocia was part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The Cappadocian calendar was identical to the Zoroastrian calendar; this can be seen in its structure, in the Avestan names and in the order of the months. The Cappadocian calendar reflects the Iranian cultural influence in the region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 septanm 2024 à 01:42 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27357319 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Independence Day (Albania)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Independence Day''' (Albanian: Dita e Pavarësisë) is a public holiday in Albania observed on 28 November. It commemorates the Albanian Declaration of Independence (from the Ottoman Empire), which was ratified by the All-Albanian Congress on 28 November 1912, establishing the state of Albania. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 septanm 2024 à 00:29 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Voters == Have you invited eligible voters to [[Wikipedya:Administratè#Kitanago 2024-2025]], or would you like me to? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 27 septanm 2024 à 01:56 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], no I don't do it yet. Thanks for helping me! [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 01:32 (UTC) ::I'll post messages to the more active editors in [[Espesyal:ItilizatèAktif]]. (I have done this for admin elections here for years now.) [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 02:59 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wildlife of Bahrain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Birds in Al-Areen Wildlife Park.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The wildlife of the archipelago of Bahrain, is more varied than might be expected of this small group of islands in the Persian Gulf. Apart from a strip of the north and west of the main island, where crops are grown with irrigation, the land is arid. With a very hot dry summer, a mild winter, and brackish groundwater, the plants need adaptations in order to survive. Nevertheless, 196 species of higher plant have been recorded here, as well as about seventeen species of terrestrial mammals, many birds and reptiles, and many migratory birds visit the islands in autumn and spring. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 septanm 2024 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Little Danes experiment]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:آزمایش دانمارکی‌های کوچک]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Children play at a Danish Red Cross-run orphanage in Greenland.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''little Danes experiment''' was a 1951 Danish operation where 22 Greenlandic Inuit children were sent to Danish foster families in an attempt to re-educate them as "little Danes". While the children were all supposed to be orphans, most were not. Six children were adopted while in Denmark, and sixteen returned to Greenland, only to be placed in Danish-speaking orphanages and never live with their families again. Half of the children experienced mental health disturbances, and half of them died in young adulthood. The government of Denmark officially apologised in 2020, after several years of demands from Greenlandic officials. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 oktòb 2024 à 03:16 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kharayeb]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Muharram 1Oth-Ashouraa 2007 in Kharayeb - panoramio.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Kharayeb''' (Arabic: الخرايب) is a historic town in the Sidon District in the South Governorate, Lebanon. The town is 77 km (48 mi) south of Beirut, and stands at an average altitude of 190 m (620 ft) above sea level. The town boasts a rich historical legacy, with archaeological excavations revealing a complex settlement history spanning from Prehistory to the Ottoman period. Notably, Kharayeb's origins can be traced back to the Persian period (539–330 BC), when it played a pivotal role in the region's agricultural and economic landscape, culminating in the construction of its Phoenician temple around the 6th century BC. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 oktòb 2024 à 02:38 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Request == Hi! Can you please take a look at [[:Kategori:Pou efase]]? Thanks, [[Itilizatè:TenWhile6|TenWhile6]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:TenWhile6|diskisyon]]) 25 oktòb 2024 à 09:36 (UTC) :Okay [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 25 oktòb 2024 à 16:59 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklores 2024 Organizers Feedback == Dear Organizer, [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg | right | frameless]] We extend our heartfelt gratitude for your invaluable contributions to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2024 Feminism and Folklore 2024]. Your dedication to promoting feminist perspectives on Wikimedia platforms has been instrumental in the campaign's success. To better understand your initiatives and impact, we invite you to participate in a short survey (5-7 minutes). Your feedback will help us document your achievements in our report and showcase your story in our upcoming blog, highlighting the diversity of [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore] initiatives. Click to participate in the [https://forms.gle/dSeoDP1r7S4KCrVZ6 survey]. By participating in the By participating in the survey, you help us share your efforts in reports and upcoming blogs. This will help showcase and amplify your work, inspiring others to join the movement. The survey covers: #Community engagement and participation #Challenges and successes #Partnership Thank you again for your tireless efforts in promoting [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore]. Best regards,<br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 14:23, 26 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas horror]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Terror navideño]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Christmascarol1843 -- 169.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas horror''' is a fiction genre and film genre that incorporates horror elements into a seasonal setting. It is popular in multiple countries. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 oktòb 2024 à 02:05 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Placenta cake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:simple:Placenta cake]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bucharest, Greek pie-maker, 1880.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Placenta cake''' is a dish from ancient Greece and Rome consisting of many dough layers interspersed with a mixture of cheese and honey and flavored with bay leaves, baked and then covered in honey. The dessert is mentioned in classical texts such as the Greek poems of Archestratos and Antiphanes, as well as the De agri cultura of Cato the Elder. It is often seen as the predecessor of baklava and börek. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 4 novanm 2024 à 02:17 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == [Reminder] Apply for Cycle 3 Grants by December 1st! == Dear Feminism and Folklore Organizers, We hope this message finds you well. We are excited to inform you that the application window for Wikimedia Foundation's Cycle 3 of our grants is now open. Please ensure to submit your applications by December 1st. For a comprehensive guide on how to apply, please refer to the Wiki Loves Folklore Grant Toolkit: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_Grant_Toolkit Additionally, you can find detailed information on the Rapid Grant timeline here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid#Timeline We appreciate your continuous efforts and contributions to our campaigns. Should you have any questions or need further assistance, please do not hesitate to reach out: '''support@wikilovesfolkore.org''' Kind regards, <br> On behalf of the Wiki Loves Folklore International Team. <br> [[User:Joris Darlington Quarshie | Joris Darlington Quarshie]] ([[User talk:Joris Darlington Quarshie|talk]]) 08:39, 9 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Trisomy 16]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chromosome 16.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Trisomy 16''' is a chromosomal abnormality in which there are 3 copies of chromosome 16 rather than two. It is the most common trisomy leading to miscarriage and the second most common chromosomal cause of it, closely following X-chromosome monosomy. About 6% of miscarriages have trisomy 16. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 11 novanm 2024 à 02:09 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27708700 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Boana platanera]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Rana platanera - Boana platanera.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Boana platanera''''', commonly known as the banana tree dwelling frog, is a species of tree frog in the family Hylidae. It is distributed within Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago. Boana platanera was described in 2021, and individuals of the species were previously classified as Boana crepitans or Boana xerophylla. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 novanm 2024 à 02:53 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27735014 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wang Su-bok]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:وانگ سو بوک]])&#32;([[:ko:왕수복]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Wang Su-bok''' was a singer from North Korea, who was the most popular singer in Japanese-occupied Korea in 1935. She was credited as a ground-breaking female artist, whose work led the way for the modern K-pop phenomenon. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 25 novanm 2024 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Storm Filomena]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Spain’s chilly blanket ESA22415247.jpeg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Storm Filomena''' was an extratropical cyclone in early January 2021 that was most notable for bringing unusually heavy snowfall to parts of Spain, with Madrid recording its heaviest snowfall in over a century, and with Portugal being hit less severely. The eighth named storm of the 2020–21 European windstorm season, Filomena formed over the Atlantic Ocean close to the Canary Islands on 7 January, subsequently taking a slow track north-eastwards towards the Iberian Peninsula and then eastwards across the Mediterranean Sea. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 desanm 2024 à 02:48 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == [Workshop] Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia == Dear Recipient,<br> We are excited to invite you to the third workshop in our Advocacy series, part of the Feminism and Folklore International Campaign. This highly anticipated workshop, titled <b>"Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia,"</b> will be led by the esteemed Alex Stinson, Lead Program Strategist at the Wikimedia Foundation. Don't miss this opportunity to gain valuable insights into forging effective partnerships. ===Workshop Objectives=== * <b>Introduction to Partnerships: </b>Understand the importance of building win-win relationships within the Wikimedia movement. * <b>Strategies for Collaboration: </b>Learn practical strategies for identifying and fostering effective partnerships. * <b>Case Studies:</b> Explore real-world examples of successful partnerships in the Wikimedia community. * <b>Interactive Discussions: </b>Engage in discussions to share experiences and insights on collaboration and advocacy. ===Workshop Details=== 📅 Date: 7th December 2024<br> ⏰ Time: 4:30 PM UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1733589000 Check your local time zone])<br> 📍 Venue: Zoom Meeting ===How to Join:=== Registration Link: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Identifying_Win-Win_Relationships_with_Partners_for_Wikimedia <br> Meeting ID: 860 4444 3016 <br> Passcode: 834088 We welcome participants to bring their diverse perspectives and stories as we drive into the collaborative opportunities within the Wikimedia movement. Together, we’ll explore how these partnerships can enhance our advocacy and community efforts. Thank you, Wiki Loves Folklore International Team [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 07:34, 03 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Evènman nan Nouyòk == Bonjou ! Demen, dimanch 8 desanm, pral gen yon ti evènman nan Nouyòk, kote mwen pral montre kèk moun ki pale kreyòl ayisyen ki jan yo edite Wikipedia. Nou pral petèt kreye ak modifye kèk atik. Ou se administratè a, donk mwen te vle fè w konnen sa. Mwen pa pale kreyòl ayisyen byen, men mwen ka li ak ekri kreyòl yon ti, ak mwen pral fè tout sa mwen kapab pou gade ki moun sa a edite byen. Mèsi ! [[Itilizatè:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Amire80|diskisyon]]) 7 desanm 2024 à 21:02 (UTC) :Bonjou @[[Itilizatè:Amire80|Amire80]] ! Pa gen pwoblèm, si ou ta bezwen sipò mwen, pa neglije kontakte m. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 7 desanm 2024 à 22:43 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Syrian literature]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Poem about Baybars page 1 from Hakawati book.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Syrian literature''' is modern fiction written or orally performed in Arabic by writers from Syria since the independence of the Syrian Arab Republic in 1946. It is part of the historically and geographically wider Arabic literature. The modern states of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel as well as the Palestinian autonomous areas only came into being in the mid-20th century. Therefore, Syrian literature has since been referred to by literary scholarship as the national literature of the Syrian Arab Republic, as well as the works created in Arabic by Syrian writers in the diaspora. This literature has been influenced by the country's political history, the literature of other Arabic-speaking countries and, especially in its early days, by French literature. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 desanm 2024 à 01:59 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Lang template == In [https://ht.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doctor_Who&oldid=856014 this]: The {{tl|lang}} template here is meant to put a small (80%) language code in the article, like this: {{lang|en|Something}}. It has mostly been used in the ==External links== section. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 12 desanm 2024 à 17:36 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], Likewise in wp fr this model is used to indicate the language of a text, of any word. I don't know yet, does it have another role? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 20:20 (UTC) ::I think that [[Template:Lang]] on this wiki might have been intended, when it was originally created, to correspond to [[w:en:Template:In lang]] and not [[w:en:Template:Lang]]. See [[Lis endikatif telefòn entènasyonal pa kòd zòn#Lyen ekstèn]] for one that uses both {{tl|en}} and also {{tl|lang|en||}}. ::80% font size is okay for a note that says <small>(In English)</small>. It's not okay for text in the middle of an article, or in its title: "{{lang|en|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone}} is the first Harry Potter book." Also, I don't really want to see "(en)" in ordinary sentences. ::For pure markup purposes, then the visual editor adds the codes (same menu as other character formatting): <span lang="en" dir="ltr">This is English</span>. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 21:57 (UTC) :::The majority of articles using this template are directly translated from French, mainly using machine translation. Therefore, it is used in the same way as in the French version. If this template were to be changed now, wouldn't it require increased monitoring of translations coming from French? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 22:32 (UTC) ::::Well... that depends on whether the translation method is "Paste raw wikitext into Google Translate and hope that what comes out isn't too broken" or "Use the [[mw:Content translation]] tools, which are designed to map templates to their matching pairs via Wikidata". Google Translate screws up all kinds of things (e.g., turning <code><nowiki>[[Link]]</nowiki></code> into <code>[Link ] ]</code>) so this would be just one more among hundreds of problems it creates. ::::If we want to turn it into a way of wrapping some text in <code><nowiki><span lang="en" dir="ltr"></nowiki></code> tags, then we need to change the template. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 15 desanm 2024 à 02:11 (UTC) :::::I understand, maybe it's a copy of the English or French version? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 03:28 (UTC) ::::::The creator here spoke French, but the creation of this template predates the creation of [[w:fr:Modèle:Lang]] (which has since been renamed "Langue"). Meta-Wiki's and the English Wikipedia's are a couple of months older, but they don't match the formatting. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 20:07 (UTC) :::::::In this sense what do you think is the best solution according to you? We must correct it immediately and avoid the same thing in future articles. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 21:38 (UTC) ::::::::I replaced the template with the one from the English version ([[:en:template:Lang]]) although it will have an effect on the articles that use it, but I think it is better to use it instead ([[:fr:Modèle:en langue]]) <==> ht :([[modèl:Nan lang]]) to better respond. Here you have to scrupulously monitor the articles automatically translated from the French version. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 17 desanm 2024 à 14:41 (UTC) :::::::::That sounds good. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 19 desanm 2024 à 21:21 (UTC) ::::::::::Great [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 20 desanm 2024 à 18:47 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mars ocean theory]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:AncientMars.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Mars ocean theory''' states that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was covered by an ocean of liquid water early in the planet's geologic history. This primordial ocean, dubbed Paleo-Ocean or Oceanus Borealis (/oʊˈsiːənəs ˌbɒriˈælɪs/ oh-SEE-ə-nəs BORR-ee-AL-iss), would have filled the basin Vastitas Borealis in the northern hemisphere, a region that lies 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) below the mean planetary elevation, at a time period of approximately 4.1–3.8 billion years ago. Evidence for this ocean includes geographic features resembling ancient shorelines, and the chemical properties of the Martian soil and atmosphere <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 01:45 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2023 Slovenia floods]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Sava v Tacnu 4. avgusta ob 16h.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In August 2023, major floods occurred in large part of Slovenia and neighbouring areas of Austria and Croatia due to heavy rain. Amongst others, the level of rivers Sava, Mur and Drava was exceptionally high. Several settlements and transport links in Slovene Littoral, Upper Carniola and Slovenian Carinthia were flooded. Due to the amount of rain, the streams in Idrija, Cerkno and Škofja Loka Hills overflowed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 desanm 2024 à 02:55 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 in Your Country == [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless]] Dear Team, My name is Joris Darlington Quarshie (user: Joris Darlington Quarshie), and I am the Event Coordinator for the Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 (WLF) International campaign. Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 is a photographic competition aimed at highlighting folk culture worldwide. The annual international photography competition is held on Wikimedia Commons between the 1st of February and the 31st of March. This campaign invites photographers and enthusiasts of folk culture globally to showcase their local traditions, festivals, cultural practices, and other folk events by uploading photographs to Wikimedia Commons. As we celebrate the seventh anniversary of Wiki Loves Folklore, the international team is thrilled to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and organizations worldwide to host a local edition in their respective countries. This is an opportunity to bring more visibility to the folk culture of your region and contribute valuable content to the internet. * Please find the project page for this year’s edition at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025 * To sign up and organize the event in your country, visit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025/Organize If you wish to organize your local edition in either February or March instead of both months, feel free to let us know. In addition to the photographic competition, there will also be a Wikipedia writing competition called Feminism and Folklore, which focuses on topics related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture on Wikipedia. We welcome your team to organize both the photo and writing campaigns or either one of them in your local Wiki edition. If you are unable to organize both campaigns, feel free to share this opportunity with other groups or organizations in your region that may be interested. * You can find the Feminism and Folklore project page here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025 * The page to sign up is: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page For any questions or to discuss further collaboration, feel free to contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. If your team wishes to connect via a meeting to discuss this further, please let us know. We look forward to your participation in Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 and to seeing the incredible folk culture of your region represented on Wikimedia Commons. Sincerely, The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 08:50, 27 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Uganda Railways Corporation]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Schienenverkehr in Uganda]])&#32;([[:no:Uganda Railways Corporation]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:9620 mit Güterzug.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Uganda Railways Corporation''' (URC) is the parastatal railway of Uganda. It was formed after the breakup of the East African Railways Corporation (EARC) in 1977 when it took over the Ugandan part of the East African railways. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 desanm 2024 à 02:37 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28019313 --> == Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2025 == == Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2025 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"><em>{{int:please-translate}}</em></div> Dear {{PAGENAME}}, My name is [[User:SAgbley|Stella Agbley]], and I am the Event Coordinator for the Feminism and Folklore 2025 (FnF) International campaign. We're thrilled to announce the Feminism and Folklore 2025 writing competition, held in conjunction with Wiki Loves Folklore 2025! This initiative focuses on enriching Wikipedia with content related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture. === Why Host the Competition? === * Empower voices: Provide a platform for discussions on feminism and its intersection with folk culture. * Enrich Wikipedia: Contribute valuable content to Wikipedia on underrepresented topics. * Raise awareness: Increase global understanding of these important issues. === Exciting Prizes Await! === We're delighted to acknowledge outstanding contributions with a range of prizes: **International Recognition:** * 1st Prize: $300 USD * 2nd Prize: $200 USD * 3rd Prize: $100 USD * Consolation Prizes (Top 10): $50 USD each **Local Recognition (Details Coming Soon!):** Each participating Wikipedia edition (out of 40+) will offer local prizes. Stay tuned for announcements! All prizes will be distributed in a convenient and accessible manner. Winners will receive major brand gift cards or vouchers equivalent to the prize value in their local currency. === Ready to Get Involved? === Learn more about Feminism and Folklore 2025: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025 Feminism and Folklore 2025] Sign Up to Organize a Campaign: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page Campaign Sign-Up Page] === Collaboration is Key! === Whether you choose to organize both photo and writing competitions (Wiki Loves Folklore and Feminism and Folklore) or just one, we encourage your participation. If hosting isn't feasible, please share this opportunity with interested groups in your region. === Let's Collaborate! === For questions or to discuss further collaboration, please contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. We're happy to schedule a meeting to discuss details further. Together, let's celebrate women's voices and enrich Wikipedia with valuable content! Thank you, **Wiki Loves Folklore International Team** </div> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:02, 05 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Internment of Japanese Canadians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Japanese road camp.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> From 1942 to 1949, Canada forcibly relocated and incarcerated over 22,000 Japanese Canadians—comprising over 90% of the total Japanese Canadian population—from British Columbia in the name of "national security". The majority were Canadian citizens by birth and were targeted based on their ancestry. This decision followed the events of the Japanese Empire's war in the Pacific against the Western Allies, such as the invasion of Hong Kong, the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and the Fall of Singapore which led to the Canadian declaration of war on Japan during World War II. Similar to the actions taken against Japanese Americans in neighbouring United States, this forced relocation subjected many Japanese Canadians to government-enforced curfews and interrogations, job and property losses, and forced repatriation to Japan <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 6 janvye 2025 à 03:56 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28070038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas seals]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:no:Julemerke]])&#32;([[:ru:Рождественская виньетка]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:1915 US Christmas Seal.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas seals''' are adhesive labels that are similar in appearance to postage stamps that are sold then affixed to mail during the Christmas season to raise funds and awareness for charitable programs. Christmas seals have become particularly associated with lung diseases such as tuberculosis, and with child welfare in general. They were first issued in Denmark beginning in 1904, with Sweden and Iceland following with issues that same year. Thereafter the use of Christmas seals proved to be popular and spread quickly around the world, with 130 countries producing their own issues. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 13 janvye 2025 à 02:24 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28086717 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Scontri del Nagorno Karabakh del 2010]])&#32;([[:tr:2010 Dağlık Karabağ çatışmaları]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''2010 Nahorno karabakh war''' were a series of exchanges of gunfire that took place on February 18 on the line of contact dividing Azerbaijani and the Karabakh Armenian military forces. Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of firing on the Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu, Qızıloba, Qapanlı, Yusifcanlı and Cavahirli villages, as well as in uplands of Agdam Rayon with small arms fire including snipers. As a result, three Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and one wounded. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 20 janvye 2025 à 01:20 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28099770 --> == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 26 janvye 2025 à 06:24 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Doc James@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jinnah's birthday]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Yorkstatue.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jinnah's Birthday''', officially Quaid-e-Azam Day and sometimes known as Quaid Day, is a public holiday in Pakistan observed annually on 25 December to celebrate the birthday of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as Quaid-i-Azam ("Great Leader"). A major holiday, commemorations for Jinnah began during his lifetime in 1942, and have continued ever since. The event is primarily observed by the government and the citizens of the country where the national flag is hoisted at major architectural structures such as private and public buildings, particularly at the top of Quaid-e-Azam House in Karachi. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 27 janvye 2025 à 01:30 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28156501 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:French conquest of Corsica]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bataille de Ponte Novu.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''French conquest of Corsica''' was a successful expedition by French forces of the Kingdom of France under Comte de Vaux, against Corsican forces under Pasquale Paoli of the Corsican Republic. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 fevriye 2025 à 12:21 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Assassination of Spencer Perceval]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:PercevalShooting.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 11 May 1812, at about 5:15 pm, Spencer Perceval, the prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was shot dead in the lobby of the House of Commons by John Bellingham, a Liverpool merchant with a grievance against the government. Bellingham was detained; four days after the murder, he was tried, convicted and sentenced to death. He was hanged at Newgate Prison on 18 May, one week after the assassination and one month before the start of the War of 1812. Perceval remains the sole British prime minister to have been assassinated. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 fevriye 2025 à 02:18 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Malagasy constitutional referendum]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A constitutional referendum was held in Madagascar on 17 November 2010, in which voters approved a proposal for the state's fourth Constitution. The Malagasy people were asked to answer "Yes" or "No" to the proposed new constitution, which was considered to help consolidate Andry Rajoelina's grip on power. At the time of the referendum, Rajoelina headed the governing Highest Transitional Authority (HAT), an interim junta established following the military-backed coup d'état against then President Marc Ravalomanana in March 2009. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 fevriye 2025 à 01:21 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28245290 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cooler Heads Coalition]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Cooler Heads Coalition]])&#32;([[:fr:Cooler Heads Coalition]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cooler Heads Coalition''' is a politically conservative "informal and ad-hoc group" in the United States, financed and operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute. The group, which rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, made efforts to stop the government from addressing climate change. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 fevriye 2025 à 02:23 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28300238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:pt:Transmissor de Ondas]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Wave Transmitter]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Esq eletr transm ondas color.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Transmissor de Ondas''' é um equipamento precursor do rádio, desenvolvido por Roberto Landell de Moura na década de 1890, capaz de transmitir áudio via ondas eletromagnéticas, com sua primeira demonstração pública documentada tendo ocorrido no dia 16 de julho de 1899. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 mas 2025 à 01:50 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Smoky (mascotte olimpica)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Smoky (Olympic mascot)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Smoky 1932 Olympic Village Mascot.webp|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Smoky''' (Los Angeles, 1931 o 1932 - Los Angeles, aprile 1934), occasionalmente scritto Smokey, è stato un cane che divenne la mascotte del villaggio olimpico estivo del 1932 e, successivamente, dell'evento generale. Pur non essendo oggi riconosciuto dal CIO, è stato, seppur non in modo ufficiale, la prima mascotte olimpica dei Giochi, oltre che a essere attualmente l'unica a essere stata un animale vero. Le successive edizioni non ebbero mascotte, dovendo aspettare i X Giochi olimpici invernali di Grenoble nel 1968 per ritrovarne una ufficialmente riconosciuta, lo sciatore stilizzato Schuss, allora non considerato ufficiale ma successivamente riconosciuto come tale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 mas 2025 à 02:50 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Join Us Today: Amplify Women’s Stories on Wikipedia! == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}} Dear {{PAGENAME}}, {{quote|Join us this International Women’s Month to uncover hidden stories and reshape cultural narratives! Dive into an interactive workshop where we’ll illuminate gaps in folklore and women’s history on Wikipedia—and take action to ensure their legacies are written into history.}} Facilitated by '''Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight''', this workshop will explore how to identify and curate missing stories about women’s contributions to culture and heritage. Let’s work together to amplify voices that have been overlooked for far too long! == Event Details == * '''📅 Date''': Today (15 March 2025) * '''⏰ Time''': 4:00 PM UTC ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html Convert to your time zone]) * '''📍 Platform''': [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/87522074523?pwd=0EEz1jfr4i9d9Nvdm3ioTaFdRGZojJ.1 Zoom Link] * '''🔗 Session''': [[meta:Event:Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities|Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities]] * '''🆔 Meeting ID''': 860 8747 3266 * '''🔑 Passcode''': FNF@2025 == Participation == Whether you’re a seasoned editor or new to Wikipedia, this is your chance to contribute to a more inclusive historical record. ''Bring your curiosity and passion—we’ll provide the tools and guidance!'' '''Let’s make history ''her'' story too.''' See you there! Best regards,<br> '''Joris Quarshie'''<br> [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]] <div style="margin-top:1em; text-align:center;"> Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]] [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|msg]]) 07:15, 24 March 2025 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])&#32;([[:es:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frame A from Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo''''' (lit. 'Amazon: The Greatest River in the World') is a 1922 Brazilian silent documentary film produced in 1918 by Silvino Santos. It is a black-and-white film that portrays life in the Amazon rainforest. Completed in 1920, it is considered one of the oldest cinematic records of the Amazon. It was presumed lost in 1931 and only rediscovered in 2023 at the Czech Film Archive. Silvino Santos produced the work over three years using sophisticated cinematic techniques, which led it to be deemed of "immense artistic value" by Le Monde. It has also been described as the "Holy Grail of Brazilian silent cinema" by The Guardian. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 mas 2025 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28392163 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ali of the Eretnids]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:tr:Alaaddin Ali Bey]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ala al-Din Ali''' (January 1353 – August 1380) was the third Sultan of the Eretnids ruling from 1366 until his death. He inherited the throne at a very early age and was removed from administrative matters. He was characterized as particularly keen on personal pleasures, which later discredited his authority. During his rule, emirs under the Eretnids enjoyed considerable autonomy, and the state continued to shrink as neighboring powers captured several towns. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 mas 2025 à 01:59 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28433698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chilembwe uprising]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chilembwe supporters being led to be executed (cropped).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Chilembwe uprising''' was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his church in the village of Mbombwe in the south-east of the colony, the leaders of the revolt were mainly from an emerging black middle class. They were motivated by grievances against the British colonial system, which included forced labour, racial discrimination and new demands imposed on the African population following the outbreak of World War I. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 31 mas 2025 à 03:52 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:1930 Bago earthquake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:my:၁၉၃၀ ပဲခူးငလျင်]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Thiao Mueang Phama (1955, p. 165).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> An earthquake affected Myanmar on 5 May 1930 with a moment magnitude (Mw ) 7.4. The shock occurred 35 km (22 mi) beneath the surface with a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of IX (Devastating tremor). The earthquake was the result of rupture along a 131 km (81 mi) segment of the Sagaing Fault—a major strike-slip fault that runs through the country. Extensive damage was reported in the southern part of the country, particularly in Bago and Yangon, where buildings collapsed and fires erupted. At least 550, and possibly up to 7,000 people were killed. A moderate tsunami struck the Burmese coast which caused minor damage to ships and a port. It was felt for over 570,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi) and as far as Shan State and Thailand. The mainshock was followed by many aftershocks; several were damaging. The December earthquake was similarly sized which also occurred along the Sagaing Fault. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 7 avril 2025 à 01:54 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Museu de Zoologia da USP 02.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo''' (Portuguese: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, abbreviated MZUSP) is a public natural history museum located in the historic Ipiranga district of São Paulo, Brazil. The MZUSP is an educational and research institution that is part of the University of São Paulo. The museum began at the end of the 19th century as part of the Museu Paulista; in 1941, it moved into a dedicated building. In 1969 the museum became a part of the University of São Paulo, receiving its current name. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 avril 2025 à 02:27 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fear of crime]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ar:الخوف من الجريمة]])&#32;([[:it:Criminofobia]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fear of crime''' refers to the fear of being a victim of crime, which is not necessarily reflective of the actual probability of being such a victim. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 avril 2025 à 02:24 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28559524 --> == Invitation: Gendering the Archive - Building Inclusive Folklore Repositories (April 30th) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}} Dear {{PAGENAME}}, You are invited to a hands-on session focused on [[meta:Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation|Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation]]. This online workshop will guide participants on how to create, edit, and expand gender-inclusive folklore articles and multimedia archives on Wikipedia and Wikidata. The session will be led by Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu. === Objectives === * '''Design Inclusive Repositories:''' Learn best practices for structuring folklore archives that foreground gender perspectives. * '''Hands-On Editing:''' Practice creating and improving articles and items on Wikipedia and Wikidata with a gender-inclusive lens. * '''Collaborative Mapping:''' Work in small groups to plan new entries and multimedia uploads that document underrepresented voices. * '''Advocacy & Outreach:''' Discuss strategies to promote and sustain these repositories within your local and online communities. === Details === * '''Date:''' 30th April 2025 * '''Day:''' Wednesday * '''Time:''' 16:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone]) * '''Venue:''' Online (Zoom) * '''Speaker:''' Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu (Co-founder, Wikimedia Rwanda & Community Engagement Director) === How to Join === * '''Zoom Link:''' [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/89158738825?pwd=ezEgXbAqwq9KEr499DvJxSzZyXSVQX Join here] * '''Meeting ID:''' 891 5873 8825 * '''Passcode:''' FNF@2025 * '''Add to Calendar:''' [https://zoom.us/meeting/tZ0scuGvrTMiGNH4I3T7EEQmhuFJkuCHL7Ci/ics?meetingMasterEventId=Xv247OBKRMWeJJ9LSbX2hA Add to your calendar] '''' === Agenda === # Welcome & Introductions: Opening remarks and participant roll-call. # Presentation: Overview of gender-inclusive principles and examples of folklore archives. # Hands-On Workshop: Step-by-step editing on Wikipedia and Wikidata—create or expand entries. # Group Brainstorm: Plan future repository items in breakout groups. # Q&A & Discussion: Share challenges, solutions, and next steps. # Closing Remarks: Summarise key takeaways and outline follow-up actions. We look forward to seeing you there! Best regards,<br> Stella<br> Feminism and Folklore Organiser -[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 10:28, 24 April 2025 (UTC) </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=28399508 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Heritage preservation in South Korea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Korean.Dance-03.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The heritage preservation system of South Korea is a multi-level program aiming to preserve and cultivate Korean cultural heritage. The program is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), and the legal framework is provided by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act of 1962, last updated in 2012. The program started in 1962 and has gradually been extended and upgraded since then. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 avril 2025 à 00:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lhamana]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796 (cropped).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lhamana''', in traditional Zuni culture, are biologically male people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the pan-Indian two-spirit community. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 me 2025 à 07:29 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Gruppo del Sileno]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Parco3.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sileno ed Egle con Mnasilo e Cromi''', meglio noto come Gruppo del Sileno, è un monumento in marmo di Carrara, realizzato da Jean-Baptiste Boudard nel 1765 per il Giardino Ducale di Parma; sostituito nel 1991 con una copia in polvere di marmo e resina, l'originale si trova provvisoriamente nel chiostro della Fontana del monastero di San Paolo, in attesa della definitiva collocazione prevista all'interno del palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale nel parco Ducale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 me 2025 à 02:28 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28709947 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lorrin A. Thurston]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fi:Lorrin Thurston]])&#32;([[:ko:로린 A. 서스턴]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lorrinandrewsthurston1892.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lorrin Andrews Thurston''' (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was a Hawaiian citizen lawyer, politician, and businessman. Thurston played a prominent role in the revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom to replace Queen Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, with discreet US support for which Congress much later apologized. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916, he and his network lobbied with national politicians to create a national park to preserve the Hawaiian volcanoes. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 me 2025 à 02:33 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28731710 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Lamiera bugnata]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Tread plate]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Diamond Plate.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Una '''lamiera bugnata''' o mandorlata è una lamiera di metallo ottenuta dalla laminazione di una bramma attraverso rulli che, tramite punzonatura o goffratura, imprimono sulla lamina rilievi a forma di rombo o ellisse, detti bugne. Nel caso questi rilievi siano alternati singolarmente nei due assi, si parla di lamiera diamantata, mentre se le forme sono predisposte in maniera parallela per formare piccoli quadranti tra di loro tangenti, questo pattern viene identificato con il nome di mandorlato. We tend to ignore the fact that this type of plate is the only reason we don't slip when we walk on steel and wet or frozen surfaces. The Italian article it's short but quite complete, and has just the right amount of citations, unlike other poor languages' versions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 me 2025 à 06:04 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28751788 --> == Kanasa == Bonjou, Nan paj [[Kanada]], mwen te wè ou te modifye infobox la avèk youn Wikipedya fransè. Tradiksyon an infobox sa a pa komplete, ou vle tradui li oubyen mwen ka fè sa mwen mèm ? (Petèt fen semèn sa a) [[Itilizatè:HalikhSovar78|HalikhSovar78]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:HalikhSovar78|diskisyon]]) 1 jen 2025 à 16:15 (UTC) djcrq04bj2kwhcziagtzkpycg27iqwb 867997 867996 2025-06-01T16:15:37Z HalikhSovar78 35705 /* Kanada */Korije yon fòt òtograf 867997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Achiv auto | recherche = oui | âge = 90 jou }} == Modèl:Refsou == Is [[Modèl:Refsou]] the same as [[w:en:Template:Citation needed]]? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 19 jiyè 2024 à 17:14 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], Of course they are the same, and it is copied from the French version with translation into Haitian Creole [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 01:37 (UTC) ::So the same as [[Modèl:Referans nesesè]]? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 02:56 (UTC) == Thank You for Your Contribution to Feminism and Folklore 2024! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|center|500px]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikimedian, We extend our sincerest gratitude to you for making an extraordinary impact in the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition. Your remarkable dedication and efforts have been instrumental in bridging cultural and gender gaps on Wikipedia. We are truly grateful for the time and energy you've invested in this endeavor. As a token of our deep appreciation, we'd love to send you a special postcard. It serves as a small gesture to convey our immense thanks for your involvement in organizing the competition. To ensure you receive this token of appreciation, kindly fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeHYAhFA9Q5vUs9UA1N45TOUxUdSNO8igGTmg4oPUL_qXS1EQ/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] by August 15th, 2024. Looking ahead, we are thrilled to announce that we'll be hosting Feminism and Folklore in 2025. We eagerly await your presence in the upcoming year as we continue our journey to empower and foster inclusivity. Once again, thank you for being an essential part of our mission to promote feminism and preserve folklore on Wikipedia. With warm regards, '''Feminism and Folklore International Team'''. --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 jiyè 2024 à 12:28 (UTC) </div>. <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf2024&oldid=26557949 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rathaus-Glockenspiel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:2019-11-16, Glockenspiel, Neues Münchner Rathaus, IMG 7463 edit Christoph Braun.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Rathaus-Glockenspiel''' is a large mechanical clock located in Marienplatz Square, in the heart of Munich, Germany. Famous for its life-size characters, the clock twice daily re-enacts scenes from Munich's history. First is the story of the marriage of Duke Wilhelm V to Renata of Lorraine in 1568, followed by the story of the Schäfflerstanz, also known as the coopers' dance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 jiyè 2024 à 01:56 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])&#32;([[:nl:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Nederlandsche Cocainefabriek Schinkelstraat Amsterdam architect HH Baanders 1902.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek''' (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈneːdərlɑntsə koːkaːˈinəfaːˌbrik]; English: Dutch Cocaine Factory) or NCF was an Amsterdam-based company producing cocaine for medical purposes in the 20th century. It imported its raw materials mainly from the Dutch East Indies and sold its products across Europe, making good profits especially in the early years of World War I. The NCF produced morphine, heroin and ephedrine as well. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 jiyè 2024 à 01:44 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Suffrage drama]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pamphlet from NAWSA for women's suffrage plays, page 1.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Suffrage drama''' (also known as suffrage plays or suffrage theatre) is a form of dramatic literature that emerged during the British women's suffrage movement in the early twentieth century. Suffrage performances lasted approximately from 1907-1914. Many suffrage plays called for a predominant or all female cast. Suffrage plays served to reveal issues behind the suffrage movement. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 out 2024 à 02:13 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Karatgurk]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Karatgurk]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the Australian Aboriginal mythology of the Aboriginal people of south-eastern Australian state of Victoria, the '''Karatgurk''' were seven sisters who represented the constellation known in western astronomy as the Pleiades. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 out 2024 à 02:13 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27264174 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:B1 (classification)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''B1''' is a medical-based Paralympic classification for blind sport. Athletes in this classification are totally or almost totally blind. It is used by a number of blind sports including blind tennis, para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, blind cricket, blind golf, five-a-side football, goalball and judo. Some other sports, including adaptive rowing, athletics and swimming, have equivalents to this class. The B1 classification was first created by the IBSA in the 1970s, and has largely remained unchanged since despite an effort by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) to move towards a more functional and evidence-based classification system. Classification is often handled on the international level by the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) but it sometimes handled by national sport federations. There are exceptions for sports like athletics and cycling, where classification is handled by their own governing bodies. Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may differ from sport to sport, and may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and clapsticks. There may be some modifications related to equipment and rules to specifically address needs of competitors in this class to allow them to compete in specific sports. Some sports specifically do not allow a guide, whereas cycling and skiing require one. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 out 2024 à 01:56 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27278917 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Erzi (village)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Caucasus, Ingushetia, Ингушские боевые и смотровые башни, горы Кавказа.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Erzi''' (Russian: Эрзи; Ingush: Аьрзи, romanized: Ärzi, lit. 'Eagle') is a medieval village (aul) in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the rural settlement (administrative center) of Olgeti. The entire territory of the settlement is included in the Dzheyrakh-Assa State Historical-Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve and is under state protection. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 out 2024 à 03:19 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27345183 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cappadocian calendar]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cappadocian calendar''' was a solar calendar that was derived from the Persian Zoroastrian calendar. It is named after the historic region Cappadocia in present-day Turkey, where it was used. The calendar, which had 12 months of 30 days each and five epagomenal days, originated between 550 and 330 BC, when Cappadocia was part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The Cappadocian calendar was identical to the Zoroastrian calendar; this can be seen in its structure, in the Avestan names and in the order of the months. The Cappadocian calendar reflects the Iranian cultural influence in the region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 septanm 2024 à 01:42 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27357319 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Independence Day (Albania)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Independence Day''' (Albanian: Dita e Pavarësisë) is a public holiday in Albania observed on 28 November. It commemorates the Albanian Declaration of Independence (from the Ottoman Empire), which was ratified by the All-Albanian Congress on 28 November 1912, establishing the state of Albania. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 septanm 2024 à 00:29 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Voters == Have you invited eligible voters to [[Wikipedya:Administratè#Kitanago 2024-2025]], or would you like me to? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 27 septanm 2024 à 01:56 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], no I don't do it yet. Thanks for helping me! [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 01:32 (UTC) ::I'll post messages to the more active editors in [[Espesyal:ItilizatèAktif]]. (I have done this for admin elections here for years now.) [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 02:59 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wildlife of Bahrain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Birds in Al-Areen Wildlife Park.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The wildlife of the archipelago of Bahrain, is more varied than might be expected of this small group of islands in the Persian Gulf. Apart from a strip of the north and west of the main island, where crops are grown with irrigation, the land is arid. With a very hot dry summer, a mild winter, and brackish groundwater, the plants need adaptations in order to survive. Nevertheless, 196 species of higher plant have been recorded here, as well as about seventeen species of terrestrial mammals, many birds and reptiles, and many migratory birds visit the islands in autumn and spring. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 septanm 2024 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Little Danes experiment]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:آزمایش دانمارکی‌های کوچک]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Children play at a Danish Red Cross-run orphanage in Greenland.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''little Danes experiment''' was a 1951 Danish operation where 22 Greenlandic Inuit children were sent to Danish foster families in an attempt to re-educate them as "little Danes". While the children were all supposed to be orphans, most were not. Six children were adopted while in Denmark, and sixteen returned to Greenland, only to be placed in Danish-speaking orphanages and never live with their families again. Half of the children experienced mental health disturbances, and half of them died in young adulthood. The government of Denmark officially apologised in 2020, after several years of demands from Greenlandic officials. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 oktòb 2024 à 03:16 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kharayeb]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Muharram 1Oth-Ashouraa 2007 in Kharayeb - panoramio.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Kharayeb''' (Arabic: الخرايب) is a historic town in the Sidon District in the South Governorate, Lebanon. The town is 77 km (48 mi) south of Beirut, and stands at an average altitude of 190 m (620 ft) above sea level. The town boasts a rich historical legacy, with archaeological excavations revealing a complex settlement history spanning from Prehistory to the Ottoman period. Notably, Kharayeb's origins can be traced back to the Persian period (539–330 BC), when it played a pivotal role in the region's agricultural and economic landscape, culminating in the construction of its Phoenician temple around the 6th century BC. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 oktòb 2024 à 02:38 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Request == Hi! Can you please take a look at [[:Kategori:Pou efase]]? Thanks, [[Itilizatè:TenWhile6|TenWhile6]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:TenWhile6|diskisyon]]) 25 oktòb 2024 à 09:36 (UTC) :Okay [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 25 oktòb 2024 à 16:59 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklores 2024 Organizers Feedback == Dear Organizer, [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg | right | frameless]] We extend our heartfelt gratitude for your invaluable contributions to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2024 Feminism and Folklore 2024]. Your dedication to promoting feminist perspectives on Wikimedia platforms has been instrumental in the campaign's success. To better understand your initiatives and impact, we invite you to participate in a short survey (5-7 minutes). Your feedback will help us document your achievements in our report and showcase your story in our upcoming blog, highlighting the diversity of [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore] initiatives. Click to participate in the [https://forms.gle/dSeoDP1r7S4KCrVZ6 survey]. By participating in the By participating in the survey, you help us share your efforts in reports and upcoming blogs. This will help showcase and amplify your work, inspiring others to join the movement. The survey covers: #Community engagement and participation #Challenges and successes #Partnership Thank you again for your tireless efforts in promoting [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore]. Best regards,<br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 14:23, 26 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas horror]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Terror navideño]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Christmascarol1843 -- 169.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas horror''' is a fiction genre and film genre that incorporates horror elements into a seasonal setting. It is popular in multiple countries. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 oktòb 2024 à 02:05 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Placenta cake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:simple:Placenta cake]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bucharest, Greek pie-maker, 1880.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Placenta cake''' is a dish from ancient Greece and Rome consisting of many dough layers interspersed with a mixture of cheese and honey and flavored with bay leaves, baked and then covered in honey. The dessert is mentioned in classical texts such as the Greek poems of Archestratos and Antiphanes, as well as the De agri cultura of Cato the Elder. It is often seen as the predecessor of baklava and börek. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 4 novanm 2024 à 02:17 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == [Reminder] Apply for Cycle 3 Grants by December 1st! == Dear Feminism and Folklore Organizers, We hope this message finds you well. We are excited to inform you that the application window for Wikimedia Foundation's Cycle 3 of our grants is now open. Please ensure to submit your applications by December 1st. For a comprehensive guide on how to apply, please refer to the Wiki Loves Folklore Grant Toolkit: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_Grant_Toolkit Additionally, you can find detailed information on the Rapid Grant timeline here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid#Timeline We appreciate your continuous efforts and contributions to our campaigns. Should you have any questions or need further assistance, please do not hesitate to reach out: '''support@wikilovesfolkore.org''' Kind regards, <br> On behalf of the Wiki Loves Folklore International Team. <br> [[User:Joris Darlington Quarshie | Joris Darlington Quarshie]] ([[User talk:Joris Darlington Quarshie|talk]]) 08:39, 9 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Trisomy 16]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chromosome 16.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Trisomy 16''' is a chromosomal abnormality in which there are 3 copies of chromosome 16 rather than two. It is the most common trisomy leading to miscarriage and the second most common chromosomal cause of it, closely following X-chromosome monosomy. About 6% of miscarriages have trisomy 16. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 11 novanm 2024 à 02:09 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27708700 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Boana platanera]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Rana platanera - Boana platanera.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Boana platanera''''', commonly known as the banana tree dwelling frog, is a species of tree frog in the family Hylidae. It is distributed within Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago. Boana platanera was described in 2021, and individuals of the species were previously classified as Boana crepitans or Boana xerophylla. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 novanm 2024 à 02:53 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27735014 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wang Su-bok]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:وانگ سو بوک]])&#32;([[:ko:왕수복]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Wang Su-bok''' was a singer from North Korea, who was the most popular singer in Japanese-occupied Korea in 1935. She was credited as a ground-breaking female artist, whose work led the way for the modern K-pop phenomenon. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 25 novanm 2024 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Storm Filomena]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Spain’s chilly blanket ESA22415247.jpeg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Storm Filomena''' was an extratropical cyclone in early January 2021 that was most notable for bringing unusually heavy snowfall to parts of Spain, with Madrid recording its heaviest snowfall in over a century, and with Portugal being hit less severely. The eighth named storm of the 2020–21 European windstorm season, Filomena formed over the Atlantic Ocean close to the Canary Islands on 7 January, subsequently taking a slow track north-eastwards towards the Iberian Peninsula and then eastwards across the Mediterranean Sea. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 desanm 2024 à 02:48 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == [Workshop] Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia == Dear Recipient,<br> We are excited to invite you to the third workshop in our Advocacy series, part of the Feminism and Folklore International Campaign. This highly anticipated workshop, titled <b>"Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia,"</b> will be led by the esteemed Alex Stinson, Lead Program Strategist at the Wikimedia Foundation. Don't miss this opportunity to gain valuable insights into forging effective partnerships. ===Workshop Objectives=== * <b>Introduction to Partnerships: </b>Understand the importance of building win-win relationships within the Wikimedia movement. * <b>Strategies for Collaboration: </b>Learn practical strategies for identifying and fostering effective partnerships. * <b>Case Studies:</b> Explore real-world examples of successful partnerships in the Wikimedia community. * <b>Interactive Discussions: </b>Engage in discussions to share experiences and insights on collaboration and advocacy. ===Workshop Details=== 📅 Date: 7th December 2024<br> ⏰ Time: 4:30 PM UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1733589000 Check your local time zone])<br> 📍 Venue: Zoom Meeting ===How to Join:=== Registration Link: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Identifying_Win-Win_Relationships_with_Partners_for_Wikimedia <br> Meeting ID: 860 4444 3016 <br> Passcode: 834088 We welcome participants to bring their diverse perspectives and stories as we drive into the collaborative opportunities within the Wikimedia movement. Together, we’ll explore how these partnerships can enhance our advocacy and community efforts. Thank you, Wiki Loves Folklore International Team [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 07:34, 03 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Evènman nan Nouyòk == Bonjou ! Demen, dimanch 8 desanm, pral gen yon ti evènman nan Nouyòk, kote mwen pral montre kèk moun ki pale kreyòl ayisyen ki jan yo edite Wikipedia. Nou pral petèt kreye ak modifye kèk atik. Ou se administratè a, donk mwen te vle fè w konnen sa. Mwen pa pale kreyòl ayisyen byen, men mwen ka li ak ekri kreyòl yon ti, ak mwen pral fè tout sa mwen kapab pou gade ki moun sa a edite byen. Mèsi ! [[Itilizatè:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Amire80|diskisyon]]) 7 desanm 2024 à 21:02 (UTC) :Bonjou @[[Itilizatè:Amire80|Amire80]] ! Pa gen pwoblèm, si ou ta bezwen sipò mwen, pa neglije kontakte m. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 7 desanm 2024 à 22:43 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Syrian literature]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Poem about Baybars page 1 from Hakawati book.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Syrian literature''' is modern fiction written or orally performed in Arabic by writers from Syria since the independence of the Syrian Arab Republic in 1946. It is part of the historically and geographically wider Arabic literature. The modern states of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel as well as the Palestinian autonomous areas only came into being in the mid-20th century. Therefore, Syrian literature has since been referred to by literary scholarship as the national literature of the Syrian Arab Republic, as well as the works created in Arabic by Syrian writers in the diaspora. This literature has been influenced by the country's political history, the literature of other Arabic-speaking countries and, especially in its early days, by French literature. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 desanm 2024 à 01:59 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Lang template == In [https://ht.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doctor_Who&oldid=856014 this]: The {{tl|lang}} template here is meant to put a small (80%) language code in the article, like this: {{lang|en|Something}}. It has mostly been used in the ==External links== section. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 12 desanm 2024 à 17:36 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], Likewise in wp fr this model is used to indicate the language of a text, of any word. I don't know yet, does it have another role? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 20:20 (UTC) ::I think that [[Template:Lang]] on this wiki might have been intended, when it was originally created, to correspond to [[w:en:Template:In lang]] and not [[w:en:Template:Lang]]. See [[Lis endikatif telefòn entènasyonal pa kòd zòn#Lyen ekstèn]] for one that uses both {{tl|en}} and also {{tl|lang|en||}}. ::80% font size is okay for a note that says <small>(In English)</small>. It's not okay for text in the middle of an article, or in its title: "{{lang|en|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone}} is the first Harry Potter book." Also, I don't really want to see "(en)" in ordinary sentences. ::For pure markup purposes, then the visual editor adds the codes (same menu as other character formatting): <span lang="en" dir="ltr">This is English</span>. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 21:57 (UTC) :::The majority of articles using this template are directly translated from French, mainly using machine translation. Therefore, it is used in the same way as in the French version. If this template were to be changed now, wouldn't it require increased monitoring of translations coming from French? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 22:32 (UTC) ::::Well... that depends on whether the translation method is "Paste raw wikitext into Google Translate and hope that what comes out isn't too broken" or "Use the [[mw:Content translation]] tools, which are designed to map templates to their matching pairs via Wikidata". Google Translate screws up all kinds of things (e.g., turning <code><nowiki>[[Link]]</nowiki></code> into <code>[Link ] ]</code>) so this would be just one more among hundreds of problems it creates. ::::If we want to turn it into a way of wrapping some text in <code><nowiki><span lang="en" dir="ltr"></nowiki></code> tags, then we need to change the template. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 15 desanm 2024 à 02:11 (UTC) :::::I understand, maybe it's a copy of the English or French version? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 03:28 (UTC) ::::::The creator here spoke French, but the creation of this template predates the creation of [[w:fr:Modèle:Lang]] (which has since been renamed "Langue"). Meta-Wiki's and the English Wikipedia's are a couple of months older, but they don't match the formatting. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 20:07 (UTC) :::::::In this sense what do you think is the best solution according to you? We must correct it immediately and avoid the same thing in future articles. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 21:38 (UTC) ::::::::I replaced the template with the one from the English version ([[:en:template:Lang]]) although it will have an effect on the articles that use it, but I think it is better to use it instead ([[:fr:Modèle:en langue]]) <==> ht :([[modèl:Nan lang]]) to better respond. Here you have to scrupulously monitor the articles automatically translated from the French version. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 17 desanm 2024 à 14:41 (UTC) :::::::::That sounds good. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 19 desanm 2024 à 21:21 (UTC) ::::::::::Great [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 20 desanm 2024 à 18:47 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mars ocean theory]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:AncientMars.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Mars ocean theory''' states that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was covered by an ocean of liquid water early in the planet's geologic history. This primordial ocean, dubbed Paleo-Ocean or Oceanus Borealis (/oʊˈsiːənəs ˌbɒriˈælɪs/ oh-SEE-ə-nəs BORR-ee-AL-iss), would have filled the basin Vastitas Borealis in the northern hemisphere, a region that lies 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) below the mean planetary elevation, at a time period of approximately 4.1–3.8 billion years ago. Evidence for this ocean includes geographic features resembling ancient shorelines, and the chemical properties of the Martian soil and atmosphere <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 01:45 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2023 Slovenia floods]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Sava v Tacnu 4. avgusta ob 16h.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In August 2023, major floods occurred in large part of Slovenia and neighbouring areas of Austria and Croatia due to heavy rain. Amongst others, the level of rivers Sava, Mur and Drava was exceptionally high. Several settlements and transport links in Slovene Littoral, Upper Carniola and Slovenian Carinthia were flooded. Due to the amount of rain, the streams in Idrija, Cerkno and Škofja Loka Hills overflowed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 desanm 2024 à 02:55 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 in Your Country == [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless]] Dear Team, My name is Joris Darlington Quarshie (user: Joris Darlington Quarshie), and I am the Event Coordinator for the Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 (WLF) International campaign. Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 is a photographic competition aimed at highlighting folk culture worldwide. The annual international photography competition is held on Wikimedia Commons between the 1st of February and the 31st of March. This campaign invites photographers and enthusiasts of folk culture globally to showcase their local traditions, festivals, cultural practices, and other folk events by uploading photographs to Wikimedia Commons. As we celebrate the seventh anniversary of Wiki Loves Folklore, the international team is thrilled to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and organizations worldwide to host a local edition in their respective countries. This is an opportunity to bring more visibility to the folk culture of your region and contribute valuable content to the internet. * Please find the project page for this year’s edition at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025 * To sign up and organize the event in your country, visit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025/Organize If you wish to organize your local edition in either February or March instead of both months, feel free to let us know. In addition to the photographic competition, there will also be a Wikipedia writing competition called Feminism and Folklore, which focuses on topics related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture on Wikipedia. We welcome your team to organize both the photo and writing campaigns or either one of them in your local Wiki edition. If you are unable to organize both campaigns, feel free to share this opportunity with other groups or organizations in your region that may be interested. * You can find the Feminism and Folklore project page here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025 * The page to sign up is: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page For any questions or to discuss further collaboration, feel free to contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. If your team wishes to connect via a meeting to discuss this further, please let us know. We look forward to your participation in Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 and to seeing the incredible folk culture of your region represented on Wikimedia Commons. Sincerely, The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 08:50, 27 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Uganda Railways Corporation]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Schienenverkehr in Uganda]])&#32;([[:no:Uganda Railways Corporation]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:9620 mit Güterzug.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Uganda Railways Corporation''' (URC) is the parastatal railway of Uganda. It was formed after the breakup of the East African Railways Corporation (EARC) in 1977 when it took over the Ugandan part of the East African railways. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 desanm 2024 à 02:37 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28019313 --> == Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2025 == == Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2025 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"><em>{{int:please-translate}}</em></div> Dear {{PAGENAME}}, My name is [[User:SAgbley|Stella Agbley]], and I am the Event Coordinator for the Feminism and Folklore 2025 (FnF) International campaign. We're thrilled to announce the Feminism and Folklore 2025 writing competition, held in conjunction with Wiki Loves Folklore 2025! This initiative focuses on enriching Wikipedia with content related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture. === Why Host the Competition? === * Empower voices: Provide a platform for discussions on feminism and its intersection with folk culture. * Enrich Wikipedia: Contribute valuable content to Wikipedia on underrepresented topics. * Raise awareness: Increase global understanding of these important issues. === Exciting Prizes Await! === We're delighted to acknowledge outstanding contributions with a range of prizes: **International Recognition:** * 1st Prize: $300 USD * 2nd Prize: $200 USD * 3rd Prize: $100 USD * Consolation Prizes (Top 10): $50 USD each **Local Recognition (Details Coming Soon!):** Each participating Wikipedia edition (out of 40+) will offer local prizes. Stay tuned for announcements! All prizes will be distributed in a convenient and accessible manner. Winners will receive major brand gift cards or vouchers equivalent to the prize value in their local currency. === Ready to Get Involved? === Learn more about Feminism and Folklore 2025: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025 Feminism and Folklore 2025] Sign Up to Organize a Campaign: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page Campaign Sign-Up Page] === Collaboration is Key! === Whether you choose to organize both photo and writing competitions (Wiki Loves Folklore and Feminism and Folklore) or just one, we encourage your participation. If hosting isn't feasible, please share this opportunity with interested groups in your region. === Let's Collaborate! === For questions or to discuss further collaboration, please contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. We're happy to schedule a meeting to discuss details further. Together, let's celebrate women's voices and enrich Wikipedia with valuable content! Thank you, **Wiki Loves Folklore International Team** </div> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:02, 05 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Internment of Japanese Canadians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Japanese road camp.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> From 1942 to 1949, Canada forcibly relocated and incarcerated over 22,000 Japanese Canadians—comprising over 90% of the total Japanese Canadian population—from British Columbia in the name of "national security". The majority were Canadian citizens by birth and were targeted based on their ancestry. This decision followed the events of the Japanese Empire's war in the Pacific against the Western Allies, such as the invasion of Hong Kong, the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and the Fall of Singapore which led to the Canadian declaration of war on Japan during World War II. Similar to the actions taken against Japanese Americans in neighbouring United States, this forced relocation subjected many Japanese Canadians to government-enforced curfews and interrogations, job and property losses, and forced repatriation to Japan <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 6 janvye 2025 à 03:56 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28070038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas seals]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:no:Julemerke]])&#32;([[:ru:Рождественская виньетка]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:1915 US Christmas Seal.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas seals''' are adhesive labels that are similar in appearance to postage stamps that are sold then affixed to mail during the Christmas season to raise funds and awareness for charitable programs. Christmas seals have become particularly associated with lung diseases such as tuberculosis, and with child welfare in general. They were first issued in Denmark beginning in 1904, with Sweden and Iceland following with issues that same year. Thereafter the use of Christmas seals proved to be popular and spread quickly around the world, with 130 countries producing their own issues. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 13 janvye 2025 à 02:24 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28086717 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Scontri del Nagorno Karabakh del 2010]])&#32;([[:tr:2010 Dağlık Karabağ çatışmaları]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''2010 Nahorno karabakh war''' were a series of exchanges of gunfire that took place on February 18 on the line of contact dividing Azerbaijani and the Karabakh Armenian military forces. Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of firing on the Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu, Qızıloba, Qapanlı, Yusifcanlı and Cavahirli villages, as well as in uplands of Agdam Rayon with small arms fire including snipers. As a result, three Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and one wounded. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 20 janvye 2025 à 01:20 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28099770 --> == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 26 janvye 2025 à 06:24 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Doc James@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jinnah's birthday]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Yorkstatue.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jinnah's Birthday''', officially Quaid-e-Azam Day and sometimes known as Quaid Day, is a public holiday in Pakistan observed annually on 25 December to celebrate the birthday of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as Quaid-i-Azam ("Great Leader"). A major holiday, commemorations for Jinnah began during his lifetime in 1942, and have continued ever since. The event is primarily observed by the government and the citizens of the country where the national flag is hoisted at major architectural structures such as private and public buildings, particularly at the top of Quaid-e-Azam House in Karachi. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 27 janvye 2025 à 01:30 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28156501 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:French conquest of Corsica]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bataille de Ponte Novu.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''French conquest of Corsica''' was a successful expedition by French forces of the Kingdom of France under Comte de Vaux, against Corsican forces under Pasquale Paoli of the Corsican Republic. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 fevriye 2025 à 12:21 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Assassination of Spencer Perceval]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:PercevalShooting.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 11 May 1812, at about 5:15 pm, Spencer Perceval, the prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was shot dead in the lobby of the House of Commons by John Bellingham, a Liverpool merchant with a grievance against the government. Bellingham was detained; four days after the murder, he was tried, convicted and sentenced to death. He was hanged at Newgate Prison on 18 May, one week after the assassination and one month before the start of the War of 1812. Perceval remains the sole British prime minister to have been assassinated. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 fevriye 2025 à 02:18 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Malagasy constitutional referendum]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A constitutional referendum was held in Madagascar on 17 November 2010, in which voters approved a proposal for the state's fourth Constitution. The Malagasy people were asked to answer "Yes" or "No" to the proposed new constitution, which was considered to help consolidate Andry Rajoelina's grip on power. At the time of the referendum, Rajoelina headed the governing Highest Transitional Authority (HAT), an interim junta established following the military-backed coup d'état against then President Marc Ravalomanana in March 2009. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 fevriye 2025 à 01:21 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28245290 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cooler Heads Coalition]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Cooler Heads Coalition]])&#32;([[:fr:Cooler Heads Coalition]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cooler Heads Coalition''' is a politically conservative "informal and ad-hoc group" in the United States, financed and operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute. The group, which rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, made efforts to stop the government from addressing climate change. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 fevriye 2025 à 02:23 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28300238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:pt:Transmissor de Ondas]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Wave Transmitter]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Esq eletr transm ondas color.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Transmissor de Ondas''' é um equipamento precursor do rádio, desenvolvido por Roberto Landell de Moura na década de 1890, capaz de transmitir áudio via ondas eletromagnéticas, com sua primeira demonstração pública documentada tendo ocorrido no dia 16 de julho de 1899. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 mas 2025 à 01:50 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Smoky (mascotte olimpica)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Smoky (Olympic mascot)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Smoky 1932 Olympic Village Mascot.webp|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Smoky''' (Los Angeles, 1931 o 1932 - Los Angeles, aprile 1934), occasionalmente scritto Smokey, è stato un cane che divenne la mascotte del villaggio olimpico estivo del 1932 e, successivamente, dell'evento generale. Pur non essendo oggi riconosciuto dal CIO, è stato, seppur non in modo ufficiale, la prima mascotte olimpica dei Giochi, oltre che a essere attualmente l'unica a essere stata un animale vero. Le successive edizioni non ebbero mascotte, dovendo aspettare i X Giochi olimpici invernali di Grenoble nel 1968 per ritrovarne una ufficialmente riconosciuta, lo sciatore stilizzato Schuss, allora non considerato ufficiale ma successivamente riconosciuto come tale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 mas 2025 à 02:50 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Join Us Today: Amplify Women’s Stories on Wikipedia! == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}} Dear {{PAGENAME}}, {{quote|Join us this International Women’s Month to uncover hidden stories and reshape cultural narratives! Dive into an interactive workshop where we’ll illuminate gaps in folklore and women’s history on Wikipedia—and take action to ensure their legacies are written into history.}} Facilitated by '''Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight''', this workshop will explore how to identify and curate missing stories about women’s contributions to culture and heritage. Let’s work together to amplify voices that have been overlooked for far too long! == Event Details == * '''📅 Date''': Today (15 March 2025) * '''⏰ Time''': 4:00 PM UTC ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html Convert to your time zone]) * '''📍 Platform''': [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/87522074523?pwd=0EEz1jfr4i9d9Nvdm3ioTaFdRGZojJ.1 Zoom Link] * '''🔗 Session''': [[meta:Event:Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities|Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities]] * '''🆔 Meeting ID''': 860 8747 3266 * '''🔑 Passcode''': FNF@2025 == Participation == Whether you’re a seasoned editor or new to Wikipedia, this is your chance to contribute to a more inclusive historical record. ''Bring your curiosity and passion—we’ll provide the tools and guidance!'' '''Let’s make history ''her'' story too.''' See you there! Best regards,<br> '''Joris Quarshie'''<br> [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]] <div style="margin-top:1em; text-align:center;"> Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]] [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|msg]]) 07:15, 24 March 2025 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])&#32;([[:es:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frame A from Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo''''' (lit. 'Amazon: The Greatest River in the World') is a 1922 Brazilian silent documentary film produced in 1918 by Silvino Santos. It is a black-and-white film that portrays life in the Amazon rainforest. Completed in 1920, it is considered one of the oldest cinematic records of the Amazon. It was presumed lost in 1931 and only rediscovered in 2023 at the Czech Film Archive. Silvino Santos produced the work over three years using sophisticated cinematic techniques, which led it to be deemed of "immense artistic value" by Le Monde. It has also been described as the "Holy Grail of Brazilian silent cinema" by The Guardian. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 mas 2025 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28392163 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ali of the Eretnids]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:tr:Alaaddin Ali Bey]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ala al-Din Ali''' (January 1353 – August 1380) was the third Sultan of the Eretnids ruling from 1366 until his death. He inherited the throne at a very early age and was removed from administrative matters. He was characterized as particularly keen on personal pleasures, which later discredited his authority. During his rule, emirs under the Eretnids enjoyed considerable autonomy, and the state continued to shrink as neighboring powers captured several towns. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 mas 2025 à 01:59 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28433698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chilembwe uprising]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chilembwe supporters being led to be executed (cropped).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Chilembwe uprising''' was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his church in the village of Mbombwe in the south-east of the colony, the leaders of the revolt were mainly from an emerging black middle class. They were motivated by grievances against the British colonial system, which included forced labour, racial discrimination and new demands imposed on the African population following the outbreak of World War I. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 31 mas 2025 à 03:52 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:1930 Bago earthquake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:my:၁၉၃၀ ပဲခူးငလျင်]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Thiao Mueang Phama (1955, p. 165).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> An earthquake affected Myanmar on 5 May 1930 with a moment magnitude (Mw ) 7.4. The shock occurred 35 km (22 mi) beneath the surface with a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of IX (Devastating tremor). The earthquake was the result of rupture along a 131 km (81 mi) segment of the Sagaing Fault—a major strike-slip fault that runs through the country. Extensive damage was reported in the southern part of the country, particularly in Bago and Yangon, where buildings collapsed and fires erupted. At least 550, and possibly up to 7,000 people were killed. A moderate tsunami struck the Burmese coast which caused minor damage to ships and a port. It was felt for over 570,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi) and as far as Shan State and Thailand. The mainshock was followed by many aftershocks; several were damaging. The December earthquake was similarly sized which also occurred along the Sagaing Fault. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 7 avril 2025 à 01:54 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Museu de Zoologia da USP 02.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo''' (Portuguese: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, abbreviated MZUSP) is a public natural history museum located in the historic Ipiranga district of São Paulo, Brazil. The MZUSP is an educational and research institution that is part of the University of São Paulo. The museum began at the end of the 19th century as part of the Museu Paulista; in 1941, it moved into a dedicated building. In 1969 the museum became a part of the University of São Paulo, receiving its current name. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 avril 2025 à 02:27 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fear of crime]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ar:الخوف من الجريمة]])&#32;([[:it:Criminofobia]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fear of crime''' refers to the fear of being a victim of crime, which is not necessarily reflective of the actual probability of being such a victim. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 avril 2025 à 02:24 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28559524 --> == Invitation: Gendering the Archive - Building Inclusive Folklore Repositories (April 30th) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}} Dear {{PAGENAME}}, You are invited to a hands-on session focused on [[meta:Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation|Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation]]. This online workshop will guide participants on how to create, edit, and expand gender-inclusive folklore articles and multimedia archives on Wikipedia and Wikidata. The session will be led by Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu. === Objectives === * '''Design Inclusive Repositories:''' Learn best practices for structuring folklore archives that foreground gender perspectives. * '''Hands-On Editing:''' Practice creating and improving articles and items on Wikipedia and Wikidata with a gender-inclusive lens. * '''Collaborative Mapping:''' Work in small groups to plan new entries and multimedia uploads that document underrepresented voices. * '''Advocacy & Outreach:''' Discuss strategies to promote and sustain these repositories within your local and online communities. === Details === * '''Date:''' 30th April 2025 * '''Day:''' Wednesday * '''Time:''' 16:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone]) * '''Venue:''' Online (Zoom) * '''Speaker:''' Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu (Co-founder, Wikimedia Rwanda & Community Engagement Director) === How to Join === * '''Zoom Link:''' [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/89158738825?pwd=ezEgXbAqwq9KEr499DvJxSzZyXSVQX Join here] * '''Meeting ID:''' 891 5873 8825 * '''Passcode:''' FNF@2025 * '''Add to Calendar:''' [https://zoom.us/meeting/tZ0scuGvrTMiGNH4I3T7EEQmhuFJkuCHL7Ci/ics?meetingMasterEventId=Xv247OBKRMWeJJ9LSbX2hA Add to your calendar] '''' === Agenda === # Welcome & Introductions: Opening remarks and participant roll-call. # Presentation: Overview of gender-inclusive principles and examples of folklore archives. # Hands-On Workshop: Step-by-step editing on Wikipedia and Wikidata—create or expand entries. # Group Brainstorm: Plan future repository items in breakout groups. # Q&A & Discussion: Share challenges, solutions, and next steps. # Closing Remarks: Summarise key takeaways and outline follow-up actions. We look forward to seeing you there! Best regards,<br> Stella<br> Feminism and Folklore Organiser -[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 10:28, 24 April 2025 (UTC) </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=28399508 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Heritage preservation in South Korea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Korean.Dance-03.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The heritage preservation system of South Korea is a multi-level program aiming to preserve and cultivate Korean cultural heritage. The program is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), and the legal framework is provided by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act of 1962, last updated in 2012. The program started in 1962 and has gradually been extended and upgraded since then. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 avril 2025 à 00:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lhamana]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796 (cropped).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lhamana''', in traditional Zuni culture, are biologically male people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the pan-Indian two-spirit community. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 me 2025 à 07:29 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Gruppo del Sileno]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Parco3.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sileno ed Egle con Mnasilo e Cromi''', meglio noto come Gruppo del Sileno, è un monumento in marmo di Carrara, realizzato da Jean-Baptiste Boudard nel 1765 per il Giardino Ducale di Parma; sostituito nel 1991 con una copia in polvere di marmo e resina, l'originale si trova provvisoriamente nel chiostro della Fontana del monastero di San Paolo, in attesa della definitiva collocazione prevista all'interno del palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale nel parco Ducale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 me 2025 à 02:28 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28709947 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lorrin A. Thurston]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fi:Lorrin Thurston]])&#32;([[:ko:로린 A. 서스턴]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lorrinandrewsthurston1892.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lorrin Andrews Thurston''' (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was a Hawaiian citizen lawyer, politician, and businessman. Thurston played a prominent role in the revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom to replace Queen Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, with discreet US support for which Congress much later apologized. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916, he and his network lobbied with national politicians to create a national park to preserve the Hawaiian volcanoes. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 me 2025 à 02:33 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28731710 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Lamiera bugnata]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Tread plate]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Diamond Plate.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Una '''lamiera bugnata''' o mandorlata è una lamiera di metallo ottenuta dalla laminazione di una bramma attraverso rulli che, tramite punzonatura o goffratura, imprimono sulla lamina rilievi a forma di rombo o ellisse, detti bugne. Nel caso questi rilievi siano alternati singolarmente nei due assi, si parla di lamiera diamantata, mentre se le forme sono predisposte in maniera parallela per formare piccoli quadranti tra di loro tangenti, questo pattern viene identificato con il nome di mandorlato. We tend to ignore the fact that this type of plate is the only reason we don't slip when we walk on steel and wet or frozen surfaces. The Italian article it's short but quite complete, and has just the right amount of citations, unlike other poor languages' versions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 me 2025 à 06:04 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28751788 --> == Kanada == Bonjou, Nan paj [[Kanada]], mwen te wè ou te modifye infobox la avèk youn Wikipedya fransè. Tradiksyon an infobox sa a pa komplete, ou vle tradui li oubyen mwen ka fè sa mwen mèm ? (Petèt fen semèn sa a) [[Itilizatè:HalikhSovar78|HalikhSovar78]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:HalikhSovar78|diskisyon]]) 1 jen 2025 à 16:15 (UTC) 6vp8nzgq4is0xqw87q40ng261pqct7e 868033 867997 2025-06-02T05:39:31Z MediaWiki message delivery 11567 /* Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 */ nouvelle section 868033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Achiv auto | recherche = oui | âge = 90 jou }} == Modèl:Refsou == Is [[Modèl:Refsou]] the same as [[w:en:Template:Citation needed]]? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 19 jiyè 2024 à 17:14 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], Of course they are the same, and it is copied from the French version with translation into Haitian Creole [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 01:37 (UTC) ::So the same as [[Modèl:Referans nesesè]]? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 02:56 (UTC) == Thank You for Your Contribution to Feminism and Folklore 2024! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|center|500px]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikimedian, We extend our sincerest gratitude to you for making an extraordinary impact in the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition. Your remarkable dedication and efforts have been instrumental in bridging cultural and gender gaps on Wikipedia. We are truly grateful for the time and energy you've invested in this endeavor. As a token of our deep appreciation, we'd love to send you a special postcard. It serves as a small gesture to convey our immense thanks for your involvement in organizing the competition. To ensure you receive this token of appreciation, kindly fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeHYAhFA9Q5vUs9UA1N45TOUxUdSNO8igGTmg4oPUL_qXS1EQ/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] by August 15th, 2024. Looking ahead, we are thrilled to announce that we'll be hosting Feminism and Folklore in 2025. We eagerly await your presence in the upcoming year as we continue our journey to empower and foster inclusivity. Once again, thank you for being an essential part of our mission to promote feminism and preserve folklore on Wikipedia. With warm regards, '''Feminism and Folklore International Team'''. --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 jiyè 2024 à 12:28 (UTC) </div>. <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf2024&oldid=26557949 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rathaus-Glockenspiel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:2019-11-16, Glockenspiel, Neues Münchner Rathaus, IMG 7463 edit Christoph Braun.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Rathaus-Glockenspiel''' is a large mechanical clock located in Marienplatz Square, in the heart of Munich, Germany. Famous for its life-size characters, the clock twice daily re-enacts scenes from Munich's history. First is the story of the marriage of Duke Wilhelm V to Renata of Lorraine in 1568, followed by the story of the Schäfflerstanz, also known as the coopers' dance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 jiyè 2024 à 01:56 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])&#32;([[:nl:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Nederlandsche Cocainefabriek Schinkelstraat Amsterdam architect HH Baanders 1902.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek''' (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈneːdərlɑntsə koːkaːˈinəfaːˌbrik]; English: Dutch Cocaine Factory) or NCF was an Amsterdam-based company producing cocaine for medical purposes in the 20th century. It imported its raw materials mainly from the Dutch East Indies and sold its products across Europe, making good profits especially in the early years of World War I. The NCF produced morphine, heroin and ephedrine as well. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 jiyè 2024 à 01:44 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Suffrage drama]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pamphlet from NAWSA for women's suffrage plays, page 1.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Suffrage drama''' (also known as suffrage plays or suffrage theatre) is a form of dramatic literature that emerged during the British women's suffrage movement in the early twentieth century. Suffrage performances lasted approximately from 1907-1914. Many suffrage plays called for a predominant or all female cast. Suffrage plays served to reveal issues behind the suffrage movement. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 out 2024 à 02:13 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Karatgurk]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Karatgurk]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the Australian Aboriginal mythology of the Aboriginal people of south-eastern Australian state of Victoria, the '''Karatgurk''' were seven sisters who represented the constellation known in western astronomy as the Pleiades. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 out 2024 à 02:13 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27264174 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:B1 (classification)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''B1''' is a medical-based Paralympic classification for blind sport. Athletes in this classification are totally or almost totally blind. It is used by a number of blind sports including blind tennis, para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, blind cricket, blind golf, five-a-side football, goalball and judo. Some other sports, including adaptive rowing, athletics and swimming, have equivalents to this class. The B1 classification was first created by the IBSA in the 1970s, and has largely remained unchanged since despite an effort by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) to move towards a more functional and evidence-based classification system. Classification is often handled on the international level by the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) but it sometimes handled by national sport federations. There are exceptions for sports like athletics and cycling, where classification is handled by their own governing bodies. Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may differ from sport to sport, and may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and clapsticks. There may be some modifications related to equipment and rules to specifically address needs of competitors in this class to allow them to compete in specific sports. Some sports specifically do not allow a guide, whereas cycling and skiing require one. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 out 2024 à 01:56 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27278917 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Erzi (village)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Caucasus, Ingushetia, Ингушские боевые и смотровые башни, горы Кавказа.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Erzi''' (Russian: Эрзи; Ingush: Аьрзи, romanized: Ärzi, lit. 'Eagle') is a medieval village (aul) in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the rural settlement (administrative center) of Olgeti. The entire territory of the settlement is included in the Dzheyrakh-Assa State Historical-Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve and is under state protection. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 out 2024 à 03:19 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27345183 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cappadocian calendar]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cappadocian calendar''' was a solar calendar that was derived from the Persian Zoroastrian calendar. It is named after the historic region Cappadocia in present-day Turkey, where it was used. The calendar, which had 12 months of 30 days each and five epagomenal days, originated between 550 and 330 BC, when Cappadocia was part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The Cappadocian calendar was identical to the Zoroastrian calendar; this can be seen in its structure, in the Avestan names and in the order of the months. The Cappadocian calendar reflects the Iranian cultural influence in the region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 septanm 2024 à 01:42 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27357319 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Independence Day (Albania)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Independence Day''' (Albanian: Dita e Pavarësisë) is a public holiday in Albania observed on 28 November. It commemorates the Albanian Declaration of Independence (from the Ottoman Empire), which was ratified by the All-Albanian Congress on 28 November 1912, establishing the state of Albania. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 septanm 2024 à 00:29 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Voters == Have you invited eligible voters to [[Wikipedya:Administratè#Kitanago 2024-2025]], or would you like me to? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 27 septanm 2024 à 01:56 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], no I don't do it yet. Thanks for helping me! [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 01:32 (UTC) ::I'll post messages to the more active editors in [[Espesyal:ItilizatèAktif]]. (I have done this for admin elections here for years now.) [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 02:59 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wildlife of Bahrain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Birds in Al-Areen Wildlife Park.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The wildlife of the archipelago of Bahrain, is more varied than might be expected of this small group of islands in the Persian Gulf. Apart from a strip of the north and west of the main island, where crops are grown with irrigation, the land is arid. With a very hot dry summer, a mild winter, and brackish groundwater, the plants need adaptations in order to survive. Nevertheless, 196 species of higher plant have been recorded here, as well as about seventeen species of terrestrial mammals, many birds and reptiles, and many migratory birds visit the islands in autumn and spring. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 septanm 2024 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Little Danes experiment]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:آزمایش دانمارکی‌های کوچک]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Children play at a Danish Red Cross-run orphanage in Greenland.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''little Danes experiment''' was a 1951 Danish operation where 22 Greenlandic Inuit children were sent to Danish foster families in an attempt to re-educate them as "little Danes". While the children were all supposed to be orphans, most were not. Six children were adopted while in Denmark, and sixteen returned to Greenland, only to be placed in Danish-speaking orphanages and never live with their families again. Half of the children experienced mental health disturbances, and half of them died in young adulthood. The government of Denmark officially apologised in 2020, after several years of demands from Greenlandic officials. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 oktòb 2024 à 03:16 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kharayeb]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Muharram 1Oth-Ashouraa 2007 in Kharayeb - panoramio.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Kharayeb''' (Arabic: الخرايب) is a historic town in the Sidon District in the South Governorate, Lebanon. The town is 77 km (48 mi) south of Beirut, and stands at an average altitude of 190 m (620 ft) above sea level. The town boasts a rich historical legacy, with archaeological excavations revealing a complex settlement history spanning from Prehistory to the Ottoman period. Notably, Kharayeb's origins can be traced back to the Persian period (539–330 BC), when it played a pivotal role in the region's agricultural and economic landscape, culminating in the construction of its Phoenician temple around the 6th century BC. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 oktòb 2024 à 02:38 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Request == Hi! Can you please take a look at [[:Kategori:Pou efase]]? Thanks, [[Itilizatè:TenWhile6|TenWhile6]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:TenWhile6|diskisyon]]) 25 oktòb 2024 à 09:36 (UTC) :Okay [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 25 oktòb 2024 à 16:59 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklores 2024 Organizers Feedback == Dear Organizer, [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg | right | frameless]] We extend our heartfelt gratitude for your invaluable contributions to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2024 Feminism and Folklore 2024]. Your dedication to promoting feminist perspectives on Wikimedia platforms has been instrumental in the campaign's success. To better understand your initiatives and impact, we invite you to participate in a short survey (5-7 minutes). Your feedback will help us document your achievements in our report and showcase your story in our upcoming blog, highlighting the diversity of [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore] initiatives. Click to participate in the [https://forms.gle/dSeoDP1r7S4KCrVZ6 survey]. By participating in the By participating in the survey, you help us share your efforts in reports and upcoming blogs. This will help showcase and amplify your work, inspiring others to join the movement. The survey covers: #Community engagement and participation #Challenges and successes #Partnership Thank you again for your tireless efforts in promoting [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore]. Best regards,<br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 14:23, 26 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas horror]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Terror navideño]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Christmascarol1843 -- 169.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas horror''' is a fiction genre and film genre that incorporates horror elements into a seasonal setting. It is popular in multiple countries. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 oktòb 2024 à 02:05 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Placenta cake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:simple:Placenta cake]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bucharest, Greek pie-maker, 1880.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Placenta cake''' is a dish from ancient Greece and Rome consisting of many dough layers interspersed with a mixture of cheese and honey and flavored with bay leaves, baked and then covered in honey. The dessert is mentioned in classical texts such as the Greek poems of Archestratos and Antiphanes, as well as the De agri cultura of Cato the Elder. It is often seen as the predecessor of baklava and börek. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 4 novanm 2024 à 02:17 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == [Reminder] Apply for Cycle 3 Grants by December 1st! == Dear Feminism and Folklore Organizers, We hope this message finds you well. We are excited to inform you that the application window for Wikimedia Foundation's Cycle 3 of our grants is now open. Please ensure to submit your applications by December 1st. For a comprehensive guide on how to apply, please refer to the Wiki Loves Folklore Grant Toolkit: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_Grant_Toolkit Additionally, you can find detailed information on the Rapid Grant timeline here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid#Timeline We appreciate your continuous efforts and contributions to our campaigns. Should you have any questions or need further assistance, please do not hesitate to reach out: '''support@wikilovesfolkore.org''' Kind regards, <br> On behalf of the Wiki Loves Folklore International Team. <br> [[User:Joris Darlington Quarshie | Joris Darlington Quarshie]] ([[User talk:Joris Darlington Quarshie|talk]]) 08:39, 9 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Trisomy 16]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chromosome 16.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Trisomy 16''' is a chromosomal abnormality in which there are 3 copies of chromosome 16 rather than two. It is the most common trisomy leading to miscarriage and the second most common chromosomal cause of it, closely following X-chromosome monosomy. About 6% of miscarriages have trisomy 16. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 11 novanm 2024 à 02:09 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27708700 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Boana platanera]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Rana platanera - Boana platanera.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Boana platanera''''', commonly known as the banana tree dwelling frog, is a species of tree frog in the family Hylidae. It is distributed within Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago. Boana platanera was described in 2021, and individuals of the species were previously classified as Boana crepitans or Boana xerophylla. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 novanm 2024 à 02:53 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27735014 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wang Su-bok]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:وانگ سو بوک]])&#32;([[:ko:왕수복]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Wang Su-bok''' was a singer from North Korea, who was the most popular singer in Japanese-occupied Korea in 1935. She was credited as a ground-breaking female artist, whose work led the way for the modern K-pop phenomenon. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 25 novanm 2024 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Storm Filomena]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Spain’s chilly blanket ESA22415247.jpeg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Storm Filomena''' was an extratropical cyclone in early January 2021 that was most notable for bringing unusually heavy snowfall to parts of Spain, with Madrid recording its heaviest snowfall in over a century, and with Portugal being hit less severely. The eighth named storm of the 2020–21 European windstorm season, Filomena formed over the Atlantic Ocean close to the Canary Islands on 7 January, subsequently taking a slow track north-eastwards towards the Iberian Peninsula and then eastwards across the Mediterranean Sea. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 desanm 2024 à 02:48 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == [Workshop] Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia == Dear Recipient,<br> We are excited to invite you to the third workshop in our Advocacy series, part of the Feminism and Folklore International Campaign. This highly anticipated workshop, titled <b>"Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia,"</b> will be led by the esteemed Alex Stinson, Lead Program Strategist at the Wikimedia Foundation. Don't miss this opportunity to gain valuable insights into forging effective partnerships. ===Workshop Objectives=== * <b>Introduction to Partnerships: </b>Understand the importance of building win-win relationships within the Wikimedia movement. * <b>Strategies for Collaboration: </b>Learn practical strategies for identifying and fostering effective partnerships. * <b>Case Studies:</b> Explore real-world examples of successful partnerships in the Wikimedia community. * <b>Interactive Discussions: </b>Engage in discussions to share experiences and insights on collaboration and advocacy. ===Workshop Details=== 📅 Date: 7th December 2024<br> ⏰ Time: 4:30 PM UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1733589000 Check your local time zone])<br> 📍 Venue: Zoom Meeting ===How to Join:=== Registration Link: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Identifying_Win-Win_Relationships_with_Partners_for_Wikimedia <br> Meeting ID: 860 4444 3016 <br> Passcode: 834088 We welcome participants to bring their diverse perspectives and stories as we drive into the collaborative opportunities within the Wikimedia movement. Together, we’ll explore how these partnerships can enhance our advocacy and community efforts. Thank you, Wiki Loves Folklore International Team [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 07:34, 03 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Evènman nan Nouyòk == Bonjou ! Demen, dimanch 8 desanm, pral gen yon ti evènman nan Nouyòk, kote mwen pral montre kèk moun ki pale kreyòl ayisyen ki jan yo edite Wikipedia. Nou pral petèt kreye ak modifye kèk atik. Ou se administratè a, donk mwen te vle fè w konnen sa. Mwen pa pale kreyòl ayisyen byen, men mwen ka li ak ekri kreyòl yon ti, ak mwen pral fè tout sa mwen kapab pou gade ki moun sa a edite byen. Mèsi ! [[Itilizatè:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Amire80|diskisyon]]) 7 desanm 2024 à 21:02 (UTC) :Bonjou @[[Itilizatè:Amire80|Amire80]] ! Pa gen pwoblèm, si ou ta bezwen sipò mwen, pa neglije kontakte m. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 7 desanm 2024 à 22:43 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Syrian literature]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Poem about Baybars page 1 from Hakawati book.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Syrian literature''' is modern fiction written or orally performed in Arabic by writers from Syria since the independence of the Syrian Arab Republic in 1946. It is part of the historically and geographically wider Arabic literature. The modern states of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel as well as the Palestinian autonomous areas only came into being in the mid-20th century. Therefore, Syrian literature has since been referred to by literary scholarship as the national literature of the Syrian Arab Republic, as well as the works created in Arabic by Syrian writers in the diaspora. This literature has been influenced by the country's political history, the literature of other Arabic-speaking countries and, especially in its early days, by French literature. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 desanm 2024 à 01:59 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Lang template == In [https://ht.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doctor_Who&oldid=856014 this]: The {{tl|lang}} template here is meant to put a small (80%) language code in the article, like this: {{lang|en|Something}}. It has mostly been used in the ==External links== section. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 12 desanm 2024 à 17:36 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], Likewise in wp fr this model is used to indicate the language of a text, of any word. I don't know yet, does it have another role? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 20:20 (UTC) ::I think that [[Template:Lang]] on this wiki might have been intended, when it was originally created, to correspond to [[w:en:Template:In lang]] and not [[w:en:Template:Lang]]. See [[Lis endikatif telefòn entènasyonal pa kòd zòn#Lyen ekstèn]] for one that uses both {{tl|en}} and also {{tl|lang|en||}}. ::80% font size is okay for a note that says <small>(In English)</small>. It's not okay for text in the middle of an article, or in its title: "{{lang|en|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone}} is the first Harry Potter book." Also, I don't really want to see "(en)" in ordinary sentences. ::For pure markup purposes, then the visual editor adds the codes (same menu as other character formatting): <span lang="en" dir="ltr">This is English</span>. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 21:57 (UTC) :::The majority of articles using this template are directly translated from French, mainly using machine translation. Therefore, it is used in the same way as in the French version. If this template were to be changed now, wouldn't it require increased monitoring of translations coming from French? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 22:32 (UTC) ::::Well... that depends on whether the translation method is "Paste raw wikitext into Google Translate and hope that what comes out isn't too broken" or "Use the [[mw:Content translation]] tools, which are designed to map templates to their matching pairs via Wikidata". Google Translate screws up all kinds of things (e.g., turning <code><nowiki>[[Link]]</nowiki></code> into <code>[Link ] ]</code>) so this would be just one more among hundreds of problems it creates. ::::If we want to turn it into a way of wrapping some text in <code><nowiki><span lang="en" dir="ltr"></nowiki></code> tags, then we need to change the template. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 15 desanm 2024 à 02:11 (UTC) :::::I understand, maybe it's a copy of the English or French version? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 03:28 (UTC) ::::::The creator here spoke French, but the creation of this template predates the creation of [[w:fr:Modèle:Lang]] (which has since been renamed "Langue"). Meta-Wiki's and the English Wikipedia's are a couple of months older, but they don't match the formatting. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 20:07 (UTC) :::::::In this sense what do you think is the best solution according to you? We must correct it immediately and avoid the same thing in future articles. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 21:38 (UTC) ::::::::I replaced the template with the one from the English version ([[:en:template:Lang]]) although it will have an effect on the articles that use it, but I think it is better to use it instead ([[:fr:Modèle:en langue]]) <==> ht :([[modèl:Nan lang]]) to better respond. Here you have to scrupulously monitor the articles automatically translated from the French version. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 17 desanm 2024 à 14:41 (UTC) :::::::::That sounds good. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 19 desanm 2024 à 21:21 (UTC) ::::::::::Great [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 20 desanm 2024 à 18:47 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mars ocean theory]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:AncientMars.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Mars ocean theory''' states that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was covered by an ocean of liquid water early in the planet's geologic history. This primordial ocean, dubbed Paleo-Ocean or Oceanus Borealis (/oʊˈsiːənəs ˌbɒriˈælɪs/ oh-SEE-ə-nəs BORR-ee-AL-iss), would have filled the basin Vastitas Borealis in the northern hemisphere, a region that lies 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) below the mean planetary elevation, at a time period of approximately 4.1–3.8 billion years ago. Evidence for this ocean includes geographic features resembling ancient shorelines, and the chemical properties of the Martian soil and atmosphere <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 01:45 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2023 Slovenia floods]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Sava v Tacnu 4. avgusta ob 16h.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In August 2023, major floods occurred in large part of Slovenia and neighbouring areas of Austria and Croatia due to heavy rain. Amongst others, the level of rivers Sava, Mur and Drava was exceptionally high. Several settlements and transport links in Slovene Littoral, Upper Carniola and Slovenian Carinthia were flooded. Due to the amount of rain, the streams in Idrija, Cerkno and Škofja Loka Hills overflowed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 desanm 2024 à 02:55 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 in Your Country == [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless]] Dear Team, My name is Joris Darlington Quarshie (user: Joris Darlington Quarshie), and I am the Event Coordinator for the Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 (WLF) International campaign. Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 is a photographic competition aimed at highlighting folk culture worldwide. The annual international photography competition is held on Wikimedia Commons between the 1st of February and the 31st of March. This campaign invites photographers and enthusiasts of folk culture globally to showcase their local traditions, festivals, cultural practices, and other folk events by uploading photographs to Wikimedia Commons. As we celebrate the seventh anniversary of Wiki Loves Folklore, the international team is thrilled to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and organizations worldwide to host a local edition in their respective countries. This is an opportunity to bring more visibility to the folk culture of your region and contribute valuable content to the internet. * Please find the project page for this year’s edition at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025 * To sign up and organize the event in your country, visit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025/Organize If you wish to organize your local edition in either February or March instead of both months, feel free to let us know. In addition to the photographic competition, there will also be a Wikipedia writing competition called Feminism and Folklore, which focuses on topics related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture on Wikipedia. We welcome your team to organize both the photo and writing campaigns or either one of them in your local Wiki edition. If you are unable to organize both campaigns, feel free to share this opportunity with other groups or organizations in your region that may be interested. * You can find the Feminism and Folklore project page here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025 * The page to sign up is: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page For any questions or to discuss further collaboration, feel free to contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. If your team wishes to connect via a meeting to discuss this further, please let us know. We look forward to your participation in Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 and to seeing the incredible folk culture of your region represented on Wikimedia Commons. Sincerely, The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 08:50, 27 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Uganda Railways Corporation]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Schienenverkehr in Uganda]])&#32;([[:no:Uganda Railways Corporation]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:9620 mit Güterzug.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Uganda Railways Corporation''' (URC) is the parastatal railway of Uganda. It was formed after the breakup of the East African Railways Corporation (EARC) in 1977 when it took over the Ugandan part of the East African railways. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 desanm 2024 à 02:37 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28019313 --> == Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2025 == == Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2025 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"><em>{{int:please-translate}}</em></div> Dear {{PAGENAME}}, My name is [[User:SAgbley|Stella Agbley]], and I am the Event Coordinator for the Feminism and Folklore 2025 (FnF) International campaign. We're thrilled to announce the Feminism and Folklore 2025 writing competition, held in conjunction with Wiki Loves Folklore 2025! This initiative focuses on enriching Wikipedia with content related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture. === Why Host the Competition? === * Empower voices: Provide a platform for discussions on feminism and its intersection with folk culture. * Enrich Wikipedia: Contribute valuable content to Wikipedia on underrepresented topics. * Raise awareness: Increase global understanding of these important issues. === Exciting Prizes Await! === We're delighted to acknowledge outstanding contributions with a range of prizes: **International Recognition:** * 1st Prize: $300 USD * 2nd Prize: $200 USD * 3rd Prize: $100 USD * Consolation Prizes (Top 10): $50 USD each **Local Recognition (Details Coming Soon!):** Each participating Wikipedia edition (out of 40+) will offer local prizes. Stay tuned for announcements! All prizes will be distributed in a convenient and accessible manner. Winners will receive major brand gift cards or vouchers equivalent to the prize value in their local currency. === Ready to Get Involved? === Learn more about Feminism and Folklore 2025: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025 Feminism and Folklore 2025] Sign Up to Organize a Campaign: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page Campaign Sign-Up Page] === Collaboration is Key! === Whether you choose to organize both photo and writing competitions (Wiki Loves Folklore and Feminism and Folklore) or just one, we encourage your participation. If hosting isn't feasible, please share this opportunity with interested groups in your region. === Let's Collaborate! === For questions or to discuss further collaboration, please contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. We're happy to schedule a meeting to discuss details further. Together, let's celebrate women's voices and enrich Wikipedia with valuable content! Thank you, **Wiki Loves Folklore International Team** </div> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:02, 05 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Internment of Japanese Canadians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Japanese road camp.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> From 1942 to 1949, Canada forcibly relocated and incarcerated over 22,000 Japanese Canadians—comprising over 90% of the total Japanese Canadian population—from British Columbia in the name of "national security". The majority were Canadian citizens by birth and were targeted based on their ancestry. This decision followed the events of the Japanese Empire's war in the Pacific against the Western Allies, such as the invasion of Hong Kong, the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and the Fall of Singapore which led to the Canadian declaration of war on Japan during World War II. Similar to the actions taken against Japanese Americans in neighbouring United States, this forced relocation subjected many Japanese Canadians to government-enforced curfews and interrogations, job and property losses, and forced repatriation to Japan <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 6 janvye 2025 à 03:56 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28070038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas seals]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:no:Julemerke]])&#32;([[:ru:Рождественская виньетка]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:1915 US Christmas Seal.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas seals''' are adhesive labels that are similar in appearance to postage stamps that are sold then affixed to mail during the Christmas season to raise funds and awareness for charitable programs. Christmas seals have become particularly associated with lung diseases such as tuberculosis, and with child welfare in general. They were first issued in Denmark beginning in 1904, with Sweden and Iceland following with issues that same year. Thereafter the use of Christmas seals proved to be popular and spread quickly around the world, with 130 countries producing their own issues. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 13 janvye 2025 à 02:24 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28086717 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Scontri del Nagorno Karabakh del 2010]])&#32;([[:tr:2010 Dağlık Karabağ çatışmaları]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''2010 Nahorno karabakh war''' were a series of exchanges of gunfire that took place on February 18 on the line of contact dividing Azerbaijani and the Karabakh Armenian military forces. Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of firing on the Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu, Qızıloba, Qapanlı, Yusifcanlı and Cavahirli villages, as well as in uplands of Agdam Rayon with small arms fire including snipers. As a result, three Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and one wounded. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 20 janvye 2025 à 01:20 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28099770 --> == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 26 janvye 2025 à 06:24 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Doc James@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jinnah's birthday]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Yorkstatue.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jinnah's Birthday''', officially Quaid-e-Azam Day and sometimes known as Quaid Day, is a public holiday in Pakistan observed annually on 25 December to celebrate the birthday of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as Quaid-i-Azam ("Great Leader"). A major holiday, commemorations for Jinnah began during his lifetime in 1942, and have continued ever since. The event is primarily observed by the government and the citizens of the country where the national flag is hoisted at major architectural structures such as private and public buildings, particularly at the top of Quaid-e-Azam House in Karachi. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 27 janvye 2025 à 01:30 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28156501 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:French conquest of Corsica]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bataille de Ponte Novu.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''French conquest of Corsica''' was a successful expedition by French forces of the Kingdom of France under Comte de Vaux, against Corsican forces under Pasquale Paoli of the Corsican Republic. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 fevriye 2025 à 12:21 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Assassination of Spencer Perceval]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:PercevalShooting.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 11 May 1812, at about 5:15 pm, Spencer Perceval, the prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was shot dead in the lobby of the House of Commons by John Bellingham, a Liverpool merchant with a grievance against the government. Bellingham was detained; four days after the murder, he was tried, convicted and sentenced to death. He was hanged at Newgate Prison on 18 May, one week after the assassination and one month before the start of the War of 1812. Perceval remains the sole British prime minister to have been assassinated. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 fevriye 2025 à 02:18 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Malagasy constitutional referendum]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A constitutional referendum was held in Madagascar on 17 November 2010, in which voters approved a proposal for the state's fourth Constitution. The Malagasy people were asked to answer "Yes" or "No" to the proposed new constitution, which was considered to help consolidate Andry Rajoelina's grip on power. At the time of the referendum, Rajoelina headed the governing Highest Transitional Authority (HAT), an interim junta established following the military-backed coup d'état against then President Marc Ravalomanana in March 2009. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 fevriye 2025 à 01:21 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28245290 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cooler Heads Coalition]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Cooler Heads Coalition]])&#32;([[:fr:Cooler Heads Coalition]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cooler Heads Coalition''' is a politically conservative "informal and ad-hoc group" in the United States, financed and operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute. The group, which rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, made efforts to stop the government from addressing climate change. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 fevriye 2025 à 02:23 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28300238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:pt:Transmissor de Ondas]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Wave Transmitter]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Esq eletr transm ondas color.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Transmissor de Ondas''' é um equipamento precursor do rádio, desenvolvido por Roberto Landell de Moura na década de 1890, capaz de transmitir áudio via ondas eletromagnéticas, com sua primeira demonstração pública documentada tendo ocorrido no dia 16 de julho de 1899. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 mas 2025 à 01:50 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Smoky (mascotte olimpica)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Smoky (Olympic mascot)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Smoky 1932 Olympic Village Mascot.webp|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Smoky''' (Los Angeles, 1931 o 1932 - Los Angeles, aprile 1934), occasionalmente scritto Smokey, è stato un cane che divenne la mascotte del villaggio olimpico estivo del 1932 e, successivamente, dell'evento generale. Pur non essendo oggi riconosciuto dal CIO, è stato, seppur non in modo ufficiale, la prima mascotte olimpica dei Giochi, oltre che a essere attualmente l'unica a essere stata un animale vero. Le successive edizioni non ebbero mascotte, dovendo aspettare i X Giochi olimpici invernali di Grenoble nel 1968 per ritrovarne una ufficialmente riconosciuta, lo sciatore stilizzato Schuss, allora non considerato ufficiale ma successivamente riconosciuto come tale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 mas 2025 à 02:50 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Join Us Today: Amplify Women’s Stories on Wikipedia! == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}} Dear {{PAGENAME}}, {{quote|Join us this International Women’s Month to uncover hidden stories and reshape cultural narratives! Dive into an interactive workshop where we’ll illuminate gaps in folklore and women’s history on Wikipedia—and take action to ensure their legacies are written into history.}} Facilitated by '''Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight''', this workshop will explore how to identify and curate missing stories about women’s contributions to culture and heritage. Let’s work together to amplify voices that have been overlooked for far too long! == Event Details == * '''📅 Date''': Today (15 March 2025) * '''⏰ Time''': 4:00 PM UTC ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html Convert to your time zone]) * '''📍 Platform''': [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/87522074523?pwd=0EEz1jfr4i9d9Nvdm3ioTaFdRGZojJ.1 Zoom Link] * '''🔗 Session''': [[meta:Event:Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities|Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities]] * '''🆔 Meeting ID''': 860 8747 3266 * '''🔑 Passcode''': FNF@2025 == Participation == Whether you’re a seasoned editor or new to Wikipedia, this is your chance to contribute to a more inclusive historical record. ''Bring your curiosity and passion—we’ll provide the tools and guidance!'' '''Let’s make history ''her'' story too.''' See you there! Best regards,<br> '''Joris Quarshie'''<br> [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]] <div style="margin-top:1em; text-align:center;"> Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]] [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|msg]]) 07:15, 24 March 2025 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])&#32;([[:es:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frame A from Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo''''' (lit. 'Amazon: The Greatest River in the World') is a 1922 Brazilian silent documentary film produced in 1918 by Silvino Santos. It is a black-and-white film that portrays life in the Amazon rainforest. Completed in 1920, it is considered one of the oldest cinematic records of the Amazon. It was presumed lost in 1931 and only rediscovered in 2023 at the Czech Film Archive. Silvino Santos produced the work over three years using sophisticated cinematic techniques, which led it to be deemed of "immense artistic value" by Le Monde. It has also been described as the "Holy Grail of Brazilian silent cinema" by The Guardian. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 mas 2025 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28392163 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ali of the Eretnids]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:tr:Alaaddin Ali Bey]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ala al-Din Ali''' (January 1353 – August 1380) was the third Sultan of the Eretnids ruling from 1366 until his death. He inherited the throne at a very early age and was removed from administrative matters. He was characterized as particularly keen on personal pleasures, which later discredited his authority. During his rule, emirs under the Eretnids enjoyed considerable autonomy, and the state continued to shrink as neighboring powers captured several towns. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 mas 2025 à 01:59 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28433698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chilembwe uprising]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chilembwe supporters being led to be executed (cropped).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Chilembwe uprising''' was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his church in the village of Mbombwe in the south-east of the colony, the leaders of the revolt were mainly from an emerging black middle class. They were motivated by grievances against the British colonial system, which included forced labour, racial discrimination and new demands imposed on the African population following the outbreak of World War I. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 31 mas 2025 à 03:52 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:1930 Bago earthquake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:my:၁၉၃၀ ပဲခူးငလျင်]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Thiao Mueang Phama (1955, p. 165).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> An earthquake affected Myanmar on 5 May 1930 with a moment magnitude (Mw ) 7.4. The shock occurred 35 km (22 mi) beneath the surface with a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of IX (Devastating tremor). The earthquake was the result of rupture along a 131 km (81 mi) segment of the Sagaing Fault—a major strike-slip fault that runs through the country. Extensive damage was reported in the southern part of the country, particularly in Bago and Yangon, where buildings collapsed and fires erupted. At least 550, and possibly up to 7,000 people were killed. A moderate tsunami struck the Burmese coast which caused minor damage to ships and a port. It was felt for over 570,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi) and as far as Shan State and Thailand. The mainshock was followed by many aftershocks; several were damaging. The December earthquake was similarly sized which also occurred along the Sagaing Fault. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 7 avril 2025 à 01:54 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Museu de Zoologia da USP 02.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo''' (Portuguese: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, abbreviated MZUSP) is a public natural history museum located in the historic Ipiranga district of São Paulo, Brazil. The MZUSP is an educational and research institution that is part of the University of São Paulo. The museum began at the end of the 19th century as part of the Museu Paulista; in 1941, it moved into a dedicated building. In 1969 the museum became a part of the University of São Paulo, receiving its current name. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 avril 2025 à 02:27 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fear of crime]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ar:الخوف من الجريمة]])&#32;([[:it:Criminofobia]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fear of crime''' refers to the fear of being a victim of crime, which is not necessarily reflective of the actual probability of being such a victim. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 avril 2025 à 02:24 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28559524 --> == Invitation: Gendering the Archive - Building Inclusive Folklore Repositories (April 30th) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}} Dear {{PAGENAME}}, You are invited to a hands-on session focused on [[meta:Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation|Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation]]. This online workshop will guide participants on how to create, edit, and expand gender-inclusive folklore articles and multimedia archives on Wikipedia and Wikidata. The session will be led by Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu. === Objectives === * '''Design Inclusive Repositories:''' Learn best practices for structuring folklore archives that foreground gender perspectives. * '''Hands-On Editing:''' Practice creating and improving articles and items on Wikipedia and Wikidata with a gender-inclusive lens. * '''Collaborative Mapping:''' Work in small groups to plan new entries and multimedia uploads that document underrepresented voices. * '''Advocacy & Outreach:''' Discuss strategies to promote and sustain these repositories within your local and online communities. === Details === * '''Date:''' 30th April 2025 * '''Day:''' Wednesday * '''Time:''' 16:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone]) * '''Venue:''' Online (Zoom) * '''Speaker:''' Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu (Co-founder, Wikimedia Rwanda & Community Engagement Director) === How to Join === * '''Zoom Link:''' [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/89158738825?pwd=ezEgXbAqwq9KEr499DvJxSzZyXSVQX Join here] * '''Meeting ID:''' 891 5873 8825 * '''Passcode:''' FNF@2025 * '''Add to Calendar:''' [https://zoom.us/meeting/tZ0scuGvrTMiGNH4I3T7EEQmhuFJkuCHL7Ci/ics?meetingMasterEventId=Xv247OBKRMWeJJ9LSbX2hA Add to your calendar] '''' === Agenda === # Welcome & Introductions: Opening remarks and participant roll-call. # Presentation: Overview of gender-inclusive principles and examples of folklore archives. # Hands-On Workshop: Step-by-step editing on Wikipedia and Wikidata—create or expand entries. # Group Brainstorm: Plan future repository items in breakout groups. # Q&A & Discussion: Share challenges, solutions, and next steps. # Closing Remarks: Summarise key takeaways and outline follow-up actions. We look forward to seeing you there! Best regards,<br> Stella<br> Feminism and Folklore Organiser -[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 10:28, 24 April 2025 (UTC) </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=28399508 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Heritage preservation in South Korea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Korean.Dance-03.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The heritage preservation system of South Korea is a multi-level program aiming to preserve and cultivate Korean cultural heritage. The program is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), and the legal framework is provided by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act of 1962, last updated in 2012. The program started in 1962 and has gradually been extended and upgraded since then. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 avril 2025 à 00:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lhamana]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796 (cropped).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lhamana''', in traditional Zuni culture, are biologically male people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the pan-Indian two-spirit community. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 me 2025 à 07:29 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Gruppo del Sileno]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Parco3.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sileno ed Egle con Mnasilo e Cromi''', meglio noto come Gruppo del Sileno, è un monumento in marmo di Carrara, realizzato da Jean-Baptiste Boudard nel 1765 per il Giardino Ducale di Parma; sostituito nel 1991 con una copia in polvere di marmo e resina, l'originale si trova provvisoriamente nel chiostro della Fontana del monastero di San Paolo, in attesa della definitiva collocazione prevista all'interno del palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale nel parco Ducale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 me 2025 à 02:28 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28709947 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lorrin A. Thurston]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fi:Lorrin Thurston]])&#32;([[:ko:로린 A. 서스턴]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lorrinandrewsthurston1892.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lorrin Andrews Thurston''' (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was a Hawaiian citizen lawyer, politician, and businessman. Thurston played a prominent role in the revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom to replace Queen Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, with discreet US support for which Congress much later apologized. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916, he and his network lobbied with national politicians to create a national park to preserve the Hawaiian volcanoes. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 me 2025 à 02:33 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28731710 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Lamiera bugnata]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Tread plate]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Diamond Plate.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Una '''lamiera bugnata''' o mandorlata è una lamiera di metallo ottenuta dalla laminazione di una bramma attraverso rulli che, tramite punzonatura o goffratura, imprimono sulla lamina rilievi a forma di rombo o ellisse, detti bugne. Nel caso questi rilievi siano alternati singolarmente nei due assi, si parla di lamiera diamantata, mentre se le forme sono predisposte in maniera parallela per formare piccoli quadranti tra di loro tangenti, questo pattern viene identificato con il nome di mandorlato. We tend to ignore the fact that this type of plate is the only reason we don't slip when we walk on steel and wet or frozen surfaces. The Italian article it's short but quite complete, and has just the right amount of citations, unlike other poor languages' versions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 me 2025 à 06:04 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28751788 --> == Kanada == Bonjou, Nan paj [[Kanada]], mwen te wè ou te modifye infobox la avèk youn Wikipedya fransè. Tradiksyon an infobox sa a pa komplete, ou vle tradui li oubyen mwen ka fè sa mwen mèm ? (Petèt fen semèn sa a) [[Itilizatè:HalikhSovar78|HalikhSovar78]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:HalikhSovar78|diskisyon]]) 1 jen 2025 à 16:15 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Angelo azzurro (cocktail)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Ángel azul (cóctel)]])&#32;([[:fr:Ange bleu (cocktail)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Angelo Azzurro Cocktail.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''angelo azzurro''' è un cocktail alcolico italiano. È considerato uno dei cocktail più popolari in Italia negli anni novanta, insieme al B-52 e all'Invisibile. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 jen 2025 à 05:39 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> 9hgmp2arb4ycyrvs65pji1j9jpn09ai 0 67569 867922 819548 2025-05-31T08:08:19Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Lenelle Moïse |foto= |tèks=Lenelle Moïse (2012) |fonksyon=powèt, aktris ak senaris |domèn=televizyon, pwezi |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[1980]] |lye nesans=[[Pòtoprens]] |peyi nesans=[[Ayiti]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite= ayisyen |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Lenelle Moïse''', ki fèt nan lane [[1980]] nan [[Pòtoprens]] ([[Ayiti]]), se yon [[powèt]], [[Aktè|aktris]] ak reyalizatris teyat ayisyèn. == Biyografi == Kounye a ki baze nan Etazini, nan kolèj nan tout peyi a, li prezante travay sou [[Ras (klasifikasyon nan èt imen) | ras]], [[sèks]], [[klas sosyal]], [[imigrasyon]] ak [[Seksyalite imèn|seksyalite]]. Powèm ak esè Lenelle yo prezante nan plizyè [[antoloji]], ki gen ladan : ''Word Warriors: 35 Women Leaders'' nan ''the Spoken Word Revolution'' ak ''We Don't Need Another Wave: Dispatches from the Next Generation of Feminists''. == Zèv li yo == === Mizik === * ''Madivinez'' (CD) * ''Rebel Voices'' === Liv === * ''Haiti Glass'' === Teyat === * ''K-I-S-S-I-N-G'' * ''Merit'' * ''The Many Faces of Nia'' * ''Womb-Words'' * ''Expatriate'' * ''Thirsting'' * ''Ache What Make'' * ''Matermorphosis'' * ''Purple'' * ''Little Griot'' * ''Cornered in the Dark'' * ''Spilling Venus'' == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [http://www.lenellemoise.com/ Sitwèb ofisyèl Lenelle Moïse] {{DEFAULTSORT:Moïse, Lenelle}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Powèt ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1980]] [[Kategori:Ayisyen-Ameriken]] i96ij2bs3npt6750hf5qm23oslrdg1f 0 67915 867961 715984 2025-06-01T04:54:05Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Véronique Tadjo |foto=Veronique_Tadjo_IMG_2385.JPG |tèks=Véronique Tadjo |fonksyon=ekriven |domèn=literati |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[21 jiyè]] [[1955]] |lye nesans=[[Pari]] |peyi nesans=[[Frans]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite= ivwaryen |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Véronique Tadjo''', ki fèt [[21 jiyè]] [[1955]] nan [[Pari]], men edike nan [[Abidjan]], se yon ekriven [[Kòt divwa|ivwaryèn]], otè powèm, woman ak liv pou jenès ki te ilistre li menm. == Biyografi == == Zèv li yo == * [[1984]] : ''Latérite'' * [[1991]] : ''Le Royaume aveugle'' * [[1992]] : ''À vol d’oiseau'' * [[1995]] : ''À mi-chemin'' (Poèm) * [[2001]] : ''L’Ombre d’Imana : Voyages jusqu'au bout du Rwanda'' * [[2005]] : ''[[Reine Pokou]], concerto pour un sacrifice'' * [[2006]] : ''Champ de bataille et d'amour'' * 2007 : ''Ayanda La petite fille qui ne voulait pas grandir'' * [[2010]] : ''Loin de mon père'' === Liv pou jenès === * 1989 : ''La chanson de la Vie'' (rekey kont ak nouvèl), Monde Noir Poche Jeunesse, Hatier, Paris 1989 – épuisé réédité pa les NEI nan 2007. * 1993 : ''Mamy Wata et le Monstre'' (liv ilistre), NEI, Abidjan, 1993. Pri [[UNICEF]] 1993 nan "Biennale des Arts et Lettres de [[Daka (Senegal)|Dakar]]. « Mention d´honneur" an 1994 pou « Noma Award for publishing in Africa ». * 1993 : ''Le Seigneur de la Danse'', NEI, Abidjan * 1995 : ''Le grain de Maïs Magique'' (liv ilistre), NEI, Abidjan * 1996 : ''Grand-mère Nanan'' (liv ilistre), NEI, Abidjan * 1998 : ''Le bel oiseau et la pluie'', NEI, Abidjan, 1998. * 2002 : ''Masque, raconte-moi'', (liv ilistre) EDICEF-NEI, Paris-Abidjan * 2004 : ''Si j´étais roi, si j´étais reine'' (liv ilistre), NEI, Abidjan * 2007 : ''Ayanda'', la petite fille qui ne voulait pas grandir, Actes Sud Junior, Paris * 2010 : ''Mandela, non à l´apartheid !'' (fiksyon istorik) Actes Sud Junior, Paris * 2013 : ''Les enfants qui plantaient des arbres'' (albòm), Oskar, Paris * 2014 : ''Léopold Sédar Senghor, le poète des paroles qui durent'' (fiksyon istorik), A dos d’âne, Paris == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [http://www.veroniquetadjo.com/ Sitwèb ofisyèl Véronique Tadjo] * [http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/TadjoVeronique.html Biyografi Véronique Tadjo] {{DEFAULTSORT:Tadjo, Véronique}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Literati]] [[Kategori:Ekriven]] [[Kategori:Ekriven ivwaryen]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1955]] 1z5fbhgcusvwjsq000o8cbl91xje0x3 0 68571 867968 810754 2025-06-01T05:00:59Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Axelle Kabou |foto= |tèks=Axelle Kabou |fonksyon=Ekriven |domèn=Literati |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[1955]] |lye nesans=[[Douala]] |peyi nesans=[[Kamewoun]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite= kamewounè |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Axelle Kabou''', ki fèt [[1955]] nan [[Douala]] ([[Kamewoun]]), se yon [[ekspè]] nan kominikasyon estratejik. Nan nasyonalite franse ak [[Senegal]] epi yo pa [[Kamewoun|kamerounè]], Axelle Kabou se yon espesyalis du devlopman, konsiltant nan estrateji ak ansyen ot fonksyonè<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lagazette.sn/spip.php?article3409 |title=L'Afrique au XXIe siècle : une conversation de bistrot |date=11 novanm 2011 |access-date=7 janvye 2012 |editor=La gazette de Dakar |archive-date=2012-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419115432/http://www.lagazette.sn/spip.php?article3409 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. == Biyografi == == Zèv li yo == * 1991 ː ''Et si l'Afrique refusait le développement ?'', edisyon L'Harmattan, 207 paj, {{ISBN|978-2738408938}} * 2010 ː ''Comment l'Afrique en est arrivée là ?'', edisyon L'Harmattan, 426 paj, {{ISBN|978-2296104686}} == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabou, Axelle}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Literati]] [[Kategori:Ekriven]] [[Kategori:Ekriven kamewounè]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1955]] qahjgnm5c47t03umnux4b3lvqkri5u1 0 70303 867953 724760 2025-06-01T04:47:20Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867953 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Simbi''' (ou '''Sim'bi'''), nan [[vodou]] ayisyen, se yon fanmi [[lwa]] [[sèpan]] trè etandi, orijin [[Afrik santral]] ak oksidantal (rejyon [[Basen Kongo|Kongo]]). Yo se gadyen yo nan sous [[dlo]] ak pwen dlo. [[Kwayan]] ki posede pa lespri sa yo gen abitid pou yo voye tèt yo nan yon [[rivyè]] oswa yon letan pandan vizyon an. Doublè katolik yo se [[Wa maj]]. Lwa Simbi ki pi enpòtan yo ye '''Simbi Dlo''', '''Simbi Makaya''', '''Simbi Andezo''' (Simbi de (2) zo) ak '''Grann Simba'''. Yo tradisyonèlman asosye avèk dlo nan Rit Kongo, men nan vodou ayisyen yo gen yon seri pi laj nan asosyasyon. Pa egzanp, Simbi Makaya se yon gwo sòsye venere espesyalman nan sosyete sekrè Sanpwel. Simbi Anpaka se yon lwa plant, fèy ak pwazon. Yo genyen don [[klèvwayans]]. Simbi Ganga ki se yon medsen, itilize fèy ak kèk rasin, pou trètman. Kòm tout simbi, li renmen plonje nan dlo a, diferans lan sèlman se ke li gen dreadlocks. == Gade tou == Lòt lespri ki gen rapò ak dlo : *[[Damballa]] ak [[Ayida Wedo]] *[[Agwe]] *[[Mami Wata]] == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Vodou]] 8vmxgw5oc5x96r6uhied0lux7doc4qf 0 70690 867919 865797 2025-05-31T08:06:59Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|0|0 */ 867919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=acteur de films}}Colette Darfeuil, non sèn Emma Henriette Augustine Floquet, fèt yon 7 fevriye nan lane 1906 nan 15yèm awondisman Pari e li te mouri yon 15 oktòb nan lane 1998 nan Montfort-l'Amaury (Yvelines)[1], se yon aktris franse. == Biyografi == Yo antere l nan simityè Vanves . == Filmografi == === Peryòd : 1920/1929 === {{début de colonnes|taille=20}} * [[1920 au cinéma|1920]] : ''[[Les Étrennes à travers les âges]]'' de [[Pierre Colombier]] * [[1923]] : ''[[Le Château historique]]'' de [[Henri Desfontaines]] * [[1923]] : ''[[Le Retour à la vie (film, 1923)|Le Retour à la vie]]'' de [[Jacques Dorval]] * [[1923]] : ''[[L'Affaire du courrier de Lyon (film, 1923)|L'Affaire du courrier de Lyon]]'' de [[Léon Poirier]] * [[1923]] : ''[[Quelqu'un dans l'ombre]]'' de [[Marcel Manchez]] * [[1924]] : ''[[Madame Putiphar]]'' de [[Max Mack]] * [[1925]] : ''[[Mots croisés (film)|Mots croisés]]'' de [[Pierre Colombier]] et [[Michel Linsky]] * [[1925]] : ''[[La Justicière (film, 1925)|La Justicière]]'' de [[Maurice de Marsan]] et [[Maurice Gleize]] * [[1925]] : ''[[L'Homme des Baléares]]'' d'[[André Hugon]] * [[1926 au cinéma|1926]] : ''[[La Flamme (film, 1926)|La Flamme]]'' de [[René Hervil]] * [[1926 au cinéma|1926]] : ''[[La Réponse du destin]]'' d'[[André Hugon]] * [[1926 au cinéma|1926]] : ''[[Sables (film)|Sables]]'' de [[Dimitri Kirsanoff]] * [[1926 au cinéma|1926]] : ''[[L'Homme en selle]]'' de [[Manfred Noa]] * [[1926 au cinéma|1926]] : ''[[Les Fiançailles rouges]]'' de [[Roger Lion]] * [[1927]] : ''[[Le Navire aveugle]]'' de [[Jean Guarino-Glavany]] * [[1927]] : ''[[Paris, New York, Paris]]'' de [[Robert Péguy]] * [[1927]] : ''[[À quoi rêve une femme au printemps]]'' de [[Kurt Blachnitzky]] * [[1928]] : ''[[Papoul]]'' - court métrage - de [[Marc Allégret]] * [[1928]] : ''[[Gros sur le cœur]]'' de [[Pierre Weill (réalisateur)|Pierre Weill]] * [[1928]] : ''[[La Roche d'amour]]'' de [[Max Carton]] * [[1929 au cinéma|1929]] : ''[[Voici dimanche]]'' de [[Pierre Weill (réalisateur)|Pierre Weill]] * [[1929 au cinéma|1929]] : ''[[De sept heures à minuit]]'' - court métrage - de [[Pierre Weill (réalisateur)|Pierre Weill]] * [[1929 au cinéma|1929]] : ''[[Marius à Paris]]'' de [[Roger Lion]] * [[1929 au cinéma|1929]] : ''[[Sa maman]]'' de [[Gaston Maudu de Lacotte]] {{fin de colonnes}} === Peryòd 1930/1935 === * [[1930 (almanak gregoryen)|1930]] : ''L'Éternelle Idole'' de Guido Brignone * [[1930 (almanak gregoryen)|1930]] : ''La Bodega'' de Benito Perojo * [[1930 (almanak gregoryen)|1930]] : ''[[Eau, Gaz et Amour à tous les étages]]'' - court métrage - de Roger Lion * [[1930 (almanak gregoryen)|1930]] : ''Cendrillon de Paris'' de Jean Hémard * [[1930 (almanak gregoryen)|1930]] : ''Le Procureur Hallers'' de Robert Wiene * [[1930 (almanak gregoryen)|1930]] : ''[[Twopik|Tropiques]]'' - court métrage - de Jean Godard * [[1931 (almanak gregoryen)|1931]] : ''La Fin du monde'' d'[[Abel Gance]] * [[1931 (almanak gregoryen)|1931]] : ''Tu m'oublieras'' de Henri Diamant-Berger * [[1931 (almanak gregoryen)|1931]] : ''[[Le Lit conjugal (court-métrage)|Le Lit conjugal]]'' - court métrage - de Roger Lion * [[1931 (almanak gregoryen)|1931]] : ''Un coup de téléphone'' de [[Georges Lacombe (reyalizatè)|Georges Lacombe]] * [[1931 (almanak gregoryen)|1931]] : ''[[Fils à papa]]'' de Mohammed Karim * [[1931 (almanak gregoryen)|1931]] : ''Autour d'une enquête'' de Robert Siodmak et Henri Chomette * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Baroud'' de Rex Ingram * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''[[Une petite bonne sérieuse]]'' - court métrage - de [[Richard Weisbach]] et Marguerite Viel * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Colette et son mari'' (''Les Amoureux de Colette'') - court métrage - d'André Pellenc * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Y'en a pas deux comme Angélique'' de Roger Lion * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Le Rosier de madame Husson'' de Dominique Bernard-Deschamps * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Le Béguin de la garnison'' de Pierre Weill * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''L'Âne de Buridan'' de Alexandre Ryder * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Monsieur de Pourceaugnac'' de Gaston Ravel et Tony Lekain * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Mirages de Paris'' de Fedor Ozep : Juliette * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Le Truc du Brésilien'' de Alberto Cavalcanti * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Ce cochon de Morin'' de [[Georges Lacombe (reyalizatè)|Georges Lacombe]] * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''Le Martyre de l'obèse'' de Pierre Chenal * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''Pour un soir'' ou ''Stella Maris'' de Jean Godard * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''Tout pour l'amour'' de Joe May et [[Henri-Georges Clouzot]] * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''Pour être aimé'' de Jacques Tourneur * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''Feu Toupinel'' de Roger Capellani * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''La Vierge du rocher'' de Georges Pallu * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''Si tu vois mon oncle'' de Gaston Schoukens * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''Trois Balles dans la peau'' de Roger Lion * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''Cette nuit-là'' de Mark Sorkin * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''[[Jacqueline fait du cinéma]]'' de [[Jacques Deyrmon]] * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''Casanova'' de René Barberis * 1934 : ''La Maison dans la dune'' de [[Pierre Billon (reyalizatè)|Pierre Billon]] : Germaine * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''[[Nous marions Solange]]'' - court métrage - de Lucien Mayrargue * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''Mon cœur t'appelle'' de Carmine Gallone * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''Le Chéri de sa concierge'' de Giuseppe Guarino * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''Mam'zelle Spahi'' de Max de Vaucorbeil * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''Le Roi des Champs-Élysées'' de Max Nosseck : Simone * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''Minuit, place Pigalle'' de Roger Richebé : Charlotte * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''Les Bleus de la marine'' de Maurice Cammage * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''La Caserne en folie'' de Maurice Cammage * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''[[Mes bretelles]]'' de Gaston Schoukens * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''[[Un bout d'essai]]'' - court métrage - de Walter Kapps et [[Emile G. de Meyst|Emile G.]] [[Emile G. de Meyst|de Meyst]] * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''[[L'Espionne du palace]]'' - court métrage - de Gaston Jacquet et [[René Ruffi]] * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''[[J'épouserai mon mari]]'' - court métrage - de [[Maurice Labro]] et Pierre Weill * [[1935 (almanak gregoryen)|1935]] : ''Escale'' de Louis Valray * [[1935 (almanak gregoryen)|1935]] : ''[[Jonny haute couture|Jonny, haute-couture]]'' de Serge de Poligny * [[1935 (almanak gregoryen)|1935]] : ''Touche à tout'' de Jean Dréville * [[1935 (almanak gregoryen)|1935]] : ''Le Train d'amour'' de Pierre Weill * [[1935 (almanak gregoryen)|1935]] : ''Et moi j'te dis qu'elle t'a fait d'l'œil'' de Jack Forrester * [[1935 (almanak gregoryen)|1935]] : ''[[Bébé est un amour]]'' - court métrage - de [[M. Rugard|M.]] [[M. Rugard|Rugard]] * [[1935 (almanak gregoryen)|1935]] : ''Cinquième au d'ssus'' - court métrage - de Jacques Daroy === Peryòd 1936/1939 === * 6 : ''Michel Strogoff'' de Richard Eichberg et Jacques de Baroncelli * 1936 : ''Trois dans un moulin'' de Pierre Weill * 1936 : ''L'École des journalistes'' de [[Christian-Jaque]] * 1936 : ''La Course à la vertu'' de [[Maurice Gleize]] * 1936 : ''La Petite Dame du wagon-lit'' de Maurice Cammage * 1936 : ''Prête-moi ta femme'' de Maurice Cammage * 1936 : ''L'Empreinte rouge'' de Maurice de Canonge * 1936 : ''La Flamme'' d’André Berthomieu * 1936 : ''J'arrose mes galons'' de René Pujol * 1936 : ''Une gueule en or'' de Pierre Colombier * 1936 : ''Gigolette'' d’[[Yvan Noé]] * 1936 : ''Prends la route'' de [[Jean Boyer (reyalizatè)|Jean Boyer]] * 1936 : ''Tout va très bien madame la marquise'' d’Henry Wulschleger : Marie-Rose * 1936 : ''[[Ça n'a pas d'importance]]'' - court métrage - de [[Gaston Vidié]] * 1936 : ''[[Le Pigeon (court-métrage)|Le Pigeon]]'' - court métrage - d’Albert Riera * 1937 : ''La Chanson du souvenir'' de Dietlaf Sierck et Serge de Poligny * [[1937 (almanak gregoryen)|1937]] : ''Monsieur Bégonia'' d’[[André Hugon]] "Également la version italienne" : Émilienne * 1937 : ''Franco de port'' de Dimitri Kirsanoff : Thérèse * [[1937 (almanak gregoryen)|1937]] : ''Un soir à Marseille'' de Maurice de Canonge * 1937 : ''La Treizième Enquête de Grey'' de Pierre Maudru * [[1937 (almanak gregoryen)|1937]] : ''Tamara la complaisante'' de Félix Gandéra et [[Jean Delannoy]] * [[1937 (almanak gregoryen)|1937]] : ''Chéri-Bibi'' de Léon Mathot : Viviane * [[1937 (almanak gregoryen)|1937]] : ''La Belle de Montparnasse'' de Maurice Cammage * 1938 : ''Firmin, le muet de Saint-Pataclet'' de Jacques Séverac * [[1938 (almanak gregoryen)|1938]] : ''Le Patriote'' de [[Maurice Tourneur]] * [[1938 (almanak gregoryen)|1938]] : ''Prince de mon cœur'' de Jacques Daniel-Norman * [[1938 (almanak gregoryen)|1938]] : ''Bossemans et Coppenolle'' de Gaston Schoukens * 1938 : ''L'Avion de minuit'' de Dimitri Kirsanoff * 1939 : ''Quartier sans soleil'' de Dimitri Kirsanoff * [[1939 (almanak gregoryen)|1939]] : ''[[L'amour se fait ainsi]]'' de Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia * [[1939 (almanak gregoryen)|1939]] : ''Cas de conscience'' de Walter Kapps * [[1939 (almanak gregoryen)|1939]] : ''Sidi-Brahim'' de [[Marc Didier]] === Peryòd 1940/1953 === * [[1941 (almanak gregoryen)|1941]] : ''Klib pretandan yo'' pa [[Maurice Gleize]] * [[1943 (almanak gregoryen)|1943]] : ''Se konsa papa ak pitit'' pa [[Julien Duvivier]] * [[1943 (almanak gregoryen)|1943]] : ''The Endless Staircase'' pa [[Georges Lacombe (reyalizatè)|Georges Lacombe]] * [[1943 (almanak gregoryen)|1943]] : ''Occult Forces'' - fim mwayen - pa Jean Mamy ak Paul Riche * [[1945 (almanak gregoryen)|1945]] : ''Malè Sophie'' pa Jacqueline Audry * [[1948 (almanak gregoryen)|1948]] : ''Memwa pa pou vann'' pa Robert Hennion * [[1949 (almanak gregoryen)|1949]] : ''Vagabon rèv yo'' pa Charles-Félix Tavano * [[1950 (almanak gregoryen)|1950]] : ''Ferret la'' pa Raymond Leboursier * [[1950 (almanak gregoryen)|1950]] : Raymond Leboursier ''menas lanmò'' * [[1951 (almanak gregoryen)|1951]] : ''Bibi Fricotin'' pa Marcel Blistène * [[1951 (almanak gregoryen)|1951]] : ''Nonm fò Batignolles'' pa Guy Lacourt * [[1952 (almanak gregoryen)|1952]] : ''Laj sa a san pitye'' pa Marcel Blistène * [[1952 (almanak gregoryen)|1952]] : ''Ti fi ak fwèt la'' pa Jean Dréville * [[1952 (almanak gregoryen)|1952]] : ''[[Das Geheimnis vom Bergsee|Geheimnis nan mòn yo]]'' pa Jean Dréville "Vèsyon Alman fim anvan an" * [[1953 (almanak gregoryen)|1953]] : ''[[L'Homme trahi|The Betrayed Man]]'' pa Walter Kapps, yon fim ki te rete fini == Bibliyografi == * Raymond Chirat et Olivier Barrot, Les excentriques du cinéma français : 1929-1958, [[Pari]]<nowiki/>s, Henri Veyrier, 1983, 272 p. (ISBN 978-2-85199-304-5) * Yvan Foucart, Dictionnaire des comédiens français disparus : 694 portraits, 2147 noms, Mormoiron, Y. Foucart, 2007, 1185 p. (ISBN 978-2-9531139-0-7). == Nòt ak referans == {{Referans}} == Lyen ekstèn == {{Liens}} * [http://www.lesgensducinema.com/affiche_acteur.php?mots=Colette+Darfeuil&nom_acteur=DARFEUIL%20Colette&ident=9127&debut=0&record=1&from=ok ''Les Gens du cinéma''] * [http://encinematheque.fr/bibli/A0/A088/index.php ''L'Encinémathèque''] [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] mvzysv9w9xdy0cp9r8c4pitpm1cdhy3 867920 867919 2025-05-31T08:07:32Z Diego Agado 34785 867920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=acteur de films}}Colette Darfeuil, non sèn Emma Henriette Augustine Floquet, fèt yon 7 fevriye nan lane 1906 nan 15yèm awondisman Pari e li te mouri yon 15 oktòb nan lane 1998 nan Montfort-l'Amaury (Yvelines)[1], se yon aktris franse. == Biyografi == Yo antere l nan simityè Vanves . == Filmografi == === Peryòd : 1920/1929 === * [[1920 au cinéma|1920]] : ''[[Les Étrennes à travers les âges]]'' de [[Pierre Colombier]] * [[1923]] : ''[[Le Château historique]]'' de [[Henri Desfontaines]] * [[1923]] : ''[[Le Retour à la vie (film, 1923)|Le Retour à la vie]]'' de [[Jacques Dorval]] * [[1923]] : ''[[L'Affaire du courrier de Lyon (film, 1923)|L'Affaire du courrier de Lyon]]'' de [[Léon Poirier]] * [[1923]] : ''[[Quelqu'un dans l'ombre]]'' de [[Marcel Manchez]] * [[1924]] : ''[[Madame Putiphar]]'' de [[Max Mack]] * [[1925]] : ''[[Mots croisés (film)|Mots croisés]]'' de [[Pierre Colombier]] et [[Michel Linsky]] * [[1925]] : ''[[La Justicière (film, 1925)|La Justicière]]'' de [[Maurice de Marsan]] et [[Maurice Gleize]] * [[1925]] : ''[[L'Homme des Baléares]]'' d'[[André Hugon]] * [[1926 au cinéma|1926]] : ''[[La Flamme (film, 1926)|La Flamme]]'' de [[René Hervil]] * [[1926 au cinéma|1926]] : ''[[La Réponse du destin]]'' d'[[André Hugon]] * [[1926 au cinéma|1926]] : ''[[Sables (film)|Sables]]'' de [[Dimitri Kirsanoff]] * [[1926 au cinéma|1926]] : ''[[L'Homme en selle]]'' de [[Manfred Noa]] * [[1926 au cinéma|1926]] : ''[[Les Fiançailles rouges]]'' de [[Roger Lion]] * [[1927]] : ''[[Le Navire aveugle]]'' de [[Jean Guarino-Glavany]] * [[1927]] : ''[[Paris, New York, Paris]]'' de [[Robert Péguy]] * [[1927]] : ''[[À quoi rêve une femme au printemps]]'' de [[Kurt Blachnitzky]] * [[1928]] : ''[[Papoul]]'' - court métrage - de [[Marc Allégret]] * [[1928]] : ''[[Gros sur le cœur]]'' de [[Pierre Weill (réalisateur)|Pierre Weill]] * [[1928]] : ''[[La Roche d'amour]]'' de [[Max Carton]] * [[1929 au cinéma|1929]] : ''[[Voici dimanche]]'' de [[Pierre Weill (réalisateur)|Pierre Weill]] * [[1929 au cinéma|1929]] : ''[[De sept heures à minuit]]'' - court métrage - de [[Pierre Weill (réalisateur)|Pierre Weill]] * [[1929 au cinéma|1929]] : ''[[Marius à Paris]]'' de [[Roger Lion]] * [[1929 au cinéma|1929]] : ''[[Sa maman]]'' de [[Gaston Maudu de Lacotte]] === Peryòd 1930/1935 === * [[1930 (almanak gregoryen)|1930]] : ''L'Éternelle Idole'' de Guido Brignone * [[1930 (almanak gregoryen)|1930]] : ''La Bodega'' de Benito Perojo * [[1930 (almanak gregoryen)|1930]] : ''[[Eau, Gaz et Amour à tous les étages]]'' - court métrage - de Roger Lion * [[1930 (almanak gregoryen)|1930]] : ''Cendrillon de Paris'' de Jean Hémard * [[1930 (almanak gregoryen)|1930]] : ''Le Procureur Hallers'' de Robert Wiene * [[1930 (almanak gregoryen)|1930]] : ''[[Twopik|Tropiques]]'' - court métrage - de Jean Godard * [[1931 (almanak gregoryen)|1931]] : ''La Fin du monde'' d'[[Abel Gance]] * [[1931 (almanak gregoryen)|1931]] : ''Tu m'oublieras'' de Henri Diamant-Berger * [[1931 (almanak gregoryen)|1931]] : ''[[Le Lit conjugal (court-métrage)|Le Lit conjugal]]'' - court métrage - de Roger Lion * [[1931 (almanak gregoryen)|1931]] : ''Un coup de téléphone'' de [[Georges Lacombe (reyalizatè)|Georges Lacombe]] * [[1931 (almanak gregoryen)|1931]] : ''[[Fils à papa]]'' de Mohammed Karim * [[1931 (almanak gregoryen)|1931]] : ''Autour d'une enquête'' de Robert Siodmak et Henri Chomette * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Baroud'' de Rex Ingram * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''[[Une petite bonne sérieuse]]'' - court métrage - de [[Richard Weisbach]] et Marguerite Viel * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Colette et son mari'' (''Les Amoureux de Colette'') - court métrage - d'André Pellenc * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Y'en a pas deux comme Angélique'' de Roger Lion * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Le Rosier de madame Husson'' de Dominique Bernard-Deschamps * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Le Béguin de la garnison'' de Pierre Weill * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''L'Âne de Buridan'' de Alexandre Ryder * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Monsieur de Pourceaugnac'' de Gaston Ravel et Tony Lekain * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Mirages de Paris'' de Fedor Ozep : Juliette * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Le Truc du Brésilien'' de Alberto Cavalcanti * [[1932 (almanak gregoryen)|1932]] : ''Ce cochon de Morin'' de [[Georges Lacombe (reyalizatè)|Georges Lacombe]] * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''Le Martyre de l'obèse'' de Pierre Chenal * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''Pour un soir'' ou ''Stella Maris'' de Jean Godard * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''Tout pour l'amour'' de Joe May et [[Henri-Georges Clouzot]] * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''Pour être aimé'' de Jacques Tourneur * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''Feu Toupinel'' de Roger Capellani * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''La Vierge du rocher'' de Georges Pallu * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''Si tu vois mon oncle'' de Gaston Schoukens * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''Trois Balles dans la peau'' de Roger Lion * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''Cette nuit-là'' de Mark Sorkin * [[1933 (almanak gregoryen)|1933]] : ''[[Jacqueline fait du cinéma]]'' de [[Jacques Deyrmon]] * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''Casanova'' de René Barberis * 1934 : ''La Maison dans la dune'' de [[Pierre Billon (reyalizatè)|Pierre Billon]] : Germaine * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''[[Nous marions Solange]]'' - court métrage - de Lucien Mayrargue * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''Mon cœur t'appelle'' de Carmine Gallone * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''Le Chéri de sa concierge'' de Giuseppe Guarino * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''Mam'zelle Spahi'' de Max de Vaucorbeil * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''Le Roi des Champs-Élysées'' de Max Nosseck : Simone * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''Minuit, place Pigalle'' de Roger Richebé : Charlotte * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''Les Bleus de la marine'' de Maurice Cammage * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''La Caserne en folie'' de Maurice Cammage * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''[[Mes bretelles]]'' de Gaston Schoukens * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''[[Un bout d'essai]]'' - court métrage - de Walter Kapps et [[Emile G. de Meyst|Emile G.]] [[Emile G. de Meyst|de Meyst]] * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''[[L'Espionne du palace]]'' - court métrage - de Gaston Jacquet et [[René Ruffi]] * [[1934 (almanak gregoryen)|1934]] : ''[[J'épouserai mon mari]]'' - court métrage - de [[Maurice Labro]] et Pierre Weill * [[1935 (almanak gregoryen)|1935]] : ''Escale'' de Louis Valray * [[1935 (almanak gregoryen)|1935]] : ''[[Jonny haute couture|Jonny, haute-couture]]'' de Serge de Poligny * [[1935 (almanak gregoryen)|1935]] : ''Touche à tout'' de Jean Dréville * [[1935 (almanak gregoryen)|1935]] : ''Le Train d'amour'' de Pierre Weill * [[1935 (almanak gregoryen)|1935]] : ''Et moi j'te dis qu'elle t'a fait d'l'œil'' de Jack Forrester * [[1935 (almanak gregoryen)|1935]] : ''[[Bébé est un amour]]'' - court métrage - de [[M. Rugard|M.]] [[M. Rugard|Rugard]] * [[1935 (almanak gregoryen)|1935]] : ''Cinquième au d'ssus'' - court métrage - de Jacques Daroy === Peryòd 1936/1939 === * 6 : ''Michel Strogoff'' de Richard Eichberg et Jacques de Baroncelli * 1936 : ''Trois dans un moulin'' de Pierre Weill * 1936 : ''L'École des journalistes'' de [[Christian-Jaque]] * 1936 : ''La Course à la vertu'' de [[Maurice Gleize]] * 1936 : ''La Petite Dame du wagon-lit'' de Maurice Cammage * 1936 : ''Prête-moi ta femme'' de Maurice Cammage * 1936 : ''L'Empreinte rouge'' de Maurice de Canonge * 1936 : ''La Flamme'' d’André Berthomieu * 1936 : ''J'arrose mes galons'' de René Pujol * 1936 : ''Une gueule en or'' de Pierre Colombier * 1936 : ''Gigolette'' d’[[Yvan Noé]] * 1936 : ''Prends la route'' de [[Jean Boyer (reyalizatè)|Jean Boyer]] * 1936 : ''Tout va très bien madame la marquise'' d’Henry Wulschleger : Marie-Rose * 1936 : ''[[Ça n'a pas d'importance]]'' - court métrage - de [[Gaston Vidié]] * 1936 : ''[[Le Pigeon (court-métrage)|Le Pigeon]]'' - court métrage - d’Albert Riera * 1937 : ''La Chanson du souvenir'' de Dietlaf Sierck et Serge de Poligny * [[1937 (almanak gregoryen)|1937]] : ''Monsieur Bégonia'' d’[[André Hugon]] "Également la version italienne" : Émilienne * 1937 : ''Franco de port'' de Dimitri Kirsanoff : Thérèse * [[1937 (almanak gregoryen)|1937]] : ''Un soir à Marseille'' de Maurice de Canonge * 1937 : ''La Treizième Enquête de Grey'' de Pierre Maudru * [[1937 (almanak gregoryen)|1937]] : ''Tamara la complaisante'' de Félix Gandéra et [[Jean Delannoy]] * [[1937 (almanak gregoryen)|1937]] : ''Chéri-Bibi'' de Léon Mathot : Viviane * [[1937 (almanak gregoryen)|1937]] : ''La Belle de Montparnasse'' de Maurice Cammage * 1938 : ''Firmin, le muet de Saint-Pataclet'' de Jacques Séverac * [[1938 (almanak gregoryen)|1938]] : ''Le Patriote'' de [[Maurice Tourneur]] * [[1938 (almanak gregoryen)|1938]] : ''Prince de mon cœur'' de Jacques Daniel-Norman * [[1938 (almanak gregoryen)|1938]] : ''Bossemans et Coppenolle'' de Gaston Schoukens * 1938 : ''L'Avion de minuit'' de Dimitri Kirsanoff * 1939 : ''Quartier sans soleil'' de Dimitri Kirsanoff * [[1939 (almanak gregoryen)|1939]] : ''[[L'amour se fait ainsi]]'' de Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia * [[1939 (almanak gregoryen)|1939]] : ''Cas de conscience'' de Walter Kapps * [[1939 (almanak gregoryen)|1939]] : ''Sidi-Brahim'' de [[Marc Didier]] === Peryòd 1940/1953 === * [[1941 (almanak gregoryen)|1941]] : ''Klib pretandan yo'' pa [[Maurice Gleize]] * [[1943 (almanak gregoryen)|1943]] : ''Se konsa papa ak pitit'' pa [[Julien Duvivier]] * [[1943 (almanak gregoryen)|1943]] : ''The Endless Staircase'' pa [[Georges Lacombe (reyalizatè)|Georges Lacombe]] * [[1943 (almanak gregoryen)|1943]] : ''Occult Forces'' - fim mwayen - pa Jean Mamy ak Paul Riche * [[1945 (almanak gregoryen)|1945]] : ''Malè Sophie'' pa Jacqueline Audry * [[1948 (almanak gregoryen)|1948]] : ''Memwa pa pou vann'' pa Robert Hennion * [[1949 (almanak gregoryen)|1949]] : ''Vagabon rèv yo'' pa Charles-Félix Tavano * [[1950 (almanak gregoryen)|1950]] : ''Ferret la'' pa Raymond Leboursier * [[1950 (almanak gregoryen)|1950]] : Raymond Leboursier ''menas lanmò'' * [[1951 (almanak gregoryen)|1951]] : ''Bibi Fricotin'' pa Marcel Blistène * [[1951 (almanak gregoryen)|1951]] : ''Nonm fò Batignolles'' pa Guy Lacourt * [[1952 (almanak gregoryen)|1952]] : ''Laj sa a san pitye'' pa Marcel Blistène * [[1952 (almanak gregoryen)|1952]] : ''Ti fi ak fwèt la'' pa Jean Dréville * [[1952 (almanak gregoryen)|1952]] : ''[[Das Geheimnis vom Bergsee|Geheimnis nan mòn yo]]'' pa Jean Dréville "Vèsyon Alman fim anvan an" * [[1953 (almanak gregoryen)|1953]] : ''[[L'Homme trahi|The Betrayed Man]]'' pa Walter Kapps, yon fim ki te rete fini == Bibliyografi == * Raymond Chirat et Olivier Barrot, Les excentriques du cinéma français : 1929-1958, [[Pari]]<nowiki/>s, Henri Veyrier, 1983, 272 p. (ISBN 978-2-85199-304-5) * Yvan Foucart, Dictionnaire des comédiens français disparus : 694 portraits, 2147 noms, Mormoiron, Y. Foucart, 2007, 1185 p. (ISBN 978-2-9531139-0-7). == Nòt ak referans == {{Referans}} == Lyen ekstèn == {{Liens}} * [http://www.lesgensducinema.com/affiche_acteur.php?mots=Colette+Darfeuil&nom_acteur=DARFEUIL%20Colette&ident=9127&debut=0&record=1&from=ok ''Les Gens du cinéma''] * [http://encinematheque.fr/bibli/A0/A088/index.php ''L'Encinémathèque''] [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] dvdefk13552iq2yuvxmui61kwzrypg7 0 71472 867985 729373 2025-06-01T05:27:34Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867985 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Relasyon ant [[Ayiti]] ak [[Jamayik]]''' refere a relasyon aktyèl ak istorik ant [[Ayiti|Repiblik Ayiti]] ak [[Jamayik]] . Tou de (2) peyi yo gen konsila onorè nan [[kapital]] respektif yo. Depi endepandans Ayiti a nan lane 1804, Jamayik te yon destinasyon souvan pou ansyen lidè ak [[politisyen]] ayisyen nan egzil, kòmanse ak twazyèm prezidan an, [[Charles Rivière Hérard|Charles Rivière-Hérard]]. Nan mwa janvye 2007, Prezidan ayisyen [[René Préval]] te fè yon vizit travay kat (4) jou nan Jamayik. Nan yon konferans pou laprès, Premye Minis jamayikèn Portia Simpson Miller te anonse konvokasyon yon komisyon komen Jamayik / Ayiti pita nan ane a. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000050/005020.htm |title=Jamaica and Haiti to deepen diplomatic relations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070805044848/http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000050/005020.htm|archive-date=5 out 2007|access-date=6 janvye 2007}}</ref> Tou de (2) peyi yo pataje yon fwontyè maritim. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Ayiti]] [[Kategori:Jamayik]] [[Kategori:Relasyon entènasyonal]] q6ykuacxfaef0oejverf2dee6bursxb 0 71564 867974 867682 2025-06-01T05:08:41Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867974 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marc Collat''', ki fèt [[24 me]] [[1950]] nan [[Fòd Fwans]] nan [[Matinik]], se yon [[Foutbòl|foutbalè]] epi antrenè [[Frans|franse]]. == Biyografi == Tankou yon defansè depi nan kòmansman ane 1970 yo rive nan kòmansman ane 1980 yo, li te pase pifò karyè li nan USM Malakoff . Tankou yon antrenè, li dirije sitou US Créteil, Stad briochin a, Stad Reims la (de (2) fwa) ak Clermont Foot . === Ekip foutbòl Ayiti === Nonmen nan mwa janvye 2014 seleksyonè nan [[Ekip foutbòl Ayiti|Ayiti]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/nouvelles/sports/marc_collat_le_nouvel_entraineur_de_la_s_lection_nationale_en_ha.html|title=Marc Collat le nouvel entraineur de la Sélection Nationale en Haiti ce dimanche|date=11 janvier 2014|website=www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com|access-date=19 janvier 2014|archive-date=2019-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616145858/https://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/nouvelles/sports/marc_collat_le_nouvel_entraineur_de_la_s_lection_nationale_en_ha.html|dead-url=yes}}.</ref>, Collat rive mene ''Grenadye yo'' nan katryèm-final yo nan Gold Cup 2015 la, ki gen ladan pèfòmans bon kont ekip yo [[Amerik]] Santral (nil 1-1 kont Panama ak sitou viktwa 1-0 sou Ondiras ). Aprè Gold Cup la, laprès [[Ayiti|ayisyèn]] an repete yon posib depa Collat paske FHF pa kapab peye salè li ak anplwaye li.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Marc-collat-a-t-il-quitte-son-poste/578973 |title=Marc Collat a-t-il quitté son poste de sélectionneur d'Haïti? |date=3 out 2015 |website=lequipe.fr |access-date=3 out 2015}}.</ref> Sepandan, prezidan FHF, Yves Jean-Bart, mete fen nan rimè sa yo epi konfime Marc Collat ak adjwen Jerome Velfert nan devwa yo pandan yo ap rekonèt reta nan peman salè.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lenouvelliste.com/lenouvelliste/article/148147/Marc-Collat-revient-dimanche-9-aout-precise-Yves-Jean-Bart |title=Marc Collat revient dimanche 9 août, précise Yves Jean-Bart |author=Enock Nere |date=4 out 2015 |website=lenouvelliste.com |access-date=6 out 2015 |archive-date=2019-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616145857/https://lenouvelliste.com/lenouvelliste/article/148147/Marc-Collat-revient-dimanche-9-aout-precise-Yves-Jean-Bart |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Nan mwa novanm 2015, FHF te deside pa renouvle kontra li nan tèt ''Grenadyè yo'' aprè yon defèt nan kay kont [[Jamayik]] (0-1) nan yon kontèks Koup Mond 2018 la .<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/nouvelles/sports/la-chronique-de-shelove-perrin/marc_collat_s_en_va.html|title=Foot-sélection nationale: Marc Collat s'en va! |author=Shelove Perrin |date=25 novanm 2015 |website=radiotelevisioncaraibes.com |access-date=21 desanm 2015}}</ref> Malgre sa, li te raple nan mwa septanm 2017 pou mennen Ayiti nan yon match amikal kont [[Japon]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://haititempo.com/foot-haiti-officiel-marc-collat-est-de-retour-a-la-tete-de-la-selection/ |title=Foot- Haïti : Officiel, Marc Collat est de retour à la tête de la sélection |author=Gary Eliézer |date=14 septanm 2017 |website=haititempo.com |access-date=27 oktob 2017}}</ref> ki te fini nil (3-3). === Referans === {{referans}} === Lyen deyò === {{DEFAULTSORT:Collat, Marc}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Espò]] [[Kategori:Foutbòl]] [[Kategori:Foutbalè]] [[Kategori:Foutbalè franse]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1950]] ob0dc07v340h8lsfxfue1kzgfuuavng 867975 867974 2025-06-01T05:09:06Z Diego Agado 34785 867975 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marc Collat''', ki fèt [[24 me]] [[1950]] nan [[Fòd Fwans]] nan [[Matinik]], se yon [[Foutbòl|foutbalè]] epi antrenè [[Frans|franse]]. == Biyografi == Tankou yon defansè depi nan kòmansman ane 1970 yo rive nan kòmansman ane 1980 yo, li te pase pifò karyè li nan USM Malakoff . Tankou yon antrenè, li dirije sitou US Créteil, Stad briochin a, Stad Reims la (de (2) fwa) ak Clermont Foot . === Ekip foutbòl Ayiti === Nonmen nan mwa janvye 2014 seleksyonè nan [[Ekip foutbòl Ayiti|Ayiti]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/nouvelles/sports/marc_collat_le_nouvel_entraineur_de_la_s_lection_nationale_en_ha.html|title=Marc Collat le nouvel entraineur de la Sélection Nationale en Haiti ce dimanche|date=11 janvier 2014|website=www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com|access-date=19 janvier 2014|archive-date=2019-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616145858/https://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/nouvelles/sports/marc_collat_le_nouvel_entraineur_de_la_s_lection_nationale_en_ha.html|dead-url=yes}}.</ref>, Collat rive mene ''Grenadye yo'' nan katryèm-final yo nan Gold Cup 2015 la, ki gen ladan pèfòmans bon kont ekip yo [[Amerik]] Santral (nil 1-1 kont Panama ak sitou viktwa 1-0 sou Ondiras ). Aprè Gold Cup la, laprès [[Ayiti|ayisyèn]] an repete yon posib depa Collat paske FHF pa kapab peye salè li ak anplwaye li.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Marc-collat-a-t-il-quitte-son-poste/578973 |title=Marc Collat a-t-il quitté son poste de sélectionneur d'Haïti? |date=3 out 2015 |website=lequipe.fr |access-date=3 out 2015}}.</ref> Sepandan, prezidan FHF, Yves Jean-Bart, mete fen nan rimè sa yo epi konfime Marc Collat ak adjwen Jerome Velfert nan devwa yo pandan yo ap rekonèt reta nan peman salè.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lenouvelliste.com/lenouvelliste/article/148147/Marc-Collat-revient-dimanche-9-aout-precise-Yves-Jean-Bart |title=Marc Collat revient dimanche 9 août, précise Yves Jean-Bart |author=Enock Nere |date=4 out 2015 |website=lenouvelliste.com |access-date=6 out 2015 |archive-date=2019-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616145857/https://lenouvelliste.com/lenouvelliste/article/148147/Marc-Collat-revient-dimanche-9-aout-precise-Yves-Jean-Bart |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Nan mwa novanm 2015, FHF te deside pa renouvle kontra li nan tèt ''Grenadyè yo'' aprè yon defèt nan kay kont [[Jamayik]] (0-1) nan yon kontèks Koup Mond 2018 la .<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/nouvelles/sports/la-chronique-de-shelove-perrin/marc_collat_s_en_va.html|title=Foot-sélection nationale: Marc Collat s'en va! |author=Shelove Perrin |date=25 novanm 2015 |website=radiotelevisioncaraibes.com |access-date=21 desanm 2015}}</ref> Malgre sa, li te raple nan mwa septanm 2017 pou mennen Ayiti nan yon match amikal kont [[Japon]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://haititempo.com/foot-haiti-officiel-marc-collat-est-de-retour-a-la-tete-de-la-selection/ |title=Foot- Haïti : Officiel, Marc Collat est de retour à la tête de la sélection |author=Gary Eliézer |date=14 septanm 2017 |website=haititempo.com |access-date=27 oktob 2017}}</ref> ki te fini nil (3-3). == Referans == {{referans}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Collat, Marc}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Espò]] [[Kategori:Foutbòl]] [[Kategori:Foutbalè]] [[Kategori:Foutbalè franse]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1950]] mujyb452luwntulh41d9roafeyw1xa2 0 72395 867889 789564 2025-05-29T19:03:36Z Dostojewskij 12489 Fichye:Chiara Mastroianni.jpg 867889 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:Chiara Mastroianni.jpg|thumb|Chiara Mastroianni (1997)]] '''Chiara Mastroianni''', ki fèt [[28 me]] [[1972]] nan [[Pari]] ([[Frans]]), se yon [[Aktè|aktris]] ak [[Chantè|chantèz]] [[Frans|fransèz]]. == Biyografi == == Zèv li yo == === Fim === * [[1979]] : ''[[À nous deux]]'' de [[Claude Lelouch]] : Une petite fille * [[1987]] : ''[[Les Yeux noirs (fim, 1987)|Les Yeux noirs]]'' (''Oci ciornie'') de [[Nikita Mikhalkov]] : La fille qui récite un poème à Romano * [[1993]] : ''[[Ma saison préférée]]'' d’[[André Téchiné]] : Anne * [[1993]] : ''[[À la belle étoile (fim, 1993)|À la belle étoile]]'' d’[[Antoine Desrosières]] : Claire * [[1994]] : ''[[Prêt-à-porter (fim, 1994)|Prêt-à-porter]]'' de [[Robert Altman]] : Sophie Choiset * [[1994]] : ''[[Rêveuse jeunesse]]'' de [[Nadine Trintignant]] : Brigitte * [[1995]] : ''[[N'oublie pas que tu vas mourir]]'' de [[Xavier Beauvois]] : Claudia * [[1996]] : ''[[Le Journal du séducteur (fim)|Le Journal du séducteur]]'' de [[Danièle Dubroux]] : Claire Conti * [[1996]] : ''[[Trois vies et une seule mort]]'' de [[Raoul Ruiz]] : Cécile * [[1996]] : ''[[Comment je me suis disputé… (ma vie sexuelle)]]'' d’[[Arnaud Desplechin]] : Patricia * [[1996]] : ''[[Les Voleurs]]'' d'[[André Téchiné]] : Une étudiante * [[1996]] : ''[[Caméléone]]'' de [[Benoît Cohen]] : Léa * [[1997]] : ''[[Nowhere (fim, 1997)|Nowhere]]'' de [[Gregg Araki]] : Kriss * [[1998]] : ''[[À vendre (fim, 1998)|À vendre]]'' de [[Laetitia Masson]] : Mireille * [[1999]] : ''[[La Lettre (fim, 1999)|La Lettre]]'' de [[Manoel De Oliveira]] : Madame de Clèves * [[1999]] : ''[[Le Temps retrouvé (fim)|Le Temps retrouvé]]'' de [[Raoul Ruiz]] : Albertine * [[1999]] : ''[[Libero Burro]]'' de [[Sergio Castellitto]] : Rosa Agnello * [[2000]] : ''[[Six-Pack (fim)|Six-Pack]]'' d’[[Alain Berbérian]] : Marine * [[2001]] : ''[[Hotel (fim, 2001)|Hotel]]'' de [[Mike Figgis]] : Infirmière de l'hôtel * [[2002]] : ''[[Les Mots de mon père]]'' (''Le Parole di mio padre'') de [[Francesca Comencini]] : Ada Malfenti * [[2002]] : ''[[Carnages]]'' de [[Delphine Gleize]] : Carlotta * [[2003]] : ''[[Il est plus facile pour un chameau...]]'' de [[Valeria Bruni Tedeschi]] : sè Federica * [[2005]] : ''[[Akoibon]]'' d’[[Édouard Baer]] : Barbara * [[2007]] : ''[[Les Chansons d'amour]]'' de [[Christophe Honoré]] : Jeanne * [[2007]] : ''[[Persepolis (fim)|Persepolis]]'' de [[Marjane Satrapi]] et [[Vincent Paronnaud]] : Marjane <small>(vwa)</small> * [[2007]] : ''[[L'Heure zéro (fim)|L'Heure zéro]]'' de [[Pascal Thomas]] : Aude Neuville * [[2008]] : ''[[Un conte de Noël]]'' d’[[Arnaud Desplechin]] : Sylvia * [[2008]] : ''[[La Belle Personne]]'' de [[Christophe Honoré]] : La jeune femme dans le café * [[2008]] : ''[[Le crime est notre affaire (fim)|Le crime est notre affaire]]'' de [[Pascal Thomas]] : Emma * [[2009]] : ''[[Bancs publics (Versailles Rive-Droite)]]'' de [[Bruno Podalydès]] : Manman Marianne * [[2009]] : ''[[Un chat un chat]]'' de [[Sophie Fillières]] : Célimène * [[2009]] : ''[[Non ma fille tu n'iras pas danser]]'' de [[Christophe Honoré]] : Léna * [[2010]] : ''[[Homme au bain]]'' de [[Christophe Honoré]] : L'actrice * [[2011]] : ''[[Les Bien-aimés]]'' de [[Christophe Honoré]] : Véra * [[2011]] : ''[[Poulet aux prunes (film)|Poulet aux prunes]]'' de [[Marjane Satrapi]] ak [[Vincent Paronnaud]] : Lili adulte * [[2011]] : ''[[Americano (fim, 2011)|Americano]]'' de [[Mathieu Demy]] : Claire * [[2012]] : ''[[Augustine (fim)|Augustine]]'' d'[[Alice Winocour]] : Constance Charcot * [[2012]] : ''[[Les Lignes de Wellington]]'' de [[Raoul Ruiz]] ak [[Valeria Sarmiento]] : [[Eugénie Renique]], nan Hussard * [[2013]] : ''[[Les Salauds]]'' de [[Claire Denis]] : Raphaëlle * [[2014]] : ''[[La Rançon de la gloire (fim)|La Rançon de la gloire]]'' de [[Xavier Beauvois]] : Rosa * [[2014]] : ''[[Trois Cœurs]]'' de [[Benoît Jacquot]] : Sophie Berger * [[2016]] : ''[[Good Luck Algeria]]'' de [[Farid Bentoumi]] : Bianca * [[2016]] : ''[[Saint-Amour (fim)|Saint-Amour]]'' de [[Gustave Kervern]] ak [[Benoît Delépine]] : La patronne de la baraque à frites * [[2017]] : ''[[K.O.]]'' de [[Fabrice Gobert]] : Solange * [[2018]] : ''[[Fiertés]]'' (fim) de [[Philippe Faucon]] : l'enquêtrice sociale * [[2018]] : ''[[La Dernière Folie de Claire Darling]]'' de [[Julie Bertuccelli]] : Marie Darling * [[2019]] : ''[[Chambre 212]]'' de [[Christophe Honoré]] : Maria * [[2020]] : ''[[La Fille au bracelet]]'' de [[Stéphane Demoustier]] : Céline === Kout fim === * [[1995]] : ''[[Hillbilly Chainsaw Massacre]]'' de [[Laurent Tuel]] : Cheryl * [[2000]] : ''[[La Faute au vent]]'' d'[[Emmanuelle Bercot]] : manman * [[2016]] : ''[[Bonne figure]]'' de [[Sandrine Kiberlain]] : Françoise == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0557859/ Chiara Mastroianni] sou IMDb {{DEFAULTSORT:Mastroianni, Chiara}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè franse]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1972]] rkar25iqp32zz7gtiprvp7c111kx7ig 0 74019 867903 855183 2025-05-30T18:15:21Z Metellus cleberson2025 35855 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867903 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg|thumb|right|Kowonaviris : Viryon SARS-CoV]] '''Kowonaviris yo''' (nan laten ''[https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/corona#Latin corona]'' ak ''[https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/virus#Latin viris]'', literalman "viris kouwòn"), oswa '''CoV''', se viris ARN monokatenè pozitif (gwoup IV nan klasifikasyon Baltimore ) ki koresponn ak sou-fanmi '''''Orthocoronavirinae''''' nan taksonomi a nan ICTV. Sa yo [[viris]] anvlope, ki fòme ak yon anvlòp viral ki antoure yon nykleyokapsid ak simetri elikoydal. Gwosè a genom nan viris sa yo varye de alantou 26 a 32 kilobaz, nan mitan valè ki pi wo pou viris [[Asid ribonikleyik|ARN]]. Selon espès yo, yo natirèlman enfekte [[mamifè]] oswa [[zwazo]] yo. Mo kowonaviris ''la'' soti nan aparans viryon anba [[mikwoskòp elektwonik]], ki karakterize pa plizyè gwo pwotiberans ki antoure anvlòp la avèk aparans yon kouwòn, pa analoji ak [[Kouwòn (solèy)|kouwòn solè an]] . Tout viris sa yo gen an komen [[Proteyin|pwoteyin]] deziyen pa yon lèt ki endike kote yo ye a : S (pwotiberans), E (anvlòp), M (manbràn) ak N (nikleyokapsid). Kèk nan yo, an patikilye sa yo ki nan yon ti gwoup A nan jan ''Betakowonaviris'', gen yon pwoteyin HE ( emaglitinin esteraz karakteristik. Kowonaviris SRAS la prezante anplis sou pwoteyin S yon sit lyezon espesifik pou anzim konvèsyon anjyotansin 2<ref name="10.1126/science.1116480"> {{Cite journal|last=Fang Li, Wenhui Li, Michael Farzan et Stephen C. Harrison|year=2005|title=Structure of SARS Coronavirus Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Complexed with Receptor|url=https://science.sciencemag.org/content/309/5742/1864|journal=Science|volume=309|issue=5742|page=1864-1868|bibcode=2005Sci...309.1864L|doi=10.1126/science.1116480|jstor=3843779|pmid=16166518|access-date=25 janvye 2020}}</ref> ki sèvi kòm yon pwen antre nan [[Selil|selil la]] ot. == Orthocoronavirinae == === Klasifikasyon === * Tip : viris * Domèn : Riboviria * Òd : Nidovirales * Sou-òd : Cornidovirineae * Fanmi : Coronaviridae === Sou-fanmi === * Orthocoronavirinae [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|ICTV]]<ref name="ICTV">{{en}} {{Cite web |url = https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ |title = Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release |date = jiyè 2018 |editor = [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|ICTV]] |accessdate = 24 janvye 2020 |archive-date = 2020-03-20 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200320103754/https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy |dead-url = yes }}</ref> === Jan pi ba ran === * ''Alphacoronavirus'' * ''[[Betacoronavirus]]'' * ''Gammacoronavirus'' * ''Deltacoronavirus'' == Replikasyon == [[Fichye:Virus_à_couronne.png|droite|vignette| Replikasyon viris kouwòn lan. ]] Replikasyon kowonaviris swiv yon modèl detaye ki anba a nan sis (6) etap siksesif (gade ilistrasyon) : # Gras a pwoteyin S yo, kowonaviris mare nan [[molekil]] selilè sifas tankou metalopwoteyinaz. Viris avèk pwoteyin HE a (emaglitinin-esteraz) nan anvlòp yo kapab tou mare avèk asid N-asetilneraminik ki sèvi kòm ko-reseptè (tèt li inisyatè nan antre yon patojèn nan yon selil ot). Jiska kounye a, li pa klè si wi ou non viris antre nan [[selil ot]] pa fizyon manbràn viral ak selilè, oswa pa entènalizasyon reseptè. Kèlkeswa mekanis la, se eleman ARN ki antre nan selil la, epi kapsid la (koki) abandone. # Kowonaviris gen yon sèl jenòm [[Asid ribonikleyik|ARN]] ak eleman pozitif, ki kounye a nan [[Sitoplas|sitoplas la]]. Jenòm ARN kowonaviris la gen yon bouchon metile 5' ak yon ke polyadenile 3', ki pèmèt ARN mare nan ribozòm pou tradiksyon. [[Ribozòm]] selil la dekode ARN viral la, ki pwodui pwoteyin yo kode ladan li. # Premyèman, ARN pozitif viris lan transkri nan pwoteyin pou fòme yon ARN polimeraz pwòp (yon ARN replikaz). Replikaz se premyè pwoteyin ki pwodui ; yon fwa jèn ki kode replikaz la te tradui pa ribozom nan selil ot, tradiksyon se sispann pa yon kodon arè. Replikaz viral sa a rekonèt ak pwodui sèlman ARN viral, ak pèmèt jenòm viral dwe transkri nan kopi nouvo ARN, gras a machinri a nan selil ot. Sèvi ak eleman pozitif la kòm yon modèl, anzim sa a rasanble eleman negatif. # Answit, eleman negatif sa a sèvi kòm yon modèl pou transkripsyon ti ARN soujenomik, ki te itilize fè tout lòt pwoteyin yo. Se sa yo rele yon transkripsyon enbrike. Pwosesis sa a se yon fòm ekonomi jenetik, sa ki pèmèt viris la kode pi gwo kantite jèn nan yon ti kantite nikleyotid. Jenòm eleman negatif tradui pa ribozòm nan selil ot, epi li se yon long polipwoteyin ki te fòme, kote tout pwoteyin viral yo tache. Kowonaviris gen yon pwoteyin ki pa estriktiral - yon pwoteyaz - ki se kapab fann polipwoteyin. Anplis de sa, eleman sa a negatif jwe yon wòl nan replikasyon nouvo jenòm ARN ak eleman pozitif. Sitoplas selil ot la ranpli ak pwoteyin ak ARN viral. # (a) Pwoteyin N ede mare ARN jenomik pou reyalize ankapsidasyon jenòm viral la nan yon anvlòp pwoteksyon ki rele kapsid ; pwoteyin M entegre nan manbràn nan [[Retikilòm andoplasmik|retikilòm la andoplasmik]], sou bò kapsid; ak pwoteyin HE ak S travèse manbràn retikilòm andoplasmik, atravè pwoteyin nan translokasyon, epi yo pozisyone sou bò opoze. # (b) Avèk lezyon ant kapsid la ak pwoteyin M yo, manbràn retikilòm la anvayi, ak ti boujon. Se kapsid (koki) asanble ak ARN elikoydal, yo te jwenn andedan retikilòm andoplasmik, li te gen kaptire pou benefis li yo manbràn, ki alò pote pwoteyin yo HE ak S andeyò li yo. # Desandans viral se answit (a) ankapsile ak transpòte pa [[Kò Gòlji|vezikil]] goljyèn nan manbràn selilè a, (b) yo dwe finalman ekstènalize (pa [[egzositoz]] ) andeyò selil la. == Maladi == Sèt (7) kalite kowonaviris ka enfekte moun.<ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/types.html|title=Human Coronavirus Types|last=CDC|date=|publisher=Center for Disease Control Prevention|access-date=22 janvye 2020}}</ref> === Kowonaviris imen ki enfekte moun === Kowonaviris imen ki enfekte moun yo : 229E, NL63, OC43, ak HKU1. De (2) premye apatni a jan ''Alphacoronavirus'' ak lòt moun nan jan a ''Betacoronavirus'' (gade anba a). Kat (4) kalite viris sa yo te jwenn nan prèske 10% timoun ki entène lopital nan pedyatri pou enfeksyon respiratwa (Normandie-2006) san viris yo fòmèlman responsab.<ref>{{en}} {{Cite journal|last=Vabret A.|date=12 novanm 2007|title=Human (non-severe acute respiratory syndrome) coronavirus infections in hospitalised children in France.|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2007.01246.x|journal=Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health|page=|issn=}}</ref> === Kowavaviris zannimo ki enfekte moun === Kowonaviris la sitou enfekte pati wo aparèy dijestif ak respiratwa nan mamifè yo. Nou te idantifye twa (3) souch kowonaviris ki kapab afekte moun ak responsab pou patoloji grav. ==== SRAS ==== Sendwòm respiratwa egi sevè (nan lang franse SRAS, nan [[lang angle]] SARS pou ''Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome'') gen yon patojenèz inik paske li mennen nan enfeksyon nan aparèy respiratwa ki pi ba yo ''ak'' anwo nan adisyon posibilite a nan gastwo-anterit. Yon pousantaj siyifikatif nan rim sèvo komen atribiye kowonaviris nan moun granmoun, espesyalman nan sezon livè oswa nan kòmansman sezon prentan an. Yon moun ki gen pwoblèm sante ap jwenn li pi difisil pou geri pase yon moun ki an sante. ==== MERS ==== ''Sendwòm respiratwa Mwayen Oryan'' (MERS, nan lang angle ''Middle East respiratory syndrome'') koze pa kowonaviris MERS-CoV (ki gen non pwovizwa NCoV, pou ''Novel coronavirus''), yon souch dekouvri nan mwa septanm 2012 nan yon moun natif natal nan [[Kata]] ki te fèk vwayaje nan [[Arabi Sawoudit]].<ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/09/26/health-virus-idINL5E8KQ9GL20120926|title=WHO issues guidance on new virus, gears up for haj|last=Stephanie Nebehay|date=26 septanm 2012|website=in.reuters.com|access-date=27 septanm 2012|archive-date=2012-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928005758/http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/09/26/health-virus-idINL5E8KQ9GL20120926|dead-url=yes}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|last=Hesman Saey|first=Tina|year=2013|title=Scientists race to understand deadly new virus|url=http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/348643/description/Scientists_race_to_understand_deadly_new_virus|journal=Science News|location=Washington|publisher=Society for Science & the Public|volume=183|issue=6|page=5-6|doi=10.1002/scin.5591830603|access-date=2020-03-04|archive-date=2013-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061457/http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/348643/description/Scientists_race_to_understand_deadly_new_virus|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Premye ka a li te ye te yon Sawoudyen ki te mouri nan kòmansman 2012. Sou 30 oktòb 2013, otorite yo nan Siltana Omàn rapòte premye ka a nan peyi sa a Gòlf nan kowonaviris MERS, ki nan dat sa te deja lakòz 52 mò nan vwazen Arabi Sawoudit. Sou 14 avril 2016, yon rapò OMS resanse {{formatnum:1714}} ka notifye depi 2012, ki gen omwen {{formatnum:618}} mò.<ref>{{fr}} {{cite web|title=Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS-CoV) – Arabie saoudite|journal=Bulletin d’information sur les flambées épidémiques|url=http://www.who.int/csr/don/14-april-2016-mers-saudi-arabia/fr/|date=14 avril 2016|accessdate=26 avril 2016}}</ref> 80 % ka sitiye nan Arabi Saoudit.<ref>{{fr}} {{cite journal|author1=Paul Benkimoun|title=Flambée de MERS-coronavirus en Arabie saoudite|website=lemonde.fr|issn=1950-6244|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2015/08/25/le-coronavirus-flambe-a-nouveau-en-arabie-saoudite_4735777_3244.html|date=25 out 2015|accessdate=25 out 2015}}</ref> De (2) ka te detekte tou nan [[Frans]] an 2013, avèk yon ka mòtèl.<ref name="AFPFR3_2">{{fr}} {{cite web |url=http://nord-pas-de-calais.france3.fr/2013/05/13/coronavirus-l-etat-de-sante-du-2eme-malade-se-degrade-250449.html |title=Coronavirus : l'état de santé du 2e malade se dégrade |website=nord-pas-de-calais.france3.fr |date=13 me 2013 |access-date=13 me 2013}}</ref> Youn nan rezèvwa MERC-CoV yo ta kapab [[Dromadè|dwomadè]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309913701646 |title=Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralising serum antibodies in dromedary camels: a comparative serological study |author=C.B.E.M. Reusken, B.L. Haagmans, M.A. Müller, C. Gutierrez, G. Godeke, B. Meyer |publisher=Lancet Infectious Diseases |website=sciencedirect.com |date= |access-date=9 out 2013}}</ref> Daprè CDC ameriken ak yon etid ki te pibliye sou 21 out 2013 nan revi ''Emerging Infectious Diseases'', [[chòvsourit]] ka tou te jwe yon wòl nan epidemi an nan Arabi Sawoudit ;<ref name="Viernes">Olivia Viernes (2013), en savoir plus : [http://www.lasantepublique.fr/sante-environnementale/23082013,des-chauve-souris-a-l-origine-du-coronavirus,676.html#72WsI6vJk6yMW0kM.99 « Le coronavirus a tué 47 personnes sur les 96 infectées dans le monde. Les chauve-souris seraient à l’origine du virus selon les autorités américaines »]</ref> sepandan, “se pa tout chòvsourit ki pote viris la. Chèchè yo te remake ke chòvsourit an ki gen kowavaviris ki sanble ak moun ki te detekte touprè plas la kote premye ka imen". ==== Maladi kowonaviris 2019 ==== Yon nouvo fòm sendwòm respiratwa, menm jan ak SRAS, te parèt nan Wuhan (Pwovens Hubei, [[Chin|Lachin]]) nan kòmansman mwa desanm 2019. Nemoni sa a, ki rele [[maladi kowonaviris 2019]], se akòz SARS-CoV-2, yon kowonaviris nouvo.<ref>{{en}} {{Cite journal|author=Habibzadeh Parham|author2=Stoneman Emily K.|date=5 fevriye 2020|title=The Novel Coronavirus: A Bird's Eye View|url=https://www.theijoem.com/ijoem/index.php/ijoem/article/view/1921|journal=The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine|volume=11|issue=2|page=65–71|doi=10.15171/ijoem.2020.1921|issn=2008-6520|access-date=5 fevriye 2020|archive-date=2020-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205165729/https://www.theijoem.com/ijoem/index.php/ijoem/article/view/1921|dead-url=yes}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name="Cohen2020">{{en}} {{Cite journal|last=Jon Cohen|last2=Dennis Normile|date=17 janvye 2020|title=New SARS-like virus in China triggers alarm|journal=[[Science (revue)|Science]]|volume=367|issue=6475|page=234-235|doi=10.1126/science.367.6475.234}}</ref> Nan mwa janvye 2020, viris la te rele pwovizwaman 2019-nCoV, epi, nan mwa fevriye definitivman SARS-CoV-2. Maladi a parèt nan mitan kliyan yo ak machan nan mache pwason Huanan nan Wuhan (kote yo vann tou zwazo, sèpan ak lapen). Li se ki gen orijin bèt ak se transmèt ant èt imen.<ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/breaking/20200120-china-confirms-people-to-people-transmission-of-new-coronavirus-state-media|title=China confirms people-to-people transmission of new coronavirus (state media)|date=20 janvye 2020|website=France 24|access-date=20 janvye 2020}}</ref> Sou 31 janvye 2020, nou note ke rezilta yo ogmante sou 9,776 ka kontaminasyon, Lachin kalkile nan kòmansman an nan epidemi sou 8 fevriye 2020 - 722 mò, sant epidemi.<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.lci.fr/sante/en-direct-coronavirus-2019-ncov-avec-5-974-personnes-touchees-le-nombre-d-infections-en-chine-depasse-celui-du-sras-2143314.html|title=EN DIRECT - Coronavirus : avec 5.974 personnes touchées, le nombre d'infections en Chine dépasse celui du Sras|website=LCI.fr|access-date=29 janvye 2020}}</ref> Kontajyon ap simaye atravè lemond, espesyalman nan peyi azyatik, ewopeyen, oseyanik ak Amerik dinò : sou 29 janvye 2020 plis pase 6 000 moun te enfekte. Epidemi an te vin pi enpòtan pase epidemi SRAS la an 2003.<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.lunion.fr/id127158/article/2020-01-29/coronavirus-plus-de-6000-cas-confirmes-dans-le-monde-le-nombre-dinfections-en |title=Coronavirus: plus de 6000 cas confirmés dans le monde, le nombre d’infections en Chine dépasse celui du Sras|website=L'Obs|access-date=25 fevriye 2020}}</ref> Jedi swa 30 janvye, òganizasyon Mondyal Sante (OMS) dekrete ijans sante mondyal. Mezi sa a te dekrete sèlman senk (5) fwa depi kreyasyon li : pou Ebola (de (2) fwa), grip H1N1, [[Zika]] ak polyomyelit. Nan dat 2 mas 2020, yon etap enpòtan rive avèk 90,000 ka ak 3,000 mò. == Lis espès yo == Sou-fanmi ''Orthocoronavirinae'' nan fanmi Coronaviridae yo òganize nan 4 jan, 22 sou-jan ak alantou 40 espès <ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/|title=Virus taxonomy: 2018b release|last=|date=jiyè 2018|publisher=ICTV online|access-date=24 janvye 2020|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320103754/https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy|dead-url=yes}}</ref> :   == Tretman == Kowonaviris la se yon viris, sa a retire tout efikasite nan tretman [[antibyotik]] oswa bakteryofajik ki konbat pou enfeksyon bakteryèn. Nan ka SARS-CoV, plizyè tretman te itilize pou eseye sispann epidemi an. Ki pi komen yo te : ribavirin, yon analòg nikleyotid ; medikaman esteroyid anti-enflamatwa; epi, aprè yo fin idantifye fòmèlman patojèn ak filt sentibilite yo, entèfewon-alfa ak inibitè pwoteyaz. Efikasite tretman sa yo, sepandan, pa sèten. Okenn tretman sa yo te gen yon bon etid klinik : analiz etid ki disponib montre ke anpil etid pa pèmèt yon konklizyon paske yo te pote sou ti kantite pasyan oswa san pwotokòl oswa dòz fiks; Anplis, kèk nan yo menm endike ke tretman sa yo te ka fè mal eradikasyon viris la.<ref>Stockman LJ, Bellamy R, Garner P. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16968120 SARS: systematic review of treatment effects]. PLoS Med. 2006;3:e343. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030343</ref> Eliminasyon rapid la nan epidemi an pa te pèmèt anpil esè klinik pou vaksen yo. Yon [[Vaksinasyon|vaksen]] viris inaktif, ansanm ak lòt vaksen ki baze sou pwoteyin S ak N, yo te anba etid pou plizyè ane.<ref>Zhu, M. 2004. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16219167 SARS immunity and vaccination]. Cell. Mol. Immunol. 1:193-198</ref> == Gade tou == * [[Viroloji]] * [[Kowonaviris felen]] * [[Sendwòm respiratwa egi sevè]] * Nemoni atipik * [[Ijans sante piblik entènasyonal]] (USPPI) * [[Epidemi kowonaviris an 2019-2020]] * [[Maladi kowonaviris 2019]] == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * {{en}} [https://www.cdc.gov/ CDC], [https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/ncv/index.html CDC Novel ''Coronavirus''] ak [https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/ncv/case-def.html definisyon ka CDC a ak konsèy] * {{en}} CDC, [https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/ncv/case-def.html Sitwèb (CDC) dedye a ''kowonaviris woman''] * {{en}} OMS, [http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/en/index.html WHO Novel Coronavirus enfeksyon-UpdateExternal''] * {{en}} Ajans pwoteksyon sante [https://web.archive.org/web/20130523114553/http://www.hpa.org.uk/Topics/InfectiousDiseases/InfectionsAZ/NovelCoronavirus2012 Nouvo kowonaviris 2012] * Kat sitiyasyon jeneral [https://www.cartograf.fr/carte_coronavirus_chinois.php] . * {{en}} ECDC, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130504081445/http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/press/news/Lists/News/ECDC_DispForm.aspx?List=32e43ee8%2De230%2D4424%2Da783%2D85742124029a&ID=847&RootFolder=%2Fen%2Fpress%2Fnews%2FLists%2FNews ECDC: Nouvo kowonaviris aktyalizasyon nan Evalyasyon Rapid pou Risk] * {{en}} CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm62e0307a1.htm?s_cid=mm62e0307a1_x Mizajou : Maladi Respiratwa Gwo ki asosye avèk yon Novor Kowonaviris - Atravè lemonn], 2012-2013 MMWR 7 Mas 2013/62 (Early Release), p. 1-2. * {{en}} CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm61e1004a1.htm?s_cid=mm61e1004a1_e Gwo Maladi Respiratwa ki Asosye ak yon Novokwoniz - Arabi Sawoudit ak Kata], 2012 MMWR 12 oktòb 2012/61, p. 820-820. [[Kategori:Maladi]] [[Kategori:Kowonaviris]] sqsqspd0i06i6lgre7oqjrpy6hbfnse 0 74316 867952 812175 2025-06-01T04:46:41Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Vladimir Pascal |foto= |tèks=Vladimir Pascal |fonksyon=Foutbolè |domèn=Espò, foutbòl |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[27 me]] [[1992]] |lye nesans= |peyi nesans=[[Ayiti]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite= ayisyen |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Vladimir Pascal''', ki fèt [[27 me]] [[1992]] nan [[Ayiti]],<ref name="Soccerway Profile">{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/john-blanchard-pascal-valdimir/196897/|title=Soccerway Profile|publisher=Soccerway|access-date=6 janvye 2014}}</ref> se yon [[Foutbòl|foutbòlè]] [[Ayiti|ayisyen]]- [[Gwadloup|gwadloupeyen]] ki aktyèlman jwe kòm yon milye teren pou CS Moulien nan Gwadloup Divizyon donè, divizyon an tèt nan sistèm foutbòl la Gwadloup lig. Li se tou yon manm nan ekip foutbòl nasyonal Gwadloup la. == Biyografi == == Palmarès == === Karyè klib === Pascal te jwe pou AS dragon nan Gwadloup ant 2008 ak 2011. Pou sezon an 2010-2011, Pascal te fè anpil gòl nan lig la : li fè 22 gòl. Aprè kanpay sa a, Pascal te vwayaje al nan [[Frans|Lafrans]] metwopolitèn e li te fè esè san siksè ak RC Lens ak LB Châteauroux, tou de Lig 2. Pascal te deja gen esè avèk lòt klib pi ba-divizyon nan Frans ak lil Chip.<ref name="Le RC Lens teste Vladimir Pascal">{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=http://www.lensois.com/1970/01/01/41321-Le%20RC%20Lens%20teste%20Vladimir%20Pascal|title=Le RC Lens teste Vladimir Pascal|publisher=RC Lens|access-date=6 janvye 2014|archive-date=2014-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106191127/http://www.lensois.com/1970/01/01/41321-Le|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pascal te jwe yon demi-sezon pou [http://www.jssuresnes.fr/ JS Suresnes], yon klib amatè nan Chanpyona Pari Ile-De-France la nan Pwomosyon donè, nevyèm divizyon nan sistèm lig foutbòl franse, nan rejyon [[Pari]]<nowiki/>a, kote li fè 11 gòl.<ref name="Le retour Vladimir Pascal">{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=http://www.guadeloupe-sport.com/spip.php?article2207|title=Le retour Vladimir Pascal|publisher=Guadeloupe Sport|access-date=3 janvye 2014|archive-date=2014-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104054459/http://www.guadeloupe-sport.com/spip.php?article2207|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Imedyatman, aprè yo fin pa resevwa yon kontra pwofesyonèl nan Frans, li te siyen pou CS Moulien epi retounen nan Divizyon donè Gwadloup. Nan mwa desanm 2013, Pascal te youn nan 23 jwè envite nan inogirasyon MLS [[Karayib]] Konbine a, yon antrepriz ant Major League Soccer ak Inyon foutbòl Karayib la ki vize bay ekspoze pou pi bon jwè rejyon an nan espwa ke yo te chwazi nan 2014 MLS SuperDraft la, kòm de (2) antite yo kontinye bati yon relasyon pi fò.<ref name="Caribbean Combine invitees">{{en}} {{Cite web|url=http://www.concacaf.com/article/mls-announces-caribbean-combine-invitees|title=MLS announces Caribbean Combine invitees|publisher=CONCACAF|access-date=3 janvye 2014}}</ref> === Karyè entènasyonal === Pascal te kòmanse karyè entènasyonal li nan ekip foutbòl nasyonal Gwadloup la nan yon match amikal kont St Kits ak Nevi sou 2 mas 2010. Li te depi ale sou yo dwe yon pati nan eskwadwon la pou 2010 ak Coupe de l'Outre-Mer an 2012 ak kouri san siksè pandan Cup kalifikasyon Karayib an 2012. Li fè premye gòl entènasyonal li a sou 22 septanm 2012 kont Saint Pierre ak Miquelon pandan koup de l'Outre-Mer 2012 la, yon tounwa foutbòl pou depatman yo aletranje yo ak teritwa nan Frans.<ref name="CFD Profile">{{en}} {{Cite web|url=http://caribbeanfootballdatabase.com/guadeloupe/players/wladimirpascal.html|title=CFD Profile|publisher=Caribbean Football Database|access-date=3 janvye 2014|archive-date=2014-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104105244/http://caribbeanfootballdatabase.com/guadeloupe/players/wladimirpascal.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> An 2012, Pascal reprezante Ayiti, nasyon nesans li, nan nivo a anba-23 pandan kanpay kalifikasyon yo pou Je olenpik ete 2012.<ref name="Soccerway Profile"/> ==== Gòl entènasyonal ==== : ''Nòt ak rezilta yo make lis gòl Gwadloup la an premye.''<ref name="CFD Profile"/> {| class="wikitable" ! # ! Dat ! Lye ! Opozan ! Gòl ! Rezilta ! Konpetisyon |- | 1 | rowspan="3" | 8 septanm 2012 | rowspan="3" | Estad Saint-Jean, Saint-Jean, Saint Barthelemy | rowspan="3" | Saint Barthélemy | align="center" | ? -? | rowspan="3" align="center" | 8-1 | rowspan="3" | Zanmitay |- | 2 | align="center" | ? -? |- | 3 | align="center" | ? -? |- | 4 | rowspan="3" | 22 septanm 2012 | rowspan="3" | Estad Montbauron, Versailles, Frans | rowspan="3" | Saint Pierre ak Miquelon | align="center" | 9-0 | rowspan="3" align="center" | 13-0 | rowspan="3" | 2012 koupe de l'Outre-Mer |- | 5 | align="center" | 10-0 |- | 6 | align="center" | 13-0 |- | 7 | 24 septanm 2012 | Stade Bauer, Saint-Ouen, Seine-Saint-Denis, Frans | Franse gwiyane | align="center" | 3-2 | align="center" | 4-2 | 2012 koupe de l'Outre-Mer |- | 8 | 29 septanm 2012 | Estad Michel Hidalgo, Saint-Gratien, Frans |   Mayotte | align="center" | 01-0 | align="center" | 01-0 | Coupe de l'Outre-Mer 2012 |- | 9 | 25 oktòb 2012 | Stade Fiesque Duchesne, Baie-Mahault, Gwadloup | [[Pòtoriko]] | align="center" | 4-0 | align="center" | 4-1 |Coupe Qualification Karayib 2012 |- | 10 | 27 oktòb 2012 | Estad René Serge Nabajoth, Les Abymes, Gwadloup |[[Matinik]]   | align="center" | 3-2 | align="center" | 3-3 | Coupe Qualification Karayib 2012 |- | colspan="12" | <small>Dènye miz ajou : 3 janvye 2014</small> |} == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == {{DEFAULTSORT:Pascal, Vladimir}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Espò]] [[Kategori:Foutbòl]] [[Kategori:Foutbalè]] [[Kategori:Foutbalè ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1992]] grnwmdwxjcwhm002rd5wd7j3g1bz8wx 0 74332 867890 743742 2025-05-29T19:25:36Z Dostojewskij 12489 Fichye:Anastasia Acosta.jpg 867890 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:Anastasia Acosta.jpg|thumb|Anastasia Acosta (2021)]] '''Anastasia Magdalena Acosta Loría''', rele '''Anastasia Acosta''', ki fèt [[24 avril]] [[1975]] nan [[San Jozé]] ([[Kostarika]]), se yon [[Aktè|aktris]] ak [[mannkina |mannken]] [[Kostarika|kostarikèn]]. == Biyografi == == Zèv li yo == === Telenovela === * 2014 : ''[[Los miserables (telenovela, 2014)|Los miserables]]'' : Consuelo "Chelo" Durán Monteagudo de Gordillo * 2012 : ''[[Un refugio para el amor]]'' * 2007 : ''[[Tormenta en el paraíso]]'' : Leonor * 2005 : ''[[Pablo y Andrea]]'' : Paula * 2004 : ''[[Amar otra vez]]'' : Adriana Candamo Rivadeneyra * 2003 : ''[[Corazón de melón]] : Bárbara * 2002 : ''[[¡Vivan los niños!]]'' : Dalia * 1999 : ''[[Cuento de Navidad (telenovela)|Cuento de Navidad]]'' : Jasive / Viriana * 1999 : ''[[Rosalinda (telenovela)|Rosalinda]]'' : Alcira Ordóñez * 1998 : ''[[La usurpadora (telenovela, 1998)|La usurpadora]]'' : Viviana Carrillo * 1996 : ''[[Marisol (telenovela)|Marisol]]'' : Yolanda "Yoli" === Seri televizyon === * 2009-2011 : ''[[Se Vale TV]]'' * 2001-2006 : ''[[Mujer, casos de la vida real]]'' * 2003-2004 : ''[[La Jaula (serie de televisión)|La Jaula]]''. : envite * 2000-2002 : ''[[Cero en conducta (telecomedia)|Cero en conducta]]'' :Rosa Davalos Montes * 1999-2001 : ''[[Humor es... Los Comediantes]]'' : ko-animatris * 1998-1999 : ''[[Derbez en cuando]]'' : li menm * 1996 : ''El diario de la noche'' : li menm * 1995 : ''La rueda de la fortuna'' : li menm === Teyat === * ''Quiero pero no puedo'' * ''El show de la escuelita'' * ''Busco al hombre de mi vida, marido ya tuve'' == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nmnm0025691/ Anastasia Acosta] sou IMDb {{DEFAULTSORT:Acosta, Anastasia}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè kostariken]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1975]] c6bx4kf9g16dcj2u0rwftutz67qaij8 0 78586 867939 783819 2025-05-31T08:58:28Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867939 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elvira Catalina Quintana Molina''', ki fèt [[7 novanm]] [[1935]] ([[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], [[Extremadura]] ([[Meksik]])epi ki mouri [[8 out]][[1968]] nan [[Meksiko]] ([[Meksik]]), se yon [[Aktè|aktris]], [[Chantè|chantèz]] ak [[powèt]] panyòl meksikèn.<ref name="Quintana">{{es}} {{cite news|title=Víctima de Complicaciones Renales y Pancreáticas, Murió E. Quintana: La Actriz, Nacida en la Madre Patria, Será Inhumada hoy en el Panteón Jardín|accessdate=11 mas 2016|publisher=El Informador|date=9 out 1968}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name="Beauties of Mexican Cinema">{{cite book|author=Rogelio Agrasánchez|title=Beauties of Mexican Cinema|year=2001|publisher=Agrasánchez Film Archive|isbn=9685077118|accessdate=11 mas 2016}}</ref> == Biyografi == == Zèv li yo (seleksyon) == * ''[[El misterio del carro express]]'' (1953) * ''[[Lo que le pasó a Sansón]]'' (1955) * ''[[El vendedor de muñecas]]'' (1955) * ''Canasta de cuentos mexicanos'' (1956) * ''El buen ladrón'' (1957) * ''El caudillo'' (1957) * ''[[Furias desatadas]]'' (1957) * ''[[Bolero inmortal]]'' (1958) * ''El vestido de novia'' (1958) * ''[[Gutierritos (telenovela, 1958)|Gutierritos]]'' (1958) (telenovela) * ''800 leguas por el Amazonas'' (1959) * ''[[Pistolas invencibles]]'' (1960) * ''Dos hijos desobedientes'' (1960) * ''[[Poker de reinas]]'' (1960) * ''El siete de copas'' (1960) * ''[[Peligros de juventud]]'' (1960) * ''Los laureles'' (1961) * ''Una pasión me domina'' (1961) * ''El tiro de gracia'' (1961) * ''Duelo indio'' (1961) * ''Enterrado vivo'' (1961) * ''Bonitas las tapatías'' (1961) * ''Amor a balazo limpio'' (1961) * ''Se alquila marido'' (1961) * ''[[Muñecos infernales]]'' (1961) * ''[[Lástima de ropa]]'' (1962) * ''La divina garza'' (1963) * ''Tres palomas alborotadas'' (1963) * ''Los derechos de los hijos'' (1963) * ''[[Tres muchachas de Jalisco]]'' (1964) * ''Los amores de Marieta'' (1964) * ''[[Me llaman el cantaclaro]]'' (1964) * ''[[Las tapatías nunca pierden]]'' (1965) * ''[[Tintansón Crusoe]]'' (1965) * ''¡Viva Benito Canales!'' (1966) * ''Los años verdes'' (1967) == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0704101/ Elvira Quintana] sou IMDb {{DEFAULTSORT:Quintana, Elvira}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè franse]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1935]] [[Kategori:Lanmò 1968]] ecaqs9hhmtwzgvc1bco28bakdlyh0et 0 79163 867995 845183 2025-06-01T16:06:27Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 867995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Mimerose Beaubrun |foto= |tèks=Mimerose Beaubrun |fonksyon=chantèz, ekriven |domèn=mizik, literati |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[13 novanm]] [[1956]] |lye nesans=[[Wanament (komin)|Wanament]] |peyi nesans=[[Ayiti]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite=ayisyen |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Mimerose Pierre''', rele '''Mimerose P. "Manzè" Beaubrun''', ki fèt [[13 novanm]] [[1956]] nan [[Wanament (komin)|Wanament]] ([[Ayiti]]), se yon fanm mizisyen ak ekriven [[Ayiti|ayisyen]]. == Biyografi == '''Mimerose Pierre''' te fèt nan [[Wanament (komin)|Wanament]], li te resevwa yon diplòm nan Antwopoloji Sosyal ak Kiltirèl nan [[Université d'État d'Haïti|Inivèsite Leta d Ayiti]].<ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=http://www.haitithenandnowhtn.com/search/label/Mimerose%20P.%20Beaubrun|title="Haiti: Then and Now" (HTN)|website=haitithenandnowhtn.com|access-date=26 fevriye 2019|archive-date=2019-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719162707/http://www.haitithenandnowhtn.com/search/label/Mimerose%2520P.%2520Beaubrun|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Beaubrun se youn nan chantè prensipal yo ak yon manm fondatè nan [[Mizik rasin|rasin]] bann [[Boukman Eksperyans]]. Li marye avèk yon lòt manm fondatè, [[Theodore Beaubrun]], yon manm nan yon fanmi remakab nan atis ayisyen.<ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=http://kreyolicious.com/the-beaubruns-haitis-first-family-of-entertainment/359|title=The Beaubruns: Haiti's First Family of Entertainment|date=23 oktòb 2011|website=Kreyolicious.com|access-date=26 fevriye 2019|archive-date=2019-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719161200/http://kreyolicious.com/the-beaubruns-haitis-first-family-of-entertainment/359|dead-url=yes}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=123065638?storyId=123065638|title=Lolo Beaubrun: A Voice Of Hope In Haiti|website=npr.org}}</ref> Koup la gen de (2) pitit : Laura ak Paul.<ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=http://kreyolicious.com/the-beaubruns-haitis-first-family-of-entertainment/359|title=The Beaubruns: Haiti's First Family of Entertainment|date=23 oktòb 2011|website=Kreyolicious.com|access-date=26 fevriye 2019|archive-date=2019-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719161200/http://kreyolicious.com/the-beaubruns-haitis-first-family-of-entertainment/359|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Li fè pwomosyon kilti ayisyèn,<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=http://www.ventsdailleurs.fr/index.php/les-auteurs/item/mimerose-p-beaubrun|title=Mimerose P. Beaubrun|website=www.ventsdailleurs.fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101194132/http://www.ventsdailleurs.fr/index.php/les-auteurs/item/mimerose-p-beaubrun|archive-date=1 novanm 2018|access-date=26 fevriye 2019}}</ref> gen ladan [[Vodou]] ayisyen, e li te fè anpil rechèch sou sistèm lavi kominal ke yo rekonèt kòm lakou.<ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://wiseop-ayiti.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/TheLakouSystem.pdf|title=The Lakou System: A Cultural, Ecological Analysis of Mothering in Rural Haiti|website=wiseop-ayiti.org|access-date=26 fevriye 2019|archive-date=2022-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308221834/https://wiseop-ayiti.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/TheLakouSystem.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Beaubrun se yon ''[[manbo]]'', oswa yon prèt Vodou. Li se otè ''Nan Dòmi, récit d'une initiation vodou'' (2011), tradui nan lang angle kòm ''Nan Dòmi: An Initiate's Journey into Haitian Vodou'' (2013).<ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=http://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/2014/november/nan-domi-initiates-journey-haitian-vodou-mimerose-p-beaubrun|title=Nan Dòmi: An Initiate’s Journey into Haitian Vodou by Mimerose P. Beaubrun|date=2 novanm 2014|website=worldliteraturetoday.org|publisher=Literature Today}}</ref> Li se ko-otè liv ''Livre ouvert sur le développement endogène d'Haïti'', ki tradui an anglè kòm ''Open Book on the Andogenous Development of Haiti'' (1998).<ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.miamibookfair.com/event/vodou-explorations-presented-in-kreyol-ayisyen-with-simultaneous-interpretation-in-english/|title=Mimerose Beaubrun|publisher=Miami Book Fair}}</ref> == Zèv li yo == * 1998 : ''Livre ouvert sur le développement endogène d'Haïti'' * 2011 : ''Nan Dòmi, récit d'une initiation vodou''<ref>{{fr}} {{cite web |url=https://www.ethnographiques.org/2011/Munier |title=BEAUBRUN P. Mimerose, 2010. Nan dòmi, le récit d’une initiation vodou. Comptes-rendus d’ouvrages |author=Hadrien Munier |publisher= |website=ethnographiques.org |date= |access-date=2 jen 2021}}</ref> == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220311012333/https://issuu.com/milenasandler/docs/grandes_dames Grandes dames de la musique haïtienne] sou issuu.com {{DEFAULTSORT:Beaubrun, Mimerose}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Mizik]] [[Kategori:Chantè ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Ekriven ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1956]] 97dr7ukagwkorrqz8fukbjhz3gmaczv 0 80064 867980 790931 2025-06-01T05:17:52Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Maïmouna N'Diaye |foto=Maimouna_N%27Diaye.jpg |tèks=Maïmouna N'Diaye |fonksyon=aktris, reyalizatris |domèn=sinema |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans= |lye nesans=[[Pari]] |peyi nesans=[[Frans]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite=franse-ginyen |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Maïmouna N'Diaye''', rele pafwa ''Maïmouna Ndiaye, Maïmouna N'diaye, Mouna N'diaye, Mouna njaay, mounanjaay, Moona Njaay'', ki fèt nan [[Pari]] ([[Frans]]), se yon [[Aktè|aktris]] ak yon [[Reyalizatè|reyalizatris]] [[Frans|fransèz]]-[[Gine|gineyèn]]. == Biyografi == Paran N'Diaye yo se orijin nijeryèn ak senegalèz. Li te pase anfans li nan [[Gine]], [[Kòt divwa]] ak [[Boukinafaso]]. Li pita emigre an Frans yo etidye teyat. Nan yon entèvyou, li te divilge ke li te deside kòmanse yon karyè fim nan Lafrik paske nan opòtinite yo limite ki disponib pou Afriken nan [[Ewòp]]. Li eksplike tou ke menm si plis opòtinite sanble egziste pou gason pase fanm nan endistri a, li pare pou li jwenn enpòtans. == Zèv li yo == === Sinema === * 1987 ː ''[[Bac ou Mariage]]'' de [[Jean Rouch]] * 1988 ː ''Les enfants de Dieu'' de [[Moussa Sène Absa]] (Senegal) * 1992 ː ''La Chasse aux papillons'' de Otar Iosseliani * 1997 ː ''Bouge'' de Jérôme Corniau * 1999 ː ''Une journée de M?'' de Miguel Courtois * 2005 ː ''Jardin en automne'' de Otar Iosseliani * 2015 ː ''[[L'œil du cyclone]]'' de [[Sékou Traoré]] * [[2020]] : ''[[Wara (seri)|Wara]]'' (seri) : Yasmin Diallo === Kout fim === * 2000 ː ''Le Cadeau de Babadi'' de Luis Marques * 1999 ː ''[[Bol d'amour]]'' de Jacques Trabi (Kòt diwa) ː aktè * 1995 ː ''[[Temedi]]'' de Gahite Fofana (Gine) * 1994 ː ''Le pari de Bintou'' de Kirsten Johnson * 1993 ː ''[[Afrique Fantôme]]'' de Ghassan Salhab ː aktè * 1993 ː ''[[Bandit Cinéma]]'' de [[Bouna Medoune Seye]] (Senegal) ː aktè === Televizyon === * 2007-2008 ː ''[[Super flics]]'' de [[Idrissa Ouédraogo]] (Seri) Issa Traoré / [[Abdoulaye Dao]] / Mimi Diallo. * 2006 ː ''[[Tropiques amers]]'' de [[Jean-Claude Barny]] * 2004 ː ''Résidence akwaba'' de Josef Muganga * 2003 ː ''Sida dans la cité 3'' de Alexi Don Zigré * 1997 ː ''Ymako'' de Robin Schufield ([[Bèljik]]) (Dokimantè) * 1997 ː ''La dernière romantique'' de Joyce Bunuel * 1996 ː ''L'Enfant de l'absente'' de Pierre Terrasson * 1995 ː ''Cœur Caraïbes'' de Paolo Barzman * 1993 ː ''Froid devant'' de Daniel Ribowski == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0618460/ Maïmouna N'Diaye] sou IMDb * [http://www.africine.org/index.php/personne/maimouna-ndiaye/10511 Maïmouna N'Diaye] sou africine.org {{DEFAULTSORT:N'Diaye, Maïmouna}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè franse]] [[Kategori:Reyalizatè franse]] [[Kategori:Aktè gineyen]] [[Kategori:Reyalizatè gineyen]] r1ovzgb5d2oxe0f2o4qd8rpcefb3oxd 867981 867980 2025-06-01T05:18:38Z Diego Agado 34785 867981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Maïmouna N'Diaye |foto=Maimouna_N%27Diaye.jpg |tèks=Maïmouna N'Diaye |fonksyon=aktris, reyalizatris |domèn=sinema |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans= |lye nesans=[[Pari]] |peyi nesans=[[Frans]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite=franse-ginyen |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Maïmouna N'Diaye''', rele pafwa ''Maïmouna Ndiaye, Maïmouna N'diaye, Mouna N'diaye, Mouna njaay, mounanjaay, Moona Njaay'', ki fèt nan [[Pari]] ([[Frans]]), se yon [[Aktè|aktris]] ak yon [[Reyalizatè|reyalizatris]] [[Frans|fransèz]]-[[Gine|gineyèn]].<ref name="imdb">{{IMDb name|0618460}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/2019/interview-with-maimouna-ndiaye-member-of-the-feature-films-jurys/|title=Interview with Maïmouna N’Diaye, member of the Feature Films Jurys|last=festivaldecannes|date=2019-05-19|website=Festival de Cannes|language=en-US|access-date=2024-09-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=10511|title=Personnes {{!}} Africultures : N'Diaye Maïmouna|website=Africultures|language=fr-FR|access-date=2024-09-30}}</ref> == Biyografi == Paran N'Diaye yo se orijin nijeryèn ak senegalèz. Li te pase anfans li nan [[Gine]], [[Kòt divwa]] ak [[Boukinafaso]]. Li pita emigre an Frans yo etidye teyat. Nan yon entèvyou, li te divilge ke li te deside kòmanse yon karyè fim nan Lafrik paske nan opòtinite yo limite ki disponib pou Afriken nan [[Ewòp]]. Li eksplike tou ke menm si plis opòtinite sanble egziste pou gason pase fanm nan endistri a, li pare pou li jwenn enpòtans.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://burkina24.com/2016/12/23/mouna-ndiaye-jai-fait-ma-premiere-scene-de-theatre-avec-sotigui-kouyate/|title=Mouna N'Diaye: "I made my first stage with Sotigui Kouyaté"|last=admin (in French)|date=December 23, 2016|website=[[Burkina 24]]|access-date=November 7, 2017}}</ref> == Zèv li yo == === Sinema === * 1987 ː ''[[Bac ou Mariage]]'' de [[Jean Rouch]] * 1988 ː ''Les enfants de Dieu'' de [[Moussa Sène Absa]] (Senegal) * 1992 ː ''La Chasse aux papillons'' de Otar Iosseliani * 1997 ː ''Bouge'' de Jérôme Corniau * 1999 ː ''Une journée de M?'' de Miguel Courtois * 2005 ː ''Jardin en automne'' de Otar Iosseliani * 2015 ː ''[[L'œil du cyclone]]'' de [[Sékou Traoré]] * [[2020]] : ''[[Wara (seri)|Wara]]'' (seri) : Yasmin Diallo === Kout fim === * 2000 ː ''Le Cadeau de Babadi'' de Luis Marques * 1999 ː ''[[Bol d'amour]]'' de Jacques Trabi (Kòt diwa) ː aktè * 1995 ː ''[[Temedi]]'' de Gahite Fofana (Gine) * 1994 ː ''Le pari de Bintou'' de Kirsten Johnson * 1993 ː ''[[Afrique Fantôme]]'' de Ghassan Salhab ː aktè * 1993 ː ''[[Bandit Cinéma]]'' de [[Bouna Medoune Seye]] (Senegal) ː aktè === Televizyon === * 2007-2008 ː ''[[Super flics]]'' de [[Idrissa Ouédraogo]] (Seri) Issa Traoré / [[Abdoulaye Dao]] / Mimi Diallo. * 2006 ː ''[[Tropiques amers]]'' de [[Jean-Claude Barny]] * 2004 ː ''Résidence akwaba'' de Josef Muganga * 2003 ː ''Sida dans la cité 3'' de Alexi Don Zigré * 1997 ː ''Ymako'' de Robin Schufield ([[Bèljik]]) (Dokimantè) * 1997 ː ''La dernière romantique'' de Joyce Bunuel * 1996 ː ''L'Enfant de l'absente'' de Pierre Terrasson * 1995 ː ''Cœur Caraïbes'' de Paolo Barzman * 1993 ː ''Froid devant'' de Daniel Ribowski == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0618460/ Maïmouna N'Diaye] sou IMDb * [http://www.africine.org/index.php/personne/maimouna-ndiaye/10511 Maïmouna N'Diaye] sou africine.org {{DEFAULTSORT:N'Diaye, Maïmouna}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè franse]] [[Kategori:Reyalizatè franse]] [[Kategori:Aktè gineyen]] [[Kategori:Reyalizatè gineyen]] 4hu5359rudzy3py4lmwiqwr9a5e1y3a 0 81041 867954 800335 2025-06-01T04:47:55Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867954 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jou Latè''' a se yon selebrasyon anviwònman enpòtan sosyete sivil la. Selebre sou 22 avril, Jou Latè a se yon evènman mondyal anyèl kote plizyè evènman ki sipòte pwoteksyon anviwònman yo fèt ak kowòdone atravè ''Rezo Earth Day Network''.<ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.earthday.org|title=Earth Day Network {{!}} Earth Day April 22, 2017|website=earthday.org|publisher=Earth Day Network|access-date=28 novanm 2017}}</ref> == Orijin == [[Fichye:Tiny_playground_(rather_playboard),_Berkeley,_Jan_1970.jpg|thumb| Timoun k ap jwe avèk latè pandan Jounen renesans Latè nan [[Berkeley, Kalifòni]], nan mwa janvye 1970. Evènman sa a se te youn nan evènman anvan kreyasyon Jou Latè.]] Premye jou Latè selebre sou 22 avril 1970 ki te dirije pa Senatè [[Wiskonnsin]] Gaylord Nelson ki ankouraje etidyan yo ogmante konsyantizasyon [[anviwònman]] an nan kominote yo, Jou Latè a make anivèsè nesans la nan pi gwo mouvman anviwònman an nan mond lan. Selon Gaylord Nelson, non "Earth Day a" oswa "Jou Latè" te sanble "evidan ak lojik" ak sijere pa anpil, anpil moun, ki gen ladan yon zanmi nan relasyon piblik, direktè piblisite nan [[Nouyòk]], Julian Koenig an 1969. Ane kote Koenig te nan komite ki òganize evènman sa a e li te remake menm son an ant ''birthday'' ak ''Earth day'' depi li te fèt.yon 22 avril, jou chwazi pou Jou Latè, relasyon an te sanble natirèl. Anplis de sa, Denis Hayes, yon etidyan ki te patisipe nan devlopman premye Jou Latè a, te itilize tou deziyasyon sa a nan laprès ak kominikasyon, kidonk non an kole. Pandan se tan, John McConnell (militan pasifis), yon aktivis pwoteksyon anviwònman, pwopoze yon lòt dat pou Jou Latè ki te 20 oswa 21 mas, jou ki koresponn ak ekinòks prentan, sa vle di renouvèlman pou li.<ref>{{en}} {{Cite journal|last=|date=23 fevriye 2016|title=Who Invented Earth Day?|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/who-invented-earth-day-1203659|journal=ThoughtCo|page=|issn=|access-date=28 novanm 2017}}</ref> Gaylord Nelson te pwopoze premye gwo demonstrasyon anviwonmantal sou teritwa ameriken an pou defye sèn politik la ak fòse ensèsyon pwoblèm anviwonmantal nan kad politik nasyonal la. « Se te yon pari, men li te reyisi [3] ", li sonje. Vreman vre, premye Jou Latè sa a te mennen nan kreyasyon Ajans Pwoteksyon Anviwònman Etazini (EPA) anba administrasyon Richard Nixon an 1970 ak pasaj lwa yo ". ''Clean Air, Clean Water, and Endangered Species'' ". An 1990, anba ejis nan ekolojis ameriken Denis Hayes, Jou Latè te vin yon evènman mondyal, ki mobilize 200 milyon moun nan 141 peyi ak aji kòm yon levye pou pwoblèm anviwònman mondyal.<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite journal|date=22 avril 2014|title=Jour de la terre : la planète à l'honneur pendant 24 heures|url=http://www.rtl.fr/actu/environnement/jour-de-la-terre-la-planete-a-l-honneur-pendant-24-heures-7771337421|journal=RTL.fr|access-date=27 fevriye 2017}}</ref> Jou Latè a te bay yon gwo ogmantasyon nan kanpay konsyantizasyon reitilize ak resiklaj ak Somè Latè Nasyonzini an 1992 nan [[Rio de Janeiro]]. [[Fichye:Secretary_Kerry_Holds_Granddaughter_Dobbs-Higginson_on_Lap_While_Signing_COP21_Climate_Change_Agreement_at_UN_General_Assembly_Hall_in_New_York_(26512345421).jpg|thumb| John Kerry, akonpaye pa pitit fi li, siyen Akò a Pari, 22 avril 2016 nan Nasyon Zini.]] An 2016, plis pase 170 pati yo te siyen Akò Pari (ki gen ladan [[Chin|Lachin]], [[Etazini]] ak [[Inyon Ewopeyèn|Inyon Ewopeyen an]] ) pandan Jou Latè. An Frans ak Kebèk, Jou Latè travay pou bay moun ak òganizasyon zouti pou ankouraje yon chanjman nan aksyon anviwònman an. Pou sa, asosyasyon fransèz ak kebèkwaz yo ap mete sou pye yon kalandriye patisipatif sou entènèt pou tout moun ka rantre nan yon aktivite oswa enskri.<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=http://www.jourdelaterre.org|title=Jour de la Terre – Le 22 avril et tous les jours!|last=|date=|website=jourdelaterre.org|access-date=27 fevriye 2017}}</ref> === Lafrans === An [[Frans]], sou 22 avril 1990, apre yon rankont avèk Denis Hayes, sou enstigasyon Konpayi Pwodiksyon Televizyon, ETC, e avèk sipò tout medya yo, ''Jou Latè'' te selebre pa plizyè santèn milye moun ki te rasanble plizyè milye aktivite gaye sou tout teritwa a. Jouk jounen jodi a, evènman sa a se pi gwo mobilizasyon anviwonmantal nan listwa Frans. Plizyè asosyasyon ki gen rapò ak Latè e anviwònman an chwazi dat sa a pou mete yon evènman an patikilye ; konsa, Sosyete Jeyolojik Lafrans (SGF) òganize nan dat sa a ''Jounen Nasyonal Jeyoloji''.<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.geosoc.fr/manifestation-sgf/agenda-des-reunions-colloques-sgf/event/601-journee-nationale-de-la-geologie.html|title=Séances, réunions, journées parrainées ou organisées par la SGF : Journée nationale de la Géologie|last=|date=|website=geosoc.fr geosoc.fr|access-date=22 mas 2019}}</ref> === Kanada === Selebre, apre Jou Latè frankofòn, depi 1990 nan [[Kebèk]], epi li te pran an 1995 pa yon òganizasyon non gouvènmantal lokal, Jou Latè te bay tèt li misyon pou sipòte moun ak òganizasyon nan tranzisyon anviwònman yo. An 2012, plis pase 300 000 moun te rasanble nan lari Monreyal pou fòme yon gwo pye bwa imen ak pi gwo manifestasyon ki te fèt nan Kebèk. == Jounen ekinòks ki fè eko Nasyonzini == An fevriye 1971, Sekretè Jeneral Nasyonzini, U Thant, siyen pwoklamasyon Jou Entènasyonal Latè. Li se tradisyonèl yo selebre jou sa a lè yo sonnen nan moman ekinòks la klòch Lapè ''(klòch Japonèz lapè''), yon klòch [[Japon]] bay Nasyonzini. == Patisipasyon == Jou Latè nan ane 2000 la rive (gras a Entènèt la an patikilye) yon patisipasyon rekò. Nan 184 peyi yo, yo estime ke kantite patisipan yo afekte nan yon fason oswa yon lòt te sou lòd la nan kèk santèn milyon. An 2006, plis pase 500 milyon moun te pran aksyon oswa te patisipe nan yon evènman pou Jou Latè.<ref>{{fr}} {{cite web |url=http://voir.ca/societe/2006/04/20/jour-de-la-terre-un-22-avril-sur-terre/ |title=Jour de la Terre - Un 22 avril sur Terre |author= |publisher= |website=voir.ca |date= |access-date=22 avril 2014}}</ref> Pandan ane yo, Jou Latè te vin pi enpòtan evènman patisipatif anviwònman an sou [[planèt]] la. Nan lane 2020, mouvman an selebre 50yèm anivèsè li ak patisipasyon san parèy te espere, men akòz [[pandemi Covid-19 ]] la pi fò nan evènman fizik te planifye yo pa te kapab fèt. Sepandan, yon mobilizasyon sou entènèt san parèy reyini moun ki soti toupatou nan [[lemonn]] gras ak #JourdelaTerreChezSoi <ref>[https://jourdelaterre.org/qc/22-avril/campagne/jourdelaterrechezsoi/ "Campagne du Jour de la Terre Chez Soi"]</ref> (#EarthDayAtHome). == Gade tou == * Jounen mondyal meteyowolojik * [[Jounen Mondyal Anviwònman]] * [[Drapo Latè]] * Earth Hour * Jounen Aksyon Mondyal == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Jounen entènasyonal]] [[Kategori:Latè]] d5mz87buyjpykhxbggw4pptesi4k4cu 0 81246 867990 862485 2025-06-01T15:42:23Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 867990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Lina Mathon-Blanchet |foto= |tèks=Lina Mathon-Blanchet |fonksyon=pyanis, pwofesè mizik, konpozitris |domèn=mizik |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[3 janvye]] [[1903]] |lye nesans=[[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] |peyi nesans=[[Ayiti]] |dat lanmò=[[11 mas]] [[1994]] |lye lanmò=[[Petyonvil (komin)|Petyonvil]] |peyi lanmò=[[Ayiti]] |nasyonalite=ayisyen |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Lina Mathon-Blanchet''', ki fèt [[3 janvye]] [[1903]] nan [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] ([[Ayiti]]) epi ki mouri [[11 mas]] [[1994]] nan [[Petyonvil (komin)|Petyonvil]] ([[Ayiti]]), se yon pyanis [[Ayiti|ayisyen]], pwofesè mizik ak konpozitris. == Biyografi == === Lavi bonè === Lina Mathon te fèt 3 janvye 1903 nan [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]], Ayiti. Li se pitit fi Cléante N. Marie Anne (ki fèt Carré) ak Charles Mathon. Papa li se yon doktè ak manman li leve senk (5) pitit. Depi yon laj byen bonè, Mathon te enterese nan pyano a epi li te kòmanse etid fòmèl nan laj kat (4) ane avèk [[Justin Elie]]. Ant 1917 ak 1921, li te etidye mizik klasik nan [[Pari]] nan ''Ecole Notre-Dame de Sion''. === Karyè === Lè Mathon te retounen ann Ayiti, li te kòmanse bay leson pyano e 10 desanm 1924 li marye avèk Arthur Margron, ak li te fè yon pitit gason, Reynold (1925–1926). Louvri yon lekòl, ''Lycée Musical de Port-au-Prince'', Mathon-Margron te anseye nan tradisyon mizik klasik oksidantal la, li te yon fanatik an patikilye pou [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]]. Nan ane 1920 yo ak ane 1930 yo ann Ayiti, te gen yon renouvèlman enterè nan endijenis ak tradisyon popilè nan peyi a. Mathon-Margron te vin kaptive pa Vodou epi li te mande yon sèvant pou mennen l nan yon seremoni. Transkripsyon mizik ki soti nan evènman an, li te kòmanse enkòpore li nan repètwa elèv li yo. Li te etidye tèks, melodi ak ritm mizik popilè li te rankontre nan divès vilaj riral ke yo rele ''lakous'', li te kòmanse konpoze mizik pou ansanm chanm, koral ak pyano. Mathon-Margron te youn nan premye moun ki te kode tradisyon mizik ak dans ann Ayiti. Li te kolabore ak [[Werner Jaegerhuber]] nan yon pwojè pou dokimante chanson lokal ki gen anpil moun nan kilti a, men mekontantman pou li te senpleman kolekte chanson nan men peyizan ak machann nan mache lokal la, Mathon-Margron te vizite kominote yo ak tanp Vodou ki te dokimante mizik la nan ekspedisyon sou teren yo. Li te pibliye tou apèl nan jounal ki ankouraje [[atis]] ki te ekri chante kreyòl orijinal yo pou kontribiye nan koleksyon li. [5] Repitasyon li te gaye toupatou e li te fè echanj rechèch li ak atis ak akademik, tankou Harold Courlander ak Jean Murai. Nan mitan ane 1930 yo, premye mari Mathon-Margron mouri. An 1937, li fonde ''Choeur Folklorique National'', yon gwoup koral amatè ki jwe mizik sou tematik ayisyen. [8] Li te defye koutim lokal yo epi an 1938, te prezante yon gwoup etidyan nan ''Ecole Maud Turian'', kote li te anseye vwa, avèk chanson an [[kreyòl ayisyen]]. [3] Sa a se te youn nan premye fwa ke yon chanson enspire pa Vodou ak [[lingua franca]] peyi a te fèt piblikman pou sosyete "politès". Ant 1939 ak 1940 gwoup la jwe nan evènman charite ak sal konferans, osi byen ke nan klib tankou Cercle Bellevue a ak Cercle Port-au-Princien. Nan epòk sa a, li te marye av̠k yon refijye jwif-polonè, Max Fussman, ki te kouri kite peyi li akòz [[Dezyèm Gè mondyal|Dezyèm Gè Mondyal la]]. Nan kòmansman ane 1940 yo, li fòme ''Haïti Chant et Danse'', yon ansanm ki fè dans [[vodou]] ansanm ak mizik. An 1941, Mathon-Fussman te chwazi pa [[Élie Lescot]], byento pou vin prezidan Ayiti pou ale nan Festival Folk Nasyonal nan [[Wachintòn]] ak kenz (15) etidyan ki te rele gwoup yo ''Legba Singers'' . [1] Seleksyon gwoup li a te kontwovèsyal paske òganizatè yo te okòmansman te vle atis Vodou natif natal, men yo te avèti ke yo ta dwe asire yo ke yo dwe fè "san posesyon lespri ki vin apre". Kòm li te enposib fè asirans sa yo, gwoup Mathon-Fussman a te chwazi asire ke li te kòm natif natal ke posib men li ta ka yon pèfòmans kontwole. [12] Li te tou mande pou li byen vit fòme elèv yo nan dans, kòm nan pwen sa a, yo te sèlman chante chante tradisyonèl yo. Li fè yon aranjman ak yon ''sèvitè'' ki byen respekte, li pran etidyan li yo pou yo antre nan yon zòn riral andeyò Pòtoprens. Nan epòk sa a, Legliz Katolik ann Ayiti t ap mennen yon kanpay kont sipèstisyon nan tout peyi a e yo te arete Mathon-Fussman ak etidyan li yo, menmsi li te kapab jwenn liberasyon yo. ''Legba Singers'' te jwe nan konferans Panameriken an, premye gwoup ayisyen ki te chante sou sèn nan chante ak dans ki te enspire Vodou a. [8] Aprè prestasyon yo, yo te fè yon toune pou de (2) semèn nan avni tankou Constitution Hall, Howard University, ak International House nan Washington e yo te fè nan Washington Irving High School nan vil [[Nouyòk]], [10] Pèfòmans nan Constitution. Hall te make premye fwa atis nwa yo te jwe la, kòm de ane anvan, chantè Afriken-Ameriken an, Marian Anderson te entèdi pa baryè a koulè. Nan yon resepsyon ki te fèt nan Carlton Hotel la e ke diplomat entènasyonal yo te patisipe, yo te prezante gwoup Mathon-Fussman kòm anbasadè kiltirèl. Rasanbleman an te make premye fwa ke Vodou te rekonèt ofisyèlman kòm yon pati nan eritaj kiltirèl Ayiti, byenke akseptasyon sa a te apeze pa yon transfòmasyon nan seremoni nan koregrafi estilize. Te gen repèkisyon nan kominote a, ki te kòmanse stigmatize manm twoup dans yo kòm pratik nan maji nwa, osi byen ke pè ke "kontaminasyon" ta ka rive. Repons ofisyèl gouvènman an se te andose kanpay anti-sipèstisyon Legliz Katolik la epi pwomèt ranfòsman militè ak sivik bay ofisyèl legliz yo. Sepandan, an menm tan, eta a te aksepte ke folkdance retire konotasyon seremoni li yo, se te yon trase pou devlope touris. An 1943, Mathon-Fussman ak mari li te deplase nan [[Wachintòn]], kote li te etidye nan Inivèsite Katolik Amerik la. Li te retounen detanzantan Washington ak vil Nouyòk, kote li te etidye nan Teachers College, Columbia University, pandan tout ane 1940 ak 1950 yo. Dezyèm mari li mouri an 1947, ak an 1952, li te remarye ak Jules Blanchet ak ki moun li te gen yon pitit fi Margaret. Jules te Premye Konseye nan Tribinal de Kont ak fanmi an te fè kay yo nan [[Petyonvil (komin)|Petyonvil]]. Nève Mathon-Blanchet, Ferère Laguerre, yon etidyan ak yon kòlèg, fonde ''Choeur Simidor'', pou ki li konpoze ak ranje mizik. An 1947, li fonde e li vin ko-direktè Troupe Nationale Folklorique ansanm ak neve li Laguerre, Micheline Laudun Denis, ak Jean-Léon Destiné. Twoup dans la te fonde kòm yon pati nan kòm yon machin pou kreye dans tradisyonèl pou fèstivite ki antoure bisantnè ayisyen an. Lè [[Paul Eugène Magloire|Paul Magloire]] te vin prezidan Ayiti, li te nonmen Mathon-Blanchet kòm premye direktè Conservatoire National. Majorite konpozisyon Mathon-Blanchet yo te pèdi. Yon travay pyano solo, ''No II'', ki te konpoze an 1952 ak yon chante popilè ak de (2) mèreng ; yon kwatèt kòd ''Contes et Légendes'' konpoze ak achiv nan Inivèsite Katolik Amerik la; ak senk (5) chanson ranje , ''Kim'ba la'', ''La souce o m'pralé'', ''Mé-mé'', ''Pinga ma hi roulé'', ak ''Souflé vent'' se kèk nan nòt li li te ye. Mathon-Blanchet kontinye anseye, pwomouvwa atis ak jwe pandan tout deseni ane 1950 yo [27] rive nan ane 1980 yo. An 1988, Orchestre Philharmonique Sainte Trinité, sou direksyon Julio Racine, fè aranjman li nan ''Soufle Vent''. Ane annapre a, li te travay kòm konseye mizik pou pwodiksyon ''Doréus'' ak ''Tezen'' nan Ballet Folk ayisyen an. [3] Dènye reprezantasyon piblik li a se yon resital yo te bay nan Legliz Saint-Pierre de Petyonvil an 1994. Premyè direktris Konsèvatwa Nasyonal la, li te enterese nan tradisyon folklorik Ayiti yo e li te youn nan premye atis ki enfliyanse teyat avèk vodou sou sèn piblik nan peyi a. Li fonde plizyè twoup folklorik, li te dirije atis li yo nan vwayaj atravè peyi Etazini e li te remake kòm yon pwofesè ak konseye anpil atis ayisyen enpòtan. Li resevwa fòmasyon nan tradisyon mizik klasik li te kolekte chanson tradisyonèl ki dokimante pawòl, melodi, ak ritm yo te jwenn kòm tèm tradisyonèl nan [[Mizik Dayiti|mizik ayisyen an]]. Yo rekonèt li kòm youn nan figi ki pi enfliyan nan devlopman mizik ann Ayiti nan ventyèm syèk la. === Lanmò ak eritaj === Mathon-Blanchet mouri 11 mas 1994. Yo sonje li kòm youn nan mizisyen ayisyen ki pi enfliyan nan ventyèm syèk la, ki enfliyanse jenerasyon mizisyen ak atis ayisyen. Enfliyans li te gen yon enpak mondyal nan entwodui boza ak tèm afriken sou sèn nan nan ane 1940 yo rive nan ane 1950 yo, ki te vin estanda nan pèfòmans dans modèn 21yèm syèk la. Pami elèv li yo te genyen : [[Frisner Augustin]], Raymond Baillargau ki te jwe sou non sèn [[Ti Roro]], [[Lumane Casimir]], [[Micheline Laudun Denis]], [[Yole Dérose]], [[Jean-Léon Destiné]], Jacky Duroseau, James Germain, [[Martha Jean-Claude]], [[Emerante Morse]] ak Guy Scott. == Bibliyografi == {{refbegin|30em}} * {{en}} {{cite news |last1=Bailey |first1=Franck J. |title=Down Every Rue |url=http://www.dloc.com/AA00015023/00369/9 |access-date=16 July 2018 |volume=6 |issue=37 |publisher=Haiti Sun |date=3 June 1956 |location=Port-au-Prince, Haiti |page=7 |via=Digital Library of the Caribbean, [[George A. Smathers Libraries]], University of Florida}} * {{fr}} {{cite web |last1=Claude-Narcisse |first1=Jasmine |last2=Narcisse |first2=Pierre-Richard |title=Lina Mathon Blanchet |url=http://www.haiticulture.ch/lina_mathon_blanchet.html |website=haiticulture.ch |publisher=Mémoire de Femmes, UNICEF Haiti |access-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428064625/http://www.haiticulture.ch/lina_mathon_blanchet.html |archive-date=28 April 2016 |location=Geneva, Switzerland|date=2005}} * {{fr}} {{cite news |last1=Dambreville |first1=Claude |title=Instantanés |url=http://www.dloc.com/UF00000081/06751/1 |access-date=16 July 2018 |issue=28,083 |publisher=[[Le Nouvelliste (Haiti)|Le Nouvelliste]] |date=21 May 1970 |location=Port-au-Prince, Haiti |page=1|trans-title=Snapshots |via=Digital Library of the Caribbean, [[George A. Smathers Libraries]], University of Florida}} * {{fr}} {{cite book |last1=Destiné |first1=Jean Léon |editor1-last=Fondation Haïti Jazz |title=Grandes dames de la musique haïtienne |date=2013 |publisher=Nota Bene Editions |isbn=978-99935-7-391-3 |volume=1 |chapter-url=https://issuu.com/milenasandler/docs/grandes_dames |location=Haiti |chapter=Lina Mathon Blanchet: 1903-1994 |pages=14–17 |access-date=2022-03-18 |archive-date=2022-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311012333/https://issuu.com/milenasandler/docs/grandes_dames |dead-url=yes }} * {{en}} {{cite book|last1=Dirksen|first1=Rebecca|editor-last1=Knight|editor-first1=Franklin W.|editor-last2=Gates, Jr.|editor-first2=Henry Louis|title=Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro–Latin American Biography|chapter-url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199935796.001.0001/acref-9780199935796-e-273?rskey=QC2cSC&result=272|year=2016|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford, England|isbn=978-0-19-993579-6|chapter=Blanchet, Lina Mathon (1903–1994), Haitian pianist, composer, folklorist, ethnographer, choreographer, and arts promoter|doi=10.1093/acref/9780199935796.001.0001}} *{{cite journal |last1=Francis |first1=Allison E. |title=Serving the Spirit of the Dance: A Study of Jean-Léon Destiné, Lina Mathon Blanchet, and Haitian Folkloric Traditions |journal=Journal of Haitian Studies |date=Fall 2009 |volume=15 |issue=1–2 |pages=304–315 |publisher=[[University of California, Santa Barbara]], Center for Black Studies Research |location=Santa Barbara, California |issn=1090-3488|jstor=41715167 }} *{{cite book |last=Largey |first=Michael |title=Vodou Nation: Haitian Art Music and Cultural Nationalism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BevX9ATCxZQC&pg=PA203 |year=2006 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |isbn=978-0-226-46865-5}} *{{cite book |last=Ramsey |first=Kate |title=The Spirits and the Law: Vodou and Power in Haiti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=enfRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA228 |year=2014 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |isbn=978-0-226-70381-7}} *{{cite journal |last=Ramsey |first=Kate |title=Without One Ritual Note: Folklore Performance and the Haitian State, 1935–1946 |url=http://tourismandcaribbeanliterature.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/91798404/kate%20ramsey%20without%20one%20ritual%20note.pdf |date=Fall 2002 |journal=[[Radical History Review]] |volume=2002 |issue=84 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |issn=0163-6545 |pages=7–42|doi=10.1215/01636545-2002-84-7}} *{{cite book |last1=Weil |first1=Thomas E. |last2=Black |first2=Jan Knippers |last3=Blutstein |first3=Howard I. |last4=Johnston |first4=Kathryn T. |last5=McMorris |first5=David S. |last6=Munson |first6=Frederick P. |title=Haiti: A country study |url=https://archive.org/stream/areahandbookforh00weil#page/99/mode/1up |edition=5th |series=Area Handbook Series: Foreign Area Studies |year=1985 |publisher=United States Government Printing Office, Secretary of the Army |location=Washington, D. C.|oclc=941685504}} *{{cite journal |last1=Wilcken |first1=Lois |title=Reflections on the Life and Legacy of Frisner Augustin |journal=Voices |date=Fall–Winter 2012 |volume=38 |issue=3–4 |pages=3–12 |url=http://www.nyfolklore.org/pubs/voic38-3-4/drummerm.html |access-date=16 July 2018 |publisher=New York Folklore Society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418201726/http://www.nyfolklore.org/pubs/voic38-3-4/drummerm.html |archive-date=18 April 2018 |location=Schenectady, New York |issn=1551-7268}} *{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Concert and Recital |url=http://www.dloc.com/AA00027284/00005/1 |access-date=16 July 2018 |issue=7 |publisher=Crumbie Papers: Voudou Archive |date=1941 |location=Miami, Florida |via=Digital Library of the Caribbean, [[George A. Smathers Libraries]], University of Florida |postscript=. Newspaper clipping, undated, unnamed newspaper.}} *{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Gladys Le Bas chez les époux Lucien Scott |url=http://www.dloc.com/UF00000081/07982/1 |access-date=16 July 2018 |issue=22818 |publisher=[[Le Nouvelliste (Haiti)|Le Nouvelliste]] |date=28 August 1952 |location=Port-au-Prince, Haiti |page=1 |language=French |trans-title=Gladys Le Bas takes as spouse Lucien Scott |via=Digital Library of the Caribbean, [[George A. Smathers Libraries]], University of Florida}} *{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Mariages |url=http://www.dloc.com/UF00081213/06308/2 |access-date=16 July 2018 |issue=5381 |publisher=[[Le Matin (Haiti)|Le Matin]] |date=9 December 1924 |location=Port-au-Prince, Haiti |page=2 |language=French |quote=Demain la Serie s’ouvre par le marriage de Melle Lina Mathon avec M. Arthur Margron (Tomorrow the Serie opens with the marriage of Miss Lina Mathon with Mr. Arthur Margron) |trans-title=Marriages |via=Digital Library of the Caribbean, [[George A. Smathers Libraries]], University of Florida}} *{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Le Spectacle du Casino |url=http://www.dloc.com/UF00000081/02853/4 |access-date=16 July 2018 |issue=24,156 |publisher=[[Le Nouvelliste (Haiti)|Le Nouvelliste]] |date=13 May 1957 |location=Port-au-Prince, Haiti |page=4 |language=French |trans-title=The Casino Show |via=Digital Library of the Caribbean, [[George A. Smathers Libraries]], University of Florida}} *{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Mme. Stankovich Heard In Recital At French Institute |url=http://www.dloc.com/AA00015023/00442/11 |access-date=16 July 2018 |volume=9 |issue=8 |publisher=Haiti Sun |date=16 November 1958 |location=Port-au-Prince, Haiti |page=11 |via=Digital Library of the Caribbean, [[George A. Smathers Libraries]], University of Florida}} *{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Personality of the Week |url=http://www.dloc.com/AA00015023/00135/1 |access-date=16 July 2018 |volume=2 |issue=35 |publisher=Haiti Sun |date=18 May 1952 |location=Port-au-Prince, Haiti |pages=1, 6 |via=Digital Library of the Caribbean, [[George A. Smathers Libraries]], University of Florida}} *{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Retour de Mme Lina Fussman-Mathon |url=http://www.dloc.com/UF00000081/11856/1 |access-date=16 July 2018 |issue=22314 |publisher=[[Le Nouvelliste (Haiti)|Le Nouvelliste]] |date=13 August 1948 |location=Port-au-Prince, Haiti |page=1 |language=French |trans-title=Return of Mrs. Lina Fussman-Mathon |via=Digital Library of the Caribbean, [[George A. Smathers Libraries]], University of Florida}} *{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Simidor Choir in Successful Recital at French Institute |url=http://www.dloc.com/AA00015023/00396/4 |access-date=16 July 2018 |volume=7 |issue=12 |publisher=Haiti Sun |date=16 December 1956|location=Port-au-Prince, Haiti |page=4 |via=Digital Library of the Caribbean, [[George A. Smathers Libraries]], University of Florida}} *{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Thousand Attend Benefit Variety Show By Artists At Theatre de Verdure for Lumane Casimir Fund |url=http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00015023/00391/17 |access-date=16 July 2018 |volume=7 |issue=7 |publisher=Haiti Sun |date=4 November 1956a |location=Port-au-Prince, Haiti |page=17 |via=Digital Library of the Caribbean, [[George A. Smathers Libraries]], University of Florida}} *{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=ti Joseph report |url=http://www.dloc.com/AA00015023/00217/4 |access-date=16 July 2018 |volume=4 |issue=21 |publisher=Haiti Sun |date=14 February 1953a |location=Port-au-Prince, Haiti |page=4 |via=Digital Library of the Caribbean, [[George A. Smathers Libraries]], University of Florida}} *{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Triomphe de Lynn W. Rouzier|url=http://www.dloc.com/UF00000081/10441/2 |access-date=16 July 2018 |issue=31,119 |publisher=[[Le Nouvelliste (Haiti)|Le Nouvelliste]] |date=10 July 1979 |location=Port-au-Prince, Haiti |pages=1, 2 |language=French |trans-title=Triumph of Lynn W. Rouzier |via=Digital Library of the Caribbean, [[George A. Smathers Libraries]], University of Florida}} *{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Two American Rhythm Seekers Revisit Haiti |url=http://www.dloc.com/AA00015023/00191/10 |access-date=16 July 2018 |volume=3 |issue=42 |publisher=Haiti Sun |date=9 August 1953b |location=Port-au-Prince, Haiti |page=10 |via=Digital Library of the Caribbean, [[George A. Smathers Libraries]], University of Florida}} *{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Une Excellente Idee |url=http://www.dloc.com/UF00000081/03261/4 |access-date=16 July 2018 |issue=14895 |publisher=[[Le Nouvelliste (Haiti)|Le Nouvelliste]] |date=16 February 1938 |location=Port-au-Prince, Haiti |page=6 |language=French |trans-title=Return of Mrs. Lina Fussman-Mathon |via=Digital Library of the Caribbean, [[George A. Smathers Libraries]], University of Florida}} *{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Young Haitian Pianist Returns |url=http://www.dloc.com/AA00015023/00248/3 |access-date=16 July 2018 |volume=12 |issue=12 |publisher=Haiti Sun |date=31 January 1960 |location=Port-au-Prince, Haiti |page=3 |via=Digital Library of the Caribbean, [[George A. Smathers Libraries]], University of Florida}} {{refend}} == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == {{DEFAULTSORT:Mathon-Blanchet, Lina}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Mizik]] [[Kategori:Mizisyen]] [[Kategori:Mizisyen ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Pyanis ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Konpozitè ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1903]] [[Kategori:Lanmò 1994]] adn6x7kx0ewa0i6sz6eu2cp9dpy50nz 0 81253 867987 796460 2025-06-01T13:36:46Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 867987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Andrée Gauthier Canez |foto= |tèks=Andrée Gauthier Canez |fonksyon=chantèz |domèn=mizik |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[1904]] |lye nesans=[[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] |peyi nesans=[[Ayiti]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite=ayisyen |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Andrée Gauthier Canez''', ki fèt an [[1904]] nan [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] ([[Ayiti]]), se yon [[chantè|chantèz]] [[Ayiti|ayisyèn]]. == Biyografi == Andrée Gauthier Canez fèt an 1904 nan [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] ([[Ayiti]]). Li se yon chantèz soprano. Li rankontre Werner Jaegerhuber an 1921. An 1925 li marye avèk Valiério Canez. Mari li te yon antreprenè ak vyolonis. Li ede lanse karyè li epi li konsakre tèt li tou nan mizik. Andrée Gauthier Canez etudye nan lekòl rele "École Universelle" nan konsèvatwa mizik nan [[Pari]] an 1935. Nan lane 1936, li li fè yon premye konsè nan "Cercle Port-au-Princien. == Zèv li yo == == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220311012333/https://issuu.com/milenasandler/docs/grandes_dames Grandes dames de la musique haïtienne] sou issuu.com {{DEFAULTSORT:Gauthier Canez, Andrée}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Mizik]] [[Kategori:Chantè]] [[Kategori:Chantè ayisyen]] n52y688xhtpivdutmc83up81edhejmc 0 81270 867940 796529 2025-05-31T20:00:40Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Korije yon fòt òtograf 867940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Franck Gastambide |foto=Franck_Gastambide_Cannes_2018.jpg |tèks=Franck Gastambide (2018) |fonksyon=aktè, pwodiktè, reyalizatè |domèn=sinema, televizyon |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[31 oktòb]] [[1978]] |lye nesans=[[Melun]] |peyi nesans=[[Frans]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite=franse |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Franck Gastambide''', ki fèt [[31 oktòb]] [[1978]] nan [[Melun]] ([[Frans]]), se yon [[aktè]], [[pwodiktè sinema|pwodiktè]], [[reyalizatè]] ak [[senaris]] [[Frans|franse]]. == Biyografi == Depi2018 li se menaj [[Sabrina Ouazani]].<ref>{{fr}} {{cite web |url=https://www.parismatch.com/People/Franck-Gastambide-et-Sabrina-Ouazani-les-amoureux-du-Festival-de-l-Alpe-d-Huez-1600077 |title=Franck Gastambide et Sabrina Ouazani, les amoureux du Festival de l'Alpe d'Huez |author= |publisher= |website=parismatch.com |date= |access-date=27 me 2020}}</ref> == Zèv li yo == === Sinema === * [[2010]] : ''[[Il reste du jambon ?]]'' d'[[Anne Depétrini]] : youn nan 3 Swis * [[2011]] : ''[[De force]]'' de [[Frank Henry (écrivain)|Frank Henry]] : kaskèt Nike * 2011 : ''[[De l'huile sur le feu]]'' de [[Nicolas Benamou]] : yon fanatik * [[2012]] : ''[[Les Kaïra]]'' de Franck Gastambide : Mousten * [[2013]] : ''[[Vive la France (fim, 2013)|Vive la France]]'' de [[Michaël Youn]] : Kévin, machann zam * [[2014]] : ''[[Les Gazelles (fim)|Les Gazelles]]'' de [[Mona Achache]] : Éric * [[2015]] : ''[[Toute première fois (fim)|Toute première fois]]'' de [[Maxime Govare]] ak [[Noémie Saglio]] : Charles * 2015 : ''[[Made in France (fim)|Made in France]]'' de [[Nicolas Boukhrief]] : Dubreuil * 2015 : ''[[Enragés (fim, 2015)|Enragés]]'' d'[[Éric Hannezo]] : Manu * [[2016]] : ''[[Pattaya (film)|Pattaya]]'' de Franck Gastambide : Francky * 2016 : ''[[Good Luck Algeria]]'' de [[Farid Bentoumi]] : Stéphane * 2016 : ''[[Hibou (film)|Hibou]]'' de [[Ramzy Bedia]] : benevol * 2016 : ''[[Cigarettes et Chocolat chaud]]'' de [[Sophie Reine]] : Pierrot * 2017 : ''[[L'Embarras du choix]] de [[Éric Lavaine]] : Gilles * [[2018]] : ''[[La Surface de réparation]]'' de [[Christophe Régin]] : Franck * 2018 : ''[[Taxi 5]]'' de Franck Gastambide : Sylvain Marot * 2018 : ''[[Le Flic de Belleville]]'' de [[Rachid Bouchareb]] : Roland * [[2019]] : ''[[Damien veut changer le monde]]'' de [[Xavier de Choudens]] : Damien * 2019 : ''[[Docteur ?]]'' de [[Tristan Séguéla]] : Grisoni * [[2022]] : ''[[Sans répit]]'' de [[Régis Blondeau]] : Thomas Blin * [[2023]] : ''[[Astérix et Obélix : L'Empire du Milieu]]'' de [[Guillaume Canet]] : Barbe-Rouge === Televizyon === * [[2009]]-[[2011]] : ''[[Kaïra Shopping]]'' de Franck Gastambide (seri TV) * [[2013]] : ''[[Le Débarquement]]'', émission a eskètch * [[2018]]-[[2019]] : ''[[Rendez-vous en terre inconnue]]'', tournage en septanm 2018 chez le peuple Van Gujjar, diffusion 19 mas 2019}} sou France 2<ref>{{cite news |auteur1=François Rousseaux |title=Franck Gastambide de retour de «terre inconnue» |publisher=Le Parisien |date=2 oktòb 2018|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/franck-gastambide-de-retour-de-terre-inconnue-02-10-2018-7908609.php |accessdate=4 out 2020}}</ref>. Rediffusion le jeudi 25 février 2021 * [[2020]]-[[2021]] : ''[[Validé]]'' (seri [[Canal+]]) de Franck Gastambide : DJ SNO == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4151736 Franck Gastambide] sou IMDb {{DEFAULTSORT:Gastambide, Franck}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè franse]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1978]] ghyst965b9y9g17w1axg6rl2c5xbrzv 867941 867940 2025-05-31T20:01:05Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Korije yon fòt òtograf 867941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Franck Gastambide |foto=Franck_Gastambide_Cannes_2018.jpg |tèks=Franck Gastambide (2018) |fonksyon=aktè, pwodiktè, reyalizatè |domèn=sinema, televizyon |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[31 oktòb]] [[1978]] |lye nesans=[[Melun]] |peyi nesans=[[Frans]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite=franse |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Franck Gastambide''', ki fèt [[31 oktòb]] [[1978]] nan [[Melun]] ([[Frans]]), se yon [[aktè]], [[pwodiktè sinema|pwodiktè]], [[reyalizatè]] ak [[senaris]] [[Frans|franse]]. == Biyografi == Depi 2018 li se menaj [[Sabrina Ouazani]].<ref>{{fr}} {{cite web |url=https://www.parismatch.com/People/Franck-Gastambide-et-Sabrina-Ouazani-les-amoureux-du-Festival-de-l-Alpe-d-Huez-1600077 |title=Franck Gastambide et Sabrina Ouazani, les amoureux du Festival de l'Alpe d'Huez |author= |publisher= |website=parismatch.com |date= |access-date=27 me 2020}}</ref> == Zèv li yo == === Sinema === * [[2010]] : ''[[Il reste du jambon ?]]'' d'[[Anne Depétrini]] : youn nan 3 Swis * [[2011]] : ''[[De force]]'' de [[Frank Henry (écrivain)|Frank Henry]] : kaskèt Nike * 2011 : ''[[De l'huile sur le feu]]'' de [[Nicolas Benamou]] : yon fanatik * [[2012]] : ''[[Les Kaïra]]'' de Franck Gastambide : Mousten * [[2013]] : ''[[Vive la France (fim, 2013)|Vive la France]]'' de [[Michaël Youn]] : Kévin, machann zam * [[2014]] : ''[[Les Gazelles (fim)|Les Gazelles]]'' de [[Mona Achache]] : Éric * [[2015]] : ''[[Toute première fois (fim)|Toute première fois]]'' de [[Maxime Govare]] ak [[Noémie Saglio]] : Charles * 2015 : ''[[Made in France (fim)|Made in France]]'' de [[Nicolas Boukhrief]] : Dubreuil * 2015 : ''[[Enragés (fim, 2015)|Enragés]]'' d'[[Éric Hannezo]] : Manu * [[2016]] : ''[[Pattaya (film)|Pattaya]]'' de Franck Gastambide : Francky * 2016 : ''[[Good Luck Algeria]]'' de [[Farid Bentoumi]] : Stéphane * 2016 : ''[[Hibou (film)|Hibou]]'' de [[Ramzy Bedia]] : benevol * 2016 : ''[[Cigarettes et Chocolat chaud]]'' de [[Sophie Reine]] : Pierrot * 2017 : ''[[L'Embarras du choix]] de [[Éric Lavaine]] : Gilles * [[2018]] : ''[[La Surface de réparation]]'' de [[Christophe Régin]] : Franck * 2018 : ''[[Taxi 5]]'' de Franck Gastambide : Sylvain Marot * 2018 : ''[[Le Flic de Belleville]]'' de [[Rachid Bouchareb]] : Roland * [[2019]] : ''[[Damien veut changer le monde]]'' de [[Xavier de Choudens]] : Damien * 2019 : ''[[Docteur ?]]'' de [[Tristan Séguéla]] : Grisoni * [[2022]] : ''[[Sans répit]]'' de [[Régis Blondeau]] : Thomas Blin * [[2023]] : ''[[Astérix et Obélix : L'Empire du Milieu]]'' de [[Guillaume Canet]] : Barbe-Rouge === Televizyon === * [[2009]]-[[2011]] : ''[[Kaïra Shopping]]'' de Franck Gastambide (seri TV) * [[2013]] : ''[[Le Débarquement]]'', émission a eskètch * [[2018]]-[[2019]] : ''[[Rendez-vous en terre inconnue]]'', tournage en septanm 2018 chez le peuple Van Gujjar, diffusion 19 mas 2019}} sou France 2<ref>{{cite news |auteur1=François Rousseaux |title=Franck Gastambide de retour de «terre inconnue» |publisher=Le Parisien |date=2 oktòb 2018|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/franck-gastambide-de-retour-de-terre-inconnue-02-10-2018-7908609.php |accessdate=4 out 2020}}</ref>. Rediffusion le jeudi 25 février 2021 * [[2020]]-[[2021]] : ''[[Validé]]'' (seri [[Canal+]]) de Franck Gastambide : DJ SNO == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4151736 Franck Gastambide] sou IMDb {{DEFAULTSORT:Gastambide, Franck}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè franse]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1978]] aojj8fni043rs4xdpd8n6tk2mpjw3oy 0 81876 867944 812187 2025-05-31T20:06:57Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Ajoute yon imaj 867944 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''WALL-E''''' se yon [[sinema ameriken|fim animasyon ameriken]] reyalize pa [[Andrew Stanton]] ak soti an [[2008]]. [[File:WALL-E balloon at Shin Kong Cineplex 20080725a (cropped).jpg|WALL-E_balloon_at_Shin_Kong_Cineplex_20080725a_(cropped)]] Balon Wall-E, pèsonaj prensipal la fim la == Rezime == == Ekip teknik == * Tit orijinal : ''WALL-E'' * Tit franse : ''WALL-E'' * Reyalizatè : [[Andrew Stanton]] * Senaryo : Andrew Stanton, [[Jim Reardon]] * Pwodiktè : Jim Morris * Mizik : [[Thomas Newman]] * Konpayi pwodiksyon : Pixar Animation Studios * Konpayi distribisyon : Walt Disney Pictures * Peyi orijin : [[Etazini]] * Lang orijinal : [[lang angle|angle]] * Jan : dram * Fòma : Koulè * Dire : 98 minit * Sòti : [[Etazini]] : 27 jen 2008 ; [[Frans]] : 30 jiyè 2008 == Aktè == === Vwa orijinal === * [[Ben Burtt]] kòm WALL-E<ref name="BurttEcrans">{{fr}} {{cite web |url=http://www.liberation.fr/culture/342049.FR.php |title=On donne à ces robots nos propres personnalités |author=Sébastien Delahaye |publisher=Libération |website=liberation.fr |date=30 jiyè 2008 |access-date= |archive-date=2008-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080904120116/http://www.liberation.fr/culture/342049.FR.php |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * Elissa Knight : EVE * [[Jeff Garlin]] kòm Kapitèn B. McCrea * [[Fred Willard]] kòm Shelby Forthright, Prezidan BnL * [[MacInTalk]] kòm Auto * [[John Ratzenberger]] kòm John * [[Kathy Najimy]] kòm Mary * [[Sigourney Weaver]] kòm Òdinatè == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0910970/ ''WALL-E''] sou IMDb [[Kategori:2008]] [[Kategori:Sinema]] [[Kategori:Fim]] [[Kategori:Fim ameriken]] g763xwg110r1uv8gaye4fjonurwp8vk 0 81937 867942 807637 2025-05-31T20:04:18Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Ajoute yon imaj 867942 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Shrek 2''''' se yon [[sinema ameriken|fim animasyon ameriken]] reyalize pa [[Andrew Adamson]], [[Kelly Asbury]] ak [[Conrad Vernon]] ak soti an [[2004]]. [[File:Shrek & Fiona like their subjects (cropped).jpg|Shrek_&_Fiona_like_their_subjects_(cropped)]] Shrek, pèsonaj prensipal la film la == Rezime == == Ekip teknik == * Tit orijinal : ''Shrek 2'' * Tit franse : ''Shrek 2'' * Reyalizatè : [[Andrew Adamson]], [[Kelly Asbury]], [[Conrad Vernon]] * Peyi orijin : [[Etazini]] * Lang orijinal : [[lang angle|angle]] * Jan : komedi * fòma : Koulè * Dire : 93 minit == Aktè == === Vwa orijinal === * [[Mike Myers]] kòm Shrek * [[Eddie Murphy]] kòm L'Âne * [[Cameron Diaz]] kòm prensès Fiona * [[Julie Andrews]] kòm Lillian * [[Antonio Banderas]] kòm Le Chat potté * [[John Cleese]] kòm Harold * [[Rupert Everett]] kòm prens Chaman * [[Jennifer Saunders]] kòm Marèn * [[Larry King]] kòm Doris * [[Aron Warner]] kòm gran mechan lou * [[Conrad Vernon]] kòm Tibiscuit * [[Cody Cameron]] kòm Pinocchio / les Trois Petits Cochons * [[David P. Smith]] kòm Herald * [[Christopher Knights]] kòm Sourit avèg * [[Kelly Asbury]] kòm chasè / èlf * [[Mark Moseley]] kòm miwa majik * [[Kelly Cooney]] kòm machann nan Fast-Food * [[Wendy Bilanski]] kòm grenouiy nan ba * [[Guillaume Aretos]] kòm resèpsyonis * [[Latifa Ouaou]] kòm Doll / Jill * [[Alina Phelan]] kòm yon jenn / fanm nan jenerik la * [[Erika Thomas]] kòm yon jenn (2) * [[Joan Rivers]] kòm li menm * [[Andrew Adamson]] kòm chèf nan gad == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0298148/ ''Shrek 2''] sou IMDb [[Kategori:2004]] [[Kategori:Sinema]] [[Kategori:Fim]] [[Kategori:Fim ameriken]] jgoe2m0humw0rr02a6o7g6qcbjk8ki3 867943 867942 2025-05-31T20:04:36Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Korije yon fòt òtograf 867943 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Shrek 2''''' se yon [[sinema ameriken|fim animasyon ameriken]] reyalize pa [[Andrew Adamson]], [[Kelly Asbury]] ak [[Conrad Vernon]] ak soti an [[2004]]. [[File:Shrek & Fiona like their subjects (cropped).jpg|Shrek_&_Fiona_like_their_subjects_(cropped)]] Shrek, pèsonaj prensipal la fim la == Rezime == == Ekip teknik == * Tit orijinal : ''Shrek 2'' * Tit franse : ''Shrek 2'' * Reyalizatè : [[Andrew Adamson]], [[Kelly Asbury]], [[Conrad Vernon]] * Peyi orijin : [[Etazini]] * Lang orijinal : [[lang angle|angle]] * Jan : komedi * fòma : Koulè * Dire : 93 minit == Aktè == === Vwa orijinal === * [[Mike Myers]] kòm Shrek * [[Eddie Murphy]] kòm L'Âne * [[Cameron Diaz]] kòm prensès Fiona * [[Julie Andrews]] kòm Lillian * [[Antonio Banderas]] kòm Le Chat potté * [[John Cleese]] kòm Harold * [[Rupert Everett]] kòm prens Chaman * [[Jennifer Saunders]] kòm Marèn * [[Larry King]] kòm Doris * [[Aron Warner]] kòm gran mechan lou * [[Conrad Vernon]] kòm Tibiscuit * [[Cody Cameron]] kòm Pinocchio / les Trois Petits Cochons * [[David P. Smith]] kòm Herald * [[Christopher Knights]] kòm Sourit avèg * [[Kelly Asbury]] kòm chasè / èlf * [[Mark Moseley]] kòm miwa majik * [[Kelly Cooney]] kòm machann nan Fast-Food * [[Wendy Bilanski]] kòm grenouiy nan ba * [[Guillaume Aretos]] kòm resèpsyonis * [[Latifa Ouaou]] kòm Doll / Jill * [[Alina Phelan]] kòm yon jenn / fanm nan jenerik la * [[Erika Thomas]] kòm yon jenn (2) * [[Joan Rivers]] kòm li menm * [[Andrew Adamson]] kòm chèf nan gad == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0298148/ ''Shrek 2''] sou IMDb [[Kategori:2004]] [[Kategori:Sinema]] [[Kategori:Fim]] [[Kategori:Fim ameriken]] har3hphmsngob1gl225xof1nlzpxzbu 0 85240 867934 804514 2025-05-31T08:23:08Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Rachel Carson |foto=Rachel-Carson.jpg |tèks=Rachel Carson |fonksyon=biyolojis, militant |domèn=biyoloji |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[27 me]] [[1907]] |lye nesans=[[Pittsburgh, Pennsilvani|Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsilvani]] |peyi nesans=[[Etazini]] |dat lanmò=[[14 avril]] [[1964]] |lye lanmò=[[Silver Spring, Merilann|Silver Spring]], [[Merilann]] |peyi lanmò=[[Etazini]] |nasyonalite=ameriken |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Rachel Louise Carson''', ki fèt [[27 me]] [[1907]] nan [[Pittsburgh, Pennsilvani|Pittsburgh]] nan eta [[Pennsilvani]] ([[Etazini]]) epi ki mouri [[14 avril]] [[1964]] nan [[Silver Spring, Merilann|Silver Spring]] nan eta [[Merilann]] ([[Etazini]]), se yon [[Biyoloji marin|biyologis marin]] ak militant [[Ekoloji politik|ekolojis]] [[Etazini|amerikèn]]. == Biyografi == Li popilè paske li te pibliye liv la ''[[Silent Spring]]'' an 1962, ki te akize sèten pestisid yo te danjere pou zwazo ak pou moun3. Rachel Carson te temwaye devan Kongrè a apre piblikasyon liv li a. Sa a ta ede lanse mouvman ekolojis la nan mond lan. Li te gen yon enfliyans trè fò nan peyi [[Etazini]], kote li te pouse ofisyèl eli yo tabli nouvo lwa sou otorizasyon nan [[pestisid]]. == Zèv li yo == * ''Under the Sea Wind'', 1941, Simon & Schuster, Penguin Group, 1996 {{ISBN|0-14-025380-7}} ** ''La Vie de l'Océan'', 1952, Amiot-Dumont, koleksyon Bibliothèque de la mer, tradui pa Pierre de Lanu * ''The Sea Around Us'', 1951, Oxford University Press, 1991 {{ISBN|0-19-506997-8}} ** ''Cette mer qui nous entoure'', 1952, Stock - Delamain et Boutelleau, koleksyon Les Livres de nature illustrés, trad. Collin Delavau ** ''La Mer autour de nous'', 2012, [[éditions Wildproject]], koleksyon Domaine sauvage, trad. Collin Delavaud * ''The Edge of the Sea'', 1955, Mariner Books, 1998 {{ISBN|0-395-92496-0}} ** ''Là où finit la mer : le rivage et ses merveilles'', 1957, Amiot-Dumont, koleksyon Bibliothèque de la mer, trad. Anne de Cambias ** ''Les Merveilles de la mer et de ses rivages'', sans date, Éditions A.D.L. ([[Pari]]), koleksyon Les riches heures ; rééd. en un seul volume de ''La Vie de l'Océan'' (trad. Pierre de Lanux) et de ''Là où finit la mer'' (trad. Anne de Cambiasy) * ''[[Silent Spring]]'', Boston, edisyon Houghton Mifflin, 1962;Mariner Books, 2002, 378 paj {{ISBN|0-618-24906-0}} ** ''Printemps silencieux'', 1963, [[Plon]] (Pari), trad. Jean-François Gravrand ** ''Printemps silencieux'', 2009, éditions Wildproject, koleksyon Domaine sauvage, trad. Jean-François Gravrand et Baptiste Lanaspeze * ''The Sense of Wonder'', 1965, HarperCollins, 1998 {{ISBN|0-06-757520-X}} * ''Lost Woods: The Discovered Writing of Rachel Carson'', Beacon Press, 1998 {{ISBN|0-8070-8547-2}} == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1104827 Rachel Carson] sou IMDb * [http://www.rachelcarson.org/ Sitwèb ofisyèl Rachel Carson] * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/creator/260724 Rachel Carson] sou biodiversitylibrary.org {{DEFAULTSORT:Carson, Rachel}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Biyoloji]] [[Kategori:Biyolojis]] [[Kategori:Biyolojis ameriken]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1907]] [[Kategori:Lanmò 1964]] perl6e3cvcv8qwqe3l74xxianqprg3f 0 87085 867950 838712 2025-06-01T04:45:00Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867950 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File: Suffragette arrest, London, 1914.jpg|thumb|alt=Yon fanm anba arestasyon k ap mache ant de polisye |Arrestation d'une [[suffragette]] (London, 1914).]] '''Sèksis''' se yon atitid diskriminatwa ki baze sou [[sèks]]<ref>{{Web link |langue=fr |titre=sexisme |url=http://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/french/sexisme/72461? q=sexisme#71652 |sit=Dictionnaire de français Larousse |konsilte nan=2020-04-21}}.</ref>, oswa, pa ekstansyon, sou [[Jan (syans sosyal)| sèks]] yon moun. Sèks la lye ak [[prejije]] yo ak konsèp nan [[Stereotype#Gender stereotypes|estereyotip]] ak [[wòl sèks]], ki ka gen ladan kwayans ke yon sèks oswa sèks intrinsèqueman siperyè pase lòt la<ref name=witt>{{Ouvrage |langue=en |prénom1=Jon |nom1=Witt |titre=SOC 2018 |année=2017 |pages totales=480 |isbn=978-1-259-70272-3 |isbn2=1-259-70272-3 |oclc=968304061}}.</ref>. Nan fòm ekstrèm li, li ka ankouraje [[asèlman seksyèl]], [[vyòl]] oswa nenpòt lòt fòm [[Agresyon seksyèl|vyolans seksyèl]]<ref>{{Atik |lang=en |prenon1=Gerald D .|name1=Robin|title=Kayòl Fòs|periodical=Krim ak Delenkans|volume=23|number=2|date=1977-04|issn=0011-1287|issn2=1552-387X|doi=10.1177/0771052802020| online=https://doi.org/10.1177/001112877702300205|accessed=2018-11-15|pages=136–153}}.</ref>. Sèksism evoke diskriminasyon sèks tou sou fòm [[inegalite sèks yo]]<ref>{{Liv |language=en |premye non1=Macklem, Timothy, |non1=1951- |title=Beyond comparison |sub- title=sèks ak diskriminasyon |piblikatè=[[Cambridge University Press]] |ane=2003 |isbn=0-511-06262-1 |isbn2=9780511062629 |isbn3=9781139165242 |oclc=57253748}}.</ref>. Objektif sèksis yo se sitou fanm {{nòt|name=consensus}}. Tèm sèksis la adrese pa diferan disiplin tankou analiz medya, [[sosyoloji]], [[syans politik]], [[sikoloji]] oswa [[filozofi]]. == Definisyon ak etimoloji == Dapre bibliyotekè {{link|lang=en|Fred R. Shapiro}}, tèm "seksis" te gen plis chans envante nan {{dat-|18 novanm 1965}} pa Pauline M. Leet pandan yon "''{{lang|en|Foròm Elèv-Fakilte}}'' » nan {{link|Franklin and Marshall College}}<ref name=":1">{{Web link|langue=en|title=Feminis Vandredi: Orijin yo nan mo sèksism la.|url=https://finallyfeminism101.wordpress.com/2007/10/19/feminism-friday-the-origins-of-the-word-sexism/|site=Finallyfeminism101.wordpress.com|date =10/19/2007.|accessed=06/20/2013.}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Liv |langu=nan |otè1=Daniel J. Siegel |tit=The Wise legacy |subtitle=kijan yon pwofesè transfòme yon nasyon |ane=2015 |total paj=250 |isbn=978-1-5076-2559-0 |isbn2=1507625596 |oclc=905016569}}</ref>. Plis espesifikman, tèm sèksism parèt pandan kontribisyon Pauline M. Leet ki gen tit {{citation|Women and the Undergraduate}}. Li defini li an konparezon ak [[rasis]], li tabli ke: {{foreign quote|language=en|Lè w diskite […] ke piske mwens fanm ekri bon pwezi sa jistifye esklizyon total yo, w ap pran yon pozisyon ki sanble ak rasis la—mwen ta ka rele w nan ka sa a yon 'sexist'... Tou de rasis la ak seksis la ap aji kòmsi tout sa ki te rive pa t janm rive, epi tou de nan yo ap pran desizyon ak rive nan konklizyon sou valè yon moun. an referans a faktè ki nan toulède ka yo pa enpòtan<ref name=":1" />.}} Yo te tradui diskou sa a an franse anba tit ''Sexisme, le mot pour le dire!''<ref>{{Lyen entènèt |langue=fr|title=Sèksism, mo pou di l|url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb44459559z|site=catalogue.bnf.fr|date=2015|consulted le=2018 -11-15}}.</ref>. Dapre menm sous la, premye fwa ke tèm "sèksis" parèt alekri se nan diskou {{Lien|trad=Caroline Bird (otè Ameriken)|fr=Caroline Bird}} "''{{ lang|en |On Being Born Female}}'', pibliye {{date-|15 novanm 1968}} nan ''{{lang|en|Diskou Vital Jounen an}}''<ref name=": 1" />. Nan diskou sa a, li afime ke gen rekonesans aletranje ke [[Etazini]] se yon peyi nan plizyè fason sèksis. Sèks se jije moun selon sèks yo menm lè sèks pa enpòtan. Yo panse sèksis rime ak rasis{{nòt|group=note|{{sitasyon etranje|language=en|Genyen rekonesans aletranje ke nou se yon peyi sèksis nan plizyè fason. Sèks se jije moun selon sèks yo lè sèks pa gen pwoblèm. Sèksism gen entansyon pou rime ak rasis<ref name=":1" />.}}}}{{,}}<ref name=":1" />. Lè sa a, mo a parèt pou premye fwa nan yon diksyonè Ameriken an 1972 (''{{link|The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language}}'')<ref>Shapiro, F. R. (1985). Nòt istorik sou vokabilè mouvman fanm yo. American Speech, 60(1), 3-16|[ https://www.jstor.org/stable/454643 abstract].</ref>. === Definisyon === Yo ka defini sèksis kòm aderans ak kwayans diskriminatwa oswa danjere ki baze sou sèks oswa sèks<ref name="CSS">{{atik|language=en|author1=Bernadette Campbell|author2=Glenn Schellenberg|author3= Charlene Senn|title=Evalyasyon mezi sèksis kontanporen|peryodik=Sikoloji fanm Trimestre|volim=21|ane=1997|paj=89-102}}.</ref>. Li kapab tou konsidere kòm kouvri atitid, kwayans ak konpòtman ki sipòte inegalite ant estati fanm ak gason. Kwayans sa yo ka estriktire sou fòm yon [[ideyoloji]] ki lejitimize wòl yo tradisyonèlman asiyen selon sèks<ref name="CSS" />{{,}}<ref>{{Liv |language=en | firstname1= Janet |lastname1=Naje |prennon2=Bernadette |lastname2=Campbell |tit=Sèksism |subtitle=Atitid, kwayans, ak konpòtman |piblikatè=Blackwell Publishers |ane=2001 |li sou entènèt=http://portal.adwia.com/Courses/Knowlege/mind/Intergroup%20Processes.pdf#page=228 |format=pdf |kase sou=01/27/2021 }}.</ref>. Ideyoloji sa a sèvi kòm baz pou [[Patriyaka (syoloji)|patriyachi]]<ref>{{Chapit |lang=fr |non1=Anne |non1=Clerval |non2=Christine |non2=Delphy |titre chapitre =Feminis materyalis , yon analiz de patriyachi kòm yon sistèm dominasyon otonòm |tit travay=Espas ak relasyon dominasyon |piblikatè=Presses universitaire de Rennes |koleksyon=Jeyografi sosyal |dat=2019-01-29 |isbn=978-2 -7535-6398- 8 |li sou entènèt=http://books.openedition.org/pur/59381 |accessed on=2021-01-27 |passage=217–229}}.</ref>. Sosyoloji te egzamine seksis kòm yon manifestasyon ni nan nivo endividyèl ni nan nivo [[Apwòch sistemik |enstitisyonèl]].<ref name=":3">{{Ouvrage|langue=en|prénom1=Schaefer, Richard|nom1=T.|titre=Sociology|sous-titre=Z brief introduction|éditeur=McGraw-Hill|année=2009|isbn=978-0-07-340426-4|isbn2=0073404268|isbn3=9780071271738|oclc=243941681}}.</ref>. Yo te fè konparezon ak lòt sistèm ideyolojik diskriminasyon k ap aji nan menm nivo, tankou rasis<ref>{{Liv |lang=nan |ti non1=Hughes |premye1=Michael D. |timi2=Kroehler |premye2= Carolyn J. |title=Sosyology|subtitle=nwayo a|piblikatè=McGraw Hill/Higher Education|ane=2009|total paj=576|isbn=978-0-07-340425-7|isbn2=007340425X|oclc=276998849 !-- |pasaj= ? -->}}.</ref>{{refinc|date=janvye 2021}}. Dapre Schaefer, tout òganizasyon sosyal ki pi komen<ref name=":3" /> kontinye kontinye fè sèks. Sosyolojis Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Ida B. Wells ak Harriet Martineau te dekri sistèm ki mennen nan inegalite sèks yo, men san yo pa itilize tèm {{sitasyon etranje|langue=en|sexism}} ki toujou pa t egziste nan fen syèk la. XIX}}. Sosyolojis tankou Talcott Parsons, ki te adopte [[Fonksyonalis (syoloji)|paradig fonksyonalist]], eksplike inegalite sèks yo kòm konsekans natirèl dimòfis modèl sèks<ref name="witt" />. Sikològ Mary Crawford ak Rhoda Unger defini sèksis kòm yon seri prejije moun genyen epi ki anglobe atitid negatif ak jijman sou fanm kòm yon gwoup<ref>{{Ouvrage|prénom1=Crawford, Mary (Mary|nom1=E.)|titre=Women and gender|sous-titre=a feminist psychology|éditeur=McGraw-Hill|année=2004|isbn=0-07-282107-8|isbn2=9780072821079|isbn3=0071216618|oclc=52706293}}</ref>. Peter Glick ak Susan Fiske te envante tèm sèksism anbivalan pou dekri kijan [[estereyotip]] sou fanm yo kapab alafwa pozitif ak negatif epi kijan estereyotip sa yo gide konpòtman endividyèl yo<ref>{{Atik|langue=en|prénom1=Peter|nom1=Glick|prénom2=Susan T.|nom2=Fiske|titre=The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism.|périodique=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|volume=70|numéro=3|date=1996|issn=1939-1315|issn2=0022-3514|doi=10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.491|lire en ligne=https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.491|consulté le=2018-11-15|pages=491–512}}</ref>. Otè feminis [[bell hooks]] defini sèksis kòm yon sistèm diskriminatwa ki lakòz dezavantaj fanm yo<ref>{{ouvraj|language=en|first name1=Hooks, Bell,|styname1=1952-|title=Teyori feminis. |subtitle=soti nan maj rive nan sant|piblikatè=Pluto|ane=2000|isbn=0-7453-1664-6|isbn2=9780745316642|isbn3=9780745316635|oclc=45502856}}</ref> Filozòf la ak [[Feminis radikal|feminis radikal]] [[Marilyn Frye]] defini sèksis kòm {{sitasyon etranje|lang=en|yon konplèks atitid-konsèptif-kognitif-oryantasyon}} nan sipremasi gason, chovinis gason ak mizojini. <ref>{{Liv|lang=en|premye1=Frye,|ti non1=Marilyn.|title=Politik reyalite a|subtitle=esè nan teyori feminis|ane=1983|total paj=176|isbn= 978- 0-89594-099-5|isbn2=0-89594-099-X|oclc=9323470}}</ref>. Gen konsansis akademik ke sèksis prensipalman afekteent fanm{{nòt|name=consensus|text=Gen yon gwo konsansis nan domèn etid akademik ki etidye sèksis ke fenomèn sa a esansyèlman dekri diskriminasyon kont [[fanm]], ke 'li afekte sitou<ref>{{atik ansiklopedik |ansiklopedi=New Oxford American Dictionary |tit=Sèksism |nimewo pwoblèm=3 |ane=2010 |peryodik=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780199891535}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{ atik ansiklopedik|tit=Sèksism|ansiklopedi=Encyclopedia Britannica, Online Academic Edition |ane=2015}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{atik ansiklopedi |ti non1=Cudd|premye non1=Ann E.| siyati2=Jones|non2=Leslie E.|tit=Sèksism |ansiklopedi=A Companion to Applied Ethics |ane=2005 |peryodik=[[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell]] |kote =London}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{atik ansiklopedi|ti non=Masequesmay|premye non=Gina|editè-last=O'Brien|editè-premye=Jodi|tit=Sèksism |ansiklopedi=Ansiklopedi Sèks ak Sosyete |ane= 2008 |periodical=[[SAGE Publishing]]}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{atik ansiklopedi|ti non=Hornsby |premye non=Jennifer|editè-last=Honderich| editè-premye=Ted |tit=Sèksism |ansiklopedi=The Oxford Companion to Philosophy|issue number=2|year=2005|periodical=Oxford University Press}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{ atik ansiklopedi|tit=Sèksism | ansiklopedi=Collins Dictionary of Sociology |ane=2006 |periodik=[[Harper Collins]]}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{atik ansiklopedi|tit=Sèksism |ansiklopedi =Palgrave MacMillan Dictionary of Political Thought |ane=2007 |periodical=Palgrave MacMillan}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{atik ansiklopedi|title=Sèksism |ansiklopedi=The Greenwood Ancyclopedia of Love, Courtship, and Sexuality through History, Volim 6: The Modern World |ane=2007 |peryodik=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood]]}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{atik ansiklopedi|ti non=Foster |prenon =Carly Hayden |editè -last=Kurlan|editè-premye=George Thomas|ansiklopedi=Ansiklopedi syans politik la |tit=Sèksism |ane=2011 |periodik=[[CQ Press]]|isbn=9781608712434}}</ref>{{,}} <ref>{{atik ansiklopedi|ti non=Johnson|prenon=Allan G.|tit=Sèksism |ansiklopedi=Diksyonè Blackwell Sosyoloji |ane=2000 |periodik=Blackwell}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{liv |non=Lorber |prenon=Judith |ane=2011 |tit=Inegalite sèks: teyori feminis ak politik |piblikatè=Oxford University Press |pasaj=5|lang=en}}</ref> {{,}}<ref>{{liv|ti non1=Wortman |prenon1=Camille B. |ti non2=Loftus |premye2=Elizabeth S. |ti non3=Weaver |premye3=Charles A |tit=Sikoloji |publisher=[ [McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill]] |year=1999|language=en}} {{sitasyon etranje|language=en|Kòm atravè listwa, jodi a fanm yo se prensipal viktim sèksis, prejije ki dirije sou yon sèl sèks, menm nan peyi Etazini.}}</ref>.}} {{Relevance detail|Nou ka jwenn eksplikasyon sou {{ki|partikilism sa a}} nan men sosyològ Ostralyen {{Link|langue=en|fr=Michael Flood}} ki afime ke misandri pa t 'kapab ekivalan a misogyny, akòz nan patikilye nan absans kad istorik, lejislatif oswa enstitisyonèl nan dènye a<ref>{{Book|language=en|prenon1=Michael|ti non1=Inondasyon|prenon2=Judith Kargen|ti non2=Gardiner|prenon3= Bob |ti non3=Pease|non4=Keith|ti non4=Pringle|responsablite4=direktè koleksyon|tit=Ansiklopedi Entènasyonal Gason ak Maskilite|kote=New York|editè=[[Routledge]]|ane=2007|paj total =442| isbn=978-0-415-33343-6|li sou entènèt=https://books.google.fr/books?id=EUON2SYps-QC&pg=PA442|chapit title=Misandry}}.</ref>. Se sa David Gilmore fè remake tou<ref name="Gilmore">{{Liv|language=in|premye1=David D.|ti non1=Gilmore|title=Misogyny|subtitle=The Male Malady|editè=[ [ University of Pennsylvania]]|year=2001|total pages=253|passage=12|isbn=0-8122-0032-2|li sou entènèt=https://books.google.fr/books?id=tgbLemlFMpYC&pg= PA12| jwenn aksè nan 26 mas 2013}}.</ref>: absans [[reifikasyon]] ta jistifye absans yon sèl tèm ki defini konsèp<ref name="Gilmore"/>seksism misandrous la. Dapre li, tèm "misandry" a ta dwe yon ekivalan a "mizogini" pou defini rayi moun, men li ta dwe itilize twò souvan pou yo te pafè a [[Lem (lengwistik)|lem]].}} Agiman yo an favè siyifikasyon sa a, sepandan, kesyone, pami lòt moun pa Anthony Synnott, pwofesè nan sosyoloji ki konsakre tèt li nan etid la nan maskilin nan {{s|XXI}} la. Vreman vre, li defini tèm misandri a ki baze sou plizyè nosyon, miyò istwa ak lalwa. Lonje dwèt sou twòp envizibilite nosyon sa a, pandan ke konpòtman ki asosye yo aksepte kiltirèlman, menm nòmalize, li kwè ke misogyny elve misandry<ref name="Synnott">{{atik|language=en|author=Anthony Synnott| title=Poukisa Gen kèk moun ki gen pwoblèm ak gason: misandry|day=6|month=oktob|year=2010|periodical=Psychology Today|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/rethinking-men/201010/why-some-people-have-issues-men-misandry|accessed on=12 fevriye 2015}}</ref>. Li dekri tou travay Nathanson ak Young sou sijè sa a kòm "majò"<ref name="Synnott" />. Ekri yo (yon triloji sou tèm misandry<ref>{{atik|language=en|premye non=Angela|ti non=Upchurch|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1744 - 1617.2007.177_1.x/abstract|title=The Bookshelf - revizyon ''Legalize misandri: Soti nan wont piblik rive nan diskriminasyon sistemik kont gason''|peryodik=Revizyon Tribinal Fanmi|volume=45|number=4|month=Oktòb| ane =2007|pasaj=657–660|accessed on=9 Avril 2013}}.</ref> ekri pa de pwofesè [[syans relijye]] nan [[McGill University]]<ref>{{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20150503161229/http://www.malestudies.org/events.html Dezyèm Konferans Anyèl sou Etid Gason: Looking Forward to Solutions] - Fondasyon pou Etid Gason an, 2011 (gade achiv)</ref>) efektivman eksprime lide ke misandry ta dwe pwodwi dirèk nan dezi a favorize pwen de vi a Rezèv tanpon fanm<ref>{{Liv|premye non1=Paul|ti non1=Nathanson|prenon2=Katherine K.|ti non2=Jeune|tit=Simaye misandri: Ansèyman Mepri pou Gason nan Kilti Popilè|editè=[[McGill University]]/[[Queen's University|Queen's University]]|ane=2001}}</ref>. Sa a ta mennen nan yon bès nan entèraksyon ant gason ak fanm nan domèn sosyal la, ki ta vin nòmal la<ref>{{en}} [http://mqup.typepad.com/mcgill_queens_university_/ paul_nathanson_and_katherin_k_young_legalizing_misandry/ index.html Kont kouran gason an - revizyon ''Legalize Misandry''] - Jean Bethke Elshtain, ''[[The Times Literary Supplement]]'', 30 mas 2007.</ref>. Gen moun ki konte sou ekriti sa yo pou yo fè konnen nan fen {{s|XX}} yo, sosyete a te transfòme, e li te tounen misandred<ref name="lequebecoislibre1">{{atik|url=http://www.quebecoislibre.org/020302-4.htm|title=Le Mépris des hommes - premye pati: piblisite|otè=Gilles Guénette|jou=2|mwa=Mas|ane=2002|périodique=Le Québécois libre| number=99}}</ref>, patikilyèman nan domèn piblisite ak sinema/televizyon<ref name="Knight">{{web link|language=en|author=Leslie Knight|url=https:// www.forbes.com/2011/04 /26/enough-with-the-male-bashing.html|title=Enough With The Male-Bashing|sit=[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]|date=26 avril 2011}}</ref>. Kidonk, vizyon fanm antanke viktim vyolans seksyèl (patikilyèman nan sinema) ta pi mal pase mizojin<ref name="lequebecoislibre2">{{atik|url=http://www.quebecoislibre.org/020316-4.htm-|title=Mepri Gason yo - dezyèm pati: sinema|otè=Gilles Guénette|jou=16|mwa=Mas|ane=2002|peryodik=Le Québécois libre|number=100}}</ref> . Ekri sa yo te enfliyanse tou yon relikti wòl gason te jwe nan fiksyon<ref>{{Liv|lang=en|prenon1=Anthony|ti non1=Synnott|tit=Re-Thinking Men|subtitle=Ewo, Mechan ak Viktim|piblikatè=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|ane=2009|total paj=297|pasaj= 135-167|li sou entènèt=https://books.google.fr/books?id=zcuHqmQ5jNAC|chapit number=4}}.</ref>. === Nosyon ki sanble === [[Mizojini]] se ostilite anvè fi, alòske [[misandri]] se ostilite anvè gason. Tèm "[[machismo]]" la refere a ideyoloji ki defann dominasyon gason sou fanm<ref>{{CNRTL|machisme}}.</ref>. Malgre ke li pa gen yon non espesifik, kontrepati fanm nan machis enskri sipremasi fanm yo sou gason ak vize kreye yon sosyete ki reflete siperyorite sa a<ref>{{web link |title=Nan mond lan etranj mouvman pou sipremasi fanm yo. |url=https://www.vice.com/fr_ca/article/xy7x77/dans-le-monde-etrange-du-mouvement-pour-la-suprematie-des-femmes |site=[[Vice (magazine)| Vis]] |accessed on=22-09-2020}}.</ref>. Yon patipri sèks (tèm lè l sèvi avèk metafò mo [[Bias (statistik)|patipri]], nosyon prete nan syans statistik pou deziyen yon anomali sistematik) {{Sitasyon|pèmèt nou montre repetisyon yon fenomèn ki mennen nan inegalite oswa yon diferansyasyon lye ak sèks}}. Li souvan konsidere kòm kantite, men gen anpil chans pou reflete diskriminasyon enstitisyonèl<ref>{{Liv |langue=fr |premye1=Arthur|ti non1=Vuattoux |title=Adolesans anba kontwòl |subtitle=sèks, ras, klas ak laj nan tribinal pou timoun |piblikatè=Presses de Sciences Po |dat=2021-02-04 |isbn=978-2-7246-2697-1 |li sou entènèt=https://books.google.fr/books? id=aVUXEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT66&dq = |accessed on=2023-12-09 |chapit title=Diferans ki kalifye nan tretman an. Jistis pèsonalize, patipri sèks oswa diskriminasyon enstitisyonèl?}}</ref> == Orijin sèksism == Konsèp sèksis te devlope nan fen ane 1960 yo pa [[dezyèm vag feminis la]]. Se te yon kesyon de kontablite pou espesifik nan relasyon an nan dominasyon egzèse sou fanm yo. Se pandan peryòd sa a ke konsèp [[Patriyachi (syoloji)|patriyachi a] te refòmile, sa a nan sèksis te devlope epi yo te mete aksan sou [[Lavi prive|esfè prive]] kòm yon plas privilejye nan dominasyon gason: la. “Prive se politik”<ref>{{link|Carol Hanisch}}, ''Pèsonèl la se politik'', nan ''Nòt ki soti nan Dezyèm Ane a: Liberasyon Fanm nan 1970'', [[Kate Millett]] nan ''[[The Politics of the Male]]'', 1970. Yon fòmilasyon literalman tradui soti nan angle, "pèsonèl la se politik", pa mete aksan sou divizyon ki genyen ant prive ak piblik la.</ref>. === Wòl sèks === ==== Apwòch sikoloji evolisyonè ==== Dapre {{'}}''[[Encyclopædia Universalis]]'', sikoloji evolisyonè se yon oryantasyon ak yon lekòl panse ki mete aksan sou, nan eksplikasyon lespri ak konpòtman imen an, adaptasyon ki te etabli nan tan pre-istorik pa seleksyon natirèl, epi ki jodi a konstitye baz jenetikman enskri nan nati imen<ref>{{Web link|language=fr|title=EVOLUTIONIST SSYCHOLOGY|url=https:// www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/psychologie-evolutionniste/|site=Encyclopædia Universalis |accessed on=2018-07-24}}</ref>. Apwòch sa a, kontrèman ak apwòch esansyèlis la, pa globalize. Li pa pretann eksplike "nati" moun nan ki baze sou sèks yo. Olye de sa, li ap chèche bay yon eksplikasyon evolisyonè pou prezans ranfòse sèten karakteristik depann sou sèks. Nan sa a, li opoze lide [[Tabula rasa (filozofi)|tabula rasa]] souvan defann nan sosyoloji konstriktif. Pa egzanp, orijin byolojik lyen sosyal/fi ak mekanik/gason defann nan sikoloji evolisyonè<ref>{{Article|language=en|author1=Jennifer Connellan, Simon Baron-Cohen, Sally Wheelwright, Anna Batki, Jag. Ahluwalia|title=Diferans nan sèks nan pèsepsyon sosyal neonatal imen|periodical=Elsevier Science|date=2000|li sou entènèt=https://www.math.kth.se/matstat/gru/5b1501/F/sex. pdf}}< /ref>. ==== Apwòch esansyèl ==== {{Quote|[[Essentialism]] se tandans pou wè manm nan menm kategori (pa egzanp, tout gason ak tout fanm) kòm yon karakteristik pwofon, ki pa chanje ki detèmine ki moun yo ye}}< ref name="AB">{{ Liv|lang=en|prenon1=Laurie A.|ti non1=Rudman|tit=The Social Psychology of Gender|subtitle=Kijan pouvwa ak entimite fòm relasyon sèks|piblikatè=Guilford Press| ane=2010|total paj=386} }.</ref>. Pou sipòtè esansyèlis yo, diferans ki genyen ant gason ak fanm (si nan fason yo panse, santi oswa menm aji) se poutèt sa byolojik fiks ak imuiabl. Li se diferans byolojik yo ki ta detèmine diferans sikolojik yo. Dominasyon gason ta ka eksplike pa yon siperyorite nannan (oswa natirèl) nan gason sou "sèks ki jis la", admire men rlege nan travay ti kras enterè (chatter ak tripotay). Gen de rezon pou eksplike popilarite apwòch esansyèl la. Premyèman, [[sèks]] chita sou yon dikotomi eksplisit (jeneralman vizib): youn se swa yon fanm oswa yon gason, ki pa konsa pou lòt kategori sosyal. Soti nan pwen de vi apwòch esansyèl la, fanm ak gason se poutèt sa yo divize byolojikman. Gen yon opozisyon klè ant de sèks yo, ki ka distenge trè fasil, kontrèman ak lòt kategori pou ki fwontyè yo pi flou. Pa egzanp, [[relijyon]] se pa yon kategori trè diferan, yon moun ka chanje relijyon sou tan. Apre sa, karakteristik fizik evidan (ki gen ladan jenital) diferansye gason ak fanm. Pa egzanp, gason yo an mwayèn pi wo ak pi lou pase fanm<ref name="AB"/>. Esansyèlis divize gason ak fanm nan kategori mityèlman eksklizif, epi kidonk ranfòse pèsepsyon de sèks yo kòm byolojik opoze. Nan apwòch esansyèlis la, se lanati ki domine sou kilti<ref name="AB"/>. ==== Apwòch sosyoloji konstriktif ==== Pou defansè [[konstriksyon (sikoloji)|konstriktis]], se sitou kwayans kiltirèl ki nan orijin diferans konpòtman ant de sèks yo<ref name="AB"/>. Kidonk, konstriktif yo te pwopoze plizyè teyori. Nou ka pa egzanp site [[teyori aprantisaj sosyal]], selon ki nouvo konpòtman yo akeri atravè yon pwosesis obsèvasyon: lè nou obsève fason lòt moun konpòte yo (e nan ka espesifik sa a, lòt moun moun ki gen menm sèks). ), nou jwenn nouvo konpòtman menm jan an. Teyori sa a eksplike ke timoun yo dekouvri epi aprann kisa yo ye pou yon gason/fanm nan obsèvasyon moun ki gen menm sèks ak yo<ref name="AB"/>. Yon lòt teyori se "sosyalizasyon sèks". Se yon pwosesis kote timoun yo dekouvri idantite fanm ak gason. Sa a se sitou akòz lefèt ke depi lè yo fèt, timoun yo trete yon fason diferan selon si yo se gason oswa fi. Timoun yo jwe yon wòl aktif nan pwosesis sa a<ref name="AB"/>. Konstriktif yo mete aksan sou fason sosyete a kominike kwayans kiltirèl, tout moun pataje, sou fason gason ak fanm ta dwe konpòte yo. Kwayans kiltirèl sa yo afekte plizyè domèn tankou [[koulè]] yo (egzanp: woz pou ti fi, ble pou ti gason) oswa menm [[pwofesyon (aktivite)|pwofesyon]] (egzanp: doktè pou ti gason, enfimyè pou ti fi). Kwayans kiltirèl sa yo se nan orijin sa nou rele "schémas sèks": chema sa yo gide pèsepsyon moun yo genyen sou tèt yo ak lòt moun (konpòtman yo, preferans yo, elatriye) epi fòme vizyon yo sou mond sosyal la, yo parèt apati. anfans ak pèsiste nan laj granmoun<ref name="AB"/>. Anplis de sa, nou kapab idantifye twa kategori [[aktè]] ki ta jwe yon gwo wòl nan transmisyon kwayans kiltirèl ki enfliyanse timoun yo, sètadi : [[medya]] yo (egzanp [[televizyon]], [[Entènèt ]], elatriye. ), figi otorite (egzanp paran, pwofesè, elatriye) ak kanmarad. Etandone ke aktè sa yo refere a kwayans kiltirèl yo, yo ta endirèkteman jwe yon wòl nan aparans nan [[Stereotype#Gender stereotypes|estereyotip sèks]]<ref name="AB"/>. Konstriktif, atravè yon mekanis pou aprann wòl sosyal, valè, nòm ak atant kiltirèl nan yon sosyete, ka eksplike aparans nan sèten fòm sèksism. === Sèks ak estereyotip sèks === ==== Definisyon ==== Nou kapab defini [[esteryotip]] an jeneral kòm “yon kwayans konsènan karakteristik ki karakterize manm yon gwoup sosyal”<ref name="KL">{{Liv|language=fr|prenon1=Olivier|ti non1= Klein |prenon2=Christophe|ti non2=Leins|tit=Estereyotip, prejije ak diskriminasyon|ane=2013|li sou entènèt=https://www.academia.edu/5951800/St%C3%A9r%C3%A9otypes_pr%C3 %A9jug %C3%A9s_et_discrimination}}</ref>. An patikilye, estereyotip sèks (menm jan ak [[Stereotype#Gender stereotypes|estereyotip sèks]]) lakòz yo atribiye kalite oswa fonksyon diferan nan fanm ak gason<ref name="RG"/>, konsa nye posiblite pou youn oswa lòt la. genyen anpil atribi komen nan tou de sèks. Estereyotip sèks yo tou de deskriptif ak preskriptif. Sou yon bò, eleman deskriptif estereyotip sèks yo konsène atribi ki fòme apati kwayans moun genyen sou ki jan manm yon gwoup ta dwe sanble (egzanp pou fanm: emosyonèl, depandan, pasif, fèb, ki pa konpetitif, ki pa gen konfyans)<ref name="FS"/>. Nan lòt mo, yo kreye atant ki gen rapò ak konpòtman yo ke gason ak fanm gen chans pou yo montre (egzanp: fanm renmen achte soulye)<ref name="RG"/>. Yon lòt bò, eleman preskriptif la konpoze de konpòtman ki apwopriye pou gwoup sib la (egzanp: fanm yo dwe gen bon ladrès entèpèsonèl, yo dwe pasif ak dosil epi yo dwe kolabore ak lòt moun)<ref name="FS "/> . Dimansyon estereyotip sèks sa a mande pou gason ak fanm yo koresponn estrikteman ak sèlman ak wòl ak atribi estereyotip, anba penalite pou yo konsidere yo kòm yon devye nan relasyon ak sèks yo (egzanp: gason yo dwe gen yon travay, yo pa kapab mennaj)<ref name = "RG"/>. Pou yon gwoup ki abònman nan opinyon estereyotip sa a sou sèks, li pi grav pou vyole yon estereyotip preskripsyon olye de yon estereyotip deskriptif (egzanp: yon fanm kay jije pi sevè pa gwoup la pase yon fanm ki pa renmen achte soulye)<ref name = "RG"/>. Tout estereyotip gen ladan eleman deskriptif ak preskripsyon, men estereyotip sèks yo pi preskriptif pase lòt moun. Sa a se akòz lefèt ke moun yo de pli zan pli melanje tou de sèks. Vrèmanvre, lè yo obsève ak kominike avèk lòt moun, yo devlope yon pakèt lide konplèks sou fason manm chak sèks ta dwe konpòte yo<ref name="FS">{{atik|language=en|author1= Susan Fiske|author2=Laura Stevens| title=Ki sa ki espesyal sou sèks? Estereyotip ak diskriminasyon sèks|peryodik=Claremont Symposium on Applied Social Psychology|volume=6|year=1993|pages=173-196|read online=https://books.google.be/books?id=o2UVCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA505&lpg= PA505&d =%22Kisa%27s+konsa+espesyal+sou+sèks?+Seks+stereotip+ak+diskriminasyon%22&source=bl&ots=1mppk7MHlu&sig=L4LGczYJppvXPnPZLfQMVXzYFNE&hl=fr&sa=X&sa=X&ved=0ahQWiHQA_0AHQHQA_0AHQHQA_0AHK7MHlu AC#v=onepage&q=%22Ki sa ki%20so%20espesyal %20about%20sex%3F%20Gender%20stereotyping%20and%20discrimination%22&f=false}}</ref>. ==== Kontni ==== Estereyotip sèks yo ka asosye ak atribi tankou<ref name="RG"/>: * Karakteristik fizik: pou egzanp,gason yo fò ak fanm yo delika; * wòl sosyal: pa egzanp, fanm pran swen timoun yo pandan ke gason yo touche yon salè; * enterè: pou egzanp, fanm renmen al fè makèt ak gason renmen gade espò montre; * metye/okipasyon: pa egzanp, gason se enjenyè, bousye oswa minè alòske fanm se pwofesè, enfimyè oswa madanm marye. Anplis de sa, estereyotip sou gwoup sosyal yo ka apwoche dapre de dimansyon prensipal: "chalè" (èske gwoup la cho, sosyabl, ouvè ak zanmitay?) ak [[konpetans (sikoloji)|konpetans]] (se gwoup la entèlijan, travay di, efikas ak otonòm?). De dimansyon sa yo ka kwaze ak relatif [[estati sosyal]] ant de gwoup ak konpetisyon ki genyen ant yo, sa ki lakòz matris sa a<ref name="KL"/>: {| class="wikitable sant altènasyon" |+ Fiske modèl |- | ! scope="col" | Estati ki ba ! scope="col" | Segondè estati |- ! scope="ranje" | Konpetisyon ki ba = amitye | Emosyon: pitye/konpasyon (pati patènèl); Estereyotip: Enkonpetan men cho | Emosyon: Fyète, admirasyon; Estereyotip: Konpetan ak cho |- ! scope="ranje" | Konpetisyon fò = ennmi | Emosyon: Rayi/Degou (prejije meprize); Estereyotip: Enkonpetan ak frèt | Emosyon: Jalouzi, jalouzi (Prejije jalouzi); Estereyotip: Konpetan men frèt |} Modèl Fiske<ref name=Fiske/> konsantre sou estereyotip an jeneral, men li ka aplike tou nan estereyotip sèks yo. Dapre modèl sa a, pou egzanp, Menager yo wè (estereyotip) kòm trè cho, men yo pa trè konpetan. Moun ki respekte yon vizyon stereotype pral Se poutèt sa "pitye" yo oswa santi konpasyon pou yo. ''A contrario'', toujou dapre modèl Fiske a, gwoup "feminis" yo pral pèsevwa kòm pi konpetan men pi frèt, yo kapab eksite reyaksyon jalouzi nan moun ki respekte estereyotip sèks<ref name=Fiske>{{ atik| language=en|otè1=Susan Fiske|otè2=Amy Cuddy|otè3=Peter Glick|otè4=Jun Xu|tit=Yon modèl (souvan melanje) kontni estereyotip: Konpetans ak chalè respektivman apre sitiyasyon ak konpetisyon yo konnen|periyodik =Journal nan pèsonalite ak sikoloji sosyal |volim=82|nimewo=6|ane=2002|paj=878–902}}</ref>. [[File:Help Win the War on the Kitchen Front Art.IWMPST20697.jpg|vignette|Egzanp yon afich pwopagann ki montre yon estereyotip sèks konsènan fanm.]] Yon lòt bò, teyori [[wol sèks|wòl sosyal]] Alice Eagly ofri yon lòt tipoloji nan kontni estereyotip sèks yo. Vreman vre, Eagly konsidere ke estereyotip sou sèks fi a konsène sa yo rele karakteristik "kominotè" (santre sou relasyon ak emosyon) pandan ke sa yo sou gason yo "ajantik" (ki gen rapò ak endepandans ak otonomi)<ref>{{article|language=fr |otè1=Klein, O.|tit=Lè sikoloji konpare gason ak fanm: Soti nan syans rive nan estereyotip ak vise vèrsa|periodik=Tèks konferans ki bay nan Institute of Hautes Etudes de Belgique|jou=22|mwa=Fevriye|ane =2007|li sou entènèt=http://www.ulb.ac.be/psycho/psysoc/Papers/confhomfem.pdf}}</ref>. Se poutèt sa, nou ka wè estereyotip sèks yo konplemantè<ref name="JK">{{article|language=en|author1=John Tost|author2=Aaron Kay|title=Ekspozisyon ak sèksis byenveyan ak estereyotip sèks konplemantè: Konsekans pou espesifik ak fòm difize jistifikasyon sistèm|periodik=Journal pèsonalite ak sikoloji sosyal|volim=88|nimewo=3|ane=2005|paj=498-509}}</ref>. Vreman vre, fanm yo esansyèlman estereyotip kòm yo sosyabl, cho ak konsantre sou relasyon imen (plis pase gason) pandan y ap estereyotip sou gason yo defini yo kòm konpetan, endepandan ak oryante siksè (plis pase fanm). Nan lòt mo, estereyotip sèks atribiye nan chak gwoup yon seri kalite ke lòt gwoup la pa posede. Anplis de sa, kalite sa yo espesifik pou chak gwoup kontrepozan feblès estereyotip sèks yo atribiye (egzanp yon estereyotip konplemantè: fanm yo cho men yo pa trè konpetan pandan ke gason yo endepandan men yo pa trè sosyabl)<ref name="JK"/> . Yon etid ki te fèt an 1974 epi ki te repete an 2000 nan [[Etazini]] te detèmine adjektif estereyotip ki pi souvan atribiye<ref><nowiki>{{article|language=en |author1=Carol Auster|author2=Susan Ohm |title= Masculinity and Feminity in Contemporary American Society: Yon reevalyasyon lè l sèvi avèk Bem Sèks-Wòl Envantè |periodic=Rol Sèks |volume=43|number=7-8|year=2000|paj=499-528|li sou entènèt=https:// www. researchgate.net/publication/263256027_Masculinity_and_Femininity_in_Contemporary_American_Society_A_Reevaluation_Using_the_Bem_Sex-Role_Inventory/link/57554ebf08ae155a87bf08ae155a87b94e6d/pdf=download} |</nowiki> * gason: dominan, endepandan, anbisye, aji tankou yon lidè, pare pou pran risk, agresif, konpetitif ak atletik; * fi: afeksyon, kè kontan, konpasyon, sansib a bezwen lòt moun, dou, zanmitay ak renmen anvè timoun yo. Etid sa a mete aksan sou diferans ki genyen ant karakteristik kominal (oswa "chalè") nan fanm ak karakteristik ajan (oswa "konpetans") nan gason. ==== Orijin ==== Pwosesis nesans estereyotip sèks yo ka eksplike pa teyori Alice Eagly sou wòl sèks yo. Teyori sa a baze sou de aspè estriktirèl: [[divizyon travay]] ak [[Stratifikasyon sosyal|yerachi sosyal]] ki baze sou sèks. Dapre Eagly, faktè estriktirèl ki baze sou sèks sa yo jenere [[Reprezantasyon sosyal|reprezantasyonpataje sosyalman]] sou gason ak fanm. Pa egzanp, [[edikasyon]] timoun yo mande kalite moun k ap bay swen ak tandrès, pami lòt moun. Sepandan, kòm se fanm ki depi lontan eritye travay sa a atravè gwosès yo, sosyalman yo atann yo aske yo dwe dou epi pran swen moun ki bò kote yo pou yo ranpli [[Wol sèks|wòl yo ]]. Distribisyon sèks sa a nan [[Wòl sèks|wòl sosyal yo]] ta eksplike aparisyon estereyotip sèks yo, men tou diferans ki genyen nan konpòtman ant sèks yo lè li kreye yon reyalite korespondan<nowiki><ref></nowiki>{{Liv|language=fr|premye non1=Serge|name1=Guimond|tit=Sikoloji sosyal|sous-titre=pèspektiv miltikiltirèl|location=Wavre|editè=[[Mardaga (edisyon)|Mardaga]]|ane=2010|total paj=293|isbn=978-2-8047 -0032- 4|li sou entènèt=https://books.google.fr/books?id=ok0MuobcdMEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Psychologie+sociale%2C+perspective+multiculturelle}}</ref>. Vrèmanvre, yo leve moun yo pou yo adopte karakteristik sa yo dikte pa wòl sèks sa yo (egzanp: yo anseye tifi yo dwe cho epi yo jwenn rekonpans lè yo aji nan fason sa a). Apre sa, menm moun sa yo adopte karakteristik yo te anseye yo selon sèks yo, sa ki ogmante entansite yo demontre konpòtman ki koresponn ak wòl sa yo (egzanp: lè fanm vin manman, wòl sosyal yo ankouraje moun yo adopte konpòtman k ap bay swen)< non ref = "RG"/>. Teyori [[wol sèks|wòl sosyal]] Alice Eagly a sipoze ke estereyotip sèks yo soti nan diferans reyèl ant gason ak fanm. Hoffman ak Hurst<ref name="KL"/> te defye "nwayo verite" sa a nan estereyotip sèks yo. Pou rezon eksperyans yo, yo imajine yon [[planèt]] fiktiv ki konpoze de de gwoup: Orinthians yo ak Ackmians yo. Pou mwatye nan matyè yo nan eksperyans la, Orinthians yo travay nan vil la pandan y ap Ackmians yo pran swen timoun yo. Pou lòt mwatye nan matyè yo, pwopòsyon yo ranvèse: Ackmians yo ap travay di ak Orinthians yo pran swen timoun yo. Chak moun nan chak gwoup imajinè te montre karakteristik pèsonalite yo konsènan swa chalè oswa konpetans, konsa chak gwoup te jwenn an jeneral menm rapò chalè a konpetans. Se poutèt sa, karakteristik pèsonalite yo te ekivalan ant de gwoup yo, se sèlman wòl sosyal yo diferan. Pa te gen okenn diferans reyèl ant Orinthians yo ak Ackmians yo, "kernel la verite" pa t 'prezan lè sa a. Sepandan, sijè yo nan eksperyans la atribiye plis chalè nan gwoup la pran swen timoun yo ak plis konpetans nan travayè yo menm si gwoup yo te konstwi yo dwe ekivalan sou de dimansyon sa yo. Nan lòt mo, patisipan yo estereyotip gwoup yo menm si pa te gen okenn diferans pèsonalite ant Orinthians yo ak Ackmians yo. Hoffman ak Hurst te konkli ke estereyotip sèks yo se rezilta yon enferans ki fè pa moun: yo ede yo eksplike, oswa menm jistifye, fason nan ki anviwònman sosyal la estriktire<ref name="KL" />. ==== Kenbe ==== Pwosesis pou kenbe estereyotip sèks yo fèt an patikilye atravè yon mekanis [[pwofesi pwòp tèt ou akonpli]]. “Profesi” sa a konsiste de yon sèk visye ki konpoze de kat eleman<ref name="RG">{{Book|language=en|prenon1=Laurie|ti non1=Rudman|premye non2=Pyè|ti non2=Glick|tit =Sikoloji sosyal sèks|piblikatè=Guilford Press|ane=2010}}.</ref>: * pwòp tèt ou-estereyotip: moun volontèman konfòme yo ak estereyotip yo nan yon gwoup espesifik. Gason ak fanm entènal estereyotip depi timoun yo epi adapte konpòtman yo kòmsadwa; * konfimasyon: moun yo remake ke lòt manm nan gwoup la tou konfòme ak estereyotip sèks ak pwovoke konpòtman ki ale nan direksyon yo. Pwosesis sa a ranfòse estereyotip nan fè yo parèt kòrèk ak sosyalman jistifye; * konfòmite: moun yo fè eksperyans presyon gwoup yo aji an akò ak estereyotip sèks defini pa gwoup la. Moun ki devye (sa vle di, moun ki pa konfòme ak estereyotip sèks) riske sanksyon nan rejè sosyal: yo ka eskli nan gwoup la. Pou evite sa, moun ki devye yo sèvi ak kontremezi pou yo reyentegre nan gwoup la (tankou konfòme yo ak opinyon inègza gwoup la). Laperèz pou konsekans motive devyan yo sèvi ak "desepsyon," se sa ki, yo kache lefèt ke yo pa konfòme yo ak estereyotip. Kòm yon rezilta, moun ki pi kapab pale kont estereyotip sèks yo gen mwens chans pou yo fè sa akòzmenas gwoup; * pèmisyon: moun yo santi ke li se lejitim yo sèvi ak estereyotip sèks dikte pa gwoup la wè konpòtman an nan lòt moun. Vreman vre, si sosyete a kwè ke sèksis se pa yon gwo mal, moun ki sèksis yo pa pral gen okenn kokenn nan sèvi ak estereyotip sèks yo jistifye aksyon yo ak diskou yo. ==== Konsekans ==== Estereyotip sèks yo ka gen konsekans diferan pou gason ak fanm. ===== Menas estereyotip ===== Travay sou [[menas estereyotip]] relativman resan. Kouran rechèch sa a gen pou objaktif pou etidye konsekans estereyotip yo sou moun ki se sijè yo<ref>{{Article|langue=fr|premye non1=Lionel|ti non1=Dagot|title=Menas estereyotip ak pèfòmans motivasyonèl: ka moun k ap chèche djòb |periodical=Oryantasyon edikatif ak pwofesyonèl |date=2007-09-15|issn=0249-6739|doi=10.4000/osp.1452 |li sou entènèt=https://osp.revues.org/1452#bibliography| jwenn aksè nan=2016-03-22|paj=343–356}}.</ref>. [[File:Mary_Blade,_standing_at_blackboard_(3322780400).jpg|vignette|Mary Blade t ap anseye matematik nan [[Cooper Union]] an 1946.]] [[Menas Estereyotip]] Se poutèt sa reprezante efè yon estereyotip ka genyen sou yon moun ki vize pa li. Se poutèt sa, estereyotip ki asosye ak yon gwoup ta gen yon efè dirèk sou tèt li. Anpil zòn ak gwoup yo afekte pa menas estereyotip, patikilyèman diferans sèks yo. Li se yon fenomèn konplèks ki enplike plizyè aspè. Schmader, Johns ak Forbes te devlope yon modèl an 2008 pou yo eseye eksplike kijan menas estereyotip enfliyanse pèfòmans nan travay [[kognitif]] ak [[Sensori-motè|sensorimotè]]. [[Memwa travay]] jwe yon wòl enpòtan anpil pou efikasite travay sa yo. Otè yo te eseye pi byen detèmine kisa ki ka deranje li. Fè fas a menas estereyotip ta lakòz estrès, ogmante oto-siveyans, panse ak emosyon negatif, motivasyon pou pa konpòte yo nan fason ki konsistan avèk estereyotip la, ak efò pou elimine panse negatif. . Finalman, tout efò sa yo ta konsome anpil resous memwa k ap travay epi se poutèt sa ta mennen nan yon gout nan pèfòmans<ref>{{Article|language=en|premye non1=Toni|ti non1=Schmader|premye2=Michael|ti non2= Johns |firstname3=Chad|lastiname3=Forbes|title=Yon Modèl Pwosesis Entegre nan Efè Menas Estereyotip sou Pèfòmans|Peryodik=Revizyon Sikolojik|volim=115|date=2008-04-01|issn=0033-295X|pmid=18426293| pmcid =2570773|doi=10.1037/0033-295X.115.2.336|li sou entènèt=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2570773/|accessed on=2016-05-23|paj =336–356}}</ref>. Nou remake, pa egzanp, fanm yo fè an mwayèn mwens byen pase gason lè yo konplete travay [[konplèks Rey-Osterrieth]] travay (yon egzèsis ki gen ladann rekonèt figi ki genyen twa dimansyon) e ke etid sa a prezante tankou yon tès jeyometri. . ''A contrario'', lè travay sa a prezante kòm yon tès memorizasyon oswa yon egzèsis desen, diferans ki genyen ant gason ak fanm yo pa obsève ankò<ref>{{Atik|lang=en|prenon1=Steven J.|prenon2=Claude M.|nom3=Diane M.|tiname1=Spencer|tiname2=Steele|tiname3=Quinn|tit=Menas Estereyotip ak Pèfòmans Matematik Fi yo|periyod=Journal of Experimental Social Psychology|volim=35|dat=1999-01 - 01|doi=10.1006/jesp.1998.1373|li sou entènèt=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103198913737|accessed on=2016-03-22|pages=4–28}}</ref>. Yon lòt etid te montre tou ke, lè yo fè de gwoup fanm yo travay sou menm egzèsis matematik la, gwoup la ki te deja klarifye ke tifi yo jeneralman pa reyisi nan egzèsis la pral jwenn pi mal rezilta pase nan gwoup la kote pa gen anyen. te di. Se poutèt sa, diferans ki genyen nan konpòtman ant gason ak fanm ta ka modifye akòz [[menas estereyotip sa a]]. ===== Efè repèkisyon ===== Akòz menas ke gwoup la ka reprezante si yon moun pa konfòme ak estereyotip sèks (espesyalman konsènan aspè preskripsyon yo), lèt la ka jenere yon efè repèkisyon, sa vle di "reprezay ekonomik ak sosyal apre konpòtman ki ale kont estereyotip sèks"<ref name="RP">{{Atik|language=en|premye non1=Laurie|ti non1=Rudman|premye non2=Julie|non2=Phelan|title=Efè repèkisyon pou dekonfime estereyotip sèks nan òganizasyon|periodik=Rechèch nan konpòtman òganizasyonèl|volume=28|date=2008|paj=61–79}}</ref>. Efè repèkisyon sa a te patikilyèman etidye nan yon kontèks travay paske li se patikilyèman nan zòn sa a ki estereyotip sèks yo patikilyèman repandi. === Syans === {{Atik detaye|Sèksism nan syans modèn}} Diskou syantifik transmèt anpil patipri sèksis malgre egzijans netralite ke li se sijè a nan prensip. [[Syans lavi yo]] (byoloji, anatomi, medikaman, elatriye) te bay otorite savans nan estereyotip sèks, epi istorikman te jwe yon wòl nan jistifye inegalite sosyal ant gason ak fanm<ref name=Peyre >{{Atik |langue= fr |prenon1=Evelyne |tinon1=Peyre |non2=Joëlle |ti non2=Wiels |title=Sou 'nati fanm' ak enkonpatibilite li ak egzèsis pouvwa a: pwa diskou syantifik depi 18yèm syèk la | peryodik=Kaye CEDREF yo. Sant pou ansèyman, syans ak rechèch pou syans feminis |nimewo=Nèg espesyal 2 |dat=1996-01-01 |issn=1146-6472 |doi=10.4000/cedref.1642 |li sou entènèt=http: //journals.openedition. org/cedref/1642 |aksede sou=2020-12-10 |paj=127–157 }}</ref>. Kidonk, etid [[kranyoloji]] nan {{s-|19}} ki te vize demontre enferyorite entelektyèl fanm yo te bay agiman kont edikasyon jèn fi yo<ref name=Peyre/>. === Relijyon === Majorite gwo relijyon jodi a, nan tèks fondatè yo oswa nan pratik yo, atribiye diferan fonksyon bay fanm ak gason. Sa a se ka a pou twa relijyon monoteis yo: [[Krisyanis]], [[Jdayis]], [[Islam]]<ref name="dumais">{{Atik|prenon1=Monique|ti non1=Dumais|tit. = Lòt delivrans lan: fanm ak relijyon|periodik=Rechèch Feminis|editè=Revizyon Rechèch Feminis|volim=3|nimewo=2|ane=1990|paj=1-10|issn=1705-9240|doi=10.7202/057603ar| url text=http://www.erudit.org/revue/rf/1990/v3/n2/057603ar.pdf|summary=http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/057603ar|accessed on=Me 21, 2013 } }</ref>. Se konsa tou pou [[Endouyis]]<ref name="dumais"/>. ==== Evolisyon reprezantasyon fanm nan istwa relijyon ==== Dapre [[Élisabeth Badinter]], divinizasyon fanm yo te rive nan pik li ak devlopman agrikilti a, Lè sa a, fè eksperyans yon peryòd de chanjman nan direksyon, okòmansman, egalite nan estati ant {{-mi2-|IV |II}} answit nan direksyon pou. relijyon {{sitasyon|[[monoteyis|monoteyis]] ak gason}} yo ansanm ak aparisyon [[Patriyachi (syoloji)|patriyachi]]. Élisabeth Badinter kesyone eksplikasyon [[Jean Przyluski]], ki wè ladan l konsekans dekouvèt mekanis seksyalite yo e ki atribiye evolisyon sa a an patikilye ak monte yon klas vanyan sòlda nan [[Laj Bwonz la]], swa. melanje tankou nan ka Sèlt yo, oswa esansyèlman maskilen<ref>{{Travay|premye non1=Elisabeth|ti non1=Badinter|title=Youn se lòt la. Relasyon ant gason ak fanm}}</ref>. Nan ka Shintoism la, se [[Amaterasu]], deyès manman an, ki se divinite nan orijin nan mond lan. Nan ansyen [[Ewòp]], soti nan Paleyolitik rive nan Neyolitik la, gen anpil ka kil dedye a divinite fi<ref>{{Book|language=en|first name1=M.|name1=Gimbutas|title=The Language of the Goddess| kote=London|piblikatè=[[Thames & Hudson|Thames ak Hudson]]|ane=1989|total paj=388|isbn=0-500-01480-9}}</ref>. Nan Endouyis, nou jwenn yon kont-egzanp ak pèsistans kil la nan deyès manman ak tradisyon yo ki lye ak ''[[Kumari (deyès)|kumaris]]'' nan fon Nepal<ref>{{ atik |language=en|premye non1=M.R.|ti non1=Allen|tit=Kumari oswa adorasyon "Vyèj" nan Kathmandu Valley|periodical=Kontribisyon nan Sosyoloji Endyen Delhi|rezime=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele= posterN&cpsidt =12779562|volume=10|number=2|year=1976}}</ref>. === Jistis === Antoine Mégie, konferansye nan [[University of Rouen]] e espesyalis nan jistis anti-teworis, fè remake ke {{quote|soti nan yon pwen de vi mondyal, jistis make pa yon patipri sèks ki gen rapò ak pouswit fanm yo e non pa. sèlman nan domèn teworis}}. {{quote|Lè nou konsidere ideoloji Daesh, nou konsidere fanm sa yo sanble ap kraze anba dominasyon gason menmsi nan istwa vyolans politik la, sitou ak [[Aksyon Dirèk]], medam yo te toujou santral. }}<ref>{{web link |author1=Charlotte Piret |title=Jisè 'bonbonnes de Notre-Dame': 'Afè sa a te transfòme politik penal' |url=https://www.franceinter.fr/proces- des-bonbonnes-de-notre-dame-zafè-sa-te-transfòme-politik-penal |sit=Franceinter.fr |dat=23-09-2019 |accessed on=01-08-2020}}.</ref >. Dapre Marc Juston, jij zafè fanmi nan Tarascon, {{quote|jij yo pa kont papa yo}} men rete nan yon {{quote|chema kote yo aksepte ke manman an dwe kenbe pitit li epi ke papa a dwe goumen. pou jwenn plis}<ref name="express" />. Pami pwofesyonèl legal yo, tradisyon iminite lapawòl atravè libète li ofri avoka defans yo nan ka kriminèl yo ka ede pèpetye.sèten konsiderasyon diskriminatwa kont fanm {{referans vle}}. Sepandan, diskou ki baze sou prejije sèksis {{Quote|pèdi efikasite li}}, fè remake avoka Caroline Mécary an 2019: {{Sitasyon|se yon sistèm kontrepwodiktif, ki bay enpresyon ke akize a ap eseye jete epi li ka pouse youn nan. vle defann pati sivil la<ref>Valentine Leroy, [http://www.slate.fr/story/173472/droit-plaidorie-sexisme-avocats-proces-violences-femmes Nan tribinal, sèksism toujou ap gouvènen], [ [Slate (magazine)|Slate]], 18 fevriye 2019.</ref>.}} === Seksyalite ak maryaj === {{Atik ki gen rapò|Seksyalite imen|Maryaj|Divòs|Lwa avòtman}} ==== Poligami ==== {{Atik detaye|Poligami|Polandri}} Dapre [[Jacques Attali]], {{Quote|polizini toujou otorize {{incise|oswa tolere}} jodi a, nan peyi ki reprezante prèske yon tyè nan popilasyon planèt la. Se sèlman 10% nan gason ki gen plizyè madanm, sitou pi rich<ref>[[Jacques Attali]], ''Amours. Istwa relasyon ant gason ak fanm'', 2007<!-- Ki paj? -->.</ref>{{refinc|date=fevriye 2021}}.}} Pa egzanp, poligami yo pèmèt nan peyi Zend<ref>CIA, ''[[The World Factbook]]'', "End". </ref>{{refinc|date=fevriye 2021}} ak nan Katar, ki poutan gen anpil plis gason pase fanm, rapò a se 3.39 nan dènye a<ref>CIA, ''[[The World Factbook]]'' , "Qatar".</ref>{{refinc|date=fevriye 2021}}. == Nòt ak referans == === Nòt === {{Crédit d'auteurs|type=externe|titre=De l’accès à l’autonomisation: stratégie de l’UNESCO pour l’égalité des genres dans et par l’éducation 2019-2025|auteur=UNESCO|source=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000369001|licence=CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO|URL licence=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000369001}} {{Références|groupe=Note}} === Referans === {{Anpil referans|taille=25}} == Gade tou == {{lòt pwojè |wiktionary=sèksism |commons=Kategori:Sèksism |wikiquote=Sèksism }} {{kategori prensipal}} === Bibliyografi === * {{Liv|Prenon1=Élisabeth|Ti non1=Badinter|lyen otè1=Élisabeth Badinter|tit=XY - Sou idantite maskilen|ane=1995}} * {{Liv|non1=Nicole|non1=Bédrines|non2=Régine|non2=Lilensten|non3=Claude Rose|non3=Touati|tit=Resevwa lide sou fanm|editè=Yè ak demen|koleksyon =Antholoji imè envolontè|ane=1978|total paj=192|isbn=978-2-7206-0047-0}} * {{Liv|otè1=[[Jacqueline Feldman]]|tit=The Dictionary Game|subtitle=seksyalite ak sèksism nan Petit Larousse|location=Montreal|editè=Éditions l'Étincelle|koleksyon=Esquisse|ane=1981 |total paj =175|isbn=2-89019-162-1}} * {{Liv|non1=Luce|ti non1=Irigaray|tit=Sèks ak sèks atravè lang|place=Paris|editè=[[Éditions Grasset|Grasset & Fasquelle]]|ane=1990}} * {{Liv|otè1=Salomé Joly|otè2=Sibylline Meynet|tit=[[Silent(s)]]|nati travay=bande dessinée}} * {{Liv |prenon1=Chantal |ti non1=Jouanno |otè lyen1=Chantal Jouanno |title=Kont ipèseksyalizasyon, yon nouvo batay pou egalite |nati travay=rapò palmantè |dat=05/03/2002 |total paj = 171 |format=pdf |li sou entènèt=http://social-sante.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/rapport_hypersexualisation2012.pdf}} * {{Liv|prenon1=Patricia |ti non1=Niedzwiecki|tit=Le Langage au Féminin|place=Paris|editè=Castells Éditions|ane=2000}} * {{Liv|prenon1=Christiane|ti non1=Olivier|otè lyen1=Christiane Olivier|tit=Pitit gason Orès yo, oswa kesyon papa a|editè=[[Groupe Flammarion|Flammarion]]|ane=1994}} * {{Liv|non1=Évelyne|non1=Sullerot|link otè1=Évelyne Sullerot|tit=Ki papa? Ki pitit gason?|piblikatè=[[Librairie Arthème Fayard|Fayard]]|ane=1995}} === Atik ki gen rapò === {{kolòn|taille=31| * [[Konpòtman sèksis nan travay]] * [[Gason blan fache]] * [[Antifeminis]] * [[Kondisyon gason]] * [[Kilti kadejak]] * [[Defisi fanm]] * [[Dwa fanm]] * [[Egalite sèks]] * [[Feminisid]] * [[Genderism]] * [[Eteroseksism]] * [[Entèseksyonalite]] * [[Maskilinism (ideoloji)|Maskilinism]] * [[Maskilite]] * [[Matriyachi (syoloji)|Matriyachi]] * [[Misandry]] * [[Patriyachi (syoloji)|Patriyachi]] * [[Kote fanm nan ansyen peyi Lejip]] * [[Wòl Sèks]] * [[Separasyon sèks]] * [[Seksism nan syans modèn]] * [[Sibèsèks]] * [[Seksism nan jwèt videyo]] * [[Seksis nan peyi Zend]] * [[Seksism sou Wikipedya]] * [[Tès Bechdel]] * [[Tès Finkbeiner]] * [[Vyolans domestik]] * [[Vyolans seksyèl nan travay]] * [[Puppies Tris]] * [[Donglegate]]}} === Lyen deyò === {{liens}} [[Kategori:Seksis| ]] 45b7spc3lco61uhj4z8l75se3yqtjj2 867951 867950 2025-06-01T04:46:08Z Diego Agado 34785 867951 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File: Suffragette arrest, London, 1914.jpg|thumb|alt=Yon fanm anba arestasyon k ap mache ant de polisye |Arrestation d'une [[suffragette]] (London, 1914).]] '''Sèksis''' se yon atitid diskriminatwa ki baze sou [[sèks]]<ref>{{Web link |langue=fr |titre=sexisme |url=http://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/french/sexisme/72461? q=sexisme#71652 |sit=Dictionnaire de français Larousse |konsilte nan=2020-04-21}}.</ref>, oswa, pa ekstansyon, sou [[Jan (syans sosyal)| sèks]] yon moun. Sèks la lye ak [[prejije]] yo ak konsèp nan [[Stereotype#Gender stereotypes|estereyotip]] ak [[wòl sèks]], ki ka gen ladan kwayans ke yon sèks oswa sèks intrinsèqueman siperyè pase lòt la<ref name=witt>{{Ouvrage |langue=en |prénom1=Jon |nom1=Witt |titre=SOC 2018 |année=2017 |pages totales=480 |isbn=978-1-259-70272-3 |isbn2=1-259-70272-3 |oclc=968304061}}.</ref>. Nan fòm ekstrèm li, li ka ankouraje [[asèlman seksyèl]], [[vyòl]] oswa nenpòt lòt fòm [[Agresyon seksyèl|vyolans seksyèl]]<ref>{{Atik |lang=en |prenon1=Gerald D .|name1=Robin|title=Kayòl Fòs|periodical=Krim ak Delenkans|volume=23|number=2|date=1977-04|issn=0011-1287|issn2=1552-387X|doi=10.1177/0771052802020| online=https://doi.org/10.1177/001112877702300205|accessed=2018-11-15|pages=136–153}}.</ref>. Sèksism evoke diskriminasyon sèks tou sou fòm [[inegalite sèks yo]].<ref>{{Liv |language=en |premye non1=Macklem, Timothy, |non1=1951- |title=Beyond comparison |sub- title=sèks ak diskriminasyon |piblikatè=[[Cambridge University Press]] |ane=2003 |isbn=0-511-06262-1 |isbn2=9780511062629 |isbn3=9781139165242 |oclc=57253748}}.</ref> Objektif sèksis yo se sitou fanm .{{nòt|name=consensus}} Tèm sèksis la adrese pa diferan disiplin tankou analiz medya, [[sosyoloji]], [[syans politik]], [[sikoloji]] oswa [[filozofi]]. == Definisyon ak etimoloji == Dapre bibliyotekè {{link|lang=en|Fred R. Shapiro}}, tèm "seksis" te gen plis chans envante nan {{dat-|18 novanm 1965}} pa Pauline M. Leet pandan yon "''{{lang|en|Foròm Elèv-Fakilte}}'' » nan {{link|Franklin and Marshall College}}<ref name=":1">{{Web link|langue=en|title=Feminis Vandredi: Orijin yo nan mo sèksism la.|url=https://finallyfeminism101.wordpress.com/2007/10/19/feminism-friday-the-origins-of-the-word-sexism/|site=Finallyfeminism101.wordpress.com|date =10/19/2007.|accessed=06/20/2013.}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Liv |langu=nan |otè1=Daniel J. Siegel |tit=The Wise legacy |subtitle=kijan yon pwofesè transfòme yon nasyon |ane=2015 |total paj=250 |isbn=978-1-5076-2559-0 |isbn2=1507625596 |oclc=905016569}}</ref>. Plis espesifikman, tèm sèksism parèt pandan kontribisyon Pauline M. Leet ki gen tit {{citation|Women and the Undergraduate}}. Li defini li an konparezon ak [[rasis]], li tabli ke: {{foreign quote|language=en|Lè w diskite […] ke piske mwens fanm ekri bon pwezi sa jistifye esklizyon total yo, w ap pran yon pozisyon ki sanble ak rasis la—mwen ta ka rele w nan ka sa a yon 'sexist'... Tou de rasis la ak seksis la ap aji kòmsi tout sa ki te rive pa t janm rive, epi tou de nan yo ap pran desizyon ak rive nan konklizyon sou valè yon moun. an referans a faktè ki nan toulède ka yo pa enpòtan<ref name=":1" />.}} Yo te tradui diskou sa a an franse anba tit ''Sexisme, le mot pour le dire!''<ref>{{Lyen entènèt |langue=fr|title=Sèksism, mo pou di l|url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb44459559z|site=catalogue.bnf.fr|date=2015|consulted le=2018 -11-15}}.</ref>. Dapre menm sous la, premye fwa ke tèm "sèksis" parèt alekri se nan diskou {{Lien|trad=Caroline Bird (otè Ameriken)|fr=Caroline Bird}} "''{{ lang|en |On Being Born Female}}'', pibliye {{date-|15 novanm 1968}} nan ''{{lang|en|Diskou Vital Jounen an}}''<ref name=": 1" />. Nan diskou sa a, li afime ke gen rekonesans aletranje ke [[Etazini]] se yon peyi nan plizyè fason sèksis. Sèks se jije moun selon sèks yo menm lè sèks pa enpòtan. Yo panse sèksis rime ak rasis{{nòt|group=note|{{sitasyon etranje|language=en|Genyen rekonesans aletranje ke nou se yon peyi sèksis nan plizyè fason. Sèks se jije moun selon sèks yo lè sèks pa gen pwoblèm. Sèksism gen entansyon pou rime ak rasis<ref name=":1" />.}}}}{{,}}<ref name=":1" />. Lè sa a, mo a parèt pou premye fwa nan yon diksyonè Ameriken an 1972 (''{{link|The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language}}'')<ref>Shapiro, F. R. (1985). Nòt istorik sou vokabilè mouvman fanm yo. American Speech, 60(1), 3-16|[ https://www.jstor.org/stable/454643 abstract].</ref>. === Definisyon === Yo ka defini sèksis kòm aderans ak kwayans diskriminatwa oswa danjere ki baze sou sèks oswa sèks<ref name="CSS">{{atik|language=en|author1=Bernadette Campbell|author2=Glenn Schellenberg|author3= Charlene Senn|title=Evalyasyon mezi sèksis kontanporen|peryodik=Sikoloji fanm Trimestre|volim=21|ane=1997|paj=89-102}}.</ref>. Li kapab tou konsidere kòm kouvri atitid, kwayans ak konpòtman ki sipòte inegalite ant estati fanm ak gason. Kwayans sa yo ka estriktire sou fòm yon [[ideyoloji]] ki lejitimize wòl yo tradisyonèlman asiyen selon sèks<ref name="CSS" />{{,}}<ref>{{Liv |language=en | firstname1= Janet |lastname1=Naje |prennon2=Bernadette |lastname2=Campbell |tit=Sèksism |subtitle=Atitid, kwayans, ak konpòtman |piblikatè=Blackwell Publishers |ane=2001 |li sou entènèt=http://portal.adwia.com/Courses/Knowlege/mind/Intergroup%20Processes.pdf#page=228 |format=pdf |kase sou=01/27/2021 }}.</ref>. Ideyoloji sa a sèvi kòm baz pou [[Patriyaka (syoloji)|patriyachi]]<ref>{{Chapit |lang=fr |non1=Anne |non1=Clerval |non2=Christine |non2=Delphy |titre chapitre =Feminis materyalis , yon analiz de patriyachi kòm yon sistèm dominasyon otonòm |tit travay=Espas ak relasyon dominasyon |piblikatè=Presses universitaire de Rennes |koleksyon=Jeyografi sosyal |dat=2019-01-29 |isbn=978-2 -7535-6398- 8 |li sou entènèt=http://books.openedition.org/pur/59381 |accessed on=2021-01-27 |passage=217–229}}.</ref>. Sosyoloji te egzamine seksis kòm yon manifestasyon ni nan nivo endividyèl ni nan nivo [[Apwòch sistemik |enstitisyonèl]].<ref name=":3">{{Ouvrage|langue=en|prénom1=Schaefer, Richard|nom1=T.|titre=Sociology|sous-titre=Z brief introduction|éditeur=McGraw-Hill|année=2009|isbn=978-0-07-340426-4|isbn2=0073404268|isbn3=9780071271738|oclc=243941681}}.</ref>. Yo te fè konparezon ak lòt sistèm ideyolojik diskriminasyon k ap aji nan menm nivo, tankou rasis<ref>{{Liv |lang=nan |ti non1=Hughes |premye1=Michael D. |timi2=Kroehler |premye2= Carolyn J. |title=Sosyology|subtitle=nwayo a|piblikatè=McGraw Hill/Higher Education|ane=2009|total paj=576|isbn=978-0-07-340425-7|isbn2=007340425X|oclc=276998849 !-- |pasaj= ? -->}}.</ref>{{refinc|date=janvye 2021}}. Dapre Schaefer, tout òganizasyon sosyal ki pi komen<ref name=":3" /> kontinye kontinye fè sèks. Sosyolojis Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Ida B. Wells ak Harriet Martineau te dekri sistèm ki mennen nan inegalite sèks yo, men san yo pa itilize tèm {{sitasyon etranje|langue=en|sexism}} ki toujou pa t egziste nan fen syèk la. XIX}}. Sosyolojis tankou Talcott Parsons, ki te adopte [[Fonksyonalis (syoloji)|paradig fonksyonalist]], eksplike inegalite sèks yo kòm konsekans natirèl dimòfis modèl sèks<ref name="witt" />. Sikològ Mary Crawford ak Rhoda Unger defini sèksis kòm yon seri prejije moun genyen epi ki anglobe atitid negatif ak jijman sou fanm kòm yon gwoup<ref>{{Ouvrage|prénom1=Crawford, Mary (Mary|nom1=E.)|titre=Women and gender|sous-titre=a feminist psychology|éditeur=McGraw-Hill|année=2004|isbn=0-07-282107-8|isbn2=9780072821079|isbn3=0071216618|oclc=52706293}}</ref>. Peter Glick ak Susan Fiske te envante tèm sèksism anbivalan pou dekri kijan [[estereyotip]] sou fanm yo kapab alafwa pozitif ak negatif epi kijan estereyotip sa yo gide konpòtman endividyèl yo<ref>{{Atik|langue=en|prénom1=Peter|nom1=Glick|prénom2=Susan T.|nom2=Fiske|titre=The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism.|périodique=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|volume=70|numéro=3|date=1996|issn=1939-1315|issn2=0022-3514|doi=10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.491|lire en ligne=https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.491|consulté le=2018-11-15|pages=491–512}}</ref>. Otè feminis [[bell hooks]] defini sèksis kòm yon sistèm diskriminatwa ki lakòz dezavantaj fanm yo<ref>{{ouvraj|language=en|first name1=Hooks, Bell,|styname1=1952-|title=Teyori feminis. |subtitle=soti nan maj rive nan sant|piblikatè=Pluto|ane=2000|isbn=0-7453-1664-6|isbn2=9780745316642|isbn3=9780745316635|oclc=45502856}}</ref> Filozòf la ak [[Feminis radikal|feminis radikal]] [[Marilyn Frye]] defini sèksis kòm {{sitasyon etranje|lang=en|yon konplèks atitid-konsèptif-kognitif-oryantasyon}} nan sipremasi gason, chovinis gason ak mizojini. <ref>{{Liv|lang=en|premye1=Frye,|ti non1=Marilyn.|title=Politik reyalite a|subtitle=esè nan teyori feminis|ane=1983|total paj=176|isbn= 978- 0-89594-099-5|isbn2=0-89594-099-X|oclc=9323470}}</ref>. Gen konsansis akademik ke sèksis prensipalman afekteent fanm{{nòt|name=consensus|text=Gen yon gwo konsansis nan domèn etid akademik ki etidye sèksis ke fenomèn sa a esansyèlman dekri diskriminasyon kont [[fanm]], ke 'li afekte sitou<ref>{{atik ansiklopedik |ansiklopedi=New Oxford American Dictionary |tit=Sèksism |nimewo pwoblèm=3 |ane=2010 |peryodik=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780199891535}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{ atik ansiklopedik|tit=Sèksism|ansiklopedi=Encyclopedia Britannica, Online Academic Edition |ane=2015}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{atik ansiklopedi |ti non1=Cudd|premye non1=Ann E.| siyati2=Jones|non2=Leslie E.|tit=Sèksism |ansiklopedi=A Companion to Applied Ethics |ane=2005 |peryodik=[[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell]] |kote =London}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{atik ansiklopedi|ti non=Masequesmay|premye non=Gina|editè-last=O'Brien|editè-premye=Jodi|tit=Sèksism |ansiklopedi=Ansiklopedi Sèks ak Sosyete |ane= 2008 |periodical=[[SAGE Publishing]]}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{atik ansiklopedi|ti non=Hornsby |premye non=Jennifer|editè-last=Honderich| editè-premye=Ted |tit=Sèksism |ansiklopedi=The Oxford Companion to Philosophy|issue number=2|year=2005|periodical=Oxford University Press}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{ atik ansiklopedi|tit=Sèksism | ansiklopedi=Collins Dictionary of Sociology |ane=2006 |periodik=[[Harper Collins]]}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{atik ansiklopedi|tit=Sèksism |ansiklopedi =Palgrave MacMillan Dictionary of Political Thought |ane=2007 |periodical=Palgrave MacMillan}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{atik ansiklopedi|title=Sèksism |ansiklopedi=The Greenwood Ancyclopedia of Love, Courtship, and Sexuality through History, Volim 6: The Modern World |ane=2007 |peryodik=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood]]}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{atik ansiklopedi|ti non=Foster |prenon =Carly Hayden |editè -last=Kurlan|editè-premye=George Thomas|ansiklopedi=Ansiklopedi syans politik la |tit=Sèksism |ane=2011 |periodik=[[CQ Press]]|isbn=9781608712434}}</ref>{{,}} <ref>{{atik ansiklopedi|ti non=Johnson|prenon=Allan G.|tit=Sèksism |ansiklopedi=Diksyonè Blackwell Sosyoloji |ane=2000 |periodik=Blackwell}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{liv |non=Lorber |prenon=Judith |ane=2011 |tit=Inegalite sèks: teyori feminis ak politik |piblikatè=Oxford University Press |pasaj=5|lang=en}}</ref> {{,}}<ref>{{liv|ti non1=Wortman |prenon1=Camille B. |ti non2=Loftus |premye2=Elizabeth S. |ti non3=Weaver |premye3=Charles A |tit=Sikoloji |publisher=[ [McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill]] |year=1999|language=en}} {{sitasyon etranje|language=en|Kòm atravè listwa, jodi a fanm yo se prensipal viktim sèksis, prejije ki dirije sou yon sèl sèks, menm nan peyi Etazini.}}</ref>.}} Agiman yo an favè siyifikasyon sa a, sepandan, kesyone, pami lòt moun pa Anthony Synnott, pwofesè nan sosyoloji ki konsakre tèt li nan etid la nan maskilin nan {{s|XXI}} la. Vreman vre, li defini tèm misandri a ki baze sou plizyè nosyon, miyò istwa ak lalwa. Lonje dwèt sou twòp envizibilite nosyon sa a, pandan ke konpòtman ki asosye yo aksepte kiltirèlman, menm nòmalize, li kwè ke misogyny elve misandry<ref name="Synnott">{{atik|language=en|author=Anthony Synnott| title=Poukisa Gen kèk moun ki gen pwoblèm ak gason: misandry|day=6|month=oktob|year=2010|periodical=Psychology Today|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/rethinking-men/201010/why-some-people-have-issues-men-misandry|accessed on=12 fevriye 2015}}</ref>. Li dekri tou travay Nathanson ak Young sou sijè sa a kòm "majò"<ref name="Synnott" />. Ekri yo (yon triloji sou tèm misandry<ref>{{atik|language=en|premye non=Angela|ti non=Upchurch|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1744 - 1617.2007.177_1.x/abstract|title=The Bookshelf - revizyon ''Legalize misandri: Soti nan wont piblik rive nan diskriminasyon sistemik kont gason''|peryodik=Revizyon Tribinal Fanmi|volume=45|number=4|month=Oktòb| ane =2007|pasaj=657–660|accessed on=9 Avril 2013}}.</ref> ekri pa de pwofesè [[syans relijye]] nan [[McGill University]]<ref>{{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20150503161229/http://www.malestudies.org/events.html Dezyèm Konferans Anyèl sou Etid Gason: Looking Forward to Solutions] - Fondasyon pou Etid Gason an, 2011 (gade achiv)</ref>) efektivman eksprime lide ke misandry ta dwe pwodwi dirèk nan dezi a favorize pwen de vi a Rezèv tanpon fanm<ref>{{Liv|premye non1=Paul|ti non1=Nathanson|prenon2=Katherine K.|ti non2=Jeune|tit=Simaye misandri: Ansèyman Mepri pou Gason nan Kilti Popilè|editè=[[McGill University]]/[[Queen's University|Queen's University]]|ane=2001}}</ref>. Sa a ta mennen nan yon bès nan entèraksyon ant gason ak fanm nan domèn sosyal la, ki ta vin nòmal la<ref>{{en}} [http://mqup.typepad.com/mcgill_queens_university_/ paul_nathanson_and_katherin_k_young_legalizing_misandry/ index.html Kont kouran gason an - revizyon ''Legalize Misandry''] - Jean Bethke Elshtain, ''[[The Times Literary Supplement]]'', 30 mas 2007.</ref>. Gen moun ki konte sou ekriti sa yo pou yo fè konnen nan fen {{s|XX}} yo, sosyete a te transfòme, e li te tounen misandred<ref name="lequebecoislibre1">{{atik|url=http://www.quebecoislibre.org/020302-4.htm|title=Le Mépris des hommes - premye pati: piblisite|otè=Gilles Guénette|jou=2|mwa=Mas|ane=2002|périodique=Le Québécois libre| number=99}}</ref>, patikilyèman nan domèn piblisite ak sinema/televizyon<ref name="Knight">{{web link|language=en|author=Leslie Knight|url=https:// www.forbes.com/2011/04 /26/enough-with-the-male-bashing.html|title=Enough With The Male-Bashing|sit=[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]|date=26 avril 2011}}</ref>. Kidonk, vizyon fanm antanke viktim vyolans seksyèl (patikilyèman nan sinema) ta pi mal pase mizojin<ref name="lequebecoislibre2">{{atik|url=http://www.quebecoislibre.org/020316-4.htm-|title=Mepri Gason yo - dezyèm pati: sinema|otè=Gilles Guénette|jou=16|mwa=Mas|ane=2002|peryodik=Le Québécois libre|number=100}}</ref> . Ekri sa yo te enfliyanse tou yon relikti wòl gason te jwe nan fiksyon<ref>{{Liv|lang=en|prenon1=Anthony|ti non1=Synnott|tit=Re-Thinking Men|subtitle=Ewo, Mechan ak Viktim|piblikatè=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|ane=2009|total paj=297|pasaj= 135-167|li sou entènèt=https://books.google.fr/books?id=zcuHqmQ5jNAC|chapit number=4}}.</ref>. === Nosyon ki sanble === [[Mizojini]] se ostilite anvè fi, alòske [[misandri]] se ostilite anvè gason. Tèm "[[machismo]]" la refere a ideyoloji ki defann dominasyon gason sou fanm<ref>{{CNRTL|machisme}}.</ref>. Malgre ke li pa gen yon non espesifik, kontrepati fanm nan machis enskri sipremasi fanm yo sou gason ak vize kreye yon sosyete ki reflete siperyorite sa a<ref>{{web link |title=Nan mond lan etranj mouvman pou sipremasi fanm yo. |url=https://www.vice.com/fr_ca/article/xy7x77/dans-le-monde-etrange-du-mouvement-pour-la-suprematie-des-femmes |site=[[Vice (magazine)| Vis]] |accessed on=22-09-2020}}.</ref>. Yon patipri sèks (tèm lè l sèvi avèk metafò mo [[Bias (statistik)|patipri]], nosyon prete nan syans statistik pou deziyen yon anomali sistematik) {{Sitasyon|pèmèt nou montre repetisyon yon fenomèn ki mennen nan inegalite oswa yon diferansyasyon lye ak sèks}}. Li souvan konsidere kòm kantite, men gen anpil chans pou reflete diskriminasyon enstitisyonèl<ref>{{Liv |langue=fr |premye1=Arthur|ti non1=Vuattoux |title=Adolesans anba kontwòl |subtitle=sèks, ras, klas ak laj nan tribinal pou timoun |piblikatè=Presses de Sciences Po |dat=2021-02-04 |isbn=978-2-7246-2697-1 |li sou entènèt=https://books.google.fr/books? id=aVUXEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT66&dq = |accessed on=2023-12-09 |chapit title=Diferans ki kalifye nan tretman an. Jistis pèsonalize, patipri sèks oswa diskriminasyon enstitisyonèl?}}</ref> == Orijin sèksism == Konsèp sèksis te devlope nan fen ane 1960 yo pa [[dezyèm vag feminis la]]. Se te yon kesyon de kontablite pou espesifik nan relasyon an nan dominasyon egzèse sou fanm yo. Se pandan peryòd sa a ke konsèp [[Patriyachi (syoloji)|patriyachi a] te refòmile, sa a nan sèksis te devlope epi yo te mete aksan sou [[Lavi prive|esfè prive]] kòm yon plas privilejye nan dominasyon gason: la. “Prive se politik”<ref>{{link|Carol Hanisch}}, ''Pèsonèl la se politik'', nan ''Nòt ki soti nan Dezyèm Ane a: Liberasyon Fanm nan 1970'', [[Kate Millett]] nan ''[[The Politics of the Male]]'', 1970. Yon fòmilasyon literalman tradui soti nan angle, "pèsonèl la se politik", pa mete aksan sou divizyon ki genyen ant prive ak piblik la.</ref>. === Wòl sèks === ==== Apwòch sikoloji evolisyonè ==== Dapre {{'}}''[[Encyclopædia Universalis]]'', sikoloji evolisyonè se yon oryantasyon ak yon lekòl panse ki mete aksan sou, nan eksplikasyon lespri ak konpòtman imen an, adaptasyon ki te etabli nan tan pre-istorik pa seleksyon natirèl, epi ki jodi a konstitye baz jenetikman enskri nan nati imen<ref>{{Web link|language=fr|title=EVOLUTIONIST SSYCHOLOGY|url=https:// www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/psychologie-evolutionniste/|site=Encyclopædia Universalis |accessed on=2018-07-24}}</ref>. Apwòch sa a, kontrèman ak apwòch esansyèlis la, pa globalize. Li pa pretann eksplike "nati" moun nan ki baze sou sèks yo. Olye de sa, li ap chèche bay yon eksplikasyon evolisyonè pou prezans ranfòse sèten karakteristik depann sou sèks. Nan sa a, li opoze lide [[Tabula rasa (filozofi)|tabula rasa]] souvan defann nan sosyoloji konstriktif. Pa egzanp, orijin byolojik lyen sosyal/fi ak mekanik/gason defann nan sikoloji evolisyonè<ref>{{Article|language=en|author1=Jennifer Connellan, Simon Baron-Cohen, Sally Wheelwright, Anna Batki, Jag. Ahluwalia|title=Diferans nan sèks nan pèsepsyon sosyal neonatal imen|periodical=Elsevier Science|date=2000|li sou entènèt=https://www.math.kth.se/matstat/gru/5b1501/F/sex. pdf}}< /ref>. ==== Apwòch esansyèl ==== {{Quote|[[Essentialism]] se tandans pou wè manm nan menm kategori (pa egzanp, tout gason ak tout fanm) kòm yon karakteristik pwofon, ki pa chanje ki detèmine ki moun yo ye}}< ref name="AB">{{ Liv|lang=en|prenon1=Laurie A.|ti non1=Rudman|tit=The Social Psychology of Gender|subtitle=Kijan pouvwa ak entimite fòm relasyon sèks|piblikatè=Guilford Press| ane=2010|total paj=386} }.</ref>. Pou sipòtè esansyèlis yo, diferans ki genyen ant gason ak fanm (si nan fason yo panse, santi oswa menm aji) se poutèt sa byolojik fiks ak imuiabl. Li se diferans byolojik yo ki ta detèmine diferans sikolojik yo. Dominasyon gason ta ka eksplike pa yon siperyorite nannan (oswa natirèl) nan gason sou "sèks ki jis la", admire men rlege nan travay ti kras enterè (chatter ak tripotay). Gen de rezon pou eksplike popilarite apwòch esansyèl la. Premyèman, [[sèks]] chita sou yon dikotomi eksplisit (jeneralman vizib): youn se swa yon fanm oswa yon gason, ki pa konsa pou lòt kategori sosyal. Soti nan pwen de vi apwòch esansyèl la, fanm ak gason se poutèt sa yo divize byolojikman. Gen yon opozisyon klè ant de sèks yo, ki ka distenge trè fasil, kontrèman ak lòt kategori pou ki fwontyè yo pi flou. Pa egzanp, [[relijyon]] se pa yon kategori trè diferan, yon moun ka chanje relijyon sou tan. Apre sa, karakteristik fizik evidan (ki gen ladan jenital) diferansye gason ak fanm. Pa egzanp, gason yo an mwayèn pi wo ak pi lou pase fanm<ref name="AB"/>. Esansyèlis divize gason ak fanm nan kategori mityèlman eksklizif, epi kidonk ranfòse pèsepsyon de sèks yo kòm byolojik opoze. Nan apwòch esansyèlis la, se lanati ki domine sou kilti<ref name="AB"/>. ==== Apwòch sosyoloji konstriktif ==== Pou defansè [[konstriksyon (sikoloji)|konstriktis]], se sitou kwayans kiltirèl ki nan orijin diferans konpòtman ant de sèks yo<ref name="AB"/>. Kidonk, konstriktif yo te pwopoze plizyè teyori. Nou ka pa egzanp site [[teyori aprantisaj sosyal]], selon ki nouvo konpòtman yo akeri atravè yon pwosesis obsèvasyon: lè nou obsève fason lòt moun konpòte yo (e nan ka espesifik sa a, lòt moun moun ki gen menm sèks). ), nou jwenn nouvo konpòtman menm jan an. Teyori sa a eksplike ke timoun yo dekouvri epi aprann kisa yo ye pou yon gason/fanm nan obsèvasyon moun ki gen menm sèks ak yo<ref name="AB"/>. Yon lòt teyori se "sosyalizasyon sèks". Se yon pwosesis kote timoun yo dekouvri idantite fanm ak gason. Sa a se sitou akòz lefèt ke depi lè yo fèt, timoun yo trete yon fason diferan selon si yo se gason oswa fi. Timoun yo jwe yon wòl aktif nan pwosesis sa a<ref name="AB"/>. Konstriktif yo mete aksan sou fason sosyete a kominike kwayans kiltirèl, tout moun pataje, sou fason gason ak fanm ta dwe konpòte yo. Kwayans kiltirèl sa yo afekte plizyè domèn tankou [[koulè]] yo (egzanp: woz pou ti fi, ble pou ti gason) oswa menm [[pwofesyon (aktivite)|pwofesyon]] (egzanp: doktè pou ti gason, enfimyè pou ti fi). Kwayans kiltirèl sa yo se nan orijin sa nou rele "schémas sèks": chema sa yo gide pèsepsyon moun yo genyen sou tèt yo ak lòt moun (konpòtman yo, preferans yo, elatriye) epi fòme vizyon yo sou mond sosyal la, yo parèt apati. anfans ak pèsiste nan laj granmoun<ref name="AB"/>. Anplis de sa, nou kapab idantifye twa kategori [[aktè]] ki ta jwe yon gwo wòl nan transmisyon kwayans kiltirèl ki enfliyanse timoun yo, sètadi : [[medya]] yo (egzanp [[televizyon]], [[Entènèt ]], elatriye. ), figi otorite (egzanp paran, pwofesè, elatriye) ak kanmarad. Etandone ke aktè sa yo refere a kwayans kiltirèl yo, yo ta endirèkteman jwe yon wòl nan aparans nan [[Stereotype#Gender stereotypes|estereyotip sèks]]<ref name="AB"/>. Konstriktif, atravè yon mekanis pou aprann wòl sosyal, valè, nòm ak atant kiltirèl nan yon sosyete, ka eksplike aparans nan sèten fòm sèksism. === Sèks ak estereyotip sèks === ==== Definisyon ==== Nou kapab defini [[esteryotip]] an jeneral kòm “yon kwayans konsènan karakteristik ki karakterize manm yon gwoup sosyal”<ref name="KL">{{Liv|language=fr|prenon1=Olivier|ti non1= Klein |prenon2=Christophe|ti non2=Leins|tit=Estereyotip, prejije ak diskriminasyon|ane=2013|li sou entènèt=https://www.academia.edu/5951800/St%C3%A9r%C3%A9otypes_pr%C3 %A9jug %C3%A9s_et_discrimination}}</ref>. An patikilye, estereyotip sèks (menm jan ak [[Stereotype#Gender stereotypes|estereyotip sèks]]) lakòz yo atribiye kalite oswa fonksyon diferan nan fanm ak gason<ref name="RG"/>, konsa nye posiblite pou youn oswa lòt la. genyen anpil atribi komen nan tou de sèks. Estereyotip sèks yo tou de deskriptif ak preskriptif. Sou yon bò, eleman deskriptif estereyotip sèks yo konsène atribi ki fòme apati kwayans moun genyen sou ki jan manm yon gwoup ta dwe sanble (egzanp pou fanm: emosyonèl, depandan, pasif, fèb, ki pa konpetitif, ki pa gen konfyans)<ref name="FS"/>. Nan lòt mo, yo kreye atant ki gen rapò ak konpòtman yo ke gason ak fanm gen chans pou yo montre (egzanp: fanm renmen achte soulye)<ref name="RG"/>. Yon lòt bò, eleman preskriptif la konpoze de konpòtman ki apwopriye pou gwoup sib la (egzanp: fanm yo dwe gen bon ladrès entèpèsonèl, yo dwe pasif ak dosil epi yo dwe kolabore ak lòt moun)<ref name="FS "/> . Dimansyon estereyotip sèks sa a mande pou gason ak fanm yo koresponn estrikteman ak sèlman ak wòl ak atribi estereyotip, anba penalite pou yo konsidere yo kòm yon devye nan relasyon ak sèks yo (egzanp: gason yo dwe gen yon travay, yo pa kapab mennaj)<ref name = "RG"/>. Pou yon gwoup ki abònman nan opinyon estereyotip sa a sou sèks, li pi grav pou vyole yon estereyotip preskripsyon olye de yon estereyotip deskriptif (egzanp: yon fanm kay jije pi sevè pa gwoup la pase yon fanm ki pa renmen achte soulye)<ref name = "RG"/>. Tout estereyotip gen ladan eleman deskriptif ak preskripsyon, men estereyotip sèks yo pi preskriptif pase lòt moun. Sa a se akòz lefèt ke moun yo de pli zan pli melanje tou de sèks. Vrèmanvre, lè yo obsève ak kominike avèk lòt moun, yo devlope yon pakèt lide konplèks sou fason manm chak sèks ta dwe konpòte yo<ref name="FS">{{atik|language=en|author1= Susan Fiske|author2=Laura Stevens| title=Ki sa ki espesyal sou sèks? Estereyotip ak diskriminasyon sèks|peryodik=Claremont Symposium on Applied Social Psychology|volume=6|year=1993|pages=173-196|read online=https://books.google.be/books?id=o2UVCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA505&lpg= PA505&d =%22Kisa%27s+konsa+espesyal+sou+sèks?+Seks+stereotip+ak+diskriminasyon%22&source=bl&ots=1mppk7MHlu&sig=L4LGczYJppvXPnPZLfQMVXzYFNE&hl=fr&sa=X&sa=X&ved=0ahQWiHQA_0AHQHQA_0AHQHQA_0AHK7MHlu AC#v=onepage&q=%22Ki sa ki%20so%20espesyal %20about%20sex%3F%20Gender%20stereotyping%20and%20discrimination%22&f=false}}</ref>. ==== Kontni ==== Estereyotip sèks yo ka asosye ak atribi tankou<ref name="RG"/>: * Karakteristik fizik: pou egzanp,gason yo fò ak fanm yo delika; * wòl sosyal: pa egzanp, fanm pran swen timoun yo pandan ke gason yo touche yon salè; * enterè: pou egzanp, fanm renmen al fè makèt ak gason renmen gade espò montre; * metye/okipasyon: pa egzanp, gason se enjenyè, bousye oswa minè alòske fanm se pwofesè, enfimyè oswa madanm marye. Anplis de sa, estereyotip sou gwoup sosyal yo ka apwoche dapre de dimansyon prensipal: "chalè" (èske gwoup la cho, sosyabl, ouvè ak zanmitay?) ak [[konpetans (sikoloji)|konpetans]] (se gwoup la entèlijan, travay di, efikas ak otonòm?). De dimansyon sa yo ka kwaze ak relatif [[estati sosyal]] ant de gwoup ak konpetisyon ki genyen ant yo, sa ki lakòz matris sa a<ref name="KL"/>: {| class="wikitable sant altènasyon" |+ Fiske modèl |- | ! scope="col" | Estati ki ba ! scope="col" | Segondè estati |- ! scope="ranje" | Konpetisyon ki ba = amitye | Emosyon: pitye/konpasyon (pati patènèl); Estereyotip: Enkonpetan men cho | Emosyon: Fyète, admirasyon; Estereyotip: Konpetan ak cho |- ! scope="ranje" | Konpetisyon fò = ennmi | Emosyon: Rayi/Degou (prejije meprize); Estereyotip: Enkonpetan ak frèt | Emosyon: Jalouzi, jalouzi (Prejije jalouzi); Estereyotip: Konpetan men frèt |} Modèl Fiske<ref name=Fiske/> konsantre sou estereyotip an jeneral, men li ka aplike tou nan estereyotip sèks yo. Dapre modèl sa a, pou egzanp, Menager yo wè (estereyotip) kòm trè cho, men yo pa trè konpetan. Moun ki respekte yon vizyon stereotype pral Se poutèt sa "pitye" yo oswa santi konpasyon pou yo. ''A contrario'', toujou dapre modèl Fiske a, gwoup "feminis" yo pral pèsevwa kòm pi konpetan men pi frèt, yo kapab eksite reyaksyon jalouzi nan moun ki respekte estereyotip sèks<ref name=Fiske>{{ atik| language=en|otè1=Susan Fiske|otè2=Amy Cuddy|otè3=Peter Glick|otè4=Jun Xu|tit=Yon modèl (souvan melanje) kontni estereyotip: Konpetans ak chalè respektivman apre sitiyasyon ak konpetisyon yo konnen|periyodik =Journal nan pèsonalite ak sikoloji sosyal |volim=82|nimewo=6|ane=2002|paj=878–902}}</ref>. [[File:Help Win the War on the Kitchen Front Art.IWMPST20697.jpg|vignette|Egzanp yon afich pwopagann ki montre yon estereyotip sèks konsènan fanm.]] Yon lòt bò, teyori [[wol sèks|wòl sosyal]] Alice Eagly ofri yon lòt tipoloji nan kontni estereyotip sèks yo. Vreman vre, Eagly konsidere ke estereyotip sou sèks fi a konsène sa yo rele karakteristik "kominotè" (santre sou relasyon ak emosyon) pandan ke sa yo sou gason yo "ajantik" (ki gen rapò ak endepandans ak otonomi)<ref>{{article|language=fr |otè1=Klein, O.|tit=Lè sikoloji konpare gason ak fanm: Soti nan syans rive nan estereyotip ak vise vèrsa|periodik=Tèks konferans ki bay nan Institute of Hautes Etudes de Belgique|jou=22|mwa=Fevriye|ane =2007|li sou entènèt=http://www.ulb.ac.be/psycho/psysoc/Papers/confhomfem.pdf}}</ref>. Se poutèt sa, nou ka wè estereyotip sèks yo konplemantè<ref name="JK">{{article|language=en|author1=John Tost|author2=Aaron Kay|title=Ekspozisyon ak sèksis byenveyan ak estereyotip sèks konplemantè: Konsekans pou espesifik ak fòm difize jistifikasyon sistèm|periodik=Journal pèsonalite ak sikoloji sosyal|volim=88|nimewo=3|ane=2005|paj=498-509}}</ref>. Vreman vre, fanm yo esansyèlman estereyotip kòm yo sosyabl, cho ak konsantre sou relasyon imen (plis pase gason) pandan y ap estereyotip sou gason yo defini yo kòm konpetan, endepandan ak oryante siksè (plis pase fanm). Nan lòt mo, estereyotip sèks atribiye nan chak gwoup yon seri kalite ke lòt gwoup la pa posede. Anplis de sa, kalite sa yo espesifik pou chak gwoup kontrepozan feblès estereyotip sèks yo atribiye (egzanp yon estereyotip konplemantè: fanm yo cho men yo pa trè konpetan pandan ke gason yo endepandan men yo pa trè sosyabl)<ref name="JK"/> . Yon etid ki te fèt an 1974 epi ki te repete an 2000 nan [[Etazini]] te detèmine adjektif estereyotip ki pi souvan atribiye<ref><nowiki>{{article|language=en |author1=Carol Auster|author2=Susan Ohm |title= Masculinity and Feminity in Contemporary American Society: Yon reevalyasyon lè l sèvi avèk Bem Sèks-Wòl Envantè |periodic=Rol Sèks |volume=43|number=7-8|year=2000|paj=499-528|li sou entènèt=https:// www. researchgate.net/publication/263256027_Masculinity_and_Femininity_in_Contemporary_American_Society_A_Reevaluation_Using_the_Bem_Sex-Role_Inventory/link/57554ebf08ae155a87bf08ae155a87b94e6d/pdf=download} |</nowiki> * gason: dominan, endepandan, anbisye, aji tankou yon lidè, pare pou pran risk, agresif, konpetitif ak atletik; * fi: afeksyon, kè kontan, konpasyon, sansib a bezwen lòt moun, dou, zanmitay ak renmen anvè timoun yo. Etid sa a mete aksan sou diferans ki genyen ant karakteristik kominal (oswa "chalè") nan fanm ak karakteristik ajan (oswa "konpetans") nan gason. ==== Orijin ==== Pwosesis nesans estereyotip sèks yo ka eksplike pa teyori Alice Eagly sou wòl sèks yo. Teyori sa a baze sou de aspè estriktirèl: [[divizyon travay]] ak [[Stratifikasyon sosyal|yerachi sosyal]] ki baze sou sèks. Dapre Eagly, faktè estriktirèl ki baze sou sèks sa yo jenere [[Reprezantasyon sosyal|reprezantasyonpataje sosyalman]] sou gason ak fanm. Pa egzanp, [[edikasyon]] timoun yo mande kalite moun k ap bay swen ak tandrès, pami lòt moun. Sepandan, kòm se fanm ki depi lontan eritye travay sa a atravè gwosès yo, sosyalman yo atann yo aske yo dwe dou epi pran swen moun ki bò kote yo pou yo ranpli [[Wol sèks|wòl yo ]]. Distribisyon sèks sa a nan [[Wòl sèks|wòl sosyal yo]] ta eksplike aparisyon estereyotip sèks yo, men tou diferans ki genyen nan konpòtman ant sèks yo lè li kreye yon reyalite korespondan<nowiki><ref></nowiki>{{Liv|language=fr|premye non1=Serge|name1=Guimond|tit=Sikoloji sosyal|sous-titre=pèspektiv miltikiltirèl|location=Wavre|editè=[[Mardaga (edisyon)|Mardaga]]|ane=2010|total paj=293|isbn=978-2-8047 -0032- 4|li sou entènèt=https://books.google.fr/books?id=ok0MuobcdMEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Psychologie+sociale%2C+perspective+multiculturelle}}</ref>. Vrèmanvre, yo leve moun yo pou yo adopte karakteristik sa yo dikte pa wòl sèks sa yo (egzanp: yo anseye tifi yo dwe cho epi yo jwenn rekonpans lè yo aji nan fason sa a). Apre sa, menm moun sa yo adopte karakteristik yo te anseye yo selon sèks yo, sa ki ogmante entansite yo demontre konpòtman ki koresponn ak wòl sa yo (egzanp: lè fanm vin manman, wòl sosyal yo ankouraje moun yo adopte konpòtman k ap bay swen)< non ref = "RG"/>. Teyori [[wol sèks|wòl sosyal]] Alice Eagly a sipoze ke estereyotip sèks yo soti nan diferans reyèl ant gason ak fanm. Hoffman ak Hurst<ref name="KL"/> te defye "nwayo verite" sa a nan estereyotip sèks yo. Pou rezon eksperyans yo, yo imajine yon [[planèt]] fiktiv ki konpoze de de gwoup: Orinthians yo ak Ackmians yo. Pou mwatye nan matyè yo nan eksperyans la, Orinthians yo travay nan vil la pandan y ap Ackmians yo pran swen timoun yo. Pou lòt mwatye nan matyè yo, pwopòsyon yo ranvèse: Ackmians yo ap travay di ak Orinthians yo pran swen timoun yo. Chak moun nan chak gwoup imajinè te montre karakteristik pèsonalite yo konsènan swa chalè oswa konpetans, konsa chak gwoup te jwenn an jeneral menm rapò chalè a konpetans. Se poutèt sa, karakteristik pèsonalite yo te ekivalan ant de gwoup yo, se sèlman wòl sosyal yo diferan. Pa te gen okenn diferans reyèl ant Orinthians yo ak Ackmians yo, "kernel la verite" pa t 'prezan lè sa a. Sepandan, sijè yo nan eksperyans la atribiye plis chalè nan gwoup la pran swen timoun yo ak plis konpetans nan travayè yo menm si gwoup yo te konstwi yo dwe ekivalan sou de dimansyon sa yo. Nan lòt mo, patisipan yo estereyotip gwoup yo menm si pa te gen okenn diferans pèsonalite ant Orinthians yo ak Ackmians yo. Hoffman ak Hurst te konkli ke estereyotip sèks yo se rezilta yon enferans ki fè pa moun: yo ede yo eksplike, oswa menm jistifye, fason nan ki anviwònman sosyal la estriktire<ref name="KL" />. ==== Kenbe ==== Pwosesis pou kenbe estereyotip sèks yo fèt an patikilye atravè yon mekanis [[pwofesi pwòp tèt ou akonpli]]. “Profesi” sa a konsiste de yon sèk visye ki konpoze de kat eleman<ref name="RG">{{Book|language=en|prenon1=Laurie|ti non1=Rudman|premye non2=Pyè|ti non2=Glick|tit =Sikoloji sosyal sèks|piblikatè=Guilford Press|ane=2010}}.</ref>: * pwòp tèt ou-estereyotip: moun volontèman konfòme yo ak estereyotip yo nan yon gwoup espesifik. Gason ak fanm entènal estereyotip depi timoun yo epi adapte konpòtman yo kòmsadwa; * konfimasyon: moun yo remake ke lòt manm nan gwoup la tou konfòme ak estereyotip sèks ak pwovoke konpòtman ki ale nan direksyon yo. Pwosesis sa a ranfòse estereyotip nan fè yo parèt kòrèk ak sosyalman jistifye; * konfòmite: moun yo fè eksperyans presyon gwoup yo aji an akò ak estereyotip sèks defini pa gwoup la. Moun ki devye (sa vle di, moun ki pa konfòme ak estereyotip sèks) riske sanksyon nan rejè sosyal: yo ka eskli nan gwoup la. Pou evite sa, moun ki devye yo sèvi ak kontremezi pou yo reyentegre nan gwoup la (tankou konfòme yo ak opinyon inègza gwoup la). Laperèz pou konsekans motive devyan yo sèvi ak "desepsyon," se sa ki, yo kache lefèt ke yo pa konfòme yo ak estereyotip. Kòm yon rezilta, moun ki pi kapab pale kont estereyotip sèks yo gen mwens chans pou yo fè sa akòzmenas gwoup; * pèmisyon: moun yo santi ke li se lejitim yo sèvi ak estereyotip sèks dikte pa gwoup la wè konpòtman an nan lòt moun. Vreman vre, si sosyete a kwè ke sèksis se pa yon gwo mal, moun ki sèksis yo pa pral gen okenn kokenn nan sèvi ak estereyotip sèks yo jistifye aksyon yo ak diskou yo. ==== Konsekans ==== Estereyotip sèks yo ka gen konsekans diferan pou gason ak fanm. ===== Menas estereyotip ===== Travay sou [[menas estereyotip]] relativman resan. Kouran rechèch sa a gen pou objaktif pou etidye konsekans estereyotip yo sou moun ki se sijè yo<ref>{{Article|langue=fr|premye non1=Lionel|ti non1=Dagot|title=Menas estereyotip ak pèfòmans motivasyonèl: ka moun k ap chèche djòb |periodical=Oryantasyon edikatif ak pwofesyonèl |date=2007-09-15|issn=0249-6739|doi=10.4000/osp.1452 |li sou entènèt=https://osp.revues.org/1452#bibliography| jwenn aksè nan=2016-03-22|paj=343–356}}.</ref>. [[File:Mary_Blade,_standing_at_blackboard_(3322780400).jpg|vignette|Mary Blade t ap anseye matematik nan [[Cooper Union]] an 1946.]] [[Menas Estereyotip]] Se poutèt sa reprezante efè yon estereyotip ka genyen sou yon moun ki vize pa li. Se poutèt sa, estereyotip ki asosye ak yon gwoup ta gen yon efè dirèk sou tèt li. Anpil zòn ak gwoup yo afekte pa menas estereyotip, patikilyèman diferans sèks yo. Li se yon fenomèn konplèks ki enplike plizyè aspè. Schmader, Johns ak Forbes te devlope yon modèl an 2008 pou yo eseye eksplike kijan menas estereyotip enfliyanse pèfòmans nan travay [[kognitif]] ak [[Sensori-motè|sensorimotè]]. [[Memwa travay]] jwe yon wòl enpòtan anpil pou efikasite travay sa yo. Otè yo te eseye pi byen detèmine kisa ki ka deranje li. Fè fas a menas estereyotip ta lakòz estrès, ogmante oto-siveyans, panse ak emosyon negatif, motivasyon pou pa konpòte yo nan fason ki konsistan avèk estereyotip la, ak efò pou elimine panse negatif. . Finalman, tout efò sa yo ta konsome anpil resous memwa k ap travay epi se poutèt sa ta mennen nan yon gout nan pèfòmans<ref>{{Article|language=en|premye non1=Toni|ti non1=Schmader|premye2=Michael|ti non2= Johns |firstname3=Chad|lastiname3=Forbes|title=Yon Modèl Pwosesis Entegre nan Efè Menas Estereyotip sou Pèfòmans|Peryodik=Revizyon Sikolojik|volim=115|date=2008-04-01|issn=0033-295X|pmid=18426293| pmcid =2570773|doi=10.1037/0033-295X.115.2.336|li sou entènèt=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2570773/|accessed on=2016-05-23|paj =336–356}}</ref>. Nou remake, pa egzanp, fanm yo fè an mwayèn mwens byen pase gason lè yo konplete travay [[konplèks Rey-Osterrieth]] travay (yon egzèsis ki gen ladann rekonèt figi ki genyen twa dimansyon) e ke etid sa a prezante tankou yon tès jeyometri. . ''A contrario'', lè travay sa a prezante kòm yon tès memorizasyon oswa yon egzèsis desen, diferans ki genyen ant gason ak fanm yo pa obsève ankò<ref>{{Atik|lang=en|prenon1=Steven J.|prenon2=Claude M.|nom3=Diane M.|tiname1=Spencer|tiname2=Steele|tiname3=Quinn|tit=Menas Estereyotip ak Pèfòmans Matematik Fi yo|periyod=Journal of Experimental Social Psychology|volim=35|dat=1999-01 - 01|doi=10.1006/jesp.1998.1373|li sou entènèt=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103198913737|accessed on=2016-03-22|pages=4–28}}</ref>. Yon lòt etid te montre tou ke, lè yo fè de gwoup fanm yo travay sou menm egzèsis matematik la, gwoup la ki te deja klarifye ke tifi yo jeneralman pa reyisi nan egzèsis la pral jwenn pi mal rezilta pase nan gwoup la kote pa gen anyen. te di. Se poutèt sa, diferans ki genyen nan konpòtman ant gason ak fanm ta ka modifye akòz [[menas estereyotip sa a]]. ===== Efè repèkisyon ===== Akòz menas ke gwoup la ka reprezante si yon moun pa konfòme ak estereyotip sèks (espesyalman konsènan aspè preskripsyon yo), lèt la ka jenere yon efè repèkisyon, sa vle di "reprezay ekonomik ak sosyal apre konpòtman ki ale kont estereyotip sèks"<ref name="RP">{{Atik|language=en|premye non1=Laurie|ti non1=Rudman|premye non2=Julie|non2=Phelan|title=Efè repèkisyon pou dekonfime estereyotip sèks nan òganizasyon|periodik=Rechèch nan konpòtman òganizasyonèl|volume=28|date=2008|paj=61–79}}</ref>. Efè repèkisyon sa a te patikilyèman etidye nan yon kontèks travay paske li se patikilyèman nan zòn sa a ki estereyotip sèks yo patikilyèman repandi. === Syans === {{Atik detaye|Sèksism nan syans modèn}} Diskou syantifik transmèt anpil patipri sèksis malgre egzijans netralite ke li se sijè a nan prensip. [[Syans lavi yo]] (byoloji, anatomi, medikaman, elatriye) te bay otorite savans nan estereyotip sèks, epi istorikman te jwe yon wòl nan jistifye inegalite sosyal ant gason ak fanm<ref name=Peyre >{{Atik |langue= fr |prenon1=Evelyne |tinon1=Peyre |non2=Joëlle |ti non2=Wiels |title=Sou 'nati fanm' ak enkonpatibilite li ak egzèsis pouvwa a: pwa diskou syantifik depi 18yèm syèk la | peryodik=Kaye CEDREF yo. Sant pou ansèyman, syans ak rechèch pou syans feminis |nimewo=Nèg espesyal 2 |dat=1996-01-01 |issn=1146-6472 |doi=10.4000/cedref.1642 |li sou entènèt=http: //journals.openedition. org/cedref/1642 |aksede sou=2020-12-10 |paj=127–157 }}</ref>. Kidonk, etid [[kranyoloji]] nan {{s-|19}} ki te vize demontre enferyorite entelektyèl fanm yo te bay agiman kont edikasyon jèn fi yo<ref name=Peyre/>. === Relijyon === Majorite gwo relijyon jodi a, nan tèks fondatè yo oswa nan pratik yo, atribiye diferan fonksyon bay fanm ak gason. Sa a se ka a pou twa relijyon monoteis yo: [[Krisyanis]], [[Jdayis]], [[Islam]]<ref name="dumais">{{Atik|prenon1=Monique|ti non1=Dumais|tit. = Lòt delivrans lan: fanm ak relijyon|periodik=Rechèch Feminis|editè=Revizyon Rechèch Feminis|volim=3|nimewo=2|ane=1990|paj=1-10|issn=1705-9240|doi=10.7202/057603ar| url text=http://www.erudit.org/revue/rf/1990/v3/n2/057603ar.pdf|summary=http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/057603ar|accessed on=Me 21, 2013 } }</ref>. Se konsa tou pou [[Endouyis]]<ref name="dumais"/>. ==== Evolisyon reprezantasyon fanm nan istwa relijyon ==== Dapre [[Élisabeth Badinter]], divinizasyon fanm yo te rive nan pik li ak devlopman agrikilti a, Lè sa a, fè eksperyans yon peryòd de chanjman nan direksyon, okòmansman, egalite nan estati ant {{-mi2-|IV |II}} answit nan direksyon pou. relijyon {{sitasyon|[[monoteyis|monoteyis]] ak gason}} yo ansanm ak aparisyon [[Patriyachi (syoloji)|patriyachi]]. Élisabeth Badinter kesyone eksplikasyon [[Jean Przyluski]], ki wè ladan l konsekans dekouvèt mekanis seksyalite yo e ki atribiye evolisyon sa a an patikilye ak monte yon klas vanyan sòlda nan [[Laj Bwonz la]], swa. melanje tankou nan ka Sèlt yo, oswa esansyèlman maskilen<ref>{{Travay|premye non1=Elisabeth|ti non1=Badinter|title=Youn se lòt la. Relasyon ant gason ak fanm}}</ref>. Nan ka Shintoism la, se [[Amaterasu]], deyès manman an, ki se divinite nan orijin nan mond lan. Nan ansyen [[Ewòp]], soti nan Paleyolitik rive nan Neyolitik la, gen anpil ka kil dedye a divinite fi<ref>{{Book|language=en|first name1=M.|name1=Gimbutas|title=The Language of the Goddess| kote=London|piblikatè=[[Thames & Hudson|Thames ak Hudson]]|ane=1989|total paj=388|isbn=0-500-01480-9}}</ref>. Nan Endouyis, nou jwenn yon kont-egzanp ak pèsistans kil la nan deyès manman ak tradisyon yo ki lye ak ''[[Kumari (deyès)|kumaris]]'' nan fon Nepal<ref>{{ atik |language=en|premye non1=M.R.|ti non1=Allen|tit=Kumari oswa adorasyon "Vyèj" nan Kathmandu Valley|periodical=Kontribisyon nan Sosyoloji Endyen Delhi|rezime=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele= posterN&cpsidt =12779562|volume=10|number=2|year=1976}}</ref>. === Jistis === Antoine Mégie, konferansye nan [[University of Rouen]] e espesyalis nan jistis anti-teworis, fè remake ke {{quote|soti nan yon pwen de vi mondyal, jistis make pa yon patipri sèks ki gen rapò ak pouswit fanm yo e non pa. sèlman nan domèn teworis}}. {{quote|Lè nou konsidere ideoloji Daesh, nou konsidere fanm sa yo sanble ap kraze anba dominasyon gason menmsi nan istwa vyolans politik la, sitou ak [[Aksyon Dirèk]], medam yo te toujou santral. }}<ref>{{web link |author1=Charlotte Piret |title=Jisè 'bonbonnes de Notre-Dame': 'Afè sa a te transfòme politik penal' |url=https://www.franceinter.fr/proces- des-bonbonnes-de-notre-dame-zafè-sa-te-transfòme-politik-penal |sit=Franceinter.fr |dat=23-09-2019 |accessed on=01-08-2020}}.</ref >. Dapre Marc Juston, jij zafè fanmi nan Tarascon, {{quote|jij yo pa kont papa yo}} men rete nan yon {{quote|chema kote yo aksepte ke manman an dwe kenbe pitit li epi ke papa a dwe goumen. pou jwenn plis}<ref name="express" />. Pami pwofesyonèl legal yo, tradisyon iminite lapawòl atravè libète li ofri avoka defans yo nan ka kriminèl yo ka ede pèpetye.sèten konsiderasyon diskriminatwa kont fanm {{referans vle}}. Sepandan, diskou ki baze sou prejije sèksis {{Quote|pèdi efikasite li}}, fè remake avoka Caroline Mécary an 2019: {{Sitasyon|se yon sistèm kontrepwodiktif, ki bay enpresyon ke akize a ap eseye jete epi li ka pouse youn nan. vle defann pati sivil la<ref>Valentine Leroy, [http://www.slate.fr/story/173472/droit-plaidorie-sexisme-avocats-proces-violences-femmes Nan tribinal, sèksism toujou ap gouvènen], [ [Slate (magazine)|Slate]], 18 fevriye 2019.</ref>.}} === Seksyalite ak maryaj === {{Atik ki gen rapò|Seksyalite imen|Maryaj|Divòs|Lwa avòtman}} ==== Poligami ==== {{Atik detaye|Poligami|Polandri}} Dapre [[Jacques Attali]], {{Quote|polizini toujou otorize {{incise|oswa tolere}} jodi a, nan peyi ki reprezante prèske yon tyè nan popilasyon planèt la. Se sèlman 10% nan gason ki gen plizyè madanm, sitou pi rich<ref>[[Jacques Attali]], ''Amours. Istwa relasyon ant gason ak fanm'', 2007<!-- Ki paj? -->.</ref>{{refinc|date=fevriye 2021}}.}} Pa egzanp, poligami yo pèmèt nan peyi Zend<ref>CIA, ''[[The World Factbook]]'', "End". </ref>{{refinc|date=fevriye 2021}} ak nan Katar, ki poutan gen anpil plis gason pase fanm, rapò a se 3.39 nan dènye a<ref>CIA, ''[[The World Factbook]]'' , "Qatar".</ref>{{refinc|date=fevriye 2021}}. == Nòt ak referans == === Nòt === {{Crédit d'auteurs|type=externe|titre=De l’accès à l’autonomisation: stratégie de l’UNESCO pour l’égalité des genres dans et par l’éducation 2019-2025|auteur=UNESCO|source=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000369001|licence=CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO|URL licence=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000369001}} {{Références|groupe=Note}} === Referans === {{Anpil referans|taille=25}} == Gade tou == {{lòt pwojè |wiktionary=sèksism |commons=Kategori:Sèksism |wikiquote=Sèksism }} {{kategori prensipal}} === Bibliyografi === * {{Liv|Prenon1=Élisabeth|Ti non1=Badinter|lyen otè1=Élisabeth Badinter|tit=XY - Sou idantite maskilen|ane=1995}} * {{Liv|non1=Nicole|non1=Bédrines|non2=Régine|non2=Lilensten|non3=Claude Rose|non3=Touati|tit=Resevwa lide sou fanm|editè=Yè ak demen|koleksyon =Antholoji imè envolontè|ane=1978|total paj=192|isbn=978-2-7206-0047-0}} * {{Liv|otè1=[[Jacqueline Feldman]]|tit=The Dictionary Game|subtitle=seksyalite ak sèksism nan Petit Larousse|location=Montreal|editè=Éditions l'Étincelle|koleksyon=Esquisse|ane=1981 |total paj =175|isbn=2-89019-162-1}} * {{Liv|non1=Luce|ti non1=Irigaray|tit=Sèks ak sèks atravè lang|place=Paris|editè=[[Éditions Grasset|Grasset & Fasquelle]]|ane=1990}} * {{Liv|otè1=Salomé Joly|otè2=Sibylline Meynet|tit=[[Silent(s)]]|nati travay=bande dessinée}} * {{Liv |prenon1=Chantal |ti non1=Jouanno |otè lyen1=Chantal Jouanno |title=Kont ipèseksyalizasyon, yon nouvo batay pou egalite |nati travay=rapò palmantè |dat=05/03/2002 |total paj = 171 |format=pdf |li sou entènèt=http://social-sante.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/rapport_hypersexualisation2012.pdf}} * {{Liv|prenon1=Patricia |ti non1=Niedzwiecki|tit=Le Langage au Féminin|place=Paris|editè=Castells Éditions|ane=2000}} * {{Liv|prenon1=Christiane|ti non1=Olivier|otè lyen1=Christiane Olivier|tit=Pitit gason Orès yo, oswa kesyon papa a|editè=[[Groupe Flammarion|Flammarion]]|ane=1994}} * {{Liv|non1=Évelyne|non1=Sullerot|link otè1=Évelyne Sullerot|tit=Ki papa? Ki pitit gason?|piblikatè=[[Librairie Arthème Fayard|Fayard]]|ane=1995}} === Atik ki gen rapò === {{kolòn|taille=31| * [[Konpòtman sèksis nan travay]] * [[Gason blan fache]] * [[Antifeminis]] * [[Kondisyon gason]] * [[Kilti kadejak]] * [[Defisi fanm]] * [[Dwa fanm]] * [[Egalite sèks]] * [[Feminisid]] * [[Genderism]] * [[Eteroseksism]] * [[Entèseksyonalite]] * [[Maskilinism (ideoloji)|Maskilinism]] * [[Maskilite]] * [[Matriyachi (syoloji)|Matriyachi]] * [[Misandry]] * [[Patriyachi (syoloji)|Patriyachi]] * [[Kote fanm nan ansyen peyi Lejip]] * [[Wòl Sèks]] * [[Separasyon sèks]] * [[Seksism nan syans modèn]] * [[Sibèsèks]] * [[Seksism nan jwèt videyo]] * [[Seksis nan peyi Zend]] * [[Seksism sou Wikipedya]] * [[Tès Bechdel]] * [[Tès Finkbeiner]] * [[Vyolans domestik]] * [[Vyolans seksyèl nan travay]] * [[Puppies Tris]] * [[Donglegate]]}} === Lyen deyò === {{liens}} [[Kategori:Seksis| ]] 9zp897q0uiyrs0ijlu7aicul2fuc9zw 0 87132 867956 821720 2025-06-01T04:50:21Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867956 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grann Bretay''' (an fransè : Grande Bretagne), yo rele ofisyèlman [[Wayòm Ini]] Grann Bretay (Wayòm Ini nan Grann Bretay), se yon ansyen eta souveren ki chita sou zile Grann Bretay, nan nò [[Ewòp]], ki te egziste depi 1ye me 1707. jiska 31 desanm 18001. Wayòm te fonde pa Inyon an nan yon sèl eta nan wayòm Ekòs ak wayòm [[Angletè]] (ki enkli [[Gal]]), pa Trete Inyon an an 1706 ki te swiv pa Zak Inyon. Tou de wayòm yo te deja dirije pa menm wa a depi Inyon kouwòn yo an 1603. Wayòm nan te kouvri Grann Bretay ak zile ki touprè li yo, men se pa wayòm [[Ilann]], ki te rete yon domèn separe anba kouwòn britanik ki fèk kreye. 1ye janvye 1801, wayòm Grann Bretay ak Ilann te ini pou fòme Wayòm Ini Grann Bretay ak Ilann. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Wayòm Ini]] en27meyncpfn48yz9wl1jgtfw08leyn 867957 867956 2025-06-01T04:51:22Z Diego Agado 34785 867957 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grann Bretay''' (an fransè : Grande Bretagne), yo rele ofisyèlman [[Wayòm Ini]] Grann Bretay (Wayòm Ini nan Grann Bretay), se yon ansyen eta souveren ki chita sou zile Grann Bretay, nan nò [[Ewòp]], ki te egziste depi 1ye me 1707. jiska 31 desanm 18001.<ref>''The American Pageant, Volume 1'', Cengage Learning (2012).</ref> Wayòm te fonde pa Inyon an nan yon sèl eta nan wayòm Ekòs ak wayòm [[Angletè]] (ki enkli [[Gal]]), pa Trete Inyon an an 1706 ki te swiv pa Zak Inyon. Tou de wayòm yo te deja dirije pa menm wa a depi Inyon kouwòn yo an 1603. Wayòm nan te kouvri Grann Bretay ak zile ki touprè li yo, men se pa wayòm [[Ilann]], ki te rete yon domèn separe anba kouwòn britanik ki fèk kreye.<ref name="Act of Union 1707 article I">{{Citation|last=Parliament of the Kingdom of England|title=Union with Scotland Act 1706 Article I|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/aep/Ann/6/11|work=[[legislation.gov.uk]]|quote=That the two Kingdoms of England and Scotland shall upon the First day of May which shall be in the year One thousand seven hundred and seven and forever after be united into one Kingdom by the name of Great Britain..."}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lawscot.org.uk/members/journal/issues/vol-52-issue-06/the-union-and-the-law/|title=The Union and the law|website=Law Society of Scotland|language=en|access-date=27 February 2025}}</ref> 1ye janvye 1801, wayòm Grann Bretay ak Ilann te ini pou fòme Wayòm Ini Grann Bretay ak Ilann. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Wayòm Ini]] 7iuytbmaga9rf3ciramiwrgwu6yxy22 867958 867957 2025-06-01T04:51:45Z Diego Agado 34785 867958 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grann Bretay''' (an fransè : Grande Bretagne), yo rele ofisyèlman [[Wayòm Ini]] Grann Bretay (Wayòm Ini nan Grann Bretay), se yon ansyen eta souveren ki chita sou zile Grann Bretay, nan nò [[Ewòp]], ki te egziste depi 1ye me 1707. jiska 31 desanm 18001.<ref>''The American Pageant, Volume 1'', Cengage Learning (2012).</ref> Wayòm te fonde pa Inyon an nan yon sèl eta nan wayòm Ekòs ak wayòm [[Angletè]] (ki enkli [[Gal]]), pa Trete Inyon an an 1706 ki te swiv pa Zak Inyon. Tou de wayòm yo te deja dirije pa menm wa a depi Inyon kouwòn yo an 1603. Wayòm nan te kouvri Grann Bretay ak zile ki touprè li yo, men se pa wayòm [[Ilann]], ki te rete yon domèn separe anba kouwòn britanik ki fèk kreye.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lawscot.org.uk/members/journal/issues/vol-52-issue-06/the-union-and-the-law/|title=The Union and the law|website=Law Society of Scotland|language=en|access-date=27 February 2025}}</ref> 1ye janvye 1801, wayòm Grann Bretay ak Ilann te ini pou fòme Wayòm Ini Grann Bretay ak Ilann. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Wayòm Ini]] nzp2g3rgcuhcihziez4n9xibkaharj8 0 87679 867897 849583 2025-05-30T14:24:20Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 867897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Taz Skylar |foto= |tèks= |fonksyon=aktè |domèn=sinema, televizyon |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[5 desanm]] [[1995]] |lye nesans=[[Zile Kanari]] |peyi nesans=[[Espay]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite=panyòl |konjwen= |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Taz Skylar''', ki fèt [[5 desanm]] [[1995]] nan [[Zile Kanari]], se yon aktè panyòl.<ref>[https://www.independenttalent.com/actors/taz-skylar/]</ref><ref>[https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/people.php?id=215540]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nuitmagazine.com/mag/taz-skylar/ |title=Kopi achiv |access-date=2023-09-28 |archive-date=2023-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829194104/http://www.nuitmagazine.com/mag/taz-skylar/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Biyografi == Skylar te fèt nan [[Zile Kanari]], nan yon papa desandan Libanè nan [[Syera Leòn]], ak yon manman angle ki soti [[Yorkshire]].<ref>[https://www.tvinsider.com/people/taz-skylar/]</ref><ref>[https://www.empireonline.com/people/taz-skylar/]</ref><ref>[https://avermagazine.com/taz-skylar]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voicebanklondon.co.uk/artist/taz-skylar |title=Kopi achiv |access-date=2023-09-28 |archive-date=2023-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615220203/https://www.voicebanklondon.co.uk/artist/taz-skylar |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Zèv li yo == === Sinema === * [[2019]] : ''[[The Kill Team]]'' : Sergeant Dawes * [[2019]] : ''[[Lie Low]]'' : Marty * [[2020]] : ''[[Villain]]'' : Jason * [[2021]] : ''[[Boiling Point]]'' : Billy * [[2022]] : ''[[The Deal]]'' : Gin === Televizyon === * [[2018]]–[[2019]] : ''[[The Reserves]]'' : Caps * [[2022]] : ''[[Agatha Raisin]]'' : Harry Beam * [[2022]] : ''[[The Lazarus Project]]'' : Walt * depi [[2023]] : ''[[One Piece]]'' : Sanji * [[2023]] : ''[[Boiling Point]]'' : Billy == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7501381/ Taz Skylar] sou IMDb {{DEFAULTSORT:Skylar, Taz}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè panyòl]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1995]] r39sbpen4edcon2mwscts2ixnv35kf4 0 88272 867936 832359 2025-05-31T08:51:41Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{San sous}} {{Infobox Biyografi |non=Martin Luther |imaj= |lejand= |aktivite= }} '''Martin Luther''', ki fèt [[10 novanm]] [[1483]] se te yon pè, teyolojyen, otè. nan kantik, pwofesè alman ak Augustinian. * '''dat evenman yo:'''{{mo * fet 10 novanm 1483 *mouri 18 fevriye 1546 == Biyografi == Martin Luther OSA (ki fèt [[10 novanm]] [[1483]], li mouri nan dat ki se 18 fevriye 1546) se te yon prèt, tewolojyen, otè. nan kantik, pwofesè [[Almay|alman]] ak Augustinian. Li te figi fondatè Refòm Pwotestan an, ak kwayans teyolojik li yo fòme baz Literanis. Luther te òdone prèt an 1507. Li te vin retire anpil ansèyman ak pratik Legliz Katolik Women an; An patikilye, li te defye opinyon an sou endiljans. Luther te ofri yon diskisyon akademik sou pratik ak efikasite nan endiljans nan katrevensenk Tèz li yo an 1517. Refize li pou renonse tout ekriti li yo sou demann Pap Leo - Anpi Women Jèmanik Charles V nan rejim Wom an 1521 te lakòz li. yo dwe ekskominike pa Pap la. == Mesaj == Luther te anseye ke delivrans ak, konsekans, lavi etènèl yo pa touche pa bon aksyon; pito, yo resevwa yo sèlman kòm kado gratis nan favè Bondye grasa lafwa kwayan an nan Jezikri, redanmtè a anba peche. Teyoloji li te defye otorite ak ofis Pap la lè li te anseye ke [[Bib]] la se sèl sous konesans Bondye revele,e li te opoze sacerdotalis lè li te konsidere tout [[kretyen]] batize yo kòm yon prètriz sen. Moun ki idantifye ak sa yo, ak tout Ansèyman pi laj Luther yo,yo rele Literyen, menm si Luther te ensiste sou kretyen oswa evanjelik (an alman: evangelisch) kòm sèl non akseptab pou moun ki pwofese Kris la. Tradiksyon li nan Bib la nan [[lang alman]] an (olye an Latan) te fè li pi aksesib a laik yo, yon evènman ki te gen yon enpak fòmidab sou tou de legliz la ak kilti alman an. Li te ankouraje devlopman yon vèsyon estanda nan lang alman an, te ajoute plizyè prensip nan atizay la nan tradiksyon,[ ak enfliyanse ekriti a.yon evènman ki te gen yon enpak fòmidab sou tou de legliz la ak kilti alman. Li te ankouraje devlopman yon vèsyon estanda lang alman an, te ajoute plizyè prensip nan atizay tradiksyon an, e li te enfliyanse ekri yon tradiksyon angle, Bib Tyndale la. Kantik li yo te enfliyanse devlopman chante nan legliz Pwotestan. [8] Maryaj li ak Katharina von Bora, yon ansyen mè, te etabli yon modèl pou pratik maryaj klerikal, sa ki te pèmèt klèje Pwotestan marye. == Zèv li yo == == Referans == {{referans}} https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=5aa0661529b844b0JmltdHM9MTY5OTMxNTIwMCZpZ3VpZD0yZDMxMDU4My02YjJmLTZjMzYtMmFkNy0xNjAwNmFiZjZkMDEmaW5zaWQ9NTAyNQ&ptn=3&hsh=3&fclid=2d310583-6b2f-6c36-2ad7-16006abf6d01&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaGVyb2RvdGUubmV0L0xfaW5pdGlhdGV1cl9kZV9sYV9SZWZvcm1lLXN5bnRoZXNlLTI4Ni5waHA&ntb=1 https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=9fbe4672d5d4b41aJmltdHM9MTY5OTMxNTIwMCZpZ3VpZD0yZDMxMDU4My02YjJmLTZjMzYtMmFkNy0xNjAwNmFiZjZkMDEmaW5zaWQ9NTI5Nw&ptn=3&hsh=3&fclid=2d310583-6b2f-6c36-2ad7-16006abf6d01&psq=martin+luther&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9kZS53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvTWFydGluX0x1dGhlcg&ntb=1 {{DEFAULTSORT:Luther, Martin}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Relijyon]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1483]] [[Kategori:Lanmò 1546]] 4z3c8geay0tmnkm61w8gaotlbr458r5 867937 867936 2025-05-31T08:55:35Z Diego Agado 34785 867937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{San sous}} {{Infobox Biyografi |non=Martin Luther |imaj= |lejand= |aktivite= }} '''Martin Luther''', ki fèt [[10 novanm]] [[1483]] se te yon pè, teyolojyen, otè. nan kantik, pwofesè alman ak Augustinian. * '''dat evenman yo:'''{{mo * fet 10 novanm 1483 *mouri 18 fevriye 1546 == Biyografi == Martin Luther OSA (ki fèt [[10 novanm]] [[1483]], li mouri nan dat ki se 18 fevriye 1546) se te yon prèt, tewolojyen, otè. nan kantik, pwofesè [[Almay|alman]] ak Augustinian. Li te figi fondatè Refòm Pwotestan an, ak kwayans teyolojik li yo fòme baz Literanis. Luther te òdone prèt an 1507. Li te vin retire anpil ansèyman ak pratik Legliz Katolik Women an; An patikilye, li te defye opinyon an sou endiljans. Luther te ofri yon diskisyon akademik sou pratik ak efikasite nan endiljans nan katrevensenk Tèz li yo an 1517. Refize li pou renonse tout ekriti li yo sou demann Pap Leo - Anpi Women Jèmanik Charles V nan rejim Wom an 1521 te lakòz li. yo dwe ekskominike pa Pap la.<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/martin%20luther "Luther"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227044730/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/martin%20luther|date=27 December 2014}}. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> <ref>Luther himself, however, believed that he had been born in 1484. {{cite book|last1=Hendrix|first1=Scott H.|title=Martin Luther: Visionary Reformer|date=2015|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|page=17|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NHKhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA17|access-date=12 November 2017|isbn=978-0-300-16669-9}}</ref> <ref>Luther consistently referred to himself as a former monk. For example: "Thus formerly, when I was a monk, I used to hope that I would be able to pacify my conscience with the fastings, the [[praying]], and the vigils with which I used to afflict my body in a way to excite pity. But the more I sweat, the less quiet and peace I felt; for the true light had been removed from my eyes." Martin Luther, Lectures on Genesis: Chapters 45–50, ed. Jaroslav Jan Pelikan, Hilton C. Oswald, and Helmut T. Lehmann, vol. 8 ''Luther's Works''. (Saint Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1999), 5:326.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Luther|title=Martin Luther|last=Hillerbrand|first=Hans J.|date=14 February 2024|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=29 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Nelson|first=Robert H.|title=Lutheranism and the Nordic Spirit of Social Democracy: A Different Protestant Ethic|publisher=Aarhus University Press|year=2017|isbn=9788771844160|page=64}}</ref> == Mesaj == Luther te anseye ke delivrans ak, konsekans, lavi etènèl yo pa touche pa bon aksyon; pito, yo resevwa yo sèlman kòm kado gratis nan favè Bondye grasa lafwa kwayan an nan Jezikri, redanmtè a anba peche. Teyoloji li te defye otorite ak ofis Pap la lè li te anseye ke [[Bib]] la se sèl sous konesans Bondye revele,e li te opoze sacerdotalis lè li te konsidere tout [[kretyen]] batize yo kòm yon prètriz sen. Moun ki idantifye ak sa yo, ak tout Ansèyman pi laj Luther yo,yo rele Literyen, menm si Luther te ensiste sou kretyen oswa evanjelik (an alman: evangelisch) kòm sèl non akseptab pou moun ki pwofese Kris la. Tradiksyon li nan Bib la nan [[lang alman]] an (olye an Latan) te fè li pi aksesib a laik yo, yon evènman ki te gen yon enpak fòmidab sou tou de legliz la ak kilti alman an. Li te ankouraje devlopman yon vèsyon estanda nan lang alman an, te ajoute plizyè prensip nan atizay la nan tradiksyon,[ ak enfliyanse ekriti a.yon evènman ki te gen yon enpak fòmidab sou tou de legliz la ak kilti alman. Li te ankouraje devlopman yon vèsyon estanda lang alman an, te ajoute plizyè prensip nan atizay tradiksyon an, e li te enfliyanse ekri yon tradiksyon angle, Bib Tyndale la. Kantik li yo te enfliyanse devlopman chante nan legliz Pwotestan. [8] Maryaj li ak Katharina von Bora, yon ansyen mè, te etabli yon modèl pou pratik maryaj klerikal, sa ki te pèmèt klèje Pwotestan marye. == Zèv li yo == == Referans == {{referans}} https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=5aa0661529b844b0JmltdHM9MTY5OTMxNTIwMCZpZ3VpZD0yZDMxMDU4My02YjJmLTZjMzYtMmFkNy0xNjAwNmFiZjZkMDEmaW5zaWQ9NTAyNQ&ptn=3&hsh=3&fclid=2d310583-6b2f-6c36-2ad7-16006abf6d01&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaGVyb2RvdGUubmV0L0xfaW5pdGlhdGV1cl9kZV9sYV9SZWZvcm1lLXN5bnRoZXNlLTI4Ni5waHA&ntb=1 https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=9fbe4672d5d4b41aJmltdHM9MTY5OTMxNTIwMCZpZ3VpZD0yZDMxMDU4My02YjJmLTZjMzYtMmFkNy0xNjAwNmFiZjZkMDEmaW5zaWQ9NTI5Nw&ptn=3&hsh=3&fclid=2d310583-6b2f-6c36-2ad7-16006abf6d01&psq=martin+luther&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9kZS53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvTWFydGluX0x1dGhlcg&ntb=1 {{DEFAULTSORT:Luther, Martin}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Relijyon]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1483]] [[Kategori:Lanmò 1546]] jsnfai69e9go8cr73z2hrqbmnoiat1x 867938 867937 2025-05-31T08:56:05Z Diego Agado 34785 867938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biyografi |non=Martin Luther |imaj= |lejand= |aktivite= }} '''Martin Luther''', ki fèt [[10 novanm]] [[1483]] se te yon pè, teyolojyen, otè. nan kantik, pwofesè alman ak Augustinian. * '''dat evenman yo:'''{{mo * fet 10 novanm 1483 *mouri 18 fevriye 1546 == Biyografi == Martin Luther OSA (ki fèt [[10 novanm]] [[1483]], li mouri nan dat ki se 18 fevriye 1546) se te yon prèt, tewolojyen, otè. nan kantik, pwofesè [[Almay|alman]] ak Augustinian. Li te figi fondatè Refòm Pwotestan an, ak kwayans teyolojik li yo fòme baz Literanis. Luther te òdone prèt an 1507. Li te vin retire anpil ansèyman ak pratik Legliz Katolik Women an; An patikilye, li te defye opinyon an sou endiljans. Luther te ofri yon diskisyon akademik sou pratik ak efikasite nan endiljans nan katrevensenk Tèz li yo an 1517. Refize li pou renonse tout ekriti li yo sou demann Pap Leo - Anpi Women Jèmanik Charles V nan rejim Wom an 1521 te lakòz li. yo dwe ekskominike pa Pap la.<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/martin%20luther "Luther"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227044730/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/martin%20luther|date=27 December 2014}}. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> <ref>Luther himself, however, believed that he had been born in 1484. {{cite book|last1=Hendrix|first1=Scott H.|title=Martin Luther: Visionary Reformer|date=2015|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|page=17|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NHKhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA17|access-date=12 November 2017|isbn=978-0-300-16669-9}}</ref> <ref>Luther consistently referred to himself as a former monk. For example: "Thus formerly, when I was a monk, I used to hope that I would be able to pacify my conscience with the fastings, the [[praying]], and the vigils with which I used to afflict my body in a way to excite pity. But the more I sweat, the less quiet and peace I felt; for the true light had been removed from my eyes." Martin Luther, Lectures on Genesis: Chapters 45–50, ed. Jaroslav Jan Pelikan, Hilton C. Oswald, and Helmut T. Lehmann, vol. 8 ''Luther's Works''. (Saint Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1999), 5:326.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Luther|title=Martin Luther|last=Hillerbrand|first=Hans J.|date=14 February 2024|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=29 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Nelson|first=Robert H.|title=Lutheranism and the Nordic Spirit of Social Democracy: A Different Protestant Ethic|publisher=Aarhus University Press|year=2017|isbn=9788771844160|page=64}}</ref> == Mesaj == Luther te anseye ke delivrans ak, konsekans, lavi etènèl yo pa touche pa bon aksyon; pito, yo resevwa yo sèlman kòm kado gratis nan favè Bondye grasa lafwa kwayan an nan Jezikri, redanmtè a anba peche. Teyoloji li te defye otorite ak ofis Pap la lè li te anseye ke [[Bib]] la se sèl sous konesans Bondye revele,e li te opoze sacerdotalis lè li te konsidere tout [[kretyen]] batize yo kòm yon prètriz sen. Moun ki idantifye ak sa yo, ak tout Ansèyman pi laj Luther yo,yo rele Literyen, menm si Luther te ensiste sou kretyen oswa evanjelik (an alman: evangelisch) kòm sèl non akseptab pou moun ki pwofese Kris la. Tradiksyon li nan Bib la nan [[lang alman]] an (olye an Latan) te fè li pi aksesib a laik yo, yon evènman ki te gen yon enpak fòmidab sou tou de legliz la ak kilti alman an. Li te ankouraje devlopman yon vèsyon estanda nan lang alman an, te ajoute plizyè prensip nan atizay la nan tradiksyon,[ ak enfliyanse ekriti a.yon evènman ki te gen yon enpak fòmidab sou tou de legliz la ak kilti alman. Li te ankouraje devlopman yon vèsyon estanda lang alman an, te ajoute plizyè prensip nan atizay tradiksyon an, e li te enfliyanse ekri yon tradiksyon angle, Bib Tyndale la. Kantik li yo te enfliyanse devlopman chante nan legliz Pwotestan. [8] Maryaj li ak Katharina von Bora, yon ansyen mè, te etabli yon modèl pou pratik maryaj klerikal, sa ki te pèmèt klèje Pwotestan marye. == Zèv li yo == == Referans == {{referans}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Luther, Martin}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Relijyon]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1483]] [[Kategori:Lanmò 1546]] aqipred5ahvpq1batuubccubnpfvurd 0 88625 867972 845005 2025-06-01T05:05:49Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867972 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Heart transplant.jpg|thumb|Dyagram nan yon kè ki transplante]] Transplantasyon kè, oswa transplantasyon kè, se yon entèvansyon [[operasyon|chirijikal]] ki konsiste de ranplase yon [[kè]] malad pa yon kè ki an sante, yo pran nan men yon donatè ki gen menm gwoup san an. == Istwa == [[File:Christaan Barnard (1968).jpg|vignette|[[Christiaan Barnard]], youn nan pyonye transplantasyon kè.]] Premye transplantasyon kè a te fè {{date-|18 janvye 1964}} pa {{Link |language=en|trad=James Hardy (chirijyen)|fr=James Hardy (chirijyen)|text=James Hardy}}, [[operasyon kè|chirijyen Ameriken]] nan [[Jackson (Mississippi)|Jackson]] nan [[Etazini]]<ref>{{en}} Thomas Morris [http://www.thelancet.com/journals / lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)31499-X/fulltext “James Hardy ak premye transplantasyon kè”] ''The Lancet'' 2017;389:2280–2281</ref>. Se te yon [[xenograft]] kadyak: kè yon chenpanze te transplante'tèt nan yon pasyan ki gen ensifizans kadyak nan etap final la. Entèvansyon sa a se te yon echèk paske kè a, ki gen gwosè pa apwopriye pou bati yon adilt, te fonksyone pou apeprè inèdtan. [[Christiaan Barnard]], [[chirijyen kadyak|chirijyen kadyak]] te fè premye transplantasyon kè lè l sèvi avèk yon kè imen nan [[Cape Town|Cape Town]], Lafrik di sid, nan {{date-|3 desanm 1967 }}. Li te swiv pa [[Norman Shumway]] Ozetazini kèk mwa apre. An [[Frans]], pyonye yo se pwofesè [[Christian Cabrol]], [[Gérard Guiraudon]] ak [[Maurice Mercadier]] nan lopital [[pitié-Salpêtrière]], nan {{Dat-|27 |Avril|1968. }}. Pasyan an, Clovis Roblain, {{nobr|66 ane}}, te siviv sèlman {{nobr|53 èdtan}} transplantasyon an te fè lè l sèvi avèk metòd Barnard pou [[suture (medsin)|suture]] ak yon nouvo metòd {{Pr|Cabrol}} pou prezèvasyon kè a te pran nan men donatè a pa perfusion nan [[atè kowonè|atè kowonè]]<ref>[http://www.ina.fr/video/CAF91020410/ Entèvyou pwofesè Cabrol, Guiraudon ak Mercadier nan dat 29 avril 1968 (achiv INA)]</ref>. Misye Noêl Moissonnier, ki fèt nan Lyon, ki gen 34 an, ki soti nan Lons-le-Saunier, katriyèm ann Frans, te transplante'l nan Lyon nan {{dat-|11 novanm 1968}}. Travay sa a te fèt pa ekip Pwofesè Michaud nan klinik operasyon kadyak la. Plizyè nan manm li yo te ale nan Cape Town al rankontre Pwofesè Barnard. Gen kèk te panse ke kree franse a ta dwe fèt nan Lyon. Doktè Lyon yo te evite fè kòmantè sou operasyon an, retire nenpòt lespri konpetisyon ak pote l 'tounen nan reyalite a nan tan an, sa ki nan yon pwosedi medikal ki grav ak ki riske anpil. [[Edmond Henry (chirijyen)|Edmond Henry]] ak ekip li a, k ap travay pou Pwofesè Jouve nan klinik Cantini nan [[Marseille]], transplantasyon [[Emmanuel Vitria]] nan {{dat-|27 novanm}} sa a. menm ane. Pasyan sa a ap viv {{nobr|18 ane}} {{nobr|5 mwa}} ak {{nobr|13 jou}} apre pwosedi sa a. Premye moun ki resevwa transplantasyon yo, ak eksepsyon ki ra, pa t 'siviv plis pase kèk semèn apre operasyon an, sitou akòz pwoblèm nan nan rejè: reyaksyon nan lame a kont grèf la konsidere kòm yon kò etranje. Ane 1970 yo te wè de pwogrè enpòtan: prezèvasyon kè donatè grasa frèt, sa ki te pèmèt pran echantiyon yo te fè nan yon distans ak sit transplantasyon an, ak byopsi andomyokad ki te pèmèt dyagnostik bonè nan rejè: yo prezante yon sond anba kontwòl radyolojik ak anba anestezi lokal. nan yon gwo venn epi pouse nan vantrikul dwat la, sa ki pèmèt yo pran yon ti moso ki egzamine anba yon mikwoskòp. Ane 1980 yo te wè aparans premye transplantasyon kè-poumon yo ansanm ak premye kè atifisyèl yo, pi souvan yo te plase pandan y ap tann yon kè konpatib. [[Cyclosporin]], yon imunosuppressant pwisan, te parèt pandan menm peryòd la, ki fè li posib pou amelyore siyifikativman lavi pasyan transplantasyon yo. An 1986, pwofesè [[Alain Carpentier]] ak [[Gilles Dreyfus]] te fè premye transplantasyon yon pasyan ki gen yon kè atifisyèl an Ewòp (''{{Lang|en|Lancet}}'')<ref> {{en}} [http://www.biomedexperts.com/Abstract.bme/2873392/Heterotopic_artificial_heart_as_bridge_to_cardiac_transplantation « {{Lang|en|Heterotopic atifisyèl kè kòm pon nan transplantasyon kadyak}} »] {{Lien archive|url=http://www.biomedexperts.com/Abstract.bme/2873392/Heterotopic_artificial_heart_as_bridge_to_cardiac_transplantation |timestamp archive=20150923190229 |title=Kopi achiv }}</ref>. Nan {{date-|7 janvye 2022}}, yo fè yon transplantasyon kè soti nan yon kochon jenetikman modifye nan [[Baltimore]], Ozetazini<ref>{{Web link |language=fr-FR | title= Transplantasyon kè soti nan bèt a moun: kòman yon Ameriken viv kounye a ak kè yon kochon |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/soigner/don-d-orgues/transplantation- heart-from-animal-to -man-koman-yon-ameriken-kounye-a-viv-ak-kè-kochon-a-kochon_4912503.html |sit=Franceinfo |dat=2022-01-12 |konsilte sou =2022-01-12}}</ref>. Sepandan, pasyan an te mouri de mwa apre, apre yon deteryorasyon toudenkou nan kondisyon li kèk jou pi bonè. Li te soufri tou de "episod enfektye souvan," dapre Muhammad Mohiuddin, direktè syantifik nan pwogram ksenotransplantasyon nan University of Maryland Hospital. Dapre lopital la, [[xenograft]] nan kesyon an sepandan "te travay trè byen pandan plizyè semèn"<ref>{{Lyen web |language=fr-FR |title=Premye pasyan transplante'tèt ak yon kè kochon mouri , de mwa. apre operasyon li |url=https://www.santemagazine.fr/actualites/actualites-traitement/le-premier-patient-greffe-avec-un-coeur-de-porc-est-mort-deux-mois -after- his-operation-910447 |sit=Santé Magazine |dat=2022-03-10 |konsilte sou=2022-04-22}}</ref>. == Endikasyon == Transplantasyon kè yo ofri bay pasyan ki gen ensifizans kadyak grav ak irevokabl, pou moun esperans lavi limite. Yo fè yon evalyasyon konplè medikal ak sikolojik pou chèche konnen si gen lòt maladi ki ka fè li difisil pou kontwole oswa preskri sèten medikaman. Apre diskisyon sou dosye a, pasyan an "mete sou lis transplantasyon an": Lè sa a, li gen anpil chans yo dwe rele nan nenpòt ki lè nan jounen an oswa nan mitan lannwit epi yo dwe ale nan sant transplantasyon an pi vit ke posib. Transplantasyon kè rete esansyèlman limite pa disponiblite ki ba nan grèf [[ògàn]] bay yo. Kantite moun ki resevwa transplantasyon ({{formatnum:3500}} chak ane atravè lemond) ap stagnation pandan bezwen yo ap ogmante. == Teknik == Prèske tout kè moun k ap resevwa a retire apre yo fin mete yon sikilasyon ranplasman ([[siilasyon ekstra-kòporèl]]): se sèlman do kay [[atrium (anatomy)|atrium]] gòch la ki konsève , ak kat venn poumon li yo. Lè sa a, yo mete kè donatè a an plas epi li koud nan lòt gwo veso yo ([[aorta]], [[atè poumon]], venn kava [[vena kava siperyè|siperyè]], ak venn kava [[enferyè|pi ba] ]), osi byen ke do kay la nan atrium gòch la. == Evolisyon == Pwobabilite pou siviv rive nan prèske 90% nan yon ane ak yon lavi souvan depase dis ane<ref name="jhlt2007">{{en}} Taylor DO, Edwards LB, Boucek MM {{et al.} } [http:/ /www.jhltonline.org/article/S1053-2498(07)00506-2/fulltext “Rejis Sosyete entènasyonal pou transplantasyon kè ak poumon: vennkatriyèm rapò ofisyèl sou transplantasyon kè adilt—2007”] ' 'J Heart Lung Transplant .'' 2007;26:769–781</ref>. Konplikasyon prensipal yo se menm jan ak tout transplantasyon: * [[maladi enfeksyon|konplikasyon enfektye]] segondè nan operasyon, men tou nan iminodepresyon an pwovoke pa tretman an; * rejè grèf la pa [[sistèm iminitè a]] moun k ap resevwa a, trete pa yon ogmantasyon nan tretman imunosuppressive. Rejè sa a sitou dyagnostike pa yon byopsi andomiokad (pran yon ti echantiyon nan vantrikul dwat la lè l sèvi avèk yon sond pozisyone anba kontwòl radyografi). Yon metòd altènatif se deteksyon sèten jèn nan selil mononikleyè san yo ki gen prezans oswa absans ki gen anpil rapò ak ensidan rejè a<ref>{{en}} Deng MC, Eisen HJ, Mehra MR {{and al.}} [http ://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118591961/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 "Diskriminasyon non-invasive nan rejè nan moun k ap resevwa allograft kadyak lè l sèvi avèk profilage ekspresyon jèn"] ''Am J Transplant.' ' 2006;6:150 -160</ref>. Dènye metòd sa a sanble serye tankou byopsi andomiokad e li ka ranplase dènye a<ref>{{en}} Pham MX, Teuteberg JJ, Kfoury AG {{et al.}} [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/ content/abstract/362/20/1890 “Gene-expression Profiling for rejection surveillance after heart transplantation”] ''N Eng J Med.'' 2010;362:1890-1900</ref>. Rejè pi komen nan premye mwa yo apre transplantasyon; * ensidan an nan [[kansè]], segondè nan iminodepresyon sa a, se posib tou e li konstitye dezyèm kòz lanmò nan moun ki resevwa transplantasyon ki gen transplantasyon ki gen plis pase 5 ane<ref name="jhlt2007"/>. Nan tèm mwayen an, [[aterom]] nan grèf la parèt<ref>{{en}} Valantine H, [http://www.jhltonline.org/article/S1053-2498(04)00156-1/abstract “ Vaskulopati alogref kadyak apre transplantasyon kè: faktè risk ak jesyon »] ''J Heart Lung Transplant.'' 2004;23:S187–S193</ref>: [[coronary artery|coronary artery]] (ki fè pati kè donatè a. ) etwat epi yo vin bloke, ki mennen nan [[enfaktis myokad]] ak degradasyon grèf. Mekanis li yo rete enkoni. == Asistans ventrikilè == Lè kondisyon pasyan an, ki mande yon transplantasyon kè, deteryore twò vit pou li rezonab tann yon donatè, [[asistans ventrikulè]] ka mete an plas. Li se yon ponp mekanik ki asire pwodiksyon kadyak pou, pafwa, plizyè mwa. Nan ka ki ra, repoze kè pasyan an pèmèt rekiperasyon fonksyon li epi kidonk retire asistans ventrikulè san yo pa bezwen transplantasyon<ref>{{en}} Emma J. Birks, Patrick D. Tansley, James Hardy, Robert S. George, Christopher T. Bowles, Margaret Burke, Nicholas R. Banner, Asghar Khaghani, Magdi H. Yacoub [https://web.archive.org/web/20030403202939/http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/ 355/18/1873 “Left Ventricular Assist Device and Drug Therapy pou ranvèse echèk kè”] ''New Eng J Med''. 2006, 355:1873-1884</ref>. Nan lòt ka, ponp lan konplètman ranplase kè malad la ke yo retire. Lè sa a, li se yon [[kè atifisyèl]] ki gen pi bon modèl li te ye a rete ''Jarvik'' (yo te rele apre envanteur li a [[Robert Jarvik]]) e ki gen premye modèl ki soti nan fen ane 1980 yo. Pronostik la, sepandan , rete pòv ak prèske 50% mòtalite nan yon ane men pèmèt yon retounen lakay ou nan youn nan de ka<ref>{{en}} Hernandez AF, Shea AM, Milano CA {{et al. }} [http://jama .ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/300/20/2398 “Rezilta alontèm ak depans aparèy asistans ventrikulè pami benefisyè Medicare”] ''JAMA'' 2008;300 :2398-2406</ref> . Premye modèl yo te nan kalite pulsatile, imite kontraksyon ritmik kè a. Modèl ki pi resan yo se koule kontinyèl, koule a te asire pa yon ponp rotary<ref>{{en}} Miller LW, Pagani FD, Russell SD. {{et al.}} HeartMate {{II}} Envestigatè klinik yo, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100215010543/http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/357/9/885 "Itilizasyon yon aparèy koule kontinyèl nan pasyan k ap tann kè transplantation”] ''N Engl J Med''. 2007;357:885–896</ref>. == Aktivite espò apre transplantasyon == Yon Alman, Elmar Sprink, ki te fè yon transplantasyon kè an 2012, te rive fini [[ironman]] nan [[Hawaii]] an 2017<ref>{{de}}http://www.bild.de/sport / mehr-sport/extremsport/ist-es-nicht-verrueckt-mit-neuem-herzen-extremsport-zu-machen-52631056.bild.html</ref>(3.8 km naje, 180 km monte bisiklèt ak 42.192 km kouri). Li patisipe nan {{lien|lang=de|Transalpine-Run}}, ansanm ak nan World Transplant Games<ref>{{de}} https://www.tritime-magazin.de/2017/07/ weltmeister-mit-spenderherz/</ref>. == Gen kèk transplantasyon pi popilè == * [[Emmanuel Vitria]], te transplante'l nan [[1968]] e li te mouri 19 an apre. * [[Charlotte Valandrey]], [[Aktè|aktris]] franse. * [[Max Meynier]], animatè radyo franse ak aktè transplante'tèt an 1990 e ankò an 2002 (kè/ren). == Transplantasyon kè nan zèv fiksyon == Sa a se tèm prensipal liv ''[[Repairing the Living]]'' [[Maylis de Kerangal]], ki te pibliye an 2014, ak [[Repairing the Living (film)|fim]] ki enspire pa li. , lage nan 2016. Nan seri Netflix ''[[Chambers (seri TV, 2019)|Chambers]]'' ki te pibliye nan {{dat-|26 avril 2019}} (10 epizòd pou premye sezon an), thriller kote eroin prensipal la ap viv avèk yo. kè transplantasyon yon jèn fanm ki blese. Manga [[Angel Heart]] prezante yon jèn fi ki te resevwa kè [[Kaori Makimura]] li menm, eroin nan seri [[City Hunter]]. == Nòt ak referans == {{Références}} == Bibliyografi == * {{en}} Hunt S. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081015221836/http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/355/3/231 “Taking Heart — Cardiac Transplantation Past, Present, and Future”] ''Nouvo Eng J Med.'' 2006, 355:231-235. [[Kategori:Tretman chirijikal sistèm kadyovaskilè]] [[Kategori:Transplantasyon medikal]] [[Kategori:medsin]] [[Kategori:Pwojè:Krepisaj Wikipedya]] [[Kategori:Pou korije]] 9oavhb0auubl6cmi2vk9i4iq9bnmke3 867973 867972 2025-06-01T05:07:24Z Diego Agado 34785 867973 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Heart transplant.jpg|thumb|Dyagram nan yon kè ki transplante]] Transplantasyon kè, oswa transplantasyon kè, se yon entèvansyon [[operasyon|chirijikal]] ki konsiste de ranplase yon [[kè]] malad pa yon kè ki an sante, yo pran nan men yon donatè ki gen menm gwoup san an. == Istwa == [[File:Christaan Barnard (1968).jpg|vignette|[[Christiaan Barnard]], youn nan pyonye transplantasyon kè.]] Premye transplantasyon kè a te fè {{date-|18 janvye 1964}} pa {{Link |language=en|trad=James Hardy (chirijyen)|fr=James Hardy (chirijyen)|text=James Hardy}}, [[operasyon kè|chirijyen Ameriken]] nan [[Jackson (Mississippi)|Jackson]] nan [[Etazini]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thelancet.com/|title=The Lancet {{!}} The best science for better lives|access-date=2025-06-01}}</ref> Se te yon [[xenograft]] kadyak: kè yon chenpanze te transplante'tèt nan yon pasyan ki gen ensifizans kadyak nan etap final la. Entèvansyon sa a se te yon echèk paske kè a, ki gen gwosè pa apwopriye pou bati yon adilt, te fonksyone pou apeprè inèdtan. [[Christiaan Barnard]], [[chirijyen kadyak|chirijyen kadyak]] te fè premye transplantasyon kè lè l sèvi avèk yon kè imen nan [[Cape Town|Cape Town]], Lafrik di sid, nan {{date-|3 desanm 1967 }}. Li te swiv pa [[Norman Shumway]] Ozetazini kèk mwa apre. An [[Frans]], pyonye yo se pwofesè [[Christian Cabrol]], [[Gérard Guiraudon]] ak [[Maurice Mercadier]] nan lopital [[pitié-Salpêtrière]], nan {{Dat-|27 |Avril|1968. }}. Pasyan an, Clovis Roblain, {{nobr|66 ane}}, te siviv sèlman {{nobr|53 èdtan}} transplantasyon an te fè lè l sèvi avèk metòd Barnard pou [[suture (medsin)|suture]] ak yon nouvo metòd pou prezèvasyon kè a te pran nan men donatè a pa perfusion nan [[atè kowonè|atè kowonè]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Greffe du coeur à Paris {{!}} INA|url=https://www.ina.fr/ina-eclaire-actu/video/caf91020410/greffe-du-coeur-a-paris|language=fr}}</ref> Misye Noêl Moissonnier, ki fèt nan Lyon, ki gen 34 an, ki soti nan Lons-le-Saunier, katriyèm ann Frans, te transplante'l nan Lyon nan {{dat-|11 novanm 1968}}. Travay sa a te fèt pa ekip Pwofesè Michaud nan klinik operasyon kadyak la. Plizyè nan manm li yo te ale nan Cape Town al rankontre Pwofesè Barnard. Gen kèk te panse ke kree franse a ta dwe fèt nan Lyon. Doktè Lyon yo te evite fè kòmantè sou operasyon an, retire nenpòt lespri konpetisyon ak pote l 'tounen nan reyalite a nan tan an, sa ki nan yon pwosedi medikal ki grav ak ki riske anpil. [[Edmond Henry (chirijyen)|Edmond Henry]] ak ekip li a, k ap travay pou Pwofesè Jouve nan klinik Cantini nan [[Marseille]], transplantasyon [[Emmanuel Vitria]] nan {{dat-|27 novanm}} sa a. menm ane. Pasyan sa a ap viv {{nobr|18 ane}} {{nobr|5 mwa}} ak {{nobr|13 jou}} apre pwosedi sa a. Premye moun ki resevwa transplantasyon yo, ak eksepsyon ki ra, pa t 'siviv plis pase kèk semèn apre operasyon an, sitou akòz pwoblèm nan nan rejè: reyaksyon nan lame a kont grèf la konsidere kòm yon kò etranje. Ane 1970 yo te wè de pwogrè enpòtan: prezèvasyon kè donatè grasa frèt, sa ki te pèmèt pran echantiyon yo te fè nan yon distans ak sit transplantasyon an, ak byopsi andomyokad ki te pèmèt dyagnostik bonè nan rejè: yo prezante yon sond anba kontwòl radyolojik ak anba anestezi lokal. nan yon gwo venn epi pouse nan vantrikul dwat la, sa ki pèmèt yo pran yon ti moso ki egzamine anba yon mikwoskòp. Ane 1980 yo te wè aparans premye transplantasyon kè-poumon yo ansanm ak premye kè atifisyèl yo, pi souvan yo te plase pandan y ap tann yon kè konpatib. [[Cyclosporin]], yon imunosuppressant pwisan, te parèt pandan menm peryòd la, ki fè li posib pou amelyore siyifikativman lavi pasyan transplantasyon yo. An 1986, pwofesè [[Alain Carpentier]] ak [[Gilles Dreyfus]] te fè premye transplantasyon yon pasyan ki gen yon kè atifisyèl an Ewòp (''{{Lang|en|Lancet}}'')<ref> {{en}} [http://www.biomedexperts.com/Abstract.bme/2873392/Heterotopic_artificial_heart_as_bridge_to_cardiac_transplantation « {{Lang|en|Heterotopic atifisyèl kè kòm pon nan transplantasyon kadyak}} »] {{Lien archive|url=http://www.biomedexperts.com/Abstract.bme/2873392/Heterotopic_artificial_heart_as_bridge_to_cardiac_transplantation |timestamp archive=20150923190229 |title=Kopi achiv }}</ref>. Nan {{date-|7 janvye 2022}}, yo fè yon transplantasyon kè soti nan yon kochon jenetikman modifye nan [[Baltimore]], Ozetazini<ref>{{Web link |language=fr-FR | title= Transplantasyon kè soti nan bèt a moun: kòman yon Ameriken viv kounye a ak kè yon kochon |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/soigner/don-d-orgues/transplantation- heart-from-animal-to -man-koman-yon-ameriken-kounye-a-viv-ak-kè-kochon-a-kochon_4912503.html |sit=Franceinfo |dat=2022-01-12 |konsilte sou =2022-01-12}}</ref>. Sepandan, pasyan an te mouri de mwa apre, apre yon deteryorasyon toudenkou nan kondisyon li kèk jou pi bonè. Li te soufri tou de "episod enfektye souvan," dapre Muhammad Mohiuddin, direktè syantifik nan pwogram ksenotransplantasyon nan University of Maryland Hospital. Dapre lopital la, [[xenograft]] nan kesyon an sepandan "te travay trè byen pandan plizyè semèn"<ref>{{Lyen web |language=fr-FR |title=Premye pasyan transplante'tèt ak yon kè kochon mouri , de mwa. apre operasyon li |url=https://www.santemagazine.fr/actualites/actualites-traitement/le-premier-patient-greffe-avec-un-coeur-de-porc-est-mort-deux-mois -after- his-operation-910447 |sit=Santé Magazine |dat=2022-03-10 |konsilte sou=2022-04-22}}</ref>. == Endikasyon == Transplantasyon kè yo ofri bay pasyan ki gen ensifizans kadyak grav ak irevokabl, pou moun esperans lavi limite. Yo fè yon evalyasyon konplè medikal ak sikolojik pou chèche konnen si gen lòt maladi ki ka fè li difisil pou kontwole oswa preskri sèten medikaman. Apre diskisyon sou dosye a, pasyan an "mete sou lis transplantasyon an": Lè sa a, li gen anpil chans yo dwe rele nan nenpòt ki lè nan jounen an oswa nan mitan lannwit epi yo dwe ale nan sant transplantasyon an pi vit ke posib. Transplantasyon kè rete esansyèlman limite pa disponiblite ki ba nan grèf [[ògàn]] bay yo. Kantite moun ki resevwa transplantasyon ({{formatnum:3500}} chak ane atravè lemond) ap stagnation pandan bezwen yo ap ogmante. == Teknik == Prèske tout kè moun k ap resevwa a retire apre yo fin mete yon sikilasyon ranplasman ([[siilasyon ekstra-kòporèl]]): se sèlman do kay [[atrium (anatomy)|atrium]] gòch la ki konsève , ak kat venn poumon li yo. Lè sa a, yo mete kè donatè a an plas epi li koud nan lòt gwo veso yo ([[aorta]], [[atè poumon]], venn kava [[vena kava siperyè|siperyè]], ak venn kava [[enferyè|pi ba] ]), osi byen ke do kay la nan atrium gòch la. == Evolisyon == Pwobabilite pou siviv rive nan prèske 90% nan yon ane ak yon lavi souvan depase dis ane<ref name="jhlt2007">{{en}} Taylor DO, Edwards LB, Boucek MM {{et al.} } [http:/ /www.jhltonline.org/article/S1053-2498(07)00506-2/fulltext “Rejis Sosyete entènasyonal pou transplantasyon kè ak poumon: vennkatriyèm rapò ofisyèl sou transplantasyon kè adilt—2007”] ' 'J Heart Lung Transplant .'' 2007;26:769–781</ref>. Konplikasyon prensipal yo se menm jan ak tout transplantasyon: * [[maladi enfeksyon|konplikasyon enfektye]] segondè nan operasyon, men tou nan iminodepresyon an pwovoke pa tretman an; * rejè grèf la pa [[sistèm iminitè a]] moun k ap resevwa a, trete pa yon ogmantasyon nan tretman imunosuppressive. Rejè sa a sitou dyagnostike pa yon byopsi andomiokad (pran yon ti echantiyon nan vantrikul dwat la lè l sèvi avèk yon sond pozisyone anba kontwòl radyografi). Yon metòd altènatif se deteksyon sèten jèn nan selil mononikleyè san yo ki gen prezans oswa absans ki gen anpil rapò ak ensidan rejè a<ref>{{en}} Deng MC, Eisen HJ, Mehra MR {{and al.}} [http ://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118591961/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 "Diskriminasyon non-invasive nan rejè nan moun k ap resevwa allograft kadyak lè l sèvi avèk profilage ekspresyon jèn"] ''Am J Transplant.' ' 2006;6:150 -160</ref>. Dènye metòd sa a sanble serye tankou byopsi andomiokad e li ka ranplase dènye a<ref>{{en}} Pham MX, Teuteberg JJ, Kfoury AG {{et al.}} [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/ content/abstract/362/20/1890 “Gene-expression Profiling for rejection surveillance after heart transplantation”] ''N Eng J Med.'' 2010;362:1890-1900</ref>. Rejè pi komen nan premye mwa yo apre transplantasyon; * ensidan an nan [[kansè]], segondè nan iminodepresyon sa a, se posib tou e li konstitye dezyèm kòz lanmò nan moun ki resevwa transplantasyon ki gen transplantasyon ki gen plis pase 5 ane<ref name="jhlt2007"/>. Nan tèm mwayen an, [[aterom]] nan grèf la parèt<ref>{{en}} Valantine H, [http://www.jhltonline.org/article/S1053-2498(04)00156-1/abstract “ Vaskulopati alogref kadyak apre transplantasyon kè: faktè risk ak jesyon »] ''J Heart Lung Transplant.'' 2004;23:S187–S193</ref>: [[coronary artery|coronary artery]] (ki fè pati kè donatè a. ) etwat epi yo vin bloke, ki mennen nan [[enfaktis myokad]] ak degradasyon grèf. Mekanis li yo rete enkoni. == Asistans ventrikilè == Lè kondisyon pasyan an, ki mande yon transplantasyon kè, deteryore twò vit pou li rezonab tann yon donatè, [[asistans ventrikulè]] ka mete an plas. Li se yon ponp mekanik ki asire pwodiksyon kadyak pou, pafwa, plizyè mwa. Nan ka ki ra, repoze kè pasyan an pèmèt rekiperasyon fonksyon li epi kidonk retire asistans ventrikulè san yo pa bezwen transplantasyon<ref>{{en}} Emma J. Birks, Patrick D. Tansley, James Hardy, Robert S. George, Christopher T. Bowles, Margaret Burke, Nicholas R. Banner, Asghar Khaghani, Magdi H. Yacoub [https://web.archive.org/web/20030403202939/http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/ 355/18/1873 “Left Ventricular Assist Device and Drug Therapy pou ranvèse echèk kè”] ''New Eng J Med''. 2006, 355:1873-1884</ref>. Nan lòt ka, ponp lan konplètman ranplase kè malad la ke yo retire. Lè sa a, li se yon [[kè atifisyèl]] ki gen pi bon modèl li te ye a rete ''Jarvik'' (yo te rele apre envanteur li a [[Robert Jarvik]]) e ki gen premye modèl ki soti nan fen ane 1980 yo. Pronostik la, sepandan , rete pòv ak prèske 50% mòtalite nan yon ane men pèmèt yon retounen lakay ou nan youn nan de ka<ref>{{en}} Hernandez AF, Shea AM, Milano CA {{et al. }} [http://jama .ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/300/20/2398 “Rezilta alontèm ak depans aparèy asistans ventrikulè pami benefisyè Medicare”] ''JAMA'' 2008;300 :2398-2406</ref> . Premye modèl yo te nan kalite pulsatile, imite kontraksyon ritmik kè a. Modèl ki pi resan yo se koule kontinyèl, koule a te asire pa yon ponp rotary<ref>{{en}} Miller LW, Pagani FD, Russell SD. {{et al.}} HeartMate {{II}} Envestigatè klinik yo, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100215010543/http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/357/9/885 "Itilizasyon yon aparèy koule kontinyèl nan pasyan k ap tann kè transplantation”] ''N Engl J Med''. 2007;357:885–896</ref>. == Aktivite espò apre transplantasyon == Yon Alman, Elmar Sprink, ki te fè yon transplantasyon kè an 2012, te rive fini [[ironman]] nan [[Hawaii]] an 2017<ref>{{de}}http://www.bild.de/sport / mehr-sport/extremsport/ist-es-nicht-verrueckt-mit-neuem-herzen-extremsport-zu-machen-52631056.bild.html</ref>(3.8 km naje, 180 km monte bisiklèt ak 42.192 km kouri). Li patisipe nan {{lien|lang=de|Transalpine-Run}}, ansanm ak nan World Transplant Games<ref>{{de}} https://www.tritime-magazin.de/2017/07/ weltmeister-mit-spenderherz/</ref>. == Gen kèk transplantasyon pi popilè == * [[Emmanuel Vitria]], te transplante'l nan [[1968]] e li te mouri 19 an apre. * [[Charlotte Valandrey]], [[Aktè|aktris]] franse. * [[Max Meynier]], animatè radyo franse ak aktè transplante'tèt an 1990 e ankò an 2002 (kè/ren). == Transplantasyon kè nan zèv fiksyon == Sa a se tèm prensipal liv ''[[Repairing the Living]]'' [[Maylis de Kerangal]], ki te pibliye an 2014, ak [[Repairing the Living (film)|fim]] ki enspire pa li. , lage nan 2016. Nan seri Netflix ''[[Chambers (seri TV, 2019)|Chambers]]'' ki te pibliye nan {{dat-|26 avril 2019}} (10 epizòd pou premye sezon an), thriller kote eroin prensipal la ap viv avèk yo. kè transplantasyon yon jèn fanm ki blese. Manga [[Angel Heart]] prezante yon jèn fi ki te resevwa kè [[Kaori Makimura]] li menm, eroin nan seri [[City Hunter]]. == Nòt ak referans == {{Références}} == Bibliyografi == * {{en}} Hunt S. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081015221836/http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/355/3/231 “Taking Heart — Cardiac Transplantation Past, Present, and Future”] ''Nouvo Eng J Med.'' 2006, 355:231-235. [[Kategori:Tretman chirijikal sistèm kadyovaskilè]] [[Kategori:Transplantasyon medikal]] [[Kategori:medsin]] [[Kategori:Pwojè:Krepisaj Wikipedya]] [[Kategori:Pou korije]] iq3b8nuqb15gys4zz2izemmnhtjm2yr 0 88691 867932 849693 2025-05-31T08:21:52Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Sina Sinry}} {{DISPLAYTITLE:Sina Sinry}} {{Infobox Biyografi|dat nesans=1371|lye nesans=Tehran|aktivite=antreprenè ak ekspè nan biznis entènasyonal|non=sina sinry}} Sina Sinry (fèt nan 1371, [[Teheran|Tehran]]) se yon antreprenè ak ekspè nan biznis entènasyonal nan [[Staffordshire University Angletè - branch Malezi.]] Apre li te fini inivèsite nan Malezi, Sina Sinry te travay nan yon konpayi E-Commerce, men apre yon ane, li te chanje travay li e li te kòmanse aktivite li nan yon konpayi Chinwa aktif nan jaden an nan konstriksyon ak rezèv nan materyèl bilding. Li te an menm tan an ke li te fè konesans ak konsèp nan biznis la pou premye fwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myfxzone.com/sina-sinry/|title=بیوگرافی سینا سینری|website=مای اف اکس زون|language=fa-IR|access-date=2023-11-13}}</ref> Li te aprann anpil enfòmasyon nan men bòs nan travay li e nan entre-temps la, li reyalize ke li pa te enterese nan travay pou yon lòt moun. Kritè li pi renmen pou yon travay ideyal yo se kondisyon travay sou entènèt, pa bezwen prezans fizik, pa gen restriksyon lè ak kote, elatriye.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://irfoundr.com/sina-sinry/|title=بیوگرافی سینا سینری کارآفرین و میلیونر ایرانی E-Commerce|last=تحریریه|first=تیم|date=2022-08-09|website=ایران فاندر|language=fa-IR|access-date=2023-11-13}}</ref> Li te kontinye travay li pou de ane malgre difikilte yo ak kondisyon difisil, ak nan fen koperasyon li ak konpayi Chinwa a, li te eseye etabli fondasyon yo nan biznis li. Finalman, li te chwazi enpòte ak ekspòtasyon biznis ak ofisyèlman te kòmanse aktivite li pa enpòte [[fwi]] soti nan [[Malezi]] nan [[Iran]]. Apre kòmansman siksè sa a, li te di orevwa nan konpayi Chinwa a epi li te anrejistre premye konpayi pèsonèl li konsantre sou ekspòte ak enpòte fwi nan Iran. Nan premye ane yo, li te kapab devlope konpayi li a ak kolabore ak divès kalite mak nan Iran, men biznis li te toujou limite pa tan ak kote. Apa de sa, li te soufri akòz egzistans lan nan sanksyon ekonomik ak ogmantasyon siyifikatif nan pri a nan dola nan Iran. Sina Sinry te aji kreyativite nan domèn maketing ak piblisite sou Instagram e li te kapab prezante pwodwi enpòte li yo nan tout Iran; Nan limit ki lavant yo chak mwa pou pwodwi sa yo rive sou 7 a 8 mil dola. Sina Sinry te kontinye biznis li ak tout defi li yo jiskaske apre 18 mwa, li te kapab reyalize dosye rèv la nan yon milyon dola nan lavant sou entènèt, ak nan fason sa a, li te resevwa 2 estati nan kwaze dosye lavant sou entènèt nan men Empire Builders Academy of. [[Amerik]] ak plizyè atik li ak entèvyou te pibliye. == Referans == {{CLEFDETRI:Sina Sinry}} [[Kategori:Moun k ap viv]] [[Kategori:Antreprenè]] [[Kategori:Biznismann ameriken]] <references /> [[Kategori:Pou reli]] 392sgejqyxz6ztw26hxivtn8qy57yc8 10 88897 867885 833559 2025-05-29T17:25:29Z Kitanago 19629 867885 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span class="nowrap"><!-- -->{{#if: {{{1|}}} | {{#if:{{{alignement|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{{1}}}<=9|{{0}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#expr:{{{1}}}}}&nbsp;{{abréviation discrète|è|è{{#ifexpr:{{{1}}}<=1||}}}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{2|}}} | &nbsp; }} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{2|}}} | {{#if:{{{alignement|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{{2}}}<=9|{{0}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#expr:{{{2}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{3|}}} {{{durée|}}} {{#if: {{{1|}}} | | oui }} | &nbsp;{{abréviation discrète|min|minit{{#ifexpr:{{{2}}}<=1||s}}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{3|}}} | &nbsp; }} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{3|}}} | {{#if:{{{alignement|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{{3}}}<=9|{{0}}}}}}<!-- -->{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{{3}}}}}}}&nbsp;{{abréviation discrète|s|segond{{#ifexpr:{{{3}}}<=1||s}}}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{4|}}} | &nbsp;{{{4}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{fuseau|}}} | &nbsp;{{{fuseau}}} }}<!-- --></span></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> eyevak4jpku4uujgjrljx3rosfurxnn 0 89659 867976 839552 2025-06-01T05:09:35Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ekriven | zèv prensipal = * ''Feminis oswa lanmò'' (1974) * ''Fanm anvan patriyachi'' (1976) * '' Ekoloji, feminis '' (1978) * ''Louise Michel la Canaque'' (1985) }} '''Françoise d'Eaubonne''', ki fèt Françoise Marie-Thérèse Piston d'Eaubonne nan {{dat nesans|12|3|1920|nan literati}} nan [[Pari]] e li te mouri nan menm vil la sou {{dat lanmò|3|8|2005|nan literati}}, se yon [[fanm lèt]] [[Frans|Fransè]], [[womansye]], [[filozòf]], [[rezatè]] ak [[biyograf]], [[aktivis]] [[liberatè feminis]] ak [[ekofeminis]]. == Biyografi == === Fanmi ak anfans === Françoise d'Eaubonne, ki fèt an 1920, se twazyèm nan kat pitit Étienne Piston d'Eaubonne ak Rosita Martinez Franco. Youn nan sè l yo se ekriven [[Jehanne Jean-Charles]]. Manman li, pitit fi yon lidè [[Karlis (Spain)|Carlist]] Panyòl <ref name="MJB">{{Liv|prenon1=Marie-Josèphe|name1=Bonnet|title=De zanmi yo: redaksyon sou la koup fanm nan atizay|piblikatè=Ed. Blanche|koleksyon=Koleksyon ki dirije pa Franck Spengler|ane=2000|total paj=305|isbn=978-2-911621-94-9|accessed on=2023-10-03}}</ref>{{,}} <ref name="CathSimon">{{Atik|language=fr|title=Françoise d'Eaubonne, yon figi feminis franse|periodical=Le Monde.fr|date=2005-08-05|li sou entènèt=https: //www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2005/08/05/francoise-d-eaubonne-une-figure-du-feminisme-francais_677960_3382.html|accessed on=2023-10-03}}</ref> , se youn nan premye fanm ki te pouswiv etid syantifik nan Fakilte Syans nan Pari, kote li te swiv kou [[Marie Curie]]<ref name=":0">{{Chapit|langue=fr |first name1= Delphine|ti non1=Naudier|prenon2=Marianne|ti non2=Enckell|titre chapitre=EAUBONNE (pa) Françoise [PISTON d'EAUBONNE Françoise, Marie-Thérèse, ke yo rekonèt kòm]|tit liv=Diksyonè anachis|editè=Maitron /Editions de l'Atelier|date=2022-11-28|li sou entènèt=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article156042|accessed on=2023-10-03}}</ref>. Paran li te rankontre nan [[Le Sillon|Sillon]]<ref>{{Book|language=fr|author1=Caroline Goldblum|title=Françoise d'Eaubonne & ecofeminism|place=Paris|editè=Editions Le Passenger clandestine|ane= 2019|total pages=123|pasage=12|isbn=978-2-36935-221-1}}</ref>, mouvman kretyen pwogresis ki te dirije pa [[Marc Sangnier]]. Papa l ', orijinèlman soti nan Brittany, te soti nan yon fanmi nan vwayajè gwo, konte nan mitan zansèt li yo yon navigatè anti-esklavaj soti nan West Indies yo. Li se [[Anarchis Kretyen|Anarchis Kretyen]]. Étienne d'Eaubonne se sekretè jeneral yon konpayi asirans pandan ke Rosita-Mariquita Martinez y Franco entèwonp karyè syantifik li yon fwa marye. Manman l te fè Françoise d'Eaubonne konnen byen bonè inegalite fanm yo te fè eksperyans<ref name=":0">{{Chapit|language=fr|prenon1=Delphine|ti non1=Naudier|prenon2=Marianne| siyati2=Enckell| tit chapit=EAUBONNE (d') Françoise [PISTON d'EAUBONNE Françoise, Marie-Thérèse, ke yo rekonèt kòm]|tit liv=Dictionary of Anarchists|editè=Maitron/Editions de l'Atelier|date=2022- 11-28|li nan liy=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article156042|accessed on=2023-10-03}}</ref>. Anfans Françoise d'Eaubonne nan Toulouse te make pa deperi fizik papa l akòz efè [[gaz]] nan tranche [[Premye Gè Mondyal]] la. Li te gen sèz lè [[Gè espanyòl]] la te pete, ak diznèf lè li te wè Repibliken an egzile yo rive. === Etid ak karyè kòm ekriven (1940-1960) === Françoise d'Eaubonne te kontinye etid li nan Fakilte Lèt ak Fine Arts nan Toulouse. Pandan l te antre nan rezistans kont Nazis, li te pibliye premye powèm li an 1942, ak ''The Heart of Watteau'', premye woman li an 1944<ref name=":0" />. Soti nan laj 20 a 25 an, li te soufri privasyon espesifik nan epòk la epi li te rankontre sivivan jwif ki te retounen soti nan kan yo nan [[Liberasyon Lafrans|Liberasyon]], nan yon gwo estasyon tren Parisyen. Li ta pita rezime santiman li sou peryòd sa a nan lavi li anba tit la evok nan ''Jèn chen fi''. An 1947, li te resevwa Pri Lektè nan men sèk Interallié pou woman li a ''Comme un vol de gyrfalcons''<ref name=sansoser042023>{{Web link |langue=fr |title=Poukisa li Françoise d'Eaubonne, la. yon moun ki te envante konsèp nan "sèkssid"? |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/sans-oser-le-demander/pourquoi-lire-francoise-d-eaubonne-celle-qui-a-invente-le-concept-de-sexocide -9014537 |sit=Lafrans Culture |dat=2023-04-18 |accessed on=2023-04-18}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=Goldblum>Caroline Goldblum, « Françoise d’Eaubonne, à l’origine de la pensée écoféministe », revue ''L'Homme & la Société'', 2017/1-2 (n° 203-204), pages 189 à 202. [https://www.cairn.info/revue-l-homme-et-la-societe-2017-1-page-189.htm lire en ligne].</ref>. Soti nan 1945 e jiska 1956, Françoise d'Eaubonne te yon manm nan [[Pati Kominis franse a]]<ref>{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2021/09/25/the-primary-of-ecologists-installs-ecofeminism-in-the-public-debate_6095945_823448.html |title=Ekofeminism, konsèp sipriz primè anviwònman an |dat=25 septanm 2021|author= Julie Carriat ak Brice Laemle |accessed on=29 septanm 2021|sit=[[Le Monde]]}}.</ref>. Toupre [[Laurent Schwartz (matematisyen)|Laurent Schwartz]], [[Vladimir Jankélévitch]], [[Lucien Goldmann]], li marye ak [[Jacques Aubenque]]<ref name=":0" />. Jèn sa a te mete sou yon pèsonalite [[Ipèsansiblite (sikoloji)|ipèsansibilite]] te mennen l pou l pran yon gade kritik sou mond lan ki t ap fòme aktivis radikal la ak [[feminis|feminis]]. Nan sans sa a, lekti ''Dezyèm Sèks'' Simone de Beauvoir, an 1949, se desizif. Dezan apre, li te defann filozòf la nan pibliye ''Le Complexe de Diane''<ref name=":0" />. An 1953, li te vin manm Konsèy Nasyonal Ekriven yo. Lektè nan Julliard nan ane 1950 yo, nan [[Calmann-Lévy]] nan kòmansman ane 1960 yo, ak nan fen ane 1960 yo nan [[Flammarion group|Flammarion]], li te leve pitit li yo, [[Enndyana|Indiana]] ak Vincent, avèk èd nan men. fanmi li<ref name=":0" />. === Angajman kont lagè Aljeryen an, pou feminis ak kont pèn lanmò (1960-1990) === Li te fè kanpay aktivman kont [[Gè Aljeryen an]] epi nan mwa septanm nan 1960, li te siyen [[Manifès 121 la]], ki rele tou "Deklarasyon sou dwa pou [[ensibòdinasyon]] nan Lagè [[Aljeri|Aljeryen]] an" <ref name=" :3" />. Ko-fondatè [[Mouvman Liberasyon Fanm yo]] (MLF) nan fen ane 1960 yo]], siyatè [[Manifès 343 la]] pou dwa avòtman<ref>« Lis la 343 fanm franse ki te gen kouraj pou yo siyen manifeste a: "Mwen te fè yon avòtman", ''[[Le Nouvel Observateur]]'' n° 334, 5 avril 1971, kouvèti.</ref>, li te lanse a [[Front Omoseksyèl Aksyon Revolisyonè]] (FHAR) ak ekriven ak jounalis [[Guy Hocquenghem]] ak Anne-Marie Grélois nan [[1971]]<ref name="MJB" />{{,}}<ref name ="CathSimon" />, pandan li te sekretè editoryal nan Fléau social<ref name=":1">{{Web link|title=Fonds Françoise d'Eaubonne (1920-2005)|url=https://www.imec-archives.com/fonds/eaubonne-francoise-d/|site=imec-archives.com|date=|konsilte nan=1ye septanm 2018}}.</ref>. Nan MLF la, li dirije tou gwoup "Ekoloji ak feminis"<ref>[[Maïté Albistur]] ak Daniel Armogathe, ''Istwa feminis fransè depi Mwayennaj jiska jounen jodi a'', ed. Fanm, Pari, 1977, {{p.|458}}.</ref>. Nan orijin mo "phallocrate" ak tèm "[[ekofeminis]]" nan [[1974]]<ref name=":2">{{Lien web |otè=Elisabeth Lebovici |tit=Françoise d'Eaubonne , lanmò yon pyonye. |url=https://www.liberation.fr/culture/2005/08/05/francoise-d-eaubonne-mort-d-une-pionniere_528581/ |dat=5 out 2005 |site=liberation.fr |konsilte on =7 Novanm 2022}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lyen Entènèt |author=Lorene Lavocat |title=Françoise d'Eaubonne, pyonye ekofeminis ak patizan sabotaj |url=https: //reporterre.net/Francoise-d-Eaubonne-pionniere-de-l-ecofeminisme-et-adepte-du-sabotage |dat=10 oktòb 2019 |sit=reporterre.net |konsilte le=7 novanm 2022}} .</ref>, li te fonde asosyasyon Ekoloji-Feminis nan [[1978]]. Lavi literè ak aktivis sa a kwaze ak sa [[Violette Leduc]], [[Nathalie Sarraute]]<ref name=":1" />, [[Colette]], [[Jean Cocteau]], [[Simone de Beauvoir]], li te yon bon zanmi, [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]. Zanmi [[Michel Foucault]], Françoise d'Eaubonne pran angajman tou pou dwa prizonye yo e kont [[Peine lanmò an Frans|pèn lanmò]]. Nan dat 6 septanm 1976, li te marye "prizonye Pierre Sanna, nimewo 645 513, nan Fresnes, kondane a ven ane nan prizon pou yon asasina li pa te fè" epi li te anonse sa nan kolòn yo nan jounal la 'Liberasyon': {{block quote|Nan revòlt kont [[klas sosyal|klas la]] kote mwen soti a, mwen vle vire kont li zam li ban mwen yo epi detounen [[Enstitisyon disiplinè|enstitisyon]] ke li sèvi nan klas. ak opresyon sèks. Mwen marye Pierrot [Pierre Sanna] paske li pa janm bese tèt li, pou [[grèv grangou li]] ki te andomaje sante li san rezilta […]; paske li te konprann, kòm lwa komen, dimansyon politik sitiyasyon li a<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1976/09/30/mme-francoise-d-eaubonne-revele-qu- she-married-yon-detenue-of-fresnes_2966389_1819218.html Gade sou ''lemonde.fr''.]</ref>.}} Ane annapre, li te parèt ansanm ak aktè [[Guy Bedos]] ak chantè [[Yvan Dautin]], sou platfòm [[Maison de la Mutualité|Mutualité]], pou mande abolisyon pèn lanmò< non ref = "CathSimon" />. An 1981, li te ko-sipote piblikasyon ''Avis de recherche'' ki te dedye a sipòte konskripsyon ki te ekri nan sèvis militè<ref>{{Article|langue=fr|title=Générique|periodique=Avis de recherche|number= 29|paj. =2|date=15 janvye 1981}}</ref>. Apati 1988, Françoise d'Eaubonne vin sekretè jeneral [[SOS Sexisme]]. Li travay kòm kritik literè sou Radio Mouvance, Paris Pluriel, Paris FM, Radio-Paris ak [[Beur FM|Radio-Beur]] (1989). === Fen lavi ak pitit pitit (1990-2005) === Li te mouri nan Pari nan {{Dat lanmò|3|Out|2005}} epi yo te boule l nan [[simityè Père-Lachaise]], nan Pari<ref name=":2" />. Achiv li yo konsève nan [[Memory Institute of Contemporary Edition]]<ref name=":1"/>. {{"|[[Pa yon jou san liy]]}}: se anba règ eslogan sa a ke otè a te pwodwi plis pase senkant zèv, ''Kolòn nanm nan'' (powèm, [[1942 nan literati|1942]]) nan ''Levanjil Véronique'' (redaksyon, [[2003 nan literati|2003]]) atravè kèk woman [[syans fiksyon]] (''Echipye tan'', ''Rèv nan dife'', ''Sousmaren an espas'', ''Sèt pitit gason zetwal yo''). Li se grann ekriven-direktè [[David Dufresne]]<ref name="Blast"><nowiki>{{article |langue=fr |auteur1=</nowiki>[[Usul (video maker)|Usul]] |auteur2=Ostpolitik |date =09/11/2022 |title= FRANÇOISE D'EAUBONNE, PREMYE EKOFEMINIS LA |periodik=[[Blast (web TV)|Blast]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= jSyO8uWJ4_4 } }</ref>. == Angajman == Françoise d'Eaubonne te fè kanpay pou plizyè kòz, tankou [[Lagè Aljeryen|endepandans Aljeri]] ak [[abolisyon pèn lanmò]]. Men tou, dwa omoseksyèl yo<ref name="Mormin-Chauvac">{{Atik| lang=en| premye non=Léa| non=Mormin-Chauvac| tit=Ekofeminis: Françoise d’Eaubonne, revolisyonè dezi| peryodik=[[Release (newspaper)|Release]]| dat=3 jiyè 2019| li sou entènèt=https://www.liberation.fr/debats/2019/07/03/ecofeminisme-francoise-d-eaubonne-revolutionnaire-du-desir_1737801/|accessed on=2022-10-02}}.</ref>, dekwasans ak sòti nan sistèm kapitalis la, kont maryaj<ref name="Mormin-Chauvac" />, fòs nikleyè ak psikyatrizasyon<ref name=":3">{{Atik|langue=fr|author1 =Christine Rousseau |title=Françoise d'Eaubonne, "radioactive feminist"|periodical=Le monde|date=2/04/2021|pages=26}}.</ref>. === Feminis ak ekoloji === Françoise d'Eaubonne te ko-fondatè [[Mouvman Liberasyon Fanm yo]] (MLF) an 1968. Nan li, li te dirije gwoup "Ecology and Feminism", nan yon moman kote kèk feminis te enterese nan tèm sa a. <ref name=":02">{{Atik|language=fr|author1=Isabelle Cambourakis|title=Ekofeminis Lit ak fanm|periodical=Nati ak Pwogrè|date=Jen-Jiyè-Out 2017|number=113| issn=1632- 3602|li sou entènèt=|paj=18}}.</ref>, Lè sa a, te fonde asosyasyon Ekoloji-Feminis nan [[1978]]. Desine sou teyori [[Serge Moscovici]]<ref>{{Lien web |premye non=Floran |ti non=Augagneur |tit=Serge Moscovici ak nati mouvman anviwònman an, yon epistemoloji psiko-politik |url=http://www.theses.fr/s186541 |site=theses.fr |date=2023-01-21 |konsilte sou=2023-04-29}}</ref>, li se youn nan premye moun ki panse yo te atikile , nan ane 1973-1974, lyen teyorik ak politik ant [[Ekoloji politik|ekoloji]] ak [[feminis]]<ref>{{Atik|language=fr|premye non1=Anne-Line|name1=Gandon| title =Ekofeminis: reflechi feminis sou lanati ak sosyete|periodical=Rechèch feminis|volume=22|number=1|date=2009|issn=0838-4479|issn2=1705-9240|doi=https://doi.org/10.7202/037793ar|li sou entènèt=https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/rf/2009-v22-n1-rf3334/037793ar/|accessed on=2020-04-08|paj =5–25}} .</ref> {{quote|pa postule ke gason {{incise|patriyachi a}} pran sou vant fanm yo ak resous natirèl yo}}<ref name=":02" />. Apre sa, li te kreye mo "[[ekofeminis]]", ke li te defini kòm yon nouvo [[imanis]] ki gen objektif ki pa pran pouvwa a pa fanm, men {{citation|jesyon egalitè a nan 'yon mond ki gen pou rene. }}<ref>{{Liv|language=fr|author1=Françoise d'Eaubonne|title=Feminis oswa lanmò|place=Paris|editè=Horay|ane=1974|pasage=221|isbn =}}.</ref>. Nan lane 1975, li te patisipe nan aktivite [[Ulrike-Meinhof-Puig-Antich komando a]] nan domaj ak de chaj eksplozif, ak konpayon li [[Gérard Hof]]<ref name=":3" />, la. réacteurs nan konstriksyon [[Fessenheim santral fòs nikleyè a]] koze chan konstriksyon an reta plizyè mwa<ref name="Mormin-Chauvac" />. == Prim ak distenksyon == === Pri Literè === * Pri lektè 1947 nan sèk Interallié, pou woman li ''Comme un vol de gyrfalcons''<ref name=sansoser042023/>{{,}}<ref name=Goldblum/> === Dekorasyon === * {{Deco Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters}} (2002)<ref>{{Lyen web |title=Biltin ofisyèl dekorasyon, meday ak prim n°10 nan 28/12/2002 - Légifrance |url =https ://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/liste/bodmr?sortValue=PUBLICATION_DATE_DESC&pageSize=100&page=2&tab_selection=all#bodmr |site=www.legifrance.gouv.fr |accessed on=2023-10-15}}< /Df> == Travay == Pami piblikasyon li yo gen powèm, woman, redaksyon, biyografi. Se la nou jwenn an patikilye "roman syans fiksyon post-patriyakal", radikal pou epòk la<ref name=":02" />, ak woman erotik. === Woman === * ''Kè Watteau'', [[1944 nan literati|1944]] * ''Tankou yon vòl gyrfalcons'', pri lektè [[1947 nan literati|1947]]<ref name=sansoser042023/>{{,}}<ref name=Goldblum/> * ''Jou chalè'', Éditions de Paris, seri blond (erotik), [[1955 nan literati|1955]] * ''The Ministry of Vain Desires'', nouvo edisyon Debresse, [[1955 nan literati|1955]] * ''Belle Humeur or the True Story of Mandrin'', [[1957 nan literati|1957]] * ''Mwen pral krache sou tonm ou yo'', ki baze sou travay sinematografik [[Boris Vian]] ak [[Jacques Dopagne]], [[1959 nan literati|1959]] * ''The Cheaters'' (ki baze sou fim ''[[The Cheaters (film)|The Cheaters]]''), [[1959 nan literati|1959]] * ''Jiska bò gòch la'', [[1963 nan literati|1963]] * ''Yo rele nou teworis'', [[1979 nan literati|1979]] * ''Mwen pa fèt pou m mouri'', [[1982 nan literati|1982]] * ''Teworis's blues'', [[1987 nan literati|1987]] * ''Florali nan dezè a'', [[1995 nan literati|1995]] ==== Syans fiksyon ==== * ''The Chessboard of Time'', [[1962 nan literati|1962]] * ''The Seven Sons of the Star'', [[1962 nan literati|1962]] * ''Rèv dife'', [[1964 nan literati|1964]] * ''The Satellite of the Almond'', [[1975 nan literati|1975]] * ''The Shepherdess of the Apocalypse'', [[1978 nan literati|1978]] * ''Yon kontantman gason'', [[2022]] ==== Pou jèn ==== * ''Les Fiancés du Puits-Doré'', [[Hachette Jeunesse|Hachette]], {{coll|[[Green Library]]}}, [[1961 nan literati|1961]] * ''The Blue Amazon'', Hachette, {{coll|Green Library}}, [[1962 nan literati|1962]] * ''Chevrette and Virginie'', Hachette, {{coll|Green Library}}, [[1958 nan literati|1958]] * ''The Space Submarine'', [[Gautier-Languereau]], {{coll|Nouvelle Bibliothèque de Suzette}}, [[1959 nan literati|1959]] * ''Le Gabier de Surcouf'', Brepols, {{coll|Junior Club}}, [[1959 nan literati|1959]] === Biyografi === * ''Lavi pasyone [[Arthur Rimbaud]]'', [[1957 nan literati|1957]] * ''Lavi pasyone [[Verlaine]]'', [[1959 nan literati|1959]] * ''Lavi [[Frédéric Chopin|Chopin]]'', [[1964 nan literati|1964]] * ''Yon fanm temwen syèk li a, [[Germaine de Staël]]'', [[1966 nan literati|1966]] * ''The Crown of Sand, lavi [[Isabelle Eberhardt]]'', [[1967 nan literati|1967]] * ''The Iron Fan or life of [[Qiu Jin]]'', [[1977 nan literati|1977]] * ''Mwen menm, Kristine, Rèn nan Syèd'', [[1979 nan literati|1979]] * ''The Wouj Empress: Mwen menm, [[Jiang Qing|Jiang King]], vèv Mao'', [[1981 nan literati|1981]] * ''The dark Amazon: life of [[Marie-Antoinette Lix|Antoinette Lix]]'', [[1983 nan literati|1983]] * ''[[Louise Michel]] la Canaque'', [[1985 nan literati|1985]] * ''Yon fanm ki rele Castor'', [[1986 nan literati|1986]] * ''Les Scandaleuses'', [[1990 nan literati|1990]] * ''Levanjil Veronik la'', [[2000 nan literati|2000]] === Tès === * ''Diane's Complex, erotik oswa feminis'', [[1951]] * ''Èske gen gason toujou?'', [[1964]] * ''Eros minorite'', [[1970]] * ''Feminis oswa lanmò'', [[1974]]; wozo. 2020, edisyon Stowaway la, prefas Myriam Bahaffou ak Julie Gorecki ** {{Liv |language=fr |otè1=Françoise d'Eaubonne |prefas=Caroline Lejeune |tit=Nesans ekofeminis |place=Paris/58-Clamecy |editè=[[Presses Universitaires de France]] |ane =2021 |total paj=90 |isbn=978-2-13-082253-0}}. (Tèks sa a se yon chapit santral nan travay li ''Feminis oswa Lanmò''). * ''Fanm anvan patriyachi'', [[1976]] {{isbn|978-2228-1165-03}} * ''Kont vyolans oswa rezistans nan eta a'', [[1978]] * ''Istwa atizay ak lit sèks yo'', [[1978]] * '' Ekoloji/feminis. Revolisyon oswa mitasyon?'', [[1978]]; wozo. 2023, edisyon Stowaway la, prefas Geneviève Pruvost * ''Les Grandes Demi-mondaines'', volim X nan ''Histoire de la gallanterie'', [[1981]] * ''S pou Sekte'', [[1982]] * ''Fanm Ris la'', [[1988]] * ''Feminite ak filozofi: yon alèji istorik'', [[1997]] * ''Lektè a ak lir la'', 1997 * ''Seksosid sorcier yo'', [[1999]] * ''Souvni ki pa ka diminye: soti nan peryòd ant lagè a rive nan ane 2000 la'', edisyon Dagorno, [[2001]] === Powèm === * [[1942]]: ''Kolòn nanm nan'' * [[1951]]: ''Demon ak bèl bagay'' * [[1981]]: ''Ni kote, ni mèt'' === Lòt ekriti === Bwochi ("20 an de manti", kont [[Longo Maï|Kooperativ Longo Maï]], ki te deklanche yon plent pou difamasyon, yon pwosedi ki dire 14 ane), tradiksyon (powèm [[Emily Brontë]]), edisyon kritik nan lèt [[Gustave Flaubert|Flaubert]], anpil prefas, elatriye. Anvan mouri, li te kite yon volim enpresyonan nan memwa, anba atit ''Mémoires irreductibles'', ki rasanble ''Putain de jeunesse'' (ki te pibliye deja anba tit ki pi kòrèk ke piblikatè li a te vle, ''Bitch of youth''), ''The Monsters of Summer''. '', ''The Network Endikatè'' ak ''The Fires of Twilight'', dènye a pa te pibliye deja. == Nòt ak referans == {{Referans}} == Gade tou == === Bibliyografi === * ''Françoise d'Eaubonne & ecofeminism'', redaksyon 53 paj istoryen Caroline Goldblum ak koleksyon tèks Françoise d'Eaubonne, 128 paj, [[The Clandestine Passenger (edisyon)|The Clandestine Passenger] ] koleksyon '' Précurseurs de degrowth'', Paris, 2019, {{ISBN|978-2-36935-221-1}}. * ''The Green Amazon (Roman Françoise d'Eaubonne)'', [[Élise Thiébaut]], edisyon Charleston, 2021, {{ISBN|978-2-36812-610-3}}. === Filmografi === * ''[[The Revolution of Desire]]'', dokimantè [[Alessandro Avellis]], 2006 {{commentary|Omaj bay Françoise d'Eaubonne ki trase istwa [[Front Aksyon Revolisyonè omoseksyèl la] ] (FHAR ) osi byen ke lyen li yo ak [[Guy Hocquenghem]].}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSyO8uWJ4_4 Françoise d'Eaubonne, Premye ekofeminis la] pòtrè [[Usul (videyograf)|Usul]] ak Ostpolitik pou [[Blast (web TV)|Blast ]] * {{Lyen videyo| title=Françoise d'Eaubonne, yon sezon ekofeminis | url=https://www.france.tv/france-3/grand-est/la-france-en-vrai-grand-est/4658812-francoise-d-eaubonne-une-epopee-ecofeministe.html| moun=Manon Aubel (direktè)|dat=11 desanm 2023|mwayen=pwodiksyon televizyon|chanèl=[[Frans 3]]|dire=53 min}} === Atik ki gen rapò === * [[Ekofeminis]] * [[Lis otè syans fiksyon]] === Lyen ekstèn === {{Liens}} * [https://laviedesidees.fr/L-ecofeminisme-de-Francoise-d-Eaubonne.html "Ekofeminis Françoise d'Eaubonne" - "Lavi lide"] * {{YouTube|id=2UE_WGDosC0|title=Feminis oswa lanmò, Françoise d'Eaubonne|channel=Game Of Hearth}} * [https://www.francoise-d-eaubonne.org/ Sit ki dedye ak nouvèl alantou Françoise d’Eaubonne] {{CLEDETRI:Eaubonne, Francoise d}} [[Kategori:Romanye franse 20yèm syèk la]] [[Kategori:Romanye franse syans fiksyon]] [[Kategori:20yèm syèk feminis franse]] [[Kategori:Siyatè Manifès 343 la]] [[Kategori:Aktif pou dwa LGBT an Frans]] [[Kategori: Pèsonalite Pati Kominis Fransè a]] [[Kategori:Feminis libètè franse]] [[Kategori:Nesans an mas 1920]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan 17yèm awondisman Paris]] [[Kategori:Lamò nan mwa Out 2005]] [[Kategori:Lamò nan laj 85 an]] [[Kategori:Lamò nan 14yèm awondisman Pari]] [[Kategori:Ekriven syans fiksyon feminis franse]] [[Kategori:Filozòf feminis]] [[Kategori:filozòf franse]] [[Kategori:Feminis fransèz]] [[Kategori:Atis feminis]] [[Kategori:Ekofeminis]] [[Kategori:Ofisye Atizay ak Lèt]] h2d3j9e7cov2v4epr3s287llmtmf6a3 867977 867976 2025-06-01T05:11:04Z Diego Agado 34785 867977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ekriven | zèv prensipal = * ''Feminis oswa lanmò'' (1974) * ''Fanm anvan patriyachi'' (1976) * '' Ekoloji, feminis '' (1978) * ''Louise Michel la Canaque'' (1985) }} '''Françoise d'Eaubonne''', ki fèt Françoise Marie-Thérèse Piston d'Eaubonne nan {{dat nesans|12|3|1920|nan literati}} nan [[Pari]] e li te mouri nan menm vil la sou {{dat lanmò|3|8|2005|nan literati}}, se yon [[fanm lèt]] [[Frans|Fransè]], [[womansye]], [[filozòf]], [[rezatè]] ak [[biyograf]], [[aktivis]] [[liberatè feminis]] ak [[ekofeminis]]. == Biyografi == === Fanmi ak anfans === Françoise d'Eaubonne, ki fèt an 1920, se twazyèm nan kat pitit Étienne Piston d'Eaubonne ak Rosita Martinez Franco. Youn nan sè l yo se ekriven [[Jehanne Jean-Charles]]. Manman li, pitit fi yon lidè [[Karlis (Spain)|Carlist]] Panyòl <ref name="MJB">{{Liv|prenon1=Marie-Josèphe|name1=Bonnet|title=De zanmi yo: redaksyon sou la koup fanm nan atizay|piblikatè=Ed. Blanche|koleksyon=Koleksyon ki dirije pa Franck Spengler|ane=2000|total paj=305|isbn=978-2-911621-94-9|accessed on=2023-10-03}}</ref>{{,}} <ref name="CathSimon">{{Atik|language=fr|title=Françoise d'Eaubonne, yon figi feminis franse|periodical=Le Monde.fr|date=2005-08-05|li sou entènèt=https: //www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2005/08/05/francoise-d-eaubonne-une-figure-du-feminisme-francais_677960_3382.html|accessed on=2023-10-03}}</ref> , se youn nan premye fanm ki te pouswiv etid syantifik nan Fakilte Syans nan Pari, kote li te swiv kou [[Marie Curie]]<ref name=":0">{{Chapit|langue=fr |first name1= Delphine|ti non1=Naudier|prenon2=Marianne|ti non2=Enckell|titre chapitre=EAUBONNE (pa) Françoise [PISTON d'EAUBONNE Françoise, Marie-Thérèse, ke yo rekonèt kòm]|tit liv=Diksyonè anachis|editè=Maitron /Editions de l'Atelier|date=2022-11-28|li sou entènèt=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article156042|accessed on=2023-10-03}}</ref>. Paran li te rankontre nan [[Le Sillon|Sillon]]<ref>{{Book|language=fr|author1=Caroline Goldblum|title=Françoise d'Eaubonne & ecofeminism|place=Paris|editè=Editions Le Passenger clandestine|ane= 2019|total pages=123|pasage=12|isbn=978-2-36935-221-1}}</ref>, mouvman kretyen pwogresis ki te dirije pa [[Marc Sangnier]]. Papa l ', orijinèlman soti nan Brittany, te soti nan yon fanmi nan vwayajè gwo, konte nan mitan zansèt li yo yon navigatè anti-esklavaj soti nan West Indies yo. Li se [[Anarchis Kretyen|Anarchis Kretyen]]. Étienne d'Eaubonne se sekretè jeneral yon konpayi asirans pandan ke Rosita-Mariquita Martinez y Franco entèwonp karyè syantifik li yon fwa marye. Manman l te fè Françoise d'Eaubonne konnen byen bonè inegalite fanm yo te fè eksperyans<ref name=":0">{{Chapit|language=fr|prenon1=Delphine|ti non1=Naudier|prenon2=Marianne| siyati2=Enckell| tit chapit=EAUBONNE (d') Françoise [PISTON d'EAUBONNE Françoise, Marie-Thérèse, ke yo rekonèt kòm]|tit liv=Dictionary of Anarchists|editè=Maitron/Editions de l'Atelier|date=2022- 11-28|li nan liy=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article156042|accessed on=2023-10-03}}</ref>. Anfans Françoise d'Eaubonne nan Toulouse te make pa deperi fizik papa l akòz efè [[gaz]] nan tranche [[Premye Gè Mondyal]] la. Li te gen sèz lè [[Gè espanyòl]] la te pete, ak diznèf lè li te wè Repibliken an egzile yo rive. === Etid ak karyè kòm ekriven (1940-1960) === Françoise d'Eaubonne te kontinye etid li nan Fakilte Lèt ak Fine Arts nan Toulouse. Pandan l te antre nan rezistans kont Nazis, li te pibliye premye powèm li an 1942, ak ''The Heart of Watteau'', premye woman li an 1944<ref name=":0" />. Soti nan laj 20 a 25 an, li te soufri privasyon espesifik nan epòk la epi li te rankontre sivivan jwif ki te retounen soti nan kan yo nan [[Liberasyon Lafrans|Liberasyon]], nan yon gwo estasyon tren Parisyen. Li ta pita rezime santiman li sou peryòd sa a nan lavi li anba tit la evok nan ''Jèn chen fi''. An 1947, li te resevwa Pri Lektè nan men sèk Interallié pou woman li a ''Comme un vol de gyrfalcons''<ref name=sansoser042023>{{Web link |langue=fr |title=Poukisa li Françoise d'Eaubonne, la. yon moun ki te envante konsèp nan "sèkssid"? |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/sans-oser-le-demander/pourquoi-lire-francoise-d-eaubonne-celle-qui-a-invente-le-concept-de-sexocide -9014537 |sit=Lafrans Culture |dat=2023-04-18 |accessed on=2023-04-18}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=Goldblum>Caroline Goldblum, « Françoise d’Eaubonne, à l’origine de la pensée écoféministe », revue ''L'Homme & la Société'', 2017/1-2 (n° 203-204), pages 189 à 202. [https://www.cairn.info/revue-l-homme-et-la-societe-2017-1-page-189.htm lire en ligne].</ref>. Soti nan 1945 e jiska 1956, Françoise d'Eaubonne te yon manm nan [[Pati Kominis franse a]]<ref>{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2021/09/25/the-primary-of-ecologists-installs-ecofeminism-in-the-public-debate_6095945_823448.html |title=Ekofeminism, konsèp sipriz primè anviwònman an |dat=25 septanm 2021|author= Julie Carriat ak Brice Laemle |accessed on=29 septanm 2021|sit=[[Le Monde]]}}.</ref>. Toupre [[Laurent Schwartz (matematisyen)|Laurent Schwartz]], [[Vladimir Jankélévitch]], [[Lucien Goldmann]], li marye ak [[Jacques Aubenque]]<ref name=":0" />. Jèn sa a te mete sou yon pèsonalite [[Ipèsansiblite (sikoloji)|ipèsansibilite]] te mennen l pou l pran yon gade kritik sou mond lan ki t ap fòme aktivis radikal la ak [[feminis|feminis]]. Nan sans sa a, lekti ''Dezyèm Sèks'' Simone de Beauvoir, an 1949, se desizif. Dezan apre, li te defann filozòf la nan pibliye ''Le Complexe de Diane''<ref name=":0" />. An 1953, li te vin manm Konsèy Nasyonal Ekriven yo. Lektè nan Julliard nan ane 1950 yo, nan [[Calmann-Lévy]] nan kòmansman ane 1960 yo, ak nan fen ane 1960 yo nan [[Flammarion group|Flammarion]], li te leve pitit li yo, [[Enndyana|Indiana]] ak Vincent, avèk èd nan men. fanmi li<ref name=":0" />. === Angajman kont lagè Aljeryen an, pou feminis ak kont pèn lanmò (1960-1990) === Li te fè kanpay aktivman kont [[Gè Aljeryen an]] epi nan mwa septanm nan 1960, li te siyen [[Manifès 121 la]], ki rele tou "Deklarasyon sou dwa pou [[ensibòdinasyon]] nan Lagè [[Aljeri|Aljeryen]] an" <ref name=" :3" />. Ko-fondatè [[Mouvman Liberasyon Fanm yo]] (MLF) nan fen ane 1960 yo]], siyatè [[Manifès 343 la]] pou dwa avòtman<ref>« Lis la 343 fanm franse ki te gen kouraj pou yo siyen manifeste a: "Mwen te fè yon avòtman", ''[[Le Nouvel Observateur]]'' n° 334, 5 avril 1971, kouvèti.</ref>, li te lanse a [[Front Omoseksyèl Aksyon Revolisyonè]] (FHAR) ak ekriven ak jounalis [[Guy Hocquenghem]] ak Anne-Marie Grélois nan [[1971]]<ref name="MJB" />{{,}}<ref name ="CathSimon" />, pandan li te sekretè editoryal nan Fléau social<ref name=":1">{{Web link|title=Fonds Françoise d'Eaubonne (1920-2005)|url=https://www.imec-archives.com/fonds/eaubonne-francoise-d/|site=imec-archives.com|date=|konsilte nan=1ye septanm 2018}}.</ref>. Nan MLF la, li dirije tou gwoup "Ekoloji ak feminis"<ref>[[Maïté Albistur]] ak Daniel Armogathe, ''Istwa feminis fransè depi Mwayennaj jiska jounen jodi a'', ed. Fanm, Pari, 1977, {{p.|458}}.</ref>. Nan orijin mo "phallocrate" ak tèm "[[ekofeminis]]" nan [[1974]]<ref name=":2">{{Lien web |otè=Elisabeth Lebovici |tit=Françoise d'Eaubonne , lanmò yon pyonye. |url=https://www.liberation.fr/culture/2005/08/05/francoise-d-eaubonne-mort-d-une-pionniere_528581/ |dat=5 out 2005 |site=liberation.fr |konsilte on =7 Novanm 2022}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lyen Entènèt |author=Lorene Lavocat |title=Françoise d'Eaubonne, pyonye ekofeminis ak patizan sabotaj |url=https: //reporterre.net/Francoise-d-Eaubonne-pionniere-de-l-ecofeminisme-et-adepte-du-sabotage |dat=10 oktòb 2019 |sit=reporterre.net |konsilte le=7 novanm 2022}} .</ref>, li te fonde asosyasyon Ekoloji-Feminis nan [[1978]]. Lavi literè ak aktivis sa a kwaze ak sa [[Violette Leduc]], [[Nathalie Sarraute]]<ref name=":1" />, [[Colette]], [[Jean Cocteau]], [[Simone de Beauvoir]], li te yon bon zanmi, [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]. Zanmi [[Michel Foucault]], Françoise d'Eaubonne pran angajman tou pou dwa prizonye yo e kont [[Peine lanmò an Frans|pèn lanmò]]. Nan dat 6 septanm 1976, li te marye "prizonye Pierre Sanna, nimewo 645 513, nan Fresnes, kondane a ven ane nan prizon pou yon asasina li pa te fè" epi li te anonse sa nan kolòn yo nan jounal la 'Liberasyon': {{block quote|Nan revòlt kont [[klas sosyal|klas la]] kote mwen soti a, mwen vle vire kont li zam li ban mwen yo epi detounen [[Enstitisyon disiplinè|enstitisyon]] ke li sèvi nan klas. ak opresyon sèks. Mwen marye Pierrot [Pierre Sanna] paske li pa janm bese tèt li, pou [[grèv grangou li]] ki te andomaje sante li san rezilta […]; paske li te konprann, kòm lwa komen, dimansyon politik sitiyasyon li a<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1976/09/30/mme-francoise-d-eaubonne-revele-qu- she-married-yon-detenue-of-fresnes_2966389_1819218.html Gade sou ''lemonde.fr''.]</ref>.}} Ane annapre, li te parèt ansanm ak aktè [[Guy Bedos]] ak chantè [[Yvan Dautin]], sou platfòm [[Maison de la Mutualité|Mutualité]], pou mande abolisyon pèn lanmò An 1981, li te ko-sipote piblikasyon ''Avis de recherche'' ki te dedye a sipòte konskripsyon ki te ekri nan sèvis militè<ref>{{Article|langue=fr|title=Générique|periodique=Avis de recherche|number= 29|paj. =2|date=15 janvye 1981}}</ref>. Apati 1988, Françoise d'Eaubonne vin sekretè jeneral [[SOS Sexisme]]. Li travay kòm kritik literè sou Radio Mouvance, Paris Pluriel, Paris FM, Radio-Paris ak [[Beur FM|Radio-Beur]] (1989). === Fen lavi ak pitit pitit (1990-2005) === Li te mouri nan Pari nan {{Dat lanmò|3|Out|2005}} epi yo te boule l nan [[simityè Père-Lachaise]], nan Pari.<ref name=":2" /> Achiv li yo konsève nan [[Memory Institute of Contemporary Edition]].<ref name=":1"/> {{"|[[Pa yon jou san liy]]}}: se anba règ eslogan sa a ke otè a te pwodwi plis pase senkant zèv, ''Kolòn nanm nan'' (powèm, [[1942 nan literati|1942]]) nan ''Levanjil Véronique'' (redaksyon, [[2003 nan literati|2003]]) atravè kèk woman [[syans fiksyon]] (''Echipye tan'', ''Rèv nan dife'', ''Sousmaren an espas'', ''Sèt pitit gason zetwal yo''). Li se grann ekriven-direktè [[David Dufresne]].<ref name="Blast">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/|title=YouTube|language=en|access-date=2025-06-01}}</ref> == Angajman == Françoise d'Eaubonne te fè kanpay pou plizyè kòz, tankou [[Lagè Aljeryen|endepandans Aljeri]] ak [[abolisyon pèn lanmò]]. Men tou, dwa omoseksyèl yo<ref name="Mormin-Chauvac">{{Atik| lang=en| premye non=Léa| non=Mormin-Chauvac| tit=Ekofeminis: Françoise d’Eaubonne, revolisyonè dezi| peryodik=[[Release (newspaper)|Release]]| dat=3 jiyè 2019| li sou entènèt=https://www.liberation.fr/debats/2019/07/03/ecofeminisme-francoise-d-eaubonne-revolutionnaire-du-desir_1737801/|accessed on=2022-10-02}}.</ref>, dekwasans ak sòti nan sistèm kapitalis la, kont maryaj<ref name="Mormin-Chauvac" />, fòs nikleyè ak psikyatrizasyon<ref name=":3">{{Atik|langue=fr|author1 =Christine Rousseau |title=Françoise d'Eaubonne, "radioactive feminist"|periodical=Le monde|date=2/04/2021|pages=26}}.</ref>. === Feminis ak ekoloji === Françoise d'Eaubonne te ko-fondatè [[Mouvman Liberasyon Fanm yo]] (MLF) an 1968. Nan li, li te dirije gwoup "Ecology and Feminism", nan yon moman kote kèk feminis te enterese nan tèm sa a. <ref name=":02">{{Atik|language=fr|author1=Isabelle Cambourakis|title=Ekofeminis Lit ak fanm|periodical=Nati ak Pwogrè|date=Jen-Jiyè-Out 2017|number=113| issn=1632- 3602|li sou entènèt=|paj=18}}.</ref>, Lè sa a, te fonde asosyasyon Ekoloji-Feminis nan [[1978]]. Desine sou teyori [[Serge Moscovici]]<ref>{{Lien web |premye non=Floran |ti non=Augagneur |tit=Serge Moscovici ak nati mouvman anviwònman an, yon epistemoloji psiko-politik |url=http://www.theses.fr/s186541 |site=theses.fr |date=2023-01-21 |konsilte sou=2023-04-29}}</ref>, li se youn nan premye moun ki panse yo te atikile , nan ane 1973-1974, lyen teyorik ak politik ant [[Ekoloji politik|ekoloji]] ak [[feminis]]<ref>{{Atik|language=fr|premye non1=Anne-Line|name1=Gandon| title =Ekofeminis: reflechi feminis sou lanati ak sosyete|periodical=Rechèch feminis|volume=22|number=1|date=2009|issn=0838-4479|issn2=1705-9240|doi=https://doi.org/10.7202/037793ar|li sou entènèt=https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/rf/2009-v22-n1-rf3334/037793ar/|accessed on=2020-04-08|paj =5–25}} .</ref> {{quote|pa postule ke gason {{incise|patriyachi a}} pran sou vant fanm yo ak resous natirèl yo}}<ref name=":02" />. Apre sa, li te kreye mo "[[ekofeminis]]", ke li te defini kòm yon nouvo [[imanis]] ki gen objektif ki pa pran pouvwa a pa fanm, men {{citation|jesyon egalitè a nan 'yon mond ki gen pou rene. }}<ref>{{Liv|language=fr|author1=Françoise d'Eaubonne|title=Feminis oswa lanmò|place=Paris|editè=Horay|ane=1974|pasage=221|isbn =}}.</ref>. Nan lane 1975, li te patisipe nan aktivite [[Ulrike-Meinhof-Puig-Antich komando a]] nan domaj ak de chaj eksplozif, ak konpayon li [[Gérard Hof]]<ref name=":3" />, la. réacteurs nan konstriksyon [[Fessenheim santral fòs nikleyè a]] koze chan konstriksyon an reta plizyè mwa<ref name="Mormin-Chauvac" />. == Prim ak distenksyon == === Pri Literè === * Pri lektè 1947 nan sèk Interallié, pou woman li ''Comme un vol de gyrfalcons''<ref name=sansoser042023/>{{,}}<ref name=Goldblum/> === Dekorasyon === * (2002){{Lyen web |title=Biltin ofisyèl dekorasyon, meday ak prim n°10 nan 28/12/2002 - Légifrance |url =https ://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/liste/bodmr?sortValue=PUBLICATION_DATE_DESC&pageSize=100&page=2&tab_selection=all#bodmr |site=www.legifrance.gouv.fr |accessed on=2023-10-15}} == Travay == Pami piblikasyon li yo gen powèm, woman, redaksyon, biyografi. Se la nou jwenn an patikilye "roman syans fiksyon post-patriyakal", radikal pou epòk la<ref name=":02" />, ak woman erotik. === Woman === * ''Kè Watteau'', [[1944 nan literati|1944]] * ''Tankou yon vòl gyrfalcons'', pri lektè [[1947 nan literati|1947]]<ref name=sansoser042023/>{{,}}<ref name=Goldblum/> * ''Jou chalè'', Éditions de Paris, seri blond (erotik), [[1955 nan literati|1955]] * ''The Ministry of Vain Desires'', nouvo edisyon Debresse, [[1955 nan literati|1955]] * ''Belle Humeur or the True Story of Mandrin'', [[1957 nan literati|1957]] * ''Mwen pral krache sou tonm ou yo'', ki baze sou travay sinematografik [[Boris Vian]] ak [[Jacques Dopagne]], [[1959 nan literati|1959]] * ''The Cheaters'' (ki baze sou fim ''[[The Cheaters (film)|The Cheaters]]''), [[1959 nan literati|1959]] * ''Jiska bò gòch la'', [[1963 nan literati|1963]] * ''Yo rele nou teworis'', [[1979 nan literati|1979]] * ''Mwen pa fèt pou m mouri'', [[1982 nan literati|1982]] * ''Teworis's blues'', [[1987 nan literati|1987]] * ''Florali nan dezè a'', [[1995 nan literati|1995]] ==== Syans fiksyon ==== * ''The Chessboard of Time'', [[1962 nan literati|1962]] * ''The Seven Sons of the Star'', [[1962 nan literati|1962]] * ''Rèv dife'', [[1964 nan literati|1964]] * ''The Satellite of the Almond'', [[1975 nan literati|1975]] * ''The Shepherdess of the Apocalypse'', [[1978 nan literati|1978]] * ''Yon kontantman gason'', [[2022]] ==== Pou jèn ==== * ''Les Fiancés du Puits-Doré'', [[Hachette Jeunesse|Hachette]], {{coll|[[Green Library]]}}, [[1961 nan literati|1961]] * ''The Blue Amazon'', Hachette, {{coll|Green Library}}, [[1962 nan literati|1962]] * ''Chevrette and Virginie'', Hachette, {{coll|Green Library}}, [[1958 nan literati|1958]] * ''The Space Submarine'', [[Gautier-Languereau]], {{coll|Nouvelle Bibliothèque de Suzette}}, [[1959 nan literati|1959]] * ''Le Gabier de Surcouf'', Brepols, {{coll|Junior Club}}, [[1959 nan literati|1959]] === Biyografi === * ''Lavi pasyone [[Arthur Rimbaud]]'', [[1957 nan literati|1957]] * ''Lavi pasyone [[Verlaine]]'', [[1959 nan literati|1959]] * ''Lavi [[Frédéric Chopin|Chopin]]'', [[1964 nan literati|1964]] * ''Yon fanm temwen syèk li a, [[Germaine de Staël]]'', [[1966 nan literati|1966]] * ''The Crown of Sand, lavi [[Isabelle Eberhardt]]'', [[1967 nan literati|1967]] * ''The Iron Fan or life of [[Qiu Jin]]'', [[1977 nan literati|1977]] * ''Mwen menm, Kristine, Rèn nan Syèd'', [[1979 nan literati|1979]] * ''The Wouj Empress: Mwen menm, [[Jiang Qing|Jiang King]], vèv Mao'', [[1981 nan literati|1981]] * ''The dark Amazon: life of [[Marie-Antoinette Lix|Antoinette Lix]]'', [[1983 nan literati|1983]] * ''[[Louise Michel]] la Canaque'', [[1985 nan literati|1985]] * ''Yon fanm ki rele Castor'', [[1986 nan literati|1986]] * ''Les Scandaleuses'', [[1990 nan literati|1990]] * ''Levanjil Veronik la'', [[2000 nan literati|2000]] === Tès === * ''Diane's Complex, erotik oswa feminis'', [[1951]] * ''Èske gen gason toujou?'', [[1964]] * ''Eros minorite'', [[1970]] * ''Feminis oswa lanmò'', [[1974]]; wozo. 2020, edisyon Stowaway la, prefas Myriam Bahaffou ak Julie Gorecki ** {{Liv |language=fr |otè1=Françoise d'Eaubonne |prefas=Caroline Lejeune |tit=Nesans ekofeminis |place=Paris/58-Clamecy |editè=[[Presses Universitaires de France]] |ane =2021 |total paj=90 |isbn=978-2-13-082253-0}}. (Tèks sa a se yon chapit santral nan travay li ''Feminis oswa Lanmò''). * ''Fanm anvan patriyachi'', [[1976]] {{isbn|978-2228-1165-03}} * ''Kont vyolans oswa rezistans nan eta a'', [[1978]] * ''Istwa atizay ak lit sèks yo'', [[1978]] * '' Ekoloji/feminis. Revolisyon oswa mitasyon?'', [[1978]]; wozo. 2023, edisyon Stowaway la, prefas Geneviève Pruvost * ''Les Grandes Demi-mondaines'', volim X nan ''Histoire de la gallanterie'', [[1981]] * ''S pou Sekte'', [[1982]] * ''Fanm Ris la'', [[1988]] * ''Feminite ak filozofi: yon alèji istorik'', [[1997]] * ''Lektè a ak lir la'', 1997 * ''Seksosid sorcier yo'', [[1999]] * ''Souvni ki pa ka diminye: soti nan peryòd ant lagè a rive nan ane 2000 la'', edisyon Dagorno, [[2001]] === Powèm === * [[1942]]: ''Kolòn nanm nan'' * [[1951]]: ''Demon ak bèl bagay'' * [[1981]]: ''Ni kote, ni mèt'' === Lòt ekriti === Bwochi ("20 an de manti", kont [[Longo Maï|Kooperativ Longo Maï]], ki te deklanche yon plent pou difamasyon, yon pwosedi ki dire 14 ane), tradiksyon (powèm [[Emily Brontë]]), edisyon kritik nan lèt [[Gustave Flaubert|Flaubert]], anpil prefas, elatriye. Anvan mouri, li te kite yon volim enpresyonan nan memwa, anba atit ''Mémoires irreductibles'', ki rasanble ''Putain de jeunesse'' (ki te pibliye deja anba tit ki pi kòrèk ke piblikatè li a te vle, ''Bitch of youth''), ''The Monsters of Summer''. '', ''The Network Endikatè'' ak ''The Fires of Twilight'', dènye a pa te pibliye deja. == Nòt ak referans == {{Referans}} == Gade tou == === Bibliyografi === * ''Françoise d'Eaubonne & ecofeminism'', redaksyon 53 paj istoryen Caroline Goldblum ak koleksyon tèks Françoise d'Eaubonne, 128 paj, [[The Clandestine Passenger (edisyon)|The Clandestine Passenger] ] koleksyon '' Précurseurs de degrowth'', Paris, 2019, {{ISBN|978-2-36935-221-1}}. * ''The Green Amazon (Roman Françoise d'Eaubonne)'', [[Élise Thiébaut]], edisyon Charleston, 2021, {{ISBN|978-2-36812-610-3}}. === Filmografi === * ''[[The Revolution of Desire]]'', dokimantè [[Alessandro Avellis]], 2006 {{commentary|Omaj bay Françoise d'Eaubonne ki trase istwa [[Front Aksyon Revolisyonè omoseksyèl la] ] (FHAR ) osi byen ke lyen li yo ak [[Guy Hocquenghem]].}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSyO8uWJ4_4 Françoise d'Eaubonne, Premye ekofeminis la] pòtrè [[Usul (videyograf)|Usul]] ak Ostpolitik pou [[Blast (web TV)|Blast ]] === Atik ki gen rapò === * [[Ekofeminis]] * [[Lis otè syans fiksyon]] === Lyen ekstèn === {{Liens}} * [https://laviedesidees.fr/L-ecofeminisme-de-Francoise-d-Eaubonne.html "Ekofeminis Françoise d'Eaubonne" - "Lavi lide"] * {{YouTube|id=2UE_WGDosC0|title=Feminis oswa lanmò, Françoise d'Eaubonne|channel=Game Of Hearth}} * [https://www.francoise-d-eaubonne.org/ Sit ki dedye ak nouvèl alantou Françoise d’Eaubonne] {{CLEDETRI:Eaubonne, Francoise d}} [[Kategori:Romanye franse 20yèm syèk la]] [[Kategori:Romanye franse syans fiksyon]] [[Kategori:20yèm syèk feminis franse]] [[Kategori:Siyatè Manifès 343 la]] [[Kategori:Aktif pou dwa LGBT an Frans]] [[Kategori: Pèsonalite Pati Kominis Fransè a]] [[Kategori:Feminis libètè franse]] [[Kategori:Nesans an mas 1920]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan 17yèm awondisman Paris]] [[Kategori:Lamò nan mwa Out 2005]] [[Kategori:Lamò nan laj 85 an]] [[Kategori:Lamò nan 14yèm awondisman Pari]] [[Kategori:Ekriven syans fiksyon feminis franse]] [[Kategori:Filozòf feminis]] [[Kategori:filozòf franse]] [[Kategori:Feminis fransèz]] [[Kategori:Atis feminis]] [[Kategori:Ekofeminis]] [[Kategori:Ofisye Atizay ak Lèt]] 8kihj0yw9za6qf4wfnrk13wxzevulkj 0 90391 867928 842938 2025-05-31T08:13:29Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biyografi|dat naseans=9 septanm 1880|lye nesans=Damerey|dat lanmò=4 mas 1934 |lye lanmò=[[Lyon (vil)|Lyon]] }} '''Marie Guillot''', fèt 9 septanm 1880 nan Damerey, li mouri 4 mas 1934 nan [[Lyon (vil)|Lyon]] <ref>[http://www.fondsenligne.archives-lyon.fr/v2/ark:/18811/eb79dcd6a0a73049a5bd547c7088b721 Archives municipales de Lyon, 5e arrondissement, année 1934, acte de décès {{nimewo|261}}, cote 2E2652]</ref>, se yon pwofesè nan Saône-et-Loire . Yon pyonye sendika nan edikasyon primè, li asosye pwojè sendikalis emansipasyon sosyal ak pwojè sosyetal la, nan emansipasyon fanm yo. [[Sindikalis revolisyonè|Yon sendikalis revolisyonè]], li te yon aktivis nan Konfederasyon Jeneral Travay inite nan kòmansman ane 1920 yo. Li te yon manm nan lidèchip nasyonal la an 1922-1923. == Biyografi == Li soti nan depatman [[Saône-et-Loire]] ak pi jisteman nan [[Bresse]] Chalonnaise, kote fanmi li anrasinen, Marie Louise Guillot rete nan senbyotik ak zòn sa a nan sid Bourgogne pandan tout lavi li <ref>"Bourgogne du sud" c'est ainsi que les responsables départementaux du tourisme renomment la Saône-et-Loire</ref> . Papa l, yon [[Jounalye|travayè]] agrikòl, te mouri lè li te sèlman twazan. Pou nouri fanmi an (Marie gen yon sè) manman l kite peyi Bressan pou l travay nan vil ki pi pre a, [[Chalon-sur-Saône]], kote li jwenn yon travay kòm yon lave pou jounen an. Yon bon etidyan nan lekòl, timoun nan, pouse pa yon pwofesè eksklizyon <ref>Slava Liszek ''Marie Guillot...'', page 18</ref>, jwenn wowoli a ki ouvè aksè nan ti sèvis sivil la. : Sètifika ki pi wo a. ===Pwofesè riral=== An 1899 li te vin yon pwofesè lekòl primè, yon travay ki te pèmèt li pran swen manman l. Apre kèk ane nan ranplasan ak estaj nan lekòl nan [[Mâconnais]], [[Autun|rejyon Autun]] ak Bresse, li te jwenn manda li nan yon lekòl nan yon ti bouk sou [[Kòt Chalonnaise|Côte Chalonnaise]] la <ref>Le village de [[Saint-Martin-d'Auxy]] compte 160 habitants avant la guerre de 1914-1918. {{cf.|maj}} J. Meyrat, ''Dictionnaire des communes de France, d'Alsace-Lorraine et d'Algérie'', éditions Albin Michel, 1914</ref> . Li te anseye la depi 1904 rive 1921. Li rete selibatè, divize ant ansèyman ak sendikal. Anviwon 1910, li te fonde seksyon Saône-et-Loire nan federasyon sendika pwofesè yo, epi li te sipoze Sekretarya a nan yon anviwònman administratif ostil <ref>La "République radicale" des [[Georges Clemenceau|Clemenceau]], [[Aristide Briand|Briand]], [[Louis Barthou|Barthou]], [[René Viviani|Viviani]], unissait radicaux-socialistes, républicains-radicaux, socialistes dits "indépendants", dans une commune négation aux fonctionnaires du droit syndical commun à tous les salariés.</ref> . === Sendikalis === Kondisyon lavi paran li yo, kondisyon lavi pwòp li yo <ref>le traitement des instituteurs est faible et, en zones rurales l'apport pécuniaire de la tenue du secrétariat de mairie constitue une appoint indispensable. {{cf.|maj}} Jacques Ozouf, ''Nous les maîtres d'école, autobiographies d'instituteurs de la Belle Époque'', collection Archives Julliard, 1967.</ref>, ak arasman yerarchik la konvenk li nan angajman sendika a. Genyen tou plis faktè ideyolojik, menm sa yo ki fè yo yon manm nan Pati Sosyalis la (pwobableman sou enfliyans yon lòt pwofesè <ref>Slava Liszek, ouvrage cité, p. 31.</ref> nan [[Saône-et-Loire]], [[Theo Bretin|Théo Bretin]] ) : emansipasyon travayè yo dwe se travayè yo menm. Menm jan ak [[Sindikal revolisyonè|sendika revolisyonè yo,]] li wè sendika a kòm òganizatè sosyete kap vini an. Li te pami abonnés ti ògàn ''[[Travay lavi|La Vie Ouvrière]]'' e li te kenbe yon korespondans alontèm ak [[Pierre Monatte]] depi 1913 <ref>Quelques-unes de ses lettres apparaissent dans Colette Chambelland et Jean Maitron, ''Syndicalisme révolutionnaire et Communisme, ...''.</ref> . Lè an juillet 1913, ''La Vie Ouvrière'' te pibliye yon atik ki te siyen "Marie Guillot", se te yon aktivis ki gen eksperyans ki te pale <ref>{{cf.|maj}} le témoignage de [[Pierre Monatte]], reproduit dans D. Cohen, V. Staraselski ''Un siècle de Vie ouvrière'', page 14</ref> . [[Ògàn]] sendika a te deja kite l pale nan nimewo janvye 1913 li sou psedonim transparan "yon abònen Saône-et-Loire". Lè sa a, li te note nan yon stil klè ak dirèk <ref>Slava Liszek, p. 99</ref>: ''Mank fanm nan "La Vie Ouvrière", ou konnen !'' ''Kidonk ou kwè wap fè yon revolisyon oubyen wap fè yon transfòmasyon ekonomik san èd fanm? ?'' ''(...) Èske deden sa a anvè nou ?'' ''Ou ta trè egare.'' ''Mouvman feminis la ap pénétrer e l'ap pénétrer pi plis nan mas yo e fòk li konte.'' === Lekòl emansipe === Depi 1910 <ref>Le premier numéro paraît en octobre 1910. {{cf.|maj}} [[Madeleine Guilbert]], ''Les femmes et l'organisation syndicale avant 1914'' (voir bibliographie), p.373-378, puis page 467. Madeleine Guilbert recense tous les articles écrits par des femmes dans la presse socialiste et syndicale : le passage qui suit se base sur cet inventaire.</ref>, li te patisipe nan ekri ak distribisyon ''[[Lekòl Emansipe a|L'École emancipée]]'', yon "revizyon edikasyon chak semèn" pibliye pa [[Federasyon Nasyonal Sendika yo|Federasyon Nasyonal sendika pwofesè]] [[Frans|Lafrans]] ak Koloni yo. Kat atik pa li (pou kont li oswa an kolaborasyon) te pibliye pa jounal sa a an 1911, senk yo te pibliye an 1912, sis nan 1913, sèt pou peryòd janvye- juillet 1914 pou kont li. Apati avril 1912 <ref>Slava Liszek, p. 82</ref> li te ekri yon kolòn nan magazin sa a : ''Tribune feminis'' la. === Fas ak lagè: pasifis === Nan août 1914, pandan ke lidèchip [[Seksyon Fransè Entènasyonal Travayè yo]] (SFIO) ak [[Konfederasyon Jeneral Travay|CGT]] la, te rasanble militè gouvènman an, pandan ke pifò nan sendikal revolisyonè ki pi "brawlers" yo bliye ajanda antimilitaris yo ke yo te defann nan Kongrè yo, Marie. Guillot ekri [[Pierre Monatte]] <ref>J. Maitron, C. Chambelland ''Syndicalisme révolutionnaire et communisme'', p. 26-27</ref>: ''Sa ki fè m pè plis pase tout masak la, se vag rayisman ki monte pi wo epi ki detounen enèji klas travayè yo nan objektif yo.'' Li pral, pandan ane konfli a, kontinye menm chemen an fè tèt di: nenpòt kote li kapab li entèvni pou ede lide pasifik grandi. Li te ranfòse pa apèl [[Romain Rolland]] ''Ave the Scrum'' ( septembre 1914), pa atitid [[Pierre Monatte]] ak ki moun li te koresponn pandan tout lagè a, pa pozisyon yo te pran pa lòt pwofesè an favè Lapè. Malgre ke li te enkyete plizyè fwa, li pa te arete pandan lagè a. == 1919-1924: sendikal nan nivo nasyonal == Ajanda aktivis la (fiktiv) ta montre aktivite li ki gen tandans pou 100% angajman % tan li. Soti 10 août 1919, li te patisipe nan [[Towers|Tours]], nan Kongrè a nan Federasyon Nasyonal la nan sendika pwofesè yo. Soti 21 septembre 1919, Marie Guillot te patisipe nan 14 la.CGT (Lyon). Li se nan minorite "revolisyonè" nan sendika a. [[Fichye:Minoritaires_CGT_Lyon_1919.png|vignette|Marie Guillot pami lòt delege revolisyonè yo nan kongrè CGT nan Lyon, septanm 1919]]Nan janvier 1920, li te eli sekretè jeneral [[Komite revolisyonè revolisyonè yo|Komite Edikasyon Sendika Revolisyonè yo]] . Nan mwa Out nan menm ane a li te patisipe nan [[Bòdo]] nan katòzyèm kongrè a nan Federasyon an nan sendika pwofesè yo <ref>Max Ferré, ''Histoire du mouvement syndicaliste révolutionnaire chez les instituteurs'', p. 241.</ref> . Li se youn nan 350 delege ki reprezante 12,000 manm divize an 68 sendika. Sepandan, kòm pa janm anvan <ref>Selon M. Ferré</ref>, dwa pou yo òganize yo refize bay fonksyonè sivil yo. Sekretè federasyon an, [[Louis Bouët|Louis Bouët,]] te revoke depi 31 juillet . Sa a se twazyèm fwa nan istwa sendika jèn pwofesè yo ke yon sekretè federal yo te ranvwaye <ref>En 1907, [[Marius Nègre]] avait été révoqué en compagnie des dirigeants du syndicalisme postier. En 1918, l'institutrice [[Hélène Brion]] était révoquée pour son action pacifiste</ref> . Pandan ane 1919-1921, plizyè sendika edikasyon yo te envestige epi pini tou. Marie Guillot, lidè Komite Revolisyonè Sindikalis [[Saône-et-Loire|Saône-et-Loire,]] te mennen devan yon konsèy disiplin an janvier 1921 . Defann pa tout delege anplwaye yo <ref>Il existe à cette date, deux fédérations syndicales parmi les instituteurs</ref> ak pa enspektè prensipal li a, yon ka ki pa nòmal, ka li a depann de Enspektè Akademi an. Li te revoke sou 25 avril 1921: ''Zak pwopagann revolisyonè Miss Marie Guillot fè yo pa konpatib ak fonksyon yon pwofesè piblik'' <ref>Slava Liszek op. cit., p. 186</ref> . Pou bon mezi, lekòl [[Saint-Martin-d'Auxy]], vid elèv li yo pa bès demografik ak entrig lokal nwa, fèmen... Zanmi li yo nan ''[[Travay lavi|La Vie Ouvrière]]'' te bay travay editoryal pou fanm ki te jwenn tèt li san peye <ref>Une souscription de solidarité recueille l'équivalent de huit mois de son traitement d'institutrice, dont elle reverse une forte partie à son syndicat pour couvrir les frais d'une action en justice</ref> . Men, gratis nan tan li se aktivis li egzèse nan tout direksyon : an juillet 1921, kongrè depatmantal sendika [[Konfederasyon Jeneral Travay|CGT]] nan Saône-et-Loire te eli l sekretè jeneral <ref>Le rapport de forces entre les tenants de la majorité confédérale et la minorité révolutionnaire s'inverse par la première fois dans ce département; Marie Guillot est élue par 24 voix contre 19 au secrétaire sortant [[Jean-Marie Thomas|Lucien Thomas]], secrétaire du syndicat des métaux du Creusot ({{cf.}} Notice du Maitron).</ref> . === Sekretè Jeneral Federasyon Edikasyon an === Soti 30 juillet 1921 nan 16 kongrè CGT ( [[Lil (vil)|Lille]] ), Marie Guillot te pami delege ki te vote pou mosyon sendika revolisyonè yo. Yon minorite, yo ap pwogrese konsiderableman. Nan septembre 1920, 15 kongrè a ( [[Òleyan|Orléans]] ) te divize ant 1,505 vòt pou lidèchip la ( [[Léon Jouhaux|Jouhaux]] ), ak 552 vòt pou revolisyonè yo <ref>[[Georges Lefranc]], ''Le mouvement syndical sous la Troisième République'', p. 252, vote de la motion d'orientation.</ref> Mwens pase yon ane apre dokiman oryantasyon an te apwouve pa 1,572 vòt, kont 1,325 ak 66 abstansyon <ref>ibid p. 258</ref> . Pwogresyon sa a te anonse yon chanjman nan majorite nan kongrè ki vin apre a. == Nòt ak referans == {{Références}} == Bibliyografi == === Biyografi === * Slava Liszek, ''Marie Guillot, soti nan emansipasyon fanm yo nan sa ki nan sendikalism'', L'Harmattan, Paris, 1994. <small style="line-height:1em;">( [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">2-7384-2947-5</span>)</small> * Anne Goirand Hohl, Philippe Péchoux & Morgan Poggioli, ''« Nou pap koube » : Marie Guillot, yon pwofesè inyonis-revolisyonè feminis (1880-1934)'', Éditions universitaire de Dijon, 2024. 397 pp. <small style="line-height:1em;">( [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">978-2-36441-492-1</span>)</small> * ''Diksyonè byografik mouvman ouvriye fransè'', volim 31, 1988, avi ''Guillot Marie'' (editè : Léon Griveau, Jean Maitron ) === Marie Guillot nan mouvman travayè a === * Colette Chambelland, Jean Maitron, ''sendikal revolisyonè ak kominis, achiv Pierre Monatte'', editè François Maspero, 1968. * Denis Cohen, Valère Staraselski, ''1909-2009 A century of worker life'', Le Cherche midi Paris, 2009. <small style="line-height:1em;">( [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">978-2-7491-1003-5</span>)</small> * Michel Dreyfus, ''Istwa CGT'', 1995. * Max Ferré ''Istwa mouvman sendikal revolisyonè pami pwofesè depi orijin yo rive nan 1922'', SUDEL, Paris, 1955. * Madeleine Guilbert, ''Fanm ak òganizasyon sendika anvan 1914'', Sant Nasyonal pou Rechèch Syantifik, [[Pari]], 1966. * Loïc Le Bars, ''Federasyon Inite Edikasyon (1919-1935).'' ''At the origins of teacher unionism'', Syllepse editions, 2005. <small style="line-height:1em;">( [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">2-84797-097-5</span>)</small> == lyen deyò == {{liens}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Feminis fransèz]] 4c7mk91llwt9yz3gcm7unlv6n581r68 0 93520 867882 855044 2025-05-29T14:07:09Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 867882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox atis|charte=artiste|nom=Adolphe Monticelli|autres noms=|imaj=Monticelli - Portrait de l'artiste, 96-005026.jpg|lejand=''Pòtrè atis la'' (1866),<br>[[Pari]], [[mize Orsay]].|nom de naissance=Adolphe Joseph Thomas Monticelli|date de naissance=|lieu de naissance=|date de décès=|lieu de décès=|nasyonalite=[[Frans|fransèz]] {{drapo|Frans}}|aktivite=[[Atis pent|pent]]|autres activités=|fòmasyon=[[Lekòl Boza Masèy]]|maîtres=|élèves=|mouvement=|mécènes=|enfliyanse pa=[[Eugène Delacroix]]|enflyise=[[Vincent van Gogh]]|récompenses=|œuvres principales=|compléments=}} '''Adolphe Monticelli''', fèt 14 oktòb 1824 nan Masèy <ref>Nan {{n°|6}} ri Longue-des-Capucins.</ref>, e li te mouri nan vil natal li a nan dat 29 jen 1886 <ref>nan {{n°|12}} [[Rue Sénac-de-Meilhan|ri Sénac]].</ref>, se yon [[Atis pent|pent]] fransè. == Biyografi == Adolphe Monticelli se elèv lise Thiers de Marseille<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://marseille.aujourdhui.fr/etudiant/annuaire-lycees/lycee/lycee-thiers-marseille.html|title=Annuaire des lycées de Marseille|date=|website=|language=|access-date=}}</ref>, ak Lekòl Boza ki toupre lise a. Li te enfliyanse alafwa pa [[Eugène Delacroix]], zèv li yo nan mize Louvre ak atmosfè pwovensal, plis ke vwayaj an Oryan ke li pa t fè. == Galeri == <gallery mode="packed" heights="160" caption="Travay Adolphe Monticelli"> Fichye:Adolphe_Joseph_Thomas_Monticelli_-_Ladies_in_a_Garden_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|lien=Fichier:Adolphe_Joseph_Thomas_Monticelli_-_Ladies_in_a_Garden_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|alt=Assemblée dans un parc (1870), Liverpool, Walker Art Gallery.| ''Asanble nan yon pak'' (1870), Liverpool, Walker Art Gallery . Fichye:Adolphe_Monticelli_-_Flower_still_life_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|lien=Fichier:Adolphe_Monticelli_-_Flower_still_life_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|alt=Bouquet de fleurs (1875), Amsterdam, musée van Gogh.| ''Bouquet of Flowers'' (1875), [[Amstèdam]], [[Mize Van-Gogh|Van Gogh Museum]] . Fichye:Adolphe_Monticelli_-_As_You_Like_It_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|lien=Fichier:Adolphe_Monticelli_-_As_You_Like_It_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|alt=Comme il vous plaira, Washington, The Phillips Collection.| ''Jan w renmen li'', [[Wachintòn|Washington]], Koleksyon an Phillips . Fichye:Adolphe_Joseph_Thomas_Monticelli_(1824–1886).jpg|lien=Fichier:Adolphe_Joseph_Thomas_Monticelli_(1824–1886).jpg|alt=Bouquet de fleurs, (1874), Collection privée, France.| ''Bouquet nan flè'', (1874), Koleksyon prive, [[Frans|Lafrans]] . Fichye:Monticelli_-_Scène_de_parc,_femmes,_enfants_et_chiens.jpg|lien=Fichier:Monticelli_-_Scène_de_parc,_femmes,_enfants_et_chiens.jpg|alt=Scène de parc, femmes, enfants et chiens, musée des beaux-arts de Marseille.| ''Sèn pak, fanm, timoun ak chen'', Marseille Museum of Fine Arts . Fichye:Monticelli_Port_of_Cassis.jpg|lien=Fichier:Monticelli_Port_of_Cassis.jpg|alt=Le Port de Cassis (1884), Tokyo, musée national de l'art occidental.| ''Port Cassis'' (1884), [[Tokyo]], National Museum of Western Art . </gallery> == Nòt ak referans == {{Referans}} == Apendis == === Lyen ekstèn === {{Lòt pwojè|commons=Category:Adolphe Joseph Thomas Monticelli}}{{liens}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200320233121/http://www.fondationmonticelli.com/ Site de Fondation Monticelli] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100605032134/http://www.artactu.com/adolphe-monticelli-1824-1886_mot281.html Adolphe Monticelli dans Artactu] [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Pent peyazajis fransè]] [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] ojy3q29urvqb0u9q93de09jgotszc6i 0 94313 867929 857907 2025-05-31T08:20:19Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sinema (pèsonalite)|non=Evens Athys|pwofesyon=komedyen,mizisyen|nasyonalite=ayisyen}} '''Atys Panch''',vrè non li se Evens Atys,se yon komedyen epi mizisyen,antreprenè ayisyen e ki se younn nan pi gwo [[atis]] ke yo tande plis [[ayiti]] sou platfòm you yube la([[YouTube]]) == Biyografi == Atys Panch,yon natif natal potoprens([[Pòtoprens]]),li fe etid klasik li i te pataje ant lekòl Gentille Alouette, kolèj Gilbert Albert ak kolèj GaétanAmédée.apre li te kòmanse etidye jesyon nan Inivèsite Polivalan an Ayiti. Li pa t konplete yo. === Mizik === Li te komanse nan lane 2011 ak chante "Kapòt la pete" ki te resevwa anpil difizyon sou FM.LI kwè ke santiman papa a nan seks li a li rele "ra-house-cine" fè pati li. e yon sòt de kwaze ant rara ak kay.nan chante li yo,li chante sou tabou yo ak ranvesmam nan jèn yo nan peyi l. nonmen non li kòm yon mizisyen rive nan nouvo wotè ak mizik "Ba yo zoklo", ki te pibliye nan lane 2017, ki dapre li te pote l 'nouvo opòtinite .«Lage Kè m» se dènye mizik li pou dat.yon mizik ki pale de yon relasyon amoure pasyone ak konplike ke li fè eksperyans ak madanm li" Li se yon pwodiksyon [[:fr:Dramafls|Dramafls]]. nan mwa janvye nan lane 2021 li soti dènye mizik li ki gn pou tit [https://haitianpromoplus.com/atys-panch-feat-dj-shyne-drop-it-low/ Drop it Low]. === Komedi a === soti nan lane 2016,li tounen nan komedyen.anvlope ak talan li kòm komedyen li te deja jwe sou gwo platfòm tankou Festival Entènasyonal ri nan peyi a ak lòt komedyen entènasyonal tankou,[[Rachid Badouri]], [[Sifrael Wemonche]], [[Donel Jack’sman]], [[Bun Hay Mean]].Anplis de sa, li se premye komedyen ayisyen ki rive nan mak 1 milyon abone sou Instagram. == Prim == nan lane 2018,MAG Haïti(ayiti) te mete l pami dis(10) jèn ayisyen ki pi infliyan pou ane a epi prezante li pou l komedyen ki totalman diferan de sa ki pi gran jenerasyon an.. == Nòt ak referans == https://www.juno7.ht/atys-panch-embrasse-la-comedie-et-la-musique-pour-div/<nowiki/> [[Kategori:Mizisyen ayisyen]] g2mxv4nejowx44fct5yqci024hgxstz 0 95048 867960 861174 2025-06-01T04:53:22Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867960 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Schuma''' fèt 8 jen 1810 nan Zwickau e li te mouri 29 jiyè 1856 nan Endenich ( jodi a yon kstye Bonn ), se te yon [[Alman|Alman.]] konpozitè ak pyanis . Mizik li se yon pati nan mouvman romantik, ki te domine nan kòmansman XIX syèk la. yon [[Ewòp]] an plen transfòmasyon. Konpozitè literè pa ekselans, Schumann ak mizik li ilistre yon eleman nan amoure pasyone a. Li se mari [[Clara Schumann]], pyanis ak konpozitè tou. == Biyografi == === Jèn === Fèt sou88 jen 1810, nan Zwickau, vil nan Peyi Wa ki nan Saxony, Robert Schumann se te senkyèm ak dènye pitit Out Schumann (1773-1826), machann liv, piblikatè, men tou ekriven, ak nan Christiane Schnabel (1767-1836). Li te gen kat frè ak sè : Eduard (1799-1839), Carl (1801-1849), Julius (1805-1833) ak Emilia (1796-1825). August Schumann te fè yon non pou tèt li nan pibliye, pami lòt bagay, yon seri konsakre nan klasik angle, franse, Italyen ak Panyòl nan lang orijinal la ak nan tradiksyon. An patikilye, li te tradui ak prezante [[Lord Byron|Byron]] ak [[Walter Scott]] nan [[Almay]]. Li menm se yon [[Sturm und Drang|" ''tanpèt ak twoub'' »]] {{Sfn|Boucourechliev|1963|p=10}} . Robert, pitit gason l ', te ale nan yon lekòl prive ak Lè sa a, lekòl segondè Zwickau, kote li te aprann Latin, grèk ak franse. Li te resevwa premye leson pyano li nan men [[òganis]] katedral la, Johann Gottfried Kuntsch. Li patisipe nan plizyè konsè. Papa l mennen l tande [[Ignaz Moscheles|Moscheles]] nan [[Karlsbad (Bade-Wurtemberg)|Karlsbad]] : Robert trè antouzyastik e li vle yon pyano {{Sfn|Boucourechliev|1963}} . Robert Schumann enterese anpil nan literati, li ekri tèks nan stil [[Jean-Paul Richter]] (pi li te ye sou non Jean Paul) tankou ''Divès ekriti Robert de la Mulde'' oswa ''Evenings of June and Days of July'' {{Sfn|Boucourechliev|1963}} . == Nòt ak referans == [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] <references /> [[Kategori:Nesans an jen 1810]] srfjatc53smgeoon8el33zv1g983h5a 0 95098 867933 867631 2025-05-31T08:22:46Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''Prosper Mérimée''', fèt 28 septanm 1803 nan Pari e li te mouri 23 septanm 1870 nan Cannes, se yon ekriven fransè, istoryen ak akeyològ . Soti nan yon background boujwa ak atistik, Prosper Mérimée te etidye lalwa anvan li te vin enterese nan literati ak pibliye tèks an 1825, patikilyèman [[Nouvèl|istwa kout]], ki te fè l 'konnen ak fè l' eleksyon nan ' [[Académie française|Akademi fransè]] a an 1844. Nan 1831, li te antre nan biwo ministeryèl yo ak nan 1834 te vin [[Inspection générale des monuments historiques|enspektè jeneral nan moniman istorik]] . Apre sa, li te fè anpil vwayaj enspeksyon atravè Lafrans epi li te konfye achitèk [[Eugène Viollet-le-Duc]] ak restorasyon nan bilding ki an danje tankou [[Basilique Sainte-Marie-Madeleine de Vézelay|Bazilik Vézelay]] an 1840, [[Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris|katedral Notre-Dame de Paris]] nan 1843 oswa [[Cité de Carcassonne|Vil Carcassonne]], depi 1853. . Toupre [[Eugénie de Montijo|Empress Eugénie]], li te nonmen senatè an 1853 e li te anime salon tribinal yo, pa egzanp ak [[Dictée de Mérimée|dikte]] pi popilè li an 1857. Lè sa a, li te pibliye mwens tèks literè, konsakre tèt li nan travay kòm yon istoryen ak akeyològ epi inisye, apati 1842, yon klasifikasyon nan moniman istorik ke [[Base Mérimée|baz Mérimée]] te kreye an 1978 rann omaj. Travay literè Prosper Mérimée tonbe anba yon estetik nan ti kras la , ekriti li karakterize pa vitès ak absans devlopman, ki kreye yon narasyon efikas ak yon reyalis fonksyonèl adapte a jan an nan istwa kout. Men, style sa a pafwa diskalifye travay Mérimée yo, ki te kritike pou mank de soulajman yo — " Peyizaj la te plat tankou Mérimée». Si ''Teyat Clara Gazul'' pa t make epòk la, yo pa ka di menm bagay pou istwa kout li yo ki jwe sou [[Exotisme|ekzotik]] ( [[Kòs|Corsica]] nan ''[[Mateo Falcone]]'' ak ''[[Colomba (nouvelle)|Colomba]]'' oswa [[Andalouzi|Andalusia]] nan ''[[Carmen (nouvelle)|Carmen]]'', popilarize an 1875 pa opera [[Georges Bizet]] ), sou [[Fantastique|kokenn]] ( ''[[Vision de Charles XI|Vizyon Charles XI]]'', ''[[La Vénus d'Ille]]'', ''[[Lokis]]'' ) oswa sou [[Roman historique|rekonstriksyon istorik]] ( ''[[L'Enlèvement de la redoute|Kadejak Redout la]]'', ''[[Tamango]]'' ). Istwa se tou nan sant la nan sèl roman l 'yo : ''[[Chronique du règne de Charles IX|Istwa rèy Charles IX]]'' (1829). == Biyografi == === Nesans ak fanmi === Prosper Mérimée te fèt 28 septembre 1803 <ref>Certaines sources le font naître le 23 ([http://www.merimee.culture.fr/ Biographie de Prosper Mérimée]) ou le 27 septembre (notice du catalogue de la BnF).</ref> nan [[Pari]] nan yon fanmi boujwa. [[Acte de naissance|Batistè]] li nan [[Registres paroissiaux et d'état civil à Paris|rejis sivil Pari a]] endike ke li te fèt [[28 septanm|5 Vendémiaire,]] [[1803 (almanak gregoryen)|ane XII]], alantou 10 p.m. nan 7 [[Place Sainte-Geneviève|Sainte-Geneviève square]], divizyon [[Panthéon (Paris)|Panthéon]], nan [[Ancien 12e arrondissement de Paris|ansyen 12 awondisman an]] <ref>L'original de l'[[acte de naissance]] a disparu avec tout l'[[Registres paroissiaux et d'état civil à Paris|état civil de Paris antérieur à 1860]] lors des incendies de la [[Commune de Paris (1871)|Commune de Paris en 1871]] mais il en subsistait une copie conservée aux [[Archives de Paris]] et accessible ici : http://www.merimee.culture.fr/fr/html/bio/zooms/ow_bio_1_1a.html. Son [https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/259837 dossier de Légion d'honneur] indique bien le 28 septembre 1803.</ref> . Kote li te fèt li te demoli kèk ane pita pandan konstriksyon nan [[rue Clovis]] ak travay alantou [[Panthéon (Paris)|Panthéon]] la. Papa l ', [[Léonor Mérimée|Jean François Léonor Mérimée]] (1757-1836) <ref>Gaston Pinet, ''Léonor Mérimée (1757-1836)'', Honoré Champion éditeur, Paris, 1913, {{OCLC|26335016}}</ref>, te soti nan [[Normandie|Normandie.]] : fèt 16 septembre 1757 nan [[Broglie (Eure)|Broglie]] e batize 18 septanm 1757 nan legliz vil sa a <ref>[[Registre paroissial]] de [[Broglie (Eure)]] (1757), [[Archives départementales de l'Eure]].</ref> Lè sa a, yo te rele ''Chambrais'', answit li te vin pwofesè desen nan École Polytechnique, epi pita li te sekretè pèmanan nan Lekòl Fine Arts. . Manman l ', Anne Louise Moreau (1774 Avallon <ref>Archives départements de l'Yonne, 5Mi248/4, registres paroissiaux d'Avallon (1773-1783), vue 75/446, 30 octobre 1774, baptême d'Anne Louise Moreau (elle a pour parrain Louis Bénigne François Bertier intendant de la généralité de Paris).</ref> -1852), se pitit fi Nicolas Louis Joseph Moreau (Vezaponin, 1733 - Saint-Denis, 1781), gwo chirijyen nan jeneralite Paris nan moman lanmò li, ak Elisabeth Grimard. Li se yon [[pent]] pòtrè, epi tou li anseye desen. ==== Etid ==== Mérimée te etidye lalwa, te aprann pyano epi etidye filozofi ak tou anpil lang : Arab, [[Ris]], grèk ak angle. <span title="Une source est souhaitée pour ce passage." class="need_ref" style="cursor:help;">Li se youn nan premye tradiktè yo soti nan Ris nan franse.</span> Sè papa l, [[Augustine (fim)|Augustine]] Mérimée, se manman Louis-Jacques Fresnel (Broglie, 1786 - Jaca, 1809), lyetnan atiri. ; [[Augustin-Jean Fresnel|Augustin Fresnel]], [[fizisyen]] ; Léonor François Fresnel (Mathieu, 1790 - Pari, 1869), enjenyè anchèf pon ak wout ; ak [[Fulgence Fresnel]] (Mathieu, 1795 - Bagdad, 1855), orientalis. Li te jwenn sètifika lekòl mizik li a nan [[Wòm (Itali)|lavil Wòm]], kote li te genyen premye pwi entènasyonal Ewopeyen an pou pyano, Lè sa a, twazyèm pri a pou chante, koral ak konduit koral nan [[Pari]] . Etid li nan [[Lycée Henri-IV|Lycée Napoléon]] te pote l an kontak ak pitit gason elit Parisyen an. ; pami yo, [[Adrien de Jussieu]], [[Charles Lenormant]] ak [[Jean-Jacques Ampère]], ak ki moun li tradui ''[[Ossian]]'' . Nan 1819, li te enskri nan fakilte a nan lwa, kidonk swiv tras yo nan granpapa l ', François Mérimée, eminan avoka nan Palman an nan Rouen ak entandan [[François-Marie de Broglie|Marshal de Broglie]] . Li te jwenn lisans li an 1823. Menm ane a, li te egzante nan sèvis militè, pou feblès konstitisyonèl. Sepandan, li te enkòpore nan Gad Nasyonal la nan 1830. Nan ane 1820 yo, li te frekante salon literè [[Étienne-Jean Delécluze]], tonton matènèl [[Eugène Viollet-le-Duc]] . Dènye a resevwa, an reyalite, nan dimanch a 2 p.m.grenye soti lakay li nan [[Rue Chabanais|1 rue Chabanais]] (jodi a nan 2 lan Pari), [[atis]], pent ak achitèk tankou: [[Ludovic Vitet]], [[Charles-Augustin Sainte-Beuve|Sainte-Beuve]], [[Stendhal]], [[Paul-Louis Courier]], elatriye. ki desine yon romantik reyalis ki ap chèche yon konpwomi ak klasik, epi ki opoze ak anfaz [[Victor Hugo|Hugolian]] . Lè sa a, Mérimée, tankou Stendhal, te teste premye travay yo la <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.terresdecrivains.com/Prosper-Merimee-a-Paris-et|title=Sur les pas des ecrivains : Prosper Mérimée à Paris et ailleurs|website=www.terresdecrivains.com|access-date=2019-04-17}}</ref> . ===== Enspektè Jeneral Moniman Istorik (1834-1860) ===== Apre li fin etidye politik, li vire nan literati. Sepandan, li te antre nan administrasyon an, Lè sa a, li te vin, apre 1830, sekretè nan kabinè a nan [[Antoine Maurice Apollinaire d'Argout|Konte Argout la]] . Li te byen vit pase nan biwo yo nan Ministè Komès ak Marin a epi finalman reyisi [[Ludovic Vitet]] nan 1834 kòm Enspektè Jeneral [[Monument historique (France)|Moniman Istorik]], kote papa l 'te okipe pozisyon nan sekretè. Sa a pral pèmèt li pouswiv travay literè nan libète konplè, kote li te dwe repitasyon li byen bonè. Se nan moman sa a li te mande achitèk [[Eugène Viollet-le-Duc]] pou fè youn nan premye restorasyon bilding li an [[Frans]] . Pozisyon sa a te ba l tou opòtinite pou fè vwayaj enspeksyon nan Sid, Lwès, Sant Lafrans ak [[Kòs|Corsica]], vwayaj pou ki li pibliye rapò (1836-1841). Aksyon li te pèmèt klasifikasyon, 26 février 1850, nan [[Musée archéologique Grenoble Saint-Laurent|kript Saint-Laurent]] nan [[Grenòb|Grenoble]] kòm yon moniman istorik. Nan moman sa a, li te koresponn ak yon kantite dilè antik oswa entelektyèl lokal yo, tankou M. de Chergé, prezidan [[Société des antiquaires de l'Ouest]] nan [[Poitiers]], yon vil kote li te sove anpil rès, an patikilye [[Baptistère Saint-Jean de Poitiers|batistè Saint-Jean]] ki te menase an 1850 ak demolisyon. == Nòt ak referans == [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] <references /> ==Lyen ekstèn== {{liens}} [[Kategori:Nesans an septanm 1803]] [[Kategori:Ekriven fransè XIXe syèk]] 6nf2ry82qfdjzkkbfcw9jkoz2aaivc3 0 95511 867935 864888 2025-05-31T08:41:49Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867935 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Anya Berger''', yo rele l tou '''Anna Bostock''', ki fèt '''Anna Zisserman''' [[1923 (almanak gregoryen)|an 1923]] nan Harbin ( [[Chin]] ) e li te mouri nan dat [[23 fevriye]] 2018 nan Jenèv <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.frieze.com/article/anya-berger-1923-2018|title=Anya Berger (1923-2018)|last=Overton|first=Tom|date=2018-02-27|website=Frieze|language=en|access-date=2023-03-27}}</ref>, li te yon [[Tradiksyon|tradiktè]] Ris-Britanik, kritik literè, kominis, [[feminis]] ak entelektyèl <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhCJR3kCBdVFFGwdkhbVC.html|title=Anya Berger|website=id.oclc.org|access-date=2023-03-30}}</ref> . Anya Berger te fèt nan ane 1923 yon kote yo te rele Harbin. Papa li te rele Wladimir Zisserman, se te yon pwopriyetè Larisi, epi manman l te rele Matilda Glogau, li te soti nan boujwazi jwif [[Vyèn]] <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.frieze.com/article/life-margins|title=Life in the Margins|last=Overton|first=Tom|date=2017-02-27|website=Frieze|language=en|access-date=2023-03-27}}</ref> . apre revolisyon ris la fanmi yo te oblije kite Larisi apre Revolisyon Ris la. Nan ane 1936, Anna Berger demenaje ale rete nan [[Vyèn]] nan viv ak fanmi manman l '. An 1938, apre aneksyon [[Otrich]] la, li te kouri kite [[Vyèn]] nan tren pou rantre nan yon zanmi angle nan [[Lonn|Lond]] . Li te etidye nan St Paul's School for Girls anvan li te genyen yon bousdetid pou etidye lang modèn nan Oxford . Sepandan, li te abandone lekòl pou l travay pou Reuters kòm yon tradiktè pandan lagè. An patikilye, li te tradui nouvèl ki soti nan Front lès la . Nan ane 1942 li marye ak yon ofisye entèlijans yo te rele Stephen Bostock, yo te gen de pitit,youn te rele [[Nina (seri, 2014)|Nina]] , lot late rele Dima. Apre lagè a te fini, yo te divòse. Anya Bostock demenaje ale rete [[Nouyòk|New York]] pou l travay kòm tradiktè nan [[Òganizasyon Nasyonzini|Nasyonzini]] . Lè papa yo te kidnape yo nan [[Wayòm Ini|Grann Bretay]], yo te mennen diskisyon sou gad la nan tribinal ak nan laprès . Anna Bostock te retounen nan Lond, kote li te vin fè pati yon sèk entelektyèl goch alantou Eric Hobsbawm, Doris Lessing ak Mordecai Richler . Li te jwenn travay kòm yon kritik literè nan <nowiki><i id="mwQA">Manchester Guardian</i></nowiki> ak kòm yon editè nan Piblikatè Methuen ak Hutchinson, e li te kòmanse tradui liv ki soti nan Ris ak Alman an angle. Anba non Anna Bostock, li te tradui zèv Trotsky, [[Lenine|Lenin]], [[Karl Marx]], Ernst Sigismund Fischer, György Lukács, Ilja Ehrenburg, Wilhelm Reich ak yon liv sou chat pa Paul Eipper, pami lòt moun {{,}} <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.frieze.com/article/life-margins|title=Life in the Margins|last=Overton|first=Tom|date=2017-02-27|website=Frieze|language=en|access-date=2023-03-27}}</ref> . Li te gen yon relasyon tou kout ak atis Peter de Francia epi ansanm yo te tradui ''Modulor'' Le Corbusier a nan lang angle epi yo tou de mansyone nan dedikasyon premye woman John Berger ''A Painter of Our Time'' . Anya Berger te konnen ekriven an depi 1951, men se sèlman nan peryòd sa a yo te kòmanse yon relasyon e yo te fè de pitit ansanm, Katya Berger ak Jacob Berger <ref name=":0" /> . John ak Anya Berger ansanm tradui tèks Hélène Weigel ak powèm [[Bertolt Brecht]] <ref name=":0" /> . nan ane 1958, li te chanje non l an Anya Berger pa yon zak inilateral fòmalis epi li te vwayaje atravè Ewòp ak motosiklèt ak John Berger epi tou li te vizite yon [[Inyon Repiblik Sosyalis Sovyetik|Inyon Sovyetik]] la pou premye fwa. Yo te viv an [[Frans]] pou yon ti tan epi apre sa yo te fini etabli nan Meyrin, Swis . Li travay la ankò kòm yon tradiktè pou Nasyonzini an. Relasyon li ak John Berger te fini an 1970. Anya Berger te kontribiye nan [[Feminis|mouvman feminis]] kap parèt e li te kreye yon gwoup reyinyon pou fanm nan Meyrin. Gwoup la te toujou reyini nan yon kay ki te pou Anya Berger e gason pa gen dwa patisipe, objektif la se pou fanm sa yo rankontre youn ak lòt epi yo kapab pale sou kondisyon yo nan sosyete a, dwa yo, kò yo, seksyalite yo <ref name=":2" /> . John Berger te dedye roman ''G'' la pou li ak pou li " sè mouvman fanm yo » an 1972 . Dènye tradiksyon Anya Berger a te rele ''Jès ak Lapawòl'' pa André Leroi-Gourhan an 1993 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archipelagobooks.org/book_translator/bostock-anna/|title=Anna Bostock Archives|website=Archipelago Books|language=en-US|access-date=2023-03-30}}</ref> . == Piblikasyon == * {{Cite web|url=https://www.la-meridienne.info/Comment-je-me-suis-sortie-de-la-merde-par-Anya-Berger|title=Comment je me suis sortie de la merde, par Anya Berger|last=Chollet|first=Mona|date=2023-05-29|website=La méridienne|language=fr|access-date=2024-05-11}} == Tradiksyon (seleksyon) == * Ilya Ehrenburg : ''Julio Jurenito'', ak Yvonne Kapp. Lond : MacGibbon & Kee, 1958 * [[Bertolt Brecht]] : ''Powèm sou teyat la'', tradui pa John Berger, Anna Bostock. Northwood : Scorpion Press, 1961 * Ernst Fischer : ''Atizay kont ideoloji'', London : Allen, 1969 * Walter Benjamin : ''Konprann Brecht'', Prezantasyon pa Stanley Mitchell. Lond : BNL, 1973 * Georg Lukacs : ''nanm ak fòm'' . Lond : Merlin Press 1974 * Ernst Fischer : ''Nesesite pou atizay : yon apwòch maksis'' . Harmondsworth, Eng. , Penguin edisyon 1981 == Filmografi == * [[1972 (almanak gregoryen)|1972]] : {{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1302546/fullcredits|title=Ways of Seeing (TV Mini Series 1972) - IMDb|access-date=2023-03-30}}. == Referans == {{Referans}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] d7ai4ktt82qmtrpk2q36meihi89vy5v 0 95925 867924 867131 2025-05-31T08:09:03Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2}} '''Bukky Bakray''', fèt an 2002, se yon [[Aktè|aktris]] [[Wayòm Ini|Britanik]]. Li se yon fim byen koni pou premye wòl li nan fim ''Rocks'' 2019. 18 an, li te vin pi jèn moun ki te resevwa prim BAFTA Rising Star la, epi tou yonn nan pi jèn nominasyon yo pou pi bon aktris nan yon wòl prensipal. An 2021, li te enkli nan lis ''[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]'' 30 Under 30 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/30-under-30/2021/europe/entertainment?profile=bukky-bakray|title=Forbes 30 Under 30 Europe 2021: Entertainment|website=[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]}}</ref> . Bukky Bakray te fèt an 2002[1] nan Hackney, nan lès [[Lonn|Lond]], ak paran li ki [[kretyen]] Nijeryen. Li te grandi sou yon pwopriyete nan Lower Clapton, Georgia, toupre kote yo te filme fim Rocks la.<ref>{{Article|nom1=Phillips|prénom1=Emily|titre=My London: Bukky Bakray|périodique=[[Evening Standard]]|date=26 March 2021|lire en ligne=https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/my-london-bukky-bakray-b926058.html|consulté le=28 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Article|nom1=Phillips|prénom1=Emily|titre=My London: Bukky Bakray|périodique=[[Evening Standard]]|date=26 March 2021|lire en ligne=https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/my-london-bukky-bakray-b926058.html|consulté le=28 March 2021}}</ref> Li gen twa frè ak yon sè ki rete nan Lafrik di Sid. Li te ale nan Clapton Girls' Academy ak Cardinal Pole Catholic School.<ref>{{Article|nom1=Williams|prénom1=Holly|titre=Rocks stars: meet the teenage cast of the hot new British film|périodique=[[The Guardian]]|date=8 March 2020|lire en ligne=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/mar/08/rocks-sarah-gavron-interview-film-bukky-bakray-kosar-ali|consulté le=13 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Lien web|nom1=Jones|prénom1=Emma|titre=Unknown east London schoolgirl actresses on 'life-changing' film Rocks|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-54165659|série=BBC|date=17 September 2020|consulté le=13 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Lien web|auteur institutionnel=ClaptonGirlsAcademy|titre=A huge well done to CGA superstars Bukky and Anastasia for your performances in the new film Rocks. Here is an interview with Bukky in Time Out Magazine! Congratulations girls!|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/claptonga/status/1177574044004167680|date=27 September 2019|consulté le=4 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Article|nom1=Chant|prénom1=Holly|titre=Hackney schoolgirl and actress Bukky Bakray wins Bafta|périodique=Hackney Gazette|date=13 April 2021|lire en ligne=https://www.hackneygazette.co.uk/news/bukky-bakray-wins-rising-star-bafta-7894108|consulté le=22 July 2021}}</ref> == Biyografi == Bukky Bakray te rantre nan Konpayi Jèn [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art|RADA]] a epi li te enskri nan pwogram Fòmasyon Aktè Originate nan [[Théâtre Peckham|Teyat Peckham]] <ref>{{Atik}}</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rada.ac.uk/about-us/news-and-press/bafta-breakthrough-awards-rada-actors/|title=BAFTA Breakthrough awards for RADA actors|date=17 November 2020|website=RADA|access-date=11 April 2021}}</ref> . == Karyè == Direktè [[Sarah Gavron]] te dekouvri Bukky Bakray nan lekòl lè li te gen 15 an. Li te ba li wòl prensipal la nan fim li a, ''[[Rocks (film, 2019)|Rocks]]'' <ref>{{Atik}}</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Atik}}</ref> . An 2021, Bukky Bakray te fè premye aparisyon li nan televizyon kòm Bless nan seri [[BBC One]] ''You Don't Know Me (anndan)'' ( ''[[Tu ne me connais pas (série télévisée)|Ou pa konnen m]]'' nan [[Kebèk]] ) <ref>{{Atik}}</ref> . Pou liv ''[[Black Joy (ouvrage)|Black Joy]]'' a, li te ekri [[esè]] ''Rocks: The Official Film Companion'', ki eksplore kijan fim ''[[Rocks (film, 2019)|Rocks]]'' la te fèt epi ki ofri yon apèsi sou pèsonaj yo, plato yo, ak pwosesis kreyatif la. An 2023, li te jwe Kim nan seri ''[[Liaison (série télévisée)|Liaison]]'' [[Apple TV+|sou Apple TV+]] la ak Dione nan fim laterè [[Netflix]] ''The'' ''[[Dans leur ombre|Strays]]'' la ak [[Ashley Madekwe]] . Epitou an 2023, li te jwe nan ''[[Sleepova]]'' nan [[Bush Theatre]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/sleepova-bush_58475.html/|title=''Sleepova'' with Bukky Bakray at Bush Theatre – review|last=Crompton|first=Sarah|date=6 March 2023|website=WhatsOnStage|access-date=23 September 2023}}</ref> An 2021, Bukky Bakray te fè premye aparisyon li nan televizyon kòm Bless nan seri [[BBC One]] ''You Don't Know Me (anndan)'' ( ''[[Tu ne me connais pas (série télévisée)|Ou pa konnen m]]'' nan [[Kebèk]] ) <ref>{{Atik}}</ref> . Pou liv ''[[Black Joy (ouvrage)|Black Joy]]'' a, li te ekri [[esè]] ''Rocks: The Official Film Companion'', ki eksplore kijan fim ''[[Rocks (film, 2019)|Rocks]]'' la te fèt epi ki ofri yon apèsi sou pèsonaj yo, plato yo, ak pwosesis kreyatif la. An 2023, li te jwe Kim nan seri ''[[Liaison (série télévisée)|Liaison]]'' [[Apple TV+|sou Apple TV+]] la ak Dione nan fim laterè [[Netflix]] ''The'' ''[[Dans leur ombre|Strays]]'' la ak [[Ashley Madekwe]] . Epitou an 2023, li te jwe nan ''[[Sleepova]]'' nan [[Bush Theatre]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/sleepova-bush_58475.html/|title=''Sleepova'' with Bukky Bakray at Bush Theatre – review|last=Crompton|first=Sarah|date=6 March 2023|website=WhatsOnStage|access-date=23 September 2023}}</ref> '''Eleanor Vere Boyle''' (née '''Gordon''' ; 1 me 1825 – 29 jiyè 1916) sete yon atis [[Époque victorienne|viktoryen]] eskosè ki te gen sitou ilistrasyon akwarèl nan liv timoun. Ilistrasyon sa yo te gen yon gwo enfliyans sou [[Préraphaélisme|Prerafayelit]] yo, yo te gen anpil detay e kontni ki te twoublan e ki te fè moun pè. Lanmou ak lanmò, de sijè popilè nan atizay Pre-Rafaelit, yo jwenn yo nan travay Boyle a <ref>T. (n.d.). ''Art & Artists''. Retrieved 6 March 2018, from http://www.tate.org.uk/art</ref> . Fondatè [[Confrérie préraphaélite|Fratènite Prerafayelit]] la, [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]], te menm rele travay li " remakab pou konsepsyon li <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref>. Malgre li te youn nan premye [[atis]] fi yo te rekonèt pou reyalizasyon li yo, li te raman ekspoze oswa vann travay li yo, paske sa pa t akseptab etandone orijin aristokratik fanmi li. Pou kache idantite li, li siyen travay li yo ak inisyal li yo. EVB » epi byen vit, anba non sa a, li te vin youn nan ilistratè ki pi enpòtan nan ane 1860 yo <ref name=":0">Zipes, Jack, (2015). ''The oxford companion to fairy tales.'' Oxford University Press.</ref> . == Biyografi == Eleanor Vere Gordon te fèt an 1825 nan Scotland, nan Auchlunies House nan {{Lien|langue=en}}, nan [[Kincardineshire]] (kounye a [[Aberdeenshire]] ). Eleanor se pitit fi {{Lien|langue=en}} nan chato Ellon, pitit gason ilejitim [[George Gordon (3e comte d'Aberdeen)|George Gordon, 3yèm Konte Aberdeen]] . Manman l, Albinia Elizabeth Cumberland, te pitit fi pyès teyat [[Richard Cumberland (auteur dramatique)|Richard Cumberland]] ak [[George Hobart (3e comte de Buckinghamshire)|George Hobart, 3yèm Earl of Buckinghamshire]] . <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Pi piti nan nèf timoun, li te grandi nan mòn Eskosè yo ki bay sou [[Dee (Aberdeenshire)|larivyè Dee]] a. Diplomat {{Lien|langue=en}} te gran frè li. Apre sa, li te etabli li an Angletè epi li te marye ak Onorab Richard Cavendish Boyle, pitit gason [[Edmund Boyle (8e comte de Cork)|8yèm Earl of Cork la]] ak [[Aumônier|aumonye]] [[Victoria (reine)|Rèn Victoria]] . <ref>"Boyle, Eleanor Vere", ''Benezit dictionary of artists'' (2011).</ref> [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 2002]] <references /> [[Kategori:Nesans an Mai 1825]] lagn67m4iftuo2zfm0i0npyt7n6nstz 867925 867924 2025-05-31T08:09:56Z Diego Agado 34785 867925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2}} '''Bukky Bakray''', fèt an 2002, se yon [[Aktè|aktris]] [[Wayòm Ini|Britanik]]. Li se yon fim byen koni pou premye wòl li nan fim ''Rocks'' 2019. 18 an, li te vin pi jèn moun ki te resevwa prim BAFTA Rising Star la, epi tou yonn nan pi jèn nominasyon yo pou pi bon aktris nan yon wòl prensipal. An 2021, li te enkli nan lis ''[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]'' 30 Under 30 .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/30-under-30/2021/europe/entertainment?profile=bukky-bakray|title=Forbes 30 Under 30 Europe 2021: Entertainment|website=[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]}}</ref> Bukky Bakray te fèt an 2002[1] nan Hackney, nan lès [[Lonn|Lond]], ak paran li ki [[kretyen]] Nijeryen. Li te grandi sou yon pwopriyete nan Lower Clapton, Georgia, toupre kote yo te filme fim Rocks la.<ref>{{Article|nom1=Phillips|prénom1=Emily|titre=My London: Bukky Bakray|périodique=[[Evening Standard]]|date=26 March 2021|lire en ligne=https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/my-london-bukky-bakray-b926058.html|consulté le=28 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Article|nom1=Phillips|prénom1=Emily|titre=My London: Bukky Bakray|périodique=[[Evening Standard]]|date=26 March 2021|lire en ligne=https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/my-london-bukky-bakray-b926058.html|consulté le=28 March 2021}}</ref> Li gen twa frè ak yon sè ki rete nan Lafrik di Sid. Li te ale nan Clapton Girls' Academy ak Cardinal Pole Catholic School.<ref>{{Article|nom1=Williams|prénom1=Holly|titre=Rocks stars: meet the teenage cast of the hot new British film|périodique=[[The Guardian]]|date=8 March 2020|lire en ligne=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/mar/08/rocks-sarah-gavron-interview-film-bukky-bakray-kosar-ali|consulté le=13 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Lien web|nom1=Jones|prénom1=Emma|titre=Unknown east London schoolgirl actresses on 'life-changing' film Rocks|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-54165659|série=BBC|date=17 September 2020|consulté le=13 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Lien web|auteur institutionnel=ClaptonGirlsAcademy|titre=A huge well done to CGA superstars Bukky and Anastasia for your performances in the new film Rocks. Here is an interview with Bukky in Time Out Magazine! Congratulations girls!|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/claptonga/status/1177574044004167680|date=27 September 2019|consulté le=4 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Article|nom1=Chant|prénom1=Holly|titre=Hackney schoolgirl and actress Bukky Bakray wins Bafta|périodique=Hackney Gazette|date=13 April 2021|lire en ligne=https://www.hackneygazette.co.uk/news/bukky-bakray-wins-rising-star-bafta-7894108|consulté le=22 July 2021}}</ref> == Biyografi == Bukky Bakray te rantre nan Konpayi Jèn [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art|RADA]] a epi li te enskri nan pwogram Fòmasyon Aktè Originate nan [[Théâtre Peckham|Teyat Peckham]] <ref>{{Atik}}</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rada.ac.uk/about-us/news-and-press/bafta-breakthrough-awards-rada-actors/|title=BAFTA Breakthrough awards for RADA actors|date=17 November 2020|website=RADA|access-date=11 April 2021}}</ref> . == Karyè == Direktè [[Sarah Gavron]] te dekouvri Bukky Bakray nan lekòl lè li te gen 15 an. Li te ba li wòl prensipal la nan fim li a, ''[[Rocks (film, 2019)|Rocks]]'' <ref>{{Atik}}</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Atik}}</ref> . An 2021, Bukky Bakray te fè premye aparisyon li nan televizyon kòm Bless nan seri [[BBC One]] ''You Don't Know Me (anndan)'' ( ''[[Tu ne me connais pas (série télévisée)|Ou pa konnen m]]'' nan [[Kebèk]] ) <ref>{{Atik}}</ref> . Pou liv ''[[Black Joy (ouvrage)|Black Joy]]'' a, li te ekri [[esè]] ''Rocks: The Official Film Companion'', ki eksplore kijan fim ''[[Rocks (film, 2019)|Rocks]]'' la te fèt epi ki ofri yon apèsi sou pèsonaj yo, plato yo, ak pwosesis kreyatif la. An 2023, li te jwe Kim nan seri ''[[Liaison (série télévisée)|Liaison]]'' [[Apple TV+|sou Apple TV+]] la ak Dione nan fim laterè [[Netflix]] ''The'' ''[[Dans leur ombre|Strays]]'' la ak [[Ashley Madekwe]] . Epitou an 2023, li te jwe nan ''[[Sleepova]]'' nan [[Bush Theatre]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/sleepova-bush_58475.html/|title=''Sleepova'' with Bukky Bakray at Bush Theatre – review|last=Crompton|first=Sarah|date=6 March 2023|website=WhatsOnStage|access-date=23 September 2023}}</ref> An 2021, Bukky Bakray te fè premye aparisyon li nan televizyon kòm Bless nan seri [[BBC One]] ''You Don't Know Me (anndan)'' ( ''[[Tu ne me connais pas (série télévisée)|Ou pa konnen m]]'' nan [[Kebèk]] ) <ref>{{Atik}}</ref> . Pou liv ''[[Black Joy (ouvrage)|Black Joy]]'' a, li te ekri [[esè]] ''Rocks: The Official Film Companion'', ki eksplore kijan fim ''[[Rocks (film, 2019)|Rocks]]'' la te fèt epi ki ofri yon apèsi sou pèsonaj yo, plato yo, ak pwosesis kreyatif la. An 2023, li te jwe Kim nan seri ''[[Liaison (série télévisée)|Liaison]]'' [[Apple TV+|sou Apple TV+]] la ak Dione nan fim laterè [[Netflix]] ''The'' ''[[Dans leur ombre|Strays]]'' la ak [[Ashley Madekwe]] . Epitou an 2023, li te jwe nan ''[[Sleepova]]'' nan [[Bush Theatre]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/sleepova-bush_58475.html/|title=''Sleepova'' with Bukky Bakray at Bush Theatre – review|last=Crompton|first=Sarah|date=6 March 2023|website=WhatsOnStage|access-date=23 September 2023}}</ref> '''Eleanor Vere Boyle''' (née '''Gordon''' ; 1 me 1825 – 29 jiyè 1916) sete yon atis [[Époque victorienne|viktoryen]] eskosè ki te gen sitou ilistrasyon akwarèl nan liv timoun. Ilistrasyon sa yo te gen yon gwo enfliyans sou [[Préraphaélisme|Prerafayelit]] yo, yo te gen anpil detay e kontni ki te twoublan e ki te fè moun pè. Lanmou ak lanmò, de sijè popilè nan atizay Pre-Rafaelit, yo jwenn yo nan travay Boyle a <ref>T. (n.d.). ''Art & Artists''. Retrieved 6 March 2018, from http://www.tate.org.uk/art</ref> . Fondatè [[Confrérie préraphaélite|Fratènite Prerafayelit]] la, [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]], te menm rele travay li " remakab pou konsepsyon li <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref>. Malgre li te youn nan premye [[atis]] fi yo te rekonèt pou reyalizasyon li yo, li te raman ekspoze oswa vann travay li yo, paske sa pa t akseptab etandone orijin aristokratik fanmi li. Pou kache idantite li, li siyen travay li yo ak inisyal li yo. EVB » epi byen vit, anba non sa a, li te vin youn nan ilistratè ki pi enpòtan nan ane 1860 yo <ref name=":0">Zipes, Jack, (2015). ''The oxford companion to fairy tales.'' Oxford University Press.</ref> . == Biyografi == Eleanor Vere Gordon te fèt an 1825 nan Scotland, nan Auchlunies House nan {{Lien|langue=en}}, nan [[Kincardineshire]] (kounye a [[Aberdeenshire]] ). Eleanor se pitit fi {{Lien|langue=en}} nan chato Ellon, pitit gason ilejitim [[George Gordon (3e comte d'Aberdeen)|George Gordon, 3yèm Konte Aberdeen]] . Manman l, Albinia Elizabeth Cumberland, te pitit fi pyès teyat [[Richard Cumberland (auteur dramatique)|Richard Cumberland]] ak [[George Hobart (3e comte de Buckinghamshire)|George Hobart, 3yèm Earl of Buckinghamshire]] . <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Pi piti nan nèf timoun, li te grandi nan mòn Eskosè yo ki bay sou [[Dee (Aberdeenshire)|larivyè Dee]] a. Diplomat {{Lien|langue=en}} te gran frè li. Apre sa, li te etabli li an Angletè epi li te marye ak Onorab Richard Cavendish Boyle, pitit gason [[Edmund Boyle (8e comte de Cork)|8yèm Earl of Cork la]] ak [[Aumônier|aumonye]] [[Victoria (reine)|Rèn Victoria]] . <ref>"Boyle, Eleanor Vere", ''Benezit dictionary of artists'' (2011).</ref> == Resous == [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 2002]] <references /> [[Kategori:Nesans an Mai 1825]] 3py1xiclqpfjvs24izphhcqtt1d84u0 867926 867925 2025-05-31T08:11:11Z Diego Agado 34785 867926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2}} '''Bukky Bakray''', fèt an 2002, se yon [[Aktè|aktris]] [[Wayòm Ini|Britanik]]. Li se yon fim byen koni pou premye wòl li nan fim ''Rocks'' 2019. 18 an, li te vin pi jèn moun ki te resevwa prim BAFTA Rising Star la, epi tou yonn nan pi jèn nominasyon yo pou pi bon aktris nan yon wòl prensipal. An 2021, li te enkli nan lis ''[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]'' 30 Under 30 .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/30-under-30/2021/europe/entertainment?profile=bukky-bakray|title=Forbes 30 Under 30 Europe 2021: Entertainment|website=[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]}}</ref> Bukky Bakray te fèt an 2002[1] nan Hackney, nan lès [[Lonn|Lond]], ak paran li ki [[kretyen]] Nijeryen. Li te grandi sou yon pwopriyete nan Lower Clapton, Georgia, toupre kote yo te filme fim Rocks la. Li gen twa frè ak yon sè ki rete nan Lafrik di Sid. Li te ale nan Clapton Girls' Academy ak Cardinal Pole Catholic School.<ref>{{Lien web|nom1=Jones|prénom1=Emma|titre=Unknown east London schoolgirl actresses on 'life-changing' film Rocks|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-54165659|série=BBC|date=17 September 2020|consulté le=13 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Lien web|auteur institutionnel=ClaptonGirlsAcademy|titre=A huge well done to CGA superstars Bukky and Anastasia for your performances in the new film Rocks. Here is an interview with Bukky in Time Out Magazine! Congratulations girls!|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/claptonga/status/1177574044004167680|date=27 September 2019|consulté le=4 June 2021}}</ref> == Biyografi == Bukky Bakray te rantre nan Konpayi Jèn [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art|RADA]] a epi li te enskri nan pwogram Fòmasyon Aktè Originate nan [[Théâtre Peckham|Teyat Peckham]] .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rada.ac.uk/about-us/news-and-press/bafta-breakthrough-awards-rada-actors/|title=BAFTA Breakthrough awards for RADA actors|date=17 November 2020|website=RADA|access-date=11 April 2021}}</ref> == Karyè == Direktè [[Sarah Gavron]] te dekouvri Bukky Bakray nan lekòl lè li te gen 15 an. Li te ba li wòl prensipal la nan fim li a, ''[[Rocks (film, 2019)|Rocks]]'' .<ref>{{Atik}}</ref><ref>{{Atik}}</ref> An 2021, Bukky Bakray te fè premye aparisyon li nan televizyon kòm Bless nan seri [[BBC One]] ''You Don't Know Me (anndan)'' ( ''[[Tu ne me connais pas (série télévisée)|Ou pa konnen m]]'' nan [[Kebèk]] ) <ref>{{Atik}}</ref> . Pou liv ''[[Black Joy (ouvrage)|Black Joy]]'' a, li te ekri [[esè]] ''Rocks: The Official Film Companion'', ki eksplore kijan fim ''[[Rocks (film, 2019)|Rocks]]'' la te fèt epi ki ofri yon apèsi sou pèsonaj yo, plato yo, ak pwosesis kreyatif la. An 2023, li te jwe Kim nan seri ''[[Liaison (série télévisée)|Liaison]]'' [[Apple TV+|sou Apple TV+]] la ak Dione nan fim laterè [[Netflix]] ''The'' ''[[Dans leur ombre|Strays]]'' la ak [[Ashley Madekwe]] . Epitou an 2023, li te jwe nan ''[[Sleepova]]'' nan [[Bush Theatre]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/sleepova-bush_58475.html/|title=''Sleepova'' with Bukky Bakray at Bush Theatre – review|last=Crompton|first=Sarah|date=6 March 2023|website=WhatsOnStage|access-date=23 September 2023}}</ref> An 2021, Bukky Bakray te fè premye aparisyon li nan televizyon kòm Bless nan seri [[BBC One]] ''You Don't Know Me (anndan)'' ( ''[[Tu ne me connais pas (série télévisée)|Ou pa konnen m]]'' nan [[Kebèk]] ) <ref>{{Atik}}</ref> . Pou liv ''[[Black Joy (ouvrage)|Black Joy]]'' a, li te ekri [[esè]] ''Rocks: The Official Film Companion'', ki eksplore kijan fim ''[[Rocks (film, 2019)|Rocks]]'' la te fèt epi ki ofri yon apèsi sou pèsonaj yo, plato yo, ak pwosesis kreyatif la. An 2023, li te jwe Kim nan seri ''[[Liaison (série télévisée)|Liaison]]'' [[Apple TV+|sou Apple TV+]] la ak Dione nan fim laterè [[Netflix]] ''The'' ''[[Dans leur ombre|Strays]]'' la ak [[Ashley Madekwe]] . Epitou an 2023, li te jwe nan ''[[Sleepova]]'' nan [[Bush Theatre]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/sleepova-bush_58475.html/|title=''Sleepova'' with Bukky Bakray at Bush Theatre – review|last=Crompton|first=Sarah|date=6 March 2023|website=WhatsOnStage|access-date=23 September 2023}}</ref> '''Eleanor Vere Boyle''' (née '''Gordon''' ; 1 me 1825 – 29 jiyè 1916) sete yon atis [[Époque victorienne|viktoryen]] eskosè ki te gen sitou ilistrasyon akwarèl nan liv timoun. Ilistrasyon sa yo te gen yon gwo enfliyans sou [[Préraphaélisme|Prerafayelit]] yo, yo te gen anpil detay e kontni ki te twoublan e ki te fè moun pè. Lanmou ak lanmò, de sijè popilè nan atizay Pre-Rafaelit, yo jwenn yo nan travay Boyle a <ref>T. (n.d.). ''Art & Artists''. Retrieved 6 March 2018, from http://www.tate.org.uk/art</ref> . Fondatè [[Confrérie préraphaélite|Fratènite Prerafayelit]] la, [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]], te menm rele travay li " remakab pou konsepsyon li <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref>. Malgre li te youn nan premye [[atis]] fi yo te rekonèt pou reyalizasyon li yo, li te raman ekspoze oswa vann travay li yo, paske sa pa t akseptab etandone orijin aristokratik fanmi li. Pou kache idantite li, li siyen travay li yo ak inisyal li yo. EVB » epi byen vit, anba non sa a, li te vin youn nan ilistratè ki pi enpòtan nan ane 1860 yo <ref name=":0">Zipes, Jack, (2015). ''The oxford companion to fairy tales.'' Oxford University Press.</ref> . == Biyografi == Eleanor Vere Gordon te fèt an 1825 nan Scotland, nan Auchlunies House nan {{Lien|langue=en}}, nan [[Kincardineshire]] (kounye a [[Aberdeenshire]] ). Eleanor se pitit fi {{Lien|langue=en}} nan chato Ellon, pitit gason ilejitim [[George Gordon (3e comte d'Aberdeen)|George Gordon, 3yèm Konte Aberdeen]] . Manman l, Albinia Elizabeth Cumberland, te pitit fi pyès teyat [[Richard Cumberland (auteur dramatique)|Richard Cumberland]] ak [[George Hobart (3e comte de Buckinghamshire)|George Hobart, 3yèm Earl of Buckinghamshire]] . <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Pi piti nan nèf timoun, li te grandi nan mòn Eskosè yo ki bay sou [[Dee (Aberdeenshire)|larivyè Dee]] a. Diplomat {{Lien|langue=en}} te gran frè li. Apre sa, li te etabli li an Angletè epi li te marye ak Onorab Richard Cavendish Boyle, pitit gason [[Edmund Boyle (8e comte de Cork)|8yèm Earl of Cork la]] ak [[Aumônier|aumonye]] [[Victoria (reine)|Rèn Victoria]] . <ref>"Boyle, Eleanor Vere", ''Benezit dictionary of artists'' (2011).</ref> == Resous == [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 2002]] <references /> [[Kategori:Nesans an Mai 1825]] m4xqhomccikii29ki8ui8z4v9gd2vfb 0 95933 867912 867640 2025-05-31T07:52:58Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2}} '''Elena Bacaloglu''' ki te fèt nan [[Boukarès|Bukarès]] nan 19 desanm 1878 epi ki te mouri nan lane 1947 oubyen 1948, ke yo konnen tou sou non fanmi '''Bakaloglu''', '''Bacaloglu-Densusianu''', '''Bacaloglu-Densușeanu''' oubyen sou fòm fransize non li '''Hélène Bacaloglu''', sete yon [[jounalis]], kritik literè, womansyè ak fasis woumen. == Biyografi == === Anfans ak edikasyon === Fanmi Bacaloglu a gen yon enpòtans sosyal ak politik nan sosyete Woumani an. ; Fanmi an desandan D. H. Bacaloglu, yon [[Bulgares de Roumanie|Bilgaryen ki soti Woumani]] ki te dekore avèk [[Ordre de Saint-Stanislas|Lòd Sen Stanislas]] <ref name="ghgb58">Gheorghe G. Bezviconi, ''Necropola Capitalei'', [[Nicolae Iorga Institute of History]], Bucharest, 1972, {{p.|58}}</ref> . Yo mansyone zansèt Bacaloglu yo kòm moun ki te viv nan [[Boukarès|Bukarest]] alantou 1826 apre yo te imigre epi etabli yo pou espekile sou tè. <ref>[[George Potra]], ''Documente privitoare la istoria orașului București (1800–1848)'', [[Editura Academiei]], Bucharest, 1975, {{p.|38, 247–248, 325–326, 525–526}}</ref> Papa Elena Bacaloglu, Alexandru, se yon fonksyonè nan fanmi [[Emanoil Bacaloglu]], epi madanm li se Sofia G. Izvoreanu. Elena gen kat frè, Constantin, Victor, George <ref>Babeș, {{p.|12}}. Vital dates in Onofrei ''et al.'', {{p.|239, 242}}</ref> ak Alexandru ke yo rele Sandi .<ref>''Vestul României'', Nr. 32/1923, {{p.|3}}, 4</ref> Elena Bacaloglu te fèt nan Bukarès nan 19 décembre 1878 <ref name="ac and alxxi">Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxi</ref> . Li te rive nan yon nivo edikasyon ki wo pou epòk li a, li te etidye kilti franse, istwa atizay ak filozofi <ref name="ac and alxxi" /> nan Fakilte Lèt [[Université de Bucarest|Inivèsite Bukarest]] ak nan [[Collège de France|Kolèj de Frans]] <ref>Nastasă (2010), {{p.|51}}, 117, 133–134, 310. See also Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxi</ref> . Nan [[Pari]], li rete ak frè li ak akonpayatè li Constantin Bacaloglu. ; Se la li te rankontre [[Ovid Densușianu|Ovid Densușianu,]] mennaj li alavni <ref>Nastasă (2010), {{p.|133–134}}</ref> . Li te marye ak avoka ak powèt {{Lien|lang=en}} {{Lien|lang=en}} <ref>Călinescu, {{p.|593}}</ref>, apre li te fin reyisi konvenk paran rebèl li yo pou yo kite l marye avè l <ref name="lucaci">"Diverse. Din Capitală. Drama din strada Lucacĭ", in ''[[Epoca (Romania)|Epoca]]'', June 18, 1898, {{p.|2}}</ref> . Yo te fiyanse 19 desanm 1896, epi yo te marye an janvye, avèk politisyen Nicolae Filipescu kòm temwen. <ref>"Ultime informațiuni", in ''[[Epoca (Romania)|Epoca]]'', December 24, 1896, {{p.|3}}</ref> . Yo gen yon pitit fi <ref name="lucaci" /> . An 1897, Rosetti pa t kapab pran swen madanm li ak pitit fi li epi li te kite kay la. ; Bacaloglu retounen pou l viv ak papa l. Nan mwa jen ane apre a, li te eseye swisid lè li te tire tèt li nan tors. ; Yo te sove l apre yon operasyon ijans nan poumon dwat li <ref name="lucaci2">"Diverse. Din Capitală. Drama din strada Lucacĭ", in ''[[Epoca (Romania)|Epoca]]'', June 18, 1898, {{p.|2}}</ref> . Divòs ant Rosetti ak Bacaloglu te pwononse an 1899 <ref name="ln(10)51">Nastasă (2010), {{p.|51}}</ref> . Nan dat 7 Out 1902 <ref>Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxxv; Nastasă (2010), {{p.|134}}</ref>, Bacaloglu te marye ak Ovid Densușianu. ; Nan mwa mas oswa avril 1904, yo te fè yon pitit gason, Ovid Junior <ref>Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxxvi</ref><ref name="mșovidaron">Maria Șveț, "Ovid-Aron Densușianu", in ''Calendar Național 2004: Anul Ștefan cel Mare și Sfânt'', [[National Library of Moldova]], Chișinău, 2004, {{p.|110}}. {{ISBN|9975-9992-9-8}}</ref> . An 1903, Bacaloglu te pibliye premye monografi li a, Despre simbolizm și Maeterlinck<ref>Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxi, xxxvi; Mitchievici, {{p.|130–133}}; Onofrei ''et al.'', {{p.|243}}</ref> . Sa a se youn nan tantativ yon otè Women fè pou defini limit [[Senbolis (atizay)|senbolis]], [[Décadence|dekadans]] ak [[Modernité en poésie|modènite]], epi travay li fè pati seri esè Alexandru Bibescu ak {{Lien|trad=Izabela Sadoveanu-Evan}} . Li se premye moun ki etidye ''[[Serres chaudes|sèr]]'' yo nan yon pèspektiv Women <ref>Mitchievici, {{p.|131–133}}, 135</ref> . Nan 1904, Bacaloglu divòse Densusianu. <ref name=":0">Payne, {{p.|135}}</ref> An 1906, Bacaloglu te pibliye yon [[Roman psychologique|woman sikolojik]], În luptă , Lè sa a, yon lòt woman an 1908, Două torțe <ref name="ac and alxxi; no and al243">Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxi; Onofrei ''et al.'', {{p.|243}}</ref> . Liv li yo kritike literè ''Viața Românească (anndan)'', ki deklare ke li enposib pou li premye woman an nan antye li <ref>P. N., "Recenzii. Elena Bacaloglu, ''În luptă''", in ''[[Viața Românească]]'', Nr. 4/1906, {{p.|175–176}}</ref> . [[Académie roumaine|Akademi Women an]] resevwa yon aplikasyon pou woman an pou pri literati anyèl la, men li rejte li, li deklare ke teknik ekriti Bacaloglu a twò « tòtire " epi ke li pa gen yon metriz ase nan lang literè women an <ref>"Secțiunea literară. Premiul Năsturel", in ''Analele Academiei Române. Seria II'', Vol. XXIX, 1906–1907, {{p.|251}}, 266–267</ref> ." Gen lòt ekriti li yo ki pibliye nan magazin <ref>Elena Bacaloglu, "Vis și realitate", in ''[[Noua Revistă Română]]'', Nr. 9/1908, {{p.|129–137}}</ref> {{,}} <ref>"Revista Revistelor", in ''[[Noua Revistă Română]]'', Nr. 6/1909, {{p.|306}}</ref> . == Demenaje nan peyi Itali == Apre divòs li a, Bacaloglu te vwayaje nan Ewòp de Lwès <ref name="ac and alxxi2">Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxi</ref>, e sitou nan [[Itali]] kote li te ekri pou ''Madame'', ''L'Idea Nazionale (anndan)'' ak ''[[Il Giornale d'Italia]]'' <ref name="fs174">Sallusto, {{p.|174}}</ref> . An 1908, pandan kèk mwa, li te gen yon relasyon ak [[Salvatore Di Giacomo|Salvatore Di Giacomo.]] ; Li te tradui ''Assunta Spina'' li an women nan mwa Out 1909 <ref name="fs174" /> . Li te marye ak yon Italyen <ref name=":02">Payne, {{p.|135}}</ref> . Nan kòmansman ane 1910 yo, Bacaloglu te rete nan [[Wòm (Itali)|lavil Wòm]]. Nan mwa septanm 1912, li te pibliye yon monografi sou relasyon ekstramarital ant powèt [[Gheorghe Asachi]] a ak miz italyen li Bianca Milesi <ref>Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxi; Călinescu, {{p.|983}}; Onofrei ''et al.'', {{p.|242–243}}</ref> . Li te resevwa Meday Merit [[Carol Ier|Carol I]] <ref name="cb(05)101">Burcea (2005), {{p.|101}}</ref> epi li te tradui ekriti madanm li [[Élisabeth de Wied|Elisabeth de Wied]] an franse <ref name="transeu4">"Transeuntes literarios", in ''[[La Gaceta Literaria]]'', Nr. 46/1928, {{p.|4}}</ref> . Li te reprezante Woumani nan ekspozisyon nasyonal la nan [[Château Saint-Ange|Castel Sant'Angelo]] epi, sou non Helene Bacaloglu, li te bay konferans sou Di Giacomo. Pandan tan sa a, li te antre an konfli ak [[Alexandru Tzigara-Samurcaș]], ki te ranplase li nan Ekspozisyon Nasyonal la epi ki te kritike pèsonalite ak talan li <ref>[[Alexandru Tzigara-Samurcaș]], ''Memorii. II: 1910–1918'', Grai și Suflet – Cultura Națională, Bucharest, 1999, {{p.|9}}. {{ISBN|973-95405-1-1}}</ref> . Bacaloglu te pibliye vèsyon pa l sou evènman yo nan fòm yon ti liv <ref>"Memento", in ''[[Noua Revistă Română]]'', Nr. 23/1912, {{p.|356}}; Onofrei ''et al.'', {{p.|243}}</ref> . Konferans li yo sou Di Giacomo te resevwa yon akèy pozitif nan men kritik yo. Sepandan, tout kolaborasyon li yo te entèwonp lè patnè literè li yo te di yo te fatige ak pèsonalite li ak move kalite ekriti li <ref>Sallusto, {{p.|174–175}}</ref> . An 1912, li te rantre nan {{Lien|langue=ro|trad=Societatea Scriitorilor Români|fr=Société des auteurs roumains}} <ref name="ln(10)512">Nastasă (2010), {{p.|51}}</ref> . Yon ti tan apre [[Premyè Gè mondyal|Premye Gè Mondyal la]] te eklate, Bacaloglu te kòmanse yon kanpay [[Interventionnisme militaire|entèvansyonis]] pou pouse Woumani, ki te net nan moman sa a, antre nan [[Triple-Entente|Tripl Antante]] a epi li te fè kanpay pou aneksyon [[Transylvanie austro-hongroise|Transilvani Austro-Ongaryen an]] pa Woumani. Nan Bukarest, li te pibliye redaksyon an Italyen Per la Grande Rumania ak tèks la an franse ''Prèv lanmou.'' ''Konferans Patriotik <ref name="ac and alxxi; no and al2432">Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxi; Onofrei ''et al.'', {{p.|243}}</ref> .'' Li defann yon apwòch [[Pan-latinisme|pan-latinis]] epi li fè pati asosyasyon ''Latina Gens'', ki vize yon federasyon eta laten yo <ref>Tomi, {{p.|280–282}}</ref> . Se pandan travay li pou asosyasyon sa a li te rankontre [[Luigi Cadorna]], ki te vin pwotektè li <ref name="atti6329">[http://storia.camera.it/regno/lavori/leg26/sed137.pdf "2a tornata di venerdì 16 giugno 1922. Interrogazioni e interpellanza"], in ''Atti Parlamentari. Legislatura XXVI: CXXVII'', {{p.|6329}}</ref>, epi [[Sidney Sonnino]] <ref name="cb(05)1012">Burcea (2005), {{p.|101}}</ref> . Li te eseye popilarize kòz Women an sou [[Front italien|fron italyen]] an, men efò li yo te entèwonp pa defèt nan [[Bataille de Caporetto|batay Caporetto]] an Oktòb 1917, ki te fòse l pran refij nan [[Gênes|Genoa]] . <ref name="atti63292">[http://storia.camera.it/regno/lavori/leg26/sed137.pdf "2a tornata di venerdì 16 giugno 1922. Interrogazioni e interpellanza"], in ''Atti Parlamentari. Legislatura XXVI: CXXVII'', {{p.|6329}}</ref> Apre sa, li jwe yon wòl nan kreyasyon « Lejyon Women an Itali ", yon gwoup militè ki te konpoze de Women ki soti Transilvani ak senpatizan Italyen, ki te opoze ak [[Empires centraux|Puisans Santral]] yo nan peyi Itali. Sepandan, li pa te envite nan seremoni fondasyon lejyon an, ki te fèt nan [[Cittaducale]] an jen 1918 .<ref>Tomi, {{p.|281–282}}</ref> Sepandan, pandan li te angaje nan fachis, li te antre an konfli ak otorite Woumani yo. [[Parti national fasciste|Pati Nasyonal Fachis]] Mussoloni a te defann li, epi [[Luigi Federzoni]] te akize leta Woumani an kòm si li te vle kidnape li epi fè l pe bouch li ak fòs <ref>{{It}} [http://storia.camera.it/regno/lavori/leg25/sed079.pdf "2a tornata di lunedì 2 agosto 1920. Interrogazioni e interpellanza"], in ''Atti Parlamentari. Legislatura XXV: LXXIX'', {{p.|4672}}</ref> . An 1922, tribinal [[Casale Monferrato]] a te tande yon pwosè pou vyolasyon pwopriyete entelektyèl ke li te depoze kont leta women an <ref name="atti63293">[http://storia.camera.it/regno/lavori/leg26/sed137.pdf "2a tornata di venerdì 16 giugno 1922. Interrogazioni e interpellanza"], in ''Atti Parlamentari. Legislatura XXVI: CXXVII'', {{p.|6329}}</ref> . Bacaloglu te plenyen ankò ke ajan {{Lang|ro|Siguranța}} yo te eseye kidnape li pandan [[Accords de Gênes|Akò Genoa yo]] <ref name="atti63293" />, epi nan menm ane a [[Alessandro Dudan]], yon depite fachis, te defann li, ki te akize Woumani ankò pou abi pouvwa .<ref name="atti63293" /> Tout anbasadè women ki te vin apre yo te nye akizasyon Bacaloglu yo, epi yo te akize l de reveye sou pèsekisyon li t ap sibi a .<ref name="cb(05)1013">Burcea (2005), {{p.|101}}</ref> == Angajman fasis == Apre Premye Gè Mondyal la, Elena Bacaloglu te rete nan peyi Itali kote li te ekri pou ''[[Universul]]'', yon jounal chak jou nan Bukarès <ref>"O mare prietenă...", {{p.|95}}</ref> . Li te youn nan premye Women yo ki te familyarize yo ak dwa ekstrèm Ewopeyen modèn nan <ref>Bucur, {{p.|77}}; Heinen, {{p.|103}}</ref> epi li te vle transplante [[Histoire de l'Italie fasciste|fachis Italyen an]] nan Woumani. Pwojè sa a te fasine l depi ''[[Biennio rosso|Biennio Rosso]]'' a, kote li te fè echanj remak proto-fachis ak [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]] <ref name="ah103">Heinen, {{p.|103}}</ref> epi li te ekri pou ''[[Il Popolo d'Italia]]'' <ref>"O mare prietenă...", {{p.|95–96}}</ref> . Li te voye lèt bay [[Benito mussolini|Benito Mussolini]], ki pa t pran l oserye <ref name="ah103" /> . Li te konn diskite regilyèman avèk [[Giuseppe Bottai]] epi [[Piero Bolzon]], ki te dakò pou yo rantre nan gwoup travay li sou fachis woumen an <ref name="ah103" /> . Li se zanmi tou ak [[Benedetto Croce]] <ref name="ln(10)513">Nastasă (2010), {{p.|51}}</ref> . Dapre [[Victor Babeș]], li se pi gwo pwopagandis Women an aletranje, e sitou an Itali <ref>Babeș, {{p.|12}}</ref> . Kòz Gran Woumani an fasine de nan frè l yo tou. Victor, otè pyès teyat patriyotik <ref>Onofrei ''et al.'', {{p.|242}}</ref>, te kreye youn nan premye jounal women yo nan [[Bessarabie|Bessarabia]], epi George te goumen pandan Premye Gè Mondyal la epi li te vin prefè nan [[Județ de Bihor|Județ Bihor]] <ref>Babeș, {{p.|12–13}}</ref> . Elena, Constantin ak Victor te tout korespondan pou magazin kiltirèl frè yo Georges la jiska mitan ane 1930 yo <ref>Ileana-Stanca Desa, Elena Ioana Mălușanu, Cornelia Luminița Radu, Iliana Sulică, ''Publicațiile periodice românești (ziare, gazete, reviste). Vol. V, 1: Catalog alfabetic 1931–1935'', [[Editura Academiei]], Bucharest, 2009, {{p.|261}}. {{ISBN|973-27-0980-4}}</ref> . Sepandan, pandan li te angaje nan fachis, li te antre an konfli ak otorite Woumani yo. [[Parti national fasciste|Pati Nasyonal Fachis]] Mussoloni a te defann li, epi [[Luigi Federzoni]] te akize leta Woumani an kòm si li te vle kidnape li epi fè l pe bouch li ak fòs <ref>{{It}} [http://storia.camera.it/regno/lavori/leg25/sed079.pdf "2a tornata di lunedì 2 agosto 1920. Interrogazioni e interpellanza"], in ''Atti Parlamentari. Legislatura XXV: LXXIX'', {{p.|4672}}</ref> . An 1922, tribinal [[Casale Monferrato]] a te tande yon pwosè pou vyolasyon pwopriyete entelektyèl ke li te depoze kont leta women an <ref name="atti63294">[http://storia.camera.it/regno/lavori/leg26/sed137.pdf "2a tornata di venerdì 16 giugno 1922. Interrogazioni e interpellanza"], in ''Atti Parlamentari. Legislatura XXVI: CXXVII'', {{p.|6329}}</ref> . Bacaloglu te plenyen ankò ke ajan {{Lang|ro|Siguranța}} yo te eseye kidnape li pandan [[Accords de Gênes|Akò Genoa yo]] <ref name="atti63294" />, epi nan menm ane a [[Alessandro Dudan]], yon depite fachis, te defann li, ki te akize Woumani ankò pou abi pouvwa <ref name="atti63294" /> . Tout anbasadè women ki te vin apre yo te nye akizasyon Bacaloglu yo, epi yo te akize l de reveye sou pèsekisyon li t ap sibi a <ref name="cb(05)1014">Burcea (2005), {{p.|101}}</ref> . Mussolini te pran Bacaloglu pi oserye pase anvan epi li te ekri l regilyèman, li ba li enstriksyon detaye sou « Ekspansyonis Latin nan " ak sou koperasyon ekonomik kont kapitalis." Bacaloglu te fè lèt yo piblik nan bwochi l ' ''{{Lang|it|Movimento nazionale fascista italo-romeno. Creazione e governo}}'' ''{{Lang|it|Movimento nazionale fascista italo-romeno. Creazione e governo}}'' apre [[Marche sur Rome|mach sou Wòm]] <ref>Epure, {{p.|116}}; Heinen, {{p.|103}}</ref> . Li ap eseye aktivman pou anpeche yon rapwòchman politik ant Itali ak [[Ongri]], rival istorik Woumani an <ref name="cb(05)1015">Burcea (2005), {{p.|101}}</ref> . Li akize gouvènman women an kòm si l ap peye Lafrans nan atik li pibliye pou jounal italyen yo <ref>Epure, {{p.|116}}</ref> . An 1921, avèk apwobasyon Mussolini, li te kreye yon asosyasyon fachis Italo-Women, ki pita te vin tounen Mouvement national culturel et économique italo-roumain (anndan) oubyen MNFIR <ref>Clark, {{p.|38}}; Heinen, {{p.|102–104}}</ref> . Manm asosyasyon an te louvri lig fachis nan Woumani, epi youn nan premye sèk yo te louvri nan [[Cluj-Napoca]], [[kapital]] rejyonal Transylvania <ref>Attila Gidó, ''Două decenii. Evreii din Cluj în perioada interbelică'', Editura Institutului pentru Studierea Problemelor Minorităților Naționale, Cluj-Napoca, 2014, {{p.|139}}. {{ISBN|978-606-8377-28-5}}</ref> . Mouvman Italyo-Roumen an antisemit, alòske fachis Italyen yo poko antisemit <ref name="fv140">Francisco Veiga, ''La mística del ultranacionalismo: Historia de la Guardia de Hierro, Rumania, 1919–1941'', [[Autonomous University of Barcelona]], Bellaterra, 1989, {{p.|140}}. {{ISBN|84-7488-497-7}}</ref> . Gwoup la gen sipò Constantin Bacaloglu, ki travay nan [[Université de Iaşi|Inivèsite Iași]] avèk enfliyansè antisemit [[A. C. Cuza|A.]] [[A. C. Cuza|C.]] [[A. C. Cuza|Kouza]] , epi ki sipòte ekspilsyon etidyan jwif yo soti Woumani <ref>Nastasă (2011), {{p.|218, 234, 238, 240, 243, 268, 301, 304–305}}</ref> . Bacaloglu itilize anpil [[Action Française]] pou nasyonalis anti-endistriyèl ak popilis li a <ref>Constantini, {{p.|20}}</ref> . Branch Women an nan fachism italyen an rete minè. Li pataje ak anpil gwoup paramilitè yon rayisman pou kominis ak demokrasi, men se sèl gwoup ki enspire dirèkteman pa Mussoloni <ref>Constantini, {{p.|19}}</ref> . MNFIR a te divize an 1922 epi faksyon ki pi puisan li yo te fizyone ak pati fachis woumen an, {{Lien|lang=ro}} <ref>Clark, {{p.|38}}; Heinen, {{p.|103–104}}</ref> . An 1923, Bacaloglu te fonde yon nouvo mouvman nasyonal anba menm non ak ansyen an epi li te òganize dirèkteman sou modèl fachis italyen yo <ref>Bucur, {{p.|77}}; Constantini, {{p.|19–20}}; Epure, {{p.|115–116}}; Heinen, {{p.|102–104}}</ref> . Sou 30 desanm 1923, Bacaloglu te fonde jounal pwopagann chak semèn ''Mișcarea Națională Fascistă'', kote li te rele tèt li direktè politik. <ref>Marin Petcu (ed.), ''Istoria jurnalismului din România în date. Enciclopedie cronologică'', [[Polirom]], Iași, 2012, {{p.|1941}}. {{ISBN|978-973-46-3855-0}}</ref> Li gen anviwon san manm <ref>Bucur, {{p.|77}}; Constantini, {{p.|20}}; Heinen, {{p.|103}}</ref>, yon ti kantite, men ki gen ladan l moun enpòtan nan sosyete women an, an patikilye pèsonèl militè ak etidyan <ref name="fv1402">Francisco Veiga, ''La mística del ultranacionalismo: Historia de la Guardia de Hierro, Rumania, 1919–1941'', [[Autonomous University of Barcelona]], Bellaterra, 1989, {{p.|140}}. {{ISBN|84-7488-497-7}}</ref> . Mouvman an santre sitou sou [[Université de Cluj|Inivèsite Cluj]] <ref>Constantini, {{p.|20}}; Heinen, {{p.|103}}</ref> ak Inivèsite Iași <ref>Nastasă (2011), {{p.|40}}</ref> . Fanm yo pa vrèman prezan nan mouvman an <ref>Bucur, ''passim''</ref> . == Resous == [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] <references /> [[Kategori:Fasis]] 9c92a9b63mfd617bgc5yoej5m5t9n8r 867913 867912 2025-05-31T07:55:18Z Diego Agado 34785 867913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2}} '''Elena Bacaloglu''' ki te fèt nan [[Boukarès|Bukarès]] nan 19 desanm 1878 epi ki te mouri nan lane 1947 oubyen 1948, ke yo konnen tou sou non fanmi '''Bakaloglu''', '''Bacaloglu-Densusianu''', '''Bacaloglu-Densușeanu''' oubyen sou fòm fransize non li '''Hélène Bacaloglu''', sete yon [[jounalis]], kritik literè, womansyè ak fasis woumen. == Biyografi == === Anfans ak edikasyon === Fanmi Bacaloglu a gen yon enpòtans sosyal ak politik nan sosyete Woumani an. ; Fanmi an desandan D. H. Bacaloglu, yon [[Bulgares de Roumanie|Bilgaryen ki soti Woumani]] ki te dekore avèk [[Ordre de Saint-Stanislas|Lòd Sen Stanislas]] <ref name="ghgb58">Gheorghe G. Bezviconi, ''Necropola Capitalei'', [[Nicolae Iorga Institute of History]], Bucharest, 1972, {{p.|58}}</ref> . Yo mansyone zansèt Bacaloglu yo kòm moun ki te viv nan [[Boukarès|Bukarest]] alantou 1826 apre yo te imigre epi etabli yo pou espekile sou tè. <ref>[[George Potra]], ''Documente privitoare la istoria orașului București (1800–1848)'', [[Editura Academiei]], Bucharest, 1975, {{p.|38, 247–248, 325–326, 525–526}}</ref> Papa Elena Bacaloglu, Alexandru, se yon fonksyonè nan fanmi [[Emanoil Bacaloglu]], epi madanm li se Sofia G. Izvoreanu. Elena gen kat frè, Constantin, Victor, George <ref>Babeș, {{p.|12}}. Vital dates in Onofrei ''et al.'', {{p.|239, 242}}</ref> ak Alexandru ke yo rele Sandi .<ref>''Vestul României'', Nr. 32/1923, {{p.|3}}, 4</ref> Elena Bacaloglu te fèt nan Bukarès nan 19 décembre 1878 <ref name="ac and alxxi">Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxi</ref> . Li te rive nan yon nivo edikasyon ki wo pou epòk li a, li te etidye kilti franse, istwa atizay ak filozofi <ref name="ac and alxxi" /> nan Fakilte Lèt [[Université de Bucarest|Inivèsite Bukarest]] ak nan [[Collège de France|Kolèj de Frans]] <ref>Nastasă (2010), {{p.|51}}, 117, 133–134, 310. See also Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxi</ref> . Nan [[Pari]], li rete ak frè li ak akonpayatè li Constantin Bacaloglu. ; Se la li te rankontre [[Ovid Densușianu|Ovid Densușianu,]] mennaj li alavni <ref>Nastasă (2010), {{p.|133–134}}</ref> . Li te marye ak avoka ak powèt {{Lien|lang=en}} {{Lien|lang=en}} <ref>Călinescu, {{p.|593}}</ref>, apre li te fin reyisi konvenk paran rebèl li yo pou yo kite l marye avè l <ref name="lucaci">"Diverse. Din Capitală. Drama din strada Lucacĭ", in ''[[Epoca (Romania)|Epoca]]'', June 18, 1898, {{p.|2}}</ref> . Yo te fiyanse 19 desanm 1896, epi yo te marye an janvye, avèk politisyen Nicolae Filipescu kòm temwen. <ref>"Ultime informațiuni", in ''[[Epoca (Romania)|Epoca]]'', December 24, 1896, {{p.|3}}</ref> . Yo gen yon pitit fi <ref name="lucaci" /> . An 1897, Rosetti pa t kapab pran swen madanm li ak pitit fi li epi li te kite kay la. ; Bacaloglu retounen pou l viv ak papa l. Nan mwa jen ane apre a, li te eseye swisid lè li te tire tèt li nan tors. ; Yo te sove l apre yon operasyon ijans nan poumon dwat li <ref name="lucaci2">"Diverse. Din Capitală. Drama din strada Lucacĭ", in ''[[Epoca (Romania)|Epoca]]'', June 18, 1898, {{p.|2}}</ref> . Divòs ant Rosetti ak Bacaloglu te pwononse an 1899 <ref name="ln(10)51">Nastasă (2010), {{p.|51}}</ref> . Nan dat 7 Out 1902 <ref>Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxxv; Nastasă (2010), {{p.|134}}</ref>, Bacaloglu te marye ak Ovid Densușianu. ; Nan mwa mas oswa avril 1904, yo te fè yon pitit gason, Ovid Junior <ref>Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxxvi</ref><ref name="mșovidaron">Maria Șveț, "Ovid-Aron Densușianu", in ''Calendar Național 2004: Anul Ștefan cel Mare și Sfânt'', [[National Library of Moldova]], Chișinău, 2004, {{p.|110}}. {{ISBN|9975-9992-9-8}}</ref> . An 1903, Bacaloglu te pibliye premye monografi li a, Despre simbolizm și Maeterlinck<ref>Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxi, xxxvi; Mitchievici, {{p.|130–133}}; Onofrei ''et al.'', {{p.|243}}</ref> . Sa a se youn nan tantativ yon otè Women fè pou defini limit [[Senbolis (atizay)|senbolis]], [[Décadence|dekadans]] ak [[Modernité en poésie|modènite]], epi travay li fè pati seri esè Alexandru Bibescu ak {{Lien|trad=Izabela Sadoveanu-Evan}} . Li se premye moun ki etidye ''[[Serres chaudes|sèr]]'' yo nan yon pèspektiv Women.<ref>Mitchievici, {{p.|131–133}}, 135</ref> Nan 1904, Bacaloglu divòse Densusianu.<ref name=":0">Payne, {{p.|135}}</ref> An 1906, Bacaloglu te pibliye yon [[Roman psychologique|woman sikolojik]], În luptă , Lè sa a, yon lòt woman an 1908, Două torțe <ref name="ac and alxxi; no and al243">Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxi; Onofrei ''et al.'', {{p.|243}}</ref> . Liv li yo kritike literè ''Viața Românească (anndan)'', ki deklare ke li enposib pou li premye woman an nan antye li <ref>P. N., "Recenzii. Elena Bacaloglu, ''În luptă''", in ''[[Viața Românească]]'', Nr. 4/1906, {{p.|175–176}}</ref> . [[Académie roumaine|Akademi Women an]] resevwa yon aplikasyon pou woman an pou pri literati anyèl la, men li rejte li, li deklare ke teknik ekriti Bacaloglu a twò « tòtire " epi ke li pa gen yon metriz ase nan lang literè women an <ref>"Secțiunea literară. Premiul Năsturel", in ''Analele Academiei Române. Seria II'', Vol. XXIX, 1906–1907, {{p.|251}}, 266–267</ref> ." Gen lòt ekriti li yo ki pibliye nan magazin <ref>Elena Bacaloglu, "Vis și realitate", in ''[[Noua Revistă Română]]'', Nr. 9/1908, {{p.|129–137}}</ref> {{,}} <ref>"Revista Revistelor", in ''[[Noua Revistă Română]]'', Nr. 6/1909, {{p.|306}}</ref> . == Demenaje nan peyi Itali == Apre divòs li a, Bacaloglu te vwayaje nan Ewòp de Lwès <ref name="ac and alxxi2">Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxi</ref>, e sitou nan [[Itali]] kote li te ekri pou ''Madame'', ''L'Idea Nazionale (anndan)'' ak ''[[Il Giornale d'Italia]]'' <ref name="fs174">Sallusto, {{p.|174}}</ref> . An 1908, pandan kèk mwa, li te gen yon relasyon ak [[Salvatore Di Giacomo|Salvatore Di Giacomo.]] ; Li te tradui ''Assunta Spina'' li an women nan mwa Out 1909 <ref name="fs174" /> . Li te marye ak yon Italyen.<ref name=":02">Payne, {{p.|135}}</ref> Nan kòmansman ane 1910 yo, Bacaloglu te rete nan [[Wòm (Itali)|lavil Wòm]]. Nan mwa septanm 1912, li te pibliye yon monografi sou relasyon ekstramarital ant powèt [[Gheorghe Asachi]] a ak miz italyen li Bianca Milesi <ref>Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxi; Călinescu, {{p.|983}}; Onofrei ''et al.'', {{p.|242–243}}</ref> . Li te resevwa Meday Merit [[Carol Ier|Carol I]] <ref name="cb(05)101">Burcea (2005), {{p.|101}}</ref> epi li te tradui ekriti madanm li [[Élisabeth de Wied|Elisabeth de Wied]] an franse <ref name="transeu4">"Transeuntes literarios", in ''[[La Gaceta Literaria]]'', Nr. 46/1928, {{p.|4}}</ref> . Li te reprezante Woumani nan ekspozisyon nasyonal la nan [[Château Saint-Ange|Castel Sant'Angelo]] epi, sou non Helene Bacaloglu, li te bay konferans sou Di Giacomo. Pandan tan sa a, li te antre an konfli ak [[Alexandru Tzigara-Samurcaș]], ki te ranplase li nan Ekspozisyon Nasyonal la epi ki te kritike pèsonalite ak talan li <ref>[[Alexandru Tzigara-Samurcaș]], ''Memorii. II: 1910–1918'', Grai și Suflet – Cultura Națională, Bucharest, 1999, {{p.|9}}. {{ISBN|973-95405-1-1}}</ref> . Bacaloglu te pibliye vèsyon pa l sou evènman yo nan fòm yon ti liv <ref>"Memento", in ''[[Noua Revistă Română]]'', Nr. 23/1912, {{p.|356}}; Onofrei ''et al.'', {{p.|243}}</ref> . Konferans li yo sou Di Giacomo te resevwa yon akèy pozitif nan men kritik yo. Sepandan, tout kolaborasyon li yo te entèwonp lè patnè literè li yo te di yo te fatige ak pèsonalite li ak move kalite ekriti li <ref>Sallusto, {{p.|174–175}}</ref> . An 1912, li te rantre nan {{Lien|langue=ro|trad=Societatea Scriitorilor Români|fr=Société des auteurs roumains}} <ref name="ln(10)512">Nastasă (2010), {{p.|51}}</ref> . Yon ti tan apre [[Premyè Gè mondyal|Premye Gè Mondyal la]] te eklate, Bacaloglu te kòmanse yon kanpay [[Interventionnisme militaire|entèvansyonis]] pou pouse Woumani, ki te net nan moman sa a, antre nan [[Triple-Entente|Tripl Antante]] a epi li te fè kanpay pou aneksyon [[Transylvanie austro-hongroise|Transilvani Austro-Ongaryen an]] pa Woumani. Nan Bukarest, li te pibliye redaksyon an Italyen Per la Grande Rumania ak tèks la an franse ''Prèv lanmou.'' ''Konferans Patriotik <ref name="ac and alxxi; no and al2432">Calangiu ''et al.'', p.xxi; Onofrei ''et al.'', {{p.|243}}</ref> .'' Li defann yon apwòch [[Pan-latinisme|pan-latinis]] epi li fè pati asosyasyon ''Latina Gens'', ki vize yon federasyon eta laten yo <ref>Tomi, {{p.|280–282}}</ref> . Se pandan travay li pou asosyasyon sa a li te rankontre [[Luigi Cadorna]], ki te vin pwotektè li <ref name="atti6329">[http://storia.camera.it/regno/lavori/leg26/sed137.pdf "2a tornata di venerdì 16 giugno 1922. Interrogazioni e interpellanza"], in ''Atti Parlamentari. Legislatura XXVI: CXXVII'', {{p.|6329}}</ref>, epi [[Sidney Sonnino]] <ref name="cb(05)1012">Burcea (2005), {{p.|101}}</ref> . Li te eseye popilarize kòz Women an sou [[Front italien|fron italyen]] an, men efò li yo te entèwonp pa defèt nan [[Bataille de Caporetto|batay Caporetto]] an Oktòb 1917, ki te fòse l pran refij nan [[Gênes|Genoa]] . <ref name="atti63292">[http://storia.camera.it/regno/lavori/leg26/sed137.pdf "2a tornata di venerdì 16 giugno 1922. Interrogazioni e interpellanza"], in ''Atti Parlamentari. Legislatura XXVI: CXXVII'', {{p.|6329}}</ref> Apre sa, li jwe yon wòl nan kreyasyon « Lejyon Women an Itali ", yon gwoup militè ki te konpoze de Women ki soti Transilvani ak senpatizan Italyen, ki te opoze ak [[Empires centraux|Puisans Santral]] yo nan peyi Itali. Sepandan, li pa te envite nan seremoni fondasyon lejyon an, ki te fèt nan [[Cittaducale]] an jen 1918 .<ref>Tomi, {{p.|281–282}}</ref> Sepandan, pandan li te angaje nan fachis, li te antre an konfli ak otorite Woumani yo. [[Parti national fasciste|Pati Nasyonal Fachis]] Mussoloni a te defann li, epi [[Luigi Federzoni]] te akize leta Woumani an kòm si li te vle kidnape li epi fè l pe bouch li ak fòs <ref>{{It}} [http://storia.camera.it/regno/lavori/leg25/sed079.pdf "2a tornata di lunedì 2 agosto 1920. Interrogazioni e interpellanza"], in ''Atti Parlamentari. Legislatura XXV: LXXIX'', {{p.|4672}}</ref> . An 1922, tribinal [[Casale Monferrato]] a te tande yon pwosè pou vyolasyon pwopriyete entelektyèl ke li te depoze kont leta women an <ref name="atti63293">[http://storia.camera.it/regno/lavori/leg26/sed137.pdf "2a tornata di venerdì 16 giugno 1922. Interrogazioni e interpellanza"], in ''Atti Parlamentari. Legislatura XXVI: CXXVII'', {{p.|6329}}</ref> . Bacaloglu te plenyen ankò ke ajan {{Lang|ro|Siguranța}} yo te eseye kidnape li pandan [[Accords de Gênes|Akò Genoa yo]] <ref name="atti63293" />, epi nan menm ane a [[Alessandro Dudan]], yon depite fachis, te defann li, ki te akize Woumani ankò pou abi pouvwa .<ref name="atti63293" /> Tout anbasadè women ki te vin apre yo te nye akizasyon Bacaloglu yo, epi yo te akize l de reveye sou pèsekisyon li t ap sibi a .<ref name="cb(05)1013">Burcea (2005), {{p.|101}}</ref> == Angajman fasis == Apre Premye Gè Mondyal la, Elena Bacaloglu te rete nan peyi Itali kote li te ekri pou ''[[Universul]]'', yon jounal chak jou nan Bukarès <ref>"O mare prietenă...", {{p.|95}}</ref> . Li te youn nan premye Women yo ki te familyarize yo ak dwa ekstrèm Ewopeyen modèn nan <ref>Bucur, {{p.|77}}; Heinen, {{p.|103}}</ref> epi li te vle transplante [[Histoire de l'Italie fasciste|fachis Italyen an]] nan Woumani. Pwojè sa a te fasine l depi ''[[Biennio rosso|Biennio Rosso]]'' a, kote li te fè echanj remak proto-fachis ak [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]] <ref name="ah103">Heinen, {{p.|103}}</ref> epi li te ekri pou ''[[Il Popolo d'Italia]]'' <ref>"O mare prietenă...", {{p.|95–96}}</ref> . Li te voye lèt bay [[Benito mussolini|Benito Mussolini]], ki pa t pran l oserye <ref name="ah103" /> . Li te konn diskite regilyèman avèk [[Giuseppe Bottai]] epi [[Piero Bolzon]], ki te dakò pou yo rantre nan gwoup travay li sou fachis woumen an <ref name="ah103" /> . Li se zanmi tou ak [[Benedetto Croce]] <ref name="ln(10)513">Nastasă (2010), {{p.|51}}</ref> . Dapre [[Victor Babeș]], li se pi gwo pwopagandis Women an aletranje, e sitou an Itali <ref>Babeș, {{p.|12}}</ref> . Kòz Gran Woumani an fasine de nan frè l yo tou. Victor, otè pyès teyat patriyotik <ref>Onofrei ''et al.'', {{p.|242}}</ref>, te kreye youn nan premye jounal women yo nan [[Bessarabie|Bessarabia]], epi George te goumen pandan Premye Gè Mondyal la epi li te vin prefè nan [[Județ de Bihor|Județ Bihor]] <ref>Babeș, {{p.|12–13}}</ref> . Elena, Constantin ak Victor te tout korespondan pou magazin kiltirèl frè yo Georges la jiska mitan ane 1930 yo <ref>Ileana-Stanca Desa, Elena Ioana Mălușanu, Cornelia Luminița Radu, Iliana Sulică, ''Publicațiile periodice românești (ziare, gazete, reviste). Vol. V, 1: Catalog alfabetic 1931–1935'', [[Editura Academiei]], Bucharest, 2009, {{p.|261}}. {{ISBN|973-27-0980-4}}</ref> . Sepandan, pandan li te angaje nan fachis, li te antre an konfli ak otorite Woumani yo. [[Parti national fasciste|Pati Nasyonal Fachis]] Mussoloni a te defann li, epi [[Luigi Federzoni]] te akize leta Woumani an kòm si li te vle kidnape li epi fè l pe bouch li ak fòs <ref>{{It}} [http://storia.camera.it/regno/lavori/leg25/sed079.pdf "2a tornata di lunedì 2 agosto 1920. Interrogazioni e interpellanza"], in ''Atti Parlamentari. Legislatura XXV: LXXIX'', {{p.|4672}}</ref> . An 1922, tribinal [[Casale Monferrato]] a te tande yon pwosè pou vyolasyon pwopriyete entelektyèl ke li te depoze kont leta women an <ref name="atti63294">[http://storia.camera.it/regno/lavori/leg26/sed137.pdf "2a tornata di venerdì 16 giugno 1922. Interrogazioni e interpellanza"], in ''Atti Parlamentari. Legislatura XXVI: CXXVII'', {{p.|6329}}</ref> . Bacaloglu te plenyen ankò ke ajan {{Lang|ro|Siguranța}} yo te eseye kidnape li pandan [[Accords de Gênes|Akò Genoa yo]] <ref name="atti63294" />, epi nan menm ane a [[Alessandro Dudan]], yon depite fachis, te defann li, ki te akize Woumani ankò pou abi pouvwa <ref name="atti63294" /> . Tout anbasadè women ki te vin apre yo te nye akizasyon Bacaloglu yo, epi yo te akize l de reveye sou pèsekisyon li t ap sibi a <ref name="cb(05)1014">Burcea (2005), {{p.|101}}</ref> . Mussolini te pran Bacaloglu pi oserye pase anvan epi li te ekri l regilyèman, li ba li enstriksyon detaye sou « Ekspansyonis Latin nan " ak sou koperasyon ekonomik kont kapitalis." Bacaloglu te fè lèt yo piblik nan bwochi l ' ''{{Lang|it|Movimento nazionale fascista italo-romeno. Creazione e governo}}'' ''{{Lang|it|Movimento nazionale fascista italo-romeno. Creazione e governo}}'' apre [[Marche sur Rome|mach sou Wòm]] <ref>Epure, {{p.|116}}; Heinen, {{p.|103}}</ref> . Li ap eseye aktivman pou anpeche yon rapwòchman politik ant Itali ak [[Ongri]], rival istorik Woumani an <ref name="cb(05)1015">Burcea (2005), {{p.|101}}</ref> . Li akize gouvènman women an kòm si l ap peye Lafrans nan atik li pibliye pou jounal italyen yo <ref>Epure, {{p.|116}}</ref> . An 1921, avèk apwobasyon Mussolini, li te kreye yon asosyasyon fachis Italo-Women, ki pita te vin tounen Mouvement national culturel et économique italo-roumain (anndan) oubyen MNFIR <ref>Clark, {{p.|38}}; Heinen, {{p.|102–104}}</ref> . Manm asosyasyon an te louvri lig fachis nan Woumani, epi youn nan premye sèk yo te louvri nan [[Cluj-Napoca]], [[kapital]] rejyonal Transylvania <ref>Attila Gidó, ''Două decenii. Evreii din Cluj în perioada interbelică'', Editura Institutului pentru Studierea Problemelor Minorităților Naționale, Cluj-Napoca, 2014, {{p.|139}}. {{ISBN|978-606-8377-28-5}}</ref> . Mouvman Italyo-Roumen an antisemit, alòske fachis Italyen yo poko antisemit <ref name="fv140">Francisco Veiga, ''La mística del ultranacionalismo: Historia de la Guardia de Hierro, Rumania, 1919–1941'', [[Autonomous University of Barcelona]], Bellaterra, 1989, {{p.|140}}. {{ISBN|84-7488-497-7}}</ref> . Gwoup la gen sipò Constantin Bacaloglu, ki travay nan [[Université de Iaşi|Inivèsite Iași]] avèk enfliyansè antisemit [[A. C. Cuza|A.]] [[A. C. Cuza|C.]] [[A. C. Cuza|Kouza]] , epi ki sipòte ekspilsyon etidyan jwif yo soti Woumani <ref>Nastasă (2011), {{p.|218, 234, 238, 240, 243, 268, 301, 304–305}}</ref> . Bacaloglu itilize anpil [[Action Française]] pou nasyonalis anti-endistriyèl ak popilis li a <ref>Constantini, {{p.|20}}</ref> . Branch Women an nan fachism italyen an rete minè. Li pataje ak anpil gwoup paramilitè yon rayisman pou kominis ak demokrasi, men se sèl gwoup ki enspire dirèkteman pa Mussoloni <ref>Constantini, {{p.|19}}</ref> . MNFIR a te divize an 1922 epi faksyon ki pi puisan li yo te fizyone ak pati fachis woumen an, {{Lien|lang=ro}} <ref>Clark, {{p.|38}}; Heinen, {{p.|103–104}}</ref> . An 1923, Bacaloglu te fonde yon nouvo mouvman nasyonal anba menm non ak ansyen an epi li te òganize dirèkteman sou modèl fachis italyen yo <ref>Bucur, {{p.|77}}; Constantini, {{p.|19–20}}; Epure, {{p.|115–116}}; Heinen, {{p.|102–104}}</ref> . Sou 30 desanm 1923, Bacaloglu te fonde jounal pwopagann chak semèn ''Mișcarea Națională Fascistă'', kote li te rele tèt li direktè politik. <ref>Marin Petcu (ed.), ''Istoria jurnalismului din România în date. Enciclopedie cronologică'', [[Polirom]], Iași, 2012, {{p.|1941}}. {{ISBN|978-973-46-3855-0}}</ref> Li gen anviwon san manm <ref>Bucur, {{p.|77}}; Constantini, {{p.|20}}; Heinen, {{p.|103}}</ref>, yon ti kantite, men ki gen ladan l moun enpòtan nan sosyete women an, an patikilye pèsonèl militè ak etidyan <ref name="fv1402">Francisco Veiga, ''La mística del ultranacionalismo: Historia de la Guardia de Hierro, Rumania, 1919–1941'', [[Autonomous University of Barcelona]], Bellaterra, 1989, {{p.|140}}. {{ISBN|84-7488-497-7}}</ref> . Mouvman an santre sitou sou [[Université de Cluj|Inivèsite Cluj]] <ref>Constantini, {{p.|20}}; Heinen, {{p.|103}}</ref> ak Inivèsite Iași <ref>Nastasă (2011), {{p.|40}}</ref> . Fanm yo pa vrèman prezan nan mouvman an .<ref>Bucur, ''passim''</ref> == Resous == [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] <references /> [[Kategori:Fasis]] r6mqllx13x60xh8uo0d6ckgj1acy170 0 95940 867947 867277 2025-06-01T04:40:53Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867947 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://ht.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gwendolyn_B._Bennett&veaction=edit Modifye]'''Gwendolyn B.''' '''Bennett,''' Li te fèt 8 jiyè 1902 nan [[Giddings, Texas|Giddings]], [[Teksas|Texas]] epi li mouri 30 me 1981 nan [[Reading, Pennsilvani|Reading]], [[Pènsilvani|Pennsilvani]], se yon [[jounalis]], editè, grafik, kritik kiltirèl, direktè piblikasyon, [[powèt]] okazyonèl, ak [[Nouvèl|ekriven istwa kout]] [[Etazini|amerikèn]] . Li te kontribye nan jounal ''{{Lang|en|Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life}}'', kote li te ekri yon kolòn, ''{{Lang|en|The Ebony Flute}}'' . Malgre li te gen vrè talan pwozodik ak powetik, li te abandone ekriti pou l konsakre tèt li nan jounalis, li te gaye kontribisyon divès [[atis]] nan mouvman Renesans Harlem nan plizyè jounal ak magazin. Li te direktè {{Lien|Harlem Community Art Center|lang=en}} soti nan 1939 rive 1944, ke li te kite aprè yon ankèt pa Komite Aktivite Anti-Ameriken Chanm Reprezantan an (HUAC) ki te sispèk li te yon kominis, aprè sa li te fonde ''{{Lang|en|George Carver Community School}}'' ki te fèmen tou an 1947 pa HUAC la. Aprè sa, li te travay kòm korespondan pou konsime repò jiskaske li te pran retrèt an 1968 . == biyografi == === Jèn ak fòmasyon === Gwendolyn Bennett Bennett se pitit fi Joshua Robbin Bennett ak Mayme F. (Abernethy) Bennett, li te pase premye anfans li nan [[Paiute Indian Reservation|rezèvasyon tribi Endyen Paiute]] nan [[Wadsworth, Nevada]], kote paran li te pwofesè k ap travay pou [[Bureau des affaires indiennes|Biwo Afè Endyen yo]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gwendolyn-Bennett|title=Gwendolyn Bennett {{!}} American writer|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en-us|access-date=2020-09-30}}</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernamericanpoetry.org/poet/gwendolyn-bennett|title=Gwendolyn Bennett {{!}} Modern American Poetry|date=|website=www.modernamericanpoetry.org|language=en-us|access-date=2021-01-18|archive-date=2021-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118200323/http://www.modernamericanpoetry.org/poet/gwendolyn-bennett|dead-url=yes}}</ref> . [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] i4mrq0g1l196s96pcvrqxozhig0dbla 867948 867947 2025-06-01T04:42:12Z Diego Agado 34785 867948 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://ht.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gwendolyn_B._Bennett&veaction=edit Modifye]'''Gwendolyn B.''' '''Bennett,''' Li te fèt 8 jiyè 1902 nan [[Giddings, Texas|Giddings]], [[Teksas|Texas]] epi li mouri 30 me 1981 nan [[Reading, Pennsilvani|Reading]], [[Pènsilvani|Pennsilvani]], se yon [[jounalis]], editè, grafik, kritik kiltirèl, direktè piblikasyon, [[powèt]] okazyonèl, ak [[Nouvèl|ekriven istwa kout]] [[Etazini|amerikèn]] . Li te kontribye nan jounal ''{{Lang|en|Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life}}'', kote li te ekri yon kolòn, ''{{Lang|en|The Ebony Flute}}'' . Malgre li te gen vrè talan pwozodik ak powetik, li te abandone ekriti pou l konsakre tèt li nan jounalis, li te gaye kontribisyon divès [[atis]] nan mouvman Renesans Harlem nan plizyè jounal ak magazin. Li te direktè {{Lien|Harlem Community Art Center|lang=en}} soti nan 1939 rive 1944, ke li te kite aprè yon ankèt pa Komite Aktivite Anti-Ameriken Chanm Reprezantan an (HUAC) ki te sispèk li te yon kominis, aprè sa li te fonde ''{{Lang|en|George Carver Community School}}'' ki te fèmen tou an 1947 pa HUAC la. Aprè sa, li te travay kòm korespondan pou konsime repò jiskaske li te pran retrèt an 1968 . == biyografi == === Jèn ak fòmasyon === Gwendolyn Bennett Bennett se pitit fi Joshua Robbin Bennett ak Mayme F. (Abernethy) Bennett, li te pase premye anfans li nan [[Paiute Indian Reservation|rezèvasyon tribi Endyen Paiute]] nan [[Wadsworth, Nevada]], kote paran li te pwofesè k ap travay pou [[Bureau des affaires indiennes|Biwo Afè Endyen yo]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gwendolyn-Bennett|title=Gwendolyn Bennett {{!}} American writer|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en-us|access-date=2020-09-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernamericanpoetry.org/poet/gwendolyn-bennett|title=Gwendolyn Bennett {{!}} Modern American Poetry|date=|website=www.modernamericanpoetry.org|language=en-us|access-date=2021-01-18|archive-date=2021-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118200323/http://www.modernamericanpoetry.org/poet/gwendolyn-bennett|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Resous [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] dyjcx0a38n97zzv0ysqy80smclf7ip7 867949 867948 2025-06-01T04:42:22Z Diego Agado 34785 867949 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://ht.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gwendolyn_B._Bennett&veaction=edit Modifye]'''Gwendolyn B.''' '''Bennett,''' Li te fèt 8 jiyè 1902 nan [[Giddings, Texas|Giddings]], [[Teksas|Texas]] epi li mouri 30 me 1981 nan [[Reading, Pennsilvani|Reading]], [[Pènsilvani|Pennsilvani]], se yon [[jounalis]], editè, grafik, kritik kiltirèl, direktè piblikasyon, [[powèt]] okazyonèl, ak [[Nouvèl|ekriven istwa kout]] [[Etazini|amerikèn]] . Li te kontribye nan jounal ''{{Lang|en|Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life}}'', kote li te ekri yon kolòn, ''{{Lang|en|The Ebony Flute}}'' . Malgre li te gen vrè talan pwozodik ak powetik, li te abandone ekriti pou l konsakre tèt li nan jounalis, li te gaye kontribisyon divès [[atis]] nan mouvman Renesans Harlem nan plizyè jounal ak magazin. Li te direktè {{Lien|Harlem Community Art Center|lang=en}} soti nan 1939 rive 1944, ke li te kite aprè yon ankèt pa Komite Aktivite Anti-Ameriken Chanm Reprezantan an (HUAC) ki te sispèk li te yon kominis, aprè sa li te fonde ''{{Lang|en|George Carver Community School}}'' ki te fèmen tou an 1947 pa HUAC la. Aprè sa, li te travay kòm korespondan pou konsime repò jiskaske li te pran retrèt an 1968 . == biyografi == === Jèn ak fòmasyon === Gwendolyn Bennett Bennett se pitit fi Joshua Robbin Bennett ak Mayme F. (Abernethy) Bennett, li te pase premye anfans li nan [[Paiute Indian Reservation|rezèvasyon tribi Endyen Paiute]] nan [[Wadsworth, Nevada]], kote paran li te pwofesè k ap travay pou [[Bureau des affaires indiennes|Biwo Afè Endyen yo]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gwendolyn-Bennett|title=Gwendolyn Bennett {{!}} American writer|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en-us|access-date=2020-09-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernamericanpoetry.org/poet/gwendolyn-bennett|title=Gwendolyn Bennett {{!}} Modern American Poetry|date=|website=www.modernamericanpoetry.org|language=en-us|access-date=2021-01-18|archive-date=2021-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118200323/http://www.modernamericanpoetry.org/poet/gwendolyn-bennett|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Resous == [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] p0bk0rxqy8ew3g48r9akncz1zsx2us9 0 95953 867930 867781 2025-05-31T08:20:51Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867930 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Selena Gomez''', ki fèt 22 juillet 1992 nan [[Grand Prairie, Texas|"Grand Prairie]], [[Teksas|Texas"]], se yon [[Chantè|chantèz]], konpozitris, [[Aktè|aktris]], pwodiktris ak antreprenè [[Etazini|amerikèn]] . Li te fè premye aparisyon li kòm aktris nan seri timoun ''Barney &amp;amp; Friends'' (2002-2004), apresa nou ta pral konnen gras ak wòl li kòm "Alex Russo" nan seri komedi ''Wizards of Waverly Place'' (2007-2012). Apre sa, li te jwe nan fim ak fim televizyon tankou ''A Cinderella Story 2'' (2008), ''Princess Protection Program'' (2009), ''Sisters in Disguise ( Ramona and Beezus'', 2010), ''Welcome to Monte Carlo'' (2011), ''Spring Breakers'' (2012), ''Getaway'' (2013) ak ''The Fundamentals of Caring'' (2016). Li bay vwa pèsonaj Mavis tou nan [[Animasyon (odyovizyèl)|fim anime]] ''Hotel Transylvania yo'' . Depi 2021, li te jwe wòl Mabel Mora nan seri ''Only Murders in the Building'', ki te fè l resevwa yon pakèt nominasyon ak prim, tankou "Golden Globes", "Emmy Awards" ak "SAG Awards". Pou wòl li nan fim ''Emilia Perez,'' li te genyen prim meyè aktris nan Festival Fim Cannes an 2024. == Biyografi ak karyè == === 1992-2007 Anfans ak kòmansman karyè l === Selena Marie Gomez se sèl pitit fi Amanda Dawn. «Mandy » Cornett (ki te fèt 16 avril 1976 ) ak Ricardo Joel « Rik » Gomez (li fèt 6 mars 1975 ) — yo te bay Selena nesans a laj 16 ak 17 an respektivman <ref name="insi">{{Cite web|url=http://www.insidebayarea.com/ci_8194264?source=rss|title=Selena Gomez could be next Disney 'it' girl|last=Chuck Barney|date=7 février 2008|website=insidebayarea.com|language=en}}</ref> . Papa l te vle rele l Selena paske li te yon gwo admiratè chantèz Meksikèn [[Selena|Selena Quintanilla Perez]], ki te mouri an 1995. Li gen zansèt [[Meksiken]] sou bò papa l ak zansèt Italyen sou bò manman l. Konsènan orijin panyòl li, Selena Gomez di : « Nan fanmi mwen, nou gen "Quinceañeras" epi nou al nan kominyon legliz. Nou fè tout bagay Katolik men nou pa vrèman gen okenn tradisyon apa chak dimanch nou fè yon babekyou apre legliz [ 2 ] . » === 2007-2012 Siksè ak Disney === [[Fichye:Selena_Gomez_2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pandan tounaj seri ''Wizards of Waverly Place'' la an 2007.]] An 2007, Selena Gomez te jwenn yon wòl rekiran nan seri popilè Disney Channel ''"Hannah Montana"'', kote li te jwe Mikayla, yon chantèz rival Hannah [[Montana]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.starpulse.com/Actresses/Gomez,_Selena/Biography/|title="Selena Gomez Biography"|website=Starpulse.com|language=anglais|access-date=2025-05-14|archive-date=2013-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520132145/http://www.starpulse.com/Actresses/Gomez%2C_Selena/Biography/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Se nan fen ane 2007 Selena Gomez te jwenn wòl Alex Russo nan seri Disney Channel , ''les sorciers Waverly Place'' <ref name="n1">{{En}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/selena_gomez/biography/|title=Biography|last=Julia Wang|website=[[People (magazine)|people.com]]}}</ref> . Seri a te jwenn anpil siksè <ref name="n2">{{Cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/09/27/selena-gomez-to-executive-produce-and-star-in-new-wizards-of-waverly-place-television-even-on-disney-channel/150583/|title=Selena Gomez to Executive-Produce and Star in New 'Wizards of Waverly Place' Television Event on Disney Channel|last=Robert Seidman|date=27 septembre 2012|website=tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com|language=en|access-date=2025-05-14|archive-date=2013-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604020034/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/09/27/selena-gomez-to-executive-produce-and-star-in-new-wizards-of-waverly-place-television-even-on-disney-channel/150583/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> epi li te dire senk ane, oubyen kat sezon <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2013/03/11/selena-gomez-says-shes-finally-done-with-wizards/|title=Selena Gomez Says She’s Finally Done With ‘Wizards’|last=Christopher John Farley|date=11 mars 2013|website=[[The Wall Street Journal|blogs.wsj.com]]|language=en}}</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{En}}{{Cite web|url=http://fayobserver.com/articles/2012/01/06/1145263?sac=Life|title=TV Diva: Selena Gomez's "Wizards of Waverly Place" ends after four seasons|last=Jessica Banov|date=6 janvier 2012|website=fayobserver.com|access-date=2025-05-14|archive-date=2012-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108042348/http://www.fayobserver.com/articles/2012/01/06/1145263?sac=Life|dead-url=yes}}</ref> . Li te anrejistre chante jenerik pou seri a, ki rele ''Everything Is Not What It Seems (Tout bagay pa sa li sanble)'' . Apre sa, Selena Gomez te parèt nan videyo mizik Jonas Brothers yo ki rele ''{{Lang|en|[[Burnin' Up]]}}'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20214531,00.html|title=Nick Jonas & Selena Gomez: Are They Dating?|date=23 juillet 2008|website=[[People (magazine)|people.com]]|language=en}}</ref>, epi pita, nan emisyon telereyalite Jonas Brothers yo, ''Jonas Brothers. Viv rèv la'' <ref>{{En}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1272231/|title=Jonas Brothers: Living the Dream : Hello Hollywood|website=[[Internet Movie Database]]}}</ref> . == Konfidansyalite oswa vi prive l == Anpre anglè ki se lang matènel ke li pale byen, li pale [[Lang panyòl|panyòl]] tou, akòz orijin Meksiken papa l. Anplis, li te deja chante an panyòl, nan albòm li ''Revelación'' (2021), ki fèt antyèman nan lang sa a. Depi 2008, [[Taylor Swift]] se pi bon zanmi li <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/music/taylor-swift-and-selena-gomez-friendship-timeline/|title=Taylor Swift and Selena Gomez's Friendship Timeline|date=December 12, 2024|website=People.com|language=en|access-date=2024-10-10}}</ref> . Li te vin tounen [[Evanjelis|yon kretyen evanjelik]] epi li te kòmanse ale nan Legliz Hillsong an 2017. An 2020, li te kite Hillsong, akòz yon eskandal ki te enplike yon pastè <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-sun.com/entertainment/1974113/selena-gomez-quits-hillsong-carl-justin/|title=Selena Gomez ‘QUITS Hillsong church’ after pastor Carl Lentz’s cheating as ex Justin Bieber is ‘furious’ about scandal|last=Ekin Karasin|date=December 15, 2020|website=the-sun.com}}</ref> . nan lane 2021, li deklare li kenbe lafwa [[kretyen]] li epi li li twa fwa liv sa a ki se ''une vie motivee par l'essentiel,'' ekri pa [[Pastè (Krisyanis)|pastè]] kretyen batis Rick Warren, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/selena-gomez-cover-april-2021|title=Selena Gomez on Politics, Faith, and Making the Music of Her Career|last=Jia Tolentino|date=March 9, 2021|website=vogue.com}}</ref> . === Relasyon amoure === [[Fichye:Justin_Bieber_&_Selena_Gomez_AMAs_2011.png|vignette| Selena Gomez ak Justin Bieber nan seremoni AMA yo an 2011.]] Nan mars 2008, a laj de 15 an, li te kòmanse yon relasyon ak Nick Jonas, yon manm nan gwoup Jonas Brothers yo. Li te menm parèt nan videyo mizik ''"Burnin' Up"'' Jonas Brothers yo nan ete 2008 la. Yo te separe an janvier 2009, anvan yo te retounen ansanm an décembre 2009 epi kontinye jis nan mwa mars 2010 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.purepeople.com/article/nick-jonas-et-selena-gomez-c-est-fini-oh-non-deja_a53196/1|title=Nick Jonas et Selena Gomez : c'est fini… Oh non, déjà ?|last=Joachim Ohnona|date=02-04-2010|website=purepeople.com|access-date=08-09-2020}}.</ref> . Yo te pale anpil de relasyon yo a, sitou akòz animozite ki te genyen ant Selena ak chantèz Miley Cyrus la ki te dire plizyè ane <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voici.fr/news-people/actu-people/miley-cyrus-son-mec-courtise-par-sa-rivale-selena-gomez-279421|title=Miley Cyrus : son mec courtisé par sa rivale Selena Gomez|date=27-02-2009|website=voici.fr|access-date=08-09-2020|archive-date=2015-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101142213/http://www.voici.fr/news-people/actu-people/miley-cyrus-son-mec-courtise-par-sa-rivale-selena-gomez-279421|dead-url=yes}}.</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elle.fr/People/La-vie-des-people/News/Miley-Cyrus-s-attaque-a-Selena-Gomez-sur-scene-2711981|title=Miley Cyrus s’attaque à Selena Gomez sur scène|last=Agatha Christophi|date=11-06-2014|website=elle.fr|access-date=08-09-2020}}.</ref>, anvan de medam yo te finalman rekonsilye <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrj.fr/artistes/selena-gomez/actus/selena-gomez-fan-de-miley-cyrus-tu-es-lune-des-meilleures-chanteuses-de-tous-les-temps-71342430|title=Selena Gomez fan de Miley Cyrus : «Tu es l’une des meilleures chanteuses de tous les temps»|website=NRJ.fr|access-date=08-09-2020}}.</ref> . Soti mas rive juin 2009, Selena te soti ak aktè Taylor Lautner, ki pita ta gen yon ti afè ak Taylor Swift <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Taylor-Lautner-Breaks-Up-with-Selena-Gomez-112944.shtml|title=Taylor Lautner Breaks Up with Selena Gomez|website=Softpedia|language=en}}.</ref> . Nan novembre 2010, li te kòmanse yon relasyon pasyone ak ajite avèk chantè Kanadyen [[Justin Bieber]], ke li te rankontre nan ane ki te pase an <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/justin-bieber-selena-gomez-dating-history|title=Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez's Dating History|last=De Elizabeth|date=18-08-2016|website=teenvogue.com|language=en|access-date=08-09-2020}}.</ref> . Anpil ane pase, relasyon yo te vin twò medyatize, jiskaske li te vin tounen yon obsesyon pou fanatik respektif yo. Yo te separe pou premye fwa an novembre 2012, lè Justin Bieber te gen yon relasyon ak mannken peyi ongwa Barbara Palvin <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.purepeople.com/article/barbara-palvin-coupable-sexy-de-la-rupture-de-justin-bieber-et-selena-gomez_a110378/1|title=Barbara Palvin : Coupable sexy de la rupture de Justin Bieber et Selena Gomez ?|last=Igor Tony N'Kodia|date=16-11-2012|website=purepeople.com|access-date=25-10-2020}}.</ref> . Yo te rekòmanse soti ansanm an Desanm <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2252394/Justin-Bieber-spotted-kissing-Selena-Gomez-sits-lap-romantic-Salt-Lake-City-trip.html|title=It's officially back on! Justin Bieber spotted kissing Selena Gomez as she sits on his lap during romantic Salt Lake City trip|last=Iona Kirby|date=23 décembre 2012|website=Mail Online|language=en|access-date=20 janvier 2021}}.</ref>, men an mars 2013, Selena Gomez te anonse ke li te selibatè nan ''emisyon Late Night with David Letterman'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elle.fr/People/La-vie-des-people/News/Selena-Gomez-fait-pleurer-Justin-Bieber-et-en-rigole-2407564|title=Selena Gomez fait pleurer Justin Bieber et en rigole !|year=2013|website=elle.fr|access-date=20 janvier 2021}}.</ref> . Soti 2013 rive 2016, yo te rekonsilye, epi separe, nan plizyè okazyon <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/entertainment/news/a45332/justin-bieber-selena-gomez-relationship-timeline/|title=Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez : a timeline of their relationship|date=28-03-2018|website=cosmopolitan.com|language=en|access-date=08-09-2020}}.</ref> . Nan octobre 2017, yo te viv ansanm ankò, men yo te separe nèt nan mars 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/news/a38542/justin-bieber-selena-gomez-relationship-drama-timeline/|title=The Full Up and Down Spiral of Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez's Relationship|last=Alyssa Bailey|date=31-10-2017|website=elle.com|language=en|access-date=25-10-2020}}.</ref> . Pandan tout karyè li, Selena Gomez te dedye anpil mizik pou Justin Bieber. An 2019, li te deklare ke istwa lanmou yo te " trè toksik ak abiziv » epi ke li te enspire pa li pou kreye albòm li ''Rare'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iheartradio.ca/news/selena-gomez-opens-up-about-toxic-relationship-1.10133359|title=Selena Gomez Opens Up About 'Toxic' Relationship|website=iheartradio.ca|language=en|access-date=08-09-2020}}.</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elle.fr/People/La-vie-des-people/News/Selena-Gomez-se-confie-sur-sa-relation-abusive-avec-Justin-Bieber-3843077#:~:text=En%20cinq%20ans%20de%20relation,adulte%20et%20s%C3%A9par%C3%A9e%20de%20lui|title=Selena Gomez se confie sur sa relation « abusive » avec Justin Bieber|last=Clara Gaillot|date=27-01-2020|website=elle.fr|access-date=08-09-2020}}.</ref> . Justin Bieber dedye anpil chante ba li tou, epi li endike ke albòm li a, ''Purpose'' (2015), pale de istwa yo <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/2015/11/09/justin-bieber-selena-gomez-inspired-songs/|title=Justin Bieber talks Selena Gomez-inspired songs on Ellen|last=Jessica Goodman|date=09-11-2015|website=ew.com|language=en|access-date=25-10-2020}}.</ref> . == Filmografi == === Sinema === ==== Fim long metraj ==== * 2003 : ''Spy Kids 3<nowiki><span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace" id="mwB8k">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>: Mission 3D'' (''Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over'') de Robert Rodriguez : la fille de l'AquaPark * 2003 : ''Barney: Best Manners - Invitation to Fun'' de Jim Rowley : Gianna * 2008 : ''Comme Cendrillon 2'' (''Another Cinderella Story'') de Damon Santostefano : Mary Santiago * 2010 : ''Ramona et Beezus'' (''Ramona and Beezus'') de Elizabeth Allen : Beatrice « Beezus » Quimby * 2011 : ''Bienvenue à Monte-Carlo'' (''Monte-Carlo'') de Thomas Bezucha : Grace Ann Bennett / Cordelia Winthrop Scott * 2011 : ''Les Muppets, le retour'' (''The Muppets'') de James Bobin : elle-même * 2012 : ''Spring Breakers'' de Harmony Korine : Faith * 2012 : ''Aftershock'' de Nicolás López : La fille en V.I.P. * 2013 : ''Getaway'' de Courtney Solomon : The Kid * 2013 : ''Girl Rising'' : narratrice * 2014 : ''Rudderless'' de William H. Macy : Kate Ann Lucas * 2014 : ''Mauvaises Fréquentations'' (''Behaving Badly'') de [[Tim Garrick]] : [[Nina (seri, 2014)|Nina]] Pennington * 2015 : ''Unity ''de Shaun Monson : La narratrice <small>(voix)</small> * 2015 : ''The Big Short<nowiki><span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace" id="mwCCM">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>: Le Casse du siècle'' (''The Big Short'') de Adam McKay : elle-même * 2016 : ''The Fundamentals of Caring'' de Rob Burnett : Dot * 2016 : ''Nos pires voisins 2'' (''Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising'') de Nicholas Stoller : La présidente de Phi Lambda * 2016 : ''Les Insoumis'' (''In Dubious Battle'') de James Franco : Lisa * 2019 : ''The Dead Don't Die'' de Jim Jarmusch : Zoe * 2019 : ''Un jour de pluie à New York'' (''A Rainy Day in New York'') de Woody Allen : Shannon * 2020 : ''Le Voyage du Docteur Dolittle'' (''Dolittle'') de Stephen Gaghan : Betsy, une girafe <small>(voix)</small> * 2022 : ''Selena Gomez: My Mind And Me'' d'Alek Keshishian : La narratrice <small>(voix)</small> * 2024 : ''Emilia Pérez'' de [[Jacques Audiard]] : Jessi Del Monte ==== Fim animasyon ==== * 2008 ''Horton'' ( ''Horton tande yon moun!'' ) pa Jimmy Hayward ak Steve Martino Helga <small>(vwa)</small> * 2009 ''Arthur ak revanj Maltazard'' ''pa'' [[Luc Besson]] Selenia <small>(vwa)</small> * 2010 ''Artur 3<nowiki><span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace" id="mwCHw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Lagè De Mond yo'' ( ''Arthur 3: Lagè De Mond yo'' ) pa [[Luc Besson]] Selenia <small>(vwa)</small> * 2012 : ''Hotel Transylvania'' ''{{Lang|en}}'' Genndy Tartakovsky Mavis <small>(vwa)</small> * 2015 : ''Hotel Transylvania 2'' ( ''{{Lang|en}}'' ) pa Genndy Tartakovsky Mavis <small>(vwa)</small> * 2017 Ti ''chen!'' pa Genndy Tartakovsky Mavis <small>(vwa)</small> * 2018 ''Otèl Transilvani 3<nowiki><span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace" id="mwCKE">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>{{Lang|en}}'' ''pa'' Genndy Tartakovsky Mavis <small>(vwa)</small> * 2022 ''Otèl Transilvani<nowiki><span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace" id="mwCKw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Chanjman Monstr'' ( ''Hotel Transylvania: Transformania'' ) pa Genndy Tartakovsky Mavis <small>(vwa)</small> ==== Fim kout ==== * 2012 : ''Fifty Shades of Blue'' pour [[:fr:Funny_or_Die|Funny or Die]] : la jeune femme * 2013 : ''Searching'' pour [[:fr:Flaunt|Flaunt Magazine]] : Violet === Televizyon === ==== Seri televizyon ==== * 2002 - 2004 ''Barney'' : Gianna * 2006 Lavi ''Suite'' ''Zack ak Cody a'' Gwen <small>(sezon 2, epizòd 22)</small> * 2007 - 2008 ''Hannah Montana'' Mikayla <small></small> * 2007 - 2012 ''Majisyen Waverly'' ''Place'' yo Alex Russo * 2008 ''{{Lien|langue=en|trad=Jonas Brothers: Living the Dream|fr=Jonas Brothers: Living the Dream|texte=Jonas Brothers: Living the Dream}}'' tèt li <small>(sezon 1, epizòd 7)</small> * 2009 ''Lavi Suite'' ''sou Pon an'' Alex Russo <small>(sezon 1, epizòd 21)</small> * 2009 ''Soni'' tèt li <small>(sezon 1, epizòd 13)</small> * 2011 ''Yon pakèt eskis<nowiki><span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace" id="mwCP4">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>!'' ( ''Tèlman o aza!'' ) tèt li <small>(sezon 1, epizòd 3)</small> * 2011 ''Blag sou zetwal yo'' ( ''PrankStars'' ) tèt li <small>(sezon 1, epizòd 1)</small> * 2016 ''Anndan Amy Schumer'' tèt li <small>(sezon 4, epizòd 6)</small> * Depi 2020<nowiki><span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace" id="mwCRI">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Selena ''+ Chèf'' tèt li * Depi 2021 ''Se sèlman asasina nan bilding lan'' Mabel Mora * 2024 ''Plas Waverly<nowiki><span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace" id="mwCSE">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Nouvo majisyen yo'' ( ''Majisyen Beyond Waverly Place'' ) Alex Russo ==== Fim televizyon ==== * 2005 ''Walker, Texas Ranger<nowiki><span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace" id="mwCSw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Machinasyon an'' ( ''Walker, Texas Ranger: Pwosè pa dife'' ) pa Aaron Norris Jili * 2009 ''Pwogram Pwoteksyon Prensès'' pa {{Lien|Allison Liddi-Brown|lang=en}} Katè * 2009 ''Majisyen Waverly Place yo: Fim nan'' ''pa'' {{Lien|Lev L. Spiro|lang=en}} {{Lien|Lev L. Spiro|lang=en}} Alex Russo * 2013 ''{{Lien|Le Retour des Sorciers: Alex contre Alex|lang=en|texte=Le Retour des Sorciers: Alex contre Alex}}'' ( ''Majisyen yo Retounen: Alex kont Alex'' ) pa Victor Gonzalez Alex Russo === Pwodiktè Egzekitif === * 2013 ''{{Lien|langue=en|trad=The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex|fr=Le Retour des Sorciers: Alex contre Alex|texte=Le Retour des Sorciers: Alex contre Alex}}'' ( ''Retounen Majisyen yo: Alex kont Alex'' ) pa Victor Gonzalez <small>(fim televizyon)</small> * 2017 - 2020 ''13 Rezon Poukisa'' <small>(49 epizòd)</small> * 2019 ''{{Lien|Living Undocumented}}'' <small>(dokimantè)</small> * 2020 ''[[This Is the Year|Ane sa a se]]'' pa David Henrie * 2020 ''{{Lien|langue=en|trad=The Broken Hearts Gallery|fr=}}'' pa [[Natalie Krinsky]] * 2020 - 2022 ''Selena + Chef'' <small>(40 epizòd)</small> * 2021 - prezan ''Se sèlman krim nan bilding lan'' <small>(40 epizòd)</small> * 2022 ''Otèl Transilvani<nowiki><span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace" id="mwCYE">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Chanjman Monstr'' ( ''Hotel Transylvania: Transformania'' ) pa Genndy Tartakovsky * 2022 : ''[[Mi Vecino El Cartel]]'' <small>(3 epizòd)</small> * 2024 ''Plas Waverly<nowiki><span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace" id="mwCY4">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Nouvo majisyen yo'' ( ''Majisyen Beyond Waverly Place'' ) == Diskografi == === Albòm stidyo Selena Gomez === * ''{{Lang|en|[[Kiss and Tell (album de Selena Gomez and the Scene)|Kiss and Tell]]}}'' (2009) * ''Yon ane san lapli'' (2010) * ''<nowiki><span about="#mwt775" class="lang-en" data-cx="[{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;partial&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;targetExists&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;mandatoryTargetParams&amp;quot;:[],&amp;quot;optionalTargetParams&amp;quot;:[]}]" data-mw="{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Lang&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Modèl:Lang&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;When the Sun Goes Down&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwCZ8" lang="en" typeof="mw:Transclusion">When the Sun Goes Down</span></nowiki>'' (2011) === Albòm stidyo solo === * ''Dans Zetwal yo'' (2013) * ''Renesans'' (2015) * ''Ra'' (2020) === Albòm stidyo kolaboratif === * ''Mwen te di mwen renmen w an premye ,'' avèk Benny Blanco (2025) === EP === * ''Revelasyon'' (2021) === Konpilasyon === * ''Pou Ou'' (2014) == Toune == === Toune Selena Gomez and The Scene === * ''Selena Gomez ak sèn nan: Konsè an dirèk'' (2009-2010) * ''Yon Ane San Lapli Tour'' (2010–2011) * ''Nou posede toune lannwit lan'' (2011–2012) === Toune (vwayaj) Solo === * ''Toune Dans Zetwal yo'' (2013-2014) * ''Toune Renesans'' (2016) == Distenksyon == == Vwa frankofòn == An [[Frans]], Karine Foviau se vwa regilye Selena Gomez. Audrey Sablé te double li twa fwa tou. Nan [[Kebèk]], Geneviève Déry ak [[Catherine Brunet]] se vwa aktris la ki pi regilyèman jwe . == Referans == {{Referans}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Aktris amerikèn]] [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] eprh49vl9q6eqwoj2c6fwytayuj092k 0 95963 867965 867366 2025-06-01T04:59:15Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867965 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olivier Houdé''', ki fèt 28 jen nan lane 1963 nan [[Briksèl]], se yon pwofesè-chèchè ak [[sikològ]] [[Bèljik|franko-beljyen]] . Pwofesè sikoloji devlopman nan Inivèsite [[Pari]], li te yon administratè nan Enstiti inivèsitè [[Frans]] lan soti 2018 rive 2023. Chėche sak enpòtan sou konsantre ak sou devlopman timoun ak newosyans kognitif . Laboratwa li nan Sorbonne lan koni an Frans ak atravè lemond pou devlopman nan yon nouvo teyori sou devlopman mantal, rezònman ak pran desizyon, ki baze sou pwosesis inibisyon ak kontwòl mantal ki depann de korteks prefrontal lan, ki nan devan sèvo a. == Biyografi == Olivier Houdé se yon pwofesè ki resevwa fòmasyon nan (École Normale Saint-Thomas, nan Briksèl, kounye a Haute École Galilée <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://academiesciencesmoralesetpolitiques.fr/2021/10/05/reception-dolivier-houde-membre-de-lacademie/|title=Réception d’Olivier Houdé membre de l’Académie|date=2021-10-05|website=Académie des Sciences morales et politiques|language=fr-FR|access-date=2022-05-05|archive-date=2022-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629230009/https://academiesciencesmoralesetpolitiques.fr/2021/10/05/reception-dolivier-houde-membre-de-lacademie/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ), answit li te fè yon doktora nan sikoloji nan Inivèsite Pari 5 lan (Sorbonne) Nan lane 1991, espesyalize l nan sikoloji devlopman kognitif timoun, epi yon kalifikasyon inivèsitè an 1994. Li te nonmen Pwofesè Sikoloji Eksperyansyèl nan menm inivèsite a nan lane1995 . An 1998, li te fin fè yon DEA konplemantè nan byoloji imen nan Inivèsite Claude Bernard nan Lyon pou l te espesyalize nan imajri sèvo, yon teknoloji ki te nan premye etap li yo lè sa a. Nan lane 1998, li te dirije koleksyon an “ Sikoloji ak syans panse » nan Press Inivèsite Frans (PUF) Li te dirije ''Laboratwa Devlopman Timoun yo ak Sikoloji Edikasyon an'' (LaPsyDÉ) nan Inivèsite Pari ak nan CNRS, soti nan lane 1998 rive 2018. Nan yon kolòn nan Le ''Monde'', li te endike nan lane 2018 : « Avèk laboratwa CNRS mwen an, nou gen dizan depi n ap fè premye rechèch nan peyi la Frans lè l sèvi avèk imaj pa rezonans mayetik fonksyonèl (IRMf) avèk timoun volontè ki soti nan lekòl matènèl ak lekòl primè yo pou konprann kijan pou yo aprann li,ak ekri, konte, panse (oswa rezone) epi respekte lòt moun. [...] Jodi a, nou kontwole kapasite rezònman adolesan yo pandan lekòl segondè ak lekòl segondè, ansanm ak kapasite kontwòl mantal ak emosyonèl yo, ki depann de kòtèks prefrontal la, ki nan devan sèvo a, ak sistèm limbik lan. Y ap eksplore tout enpak aprantisaj kognitif chak jou sou tablèt dijital yo genyen sou sèvo a [ 4 ] . » Manm jinyò nan Enstiti Inivèsite Frans soti nan lane 1997pou nan lane rive 2002, answit manm senyò yo soti 2007 rive 2018 , li te administratè li soti 2018 rive 2023 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iufrance.fr/detail-de-lactualite/144.html|title=Olivier Houdé, nouvel administrateur|website=Institut universitaire de France|language=fr|access-date=2018-09-14}}</ref> . Nan 3 desanm 2018, li te eli manm Akademi Syans Moral ak Politik nan chèz Lucien Israël <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://academiesciencesmoralesetpolitiques.fr/2018/12/03/election-olivier-houde/|title=Olivier Houdé élu académicien au fauteuil de Lucien Israël (3 décembre 2018)|date=03-12-2018|website=Académie des sciences morales et politiques|access-date=08-12-2023}}.</ref> . [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] 89mr4u1mkt3xt7fby3mjmi5jaikwm51 867966 867965 2025-06-01T05:00:14Z Diego Agado 34785 867966 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olivier Houdé''', ki fèt 28 jen nan lane 1963 nan [[Briksèl]], se yon pwofesè-chèchè ak [[sikològ]] [[Bèljik|franko-beljyen]] . Pwofesè sikoloji devlopman nan Inivèsite [[Pari]], li te yon administratè nan Enstiti inivèsitè [[Frans]] lan soti 2018 rive 2023. Chėche sak enpòtan sou konsantre ak sou devlopman timoun ak newosyans kognitif . Laboratwa li nan Sorbonne lan koni an Frans ak atravè lemond pou devlopman nan yon nouvo teyori sou devlopman mantal, rezònman ak pran desizyon, ki baze sou pwosesis inibisyon ak kontwòl mantal ki depann de korteks prefrontal lan, ki nan devan sèvo a. == Biyografi == Olivier Houdé se yon pwofesè ki resevwa fòmasyon nan (École Normale Saint-Thomas, nan Briksèl, kounye a Haute École Galilée )<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://academiesciencesmoralesetpolitiques.fr/2021/10/05/reception-dolivier-houde-membre-de-lacademie/|title=Réception d’Olivier Houdé membre de l’Académie|date=2021-10-05|website=Académie des Sciences morales et politiques|language=fr-FR|access-date=2022-05-05|archive-date=2022-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629230009/https://academiesciencesmoralesetpolitiques.fr/2021/10/05/reception-dolivier-houde-membre-de-lacademie/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>, answit li te fè yon doktora nan sikoloji nan Inivèsite Pari 5 lan (Sorbonne) Nan lane 1991, espesyalize l nan sikoloji devlopman kognitif timoun, epi yon kalifikasyon inivèsitè an 1994. Li te nonmen Pwofesè Sikoloji Eksperyansyèl nan menm inivèsite a nan lane1995 . An 1998, li te fin fè yon DEA konplemantè nan byoloji imen nan Inivèsite Claude Bernard nan Lyon pou l te espesyalize nan imajri sèvo, yon teknoloji ki te nan premye etap li yo lè sa a. Nan lane 1998, li te dirije koleksyon an “ Sikoloji ak syans panse » nan Press Inivèsite Frans (PUF) Li te dirije ''Laboratwa Devlopman Timoun yo ak Sikoloji Edikasyon an'' (LaPsyDÉ) nan Inivèsite Pari ak nan CNRS, soti nan lane 1998 rive 2018. Nan yon kolòn nan Le ''Monde'', li te endike nan lane 2018 : « Avèk laboratwa CNRS mwen an, nou gen dizan depi n ap fè premye rechèch nan peyi la Frans lè l sèvi avèk imaj pa rezonans mayetik fonksyonèl (IRMf) avèk timoun volontè ki soti nan lekòl matènèl ak lekòl primè yo pou konprann kijan pou yo aprann li,ak ekri, konte, panse (oswa rezone) epi respekte lòt moun. [...] Jodi a, nou kontwole kapasite rezònman adolesan yo pandan lekòl segondè ak lekòl segondè, ansanm ak kapasite kontwòl mantal ak emosyonèl yo, ki depann de kòtèks prefrontal la, ki nan devan sèvo a, ak sistèm limbik lan. Y ap eksplore tout enpak aprantisaj kognitif chak jou sou tablèt dijital yo genyen sou sèvo a [ 4 ] . » Manm jinyò nan Enstiti Inivèsite Frans soti nan lane 1997pou nan lane rive 2002, answit manm senyò yo soti 2007 rive 2018 , li te administratè li soti 2018 rive 2023 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iufrance.fr/detail-de-lactualite/144.html|title=Olivier Houdé, nouvel administrateur|website=Institut universitaire de France|language=fr|access-date=2018-09-14}}</ref> . Nan 3 desanm 2018, li te eli manm Akademi Syans Moral ak Politik nan chèz Lucien Israël .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://academiesciencesmoralesetpolitiques.fr/2018/12/03/election-olivier-houde/|title=Olivier Houdé élu académicien au fauteuil de Lucien Israël (3 décembre 2018)|date=03-12-2018|website=Académie des sciences morales et politiques|access-date=08-12-2023}}.</ref> == Resous == [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] 68acq5s1fap78epvok22omzcgf1puq4 0 95970 867921 867617 2025-05-31T08:07:57Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox Biographie2}} '''Olga Anstey''', ki fèt '''Olga Nikolaevna Steinberg''' (an [[Lang ris|Ris]] ak ikrenyen , ki te fèt 1ye mas 1912 nan [[Kyèv]] epi li mouri 30 me 1985 nan [[Nouyòk]], se te yon [[powèt]] ak tradiktè nan lang ris ak ikrenyen nan dezyèm vag emigrasyon ris la. == Biyografi == Olga Nikolaevna te fèt epi li te pase anfans li ak jenès li nan Kyiv. Papa l se yon jij de lapè. Manman l, Olga Nikolaevna Orlov, yon pwofesè lekòl, te yon ansyen elèv nan [[Cours Bestoujev|Kou Bestuzhev]] yo <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://yakov.works/history/20/1930/glagoleva.htm|title=Воспоминания об А. А. Глаголеве|last=М. Глаголева-Пальян (M. Glagoleva-Palian)|date=2001|website=yakov.works|language=ru|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> . Pitit fi li te gradye nan Kolèj Lang Etranje Kyiv an 1931 epi li te travay kòm daktilograf ak tradiktè nan etablisman endistri chimik yo. An 1937, li te marye ak Ivan Matveyev, ki te vin powèt [[Ivan Elagin]] nan lavni. Pandan okipasyon Nazi a, li te rete nan Kyèv, ke li te kite pou l ale nan Lwès an septembre 1943, nan dènye mwa gwosès li, avèk retrè twoup Alman yo. Ant 1943 ak 1945 li te viv nan Lódz, Prag ak Bèlen. Pitit fi li a, Ina, ki te fèt an octobre 1943, te mouri a laj de enan. An 1945 li te fè yon dezyèm pitit fi, Ielena. ==Referans== {{referans}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] 7rk2871fhtzh2dtahosmw9phco8my74 0 95979 867955 867584 2025-06-01T04:49:51Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2}} '''Marilyn Jean Buck''' 13 desanm 1947 rive 33 out 2010 te yon [[powèt]] revolisyonè [[Etazini|amerikèn]], [[feminis]], ak maksis . Li te nan prizon pou patisipasyon li nan chape Assata Shakur an 1979, vòl Brink's an 1981, ak {{Lien|1983 United States Senate bombing|lang=en}} . Yo te kondane Buck a 80 ane prizon, ke li te pase nan yon prizon federal, kote li te pibliye plizyè atik. Yo te lage l nan dat 15 Jiyè 2010, mwens pase yon mwa anvan l mouri akoz kansè a laj de 62 zan <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marilynbuck.com/|title=Friends of Marilyn Buck|website=www.marilynbuck.com}}</ref>. == Jèn ak fòmasyon == Buck te fèt 13 desanm 1947 nan [[Midland, Texas]] . <ref name="nyt-obit">Fox, Margalit. [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/06/nyregion/06buck.html "Marilyn Buck"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 5, 2010. Accessed August 5, 2010.</ref> Papa l se Louis Buck, yon pastè Episkopalyen, epi manman l se yon enfimyè; toulede mouri. Fanmi an te aktif nan [[Mouvement américain des droits civiques|mouvman dwa sivil]] la; Lè Doktè Buck te opoze segregasyon nan St. Andrew nan Austin, Texas, fè pikèt epi kritike evèk la, yo boule kwa sou gazon yo, epi yo retire li nan kongregasyon St. James nan Austin, Texas, yon kongregasyon ke pastè anvan an ak fanmi li te entegre. Doktè Buck te retounen nan karyè li kòm veterinè, kote li te antre nan klèje a, pou l te ka pran swen fanmi li. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=192523840777186|title=Black History Month - A White Minister Speaks Against Segregation -1960|last=Billingsley|first=Jake|website=Family friend, co activist, and church member|publisher=Facebook|access-date=10 février 2011}}.</ref> Buck te ale nan [[Université de Californie à Berkeley|Inivèsite Kalifòni, Berkeley]], ak nan [[Université du Texas à Austin|Inivèsite Texas nan Austin]], li te gradye nan [[New College of California]] pandan li te nan prizon. Apre sa, li te fè yon metriz nan pwezi nan New kolèj. === Aktivis nan ane 60 ak 70 yo === an [[Université du Texas à Austin|Inivèsite Texas]], Buck te patisipe nan [[Opposition à la guerre du Viêt Nam|òganizasyon kont Lagè Vyetnam nan]], ansanm ak aktivite [[antirasis|anti-rasis]] . Li te rantre nan [[Students for a Democratic Society]] (SDS) epi li te travay avèk [[Presse underground des années 1960 et 1970|jounal klandesten]] [[Austin, Texas|Austin]] nan ane 1960 ak 1970 yo, ''The Rag'' . An 1967, Buck te demenaje ale Chicago kote li te edite ''New Left Notes SDS la'' epi li te ale nan yon lekòl SDS. Ansanm ak lòt fanm SDS yo, li te ede entegre tèm [[Women's Lib|liberasyon fanm yo]] nan politik òganizasyon an. Apre sa, li te retounen San Francisco kote li te travay ak [[Newsreel]], pou sipòte souverènte [[Amérindiens aux États-Unis|Endyen Ameriken]] ak [[Palestine (État)|Palestinyen yo]], kont entèvansyon Ameriken an nan [[Iran]] ak [[Vyetnam|Vyetnam,]] epi tou an solidarite ak mouvman liberasyon Nwa a. Avèk kòlèg li Karen Ross, li eksplike pratik yo a. : «Nou kanpe moun nan lari a epi konfwonte yo ak fim nou yo. Nou enplike yo. Li vin jwenn yo pandan y ap mache nan lari a, yo bite sou li pa aza. Yo konfwonte. Desizyon pou gade, pou montre degoutans oswa enterè, se pou yo kounye a. Pou moun ki kirye yo, nou eksplike plis» . An 1973, Buck te kondane pou de akizasyon pou achte [[minisyon]] (ki te legal) lè l sèvi avèk yon fo kat idantite epi li te kondane a dis ane prizon. An 1977, yo te akòde Buck pèmisyon epi li te al kache olye pou l retounen. == Sipò pou Nouvo Mouvman Endepandans Afriken an == An 1979, [[Assata Shakur]], ki te kondane pou asasina yon ofisye lapolis, te sove nan yon prizon nan New Jersey avèk èd plizyè asosye ki te deyò. An 1983, yo te kaptire Buck ankò epi yo te kondane l pou patisipasyon li nan chape Shakur la <ref>''The New York Times''. (November 29, 1979). "Bail Set at $2,500 In Chesimard Case". Section 2, p. 4, column 4.</ref> {{,}} <ref name="j425">ones, Charles Earl. (1998). ''The Black Panther Party (reconsidered)''. Black Classic Press. {{ISBN|0-933121-96-2}}., p. 425.</ref> Ansanm ak manm BLA yo, Buck te kondane pou konplo pou komèt yon vòl ame nan vòl Brinks an 1981, kote yon gad ak de ofisye lapolis te mouri. Li swadizan te kondui machin pou sove a epi li te ede jwenn yon abri ak zam. Pandan ankèt la sou vòl ame ak asasina a, envestigatè yo te jwenn zam ak papye nan yon apatman nan [[East Orange, New Jersey|East Orange]], [[Noujèze|New Jersey]] ke " Carol Durant ", yon alyas pou Buck. Papye yo mennen lapolis nan yon adrès nan [[Mount Vernon, New York|Mount Vernon, Nouyòk]], kote yo jwenn rad ki gen san ak minisyon ki pou Buck. Nan kòmansman lane 1981, Buck te patisipe nan yon vòl ame nan yon kamyon Brinks nan [[Bronx]] la, kote youn nan gad yo te asasinen. <ref>Lubasch, Arnold H. (May 12, 1988). "[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DEED61E3AF931A25756C0A96E948260 2 Ex-Fugitives Convicted of Roles In Fatal Armored-Truck Robbery]." ''The New York Times''. Retrieved on 2010-08-18.</ref> == Ka Konspirasyon Rezistans lan == An 1985, Buck ak sis lòt moun te kondane nan ka konspirasyon rezistans lan, pwosè yon seri bonbadman pou pwoteste kont [[Politique étrangère des États-Unis|politik etranjè Etazini]] nan Mwayen Oryan ak Amerik Santral. [[Acte d'accusation|Akizasyon 12 me 1988 la]] dekri objektif konplo a kòm " pou enfliyanse, chanje, epi pwoteste kont politik ak pratik gouvènman Etazini an konsènan divès pwoblèm entènasyonal ak domestik atravè itilizasyon mwayen vyolan ak ilegal "epi li akize sèt akize yo pou bonbadman [[Capitole des États-Unis|Kapitòl Etazini an]], twa enstalasyon militè nan zòn Washington, D.C., ak kat sit nan vil Nouyòk." Yo bay alèt epi pèsonn pa blese. Yo te vize Kapitòl la kòm sib pou dènye envazyon militè ameriken yo nan [[Invasion de la Grenade|Grenada]] ak [[Liban]] . Sit militè bonbade yo se te [[National War College|Kolèj Nasyonal Lagè]] nan Fort McNair, Sant Enfòmatik Washington Navy Yard, ak Klib Ofisye Washington Navy Yard yo. Nan vil Nouyòk, [[Staten Island]] Federal Building, Israeli Aircraft Industries Building, [[Afrik disid (peyi)|Konsila Sid Afriken an]], ak biwo polis nan asosiyasyon pou vil la nan Nouyòk yo bonbade oswa yo vize . Sis nan moun ki te akize nan ka a te lage nan prizon depi lè sa a epi yo pa janm arete yonn. ==Nòt ak referans== {{Referans}} [[Kategori:Nesans desanm 1947]] 3sxv9h0iidbum9hs7a8nme3mu5rwpbl 2 95997 867891 867868 2025-05-29T19:28:35Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Paj itilizatè 867891 wikitext text/x-wiki Yon [[Franse|fransè]] ki aprann [[Kreyòl ayisyen|kreyòl Ayisyen]] an. Li pral eseye konplete [[Wikipedya kreyòl ayisyen|Wikipedya nan kreyòl]]. Mwen enterese nan [[istwa]] [[Risi]] ak [[Ayiti]], kidonk m ap eseye ekri [[atik]] sou sijè sa a. Ezite pa pou bay konsèy mwen !!! [[Fichye:New-Bouncywikilogo.gif|gauche|vignette|188x188px|M renmen gif sa a]] s1m0q6iejaci50ws3qpmd6cgk2kq48c 0 96005 867896 867768 2025-05-30T11:49:33Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 867896 wikitext text/x-wiki '''R.''' '''Kelly''' , ki gen non sèn li '''Robert Sylvester Kelly''', li fèt 8 janvier 1967 nan [[Chikago|Chicago]], [[Ilinwa|Illinois]], se yon chantè RnB ak soul, pwodiktè, konpozitè ak [[Krim|kriminèl]] ameriken. Li se otè mizik ki fè gwo siksè nan ane 1990 yo ak 2000 yo, tankou ''{{Lang|en|[[I Believe I Can Fly]]}}'' pou ke li te resevwa twa prim Grammy . Pandan ane 2000 yo, R. Kelly te gen non l ki site nan plizyè dosye lajistis. An 2019, li te arete epi akize de krim li te komèt ane 1994 ak 2018, tankou trafik ak eksplwatasyon seksyèl sou minè, ekstòsyon, koripsyon ak travay fòse. Yo te jwenn li koupab, yo te kondane l plizyè fwa. Santans ki pi lou a, yo ba li nan mwa jen 2022, se trant (30) lane prizon l ap pase kòm kriminèl. == Jenès ak kòmansman == Non anfans li se Robert Sylvester Kelly <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/R-Kelly|title=R. Kelly {{!}} Biography, Songs, Albums, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-01-09}}</ref> epi li te grandi nan South Side nan [[Chikago|Chicago]], li se twazyèm nan kat timoun. Manman kelly ki selibatè, rele Joanne, se yon chantèz. Sepandan, papa Kelly te absan pandan tout lavi li . Fanmi Kelly te rete nan Ida B. Wells Homes, yon gwo devlopman lojman ki sitiye nan katye Bronzeville nan Chicago . Lena McLin dekri kay Kelly a ak pwòp mo pa li. : « Li te kwense. Yon tab, de (2) chèz. Pa t gen okenn prezans papa isit la ditou » . Kelly te chante nan yon koral pou premye fwa a laj de uit an. <ref name="AP Timeline" /> Kelly te grandi nan yon kay ki gen fanm sèlman, yon anviwònman kote li te reyaji yon fason diferan pandan absans manman l ak granparan l. Lè Kelly te timoun, yon jèn fi ki te gen dizan anplis li, te konn abize l seksyèlman detanzantan. "Mwen te twò pè e mwen te wont" se sa Kelly konfye nan [[otobiyografi]] li a, lefètke li pat janm rakonte sa ki te rive l la. Nan fen ane 1970 yo, li te gen 10 zan sèlman, Kelly te nan yon diskisyon ak mennaj li toupre yon ti rivyè, epi san li pa t vle, li te pouse l nan dlo a. Yo te jwenn li mouri, nwaye <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.slate.fr/story/230045/culture/gare-au-gourou/episode-1-r-kelly-crimes-sexuels-predateur-mineures-industrie-musicale|title=R. Kelly, de la success story américaine au prédateur sexuel hors norme|last=Delcourt|first=Maxime|date=2022-07-29|website=Slate.fr|access-date=2022-08-04|archive-date=2022-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804181043/http://www.slate.fr/story/230045/culture/gare-au-gourou/episode-1-r-kelly-crimes-sexuels-predateur-mineures-industrie-musicale|dead-url=yes}}</ref> . A 11 zan, li te pran yon bal nan zepòl pandan l t ap mache lakay li ; Bal la sanble tou rete kole nan zepòl li . == Lavi maryaj ak fanmi == 31 out 1994, a 27 lane, li te marye ak chantèz e aktris Aaliyah, ki te gen 15 zan lè sa a. Paran li yo te fè anile maryaj la (lalwa ameriken nan eta [[Ilinwa|Illinois]] entèdi maryaj pou sila ki gen mwens ke 18 lane ). Avèk èd manadjè Kelly a, Aaliyah te bay manti sou laj li pou l te ka marye <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/21/us/r-kelly-trial-testimony-friday/index.html|title=Former R. Kelly tour manager reluctantly testifies about the singer's marriage to Aaliyah|last=Moghe|first=Sonia|date=2021-08-21|website=CNN|language=en|access-date=2022-11-05}}</ref> . Paran l yo te voye l an Ewòp pou kouvri eskandal la <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/kelly/939951,kellya.article|title=Kelly accused of sex with teenage girls :: CHICAGO SUN-TIMES :: The R. Kelly trial|date=2008-05-16|website=Chicago Sun-Times|access-date=2022-11-05|archive-date=2008-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516005806/http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/kelly/939951,kellya.article|dead-url=yes}}</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/critique-album/aaliyah/|title=Aaliyah - Les Inrocks|date=2013-10-25|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-11-05|archive-date=2013-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025030319/http://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/critique-album/aaliyah/|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/aaliyah-one-in-a-million-album-anniversary-7487855/|title=Aaliyah’s ‘One In a Million’ Turns 20: How Her Second Album Predicted R&B’s Future|last=Partridge|first=Kenneth|last2=Partridge|first2=Kenneth|date=2016-08-27|website=Billboard|language=en-US|access-date=2022-11-05}}</ref> . R. Kelly te kòmanse fè ti rankont amoure ak Andrea Drew an 1996. Yo te marye ane apre a epi yo te fè de (2) pitit fi ak yon pitit gason. Separasyon an te finalize an 2006 epi divòs la te pwononse an janvier 2009 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.purepeople.com/article/r-kelly-accuse-de-violences-et-abus-son-ex-femme-et-sa-fille-sont-dechirees_a321500/1|title=R. Kelly accusé de violences et abus : Son ex-femme et sa fille sont "déchirées"|website=www.purepeople.com|language=fr|access-date=2021-04-05}}</ref> . Nan mwa janvye 2019, nan yon mesaj piblik, Joann, kalifye papa l " mons, manipilatè ak toksik ", li deklare, menm jan ak frè l ak sè l , yo sispann tout kontak avè l depi 2008 . === Diskografi === {{Kolòn|* [[1992 en musique|1992]] : ''{{langue|en|[[Born into the 90's]]}}'' * [[1993 en musique|1993]] : ''{{langue|en|[[12 Play]]}}'' * [[1995 en musique|1995]] : ''{{langue|en|[[R. Kelly (album)|R. Kelly]]}}'' * [[1998 en musique|1998]] : ''{{langue|en|[[R. (album)|R.]]}}'' * [[2000 en musique|2000]] : ''{{langue|en|[[TP-2.com]]}}'' * [[2003 en musique|2003]] : ''{{langue|en|[[Chocolate Factory]]}}'' * [[2004 en musique|2004]] : ''{{langue|en|[[Happy People/U Saved Me]]}}'' * [[2005 en musique|2005]] : ''{{langue|en|[[Trapped in the closet]]}}'' * 2005 : ''{{langue|en|[[TP.3 Reloaded]]}}'' * [[2007 en musique|2007]] : ''{{langue|en|[[Double Up]]}}'' * [[2009 en musique|2009]] : ''{{langue|en|[[Untitled (album de R. Kelly)|Untitled]]}}'' * [[2010 en musique|2010]] : ''{{langue|en|[[Love Letter (album de R. Kelly)|Love Letter]]}}'' * [[2011 en musique|2011]] : ''{{langue|en|[[The world's greatest (album de R. Kelly)| The world's greatest]]}}'' * [[2012 en musique|2012]] : ''{{langue|en|[[Write Me Back]]}}'' * [[2013 en musique|2013]] : ''{{langue|en|[[Black Panties]]}}'' * [[2015 en musique|2015]] : ''{{langue|en|[[The Buffet]]}}'' * [[2016 en musique|2016]] : ''{{langue|en|[[12 Nights of Christmas]]}}''|taille=30}} == Nòt ak referans == {{Referans}} [[Kategori:Anlèvman timoun]] [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] n8kg9ipis24gu8nk6cfiwgsckghu4zm 0 96007 867969 867743 2025-06-01T05:02:04Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mizik (atis)|charte=vocal|upright=|label={{hlist|[[Shady Records]]|[[Aftermath Entertainment|Aftermath]]|[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]}}|logo=Logo of Eminem (2013).svg}}Marshall Bruce Mathers III, ke yo rekonèt kòm '''Eminem''' (souvan non an ekri nan stil sa a '''EMINƎM''' ), li fèt 17 octobre 1972 nan [[Saint Joseph, Missouri|Saint Joseph]], [[Misouri (eta)|Missouri]], se yon [[Rap|rapè]], konpozitè, pwodiktè ak [[aktè]] [[Etazini|ameriken]] . Yo rekonèt li rekonèt kòm moun ki popilarize hip hop la nan mitan klas mwayèn ak siperyè Ozetazini epi kritik yo aklame li kòm youn nan pi gwo rapè pou tout tan. Depi karyè solo li, li te yon manm [[Gwoup mizikal|gwoup]] D12 tou, kote li se ko-fondatè, epi li konpoze duo Bad Meets Evil la avèk Royce da 5'9" . Li te fè pati tou yon gwoup nan jenès li yo te rele Soul Intent, answit li te rantre tanporèman nan gwoup Outsidaz nan dezyèm mwatye ane 1990 yo . Eminem vann plis pase {{Unité|227,5|millions}} albòm [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] sèlman {{,}} {{,}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebvnewspaper.com/2020/02/13/new-eminem-album-differs-from-his-last-work/|title=New Eminem album differs from his last work|date=13-02-2020|website=The Bona Venture|language=en|access-date=09-09-2020}}.</ref>, sa ki fè li youn nan [[atis]] ki vann plis disk . Li se tou atis ki vann plis albòm Ozetazini depi kòmansman XXI syèk la. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eminem.pro/en/eminem-top-sales.html|title=Eminem Remains The Best-Selling Artist Of The Century|date=11-11-2019|website=Eminem.Pro - the biggest and most trusted source of Eminem|language=en|access-date=09-09-2020|archive-date=2020-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103013215/https://www.eminem.pro/en/eminem-top-sales.html|dead-url=yes}}.</ref> {{,}} <ref name="chartsinfrance">{{Cite web|url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Eminem/news-69122.html|title=Qui a vendu le plus d'albums depuis 2000 ?|website=chartsinfrance.net|language=fr|access-date=26 avril 2013}}.</ref> . Avèk travay li yo ki gen kolaborasyon l tou ak D12 ak Bad Meets Evil, li gen douz albòm nan tèt tablo mizik ameriken yo. Ozetazini, Eminem gen twa albòm solo ki sètifye dyaman ak ''{{Lang|en|[[The Marshall Mathers LP]]}}'', ''{{Lang|en|[[The Eminem Show]]}}'' ak ''Curtain Call: The Hits'' ansanm ak twa "single" ki sètifye dyaman <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2018/03/09/eminem-is-just-the-second-musician-to-see-3-singles-go-diamond/#55b3e1c02eba|title=Eminem Is Just The Second Musician To See 3 Singles Go Diamond|last=Hugh McIntyre|date=09-03-2018|website=forbes.com|language=en|access-date=09-09-2020}}.</ref> ak ''Lose Yourself'', ''Not Afraid'' ak ''Love the Way You Lie'' . Li gen plis pase 600 rekonpans <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unilad.co.uk/|title=Latest News, Entertainment Stories And Viral Videos - UNILAD|website=unilad.co.uk|language=en|access-date=09-09-2020}}.</ref>, tankou 15 prim Grammy ak yon Oscar . Li te site nan plizyè lis pi gwo atis tout tan, magazin ''{{Lang|en|[[Rolling Stone]]}}'' menm deklare li « Wa Hip-Hop la » <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Eminem/news-75175.html|title=Eminem couronné « King of hip hop » par le magazine ''Rolling Stone''|date=|website=chartsinfrance.net|access-date=17 décembre 2014}}.</ref> . == Biyografi == === Anfans ak jenès === Marshall Bruce Mathers III fèt 17 octobre 1972 nan Saint Joseph, [[Misouri (eta)|Missouri]], nan zòn [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] . Li se sèl pitit Deborah R. Nelson ( [[1955 (almanak gregoryen)|1955]] - 2024 ) te genyen ak Marshall Bruce Mathers Junior (1951-2019) <ref name="Fox news-bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,194705,00.html|title=Eminem's Biography|website=Fox News|language=en|access-date=26 avril 2013}}.</ref> . Rapè a, ki se yon sitwayen ameriken, gen orijin [[Ekòs|eskosè]] , [[Angletè|anglè]], cherokees <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3GmC51vbwnoC&dq=eminem+echota+Cherokee+Tribe&pg=PA99|title=My Son Marshall, My Son Eminem: Setting the Record Straight on My Life as Eminem's Mother|last=Nelson Debbie|date=2008|publisher=Phoenix Books, Inc.|language=en|isbn=978-1-59777-596-0}}</ref>, [[Almay|alman]], swis <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ethnicelebs.com/eminem|title=Eminem – Ethnicity of Celebs {{!}} What Nationality Ancestry Race|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-20}}.</ref>, [[Polòy|polonè]] ak [[Liksanbou (peyi)|luksemwanyèz]] . Li soti nan fanmi Mather sou bò papa l, yon fanmi kalvinis ki gen orijin li nan Lancashire, ki te bay plizyè pastè puriten epi ki te emigre [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] an 1635 apre pèsekisyon anglè yo, premyeman yo enstale yo nan [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], answit nan [[Pènsilvani|Pennsylvania]] . Manman l te gen sèlman disèt tan lè li te akouche pitit gason l lan. Li te chape anba lanmò pandan akouchman an pou yon ti moman . Lè Marshall te gen nèf mwa, papa l te abandone l epi Deborah te rete pou l leve pitit gason l lan poukont li. Marshall Bruce Mathers Jr., papa byolojik Eminem, te mouri nan dat 26 jen 2019, a laj de 67 tan, akoz yon [[kriz kadyak]] lakay li nan [[Enndyana|Indiana]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.purepeople.com/article/eminem-son-pere-bruce-qui-l-a-abandonne-est-mort-a-67-ans_a341339/1|title=Eminem : Son père Bruce, qui l'a abandonné, est mort à 67 ans|website=www.purepeople.com|language=fr|access-date=2019-06-26}}.</ref> Pandansetan, Debbie Nelson te mouri nan dat 2 desanm 2024, akòz kansè nan poumon nan [[Saint Joseph, Missouri|Saint Joseph]], Missouri <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/musique/la-mere-deminem-debbie-nelson-est-decedee-dun-cancer-du-poumon-a-lage-de-69-ans-04-12-2024-IKVS5B2YUZH2BFVTOROQ6WITGA.php|title=La mère d’Eminem, Debbie Nelson, est décédée d’un cancer du poumon à l’âge de 69 ans|website=https://www.leparisien.fr|language=fr}}</ref> . == Diskografi == === Albòm estidyo === * 1996 ''Enfini'' * 1999 ''LP Slim Shady'' la * 2000 ''Marshall Mathers LP'' a * 2002 ''Emisyon Eminem nan'' * 2004 ''Ankò'' * 2009 ''Rechit'' * 2010 ''Rekiperasyon'' * 2013 ''Marshall Mathers LP 2 la'' * 2017 ''Renesans'' * 2018 ''Kamikaze'' * 2020 ''Mizik pou yo asasine'' * 2024 ''Lanmò Slim Shady (Koude de Gras)'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.20minutes.fr/arts-stars/people/4088531-20240426-prochain-album-eminem-sortira-intitulera-the-death-of-slim-shady|title=Le prochain album d’Eminem sortira cet été et s’intitulera « The Death of Slim Shady »|date=26 avril 2024|website=[[20 Minutes (France)|20 Minutes]]|access-date=27 avril 2024}}.</ref> === Konpilasyon, mikstep ak band orijinal === * 1997 ''Slim Shady EP'' * 2002 ''8 Mil'' * 2003 ''Tou dwat soti nan laboratwa a'' * 2003 ''Selibatè Entènasyonal'' * 2005 ''Apèl Rido: Hits yo'' * 2015 ''Raj nan vant lan'' * 2022 ''Apèl Rido 2'' === Albòm, mikstep, EP an kolaborasyon === * 1988 ''New Jacks EP'' (avèk DJ Butter Fingers, ki poko soti) * 1990 ''Antre sou sèn nan'' (avèk Soul Intent, pa pibliye) * 1992 ''Toujou nan Bassmint la'' (avèk Soul Intent, poko soti) * 1995 ''Entansyon Nanm'' (avèk Entansyon Nanm ) * 1997 ''EP anba tè a'' (avèk D12 ) * 2001 ''Lannwit Dyab la'' (ak D12 ) * 2004 ''D12 World'' (avèk D12 ) * 2006 ''Eminem Prezante: The Re-Up'' (avèk Shady Records ) * 2011 ''Lanfè: Swit la'' (avèk Move Rankontre Mal ) * 2014 ''Shady XV'' (avèk Shady Records ) {{col-début}}{{Col-x}} === Principaux titres === * 1998 : ''[[Just Don't Give a Fuck]]'' * 1999 : ''[[My Name Is]]'' * 1999 : ''[[Role Model]]'' * 1999 : ''[[Guilty Conscience (chanson)|Guilty Conscience]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Dr. Dre]])</small> * 2000 : ''[[The Real Slim Shady]]'' * 2000 : ''[[The Way I Am]]'' * 2000 : ''[[Stan (chanson)|Stan]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Dido]])</small> * 2002 : ''[[Without Me (chanson d'Eminem)|Without Me]]'' * 2002 : ''[[Cleanin' Out My Closet]]'' * 2002 : ''[[Lose Yourself]]'' * 2003 : ''[[Superman (chanson d'Eminem)|Superman]] '' * 2003 : ''[[Sing for the Moment]]'' * 2004 : ''[[My Band (chanson)|My Band]]'' <small>(avec [[D12 (groupe)|D12]])</small> * 2004 : ''[[Just Lose It]]'' * 2005 : ''[[Like Toy Soldiers]]'' * 2005 : ''[[Mockingbird (chanson)|Mockingbird]]'' * 2005 : ''[[When I'm Gone (chanson d'Eminem)|When I'm Gone]]'' * 2009 : ''[[We Made You]]'' * 2009 : ''[[Beautiful (chanson d'Eminem)|Beautiful]]'' * 2009 : ''[[Crack a Bottle]]'' * 2010 : ''[[Not Afraid]]'' * 2010 : ''[[Love the Way You Lie]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Rihanna]])</small> * 2011 : [[Space Bound]] * 2011 : ''[[Fast Lane]]'' <small>(avec [[Bad Meets Evil]])</small> * 2011 : ''[[Lighters]]'' <small>(avec [[Bad Meets Evil]] en collaboration avec [[Bruno Mars]])</small> * 2013 : ''[[Berzerk (chanson)|Berzerk]]'' * 2013 : ''[[Rap God]]'' * 2013 : ''[[Survival (chanson d'Eminem)|Survival]]'' * 2013 : ''[[The Monster (chanson)|The Monster]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Rihanna]])</small> * 2014 : ''[[Guts Over Fear]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Sia (chanteuse)|Sia]])</small> * 2017 : ''[[Walk on Water (chanson d'Eminem)|Walk On Water]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Beyoncé]])</small> * 2017 : ''[[River (chanson)|River]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Ed Sheeran]])</small> * 2017 : ''[[Framed (song)|Framed]]'' * 2018 : ''[[Fall (song)|Fall]]'' * 2018 : ''[[Venom (Eminem song)|Venom]]'' * 2018 : ''[[Lucky You (song)|Lucky You]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Joyner Lucas]])</small> * 2020 : ''[[Darkness (chanson d'Eminem)|Darkness]]'' * 2020 : ''[[Godzilla (chanson d'Eminem)|Godzilla]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Juice Wrld]])</small> * 2020 : ''[[Gnat (titre de Eminem)|Gnat]]'' * 2024 : ''[[Houdini (chanson d'Eminem)|Houdini]]'' <!-- merci de ne pas ajouter d'autres titres avant d'en discuter sur la page de discussion -->{{Col-fin}} == Toune == [[Fichye:Eminem-06-mika.jpg|vignette| Eminem an [[1999 (almanak gregoryen)|1999]] .]] === Tit prensipal === * Toune Jesyon Kòlè (2000-2005) * Vwayaj Rekiperasyon an (2010-2012) * Toune Eminem 2013 la (2013) * Ravisman 2014 (2014) * TPR (2016-2017) * GCC (2016-2018) * Toune Renesans Eminem (2018) * B2K (2016-2024) === Avèk lòt atis === * Toune Up in Smoke (2000) <small>avèk Dr.</small> <small>Dre, Snoop Dogg ak Ice Cube</small> * Lakay la ak Tou Lakay la (2010) <small>avèk Jay-Z</small> * Toune Mons lan (2014) <small>avèk [[Rihanna]]</small> == Filmografi == === Sinema === * 1999 {{Lien|trad=Torrance Rises|fr=Torrance Rises|texte=''Torrance Rises''}} pa Spike Jonze tèt li <small>( dokimantè parodi )</small> * 2000 ''Sòsye Hip Hop'' la pa Dale Resteghini tèt li * 2001 ''Lave'' a pa DJ Pooh Chris (pa parèt nan kredi) * 2002 ''8 Mile'' pa Curtis Hanson Jimmy « Lapen » Smith Jr. * 2009 ''Moun komik'' pa Judd Apatow tèt li ( kameo ) * 2012 ''{{Lien|How to Make Money Selling Drugs}}'' pa Matye Cooke tèt li <small>(dokimantè)</small> * 2014 ''Entèvyou Asasen an<nowiki><span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace" id="mwD1g">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>!'' pa Evan Goldberg ak Seth Rogen tèt li * 2025 ''Happy Gilmore 2'' pa Kyle Newacheck ( aparisyon ) === Televizyon === * 2000 – 2003 ''Montre Slim Shady la'' Slim Shady, Marshall Mathers, Eminem, Ken Kaniff ak lòt pèsonaj (vwa) <small>( Seri anime )</small> * 2004 ''Yankee manivèl'' Billy Fletcher (vwa) <small>( Emisyon televizyon komedi )</small> * 2009 ''Ki kote ou te ye <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/eminem-returns-to-high-school-in-mtv-movie-awards-short-film-20090526|title=Eminem Returns To High School in MTV Movie Awards Short Film|date=|publisher=''Rolling Stone''|language=en|access-date=7 octobre 2013}}.</ref> ?'' pa Joseph Jahai Brightly tèt li <small>( Fim kout pwomosyonèl )</small> * 2010 ''Antouraj'' tèt li ( sezon 7, epizòd 10 ) <small>( seri televizyon )</small> * 2011 ''Eminem, majisyen blan hip hop la'' tèt li <small>(dokimantè)</small> * 2017 ''The Defiant Ones'' (seri dokimantè mizikal) pa Allen Hughes tèt li === Videyo === * [[2003 (almanak gregoryen)|2003]] ''50 Cent: Nouvo Ras'' 50 Cent la Lucas Legon <small>( [[Documentaries|dokimantè]] )</small> * [[2004 (almanak gregoryen)|2004]] ''Figi kache Eminem nan'' ( ''AKA Eminem'' ) pa Mike Corbera tèt li <small>(dokimantè)</small> === Pwodiksyon === * 2018 ''Avèk kò'' (fim pa Joseph Kahn ) == Distenksyon == Eminem te genyen plis pase 600 prim sou 732 nominasyon, tankou sa ki annapre yo: : * 15 Prim Grammy * 1 Oscar pou pi bon mizik orijinal * 17 Prim Mizik Billboard * 15 Prim Mizik Videyo MTV yo * 10 Prim Mizik Ameriken * 4 Prim Brit yo * 7 Prim Chwa Pèp la * 16 Prim Mizik MTV [[Ewòp]] yo * 7 Prim Chwa Adolesan * 5 Prim Mizik Mondyal * Prim Atis Deseni an nan ''Billboard'' (2000–2009) == Nòt ak referans == {{Referans}} === Referans === {{Referans Anpil|taille=24}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] 8w3h71yekoopln60jaxad2zvg629xjn 867970 867969 2025-06-01T05:03:02Z Diego Agado 34785 867970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mizik (atis)|charte=vocal|upright=|label={{hlist|[[Shady Records]]|[[Aftermath Entertainment|Aftermath]]|[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]}}|logo=Logo of Eminem (2013).svg}}Marshall Bruce Mathers III, ke yo rekonèt kòm '''Eminem''' (souvan non an ekri nan stil sa a '''EMINƎM''' ), li fèt 17 octobre 1972 nan [[Saint Joseph, Missouri|Saint Joseph]], [[Misouri (eta)|Missouri]], se yon [[Rap|rapè]], konpozitè, pwodiktè ak [[aktè]] [[Etazini|ameriken]] . Yo rekonèt li rekonèt kòm moun ki popilarize hip hop la nan mitan klas mwayèn ak siperyè Ozetazini epi kritik yo aklame li kòm youn nan pi gwo rapè pou tout tan. Depi karyè solo li, li te yon manm [[Gwoup mizikal|gwoup]] D12 tou, kote li se ko-fondatè, epi li konpoze duo Bad Meets Evil la avèk Royce da 5'9" . Li te fè pati tou yon gwoup nan jenès li yo te rele Soul Intent, answit li te rantre tanporèman nan gwoup Outsidaz nan dezyèm mwatye ane 1990 yo . Eminem vann plis pase {{Unité|227,5|millions}} albòm [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] sèlman {{,}} {{,}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebvnewspaper.com/2020/02/13/new-eminem-album-differs-from-his-last-work/|title=New Eminem album differs from his last work|date=13-02-2020|website=The Bona Venture|language=en|access-date=09-09-2020}}.</ref>, sa ki fè li youn nan [[atis]] ki vann plis disk . Li se tou atis ki vann plis albòm Ozetazini depi kòmansman XXI syèk la. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eminem.pro/en/eminem-top-sales.html|title=Eminem Remains The Best-Selling Artist Of The Century|date=11-11-2019|website=Eminem.Pro - the biggest and most trusted source of Eminem|language=en|access-date=09-09-2020|archive-date=2020-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103013215/https://www.eminem.pro/en/eminem-top-sales.html|dead-url=yes}}.</ref> {{,}} <ref name="chartsinfrance">{{Cite web|url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Eminem/news-69122.html|title=Qui a vendu le plus d'albums depuis 2000 ?|website=chartsinfrance.net|language=fr|access-date=26 avril 2013}}.</ref> . Avèk travay li yo ki gen kolaborasyon l tou ak D12 ak Bad Meets Evil, li gen douz albòm nan tèt tablo mizik ameriken yo. Ozetazini, Eminem gen twa albòm solo ki sètifye dyaman ak ''{{Lang|en|[[The Marshall Mathers LP]]}}'', ''{{Lang|en|[[The Eminem Show]]}}'' ak ''Curtain Call: The Hits'' ansanm ak twa "single" ki sètifye dyaman <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2018/03/09/eminem-is-just-the-second-musician-to-see-3-singles-go-diamond/#55b3e1c02eba|title=Eminem Is Just The Second Musician To See 3 Singles Go Diamond|last=Hugh McIntyre|date=09-03-2018|website=forbes.com|language=en|access-date=09-09-2020}}.</ref> ak ''Lose Yourself'', ''Not Afraid'' ak ''Love the Way You Lie'' . Li gen plis pase 600 rekonpans <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unilad.co.uk/|title=Latest News, Entertainment Stories And Viral Videos - UNILAD|website=unilad.co.uk|language=en|access-date=09-09-2020}}.</ref>, tankou 15 prim Grammy ak yon Oscar . Li te site nan plizyè lis pi gwo atis tout tan, magazin ''{{Lang|en|[[Rolling Stone]]}}'' menm deklare li « Wa Hip-Hop la » <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Eminem/news-75175.html|title=Eminem couronné « King of hip hop » par le magazine ''Rolling Stone''|date=|website=chartsinfrance.net|access-date=17 décembre 2014}}.</ref> . == Biyografi == === Anfans ak jenès === Marshall Bruce Mathers III fèt 17 octobre 1972 nan Saint Joseph, [[Misouri (eta)|Missouri]], nan zòn [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] . Li se sèl pitit Deborah R. Nelson ( [[1955 (almanak gregoryen)|1955]] - 2024 ) te genyen ak Marshall Bruce Mathers Junior (1951-2019) <ref name="Fox news-bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,194705,00.html|title=Eminem's Biography|website=Fox News|language=en|access-date=26 avril 2013}}.</ref> . Rapè a, ki se yon sitwayen ameriken, gen orijin [[Ekòs|eskosè]] , [[Angletè|anglè]], cherokees <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3GmC51vbwnoC&dq=eminem+echota+Cherokee+Tribe&pg=PA99|title=My Son Marshall, My Son Eminem: Setting the Record Straight on My Life as Eminem's Mother|last=Nelson Debbie|date=2008|publisher=Phoenix Books, Inc.|language=en|isbn=978-1-59777-596-0}}</ref>, [[Almay|alman]], swis <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ethnicelebs.com/eminem|title=Eminem – Ethnicity of Celebs {{!}} What Nationality Ancestry Race|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-20}}.</ref>, [[Polòy|polonè]] ak [[Liksanbou (peyi)|luksemwanyèz]] . Li soti nan fanmi Mather sou bò papa l, yon fanmi kalvinis ki gen orijin li nan Lancashire, ki te bay plizyè pastè puriten epi ki te emigre [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] an 1635 apre pèsekisyon anglè yo, premyeman yo enstale yo nan [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], answit nan [[Pènsilvani|Pennsylvania]] . Manman l te gen sèlman disèt tan lè li te akouche pitit gason l lan. Li te chape anba lanmò pandan akouchman an pou yon ti moman . Lè Marshall te gen nèf mwa, papa l te abandone l epi Deborah te rete pou l leve pitit gason l lan poukont li. Marshall Bruce Mathers Jr., papa byolojik Eminem, te mouri nan dat 26 jen 2019, a laj de 67 tan, akoz yon [[kriz kadyak]] lakay li nan [[Enndyana|Indiana]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.purepeople.com/article/eminem-son-pere-bruce-qui-l-a-abandonne-est-mort-a-67-ans_a341339/1|title=Eminem : Son père Bruce, qui l'a abandonné, est mort à 67 ans|website=www.purepeople.com|language=fr|access-date=2019-06-26}}.</ref> Pandansetan, Debbie Nelson te mouri nan dat 2 desanm 2024, akòz kansè nan poumon nan [[Saint Joseph, Missouri|Saint Joseph]], Missouri <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/musique/la-mere-deminem-debbie-nelson-est-decedee-dun-cancer-du-poumon-a-lage-de-69-ans-04-12-2024-IKVS5B2YUZH2BFVTOROQ6WITGA.php|title=La mère d’Eminem, Debbie Nelson, est décédée d’un cancer du poumon à l’âge de 69 ans|website=https://www.leparisien.fr|language=fr}}</ref> . == Diskografi == === Albòm estidyo === * 1996 ''Enfini'' * 1999 ''LP Slim Shady'' la * 2000 ''Marshall Mathers LP'' a * 2002 ''Emisyon Eminem nan'' * 2004 ''Ankò'' * 2009 ''Rechit'' * 2010 ''Rekiperasyon'' * 2013 ''Marshall Mathers LP 2 la'' * 2017 ''Renesans'' * 2018 ''Kamikaze'' * 2020 ''Mizik pou yo asasine'' * 2024 ''Lanmò Slim Shady (Koude de Gras)'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.20minutes.fr/arts-stars/people/4088531-20240426-prochain-album-eminem-sortira-intitulera-the-death-of-slim-shady|title=Le prochain album d’Eminem sortira cet été et s’intitulera « The Death of Slim Shady »|date=26 avril 2024|website=[[20 Minutes (France)|20 Minutes]]|access-date=27 avril 2024}}.</ref> === Konpilasyon, mikstep ak band orijinal === * 1997 ''Slim Shady EP'' * 2002 ''8 Mil'' * 2003 ''Tou dwat soti nan laboratwa a'' * 2003 ''Selibatè Entènasyonal'' * 2005 ''Apèl Rido: Hits yo'' * 2015 ''Raj nan vant lan'' * 2022 ''Apèl Rido 2'' === Albòm, mikstep, EP an kolaborasyon === * 1988 ''New Jacks EP'' (avèk DJ Butter Fingers, ki poko soti) * 1990 ''Antre sou sèn nan'' (avèk Soul Intent, pa pibliye) * 1992 ''Toujou nan Bassmint la'' (avèk Soul Intent, poko soti) * 1995 ''Entansyon Nanm'' (avèk Entansyon Nanm ) * 1997 ''EP anba tè a'' (avèk D12 ) * 2001 ''Lannwit Dyab la'' (ak D12 ) * 2004 ''D12 World'' (avèk D12 ) * 2006 ''Eminem Prezante: The Re-Up'' (avèk Shady Records ) * 2011 ''Lanfè: Swit la'' (avèk Move Rankontre Mal ) * 2014 ''Shady XV'' (avèk Shady Records ) === Principaux titres === * 1998 : ''[[Just Don't Give a Fuck]]'' * 1999 : ''[[My Name Is]]'' * 1999 : ''[[Role Model]]'' * 1999 : ''[[Guilty Conscience (chanson)|Guilty Conscience]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Dr. Dre]])</small> * 2000 : ''[[The Real Slim Shady]]'' * 2000 : ''[[The Way I Am]]'' * 2000 : ''[[Stan (chanson)|Stan]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Dido]])</small> * 2002 : ''[[Without Me (chanson d'Eminem)|Without Me]]'' * 2002 : ''[[Cleanin' Out My Closet]]'' * 2002 : ''[[Lose Yourself]]'' * 2003 : ''[[Superman (chanson d'Eminem)|Superman]] '' * 2003 : ''[[Sing for the Moment]]'' * 2004 : ''[[My Band (chanson)|My Band]]'' <small>(avec [[D12 (groupe)|D12]])</small> * 2004 : ''[[Just Lose It]]'' * 2005 : ''[[Like Toy Soldiers]]'' * 2005 : ''[[Mockingbird (chanson)|Mockingbird]]'' * 2005 : ''[[When I'm Gone (chanson d'Eminem)|When I'm Gone]]'' * 2009 : ''[[We Made You]]'' * 2009 : ''[[Beautiful (chanson d'Eminem)|Beautiful]]'' * 2009 : ''[[Crack a Bottle]]'' * 2010 : ''[[Not Afraid]]'' * 2010 : ''[[Love the Way You Lie]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Rihanna]])</small> * 2011 : [[Space Bound]] * 2011 : ''[[Fast Lane]]'' <small>(avec [[Bad Meets Evil]])</small> * 2011 : ''[[Lighters]]'' <small>(avec [[Bad Meets Evil]] en collaboration avec [[Bruno Mars]])</small> * 2013 : ''[[Berzerk (chanson)|Berzerk]]'' * 2013 : ''[[Rap God]]'' * 2013 : ''[[Survival (chanson d'Eminem)|Survival]]'' * 2013 : ''[[The Monster (chanson)|The Monster]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Rihanna]])</small> * 2014 : ''[[Guts Over Fear]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Sia (chanteuse)|Sia]])</small> * 2017 : ''[[Walk on Water (chanson d'Eminem)|Walk On Water]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Beyoncé]])</small> * 2017 : ''[[River (chanson)|River]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Ed Sheeran]])</small> * 2017 : ''[[Framed (song)|Framed]]'' * 2018 : ''[[Fall (song)|Fall]]'' * 2018 : ''[[Venom (Eminem song)|Venom]]'' * 2018 : ''[[Lucky You (song)|Lucky You]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Joyner Lucas]])</small> * 2020 : ''[[Darkness (chanson d'Eminem)|Darkness]]'' * 2020 : ''[[Godzilla (chanson d'Eminem)|Godzilla]]'' <small>(en collaboration avec [[Juice Wrld]])</small> * 2020 : ''[[Gnat (titre de Eminem)|Gnat]]'' * 2024 : ''[[Houdini (chanson d'Eminem)|Houdini]]'' == Toune == [[Fichye:Eminem-06-mika.jpg|vignette| Eminem an [[1999 (almanak gregoryen)|1999]] .]] === Tit prensipal === * Toune Jesyon Kòlè (2000-2005) * Vwayaj Rekiperasyon an (2010-2012) * Toune Eminem 2013 la (2013) * Ravisman 2014 (2014) * TPR (2016-2017) * GCC (2016-2018) * Toune Renesans Eminem (2018) * B2K (2016-2024) === Avèk lòt atis === * Toune Up in Smoke (2000) <small>avèk Dr.</small> <small>Dre, Snoop Dogg ak Ice Cube</small> * Lakay la ak Tou Lakay la (2010) <small>avèk Jay-Z</small> * Toune Mons lan (2014) <small>avèk [[Rihanna]]</small> == Filmografi == === Sinema === * 1999 {{Lien|trad=Torrance Rises|fr=Torrance Rises|texte=''Torrance Rises''}} pa Spike Jonze tèt li <small>( dokimantè parodi )</small> * 2000 ''Sòsye Hip Hop'' la pa Dale Resteghini tèt li * 2001 ''Lave'' a pa DJ Pooh Chris (pa parèt nan kredi) * 2002 ''8 Mile'' pa Curtis Hanson Jimmy « Lapen » Smith Jr. * 2009 ''Moun komik'' pa Judd Apatow tèt li ( kameo ) * 2012 ''{{Lien|How to Make Money Selling Drugs}}'' pa Matye Cooke tèt li <small>(dokimantè)</small> * 2014 ''Entèvyou Asasen an<nowiki><span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace" id="mwD1g">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>!'' pa Evan Goldberg ak Seth Rogen tèt li * 2025 ''Happy Gilmore 2'' pa Kyle Newacheck ( aparisyon ) === Televizyon === * 2000 – 2003 ''Montre Slim Shady la'' Slim Shady, Marshall Mathers, Eminem, Ken Kaniff ak lòt pèsonaj (vwa) <small>( Seri anime )</small> * 2004 ''Yankee manivèl'' Billy Fletcher (vwa) <small>( Emisyon televizyon komedi )</small> * 2009 ''Ki kote ou te ye <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/eminem-returns-to-high-school-in-mtv-movie-awards-short-film-20090526|title=Eminem Returns To High School in MTV Movie Awards Short Film|date=|publisher=''Rolling Stone''|language=en|access-date=7 octobre 2013}}.</ref> ?'' pa Joseph Jahai Brightly tèt li <small>( Fim kout pwomosyonèl )</small> * 2010 ''Antouraj'' tèt li ( sezon 7, epizòd 10 ) <small>( seri televizyon )</small> * 2011 ''Eminem, majisyen blan hip hop la'' tèt li <small>(dokimantè)</small> * 2017 ''The Defiant Ones'' (seri dokimantè mizikal) pa Allen Hughes tèt li === Videyo === * [[2003 (almanak gregoryen)|2003]] ''50 Cent: Nouvo Ras'' 50 Cent la Lucas Legon <small>( [[Documentaries|dokimantè]] )</small> * [[2004 (almanak gregoryen)|2004]] ''Figi kache Eminem nan'' ( ''AKA Eminem'' ) pa Mike Corbera tèt li <small>(dokimantè)</small> === Pwodiksyon === * 2018 ''Avèk kò'' (fim pa Joseph Kahn ) == Distenksyon == Eminem te genyen plis pase 600 prim sou 732 nominasyon, tankou sa ki annapre yo: : * 15 Prim Grammy * 1 Oscar pou pi bon mizik orijinal * 17 Prim Mizik Billboard * 15 Prim Mizik Videyo MTV yo * 10 Prim Mizik Ameriken * 4 Prim Brit yo * 7 Prim Chwa Pèp la * 16 Prim Mizik MTV [[Ewòp]] yo * 7 Prim Chwa Adolesan * 5 Prim Mizik Mondyal * Prim Atis Deseni an nan ''Billboard'' (2000–2009) == referans == {{Referans}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] ptt7wev010d9tlvl166vsppb5w6fjsi 0 96009 867923 867767 2025-05-31T08:08:39Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 867923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mizik (atis)|charte=vocal|label=[[Mercury Records]]<br />[[RCA Records]]<br />{{Lien|fr=Windstar Records|lang=en|trad=Windstar Records|texte=Windstar Records}}<br />{{Lien|fr=Sony Wonder|lang=en|trad=Sony Wonder|texte=Sony Wonder}}|logo=}}'''Henry John Deutschendorf, Jr..''', ke yo rekonèt kòm John Denver, li te fèt 31 décembre 1943 nan Roswell ( [[Nouvo Meksik]] ) epi li mouri 12 octobre 1997 nan " baie de Monterey" ( [[Kalifòni]] ), se yon chantè, konpozitè, [[mizisyen]] ak [[aktè]] [[Etazini|ameriken]] . Chanson li an ''"Take Me Home, Country Roads'' " (1971), yon omaj pou [[Vijini de Lwès|West Virginia]], rete youn nan pi gwo chedèv mizik country ameriken an. Li te pèdi lavi li toupre [[Pacific Grove, Kalifòni|Pacific Grove]], sou kòt [[Monterey, Kalifòni|Monterey]], pandan li t ap pilote yon avyon eksperimantal ki fèt an fib vè, Rutan modèl Long-EZ. == Biyografi == === Premye ane yo === John Denver fèt nan Roswell, [[Nouvo Meksik]] . Papa l, Henry Deutschendorf, Sr., se te yon enstriktè nan Fòs Ayeryen Etazini. John Denver te fèt pandan papa l te estasyone nan ''Roswell Army Airfield'' . Li te pase anfans li nan plizyè baz militè nan sidwès ameriken. Li te frekante lise [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]], [[Teksas|Texas]], epi pita li te enskri nan Texas Tech kote li te yon manm nan fratènite " Delta Tau Delta ". Enterè li pou jwe mizik te vin nan laj douzan lè grann li te ba li yon [[gita]] akoustik Gibson 1910. John Denver te kòmanse fè pèfòmans nan klèb lokal yo ak nan inivèsite a tou. Li te kite inivèsite an 1964 epi li te demenaje al [[Los Angeles, Kalifòni|Los Angeles]] pou l te rantre nan Chad Mitchell Trio, yon gwoup mizik folklorik . An 1966, li te ekri chante ''"Leaving on a Jet Plane"'' a, anrejistreman ki pi popilè a soti nan Peter, Paul and Mary . Li te kite gwoup la, ki te chanje non pou rele Denver, Boise ak Johnson, an 1969 pou l pouswiv yon karyè solo. Nan menm ane a li te pibliye premye albòm li a '', Rhymes and Reasons'' . Pandan kat ane ki te vin apre yo, li te anrejistre albòm tankou ''Whose Garden Was This'', ''Take Me to Tomorrow'', ak ''Poems, Prayers and Promises'' epi li te vin tounen yon selebrite chantè popilè Ozetazini. Youn nan chante li ki pi popilè yo '', Take Me Home, Country Roads'', anrejistre nan lane 1971, te rechante premye fwa an [[Frans]] pa Marie Laforêt sou tit " Peyi mwen an isit la » apre sa pa Claude François sou tit « Mwen toujou gen kay mwen an ", epi ankò kèk ane pita pa Dick Rivers sou tit " Fè yon pon ". Menm chante sa a pral gen yon adaptasyon japonè tou nan fim ''If You Listen'' (1995) (an japonè "耳をすませば" ( ''Mimi o sumaseba'' )), epi Copilot Music pral fè yon kouvèti, ke konpayi Bethesda Softworks pral itilize pou trelè jwèt Fallout 76 li a. Li fè pati tou mizik fim Todd Hayes la, "Dark Waters", ki te soti an 2020. === Lanmò === John Denver te pasyone pou de (2) bagay. : mizik ak aviyasyon. Denver te yon pilòt ki te gen plis pase 2700 lè depi l ap vole. Li te gen kalifikasyon pilòt sa yo : yon sèl motè sou tè ak sou lanmè, plizyè motè sou tè, planè ak enstriman. Li te gen yon kalifikasyon tip tou pou Learjet li a. Li te fèk achte avyon Long-EZ la, yon lòt moun te konstwi l apati yon twous , epi li te fè yon vòl verifikasyon demi èdtan nan avyon an jou anvan aksidan an <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.check-six.com/Crash_Sites/John-Denver-N555JD.htm|title=Denver's Long-EZ|publisher=Check-six. com|access-date=25 août 2015}}</ref> {{,}} <ref name="urlwww.ntsb.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ntsb.gov/news/1999/990126.htm|title=NTSB Determines John Denver's Crash Caused by Poor Placement of Fuel Selector Handle Diverting His Attention During Flight|publisher=National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724010104/https://www.ntsb.gov/news/1999/990126.htm|archive-date=July 24, 2012|access-date=7 décembre 2009}}</ref> . John Denver te mouri nan dat ki te12 oktòb 1997, pandan li t ap pilote avyon Rutan Long-EZ li a ki te fè aksidan nan lanmè. An 2017, ventan apre lanmò li, yon konpayi te achte dwa otè li, jan yo site sa nan revelasyon Paradise Papers yo <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lesoir.be/123773/article/2017-11-10/paradise-papers-devanescence-bob-marley-26000-chansons-logees-dans-une-offshore|title=Paradise Papers: d’Evanescence à Bob Marley, 26.000 chansons logées dans une offshore|date=2017-11-10|website=Le Soir|language=fr|access-date=2021-10-04}}</ref> . == Diskografi == [[Fichye:Lily_Tomlin_John_Denver_1974.JPG|vignette| Foto piblisite Lily Tomlin ak John Denver nan The ''John Denver Special'' .]] {{Kolòn|* [[1969 en musique|1969]] : ''Rhymes & Reasons'' * [[1970 en musique|1970]] : ''Take Me to Tomorrow'' * 1970 : ''Whose Garden Was This?'' * [[1971 en musique|1971]] : ''Poems, Prayers and Promises'' * [[1972 en musique|1972]] : ''Aerie'' * 1972 : ''Rocky Mountain High'' * [[1974 en musique|1974]] : ''Farewell Andromeda'' * 1974 : ''John Denver’s Greatest Hits'' * 1974 : ''Back Home Again'' * [[1975 en musique|1975]] : ''An Evening with John Denver'' * 1975 : ''Windsong'' * 1975 : ''{{lien|fr=Calypso (John Denver)|langue=en|trad=Calypso (song)|texte=Calypso}}'', un hommage musical à [[Jacques-Yves Cousteau]] et à sa cause * 1975 : ''Rocky Mountain Christmas'' * [[1976 en musique|1976]] : ''Spirit'' * [[1977 en musique|1977]] : ''John Denver’s Greatest Hits, Volume 2'' * 1977 : ''I Want to Live'' * 1977 : ''John Denver'' * [[1979 en musique|1979]] : ''A Christmas Together'' * [[1980 en musique|1980]] : ''Autograph'' * [[1981 en musique|1981]] : ''Some Days Are Diamonds'' * [[1982 en musique|1982]] : ''Seasons of the Heart'' * 1982 : ''Rocky Mountain Holiday'' * [[1983 en musique|1983]] : ''It’s About Time'' * [[1984 en musique|1984]] : ''John Denver’s Greatest Hits, Volume 3'' * [[1985 en musique|1985]] : ''Dreamland Express'' * [[1986 en musique|1986]] : ''One World'' * [[1989 en musique|1989]] : ''Higher Ground'' * [[1990 en musique|1990]] : ''Earth Songs'' * 1990 : ''The Flower That Shattered the Stone'' * 1990 : ''A Christmas Together'' * 1990 : ''Christmas, Like a Lullaby'' * [[1991 en musique|1991]] : ''{{langue|en|texte=Different Directions}}'' * [[1994 en musique|1994]] : ''The Very Best of John Denver'' * [[1996 en musique|1996]] : ''John Denver – Love Again'' * [[1997 en musique|1997]] : ''All Aboard!'' * [[1998]] : ''Forever, John'', album posthume}} == Nòt ak referans == <references /> [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] ghfnhtsl9cz8cwur4cftc5ls1l11bu0 0 96013 867946 867796 2025-06-01T04:39:08Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=chanteur|image=Claude Francois 1965-1.jpg|légende=Claude François en 1965.|nationalité=[[France|Française]]}}'''Claude François''', ki gen tinon " '''Kloklo "''', se yon chantè, [[dansè]], [[mizisyen]] ak pwodiktè mizik [[Frans|fransè]], ki fèt premye (1ye) fevriye 1939 nan Ismailia ( Ejip ) epi li mouri aksidantèlman nan vil Paris 16yèm nan dat ki te 11 mars 1978 16yèm . Pandan kenz zan karyè li nan ane 1960 yo ak 1970 yo, li te youn nan [[atis]] fransè ke piblik lan te pi renmen. Anpil nan chante li yo rete popilè, tankou ''[[:fr:Belles_!_Belles_!_Belles_!|Belles ! Belles ! Belles !]]'', ''[[:fr:Cette_année-là|Cette année-là]]'', ''[[:fr:Le_Lundi_au_soleil|Le Lundi au soleil]]'', ''[[:fr:Le_téléphone_pleure|Le téléphone pleure]]'', ''[[:fr:Alexandrie_Alexandra|Alexandrie Alexandra]]'' oubyen ''[[:fr:Comme_d'habitude|Comme d'habitude]]'' (ki te vin tounen yon siksè entènasyonal nan vèsyon [[Lang angle|anglè]] an, ''My Way'' ). Se li ki vini an Frans avèk fenomèn dansez sou sèn nan, sitou avèk "Codettes" Epitou se yon yon antreprenè li ye, li te kreye epi dirije magazin ''Podium'', yon ajans modèl ( ''Girl's Models'' ), magazin glamour ''Absolu'', ansanm ak mak pafen li ( ''Eau noire'' ). == Biyografi == === Orijin yo === Claude Antoine Marie François te fèt 1ye fevriye 1939 nan vil Ismailia nan Wayòm Ejip la . Papa l rele Aimé François, yon anplwaye nan Kanal Suez la, epi manman l rele Lucia Mazzei, ki gen orijin [[Itali|italyèn]] . [[Fichye:PORT-SAÏD._BUREAUX_DE_LA_COMPAGNIE_DU_CANAL_DE_SUEZ_(n.d.)_-_front_-_TIMEA.jpg|alt=|gauche|vignette| Biwo Konpayi Kanal Suez la nan Pò Said, anviwon. 1900.]] Fanmi patènèl li se moun Lyon . Gran granparan patènèl li yo, Nicolas Joseph François, fèt nan Saint-Maurice-sur-Moselle ( Vosges ) an 1835, ak Marie Anne Delphine Callon, fèt nan Mars (Ardèche) ane 1845, yo te marye an 1872 nan Port Said ( [[Ejip]] ), kote Nicolas Joseph François te [[Telegraf|yon telegrafis]] pou Konpayi Kanal Suez la. Twa pitit yo, Gustave, Elisa ak Adolphe, te fèt youn apre lòt nan Pò Said, Suez ak Ismailia <ref>{{Référence Harvard sans parenthèses|Daniel Lesueur|2016|id=Daniel Lesueur|p=5}}.</ref> . === Anfans === [[Fichye:Flickr_-_casillero_-_Ismailia_(1).jpg|vignette| Yon pati lwès Ismailia toupre estasyon tren an ak legliz katolik la sou bò gòch la, 1952.]] Claude François te pase anfans li nan youn nan vila Konpayi Kanal Suez la nan Ismailia . Fanmi li, ki gen sèvant lakay yo, t ap mennen yon vi trè konfòtab. Pandan [[Dezyèm Gè mondyal|Dezyèm Gè Mondyal]] la, [[Alman]] yo te bonbade Ismailia epi vila fanmi François la te detwi. Grann patènèl yo ki te rete nan yon vye kay toupre katye ouvriyè yo te pran Claude François ak sè li a lakay yo. Claude François te melanje ak timoun ki soti nan diferan peyi ( Grèk, Maltèz, Italyen, Arab ) epi li te rete la jiskaske yo te gen laj ase pou al lekòl . == Nòt ak referans == === Nòt === {{Referans}} === Referans ===   === Bibliyografi === * {{Cite book}} * Daniel Lesueur, Claude François. Biographie & discographie argumentée, Rosières-en-Haye, Camion blanc, 2016, 119 p. (ISBN 978-2-35779-752-9). * Fabien Lecœuvre, Claude François 14 284 jours, Paris, Flammarion, coll. « BIOGRAPHIES, ME », 2017, 400 p. (ISBN 978-2-08-132405-3). * Philippe Chevallier, La Chanson exactement. L'art difficile de Claude François, Paris, PUF, 2017, 285 p. (ISBN 978-2-13-078904-8). [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] a15jshuu1l1dssrz08a1c9g6sozlhpe 0 96014 867910 867807 2025-05-31T06:39:52Z Diego Agado 34785 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 867910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mizik (atis)|charte=vocal|label=[[Sony BMG]]|logo=}}'''Julien Doré''', ki fèt 7 jiyè 1982 nan Alès ( Gard ), se yon chantè-konpozitè, [[mizisyen]], pwodiktè ak [[aktè]] [[Franse|fransè]] . Li te vin popilè apre li te fin genyen senkyèm sezon "<nowiki><i id="mwEQ">Nouvelle Star"</i></nowiki> la an 2007 . Apre sa, li te siyen sis albòm estidyo. : ''Ersatz'' (2008), ''Bichon'' (2011), ''Løve'' (2013), ''&amp;amp;'' (2016), ''Aimée'' (2020) ak ''Imposteur'' (2024). == Biyografi == === Jènès ak lavi prive === Julien Doré te grandi nan Lunel ak nan Nîmes, kote li te kontinye fè etid segondè li nan lise Louis Feuillade epi li te jwe [[foutbòl]] nan Gallia Club Lunel . Apre yon bakaloreya literè, li te ale nan École supérieure des beaux-arts de Nîmes pandan senk lane. An 2002, yo te bal non ''Julian Goldy'' (pou Doré), li fonde gwoup Dig Up Elvis (Déterrez Elvis) avèk Guillaume de Molina sou [[gita]], Céline ''Linsay kòm'' chantè ak tanbouren epi pi bon zanmi li, Julien Francioli, nan bas. Baptiste ''Tiste'' te vin jwenn yo nan tanbou yon ti tan apre. Gwoup la te konn jwe nan ba nan rejyon Nîmes la. [[Fichye:Louise_Bourgoin_Julien_Doré.jpg|vignette| Julien Doré ak [[Louise Bourgoin]], nan 2008.]] Li te renmen avèk [[Louise Bourgoin]] ant 2007 ak 2010 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parismatch.com/People/Cinema/Louise-Bourgoin-maman-d-un-petit-garcon-966796|title=Louise Bourgoin maman d'un petit garçon|date=12 mai 2016|website=parismatch.com|access-date=juin 2018}}.</ref> . Li t ap viv avèk aktris [[Marina Hands]] soti 2010 rive 2012 . Depi kòmansman ane 2010 yo, li deklare li se yon vejetaryen <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://madame.lefigaro.fr/celebrites/julien-dore-interview-mariage-enfants-poney-licorne-071116-117664|title=Julien Doré : "Les hommes m'exaspèrent vite"|last=Figaro|first=Madame|date=2016-11-07|website=Madame Figaro|access-date=2019-06-25}}.</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vegemag.fr/actualite/julien-dore-ce-pose-probleme-cest-lelevage-intensif-2663|title=Julien Doré : « Ce qui me pose problème, c'est l'élevage intensif »|date=2014-07-02|website=Vegemag|access-date=2019-06-25}}.</ref>, an patikilye akòz move trètman [[bèt]] yo ap sibi nan " elvaj entansif ". Depi 2018, li kite [[Pari]] pou l retounen nan rejyon kote li te grandi a. Li te reyenstale li nan Sid peyi Lafrans, pi presizeman nan "Cévennes" <ref> {{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/musique/avec-julien-dore-dans-sa-ville-aimee-de-lunel-31-08-2020-8376132.php|title=Avec Julien Doré, qui pousse la porte de son ancienne école à Lunel|last=Éric Bureau|date=2020-08-31|website=leparisien.fr|access-date=2021-03-18}}.</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.purepeople.com/article/julien-dore-tres-au-calme-isole-adieu-paris-il-devoile-sa-nouvelle-vie_a401870/1|title=Julien Doré "très au calme, isolé" : adieu Paris, il dévoile sa nouvelle vie|website=purepeople.com|access-date=2021-03-18}}.</ref> {{,}} <ref> {{Cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/Culture/Musique/Julien-Dore-J-ai-decide-de-changer-de-vie-1700216|title=Julien Doré : "J’ai décidé de changer de vie"|website=parismatch.com|access-date=2021-03-18}}.</ref> . == Diskografi == === Albòm stidyo ===        == Toune == === ''Ersatz'' === * 2008-2009 Konsè ki soti nan sal klib, teyat ak festival - 100 dat * 2009 : Anrejistreman konsè "Les Vieilles Charrues" * 2009 : Anrejistreman konsè "Paléo". === ''Bichon'' === * 2011-2012 Konsè ki soti nan sal klèb, teyat ak festival - 90 dat * 2011 Anrejistreman Konsè nan Fèm nan pou France 2 * 2011 RIcard Live Tour - Konsè gratis - 7 dat === ''Kou pa lanmou'' === * 2014-2015 Konsè nan sal klib, teyat ak festival ak de Zenith - 160 dat * 2014 Anrejistreman yon konsè fòmasyon espesyal sou Arte TV * 2014 : Audio recording France inter Francofolies de la Rochelle Tribute to Daho * 2015 Kaptire Alkalin === ''& Wonn'' === * 2017 Konsè nan Zéniths & 2 Bercy ak Festival - 75 dat - Konsè Radyo - 15 dat * 2017 Anrejistreman Emisyon An Dirèk Bercy * 2017 Kaptire Alkalin nan fòmasyon espesyal === ''Toune ou menm ak mwen'' === * 2018 Konsè, Teyat ak Festival - 56 dat === ''Mwen te renmen toune a'' === * 2022 Konsè ak Festival - 51 dat nan Zeniths ak Arenas ak 4 dat nan Accor Arena <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.juliendoreofficiel.com/aimee-la-tournee/|title=aimée la tournée|date=2021-07-08|website=Julien Doré|language=en-US|access-date=2024-07-24}}.</ref> == Filmografi == === Kòm yon aktè === * 2009 ''Zetwal Nwa yo'' (kout fim) ; koleksyon ''Ekri pou yon Chantè'' soti nan Canal+ ), pa Yann Gonzalez jèn gason an * 2009 ''Monstr kont etranje'' pa Conrad Vernon Derek Dietl <small>(doublaj pou vèsyon fransèz la)</small> * 2010 ''Ansanm, nou pral viv yon trè, trè bèl istwa lanmou...'' , pa [[Pascal Thomas]] Nicolas Heurtebise * [[2010 (almanak gregoryen)|2010]] : ''Vampires'', pa Vincent Lannoo Jean-Paul, machann sèkèy la * [[2010 (almanak gregoryen)|2010]] : ''The Cosmic Scream'' (kout fim), pa Jules-César Bréchet : Eugene B. * 2013 ''Pop Redemption'', pa Martin Le Gall Aleks * [[2013 (almanak gregoryen)|2013]] : ''Estuary'', pa Gaëtan Chataigner Golden Surfer * [[2013 (almanak gregoryen)|2013]] ''Lakay nou se twa<nowiki><span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace" id="mwAsA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>!'' , pa Claude Duty aktè a nan ''Faded Kisses'' * 2017 ''[[Dix pour cent (seri)|Ten Percent]]'' ( seri ), sezon 2 (epizòd 3, 4 ak 5 - ak vwa sèlman nan epizòd 6), sezon 3 (epizòd 2 ak 3) tèt li * 2018 ''Yeti ak Konpayi'' pa Karey Kirkpatrick Percy Patterson <small>(doublaj pou vèsyon fransèz la)</small> * depi 2023 : ''Panda'' pa Nicolas Cuche ak Jérémy Mainguy Panda === Klip === ==== Kòm yon reyalizatè ==== * 2008 : ''The Limits'', ko-direktè Fabrice Laffont * 2008 ''Figi Obligatwa'', ko-direktè * 2009 ''The Seaside'', ko-reyalizatè avèk Waf * 2011 : ''Kiss Me Forever'', ko-reyalize avèk Waf * 2011 ''Summer'', ko-direktè avèk HK * 2012 ''Kite April'', ko-direktè ak Waf * 2013 ''Pari-Sesèl'', ko-direktè * 2014 ''Flow'' Alex Beaupain * 2014 : ''N ap tann sezon ivè a'' * 2014 ''Chou-Wasabi'', ko-reyalizatè ak Shotgun * 2015 : ''White Crow'' (viv), ko-direktè Fabrice Laffont * 2016 ''Lak la ,'' ko-reyalizatè avèk Brice VDH * 2016 ''Siblim ak Silans'', ko-reyalizatè avèk Brice VDH * 2017 : ''Coco câline'', ko-direktè ak Brice VDH * 2017 : ''Porto-Vecchio'', ko-direktè ak Brice VDH * 2018 ''Afrik'' avèk Dick Rivers ( Scopitone ), ko-reyalizatè avèk Brice VDH * 2020 ''Lafyèv,'' ko-direktè avèk Brice VDH * 2020: ''Nou'' * 2021 Kiki ==== Patisipasyon ==== * 2013 ''Pi bèl dife mwen an'' pa Arman Melies, reyalize pa Julie Gavras == Distenksyon == {| class="wikitable" !Année ! width="65" |Concours ! width="250" |Travail nommé ! width="325" |Récompense ! width="65" |Résultat ! width="70" |Référence |- | align="center" |2008 |Prix Constantin |Julien Doré |Prix Constantin | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="6" align="center" |2009 |NRJ Music Awards |''Les Limites'' |Chanson francophone de l'année | {{nom}} |- |Trophée ''Paris Match'' |Julien Doré |Artiste de l'année | {{lauréat}} |- | rowspan="3" |Victoire <nowiki><br id="mwA1A"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>de la musique | rowspan="2" |''Ersatz'' |Album révélation | {{lauréat}} |- |Révélation du Public | {{nom}} |- |''Les Limites'' |Vidéo-clip | {{lauréat}} |- | rowspan="2" |Globe de cristal | rowspan="5" |Julien Doré | rowspan="2" |Meilleur interprète masculin | {{lauréat}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center" |2012 | {{nom}} |- |Victoires de la musique |Meilleur clip | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="4" align="center" |2014 |Prix du Magazine GQ | rowspan="2" |Musicien de l'année | {{lauréat}} |- |Prix de la radio France Bleu | {{lauréat}} |- |Victoires de la musique |''Løve'' |Album de chanson | {{nom}} |- |NRJ Music Awards |''Paris-Seychelles'' |Chanson francophone de l'année | {{nom}} |- | align="center" |2015 |Victoires <nowiki><br id="mwA44"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>de la musique |Julien Doré |Artiste interprète masculin | {{lauréat}} |- | align="center" |2017 |Globe<nowiki><br id="mwA5c"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>de cristal |Julien Doré |Meilleur interprète masculin | {{lauréat}} |- | align="center" |2017 |Album RTL | rowspan="2" |&amp;amp; |Album RTL | {{lauréat}} |Référence<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lalettre.pro/Le-Prix-Album-RTL-de-l-annee-pour-Julien-Dore_a15115.html|title=Le Prix "Album RTL de l'année" pour Julien Doré|date=14 décembre 2017|website=lalettre.pro|access-date=22 décembre 2017}}.</ref> |- | align="center" |2017 | rowspan="2" |Victoires <nowiki><br id="mwA6s"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>de la musique |Artiste Masculin | {{nom}} |- | align="center" |2018 |& tour |Tournée de l'année | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center" |2020 | rowspan="2" |NRJ Music Awards |Julien Doré |Artiste masculin francophone de l'année | {{nom}} | rowspan="2" |Site NRJ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrj.fr/music-awards/nommes|title=Nommés NRJ Music Awards 2020|date=|access-date=26 janvier 2021}}.</ref> |- |''Nous'' |Clip de l'année | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center" |2021 | rowspan="2" |Victoires <nowiki><br id="mwA8g"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>de la musique |''Aimée'' |Album de l'année |{{nom}} | rowspan="2" |Site Victoires<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.francebleu.fr/culture/musique/victoires-de-la-musique-julien-dore-remporte-la-victoire-de-la-creation-audiovisuelle-pour-nous-1613163467|title=Victoire de la musique : Julien Doré remporte la Victoire de la création audiovisuelle pour "Nous" !|date=|access-date=26 janvier 2021}}.</ref> |- |''Nous'' |Création audiovisuelle de l'année |{{lauréat}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center" |2022 | rowspan="3" |NRJ Music Awards |''Aimée encore'' |Tournée francophone de l'année |{{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |''Coup De Vieux'' (feat. Bigflo et Oli) |Collaboration francophone de l'année |{{lauréat}} |- |Clip francophone de l'année |{{lauréat}} |- |} === Dekorasyon === * Officier de l'ordre des Arts et des Lettres (2025)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/liste/bodmr|title=BODMR n°3 du 5 mai 2025 texte 66|website=legifrance.gouv.fr|access-date=10-05-2025}}</ref> == Piblikasyon == * Lafyèv, 2024, edisyon EVALOU, 32 paj ( ISBN 978-2-490-07467-9 ) * Frédéric Quinonero, ''Julien Doré nan kwen pòp'', L'Archipel, 2022 == Nòt ak referans == {{Referans}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] ivmk0ljl2kmiaqhb2ibb9e7cfqg3nxl 867911 867910 2025-05-31T06:40:56Z Diego Agado 34785 867911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mizik (atis)|charte=vocal|label=[[Sony BMG]]|logo=}}'''Julien Doré''', ki fèt 7 jiyè 1982 nan Alès ( Gard ), se yon chantè-konpozitè, [[mizisyen]], pwodiktè ak [[aktè]] [[Franse|fransè]] . Li te vin popilè apre li te fin genyen senkyèm sezon "Nouvelle Star" la an 2007 . Apre sa, li te siyen sis albòm estidyo. : ''Ersatz'' (2008), ''Bichon'' (2011), ''Løve'' (2013), ''&amp;amp;'' (2016), ''Aimée'' (2020) ak ''Imposteur'' (2024). == Biyografi == === Jènès ak lavi prive === Julien Doré te grandi nan Lunel ak nan Nîmes, kote li te kontinye fè etid segondè li nan lise Louis Feuillade epi li te jwe [[foutbòl]] nan Gallia Club Lunel . Apre yon bakaloreya literè, li te ale nan École supérieure des beaux-arts de Nîmes pandan senk lane. An 2002, yo te bal non ''Julian Goldy'' (pou Doré), li fonde gwoup Dig Up Elvis (Déterrez Elvis) avèk Guillaume de Molina sou [[gita]], Céline ''Linsay kòm'' chantè ak tanbouren epi pi bon zanmi li, Julien Francioli, nan bas. Baptiste ''Tiste'' te vin jwenn yo nan tanbou yon ti tan apre. Gwoup la te konn jwe nan ba nan rejyon Nîmes la. [[Fichye:Louise_Bourgoin_Julien_Doré.jpg|vignette| Julien Doré ak [[Louise Bourgoin]], nan 2008.]] Li te renmen avèk [[Louise Bourgoin]] ant 2007 ak 2010 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parismatch.com/People/Cinema/Louise-Bourgoin-maman-d-un-petit-garcon-966796|title=Louise Bourgoin maman d'un petit garçon|date=12 mai 2016|website=parismatch.com|access-date=juin 2018}}.</ref> . Li t ap viv avèk aktris [[Marina Hands]] soti 2010 rive 2012 . Depi kòmansman ane 2010 yo, li deklare li se yon vejetaryen <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://madame.lefigaro.fr/celebrites/julien-dore-interview-mariage-enfants-poney-licorne-071116-117664|title=Julien Doré : "Les hommes m'exaspèrent vite"|last=Figaro|first=Madame|date=2016-11-07|website=Madame Figaro|access-date=2019-06-25}}.</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vegemag.fr/actualite/julien-dore-ce-pose-probleme-cest-lelevage-intensif-2663|title=Julien Doré : « Ce qui me pose problème, c'est l'élevage intensif »|date=2014-07-02|website=Vegemag|access-date=2019-06-25}}.</ref>, an patikilye akòz move trètman [[bèt]] yo ap sibi nan " elvaj entansif ". Depi 2018, li kite [[Pari]] pou l retounen nan rejyon kote li te grandi a. Li te reyenstale li nan Sid peyi Lafrans, pi presizeman nan "Cévennes" <ref> {{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/musique/avec-julien-dore-dans-sa-ville-aimee-de-lunel-31-08-2020-8376132.php|title=Avec Julien Doré, qui pousse la porte de son ancienne école à Lunel|last=Éric Bureau|date=2020-08-31|website=leparisien.fr|access-date=2021-03-18}}.</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.purepeople.com/article/julien-dore-tres-au-calme-isole-adieu-paris-il-devoile-sa-nouvelle-vie_a401870/1|title=Julien Doré "très au calme, isolé" : adieu Paris, il dévoile sa nouvelle vie|website=purepeople.com|access-date=2021-03-18}}.</ref> {{,}} <ref> {{Cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/Culture/Musique/Julien-Dore-J-ai-decide-de-changer-de-vie-1700216|title=Julien Doré : "J’ai décidé de changer de vie"|website=parismatch.com|access-date=2021-03-18}}.</ref> . == Diskografi == === Albòm stidyo === == Toune == === ''Ersatz'' === * 2008-2009 Konsè ki soti nan sal klib, teyat ak festival - 100 dat * 2009 : Anrejistreman konsè "Les Vieilles Charrues" * 2009 : Anrejistreman konsè "Paléo". === ''Bichon'' === * 2011-2012 Konsè ki soti nan sal klèb, teyat ak festival - 90 dat * 2011 Anrejistreman Konsè nan Fèm nan pou France 2 * 2011 RIcard Live Tour - Konsè gratis - 7 dat === ''Kou pa lanmou'' === * 2014-2015 Konsè nan sal klib, teyat ak festival ak de Zenith - 160 dat * 2014 Anrejistreman yon konsè fòmasyon espesyal sou Arte TV * 2014 : Audio recording France inter Francofolies de la Rochelle Tribute to Daho * 2015 Kaptire Alkalin === ''& Wonn'' === * 2017 Konsè nan Zéniths & 2 Bercy ak Festival - 75 dat - Konsè Radyo - 15 dat * 2017 Anrejistreman Emisyon An Dirèk Bercy * 2017 Kaptire Alkalin nan fòmasyon espesyal === ''Toune ou menm ak mwen'' === * 2018 Konsè, Teyat ak Festival - 56 dat === ''Mwen te renmen toune a'' === * 2022 Konsè ak Festival - 51 dat nan Zeniths ak Arenas ak 4 dat nan Accor Arena <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.juliendoreofficiel.com/aimee-la-tournee/|title=aimée la tournée|date=2021-07-08|website=Julien Doré|language=en-US|access-date=2024-07-24}}.</ref> == Filmografi == === Kòm yon aktè === * 2009 ''Zetwal Nwa yo'' (kout fim) ; koleksyon ''Ekri pou yon Chantè'' soti nan Canal+ ), pa Yann Gonzalez jèn gason an * 2009 ''Monstr kont etranje'' pa Conrad Vernon Derek Dietl <small>(doublaj pou vèsyon fransèz la)</small> * 2010 ''Ansanm, nou pral viv yon trè, trè bèl istwa lanmou...'' , pa [[Pascal Thomas]] Nicolas Heurtebise * [[2010 (almanak gregoryen)|2010]] : ''Vampires'', pa Vincent Lannoo Jean-Paul, machann sèkèy la * [[2010 (almanak gregoryen)|2010]] : ''The Cosmic Scream'' (kout fim), pa Jules-César Bréchet : Eugene B. * 2013 ''Pop Redemption'', pa Martin Le Gall Aleks * [[2013 (almanak gregoryen)|2013]] : ''Estuary'', pa Gaëtan Chataigner Golden Surfer * [[2013 (almanak gregoryen)|2013]] ''Lakay nou se twa<nowiki><span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace" id="mwAsA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>!'' , pa Claude Duty aktè a nan ''Faded Kisses'' * 2017 ''[[Dix pour cent (seri)|Ten Percent]]'' ( seri ), sezon 2 (epizòd 3, 4 ak 5 - ak vwa sèlman nan epizòd 6), sezon 3 (epizòd 2 ak 3) tèt li * 2018 ''Yeti ak Konpayi'' pa Karey Kirkpatrick Percy Patterson <small>(doublaj pou vèsyon fransèz la)</small> * depi 2023 : ''Panda'' pa Nicolas Cuche ak Jérémy Mainguy Panda === Klip === ==== Kòm yon reyalizatè ==== * 2008 : ''The Limits'', ko-direktè Fabrice Laffont * 2008 ''Figi Obligatwa'', ko-direktè * 2009 ''The Seaside'', ko-reyalizatè avèk Waf * 2011 : ''Kiss Me Forever'', ko-reyalize avèk Waf * 2011 ''Summer'', ko-direktè avèk HK * 2012 ''Kite April'', ko-direktè ak Waf * 2013 ''Pari-Sesèl'', ko-direktè * 2014 ''Flow'' Alex Beaupain * 2014 : ''N ap tann sezon ivè a'' * 2014 ''Chou-Wasabi'', ko-reyalizatè ak Shotgun * 2015 : ''White Crow'' (viv), ko-direktè Fabrice Laffont * 2016 ''Lak la ,'' ko-reyalizatè avèk Brice VDH * 2016 ''Siblim ak Silans'', ko-reyalizatè avèk Brice VDH * 2017 : ''Coco câline'', ko-direktè ak Brice VDH * 2017 : ''Porto-Vecchio'', ko-direktè ak Brice VDH * 2018 ''Afrik'' avèk Dick Rivers ( Scopitone ), ko-reyalizatè avèk Brice VDH * 2020 ''Lafyèv,'' ko-direktè avèk Brice VDH * 2020: ''Nou'' * 2021 Kiki ==== Patisipasyon ==== * 2013 ''Pi bèl dife mwen an'' pa Arman Melies, reyalize pa Julie Gavras == Distenksyon == {| class="wikitable" !Année ! width="65" |Concours ! width="250" |Travail nommé ! width="325" |Récompense ! width="65" |Résultat ! width="70" |Référence |- | align="center" |2008 |Prix Constantin |Julien Doré |Prix Constantin | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="6" align="center" |2009 |NRJ Music Awards |''Les Limites'' |Chanson francophone de l'année | {{nom}} |- |Trophée ''Paris Match'' |Julien Doré |Artiste de l'année | {{lauréat}} |- | rowspan="3" |Victoire <nowiki><br id="mwA1A"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>de la musique | rowspan="2" |''Ersatz'' |Album révélation | {{lauréat}} |- |Révélation du Public | {{nom}} |- |''Les Limites'' |Vidéo-clip | {{lauréat}} |- | rowspan="2" |Globe de cristal | rowspan="5" |Julien Doré | rowspan="2" |Meilleur interprète masculin | {{lauréat}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center" |2012 | {{nom}} |- |Victoires de la musique |Meilleur clip | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="4" align="center" |2014 |Prix du Magazine GQ | rowspan="2" |Musicien de l'année | {{lauréat}} |- |Prix de la radio France Bleu | {{lauréat}} |- |Victoires de la musique |''Løve'' |Album de chanson | {{nom}} |- |NRJ Music Awards |''Paris-Seychelles'' |Chanson francophone de l'année | {{nom}} |- | align="center" |2015 |Victoires <nowiki><br id="mwA44"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>de la musique |Julien Doré |Artiste interprète masculin | {{lauréat}} |- | align="center" |2017 |Globe<nowiki><br id="mwA5c"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>de cristal |Julien Doré |Meilleur interprète masculin | {{lauréat}} |- | align="center" |2017 |Album RTL | rowspan="2" |&amp;amp; |Album RTL | {{lauréat}} |Référence<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lalettre.pro/Le-Prix-Album-RTL-de-l-annee-pour-Julien-Dore_a15115.html|title=Le Prix "Album RTL de l'année" pour Julien Doré|date=14 décembre 2017|website=lalettre.pro|access-date=22 décembre 2017}}.</ref> |- | align="center" |2017 | rowspan="2" |Victoires <nowiki><br id="mwA6s"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>de la musique |Artiste Masculin | {{nom}} |- | align="center" |2018 |& tour |Tournée de l'année | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center" |2020 | rowspan="2" |NRJ Music Awards |Julien Doré |Artiste masculin francophone de l'année | {{nom}} | rowspan="2" |Site NRJ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrj.fr/music-awards/nommes|title=Nommés NRJ Music Awards 2020|date=|access-date=26 janvier 2021}}.</ref> |- |''Nous'' |Clip de l'année | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center" |2021 | rowspan="2" |Victoires <nowiki><br id="mwA8g"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>de la musique |''Aimée'' |Album de l'année |{{nom}} | rowspan="2" |Site Victoires<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.francebleu.fr/culture/musique/victoires-de-la-musique-julien-dore-remporte-la-victoire-de-la-creation-audiovisuelle-pour-nous-1613163467|title=Victoire de la musique : Julien Doré remporte la Victoire de la création audiovisuelle pour "Nous" !|date=|access-date=26 janvier 2021}}.</ref> |- |''Nous'' |Création audiovisuelle de l'année |{{lauréat}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center" |2022 | rowspan="3" |NRJ Music Awards |''Aimée encore'' |Tournée francophone de l'année |{{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |''Coup De Vieux'' (feat. Bigflo et Oli) |Collaboration francophone de l'année |{{lauréat}} |- |Clip francophone de l'année |{{lauréat}} |- |} === Dekorasyon === * Officier de l'ordre des Arts et des Lettres (2025)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/liste/bodmr|title=BODMR n°3 du 5 mai 2025 texte 66|website=legifrance.gouv.fr|access-date=10-05-2025}}</ref> == Piblikasyon == * Lafyèv, 2024, edisyon EVALOU, 32 paj ( ISBN 978-2-490-07467-9 ) * Frédéric Quinonero, ''Julien Doré nan kwen pòp'', L'Archipel, 2022 == Nòt ak referans == {{Referans}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] ckkcljihlnn0lx20l8nfmt8owys7yu1 0 96021 867881 867865 2025-05-29T13:57:47Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Ajoute yon bwat infomasyon 867881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}}{{Lagè | name = Revolisyon Ris | image= [[File:Митинг на Невском проспекте (1917).jpg|thumb|Revolisyon Fevriye 1917 la te mete fen nan règ tsaris la nan Larisi. Sen Pètèsbou (Risi), Nevsky Prospekt.]] | image_size = 150 |date= Hivè 1917 - Hivè 1921 |place=[[Risi]] |casus= |result=Viktwa Bolshevik yo * Abdikasyon Tsar Nikola II * Fen Anpi ris la * Etablisman [[Inyon Repiblik Sosyalis Sovyetik|Inyon Repiblik Sosialis Sovyetik]] * Masak Fanmi Tsar la }} Se yon evènman ki te pran plas depi [[Oktòb]] [[1917 (almanak gregoryen)|1917]]. Anba lidèchip [[Lenine|Lenin]] ak Pati Bolchevik la, pèp [[Risi|Ris]] la te leve kanpe kont Tsar la. Sa te mennen nan kreyasyon [[Inyon Repiblik Sosyalis Sovyetik|Inyon Repiblik Sosialis Sovyetik]] la. kahf5zrj62dhq0eil3q2vjiv8nco6g5 0 96022 867886 2025-05-29T17:28:23Z Kitanago 19629 Paj ki kreye ak " {{Bandeau Année|2025}} {{palèt Ane|2025}} '''2025''' est l'année en cours. C'est une [[année commune]] qui [[Année commune commençant un mercredi|commence un mercredi]]. C'est la 2025{{e}} année de [[notre ère]], la {{25e}} du [[IIIe millénaire|{{IIIe}} millénaire]] et du {{XXIe siècle}} et la {{6e}} de la [[Années 2020|décennie 2020-2029]]. " 867886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bandeau Année|2025}} {{palèt Ane|2025}} '''2025''' est l'année en cours. C'est une [[année commune]] qui [[Année commune commençant un mercredi|commence un mercredi]]. C'est la 2025{{e}} année de [[notre ère]], la {{25e}} du [[IIIe millénaire|{{IIIe}} millénaire]] et du {{XXIe siècle}} et la {{6e}} de la [[Années 2020|décennie 2020-2029]]. exkdiw8lvgo6elbvro7m49dsdbf6dn6 867887 867886 2025-05-29T17:28:41Z Kitanago 19629 867887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{palèt ane|2025}} '''2025''' est l'année en cours. C'est une [[année commune]] qui [[Année commune commençant un mercredi|commence un mercredi]]. C'est la 2025{{e}} année de [[notre ère]], la {{25e}} du [[IIIe millénaire|{{IIIe}} millénaire]] et du {{XXIe siècle}} et la {{6e}} de la [[Années 2020|décennie 2020-2029]]. efx7rzf68lzsm0aunjcuwbhibtjjc9a 867888 867887 2025-05-29T17:31:26Z Kitanago 19629 867888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{palèt ane|2025}} '''2025''' se lane nou ye kounye a. Se lane ane komin qi kòmanse yon mèkredi. Se 2025{{e}} ane nan epòk nou an, 25e nan [[IIIe milenè|{{IIIe}} milenè]] ak nan {{XXIe syèk}} epi {{6e}} nan [[Ane 2020 yo|deseni 2020-2029]]. fd58dyszuu9wlrfgzrq8l0xk21e67jy 0 96023 867901 2025-05-30T17:13:13Z HalikhSovar78 35705 Yon nouvèl paj 867901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biyografi|non=Kim Jong Oun|foto=[[File:Kim Jong-un at the Workers' Party of Korea main building.png]]|lejand=Kim Jong-un nan bilding prensipal Pati Travayè Kore a|peyi nesans=[[Kore dinò]]|nasyonalite=Kore di Nò|peyi rezidans=Kore dinò|lye nesans=Wonsan, Kore Dinò|pwofesyon=Dirijan Siprem Kore dinò|konjwen=Ri Sol-Ju|desandan=Kim Ju-Ae ak de lòt enkoni}} '''Kim Jong Oun''', se dirijan siprem [[Kore dinò]] a. 1tk86dxb6qlyolssbme6vmeubveokgm 0 96024 867906 2025-05-31T05:21:51Z Nathavaskie 31718 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225794173|Antonio Rodrigue]] » 867906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Pèsonalite politik|charte=}} Antonio Rodrigue se yon nèg politik ayisyen, minis Zafè etranje depi 13 mas 2017 rive 17 septamb 2018, li se 165 yèm Chanselye Ayiti. == Biyografi == Antonio Rodrigue diplome nan "Institut National de Gestion des Hautes Études Internationales " (INAGHEI) ak "Ecole de Diplomatie de Rio Branco" nan peyi Brezil. Nan finisman etid li, li nan ministè Zafè etranje, epi nome kòm konsil Ayiti nan Jenèv peyi Laswis. Aprè ,li evolye nan anbasad Ayiti ki Lafrans, answit nan reprezantasyon peyi l nan LONI pandan dizan. Nan lane 1999, Antonio Rodrigue transfere nan anbasad Venezyela la a. An 2001, li rejwenn reprezantasyon konsilè peyi l an Espay. An menm tan, li ap asire fonksyon anbasadè epi reprezantan nan Òganizasyon Leta Ameriken yo (OEA) nan Wachintonn. 13 mas 2017, nouvo premye minis la Jack Guy Lafontant nome Antonio Rodrigue minis Zafè etranje ak kilt yo. Nan me 2017, li inogire chanm komès Ispano-Ayisyen an nan Madrid. Nan novanm 2017, Antonio Rodrigue redui nan mwatye nan kò konsilè ayisyen an, ki te gen ladann 1003 manm ki koute 4 295 000 $ ak Leta chak mwa pou peye yo. Yon mezi ki te tanmen nan jiyè 2017. == Nòt ak referans == <references responsive="1"></references> == Gade tou == === Paj ki gen rapò === * [[Lis minis ayisyen zafè etranjè|Lis Minis Afè Etranjè Ayisyen yo]] {{Portail|politique|Relations internationales|Haïti}} gvzpk6favjvd2q9bu0wvs8yhrkv21r3 0 96025 867907 2025-05-31T05:25:40Z Nathavaskie 31718 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/211681420|Louis Déjoie Jr.]] » 867907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2|charte=personnalité politique}}Louis Dejoie Jr. Se yon zòm dafè epi zòm politik ayisyen, ki fèt an Ayiti 28 me 1928 epi mouri Sannwann (Pòtoriko) 12 janvye 1998. == Biyografi == Louis Dejoie II se pitit Louis Dejoie ak Suzon Boucard. Li te kandida nan eleksyon prezidansyèl 1987 la. Antanke opozan politik, yo te mete l nan depo 20 janvye 1988 la nan ayewopò Pòtoprens lan. Li te kandida nan eleksyon prezidansyèl 1990 la, kote l fini dèyè Jean-Bertrand Aristide ak Marc Bazin ak 4,88% vòt. Li te minis kòmès soti premye septanm 1993 rive me 1994. == Sous yo == <references responsive="1"></references> * Phil Gunson, Greg Chamberlain, Andrew Thompson, ''Diksyonè Politik Kontanporen Amerik Santral ak Karayib la'', 2015 * Christian Lionet, ''Ayiti: Ane Aristide la'', 1992 == Lyen ekstèn == {{Liens}}{{Portail|Haïti|Politique|}} etcppu89dnk4uj9emlyqho04irgs4ui 0 96026 867908 2025-05-31T05:27:57Z Nathavaskie 31718 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/201653473|Alexander Rudnay]] » 867908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Prélat catholique|nom=Alexander Rudnay|titre=Cardinal|image=Alexander Rudnay.jpg|taille image=240|légende=Alexander Rudnay|nom de naissance=|date de naissance={{date|4|octobre|1760}}|lieu de naissance=[[Považany|Szentkereszt (Heiligenkreuz)]] {{HUN}}|date de décès={{date|13|septembre|1831}}|lieu de décès=[[Esztergom]] {{HUN}}|ordination=[[12 octobre]] [[1783]]|consécration=[[21 avril]] [[1816]]|création={{date|2|octobre|1826}} par le<br />[[pape]] [[Léon XII]]|titre cardinalice=Cardinal-prêtre|dernier titre=|blason simple=COA cardinal SK Rudnay Alexander Stefan.png|devise=|va=|ch=rudnay|cr=}} Alexander Rudnay de Rudnó et Divékújfalu, fèt 4 oktòb 1760 nan Szentkereszt an Ongri ( jodi a Kriz nad Váhom nan Eslovaki) epi mouri 13 septanm 1831 nan Ezstergom, se yon ansyen kadinal ongwa nan legliz katolik Womèn lan. == Biyografi == Rudnay fè travay pastoral nan achidyosèz Ezstergom epi vin chanwàn li, pwofesè l epi rektè nan seminè a. Li te eli evèk Transilvani an 1816 epi antre nan achidyosèz Ezstergom lan an 1819 Pap Léon XII la kreye l kadinal "in pectore" nan konzitwa 2 oktòb 1826 la. Kreyasyon l pibliye 15 desanm 1828. Rudnay pa t patisipe nan konklav 1829 la, kote Pie VIII te eli pap, ak konklav 1830-1831 an (eleksyon Grégoire XVI). Li se gran defansè ansèyman ak kilti eslovak la. == Gade tou == === Atik ki gen rapò === * Lis kadinal ki te kreye pa Leo XII === Lyen ekstèn === {{Liens}} * {{En}} [http://webdept.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1826-ii.htm#Rudnay Site de la Florida International University]{{Portail|Catholicisme|Hongrie|XIXe siècle|Vatican}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] 4g2qkdf7hkaij0r370pub3obbf2sv87 0 96027 867918 2025-05-31T08:02:38Z Diego Agado 34785 Paj ki kreye ak " Aaron Groups Broker se yon filiyal de Aaron Groups Company, ki ofri divès aktivite biznis. Aaron Groups ap opere nan Saint-Vensans ak Grenadin depi 2020 e, tankou anpil lòt koutye nan rejyon an, yo konsidere li kòm yon konpayi ki soti lòt bò dlo. Koutye Aaron Groups gen 2 zan eksperyans nan biznis. Koutye sa a te premye founisè senbòl Toman nan mond lan; Sa vle di ke apa de senbòl entènasyonal tankou ons lò ak ajan, ero an dola, liv an dola, elatriye, ou kapab... " 867918 wikitext text/x-wiki Aaron Groups Broker se yon filiyal de Aaron Groups Company, ki ofri divès aktivite biznis. Aaron Groups ap opere nan Saint-Vensans ak Grenadin depi 2020 e, tankou anpil lòt koutye nan rejyon an, yo konsidere li kòm yon konpayi ki soti lòt bò dlo. Koutye Aaron Groups gen 2 zan eksperyans nan biznis. Koutye sa a te premye founisè senbòl Toman nan mond lan; Sa vle di ke apa de senbòl entènasyonal tankou ons lò ak ajan, ero an dola, liv an dola, elatriye, ou kapab tou fè komès lò Aron, pyès monnen Aron, [[dola]] an Toman, ero an Toman, elatriye.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arongroups.co/|title=Aron Groups Broker|date=2023-11-18|language=en-US|access-date=2025-05-31}}</ref> == Resous == [[Kategori:Echanj dijital]] [[Kategori:Echanj Bitcoin yo]] 8c6h659pu2zm4ge6d85lgcdmz3ol4k2 0 96028 867999 2025-06-01T22:30:52Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 867999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] ikft8yh8zaeqhyusud75tjq61ll4xdw 868000 867999 2025-06-01T22:34:19Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] sklqp0lw53byebeoqxl6pan49i3d7dl 868001 868000 2025-06-01T22:36:05Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] bftuihgdkezar9f76v97yjwr94e4mda 868002 868001 2025-06-01T22:42:32Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] ipnq77arfmw8yzycj4cv3c10w4vsj03 868003 868002 2025-06-01T23:16:37Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) {{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] 8eyrwmy0nc707wr7v1h3ybs2a8jb5fh 868004 868003 2025-06-01T23:17:17Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] dgbple9rrdm32gy1r6zv0kog8h17kel 868005 868004 2025-06-01T23:18:06Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] qztcvmvviof95b4d6mfj1jkzky3fc3d 868006 868005 2025-06-01T23:21:58Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] qnu8w9y7dtcam7c4yt6zgo96s80kqhk 868007 868006 2025-06-01T23:23:24Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] fr6twhfnd2h8anf5fno81cyfd2n5zpr 868008 868007 2025-06-01T23:25:54Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. == Listwa == * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] ppa8j3t6j2k119qhxgduxiszt8c542p 868009 868008 2025-06-01T23:31:20Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a te premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. == Listwa == * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] 2k032lvtf29je3hzqedqlibunx4hntk 868010 868009 2025-06-01T23:32:36Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. == Listwa == * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] nr0qbzue433ujuh02dhgy1h0imdd91r 868011 868010 2025-06-01T23:33:42Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. == Listwa == [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] l9ak16reb8lb0meuv6xxozdivjbyoom 868012 868011 2025-06-01T23:34:17Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] tkxfexrwdv4xhvqnfe5h3l1hxcmfxq1 868013 868012 2025-06-01T23:34:54Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] kjpyaz6jpqstdjy482ps3uusq4qf6ks 868014 868013 2025-06-01T23:35:31Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] 5v72bj8l8nehg2vkw7vs4sunes01fwt 868015 868014 2025-06-01T23:36:14Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] === Modèl estati yo === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] nntc1852sigfno9qftpby01svgrpim1 868016 868015 2025-06-01T23:40:48Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] Nan ki te 8 juin 1871, avèk lèt entwodiksyon Laboulaye te voye ba li, Bartholdi te pati pou senk mwa Ozetazini kote li te gen kontwol sit Bedloe's Island, ki te vin Liberty Island pita, epi li te eseye jwenn sipòtè. Li rankontre ak [[Prezidan Etazini|prezidan ameriken]] Ulysses S. Grant nan 18 jiyè 1871 nan Nouyòk{{Sfn|Belot|Bermond|2004}}. nan yon klib espesyal nan vil Nouyòk, li te òganize yon dine pou ranmase lajan pou Repibliken rich yo, li te revele yo pri inisyal eskilti a: {{Unité|125000|dola}} (ki ekivalan a {{Nowrap|2,5 milyon}} nan kòmansman XXI syèk la) pou mete yo sou yon wo nivo depans Ameriken yo, 125 000 pou rès estati a sou depans Fransè yo, men li te retounen an Frans san lajan, biznismann yo te vle mete non konpayi yo sou estati a an echanj pou patisipasyon finansye yo. === Modèl estati yo === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] je10liwprhqb6e6iuq051dgeu5zqghv 868017 868016 2025-06-01T23:43:43Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. Apre atak 11 septanm 2001 yo, aksè a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite: pyedestal la te relouvri an 2004 epi estati a an 2009, avèk yon limitasyon sou kantite vizitè ki otorize pou jwenn aksè nan kouwòn lan. Estati a (ki gen ladan pedestal la ak baz la) te fèmen pandan yon ane jiska Nan dat 28 oktob 2012, pou yo te ka enstale yon dezyèm eskalye ak lòt mezi sekirite (aksè nan zile a, poutan, aksè a te rete ouvè). Yon jou apre rewouvèti a, yo te entèdi aksè ankò akòz efè devastatè Siklòn Sandy a. Yo te relouvri aksè nan zile a ak estati a nan 4 jiyè 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/liberty-island-reopen-july-4-article-1.1293012#ixzz2O1S6vvwV|title=''Statue of Liberty, closed since Hurricane Sandy, will re-open by July 4''|website=[[nydailynews.com]]|language=en|access-date=22 mars 2014}}.</ref>. Aksè piblik sou balkon ki antoure flanbo a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite depi Nan lane 1916. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] Nan ki te 8 juin 1871, avèk lèt entwodiksyon Laboulaye te voye ba li, Bartholdi te pati pou senk mwa Ozetazini kote li te gen kontwol sit Bedloe's Island, ki te vin Liberty Island pita, epi li te eseye jwenn sipòtè. Li rankontre ak [[Prezidan Etazini|prezidan ameriken]] Ulysses S. Grant nan 18 jiyè 1871 nan Nouyòk{{Sfn|Belot|Bermond|2004}}. nan yon klib espesyal nan vil Nouyòk, li te òganize yon dine pou ranmase lajan pou Repibliken rich yo, li te revele yo pri inisyal eskilti a: {{Unité|125000|dola}} (ki ekivalan a {{Nowrap|2,5 milyon}} nan kòmansman XXI syèk la) pou mete yo sou yon wo nivo depans Ameriken yo, 125 000 pou rès estati a sou depans Fransè yo, men li te retounen an Frans san lajan, biznismann yo te vle mete non konpayi yo sou estati a an echanj pou patisipasyon finansye yo. === Modèl estati yo === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] 622ogla0cbquxkb2yqd3wuh81yujhn0 868018 868017 2025-06-01T23:44:07Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. Apre atak 11 septanm 2001 yo, aksè a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite: pyedestal la te relouvri an 2004 epi estati a an 2009, avèk yon limitasyon sou kantite vizitè ki otorize pou jwenn aksè nan kouwòn lan. Estati a (ki gen ladan pedestal la ak baz la) te fèmen pandan yon ane jiska Nan dat 28 oktob 2012, pou yo te ka enstale yon dezyèm eskalye ak lòt mezi sekirite (aksè nan zile a, poutan, aksè a te rete ouvè). Yon jou apre rewouvèti a, yo te entèdi aksè ankò akòz efè devastatè Siklòn Sandy a. Yo te relouvri aksè nan zile a ak estati a nan 4 jiyè 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/liberty-island-reopen-july-4-article-1.1293012#ixzz2O1S6vvwV|title=''Statue of Liberty, closed since Hurricane Sandy, will re-open by July 4''|website=[[nydailynews.com]]|language=en|access-date=22 mars 2014}}.</ref>. Aksè piblik sou balkon ki antoure flanbo a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite depi Nan lane 1916. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] Nan ki te 8 juin 1871, avèk lèt entwodiksyon Laboulaye te voye ba li, Bartholdi te pati pou senk mwa Ozetazini kote li te gen kontwol sit Bedloe's Island, ki te vin Liberty Island pita, epi li te eseye jwenn sipòtè. Li rankontre ak [[Prezidan Etazini|prezidan ameriken]] Ulysses S. Grant nan 18 jiyè 1871 nan Nouyòk{{Sfn|Belot|Bermond|2004}}. nan yon klib espesyal nan vil Nouyòk, li te òganize yon dine pou ranmase lajan pou Repibliken rich yo, li te revele yo pri inisyal eskilti a: {{Unité|125000|dola}} (ki ekivalan a {{Nowrap|2,5 milyon}} nan kòmansman XXI syèk la) pou mete yo sou yon wo nivo depans Ameriken yo, 125 000 pou rès estati a sou depans Fransè yo, men li te retounen an Frans san lajan, biznismann yo te vle mete non konpayi yo sou estati a an echanj pou patisipasyon finansye yo.{{clr|left}} === Modèl estati yo === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] g44bddzygiaj690nh2rdal3tfmz1lai 868019 868018 2025-06-01T23:44:41Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. Apre atak 11 septanm 2001 yo, aksè a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite: pyedestal la te relouvri an 2004 epi estati a an 2009, avèk yon limitasyon sou kantite vizitè ki otorize pou jwenn aksè nan kouwòn lan. Estati a (ki gen ladan pedestal la ak baz la) te fèmen pandan yon ane jiska Nan dat 28 oktob 2012, pou yo te ka enstale yon dezyèm eskalye ak lòt mezi sekirite (aksè nan zile a, poutan, aksè a te rete ouvè). Yon jou apre rewouvèti a, yo te entèdi aksè ankò akòz efè devastatè Siklòn Sandy a. Yo te relouvri aksè nan zile a ak estati a nan 4 jiyè 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/liberty-island-reopen-july-4-article-1.1293012#ixzz2O1S6vvwV|title=''Statue of Liberty, closed since Hurricane Sandy, will re-open by July 4''|website=[[nydailynews.com]]|language=en|access-date=22 mars 2014}}.</ref>. Aksè piblik sou balkon ki antoure flanbo a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite depi Nan lane 1916. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] Nan ki te 8 juin 1871, avèk lèt entwodiksyon Laboulaye te voye ba li, Bartholdi te pati pou senk mwa Ozetazini kote li te gen kontwol sit Bedloe's Island, ki te vin Liberty Island pita, epi li te eseye jwenn sipòtè. Li rankontre ak [[Prezidan Etazini|prezidan ameriken]] Ulysses S. Grant nan 18 jiyè 1871 nan Nouyòk{{Sfn|Belot|Bermond|2004}}. nan yon klib espesyal nan vil Nouyòk, li te òganize yon dine pou ranmase lajan pou Repibliken rich yo, li te revele yo pri inisyal eskilti a: {{Unité|125000|dola}} (ki ekivalan a {{Nowrap|2,5 milyon}} nan kòmansman XXI syèk la) pou mete yo sou yon wo nivo depans Ameriken yo, 125 000 pou rès estati a sou depans Fransè yo, men li te retounen an Frans san lajan, biznismann yo te vle mete non konpayi yo sou estati a an echanj pou patisipasyon finansye yo.{{clr|left}} === Modèl estati yo === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] ==== Chwa figi ==== * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] ffzhi1u198djoqjoxcs97ajknqo4vfe 868020 868019 2025-06-01T23:45:08Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. Apre atak 11 septanm 2001 yo, aksè a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite: pyedestal la te relouvri an 2004 epi estati a an 2009, avèk yon limitasyon sou kantite vizitè ki otorize pou jwenn aksè nan kouwòn lan. Estati a (ki gen ladan pedestal la ak baz la) te fèmen pandan yon ane jiska Nan dat 28 oktob 2012, pou yo te ka enstale yon dezyèm eskalye ak lòt mezi sekirite (aksè nan zile a, poutan, aksè a te rete ouvè). Yon jou apre rewouvèti a, yo te entèdi aksè ankò akòz efè devastatè Siklòn Sandy a. Yo te relouvri aksè nan zile a ak estati a nan 4 jiyè 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/liberty-island-reopen-july-4-article-1.1293012#ixzz2O1S6vvwV|title=''Statue of Liberty, closed since Hurricane Sandy, will re-open by July 4''|website=[[nydailynews.com]]|language=en|access-date=22 mars 2014}}.</ref>. Aksè piblik sou balkon ki antoure flanbo a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite depi Nan lane 1916. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] Nan ki te 8 juin 1871, avèk lèt entwodiksyon Laboulaye te voye ba li, Bartholdi te pati pou senk mwa Ozetazini kote li te gen kontwol sit Bedloe's Island, ki te vin Liberty Island pita, epi li te eseye jwenn sipòtè. Li rankontre ak [[Prezidan Etazini|prezidan ameriken]] Ulysses S. Grant nan 18 jiyè 1871 nan Nouyòk{{Sfn|Belot|Bermond|2004}}. nan yon klib espesyal nan vil Nouyòk, li te òganize yon dine pou ranmase lajan pou Repibliken rich yo, li te revele yo pri inisyal eskilti a: {{Unité|125000|dola}} (ki ekivalan a {{Nowrap|2,5 milyon}} nan kòmansman XXI syèk la) pou mete yo sou yon wo nivo depans Ameriken yo, 125 000 pou rès estati a sou depans Fransè yo, men li te retounen an Frans san lajan, biznismann yo te vle mete non konpayi yo sou estati a an echanj pou patisipasyon finansye yo.{{clr|left}} === Modèl estati yo === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] ==== Chwa figi ==== [[Fichye:Suez_projet_Auguste_Bartholdi.jpg|vignette| Akwarel desen Bartholdi a pou Kanal Suez la, 1869. Mize Bartholdi nan Colmar.]] * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] bfy81zpjymosq5tl3cmj4i59qatfc0s 868021 868020 2025-06-01T23:45:48Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. Apre atak 11 septanm 2001 yo, aksè a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite: pyedestal la te relouvri an 2004 epi estati a an 2009, avèk yon limitasyon sou kantite vizitè ki otorize pou jwenn aksè nan kouwòn lan. Estati a (ki gen ladan pedestal la ak baz la) te fèmen pandan yon ane jiska Nan dat 28 oktob 2012, pou yo te ka enstale yon dezyèm eskalye ak lòt mezi sekirite (aksè nan zile a, poutan, aksè a te rete ouvè). Yon jou apre rewouvèti a, yo te entèdi aksè ankò akòz efè devastatè Siklòn Sandy a. Yo te relouvri aksè nan zile a ak estati a nan 4 jiyè 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/liberty-island-reopen-july-4-article-1.1293012#ixzz2O1S6vvwV|title=''Statue of Liberty, closed since Hurricane Sandy, will re-open by July 4''|website=[[nydailynews.com]]|language=en|access-date=22 mars 2014}}.</ref>. Aksè piblik sou balkon ki antoure flanbo a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite depi Nan lane 1916. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] Nan ki te 8 juin 1871, avèk lèt entwodiksyon Laboulaye te voye ba li, Bartholdi te pati pou senk mwa Ozetazini kote li te gen kontwol sit Bedloe's Island, ki te vin Liberty Island pita, epi li te eseye jwenn sipòtè. Li rankontre ak [[Prezidan Etazini|prezidan ameriken]] Ulysses S. Grant nan 18 jiyè 1871 nan Nouyòk{{Sfn|Belot|Bermond|2004}}. nan yon klib espesyal nan vil Nouyòk, li te òganize yon dine pou ranmase lajan pou Repibliken rich yo, li te revele yo pri inisyal eskilti a: {{Unité|125000|dola}} (ki ekivalan a {{Nowrap|2,5 milyon}} nan kòmansman XXI syèk la) pou mete yo sou yon wo nivo depans Ameriken yo, 125 000 pou rès estati a sou depans Fransè yo, men li te retounen an Frans san lajan, biznismann yo te vle mete non konpayi yo sou estati a an echanj pou patisipasyon finansye yo.{{clr|left}} === Modèl estati yo === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] ==== Chwa figi ==== [[Fichye:Suez_projet_Auguste_Bartholdi.jpg|vignette| Akwarel desen Bartholdi a pou Kanal Suez la, 1869. Mize Bartholdi nan Colmar.]] === Konstriksyon estati a an Frans === * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] ghn8ivedx4nh1zi23upl0gytnownu2d 868022 868021 2025-06-01T23:46:33Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. Apre atak 11 septanm 2001 yo, aksè a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite: pyedestal la te relouvri an 2004 epi estati a an 2009, avèk yon limitasyon sou kantite vizitè ki otorize pou jwenn aksè nan kouwòn lan. Estati a (ki gen ladan pedestal la ak baz la) te fèmen pandan yon ane jiska Nan dat 28 oktob 2012, pou yo te ka enstale yon dezyèm eskalye ak lòt mezi sekirite (aksè nan zile a, poutan, aksè a te rete ouvè). Yon jou apre rewouvèti a, yo te entèdi aksè ankò akòz efè devastatè Siklòn Sandy a. Yo te relouvri aksè nan zile a ak estati a nan 4 jiyè 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/liberty-island-reopen-july-4-article-1.1293012#ixzz2O1S6vvwV|title=''Statue of Liberty, closed since Hurricane Sandy, will re-open by July 4''|website=[[nydailynews.com]]|language=en|access-date=22 mars 2014}}.</ref>. Aksè piblik sou balkon ki antoure flanbo a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite depi Nan lane 1916. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] Nan ki te 8 juin 1871, avèk lèt entwodiksyon Laboulaye te voye ba li, Bartholdi te pati pou senk mwa Ozetazini kote li te gen kontwol sit Bedloe's Island, ki te vin Liberty Island pita, epi li te eseye jwenn sipòtè. Li rankontre ak [[Prezidan Etazini|prezidan ameriken]] Ulysses S. Grant nan 18 jiyè 1871 nan Nouyòk{{Sfn|Belot|Bermond|2004}}. nan yon klib espesyal nan vil Nouyòk, li te òganize yon dine pou ranmase lajan pou Repibliken rich yo, li te revele yo pri inisyal eskilti a: {{Unité|125000|dola}} (ki ekivalan a {{Nowrap|2,5 milyon}} nan kòmansman XXI syèk la) pou mete yo sou yon wo nivo depans Ameriken yo, 125 000 pou rès estati a sou depans Fransè yo, men li te retounen an Frans san lajan, biznismann yo te vle mete non konpayi yo sou estati a an echanj pou patisipasyon finansye yo.{{clr|left}} === Modèl estati yo === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] ==== Chwa figi ==== ==== Sous enspirasyon yo ==== [[Fichye:Suez_projet_Auguste_Bartholdi.jpg|vignette| Akwarel desen Bartholdi a pou Kanal Suez la, 1869. Mize Bartholdi nan Colmar.]] === Konstriksyon estati a an Frans === * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] phckdh17jswrsbl0pspwyhogyf81qog 868023 868022 2025-06-01T23:52:33Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. Apre atak 11 septanm 2001 yo, aksè a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite: pyedestal la te relouvri an 2004 epi estati a an 2009, avèk yon limitasyon sou kantite vizitè ki otorize pou jwenn aksè nan kouwòn lan. Estati a (ki gen ladan pedestal la ak baz la) te fèmen pandan yon ane jiska Nan dat 28 oktob 2012, pou yo te ka enstale yon dezyèm eskalye ak lòt mezi sekirite (aksè nan zile a, poutan, aksè a te rete ouvè). Yon jou apre rewouvèti a, yo te entèdi aksè ankò akòz efè devastatè Siklòn Sandy a. Yo te relouvri aksè nan zile a ak estati a nan 4 jiyè 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/liberty-island-reopen-july-4-article-1.1293012#ixzz2O1S6vvwV|title=''Statue of Liberty, closed since Hurricane Sandy, will re-open by July 4''|website=[[nydailynews.com]]|language=en|access-date=22 mars 2014}}.</ref>. Aksè piblik sou balkon ki antoure flanbo a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite depi Nan lane 1916. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] Nan ki te 8 juin 1871, avèk lèt entwodiksyon Laboulaye te voye ba li, Bartholdi te pati pou senk mwa Ozetazini kote li te gen kontwol sit Bedloe's Island, ki te vin Liberty Island pita, epi li te eseye jwenn sipòtè. Li rankontre ak [[Prezidan Etazini|prezidan ameriken]] Ulysses S. Grant nan 18 jiyè 1871 nan Nouyòk{{Sfn|Belot|Bermond|2004}}. nan yon klib espesyal nan vil Nouyòk, li te òganize yon dine pou ranmase lajan pou Repibliken rich yo, li te revele yo pri inisyal eskilti a: {{Unité|125000|dola}} (ki ekivalan a {{Nowrap|2,5 milyon}} nan kòmansman XXI syèk la) pou mete yo sou yon wo nivo depans Ameriken yo, 125 000 pou rès estati a sou depans Fransè yo, men li te retounen an Frans san lajan, biznismann yo te vle mete non konpayi yo sou estati a an echanj pou patisipasyon finansye yo. Estrikti a te fèt nan atelye Gustave Eiffel yo, nan Levallois-Perret, epi nan 25 rue de Chazelles nan ki chita ko li nan 17arondisman an.&amp;nbsp;katye [[Pari]], kote yo te monte pyès monnen kwiv yo. {{clr|left}} === Modèl estati yo === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] ==== Chwa figi ==== ==== Sous enspirasyon yo ==== [[Fichye:Suez_projet_Auguste_Bartholdi.jpg|vignette| Akwarel desen Bartholdi a pou Kanal Suez la, 1869. Mize Bartholdi nan Colmar.]] === Konstriksyon estati a an Frans === * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] l71adz3f12c7x6gswbyvdv5lbmk0fg0 868024 868023 2025-06-01T23:53:16Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. Apre atak 11 septanm 2001 yo, aksè a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite: pyedestal la te relouvri an 2004 epi estati a an 2009, avèk yon limitasyon sou kantite vizitè ki otorize pou jwenn aksè nan kouwòn lan. Estati a (ki gen ladan pedestal la ak baz la) te fèmen pandan yon ane jiska Nan dat 28 oktob 2012, pou yo te ka enstale yon dezyèm eskalye ak lòt mezi sekirite (aksè nan zile a, poutan, aksè a te rete ouvè). Yon jou apre rewouvèti a, yo te entèdi aksè ankò akòz efè devastatè Siklòn Sandy a. Yo te relouvri aksè nan zile a ak estati a nan 4 jiyè 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/liberty-island-reopen-july-4-article-1.1293012#ixzz2O1S6vvwV|title=''Statue of Liberty, closed since Hurricane Sandy, will re-open by July 4''|website=[[nydailynews.com]]|language=en|access-date=22 mars 2014}}.</ref>. Aksè piblik sou balkon ki antoure flanbo a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite depi Nan lane 1916. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] Nan ki te 8 juin 1871, avèk lèt entwodiksyon Laboulaye te voye ba li, Bartholdi te pati pou senk mwa Ozetazini kote li te gen kontwol sit Bedloe's Island, ki te vin Liberty Island pita, epi li te eseye jwenn sipòtè. Li rankontre ak [[Prezidan Etazini|prezidan ameriken]] Ulysses S. Grant nan 18 jiyè 1871 nan Nouyòk{{Sfn|Belot|Bermond|2004}}. nan yon klib espesyal nan vil Nouyòk, li te òganize yon dine pou ranmase lajan pou Repibliken rich yo, li te revele yo pri inisyal eskilti a: {{Unité|125000|dola}} (ki ekivalan a {{Nowrap|2,5 milyon}} nan kòmansman XXI syèk la) pou mete yo sou yon wo nivo depans Ameriken yo, 125 000 pou rès estati a sou depans Fransè yo, men li te retounen an Frans san lajan, biznismann yo te vle mete non konpayi yo sou estati a an echanj pou patisipasyon finansye yo. Estrikti a te fèt nan atelye Gustave Eiffel yo, nan Levallois-Perret, epi nan 25 rue de Chazelles nan ki chita ko li nan 17arondisman an.&amp;nbsp;katye [[Pari]], kote yo te monte pyès monnen kwiv yo. {{clr|left}} === Modèl estati yo === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] ==== Chwa figi ==== ==== Sous enspirasyon yo ==== [[Fichye:Suez_projet_Auguste_Bartholdi.jpg|vignette| Akwarel desen Bartholdi a pou Kanal Suez la, 1869. Mize Bartholdi nan Colmar.]] === Konstriksyon estati a an Frans === <gallery heights="200" perrow="4"> Fichye:RahmenStatue1885.jpg|lien=Fichier:RahmenStatue1885.jpg|alt=L'armature de la statue selon des plans de 1885.| Ankadreman estati a dapre plan ki soti nan [[1885 (almanak gregoryen)|lane 1885]] . Fichye:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-04.jpg|lien=Fichier:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-04.jpg|alt=Les ateliers à Paris| Atelye nan Pari Fichye:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-06.jpg|lien=Fichier:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-06.jpg|alt=Construction d'une des mains en présence de Bartholdi.| Konstriksyon youn nan men yo an prezans Bartholdi. Fichye:Sol_tete_atelier.png|lien=Fichier:Sol_tete_atelier.png|alt=La tête de la statue à l'atelier parisien.| Tèt estati a nan atelye parizyen an. Fichye:Statue_de_la_Liberté,_en_construction.jpg|lien=Fichier:Statue_de_la_Liberté,_en_construction.jpg|alt=La statue de la Liberté dans les ateliers Gaget-Gauthier, à Paris.| Estati Libète a nan atelye Gaget-Gauthier nan [[Pari]] . Fichye:Head_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_on_display_in_a_park_in_Paris.jpg|lien=Fichier:Head_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_on_display_in_a_park_in_Paris.jpg|alt=Tête de la statue exposée à l'Exposition de 1878 (parc du Champ-de-Mars).| Tèt estati a ki te ekspoze nan Ekspozisyon 1878 la (pak [[Channmas (Pari)|Champ-de-Mars]] ). Fichye:Leslie_Liberty.jpg|lien=Fichier:Leslie_Liberty.jpg|alt=Couverture de l'Illustrated Newspaper du 13 juin 1885.| Kouvèti ' ''ilistrasyon'' an13 juin 1885 . </gallery> * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] 51ry19cmha1t9pb81rwwj22tzqmu6rk 868025 868024 2025-06-01T23:53:36Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. Apre atak 11 septanm 2001 yo, aksè a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite: pyedestal la te relouvri an 2004 epi estati a an 2009, avèk yon limitasyon sou kantite vizitè ki otorize pou jwenn aksè nan kouwòn lan. Estati a (ki gen ladan pedestal la ak baz la) te fèmen pandan yon ane jiska Nan dat 28 oktob 2012, pou yo te ka enstale yon dezyèm eskalye ak lòt mezi sekirite (aksè nan zile a, poutan, aksè a te rete ouvè). Yon jou apre rewouvèti a, yo te entèdi aksè ankò akòz efè devastatè Siklòn Sandy a. Yo te relouvri aksè nan zile a ak estati a nan 4 jiyè 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/liberty-island-reopen-july-4-article-1.1293012#ixzz2O1S6vvwV|title=''Statue of Liberty, closed since Hurricane Sandy, will re-open by July 4''|website=[[nydailynews.com]]|language=en|access-date=22 mars 2014}}.</ref>. Aksè piblik sou balkon ki antoure flanbo a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite depi Nan lane 1916. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] Nan ki te 8 juin 1871, avèk lèt entwodiksyon Laboulaye te voye ba li, Bartholdi te pati pou senk mwa Ozetazini kote li te gen kontwol sit Bedloe's Island, ki te vin Liberty Island pita, epi li te eseye jwenn sipòtè. Li rankontre ak [[Prezidan Etazini|prezidan ameriken]] Ulysses S. Grant nan 18 jiyè 1871 nan Nouyòk{{Sfn|Belot|Bermond|2004}}. nan yon klib espesyal nan vil Nouyòk, li te òganize yon dine pou ranmase lajan pou Repibliken rich yo, li te revele yo pri inisyal eskilti a: {{Unité|125000|dola}} (ki ekivalan a {{Nowrap|2,5 milyon}} nan kòmansman XXI syèk la) pou mete yo sou yon wo nivo depans Ameriken yo, 125 000 pou rès estati a sou depans Fransè yo, men li te retounen an Frans san lajan, biznismann yo te vle mete non konpayi yo sou estati a an echanj pou patisipasyon finansye yo. Estrikti a te fèt nan atelye Gustave Eiffel yo, nan Levallois-Perret, epi nan 25 rue de Chazelles nan ki chita ko li nan 17arondisman an.&amp;nbsp;katye [[Pari]], kote yo te monte pyès monnen kwiv yo. {{clr|left}} === Modèl estati yo === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] ==== Chwa figi ==== ==== Sous enspirasyon yo ==== [[Fichye:Suez_projet_Auguste_Bartholdi.jpg|vignette| Akwarel desen Bartholdi a pou Kanal Suez la, 1869. Mize Bartholdi nan Colmar.]] <gallery> Fichye:Grand_sceau_de_la_République_Française_image001.gif|lien=Fichier:Grand_sceau_de_la_République_Française_image001.gif|alt=Grand sceau de la République Française (1848).| Gran So Repiblik Fransèz la (1848). Fichye:La_Vérité,_par_Jules_Joseph_Lefebvre.jpg|lien=Fichier:La_Vérité,_par_Jules_Joseph_Lefebvre.jpg|alt=La Vérité, Jules Lefebvre, Musée d'Orsay (1870).| ''Verite a'', Jules Lefebvre, [[Mize Orsay|Mize d'Orsay]] (1870). Fichye:Pio_fedi,_monumento_funebre_a_Giovan_Battista_Niccolini,_1883,_02_personificazione_della_libertà_della_poesia.jpg|lien=Fichier:Pio_fedi,_monumento_funebre_a_Giovan_Battista_Niccolini,_1883,_02_personificazione_della_libertà_della_poesia.jpg|alt=La Liberté de la poésie brisant ses chaînes, Pio Fedi (1883).| ''Libète Pwezi a Kase Chenn li yo'', Pio Fedi (1883). Fichye:Colosse_de_Rhodes_(Barclay).jpg|lien=Fichier:Colosse_de_Rhodes_(Barclay).jpg|alt=Représentation du colosse de Rhodes (1880).| Reprezantasyon Kolos Wòd la (1880). Fichye:Denier_Néron._Le_revers_est_très_probablement_la_seule_représentation_de_cette_statue_qui_reste_de_nos_jours.jpg|lien=Fichier:Denier_Néron._Le_revers_est_très_probablement_la_seule_représentation_de_cette_statue_qui_reste_de_nos_jours.jpg|alt=Denier de Néron au Colosse radié tenant le globe nicéphore.| Denarius Nero a ak Kolos Radye a ki kenbe glòb Nicephorus la. </gallery> === Konstriksyon estati a an Frans === <gallery heights="200" perrow="4"> Fichye:RahmenStatue1885.jpg|lien=Fichier:RahmenStatue1885.jpg|alt=L'armature de la statue selon des plans de 1885.| Ankadreman estati a dapre plan ki soti nan [[1885 (almanak gregoryen)|lane 1885]] . Fichye:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-04.jpg|lien=Fichier:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-04.jpg|alt=Les ateliers à Paris| Atelye nan Pari Fichye:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-06.jpg|lien=Fichier:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-06.jpg|alt=Construction d'une des mains en présence de Bartholdi.| Konstriksyon youn nan men yo an prezans Bartholdi. Fichye:Sol_tete_atelier.png|lien=Fichier:Sol_tete_atelier.png|alt=La tête de la statue à l'atelier parisien.| Tèt estati a nan atelye parizyen an. Fichye:Statue_de_la_Liberté,_en_construction.jpg|lien=Fichier:Statue_de_la_Liberté,_en_construction.jpg|alt=La statue de la Liberté dans les ateliers Gaget-Gauthier, à Paris.| Estati Libète a nan atelye Gaget-Gauthier nan [[Pari]] . Fichye:Head_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_on_display_in_a_park_in_Paris.jpg|lien=Fichier:Head_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_on_display_in_a_park_in_Paris.jpg|alt=Tête de la statue exposée à l'Exposition de 1878 (parc du Champ-de-Mars).| Tèt estati a ki te ekspoze nan Ekspozisyon 1878 la (pak [[Channmas (Pari)|Champ-de-Mars]] ). Fichye:Leslie_Liberty.jpg|lien=Fichier:Leslie_Liberty.jpg|alt=Couverture de l'Illustrated Newspaper du 13 juin 1885.| Kouvèti ' ''ilistrasyon'' an13 juin 1885 . </gallery> * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] n27i9e3xtkpjjwcbf8t89vael82nfu9 868026 868025 2025-06-01T23:54:48Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. Apre atak 11 septanm 2001 yo, aksè a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite: pyedestal la te relouvri an 2004 epi estati a an 2009, avèk yon limitasyon sou kantite vizitè ki otorize pou jwenn aksè nan kouwòn lan. Estati a (ki gen ladan pedestal la ak baz la) te fèmen pandan yon ane jiska Nan dat 28 oktob 2012, pou yo te ka enstale yon dezyèm eskalye ak lòt mezi sekirite (aksè nan zile a, poutan, aksè a te rete ouvè). Yon jou apre rewouvèti a, yo te entèdi aksè ankò akòz efè devastatè Siklòn Sandy a. Yo te relouvri aksè nan zile a ak estati a nan 4 jiyè 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/liberty-island-reopen-july-4-article-1.1293012#ixzz2O1S6vvwV|title=''Statue of Liberty, closed since Hurricane Sandy, will re-open by July 4''|website=[[nydailynews.com]]|language=en|access-date=22 mars 2014}}.</ref>. Aksè piblik sou balkon ki antoure flanbo a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite depi Nan lane 1916. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] Nan ki te 8 juin 1871, avèk lèt entwodiksyon Laboulaye te voye ba li, Bartholdi te pati pou senk mwa Ozetazini kote li te gen kontwol sit Bedloe's Island, ki te vin Liberty Island pita, epi li te eseye jwenn sipòtè. Li rankontre ak [[Prezidan Etazini|prezidan ameriken]] Ulysses S. Grant nan 18 jiyè 1871 nan Nouyòk{{Sfn|Belot|Bermond|2004}}. nan yon klib espesyal nan vil Nouyòk, li te òganize yon dine pou ranmase lajan pou Repibliken rich yo, li te revele yo pri inisyal eskilti a: {{Unité|125000|dola}} (ki ekivalan a {{Nowrap|2,5 milyon}} nan kòmansman XXI syèk la) pou mete yo sou yon wo nivo depans Ameriken yo, 125 000 pou rès estati a sou depans Fransè yo, men li te retounen an Frans san lajan, biznismann yo te vle mete non konpayi yo sou estati a an echanj pou patisipasyon finansye yo. Estrikti a te fèt nan atelye Gustave Eiffel yo, nan Levallois-Perret, epi nan 25 rue de Chazelles nan ki chita ko li nan 17arondisman an.&amp;nbsp;katye [[Pari]], kote yo te monte pyès monnen kwiv yo. {{clr|left}} === Modèl estati yo === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] ==== Chwa figi ==== ==== Sous enspirasyon yo ==== [[Fichye:Suez_projet_Auguste_Bartholdi.jpg|vignette| Akwarel desen Bartholdi a pou Kanal Suez la, 1869. Mize Bartholdi nan Colmar.]] <gallery> Fichye:Grand_sceau_de_la_République_Française_image001.gif|lien=Fichier:Grand_sceau_de_la_République_Française_image001.gif|alt=Grand sceau de la République Française (1848).| Gran So Repiblik Fransèz la (1848). Fichye:La_Vérité,_par_Jules_Joseph_Lefebvre.jpg|lien=Fichier:La_Vérité,_par_Jules_Joseph_Lefebvre.jpg|alt=La Vérité, Jules Lefebvre, Musée d'Orsay (1870).| ''Verite a'', Jules Lefebvre, [[Mize Orsay|Mize d'Orsay]] (1870). Fichye:Pio_fedi,_monumento_funebre_a_Giovan_Battista_Niccolini,_1883,_02_personificazione_della_libertà_della_poesia.jpg|lien=Fichier:Pio_fedi,_monumento_funebre_a_Giovan_Battista_Niccolini,_1883,_02_personificazione_della_libertà_della_poesia.jpg|alt=La Liberté de la poésie brisant ses chaînes, Pio Fedi (1883).| ''Libète Pwezi a Kase Chenn li yo'', Pio Fedi (1883). Fichye:Colosse_de_Rhodes_(Barclay).jpg|lien=Fichier:Colosse_de_Rhodes_(Barclay).jpg|alt=Représentation du colosse de Rhodes (1880).| Reprezantasyon Kolos Wòd la (1880). Fichye:Denier_Néron._Le_revers_est_très_probablement_la_seule_représentation_de_cette_statue_qui_reste_de_nos_jours.jpg|lien=Fichier:Denier_Néron._Le_revers_est_très_probablement_la_seule_représentation_de_cette_statue_qui_reste_de_nos_jours.jpg|alt=Denier de Néron au Colosse radié tenant le globe nicéphore.| Denarius Nero a ak Kolos Radye a ki kenbe glòb Nicephorus la. </gallery> === Konstriksyon estati a an Frans === <gallery heights="200" perrow="4"> Fichye:RahmenStatue1885.jpg|lien=Fichier:RahmenStatue1885.jpg|alt=L'armature de la statue selon des plans de 1885.| Ankadreman estati a dapre plan ki soti nan [[1885 (almanak gregoryen)|lane 1885]] . Fichye:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-04.jpg|lien=Fichier:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-04.jpg|alt=Les ateliers à Paris| Atelye nan Pari Fichye:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-06.jpg|lien=Fichier:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-06.jpg|alt=Construction d'une des mains en présence de Bartholdi.| Konstriksyon youn nan men yo an prezans Bartholdi. Fichye:Sol_tete_atelier.png|lien=Fichier:Sol_tete_atelier.png|alt=La tête de la statue à l'atelier parisien.| Tèt estati a nan atelye parizyen an. Fichye:Statue_de_la_Liberté,_en_construction.jpg|lien=Fichier:Statue_de_la_Liberté,_en_construction.jpg|alt=La statue de la Liberté dans les ateliers Gaget-Gauthier, à Paris.| Estati Libète a nan atelye Gaget-Gauthier nan [[Pari]] . Fichye:Head_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_on_display_in_a_park_in_Paris.jpg|lien=Fichier:Head_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_on_display_in_a_park_in_Paris.jpg|alt=Tête de la statue exposée à l'Exposition de 1878 (parc du Champ-de-Mars).| Tèt estati a ki te ekspoze nan Ekspozisyon 1878 la (pak [[Channmas (Pari)|Champ-de-Mars]] ). Fichye:Leslie_Liberty.jpg|lien=Fichier:Leslie_Liberty.jpg|alt=Couverture de l'Illustrated Newspaper du 13 juin 1885.| Kouvèti ' ''ilistrasyon'' an13 juin 1885 . </gallery> [[Fichye:U.S._Patent_D11023.jpeg|vignette| Patant/ otorizasyon estati a, Bartholdi te jwenn nan [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|lane 1879]].]] * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] f5yn8ma9jzmx51ih2of6x3dy33ignjc 868027 868026 2025-06-01T23:56:11Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. Apre atak 11 septanm 2001 yo, aksè a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite: pyedestal la te relouvri an 2004 epi estati a an 2009, avèk yon limitasyon sou kantite vizitè ki otorize pou jwenn aksè nan kouwòn lan. Estati a (ki gen ladan pedestal la ak baz la) te fèmen pandan yon ane jiska Nan dat 28 oktob 2012, pou yo te ka enstale yon dezyèm eskalye ak lòt mezi sekirite (aksè nan zile a, poutan, aksè a te rete ouvè). Yon jou apre rewouvèti a, yo te entèdi aksè ankò akòz efè devastatè Siklòn Sandy a. Yo te relouvri aksè nan zile a ak estati a nan 4 jiyè 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/liberty-island-reopen-july-4-article-1.1293012#ixzz2O1S6vvwV|title=''Statue of Liberty, closed since Hurricane Sandy, will re-open by July 4''|website=[[nydailynews.com]]|language=en|access-date=22 mars 2014}}.</ref>. Aksè piblik sou balkon ki antoure flanbo a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite depi Nan lane 1916. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] Nan ki te 8 juin 1871, avèk lèt entwodiksyon Laboulaye te voye ba li, Bartholdi te pati pou senk mwa Ozetazini kote li te gen kontwol sit Bedloe's Island, ki te vin Liberty Island pita, epi li te eseye jwenn sipòtè. Li rankontre ak [[Prezidan Etazini|prezidan ameriken]] Ulysses S. Grant nan 18 jiyè 1871 nan Nouyòk{{Sfn|Belot|Bermond|2004}}. nan yon klib espesyal nan vil Nouyòk, li te òganize yon dine pou ranmase lajan pou Repibliken rich yo, li te revele yo pri inisyal eskilti a: {{Unité|125000|dola}} (ki ekivalan a {{Nowrap|2,5 milyon}} nan kòmansman XXI syèk la) pou mete yo sou yon wo nivo depans Ameriken yo, 125 000 pou rès estati a sou depans Fransè yo, men li te retounen an Frans san lajan, biznismann yo te vle mete non konpayi yo sou estati a an echanj pou patisipasyon finansye yo. Estrikti a te fèt nan atelye Gustave Eiffel yo, nan Levallois-Perret, epi nan 25 rue de Chazelles nan ki chita ko li nan 17arondisman an.&amp;nbsp;katye [[Pari]], kote yo te monte pyès monnen kwiv yo. {{clr|left}} === Modèl estati yo === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] ==== Chwa figi ==== ==== Sous enspirasyon yo ==== [[Fichye:Suez_projet_Auguste_Bartholdi.jpg|vignette| Akwarel desen Bartholdi a pou Kanal Suez la, 1869. Mize Bartholdi nan Colmar.]] <gallery> Fichye:Grand_sceau_de_la_République_Française_image001.gif|lien=Fichier:Grand_sceau_de_la_République_Française_image001.gif|alt=Grand sceau de la République Française (1848).| Gran So Repiblik Fransèz la (1848). Fichye:La_Vérité,_par_Jules_Joseph_Lefebvre.jpg|lien=Fichier:La_Vérité,_par_Jules_Joseph_Lefebvre.jpg|alt=La Vérité, Jules Lefebvre, Musée d'Orsay (1870).| ''Verite a'', Jules Lefebvre, [[Mize Orsay|Mize d'Orsay]] (1870). Fichye:Pio_fedi,_monumento_funebre_a_Giovan_Battista_Niccolini,_1883,_02_personificazione_della_libertà_della_poesia.jpg|lien=Fichier:Pio_fedi,_monumento_funebre_a_Giovan_Battista_Niccolini,_1883,_02_personificazione_della_libertà_della_poesia.jpg|alt=La Liberté de la poésie brisant ses chaînes, Pio Fedi (1883).| ''Libète Pwezi a Kase Chenn li yo'', Pio Fedi (1883). Fichye:Colosse_de_Rhodes_(Barclay).jpg|lien=Fichier:Colosse_de_Rhodes_(Barclay).jpg|alt=Représentation du colosse de Rhodes (1880).| Reprezantasyon Kolos Wòd la (1880). Fichye:Denier_Néron._Le_revers_est_très_probablement_la_seule_représentation_de_cette_statue_qui_reste_de_nos_jours.jpg|lien=Fichier:Denier_Néron._Le_revers_est_très_probablement_la_seule_représentation_de_cette_statue_qui_reste_de_nos_jours.jpg|alt=Denier de Néron au Colosse radié tenant le globe nicéphore.| Denarius Nero a ak Kolos Radye a ki kenbe glòb Nicephorus la. </gallery> === Konstriksyon estati a an Frans === <gallery heights="200" perrow="4"> Fichye:RahmenStatue1885.jpg|lien=Fichier:RahmenStatue1885.jpg|alt=L'armature de la statue selon des plans de 1885.| Ankadreman estati a dapre plan ki soti nan [[1885 (almanak gregoryen)|lane 1885]] . Fichye:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-04.jpg|lien=Fichier:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-04.jpg|alt=Les ateliers à Paris| Atelye nan Pari Fichye:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-06.jpg|lien=Fichier:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-06.jpg|alt=Construction d'une des mains en présence de Bartholdi.| Konstriksyon youn nan men yo an prezans Bartholdi. Fichye:Sol_tete_atelier.png|lien=Fichier:Sol_tete_atelier.png|alt=La tête de la statue à l'atelier parisien.| Tèt estati a nan atelye parizyen an. Fichye:Statue_de_la_Liberté,_en_construction.jpg|lien=Fichier:Statue_de_la_Liberté,_en_construction.jpg|alt=La statue de la Liberté dans les ateliers Gaget-Gauthier, à Paris.| Estati Libète a nan atelye Gaget-Gauthier nan [[Pari]] . Fichye:Head_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_on_display_in_a_park_in_Paris.jpg|lien=Fichier:Head_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_on_display_in_a_park_in_Paris.jpg|alt=Tête de la statue exposée à l'Exposition de 1878 (parc du Champ-de-Mars).| Tèt estati a ki te ekspoze nan Ekspozisyon 1878 la (pak [[Channmas (Pari)|Champ-de-Mars]] ). Fichye:Leslie_Liberty.jpg|lien=Fichier:Leslie_Liberty.jpg|alt=Couverture de l'Illustrated Newspaper du 13 juin 1885.| Kouvèti ' ''ilistrasyon'' an13 juin 1885 . </gallery> [[Fichye:U.S._Patent_D11023.jpeg|vignette| Patant/ otorizasyon estati a, Bartholdi te jwenn nan [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|lane 1879]].]] Nan dat ki te 18 fevriye 1879, Bartholdi te jwenn yon patant pou estati li a, patant D11,023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/USD11023S/|title=Design for a statue|last=Auguste Bartholdi|date=18 février 1879|website=patents.google.com|language=en|access-date=17 décembre 2019}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.s9.com/Biography/Bartholdi-Frederic-Auguste|title=Bartholdi-Frederic, Auguste|last=s9.com Biography|year=2006|language=en|dead-url=2023-12-03|access-date=12 mai 2007}}.</ref>. * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] i4l0tyd7xibfjucwv0g2wwpm2a28uel 868028 868027 2025-06-01T23:56:59Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. Apre atak 11 septanm 2001 yo, aksè a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite: pyedestal la te relouvri an 2004 epi estati a an 2009, avèk yon limitasyon sou kantite vizitè ki otorize pou jwenn aksè nan kouwòn lan. Estati a (ki gen ladan pedestal la ak baz la) te fèmen pandan yon ane jiska Nan dat 28 oktob 2012, pou yo te ka enstale yon dezyèm eskalye ak lòt mezi sekirite (aksè nan zile a, poutan, aksè a te rete ouvè). Yon jou apre rewouvèti a, yo te entèdi aksè ankò akòz efè devastatè Siklòn Sandy a. Yo te relouvri aksè nan zile a ak estati a nan 4 jiyè 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/liberty-island-reopen-july-4-article-1.1293012#ixzz2O1S6vvwV|title=''Statue of Liberty, closed since Hurricane Sandy, will re-open by July 4''|website=[[nydailynews.com]]|language=en|access-date=22 mars 2014}}.</ref>. Aksè piblik sou balkon ki antoure flanbo a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite depi Nan lane 1916. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] Nan ki te 8 juin 1871, avèk lèt entwodiksyon Laboulaye te voye ba li, Bartholdi te pati pou senk mwa Ozetazini kote li te gen kontwol sit Bedloe's Island, ki te vin Liberty Island pita, epi li te eseye jwenn sipòtè. Li rankontre ak [[Prezidan Etazini|prezidan ameriken]] Ulysses S. Grant nan 18 jiyè 1871 nan Nouyòk{{Sfn|Belot|Bermond|2004}}. nan yon klib espesyal nan vil Nouyòk, li te òganize yon dine pou ranmase lajan pou Repibliken rich yo, li te revele yo pri inisyal eskilti a: {{Unité|125000|dola}} (ki ekivalan a {{Nowrap|2,5 milyon}} nan kòmansman XXI syèk la) pou mete yo sou yon wo nivo depans Ameriken yo, 125 000 pou rès estati a sou depans Fransè yo, men li te retounen an Frans san lajan, biznismann yo te vle mete non konpayi yo sou estati a an echanj pou patisipasyon finansye yo. Estrikti a te fèt nan atelye Gustave Eiffel yo, nan Levallois-Perret, epi nan 25 rue de Chazelles nan ki chita ko li nan 17arondisman an.&amp;nbsp;katye [[Pari]], kote yo te monte pyès monnen kwiv yo. {{clr|left}} === Modèl estati yo === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] ==== Chwa figi ==== ==== Sous enspirasyon yo ==== [[Fichye:Suez_projet_Auguste_Bartholdi.jpg|vignette| Akwarel desen Bartholdi a pou Kanal Suez la, 1869. Mize Bartholdi nan Colmar.]] <gallery> Fichye:Grand_sceau_de_la_République_Française_image001.gif|lien=Fichier:Grand_sceau_de_la_République_Française_image001.gif|alt=Grand sceau de la République Française (1848).| Gran So Repiblik Fransèz la (1848). Fichye:La_Vérité,_par_Jules_Joseph_Lefebvre.jpg|lien=Fichier:La_Vérité,_par_Jules_Joseph_Lefebvre.jpg|alt=La Vérité, Jules Lefebvre, Musée d'Orsay (1870).| ''Verite a'', Jules Lefebvre, [[Mize Orsay|Mize d'Orsay]] (1870). Fichye:Pio_fedi,_monumento_funebre_a_Giovan_Battista_Niccolini,_1883,_02_personificazione_della_libertà_della_poesia.jpg|lien=Fichier:Pio_fedi,_monumento_funebre_a_Giovan_Battista_Niccolini,_1883,_02_personificazione_della_libertà_della_poesia.jpg|alt=La Liberté de la poésie brisant ses chaînes, Pio Fedi (1883).| ''Libète Pwezi a Kase Chenn li yo'', Pio Fedi (1883). Fichye:Colosse_de_Rhodes_(Barclay).jpg|lien=Fichier:Colosse_de_Rhodes_(Barclay).jpg|alt=Représentation du colosse de Rhodes (1880).| Reprezantasyon Kolos Wòd la (1880). Fichye:Denier_Néron._Le_revers_est_très_probablement_la_seule_représentation_de_cette_statue_qui_reste_de_nos_jours.jpg|lien=Fichier:Denier_Néron._Le_revers_est_très_probablement_la_seule_représentation_de_cette_statue_qui_reste_de_nos_jours.jpg|alt=Denier de Néron au Colosse radié tenant le globe nicéphore.| Denarius Nero a ak Kolos Radye a ki kenbe glòb Nicephorus la. </gallery> === Konstriksyon estati a an Frans === <gallery heights="200" perrow="4"> Fichye:RahmenStatue1885.jpg|lien=Fichier:RahmenStatue1885.jpg|alt=L'armature de la statue selon des plans de 1885.| Ankadreman estati a dapre plan ki soti nan [[1885 (almanak gregoryen)|lane 1885]] . Fichye:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-04.jpg|lien=Fichier:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-04.jpg|alt=Les ateliers à Paris| Atelye nan Pari Fichye:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-06.jpg|lien=Fichier:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-06.jpg|alt=Construction d'une des mains en présence de Bartholdi.| Konstriksyon youn nan men yo an prezans Bartholdi. Fichye:Sol_tete_atelier.png|lien=Fichier:Sol_tete_atelier.png|alt=La tête de la statue à l'atelier parisien.| Tèt estati a nan atelye parizyen an. Fichye:Statue_de_la_Liberté,_en_construction.jpg|lien=Fichier:Statue_de_la_Liberté,_en_construction.jpg|alt=La statue de la Liberté dans les ateliers Gaget-Gauthier, à Paris.| Estati Libète a nan atelye Gaget-Gauthier nan [[Pari]] . Fichye:Head_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_on_display_in_a_park_in_Paris.jpg|lien=Fichier:Head_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_on_display_in_a_park_in_Paris.jpg|alt=Tête de la statue exposée à l'Exposition de 1878 (parc du Champ-de-Mars).| Tèt estati a ki te ekspoze nan Ekspozisyon 1878 la (pak [[Channmas (Pari)|Champ-de-Mars]] ). Fichye:Leslie_Liberty.jpg|lien=Fichier:Leslie_Liberty.jpg|alt=Couverture de l'Illustrated Newspaper du 13 juin 1885.| Kouvèti ' ''ilistrasyon'' an13 juin 1885 . </gallery> [[Fichye:U.S._Patent_D11023.jpeg|vignette| Patant/ otorizasyon estati a, Bartholdi te jwenn nan [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|lane 1879]].]] Nan dat ki te 18 fevriye 1879, Bartholdi te jwenn yon patant pou estati li a, patant D11,023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/USD11023S/|title=Design for a statue|last=Auguste Bartholdi|date=18 février 1879|website=patents.google.com|language=en|access-date=17 décembre 2019}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.s9.com/Biography/Bartholdi-Frederic-Auguste|title=Bartholdi-Frederic, Auguste|last=s9.com Biography|year=2006|language=en|dead-url=2023-12-03|access-date=12 mai 2007}}.</ref>. [[Fichye:New_York_-_Bedloe's_Island_through_George_Washington_Bridge_-_NARA_-_68146011.jpg|gauche|vignette| ''Zile Bedloe la'' nan lane 1917]] * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] qq26pb0c4gc1mtnka92g4yuaincwai2 868029 868028 2025-06-01T23:57:23Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. Apre atak 11 septanm 2001 yo, aksè a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite: pyedestal la te relouvri an 2004 epi estati a an 2009, avèk yon limitasyon sou kantite vizitè ki otorize pou jwenn aksè nan kouwòn lan. Estati a (ki gen ladan pedestal la ak baz la) te fèmen pandan yon ane jiska Nan dat 28 oktob 2012, pou yo te ka enstale yon dezyèm eskalye ak lòt mezi sekirite (aksè nan zile a, poutan, aksè a te rete ouvè). Yon jou apre rewouvèti a, yo te entèdi aksè ankò akòz efè devastatè Siklòn Sandy a. Yo te relouvri aksè nan zile a ak estati a nan 4 jiyè 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/liberty-island-reopen-july-4-article-1.1293012#ixzz2O1S6vvwV|title=''Statue of Liberty, closed since Hurricane Sandy, will re-open by July 4''|website=[[nydailynews.com]]|language=en|access-date=22 mars 2014}}.</ref>. Aksè piblik sou balkon ki antoure flanbo a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite depi Nan lane 1916. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] Nan ki te 8 juin 1871, avèk lèt entwodiksyon Laboulaye te voye ba li, Bartholdi te pati pou senk mwa Ozetazini kote li te gen kontwol sit Bedloe's Island, ki te vin Liberty Island pita, epi li te eseye jwenn sipòtè. Li rankontre ak [[Prezidan Etazini|prezidan ameriken]] Ulysses S. Grant nan 18 jiyè 1871 nan Nouyòk{{Sfn|Belot|Bermond|2004}}. nan yon klib espesyal nan vil Nouyòk, li te òganize yon dine pou ranmase lajan pou Repibliken rich yo, li te revele yo pri inisyal eskilti a: {{Unité|125000|dola}} (ki ekivalan a {{Nowrap|2,5 milyon}} nan kòmansman XXI syèk la) pou mete yo sou yon wo nivo depans Ameriken yo, 125 000 pou rès estati a sou depans Fransè yo, men li te retounen an Frans san lajan, biznismann yo te vle mete non konpayi yo sou estati a an echanj pou patisipasyon finansye yo. Estrikti a te fèt nan atelye Gustave Eiffel yo, nan Levallois-Perret, epi nan 25 rue de Chazelles nan ki chita ko li nan 17arondisman an.&amp;nbsp;katye [[Pari]], kote yo te monte pyès monnen kwiv yo. {{clr|left}} === Modèl estati yo === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] ==== Chwa figi ==== ==== Sous enspirasyon yo ==== [[Fichye:Suez_projet_Auguste_Bartholdi.jpg|vignette| Akwarel desen Bartholdi a pou Kanal Suez la, 1869. Mize Bartholdi nan Colmar.]] <gallery> Fichye:Grand_sceau_de_la_République_Française_image001.gif|lien=Fichier:Grand_sceau_de_la_République_Française_image001.gif|alt=Grand sceau de la République Française (1848).| Gran So Repiblik Fransèz la (1848). Fichye:La_Vérité,_par_Jules_Joseph_Lefebvre.jpg|lien=Fichier:La_Vérité,_par_Jules_Joseph_Lefebvre.jpg|alt=La Vérité, Jules Lefebvre, Musée d'Orsay (1870).| ''Verite a'', Jules Lefebvre, [[Mize Orsay|Mize d'Orsay]] (1870). Fichye:Pio_fedi,_monumento_funebre_a_Giovan_Battista_Niccolini,_1883,_02_personificazione_della_libertà_della_poesia.jpg|lien=Fichier:Pio_fedi,_monumento_funebre_a_Giovan_Battista_Niccolini,_1883,_02_personificazione_della_libertà_della_poesia.jpg|alt=La Liberté de la poésie brisant ses chaînes, Pio Fedi (1883).| ''Libète Pwezi a Kase Chenn li yo'', Pio Fedi (1883). Fichye:Colosse_de_Rhodes_(Barclay).jpg|lien=Fichier:Colosse_de_Rhodes_(Barclay).jpg|alt=Représentation du colosse de Rhodes (1880).| Reprezantasyon Kolos Wòd la (1880). Fichye:Denier_Néron._Le_revers_est_très_probablement_la_seule_représentation_de_cette_statue_qui_reste_de_nos_jours.jpg|lien=Fichier:Denier_Néron._Le_revers_est_très_probablement_la_seule_représentation_de_cette_statue_qui_reste_de_nos_jours.jpg|alt=Denier de Néron au Colosse radié tenant le globe nicéphore.| Denarius Nero a ak Kolos Radye a ki kenbe glòb Nicephorus la. </gallery> === Konstriksyon estati a an Frans === <gallery heights="200" perrow="4"> Fichye:RahmenStatue1885.jpg|lien=Fichier:RahmenStatue1885.jpg|alt=L'armature de la statue selon des plans de 1885.| Ankadreman estati a dapre plan ki soti nan [[1885 (almanak gregoryen)|lane 1885]] . Fichye:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-04.jpg|lien=Fichier:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-04.jpg|alt=Les ateliers à Paris| Atelye nan Pari Fichye:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-06.jpg|lien=Fichier:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-06.jpg|alt=Construction d'une des mains en présence de Bartholdi.| Konstriksyon youn nan men yo an prezans Bartholdi. Fichye:Sol_tete_atelier.png|lien=Fichier:Sol_tete_atelier.png|alt=La tête de la statue à l'atelier parisien.| Tèt estati a nan atelye parizyen an. Fichye:Statue_de_la_Liberté,_en_construction.jpg|lien=Fichier:Statue_de_la_Liberté,_en_construction.jpg|alt=La statue de la Liberté dans les ateliers Gaget-Gauthier, à Paris.| Estati Libète a nan atelye Gaget-Gauthier nan [[Pari]] . Fichye:Head_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_on_display_in_a_park_in_Paris.jpg|lien=Fichier:Head_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_on_display_in_a_park_in_Paris.jpg|alt=Tête de la statue exposée à l'Exposition de 1878 (parc du Champ-de-Mars).| Tèt estati a ki te ekspoze nan Ekspozisyon 1878 la (pak [[Channmas (Pari)|Champ-de-Mars]] ). Fichye:Leslie_Liberty.jpg|lien=Fichier:Leslie_Liberty.jpg|alt=Couverture de l'Illustrated Newspaper du 13 juin 1885.| Kouvèti ' ''ilistrasyon'' an13 juin 1885 . </gallery> [[Fichye:U.S._Patent_D11023.jpeg|vignette| Patant/ otorizasyon estati a, Bartholdi te jwenn nan [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|lane 1879]].]] Nan dat ki te 18 fevriye 1879, Bartholdi te jwenn yon patant pou estati li a, patant D11,023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/USD11023S/|title=Design for a statue|last=Auguste Bartholdi|date=18 février 1879|website=patents.google.com|language=en|access-date=17 décembre 2019}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.s9.com/Biography/Bartholdi-Frederic-Auguste|title=Bartholdi-Frederic, Auguste|last=s9.com Biography|year=2006|language=en|dead-url=2023-12-03|access-date=12 mai 2007}}.</ref>. [[Fichye:Liberty_Island_-_NYC_-_Usa2011.jpg|alt=|vignette| Zile Libète an 2011]] [[Fichye:New_York_-_Bedloe's_Island_through_George_Washington_Bridge_-_NARA_-_68146011.jpg|gauche|vignette| ''Zile Bedloe la'' nan lane 1917]] * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] tnhi0himdfdibs4d8mcw83xcesprv4s 868030 868029 2025-06-01T23:57:58Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. Apre atak 11 septanm 2001 yo, aksè a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite: pyedestal la te relouvri an 2004 epi estati a an 2009, avèk yon limitasyon sou kantite vizitè ki otorize pou jwenn aksè nan kouwòn lan. Estati a (ki gen ladan pedestal la ak baz la) te fèmen pandan yon ane jiska Nan dat 28 oktob 2012, pou yo te ka enstale yon dezyèm eskalye ak lòt mezi sekirite (aksè nan zile a, poutan, aksè a te rete ouvè). Yon jou apre rewouvèti a, yo te entèdi aksè ankò akòz efè devastatè Siklòn Sandy a. Yo te relouvri aksè nan zile a ak estati a nan 4 jiyè 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/liberty-island-reopen-july-4-article-1.1293012#ixzz2O1S6vvwV|title=''Statue of Liberty, closed since Hurricane Sandy, will re-open by July 4''|website=[[nydailynews.com]]|language=en|access-date=22 mars 2014}}.</ref>. Aksè piblik sou balkon ki antoure flanbo a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite depi Nan lane 1916. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] Nan ki te 8 juin 1871, avèk lèt entwodiksyon Laboulaye te voye ba li, Bartholdi te pati pou senk mwa Ozetazini kote li te gen kontwol sit Bedloe's Island, ki te vin Liberty Island pita, epi li te eseye jwenn sipòtè. Li rankontre ak [[Prezidan Etazini|prezidan ameriken]] Ulysses S. Grant nan 18 jiyè 1871 nan Nouyòk{{Sfn|Belot|Bermond|2004}}. nan yon klib espesyal nan vil Nouyòk, li te òganize yon dine pou ranmase lajan pou Repibliken rich yo, li te revele yo pri inisyal eskilti a: {{Unité|125000|dola}} (ki ekivalan a {{Nowrap|2,5 milyon}} nan kòmansman XXI syèk la) pou mete yo sou yon wo nivo depans Ameriken yo, 125 000 pou rès estati a sou depans Fransè yo, men li te retounen an Frans san lajan, biznismann yo te vle mete non konpayi yo sou estati a an echanj pou patisipasyon finansye yo. Estrikti a te fèt nan atelye Gustave Eiffel yo, nan Levallois-Perret, epi nan 25 rue de Chazelles nan ki chita ko li nan 17arondisman an.&amp;nbsp;katye [[Pari]], kote yo te monte pyès monnen kwiv yo. {{clr|left}} === Modèl estati yo === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] ==== Chwa figi ==== ==== Sous enspirasyon yo ==== [[Fichye:Suez_projet_Auguste_Bartholdi.jpg|vignette| Akwarel desen Bartholdi a pou Kanal Suez la, 1869. Mize Bartholdi nan Colmar.]] <gallery> Fichye:Grand_sceau_de_la_République_Française_image001.gif|lien=Fichier:Grand_sceau_de_la_République_Française_image001.gif|alt=Grand sceau de la République Française (1848).| Gran So Repiblik Fransèz la (1848). Fichye:La_Vérité,_par_Jules_Joseph_Lefebvre.jpg|lien=Fichier:La_Vérité,_par_Jules_Joseph_Lefebvre.jpg|alt=La Vérité, Jules Lefebvre, Musée d'Orsay (1870).| ''Verite a'', Jules Lefebvre, [[Mize Orsay|Mize d'Orsay]] (1870). Fichye:Pio_fedi,_monumento_funebre_a_Giovan_Battista_Niccolini,_1883,_02_personificazione_della_libertà_della_poesia.jpg|lien=Fichier:Pio_fedi,_monumento_funebre_a_Giovan_Battista_Niccolini,_1883,_02_personificazione_della_libertà_della_poesia.jpg|alt=La Liberté de la poésie brisant ses chaînes, Pio Fedi (1883).| ''Libète Pwezi a Kase Chenn li yo'', Pio Fedi (1883). Fichye:Colosse_de_Rhodes_(Barclay).jpg|lien=Fichier:Colosse_de_Rhodes_(Barclay).jpg|alt=Représentation du colosse de Rhodes (1880).| Reprezantasyon Kolos Wòd la (1880). Fichye:Denier_Néron._Le_revers_est_très_probablement_la_seule_représentation_de_cette_statue_qui_reste_de_nos_jours.jpg|lien=Fichier:Denier_Néron._Le_revers_est_très_probablement_la_seule_représentation_de_cette_statue_qui_reste_de_nos_jours.jpg|alt=Denier de Néron au Colosse radié tenant le globe nicéphore.| Denarius Nero a ak Kolos Radye a ki kenbe glòb Nicephorus la. </gallery> === Konstriksyon estati a an Frans === <gallery heights="200" perrow="4"> Fichye:RahmenStatue1885.jpg|lien=Fichier:RahmenStatue1885.jpg|alt=L'armature de la statue selon des plans de 1885.| Ankadreman estati a dapre plan ki soti nan [[1885 (almanak gregoryen)|lane 1885]] . Fichye:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-04.jpg|lien=Fichier:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-04.jpg|alt=Les ateliers à Paris| Atelye nan Pari Fichye:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-06.jpg|lien=Fichier:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-06.jpg|alt=Construction d'une des mains en présence de Bartholdi.| Konstriksyon youn nan men yo an prezans Bartholdi. Fichye:Sol_tete_atelier.png|lien=Fichier:Sol_tete_atelier.png|alt=La tête de la statue à l'atelier parisien.| Tèt estati a nan atelye parizyen an. Fichye:Statue_de_la_Liberté,_en_construction.jpg|lien=Fichier:Statue_de_la_Liberté,_en_construction.jpg|alt=La statue de la Liberté dans les ateliers Gaget-Gauthier, à Paris.| Estati Libète a nan atelye Gaget-Gauthier nan [[Pari]] . Fichye:Head_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_on_display_in_a_park_in_Paris.jpg|lien=Fichier:Head_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_on_display_in_a_park_in_Paris.jpg|alt=Tête de la statue exposée à l'Exposition de 1878 (parc du Champ-de-Mars).| Tèt estati a ki te ekspoze nan Ekspozisyon 1878 la (pak [[Channmas (Pari)|Champ-de-Mars]] ). Fichye:Leslie_Liberty.jpg|lien=Fichier:Leslie_Liberty.jpg|alt=Couverture de l'Illustrated Newspaper du 13 juin 1885.| Kouvèti ' ''ilistrasyon'' an13 juin 1885 . </gallery> === Patant lan === [[Fichye:U.S._Patent_D11023.jpeg|vignette| Patant/ otorizasyon estati a, Bartholdi te jwenn nan [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|lane 1879]].]] Nan dat ki te 18 fevriye 1879, Bartholdi te jwenn yon patant pou estati li a, patant D11,023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/USD11023S/|title=Design for a statue|last=Auguste Bartholdi|date=18 février 1879|website=patents.google.com|language=en|access-date=17 décembre 2019}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.s9.com/Biography/Bartholdi-Frederic-Auguste|title=Bartholdi-Frederic, Auguste|last=s9.com Biography|year=2006|language=en|dead-url=2023-12-03|access-date=12 mai 2007}}.</ref>. [[Fichye:Liberty_Island_-_NYC_-_Usa2011.jpg|alt=|vignette| Zile Libète an 2011]] [[Fichye:New_York_-_Bedloe's_Island_through_George_Washington_Bridge_-_NARA_-_68146011.jpg|gauche|vignette| ''Zile Bedloe la'' nan lane 1917]] * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] q9f9fnkmextddnasin72h3iow12bn3t 868031 868030 2025-06-01T23:58:31Z Dastel 26685 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/225808947|Statue de la Liberté]] » 868031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monument|nom=Statue de la Liberté|image=Front view of Statue of Liberty with pedestal and base 2024.jpg|légende=Statue de la Liberté en cuivre [[Patine (aspect)|patiné]] de [[vert-de-gris]], sur un [[piédestal]] en [[Parement (construction)|placage]] de granite rose. Elle représente une femme drapée dans une [[toge]], coiffée d'un [[diadème]] à sept branches, brandissant une [[torche]] de la main droite et tenant dans sa main gauche une tablette qui porte la date de la [[Déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis]].|latitude=40.689167|longitude=-74.044444|pays={{États-Unis}}|subdivision={{État de New York}}|subdivision2=|commune=[[New York]]|géolocalisation=<!-- recherche automatique par Module:Carte -->|style=[[Architecture néoclassique]]|type=[[Statue]]|sculpteur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Auguste Bartholdi]]|date de construction=1886|hauteur=46,05 m de haut, sans le socle, 93 m socle compris (le socle fait 46,95 m)|destination initiale=|destination actuelle=|classement={{Patrimoine mondial|1984}}<br />[[Monument national américain|Monument national]] <small>(1924)</small><br />[[Registre national des lieux historiques]] <small>(1966)</small><br />{{langue|en|New York City Landmark}} <small>(1976)</small>|site=|région=|intitulé subdivision=[[États des États-Unis|État]]|intitulé subdivision2=|intitulé commune=|type2=|ingénieur={{Drapeau|France}} [[Gustave Eiffel]]|propriétaire=[[National Park Service]]}}'''Estati Libète a''', oubyen '''''Libète ki ap eklere mond lan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004813&cHash=3c53e1a0e3|title=Notice de l'œuvre sur le site du musée d'Orsay|date=|language=fr|access-date=2 août 2017}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/oeuvres-commentees/sculpture/commentaire_id/liberte-23150.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=9ed4cc3a68|title=Musée d'Orsay : Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi Liberté|website=musee-orsay.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref> (an [[Lang angle|Angle)]] ''{{Lang|en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm|title=Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|website=nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-28}}.</ref>, se yon estati monimantal ki nan mitan [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], sou Liberty Island, nan sid Manhattan, kote lanmè a Kontre ak rivyè Hudson an epi ki toupre Ellis Island. Li se youn nan moniman ki pi popilè an peyi [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] . [[Fichye:Photo_de_la_statut_de_la_liberté.jpg|gauche|vignette| Pwent tèt Estati Libète a.]] Estati a te rive konstwi epi reyini an asanble an [[Frans]], daprè yon lide Nan lane [[1865 (almanak gregoryen)|1865]] de jiris Édouard Lefebvre de Laboulaye, nan moman yo tap panse sou jounal ''Le Phare de la Loire a'' Nan objectif pou onore vèv [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Pèp franse a te ofri estati a bay Ameriken yo, kòm yon siy amitye, epi li te devwale yon gran jou ki te 28 octobre 1886 an prezans [[Prezidan Etazini]], Grover Cleveland, pou santènè Deklarasyon Endepandans Ameriken an. Nan lane 1871, yo te konfye konstriksyon ak jesyon pwojè a bay fransè Auguste Bartholdi, epi li te pran Viollet le Duc kòm achitèk, ki te rive ranplase apre lanmò li an 1879 pa Gustave Eiffel. Baz enòm sa a, ki pèmèt li rive nan {{Nowrap|46 mèt}} rive nan {{Nowrap|80 mèt}}, pou yon total 225 ton, se rezilta yon kanpay pou ranmase lajan ameriken ki te rive a lèd Avoka Jeneral la ki rele William M. Evarts, men travay la te rete nan fondasyon yo, sa ki te pwovoke kritik nan laprès amerikèn nan konsènan yon pwojè yo te jije twòp. Jounalis Joseph Pulitzer, « prekisè »<ref name="Charrier" /> nan yon « laprès envestigatif angaje » sosyalman te rive dakò pou mobilize premye paj jounal ''New York World'' li a pou l ranmase plis lajan, epi li te genyen grasa jès sa a, 50 000 nouvo moun ki te rive abone avèl. Pou chwa [[kwiv]] la, achitèk Eugène Viollet-le-Duc la te gen lide teknik repoussé a epi lè Bartholdi mouri an [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|1879]], li te fè apèl a enjenyè Gustave Eiffel, ki te imajine yon pilòn metal ki sipòte plak kwiv yo ki te mato epi fikse. Estati libète a se yon Moniman Istorik Nasyonal depi nan dat 15 oktob 1924, epi yon Sit Patrimwàn Mondyal [[INESKO|UNESCO]] depi [[1984 (almanak gregoryen)|1984]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/307|title=Statue de la Liberté|year=2007|language=fr|access-date=24 juin 2007}}.</ref>. Estati Libète a, anplis ke li se yon moniman trè enpòtan nan vil Nouyòk, li te vin tounen youn nan senbòl [[Etazini]] epi pi jeneralman reprezante libète ak emansipasyon anba opresyon. Depi inogirasyon li an [[1886 (almanak gregoryen)|1886]] rive ''aviyasyon an'', estati a se premye vizyon Nan peyi Etazini pou plizyè milyon imigran, apre yon long travèse [[Oseyan Atlantik]] la. Li se karakteristik prensipal Moniman Nasyonal Estati Libète a, ki jere pa Sèvis Pak Nasyonal la. Kreyasyon Estati Libète a se nan tradisyon Kolos Wòd la, kèk reprezantasyon li yo te san dout yon enspirasyon pou Bartholdi{{,}}{{,}}. Apre atak 11 septanm 2001 yo, aksè a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite: pyedestal la te relouvri an 2004 epi estati a an 2009, avèk yon limitasyon sou kantite vizitè ki otorize pou jwenn aksè nan kouwòn lan. Estati a (ki gen ladan pedestal la ak baz la) te fèmen pandan yon ane jiska Nan dat 28 oktob 2012, pou yo te ka enstale yon dezyèm eskalye ak lòt mezi sekirite (aksè nan zile a, poutan, aksè a te rete ouvè). Yon jou apre rewouvèti a, yo te entèdi aksè ankò akòz efè devastatè Siklòn Sandy a. Yo te relouvri aksè nan zile a ak estati a nan 4 jiyè 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/liberty-island-reopen-july-4-article-1.1293012#ixzz2O1S6vvwV|title=''Statue of Liberty, closed since Hurricane Sandy, will re-open by July 4''|website=[[nydailynews.com]]|language=en|access-date=22 mars 2014}}.</ref>. Aksè piblik sou balkon ki antoure flanbo a te entèdi pou rezon sekirite depi Nan lane 1916. == Listwa == === Kado pèp fransè a fè Etazini === [[Fichye:Bartholdi,_Auguste,_Nadar,_GALLICA.jpg|gauche|vignette| Auguste Bartholdi, moun ki travay konsepsyon Estati Libète a.]] [[Fichye:Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg|gauche|vignette| Gustave Eiffel te patisipe tou nan pwojè Estati Libète a, pou ki li te desine ankadreman metal la.]] Nan ki te 8 juin 1871, avèk lèt entwodiksyon Laboulaye te voye ba li, Bartholdi te pati pou senk mwa Ozetazini kote li te gen kontwol sit Bedloe's Island, ki te vin Liberty Island pita, epi li te eseye jwenn sipòtè. Li rankontre ak [[Prezidan Etazini|prezidan ameriken]] Ulysses S. Grant nan 18 jiyè 1871 nan Nouyòk{{Sfn|Belot|Bermond|2004}}. nan yon klib espesyal nan vil Nouyòk, li te òganize yon dine pou ranmase lajan pou Repibliken rich yo, li te revele yo pri inisyal eskilti a: {{Unité|125000|dola}} (ki ekivalan a {{Nowrap|2,5 milyon}} nan kòmansman XXI syèk la) pou mete yo sou yon wo nivo depans Ameriken yo, 125 000 pou rès estati a sou depans Fransè yo, men li te retounen an Frans san lajan, biznismann yo te vle mete non konpayi yo sou estati a an echanj pou patisipasyon finansye yo. Estrikti a te fèt nan atelye Gustave Eiffel yo, nan Levallois-Perret, epi nan 25 rue de Chazelles nan ki chita ko li nan 17arondisman an.&amp;nbsp;katye [[Pari]], kote yo te monte pyès monnen kwiv yo. {{clr|left}} === Modèl estati yo === [[Fichye:Isabella_Eugenie_Boyer.jpeg|vignette| Isabella Eugenie Boyer ( [[1841 (almanak gregoryen)|1841–1904]] ) ki SE madanm envantè Isaac Merritt Singer, ki moun yo di [[1904 (almanak gregoryen)|ki]] te sèvi kòm modèl pou Estati Libète a.]] ==== Chwa figi ==== ==== Sous enspirasyon yo ==== [[Fichye:Suez_projet_Auguste_Bartholdi.jpg|vignette| Akwarel desen Bartholdi a pou Kanal Suez la, 1869. Mize Bartholdi nan Colmar.]] <gallery> Fichye:Grand_sceau_de_la_République_Française_image001.gif|lien=Fichier:Grand_sceau_de_la_République_Française_image001.gif|alt=Grand sceau de la République Française (1848).| Gran So Repiblik Fransèz la (1848). Fichye:La_Vérité,_par_Jules_Joseph_Lefebvre.jpg|lien=Fichier:La_Vérité,_par_Jules_Joseph_Lefebvre.jpg|alt=La Vérité, Jules Lefebvre, Musée d'Orsay (1870).| ''Verite a'', Jules Lefebvre, [[Mize Orsay|Mize d'Orsay]] (1870). Fichye:Pio_fedi,_monumento_funebre_a_Giovan_Battista_Niccolini,_1883,_02_personificazione_della_libertà_della_poesia.jpg|lien=Fichier:Pio_fedi,_monumento_funebre_a_Giovan_Battista_Niccolini,_1883,_02_personificazione_della_libertà_della_poesia.jpg|alt=La Liberté de la poésie brisant ses chaînes, Pio Fedi (1883).| ''Libète Pwezi a Kase Chenn li yo'', Pio Fedi (1883). Fichye:Colosse_de_Rhodes_(Barclay).jpg|lien=Fichier:Colosse_de_Rhodes_(Barclay).jpg|alt=Représentation du colosse de Rhodes (1880).| Reprezantasyon Kolos Wòd la (1880). Fichye:Denier_Néron._Le_revers_est_très_probablement_la_seule_représentation_de_cette_statue_qui_reste_de_nos_jours.jpg|lien=Fichier:Denier_Néron._Le_revers_est_très_probablement_la_seule_représentation_de_cette_statue_qui_reste_de_nos_jours.jpg|alt=Denier de Néron au Colosse radié tenant le globe nicéphore.| Denarius Nero a ak Kolos Radye a ki kenbe glòb Nicephorus la. </gallery> === Konstriksyon estati a an Frans === <gallery heights="200" perrow="4"> Fichye:RahmenStatue1885.jpg|lien=Fichier:RahmenStatue1885.jpg|alt=L'armature de la statue selon des plans de 1885.| Ankadreman estati a dapre plan ki soti nan [[1885 (almanak gregoryen)|lane 1885]] . Fichye:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-04.jpg|lien=Fichier:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-04.jpg|alt=Les ateliers à Paris| Atelye nan Pari Fichye:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-06.jpg|lien=Fichier:Construction-of-Statue-of-Liberty-06.jpg|alt=Construction d'une des mains en présence de Bartholdi.| Konstriksyon youn nan men yo an prezans Bartholdi. Fichye:Sol_tete_atelier.png|lien=Fichier:Sol_tete_atelier.png|alt=La tête de la statue à l'atelier parisien.| Tèt estati a nan atelye parizyen an. Fichye:Statue_de_la_Liberté,_en_construction.jpg|lien=Fichier:Statue_de_la_Liberté,_en_construction.jpg|alt=La statue de la Liberté dans les ateliers Gaget-Gauthier, à Paris.| Estati Libète a nan atelye Gaget-Gauthier nan [[Pari]] . Fichye:Head_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_on_display_in_a_park_in_Paris.jpg|lien=Fichier:Head_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_on_display_in_a_park_in_Paris.jpg|alt=Tête de la statue exposée à l'Exposition de 1878 (parc du Champ-de-Mars).| Tèt estati a ki te ekspoze nan Ekspozisyon 1878 la (pak [[Channmas (Pari)|Champ-de-Mars]] ). Fichye:Leslie_Liberty.jpg|lien=Fichier:Leslie_Liberty.jpg|alt=Couverture de l'Illustrated Newspaper du 13 juin 1885.| Kouvèti ' ''ilistrasyon'' an13 juin 1885 . </gallery> === Patant lan === [[Fichye:U.S._Patent_D11023.jpeg|vignette| Patant/ otorizasyon estati a, Bartholdi te jwenn nan [[1879 (almanak gregoryen)|lane 1879]].]] Nan dat ki te 18 fevriye 1879, Bartholdi te jwenn yon patant pou estati li a, patant D11,023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/USD11023S/|title=Design for a statue|last=Auguste Bartholdi|date=18 février 1879|website=patents.google.com|language=en|access-date=17 décembre 2019}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.s9.com/Biography/Bartholdi-Frederic-Auguste|title=Bartholdi-Frederic, Auguste|last=s9.com Biography|year=2006|language=en|dead-url=2023-12-03|access-date=12 mai 2007}}.</ref>. === Akizisyon zile a === [[Fichye:Liberty_Island_-_NYC_-_Usa2011.jpg|alt=|vignette| Zile Libète an 2011]] [[Fichye:New_York_-_Bedloe's_Island_through_George_Washington_Bridge_-_NARA_-_68146011.jpg|gauche|vignette| ''Zile Bedloe la'' nan lane 1917]] * Jean Galtier-Boissière (dir.) et Romi, « Le vertueux Solon crée les bordels », Le Crapouillot, no HS 42,‎ 1er mai 1977, p. 52 (ASIN B00HZZIDYI). * Robert Belot et Daniel Bermond, Bartholdi, Paris, Perrin, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-262-01991-4). * Marie-Sophie Corcy, Nathalie Vu Hong, Lionel Dufaux, ''La Statue de la Liberté : le défi de Bartholdi'', Gallimard, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-07-030583-4 et 978-2-0703-0583-4). * André Gschaedler, ''Vérité sur la statue de la Liberté et son créateur'', Jérôme Do Bentzinger, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-906238-26-8 et 978-2-9062-3826-8). * Bertrand Lemoine, ''La Statue de la Liberté'', Mardaga, 1995, collection « A.R.C.H.I.V.E.S. », Institut français d'architecture, (ISBN 978-2-87009-260-6 et 978-2-8700-9260-6). * Pierre Vidal, ''Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi 1834-1904 : Par la Main, par l'Esprit'', Paris, Les Créations du pélican, 2000, (ISBN 978-2-7191-0565-8 et 978-2-7191-0565-8). * (en-US) Leslie Allen, ''Liberty: The Statue and the American Dream'' (ASIN B000HMACQI). * (en-US) Moreno Barry, ''The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia'', New York, Simon & Schuster, 2000 (ISBN 978-1-59764-063-3). * (en-US) Serge Hochain, ''Building Liberty: A Statue is Born'', 2004 (ISBN 978-0-7922-6765-2). * (en-US) Betsy Maestro, Giulio Maestro, ''The Story of the Statue of Liberty'' (ISBN 978-0-688-08746-3). * (en-US) [[Elizabeth Mitchell]], ''Liberty’s Torch : The Great Adventure To Build the Statue of Liberty'', éd. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2014. * (en-US) Marc Tyler Nobleman, ''The Statue of Liberty (First Facts: American Symbols)'' (ISBN 978-0-7368-4703-2). * (en-US) Jonathan Harris, ''A Statue for America: The First 100 Years of the Statue of Liberty'', New York, N.Y.: ''Four Winds Press'' (division de la Macmillan Publishing Company) (ISBN 978-0-02-742730-1) * (en-US) Yasmin Sabina Khan, ''Enlightening the world: the creation of the Statue of Liberty'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2010. (p. 135) (ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Lady Liberty I Love You'', éditions De Rameau 2013 (ISBN 10-91044-06-6) * Nathalie Salmon, ''Un amour de liberté'', Éditions Baker Street, 2018, 320 pp. (ISBN 979-10-974-9106-2) * Mikaël Hirsch, ''Libertalia'', éditions Intervalles, 2015 (ISBN 978-2-36956-020-3) (roman évoquant la construction de la statue de la Liberté) * Éric Marchal, ''Là où rêvent les étoiles'', Éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (ISBN 978-2-8433-7746-4) (roman évoquant, entre autres, la construction de la statue de le liberté) * Achdé et Jul d'après Morris, Un cow-boy à Paris, Lucky Comics, 2018 (ISBN 978-2884-71453-2) * Audrey Marty, [https://www.lespresseslitteraires.com/marty-audrey/ Le voyage de Lady Liberty], Les Presses littéraires, avril 2024 (ISBN 979-1031014777) (roman historique évoquant le transport de la statue de la liberté, ainsi que sa reconstruction et son inauguration à New-York le 28 octobre 1885) === Lot atik ki gen rapò === {{Kolòn|* [[Auguste Bartholdi]] * [[Liberty Island]] * [[Ellis Island]] * [[Histoire de New York]] * [[Libertas (mythologie)|Déesse de la Liberté]] * [[Déesse de la Démocratie]] * [[Isère (frégate)]] * [[Liste des plus hautes statues]]|nombre=2|taille=30}}{{Liens|site officiel=-}}{{Portail|libéralisme|histoire de l'art|sculpture|néo-classicisme|New York|France|patrimoine mondial|tourisme|Registre national des lieux historiques|phares}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Zev liberalism]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] [[Kategori:Estati monimantal]] [[Kategori:Eta New York]] [[Kategori:Eskilti Auguste Bartholdi]] [[Kategori:Ibanis]] [[Kategori:Pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] mw8nsa784bamytoemipfu1m2ik5fvn5 0 96029 868032 2025-06-02T04:58:59Z 2603:8080:6D00:1E22:153B:2276:3669:9FB Paj ki kreye ak " '''José Rafael Cordero Sánchez''' (ki fèt [[14 desanm]] [[1990]], nan Barquisimeto, Venezyela) se yon mizisyen, konpozitè, aktivis, ak kreyatè kontni dijital Venezyelyen. Li konnen pou travay atistik li ki gen yon kontni sosyal ak politik fò, osi byen ke pou aktivis li an defans dwa bèt yo. ==Biyografi== Cordero Sánchez te fèt nan Barquisimeto, Eta Lara, Venezyela. Depi li te jèn, li te montre yon enterè nan mizik, ekriti, ak kòz sosyal. Li te etidye analiz... " 868032 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Rafael Cordero Sánchez''' (ki fèt [[14 desanm]] [[1990]], nan Barquisimeto, Venezyela) se yon mizisyen, konpozitè, aktivis, ak kreyatè kontni dijital Venezyelyen. Li konnen pou travay atistik li ki gen yon kontni sosyal ak politik fò, osi byen ke pou aktivis li an defans dwa bèt yo. ==Biyografi== Cordero Sánchez te fèt nan Barquisimeto, Eta Lara, Venezyela. Depi li te jèn, li te montre yon enterè nan mizik, ekriti, ak kòz sosyal. Li te etidye analiz sistèm nan Universidad Centro Occidental Lisandro Alvarado epi tou administrasyon biznis. An 2008, li te vin notoryete sou entènèt ak kout fim laterè-sispens li a "Observa la silla de terror," ki te vin viral sou YouTube. ==Karyè Atistik== ===Mizik=== An 2020, li te pibliye premye albòm li, "Odio a Maduro," yon travay pwotestasyon ki konpoze de dis chante ki ouvètman kritike gouvènman Venezyelyen an. An 2025, li te pibliye yon nouvo vèsyon albòm nan kòm yon EP sèt chante, ki gen ladan moso tankou "Crisisdosis," "Muerto en Vida," "Odio," ak "No Soporto Esto Más."<ref>https://norteenlinea.com/crisisdosis-la-cancion-que-retrata-la-angustia-venezolana-por-jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez/</ref><ref>https://panoramadirecto.com/2025/04/jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez-se-abre-paso-entre-el-publico-estadounidense-html.html</ref><ref> https://edomexaldia.com/jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez-comprometido-con-la-musica-los-animales-y-el-entretenimiento/ </ref>. An 2024, li te pibliye twa single: "Ser tú mismo," "Cumplirás," ak "Me iré de aquí," ki te jwenn rekonesans entènasyonal nan peyi tankou Ekwatè, Meksik, Kolonbi, Chili, Repiblik Dominikèn, ak Ajantin. <ref>https://americaeconomica.com/notas-de-empresa?notaid=jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez-lanza-tres&sid=comunicae</ref><ref>https://latinosunidosonline.com/jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez-me-ire-de-aqui/</ref><ref>http://agenciaeluniversal.mx/productos/comunicado/12125 </ref><ref>https://comunicae.com.mx/notas-de-prensa/jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez-lanza-tres </ref><ref>https://nacionweb.com.ar/jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez-lanza-su-nuevo-sencillo-me-ire-de-aqui-y-reafirma-su-evolucion-artistica/</ref><ref>https://farras.live/jose-rafael-sanchez-ser-tu-mismo/ </ref><ref> https://hombresdelpoder.mx/jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez-lanza-tres-sencillos-ser-tu-mismo-cumpliras-y-me-ire-de-aqui/ </ref>. ==Kontni Dijital== Anplis karyè mizikal li, Cordero Sánchez te kreye kontni dijital sou platfòm tankou TikTok ak Instagram, kote li pataje videyo vwayaj ak mesaj sansibilizasyon sosyal. <ref>https://elportalbonaerense.com.ar/diez-preguntas-a-jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez-activista-musico-y-compositor-venezolano/ </ref><ref> https://panoramadirecto.com/2025/04/jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez-el-poder-liberador-de-su-nuevo-sencillo-me-ire-de-aqui-html.html </ref><ref> https://newyorknews.online/jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez-un-influencer-que-impulsa-el-cambio/ </réf> <réf> https://lavozdeltuy.com/jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez-abre-camino-en-el-publico-estadounidense/ </ref> ==Aktivis== ===Dwa Animal yo=== Depi 2014, Cordero Sánchez te yon defansè aktif pou dwa animal yo. Li te dirije kanpay pou dekouraje ale nan zoo ak sik, li te ankouraje adopsyon ak sekou bèt abandone yo. Li te grandi nan yon anviwònman familyal kote bèt konpayon yo te jwe yon wòl enpòtan, sa ki te enfliyanse angajman li nan kòz sa a. <ref>https://www.dailyscanner.com/jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez-a-life-of-music-and-compassion/</ref><ref> https://www.lr21.com.uy/enredados/1198280-jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez-habla-sobre-los-derechos-de-los-animales </ref><ref>https://www.lapatilla.com/2015/01/22/activista-por-los-derechos-de-los-animales-pide-no-asistir-a-los-zoologicos/</ref><ref> https://www.elimpulso.com/2014/11/20/jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez-habla-sobre-los-derechos-de-los-animales/ </ref><ref> https://www.elimpulso.com/2015/01/09/opinion-los-animales-tienen-derechos/ </ref><ref> https://minuto60panama.com/index.php/2025/04/06/jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez-compositor-de-canciones-y-creador-de-contenidopresenta-sus-canciones-mas-relevantes-ser-tu-mismo-cumpliras-y-me-ire-deaqui/ </ref>. ==Kritik Politik== Depi 2014, li te eksprime ouvètman mekontantman li ak gouvènman Nicolás Maduro a, li kritike mank medikaman ak manje, ansanm ak ensekirite ak represyon leta nan Venezyela. ==Rekonesans== An 2025, li te nonmen Moun ki gen plis enfliyans nan ane a nan Icon Awards yo. <ref>https://www.premiosicono.com/jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez/</ref> ==Diskografi== * Odio a Maduro (2020) * Odio a Maduro (EP, 2025) <ref> https://atardecer.com.do/jose-rafael-cordero-sanchez-estrena-su-album-odio-a-maduro-2025/ </ref> == Single== * “Ser tú mismo” (2024) * “Cumplirás” (2024) * “Me iré de aquí” (2024) * “Crisisdosis” (2025) ==Filmografi== * Observa la silla de terror (2008) == Referans == {{referans}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cordero, José}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1990]] 90ghis4wl68gbvfqfqhkuese1fomyn3