Wikipedya htwiki https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paj_Prensipal MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.8 first-letter Medya Espesyal Diskite Itilizatè Diskisyon Itilizatè Wikipedya Diskisyon Wikipedya Fichye Diskisyon Fichye MedyaWiki Diskisyon MedyaWiki Modèl Diskisyon Modèl Èd Diskisyon Èd Kategori Diskisyon Kategori TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk 4 67009 868381 868352 2025-07-06T04:33:23Z ListeriaBot 19489 Wikidata list updated [V2] 868381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?linkcount ?item ?itemLabel WHERE { SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],fr" } {?item wdt:P17 wd:Q790.} UNION {?item wdt:P131/wdt:P279* wd:Q790 .} UNION {?item wdt:P27 wd:Q790} ?item wikibase:sitelinks ?linkcount . OPTIONAL {?article schema:about ?item ; schema:isPartOf <https://ht.wikipedia.org/> .} FILTER (!BOUND(?article)) } ORDER BY DESC(?linkcount) LIMIT 200 |sort= |columns=NUMBER:numéro,P18:Image,label:Nom,P625:Géolocalisation,P131:Lieu |thumb=128 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! numéro ! Image ! Nom ! Géolocalisation ! Lieu |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[Fichye:Sandy 2012-10-25 0320Z.png|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q264|Hurricane Sandy]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[Fichye:CST-EST border Mexico Beach, FL.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q941023|Eastern Time Zone]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[Fichye:Monkeypox By Country.svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q112070734|2022 monkeypox outbreak]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | | ''[[:d:Q273894|Piarists]]'' | {{Coord|41.89736111|12.473425|display=inline}} | |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | | ''[[:d:Q207701|Coat of Arms of Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[Fichye:Map-Francophone World.svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q1003588|Francophonie]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | | ''[[:d:Q140265|Windward Passage]]'' | {{Coord|20|-74|display=inline}} | |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[Fichye:John baptist de la salle 1.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q138579|Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools]]'' | {{Coord|41.899|12.423|display=inline}} | |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | | ''[[:d:Q916809|Haiti women's national association football team]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | | ''[[:d:Q594254|1973 CONCACAF Championship]]'' | {{Coord|18.5425|-72.3386|display=inline}} | |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | | ''[[:d:Q4131845|Ayisyen]]'' | | [[Ayiti]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[Fichye:Maracanã, 5 de agosto de 2016- onde o Egito encontra o Haiti... -rio2016 (28778328632).jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q20113758|Haiti at the 2016 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q107472171|Haiti at the 2022 Winter Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | | ''[[:d:Q20986|ISO 3166-2:HT]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | | ''[[:d:Q1256655|20th parallel north]]'' | {{Coord|20|0|display=inline}} | |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q141217|Haiti at the 2012 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | [[Fichye:Haiti at the opening ceremony of the 1928 Summer Olympics.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q147174|Haiti at the 1928 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | | ''[[:d:Q4435409|list of World Heritage Sites in Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q144034|Haiti at the 1900 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | | ''[[:d:Q2467445|Ligue Haïtienne]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | | ''[[:d:Q3439047|War of Dominican Independence]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q42914391|Haiti at the 2020 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q126284599|Haiti at the 2024 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti (civil).svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q2297885|Haiti at the 1924 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[Fichye:Jimmy "Barbecue" Cherizier 2024.png|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q101440369|Jimmy Chérizier]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[Fichye:Vida y viajes de Cristobal Colón, 1851 Construcción de la fortaleza de La Navidad (3819531625).jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q1798978|La Navidad]]'' | {{Coord|19.690555555556|-72.015833333333|display=inline}} | [[Ayiti]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[Fichye:Bennedict Mathurin (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q105013647|Bennedict Mathurin]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q141075|Haiti at the 2008 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q143063|Haiti at the 2000 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | | ''[[:d:Q1024083|1991 CONCACAF Women's Championship]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | | ''[[:d:Q1254997|19th parallel north]]'' | {{Coord|19|0|display=inline}} | |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q2194097|Haiti at the 1960 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q1986870|Haiti at the 1988 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti (1964–1986).svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q2291898|Haiti at the 1984 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | [[Fichye:RC Lens - FC Nantes (28-10-2023) - Duverne.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q26251605|Jean-Kévin Duverne]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q145152|Haiti at the 2004 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q150527|Haiti at the 1996 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti (1964–1986).svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q168379|Haiti at the 1972 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti (1964–1986).svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q2489822|Haiti at the 1976 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti (civil).svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q2651878|Haiti at the 1932 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q2666070|Haiti at the 1992 Summer Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | [[Fichye:Cap-Haitien seen from Morne Jean Explosion.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q110106709|Cap-Haïtien fuel tanker explosion]]'' | {{Coord|19.75138888888889|-72.20555555555555|display=inline}} | [[Kap Ayisyen (komin)|Kap Ayisyen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | [[Fichye:Michel Patrick Boisvert 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q114735638|Michel Patrick Boisvert]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | | ''[[:d:Q667038|United Nations Mission in Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | | ''[[:d:Q861844|André Corvington]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | [[Fichye:Etang de Miragoane Haiti.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q3207215|Lake Miragoâne]]'' | {{Coord|18.403888888889|-73.049722222222|display=inline}} | [[Miragwàn (komin)|Miragwàn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | | ''[[:d:Q4124963|Armed Forces of Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | | ''[[:d:Q5421623|Exposition internationale du bicentenaire de Port-au-Prince]]'' | {{Coord|18.549368|-72.348376|display=inline}} | |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | [[Fichye:2019-07-17 SG Dynamo Dresden vs. Paris Saint-Germain by Sandro Halank–054 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q69948832|Garissone Innocent]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | | ''[[:d:Q1626302|LGBT rights in Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | | ''[[:d:Q1857436|2010–11 Haitian general election]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | [[Fichye:Trou Caïman.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q2805779|Trou Caïman]]'' | {{Coord|18.642804|-72.146336|display=inline}} | [[Tomazo (komin)|Tomazo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | | ''[[:d:Q2992378|demographics of Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | | ''[[:d:Q10530123|Max Hilaire]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | [[Fichye:Lens - Evian (29-02-2016) 17.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q22280180|Dylan Saint-Louis]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | [[Fichye:Order of Merit of the Republic of Haiti (Grade of Commander) - IMG 4985.JPG|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q112390|National Order of Honour and Merit]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | [[Fichye:Hotel Montana.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q3121455|Hôtel Montana]]'' | {{Coord|18.527222|-72.297778|display=inline}} | [[Petyonvil (komin)|Petyonvil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | [[Fichye:Danish Air Transport ATR-42-300.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q7641058|Sunrise Airways]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | | ''[[:d:Q11821998|Polish Haitian]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | [[Fichye:Frantz Massenat - Lliga Catalana 2019 - by unnika.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q16228333|Frantz Massenat]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | | ''[[:d:Q60853298|Arcahaie FC]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | [[Fichye:The part is devoted to the contest "Wiki loves folklore".jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q96622031|Wiki Loves Folklore]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | | ''[[:d:Q119952811|Jayro Jean]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | [[Fichye:UN Haiti - MINUSTAH HQ after 2010 earthquake.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q166484|Christopher Hotel]]'' | {{Coord|18.5391|-72.3121|display=inline}} | [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | | ''[[:d:Q1449569|Lee Holdridge]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | | ''[[:d:Q2202375|Catholic Church in Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | | ''[[:d:Q2581074|Coupe d'Haïti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | | ''[[:d:Q3094730|Racing FC]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | [[Fichye:Hotel Oloffson mars 2007.JPG|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q3365701|Hotel Oloffson]]'' | {{Coord|18.529444|-72.3375|display=inline}} | |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | | ''[[:d:Q3623880|La Gonâve Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|18.8322|-72.8658|display=inline}} | [[Lwès (depatman)|Lwès]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | | ''[[:d:Q4116369|Islam in Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q5639707|Haiti at the Paralympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | [[Fichye:Cathedral of Cap-Haitien.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q11737318|Our Lady of the Assumption Cathedral, Cap-Haïtien]]'' | {{Coord|19.761|-72.2007|display=inline}} | [[Kap Ayisyen (komin)|Kap Ayisyen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | | ''[[:d:Q19702717|Jeppe Simonsen]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | | ''[[:d:Q26225095|Caye Sable]]'' | {{Coord|18.7|-72.76667|display=inline}} | [[Lwès (depatman)|Lwès]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | | ''[[:d:Q60677605|Benji Michel]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | | ''[[:d:Q107122118|Carnejy Antoine]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | [[Fichye:Grace 2021-08-21 0610Z.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q108141536|Hurricane Grace]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | [[Fichye:Citadelle Laferrière terrace 2.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q2305026|Ramiers]]'' | {{Coord|19.5736|-72.2442|display=inline}} | |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | | ''[[:d:Q3043219|deforestation in Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | | ''[[:d:Q3366221|Haitian Communist Party]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | | ''[[:d:Q3873766|Ekip baskètbòl Ayiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | [[Fichye:St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral - Howell, New Jersey 02.JPG|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q4126487|Russian Orthodox Eparchy of Eastern America and New York]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | [[Fichye:Michelle Obama and Jill Biden in Haiti 2010.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q5361449|Elisabeth Delatour Préval]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | | ''[[:d:Q5715358|Henri Caesar]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | | ''[[:d:Q6771722|Marlena Wesh]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | | ''[[:d:Q19881628|2015–16 Haitian parliamentary election]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | [[Fichye:Kenny Chery.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q26709113|Kenny Chery]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | | ''[[:d:Q26837183|Mulern Jean]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | | ''[[:d:Q47571408|Nadine Magloire]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | [[Fichye:Shan Borgelin (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q62078453|Shanyder Borgelin]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | [[Fichye:Danielle Etienne .jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q69803071|Danielle Etienne]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | | ''[[:d:Q111536396|Dany Jean]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | | ''[[:d:Q112623666|Alexandre Pierre]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | | ''[[:d:Q113003310|Haiti at the 2022 World Athletics Championships]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | | ''[[:d:Q121461135|Haiti at the 2023 World Athletics Championships]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | | ''[[:d:Q4883|Ron Howard]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | | ''[[:d:Q124742130|2024 Haitian jailbreak]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | | ''[[:d:Q125707608|Fritz Bélizaire]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | | ''[[:d:Q110664|Léonard Pétion Laroche]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | [[Fichye:Hispaniolanpineforest.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q287885|Hispaniolan pine forests]]'' | {{Coord|18.33|-71.78|display=inline}} | |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | | ''[[:d:Q655961|United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | | ''[[:d:Q1060772|list of Roman Catholic dioceses in Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | | ''[[:d:Q1353457|Haiti at the 2012 Summer Paralympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | | ''[[:d:Q1531692|Raboteau Massacre]]'' | {{Coord|19.45|-72.68333333|display=inline}} | [[Gonayiv (awondisman)|Gonayiv]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | | ''[[:d:Q1569605|Haiti Davis Cup team]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | | ''[[:d:Q2069340|rail transport in Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | | ''[[:d:Q2299927|Haiti at the 2008 Summer Paralympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q2497054|Haiti at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | [[Fichye:Bassin Bleu, Haiti.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q2887443|Bassin Bleu]]'' | {{Coord|18.23416667|-72.58805556|display=inline}} | |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | | ''[[:d:Q3163953|Janbatis Chavàn]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | | ''[[:d:Q3297666|Massif des Montagnes Noires]]'' | {{Coord|19.0833|-72.25|display=inline}} | |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | | ''[[:d:Q3504239|Haitian Vodoun Culture Language]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | | ''[[:d:Q3589794|Haiti national under-17 football team]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | [[Fichye:Daniele Battaglia.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q3701868|Daniele Battaglia]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | | ''[[:d:Q5856947|Fe y Alegría]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | | ''[[:d:Q6726315|Madame Max Adolphe]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | | ''[[:d:Q7136383|Parc St. Victor]]'' | {{Coord|19.753611|-72.2075|display=inline}} | [[Kap Ayisyen (komin)|Kap Ayisyen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | | ''[[:d:Q16587373|National Unity Party]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | | ''[[:d:Q16728171|Monuma Constant Jr.]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | [[Fichye:Cathédrale Jérémie Haïti.JPG|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q17608165|St. Louis King of France Cathedral]]'' | {{Coord|18.6447|-74.1146|display=inline}} | [[Jeremi (komin)|Jeremi]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | | ''[[:d:Q19895065|French Haitian]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | | ''[[:d:Q24744408|2016–17 Haitian Senate election]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | [[Fichye:Tropical Storm Matthew Sept 24 2010.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q4353265|Tropical Storm Matthew]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | | ''[[:d:Q26226528|Ilet a Brouee]]'' | {{Coord|18.128333333333|-73.590555555556|display=inline}} | [[Sid (depatman)|Sid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | | ''[[:d:Q26704937|Frantz Dorsainvil]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | | ''[[:d:Q28823593|Anne Marie Coriolan]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | | ''[[:d:Q28941174|FC Juventus des Cayes]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | | ''[[:d:Q30074499|Axel Louissaint]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | | ''[[:d:Q34383826|Haiti at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | | ''[[:d:Q57037767|Ángel Orelién]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | | ''[[:d:Q68166407|Haiti at the 2019 World Championships in Athletics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | | ''[[:d:Q72697581|Louicius Don Deedson]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | | ''[[:d:Q100792937|Josué Casimir]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | | ''[[:d:Q106205592|Lise-Marie Dejean]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | | ''[[:d:Q107476272|Sabiana Anestor]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | | ''[[:d:Q766764|Dieudonné LaMothe]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | | ''[[:d:Q1089416|Andre Pascal]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | | ''[[:d:Q1149808|Brother Voodoo]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | | ''[[:d:Q1654386|Inivèsite Notre Dame Ayiti]]'' | {{Coord|18.5286889|-72.3353421|display=inline}} | [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | [[Fichye:Les Trois-Rivières en Haïti.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q1952095|Les Trois Rivières]]'' | {{Coord|19.95|-72.866666666667|display=inline}} | |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | | ''[[:d:Q2036275|Osvaldo Jeanty]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | [[Fichye:Lecture-scenique-iphigenie jr-lemoine.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q3169917|Jean-René Lemoine]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | | ''[[:d:Q3208335|Montagne Terrible]]'' | {{Coord|18.8897|-72.4008|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|18.88972|-72.40028|display=inline}} | [[Sen Mak (awondisman)|Sen Mak]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | | ''[[:d:Q3316510|Miss Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | | ''[[:d:Q3366461|Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | | ''[[:d:Q3419888|Rally of Progressive National Democrats]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | | ''[[:d:Q3509515|education in Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | | ''[[:d:Q3532552|Tortug' Air]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | | ''[[:d:Q3539909|Francophone]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | | ''[[:d:Q3589796|équipe d'Haïti de volley-ball féminin]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | [[Fichye:Alix Pasquet.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q4727515|Alix Pasquet]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | | ''[[:d:Q4895878|Bertrand Madsen]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | [[Fichye:Fight of the Poursuivante mp3h9427.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q4927230|Blockade of Saint-Domingue]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | | ''[[:d:Q5354703|elections in Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | | ''[[:d:Q5468493|Foreign relations of Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | | ''[[:d:Q5639691|Haiti Billie Jean King Cup team]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | | ''[[:d:Q5938282|human rights in Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | | ''[[:d:Q7251035|prostitution in Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | | ''[[:d:Q7279930|Rada loa]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | | ''[[:d:Q7935364|visa policy of Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | [[Fichye:Central Market, Port-au-Prince.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q16303839|Marché en Fer]]'' | {{Coord|18.5515|-72.3431|display=inline}} | [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | | ''[[:d:Q16360378|2014 Kosovo vs Haiti football match]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | | ''[[:d:Q17006910|July 1958 Haitian coup d'état attempt]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | | ''[[:d:Q17636553|Petite Rivière de Jacmel]]'' | {{Coord|18.23|-72.55111111|display=inline}} | |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | | ''[[:d:Q18345341|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Haiti]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | | ''[[:d:Q19331319|2015 Haiti Carnival stampede]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | | ''[[:d:Q19666225|Marie-Denise Douyon]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | [[Fichye:Port-au-Prince Haiti Temple - Pierre.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q20714931|Port-au-Prince Haiti Temple]]'' | {{Coord|18.528651|-72.267999|display=inline}} | [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | | ''[[:d:Q20807714|Haiti national under-20 football team]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | | ''[[:d:Q20872224|Haiti at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | | ''[[:d:Q23687393|February 2016 Haitian presidential election]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | | ''[[:d:Q24910664|2016 Ligue Haïtienne season]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | | ''[[:d:Q26834029|Haiti at the 2016 Summer Paralympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | | ''[[:d:Q28086332|Ashkanov Apollon]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | | ''[[:d:Q28944080|Haitian Aviation Corps]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | | ''[[:d:Q48609821|Haiti at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | | ''[[:d:Q49004376|Leverton Pierre]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | [[Fichye:Estevan Florial in 2019.png|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q50345071|Estevan Florial]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | | ''[[:d:Q57315177|Germany–Haiti relations]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | | ''[[:d:Q60776533|2018 Port-au-Prince massacre]]'' | {{Coord|18.56|-72.34|display=inline}} | |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | | ''[[:d:Q62653313|Ronaldo Damus]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | | ''[[:d:Q51120334|Myrlande Constant]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | | ''[[:d:Q70531330|Mikerline Saint-Félix]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | | ''[[:d:Q74550829|Davidson Vincent]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | | ''[[:d:Q81330435|Haiti at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | | ''[[:d:Q83887546|Kethna Louis]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | | ''[[:d:Q107426681|Martin Experiénce]]'' | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | [[Fichye:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q108197251|Haiti at the 2020 Summer Paralympics]]'' | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 7qp8td70wqbztpp58hcdutmhcdpfwmg 0 67479 868382 811465 2025-07-06T09:40:49Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 868382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Lucía Méndez |foto=Lucía Leticia Méndez Pérez.jpg |tèks=Lucía Méndez |fonksyon=aktris, chantèz, biznisman |domèn=televizyon, chanson |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[26 janvye]] [[1955]] |lye nesans= |peyi nesans=[[Meksik]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite= meksiken-ameriken |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Lucía Leticia Méndez Pérez''', rele '''Lucía Méndez''', ki fèt sou [[26 janvye]] [[1955]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www2.esmas.com/entretenimiento/biografias/018566/lucia-mendez |title=Biografía de Lucía Méndez en esmas |access-date=2018-07-14 |archive-date=2017-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103054127/http://www2.esmas.com/entretenimiento/biografias/018566/lucia-mendez |dead-url=yes }}</ref> nan [[León (Meksik)|León]]) se yon [[aktè|aktris]], [[chantè|chantèz]] ak biznisman [[Meksik|meksikèn]]-[[Etazini|amerikèn]]. == Biyografi == == Zèv li yo == === Fim === * 2007 : ''[[Malinche]]'' (liv odyo) * 1996 : ''[[Confetti]]'' : Coco Freyre * 1986 : ''[[El Maleficio II]]'' : Marcela * 1984 : ''[[Enamorada (Lucía Méndez albòm)|Enamorada]]'' * 1982 : ''[[Los Renglones Torcidos de Dios]]'' : Alice Gould * 1980 : ''[[La Ilegal]]'' : Claudia Bernal * 1979 : ''[[Los Hijos de Sánchez]]'' : Marta Sánchez * 1978 : ''[[The Children of Sanchez (fim)|The Children of Sanchez]]'' : Marta Sánchez * 1976 : ''[[Juan Armenta, El Repatriado]]'' : Julia * 1976 : ''[[El ministro y yo|El Ministro y Yo]]'' : Bárbara * 1975 : ''[[Más negro que la noche|Más Negro que la Noche]]'' : Marta * 1974 : ''[[El Desconocido]]'' * 1974 : ''[[Cabalgando a la Luna]]'' * 1973 : ''[[El Hijo del Pueblo]]'' : Carmen * 1972 : ''[[Vuelven los Campeones Justicieros]]'' === Televizyon === * 2017 ː ''[[Las 13 esposas de Wilson Fernández (serie de televisión mexicana)|Las 13 esposas de Wilson Fernández]]'' ː li menm<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.debate.com.mx/show/Quienes-son-las-13-Esposas-de-Wilson-Fernandez-20170512-0102.html |title=¿Quiénes son las 13 Esposas de Wilsón Fernández? |author= |publisher= |website=debate.com.mx |date= |access-date=13 me 2017}}</ref> * 2015 ː ''[[Como dice el dicho]]'' ː Roberta Valdez * 2011 : ''[[Esperanza del corazón]]'' : Lucrecia Duprís * 2010 : ''[[Llena de amor]]'' : Eva Pavon (2 epizòd) * 2009 : ''[[Mi pecado]]'' : Inés Roura (2 epizòd) * 2007 : ''[[Amor sin maquillaje|Amor sin Maquillaje]]'' : Lupita Velazquez * 2000 : ''[[Golpe bajo (telenovela)|Golpe bajo]]'' : Silvana Bernal * 1998 : ''[[Tres veces Sofía]]'' : Sofía Gutiérrez de Briseño * 1994 : ''[[Señora tentación (telenovela)|Señora Tentación]]'' : Rosa Moreno * 1992 : ''[[Marielena]]'' : Marielena * 1990 : ''[[Amor de nadie]]'' : Sofía * 1988 : ''[[El extraño retorno de Diana Salazar]]'' : Diana Salazar/Doña Leonor de Santiago * 1985 : ''[[Tú o nadie|Tú o Nadie]]'' : Raquel Samaniego * 1982 : ''[[Vanessa (telenovela)|Vanessa]]'' : Vanessa Reyes de Saint-Michel * 1980 : ''[[Colorina (telenovela, Meksik)|Colorina]]'' : Colorina/Fernanda * 1978 : ''[[Viviana (telenovela)|Viviana]]'' : Viviana Lozano * 1976 : ''[[Mundos opuestos (telenovela)|Mundos Opuestos]]'' : Cecilia * 1975 : ''[[Paloma (telenovela)|Paloma]]'' : Rosa * 1974 : ''[[La tierra (telenovela)|La tierra]]'' : Olivia * 1973 : ''[[La Maestra Méndez]]'' * 1973 : ''[[Cartas sin destino]]'' * 1972 : ''[[Muchacha italiana viene a casarse (telenovela, 1971)|Muchacha Italiana Viene a Casarse]]'' == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0617674/ Lucía Méndez] sou IMDb * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170929121957/http://luciamendez.com/ Sitwèb ofisyèl Lucía Méndez] {{DEFAULTSORT:Méndez, Lucía}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Chantè]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè ameriken]] [[Kategori:Chantè meksiken]] [[Kategori:Aktè meksiken]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1955]] qz9acqq76noyzcbyolzm7dwn4h3ofre 0 75259 868378 769849 2025-07-06T01:47:22Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 868378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Eloísa Maturén |foto=Elo%C3%ADsa_Matur%C3%A9n_(cropped).jpg |tèks=Eloísa Maturén (2016) |fonksyon=Aktris |domèn=Sinema, televizyon |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[4 fevriye]] [[1980]] |lye nesans=[[Karakas]] |peyi nesans=[[Venezwela]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite= venezwelyen |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Eloísa Maturén''', ki fèt [[4 fevriye]] [[1980]] nan [[Karakas]] ([[Venezwela]]), se yon [[dansè|dansèz]], jounalis, [[Aktè|aktris]] ak [[pwodiktè|pwodiktris]] [[Venezwela|venezwelyèn]]. == Biyografi == == Zèv li yo == === Tankou aktris === * [[2014]] : ''[[Liz en septiembre]]'' : Eva === Tankou pwodiktris === * [[2010]] : ''[[Dudamel: Let the Children Play]]'' (dokimantè) * [[2011]] : ''[[Don Armando]]'' (dokimantè) == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4016914/ Eloísa Maturén] sou IMDb * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171009231151/http://www.eloisamaturen.com/ Sitwèb ofisyèl Eloísa Maturén] {{DEFAULTSORT:Maturén, Eloísa}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè venezwelyen]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1980]] 59havzhysg71smg4itis48yqzfdmqx9 0 79461 868376 796008 2025-07-05T15:21:42Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 868376 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:TV5 (Philippines) logo.svg|thumb|right|]] '''TV5''' (ke yo rele tou '''5''' ak ansyen li te ye tankou '''ABC''') se yon rezo televizyon terrestres [[Filipin]] ki gen biwo santral li nan [[Mandaluyong]], ak estidyo altènatif li yo ki baze sou Novaliches, [[Quezon City]]. Rezo a te lanse sou 19 jen 1960 kòm '''Associated Broadcasting Corporation''' epi fèmen sou 21 septanm 1972 akòz lalwa masyal. Li te relanse sou 21 fevriye 1992 ak chanje non kòm '''Associated Broadcasting Company'''. Sou 9 out 2008, rezo a chanje non kòm '''TV5'''. Li posede pa [[TV5 Network, Inc.]], yon sipòtè de [[MediaQuest Holdings]], yon pati nan [[PLDT]]. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121006055529/http://www.tv5.com.ph/ Sitwèb ofisyèl TV5] [[Kategori:Rezo televizyon nan Filipin]] c2boul8qfxxmpzoi3jfyhcnzhpsuzvm 0 86480 868379 866597 2025-07-06T02:53:55Z 151.82.207.116 868379 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:Alfred-Philippe_Roll_Milk.jpg|lien=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Alfred-Philippe_Roll_Milk.jpg/170px-Alfred-Philippe_Roll_Milk.jpg|thumb| Alfred Roll, ''Manda Lamétrie, fermière'' (1887), [[Pari]], Mize Orsay.]] '''Natiralis''' se yon mouvman atistik ki parèt nan dezyèm pati 19yèm syèk la, ki vize reprezante lanati jan li ye a, san okenn egzajerasyon oswa sènografi. Soti nan mouvman [[Reyalis (la)|Reyalis]] la ak nan opozisyon ak [[Womantis]], li te adopte teknik li yo pandan y ap konsantre sou yon reprezantasyon natif natal ak san yo pa senarize lanati<ref>Patricia Fride-Carrassat et Isabelle Marcadé, « Naturalisme », in: ''Les Mouvements dans la peinture'', Larousse, 2010, {{p.|76-78}}.</ref>. Tèm nan " natiralis " deziyen nan 19yèm syèk la, nan [[penti]] tankou nan [[literati]], yon [[mouvman atistik]] nan Loksidan an, apeprè ant 1880 ak 1900, swiv sou nan [[reyalis (penti)|reyalis]] imaj, ki te pran yon tan trè long konvenk kritik ak piblik la. Li pasyèlman repwodui karakteristik li yo. Li akòde, menm jan ak Gustave Courbet, enpòtans priyorite nan motif la, nan lanati jan li ye, nan monn peyizan an, olye ke nan sèn istorik, mitolojik oswa relijye fikse pa kanon akademik yo. Li pran yon pozisyon an favè pèp la ak monn travayè a, ki jiska lè sa a chape reprezantasyon. Mouvman sa a, ki make pa devlopman fotografi, [[medsen]], [[syans egzak|syans egzat]] yo, istwa sosyal, se pratik, nan fòm li, swa nan yon fason akademik, tankou sa ki nan Jean-Léon Gérôme, oswa prete sèten efè pentire nan enpresyonis, ki soti nan li tou eritye. Anpil nan mouvman natiralis la montre pèspektiv Darwinyen nan lavi ak kwayans nan initil efò imen an fas ak pisans a nan Lanati. [[Francesco Filippini]] (1853–1895) konsidere kòm prensipal reprezantan [[natiralis (art)|natiralis penti Italyen an]] ak youn nan pi gwo inovatè Ewopeyen nan [[peyizaj]] pandan dezyèm mwatye [[19yèm syèk la]]. Travay li, ki endepandan de [[enpresyonis]] franse a, mete ansanm yon konpozisyon rijid, obsèvasyon dirèk ak yon gwo eleman etik ak sosyal. Apwòch li mennen nan sa kritik yo rele ''filippinis'', yon mouvman natiralis Italyen modèn ak idantite pa li. Enfliyans Filippini te rive jiska devlopman penti Italyen an pita, e li te enspire atis tankou [[Umberto Boccioni]] pandan etap pre-fitiris li.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref><ref>G. Verzotti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo completo dei dipinti'', Edizioni Cantini, Florans, 1989.</ref> == Natiralis nan penti oksidantal : anviwon 1880-1920 == Dènyèman, mouvman natiralis la te distenge ak reyalis ak divès kouran penti nan 19yèm syèk la. Si reyalis, nan penti tankou nan literati, vize pou reyalite objektif, pita natiralis vle "repwodui lanati jan li ye". Pent natiralis yo chwazi dekri peyizan, travayè ak pòv yo ak klas mwayèn tou, nan vil ak nan peyi a, nan travay, nan repo, nan sosyete a, nan pratik relijye yo : yo gen plis chwa vize sou reyalite sosyal pase Gustave Courbet, ki poutan sèvi kòm yon referans pou yo. Pèsonalite [[Émile Zola]] te desizif nan chwa natiralis yo. Fòma yo pi gwo pase sa yo nan pent reyalis nan mitan 19yèm syèk la, Courbet, Jean-François Millet... Yo retounen nan fòmil Caravaggio a kote premye plan an prèske sou yon echèl youn a youn. Detay yo toujou dekri nan yon fason pou mete aksan sou pati enpòtan yo : figi fatige oswa kontan, men defòme pa travay oswa mens ak lis, objè chak jou make pa itilize. Koulè yo pafwa klè, souvan bwose, twal yo kenbe yon aspè pa fini : memwa nan penti enpresyonis. Yo sèvi ak konesans yo aprann nan lekòl Boza : se ka sa a pou Thomas Eakins, men tou pou Jules Bastien-Lepage, ki fòme pa Alexandre Cabanel ; Léon Charles Canniccioni, Jules-Alexis Muenier ak Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret, ki te fòme pa Jean-Léon Gérôme, li menm trè enterese nan itilizasyon fotografi kòm yon dokiman pou pent soti nan 1860. Tout moun pral fè plis oswa mwens itilize fotografi, kèk pral fè pwòp foto yo pou objektif sa a, ak asistans ki disponib nan sosyete fotografi yo ki te miltipliye menm nan pwovens yo pafwa anvan 1880, men sitou apre 1888, lè kamera Kodak te kreye. Lè sa a, enprime fotografi a ak anpil atansyon elaji, souvan pa metòd karo a, men konpozisyon an souvan mande pou chwazi (elimine sèten detay), fè priyorite (kèk moso tou senpleman trase pandan ke lòt yo byen detaye) ak montaj la nan plizyè pati yo pran nan plizyè foto se souvan solisyon ki pi pratik. Lè sa a, siksesivman yo sèvi avèk modèl yo, kote yo, bèt yo, akseswa yo pou anpil pwendevi ak yon lide nan yon sèl tablo. === Pent === ==== Almay ==== * Max Lieberman 1847-1935 ==== Bèljik ==== * Évariste Carpentier 1845-1922 * Louis Dubois 1830-1880 * Leon Frederic 1856-1940 * Charles de Groux 1825-1870 * Constantin Miller 1831-1905 ==== Dànmak ==== * Hans Anderson Brendekilde * Peder Severin Kroyer 1851-1909 ==== Espay ==== * Joaquin Sorolla ak Bastida 1863-1923 ==== Etazini ==== * Thomas Eakins 1844-1916 * Daniel Ridgway Knight 1839-1924 * Norman Rockwell 1894-1978 ==== Frans ==== [[Fichye:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Fin_du_travail_(The_End_of_the_Working_Day)_-_Jules_Breton.jpg|lien=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Fin_du_travail_%28The_End_of_the_Working_Day%29_-_Jules_Breton.jpg/220px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Fin_du_travail_%28The_End_of_the_Working_Day%29_-_Jules_Breton.jpg|thumb| Jules Breton, ''La Fin du travail'' (vè 1887), 84 × 120, [[Nouyòk]], Mize Brouklyn.]] [[Fichye:Bastien_Lepage_LAmour_au_Village_2.jpg|lien=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bastien_Lepage_LAmour_au_Village_2.jpg/220px-Bastien_Lepage_LAmour_au_Village_2.jpg|thumb| Jules Bastien-Lepage, ''L'Amour au villaje'' (1882)]] Kèk egzanp <ref>[[Prosper Marilhat]] (1811-1847), pent [[oryantalis]] te kapab montre yon atachman sèten nan restitisyon an nan peyizaj wè, li pa nesesèman fè pati natiralis. Li te pi pre [[Penti womantik#Frans|womantis franse]], touprè [[Eugène Delacroix]]</ref>: * Jules Adler 1865-1952 * Gaston Balandé 1880-1971 * Marie Bashkirtseff 1858-1884 * Jules Bastien-Lepage 1848-1884 * Bande noire * Henry Biva 1848-1929 * Jean-Eugene Buland 1852-1926 * Jules Breton 1827-1906 * Jean-Charles Cazin 1841-1901 * Charles Cottet 1863-1925 * Fernand Cormon 1845-1924 * Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret 1852-1929 * Julien Dupre 1851-1910 * Emile Friant 1863-1932 * Ferdinand Gueldry 1858-1945 * Jean-Paul Laurens 1838-1921 * Joseph-Fortuné-Séraphin Layraud 1834-1912 * Leon Lhermitte 1844-1925 * Berthe Mouchel 1864-1951 * Alphonse Moutte 1840-1913 * Fernand Pelez 1848-1913 * Jean-François Raffaëlli 1850-1924 * Jean-André Rixens 1846-1925 * Alfred Roll 1846-1919 * Lucien Simon 1861-1945 ==== Itali ==== * Telemaco Signorini, 1835-1901 ==== Olann ==== * George Hendrik Breitner 1857-1923 ==== Ongri ==== * Istvan Csok ==== Nòvèj ==== * Kretyen Krohg 1852-1925 * Gudmund Stenerson 1863-1934 ==== Pòtigal ==== * Jose Malhoa 1855-1933 * Henrique Pousao 1859-1884 * Antonio Carvalho da Silva Porto 1850-1893 * João Marques de Oliveira 1853-1927 ==== Risi ==== * Les Ambulants, pent ki aktif ant 1880 ak 1920 * Valentine Serov 1865-1911 ==== Swis ==== * Eugene Burnand 1850-1921 === Eskiltè === ==== Almay ==== * Bernhard Hoetger 1874-1949 ==== Bèljik ==== * 1831-1905 ==== Frans ==== * 1838-1902 ==== Swis ==== * Vincenzo Vela 1820-1891 <gallery mode="packed" heights="170" caption="Zèv natiralis"> Fichye:Les foins.jpg|[[Jules Bastien-Lepage]], ''Les Foins'' (1877), lwil sou twal, {{dunité|180|195|cm}}, [[Paris]], mize d'Orsay. Fichye:Alphonse Moutte Déchargement d'un brick à Marseille.jpg|[[Alphonse Moutte]], ''Déchargement d'un [[Brick (bateau)|brick]] à Marseille'' (1876), [[Masèy]], [[Chambre de commerce et d'industrie Marseille-Provence|Chambre de commerce]]. Fichye:Jean-Charles Cazin - L'arc en ciel.jpg|[[Jean-Charles Cazin]], ''L'Arc-en-ciel'' (1883), lwil sou twal, {{dunité|87|105.5|cm}}, [[Klevelann]], [[Cleveland Museum of Art]]. Fichye:Triptych of the Mine.jpg|[[Constantin Meunier]], ''La Mine'', triptik, lwil sou twal, [[Ixelles]], [[musée Meunier]]. Fichye:Lhermitte La Paye des moissonneurs.jpg|[[Léon Augustin Lhermitte]], ''La Paye des moissonneurs'' (1882), lwil sou twal, {{dunité|216|264|cm}}, [[Amstèdam]], [[mize van Gogh]]. Fichye:RaffaelliJF BohemesAuCafe.jpg|[[Jean-François Raffaëlli]], ''Bohèmes au café'' (1886), pastèl sou twal, {{dunité|55|44|cm}}, [[musée des beaux-arts de Bordeaux]]. Fichye:Toussaint 1888 800.jpg|[[Emile Friant]], ''La Toussaint'' (1888), lwil sou twal, {{dunité|254|334|cm}}, [[musée des beaux-arts de Nancy]]. Fichye:Jean-Eugène Buland - Propagande.jpg|[[Jean-Eugène Buland]], ''Propagande'' (1889), lwil sou twal, {{dunité|180.34|189.9|cm}}, [[Paris]], [[mize d'Orsay]]. Fichye:LaveuseNavets.jpg|[[Évariste Carpentier]], ''La Laveuse de navets'' (1890), [[musée des beaux-arts de Liège]]. Fichye:A Martyr or The Violette Merchant (c. 1885 - Fernand Pelez).jpg|[[Fernand Pelez]], ''Un Martyr'' ou ''Le Petit Marchand de violettes'' (1885), lwil sou twal, [[Pari]], [[Petit Palais]]. </gallery> == Gade tou == * Pitorèsk * Reyalis (penti) * Natiralis (La figiratif) == Nòt ak referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Mouvman atistik|Natiralis]] [[Kategori:Natiralis]] [[Kategori:Pwojè:Krepisaj Wikipedya]] 17nmk3qd83bnrjka2ryk8hqsey4nhw9 868380 868379 2025-07-06T02:54:37Z Mtarch11 23914 [[Special:Contributions/ 151.82.207.116 |) te revoke modifye yo 151.82.207.116 ]] ([[Itilizatè a: 151.82.207.116 |diskite]]) jiska dènye revizyon [[Itilizatè a: Steevandsteph | Steevandsteph ]] 866597 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:Alfred-Philippe_Roll_Milk.jpg|lien=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Alfred-Philippe_Roll_Milk.jpg/170px-Alfred-Philippe_Roll_Milk.jpg|thumb| Alfred Roll, ''Manda Lamétrie, fermière'' (1887), [[Pari]], Mize Orsay.]] '''Natiralis''' se yon mouvman atistik ki parèt nan dezyèm pati 19yèm syèk la, ki vize reprezante lanati jan li ye a, san okenn egzajerasyon oswa sènografi. Soti nan mouvman [[Reyalis (la)|Reyalis]] la ak nan opozisyon ak [[Womantis]], li te adopte teknik li yo pandan y ap konsantre sou yon reprezantasyon natif natal ak san yo pa senarize lanati<ref>Patricia Fride-Carrassat et Isabelle Marcadé, « Naturalisme », in: ''Les Mouvements dans la peinture'', Larousse, 2010, {{p.|76-78}}.</ref>. Tèm nan " natiralis " deziyen nan 19yèm syèk la, nan [[penti]] tankou nan [[literati]], yon [[mouvman atistik]] nan Loksidan an, apeprè ant 1880 ak 1900, swiv sou nan [[reyalis (penti)|reyalis]] imaj, ki te pran yon tan trè long konvenk kritik ak piblik la. Li pasyèlman repwodui karakteristik li yo. Li akòde, menm jan ak Gustave Courbet, enpòtans priyorite nan motif la, nan lanati jan li ye, nan monn peyizan an, olye ke nan sèn istorik, mitolojik oswa relijye fikse pa kanon akademik yo. Li pran yon pozisyon an favè pèp la ak monn travayè a, ki jiska lè sa a chape reprezantasyon. Mouvman sa a, ki make pa devlopman fotografi, [[medsen]], [[syans egzak|syans egzat]] yo, istwa sosyal, se pratik, nan fòm li, swa nan yon fason akademik, tankou sa ki nan Jean-Léon Gérôme, oswa prete sèten efè pentire nan enpresyonis, ki soti nan li tou eritye. Anpil nan mouvman natiralis la montre pèspektiv Darwinyen nan lavi ak kwayans nan initil efò imen an fas ak pisans a nan Lanati. == Natiralis nan penti oksidantal : anviwon 1880-1920 == Dènyèman, mouvman natiralis la te distenge ak reyalis ak divès kouran penti nan 19yèm syèk la. Si reyalis, nan penti tankou nan literati, vize pou reyalite objektif, pita natiralis vle "repwodui lanati jan li ye". Pent natiralis yo chwazi dekri peyizan, travayè ak pòv yo ak klas mwayèn tou, nan vil ak nan peyi a, nan travay, nan repo, nan sosyete a, nan pratik relijye yo : yo gen plis chwa vize sou reyalite sosyal pase Gustave Courbet, ki poutan sèvi kòm yon referans pou yo. Pèsonalite [[Émile Zola]] te desizif nan chwa natiralis yo. Fòma yo pi gwo pase sa yo nan pent reyalis nan mitan 19yèm syèk la, Courbet, Jean-François Millet... Yo retounen nan fòmil Caravaggio a kote premye plan an prèske sou yon echèl youn a youn. Detay yo toujou dekri nan yon fason pou mete aksan sou pati enpòtan yo : figi fatige oswa kontan, men defòme pa travay oswa mens ak lis, objè chak jou make pa itilize. Koulè yo pafwa klè, souvan bwose, twal yo kenbe yon aspè pa fini : memwa nan penti enpresyonis. Yo sèvi ak konesans yo aprann nan lekòl Boza : se ka sa a pou Thomas Eakins, men tou pou Jules Bastien-Lepage, ki fòme pa Alexandre Cabanel ; Léon Charles Canniccioni, Jules-Alexis Muenier ak Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret, ki te fòme pa Jean-Léon Gérôme, li menm trè enterese nan itilizasyon fotografi kòm yon dokiman pou pent soti nan 1860. Tout moun pral fè plis oswa mwens itilize fotografi, kèk pral fè pwòp foto yo pou objektif sa a, ak asistans ki disponib nan sosyete fotografi yo ki te miltipliye menm nan pwovens yo pafwa anvan 1880, men sitou apre 1888, lè kamera Kodak te kreye. Lè sa a, enprime fotografi a ak anpil atansyon elaji, souvan pa metòd karo a, men konpozisyon an souvan mande pou chwazi (elimine sèten detay), fè priyorite (kèk moso tou senpleman trase pandan ke lòt yo byen detaye) ak montaj la nan plizyè pati yo pran nan plizyè foto se souvan solisyon ki pi pratik. Lè sa a, siksesivman yo sèvi avèk modèl yo, kote yo, bèt yo, akseswa yo pou anpil pwendevi ak yon lide nan yon sèl tablo. === Pent === ==== Almay ==== * Max Lieberman 1847-1935 ==== Bèljik ==== * Évariste Carpentier 1845-1922 * Louis Dubois 1830-1880 * Leon Frederic 1856-1940 * Charles de Groux 1825-1870 * Constantin Miller 1831-1905 ==== Dànmak ==== * Hans Anderson Brendekilde * Peder Severin Kroyer 1851-1909 ==== Espay ==== * Joaquin Sorolla ak Bastida 1863-1923 ==== Etazini ==== * Thomas Eakins 1844-1916 * Daniel Ridgway Knight 1839-1924 * Norman Rockwell 1894-1978 ==== Frans ==== [[Fichye:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Fin_du_travail_(The_End_of_the_Working_Day)_-_Jules_Breton.jpg|lien=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Fin_du_travail_%28The_End_of_the_Working_Day%29_-_Jules_Breton.jpg/220px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Fin_du_travail_%28The_End_of_the_Working_Day%29_-_Jules_Breton.jpg|thumb| Jules Breton, ''La Fin du travail'' (vè 1887), 84 × 120, [[Nouyòk]], Mize Brouklyn.]] [[Fichye:Bastien_Lepage_LAmour_au_Village_2.jpg|lien=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bastien_Lepage_LAmour_au_Village_2.jpg/220px-Bastien_Lepage_LAmour_au_Village_2.jpg|thumb| Jules Bastien-Lepage, ''L'Amour au villaje'' (1882)]] Kèk egzanp <ref>[[Prosper Marilhat]] (1811-1847), pent [[oryantalis]] te kapab montre yon atachman sèten nan restitisyon an nan peyizaj wè, li pa nesesèman fè pati natiralis. Li te pi pre [[Penti womantik#Frans|womantis franse]], touprè [[Eugène Delacroix]]</ref>: * Jules Adler 1865-1952 * Gaston Balandé 1880-1971 * Marie Bashkirtseff 1858-1884 * Jules Bastien-Lepage 1848-1884 * Bande noire * Henry Biva 1848-1929 * Jean-Eugene Buland 1852-1926 * Jules Breton 1827-1906 * Jean-Charles Cazin 1841-1901 * Charles Cottet 1863-1925 * Fernand Cormon 1845-1924 * Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret 1852-1929 * Julien Dupre 1851-1910 * Emile Friant 1863-1932 * Ferdinand Gueldry 1858-1945 * Jean-Paul Laurens 1838-1921 * Joseph-Fortuné-Séraphin Layraud 1834-1912 * Leon Lhermitte 1844-1925 * Berthe Mouchel 1864-1951 * Alphonse Moutte 1840-1913 * Fernand Pelez 1848-1913 * Jean-François Raffaëlli 1850-1924 * Jean-André Rixens 1846-1925 * Alfred Roll 1846-1919 * Lucien Simon 1861-1945 ==== Itali ==== * Telemaco Signorini, 1835-1901 ==== Olann ==== * George Hendrik Breitner 1857-1923 ==== Ongri ==== * Istvan Csok ==== Nòvèj ==== * Kretyen Krohg 1852-1925 * Gudmund Stenerson 1863-1934 ==== Pòtigal ==== * Jose Malhoa 1855-1933 * Henrique Pousao 1859-1884 * Antonio Carvalho da Silva Porto 1850-1893 * João Marques de Oliveira 1853-1927 ==== Risi ==== * Les Ambulants, pent ki aktif ant 1880 ak 1920 * Valentine Serov 1865-1911 ==== Swis ==== * Eugene Burnand 1850-1921 === Eskiltè === ==== Almay ==== * Bernhard Hoetger 1874-1949 ==== Bèljik ==== * 1831-1905 ==== Frans ==== * 1838-1902 ==== Swis ==== * Vincenzo Vela 1820-1891 <gallery mode="packed" heights="170" caption="Zèv natiralis"> Fichye:Les foins.jpg|[[Jules Bastien-Lepage]], ''Les Foins'' (1877), lwil sou twal, {{dunité|180|195|cm}}, [[Paris]], mize d'Orsay. Fichye:Alphonse Moutte Déchargement d'un brick à Marseille.jpg|[[Alphonse Moutte]], ''Déchargement d'un [[Brick (bateau)|brick]] à Marseille'' (1876), [[Masèy]], [[Chambre de commerce et d'industrie Marseille-Provence|Chambre de commerce]]. Fichye:Jean-Charles Cazin - L'arc en ciel.jpg|[[Jean-Charles Cazin]], ''L'Arc-en-ciel'' (1883), lwil sou twal, {{dunité|87|105.5|cm}}, [[Klevelann]], [[Cleveland Museum of Art]]. Fichye:Triptych of the Mine.jpg|[[Constantin Meunier]], ''La Mine'', triptik, lwil sou twal, [[Ixelles]], [[musée Meunier]]. Fichye:Lhermitte La Paye des moissonneurs.jpg|[[Léon Augustin Lhermitte]], ''La Paye des moissonneurs'' (1882), lwil sou twal, {{dunité|216|264|cm}}, [[Amstèdam]], [[mize van Gogh]]. Fichye:RaffaelliJF BohemesAuCafe.jpg|[[Jean-François Raffaëlli]], ''Bohèmes au café'' (1886), pastèl sou twal, {{dunité|55|44|cm}}, [[musée des beaux-arts de Bordeaux]]. Fichye:Toussaint 1888 800.jpg|[[Emile Friant]], ''La Toussaint'' (1888), lwil sou twal, {{dunité|254|334|cm}}, [[musée des beaux-arts de Nancy]]. Fichye:Jean-Eugène Buland - Propagande.jpg|[[Jean-Eugène Buland]], ''Propagande'' (1889), lwil sou twal, {{dunité|180.34|189.9|cm}}, [[Paris]], [[mize d'Orsay]]. Fichye:LaveuseNavets.jpg|[[Évariste Carpentier]], ''La Laveuse de navets'' (1890), [[musée des beaux-arts de Liège]]. Fichye:A Martyr or The Violette Merchant (c. 1885 - Fernand Pelez).jpg|[[Fernand Pelez]], ''Un Martyr'' ou ''Le Petit Marchand de violettes'' (1885), lwil sou twal, [[Pari]], [[Petit Palais]]. </gallery> == Gade tou == * Pitorèsk * Reyalis (penti) * Natiralis (La figiratif) == Nòt ak referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Mouvman atistik|Natiralis]] [[Kategori:Natiralis]] [[Kategori:Pwojè:Krepisaj Wikipedya]] n4pg8kuogg5udqzerckiagoxjwdli8a 0 90583 868377 864086 2025-07-05T16:24:22Z 46.147.63.119 868377 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Seal of the President of the United States.svg|vignette|[[So prezidan Etazini]]]] [[File:Flag of the President of the United States.svg|vignette|[[Drapo Etazini]]]] '''Prezidan Etazini nan Amerik''' (nan {{lang-en|''President of the United States of America''}}, pafwa abreje pa [[akwonim|akwonim]] ''' POTUS'''<ref>{{Atik |lang=nan |premye1=William |ti non1=Safire |otè lyen1=William Safire |tit=Sou lang; Potus ak Flotus |periodik=[[The New York Times]] |jou=12 |mwa=Oktòb |ane=1997 |li sou entènèt=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9805E6DC1F3DF931A25753C1A961958260}}. Nan Laten, ''potus'' vle di "yon sèl la". ki moun ki bwè, ki moun ki sou.”</ref> oswa '''PUS'''<ref>{{Liv |language=nan |premye non1=Kongrè Etazini |name1=Sena |tit=Journal Sena a. Etazini nan Amerik |piblikatè=Biwo Enpresyon Gouvènman Etazini |dat=1810-01-01 |isbn= |li sou entènèt=https://books.google.fr/books?id=BoguAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA280&dq=president+of+the +us+%22the+pus%22 |accessed on=2016-12-03}}.</ref>) se [[Tèf Eta|chèf Eta]] ak [[Tèf Gouvènman|Gouvènman an ]] nan [[Etazini]] kòm chèf [[branch egzekitif la]], pouvwa [[Konstitisyon Etazini]] bay ansanm ak [[Lejislati|branch lejislatif]] ak [[ Branch Jidisyè a. [[Gouvènman Federal Etazini|gouvènman federal]]. Dapre Konstitisyon an, li se kòmandan an chèf tou [[Fòs Lame Etazini|fòs lame]]. Prezidan aktyèl Etazini an se [[Donald Trump]] depi {{dat-|20 janvye 2025}}. Peyi a se yon [[repiblik]] ki gen [[gouvènman prezidansyèl]] ak [[eta federal]], ak yon sistèm chèk ak balans konplèks ("{{lang|en|checks and balances}}") ki vize pou asire balans twa pouvwa yo. Se konsa prezidan an chwazi kandida pou pòs nan gouvènman ki manm [[Kabinè (Etazini)|kabinè]] (egzekitif) oswa ki pa nan men nominasyon yo depann de [[Sena Etazini|Sena a]] (lejislatif ) . Menm bagay la tou aplike pou [[Jis Evalyatè Kou Siprèm Etazini|jij]] nan [[Tribinal Siprèm Etazini|Tribinal Siprèm]] (jidisyè). Okontrè, [[Kongrè Etazini|Kongrè a]] (lejislatif) gen dwa pou opozisyon (de tyè majorite [[Chanm Reprezantan Etazini|Chanm Reprezantan]] ak Sena a) pou yon veto pa prezidan an. . Li kapab tou inisye pwosedi pou demisyone (“[[impeachment (United States)|impeachment]]”) prezidan an. Tribinal Siprèm (jidisyè) ka deklare yon lwa prezidan oswa Chanm Reprezantan an pwopoze pa konstitisyonèl. Prezidan an eli chak kat ane an menm tan ak [[Vis-Prezidan Etazini|vis-prezidan]] (jeneralman nan fen ane kwasans) pa vòt inivèsèl endirèk. Manda li a kòmanse [[20 janvye]] ane annapre a epi li dire kat ane (anvan 1937, manda prezidansyèl la te kòmanse {{dat-|4 mas}}). Li ka sèlman kandida pou yon dezyèm manda. == Istwa == [[File:Gilbert Stuart Williamstown Portrait of George Washington.jpg|left|thumbnail|[[George Washington]], premye prezidan [[Etazini]].]] Kòm premye prezidan nasyon an, George Washington te etabli anpil estanda ki ta vin defini biwo a<ref>{{atik|url=https://millercenter.org/president/washington/life-in-brief|title= George Washington: Life in Brief|ti non=Steven|premye non=Knott|dat=4 oktòb 2016|periodical=Miller Center|accessed=14 septanm 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/ 20180205001103/https://millercenter.org/president/washington/life-in-brief|archive-date=5 fevriye 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{ web link|non1=Mary |ti non1=Stockwell |tit=Presedans Prezidansyèl |url=https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/presidential-precedents/ |piblikatè=Mount Vernon, Washington Bibliyotèk , Center for Digital History |accessed=14 septanm 2020}}</ref>. Desizyon li te pran retrèt apre de manda te ede soulaje laperèz ke nasyon an t ap transfòme nan yon monachi<ref>{{atik|ti non1=Spalding|premye non1=Matthew|title=Nonm ki pa ta wa a|url= https:/ /www.heritage.org/commentary/the-man-who-would-not-be-king|accessed=14 septanm 2020|periodical=The Heritage Foundation|dat=5 fevriye 2007}}</ref>, epi tabli yon presedan ki pa ta kase jiskaske 1940 epi finalman ta vin pèmanan pa [[Vendezyèm Amannman nan Konstitisyon Etazini an|Vendezyèm Amannman]]. Nan fen prezidans li a, pati politik yo te devlope<ref>{{atik|pase1=Santiman|premye non1=John|title=Kijan rivalite ant Thomas Jefferson ak Alexander Hamilton te chanje istwa|url=https://time . com/4210440/jefferson-hamilton-excerpt/|accessed=14 septanm 2020|periodical=Time|dat=15 fevriye 2016}}</ref>, ak [[John Adams (statesman)|John Adams ]] defèt [[Thomas Jefferson]] an 1796, premye eleksyon prezidansyèl ki vrèman konteste<ref>{{atik|name1=NCC staff|title=Nan Jou sa a: Premye ti jan an.ter, eleksyon prezidansyèl konteste dewoule|url=https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/on-this-day-the-first-bitter-contested-presidential-election-takes-place|accessed on=14 septanm 2020| peryodik =National Constitution Center|dat=4 novanm 2019}}</ref>. Apre Jefferson te bat Adams an 1800, li menm ak parèy Vijinyen [[James Madison]] ak [[James Monroe]] chak ta sèvi de tèm, finalman domine politik nasyon an pandan Epòk Bon Sentiman yo jiskaske pitit gason Adams la, John Quincy Adams, te genyen eleksyon an nan 1824 apre pati Demokratik-Repibliken an divize. Eleksyon [[Andrew Jackson]] an 1828 se te yon etap enpòtan, paske Jackson pa t fè pati elit Vijini ak Massachusetts ki te kenbe prezidans la pandan 40 premye ane li yo<ref>{{atik |ti non1=Walsh|premye. name1=Kenneth|title=Eleksyon ki pi konsekans nan listwa: Andrew Jackson ak eleksyon 1828 la|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/08/20/the- most-consequential-elections -in-history-andrew-jackson-and-the-election-of-1828|accessed on=14 septanm 2020|periodical=U.S. News & World Report|dat=20 out 2008}}</ref>. Demokrasi jacksonyen t ap chèche ranfòse prezidans lan sou depans Kongrè a, pandan y ap ogmante patisipasyon piblik la pandan nasyon an te elaji rapidman nan direksyon lwès. Sepandan, siksesè li a, Martin Van Buren, te vin pa popilè apre panik 1837 la<ref>{{atik|ti non1=Bomboy|premye non1=Scott|title=Eritaj Martin Van Buren a: Politisyen ekspè, prezidan medyok|url=https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/martin-van-burens-legacy-was-more-than-just-muttonchops-2/|accessed on=14 septanm 2020|periodical=National Constitution Center|dat=5 desanm 2017} }</ref>, ak lanmò [[William Henry Harrison]] ak relasyon pòv ki vin apre ant John Tyler ak Kongrè a te mennen nan yon lòt febli biwo a<ref>{{web link|firstname1=William |lastname1= Freehling | title=John Tyler: Impact and Legacy |url=https://millercenter.org/president/tyler/impact-and-legacy |website=University of Virginia, Miller Center |dat=4 oktòb 2016 |accessed= 14 septanm, 2020}}</ref>. Van Buren enkli, nan 24 ane ki genyen ant 1837 ak 1861, sis manda prezidansyèl t ap ranpli pa uit gason diferan, san okenn moun pa t genyen re-eleksyon<ref>{{atik|ti non1=McNamara|prenon1=Robert|title=Sèt. Prezidan ki te sèvi nan 20 ane anvan Lagè Sivil la|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/presidents-before-the-civil-war-1773447|accessed=14 septanm 2020|periodical=ThoughtCo|date=3 jiyè , 2019}}</ref>. Sena a te jwe yon wòl enpòtan pandan peryòd sa a, avèk Gran Triyonvirat [[Henry Clay]], [[Daniel Webster]], ak [[John C. Calhoun]] te jwe yon wòl kle nan fòme politik nasyonal la nan ane 1830 yo. ak ane 1840 yo jiskaske deba sou esklavaj yo te kòmanse dechire nasyon an apa nan ane 1850 yo<ref>{{web link|prenon1=David |ti non1=Heidler |premye2=Jeanne |ti non2= Heidler |tit=Gran triyonvirat |url =https://www.essentialcivilwarcurriculum.com/the-great-triumvirate.html |website=Essential Civil War Curriculum |accessed=14 septanm 2020}}</ref>{{, }}<ref>{{atik| siyati1=Winters|prenon1=Michael Sean|title='Pa fè konfyans nan prens': limit politik yo|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/politics/do -not-trust-princes- limits-politics|accessed on=14 septanm 2020|periyodik=National Catholic Reporter|dat=4 out 2017}}</ref>. Lidèchip Abraham Lincoln pandan Gè Sivil la te mennen istoryen yo konsidere l kòm youn nan pi gwo prezidan nasyon an. Li te re-eli an 1864, sa ki fè l 'premye prezidan ki te eli pou yon dezyèm manda depi Jackson an 1832<ref>{{atik|styname1=Williams|premye non1=Frank|title=Lincoln's War Powers: Part Constitution, Part Trust| url=https://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/lincolns_war_powers_part_constitution_part_trust|accessed=14 septanm 2020|periodical=American Bar Association|dat=1 avril 2011}}</ref>{{,} <ref >{{atik|ti non1=Weber|premye non1=Jennifer|title=Èske Lincoln te yon tiran?|url=https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/03/25/was-lincoln- a-tyran/| jwenn aksè nan=14 septanm 2020|periodik=New York Times Opinionator|dat=25 mas 2013}}</ref>. Apre asasina Lincoln, siksesè li a [[Andrew Johnson]] te pèdi tout sipò politik e li te prèske retire li nan biwo, ak Kongrè a te rete pwisan pandan de manda prezidans jeneral Lagè Sivil la [[Ulysses S. Grant]]<ref>{ {web link|firstname1=Elizabeth |lastname1=Varon |title=Andrew Johnson: Kanpay ak Eleksyon |url=https://millercenter.org/president/johnson/campaigns-and-elections |sit entènèt =University of Virginia, Miller Center | dat=4 oktòb 2016 |accessed on=14 septanm 2020}}</ref>. Apre Rekonstriksyon an te fini, [[Grover Cleveland]] ta finalman vin premye prezidan Demokratik ki te eli depi anvan lagè a, li te patisipe nan twa eleksyon youn apre lòt (1884, 1888, 1892) epi li te genyen de fwa. An 1900, [[William McKinley]] te vin premye moun ki te re-eli depi Grant an 1872<ref>{{atik|name1=NCC Staff|title=Nonm ki gen vòt pou defitasyon an te sove Andrew Johnson|url=https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/the-man-whose-impeachment-vote-saved-andrew-johnson|accessed=14 septanm 2020|periodical=National Constitution Center|dat=16 me 2020}}</ref>. Apre asasina McKinley a, [[Theodore Roosevelt]] te vin tounen yon figi dominan nan politik Ameriken<ref>{{atik|name1=Boissoneault|firstname1=Lorraine|title=The Debat.e Dekrè Egzekitif yo te kòmanse avèk Pasyon Fou Teddy Roosevelt pou Konsèvasyon|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-theodore-roosevelts-executive-orders-reshaped-countryand-presidency-180962908/|accessed on=14 Septanm 2020|peryodik=Smithsonian Magazine (sit entènèt)|dat=17 avril 2017}}</ref>. Istoryen yo kwè ke Roosevelt te chanje sistèm politik la pou tout tan nan ranfòse prezidans la, ak kèk reyalizasyon kle tankou kraze konfyans, konsèvatis, refòm travay, fè karaktè pèsonèl enpòtan menm jan ak pwoblèm, epi chwazi siksesè li, William Howard Taft<ref>{{atik |siyati1=Posner|premye non1=Eric|title=Inevitab prezidans enperyal la|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/political-bookworm/post/the-inevitability-of-the-imperial- presidency/2011/04/22/AFTRBoPE_blog.html|accessed on=12 septanm 2020|journal=[[The Washington Post]]|dat=04/22/2011}}</ref> . Deseni ki vin apre a, [[Woodrow Wilson]] te mennen nasyon an nan viktwa nan [[Premye Gè Mondyal la]], byenke Sena a te rejte pwopozisyon Wilson pou Lig Nasyon yo<ref>{{atik |pase non1=Glass|premye name1=Andrew|title=Sena a rejte Lig Nasyon yo, 19 novanm 2019|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/11/senate-rejects-league-of-nations -nov-19- 1919-113006|accessed on=14 septanm 2020|periodical=Politico|dat=19 novanm 2014}}</ref>. Warren Harding, byenke popilè nan biwo a, ta wè eritaj li te sal pa eskandal, patikilyèman Teapot Dome<ref>{{atik|name1=Robenalt|firstname1=James|title=Si nou pa te tèlman obsede ak lavi sèks Warren G. Harding la. , nou ta reyalize li te yon trè bon prezidan|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/08/13/if-we-werent-so-obsessed-with-warren-g-hardings-sex-life-wed-realize-he-was-a-pretty-good-president/|accessed=14 septanm 2020|journal=[[The Washington Post]]|dat=13 out 2015}} </ref>, ak [[Herbert Hoover]] byen vit te vin trè enpopilè apre li pa t soulaje [[Gwo Depresyon an]]<ref>{{atik|firstname1=Richard Norton|lastname1=Smith|firstname2=Timothy|styname2= Walch|title =The Ordeal of Herbert Hoover|journal=Prologue Magazine|volume=36|number=2|periodical=National Archives|dat=Ete 2004|url=https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2004/summer/hoover-1.html}}.</ref>. == Eleksyon == {{Atik detaye|Eleksyon prezidansyèl Ameriken|Lis prezidan Etazini|Prezidan eli Etazini}} [[File:Four Presidents toasting in the White House Blue Room.jpg|thumb|Foto te pran nan {{date-|8 oktòb 1981}} Prezidan [[Ronald Reagan]], lè sa a nan biwo, k ap resevwa predesesè li yo [[ Richard Nixon]], [[Gerald Ford]] ak [[Jimmy Carter]].]] [[File:Five Presidents 2009.jpg|thumb|Foto te pran nan {{date-|7 janvye 2009}} senk prezidan: [[George H. W. Bush]], [[Barack Obama]] (prezidan eli), [[ George W. Bush]], [[Bill Clinton]] ak [[Jimmy Carter]].]] [[File:Barack Obama, Donald Trump, Joe Biden at Inauguration 01-20-17.jpg|thumb|[[Barack Obama]] ak [[Joe Biden]] ansanm ak [[Donald Trump]] pandan [[Inogirasyon li a] Donald Trump|inogirasyon]].]] === Elijiblite === Konstitisyon Ameriken an mande pou kandida prezidansyèl la<ref>[http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/dossiers/election-presidentielle-americaine-2008/constitution-americaine.shtml Konstitisyon Ameriken], ''La documentation française'' .</ref>: * se yon sitwayen ameriken ki fèt; * gen omwen 35 ane; * se yon rezidan pèmanan Ozetazini pou katòz dènye ane yo. Yon moun pa kapab yon kandida si: * li te deja sèvi de manda ([[Venndezyèm amannman nan Konstitisyon Etazini|{{XXIIyèm}} amannman]]); * li te sib yon [[impeachment (Etazini)|impeachment]] pwosedi ki te fèt jiska konklizyon li epi ki te konkli ak yon revokasyon Sena a te vote nan fen pwosè a; * li te fè sèman pou l defann Konstitisyon an e answit li te revòlte kont Etazini. === Kondisyon eleksyon === Prezidan Etazini an eli pa vòt inivèsèl "endirèk" : votè yo pa vote pou prezidan an, men pou yon gwo elektè. Se [[Kolèj Elektoral Etazini|Kolèj Elektoral]], ki fòme ak tout elektè yo (''{{lang|en|Electoral College}}''), ki eli prezidan an ak [[Vis- Prezidan Etazini|vis-prezidan]] ki ansanm fòme yon "ticket". Nou dwe sonje ke Etazini se yon federasyon eta: se [[Trèz Koloni|{{nimewo|13|Eta}}]] ki te ini an 1776, epi [[Papa Fondatè Etazini yo|fondatè. zansèt yo]] t ap chèche asire yon balans ant egalite tout Eta yo ant yo ak yon pwa Eta yo pwopòsyonèl ak popilasyon yo. Nan Kongrè a, yo te reyalize konpwomi sa a lè yo te gen yon [[Chanm Reprezantan Etazini]] (''{{lang|en|Chambre Reprezantan}}'') kote chak eta gen reprezantan nan pworata pa popilasyon ak yon [ [Sena Etazini|Sena]] kote chak eta gen de senatè, kèlkeswa popilasyon li. Pou kenbe lespri balans sa a ant egalite Eta yo ak egalite sitwayen yo, papa fondatè yo te imajine sistèm vòt endirèk sa a. Chak eta gen dwa a de elektè plis yon sèten kantite pwopòsyon ak popilasyon an nan eta a. Teritwa, tankou [[Washington (District of Columbia)|Washington, D.C.]], gen dwa tou pou yon sèten kantite elektè. Sèt eta ki gen mwens popilasyon yo {{gen ladan|[[Alaska]], [[Dakota Nò]], [[Dakota Sid]], [[Delaware]], [[Montana]], [[Vermont]] ak [[Wyoming ]]}} yo sèlman gen dwa pou twa elektè (minimòm nan) alòske plis moun nan, [[California]], gen dwa pou 55 elektè. Pratik ki rele ''{{lang|en|winner-take-all}}'' ("Ganyan an pran tout") vle di ke vòt yo nan yon eta yo dwe ale nèt nan kandida ki te resevwa plis vòt nan eta sa a. An 2000, kandida demokrat [[Al Gore]] te resevwa plis vòt pase advèsè repibliken li a [[George W. Bush]]. An tèm de kantite vòt nan gwo kolèj la, Bush te manke {{nombre|25|vòt}} pou yo te eli e Gore te sèlman yon vòt kout, pandan tout moun t ap tann rezilta yo nan Florid. Gore te genyen gwo eta yo (California, New York) pa yon majorite konfòtab (Texas te ale nan Bush) men Florid, ak 25 gwo votè li yo nan balans lan, te genyen pa Bush ak yon ti majorite (anviwon {{ nobr|500| vòt}}) nan yon atmosfè gwo konfizyon (machin pou vote pa trè serye, sispann konte manyèl vòt sou lòd gouvènè eta a, frè Bush la). ''Anfen'', {{nimewo|25|vòt}} yo te ale nan men Bush ki te genyen eleksyon an ak yon majorite vòt nan kolèj elektoral la. Nan lane 2004, yon lòt bò, re-eleksyon Bush la te lakòz pi gwo kantite vòt popilè nan listwa elektoral Ameriken<ref>[http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/amerique/bush-maitre- incontrolable-. du-monde_487988.html ''Bush incontrolable master of the world''] pa Philippe Coste, ''[[L'Express]]'', 8 novanm 2004.</ref> ak konfime yon polarizasyon ekstrèm nan kat elektoral la.e nan peyi a dapre koulè yo nan eta yo. An 2008, viktwa [[Barack Obama]] te konsidere kòm yon evènman istorik: li te premye ras melanje [[Afriken-Ameriken|Afriken-Ameriken]] ki te vin prezidan Etazini. An 2012, Barack Obama te re-eli menm anvan li te jwenn rezilta eleksyon an nan Florid. Li te genyen 11 ''{{lang|en|texte=[[swing state]]s}}'', konpare ak youn sèlman pou kandida Repibliken an [[Mitt Romney]]. An 2016, [[Donald Trump]] ranpòte kont favori nan sondaj la [[Hillary Clinton]], malgre li te genyen yon majorite nan vòt popilè a. === Posib eleksyon prezidan an pa Chanm nan === Si pa gen okenn kandida prezidansyèl ki resevwa majorite absoli nan vòt yo (270 an 2008), [[Chanm Reprezantan Etazini|Chanm Reprezantan an]] reyini imedyatman an seyans pou eli prezidan an pandan ke [[Sena Etazini|Sena a ]] eli [[Vis Prezidan Etazini|vis prezidan]]<ref>[[Douzyèm Amannman nan Konstitisyon Etazini]], [https://mjp.univ -perp.fr/constit/us1787a .htm].</ref>. Nan ka sa a, reprezantan yo ka chwazi sèlman nan twa kandida ki te resevwa plis vòt yo. Chak delegasyon eta a gen yon sèl vòt, ki deside pa yon majorite (yon delegasyon parfe divize yo konsidere kòm absteni nan vote). Anplis de sa, delegasyon ki soti nan omwen de tyè nan tout eta yo dwe prezan pou vòt la fèt. Pou yo ka eli, yon kandida dwe resevwa yon majorite absoli nan vòt eta a (aktyèlman, 26). Si yo pa jwenn majorite, chanm lan pran yon dezyèm vòt epi kontinye jiskaske yo eli yon kandida. Yon sitiyasyon konsa gen plis chans rive lè plis pase de kandida resevwa vòt elektoral, men li ka rive tou si de kandida yo chak resevwa {{nimewo|269|vòt}}. Jiska prezan, Chanm Reprezantan an te eli prezidan an nan de okazyon: nan [[eleksyon prezidansyèl Etazini nan 1800|1801]] ak nan [[eleksyon prezidansyèl Etazini nan 1824|1825]]. == Siksesyon ak prezidans pwovizwa == {{Atik detaye|Lòd siksesyon prezidansyèl Etazini|}} Dapre Vennsenkyèm Amannman nan Konstitisyon Etazini an, nan ka lanmò, demisyon, demisyone, oswa retire nan biwo a ([[ Impeachment (Etazini)|''impeachment'']]), se [[vis la. -prezidan Etazini]] ki nan premye pozisyon pou pran pozisyon nan pwovizwa a oswa, kote sa aplikab, reyisi prezidan an epi konplete manda aktyèl la. Nan ka enkapasite nan vis-prezidan an, siksesyon an fèt dapre yon lòd pre-etabli. == Pouvwa == [[File:WhiteHouseSouthFacade.JPG|thumb|[[Mezon Blan]], nan [[Washington (District Columbia)|Washington]].]] === Chèf Leta === Prezidan an, chèf leta, se senbòl inite [[nasyon an]]. Li asire kontinwite ak pèmanans [[Leta]]. Pratik ''{{lang|en|[[lame duck]]}}'' (prezidan sortan an rete nan fonksyon pandan prezidan ki fèk eli a òganize arive sou pouvwa a) ale nan direksyon sa. Finalman, prezidan an prete sèman "pou pwoteje, pwoteje ak defann Konstitisyon an"<ref>{{Liv |nom1=Bacharan, Nicole. |title=Èske nou ta dwe pè Amerik |pasaj=209 |piblikatè=Seuil |dat=2005 |isbn=2-02-079950-2 |isbn2=978-2-02-079950-8 |oclc=300925016 |li sou entènèt =https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/300925016 |accessed on=2020-11-08}}</ref>. === Nan tèt diplomasi Ameriken === Kòm chèf leta, prezidan an dirije [[Politik etranjè Etazini|diplomasi Ameriken]]. San dout [[Harry S. Truman|Truman]] te ale twò lwen lè li te di "ke li te fè politik etranjè", men se vre ke Konstitisyon an atribiye yon sèten kantite pouvwa a prezidan an, konfere sou li wòl nan " diplomat siprèm” (“{{lang|en|Chief Diplomat}}”). Li se, nan lòt mo, reprezantan nasyon an aletranje. === Senbòl inite nasyonal === [[File:Flag of the President of the United States.svg|thumbnail|Drapo Prezidan Etazini.]] Prezidan an se senbòl inite peyi a ak vwa inik li, nan de fason: tou de anndan an (wòl prezidan an pandan gwo trajedi nasyonal la se desizif) ak deyò. Kidonk, dènye vizit Prezidan [[George W. Bush]] nan Ewòp te, chak fwa, te pwovoke anpil espekilasyon sou eta relasyon transatlantik yo. Senbòl ki tache ak figi prezidansyèl la patikilyèman fò; pou sa li sifi pou wè pwa ansyen prezidan yo nan diplomasi Ameriken an, jan yo ateste pa plizyè fonksyon prezidan [[Jimmy Carter]] te okipe (deyò {{incise|kidonk [[Nobel Prize ]]}} li kòm anndan an, lè li te prezide yon komisyon sou eleksyon prezidansyèl an 2004-2005), oswa tandem [[George H. W. Bush|Bush-pather]]/[[Bill Clinton|Clinton] ] te fòme apre [[tranbleman tè ak tsunami nan Oseyan Endyen an 2004 la| tranblemanntè 26 desanm 2004]] nan Sidès Lazi. {| class="wikitable" |+Prezidan Etazin ![[Fichye:Gilbert Stuart Williamstown Portrait of George Washington.jpg|vignette]]1 !George Washington !30 avril 1789 !4 mas 1797 |- |[[Fichye:Gilbert Stuart, John Adams, c. 1800-1815, NGA 42933.jpg|vignette]]2 |John Adams |4 mas 1797 |4 mas 1801 |- |[[Fichye:Official Presidential portrait of Thomas Jefferson (by Rembrandt Peale, 1800).jpg|vignette]]3 |Thomas Jefferson |4 mas 1801 |4 mas 1809 |- |[[Fichye:James Madison.jpg|vignette]]4 |James Madison |4 mas 1809 | * 4 mas 1817 |- |[[Fichye:James Monroe White House portrait 1819.jpg|vignette]]5 |James Monroe |4 mas 1817 |4 mas 1825 |- |[[Fichye:John Q. Adams-edit.jpg|vignette]]6 |John Quincy Adams |4 mas 1825 |4 mas 1829 |- |[[Fichye:Andrew Jackson Daguerrotype-crop.jpg|vignette]]7 |Andrew Jackson |4 mas 1829 |4 mas 1837 |- |[[Fichye:Martin Van Buren by Mathew Brady c1855-58.jpg|vignette]]8 |Martin Van Buren |4 mas 1837 |4 mas 1841 |- |[[Fichye:William Henry Harrison.jpg|vignette]]9 |William Henry Harrison |4 mas 1841 |4 avril 1841 |- |[[Fichye:10 John Tyler 3x4.jpg|vignette]]10 |John Tyler |4 avril 1841 |4 mas 1845 |- |[[Fichye:James Knox Polk by GPA Healy, 1858 (cropped).jpg|vignette]]11 |James K. Polk |4 mas 1845 |4 mas 1849 |- |[[Fichye:Zachary Taylor restored and cropped.png|vignette]]12 |Zachary Taylor |4 mas 1849 |9 jiyè 1850 |- |[[Fichye:Millard Fillmore.jpg|vignette]]13 |Millard Fillmore |9 jiyè 1850 |4 mas 1853 |- |[[Fichye:Mathew Brady - Franklin Pierce - alternate crop.jpg|vignette]]14 |Franklin Pierce |4 mas 1853 |4 mas 1857 |- |[[Fichye:James Buchanan (cropped).jpg|vignette]]15 |James Buchanan |4 mas 1857 |4 mas 1861 |- |[[Fichye:Abraham Lincoln O-77 by Gardner, 1863.jpg|vignette]]16 |Abraham Lincoln |4 mas 1861 |15 avril 1865 |- |[[Fichye:President Andrew Johnson.jpg|vignette]]17 |Andrew Johnson |15 avril 1865 |4 mas 1869 |- |[[Fichye:Ulysses S. Grant 1870-1880.jpg|vignette]]18 |Ulysses S. Grant |4 mas 1869 |4 mas 1877 |- |[[Fichye:President Rutherford Hayes 1870 - 1880 Restored.jpg|vignette]]19 |Rutherford B. Hayes |4 mas 1877 |4 mas 1881 |- |[[Fichye:James Abram Garfield, photo portrait seated.jpg|vignette]]20 |James A. Garfield |4 mas 1881 | 19 septanm 1881 |- |[[Fichye:Chester Arthur.jpg|vignette]]21 |Chester A. Arthur |19 septanm 1881 |4 mas 1885 |- |[[Fichye:President Grover Cleveland edited-1a.jpg|vignette]]22 |Grover Cleveland |4 mas 1885 |4 mas 1889 |- |[[Fichye:Pach Brothers - Benjamin Harrison.jpg|vignette]]23 |Benjamin Harrison |4 mas 1889 |4 mas 1893 |- |[[Fichye:Grover-cleveland-1910.jpg|vignette]]24 |Grover Cleveland |4 mas 1893 |4 mas 1897 |- |[[Fichye:William McKinley by Courtney Art Studio, 1896.jpg|vignette]]25 |William McKinley |4 mas 1897 |14 septanm 1901 |- |[[Fichye:President Theodore Roosevelt, 1904.jpg|vignette]]26 |Theodore Roosevelt |14 septanm 1901 |4 mas 1909 |- |[[Fichye:Cabinet card of William Howard Taft by Pach Brothers - Cropped to image.jpg|vignette]]27 |William Howard Taft |4 mas 1909 |4 mas 1913 |- |[[Fichye:Thomas Woodrow Wilson, Harris & Ewing bw photo portrait, 1919.jpg|vignette]]28 |Woodrow Wilson |4 mas 1913 |4 mas 1921 |- |[[Fichye:Warren G Harding-Harris & Ewing.jpg|vignette]]29 |Warren G. Harding |4 mas 1921 |2 out 1923 |- |[[Fichye:Calvin-coolidge-l.jpg|vignette]]30 |Calvin Coolidge |2 out 1923 |4 mas 1929 |- |[[Fichye:President Hoover portrait.jpg|vignette]]31 |Herbert Hoover |4 mas 1929 |4 mas 1933 |- |[[Fichye:FDR 1944 Color Portrait (cropped)(b).jpg|vignette]]32 |Franklin D. Roosevelt |4 mas 1933 |12 avril 1945 |- |[[Fichye:HarryTruman.jpg|vignette]]33 |Harry S. Truman |12 avril 1945 |20 janvye 1953 |- |[[Fichye:Dwight D. Eisenhower, official photo portrait, May 29, 1959.jpg|vignette]]34 |Dwight D. Eisenhower |20 janvye 1953 |20 janvye 1961 |- |[[Fichye:John F. Kennedy, White House color photo portrait.jpg|vignette]]35 |John F. Kennedy |20 janvye 1961 |22 novanm 1963 |- |[[Fichye:Lyndon B. Johnson, photo portrait, leaning on chair, color cropped.jpg|vignette]]36 |Lyndon B. Johnson |22 novanm 1963 |20 janvye 1969 |- |[[Fichye:Richard Nixon presidential portrait (1).jpg|vignette]]37 |Richard Nixon |20 janvye 1969 |9 out 1974 |- |[[Fichye:Gerald Ford, official Presidential photo.jpg|vignette]]38 |Gerald Ford |9 out 1974 |20 janvye 1977 |- |[[Fichye:Jimmy Carter, official portrait.jpg|vignette]]39 |Jimmy Carter |20 janvye 1977 |20 janvye 1981 |- |[[Fichye:Ronald Reagan 1985 presidential portrait.jpg|vignette]]40 |Ronald Reagan |20 janvye 1981 |20 janvye 1989 |- |[[Fichye:George H. W. Bush presidential portrait (cropped).jpg|vignette]]41 |George H. W. Bush |20 janvye 1989 |20 janvye 1993 |- |[[Fichye:Bill Clinton.jpg|vignette]]42 |Bill Clinton |20 janvye 1993 |20 janvye 2001 |- |[[Fichye:George-W-Bush.jpeg|vignette]]43 |George W. Bush |20 janvye 2001 |20 janvye 2009 |- |[[Fichye:Official portrait of Barack Obama.jpg|vignette]]44 |Barack Obama |20 janvye 2009 |20 janvye 2017 |- |[[Fichye:Donald Trump official portrait.jpg|vignette]]45 |Donald Trump |20 janvye 2017 |20 janvye 2021 |- |[[Fichye:Joe Biden presidential portrait.jpg|vignette]]46 |Joe Biden |20 janvye 2021 |20 janvye 2025 |- |[[Fichye:President-elect Donald Trump, Wednesday, November 13, 2024, on the South Portico of the White House (cropped).jpg|vignette]]47 |Donald Trump |20 janvye 2025 |nan biwo |} === Rekonesans eta === Prezidan an nonmen [[anbasadè]] yo ak lòt reprezantan Leta, epi li resevwa diplomat ki akredite yo. Prezidan te konsidere ke dènye dispozisyon sa a te ba yo pouvwa pou rekonèt eta etranje yo. Pandan ke yo respekte [[paralelis fòm yo]], prezidan an donk lojikman gen pouvwa pou mete fen nan relasyon diplomatik ak yon eta, menm jan ak [[Kiba]], [[Iran]] ak [[Lend]] . Li kapab tou limite a [[Sonje yon anbasadè|sonje yon anbasadè]], pou make yon dezakò. Senbolis yon jès konsa fò, e poutan, nan domèn sa a, Sena a pa gen lòt pouvwa pase sa pou l andose chwa anbasadè a. === Pouvwa pou negosye trete === Prezidan an gen pouvwa pou negosye ak konkli {{incise|sijè a ratifikasyon senatè yo}} nan [[trete (dwa entènasyonal piblik)|trete]]. Li ta dwe remake tou ke prezidan yo te vinn nan abitid konklizyon "fòm akò senplifye" ("{{lang|en|akò egzekitif}}") ki gen valè a nan yon trete entènasyonal nan lwa domestik Ameriken san yo pa gen fòm. . Kòm yon pati nan ''[[sèl akò egzekitif|{{lang|en|sèl akò egzekitif}}]]s'', valide pa [[Tribinal Siprèm Etazini|Tribinal Siprèm]] nan [[ane yo. 1930]] nan yon kesyon ki konsène yon echanj lèt ak [[Inyon Sovyetik Repiblik Sosyalis yo|Sovyetik]], prezidan an ka siyen akò ak pisans etranje san Sena a gen yon di. === Kòmandan an Chèf Fòs Lame yo === Dapre Atik 2, Seksyon 2 [[Konstitisyon Etazini|Konstitisyon]], Prezidan an se kòmandan an chèf [[Fòs Lame Etazini|Lame]] ak [[Gad Nasyonal Etazini an. pandan ke yo nan sèvis la nan Etazini. Se poutèt sa li se nan tèt lame a epi kòm sa yo "posede" inisyativ la ak kondwit operasyon militè yo. === Defans teritwa === Nan tan lapè, prezidan an, kòmandan an chèf fòs lame yo, ka sèvi ak pouvwa li pou kenbe lòd, oswa menm retabli l, sou demann yon eta federasyon. Depi lè sa a, prezidan an te kapab lè sa nesesè {{incise|paske nan prensip li depann de gouvènè eta a}} rekizisyon gad nasyonal la, jan [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] te fè nan [[Arkansas]] nan 1957 (pou kontrekare segregasyon lekòl nan [[Little Rock]]), [[John Fitzgerald Kennedy|Kennedy]] nan [[Mississippi (Eta)|Mississippi]] ak nan [[Alabama]] an 1962 ak 1963 pou rezon ki sanble oswa menm [[George W. Bush]] nan batay kont teworis - konprann anpil, depi fòs gad nasyonal yo, an 2009, nan operasyon nan [[Mwayen Oryan]] ak nan [[Balkan yo]]. === Angajman twoup yo === Malgre egzistans yon dispozisyon konstitisyonèl ki deklare ke se responsablite Kongrè a pou deklare lagè (Atik I, seksyon 8), e malgre adopsyon an 1973 Lwa sou Pouvwa Lagè yo ('' {{lang|en|War Powers Act} }''), pouvwa pou voye twoup nan konba se ''defakto'' ak prezidan an. Malgre ke pratik prezidansyèl sa a se cho konteste, reyalite a rete ke yo te etabli yon distenksyon ant pouvwa a fè lagè ak sa pou deklare li. === Dwa padon === Prezidan an, tankou pifò chèf deta, gen [[Padon (adwat)|dwa pou padone]] pou [[kriminèl federal|krim federal yo]], eksepte nan ka ''[[impeachment (Etazini)|impeachment. ]]''. Kidonk, prezidan an ka padone, chanje santans {{incise|avèk oswa san kondisyon}} oswa pwoklame yon [[amnisti]]. Li kapab tou bay yon soulajman pou yon peryòd fiks oswa endefini. === Chèf gouvènman an === Ogmantasyon [[eta byennèt la]], e avèk li miltiplikasyon depatman, ministè ak administrasyon yo, ogmante pouvwa prezidan an, yo rele pou dirije yon kantite zòn ak moun ki toujou ap ogmante. Kòm yon rezilta, prezidan an jwi gwo pouvwa otonòm regilasyon. E nan sans sa a, [[Tribinal Siprèm Etazini]] te jwe yon wòl desizif: li an reyalite devlope yon entèpretasyon laj sou pouvwa prezidan an nan afime ke pouvwa pou egzekite lwa yo pa t anyen si prezidan an pa t. ekipe ak mwayen nesesè pou fè sa. === Nan tèt administrasyon an === Prezidan an dirije [[Kabinè (Etazini)|kabinè a]] ak pi lajman [[administrasyon Ozetazini|Administrasyon Ameriken an]] epi pou fè sa, li gen yon gwo pouvwa nominasyon pase pratik ki akonpaye pa yon pouvwa. nan revokasyon. === Pouvwa nan randevou === Prezidan an nonmen [[anbasadè]], komisè [[Tribinal Distri Etazini|distri federal]], [[Konsila (Diplomasi)|konsil]], [[jij]] nan Tribinal Siprèm lan, ak tout lòt [[Piblik Sèvis Ozetazini|Ofisyèl Piblik Ozetazini yo]] [[Konstitisyon Etazini|Konstitisyon an]] ki pa prevwa nominasyon yo, lalwa pral kreye biwo yo. Apre sa, li pral bezwen jwenn konfimasyon nan men [[Sena Etazini|Sena]]. Nan fen {{s-|19yèm la}}, pou mete yon fen nan ''[[Spoils system|{{lang|en|spoiils system}}]]'', [[Kongrè Ini a States|Kongrè a te adopte ''{{lang|en|Lwa Sèvis Sivil}}'' an 1883, ki limite pouvwa diskresyonè prezidan an (san sanksyon senatoryal) pou nonmen nan pi wo pozisyon nan administrasyon an , ki reprezante nan {{s yo. -|XXI|e}} apeprè 10% nan pozisyon nan administrasyon federal la. Rès nominasyon yo se sijè a konfimasyon pa Sena a. === Pouvwa revokasyon === Repoze ankò sou prensip paralelis pwosedi yo, gouvènman federal Ameriken an matche {{incise|menm jan lòt chèf pouvwa egzekitif la te fè nan okazyon, nan lòt peyi}} pouvwa nonmen yon pouvwa revokasyon. === "Lejislatè" === Anba teyori [[separasyon pouvwa]] (jan [[John Locke|Locke]] ak [[Montesquieu]] sijere li), se Kongrè a egzèse fonksyon lejislatif la epi prezidan an egzèse fonksyon egzekitif la. Konstitisyon an pa bay prezidan an okenn otorite lejislatif. Sepandan, prezidan an ka enfliyanse pwogram lejislatif Kongrè a grasa an patikilye pouvwa konvenk li ("{{Lang|en|texte= Pouvwa prezidans lan se pouvwa pou konvenk}}", pouvwa prezidans lan se pouvwa pou konvenk)<ref>{{Liv |langue=en |author1={{link|Richard Neustadt}} | title=Prezidansyèl Pouvwa ak Prezidan modèn yo: Politik lidèchip |piblikatè=Wiley |date=1960 |isbn=0-02-922796-8}}.</ref>. Enfliyans li soti nan estati esansyèl li nan rejim nan epi li ka egzèse pandan [[Diskou Eta Inyon an (Etazini)|Diskou Eta Inyon an]], diskou prezidan anyèl devan Kongrè a. Dapre yon pratik ke nou obsève nan anpil demokrasi kontanporen, se trè souvan pouvwa egzekitif la ki pote pi fò nan inisyativ la pou lwa. Sa a se ka a nan peyi Etazini kote prezidan an se, 'defakto', nan orijin nan majorite nan pwojè lwa yo egzamine pa Kongrè a. === Dwa veto === Prezidan an gen pouvwa tou pou anpeche yon lwa paske li kapab, an aplikasyon atik {{Ist}}, seksyon 7, nanKonstitisyon, retounen yon tèks lwa soumèt pou siyati li. Konstitisyon an prevwa ke, si prezidan an pa mete veto sou yon bòdwo nan dis jou apre transmisyon li a, bòdwo a vin tounen yon zak. Nan lòt men an, li ka voye tèks la tounen nan chanm yo lè li mande yon nouvo lekti. Veto sa a ka ranvèse pa yon majorite de tyè nan chak chanm. Gen yon lòt veto ki pi espesifik: se ''{{lang|en|pocket veto}}''. Fòm patikilye veto sa a sèlman egziste Ozetazini. Si pwojè lwa a prezante mwens pase {{nimewo|10|jou}} anvan fen sesyon Kongrè a, lè sa a prezidan an ka deside pa reponn a pwojè lwa a, yo pral siyen lwa a si prezidan an siyen li. men sinon, li p'ap tounen lwa. Si Kongrè a vle repete lwa sa a, li pral oblije kòmanse pwosedi a depi nan konmansman an. === Pouvwa regilasyon aplikasyon an === Prezidan an egzekite lwa yo. Pou fè sa, se poutèt sa li gen pouvwa pou fè respekte règleman yo. == Apre manda yo == Apre manda yo, ansyen prezidan yo kenbe privilèj ak kontrent. Depi [[1958 Ozetazini|1958]] ak [[Kongrè Etazini]] nan ''{{Lang|en|[[Ansyen Prezidan Lwa]]}}'', yo te wè yon pansyon (an 2020, se te {{unit|219200|$}} pa ane<ref>{{Lyen Entènèt |title=Peman & Konje: Salè & Salè - OPM.gov |url=https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/salaries-wages/salary-tables/20Tables/exec/html/EX.aspx |series=Biwo Jesyon Pèsonèl Etazini |accessed=22 out 2020}}</ref> ), depans pèsonèl ak lokasyon biwo pou Sekretarya yo ak [[Sèvis Sekrè Etazini|Sèvis Sekrè]] garanti yo pwoteksyon pou tout lavi epi li ba yo yon chofè. Depi [[Asasinasyon John F. Kennedy|asasen]] [[John Fitzgerald Kennedy]], yo pa gen [[Kondwi yon machin|otorizasyon pou kondui]] ankò sou [[Espas Piblik|wout piblik ]], depi eleksyon yo ak pou tout lavi yo<ref>{{Web link |langue=fr |title=Konvoke kòm jiri, sitwayen òdinè Barack Obama fè yon sansasyon nan tribinal |url=https://www.20minutes.fr /monde/ 2165807-20171108-konvoke-tankou-jire-sitwayen-òdinè-barack-obama-fait-sensation-tribunal |site=www.20minutes.fr |konsilte sou=2017-11-08}}.</ref> . Prezidan apre manda yo fè [[Bibliyotèk Prezidansyèl|Bibliyotèk prezidansyèl yo]], ki prezève tout [[achiv yo]] yo, epi ki pi souvan kote pou antere yo ansanm ak madanm yo<ref>{{ Atik |author1=Perrine Canavaggio |tit=Konsèvasyon achiv prezidansyèl yo nan peyi Etazini |periodik=La Gazette des archives |nimewo=133 |ane=1986 |li sou entènèt=https://www.persee.fr/doc/ gazar_0016-5522_1986_num_133_1_2994 |paj= 123-142}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>A. Hirschon, “'The scope, accessibility and History of Presidential Papers'', nan ''Gouvènman Piblikasyon: Key Papers''</ref>. === Ansyen prezidan toujou vivan === Jouk jounen jodi a, ansyen prezidan vivan Etazini yo se [[Jimmy Carter]], [[Bill Clinton]], [[George W. Bush]], [[Barack Obama]], ak [[Donald Trump]]. nan lòd eleksyon yo. <gallery mode="packed" heights="190"> File:Carter cropped.jpg|<center>'''[[Jimmy Carter]]'''<br>(1977-1981)<br><small>{{Dat nesans|1|10|1924|laj= wi}}</small></center> File:44 Bill Clinton 3x4.jpg|<center>'''[[Bill Clinton]]'''<br>(1993-2001)<br><small>{{Dat nesans|19|8|1946| age=yes}}</small></center> File:George-W-Bush (cropped).jpeg|<center>'''[[George W. Bush]]'''<br>(2001-2009)<br><small>{{Dat nesans| 6|7|1946|age=yes}}</small></center> File:President Barack Obama, 2012 portrait crop.jpg|<center>'''[[Barack Obama]]'''<br>(2009-2017)<br><small>{{Dat nesans|4|8 |1961|age=yes}}</small></center> File:Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg|<center>'''[[Donald Trump]]'''<br>(2017-2021)<br><small>{{Dat nesans|14|6 |1946|age=yes}}</small></center> </gallery> == Nòt ak referans == {{Referans}} == Apendis == === Bibliyografi === * {{Liv |otè1=Élisabeth Vallet |direktè1=wi |tit=Prezidans Etazini |kote=Quebec |editè=Presses de l'Université du Québec |ane=2005 |total paj=390 |isbn=2- 7605-1364-5}}. * {{Liv |otè1=Pierre Lagayette |direktè1=wi |tit=Anpi Egzekitif la (1933-2006): prezidans Etazini depi Franklin D. Roosevelt rive George W. Bush |editè=University Press of Paris -Sorbonne |ane=2007 |isbn=978-2-8405-0534-1}}. * {{Liv |otè1=[[Thomas Snégaroff]] |tit=Amerik nan po a. Lè prezidan an vin youn ak nasyon an |piblikatè=Armand Colin |ane=2012}} * {{Liv |lang=fr |otè1=[[Georges Ayache]] |tit=Prezidan Etazini |soustit=istwa ak pòtrè |plas=Pari |editè=[[Éditions Perrin|Perrin]] | ane= 2016 |total paj=450 |isbn=978-2-262-06420-4 |li sou entènèt=https://books.google.fr/books?id=iPrLDAAAQBAJ}} * [[Hélène Harter]] ak [[André Kaspi]], ''The American Presidents: from George Washington to Donald Trump'', Tallandier, 2022 (N. ed.). === Ki gen rapò === {{Lòt pwojè | commons = Prezidan Etazini }} === Lyen ekstèn === * {{Sit ofisyèl}} * {{Debaz}} * {{Diksyonè}} * {{Otorite}} [[Kategori:Prezidan Etazini|*]] 560m8bech9ognc3bljnx9ky7ug8w9hq