Wikipedya htwiki https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paj_Prensipal MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Medya Espesyal Diskite Itilizatè Diskisyon Itilizatè Wikipedya Diskisyon Wikipedya Fichye Diskisyon Fichye MedyaWiki Diskisyon MedyaWiki Modèl Diskisyon Modèl Èd Diskisyon Èd Kategori Diskisyon Kategori TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk 0 986 881102 867230 2026-04-20T01:43:17Z 1104s72 38991 881102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kolektivite tèritoryal}} [[Fichye:India (orthographic projection).svg|thumb]] '''End''' se yon peyi ki sitiye nan [[Azi]]. Kapital li se [[Nyoudeli]]. Peyi Zend se setyèm pi gwo peyi pa zòn; peyi demokratik ki pi peple. Relijyon [[Sikhi]] sòti End == Jewografi == == Istwa == == Administrasyon == == Ekonomi == == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[List of heads of state of India]]{{Azi}} [[Kategori:Peyi]] [[kategori:End|*]] mibexzeg4ppc8xjhmcpunoe5ygnynz8 0 15298 881132 742350 2026-04-20T08:33:13Z CommonsDelinker 161 Replacing Panorámica_interior_del_Teatro_Colón_(cropped).jpg with [[File:Panorámica_interior_del_Teatro_Colón.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[:c::File:Panorám 881132 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:Panorámica interior del Teatro Colón.jpg|thumb|yon teyat]] '''Teyat''' se alafwa * la nan reprezante yon dram oswa yon komedi. Pèfòmans plizyè aktè sou yon sèn pandan odyans la ap gade yo dirèkteman. Pèfòmans plizyè aktè sou yon sèl sèn ki gen chanjman pou fè li sanble avèk plizyè sèn diferan? * yon [mòd literè]] patikilye, * ak batiman an kote pèfòmans teyat pran plas. == Istwa == [[Fichye:Taormina BW 2012-10-05 16-05-05.jpg|thumb|Teyat grèk nan [[Taormine|Taormina]], [[Itali]].]] == Jan == == Kèk dramatij selèb == Dramatij (otè pyès teyat) ki te gen enfliyans ak odyans. === Teyat antik === * [[Aristophane]] * [[Eschyle]] * [[Euripide]] * [[Ménandre]] * [[Plaute]] * [[Sénèque]] * [[Sophocle]] * [[Térence]] === Teyat bawok === * [[Pedro Calderón de la Barca|Calderon]] * [[John Ford (ekriven)|John Ford]] * [[Christopher Marlowe]] * [[Jean de Rotrou]] * [[William Shakespeare]] ([[1564]]-[[1616]]), angle * [[Lope de Vega]] === Teyat klasik === * [[Pierre Corneille]], franse * [[Molière]] ([[1622]]-[[1673]]) * [[Jean Racine]] === Teyat XVIIIyèm syèk === * [[Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais|Beaumarchais]] * [[Carlo Goldoni]] * [[Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux|Marivaux]] === Teyat womantik === * [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]] * [[Victor Hugo]] * [[Alfred de Musset]] * [[Edmond Rostand]] * [[Friedrich von Schiller|Schiller]] === Vodvil === * [[Georges Courteline]] * [[Georges Feydeau]] * [[Eugène Labiche]] * [[Sarah Bernhardt]] ([[1844]]-[[1923]]) (aktris) * [[Eleonora Duse]] ([[1858]]-[[1924]]) (aktris) * [[Sacha Guitry]] ([[1885]]-[[1957]]), franse === Kèk dramatij aysyen === * [[Theodore Beaubrun|Théodore Beaubrun (Languichatte)]] * [[Jean-Fernand Brierre]] * [[Juste Chanlatte]] * [[Massillon Coicou]] * [[Roger Dorsinville]] * [[Antoine Dupré]] * [[Liautaud Ethéart]] * [[Pierre Faubert]] * [[Alibée Féry]] * [[Frankétienne]] * [[Fernand Hibbert]] * [[Gary Klang]] * [[Edmond Laforest]] * [[Léon Laleau]] * [[Jan Mapou]] * [[Jean Métellus]] * [[Charles Moravia]] * [[Félix Morisseau-Leroy]] * [[Anthony Phelps]] * [[René Philoctète]] * [[Guy Régis Jr]] * [[Jean-Baptiste Romane]] * [[Gary Victor]] * [[Marie Vieux-Chauvet]] == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Teyat]] mzcp78u05ckpncg7e5qs7rsqpnckfwq 0 16469 881090 684289 2026-04-19T21:33:12Z Dade70 27764 modifikasyon 881090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' se yon ekriven. Li ekri liv konsène [[Ayiti]] oubyen [[kreyòl ayisyen]] oubyen nan [[karayib]] an. {{moun |non= Pierre-Raymond Dumas |foto= |tèks= |dat nesans= |lye nesans= |peyi nesans= |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite= |zèv= * ''Haïti : une armée dans la mêlée'' |nòt= }} == Byografi == * == Zèv li yo == * Sa li fè == Referans == *Referans pou konnen plis anlè moun sa a ---- [[kategori:ekriven]] [[kategori:literati]] [[kategori:ayisyen]] [[kategori:ekriven ayisyen]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dumas, Pierre-Raymond}} tr4pg1f4f3370bmyqqhmvsnyfjemi8i 3 67450 881107 880970 2026-04-20T02:34:14Z MediaWiki message delivery 11567 /* Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-17 */ nouvelle section 881107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Achiv auto | recherche = oui | âge = 90 jou }} == Modèl:Refsou == Is [[Modèl:Refsou]] the same as [[w:en:Template:Citation needed]]? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 19 jiyè 2024 à 17:14 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], Of course they are the same, and it is copied from the French version with translation into Haitian Creole [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 01:37 (UTC) ::So the same as [[Modèl:Referans nesesè]]? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 02:56 (UTC) == Thank You for Your Contribution to Feminism and Folklore 2024! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|center|500px]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikimedian, We extend our sincerest gratitude to you for making an extraordinary impact in the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition. Your remarkable dedication and efforts have been instrumental in bridging cultural and gender gaps on Wikipedia. We are truly grateful for the time and energy you've invested in this endeavor. As a token of our deep appreciation, we'd love to send you a special postcard. It serves as a small gesture to convey our immense thanks for your involvement in organizing the competition. To ensure you receive this token of appreciation, kindly fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeHYAhFA9Q5vUs9UA1N45TOUxUdSNO8igGTmg4oPUL_qXS1EQ/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] by August 15th, 2024. Looking ahead, we are thrilled to announce that we'll be hosting Feminism and Folklore in 2025. We eagerly await your presence in the upcoming year as we continue our journey to empower and foster inclusivity. Once again, thank you for being an essential part of our mission to promote feminism and preserve folklore on Wikipedia. With warm regards, '''Feminism and Folklore International Team'''. --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 jiyè 2024 à 12:28 (UTC) </div>. <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf2024&oldid=26557949 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rathaus-Glockenspiel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:2019-11-16, Glockenspiel, Neues Münchner Rathaus, IMG 7463 edit Christoph Braun.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Rathaus-Glockenspiel''' is a large mechanical clock located in Marienplatz Square, in the heart of Munich, Germany. Famous for its life-size characters, the clock twice daily re-enacts scenes from Munich's history. First is the story of the marriage of Duke Wilhelm V to Renata of Lorraine in 1568, followed by the story of the Schäfflerstanz, also known as the coopers' dance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 jiyè 2024 à 01:56 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])&#32;([[:nl:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Nederlandsche Cocainefabriek Schinkelstraat Amsterdam architect HH Baanders 1902.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek''' (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈneːdərlɑntsə koːkaːˈinəfaːˌbrik]; English: Dutch Cocaine Factory) or NCF was an Amsterdam-based company producing cocaine for medical purposes in the 20th century. It imported its raw materials mainly from the Dutch East Indies and sold its products across Europe, making good profits especially in the early years of World War I. The NCF produced morphine, heroin and ephedrine as well. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 jiyè 2024 à 01:44 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Suffrage drama]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pamphlet from NAWSA for women's suffrage plays, page 1.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Suffrage drama''' (also known as suffrage plays or suffrage theatre) is a form of dramatic literature that emerged during the British women's suffrage movement in the early twentieth century. Suffrage performances lasted approximately from 1907-1914. Many suffrage plays called for a predominant or all female cast. Suffrage plays served to reveal issues behind the suffrage movement. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 out 2024 à 02:13 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Karatgurk]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Karatgurk]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the Australian Aboriginal mythology of the Aboriginal people of south-eastern Australian state of Victoria, the '''Karatgurk''' were seven sisters who represented the constellation known in western astronomy as the Pleiades. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 out 2024 à 02:13 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27264174 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:B1 (classification)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''B1''' is a medical-based Paralympic classification for blind sport. Athletes in this classification are totally or almost totally blind. It is used by a number of blind sports including blind tennis, para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, blind cricket, blind golf, five-a-side football, goalball and judo. Some other sports, including adaptive rowing, athletics and swimming, have equivalents to this class. The B1 classification was first created by the IBSA in the 1970s, and has largely remained unchanged since despite an effort by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) to move towards a more functional and evidence-based classification system. Classification is often handled on the international level by the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) but it sometimes handled by national sport federations. There are exceptions for sports like athletics and cycling, where classification is handled by their own governing bodies. Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may differ from sport to sport, and may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and clapsticks. There may be some modifications related to equipment and rules to specifically address needs of competitors in this class to allow them to compete in specific sports. Some sports specifically do not allow a guide, whereas cycling and skiing require one. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 out 2024 à 01:56 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27278917 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Erzi (village)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Caucasus, Ingushetia, Ингушские боевые и смотровые башни, горы Кавказа.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Erzi''' (Russian: Эрзи; Ingush: Аьрзи, romanized: Ärzi, lit. 'Eagle') is a medieval village (aul) in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the rural settlement (administrative center) of Olgeti. The entire territory of the settlement is included in the Dzheyrakh-Assa State Historical-Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve and is under state protection. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 out 2024 à 03:19 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27345183 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cappadocian calendar]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cappadocian calendar''' was a solar calendar that was derived from the Persian Zoroastrian calendar. It is named after the historic region Cappadocia in present-day Turkey, where it was used. The calendar, which had 12 months of 30 days each and five epagomenal days, originated between 550 and 330 BC, when Cappadocia was part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The Cappadocian calendar was identical to the Zoroastrian calendar; this can be seen in its structure, in the Avestan names and in the order of the months. The Cappadocian calendar reflects the Iranian cultural influence in the region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 septanm 2024 à 01:42 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27357319 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Independence Day (Albania)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Independence Day''' (Albanian: Dita e Pavarësisë) is a public holiday in Albania observed on 28 November. It commemorates the Albanian Declaration of Independence (from the Ottoman Empire), which was ratified by the All-Albanian Congress on 28 November 1912, establishing the state of Albania. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 septanm 2024 à 00:29 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Voters == Have you invited eligible voters to [[Wikipedya:Administratè#Kitanago 2024-2025]], or would you like me to? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 27 septanm 2024 à 01:56 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], no I don't do it yet. Thanks for helping me! [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 01:32 (UTC) ::I'll post messages to the more active editors in [[Espesyal:ItilizatèAktif]]. (I have done this for admin elections here for years now.) [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 02:59 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wildlife of Bahrain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Birds in Al-Areen Wildlife Park.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The wildlife of the archipelago of Bahrain, is more varied than might be expected of this small group of islands in the Persian Gulf. Apart from a strip of the north and west of the main island, where crops are grown with irrigation, the land is arid. With a very hot dry summer, a mild winter, and brackish groundwater, the plants need adaptations in order to survive. Nevertheless, 196 species of higher plant have been recorded here, as well as about seventeen species of terrestrial mammals, many birds and reptiles, and many migratory birds visit the islands in autumn and spring. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 septanm 2024 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Little Danes experiment]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:آزمایش دانمارکی‌های کوچک]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Children play at a Danish Red Cross-run orphanage in Greenland.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''little Danes experiment''' was a 1951 Danish operation where 22 Greenlandic Inuit children were sent to Danish foster families in an attempt to re-educate them as "little Danes". While the children were all supposed to be orphans, most were not. Six children were adopted while in Denmark, and sixteen returned to Greenland, only to be placed in Danish-speaking orphanages and never live with their families again. Half of the children experienced mental health disturbances, and half of them died in young adulthood. The government of Denmark officially apologised in 2020, after several years of demands from Greenlandic officials. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 oktòb 2024 à 03:16 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kharayeb]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Muharram 1Oth-Ashouraa 2007 in Kharayeb - panoramio.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Kharayeb''' (Arabic: الخرايب) is a historic town in the Sidon District in the South Governorate, Lebanon. The town is 77 km (48 mi) south of Beirut, and stands at an average altitude of 190 m (620 ft) above sea level. The town boasts a rich historical legacy, with archaeological excavations revealing a complex settlement history spanning from Prehistory to the Ottoman period. Notably, Kharayeb's origins can be traced back to the Persian period (539–330 BC), when it played a pivotal role in the region's agricultural and economic landscape, culminating in the construction of its Phoenician temple around the 6th century BC. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 oktòb 2024 à 02:38 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Request == Hi! Can you please take a look at [[:Kategori:Pou efase]]? Thanks, [[Itilizatè:TenWhile6|TenWhile6]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:TenWhile6|diskisyon]]) 25 oktòb 2024 à 09:36 (UTC) :Okay [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 25 oktòb 2024 à 16:59 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklores 2024 Organizers Feedback == Dear Organizer, [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg | right | frameless]] We extend our heartfelt gratitude for your invaluable contributions to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2024 Feminism and Folklore 2024]. Your dedication to promoting feminist perspectives on Wikimedia platforms has been instrumental in the campaign's success. To better understand your initiatives and impact, we invite you to participate in a short survey (5-7 minutes). Your feedback will help us document your achievements in our report and showcase your story in our upcoming blog, highlighting the diversity of [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore] initiatives. Click to participate in the [https://forms.gle/dSeoDP1r7S4KCrVZ6 survey]. By participating in the By participating in the survey, you help us share your efforts in reports and upcoming blogs. This will help showcase and amplify your work, inspiring others to join the movement. The survey covers: #Community engagement and participation #Challenges and successes #Partnership Thank you again for your tireless efforts in promoting [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore]. Best regards,<br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 14:23, 26 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas horror]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Terror navideño]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Christmascarol1843 -- 169.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas horror''' is a fiction genre and film genre that incorporates horror elements into a seasonal setting. It is popular in multiple countries. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 oktòb 2024 à 02:05 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Placenta cake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:simple:Placenta cake]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bucharest, Greek pie-maker, 1880.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Placenta cake''' is a dish from ancient Greece and Rome consisting of many dough layers interspersed with a mixture of cheese and honey and flavored with bay leaves, baked and then covered in honey. The dessert is mentioned in classical texts such as the Greek poems of Archestratos and Antiphanes, as well as the De agri cultura of Cato the Elder. It is often seen as the predecessor of baklava and börek. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 4 novanm 2024 à 02:17 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == [Reminder] Apply for Cycle 3 Grants by December 1st! == Dear Feminism and Folklore Organizers, We hope this message finds you well. We are excited to inform you that the application window for Wikimedia Foundation's Cycle 3 of our grants is now open. Please ensure to submit your applications by December 1st. For a comprehensive guide on how to apply, please refer to the Wiki Loves Folklore Grant Toolkit: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_Grant_Toolkit Additionally, you can find detailed information on the Rapid Grant timeline here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid#Timeline We appreciate your continuous efforts and contributions to our campaigns. Should you have any questions or need further assistance, please do not hesitate to reach out: '''support@wikilovesfolkore.org''' Kind regards, <br> On behalf of the Wiki Loves Folklore International Team. <br> [[User:Joris Darlington Quarshie | Joris Darlington Quarshie]] ([[User talk:Joris Darlington Quarshie|talk]]) 08:39, 9 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Trisomy 16]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chromosome 16.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Trisomy 16''' is a chromosomal abnormality in which there are 3 copies of chromosome 16 rather than two. It is the most common trisomy leading to miscarriage and the second most common chromosomal cause of it, closely following X-chromosome monosomy. About 6% of miscarriages have trisomy 16. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 11 novanm 2024 à 02:09 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27708700 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Boana platanera]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Rana platanera - Boana platanera.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Boana platanera''''', commonly known as the banana tree dwelling frog, is a species of tree frog in the family Hylidae. It is distributed within Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago. Boana platanera was described in 2021, and individuals of the species were previously classified as Boana crepitans or Boana xerophylla. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 novanm 2024 à 02:53 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27735014 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wang Su-bok]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:وانگ سو بوک]])&#32;([[:ko:왕수복]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Wang Su-bok''' was a singer from North Korea, who was the most popular singer in Japanese-occupied Korea in 1935. She was credited as a ground-breaking female artist, whose work led the way for the modern K-pop phenomenon. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 25 novanm 2024 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Storm Filomena]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Spain’s chilly blanket ESA22415247.jpeg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Storm Filomena''' was an extratropical cyclone in early January 2021 that was most notable for bringing unusually heavy snowfall to parts of Spain, with Madrid recording its heaviest snowfall in over a century, and with Portugal being hit less severely. The eighth named storm of the 2020–21 European windstorm season, Filomena formed over the Atlantic Ocean close to the Canary Islands on 7 January, subsequently taking a slow track north-eastwards towards the Iberian Peninsula and then eastwards across the Mediterranean Sea. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 desanm 2024 à 02:48 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == [Workshop] Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia == Dear Recipient,<br> We are excited to invite you to the third workshop in our Advocacy series, part of the Feminism and Folklore International Campaign. This highly anticipated workshop, titled <b>"Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia,"</b> will be led by the esteemed Alex Stinson, Lead Program Strategist at the Wikimedia Foundation. Don't miss this opportunity to gain valuable insights into forging effective partnerships. ===Workshop Objectives=== * <b>Introduction to Partnerships: </b>Understand the importance of building win-win relationships within the Wikimedia movement. * <b>Strategies for Collaboration: </b>Learn practical strategies for identifying and fostering effective partnerships. * <b>Case Studies:</b> Explore real-world examples of successful partnerships in the Wikimedia community. * <b>Interactive Discussions: </b>Engage in discussions to share experiences and insights on collaboration and advocacy. ===Workshop Details=== 📅 Date: 7th December 2024<br> ⏰ Time: 4:30 PM UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1733589000 Check your local time zone])<br> 📍 Venue: Zoom Meeting ===How to Join:=== Registration Link: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Identifying_Win-Win_Relationships_with_Partners_for_Wikimedia <br> Meeting ID: 860 4444 3016 <br> Passcode: 834088 We welcome participants to bring their diverse perspectives and stories as we drive into the collaborative opportunities within the Wikimedia movement. Together, we’ll explore how these partnerships can enhance our advocacy and community efforts. Thank you, Wiki Loves Folklore International Team [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 07:34, 03 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Evènman nan Nouyòk == Bonjou ! Demen, dimanch 8 desanm, pral gen yon ti evènman nan Nouyòk, kote mwen pral montre kèk moun ki pale kreyòl ayisyen ki jan yo edite Wikipedia. Nou pral petèt kreye ak modifye kèk atik. Ou se administratè a, donk mwen te vle fè w konnen sa. Mwen pa pale kreyòl ayisyen byen, men mwen ka li ak ekri kreyòl yon ti, ak mwen pral fè tout sa mwen kapab pou gade ki moun sa a edite byen. Mèsi ! [[Itilizatè:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Amire80|diskisyon]]) 7 desanm 2024 à 21:02 (UTC) :Bonjou @[[Itilizatè:Amire80|Amire80]] ! Pa gen pwoblèm, si ou ta bezwen sipò mwen, pa neglije kontakte m. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 7 desanm 2024 à 22:43 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Syrian literature]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Poem about Baybars page 1 from Hakawati book.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Syrian literature''' is modern fiction written or orally performed in Arabic by writers from Syria since the independence of the Syrian Arab Republic in 1946. It is part of the historically and geographically wider Arabic literature. The modern states of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel as well as the Palestinian autonomous areas only came into being in the mid-20th century. Therefore, Syrian literature has since been referred to by literary scholarship as the national literature of the Syrian Arab Republic, as well as the works created in Arabic by Syrian writers in the diaspora. This literature has been influenced by the country's political history, the literature of other Arabic-speaking countries and, especially in its early days, by French literature. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 desanm 2024 à 01:59 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Lang template == In [https://ht.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doctor_Who&oldid=856014 this]: The {{tl|lang}} template here is meant to put a small (80%) language code in the article, like this: {{lang|en|Something}}. It has mostly been used in the ==External links== section. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 12 desanm 2024 à 17:36 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], Likewise in wp fr this model is used to indicate the language of a text, of any word. I don't know yet, does it have another role? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 20:20 (UTC) ::I think that [[Template:Lang]] on this wiki might have been intended, when it was originally created, to correspond to [[w:en:Template:In lang]] and not [[w:en:Template:Lang]]. See [[Lis endikatif telefòn entènasyonal pa kòd zòn#Lyen ekstèn]] for one that uses both {{tl|en}} and also {{tl|lang|en||}}. ::80% font size is okay for a note that says <small>(In English)</small>. It's not okay for text in the middle of an article, or in its title: "{{lang|en|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone}} is the first Harry Potter book." Also, I don't really want to see "(en)" in ordinary sentences. ::For pure markup purposes, then the visual editor adds the codes (same menu as other character formatting): <span lang="en" dir="ltr">This is English</span>. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 21:57 (UTC) :::The majority of articles using this template are directly translated from French, mainly using machine translation. Therefore, it is used in the same way as in the French version. If this template were to be changed now, wouldn't it require increased monitoring of translations coming from French? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 22:32 (UTC) ::::Well... that depends on whether the translation method is "Paste raw wikitext into Google Translate and hope that what comes out isn't too broken" or "Use the [[mw:Content translation]] tools, which are designed to map templates to their matching pairs via Wikidata". Google Translate screws up all kinds of things (e.g., turning <code><nowiki>[[Link]]</nowiki></code> into <code>[Link ] ]</code>) so this would be just one more among hundreds of problems it creates. ::::If we want to turn it into a way of wrapping some text in <code><nowiki><span lang="en" dir="ltr"></nowiki></code> tags, then we need to change the template. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 15 desanm 2024 à 02:11 (UTC) :::::I understand, maybe it's a copy of the English or French version? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 03:28 (UTC) ::::::The creator here spoke French, but the creation of this template predates the creation of [[w:fr:Modèle:Lang]] (which has since been renamed "Langue"). Meta-Wiki's and the English Wikipedia's are a couple of months older, but they don't match the formatting. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 20:07 (UTC) :::::::In this sense what do you think is the best solution according to you? We must correct it immediately and avoid the same thing in future articles. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 21:38 (UTC) ::::::::I replaced the template with the one from the English version ([[:en:template:Lang]]) although it will have an effect on the articles that use it, but I think it is better to use it instead ([[:fr:Modèle:en langue]]) <==> ht :([[modèl:Nan lang]]) to better respond. Here you have to scrupulously monitor the articles automatically translated from the French version. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 17 desanm 2024 à 14:41 (UTC) :::::::::That sounds good. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 19 desanm 2024 à 21:21 (UTC) ::::::::::Great [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 20 desanm 2024 à 18:47 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mars ocean theory]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:AncientMars.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Mars ocean theory''' states that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was covered by an ocean of liquid water early in the planet's geologic history. This primordial ocean, dubbed Paleo-Ocean or Oceanus Borealis (/oʊˈsiːənəs ˌbɒriˈælɪs/ oh-SEE-ə-nəs BORR-ee-AL-iss), would have filled the basin Vastitas Borealis in the northern hemisphere, a region that lies 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) below the mean planetary elevation, at a time period of approximately 4.1–3.8 billion years ago. Evidence for this ocean includes geographic features resembling ancient shorelines, and the chemical properties of the Martian soil and atmosphere <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 01:45 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2023 Slovenia floods]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Sava v Tacnu 4. avgusta ob 16h.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In August 2023, major floods occurred in large part of Slovenia and neighbouring areas of Austria and Croatia due to heavy rain. Amongst others, the level of rivers Sava, Mur and Drava was exceptionally high. Several settlements and transport links in Slovene Littoral, Upper Carniola and Slovenian Carinthia were flooded. Due to the amount of rain, the streams in Idrija, Cerkno and Škofja Loka Hills overflowed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 desanm 2024 à 02:55 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 in Your Country == [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless]] Dear Team, My name is Joris Darlington Quarshie (user: Joris Darlington Quarshie), and I am the Event Coordinator for the Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 (WLF) International campaign. Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 is a photographic competition aimed at highlighting folk culture worldwide. The annual international photography competition is held on Wikimedia Commons between the 1st of February and the 31st of March. This campaign invites photographers and enthusiasts of folk culture globally to showcase their local traditions, festivals, cultural practices, and other folk events by uploading photographs to Wikimedia Commons. As we celebrate the seventh anniversary of Wiki Loves Folklore, the international team is thrilled to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and organizations worldwide to host a local edition in their respective countries. This is an opportunity to bring more visibility to the folk culture of your region and contribute valuable content to the internet. * Please find the project page for this year’s edition at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025 * To sign up and organize the event in your country, visit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025/Organize If you wish to organize your local edition in either February or March instead of both months, feel free to let us know. In addition to the photographic competition, there will also be a Wikipedia writing competition called Feminism and Folklore, which focuses on topics related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture on Wikipedia. We welcome your team to organize both the photo and writing campaigns or either one of them in your local Wiki edition. If you are unable to organize both campaigns, feel free to share this opportunity with other groups or organizations in your region that may be interested. * You can find the Feminism and Folklore project page here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025 * The page to sign up is: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page For any questions or to discuss further collaboration, feel free to contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. If your team wishes to connect via a meeting to discuss this further, please let us know. We look forward to your participation in Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 and to seeing the incredible folk culture of your region represented on Wikimedia Commons. Sincerely, The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 08:50, 27 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Uganda Railways Corporation]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Schienenverkehr in Uganda]])&#32;([[:no:Uganda Railways Corporation]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:9620 mit Güterzug.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Uganda Railways Corporation''' (URC) is the parastatal railway of Uganda. It was formed after the breakup of the East African Railways Corporation (EARC) in 1977 when it took over the Ugandan part of the East African railways. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 desanm 2024 à 02:37 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28019313 --> == Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2025 == == Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2025 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"><em>{{int:please-translate}}</em></div> Dear {{PAGENAME}}, My name is [[User:SAgbley|Stella Agbley]], and I am the Event Coordinator for the Feminism and Folklore 2025 (FnF) International campaign. We're thrilled to announce the Feminism and Folklore 2025 writing competition, held in conjunction with Wiki Loves Folklore 2025! This initiative focuses on enriching Wikipedia with content related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture. === Why Host the Competition? === * Empower voices: Provide a platform for discussions on feminism and its intersection with folk culture. * Enrich Wikipedia: Contribute valuable content to Wikipedia on underrepresented topics. * Raise awareness: Increase global understanding of these important issues. === Exciting Prizes Await! === We're delighted to acknowledge outstanding contributions with a range of prizes: **International Recognition:** * 1st Prize: $300 USD * 2nd Prize: $200 USD * 3rd Prize: $100 USD * Consolation Prizes (Top 10): $50 USD each **Local Recognition (Details Coming Soon!):** Each participating Wikipedia edition (out of 40+) will offer local prizes. Stay tuned for announcements! All prizes will be distributed in a convenient and accessible manner. Winners will receive major brand gift cards or vouchers equivalent to the prize value in their local currency. === Ready to Get Involved? === Learn more about Feminism and Folklore 2025: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025 Feminism and Folklore 2025] Sign Up to Organize a Campaign: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page Campaign Sign-Up Page] === Collaboration is Key! === Whether you choose to organize both photo and writing competitions (Wiki Loves Folklore and Feminism and Folklore) or just one, we encourage your participation. If hosting isn't feasible, please share this opportunity with interested groups in your region. === Let's Collaborate! === For questions or to discuss further collaboration, please contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. We're happy to schedule a meeting to discuss details further. Together, let's celebrate women's voices and enrich Wikipedia with valuable content! Thank you, **Wiki Loves Folklore International Team** </div> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:02, 05 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Internment of Japanese Canadians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Japanese road camp.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> From 1942 to 1949, Canada forcibly relocated and incarcerated over 22,000 Japanese Canadians—comprising over 90% of the total Japanese Canadian population—from British Columbia in the name of "national security". The majority were Canadian citizens by birth and were targeted based on their ancestry. This decision followed the events of the Japanese Empire's war in the Pacific against the Western Allies, such as the invasion of Hong Kong, the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and the Fall of Singapore which led to the Canadian declaration of war on Japan during World War II. Similar to the actions taken against Japanese Americans in neighbouring United States, this forced relocation subjected many Japanese Canadians to government-enforced curfews and interrogations, job and property losses, and forced repatriation to Japan <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 6 janvye 2025 à 03:56 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28070038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas seals]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:no:Julemerke]])&#32;([[:ru:Рождественская виньетка]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:1915 US Christmas Seal.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas seals''' are adhesive labels that are similar in appearance to postage stamps that are sold then affixed to mail during the Christmas season to raise funds and awareness for charitable programs. Christmas seals have become particularly associated with lung diseases such as tuberculosis, and with child welfare in general. They were first issued in Denmark beginning in 1904, with Sweden and Iceland following with issues that same year. Thereafter the use of Christmas seals proved to be popular and spread quickly around the world, with 130 countries producing their own issues. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 13 janvye 2025 à 02:24 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28086717 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Scontri del Nagorno Karabakh del 2010]])&#32;([[:tr:2010 Dağlık Karabağ çatışmaları]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''2010 Nahorno karabakh war''' were a series of exchanges of gunfire that took place on February 18 on the line of contact dividing Azerbaijani and the Karabakh Armenian military forces. Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of firing on the Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu, Qızıloba, Qapanlı, Yusifcanlı and Cavahirli villages, as well as in uplands of Agdam Rayon with small arms fire including snipers. As a result, three Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and one wounded. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 20 janvye 2025 à 01:20 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28099770 --> == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 26 janvye 2025 à 06:24 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Doc James@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jinnah's birthday]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Yorkstatue.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jinnah's Birthday''', officially Quaid-e-Azam Day and sometimes known as Quaid Day, is a public holiday in Pakistan observed annually on 25 December to celebrate the birthday of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as Quaid-i-Azam ("Great Leader"). A major holiday, commemorations for Jinnah began during his lifetime in 1942, and have continued ever since. The event is primarily observed by the government and the citizens of the country where the national flag is hoisted at major architectural structures such as private and public buildings, particularly at the top of Quaid-e-Azam House in Karachi. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 27 janvye 2025 à 01:30 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28156501 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:French conquest of Corsica]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bataille de Ponte Novu.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''French conquest of Corsica''' was a successful expedition by French forces of the Kingdom of France under Comte de Vaux, against Corsican forces under Pasquale Paoli of the Corsican Republic. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 fevriye 2025 à 12:21 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Assassination of Spencer Perceval]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:PercevalShooting.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 11 May 1812, at about 5:15 pm, Spencer Perceval, the prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was shot dead in the lobby of the House of Commons by John Bellingham, a Liverpool merchant with a grievance against the government. Bellingham was detained; four days after the murder, he was tried, convicted and sentenced to death. He was hanged at Newgate Prison on 18 May, one week after the assassination and one month before the start of the War of 1812. Perceval remains the sole British prime minister to have been assassinated. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 fevriye 2025 à 02:18 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Malagasy constitutional referendum]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A constitutional referendum was held in Madagascar on 17 November 2010, in which voters approved a proposal for the state's fourth Constitution. The Malagasy people were asked to answer "Yes" or "No" to the proposed new constitution, which was considered to help consolidate Andry Rajoelina's grip on power. At the time of the referendum, Rajoelina headed the governing Highest Transitional Authority (HAT), an interim junta established following the military-backed coup d'état against then President Marc Ravalomanana in March 2009. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 fevriye 2025 à 01:21 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28245290 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cooler Heads Coalition]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Cooler Heads Coalition]])&#32;([[:fr:Cooler Heads Coalition]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cooler Heads Coalition''' is a politically conservative "informal and ad-hoc group" in the United States, financed and operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute. The group, which rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, made efforts to stop the government from addressing climate change. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 fevriye 2025 à 02:23 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28300238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:pt:Transmissor de Ondas]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Wave Transmitter]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Esq eletr transm ondas color.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Transmissor de Ondas''' é um equipamento precursor do rádio, desenvolvido por Roberto Landell de Moura na década de 1890, capaz de transmitir áudio via ondas eletromagnéticas, com sua primeira demonstração pública documentada tendo ocorrido no dia 16 de julho de 1899. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 mas 2025 à 01:50 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Smoky (mascotte olimpica)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Smoky (Olympic mascot)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Smoky 1932 Olympic Village Mascot.webp|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Smoky''' (Los Angeles, 1931 o 1932 - Los Angeles, aprile 1934), occasionalmente scritto Smokey, è stato un cane che divenne la mascotte del villaggio olimpico estivo del 1932 e, successivamente, dell'evento generale. Pur non essendo oggi riconosciuto dal CIO, è stato, seppur non in modo ufficiale, la prima mascotte olimpica dei Giochi, oltre che a essere attualmente l'unica a essere stata un animale vero. Le successive edizioni non ebbero mascotte, dovendo aspettare i X Giochi olimpici invernali di Grenoble nel 1968 per ritrovarne una ufficialmente riconosciuta, lo sciatore stilizzato Schuss, allora non considerato ufficiale ma successivamente riconosciuto come tale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 mas 2025 à 02:50 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Join Us Today: Amplify Women’s Stories on Wikipedia! == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}} Dear {{PAGENAME}}, {{quote|Join us this International Women’s Month to uncover hidden stories and reshape cultural narratives! Dive into an interactive workshop where we’ll illuminate gaps in folklore and women’s history on Wikipedia—and take action to ensure their legacies are written into history.}} Facilitated by '''Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight''', this workshop will explore how to identify and curate missing stories about women’s contributions to culture and heritage. Let’s work together to amplify voices that have been overlooked for far too long! == Event Details == * '''📅 Date''': Today (15 March 2025) * '''⏰ Time''': 4:00 PM UTC ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html Convert to your time zone]) * '''📍 Platform''': [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/87522074523?pwd=0EEz1jfr4i9d9Nvdm3ioTaFdRGZojJ.1 Zoom Link] * '''🔗 Session''': [[meta:Event:Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities|Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities]] * '''🆔 Meeting ID''': 860 8747 3266 * '''🔑 Passcode''': FNF@2025 == Participation == Whether you’re a seasoned editor or new to Wikipedia, this is your chance to contribute to a more inclusive historical record. ''Bring your curiosity and passion—we’ll provide the tools and guidance!'' '''Let’s make history ''her'' story too.''' See you there! Best regards,<br> '''Joris Quarshie'''<br> [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]] <div style="margin-top:1em; text-align:center;"> Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]] [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|msg]]) 07:15, 24 March 2025 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])&#32;([[:es:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frame A from Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo''''' (lit. 'Amazon: The Greatest River in the World') is a 1922 Brazilian silent documentary film produced in 1918 by Silvino Santos. It is a black-and-white film that portrays life in the Amazon rainforest. Completed in 1920, it is considered one of the oldest cinematic records of the Amazon. It was presumed lost in 1931 and only rediscovered in 2023 at the Czech Film Archive. Silvino Santos produced the work over three years using sophisticated cinematic techniques, which led it to be deemed of "immense artistic value" by Le Monde. It has also been described as the "Holy Grail of Brazilian silent cinema" by The Guardian. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 mas 2025 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28392163 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ali of the Eretnids]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:tr:Alaaddin Ali Bey]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ala al-Din Ali''' (January 1353 – August 1380) was the third Sultan of the Eretnids ruling from 1366 until his death. He inherited the throne at a very early age and was removed from administrative matters. He was characterized as particularly keen on personal pleasures, which later discredited his authority. During his rule, emirs under the Eretnids enjoyed considerable autonomy, and the state continued to shrink as neighboring powers captured several towns. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 mas 2025 à 01:59 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28433698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chilembwe uprising]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chilembwe supporters being led to be executed (cropped).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Chilembwe uprising''' was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his church in the village of Mbombwe in the south-east of the colony, the leaders of the revolt were mainly from an emerging black middle class. They were motivated by grievances against the British colonial system, which included forced labour, racial discrimination and new demands imposed on the African population following the outbreak of World War I. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 31 mas 2025 à 03:52 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:1930 Bago earthquake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:my:၁၉၃၀ ပဲခူးငလျင်]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Thiao Mueang Phama (1955, p. 165).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> An earthquake affected Myanmar on 5 May 1930 with a moment magnitude (Mw ) 7.4. The shock occurred 35 km (22 mi) beneath the surface with a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of IX (Devastating tremor). The earthquake was the result of rupture along a 131 km (81 mi) segment of the Sagaing Fault—a major strike-slip fault that runs through the country. Extensive damage was reported in the southern part of the country, particularly in Bago and Yangon, where buildings collapsed and fires erupted. At least 550, and possibly up to 7,000 people were killed. A moderate tsunami struck the Burmese coast which caused minor damage to ships and a port. It was felt for over 570,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi) and as far as Shan State and Thailand. The mainshock was followed by many aftershocks; several were damaging. The December earthquake was similarly sized which also occurred along the Sagaing Fault. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 7 avril 2025 à 01:54 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Museu de Zoologia da USP 02.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo''' (Portuguese: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, abbreviated MZUSP) is a public natural history museum located in the historic Ipiranga district of São Paulo, Brazil. The MZUSP is an educational and research institution that is part of the University of São Paulo. The museum began at the end of the 19th century as part of the Museu Paulista; in 1941, it moved into a dedicated building. In 1969 the museum became a part of the University of São Paulo, receiving its current name. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 avril 2025 à 02:27 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fear of crime]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ar:الخوف من الجريمة]])&#32;([[:it:Criminofobia]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fear of crime''' refers to the fear of being a victim of crime, which is not necessarily reflective of the actual probability of being such a victim. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 avril 2025 à 02:24 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28559524 --> == Invitation: Gendering the Archive - Building Inclusive Folklore Repositories (April 30th) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}} Dear {{PAGENAME}}, You are invited to a hands-on session focused on [[meta:Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation|Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation]]. This online workshop will guide participants on how to create, edit, and expand gender-inclusive folklore articles and multimedia archives on Wikipedia and Wikidata. The session will be led by Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu. === Objectives === * '''Design Inclusive Repositories:''' Learn best practices for structuring folklore archives that foreground gender perspectives. * '''Hands-On Editing:''' Practice creating and improving articles and items on Wikipedia and Wikidata with a gender-inclusive lens. * '''Collaborative Mapping:''' Work in small groups to plan new entries and multimedia uploads that document underrepresented voices. * '''Advocacy & Outreach:''' Discuss strategies to promote and sustain these repositories within your local and online communities. === Details === * '''Date:''' 30th April 2025 * '''Day:''' Wednesday * '''Time:''' 16:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone]) * '''Venue:''' Online (Zoom) * '''Speaker:''' Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu (Co-founder, Wikimedia Rwanda & Community Engagement Director) === How to Join === * '''Zoom Link:''' [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/89158738825?pwd=ezEgXbAqwq9KEr499DvJxSzZyXSVQX Join here] * '''Meeting ID:''' 891 5873 8825 * '''Passcode:''' FNF@2025 * '''Add to Calendar:''' [https://zoom.us/meeting/tZ0scuGvrTMiGNH4I3T7EEQmhuFJkuCHL7Ci/ics?meetingMasterEventId=Xv247OBKRMWeJJ9LSbX2hA Add to your calendar] '''' === Agenda === # Welcome & Introductions: Opening remarks and participant roll-call. # Presentation: Overview of gender-inclusive principles and examples of folklore archives. # Hands-On Workshop: Step-by-step editing on Wikipedia and Wikidata—create or expand entries. # Group Brainstorm: Plan future repository items in breakout groups. # Q&A & Discussion: Share challenges, solutions, and next steps. # Closing Remarks: Summarise key takeaways and outline follow-up actions. We look forward to seeing you there! Best regards,<br> Stella<br> Feminism and Folklore Organiser -[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 10:28, 24 April 2025 (UTC) </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=28399508 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Heritage preservation in South Korea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Korean.Dance-03.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The heritage preservation system of South Korea is a multi-level program aiming to preserve and cultivate Korean cultural heritage. The program is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), and the legal framework is provided by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act of 1962, last updated in 2012. The program started in 1962 and has gradually been extended and upgraded since then. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 avril 2025 à 00:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lhamana]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796 (cropped).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lhamana''', in traditional Zuni culture, are biologically male people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the pan-Indian two-spirit community. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 me 2025 à 07:29 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Gruppo del Sileno]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Parco3.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sileno ed Egle con Mnasilo e Cromi''', meglio noto come Gruppo del Sileno, è un monumento in marmo di Carrara, realizzato da Jean-Baptiste Boudard nel 1765 per il Giardino Ducale di Parma; sostituito nel 1991 con una copia in polvere di marmo e resina, l'originale si trova provvisoriamente nel chiostro della Fontana del monastero di San Paolo, in attesa della definitiva collocazione prevista all'interno del palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale nel parco Ducale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 me 2025 à 02:28 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28709947 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lorrin A. Thurston]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fi:Lorrin Thurston]])&#32;([[:ko:로린 A. 서스턴]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lorrinandrewsthurston1892.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lorrin Andrews Thurston''' (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was a Hawaiian citizen lawyer, politician, and businessman. Thurston played a prominent role in the revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom to replace Queen Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, with discreet US support for which Congress much later apologized. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916, he and his network lobbied with national politicians to create a national park to preserve the Hawaiian volcanoes. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 me 2025 à 02:33 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28731710 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Lamiera bugnata]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Tread plate]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Diamond Plate.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Una '''lamiera bugnata''' o mandorlata è una lamiera di metallo ottenuta dalla laminazione di una bramma attraverso rulli che, tramite punzonatura o goffratura, imprimono sulla lamina rilievi a forma di rombo o ellisse, detti bugne. Nel caso questi rilievi siano alternati singolarmente nei due assi, si parla di lamiera diamantata, mentre se le forme sono predisposte in maniera parallela per formare piccoli quadranti tra di loro tangenti, questo pattern viene identificato con il nome di mandorlato. We tend to ignore the fact that this type of plate is the only reason we don't slip when we walk on steel and wet or frozen surfaces. The Italian article it's short but quite complete, and has just the right amount of citations, unlike other poor languages' versions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 me 2025 à 06:04 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28751788 --> == Kanada == Bonjou, Nan paj [[Kanada]], mwen te wè ou te modifye infobox la avèk youn Wikipedya fransè. Tradiksyon an infobox sa a pa komplete, ou vle tradui li oubyen mwen ka fè sa mwen mèm ? (Petèt fen semèn sa a) [[Itilizatè:HalikhSovar78|HalikhSovar78]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:HalikhSovar78|diskisyon]]) 1 jen 2025 à 16:15 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Angelo azzurro (cocktail)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Ángel azul (cóctel)]])&#32;([[:fr:Ange bleu (cocktail)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Angelo Azzurro Cocktail.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''angelo azzurro''' è un cocktail alcolico italiano. È considerato uno dei cocktail più popolari in Italia negli anni novanta, insieme al B-52 e all'Invisibile. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 jen 2025 à 05:39 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fi:Kotiryssä]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Kotiryssä]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''kotiryssä''' (jocular Finnish: one’s home Russky or home Russian) was a Soviet or Russian contact person of a Finnish politician, bureaucrat, businessman or other important person. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 jen 2025 à 02:33 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Future self]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pl:Przyszła jaźń]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the psychology of self, the '''future self''' concerns the processes and consequences associated with thinking about oneself in the future. People think about their future selves similarly to how they think about other people. The extent to which people feel psychologically connected (e.g., similarity, closeness) to their future self influences how well they treat their future self. When people feel connected to their future self, they are more likely to save for retirement, make healthy decisions, and avoid ethical transgressions. Interventions that increase feelings of connectedness with future selves can improve future-oriented decision making across these domains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 jen 2025 à 02:18 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == You're invited: Feminism and Folklore Advocacy Session – June 20! == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> Hello {{PAGENAME}} [[File:Feminism and Folklore logo.svg | right | frameless]] We are pleased to invite you to an inspiring session in the Feminism and Folklore International Campaign Advocacy Series titled: 🎙️ Documenting Indigenous Women’s Wisdom: The Role of Grandmothers and Elders<br> 🗓 Friday, June 20, 2025<br> ⏰ 4:00 PM UTC<br> 🌍 Online – [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/86470824823?pwd=s7ruwuxrradtJNcZLVT9EyClb8g7ho.1 Zoom link]<br> 👤 Facilitator: Obiageli Ezeilo (Wiki for Senior Citizens Network)<br> Join us as we explore how the oral teachings of grandmothers and elders preserve cultural heritage and influence today’s feminist movements. Learn how to document these narratives using Wikimedia platforms! 🔗 Event Page & Details: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Documenting_Indigenous_Women%E2%80%99s_Wisdom:_The_Role_of_Grandmothers_and_Elders This session includes:<br> ✔️ A keynote presentation<br> ✔️ Story-sharing interactive segment<br> ✔️ Q&A + tools for documenting women’s wisdom on Wikimedia<br> We hope to see you there! Warm regards,<br> Stella<br> On behalf of Feminism and Folklore Team<br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 23:49, 17 June 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=28399508 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pictorial map]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:نقشه تصویری]])&#32;([[:ja:絵地図]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blake Britain Spearhead of Attack.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pictorial maps''' (also known as illustrated maps, panoramic maps, perspective maps, bird's-eye view maps, and geopictorial maps) depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style. It is a type of map in contrast to road map, atlas, or topographic map. The cartography can be a sophisticated 3-D perspective landscape or a simple map graphic enlivened with illustrations of buildings, people and animals. They can feature all sorts of varied topics like historical events, legendary figures or local agricultural products and cover anything from an entire continent to a college campus. Drawn by specialized artists and illustrators, pictorial maps are a rich, centuries-old tradition and a diverse art form that ranges from cartoon maps on restaurant placemats to treasured art prints in museums. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 jen 2025 à 01:18 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:QEUH.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' (QEUH) is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in Govan, in the south-west of Glasgow, Scotland. The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major Emergency Departments; one for adults and one for children. There is also an Immediate Assessment Unit for local GPs and out-of-hours services, to send patients directly, without having to be processed through the Emergency Department. The retained buildings from the former Southern General Hospital include the Maternity Unit, the Institute of Neurological Sciences, the Langlands Unit for medicine of the elderly and the laboratory. The whole facility is operated by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and is one of the largest acute hospital campuses in Europe. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 jen 2025 à 02:05 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Non-constituency Member of Parliament]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''Non-constituency Member of Parliament''' (NCMP) is a member of an opposition political party in Singapore who, as stipulated in Article 39 of the Constitution and the Parliamentary Elections Act, is declared to have been elected a Member of Parliament (MP) without constituency representation, despite having lost in a general election, by virtue of having been one of the opposition candidates with the highest vote shares among the unelected. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 7 jiyè 2025 à 02:10 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Immunolabeling]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Immunolabeling process image.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Immunolabeling''' is a biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ. Antigens are organic molecules, usually proteins, capable of binding to an antibody. These antigens can be visualized using a combination of antigen-specific antibody as well as a means of detection, called a tag, that is covalently linked to the antibody <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> ---[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 jiyè 2025 à 13:44 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28945528 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Vespa analis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Plumpy hornet on the ground - 1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Vespa analis''''', the yellow-vented hornet, is a species of common hornet found in Southeast Asia <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 jiyè 2025 à 01:28 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28984647 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Baía dos Porcos - Fernando de Noronha (32811749914).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha) is a national park in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 jiyè 2025 à 01:40 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29047614 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Xie Zhiliu]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Xie Zhiliu''' (Chinese: 谢稚柳; 1910–1997) was a leading traditional painter, calligrapher, and art connoisseur of modern China. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 4 out 2025 à 01:21 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29077280 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lethocerus patruelis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lethocerus patruelis.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lethocerus patruelis''''' is a giant water bug in the family Belostomatidae. It is native to southeastern Europe, through Southwest Asia, to Pakistan, India and Burma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 11 out 2025 à 02:20 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29085671 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ikiza]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:CIA map of Burundi and surrounding countries during 1972 killings.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Ikiza''' (variously translated from Kirundi as the Catastrophe, the Great Calamity, and the Scourge), or the Ubwicanyi (Killings), was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government, primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed, while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 out 2025 à 02:43 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Corallite]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Recent azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) - ZooKeys-227-001-g004.jpeg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''corallite''' is the skeletal cup, formed by an individual stony coral polyp, in which the polyp sits and into which it can retract. The cup is composed of aragonite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, and is secreted by the polyp. Corallites vary in size, but in most colonial corals they are less than 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 25 out 2025 à 02:18 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-36 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Diksam Plateau]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Dixam plateau (6407168437).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Diksam Plateau''' or Dixam Plateau (Arabic: دكسم) is a limestone plateau in Socotra, Yemen. The Firmihin forest, located east of the Dirhur canyon within the plateau, has the highest concentration of Dragon's Blood Trees on the entire island. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 1 septanm 2025 à 02:40 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Ttongsul]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ja:トンスル]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ttongsul (imitation).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''ttongsul''' (똥술), o vino di feci, è una tradizionale preparazione medicinale coreana con gradazione alcolica al 9% a base di feci, solitamente umane e preferibilmente di bambino. Nato probabilmente traendo spunto dalla medicina tradizionale cinese, nelle credenze popolari il vino di feci avrebbe proprietà benefiche per molti tipi di malesseri: sarebbe un rimedio per dolori muscolari, ustioni, infiammazioni, epilessia e fratture ossee. Sebbene alcuni media occidentali abbiano in passato riportato che questa bevanda sia diffusa tra la popolazione coreana, al giorno d'oggi un numero molto limitato di persone ne fa uso, dopo aver subito un declino di popolarità nei secoli scorsi, tanto che la maggioranza dei giovani coreani non ne ha mai sentito parlare. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 8 septanm 2025 à 02:28 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-38 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pak Kum-chol]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pak Kum-chol in 1961 (cropped).jpg|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pak Kum-chol''' was a North Korean politician. Having been a guerrilla during the anti-Japanese struggle, he became a high-ranking politician after the liberation of Korea. Pak aligned himself with his former guerrilla brothers in arms from the Kapsan Operation Committee to form a faction within the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) called the "Kapsan faction". This faction sought to replace Kim Il Sung with Pak. Kim retaliated by purging the faction in 1967 in what is known as the Kapsan faction incident. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 15 septanm 2025 à 02:18 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29249252 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Federation of Central America (1921–1922)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Federación de Centro América (1921-1922)]])&#32;([[:ar:اتحاد أمريكا الوسطى (1921-1922)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Central America's Northern Triangle (orthographic projection).png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Federation of Central America''' (Spanish: Federación de Centro América)[1] was a short-lived federal republic that existed in Central America between 1921 and 1922. The federation consisted of the Central American nations of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 septanm 2025 à 02:45 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29311347 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Palazzo delle Poste (Latina)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Postelittoria2.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Palazzo delle Poste''', fino al 1945 Ricevitoria Postelegrafonica di Littoria, è un edificio postale di Latina, situato in piazzale dei Bonificatori. Costruito nel 1932 in stile razionalista con influenze futuriste, riscontrabili nell'utilizzo di ampie superfici vetrate e di volumi verticali, oltre che per la presenza di l’utilizzo di materiali e scelte di design molto in voga all'epoca come, come i mattoni a vista, il travertino di Tivoli e l'Anticorodal (una lega di alluminio), ospita l'ufficio postale Latina Centro. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 septanm 2025 à 00:58 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-41 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Majed Abu Maraheel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Majed Abu Maraheel''' was a Palestinian long-distance runner, football player, security officer, and athletics coach, who was the first Palestinian to compete at the Olympic Games. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 6 oktòb 2025 à 12:48 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Abortion in Eritrea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In Eritrea, abortion is banned except on the grounds of pregnancy from rape or incest, pregnancy of a minor, or risk to physical or mental health. Legal abortions require medical or judicial approval. Prior to Eritrea's independence, it applied Ethiopia's abortion law of the 1950s, which banned abortion unless life-saving. After independence, the 1991 penal code adapted this law to lift punishments on abortions on the grounds of rape, incest, or risk to life or health, but legal abortions did not exist in effect. The penal codes of 2001 and 2015 required physicians to prove health grounds for abortion. Unsafe abortion is common and contributes to maternal mortality in Eritrea. Post-abortion care is unavailable in some regions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 13 oktòb 2025 à 01:06 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Auschwitz Liberated January 1945.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 27 January 1945, Auschwitz—a Nazi concentration camp and extermination camp in occupied Poland where more than a million people were murdered as part of the Nazis' "Final Solution" to the Jewish question—was liberated by the Soviet Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive. Although most of the prisoners had been forced onto a death march, about 7,000 had been left behind. The Soviet soldiers attempted to help the survivors and were shocked at the scale of Nazi crimes. The date is recognized as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 20 oktòb 2025 à 02:04 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29452019 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Black Diaries]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Black Diaries''' are diaries purported to have been written by the Irish revolutionary Roger Casement, which contained accounts of homosexual liaisons with young men. They cover the years 1903, 1910 and 1911 (two) and were handed in to Scotland Yard after his capture in April 1916. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 27 oktòb 2025 à 02:51 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29487357 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Consolations (Liszt)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Franz Liszt - Consolation No. 3, Lento placido.ogg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Consolations''', S. 171a/172 (German: Tröstungen) are a set of six solo piano works by Franz Liszt. The compositions take the musical style of nocturnes with each having its own distinctive style. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 novanm 2025 à 01:52 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29558323 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Marine coastal ecosystem]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Vegetation and fauna processes controlling benthic biogeochemical fluxes.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''marine coastal ecosystem''' is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types of marine habitats, each with their own characteristics and species composition. They are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and productivity. For example, estuaries are areas where freshwater rivers meet the saltwater of the ocean, creating an environment that is home to a wide variety of species, including fish, shellfish, and birds. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands which thrive on low-energy shorelines in temperate and high-latitude areas, populated with salt-tolerant plants such as cordgrass and marsh elder that provide important nursery areas for many species of fish and shellfish. Mangrove forests survive in the intertidal zones of tropical or subtropical coasts, populated by salt-tolerant trees that protect habitat for many marine species, including crabs, shrimp, and fish. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 novanm 2025 à 01:54 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29584005 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Elephant communication]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Three elephant's curly kisses.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Elephants communicate''' via touching, visual displays, vocalisations, seismic vibrations, and semiochemicals. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 novanm 2025 à 02:24 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Animal-made art]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Painting Queen 1024x768.png|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Animal-made art''' consists of works by non-human animals, that have been considered by humans to be artistic, including visual works, music, photography, and videography. Some of these are created naturally by animals, often as courtship displays, while others are created with human involvement. There have been debates about the copyright status of these works, with the United States Copyright Office stating in 2014 that works that lack human authorship cannot have their copyright registered at the US Copyright Office. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 novanm 2025 à 02:13 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> Bonjou Kitanago Mwen ekri w jis pou w sa banm yon ti limyè Pou kisa apre konkou wiki kreyolo yo, pa g on kote Ki montre ganyan yo ak prim ke yo resevwa an? == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Halachic state]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The term "'''halachic state'''" (Hebrew: מְדִינַת הֲלָכָה‎ Medīnat Hălāḵā) refers to a sovereign state that endorses Judaism in an official capacity and governs by Jewish religious law. It has been a subject of discussion among Orthodox Jews, particularly with regard to modern Israel, which, although a Jewish state, is not classified as a theocracy. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 1 desanm 2025 à 08:01 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ru:Сто лошадей]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:One Hundred Horses]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:A_Hundred_Steeds.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''One Hundred Horses''''' (Chinese: 百駿圖) is a Qing dynasty silk and ink painting by Giuseppe Castiglione. It was painted in 1728 for the Yongzheng emperor. The painting depicts a hundred horses in a variety of poses and activities, combining Western realism with traditional Chinese composition and brushwork. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 8 desanm 2025 à 02:29 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"><em>{{int:please-translate}}</em></div> Dear {{PAGENAME}}, Hope you’re doing well. I’m reaching out with some exciting updates about '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]'''. Thanks to the amazing support from organizers like you, the campaign has grown into one of the biggest and most collaborative initiatives in the entire Wikimedia movement. Your efforts have played a huge part in that, and we’re truly grateful. We’re hoping to make the 2026 edition even larger and even more community-driven. We’d be very happy to have you join again as an organizer. The sign-up process is simple this year: #Create your local event page (you can copy from the [[:m:Feminism_and_Folklore/Sample|sample]]) #Set up your Fountain or [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/campwiz/ CampWiz] campaign. #Add your campaign link to the 2026 '''[[:m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2026/Project_Page|registration list]]''' The focus of the campaign remains the same - creating or expanding Wikipedia content on feminism, women’s issues, gender topics, and diverse folk traditions from around the world. International and local prizes will continue as before. '''Special Prize for 2026:''' Every participant will receive a Wikipedia 25 digital postcard as a token of appreciation for contributing to the global movement during Wikipedia’s 25th anniversary year. This will be sent to all contributors who take part in the campaign. We’re also adding an optional one-time internet and childcare support for organizers who may need extra assistance to carry out their local campaign. This is entirely optional and meant to help those who might otherwise face challenges in organizing. More details will be shared soon. If you’re unable to organize this year, no worries at all - please feel free to share the invitation with others in your community who might be interested. If you have any questions or would like to discuss plans, you can reach us on the [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026|talk page]] or by email. Looking forward to collaborating again, '''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 desanm 2025 à 18:18 (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf25&oldid=29792058 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:First Universal Races Congress]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Premier Congrès universel des races]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Universal Races Congress seated outside the entrance to the Imperial Institute, London, 1911.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''First Universal Races Congress''' met in 1911 for four days at the University of London as an early effort at anti-racism. Speakers from a number of countries discussed race relations and how to improve them. The congress, with 2,100 attendees, was organised by prominent humanists of that era. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 15 desanm 2025 à 01:56 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29779168 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pin Malakul]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pin Malakul, January 1922.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pin Malakul''' (24 October 1903 – 5 October 1995) was a Thai professor, educator and writer. His contributions to education in Thailand include the establishment of various institutions of higher education, the introduction of fixed class schedules, and the implementation of teacher-training programmes. In his career he served as Director-General of the Department of General Education, later becoming Permanent Secretary, and Minister, of Education. He was also a member of the executive board of UNESCO. His writings earned him the title of National Artist in 1987, and the 100th anniversary of his birth was celebrated by the UNESCO in 2003 as recognition of his contribution to the advancement of education in Thailand and Southeast Asia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> -[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 desanm 2025 à 02:26 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Atik == Men mwen pral montre w atik sa a: <nowiki>https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZephyrMusic</nowiki> Sa a se yon mizisyen franse ki pa byen koni, li pa gen notoryete pou l gen yon atik sou Wikipedya. Li kreye plizyè kont pou l pale de tèt li. Atik sa a li menm te kreye l epi li gen anpil enfòmasyon trivial sou li, sa ki fè l fè pwomosyon pou tèt li isit la. Pèsonn pa konnen enfòmasyon sa yo sou li eksepte tèt li. Li se yon sockpuppet ki te deja pini anvan e menm yo te bloke kont li, men li kreye plizyè kont kòmsi li te yon sockpuppet pou l evite pinisyon. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2025-42618-52|&#126;2025-42618-52]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2025-42618-52|discussion]]) 23 desanm 2025 à 13:23 (UTC) :The user of the request above is using one of Amy Ivy's temporary accounts. This user is blocked on most other versions of Wikipedia for vandalism and spam, and they're doing it again; it's all they do all day. They enjoy destroying articles with small accounts and a large number of temporary ones. Look at Amy Ivy's main account to see for yourself. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2025-42722-69|&#126;2025-42722-69]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2025-42722-69|discussion]]) 24 desanm 2025 à 14:14 (UTC) ::Hello @[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]], this article has now been improved and sources have been added. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2025-43035-10|&#126;2025-43035-10]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2025-43035-10|discussion]]) 26 desanm 2025 à 03:55 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Morning of the Magicians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Le Matin des magiciens, couverture.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''The Morning of the Magicians: Introduction to Fantastic Realism''''' (French: Le Matin des magiciens: Introduction au réalisme fantastique) is a 1960 book by the journalists Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier. It covers topics like cryptohistory, ufology, occultism in Nazism, alchemy, spiritual philosophy. The second half of the book is entirely dedicated to the Nazi-Occult connections; the book is widely credited with the proliferation of numerous myths related to occultism in Nazism. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 desanm 2025 à 02:20 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Somaliland War of Independence]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Somaliland, fighters of the Somali National Movement (SNM), 1980s.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Somaliland War of Independence''' was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland, the Isaaq, including a declaration of economic warfare on the clan-family. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 janvye 2026 à 03:00 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29871911 --> == Atik == Gade atik nèg sa a; li pa satisfè kondisyon notoryete yo. Mizisyen sa a pa popilè, men l ap eseye ak tout pri pou l jwenn yon atik Wikipedya. Li deja kreye plizyè kont pou l pale de tèt li isit la. Se yon moun sòt; li ekri atik yo sou tèt li. Donk m ap mande w, kijan yon nèg konsa moun pa konnen ka gen tout enfòmasyon sa yo isit la? Menm bagay pèsonèl li yo nan atik sa a; li menm li ekri l, pa vre? San mansyone nouvèl sa yo, ki te piblikasyon peye oswa ki te ekri sou lòd li pou fè pwomosyon pou tèt li. Se yon moun ki anvi atansyon ak validasyon, men Wikipedya gen kritè pa l, epi li pa satisfè yo. Analize l epi efase l. →<nowiki>[https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZephyrMusic]</nowiki> [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-11261-6|&#126;2026-11261-6]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-11261-6|discussion]]) 6 janvye 2026 à 14:07 (UTC) :Bypassing [[metawiki:Special:CentralAuth/AmyIvy|AmyIvy]]<nowiki> user block through multiple temporary accounts + continuous spam and vandalism despite the warnings and blockages ~~~~</nowiki> [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-11577-7|&#126;2026-11577-7]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-11577-7|discussion]]) 6 janvye 2026 à 14:28 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Pietro Lauro]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Pietro Lauro]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Master I.A.V.F., Pietro Lauro, born 1508, Modenese Poet and Scholar (obverse), 1555, NGA 45072.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pietro Lauro''', conosciuto anche come Pietro Lauro Modonese o Pietro Lauro da Modona (Modena o dintorni, 1510 circa – Venezia, 1568 circa) è stato un traduttore, scrittore e divulgatore scientifico italiano. Nonostante non si conosca gran parte della sua biografia, fu uno dei poligrafi italiani più conosciuti del Cinquecento. La sua produzione raccoglie traduzioni dal latino, dal greco e dallo spagnolo e riguardano opere di autori classici, stranieri e protestanti. Lauro si dimostrò abile nel trattare testi con temi molto diversi, come la filosofia, l'architettura, la medicina, il giardinaggio, l'agronomia, le scienze biologiche, la storia, la teologia e l'astronomia. Si cimentò anche nella scrittura di un poema cavalleresco sullo stile di quelli spagnoli, il Polendo, sua magnum opus in questo senso. Aderente alla Riforma protestante, sebbene le sue trasposizioni siano state oggetto di critiche già degli autori a lui contemporanei, che le giudicarono troppo letterali, rozze e imparziali, a Lauro si deve il merito di aver ultimato la traduzione in lingua volgare di numerosi testi sia classici, sia scientifici, sia epistolari. I suoi lavori ebbero una notevole diffusione, non solo tra i letterati veneziani della sua epoca, ma in tutta Italia, tanto che alcune sue traduzioni vengono ancora oggi ristampate in nuove edizioni. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 janvye 2026 à 01:45 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29894468 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="padding: 1em 2em;"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear {{BASEPAGENAME}}, We are pleased to invite you to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and women. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support *For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. * Join the office hours on 23 January 2026 and connect with the international Team. ([[:m:Event:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 Office Hours|sign up now]]) If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp;[[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 janvye 2026 à 16:31 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf25&oldid=29949330 --> == Vandalis twòp sou yon peryòd tan ki long == Bonjou @[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]], yon itilizatè ki bloke pou abi kont ak vandalis ap itilize plizyè kont tanporè pou kontourne bloke a epi vandalize ansiklopedi a. Yo regilyèman vize menm atik la, retire paragraf ak sous nan medya serye menm apre yo fin etabli lejitimite atik la. Li ta pi bon pou pran aksyon kont plizyè kont tanporè pwoblèmatik sa yo oswa pou pwoteje paj la. Mèsi. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-38626-5|&#126;2026-38626-5]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-38626-5|discussion]]) 18 janvye 2026 à 22:51 (UTC) :Bonjou @[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]], moun ki kache dèyè kont tanporè yo pou vandalize a frape ankò. Piske yo pa gen anyen pi bon pou yo fè ak lavi yo, ou ta dwe pran mezi pou anpeche yo kontinye deranje Wikipedya. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-51934-9|&#126;2026-51934-9]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-51934-9|discussion]]) 24 janvye 2026 à 11:30 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Volto di Palazzo Vecchio]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Piazza della signoria angolo via della ninna, palazzo vecchio, cantonata con testa scolpita 02.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''volto di Palazzo Vecchio''' (conosciuto anche come L'importuno o L'inopportuno) è un incisione su pietraforte attibuita a Michelangelo Buonarroti, scolpita in una delle pietre di Palazzo Vecchio a Firenze. Secondo le varie leggende, il profilo sarebbe stato realizzato come graffito dall'artista toscano, con soggetto un suo importunatore, un debitore, un condannato a morte o se stesso. Nel 2020, gli studiosi hanno ipotizzato possa invece trattarsi di un ritratto di Francesco Granacci, pittore amico di Michelangelo. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 janvye 2026 à 02:14 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Raffaello Kobayashi]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Raffaello Kobayashi]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Raffaello Kobayashi''', nato Raffaele Sanzio (Bari, 14 gennaio 1917 – Yokohama, 1 aprile 2011), è stato un militare italiano naturalizzato giapponese. Sommergibilista durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, prestò servizio per tutte e tre le principali Potenze dell'Asse: Regno d'Italia, Germania nazista e Impero giapponese. Alla fine della guerra si nascose in Giappone per evitare di subire l'internamento in un campo di prigionia, divenendo poi cittadino nipponico e cambiando il proprio nome. Prese parte all'affondamento della HMS Calypso nel 1940, primo successo italiano in campo navale nel corso del conflitto mondiale. Con l'abbattimento di un bombardiere statunitense il 22 agosto 1945, otto giorni dopo il discorso di resa del Giappone alle potenze alleate della seconda guerra mondiale, a bordo del Comandante Cappellini, sarebbe stata l'ultima persona in assoluto a mettere fuori combattimento un velivolo degli Alleati nella stessa guerra. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 janvye 2026 à 02:05 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Censorship in the Czech Republic]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:cs:Cenzura v Česku]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Censorship in the Czech Republic''' had been highly active until 17 November 1989 and the fall of Communism in the former Czechoslovakia. Czech Republic was ranked as the 13th most free country in the World Press Freedom Index in 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 fevriye 2026 à 02:32 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!--Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240--> == Atik == Gade atik nèg sa a; li pa satisfè kondisyon notoryete yo. Mizisyen sa a pa popilè, men l ap eseye ak tout pri pou l jwenn yon atik Wikipedya. Li deja kreye plizyè kont pou l pale de tèt li isit la. Se yon moun sòt; li ekri atik yo sou tèt li. Donk m ap mande w, kijan yon nèg konsa moun pa konnen ka gen tout enfòmasyon sa yo isit la? Menm bagay pèsonèl li yo nan atik sa a; li menm li ekri l, pa vre? San mansyone nouvèl sa yo, ki te piblikasyon peye oswa ki te ekri sou lòd li pou fè pwomosyon pou tèt li. Se yon moun ki anvi atansyon ak validasyon, men Wikipedya gen kritè pa l, epi li pa satisfè yo. Analize l epi efase l. →<nowiki>https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZephyrMusic</nowiki> [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-72028-6|&#126;2026-72028-6]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-72028-6|discussion]]) 2 fevriye 2026 à 13:44 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jacquemart de Hesdin 002.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry''' is an illuminated book of hours commissioned by John, Duke of Berry between 1375 and 1385–90. It is known for its ornate miniature leaves and border decorations. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 fevriye 2026 à 03:59 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lysmata grabhami]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lysmata grabhami1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lysmata grabhami''''' is a species of saltwater shrimp in the family Hippolytidae. It was first described by Gordon in 1935. It occurs in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean and is a cleaner shrimp, operating a cleaning station to which fish come to have parasites removed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 fevriye 2026 à 13:45 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Elefante di Cremona]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Elefant von Cremona]])&#32;([[:eo:Elefanto de Cremona]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Matthew Paris Elephant from Parker MS 16 fol 151v.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''elefante di Cremona''' (Asia, prima del 1228 - Parma, gennaio 1248) fu un esemplare di elefante donato nel 1228 a Federico II di Svevia da parte del sultano ayyubide al-Malik al-Kamil durante gli incontri che porteranno alla Pace di Giaffa. Usato principalmente per le manifestazioni trionfali del sovrano, l'elefante è citato da numerosi cronachisti e testimoni dell'epoca ed è noto per aver trainato il Carroccio dopo la grande vittoria delle armate di Federico II nella battaglia di Cortenuova del 1237. Rimasto a lungo nell'immaginario popolare collettivo, l'animale venne ucciso durante alcuni scontri occorsi nelle settimane immediatamente precedenti alla battaglia di Parma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 fevriye 2026 à 11:43 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Atik == Gade atik nèg sa a; li pa satisfè kondisyon notoryete yo. Mizisyen sa a pa popilè, men l ap eseye ak tout pri pou l jwenn yon atik Wikipedya. Li deja kreye plizyè kont pou l pale de tèt li isit la. Se yon moun sòt; li ekri atik yo sou tèt li. Donk m ap mande w, kijan yon nèg konsa moun pa konnen ka gen tout enfòmasyon sa yo isit la? Menm bagay pèsonèl li yo nan atik sa a; li menm li ekri l, pa vre? San mansyone nouvèl sa yo, ki te piblikasyon peye oswa ki te ekri sou lòd li pou fè pwomosyon pou tèt li. Se yon moun ki anvi atansyon ak validasyon, men Wikipedya gen kritè pa l, epi li pa satisfè yo. Analize l epi efase l. →<nowiki>https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZephyrMusic</nowiki> [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-12378-61|&#126;2026-12378-61]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-12378-61|discussion]]) 25 fevriye 2026 à 18:44 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Treaty of the Danish West Indies]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:The Virgin islands of the United States of America; historical and descriptive, commercial and industrial facts, figures, and resources (1918) (14596880870).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Treaty of the Danish West Indies''' (Danish: Vestindiens traktat), officially the Convention between the United States and Denmark for cession of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Konventionen mellem USA og Danmark), was a 1916 treaty transferring sovereignty of the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the United States in exchange for a sum of US$25,000,000 in gold ($722 million in 2024) and a declaration from the United States that it would "not object to the Danish Government extending their political and economic interests to the whole of Greenland". It is one of the most recent permanent expansions of United States territory. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 mas 2026 à 02:43 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Steens Mountain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Steens Mountain near Andrews, Oregon.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Steens Mountain''' is a large fault-block mountain in the northwest United States, located in Harney County, Oregon. Stretching some fifty miles (80 km) north to south, on its east side it rises from the Alvord Desert at an elevation of about 4,200 feet (1,280 m) to 9,738 feet (2,968 m) at the summit. Steens Mountain is not part of a mountain range but is properly a single mountain, the largest of Oregon's fault-block mountains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 mas 2026 à 07:31 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Casque (anatomy)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''casque''' is an anatomical feature found in some species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In birds, it is an enlargement of the bones of the upper mandible or the skull, either on the front of the face, the top of the head, or both. The casque has been hypothesized to serve as a visual cue to a bird's sex, state of maturity, or social status; as reinforcement to the beak's structure; or as a resonance chamber, enhancing calls. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 mas 2026 à 02:43 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Etruscan sculpture]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frontone A del grande tempio di luni con concilio degli dei, 175-150 ac. ca. 01.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Etruscan sculpture''' was one of the most important artistic expressions of the Etruscan people, who inhabited the regions of Northern Italy and Central Italy between about the 9th century BC and the 1st century BC. Etruscan art was largely a derivation of Greek art, although developed with many characteristics of its own. Given the almost total lack of Etruscan written documents, a problem compounded by the paucity of information on their language—still largely undeciphered—it is in their art that the keys to the reconstruction of their history are to be found, although Greek and Roman chronicles are also of great help. Like its culture in general, Etruscan sculpture has many obscure aspects for scholars, being the subject of controversy and forcing them to propose their interpretations always tentatively, but the consensus is that it was part of the most important and original legacy of Italian art and even contributed significantly to the initial formation of the artistic traditions of ancient Rome. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 mas 2026 à 02:07 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pulse (nightclub)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Orlando FL Pulse Nightclub01.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pulse''' was a gay bar, dance club, and nightclub in Orlando, Florida, founded in 2004 by Barbara Poma and Ron Legler. On June 12, 2016, the club was the scene of the second-deadliest mass shooting by a single gunman in U.S. history, and the second-deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since the September 11 attacks. Forty-nine people were killed and 58 other people were injured. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 mas 2026 à 02:37 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tofana di Rozes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tofana di Rozes 04.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Tofana di Rozes''' (3,225 metres (10,581 ft)) is a mountain of the Dolomites in the Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. Located west of the resort of Cortina d'Ampezzo, the mountain's giant three-edged pyramid shape and its vertical south face, above the Falzarego Pass, makes it the most popular peak in the Tofane group, and one of the most popular in the Dolomites. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 6 avril 2026 à 12:27 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Very-low-calorie diet]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Green smoothie (8222465502).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''very-low-calorie diet''' (VLCD), also known as semistarvation diet and crash diet, is a type of diet with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption. VLCDs are defined as a diet of 800 kilocalories (3,300 kJ) per day or less. Modern medically supervised VLCDs use total meal replacements, with regulated formulations in Europe and Canada which contain the recommended daily requirements for vitamins, minerals, trace elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 13 avril 2026 à 02:56 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chromodoris willani]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Babosa de mar (Chromodoris willani), Anilao, Filipinas, 2023-08-24, DD 34.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Chromodoris willani''''', commonly known as Willan's chromodoris, is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. The species is named for the renowned nudibranch taxonomist Dr. Richard C. Willan. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 20 avril 2026 à 02:34 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30430366 --> cv48xu0l5535jh4x54ae2b1ms75m3ac 0 70518 881095 808119 2026-04-20T00:13:01Z Dostojewskij 12489 Fichye:Claudine Auger 1966.jpg 881095 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:Claudine Auger 1966.jpg|thumb|Claudine Auger (1966)]] '''Claudine Oger''', rele '''Claudine Auger''', ki fèt [[26 avril]] [[1941]] nan [[Pari]] ([[Frans]]) epi ki mouri [[18 desanm]] [[2019]]<ref>{{cite web|author1=|title=Décès de Claudine Auger, la première James Bond girl «frenchie»|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/culture/deces-de-claudine-auger-la-premiere-james-bond-girl-frenchie-20191219|website=[[Le Figaro]].fr|publisher=|date=2019-12-19|accessdate=}}</ref>, se yon [[Aktè|aktris]] [[Frans|fransèz]]. == Biyografi == Claudine Auger te marye avèk reyalizatè [[Pierre Gaspard-Huit]]<ref>[http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=416861].</ref>, epi, nan ane 1980 yo, avèk bizisman Peter Brent.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101103075101/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/entertainment/1995/11/12/1995-11-12_kiss_of_death.html].</ref> == Zèv li yo == === Sinema === * [[1958]] : ''[[Christine (fim, 1958)|Christine]] '' de [[Pierre Gaspard-Huit]] * [[1960]] : ''[[Le Testament d'Orphée]]'' de [[Jean Cocteau]] * [[1960]] : ''[[Terrain vague (fim)|Terrain vague]]'' de [[Marcel Carné]] * [[1961]] : ''[[Les Moutons de Panurge]]'' de [[Jean Girault]] (sous le nom d'Elena Cardy) * [[1961]] : ''[[Les Sept Péchés capitaux (fim, 1962)|Les Sept Péchés capitaux]]'' : ''L'Envie'' d'[[Édouard Molinaro]] * [[1962]] : ''[[À la française (fim)|À la française]]'' ''(In the French Style)'' de [[Robert Parrish]] * [[1962]] : ''[[Le Masque de fer (fim, 1962)|Le Masque de fer]]'' d'[[Henri Decoin]] (Isabelle de Saint-Marc) * [[1963]] : ''[[Kali Yug, déesse de la vengeance]]'' de [[Mario Camerini]] * [[1963]] : ''[[Le Mystère du temple hindou]]'' de [[Mario Camerini]] * [[1965]] : ''[[Yoyo (fim)|Yoyo]]'' de [[Pierre Etaix]] (Isolina) * [[1965]] : ''[[Opération Tonnerre]]'' de [[Terence Young]] (Domino) * [[1966]] : ''[[La Fantastique Histoire vraie d'Eddie Chapman]]'' (''Triple Cross'') de [[Terence Young]] * [[1966]] : ''[[Belfagor le Magnifique]]'' d'[[Ettore Scola]] (Magdalena) * [[1966]] : ''[[L'Homme de Marrakech]]'' de [[Jacques Deray]] * [[1966]] : ''[[Opération San Gennaro]]'' (''Operazione San Gennaro'') de [[Dino Risi]] * [[1967]] : ''[[Jeux d'adultes (fim, 1967)|Jeux d'adultes]]'' (''Il padre di famiglia'') de [[Nanni Loy]] : Adriana * [[1967]] : ''[[Jeu de massacre]]'' d'[[Alain Jessua]] : Jacqueline Meyrand * [[1968]] : ''[[Escalation]]'' de [[Roberto Faenza]] : Carla Maria Mannini * [[1968]] : ''[[Flammes sur l'Adriatique]]'' d'[[Alexandre Astruc]] * [[1969]] : ''[[Le Bâtard (fim, 1968)|Le Bâtard]]'' (''I Bastardi'') de [[Duccio Tessari]] (Barbara) * [[1971]] : ''[[Un peu de soleil dans l'eau froide]]'' de [[Jacques Deray]] (Nathalie) * [[1971]] : ''[[La Baie sanglante]]'' de [[Mario Bava]] (Renata) * [[1972]] : ''[[Les ordres sont les ordres]]'' (''Gli ordini sono ordini'') de [[Franco Giraldi]] * [[1972]] : ''[[Meurtres au soleil]]'' (''Un verano para matar'') d'[[Antonio Isasi-Isasmendi]] : Michèle * [[1975]] : ''[[Flic Story]]'' de [[Jacques Deray]] (Catherine) * [[1975]] : ''[[L'Intrépide (fim, 1975)|L'Intrépide]]'' de [[Jean Girault]] * [[1976]] : ''[[Que C'est Triste Paris]]'' (Le japonais: パリの哀愁) * [[1978]] : ''[[Un papillon sur l'épaule]]'' de [[Jacques Deray]] ː fanm avèk manto * [[1979]] : ''[[L'Associé (fim, 1978)|L'associé]]'' de [[René Gainville]] ː Agnès Pardot * [[1979]] : ''[[Fantastica]]'' de [[Gilles Carle]] ː Johanna MacPherson * [[1981]] : ''[[Une Langouste au petit-déjeuner]]'' de [[Giorgio Capitani]] * [[1982]] : ''[[Les Secrets de la princesse de Cadignan (fim)|Les Secrets de la princesse de Cadignan]]'' de [[Jacques Deray]] daprè [[Honoré de Balzac]] : [[Diane de Maufrigneuse|La princesse de Cadignan]] * [[1989]] : ''[[Il Frullo del passero / La Femme de mes amours]]'' de [[Gianfranco Mingozzi]] ː vèv Dino * [[1993]] : ''[[Les Vaisseaux du cœur]]'' d'[[Andrew Birkin]] ː manman Georges === Televizyon === * [[1974]] : ''[[Les Oiseaux de Meiji Jingu (seri)|Les Oiseaux de Meiji Jingu]]'' de [[André Michel]] * [[1983]] : ''[[Credo (fim)|Credo]]'' de [[Jacques Deray]] * [[1994]] : ''[[The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes - The Three Gables (seri)|The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes - The Three Gables]]'' de [[Peter Hammond]] * [[1998]] : ''[[Le Rouge et le Noir (fim, 1998)|Le Rouge et le Noir]]'' de [[Jean-Daniel Verhaeghe]] == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000805/ Claudine Auger] sou IMDb {{DEFAULTSORT:Auger, Claudine}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè franse]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1941]] [[Kategori:Lanmò 2019]] qmcdwifue3kxel869x5t3c6r83nyifs 0 97373 881128 881049 2026-04-20T07:33:39Z 1104s72 38991 881128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{IPA|pa|gʊɾuː goːbɪn̪d̪ᵊ sɪ́ŋgᵊ}}{{Pwononsyasyon API|pa|gʊɾuː goːbɪn̪d̪ᵊ sɪ́ŋgᵊ}}; fèt kòm '''Gobind Das''';{{efn|His birth name being Gobind Rai is apocryphal.}} 22 Desanm 1666 – 7 Oktòb 1708)<ref name="eos">{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiE-l/page/n101|title=Gobind Singh, Guru (1666–1708)|last=Ganda Singh|website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism|publisher=Punjabi University Patiala|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729230458/http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx|archive-date=29 July 2017|access-date=7 March 2016}}</ref> te dizyèm ak dènye Gouru Sikh<ref name=":0" /> Imen an.Ann 1675, ak laj nèf an, li te ofisyèlman nonmen chèf Sikh yo apre papa’l , [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] —nevyèm Gouru [[Sikhi|Sikh]] la — te egzekite pa anperè Aurangzeb . Pami kontribisyon remakab li yo nan Sikhi genyen fondasyon kominote gèrye ''Sikh'' yo rele ''Khalsa'' an 1699 <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/gobindsingh.shtml|title=BBC Religions – Sikhism|date=26 October 2009|publisher=BBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123020041/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/gobindsingh.shtml|archive-date=23 January 2011|access-date=30 July 2011}}</ref> e entwodiksyon ''Senk K yo'', senk atik lafwa ke Sikh Khalsa yo dwe mete tout tan. Yo bay Guru Gobind Singh kredi pou ''Dasam Granth'' ki kanntik im sakre ki fè pati priyè Sikh yo ak rituèl Khalsa yo. <ref name="britdasam">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dasam-Granth|title=Dasam Granth &#124; Sikh writings &#124; Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|access-date=29 March 2023}}</ref> Anplis, yo bay’l kredi tou kòm moun ki te finalize epi mete ''Guru Granth Sahib'' la kòm prensipal ekriti sakre relijye Sikh la ak [[Guru (mèt espirityèl)|Guru]] etènèl la. Li te etabli tou konsèp ''Guru Panth'' kòm siksesè espirityèl li. Yo sonje Guru Gobind Singh kòm fondatè Paonta Sahib (ann 1685) ak Damdama Sahib (ann 1705). c02z29ff1x9akycnitmbwwoetqlbiyl 0 97378 881118 881024 2026-04-20T04:35:52Z 1104s72 38991 881118 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Vankivè''' (ke moun isit yo konn kòm Vancouver) se yon gwo vil nan lwès Kanada, ki sitiye nan rejyon “tè pwensipal ki pi ba a” ann British Columbia. Se vil ki gen plis popilasyon nan pwovens lan, resansman Kanadyen a nan lane 2021 an la te konte 662,248 moun nan resansman an, konpare ak 631,486 an 2016. Pandan sa a, zòn metwopoliten prensipal ki anba a te rive apeprè 2.6 milyon moun an 2021, sa ki fè li twazyèm pi gwo zòn metwopolitèn nan Kanada . Granvankivè, ansanm ak Fraser Valley, Zòn nan enkli Lower Mainland la, ki gen yon popilasyon rejyonal ki depase 3 milyon moun. Vankivè genyen pi gwo dansite popilasyon nan Kanada, ak plis pase 5,700 moun pou chak kilomèt kare (15,000 pou chak mil kare), epi li klase kòm katriyèm pi wo nan Amerik di Nò (apre [[Nouyòk|vil Nouyòk]], [[San Francisco, Kalifòni|San Francisco]], ak [[Meksiko|vil Meksiko]] ). == Vankivè se youn nan vil ki gen pli divèsite etnik ak lengwistik nan Kanada: 49.3 pousan nan rezidan li yo pa pale angle natif natal, 47.8 pousan pa pale ni angle ni franse natif natal, epitou 54.5 pousan nan rezidan yo fè pati gwoup minorite vizib yo . <ref name="VancouverCityMinority2021">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&HEADERlist=30&SearchText=vancouver|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Vancouver, City (CY) British Columbia [Census subdivision] Visible minority|last=Government of Canada|date=October 26, 2022|website=Statistics Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027012129/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&HEADERlist=30&SearchText=vancouver|archive-date=October 27, 2022|access-date=October 26, 2022}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915022&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&Data=Count&SearchText=vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1|title=Census Profile 2016 Census Greater Vancouver|date=February 8, 2017|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002180520/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915022&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&Data=Count&SearchText=vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1|archive-date=October 2, 2018|access-date=October 2, 2018}}</ref> Li te toujou klase kòm youn nan vil ki pi bon pou viv nan Kanada ak nan mond lan. An tèm de lojman abòdab, Vankivè se youn nan vil ki pi chè nan Kanada ak nan mond lan tou. Vankivism se filozofi konsepsyon planifikasyon iben vil la. Viv endijènn vankivè yo te kòmanse plis pase 10,000 ane de sa e yo te gen ladan yo pèp Squamish, Musqueam, ak Tsleil-Waututh (Burrard) . Kòmansman vil modèn nan, ki t’ rele Gastown okòmansman, te grandi otou sit yon tavèn enprovize sou bò lwès Hastings Mill ki te bati nan dat 1ye jiyè 1867, e ki te pou pwopriyetè Gassy Jack . Revèy vapè gasvil nan make sit orijinal la. Lè sa a, Gastown te anrejistre ofisyèlman kòm yon sit vil ki te rele Granville, Burrard Inlet . Yo te chanje non vil la pou "Vancouver" an 1886 atravè yon akò avèk Canadian Pacific Railway . Chemennfè transkontinantal Canadian Pacific la te pwolonje rive nan vil la an 1887. Gwo pò maritim natirèl vil la sou [[Oseyan Pasifik]] la te vin tounen yon lyen vital nan komès ant Azi Pasifik, Azi de Lès, [[Ewòp]], ak Lès Kanada . Vankivè te òganize anpil konferans ak evènman entènasyonal, tankou Commonwealth 1954 yo, Habitat I Nasyonzini, Expo 86, APEC Kanada 1997, Je Mondyal Lapolis ak Ponpye ann 1989 ak 2009, plizyè joue nan Koup di Mond Fi FIFA 2015 la, tankou final yo nan BC Place nan sant vil Vancouver, <ref name="FIFA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/organisation/media/newsid=2035770/index.html|title=FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015™ match schedule unveiled|date=March 21, 2013|publisher=[[FIFA]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426020740/http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/organisation/media/newsid=2035770/index.html|archive-date=April 26, 2013|access-date=April 30, 2013}}</ref> ak Olenpik ak Paralenpik Ivè 2010 yo ki te fèt nan Vancouver ak Wislè, yon kominote vakans 125 kilomèt (78 mi) ann nò vil la. <ref name="V2010">{{Cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/vancouver-2010-winter-olympics|title=Vancouver 2010 Schedule|year=2010|website=olympic.org|publisher=International Olympic Committee|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707172444/http://www.olympic.org/vancouver-2010-winter-olympics|archive-date=July 7, 2011|access-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> Ann 1969, Greenpeace te fonde nan Vancouver. Vil la te vin tounen kay pèmanan konferans TED yo an 2014. == Etimoloji == Vil la pran non li nan non George Vancouver, ki te eksplore pò enteryè Burrard Inlet an 1792 epi ki t’bay plizyè kote non britanik. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/vancouver_george_4E.html|title=Dictionary of Canadian Biography: George Vancouver|website=biography.ca|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203064456/http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/vancouver_george_4E.html|archive-date=February 3, 2018}}</ref> Non fanmi '''“Vancouver”''' la soti nan ekspresyon olandè '''“van Coevorden”''', ki vle di yon moun ki soti nan vil Coevorden nan Peyi Ba yo. Zansèt eksploratè a te rive ann Angletè kòm yon moun “soti Coevorden”, e se nan orijin sa a non an te devlope piti piti pou vin tounen '''“Vancouver”''', oswa '''“Vankivè”''' an kreyòl. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vancouverhistory.ca/archives_coevorden.htm|title=Coevorden|last=Davis|first=Chuck|website=The History of Metropolitan Vancouver|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610231756/http://www.vancouverhistory.ca/archives_coevorden.htm|archive-date=June 10, 2011|access-date=June 7, 2011}}</ref> Moun endijèn Squamish yo, Moun ki te abite nan rejyon sa a, ki enkli sidwès Kolonbi Britanik ak zòn kote vil la ye jodi a, te rele l '''K’emk’emeláy̓''', yon non ki vle di “kote ki gen anpil pye erab.” Okòmansman, sa te non yon vilaj kote yo te viv. Apre sa, Edward Stamp te mete yon moulen siri la kòm yon pati nan premye koloni britanik la, ki pita vin fè pati vil Vancouver Nan dyalèk Halkomelem ki ba rivyè a (hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓) ke Musqueam yo pale a, pa gen yon tèm espesifik pou Vankivè. Okontrè, te gen non pou vilaj espesifik ak karakteristik peyizaj ke moun yo te konn byen nan zòn kote Vankivè ye kounye a, kontrèman ak karakteristik jewografik ki pi laj. Rejyon kote Vancouver ye kounya t rele pa Stó꞉lō yo nan dyalèk Halkomelem ki monte rivyè a {{Lang|hur|Lhq’á:lets}}, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ufv.ca/media/assets/modern-languages/halqemeylem/Hal-Dic-Hal-Eng-(Stolo-Dictionary).doc|title=Stolo Dictionary|publisher=[[University of the Fraser Valley]]|format=DOC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703015509/https://www.ufv.ca/media/assets/modern-languages/halqemeylem/Hal-Dic-Hal-Eng-(Stolo-Dictionary).doc|archive-date=July 3, 2020|access-date=January 10, 2020|quote="Lhq'á:lets Vancouver"}}</ref> ki vle di "laj nan pati anba/nan bout la". Moun ki pale dyalèk zile Halkomelem nan te refere a rejyon Vancouver kòm {{Lang|hur|sqwx̌wam̓ush}} oubyen {{Lang|hur|skwóm̓esh}}, ki refere a Squamish yo, <ref name="rozen" /> oubyen kòm {{Lang|hur|Pankúpe7}}, yon transliterasyon mo angle "Vancouver" la. == Istwa == === Anvan 1850 === Dosye [[Akeyoloji|akeyolojik]] yo endike ke pèp Aborijèn yo te deja ap viv nan zòn Vankivè a soti nan 8,000 a 10,000 ane de sa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://home.istar.ca/~bthom/LONGTERM-FIN.htm|title=Stó:lo Culture – Ideas of Prehistory and Changing Cultural Relationships to the Land and Environment|last=Thom|first=Brian|year=1996|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070718061334/http://home.istar.ca/~bthom/LONGTERM-FIN.htm|archive-date=July 18, 2007|access-date=November 23, 2006}}</ref> Pèp Squamish, Musqueam, ak Tsleil-Waututh (Burrard) ki fè pati gwoup Coast Salish la <ref>{{Atik ansiklopedik|title=Vancouver|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/vancouver|access-date=July 2, 2021|archive-date=July 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720053605/https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/vancouver}}</ref> te te gen vilaj nan plizyè zòn ki jodi a fè pati Vankivè, tankou Stanley Park, False Creek, Kitsilano, Point Grey, ansanm ak bò kote bouch Rivyè Fraser la Ewopayen yo te vin abitye ak zòn ki te pral rele Vancouver a lè José María Narváez, yon [[Anpi espanyòl|peyi Espay,]] te eksplore kòt Point Grey aktyèl la ak kèk pati nan Burrard Inlet an 1791—byenke yon otè di ke Francis Drake te ka vizite zòn nan an 1579. [[Fichye:Draft_of_Major_Matthews_map_of_Vancouver's_indigenous_place_names.tif|vignette|Bouyon katt jeyografik vil ak moniman ak non endijèn yo, Burrard Inlet ak English Bay, pa achivis Vancouver JS Matthews.]] Eksploratè ak machann Konpayi Nòdwès la, Simon Fraser, ak ekipaj li a te vin premye Ewopeyen yo konnen ki te mete pye sou sit vil aktyèl la. An 1808, yo te vwayaje soti nan lès desann Rivyè Fraser la, petèt rive jis Point Grey. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.caroun.com/Countries/America/Canada/Vancouver/2-VancouverHistory.html|title=History of City of Vancouver|website=Caroun.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329195141/http://www.caroun.com/Countries/America/Canada/Vancouver/2-VancouverHistory.html|archive-date=March 29, 2007|access-date=January 17, 2007}}</ref> === Kwasans bonè === [[Fichye:Maple_Tree_Corner_Vancouver_1886.jpg|vignette|Vi Gastown soti nan Carrall ak Water Street an 1886. Gastown te yon koloni ki byen vit vin tounen yon sant komès sou Burrard Inlet.]] Lafyèv lò Fraser an 1858 la te mennen plis pase 25,000 gason, sitou moun [[Kalifòni]], nan New Westminster ki toupre a (fonde 14 fevriye 1859) sou rivyè Fraser la, sou wout yo pou ale nan Fraser Canyon, pou yo pa pase sou sa ki t ap vin Vankivè. Vankivè se pami vil ki pi jèn nan British Columbia; premye koloni Ewopeyen an nan sa ki rele Vankivè kounya pa t fèt jiskaske 1862 nan McCleery's Farm sou rivyè Fraser la, jis nan lès ansyen vilaj Musqueam nan sa ki rele Marpole kounya. Yo t’etabli yon moulen syaj nan Moodyville (kounye a se Vil North Vancouver ) an 1863, sa ki te kòmanse yon relasyon long vil la ak eksplwatasyon bwa. Moulen Kapitèn Edward Stamp te byen vit swiv li sou rivaj sid bè a. Stamp, ki te kòmanse koupe bwa nan zòn Port Alberni a, te premye eseye opere yon moulen nan Brockton Point, men kouran difisil ak resif te fòse yo deplase operasyon an an 1867 nan yon pwen toupre pye Dunlevy Street. Moulen sa a, ke yo te konnen kòm Hastings Mill, te vin tounen nwayo alantou ki Vancouver te fòme. Wòl santral moulen an nan vil la te diminye apre rive Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) nan ane 1880 yo. Li te kanmenm rete enpòtan pou ekonomi lokal la jiskaske li te fèmen nan ane 1920 yo. Koloni an, ke yo te vin rele Gastown, te pwolifere alantou tavèn enprovize orijinal Gassy Jack te etabli an 1867 sou limit pwopriyete Hastings Mill la. <ref name="Horizons" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gastown.org/history/index.html|title=Welcome to Gastown|date=March 28, 2008|publisher=Gastown Business Improvement Society|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125034053/http://www.gastown.org/history/index.html|archive-date=November 25, 2009|access-date=December 5, 2009}}</ref> An 1870, gouvènman kolonyal la te fè yon sondaj sou koloni an epi li te trase yon teren pou vil la, yo te chanje non li " Granvil " an onè Sekretè Deta Britanik pou Koloni yo nan epòk sa a, Lord Granville . Sit sa a, ak pò natirèl li a, te chwazi an 1884 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vancouverhistory.ca/chronology.html|title=Chronology[1757–1884]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610223324/http://www.vancouverhistory.ca/chronology.html|archive-date=June 10, 2011|access-date=June 7, 2011}}</ref> kòm tèminal pou Chemen Fè Kanadyen Pasifik la, sa ki te desevwa Pò Moudi, Nouvo Lwèsminstè ak Viktwayè, ki te tout ap konkoure pou yo te ka sèvi kòm tèt chemennfè a. Yon chemennfè te pami rezon ki te pouse Kolonbi Britanik rantre nan Konfederasyon an an 1871, men Eskandal Pasifik la ak diskisyon sou itilizasyon travayè Chinwa yo te retade konstriksyon an jiska ane 1880 yo. === Enkòporasyon === [[Fichye:First_Vancouver_Council_Meeting_after_fire.jpg|gauche|vignette|Premye reyinyon Konsèy Minisipal Vancouver apre gwo dife Vancouver an 1886]] Vil Vankivè te enkòpore nan dat 6 avril 1886, menm ane premye tren transkontinantal la te rive. Prezidan CPR a , William Van Horne, te rive Pò Moudi pou etabli tèminal CPR a ke Henry John Cambie te rekòmande epi li te bay vil la non li an lonè George Vancouver . Gwo dife Vankivè a, nan dat 13 jen 1886, te ravaje tout vil la. Depatman Ponpye Vankivè a te etabli nan menm ane a epi vil la te rebati byen vit. Popilasyon vankivè a te ogmante soti nan yon koloni 1,000 moun an 1881 pou rive nan plis pase 20,000 nan kòmansman syèk la epi 100,000 an 1911. === 20yèm syèk la === [[Fichye:RCMP_1938_sitdowner_strike.jpg|vignette|Ofisye RCMP an sivil atake manifestan Sendika Travayè Kan Sekou yo an 1938. Plizyè manifestasyon kont chomaj te fèt nan vil la pandan [[Gwo Depresyon|Gran Depresyon]] an.]] [[Fichye:Downtown_celebrations_at_the_end_of_World_War_II,_VPL_42793_(17106384760).jpg|vignette|Selebrasyon nan sant vil la nan fen [[Dezyèm Gè mondyal|Dezyèm Gè Mondyal la]]]] Dominasyon gwo biznis yo sou ekonomi an te akonpaye pa yon mouvman travayè ki souvan te militan. Premye gwo grèv senpati a te fèt an 1903 lè anplwaye chemennfè yo te fè grèv kont CPR a pou yo te rekonèt sendika a. Lidè travayè Frank Rogers te mouri anba men lapolis CPR pandan l t ap fè pikèt sou waf yo, sa ki te fè l vin premye mati mouvman a nan kolonbi britik. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.labourheritagecentre.ca/shooting-frank-rogers/|title=The Shooting of Frank Rogers|last=BC Labour Heritage Centre|date=April 16, 2018|website=Working People Built BC|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919084337/https://www.labourheritagecentre.ca/shooting-frank-rogers/|archive-date=September 19, 2024|access-date=September 19, 2024}}</ref> : 39–41 Ogmantasyon tansyon endistriyèl nan tout pwovens lan te mennen premye grèv jeneral Kanada a an 1918, nan min chabon Cumberland yo sou zile Vancouver . <ref name="phillips" /> : 71–74 Apre yon kalmi nan ane 1920 yo, vag grèv la te rive nan pik li an 1935 lè gason ki pa t gen travay te anvayi vil la pou pwoteste kont kondisyon nan kan sekou militè yo t ap dirije nan zòn izole nan tout pwovens lan. Apre de mwa manifestasyon chak jou ki te gen anpil tansyon, grèvis kan sekou yo te deside pote plent yo bay gouvènman federal la epi yo te antame On-to-Ottawa Trek la, <ref name="Brown 1987" /> men manifestasyon yo te kraze pa fòs. Travayè yo te arete toupre Mission epi yo te entène yo nan kan travay pandan tout dire Depresyon an. Gen lòt mouvman sosyal, tankou [[Premye vag feminis la|premye vag mouvman feminis]] la, refòm moral la, ak mouvman tanperans lan, ki te jwe yon wòl enpòtan tou nan devlopman Vancouver. Mary Ellen Smith, yon sifrajis ak entèdiksyonis Vancouver, te vin premye fanm ki te eli nan yon lejislati pwovens nan Kanada an 1918. : 172 Pwoyibisyon alkòl la te kòmanse pandan Premye Gè Mondyal la epi li te dire jiska 1921 lè gouvènman pwovens lan te etabli kontwòl sou lavant alkòl, yon pratik ki toujou an plas jodi a. <ref name="robin" /> : 187–188 Premye lwa sou dwòg Kanada a te vini apre yon ankèt minis federal Travay la ak fiti premye minis la, William Lyon Mackenzie King, te fè. Yo te voye King pou mennen ankèt sou reklamasyon domaj ki te soti nan yon revòlt lè Lig Esklizyon Azyatik la te mennen yon masak nan Chinatown ak Japantown . De nan moun ki te pote plent yo te manifaktirè opyòm, epi apre plis ankèt, King te jwenn ke fanm blan yo te rapòte ke yo te frekante twou opyòm ansanm ak gason Chinwa . Yo te byen vit pase yon lwa federal ki entèdi fabrike, vann ak enpòtasyon opyòm pou rezon ki pa medsinal ki baze sou revelasyon sa yo. Revòlt sa yo, ak fòmasyon Lig Esklizyon Azyatik la, aji tou kòm siy yon laperèz ak mefyans k ap grandi anvè Japonè k ap viv nan vankivè ak nan tout BC. Laperèz sa yo te vin pi mal ak atak sou Pearl Harbor ki te mennen nan entènman oswa deportasyon tout Japonè-Kanadyen k ap viv nan vil la ak nan pwovens lan. Apre lagè a, yo pa t pèmèt gason ak fanm Japonè-Kanadyen sa yo retounen nan vil tankou Vancouver, sa ki te lakòz zòn tankou Japantown nou te mansyone pi wo a sispann rete zòn etnikman Japonè paske kominote yo pa t janm reviv. == Jewografi == [[Fichye:Vancouver_by_Sentinel-2.jpg|alt=|gauche|vignette|Imaj satelit Metro Vankivè (2018)]] Sitiye sou penensil Burrard la, Vankivè sitiye ant Burrard Inlet nan nò ak rivyè Fraser nan sid. Detwa Georgia a, nan lwès, pwoteje kont Oseyan Pasifik la pa zile Vancouver . Vil la gen yon sifas 115.18 km2 , ki gen ladan tè plat ak tè ki gen mòn; li sitiye nan Ekozòn Maritim Pasifik la. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/soer-ree/English/Framework/Nardesc/pacmar_e.cfm|title=Pacific Maritime Ecozone|date=April 11, 2005|publisher=Environment Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040621163804/http://www.ec.gc.ca/soer-ree/English/Framework/Nardesc/pacmar_e.cfm|archive-date=June 21, 2004|access-date=December 1, 2009}}</ref> Jiskaske yo te bay vil la non sa a an 1885, "Vancouver" te vle di zile Vancouver, epi li rete yon move konsepsyon komen ke vil la sitiye sou zile a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://1canada.ca/?p=1159|title=Vancouver Is Not On Vancouver Island|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105042253/http://1canada.ca/?p=1159|archive-date=November 5, 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbvancouverisland-bc.com/victoria-island-is-vancouver-island.html|title=Vancouver Island – "Victoria Island" and other Misconceptions|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905043543/http://www.bbvancouverisland-bc.com/victoria-island-is-vancouver-island.html|archive-date=September 5, 2011|access-date=June 7, 2011}}</ref> Ni zile a ni vil la pote non Kapitèn George Vancouver nan Royal Navy a (menm jan ak vil [[Vancouver, Washington]], Ozetazini). Vancouver gen youn nan pi gwo pak iben nan Amerik di Nò, Stanley Park, ki kouvri 404.9 ha (1,001 kawo tè) . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.world66.com/northamerica/canada/britishcolumbia/vancouver|title=World66 – Vancouver Travel Guide|website=World 66|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060513001153/http://www.world66.com/northamerica/canada/britishcolumbia/vancouver|archive-date=May 13, 2006|access-date=October 18, 2006}}</ref> Mòn North Shore yo domine peyizaj vil la, epi nan yon jou ki klè, bèl peyizaj yo enkli vòlkan Mount Baker ki kouvri ak nèj nan eta Washington nan sidès la, zile Vancouver lòt bò detwa Georgia nan lwès ak sidwès, ak zile Bowen nan nòdwès la. <ref name="aboutvancouver">{{Cite web|url=http://vancouver.ca/aboutvan.htm|title=About Vancouver|date=November 17, 2009|publisher=City of Vancouver|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201103409/http://vancouver.ca/aboutvan.htm|archive-date=December 1, 2010|access-date=December 1, 2009}}</ref> === Ekoloji === Vejetasyon nan zòn vankivè a te okòmansman [[Forè tanpere imid|yon forè twopikal tanpere]], ki te konpoze de konifè ak ti moso erab ak aln gaye toupatou epi gwo zòn marekaj (menm nan zòn montay yo, akòz move drenaj). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vancouver.ca/Parks/parks/stanley/history.htm|title=Stanley Park History|year=2009|publisher=City of Vancouver|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810102612/http://vancouver.ca/parks/parks/stanley/history.htm|archive-date=August 10, 2011|access-date=December 1, 2009}}</ref> Konifè yo te yon melanj tipik kotyè Kolonbi Britanik ki gen ladan sapen Douglas, sèd wouj lwès ak pruch lwès . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/soer-ree/English/Framework/Nardesc/Region.cfm?region=196|title="Lower Mainland Ecoregion": Narrative Descriptions of Terrestrial Ecozones and Ecoregions of Canada (#196)|publisher=Environment Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070127133028/http://www.ec.gc.ca/soer-ree/English/Framework/Nardesc/Region.cfm?region=196|archive-date=January 27, 2007|access-date=December 4, 2009}}</ref> Yo panse zòn nan te gen pi gwo pyebwa nan espès sa yo sou kòt Kolonbi Britanik la. Se sèlman nan Elliott Bay, [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]], gwosè pyebwa yo te rivalize ak sa yo ki nan Burrard Inlet ak English Bay . Pi gwo pyebwa ki te nan forè ansyen Vancouver yo te nan zòn Gastown, kote premye koupe bwa yo te fèt la ak sou pant sid False Creek ak English Bay, espesyalman alantou Jericho Beach . Forè nan Stanley Park la te koupe ant ane 1860 yo ak 1880 yo, epi prèv teknik koupe bwa ansyen tankou tranpolin yo toujou vizib la. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vancouver.ca/Parks/parks/stanley/nature.htm|title=Stanley Park: Forest – Monument Trees|year=2009|publisher=City of Vancouver|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201164108/http://vancouver.ca/Parks/parks/stanley/nature.htm|archive-date=December 1, 2010|access-date=December 1, 2009}}</ref> Anpil plant ak pyebwa k ap grandi toupatou nan Vancouver ak nan Lower Mainland yo te enpòte soti nan lòt pati nan kontinan an ak pwen atravè Pasifik la. Kèk egzanp yo enkli pyebwa devinèt monkey la, erab japonè a ak divès kalite plant ekzotik ki fleri, tankou magnolia, azale ak rododendron . Gen kèk espès ki enpòte soti nan klima ki pi di nan lès Kanada oswa Ewòp ki grandi rive nan gwosè imans. Erab Douglas natif natal la kapab tou rive nan yon gwosè konsiderab. Anpil nan lari vil la gen varyete pye seriz japonè ki fleri ke gouvènman Japon an te bay depi ane 1930 yo. Pye sa yo fleri pandan plizyè semèn nan kòmansman prentan chak ane, yon okazyon yo selebre nan Festival Flè Seriz Vancouver la. Gen lòt lari ki gen chatèy ki fleri, chatèy chwal ak lòt pyebwa dekoratif ki bay lonbray. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vcbf.ca/history|title=History|year=2009|publisher=Vancouver Cherry Blossom Festival|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503001521/http://www.vcbf.ca/history|archive-date=May 3, 2009|access-date=November 30, 2009}}</ref> === Klima === {{climate chart|Vancouver|1.4|6.9|168.4|1.6|8.2|104.6|3.4|10.3|113.9|5.6|13.2|88.5|8.8|16.7|65.0|11.7|19.6|53.8|13.7|22.2|35.6|13.8|22.2|36.7|10.8|18.9|50.9|7.0|13.5|120.8|3.5|9.2|188.9|0.8|6.3|161.9|float=right|date=September 12, 2017}}Klima Vankivè a, youn nan klima ki pi dous e ki pi tanpere nan Kanada, klase kòm yon klima oseyanik ( Köppen : ''Cfb'' ) ki sou fwontyè ak yon klima mediteraneyen cho pandan ete ( Köppen : ''Csb'' ). Pandan ke vil la gen mwayèn ete ki pi fre nan tout gwo zòn metwopolitèn Kanadyen yo, ivè nan Granvankivè yo se katriyèm pi dous nan vil Kanadyen yo, apre Viktwayè, Nanaymo ak Dunkann ki toupre yo, tout sou zile Vancouver. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/winners/categorydata_e.html?SelectedCategory=4|title=Weather Winners – Mildest Winters|publisher=Environment Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125151335/http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/winners/categorydata_e.html?SelectedCategory=4|archive-date=November 25, 2011|access-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> An mwayèn, nèj tonbe nèf jou pa ane, epi twa jou resevwa 5 santimèt (2.0 pous) oswa plis. Lanèj ki tonbe an mwayèn chak ane se 38.1 santimèt (15.0 an) men tipikman li pa rete atè pou lontan. <ref name="ccn">{{Cite web|url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=889&lang=e&dCode=1&StationName=VANCOUVER&SearchType=Contains&province=ALL&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12|title=Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 Station Data|date=October 31, 2011|publisher=Environment Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226212930/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=889&lang=e&dCode=1&StationName=VANCOUVER&SearchType=Contains&province=ALL&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12|archive-date=February 26, 2015|access-date=January 15, 2015}}</ref> Akòz klima modere a, Vankivè se yon vil popilè pou kiltivasyon divès pye palmis ki reziste frèt . Kote ki pi popilè pou plante palmis se English Bay, epi palmis ki pi popilè a se Trachycarpus fortunei . Yo te plante yo pou premye fwa nan ane 1980 yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanmag.com/city/general/city-informer-why-are-there-so-many-palm-trees-in-vancouver/|title=City Informer: Why Are There So Many Palm Trees in Vancouver?|date=2023-09-01|website=Vancouver Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2026-02-23}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vancouverisawesome.com/local-news/vancouver-palm-trees-origin-idea-7126920|title=Whose idea was it to plant palm trees in Vancouver?|last=Diment|first=Maria|date=10 June 2023|website=Vancouver Is Awesome|language=en|access-date=23 February 2026}}</ref>{{Vancouver weatherbox}} == Peyizaj iben == === Planifikasyon iben === Apati 2021, Vancouver se vil ki gen plis moun nan Kanada.Planifikasyon iben nan Vancouver karakterize pa devlopman rezidansyèl ak milti-itilizasyon nan sant iben yo, kòm yon altènativ a devlopman rezidansyèl gaye toupatou. Kòm yon pati nan pi gwo rejyon Metro Vancouver a, li enfliyanse pa direksyon politik sou kalite lavi jan sa ilistre nan Estrateji Kwasans Rejyonal Metro Vancouver a. === Etnisite === <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style=""><div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">Repati [[Panethnicity|pan-etnik]] nan Vancouver dapre [[Canada 2021 Census|resansman 2021 an]] <ref name="2021censusB">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=vancouver&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population|date=October 26, 2022|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610042605/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&SearchText=vancouver|archive-date=June 10, 2023|access-date=November 9, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref></div> # <span class="l-label">Ewopeyen <ref name="euro" group="lower-alpha">Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.</ref> (43.2%)</span> # <span class="l-label">Azi de Lès <ref name="EastAsian" group="lower-alpha">Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on the census.</ref> (29.3%)</span> # <span class="l-label">Sidès Azyatik <ref name="SoutheastAsian" group="lower-alpha">Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on the census.</ref> (9.10%)</span> # <span class="l-label">Sid Azyatik (6.90%)</span> # <span class="l-label">Amerik Latin (2.78%)</span> # <span class="l-label">Mwayen Oryan <ref name="MiddleEastern" group="lower-alpha">Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on the census.</ref> (2.44%)</span> # <span class="l-label">[[Indigenous peoples of Canada|Endijèn]] (2.25%)</span> # <span class="l-label">Afriken (1.31%)</span> # <span class="l-label">Lòt <ref name="Other" group="lower-alpha">Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under the visible minority section on the census.</ref> (2.74%)</span> </div><div aria-hidden="true" class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:#888;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"><div class="pie25" style="background:#8dd3c7;color:#000" title="European'&quot;`UNIQ--ref-000001E1-QINU`&quot;' (43.2%)"></div><div class="pie25" style="background:#8dd3c7;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.1842turn)" title="European'&quot;`UNIQ--ref-000001E1-QINU`&quot;' (43.2%)"></div><div class="pie25" style="background:#fb8072;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.4312turn)" title="East Asian'&quot;`UNIQ--ref-000001E2-QINU`&quot;' (29.3%)"></div><div class="pie25" style="background:#fb8072;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.4758turn)" title="East Asian'&quot;`UNIQ--ref-000001E2-QINU`&quot;' (29.3%)"></div><div class="pie7" style="background:#bebada;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.7247turn)" title="Southeast Asian'&quot;`UNIQ--ref-000001E3-QINU`&quot;' (9.10%)"></div><div class="pie7" style="background:#bebada;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.7459turn)" title="Southeast Asian'&quot;`UNIQ--ref-000001E3-QINU`&quot;' (9.10%)"></div><div class="pie5" style="background:#fccde5;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.8157turn)" title="South Asian (6.90%)"></div><div class="pie5" style="background:#fccde5;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.8349turn)" title="South Asian (6.90%)"></div><div style="transform: rotate(0.8847turn); background:#ffffb3;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 17.77670111% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Latin American (2.78%)"></div><div style="transform: rotate(0.9125turn); background:#80b1d3;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 15.83844403% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Middle Eastern'&quot;`UNIQ--ref-000001E4-QINU`&quot;' (2.44%)"></div><div style="transform: rotate(0.9369turn); background:#fdb462;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 14.55277465% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Indigenous (2.25%)"></div><div style="transform: rotate(0.9594turn); background:#b3de69;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 8.18635505% 0%, 0 100%)" title="African (1.31%)"></div><div style="transform: rotate(0.9725turn); background:#d9d9d9;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 17.77670111% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Other'&quot;`UNIQ--ref-000001E5-QINU`&quot;' (2.74%)"></div><div class="smooth-pie-border"></div></div></div></div></div>Yo rele Vankivè yon "vil katye". <ref name="CityofNeighbourhoods1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityofvancouver.us/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/bbc_nap_january_2019.pdf|title=Neighbourhood Plan Update Committee|last=Downing|first=Steve|last2=Railsback|first2=Janet|last3=Rainwater|first3=Dee|last4=McEnerny-Ogle|first4=Anne|last5=Hansen|first5=Bart|last6=Turlay|first6=Bill|last7=Stober|first7=Ty|last8=Glover|first8=Linda|last9=Lebowsky|first9=Laurie}}</ref> <ref name="CityofNeighbourhoods2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityofvancouver.us/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/lincoln_nap_6.11_final.pdf|title=Lincoln Neighbourhood Neighbourhood Action Plan|date=2011-06-13|website=City of Vancouver}}</ref> Chak katye nan Vankivè gen yon karaktè distenk ak yon melanj etnik. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vancouver.ca/erc/pdf/verc_report.pdf|title=A City of Neighbourhoods: Report of the 2004 Vancouver Electoral Reform Commission|last=Berger|first=Thomas R.|date=June 8, 2004|website=vancouver.ca|publisher=City of Vancouver|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125152652/http://vancouver.ca/erc/pdf/verc_report.pdf|archive-date=November 25, 2011}}</ref> Moun ki gen orijin angle, eskosè ak ilandè te istorikman pi gwo gwoup etnik nan vil la, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/demo27y-eng.htm|title=Population by selected ethnic origins, by census metropolitan areas (2006 Census)|year=2006|publisher=Statistics Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110115171531/http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/demo27y-eng.htm|archive-date=January 15, 2011|access-date=December 1, 2009}}</ref> epi eleman nan sosyete ak kilti britanik yo toujou vizib nan kèk zòn, patikilyèman Sid Granvil ak Kerrisdale . Alman yo se dezyèm pi gwo gwoup etnik ewopeyen nan Vankivè epi yo te yon fòs dirijan nan sosyete ak ekonomi vil la jiskaske santiman anti-alman an te monte ak eklate [[Premyè Gè mondyal|Premye Gè Mondyal la]] an 1914. Jodi a, Chinwa yo se pi gwo gwoup etnik vizib nan Vancouver; vil la gen yon kominote divès [[Lang chinwa|ki pale Chinwa]] ak moun ki pale plizyè dyalèk, miyò Kantonè ak Mandarin . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/demo53g-eng.htm|title=Visible minorities, by census metropolitan areas (2006 Census)|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810205754/http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/demo53g-eng.htm|archive-date=August 10, 2011|access-date=December 1, 2009}}</ref> Katye ki gen zòn komèsyal etnik distenk yo enkli Chinatown, Punjabi Market, Little Italy, Greektown, ak (ansyen) Japantown . Depi ane 1980 yo, imigrasyon an ogmante anpil, sa ki fè vil la gen plis divèsite etnik ak lengwistik; 49 pousan nan rezidan Vankivè (oswa Vankivyens oswa Vankivèrit) yo pa pale [[Lang angle|angle]] kòm premye lang yo. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915022&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&Data=Count&SearchText=vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1|title=Census Profile 2016 Census Greater Vancouver|date=February 8, 2017|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002180520/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915022&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&Data=Count&SearchText=vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1|archive-date=October 2, 2018|access-date=October 2, 2018}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915022&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&Data=Count&SearchText=vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1 "Census Profile 2016 Census Greater Vancouver"]. </cite></ref> Plis pase 25 pousan nan abitan vil la se de orijin Chinwa. <ref name="VancouverCityMinority2021">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&HEADERlist=30&SearchText=vancouver|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Vancouver, City (CY) British Columbia [Census subdivision] Visible minority|last=Government of Canada|date=October 26, 2022|website=Statistics Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027012129/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&HEADERlist=30&SearchText=vancouver|archive-date=October 27, 2022|access-date=October 26, 2022}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2022">Government of Canada (October 26, 2022). </cite></ref> Nan ane 1980 yo, yon afli imigran ki soti [[Hong Kong]] an antisipasyon transfè souverènte Wayòm Ini a pou ale nan Lachin, konbine avèk yon ogmantasyon nan imigran ki soti nan Lachin kontinantal ak ansyen imigran ki soti [[Taywann|Taiwan]], te etabli nan Vankivè youn nan pi gwo konsantrasyon rezidan etnik Chinwa nan Amerik di Nò. Yon lòt gwoup etnik Azyatik enpòtan nan Vancouver gen ladan Sid Azyatik yo, ki fòme apeprè 7 pousan nan abitan vil la; pandan ke yon ti kominote te egziste nan vil la depi 1897, pi gwo vag migrasyon te kòmanse nan ane 1950 yo ak 1960 yo, sa ki te pouse nouvo imigran Punjabi yo etabli yon ''Ti Zend'' (ke yo rekonèt kòm Machè Punjabi ) epi prezide. sou yon gwo pati nan konstriksyon mas ''Vankivè Special'' la atravè kadran sidès vil la, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vancouverheritagefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Final-Copy-Vancouver-Special.pdf|title=Vancouver Special Sunset Project|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705063826/http://www.vancouverheritagefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Final-Copy-Vancouver-Special.pdf|archive-date=July 5, 2017|access-date=November 7, 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://spacing.ca/vancouver/2013/09/11/booming-vancouver-beginning-vancouver-special/|title=Booming Vancouver: The Beginning of the Vancouver Special|date=September 11, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107004409/http://spacing.ca/vancouver/2013/09/11/booming-vancouver-beginning-vancouver-special/|archive-date=November 7, 2022|access-date=November 7, 2022}}</ref> miyò nan katye Sunset la anvan yo te fè kominote a tounen banlye tankou Surrey oswa Delta. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thetyee.ca/Culture/2019/08/02/Punjabi-Market-Vancouver-Past-Present-Future-50-Anniversary/|title=Punjabi Market — Past, Present and Future|date=August 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802230603/https://thetyee.ca/Culture/2019/08/02/Punjabi-Market-Vancouver-Past-Present-Future-50-Anniversary/|archive-date=August 2, 2021|access-date=August 2, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thethunderbird.ca/2008/11/13/vancouver%E2%80%99s-punjabi-market-falls-on-hard-times/|title=Vancouver's Punjabi Market falls on hard times|date=November 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802230603/https://thethunderbird.ca/2008/11/13/vancouver%E2%80%99s-punjabi-market-falls-on-hard-times/|archive-date=August 2, 2021|access-date=August 2, 2021}}</ref> Lòt gwoup ki gen orijin Azyatik ki abite nan Vancouver yo enkli Filipen (5.9%), Japonè (1.7%), Koreyen (1.7%), Azi Lwès (1.9%), ansanm ak kominote Vyetnamyen, Endonezyen ak Kanbodyen ki gen yon bon gwosè. <ref name="VancouverCityMinority2021">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&HEADERlist=30&SearchText=vancouver|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Vancouver, City (CY) British Columbia [Census subdivision] Visible minority|last=Government of Canada|date=October 26, 2022|website=Statistics Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027012129/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&HEADERlist=30&SearchText=vancouver|archive-date=October 27, 2022|access-date=October 26, 2022}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2022">Government of Canada (October 26, 2022). </cite></ref> Malgre ogmantasyon nan imigrasyon Amerik Latin nan Vancouver nan ane 1980 yo ak 1990 yo, imigrasyon resan an te relativman ba. Sepandan, kwasans nan popilasyon Latino a  ki konpoze sitou de Meksiken ak Salvadoryen – te ogmante nan fen ane 2010 yo ak nan kòmansman ane 2020 yo. Imigrasyon afriken an te rete menm jan an tou (3.6% ak 3.3% nan popilasyon total imigran yo, respektivman). Popilasyon nwa Vancouver a piti an konparezon ak lòt gwo vil Kanadyen yo, li reprezante 1.3 pousan nan vil la. Hogan's Alley, yon ti zòn adjasan a Chinatown, jis bò Main Street nan Prior, te yon fwa lakay yon kominote nwa enpòtan. Trisman, kanada te detwi kominote sa a akoz politik rasis Popilasyon nwa a konpoze de Somali, Jamayiken/Karayibyen, ak lòt gwoup, tankou moun ki desandan Afriken Ameriken yo. Katye Strathcona a te nwayo kominote jwif vil la. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://historycooperative.org/north-colour-line-sleeping-car-porters-battle-jim-crow-canadian-rails-1880-1920/|title=North of the Colour Line: Sleeping Car Porters and the Battle Against Jim Crow on Canadian Rails, 1880–1920|date=August 25, 2019|website=History Cooperative|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925211205/https://historycooperative.org/north-colour-line-sleeping-car-porters-battle-jim-crow-canadian-rails-1880-1920/|archive-date=September 25, 2022|access-date=August 19, 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/community_profiles/strathcona/history.htm|title=Community Profiles|date=September 27, 2006|publisher=City of Vancouver|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930171154/http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/community_profiles/strathcona/history.htm|archive-date=September 30, 2007}}</ref> An 1981, apeprè 24 pousan nan popilasyon vil la te fè pati yon gwoup minorite vizib ; <ref name="population1981">{{Cite web|url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.838030/publication.html|title=1981 Census of Canada : volume 2 – provincial series : population; language, ethnic origin, religion, place of birth, schooling British Columbia.|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|date=April 3, 2013|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122164607/https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.838030/publication.html|archive-date=November 22, 2022|access-date=February 13, 2023}}</ref> : 127 An menm tan, pwopòsyon sa a te apeprè 14 pousan pou tout zòn metwopolitèn nan. <ref name="Minority1981to2001">{{Cite web|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/96F0030X2001008|title=Canada's Ethnocultural Portrait: The Changing Mosaic, 2001 Census – ARCHIVED|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|date=January 21, 2003|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210132003/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/96F0030X2001008|archive-date=February 10, 2023|access-date=February 13, 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/eng/lp/lo/lswe/we/special_projects/RacismFreeInitiative/Pendakur.shtml|title=Visible Minorities and Aboriginal Peoples in Vancouver's Labour Market|last=Pendakur|first=Krishna|date=December 13, 2005|publisher=Human Resources and Skills Development Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016204636/http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/eng/lp/lo/lswe/we/special_projects/RacismFreeInitiative/Pendakur.shtml|archive-date=October 16, 2008|access-date=January 24, 2010}}</ref> Rive nan lane 2016, pwopòsyon an nan vil la te rive nan 52 pousan. <ref name="VancouverCityMinority2016">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915022&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&SearchText=vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&TABID=1&type=0|title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Vancouver, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Greater Vancouver, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia Visible Minority|date=October 27, 2021|website=Statistics Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006094003/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915022&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&SearchText=vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&TABID=1&type=0|archive-date=October 6, 2022|access-date=October 6, 2022}}</ref> === Oryantasyon seksyèl ak idantite sèks === Vankivè gen yon gwo kominote LGBT, avèk yon gwoup gason omoseksyèl rekonèt ki konsantre nan katye West End nan sant vil la, patikilyèman sou Davie Street, ofisyèlman deziyen kòm Davie Village, byenke kominote omoseksyèl la omniprésente nan tout zòn West End ak Yaletown yo. Vancouver se òganizasyon youn nan pi gwo parad fyète anyèl nan peyi a. === Lang === Selon resansman Kanadyen an nan lane 2021 an, 612,215 moun, oswa 94.1% nan popilasyon Vancouver a, konnen [[lang angle]] a; 96,965 moun oswa 14.9% nan popilasyon an, konnen lang Kantonè a, ki te swiv pa Mandarin (74,695 oswa 11.5%), [[Lang franse|Fransè]] (60,990 oswa 9.4%), Tagalog (30,430 oswa 4.7%), Punjabi (19,130 oswa 2.9%), Hindi (15,025 oswa 2.3%), Vyetnamyen (14,905 oswa 2.3%), lang Pès (12,330 oswa 1.9%), [[Lang japonè|Japonè]] (12,075 oswa 1.9%), [[Lang alman|Alman]] (11,050 oswa 1.7%), [[Lang kore|Koreyen]] (10,480 oswa 1.6%), [[Lang pòtigè|Pòtigè]] (8,715 oswa 1.3%), [[Lang italyen|Italyen]] (7,740 oswa 1.2%), ak [[Lang ris|Ris]] (7,620 oswa 1.2%). <ref name="2021censusB">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=vancouver&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population|date=October 26, 2022|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610042605/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&SearchText=vancouver|archive-date=June 10, 2023|access-date=November 9, 2022}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=vancouver&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population"]. </cite></ref> Anplis de sa, resansman 2021 an te deklare 332,135 moun oswa 50.7% nan popilasyon vankivè ki gen [[Lang angle|angle]] kòm lang matènèl ; Kantonè se lang matènèl 77,435 moun oswa 11.8% nan popilasyon an, ki te swiv pa Mandarin (41,695 oswa 6.4%), Tagalog (18,675 oswa 2.9%), Panyòl (16,735 oswa 2.6%), Punjabi (13,305 oswa 2.0%), Vyetnamyen (11,870 oswa 1.8%), lang Pès (10,315 oswa 1.6%), Koreyen (8,605 oswa 1.3%), Japonè (7,150 oswa 1.1%), Pòtigè (6,740 oswa 1.0%), Ris (5,155 oswa 0.8%), Alman (4,725 oswa 0.7%), Hindi (4,355 oswa 0.7%), ak Italyen (4,000 oswa 0.6%). <ref name="2021censusB">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=vancouver&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population|date=October 26, 2022|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610042605/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&SearchText=vancouver|archive-date=June 10, 2023|access-date=November 9, 2022}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=vancouver&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population"]. </cite></ref> === Relijyon === Pandan ke pifò moun Kolonbyen Britanik yo se moun laik oswa ki pa relijye, popilasyon Azyatik Vancouver a te note pou lafwa kretyen li. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bchumanist.ca/census_2021|title=Census 2021: Majority of British Columbians are non-religious|last=|last2=|website=BC Humanist Association|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523130718/https://www.bchumanist.ca/census_2021|archive-date=May 23, 2024|access-date=May 23, 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vancouversun.com/opinion/columnists/douglas-todd-asian-christianity-metro-vancouver|title=Where faith grows: Christianity strong among Metro Vancouver's Asian community|last=Todd|first=Douglas|website=The Vancouver Sun|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703030236/https://vancouversun.com/opinion/columnists/douglas-todd-asian-christianity-metro-vancouver|archive-date=July 3, 2024|access-date=May 23, 2024}}</ref> Dapre resansman Kanadyen 2021 an, gwoup relijye nan Vancouver yo enkli: <ref name="2021censusB">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=vancouver&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population|date=October 26, 2022|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610042605/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&SearchText=vancouver|archive-date=June 10, 2023|access-date=November 9, 2022}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=vancouver&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population"]. </cite></ref> * Irelijyon (362,925 moun oswa 55.8%) * Krisyanis (194,365 moun oswa 29.9%) * Boudis (26,245 moun oswa 4.0%) * Islam (17,910 moun oswa 2.8%) * [[Sikhi]] (16,935 moun oswa 2.5%) * Endouyis (12,585 moun oswa 1.9%) * Jidayis (11,575 moun oswa 1.8%) * Espirityalite endijèn (480 moun oswa 0.1%) * Lòt (7,665 moun oswa 1.2%) {| class="wikitable collapsible sortable" |+Religious groups in Vancouver (1991–2021) ! rowspan="2" |Religious group ! colspan="2" |2021<ref name="2021censusB">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=vancouver&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population|date=October 26, 2022|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610042605/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&SearchText=vancouver|archive-date=June 10, 2023|access-date=November 9, 2022}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=vancouver&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population"]. </cite></ref> ! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="2011census">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915022&Data=Count&SearchText=vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|title=NHS Profile, Vancouver, CY, British Columbia, 2011|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|date=May 8, 2013|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926093208/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915022&Data=Count&SearchText=vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|archive-date=September 26, 2022|access-date=July 8, 2023}}</ref> ! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="2001census">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915022&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=|title=2001 Community Profiles|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008030600/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915022&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=|archive-date=October 8, 2022|access-date=July 8, 2023}}</ref> ! colspan="2" |1991<ref name="1991census">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census91/data/profiles/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=33332&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=30&PRID=0&PTYPE=3&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=1991&THEME=113&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0|title=1991 Census of Canada: Census Area Profiles|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114212656/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census91/data/profiles/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=33332&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=30&PRID=0&PTYPE=3&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=1991&THEME=113&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0|archive-date=January 14, 2023|access-date=July 8, 2023}}</ref> |- !Pop. !% !Pop. !% !Pop. !% !Pop. !% |- |Christian |194,365 | 29.88% |213,855 | 36.23% |229,015 | 42.44% |238,460 | 51.25% |- |Buddhist |26,245 | 4.04% |33,450 | 5.67% |37,140 | 6.88% |20,595 | 4.43% |- |Muslim |17,910 | 2.75% |13,255 | 2.25% |9,345 | 1.73% |5,785 | 1.24% |- |Sikh |16,535 | 2.54% |16,815 | 2.85% |15,200 | 2.82% |12,935 | 2.78% |- |Hindu |12,585 | 1.94% |8,220 | 1.39% |7,670 | 1.42% |6,745 | 1.45% |- |Jewish |11,675 | 1.8% |10,350 | 1.75% |9,620 | 1.78% |8,675 | 1.86% |- |Other religion |8,145 | 1.25% |5,820 | 0.99% |3,705 | 0.69% |3,190 | 0.69% |- |Irreligious |362,925 | 55.8% |288,435 | 48.87% |227,925 | 42.24% |168,910 | 36.3% |- class="sortbottom" !Repons total yo !650,380 ! 98.21% !590,205 ! 97.8% !539,630 ! 98.89% !465,300 ! 98.61% |- |} === Moun ki pa gen kay === Pwoblèm moun ki pa gen kay se kounya yon pwoblèm enpòtan e ki pèsiste nan Vankivè. Yon resansman ann 2019 te jwenn ke omwen 2,223 moun nan vil la te sanzabri, pi gwo chif ki anrejistre depi yo te kòmanse resansman yo an 2005. Pami moun ki te patisipe nan sondaj la, 28% te di ke yo pa t gen okenn abri fizik. Moun endijèn yo te reprezante 39% nan tout moun ki te reponn yo. Twa senkyèm nan moun ki te reponn yo te di ke yo gen omwen de pwoblèm sante, epi 67% te di ke yo gen yon dejwe ak omwenn yon sibstans. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vancouver.ca/files/cov/vancouver-homeless-count-2019-final-report.pdf|title=Vancouver Homeless Count 2019|date=2019|publisher=City of Vancouver|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182131/https://vancouver.ca/files/cov/vancouver-homeless-count-2019-final-report.pdf|archive-date=July 9, 2021|access-date=July 2, 2021}}</ref> == Gouvènman == [[Fichye:Vancouver_neighbourhoods.jpg|vignette|Kat jeyografik 22 katye ofisyèl Vancouver yo]] Kontrèman avè lòt minisipalite nan Kolonbi Britanik, vankivè enkòpore anba ''Chat Vancouver'' a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bclaws.ca/EPLibraries/bclaws_new/document/ID/freeside/vanch_00|title=Vancouver Charter|date=November 18, 2009|publisher=Queen's Printer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706165944/http://www.bclaws.ca/EPLibraries/bclaws_new/document/ID/freeside/vanch_00|archive-date=July 6, 2011|access-date=November 29, 2009}}</ref> Lejislasyon an, ki te pase an 1953, ranplase ''Lwa Enkòporasyon vankivè 1921 an'' epi li bay vil la plis pouvwa diferan pase lòt kominote yo posede anba ''Lwa Minisipalite'' Kolonbi Britanik la. Vankivè gouvène pa Konsèy Minisipal Vancouver ki gen onz manm, yon Konsèy Lekòl ki gen nèf manm, ak yon Konsèy Pak ki gen sèt manm, yo tout sèvi pou yon manda katran. Sa ki etranj pou yon vil nan gwosè vankivè, tout eleksyon minisipal yo fèt sou yon baz jeneral . Istorikman, nan tout nivo gouvènman an, bò lwès vankivè ki pi rich la te vote sou liy konsèvatif oswa liberal . Okontrè, bò lès vil la te vote sou liy gochis . Sa te konfime ankò ak rezilta eleksyon pwovens 2005 la ak eleksyon federal 2006 la. <references /> o9d7572xj033a4w2fxqtxxy0e7gs3f2 0 97386 881112 881035 2026-04-20T03:18:04Z WhatamIdoing 11346 /* Lanmò */ -Imaj 881112 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Bebe Nanaki''' ( Punjabi , lit. ' ; c. 1464–1518 ), eple altènatif kòm '''Bibi Nanaki''', te sè gran [[Guru Nanak]], fondatè ak premye ''[[Guru (mèt espirityèl)|Guru]]'' Sikhism nan. <ref name=":0" /> Nanaki se yon figi enpòtan nan Sikhism, epi li rekonèt kòm premye ''Gursikh'' la. <ref name=":0" /> Li te premye moun ki te reyalize 'enklinasyon filozofik' frè li a, epi yo rekonèt li kòm enspire itilizasyon mizik li kòm yon enstriman devosyon pou Bondye . <ref name="Gudwara">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bebenanakigurdwara.com/AboutUs.html|title=Bebe Nanaki Gurdwara|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917173543/http://www.bebenanakigurdwara.com/AboutUs.html|archive-date=17 September 2011|access-date=2011-11-09}}</ref> <ref name="Nanaki">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki|title=Sikh Women Now|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425153035/http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki|archive-date=25 April 2012|access-date=2011-11-09}}</ref> == Biyografi == === Premye lavi === Nanaki ak frè l te pitit [[Mehta Kalu]] ak Tripta . Li te fèt an 1464 nan vil Chahal, [[Pakistan]] jodi a, granparan li yo te ba li non sa a, yo te rele l ''Nanaki'' dapre mo ''Nanakian'' an, ki vle di apeprè "kay granparan matènèl ou yo". <ref name="Nanaki">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki|title=Sikh Women Now|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425153035/http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki|archive-date=25 April 2012|access-date=2011-11-09}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120425153035/http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki "Sikh Women Now"]. Archived from [http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki the original] on 25 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (October 2019)">sous ki pa fyab?</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Yo ajoute ''Bebe'' ak <nowiki><i id="mwSA">Ji</i></nowiki> nan non li kòm yon siy respè ann Kilti Endyen an. Yo itilize Bebe pou montre respè pou yon fanm ki pi gran epi yo bay Ji a nenpòt moun ou te vle bay respè ou kèlkeswa laj li. === Maryaj === Nanaki te marye a laj de 11 an. Nan epòk sa a, li te yon koutim pou marye nan yon laj konsa jèn. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An 1475, Nanaki te marye ak Jai Ram, yon Palta Khatri ki te travay nan yon ''modikhana'', yon depo pou revni yo kolekte sou fòm ki pa lajan kach, nan sèvis gouvènè [[Lawo|Lahore]] nan Sultanat Delhi a, Daulat Khan. [ nòt 1 ] Papa Jai Ram, Parmanand, te ''patwari'' nan Sultanpur Lodhi. <ref name=":0" /> Papa Jai Ram te mouri lè li te jèn, kidonk li te pran responsablite papa l kòm patwari. <ref name=":0" /> Jai Ram te ede Nanak jwenn yon travay nan ''modikhana'' sa a nan Sultanpur. Nanaki ak Jai Ram pa t ap fè okenn pitit byolojik. <ref name=":0" /> === Frè ak sè === '''Nanaki''' te gen yon gwo admirasyon pou frè li, epi li te premye moun ki te rekonèt nati espirityèl espesyal li. <ref name="Gudwara">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bebenanakigurdwara.com/AboutUs.html|title=Bebe Nanaki Gurdwara|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917173543/http://www.bebenanakigurdwara.com/AboutUs.html|archive-date=17 September 2011|access-date=2011-11-09}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110917173543/http://www.bebenanakigurdwara.com/AboutUs.html "Bebe Nanaki Gurdwara"]. Archived from the original on 17 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1: unfit URL]]</ref> Li te senk ane pi gran pase li, men li te pran swen li tankou yon manman, li te pwoteje l kont papa yo epi li te ba li lanmou san kondisyon. Lè Guru Nanak te gen anviwon 15 an, yo te voye l al viv ak li. Pou ede l vin endepandan, Nanaki te pran inisyativ pou chèche yon madanm pou li. Ansanm ak mari li, yo te jwenn yon fanm, Sulakhni Chona, pou Nanak marye. <ref name="Gudwara" /> Kòm Nanaki pa t gen pwòp pitit li, li te renmen epi ede elve pitit frè li yo, Sri Chand ak Lakhmi Das . <ref name="Nanaki">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki|title=Sikh Women Now|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425153035/http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki|archive-date=25 April 2012|access-date=2011-11-09}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120425153035/http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki "Sikh Women Now"]. Archived from [http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki the original] on 25 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Nanaki se premye disip Guru Nanak. <ref name="Gudwara">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bebenanakigurdwara.com/AboutUs.html|title=Bebe Nanaki Gurdwara|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917173543/http://www.bebenanakigurdwara.com/AboutUs.html|archive-date=17 September 2011|access-date=2011-11-09}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110917173543/http://www.bebenanakigurdwara.com/AboutUs.html "Bebe Nanaki Gurdwara"]. Archived from the original on 17 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1: unfit URL]]</ref> Li te etènèlman devwe pou li ak kòz li a. Li konnen tou pou jan li te enspire Nanak nan itilize mizik kòm yon enstriman devosyon pou Bondye. Lè l te konnen li te gen talan mizikal, li te achte yon Rebab pou li pou ede l devlope mizik li. <ref name="Nanaki">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki|title=Sikh Women Now|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425153035/http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki|archive-date=25 April 2012|access-date=2011-11-09}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120425153035/http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki "Sikh Women Now"]. Archived from [http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki the original] on 25 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Yo di Nanaki te gen anpil afeksyon pou de pitit gason Nanak ak Sulakhni yo, Sri Chand ak Lakhmi Das . === Lanmò === Bebe Nanaki te mouri an 1518 nan Sultanpur. Kòm youn nan dènye volonte li, li te vle pou frè li, Guru Nanak, rete bò kote l pandan dènye jou li yo. <ref name=":0" /> Dènye souf li yo te eklere ak Japji Sahib la yo te resite ba li. <ref name="Nanaki">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki|title=Sikh Women Now|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425153035/http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki|archive-date=25 April 2012|access-date=2011-11-09}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120425153035/http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki "Sikh Women Now"]. Archived from [http://www.sikhwomennow.com/bebe-nanaki the original] on 25 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Twa jou apre lanmò li, mari li, Jai Ram, te mouri tou. <ref name=":0" /> Nanak te fè seremoni fineray yo. <ref name=":0" /> == Referans == <references /> f1lq9r1h4w0cc06sbp505e8vcn4zogu 0 97392 881077 881043 2026-04-19T19:46:30Z 1104s72 38991 881077 wikitext text/x-wiki     '''Sikhism''', pi byen koni kòm '''Sikhi''', se yon relijyon ak filozofi Endyen ki te soti nan rejyon Punjab nan soukontinan Endyen an nan fen 15ym syèk la. Li se youn nan gwo relijyon ki te fonde pi resamman e li te pratike pa 25-30.{{Espas}}milyon disip, ke yo rekonèt kòm Sikh. Sikhi soti apati ansèyman espirityèl [[Guru Nanak]] (1469–1539), premye [[Guru (mèt espirityèl)|gourou]] lafwa a, ak nèf gourou Sikh ki te pran plas li. Dizyèm gourou a, [[Guru Gobind Singh]] (1666–1708), te nonmen Guru Granth Sahib, ki se ekriti relijye santral nan Sikhism, kòm siksesè li. Sa te mete fen nan liy gourou imen yo. Pou sikh, Guru Granth Sahib ji a se 11yèm guru ki vivan pou tout tan an kounya. Kwayans ak pratik fondamantal Sikhism yo, ki atikile nan Guru Granth Sahib la ak lòt ekriti Sikh yo, genyen ladan yo lafwa ak meditasyon nan non sèl kreyatè a ( ''Ik Onkar'' ), inite diven ak egalite tout limanite, angajman nan sèvis dezenterese anvè lòt moun ( ''[[Seva|sevā]]'' ), efò pou jistis pou benefis ak pwosperite tout moun ( ''[[sarbat da bhala]]'' ), ak konduit onèt ak mwayen pou viv. Swivan estanda sa a, Sikhism pa kwe reklamasyon ke nenpòt tradisyon relijye patikilye gen yon monopoli sou verite absoli ditou. pou rezon sa, Sikh yo pa aktivman fè pwoselitism ditou tou, byenke konvèti volontè yo jeneralman aksepte. Sikhi mete aksan sou meditasyon ak pou moun sonje kòm yon mwayen pou santi prezans Bondye ( ke sikh di ''simran'' ), ki ka eksprime mizikalman atravè ''kirtan'' oswa entènman atravè <nowiki><i id="mwTg">naam japna</i></nowiki> ( ke vle di  'medite sou non Bondye nan kreyol ). Sikh ki batize yo oblije mete senk K yo, ki se senk atik lafwa ki distenge fizikman Sikh yo ak moun ki pa Sikh. Pami sa yo gen ''kesh'' la (cheve ki pa koupe). Pifò gason Sikh relijye yo pa koupe cheve yo men yo mete yon tiban. konsa se enpotan konsep pou moun ke kwe sikhi.   [[Fichye:Jewels_of_the_Sikh_Faith.png|alt=|vignette|Pi gwo tanp Sikh yo: {{Ordered list|[[Golden Temple]], [[Akal Takht|Akaal Takht]]|[[Takht Kesgarh Sahib|Kesgarh Sahib]]|[[Takht Sri Damdama Sahib|Damdama Sahib]]|[[Takht Sri Patna Sahib|Patna Sahib]]|[[Hazur Sahib]]|[[Gurdwara Panja Sahib|Panja Sahib]]|[[Gurdwara Janam Asthan|Nankana Sahib]]|[[Gurdwara Dera Sahib|Dera Sahib]]|[[Sultanpur Lodhi|Ber Sahib]]|[[Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur|Kartarpur Sahib]], [[Dera Baba Nanak]]|[[Gurdwara Hemkund Sahib|Hemkund Sahib]]|[[Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib|Sis Ganj Sahib]]}}tanp an lò a (Akaal Takht) Kesgarh Sahib Damdama Sahib Patna Sahib Hazur Sahib Panja Sahib Nankana Sahib Dera Sahib Ber Sahib Kartarpur Sahib, Dera Baba Nanak Hemkund Sahib Sis Ganj Sahib]] [[Fichye:Tarn_Taran_1.jpg|vignette|Tarn Taran Sahib – Pi gwo Sarovar nan mond lan (pisin sakre)]] Relijyon an te devlope epitou evolye pandann yon tann pèsekisyon relijye, li te vin gn plis moun ki konvèti ni nan [[Endouyis]] ni [[Islamis|nan Islam]] . Anperè Mughal nan peyi Zend te tòtire epi egzekite de nan gourou Sikh yo —Guru Arjan (1563–1606) ak Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621–1675)—apre yo te refize konvèti nan Islam . Pèsekisyon Sikh yo te deklanche fondasyon ''Khalsa'' a pa Guru Gobind Singh an 1699 kòm yon lòd pou pwoteje libète konsyans ak relijyon, ak manm ki te eksprime kalite yon ''sant-sipāhī'' ("sen-sòlda"). Alo sikh yo te ka proteje tetyo == Terminoloji == Majorite teks Sikh yo te ekri premye ann alfabè <nowiki><i id="mwfA">Gurmukhī</i></nowiki>, ki se yon ekriti ke t kreye pa Guru Angad li itilize pati ekriti Laṇḍā pou fe sa. sa te istorikmant t itilize ann peyi Pakistan ak Nò peyi Zend jodya. Moun ki pratike Sikhism yo rele ''Sikh'', ki vle di "etidyan" oswa "disip" gourou a. Mo [[Lang angle|angle]] ''Sikhism'' lan soti nan mo Punjabi pou relijyon ''Sikhi a'' ( Punjabi ''Sikkhī'', {{Pwononsyasyon API|pa|ˈsɪk.kʰiː||Sikkhi.ogg}}, soti nan Punjabi mo pou <span class="gloss-quot">disip</span><span class="gloss-text">​</span>​ ), ki vle di "chemen tanporèl aprantisaj la" epi ki soti vèb sikhana a ( oswa vèb la apprand.) [[Category:Articles containing Punjabi-language text]] Sikh yo opoze ak tèm ekzonim ''Sikhism'' nan pask yo di n ke se kolon Britanik yo ki te envante mo a olye de Sikh yo menm, epi yo prefere andonim ''Sikhi'' a pito. Yo diskite ke yon "-ism" vle di yon vizyon mond fiks ak imuiabl ki. pa kongriyan ak nati likid entèn filozofi Sikh la. Se poutèt sa, yo itilize tèm "sikhi" a an kreyòl, olye de "sikhism", pandan mond lan kòmanse yon vwayaj gerizon apre kolonizasyon ewopeyen an. Lòt tèm Sikh yo itilize pou nonmen lafwa yo se ''gursikhi'', ''gurmat'', oswa ''dharam'' . Bazi Sikhi nan soti ansèyman [[Guru Nanak]] anplis siksesè li yo (guru yo 2 rive 10). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/when-is-guru-nanak-jayanti-check-date-and-all-you-need-to-know-15064101.htm|title=When is Guru Nanak Jayanti? Check date and all you need to know - CNBC TV18|date=2022-11-03|website=CNBCTV18|language=en|access-date=2025-01-18}}</ref> Sikh yo mete aksan sou kongriyans ki genyen ant devlopman espirityèl ak konduit moral chak jou. kreyatè li a, Guru Nanak, t'rezime pèspektiv saa lè li te di: "Verite a se pi gwo vèti a, men pi wo toujou se lavi veridik la."  Sikhi mete aksan sou konsep ''Ėk nūr te sab jag upjiā'', 'Soti nan yon sèl limyè a, tout linivè a te pete.' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/44900217|title=The Art & Architecture of THE GOLDEN TEMPLE COMPLEX, AMRITSAR|last=Dokras|first=Uday|year=2021|website=Academia|publisher=Indo Nordic Author's Collective|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120212545/https://www.academia.edu/44900217|archive-date=20 November 2023|access-date=September 20, 2023}}</ref> Guru Nanak te mete aksan tou sou ansèyman li te bay disip li yo lè li te ba yo egzanp nan lavi reyèl. === Bondye === Sikhism se yon relijye [[monoteyis]] ak panenteyis tou. Sikh yo kwè ke se yon sèl Bondye ki egziste e ke Bondye an menm tan an nan tout bagay epi li anglobe tout bagay. Inite Bondye a refleke nan fraz ''Ik Onkar'' la. Nan Sikhi, mo a pou Bondye se ''Waheguru'' ( ki vle di. ' Bon mèt ). ''Waheguru'' a konsidere kòm ''Nirankar'' ("sans fòm"), ''Akal'' ("intemporel"), ''Karta Purakh'' (" kreyatè a ke yo te "), ''Akaal Purkh'' ("pi lwen pase tan ak lanmò") ak ''Agam Agochar'' (" enkonpreyansib pou nou ak envizib"). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Spiritual/2018-09-01/There-is-One-God/409124|title=There is One God|last=The Hans India|date=1 September 2018|website=[[The Hans India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710164237/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Spiritual/2018-09-01/There-is-One-God/409124|archive-date=10 July 2019|access-date=10 July 2019}}</ref> Nan sans literal, Bondye pa gen sèks nan Sikhism, men nan yon sans metafò, Bondye souvan prezante ak imaj maskilen, pandan ke pouvwa kreyatif Bondye a dekri ak imaj feminin. Pa egzanp, Guru Gobind Singh refere a Bondye kòm papa li, epi li dekri pouvwa kreyatif Bondye a kòm manman li. Menm jan an tou, Guru Granth Sahib sèvi ak imaj lamarye espirityèl pou dekri tout moun kòm nanm ki anvi ini ak Senyè a kòm mari yo. Anplis sa, ekriti a tou mete aksan sou lide ke gen anpil mond kote Bondye transandantal la te kreye lavi.. Sikhism kòmanse ak konsèp Ik Onkar (ekri nan punjabi kom ੴ ), ki vle di “Sèl Kreyatè a”. Nan tradisyon Sikh la, sa pa sèlman yon non pou Bondye, men yon deklarasyon fondamantal sou nati reyalite a: gen yon sèl prezans diven ki ini tout sa ki egziste, san divizyon, san dezyèm. Ik Onkar konprann kòm yon ekspresyon monoteyis ki montre inite absoli Bondye a. Li souvan tradui pi lajman kòm “sèl reyalite siprèm nan”, “sèl Kreyatè a”, oubyen “lespri ki penetre tout bagay la”. Nan sans sa a, li pa limite Bondye ann yon fòm oswa yon kote; olye de sa, li montre yon prezans ki gaye toupatou nan kreyasyon an pandan li rete youn e endivizib. Nan vizyon Sikh la, Ik Onkar mete aksan sou lide ke pa gen separasyon reyèl ant Kreyatè ak kreyasyon: tout egzistans se yon sèl reyalite diven ki pran plizyè fòm, men ki rete fondamantalman ini ak youn. ''Mul Mantar'' tradisyonèl la sòti nan ''ik onkar'' rive nan ''Nanak hosee bhee such.'' Premye liy ''Guru Granth Sahib'' la avèk chak ''raga'' ki vin apre yap mansyone ''ik onkar tou'' : {{Referans}} [[Fichye:Akalees_Emily_Eden_PDL.jpg|vignette|Yon eskis Emily Eden te fè an 1844 sou "Akalees oubyen Imòtèl yo". Dijitalize pa Bibliyotèk Dijital Panjab la.]] ''[[Maya (relijyon)|Māyā]]'', dyo dekri kòm yon ilizyon oswa yon reyalite ki pa dirab, ki ka detounen moun nan chemen pou chèche Bondye ak delivrans. Li atire moun nan direksyon plezi ak soufrans ki sanble reyèl, men ki pase vit, e konsa li ka fè yo pèdi konsantrasyon sou devosyon pou Bondye. Sepandan, Guru Nanak te eksplike ke māyā pa sèlman vle di mond lan se fo, men li refere tou a fason moun vin atache ak valè mond lan. Nan Sikhism, yo kwè ke ego, kòlè, avaris, atachman ak lanvi—yo rele Panj Chor—se fòs ki pi fasil pou detounen moun, paske yo fè mal epi yo retire moun lwen Bondye. Sikh yo kwè ke mond lan ap viv nan yon epòk yo rele Kali Yuga, kote limanite pèdi chemen li akoz lanmou ak atachman pou māyā. Dapre kwayans sa a, moun ki vin viktim senk vòlè sa yo vin separe ak Bondye. Sèl fason pou geri eta sa a se atravè yon devosyon pwofon, kontinyèl, ak san rete. [[Fichye:Sikh.man.at.the.Golden.Temple.jpg|vignette|Yon Nihang Sikh nan Harmandir Sahib la, ke yo rele tou Tanp an lò a]] === Liberasyon === Moun ke kwe Mo Guru Nanak yo pa kwe destinasyon final yo tankou syèl la oswa tankou lanfè, men olye de sa yo ta vle jwenn inyon espirityèl ak linivè ''a'', ki lakòz delivrans oswa ''jivanmukti'' ('iluminasyon/liberasyon pandan tout lavi yon moun'), yon konsèp ki yo kab jwenn tou nan [[Endouyis]] tou . [[Guru Gobind Singh]] fè li klè ke nesans imen jwenn ak anpil chans, e pou rezon sa, nou ta dwe eseye viv pibyen ke nou kapab. Sikhi aksepte konsèp reyenkanasyon ak karma ki parèt tou nan tradisyon tankou Boudis, Endouyis, ak Jainis, men li pa nesesèman abouti nan yon sistèm soteriolojik metafizik tankou yon “syèl diven” oswa “nirvana” kòm objektif final. Nan Sikhism, karma ak liberasyon yo modifye pa lide “gras Bondye” (nadar, mehar, kirpa, elatriye). Guru Nanak anseye ke kò a antre nan nesans selon karma, men delivrans final la rive atravè gras diven. Pou pwoche pi pre Bondye, Sikh yo evite enfliyans maya, kenbe verite etènèl la nan lespri yo, pratike shabad kirtan (chante im sakre yo), medite sou Naam (non diven an), epi sèvi limanite. Yo kwè tou ke prezans nan satsang oswa sadh sangat (konpayi moun ki sou chemen verite a) se youn nan mwayen prensipal pou libere tèt yo soti nan sik reyenkanasyon an. Anplis dimansyon espirityèl sa yo, kominote Sikh la ka konprann tou kòm yon kominote ki gen idantite kolektif solid, pataje memwa istorik sou matir ak pèsekisyon anba diferan gouvènman, sa ki kontribye nan yon sans inite ak konsyans istorik nan gwoup la. === Pouvwa ak devosyon (Miri ak Piri) === <gallery widths="200" heights="200"> Fichye:Interior-view-Gurudwara-Sis-Ganj-Sahib.jpg|alt=Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib in Delhi. The long window under the marble platform is the location where Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by the Mughals.| Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib nan Delhi. Fenèt long ki anba platfòm mab la se kote Mughal yo te egzekite Guru Tegh Bahadur . Fichye:Bhai_Mati_Das.jpg|alt=Artistic rendering of the execution of Bhai Mati Das by the Mughals. This image is from a Sikh Ajaibghar near the towns of Mohali and Sirhind in Punjab, India.| Reprezantasyon atistik ekzekisyon Bhai Mati Das pa Mughal yo. Imaj sa a soti nan yon Sikh Ajaibghar toupre vil Mohali ak Sirhind nan Punjab, peyi Zend. </gallery>'''Miri Piri''' se yon doktrin enpotan ki moun pratike nan relijyon Sikh la depi 17yem syèk la. Doktran pou "Mir" la (aspè sosyal ak politik nan lavi a) avè "Pir" la (gid pou aspè espirityèl lavi a) te revele pa premye guru Sikh la, [[Guru Nanak]], men se sizyèm guru Sikh la, Guru Hargobind, ki t pwopoze'l nan dat 12 jenn 1606. Apre mati papa l, Guru Hargobind te vin nouvo Guru epitou li ta akonpli pwofesi ki te soti nan figi prensipal Sikh la, Baba Bouda, ke guru a ape posede pouvwa esprityèl ak tanporèl. Guru Hargobind te kreye de nepe Miri ak Piri yo, ki senbolize otorite mondyal (toulede sosyal ak politik) ak espirityèl. <ref name="jas" /> De kirpan Miri ak Piri yo mare ansanm ak yn khanda nan sant la, alo konbinezon tou de yo konsidere kòm sipwèm. Sa ap vle di tout aksyon ki soti nan kè espirityèl la oswa ki enfòme l konplete objektif ak siyifikasyon yon moun nan mond aksyon an: [[espirityalite]] . <ref name="jas" /> Nan Sikhism, gen kèk gwoup andeyò rejyon Punjab nan peyi Zend, tankou nan Maharashtra ak Bihar, ki konn fè **aarti** (itilizasyon lanp seremonièl) pandan obsèvans Bhakti nan gurdwara. Sepandan, pifò gurdwara Sikh yo pa pèmèt oswa entèdi pratik aarti pandan devosyon Bhakti yo. menm si diferans sa yo nan pratik, ansèyman gourou yo mete gwo aksan sou Bhakti ansanm ak lide ke lavi espirityèl ak lavi sekilyè yon chèf fanmi pa separe, men yo mare ansanm. Sa montre yon vizyon kote mond chak jou a se pati nan yon Reyalite Enfini, e plis konsyans espirityèl pote plis angajman ak enèji nan lavi chak jou. Guru Nanak t'esplike ide yon “lavi aktif, kreyatif ak pratik” ki chita sou verite, fidelite, kontwòl tèt, ak pite kòm yon nivo ki pi wo pase sèlman refleksyon metafizik. Nan sans sa a, Sikhism ankouraje moun viv espirityalite yo nan aksyon, travay, ak lavi fanmi, olye pou separe yo. Konsèp limanite a, jan Guru Nanak te devlope li, rafine epi mete an kesyon yon fòm “monoteyis pwòp tèt li/Bondye”, avèk lide ke monoteyis la vin prèske san sans lè li pa eksprime nan mouvman lanmou ak relasyon vivan. Guru Sikh yo te anseye ke objektif moun nan se depase tout dualite, tankou “pwòp tèt ak lòt”, “mwen ak pa-mwen”, pou rive nan yon eta kote yo reyalize yon ekilib ant opoze yo: separasyon ak inyon, pwòp tèt ak lòt, aksyon ak inaksyon, atachman ak detachman, nan lavi chak jou. === Chante ak mizik === Sik yo refere a im gourou yo kòm ''Gurbani'' ( lit. ' ). Shabad Kirtan se chante Gurbani. Tout Guru Granth Sahib Yo ekri tèks sa yo sou fòm pwezi ak rim, pou yo ka resite yo nan trant-e-yon raga diferan nan mizik klasik Endyen, jan yo presize sa. Sepandan, li ra pou jwenn moun nan kominote Sikh la ki metrize oswa ki abitye avèk tout raga ki prezan nan Guru Granth Sahib. [[Guru Nanak]] te kòmanse tradisyon Shabad Kirtan an epi li te anseye ke koute kirtan se yon fason pwisan pou reyalize trankilite pandan w ap medite, epi chante glwa "Sipwèm Etènèl la" (Bondye) avèk devosyon se fason ki pi efikas pou antre an kominyon ak "Sipwèm Etènèl la". Twa priyè maten pou Sikh yo konsiste de Japji Sahib, [[Jaap Sahib]], ak Tav-Prasad Savaiye . Sikh ki batize yo ( Amritdharis ) leve bonè epi medite, answit resite tout Senk Banis Nitnem yo, anvan dejene. Senk Banis yo konpoze de Japji Sahib, Jaap Sahib, Tav-Prasad Savaiye, Chaupai Sahib, Anand Sahib ; se Ardās ki te swiv rezitasyon banis ''paath'' la, nan ki gourou yo anseye prensip [[Sarbat da bhala|Sarbat da Bhala]] . === Sonje Non Divin lan === Yon pratik anpil enpotan Sikh yo fè se sonje ''Naam'' (non diven an), Waheguru/Bondye. Kontemplasyon sa a kap fè pa ''Nām Japō'' (lè w repete Non Divin lan) oswa ''Simran'' (sonj Non Divin lan atravè resitasyon). <ref name="NaamSimran" /> Repetisyon vèbal non Bondye a, oswa yon silab sakre, se yon pratik ke fe tout tan an nan peyi Zend; sepandan, Sikhism te devlope ''Naam-simran'' kòm yon pratik Bhakti enpòtan. Ideyal Guru Nanak la se ekspozisyon total èt yon moun nan Non Divin lan ak yon konfòmite ak Dharma, "Lòd Divin" an. Nanak te dekri rezilta aplikasyon disipline ''nām simraṇ'' la kòm yon "kwasans nan direksyon ak nan Bondye" atravè yon pwosesis gradyèl senk etap. Dènye a se ''Sach Khand'' ( ''Wayòm Verite a'' ): inyon final lespri a ak Bondye. === Sèvis avè aksyon === <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> Fichye:Mehdiana_5.jpg|alt=Sculpture at Mehdiana Sahib of the execution of Banda Singh Bahadur in 1716 by the Mughals| Eskilti nan Mehdiana Sahib ki reprezante ekzekisyon Banda Singh Bahadur an 1716 pa Mughal yo. Fichye:Bodyguard_of_Ranjit_Singh.jpg|alt=Some bodyguards of Maharaja Ranjit Singh at the Sikh capital, Lahore, Punjab| Kèk gadkò Maharaja Ranjit Singh nan kapital Sikh la, Lahore, Punjab. </gallery>Guru Sikh yo te anseye ke lè yon moun toujou ape sonje Non diven an ( ''naam simran'' ) epi li angaje nan sèvis san enterè ( ''[[Seva|sēvā]]'' ), li kapab simonte egoyis ( ''Haumai'' ). Selon Guru Granth Sahib ji a, egoyis sa a konsidere kòm rasin prensipal senk move enpilsyon yo, epi li se tou sa ki kenbe moun nan sik nesans ak lanmò a. Sèvis nan Sikhi gen twa fòm: genyen ''Tan'' (sèvis fizik, sa vle di travay), genyen ''Man'' (sèvis mantal, tankou konsakre kè w pou sèvi lòt moun), ak genyen ''Dhan'' (sèvis materyèl, ki gen ladan sipò finansye) tou. Sikhi di moun pou pratike ''kirat karō'', sa vle di "travay onèt". Ansèyman Sikh yo mete aksan tou sou konsèp pataj, oswa ''vaṇḍ chakkō tou'', sa se konsep la bay moun ki anndan bezwen pou benefis kominote'w. === Jistis ak egalite === Sikhi kwè Bondye kòm vrè anperè a, oswa wa tout wa yo, sila a ki bay jistis atravè lalwa ''[[Kama|karma]]'' a, yon modèl ak gras diven tou. Tèm pou jistis nan Sikhi se ''Niāyā''. Li konekte ak konsèp ''dharam'', ki nan Sikhism vle di lòd moral ak jistis. Sa soti nan rasin tèm Endou ''dharma'', men li gen yon sans diferan nan kontèks Sikh la. Dapre Guru Gobind Singh, jan Pashaura Singh (yon pwofesè nan etid Sikh) eksplike, yon moun dwe premye eseye tout metòd lapè pou chèche jistis. Si tout sa echwe, li vin lejitim pou pran aksyon defansiv, menm lè sa enplike itilizasyon nepe pou pwoteje jistis. Nan Sikhi, yon atak sou ''dharam'' ta dwe konsidere kòm yon atak sou jistis , sou lòd moral, ak sou ekilib sosyete a. Se poutèt sa, ''dharam'' dwe defann nan tout sikonstans. Non diven an konsidere kòm yon remèd espirityèl kont doulè ak vis. Malgre padon se yon vèti enpòtan nan Sikhi, tradisyon an anseye tou pou evite moun ki gen move entansyon epi, si sa nesesè, pou reziste enjistis ak pèsekisyon relijye pou pwoteje jistis ak verite. sa se youn pli enpotan bagaj nan sikhi petet sikhi pa gen wòl espesifik pou gason ak fanm. Sikhi kwe ke menm enèji egziste nan toulede seks. fi ka fe menm bagay pa egzanp, fe hukamnamas . === Dis guru ak otorite === {{Atik detaye|Singh Sabha Movement}} [[Fichye:Sikh_Gurus_with_Bhai_Bala_and_Bhai_Mardana.jpg|vignette|Yon penti ra nan style Tanjore ki soti nan fen 19yèm syèk la ki dekri dis gourou Sikh yo ak Bhai Bala ak Bhai Mardana.]] Tèm " [[Guru (mèt espirityèl)|guru]] " a soti nan mo Sanskrit ''guruū'' a, ki vledi pwofesè, moun kap eklere, gid, oswa konseye. Tradisyon ak filozofi Sikhi yo te etabli pa dis gourou soti nan 1469 rive 1708. Chak Guru te ogmante/ajoute epi ranfòse mesaj ansyen Guru a te anseye a, sa ki te lakòz kreyasyon relijyon Sikh la. Guru Nanak te premye gourou a epi li ta chwasi yon nivo disip kòm siksesè. [[Guru Gobind Singh]] te dènye gurou ki t gen fòm imen. Anvan lanmò li, Guru Gobind Singh te dekrete an 1708 ke Guru Granth Sāhib la t ap dènye gourou pèpetyèl Sikh yo. Guru Angad vini apre Guru Nanak, pask li te chiassi pa nanak pou ranplase l. Pita, yon faz enpòtan nan kreye Sikhi nan te vini ak twazyèm siksesè a, Guru Amar Das . Ansèyman Guru Nanak yo t'mete aksan sou pouswit delivrans lan; Guru Amar Das te kòmanse bati yon kominote disip ki byen solid ak inisyativ tanku sanksyone seremoni diferan pou nesans, maryaj ak lanmò. Amar Das te etabli tou sistèm ''manji'' (konparab ak yon [[dyosèz]] ) pou sipèvizyon klerikal. [[Fichye:Interior_of_Akal_Takht.jpg|vignette|Enteryè Akal Takht la]] Gourou Sikh yo te mete an plas yon sistèm ki pèmèt relijyon Sikh la fonksyone kòm yon kominote ki ka adapte ak chanjman tan yo. Guru Hargobind te jwe yon wòl enpòtan nan kreyasyon konsèp Akal Takht, ki vle di “twòn sila ki etènèl la”. Li sèvi kòm sant siprèm pou pran desizyon nan Sikhism epi li sitiye anfas Harmandir Sahib nan vil Amritsar. Jodi a, Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee se òganizasyon ki nonmen lidè administrasyon an. Sarbat Khalsa se yon reyinyon istorik kote yon pati reprezantatif nan Khalsa Panth la rasanble nan Akal Takht la, espesyalman pandan evènman tankou Vaisakhi oswa Hola Mohalla, oswa lè gen gwo desizyon pou pran pou tout kominote Sikh la. Yon gurmatā (ki vle di “volonte Gourou a”) se yon desizyon Sarbat Khalsa a pran an prezans Guru Granth Sahib. Yon gurmatā ka sèlman pase sou kestyon ki gen rapò ak prensip fondamantal relijyon Sikh la, epi li obligatwa pou tout Sikh yo swiv li.. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sgpc.net/sikhism/tankah.asp|title=Sikh Reht Maryada&nbsp;– Method of Adopting Gurmatta|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020606154817/http://sgpc.net/sikhism/tankah.asp|archive-date=6 June 2002|access-date=9 June 2006}}</ref> [[Fichye:SikhGurus-LifeSpans-GurushipSpans.jpg|alt=Graph showing Life Spans and Guruship Spans of Sikh Gurus|centré|vignette|Dire lavi apwoksimatif ak dire Guruship 10 Sikh Gurus yo]] == Lekriti Sent yo == === Adi Granth ===   ''Ādi Granth'' la te konpile prensipalman pa Bhai Gurdas sou sipèvizyon Guru Arjan an ane 1603 ak 1604. l'ekri nan ekriti Gurmukhī a, ki se yon desandan ekriti Laṇḍā ki t itilize nan Punjab nan epòk sa a. Ekriti Gurmukhī a te estandadize pa Guru Angad, dezyèm gourou Sikh yo, pou itilize nan ekriti Sikh yo e yo panse ekriti Śāradā ak Devanāgarī yo te enfliyanse li. Yo te kreye yon ekriti ki fè otorite pou pwoteje entegrite im ak ansèyman gourou Sikh yo, ansanm ak trèz bhagat Endou ak de bhagat Mizilman nan tradisyon sant mouvman Bhakti nan peyi Zend medyeval la. Trèz ''bhagat'' Endou ki te gen ansèyman yo te antre nan tèks la te gen ladan yo Ramananda, Namdev, Pipa, Ravidas, Beni, Bhikhan, Dhanna, Jaidev, Parmanand, Sadhana, Sain, Sur, Trilochan, pandan ke de ''bhagat'' Mizilmen yo te Kabir ak sen Soufi Farid . Sepandan, anpil nan bhagat sa yo te depase idantite relijye tradisyonèl yo nan ekriti yo. Pa egzanp, Kabir, ki souvan konsidere kòm Mizilman, deklare nan Ādi Granth la: “Mwen pa Endou ni Mizilman.” [8] Guru yo ki te swiv tradisyon sa a te anseye ke diferan fòm devosyon yo tout vize menm Bondye enfini an. ''Ādi Granth'' la se yon premye bouyon Guru Granth Sahib la. === Guru Granth Sahib === [[Fichye:Guru_Granth_Sahib.jpg|vignette|Gurū Granth Sāhib – ekriti prensipal Sikhism nan]]   Guru Granth Sahib la se ekriti sakre Sikh yo ==== Konpilasyon ==== Tèks la gen ladan anviwon 6,000 śabad (konpozisyon vès), ki ekri sou fòm pwezi epi mete sou mizik klasik ritmik ansyen nan nò peyi Zend. Pi gwo pati nan ekriti a òganize selon swasant rāga, epi chak Granth rāga sibdivize dapre longè ak otè. Im ki nan ekriti a yo klase prensipalman selon rāga kote yo resite ==== Lang ak ekriti ==== [[Fichye:Guru_Har_Rai_-_Mool_Mantar.jpg|vignette|Mul Mantar ekri pa Guru Har Rai, ki montre Ik Onkar nan tèt]] Lang prensipal k itilize an ekriti yo rele ''Sant Bhāṣā'', ki se yon lang ki gn rapò ak Punjabi ak Hindi e ki t lajman itilize nan tout nò peyi Zend nan Mwayennaj pa moun ki t sipòte relijyon devosyonèl popilè a ( bhakti ). Tèks la enprime nan ekriti Gurumukhi, yo kwè se Guru Angad ki te devlope li. Lang lan pataje rasin Endo-Ewopeyen yo jwenn nan plizyè lang rejyonal nan peyi Zend. se cool pask sa signifie ke alfebè ki se alfebè anpil punjabi itilize te kreye pa yon sikh guru ==== Ansèyman ==== [[Fichye:Sikh_musicians.jpg|gauche|vignette|Yon gwoup mizisyen Sikh yo rele Dhadi nan konplèks Tanp an lò a]] : ==== Kòm gourou ==== Guru Gobind Singh, dizyèm gourou a, te deklare Guru Granth Sahib kòm siksesè li. Avèk desizyon sa a, li mete fen nan tradisyon gourou imen yo, epi li etabli ekriti a kòm reprezantan gourou etènèl ak enpèsonèl la, ki vin sèvi kòm gid espirityèl pou Sikh yo. Guru Granth Sahib yo enstale nan tout Gurdwara yo. Anpil Sikh bese tèt yo oswa fè yon jès respè lè yo antre nan tanp lan devan li. Nan anpil Gurdwara, yo enstale Guru Granth Sahib la chak maten epi yo mete li nan yon kote pou repoze li nan aswè. Li venere kòm gurbānī etènèl ak kòm otorite espirityèl siprèm nan tradisyon Sikh la. Kopi Guru Granth Sahib yo pa konsidere kòm senp objè materyèl, men kòm prezans vivan. Dapre Myrvold, yo trete ekriti Sikh yo avèk menm nivo respè ak yon moun vivan, yon ti jan menm jan ak fason premye kretyen yo te onore Levanjil la. An konsekans, yo pa jete ansyen kopi ekriti Sikh yo; okontrè, yo fè yon seremoni dènye respè (fineray) pou yo. Nan peyi Zend, Guru Granth Sahib te rekonèt ofisyèlman pa Lakou Siprèm peyi Zend kòm yon “moun jidisyè”, sa ki pèmèt li resevwa don epi posede tè. Sepandan, kèk Sikh avèti ke si moun pa byen konprann tèks la, respè ak venerasyon pou li ka vin tounen bibliyolatri, kote fòm fizik ansèyman yo vin objè adorasyon olye de sans espirityèl ak mesaj yo menm. ==== Relasyon ak Endouyis ak Islam ==== <gallery widths="200" heights="200"> Fichye:Interior-view-Gurudwara-Sis-Ganj-Sahib.jpg|alt=Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib in Delhi. The long window under the marble platform is the location where Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by the Mughals.| Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib nan Delhi. Fenèt long ki anba platfòm mab la se kote Mughal yo te egzekite Guru Tegh Bahadur . Fichye:Bhai_Mati_Das.jpg|alt=Artistic rendering of the execution of Bhai Mati Das by the Mughals. This image is from a Sikh Ajaibghar near the towns of Mohali and Sirhind in Punjab, India.| Reprezantasyon atistik ekzekisyon Bhai Mati Das pa Mughal yo. Imaj sa a soti nan yon Sikh Ajaibghar toupre vil Mohali ak Sirhind nan Punjab, peyi Zend. </gallery> menm si Guru Granth Sahib la rekonèt Veda yo, Purana yo ak Koran an, li pa vle di yon pon senkretik ant Endouyis ak Islam kom yon moun petet ta panse, men li mete aksan sou nitnem banis tankou Japu (repetisyon mantra Non diven Bondye a - Waheguru ), olye de pratik tankou priye lè w mete ajenou devan Bondye nan yon direksyon espesifik kom Mizilmen yo fè lè yo priye, oubyen rituèl Endou tankou mete fil; menm si, premye a se yon aspè disiplinè nan adorasyon an, etandone Dhikr (souvni Allah) mete aksan sou li menm jan an tou nan Islam. === Dasam Granth === [[Fichye:Dasam.Granth.Frontispiece.BL.Manuscript.1825-1850.jpg|vignette|Dasam Granth la se yon ekriti Sikh ki gen tèks ki atribiye a Guru Gobind Singh, tankou otobiyografi li Bachittar Natak . Naratif prensipal nan tèks la se sou Chaubis Avtar (24 [[Avata (endouyis)|Avatar]] dye Endou Vishnu a ), Rudra, Brahma, deyès gèrye Endou Chandi a ak yon istwa sou Rama nan Bachittar Natak . ]] <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> Fichye:Mehdiana_5.jpg|alt=Sculpture at Mehdiana Sahib of the execution of Banda Singh Bahadur in 1716 by the Mughals| Eskilti nan Mehdiana Sahib ki reprezante ekzekisyon Banda Singh Bahadur an 1716 pa Mughal yo. Fichye:Bodyguard_of_Ranjit_Singh.jpg|alt=Some bodyguards of Maharaja Ranjit Singh at the Sikh capital, Lahore, Punjab| Kèk gadkò Maharaja Ranjit Singh nan kapital Sikh la, Lahore, Punjab. </gallery>Dasam Granth la se yon ekriti Sikh ki gen tèks ki atribiye a Guru Gobind Singh. Nan lòt men an, espesyalis yo atribiye travay la a apre lanmò gouru a, paske se yon powèt enkoni ki te ekri li. ''Dasam Granth'' la enpòtan pou yon gwo kantite Sikh. Sepandan, li pa gen menm otorite ak ''Guru Granth Sahib'' la. Gen kèk konpozisyon ''Dasam Granth'' tankou [[Jaap Sahib]] ( Amrit Savaiye ), ak Benti Chaupai ki fè pati priyè chak jou ( Nitnem ) pou Sikh yo. Premye vèsè priyè ardās la soti nan Chandi di Var . ''Dasam Granth'' la se lajman yon vèsyon mitoloji Endou ki soti nan Puranas yo: istwa sekilye ki soti nan plizyè sous yo rele ''Charitro Pakhyan'' — istwa pou pwoteje gason neglijan kont danje lanvi. Gen anpil vèsyon ''Dasam Granth'' ki egziste, epi otantisite ''Dasam Granth'' la vin tounen youn nan sijè ki pi deba nan Sikhism nan epòk modèn nan. Akali Nihang yo konsidere Dasam ak Sarbloh Granth kòm ekstansyon Guru Granth Sahib la. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-essential/the-3-granths-in-sikhism-the-debate-surrounding-sarbloh-granth-dasam-granth/754060/|title=The 3 granths in Sikhism & the debate surrounding Sarbloh Granth & Dasam Granth|last=Sethi|first=Chitleen K.|date=21 October 2021|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222223640/https://theprint.in/theprint-essential/the-3-granths-in-sikhism-the-debate-surrounding-sarbloh-granth-dasam-granth/754060/|archive-date=22 February 2023|access-date=22 February 2023}}</ref> Tèks la te jwe yon wòl enpòtan nan listwa Sikh la, men nan epòk modèn yo, gen pati nan tèks la ki te lakòz antipati ak diskisyon nan mitan Sikh yo. Sarbloh Granth la se yon tèks sakre ki gen 6,500 estwòf powetik tradisyonèlman atribiye a Guru Gobind Singh. Entelektyèl yo, bò kote pa yo, atribiye travay la a apre lanmò gouru a, paske se yon powèt enkoni ki ekri li. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/42718918|title=A dictionary of Indian literature|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119215901/https://search.worldcat.org/title/42718918|archive-date=19 November 2023|access-date=19 November 2023}}</ref> Ekriti sa a genyen, ansanm ak plizyè sijè, Atizay Sikh ak Lwa Lagè yo . Akali Nihang yo lajman adore ekriti sa a, epi anpil Sikh ki pa Nihang rejte li kòm yon travay otantik 10yèm gouru a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/606234922|title=Debating the Dasam Granth|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119234418/https://search.worldcat.org/title/606234922|archive-date=19 November 2023|access-date=19 November 2023}}</ref> Dapre Harbans Singh, otantisite travay la rejte sou baz stil ekriti li ak metriz pwezi li ki pa koresponn ak travay ''Dasam Granth'' Guru Gobind Singh la. Epitou, tèks la mansyone yon travay ki te konpoze an 1719, byen apre lanmò Guru Gobind Singh. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420|title=The encyclopaedia of Sikhism|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120005930/https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420|archive-date=20 November 2023|access-date=19 November 2023}}</ref> WH McLeod date travay la nan fen 18yèm syèk la epi li kwè se yon powèt enkoni ki te ekri li, ki te erèman atribiye a dizyèm gouru a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/435778610|title=The A to Z of Sikhism|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119202841/https://search.worldcat.org/title/435778610|archive-date=19 November 2023|access-date=19 November 2023}}</ref> === Janamsakhis === {{Atik detaye|Singh Sabha Movement}} Janamsākhī yo (literallman ''istwa nesans'' ) se ekriti ki di ke yo se biyografi Guru Nanak. Malgre ke yo pa ekriti nan sans ki pi strik la, yo bay yon gade ajyografik sou lavi Guru Nanak ak kòmansman Sikhism nan. == Obsèvans == [[Fichye:InsideSikhGurdwara.jpg|vignette|Darbar Sahib nan yon Gurdwara]] Sikh pratikan yo swiv pratik ak tradisyon ki etabli depi lontan pou yo ranfòse epi eksprime lafwa yo. Yo ankouraje resite non diven Bondye a, Waheguru, chak jou, epi sonje pasaj espesifik nan Guru Granth Sahib, tankou im Japu yo (oswa Japjī, ki vle di “chante”), espesyalman touswit apre leve epi benyen. Sikh ki batize yo resite priyè maten yo, priyè aswè a, ak priyè lannwit lan. Nan lavi familyal, yo konn li pasaj nan ekriti yo epi ale nan Gurdwara (yo rele tou gurduārā, ki vle di “pòt ki mennen nan Bondye”). Gen anpil Gurdwara ki byen konstwi epi byen konsève nan tout peyi Zend, ansanm ak nan prèske tout peyi kote Sikh yo prezan. Gurdwara yo ouvè pou tout moun, kèlkeswa relijyon, orijin, kas oswa ras yo. <ref name="brittanica-gurdwara">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/gurdwara|title=gurdwara|date=5 May 2024|website=britannica.com|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|access-date=28 June 2024}}</ref> Adorasyon nan yon Gurdwara konsiste prensipalman nan chante pasaj ki soti nan Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh yo souvan mete ajenou devan ekriti sakre a lè yo antre nan Gurdwara a. Resitasyon Ardas, ki soti nan dizwityèm syèk la, se tou yon pratik enpòtan pou Sikh yo. Ardas yo raple soufrans ak glwa kominote a nan tan pase, epi yo mande favè diven pou tout limanite.. Gurdwara a se tou kote yo fè pratik istorik Sikh ''langar'' la oubyen repa kominotè a. Tout gurdwara yo ouvè pou nenpòt moun, kèlkeswa lafwa yo, pou yon repa gratis, ki toujou vejetaryen. Moun yo manje ansanm, e volontè kominote Sikh yo antreteni epi sèvi kwizin nan. === Festival/evènman Sikh yo === Guru Amar Das te chwazi festival pou selebre pa Sikh yo tankou Vaisakhi, kote li te mande Sikh yo pou yo rasanble epi pataje festivite yo kòm yon kominote. Vaisakhi se youn festival ki pi enpòtan pou Sikh yo, alòske lòt festival enpòtan komemore nesans, lavi gourou yo ak mati Sikh yo. Nan listwa, festival sa yo te baze sou kalandriye linè a [[Vikram Samvat|, kalandriye Bikrami]] . An 2003, SGPC a, òganizasyon Sikh ki responsab antretyen gurdwara istorik Punjab yo, te adopte kalandriye Nanakshahi a . <ref name="nesbittbc" /> Nouvo kalandriye a trè kontwovèse pami Sikh yo e li pa aksepte pa tout sikh yo. Festival Sikh yo enkli bagay sa yo:   * Band Chor Diwas (oswa Diwali Sikh) se yon lòt festival Sikh enpòtan nan listwa li. Nan dènye ane yo, olye de Diwali, kalandriye apre 2003 ke SGPC te pibliye a te rele li Bandi Chhor Divas man yon moun ka di toulede onetman. * Hola Mohalla se yon tradisyon Guru Gobind Singh te kòmanse. Li kòmanse jou apre Sikh yo selebre Holi, pafwa yo rele li ''Hola'' . Guru Gobind Singh te modifye Holi ak yon festival twa jou ki gen ladan Hola Mohalla, ki se yon ekstansyon pou atizay masyal. Ekstansyon an te kòmanse jou apre festival Holi a nan Anandpur Sahib, kote sòlda Sikh yo te konn antrene nan batay fo, fè konpetisyon nan monte cheval, atletik, tire flèch ak egzèsis militè. === Seremoni ak koutim === [[Fichye:Sikh_wedding.jpg|vignette|Maryaj Sikh]] Sikh yo te sipòte epi ede devlope gwo tradisyon pelerinaj nan sit sakre tankou Harmandir Sahib, Anandpur Sahib, Fatehgarh Sahib, Patna Sahib, Hazur Nanded Sahib, Hemkund Sahib ak lòt ankò. Pelerinaj Sikh yo ak Sikh ki soti nan lòt sèk yo abitye konsidere sa yo kòm sakre epi fè pati ''Tirath'' yo. Hola Mohalla ki antoure festival Holi a, pa egzanp, se yon rasanbleman seremoni ak koutim chak ane nan Anandpur Sahib ki atire plis pase 100,000 Sikh. Gwo tanp Sikh yo gen yon ''sarovar'' kote kèk Sikh pran yon beny koutim. Gen kèk ki pote dlo sakre nan tank la lakay yo, sitou pou zanmi ak fanmi ki malad, yo kwè ke dlo sit sakre sa yo gen pouvwa restorasyon ak kapasite pou pirifye ''karma'' yon moun. <ref name="singha7" /> Diferan gourou Sikh yo te gen diferan apwòch pou pelerinaj. Lè yon timoun fèt, yo ouvri Guru Granth Sahib ji a ann yon paj oaza epi yo bay timoun nan non li avèk premye lèt ki anlè agòch paj gòch la. Tradisyonalman, Yo bay tout ti gason non fanmi Singh, epi yo bay tout ti fi non fanmi Kaur (se te yon tit yo te konn bay yon moun lè l te rantre nan Khalsa a). Rit maryaj Sikh la gen ladan seremoni ''anand kāraj'' la. Seremoni maryaj la fèt devan Guru Granth Sahib la pa yon Khalsa batize, Granthi nan Gurdwara a. <ref name="fenech33" /> Rekonesans ofisyèl ak adopsyon li te vini an 1909, pandan Mouvman Singh Sabha a. Lè yon Sikh mouri, tradisyonalman, yo boule kò a. Si sa pa posib, yo kap itilize nenpòt mwayen ki respekte pou debarase kò a. Yo fè priyè ''kīrtan sōhilā'' ak ''ardās yo'' pandan seremoni fineray la (yo rele sa ''antim sanskār'' ). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sgpc.net/sikhism/antam-sanskar.asp|title=Sikh Reht Maryada – Funeral Ceremonies (Antam Sanskar)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020406164549/http://sgpc.net/sikhism/antam-sanskar.asp|archive-date=6 April 2002|access-date=8 June 2006}}</ref> === Inisyasyon ak Khalsa a === Khalsa (ki vle di "pi ak souveren") se non kolektif Guru Gobind Singh te bay, bay Sikh ki te inisye nèt lè yo te patisipe nan yon seremoni yo rele ''ammrit sañcār'' (seremoni nèkta). <ref name="SinghFenech2014p23" /> Pandan seremoni sa a, yo brase dlo sikre ak yon nepe de bò pandan y ap chante priyè liturjik; yo ofri l bay Sikh ki inisye a, ki bwè l nan yon rituèl. Anpil Sikh pa inisye fòmèlman e nèt, paske yo pa sibi seremoni sa a, men yo respekte kèk konpozan Sikhism epi yo idantifye tèt yo kòm Sikh. Sikh ki inisye a, ke yo kwè ki fèt ankò, yo rele Amritdhari oswa Khalsa Sikh, alòske moun ki pa inisye oswa ki pa batize yo rele Kesdhari oubyen Sahajdhari Sikh. <ref name="SinghFenech2014p23" /> Premye fwa seremoni sa a te fèt se te nan Vaisakhi, ki te sou 30 mas 1699 nan Anandpur Sahib nan Punjab. Se nan okazyon sa a Gobind Singh te batize Pañj Piārē yo – senk moun byenneme yo, ki te batize Guru Gobind Singh li menm. Gason ki te inisye yo te resevwa non fanmi Singh, ki vle di "lyon", alòske fi Sikh ki te batize yo te resevwa non fanmi Kaur, ki vle di "prenses". <ref name="SinghFenech2014p23" /> Sikh ki batize yo toujou mete senk bagay, yo rele senk K yo (an lang Punjabi yo rele ''punj kakkē'' oubyen ''punj kakar'' ). Nan Senk bagay yo li genyen: ''kēs'' (cheve ki pa koupe), ''kaṅghā'' (ti peny an bwa), ''kaṛā'' (braslè sikilè an asye oubyen an fè), ''kirpān'' (epe/ponya), ak ''kacchera'' (kilòt koton). Senk K yo gen tou de objektif pratik ak senbolik. == Istwa ==   [[Fichye:Punjab_map.svg|vignette|Kat jeyografik Punjab, kote Sikhism nan soti, kont fwontyè aktyèl yo.]] Sikism te kòmanse nan zòn 15yèm syèk la. Guru Nanak (1469–1539), fondatè Sikism nan, te fèt nan vilaj ''Rāi Bhōi dī Talwandī'', ke yo rele kounye a Nankana Sahib (nan Pakistan jodi a). Paran li te Endou Khatri Punjabi . Dapre ajografi ''Puratan Janamsakhi'' te konpoze plis pase de syèk apre lanmò li e pwobableman baze sou tradisyon oral, Guru Nanak te montre enterè nan relijyon ak lavi espirityèl depi li te timoun, epi li te pase anpil tan ak asèt vwayaje ak moun ki sen. [1] Zanmi pwòch li te Mardana, yon Mizilman. Ansanm, yo te konn chante im devosyonèl devan piblik pandan nwit, epi yo te konn benyen nan rivyè a nan maten. Yon jou, pandan yon beny abityèl, Nanak te disparèt, epi fanmi li te panse li te nwaye. Twa jou apre, li te retounen epi li te deklare: “Pa gen Endou, pa gen Mizilman” (“nā kōi hindū nā kōi musalmān”). Apre sa, li te kòmanse preche ansèyman li yo ki vin fòme baz Sikhism. An 1526, Guru Nanak, nan laj anviwon 50 an, te fonde yon ti kominote nan Kartarpur, epi disip li yo te vin rele Sikh.. Malgre ke kont egzak itinerè li a pa klè, kont ajyografik yo di li te fè senk gwo vwayaj, ki te kouvri plizyè milye mil: premye vwayaj la te nan direksyon lès nan direksyon [[Bengal]] ak Assam ; dezyèm nan nan direksyon sid nan direksyon Andhra ak Tamil Nadu ; twazyèm nan nan direksyon nò nan Kashmir, Ladakh, ak Mòn Sumeru nan [[Tibet]] ; epi katriyèm nan nan [[Bagdad]] . Nan dènye vwayaj li a, li te retounen sou rivaj rivyè Ravi a pou l fini jou li yo. Gen de teyori ki opoze youn ak lòt sou ansèyman Guru Nanak yo. Youn, dapre Cole ak Sambhi, baze sou Janamsakhis yo ki gen yon nati ajyografik, epi li deklare ke ansèyman Nanak yo ak Sikhism te yon revelasyon ki soti nan Bondye, olye de yon mouvman pwotestasyon sosyal oswa yon tantativ pou rekonsilye Endouyism ak Islam nan 15yèm syèk la.Lòt teyori a deklare ke Nanak te yon gourou espirityèl. Dapre Singha, Sikhism pa aksepte lide enkarnasyon oswa pwofesi, men li mete aksan sou konsèp Guru a kòm yon nanm eklere, pa yon enkarnasyon Bondye ni yon pwofèt. Dezyèm teyori a kontinye eksplike ke Janamsakhis yo pa t ekri pa Nanak li menm, men pa disip ki vin apre yo, san gwo atansyon pou presizyon istorik, e yo gen anpil lejann ak mit ki te ajoute pou montre respè pou li. Dapre Cole ak Sambhi, tèm “revelasyon” nan Sikhism pa limite sèlman ak ansèyman Nanak yo, men li pwolonje pou tout Guru Sikh yo, ansanm ak pawòl gason ak fanm ki nan diferan epòk ki te rive nan konesans diven atravè meditasyon. Li gen ladan tou pawòl bhagat ki pa Sikh, kèk ki te viv anvan nesans Nanak, epi ki gen ansèyman yo antre nan ekriti Sikh yo.Guru Granth Sahib ak ansèyman Guru yo mete aksan sou lide ke Sikhism pa konsantre sou tande vwa ki soti nan Bondye, men sou transfòmasyon lespri imen an, kote nenpòt moun ka reyalize eksperyans dirèk ak pèfeksyon espirityèl nenpòt lè. === Enfliyans istorik yo ===   Devlopman Sikhism nan te enfliyanse pa mouvman Bhakti a; sepandan, Sikhism nan pa t sèlman yon ekstansyon mouvman Bhakti a. Sikhism, pa egzanp, pa t dakò ak kèk nan opinyon sen Bhakti yo Kabir ak Ravidas. <ref name="Pruthi" /> Sikhism nan te devlope pandan rejyon an te anba kontwòl Anpi Mughal la. De nan gourou Sikh yo, Guru Arjan ak Guru Tegh Bahadur, te refize konvèti nan Islam epi yo te tòtire epi egzekite pa dirijan Mughal yo. Pèsekisyon Sikh yo nan epòk Islamik la te deklanche fondasyon Khalsa a, kòm yon lòd pou libète konsyans ak relijyon. <ref name="pashauraarjan" /> Yon Sikh dwe enkarne kalite yon "Sant-Sipāhī".  yon sòlda sen . [[Fichye:Guru.Nanak.with.Hindu.holymen-b.JPG|vignette|[[Guru Nanak]] k ap eksplike ansèyman Sikh yo bay Sadhus yo]] Apre kreyasyon li, Sikhism te grandi pandan l t ap vin gen plis konvèti pami Endou ak Mizilman nan rejyon Punjab la. An 1539, Guru Nanak te chwazi disip li Lahiṇā kòm siksesè pou Guruship la olye de nenpòt nan pitit gason l yo. Yo te rele Lahiṇā Guru Angad e li te vin dezyèm gourou Sikh yo. Nanak te konfere chwa li nan vil Kartarpur sou bò larivyè Ravi a. Sri Chand, pitit gason Guru Nanak la, te yon nonm relijye tou, epi li te kontinye pwòp kominote Sikh li a. Disip li yo te vin konnen kòm Udasi Sikh yo, premye sèk paralèl Sikhism ki te fòme nan listwa Sikh . Udasi yo kwè ke Guruship la te dwe ale jwenn Sri Chand, piske li te yon nonm ki te gen abitid relijye anplis ke li te pitit gason Nanak. <ref name="Oberoi1994p78" /> Anvan Guru Angad te rantre nan komin Guru Nanak la, li te travay kòm yon ''pujari'' (prèt) ak pwofesè relijye ki te santre sou deyès Endou Durga . <ref name="ColeSambhi1995p18" /> Sou konsèy Nanak, Guru Angad te demenaje soti Kartarpur pou ale Khadur, kote madanm li Khivi ak pitit li yo t ap viv, jiskaske li te rive pon divizyon ki te genyen ant disip li yo ak Udasi yo. Guru Angad te kontinye travay Guru Nanak te kòmanse a epi li resevwa anpil kredi pou estandadize ekriti Gurmukhī a jan yo itilize l nan ekriti sakre Sikh yo. Guru Amar Das te vin twazyèm gourou Sikh la an 1552 a laj de 73 an. Li te respekte tradisyon Vaishnavism Endouyis la pandan yon bon pati nan lavi li, anvan li te rantre nan komin Guru Angad la. Goindval te vin tounen yon sant enpòtan pou Sikhism pandan Guruship Guru Amar Das la. Li te yon refòmatè, epi li te dekouraje moun mete vwal sou figi fanm yo (yon koutim Mizilman) ansanm ak sati (yon koutim Endou). <ref name="eosamardas">{{Atik ansiklopedik|url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx|title=Amar Das, Guru (1479–1574)}}</ref> Li te ankouraje pèp Kshatriya a pou goumen pou pwoteje moun epi pou jistis, li te deklare ke sa se Dharma . Guru Amar Das te kòmanse tradisyon pou nonmen <nowiki><i id="mwByM">manji</i></nowiki> (zòn administrasyon relijye ak yon chèf nonmen yo rele ''sangatias'' ), <ref name="FenechMcLeod2014p29" /> li te prezante sistèm ''dasvandh'' (dim) pou koleksyon revni nan non guru a epi kòm yon resous relijye kominotè, ak tradisyon ''langar'' Sikhism ki renome kote nenpòt moun, san okenn diskriminasyon, te kapab jwenn yon repa gratis nan yon plas kominotè. Koleksyon revni nan men Sikh yo atravè moun nonmen nan rejyon an te ede Sikhism grandi. <ref name="FenechMcLeod2014p29" /> Guru Amar Das te nonmen disip li ak bofis li Jēṭhā kòm pwochen Guru a, ki te vin konnen kòm Guru Ram Das. Nouvo Guru a te fè fas ak opozisyon nan men pitit gason Guru Amar Das yo, e poutèt sa li te deplase sant kominote Sikh la sou tè Guru Amar Das te idantifye kòm Guru-ka-Chak. Li te etabli kominote Sikh la sou sit sa a, epi yo te rele li Ramdaspur, dapre non li. Vil la te grandi piti piti e li te vin tounen Amritsar, ki jodi a konsidere kòm vil ki pi sakre nan Sikhism. Guru Ram Das te elaji sistèm manji a pou òganize nonman klerikal nan tanp Sikh yo, epi pou ranmase resous pou sipòte mouvman Sikh la ni nan plan teyolojik ni ekonomik. An 1581, Guru Arjan, pi jèn pitit gason Guru Ram Das la, te vin senkyèm gourou Sikh yo. Chwa siksesè a, jan sa te pase pandan prèske tout listwa siksesyon gourou Sikh yo, te mennen nan diskisyon ak divizyon entèn nan mitan Sikh yo. Pi gran pitit gason Guru Ram Das la, ki te rele Prithi Chand, yo sonje l nan tradisyon Sikh la kòm yon moun ki te opoze Guru Arjan ak fòs, sa ki te kreye yon faksyon nan kominote Sikh ke Sikh ki te swiv Guru Arjan yo te rele ''Minaas'' (literalman, "vakabon"). Sikh yo sonje Guru Arjan pou anpil reyalizasyon. Li te bati premye Harimandir Sahib la (ki pita te vin tounen Tanp an lò a). Li te yon powèt, epi li te kreye premye edisyon tèks sakre Sikh la ke yo rekonèt kòm Ādi Granth (literalman "premye liv la") epi li te gen ladan l ekri senk premye gourou yo ak lòt 13 sen Endou ak 2 sen Soufi Mizilman ki te eklere. An 1606, anperè Mughal Jahangir te tòtire epi touye l, paske li te refize konvèti nan Islam. Mati li konsidere kòm yon evènman enpòtan nan listwa Sikhism. <ref name="pashauraarjan" /> === Avansman politik === Apre mati Guru Arjan, pitit gason li, Guru Hargobind, te vin sizyèm Guru Sikh yo nan laj onz an. Nan peryòd sa a, Sikhism te evolye anpil, e li te vin pa sèlman yon mouvman espirityèl, men tou yon mouvman ki te gen dimansyon politik. Guru Hargobind te pote de nepe, youn ki reprezante otorite espirityèl epi lòt la ki reprezante otorite tanporèl, sa ki reflete konsèp Miri-Piri a. Dapre tradisyon Sikh la, Guru Arjan te mande pitit gason li pou l devlope yon fòs defans pou pwoteje kominote Sikh la, epi pou li toujou rete antoure pa disip ame. Se anba Guru Hargobind mouvman Sikh la te kòmanse òganize yon milis ame. Pita, fòs Mughal yo te arete Guru Hargobind e yo te kenbe li nan prizon nan Gwalior. Li pa klè konbyen tan li te pase nan prizon an, paske diferan sous bay chif ki varye ant de ak douz ane. Li te marye ak twa madanm, li te bati yon fò pou defann Ramdaspur, epi li te etabli yon tribinal fòmèl yo rele Akal Takht, ki jodi a konsidere kòm youn nan pi gwo otorite relijye nan tradisyon Khalsa Sikh la. An 1644, Guru Hargobind te nonmen pitit pitit li, Guru Har Rai, kòm pwochen Guru a. Nan peryòd sa a, Anperè Mughal Shah Jahan te eseye itilize estrateji politik pou febli tradisyon Sikh la, sitou nan divize epi enfliyanse pwosesis siksesyon an. Li te bay tè ak sipò bay Dhir Mal, yon lòt pitit pitit Guru Hargobind ki te rete nan Kartarpur, epi li te eseye ankouraje Sikh yo pou rekonèt Dhir Mal kòm siksesè lejitim Guru Hargobind. Dhir Mal te menm bay deklarasyon an favè otorite Mughal yo epi li te kritike granpapa li, Guru Arjan. Guru Hargobind te rejte Dhir Mal, e Dhir Mal te refize remèt vèsyon orijinal Guru Granth Sahib li te genyen an. Sitiyasyon sa a te lakòz yon divizyon nan kominote Sikh la.. Guru Har Rai gen renome pou lefèt ke li te rankontre Dara Shikoh pandan yon epòk kote Dara Shikoh ak ti frè li Aurangzeb te nan yon gwo batay pou siksesyon. Aurangzeb te rele Guru Har Rai, ki te refize ale epi li te voye pi gran pitit gason li Ram Rai nan plas li. <ref name="McLeod2014p260" /> Anperè a te jwenn yon vèsè nan ekriti Sikh la ki te ensilte Mizilman yo, epi Ram Rai te dakò ke se te yon erè epi li te chanje li. Konsa, Ram Rai te fè Aurangzeb plezi, men li pa t fè Guru Har Rai plezi ki te ekskominike pi gran pitit gason li a. Li te nonmen pi piti pitit gason li Guru Har Krishan pou siksesè li an 1661. Aurangzeb te reponn lè li te bay Ram Rai yon jagir (sibvansyon tè). Ram Rai te fonde yon vil la epi li te jwi patwonaj Aurangzeb; vil la te vin konnen kòm Dehradun, apre ''Dehra'' ki refere a tanp Ram Rai a. Sikh ki te swiv Ram Rai yo te vin konnen kòm Ramraiya Sikhs. Guru Har Krishan te vin wityèm gouru a a laj de senk an, epi li te mouri ak varyòl anvan li te gen uit an. Pa gen okenn im konpoze pa twa gourou sa yo ki enkli nan Guru Granth Sahib la. Guru Tegh Bahadur, tonton Guru Har Krishan, te vin gourou an 1665. Tegh Bahadur te reziste kont konvèsyon fòse Pandit Kachmir yo ak moun ki pa Mizilman pou vin [[Islamis|Islam]], epi yo te koupe tèt li an piblik an 1675 sou lòd anperè Mughal Aurangzeb nan Delhi paske li te refize konvèti nan Islam. Koupe tèt li a te traumatize Sikh yo. Yo te boule kò li nan Delhi, pandan Sikh yo te pote tèt la an sekrè epi yo te boule l nan Anandpur . Pitit gason l lan, Gobind Rai, te pran plas li, ki te militarize disip li yo lè li te kreye Khalsa a an 1699, epi li te batize ''Pañj Piārē'' a. Depwi lè sa a, yo te konnen l kòm [[Guru Gobind Singh]], epi yo te redefini idantite Sikh la kòm yon fòs politik ki reziste kont pèsekisyon relijye. ==== Konfederasyon Sikh la ak ogmantasyon Khalsa a ==== Guru Gobind Singh te inogire Khalsa an 1699 kòm otorite tanporèl Sikh yo. Li te kreye yon kominote ki ini objektif espirityèl ak responsablite politik ak militè. Yon ti tan anvan lanmò li, Guru Gobind Singh te deklare Guru Granth Sahib kòm otorite espirityèl siprèm pou Sikh yo. Apre lanmò Guru Gobind, Banda Singh Bahadur te vin kòmandan an chèf Khalsa a. Li te òganize rebelyon sivil la epi li te aboli oswa sispann sistèm Zamindari a pandan l te aktif epi li te bay kiltivatè yo pwopriyete tè pa yo. Anpi Sikh la, ak kapital li nan Lahore, te kouvri prèske 200,000 mil kare (520,000 kilomèt kare) ki enkli sa ki jodi a se nòdwès soukontinan Endyen an. Anpi a te antre nan yon trete ak pisans kolonyal Britanik yo kote tou de bò yo te rekonèt Rivyè Sutlej kòm liy limit, epi yo te dakò pou yo pa anvayi teritwa youn lòt. Maharaja Ranjit Singh kite yon eritaj enpòtan, sitou nan restorasyon ak elajisman Harmandir Sahib, ki se gurdwara ki pi respekte nan Sikhism, e ki vin pi byen konnen kòm “Tanp an lò” akòz mab ak lò yo te itilize pou dekore li. Apre lanmò Ranjit Singh an 1839, Anpi Sikh la te tonbe nan dezòd, paske li pa t kite yon sistèm gouvènman solid ni yon pwosesis siksesyon ki estab. Anpi a te rapidman febli, pandan faksyon entèn yo te divize Sikh yo epi sa te mennen nan Lagè Anglo-Sikh yo. Fòs Britanik yo te finalman bat lame Khalsa yo, ki te deja dezòdone ak demoralize, epi yo te kraze pouvwa yo. Pi jèn pitit gason Ranjit Singh la, Duleep Singh, te vin sou pouvwa pou yon ti tan, men li te arete epi egzile apre defèt Sikh yo. ==== Mouvman Singh Sabha a ==== Singh Sabha Movement, yon mouvman pou renesans Sikhi, te chèche revitalize Khalsa apre defèt Sikh yo nan lagè kont Britanik yo, espesyalman apre Dezyèm Gè Anglo-Sikh la, ansanm ak bès ak koripsyon enstitisyon Sikh yo pandan peryòd kolonyal la, epi nan kontèks pwoselitism lòt gwoup relijye nan Punjab. Mouvman an te kòmanse nan ane 1870 yo, epi apre yon peryòd rivalite ant diferan faksyon, li te finalman ini anba Tat Khalsa, avèk objektif pou revitalize pratik ak enstitisyon Sikh yo. Dènye Maharaja Anpi Sikh la, Duleep Singh, te konvèti nan Krisyanis an 1853, yon evènman kontwovèsyal men enfliyan nan listwa Sikh la. Ansanm ak konvèsyon li a, epi apre Anpi Sikh la te fin fonn epi rejyon an te fè pati Anpi Britanik kolonyal la, aktivite pwoselitism [[Kretyen|kretyen yo]], Brahmo Samajis, Arya Samaj, Mizilman Anjuman-i-Islamia ak Ahmadiyah te chèche konvèti Sikh yo nan soukontinan nòdwès Endyen an nan lafwa respektif yo. <ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">{{Atik ansiklopedik|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Singh-Sabha|title=Singh Sabha (Sikhism)|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] Online|access-date=25 October 2017|archive-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226073623/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Singh-Sabha}}</ref> Devlopman sa yo te lanse Mouvman Singh Sabha a. <ref name="barrierssm" /> <ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica Online" /> Premye reyinyon Singh Sabha Movement te fèt nan Harmandir Sahib nan Amritsar an 1873. Li te sitou inisye pa Sanatan Sikh yo, ansanm ak Giani yo, prèt yo ak granthi yo. Yon ti tan apre, Nihang Sikhs yo te kòmanse enfliyanse mouvman an, epi pita Tat Khalsa te lanse yon kanpay òganize ki te byen vit vin dominan nan kòmansman ane 1880 yo. Mouvman an te vin tounen yon konfwontasyon ant Sanatan Sikh yo ak Tat Khalsa yo sou fason pou defini ak entèprete Sikhi Sanatan Sikh yo, ki te dirije pa Khem Singh Bedi—ki te deklare li se yon desandan dirèk Guru Nanak—ansanm ak Avtar Singh Vahiria ak lòt lidè, te defann yon vizyon plis enklizif kote Sikhism te konsidere kòm yon branch refòme nan Endouyis. Okontrè, Tat Khalsa te fè kanpay pou yon idantite Sikh ki pi eksklizif, yo pa t dakò ak Sanatan Sikh yo, e yo t ap chèche modènize ak defini klèman Sikhism kòm yon tradisyon apa. Singh Sabha Movement te elaji nan nò ak nòdwès soukontinan Endyen an, sa ki te mennen nan kreyasyon plis pase 100 Singh Sabha. Nan premye deseni 20yèm syèk la, enfliyans Tat Khalsa te ogmante nan fason Sikhism te entèprete ak nan kontwòl Gurdwara yo. Tat Khalsa a te elimine pratik Brahmanik yo tankou itilizasyon dife yagna, e yo te ranplase yo ak seremoni maryaj Anand Karaj, dapre ekriti Sikh yo. Yo te retire zidòl ak imaj Guru Sikh yo nan Harmandir Sahib an 1905, pratik ki te parèt pandan administrasyon mahants yo nan ane 1800 yo. Yo te lanse yon kanpay sistematik pou estandadize aparans ak fonksyon gurdwara yo, pandan y ap baze sou ekriti Sikh yo ak tradisyon byen bonè pou “pirifye” idantite Sikhi a. Siksesè espirityèl yo pou Singh Sabha a enkli mouvman Akali nan ane 1920 yo, ansanm ak Komite Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak (SGPC) modèn nan, yon kò administrasyon gurdwara, ak pati politik Akali Dal la. ==== Divizyon peyi Zend ==== [[Fichye:Dubheran_Gurudwara_in_the_aftermath_of_Rawalpindi_Massacres.jpg|vignette|Gurudwara demoli ak rès zo viktim yo ki te boule pasyèlman kouche atè a, apre masak Rawalpindi yo nan mwa mas 1947, ki te vin anvan divizyon an epi ki te premye vyolans ki gen rapò ak divizyon an nan Punjab ki te montre siy klè netwayaj etnik.]] Sik yo te patisipe epi kontribye nan mouvman endepandans Endyen an ki te dire plizyè dizèn ane nan premye mwatye 20yèm syèk la. Finalman, lè Anpi Britanik la te rekonèt peyi Zend endepandan, [[Patisyon End|tè a te divize]] an de pati: peyi Zend ak majorite Endou ak Pakistan ak majorite Mizilman (Lès ak Lwès) an 1947. Dapre Banga, divizyon an te yon evènman enpòtan nan istwa Sikh la. {{Sfn|Banga|2017}} Sikh yo te istorikman viv nan rejyon nòdwès soukontinan Endyen an sou tou de bò liy divizyon an (" Liy Radcliffe "). Dapre Banga ak lòt entelektyèl, Sik yo te fòtman opoze demand Lig Mizilman yo epi yo te wè sa kòm "pèpetuasyon dominasyon Mizilman an" ak politik Rasis kontre Sikh nan sak te fè pati Anpi Sikh la sèlman san ane anvan. Kòm sa yo, òganizasyon Sikh yo, tankou Chèf Khalsa Dewan ak Shiromani Akali Dal ki te dirije pa Mèt Tara Singh, te kondane Rezolisyon Lahore a ak mouvman pou kreye Pakistan, yo te wè li kòm yon posiblite pou yo pèsekite l; kidonk, Sik yo te fòtman opoze divizyon peyi Zend lan . Pandan diskisyon yo ak otorite kolonyal yo, Tara Singh te parèt kòm yon lidè enpòtan ki te fè kanpay pou anpeche divizyon peyi Zend kolonyal la epi pou rekonesans Sikh yo kòm yon twazyèm kominote. {{Sfn|Banga|2017}} Lè yo te anonse separasyon an, nouvo liy fwontyè a te divize popilasyon Sikh la epi li te kreye gwo tansyon. Ansanm ak Endou yo, Sikh yo te sibi vyolans òganize ak revòlt nan Pakistan Lwès, sa ki te lakòz yon migrasyon masiv sou bò Endyen an, kote anpil moun te kite dèyè pwopriyete yo ak kote sakre yo. Sepandan, vyolans la pa t soti nan yon sèl bò sèlman. Pandan Sikh yo t ap deplase sou bò lès liy separasyon an, kèk ladan yo te fè reprezay kont Mizilman yo, sa ki te fòse anpil Mizilman kite zòn yo pou antre nan Pakistan. Anvan separasyon an, Sikh yo te reprezante anviwon 15% nan popilasyon Punjab Lwès la, pandan majorite a te Mizilman (apeprè 55%). Malgre sa, Sikh yo te fòme yon elit ekonomik enpòtan nan rejyon an, avèk gwo reprezantasyon nan aristokrasi lokal la, epi yo te gen prèske 700 Gurdwara ak anviwon 400 enstitisyon edikasyonèl ki te sèvi kominote yo. Anvan divizyon an, te deja gen plizyè konfli ant majorite Mizilman yo ak minorite Sikh yo, tankou diskisyon sou pratik jhatka kont halal, lit sou pwopriyetè Gurdwara Shaheed Ganj nan Lahore (ke Mizilman yo te vle konvèti an moske pandan Sikh yo te defann li kòm Gurdwara), ansanm ak demann gouvènman pwovens Mizilman an pou ranplase ekriti Gurmukhi a ak ekriti Arab-Pèsik Nastaliq nan lekòl yo. Pandan Konferans Simla an jen 1945, anba lidèchip Lord Wavell, lidè Sikh yo te okòmansman mande pou yo rekonèt kòm yon twazyèm kominote, men yo te abandone pozisyon sa a pou sipòte yon peyi Zend ini kote Sikh, Endou ak Mizilman ta viv ansanm anba yon konstitisyon ki sanble ak modèl Swis la. Lig Mizilman an te rejte pwopozisyon sa a epi li te ensiste pou Pakistan genyen tout Punjab la. Finalman, lidè Sikh yo te favorize yon divizyon teritwa a, epi Komite Travay Kongrè a te sipòte rezolisyon pou divize Punjab ak Bengal. [[Fichye:Sikh_Light_Infantry.jpg|vignette|Pèsonèl Enfantri Lejè Sikh yo ap defile pandan parad Jou Repiblik la nan Nouvo Delhi, peyi Zend.]] Ant mas 1947 rive jiskaout 1947, yon seri revòlt, dife ki te mete kay boule, piyaj pwopriyete Sikh yo, asasina lidè Sikh yo, ak touye moun nan distri Jhelum, Rawalpindi, Attock ak lòt zòn te mennen Tara Singh pou rele sitiyasyon nan Punjab la yon “gè sivil”, pandan Lord Mountbatten te deklare ke “preparasyon pou gè sivil te deja ap fèt.” Revòlt yo te lakòz premye vag migrasyon yo depi avril, kote anviwon 20,000 moun te kite nòdwès Punjab pou ale Patiala. Nan Rawalpindi, 40,000 moun te rete san kay. Lidè Sikh yo te fè plizyè apèl dezespere pou èd, men tout kominote relijye yo t ap soufri nan dezòd politik la. Sikh yo te reprezante sèlman anviwon 4 milyon sou 28 milyon moun nan Punjab, epi 6 milyon sou prèske 400 milyon nan tout peyi Zend; yo pa t majorite menm nan yon sèl distri. Lè yo te anonse liy divizyon an ofisyèlman nan mwa Out 1947, vyolans lan te rive nan yon nivo san parèy. Sikh yo te pami kominote relijye ki te pi afekte yo, ni an tèm de lanmò, ni an tèm de pèt pwopriyete, blesi, chòk ak dezòd jeneral. Sikh yo ak Mizilman yo te tou de viktim epi otè zak vyolans revanj youn kont lòt. Estimasyon kantite moun ki mouri yo varye ant 200,000 ak 2 milyon Sikh, Endou ak Mizilman. Te gen anpil ka vyòl ak swisid an mas pami fanm Sikh yo ki te pran kòm prizonye, ansanm ak yon gwo egzòd Sikh ki t ap kite Pakistan ki fèk kreye a pou ale nan peyi Zend ki fèk vin endepandan. Divizyon an te pwodui sa Banga dekri kòm “pi gwo konvwa refijye apye ki anrejistre nan listwa limanite,” ki te plis pase 100 kilomèt longè, epi ki te gen anviwon 300,000 moun, sitou Sikh ki te blese, dezespere, ak fache. Refijye Sikh ak Endou ki soti Pakistan te antre nan peyi Zend, pandan refijye Mizilman ki soti nan peyi Zend te antre nan Pakistan, nan yon gwo echanj popilasyon ant de nouvo eta yo. ==== Khalistan ==== [[Fichye:Thousands-Sikhs-protest-in-London.jpg|vignette|Sikh nan [[Lonn|Lond]] ap pwoteste kont gouvènman Endyen an.]] == Moun Sikh yo == {| class="sortable wikitable floatright" |+Sikh nan peyi Zend ! Eta/Teritwa Inyon an ! Pousantaj |- | Pendjab |57.7% |- | Chandigarh |13.1% |- | Haryana |4.9% |- | Delhi |3.4% |- | Uttarakhand |2.3% |- | Jammu ak Kachmir |1.9% |- | Rajasthan |1.3% |- | Himachal Pradesh |1.2% |} {| class="sortable wikitable floatright" |+Sikh nan Kanada <ref name="canadareligion2021">{{Cite web|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810034201|title=Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|date=26 October 2022|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305220639/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810034201|archive-date=5 March 2023|access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref> ! Pwovens/Teritwa ! Pousantaj |- | Kolonbi Britanik |5.9% |- | Manitoba |2.7% |- | [[Alberta]] |2.5% |- | Ontario |2.1% |- | Yukon |1.0% |} {| class="sortable wikitable floatright" |+Sikh nan Angletè ! Rejyon ! Pousantaj |- | Midlands Lwès |2.9% |- | Gran Lond |1.6% |- | Midlands de Lès |1.1% |} {| class="sortable wikitable floatright" |+Sikh nan Ostrali <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://profile.id.com.au/australia/religion?WebID=110&EndYear=2001&DataType=UR|title=Australia-Community Profile|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123042443/https://profile.id.com.au/australia/religion?WebID=110&EndYear=2001&DataType=UR|archive-date=23 November 2022|access-date=3 April 2023}}</ref> ! Eta/Teritwa ! Pousantaj |- | Viktorya |1.4% |- | Sid Ostrali |1.0% |- | Teritwa Kapital Ostralyen an |1.0% |} {| class="sortable wikitable floatright" |+Sikh nan Nouvèl Zelann <ref name="figure">{{Cite web|url=https://figure.nz/chart/K5hAmlDDPKAqwyjk|title=Religious affiliations in the Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand|website=Figure NZ Trust|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220043832/https://figure.nz/chart/K5hAmlDDPKAqwyjk|archive-date=20 December 2022|access-date=19 December 2022}}</ref> ! Rejyon ! Pousantaj |- | Bè Plenty |1.6% |- | Okland |1.5% |} Estimasyon ki soti an 2019 montre Sikhi gen anviwon 25–30 milyon disip atravè lemond. Yon estimasyon Charles Preston an 2020 bay yon chif apeprè 29,254,000 Sikh globalman. Dapre Pew Research Center, plis pase 9 sou 10 Sikh yo viv nan India, men gen tou gwo kominote Sikh nan Etazini, Wayòm Ini ak Kanada. Nan peyi Zend, popilasyon Sikh la prezan nan tout eta ak teritwa inyon yo, men li konsantre sitou nan nò ak nòdwès peyi a. Se sèlman nan eta Punjab kote Sikh yo fòme yon majorite (apeprè 58% selon resansman 2011). Anplis Punjab, lòt zòn nan peyi Zend kote Sikh yo depase 1.5% nan popilasyon an gen ladan Chandigarh, Haryana, Delhi, Uttarakhand, ak Jammu ak Kashmir, ki tout sitiye nan pati nò peyi a. Canada gen pi gwo pwopòsyon Sikh nan mond lan lè yo konpare li ak popilasyon total li, ak anviwon 2.1%. Nan Kanada, Sikh yo fòme apeprè 5.9% nan popilasyon pwovens British Columbia (Kalonbi Britik), sa ki mete li pami rejyon nan mond lan ki gen youn nan pi gwo konsantrasyon Sikh, apre Punjab ak Chandigarh nan peyi Zend. Kalonbi Britik, ansanm ak Manitoba ak Yukon, se pami sèlman kèk divizyon administratif nan mond lan kote Sikhi se dezyèm relijyon ki pi pratike nan mitan popilasyon an. Anvan divizyon End Britanik la an 1947, te gen plizyè milyon Sikh ki t ap viv nan zòn ki pita te vin Pakistan. Sikhism menm te fonde nan rejyon sa a, epi plizyè nan Guru yo te fèt toupre Lahore ak nan lòt pati ki kounye a fè pati Pakistan. Pandan divizyon an, Sikh ak Endou yo te kite Pakistan ki te fèk kreye a (ki te gen majorite Mizilman) pou yo ale sitou nan India ki te gen majorite Endou, pandan kèk te ale tou nan Afghanistan. An menm tan, anpil Mizilman ki t ap viv nan peyi Zend te deplase pou ale Pakistan. Selon rapò nouvèl an 2017, sèlman anviwon 20,000 Sikh rete nan Pakistan, epi popilasyon yo ap diminye, sa ki reprezante apeprè 0.01% nan yon popilasyon anviwon 200 milyon moun. === Sèk Sikh yo === [[Fichye:Gurdwara_Guru_Ravidass_Bhavan,_Birmingham.jpg|gauche|vignette|Ravidassia Sikh Gurdwara, Birmingham]] Sikhi genyn plizyè sou-tradisyon oswa gwoup ki pafwa rele “sèk Sikh,” ki diferan nan fason yo entèprete ansèyman, ekriti, oswa otorite espirityèl la. Gen kèk ki kwè nan yon liyaj gourou altènatif, lòt yo gen pwòp entèpretasyon yo sou ekriti Sikh yo, pandan kèk kwè nan swiv yon gourou vivan, oswa yo kenbe konsèp ki pa menm ak sa Khalsa ortodòks la defann. Pami pi gwo gwoup istorik yo, gen Udasi, Nirmala, Nanakpanthi, Khalsa, Sahajdhari, Namdhari, Nirankari, ak Sarvaria. Nihangs yo – gèrye Sikh Panth yo oubyen twoup ame yo. <ref name=":5" /> Gen de gwoup prensipal nan lòd sa a: Buddha Dal, oubyen lame veteran yo, ak Tarna Dal, oubyen lame jèn yo. Gen lòt ti gwoup ki konekte ak de lòd sa yo. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.philtar.ac.uk/encyclopedia/sikhism/akalis.html|title=Akalis/Nihangs|website=philtar.ac.uk|access-date=22 February 2023}}</ref> Prezidan Buddha Dal la, anvan sa, te toujou sèvi kòm prezidan Akaal Takht la, ki gen jiridiksyon sou tout bagay ki gen rapò ak lòd Akaali Nihang la. [[Fichye:Dr._Sant_Singh_Khalsa,_a_white_convert_to_Sikhism,_who_authored_the_most_widely_used_translation_of_the_primary_Sikh_Scripture.jpg|vignette|Sant Singh Khalsa, yon blan konvèti nan Sikhism, se te otè tradiksyon Guru Granth Sahib ki pi itilize a.]] Nirmalas – entelektyèl. Yo te konpoze tèks epi tou yo te etidye yon pakèt literati Endyen ak kèk literati ki pa Endyen. Yo te kominike avèk lòt moun ki nan chemen Dharmik yo tou. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.philtar.ac.uk/encyclopedia/sikhism/nirmal.html|title=Nirmalas|website=philtar.ac.uk|access-date=22 February 2023}}</ref> Dizyèm gourou a te enstitisyonalize yo tou. Bhai Daya Singh Ji Samparda ak Bhai Dharam Singh Ji Samparda, de nan Panj Pyare yo oubyen moun dizyèm gourou a te renmen anpil, te fonde de lòd Nirmala. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nirmalashramrishikesh.org/Home.asp?GivePage=reso1024|title=Nirmal Home|date=15 June 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615052041/http://nirmalashramrishikesh.org/Home.asp?GivePage=reso1024|archive-date=15 June 2006|access-date=22 February 2023}}</ref> Udasis – yon gwoup asèt ki istorikman te pran swen Gurdwara yo epi ki te fè aktivite misyonè . Malgre yo pa t fè pwomosyon pou li bay lòt moun, gen kèk nan pratik yo ki diferan de majorite kwayans Sikh yo. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.philtar.ac.uk/encyclopedia/sikhism/udas.html|title=Udasis|website=philtar.ac.uk|access-date=22 February 2023}}</ref> Baba Sri Chand, pi gran Sahibzada (pitit gason) premye gourou a, [[Guru Nanak|Guru Nanak Dev]], te fonde lòd la. <ref name=":3" /> Gurdev yo a se Baba Sri Chand. Sevapanthis – yon gwoup ki konsantre sou travay charitab ak sèvis san enterè (seva), san atann okenn peman an retou. Yo angaje tou nan travay akademik ak aktivite entelektyèl. Bhai Kahnaiya ji, ki te yon disip nan epòk nevyèm ak dizyèm Guru yo, souvan konsidere kòm premye chèf tradisyon sa a. Li te vin byen koni paske li te bay asistans medikal ak dlo bay sòlda blese sou tou de bò konfli yo pandan lagè, san li pa fè distenksyon ant zanmi ak lènmi. Jodi a, sèlman kèk manm Sevapanthi yo rete aktif. Istorikman, anviwònman kote yo te devlope ak kote yo te kominike te sitou yon rejyon ki te gen yon majorite Islam. Gyaaniyan Samparda – inivèsite Sikhi a, byenke teknikman li pa yon lòd, li esansyèlman sèvi kòm youn. Konpoze ak moun ki fè pati tout sèk ki anwo yo. Anpil branch nan lòd sa a. [[Fichye:Ustad_Baljit_Singh_Luxmi_Namdhari_and_Fateh_Singh.jpg|gauche|vignette|Sikh Namdhari yo, ke yo rele tou Sikh ''Kuka'' yo, se yon sèk Sikhism ki rekonèt pou rad blan byen pwòp yo ak ''pagari'' orizontal (tiban). Anwo a: Chantè ak mizisyen Namdhari yo.]] Premye sèk Sikh yo se te Udasis ak Minas, fonde pa Baba Sri Chand – pi gran pitit gason [[Guru Nanak]], ak Prithi Chand – pi gran pitit gason Guru Ram Das respektivman, an paralèl ak siksesyon ofisyèl gourou Sikh yo. Pita, sèk Ramraiya, fonde pa Ram Rai, te grandi nan Dehradun avèk patwonaj Aurangzeb. <ref name="FenechMcLeod2014p260" /> Anpil kominote Sikh divize te fòme pandan epòk Anpi Mughal la. Kèk nan sèk sa yo te resevwa sipò finansyè ak administratif nan men dirijan Mughal yo nan espwa pou yo te ka gen yon sitwayen ki pi favorab e ki pi obeyisan. Apre efondreman Anpi Mughal la, e patikilyèman pandan rèy Ranjit Singh, Sikh Udasi yo te pwoteje tanp Sikh yo, prezève ekriti Sikh yo epi rebati sa yo ki te pwofane oswa detwi pandan lagè Mizilman-Sikh yo. Sepandan, Sikh Udasi yo te kenbe zidòl ak imaj andedan tanp Sikh sa yo. Nan 19yèm syèk la, sèk Namdharis ak Nirankaris te fòme nan Sikhism, k ap chèche refòme epi retounen nan sa yo chak te kwè ki te fòm pi Sikhism lan. Tout sèk sa yo diferan de Sikh ortodoks Khalsa yo nan kwayans ak pratik yo, tankou kontinye selebre maryaj yo otou dife epi yo estrikteman vejetaryen. Anpil moun aksepte konsèp gourou vivan tankou Guru Baba Dyal Singh . Sèk Nirankari a, byenke li pa òtodòks, te enfliyan nan fòme opinyon Tat Khalsa ak kwayans ak pratik Sikh epòk kontanporen an. Yon lòt sèk Sikh enpòtan nan 19yèm syèk la se te mouvman Radhasoami nan Punjab ki te dirije pa Baba Shiv Dyal. Lòt sèk Sikh epòk kontanporen yo enkli [[3HO]] a, ki te fòme an 1971, ki egziste andeyò peyi Zend, patikilyèman nan Amerik di Nò ak Ewòp. <ref name="HaarKalsi2009p9" /> === Kas Sikh yo === Dapre Surinder S. Jodhka, eta Punjab, ki gen yon majorite Sikh, gen youn nan pi gwo pwopòsyon popilasyon ki klase kòm kas anrejistre nan peyi Zend. Malgre Sikhism ofisyèlman rejte sistèm kas la, li toujou egziste nan pratik sosyal pami Sikh yo. Jodhka note ke sistèm kas la, ansanm ak pratik entouchabilite, te pi vizib nan zòn riral Punjab yo. Kas Sikh ki gen plis pouvwa ekonomik, sitou pwopriyetè tè yo, pa fin elimine prejije kont Dalit yo. Menm si Dalit yo ka antre nan gurdwara nan vilaj yo, yo pafwa pa gen dwa prepare oswa sèvi langar (manje kominotè). Dalit Sikh yo nan Punjab te reponn a sitiyasyon sa a lè yo te kreye pwòp gurdwara yo ak lòt enstitisyon lokal pou chèche plis diyite ak amelyorasyon materyèl. Jodhka fè remake tou ke akòz ogmantasyon mobilite ekonomik nan Punjab modèn nan, kas yo pa toujou detèmine travay oswa okipasyon ankò, ni relasyon travay yo pa nesesèman mare ak yon sèl kominote oswa kote. An 1953, gouvènman Endyen an te aksepte demand lidè Sikh Master Tara Singh pou enkli Dalit Sikh yo nan lis kas anrejistre yo. Anplis, nan Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, 20 sou 140 plas yo rezève pou Sikh ki soti nan kas ki pi ba yo. === Dyaspora Sikh la === [[Fichye:Sikhs_on_the_move!.jpg|vignette|Sikh yo ap selebre Vaisakhi nan Toronto, Kanada.]] Nan lemonn antye, gen 30&nbsp;milyon Sikh, <ref name="Britannica">McLeod, William Hewat. 2019 [1998]. {{Atik ansiklopedik|title=Sikhism}}</ref> ki reprezante 0.4% nan popilasyon mondyal la. Apeprè 75% nan Sikh yo ap viv nan Punjab, kote yo reprezante 57.7% nan popilasyon eta a. Gwo kominote Sikh yo imigre nan eta vwazen yo tankou Eta Endyen Haryana ki se lakay dezyèm pi gwo popilasyon Sikh nan peyi Zend ak 1.1&nbsp;milyon Sikh dapre resansman 2001 an, epi ou ka jwenn gwo kominote imigran Sikh toupatou nan peyi Zend. Sepandan, Sikh yo sèlman reprezante anviwon 1.7% nan popilasyon Endyen an. Pifò Sikh ki pa nan peyi Zend ap viv nan sant Anglosfè a, avèk 771,790 nan Kanada (2.1% Sikh), <ref name="canadareligion2021">{{Cite web|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810034201|title=Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|date=26 October 2022|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305220639/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810034201|archive-date=5 March 2023|access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/dq221026b-eng.htm|title=The Daily — The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|date=26 October 2022|website=www150.statcan.gc.ca|access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref> 524,140 nan Wayòm Ini a (0.9% Sikh), <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/religion/bulletins/religionenglandandwales/census2021|title=Religion, England and Wales – Office for National Statistics|website=ons.gov.uk|access-date=29 November 2022}}</ref> 280,000 nan Etazini (0.1% Sikh), {{Refn|While the [[U.S. Census]] does not ask about religion,<ref>{{cite web|title= Does the Census Bureau have data for religion? |url=https://ask.census.gov/prweb/PRServletCustom/app/ECORRAsk2_/YACFBFye-rFIz_FoGtyvDRUGg1Uzu5Mn*/!STANDARD?pzuiactionzzz=CXtpbn0rTEpMcGRYOG1vS0tqTFAwaENUZWpvM1NNWEMzZ3p5aFpnWUxzVmw0TjJndno5ZkJPc24xNWYvcCtNbVVjWk5Z*|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=18 March 2023}}</ref> 70,697 Americans (or {{Percentage|70,697|331,449,281|2}} of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the [[2020 U.S. census|2020 census]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Asian Indian Was The Largest Asian Alone Population Group in 2020|url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/09/2020-census-dhc-a-asian-population.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=23 September 2023}}</ref> In the [[2021 Canadian census]], 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or {{Percentage|280,329|331,449,281|2}} of the total population.<ref>{{cite web|title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population| date=9 February 2022 |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&DGUIDList=2021A000011124&GENDERList=1,2,3&STATISTICList=1,4&HEADERList=0&SearchText=Canada|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|access-date=23 September 2023}}</ref> The [[U.S. Census Bureau]] estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2011/compendia/statab/131ed/2012-statab.pdf|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=14 April 2023}}</ref> The [[Pew Research Center]] estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2011/compendia/statab/131ed/2012-statab.pdf|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=14 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="How Many U.S. Sikhs">{{cite web|title=How Many U.S. Sikhs?|date=6 August 2012 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/2012/08/06/ask-the-expert-how-many-us-sikhs/|publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]|access-date=18 March 2023}}</ref> Sikh organisations like the [[Sikh Coalition]] and [[American Sikh Congressional Caucus]] estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures;<ref>{{cite web|title=About Sikhs|url=https://www.sikhcoalition.org/about-sikhs/|publisher=[[Sikh Coalition]]|access-date=14 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=H. RES. 275 - 118th Congress (2023-2024)| date=10 April 2023 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-resolution/275/text?s=1&r=1/|publisher=[[United States Congress]]|access-date=14 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="How Many U.S. Sikhs"/> 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sikhism Reporter's Guide|url=https://www.sikhcoalition.org/resources/sikhism-reporters-guide/|publisher=[[Sikh Coalition]]|access-date=23 July 2023|archive-date=23 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723043536/https://www.sikhcoalition.org/resources/sikhism-reporters-guide/|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{refn|<ref>{{cite web|title=The Sikh Community Today |url=https://pluralism.org/the-sikh-community-today|publisher=[[Harvard University]]|access-date=28 March 2023|quote="Today there are well over 500,000 Sikhs in the United States."}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=American Sikhs are targets of bigotry, often due to cultural ignorance |date=10 August 2022 |url=https://religionnews.com/2022/08/10/american-sikhs-are-targets-of-bigotry-often-due-to-cultural-ignorance/|publisher=[[Religion News Service]]|access-date=28 March 2023|quote="Scholars and government officials estimate the Sikh American population to number around 500,000."}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sikhs in America:A History of Hate |date=4 August 2017 |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/sikhs-in-america-hate-crime-victims-and-bias|publisher=[[ProPublica]]|access-date=28 March 2023|quote="There are an estimated 500,000 Sikhs living in the U.S., many in New York and California." }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=April 2022: Sikh Awareness and Appreciation Month |url=https://www.michigan.gov/whitmer/news/proclamations/2022/04/01/april-2022-sikh-awareness-and-appreciation-month|publisher=State of Michigan Office of the Governor|access-date=28 March 2023|quote="Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world, and, today, there are more than 30 million Sikhs worldwide and an estimated 500,000 Sikh Americans;"}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Want to know about Sikhism?|date=23 May 2022 |url=https://www.wuwm.com/2022-05-23/want-to-know-about-sikhism-head-to-new-book-collection-in-oak-creek|publisher=[[WUWM]]|access-date=28 March 2023|quote="There are more than 500,000 Sikhs in the United States."}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Brief Introduction to Sikhism|date=5 May 2021 |url=https://interactive.wttw.com/playlist/2021/05/05/sikhism-chicago|publisher=[[WTTW]]|access-date=28 March 2023|quote="Despite its relatively recent arrival in Chicago, Sikhism is the world’s fifth-largest religion, with 25 to 30 million adherents around the globe and an estimated 500,000 in America today."}}</ref>}} With 1% of [[Asian Americans#Religion|Asian Americans]] being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000 in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths|date=19 July 2012 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2012/07/19/asian-americans-a-mosaic-of-faiths-overview/|publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]|access-date=14 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2020 National Sikh American Survey: Key Findings|date=23 October 2020|url=https://issuu.com/saldefmedia/docs/2020_national_sikh_american_survey|publisher=[[Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund]]|access-date=14 April 2023|archive-date=14 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414220224/https://issuu.com/saldefmedia/docs/2020_national_sikh_american_survey|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=DP05ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES|url=https://data.census.gov/table?tid=ACSDP1Y2021.DP05|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=14 April 2023}}</ref>}} 210,400 nan Ostrali (0.8% Sikh), <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.id.com.au/2012/australian-census-2011/2011-australian-census-fastest-growing-religions/|title=2011 Australian Census – Fastest Growing Religions|last=Glenn|date=6 September 2012|publisher=Blog.id.com.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419034240/http://blog.id.com.au/2012/australian-census-2011/2011-australian-census-fastest-growing-religions/|archive-date=19 April 2013|access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Religion%20Article~80|title=2071.0 – Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia – Stories from the Census, 2016|date=28 June 2017|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref> ak 40,908 nan Nouvèl Zelann (0.9% Sikh). <ref name="New Zealand Sikh population">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/news/losing-our-religion|title=Losing our religion &#124; Stats NZ}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (May 2023)">kilè?</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Pandan ke kominote sa yo gen plis pase 125 an, pifò Sikh nan Lwès la se imigran premye, dezyèm oswa twazyèm jenerasyon. As of Dapre Resansman Kanadyen 2021 an, plis pase mwatye Sikh Kanada yo ka jwenn nan youn nan kat vil sa yo: Brampton (163,260), <ref name="bramptoncity2021">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00053521010&HEADERlist=32&SearchText=brampton|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Brampton, City (CY) Ontario [Census subdivision] Total – Religion for the population in private households – 25% sample data|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|date=26 October 2022|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|access-date=31 October 2022}}</ref> Surrey (154,415), <ref name="surreycity2021">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915004&HEADERlist=32&SearchText=surrey|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Surrey, City (CY) British Columbia [Census subdivision] Total – Religion for the population in private households – 25% sample data|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|date=26 October 2022|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|access-date=31 October 2022}}</ref> Calgary (49,465), <ref name="calgarycity2021">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00054806016&HEADERlist=32&SearchText=calgary|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Calgary, City (CY) Alberta [Census subdivision] Total – Religion for the population in private households – 25% sample data|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|date=26 October 2022|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|access-date=31 October 2022}}</ref> ak Abbotsford (38,395). <ref name="abbotsfordcity2021">{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00055909052&HEADERlist=32&SearchText=abbotsford|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Abbotsford, City (CY) British Columbia [Census subdivision] Total – Religion for the population in private households – 25% sample data|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|date=26 October 2022|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|access-date=31 October 2022}}</ref> Sik yo te imigre tou nan Afrik de Lès, Mwayen Oryan, ak Azi Sidès. Kominote sa yo te devlope pandan Sik yo t ap imigre soti nan Penjab pou ranpli twou vid ki te genyen nan mache travay enperyal la. == Entèdiksyon nan Sikhism == * Li entèdi pou gason ak fanm Sikh pèse nen oswa zòrèy pou mete bijou. Sepandan, sa a se yon pwen dezakò paske li te komen pou gason ak fanm Sikh mete pandan peryòd Sikh Misl la. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/YungBhujang/status/1276634524340776961|title=Today, the idea of religious Sikh men wearing earrings would be ridiculous – and in many puritan circles, the idea of any form of piercing for all Sikhs, including women and their jewelry, would be off-limits. Yet the historical record tells us a different story...}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (September 2023)">sous ki pa prensipal nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> * Timoun ki touye pitit fi : Yon Sikh pa ta dwe touye pitit fi li; ni li pa ta dwe kenbe okenn relasyon ak yon moun ki asasen yon pitit fi. * Yon Sikh pa dwe vòlè, fòme asosyasyon dout oswa patisipe nan jwèt aza . * Li pa apwopriye pou yon fanm Sikh mete yon vwal, oswa kenbe figi l kache. * Dapre Guru Granth Sahib, Sik yo pa ka mete okenn siy ki fè pati okenn lòt lafwa, ni patisipe nan adorasyon zidòl ( idolatri ). Sik yo pa dwe gen tèt yo toutouni oswa mete kaskèt . Yo pa ka mete okenn bijou ki ka pèse okenn pati nan kò yo tou. * Prèt eritye - Sikhism pa gen prèt, paske Guru Gobind Singh te aboli yo. <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhs.org/summary.htm|title=Sikhism Religion of the Sikh People|publisher=sikhs.org}}</ref> Sèl pozisyon li te kite se te yon Granthi pou pran swen Guru Granth Sahib la; nenpòt Sikh lib pou vin Granthi oswa li nan men Guru Granth Sahib la. <ref name="autogenerated2" /> [[Kategori:Relijyon nan mond endyen]] kv2o508iyj3zpuxefql1d3brr2xvyko 0 97400 881056 2026-04-19T15:50:08Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1269855808|Rehras]] » 881056 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Rehras Sahib''' (Punjabi ਰਹਿਰਾਸ ਸਾਹਿਬ, vle di: "chemen an"), ke yo rele So dar Rehras, se priyè aswè chak jou Sikh yo epi li fè pati Nitnem priyè. Li gen ladan l kantik Guru Granth Sahib Ji ak Dasam Granth Ji . Li genyen kantik So Dar, So Purakh, Chaupai Sahib, yon vèsyon kout Anand Sahib, ak Mundhavani, <ref> {{Atik ansiklopedik|title=Rehrasi}} </ref> pami ki Chaupai Sahib soti nan Dasam Granth Ji. Bani sa a se yon koleksyon kantik senk gourou Sikh : [[Guru Nanak|Guru Nanak Dev Ji]], Guru Amar Das Ji, Guru Ram Das Ji, Guru Arjan Dev Ji ak [[Guru Gobind Singh|Guru Gobind Singh Ji]] . == Gade tou == * Guru Granth Sahib * Dasam Granth 3i7pljuwxmmieiwqdcnxgqkqh83qpie 0 97401 881057 2026-04-19T16:09:57Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346743103|Kara (Sikhism)]] » 881057 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:Kara_(Sikhism).jpg|droite|vignette|Kara – youn nan senk atik lafwa pou Sikh yo]] Yon '''kara''', oswa rele yon '''kada,''' se yon braslè asye oswa an fè fonn ke Sikh yo mete, epi pafwa moun Endyen ki soti nan lòt relijyon. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.utc.edu/faculty/sarla-murgai/traditional-jewelry-of-india.php|title=Traditional Jewellery of India|publisher=[[University of Tennessee Chattanooga]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804140905/https://www.utc.edu/faculty/sarla-murgai/traditional-jewelry-of-india.php|archive-date=4 August 2018|access-date=8 February 2018}}</ref> Sikhism preche enpòtans egalite ak respè pou Bondye tout tan, ki reprezante atravè senk K yo — objè seremoni ke Sikh yo dwe mete oswa itilize lè yo te inisye nan ''Khalsa'' a, pami yo kara se youn. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/customs/fiveks.shtml|title=BBC – Religions – Sikhism: The Five Ks|date=29 September 2009|website=[[BBC.co.uk]]|publisher=[[BBC Online]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116094056/https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/customs/fiveks.shtml|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> == Istwa == Selon entelektyèl Sikh Pashaura Singh la, sizyèm gourou Sikh la, Guru Hargobind, te di gèrye li yo mete kara a. Kara a te etabli tou pa dizyèm gourou Sikh la, [[Guru Gobind Singh|Gobind Singh]], nan Baisakhi Amrit Sanchar, an 1699. Li se yon senbòl atachman ak angajman enkasab anvè Bondye . == Siyifikasyon ak itilizasyon == [[Fichye:Punjabi_fresco_from_Ferozepur_district_depicting_the_duel_between_Krishna_&_Rukmi,_with_Krishan_using_a_kara_as_a_weapon.jpg|vignette|Fresko Punjabi ki soti nan distri Ferozepur, Punjab, ki dekri duel ant Krishna ak Rukmi, avèk Krishna k ap itilize yon kara kòm zam.]] === Sikh yo === Kara a se yon senbòl atachman enkasab ak angajman san fay anvè Bondye. === Moun ki pa Sikh === Anpil moun ki pa Sikh Punjabi ak [[Endouyis|Endou]] ki pa Punjabi mete kara a nan nò, nòdwès ak lwès peyi Zend (tankou Gujarat, Rajasthan ak Maharashtra ). == Kontwovèsi == === peyi Zend === An 2022, Komisyon Seleksyon Sèvis Sibòdone Delhi (DSSSB) te entèdi yon kandida Sikh fi, Manharleen Kaur, pase yon egzamen konpetitif jiskaske l ta retire kara li. Kaur te pita fè yon ka kont DSSSB nan Tribinal Siperyè Delhi . DSSSB a te deklare pita ke kandida Sikh yo tap gen dwa prezante nan egzamen yo ak yon kara oswa yon kirpan, depi yo rive nan sant lan omwen inèdtan anvan lè pou yo prezante yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sikh-woman-prevented-from-appearing-in-exam-for-wearing-kara/cid/1874360|title=Sikh woman prevented from appearing in exam for wearing kara|date=12 July 2022|website=[[Telegraph India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714190917/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sikh-woman-prevented-from-appearing-in-exam-for-wearing-kara/cid/1874360|archive-date=14 July 2022|access-date=20 February 2024}}</ref> === Wayòm Ini === Nan mwa novanm 2007, yo te mete yon tifi Sikh 14 an, Sarika Singh, te eskli nan Lekòl pou fi Aberdare nan peyi Wales paske l te mete yon kara, pask "lekòl la entèdi elèv yo mete nenpòt bijou apa de zanno senp ak mont". Nan mwa jiyè 2008, jij Stephen Silber nan Tribinal Siperyè Angletè ak peyi Wales te deklare ke "braslè a — ke yo rekonèt kòm kara a — te yon senbòl lafwa Sikh li epi li pa t yon bijou". Li te di tou ke "lekòl la koupab de diskriminasyon endirèk anba lwa sou relasyon rasyal ak egalite", epi yo te pèmèt Singh retounen lekòl ak kara l nan mwa sektanm 2008. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jul/29look1.htm|title=UK: Sikh girls wins legal battle|date=29 July 2008|website=Rediff.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806224000/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jul/29look1.htm|archive-date=6 August 2008|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> An ane 2017 a, yon uit an Kaiden Singh pat pemet pou l te mete kara l nan lekòl li nan Tipton, Angletè. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/indians-abroad/british-sikh-boy-banned-from-wearing-kara-to-school-1757734|title=British Sikh Boy Banned from Wearing Kara to School|date=3 October 2017|website=[[NDTV.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812000525/https://www.ndtv.com/indians-abroad/british-sikh-boy-banned-from-wearing-kara-to-school-1757734|archive-date=12 August 2019|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> hh3iwa9tp4orpag7z3d3rfm033lx614 0 97402 881058 2026-04-19T16:18:44Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1307860999|Chandu Shah]] » 881058 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:The_Great_Mughal_Jahangir’s_Darbar.jpg|vignette|Darbar nan Jahangir ak ofisyèl yo, anviwon 1620]] '''Chandu Shah''' ( ki te viv nan fen 16yèm syèk la ak kòmansman 17yèm syèk la, ke yo rele tou '''Chandu Lal''' ak '''Chandu Mal''' ) se yon nonm ki parèt nan kont istorik Sikh yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/ikram/part2_14.html|title=XIV. The Age of Splendor|website=Columbia University (www.columbia.edu)|access-date=2023-03-01}}</ref> Tradisyon Sikh la fè konnen li te yon bankye rich ak yon ofisyèl revni anperè Mughal yo ki soti [[Lawo|Lahore]] ki te konplote kont senkyèm gourou Sikh la, Guru Arjan . == Biyografi == Li te soti nan yon fanmi Sahi (Shahi) Khatri epi li te nan sèvis ''Subahdar'' (Gouvènè) pwovens Lahore . Ostilite li anvè Guru a te kòmanse lè li te vrèman fache lè yo te rejte pwopozisyon maryaj li a pou pitit gason Guru a, Hargobind, marye ak pitit fi li a. Okòmansman, li te mande Anperè [[Akbar]] pou pini Guru a sou baz yon fo plent, men sa pa t rive paske Akbar te gen yon bon opinyon sou Arjan. Apre lanmò Akbar, li te kontinye plede pou pini Guru a bò kote anperè ki te fèk monte sou twòn nan, Jahangir . Li te mete tèt ansanm ak Prithi Chand, pitit gason Guru Ram Das ki te ekskominike a, ki pa t kontan dèske yo te pase sou li pou tit guru a, nan misyon li kont Guru a. Finalman, konplo li yo te reyisi epi yo te arete Guru a epi yo te mennen l Lahore, kote yo te tòtire l jiskaske li mouri. Selon yon vèsyon lokal Lahori sou evènman yo, Chandu Shah te peye anperè a pou l jwenn gad Guru a pou l te ka tòtire l pèsonèlman lakay li. === Lanmò === [[Fichye:Chandu_Shah_being_paraded_through_the_markets_of_Lahore,_by_the_Half_Tone_Press,_Ranjit_Nagara,_Lahore,_Punjab,_ca.1930's_(cropped_2).jpg|vignette|Chandu Shah ap defile nan mache Lahore yo, pa Half Tone Press, Ranjit Nagara, Lahore, Punjab, anviwon ane 1930 yo.]] Tradisyon Sikh la di ke Chandu Shah te finalman remèt bay Sikh yo pa Jahangir apre Guru Hargobind te fin di Chandu Shah sou konplo ak plan twonpe li yo epi li te egzekite li. Li te mouri apre yon pwosesyon te mennen l nan lari Lahore, li te soufri anba kout pye nan men obsèvatè ki te fache, epi li te sibi yon kou fatal ak yon louch fè. Ironikman, moun ki te tòtire Guru Arjan an se te tou moun ki te tòtire Chandu Shah la. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1185265|title=harking back : 'Laal Khoo' and the fate of Chandu Shah|last=Sheikh|first=Majid|date=2015-05-31|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|access-date=2023-03-01}}</ref> Pashaura Singh te diskite ke Jahangir te lage responsablite pou ekzekisyon Guru a sèlman sou Chandu Shah kòm yon mwayen pou l te chape anba responsablite li menm. Chandu Shah te kite dèyè pitit gason l, Karam Chand, ki te responsab pou l te pouse Anperè Mughal Shah Jahan kont Guru Hargobind an 1621, sa ki te mennen nan [[Early Mughal-Sikh Wars|premye lagè Mughal-Sikh yo]] ak batay Rohilla a, menm jan papa l anvan l te pouse Anperè Jahangir kont Guru Arjan. == Analiz == Sous ki pa Sikh ki soti nan menm epòk la, byenke yo ra e pafwa pa dakò youn ak lòt, fè konnen Guru a te pini sitou poutèt sipò li te bay Khusrau Mirza. Nan yon lèt Jerome Xavier te ekri kèk mwa apre lanmò a, li esplike ke yo te mande Guru a peye yon gwo amann paske li te bay Khusrau benediksyon piblik; lè li pa t kapab peye, yo mete l nan prizon. Dapre kèk narasyon, Chandu Shah ta achte libète li sèlman pou l kontinye fè l sibi move tretman jiskaske li mouri. Istwa sa yo montre yon reyalite pi laj: anba règ Jahangir, kominote Sikh la te sibi presyon ak pèsekisyon serye. Daprè entèpretasyon Pashaura Singh, istwa ki blame sèlman Chandu Shah la ta ka te sèvi kòm yon estrateji politik pa Anpi Mughal la pou minimize responsablite dirèk Jahangir ak otorite li yo. Sa vle di ke, menm si kèk narasyon eseye prezante Jahangir nan yon limyè pi pozitif, anpil istoryen wè epòk li a kòm yon moman kote Sikh yo te fè fas ak enjistis grav, represyon, ak vyolans leta == Eritaj == ''Haveli'' Chandu Shah la nan Lahore, ke yo rekonèt kòm 'Chandu de Haveli', ki sitiye andedan Pòtay Mochi a, te demoli pa Sikh yo an 1799, ane Maharaja Ranjit Singh te konkeri vil la, men li te rebati an 1825. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1185265|title=harking back : 'Laal Khoo' and the fate of Chandu Shah|last=Sheikh|first=Majid|date=2015-05-31|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|access-date=2023-03-01}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSheikh2015">Sheikh, Majid (2015-05-31). [http://www.dawn.com/news/1185265 "harking back : 'Laal Khoo' and the fate of Chandu Shah"]. ''DAWN.COM''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-01</span></span>.</cite></ref> 0yxk4lcqosw1q64xc3dybtlvrpocflx 0 97403 881059 2026-04-19T16:36:00Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348674437|Bhagat Sadhana]] » 881059 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Bhagat Sadhna''', ke yo rele tou '''Sadhna Qasai''', te yon powèt, sen, mistik ki soti nan nò Endyen e youn nan devote ki gen im li te ajoute nan Guru Granth Sahib . Yo venere l nan rejyon Punjab la, pami Sikh yo ak Ravidassias yo, pifò predikatè site imn devosyonèl li a anpil. Sèl im li a prezan nan Adi Granth Sahib, nan Raga Bilaval . Disip Bhagat Sadhna yo rele Sadhna Panthis. Sèl moniman li genyen se yon moske nan Sirhind, ke se kote li te mouri. == Istwa lavi == === Premye lavi === Sadhna te fèt nan lane 1180 AD nan Sehwan Sharif nan Hyderabad, Sindh, wayòm Soomra nan yon fanmi Mizilman. Kòm zansèt li yo te bouche pa pwofesyon, li te kontinye pwofesyon fanmi an nan touye kabrit ( Dhabihah ) ak vann vyann. Yo di ke te gen pyebwa ki bay lonbray ak enstalasyon dlo potab ki disponib toupre boutik li a. Akòz sa, anplis kliyan yo, vwayajè, sen, e menm vakabon te konn pran repo lè yo pase. Sadhna te trè enterese nan espirityalite depi adolesans li e kòm rezilta, li te konn fè diskisyon espirityèl ak sen sa yo ki te kanpe toupre boutik li a. === Pwofanasyon Shaligram === Sadhna te jwenn ''shaligram shila'' epi li te itilize yo kòm pwa nan pwofesyon li. Sadhna te irite sadhus ak pandit Vaishnav yo ak aksyon sa a. Yon bò, li te soti nan yon pwofesyon ak yon kas ki pi ba, e yon lòt bò, li t ap denigre adorasyon zidòl yo a lè l te itilize zidòl nan chè bèt, yon bagay ke Pundits yo konsidere kòm yon peche. Entelektyèl relijye sa yo te toujou ap diskite ak deba avè l, epi Sadhna te toujou ap depase yo nan malen. [[Fichye:Detail_of_Bhagat_Sadhana_from_a_mural_at_Gurdwara_Baba_Atal_in_Amritsar.jpg|vignette|Detay sou Bhagat Sadhana ki soti nan yon miray nan Gurdwara Baba Atal nan Amritsar, ozanviwon 19yèm syèk la.]] Yo rapòte ke youn nan sen Vaishnav yo te pran wòch Shaligram avè l. Sadhna pa t gen okenn pwoblèm ak sa e li pa t fè okenn objeksyon. Sen Vaishnav la te kontinye adore Shaligram men li pa t jwenn okenn plezi ak sajès entèn, jan li te wè nan eta, konpòtman ak panse Sadhna. Avèk espwa ki te kraze, li te remèt Wòch Shaligram yo, pwa Sadhna yo. Sadhna te preche ke "Wòch Shaligram" yo pa dye paske se wòch san lavi yo ye, epi yo pa ka bay okenn sajès a yon èt vivan. Rechèch espirityèl li a te pouse l abandone lavi yon mèt kay. Li te kite Sehvan epi li te mache nan tout peyi a ap preche lanmou Bondye. === Diskisyon ak madanm yon nonm ki gen anpil anvi === Istwa istorik sa a soti nan epòk Sadhna te jèn, bèl gason ak yon kò solid. Pandan vwayaj li nan Nò peyi Zend, aparans li te fè yon jèn dam marye ki te vle fè sèks avè l plezi. Lè Sadhna te mande Sadhna, li te reponn li pa t ka fè sèks ak okenn moun ki pa marye avè l. Sadhna te panse Sadhna te ka pè mari l. San l pa konprann panse Sadhna yo, li te touye mari l. Li te retounen jwenn Sadhna epi li te rakonte l sa l te fè a. Sadhna te choke epi li te kite zòn nan apre li te fin fè yon sèmon. Dam nan te santi l wont, li te boule tèt li sou bwa fineray mari l, sa ki te fè moun yo te kontinye panse li se Sati-Savitri.<ref name="sketchofsects">Sketch on the religious sects of the Hindus: Volume 1 - Page 181 Horace Hayman Wilson, [[Reinhold Rost]] - 1861)</ref><ref name="sketchofmaharajas">History of the sect of Mahĝrĝjas: or Vallabhĝchĝryas, in western India By Karsandás Múljí, Ralph T. H. (Ralph)</ref>Selon resous istorik yo, Sadhna te deklare ke Pèsonn pa konnen jan fanm yo ye, li touye mari l epi li vin tounen yon sati, pwovèb sa a vin popilè apre sa epi anpil powèt ak ekriven te itilize l pita. Dapre kèk otè, li te ale nan Pendjab apre ensidan sa a. Te gen yon lòt opinyon ki te di madanm nonm nan te pote plent bay administrasyon lokal la ke Sadhna te vyole li. Yo te arete Sadhna epi majistra a te kondane Bhagat Sadhna pou yo koupe men l. Apre yo te fin egzekite pinisyon an, yo te lage Bhagat Sadhna. Li te pati san yon grimas sou fwon l malgre mutilasyon barbar li te sibi a. Devosyon Bhagat Sadhna yo te tèlman reyisi ke Divin lan te beni l avèk nouvo men ki te pouse nan kò l. === Lanmò === [[Fichye:Mosque_of_Bhagat_Sadhna_at_Sirhind.jpg|vignette|Moske Sadhna Qasai, Sirhind ]] Yo kwè ke Bhagat Sadhna te preche nan zòn Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan ak Punjab. Bhagat Sadhana te pase dènye jou lavi li nan Sirhind ap preche filozofi li. Li te mouri nan Sirhind, kote yo te bati yon moske an memwa li epi gouvènman Punjab la te konsève li. Penti ki nan moske a reprezante fòm atistik 'T' la. Moske a fèt ak brik Sirhindi epi li sitiye nan pati nòdwès vil Sirhind toupre Level Crossing, nan distri Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab. == Pami Ravidasi yo == Ravidasi yo rekonèt Satgur Sadhna epi preche ansèyman ak panse li yo, menm jan Guru Ravidas nan imn devosyonèl li a rekonèt epi admire Satgur Sadhna kòm yon gwo devwe pami Kabir, Sain, Namdev : Okòmansman, Ravidassia yo te venere Guru Granth Sahib Sikh yo, ki te sèl depo pwezi devosyonèl Ravidass la. Sepandan, apre separasyon yo ak Sikh prensipal yo, Ravidassi yo te konpile pwòp liv sakre ansèyman Ravidass yo, Amritbani Guru Ravidass Ji a, epi anpil tanp Ravidassia kounye a itilize liv sa a nan plas Guru Granth Sahib la. Men, yo pa mete Bhagat Sadhna Vani ladan l. Men, Dera Sach Khand Ballan nan Jallandhar, Punjab sou 30 janvye 2010 nan anivèsè nesans 633rd nan Ravidass te anonse objektif yo nan relijyon Ravidassia kòm pwopagasyon bani ak ansèyman nan Ravidas, Namdev, Kabir, Trilochan, Sain ak Sadhna. jm9eyka6u0pimg0cj0y1nc4sneg78k5 0 97404 881060 2026-04-19T17:10:38Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301095724|Kaam]] » 881060 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:Drawing_of_an_amorous_Sikh_couple_by_James_Abbott,_circa_1826–1867.jpg|vignette|Desen yon koup Sikh amoure pa James Abbott, anviwon 1826–1867]]  {{Five Evils}}'''Kaam''' ( Punjabi : ਕਾਮ; ''Kāma'' ) se youn nan senk vòlè yo nan Sikhism, yo dekri li kòm lanvi oswa dezi twòp. Yon Sikh devwe dwe kontwole ''Kaam'' tout tan an. == Tradiksyon == Yo tradui tèm nan kòm dezi, anvi, konkipisans, sansyalite oswa lasiv nan kreyòl. == Deskripsyon == [[Fichye:Artwork_from_a_folio_of_a_Janamsakhi_manuscript_depicting_Kaljug_(Kali_Yuga)_in_the_presence_of_Guru_Nanak_stating_that_he_will_bind_the_people_in_the_vices_of_lust_and_gluttony_whilst_holding_an_erect_penis.jpg|vignette|Travay atistik ki soti nan yon pòtfolyo yon maniskri Janamsakhi ki dekri Kaljug (Kali Yuga) an prezans Guru Nanak ki deklare ke li pral mare pèp la nan vis lanvi ak safrete pandan l ap kenbe yon penis kanpe.]] Nan langaj komen, tèm nan refere a dezi seksyèl twòp. Sikhi wè kaam kòm yon anvi yon moun dwe kontwole detanzantan. <ref name=":1" /> Li pa wè kòm diferan de lòt anvi ak anvi nan eksperyans imen an ke yo dwe kontwole detanzantan tou. <ref name=":1" /> Kaam vin tounen anpil mal lè li kòmanse entèfere ak lavi maryaj yon moun, pa egzanp, lè li fè yon mari oswa yon madanm twonpe patnè li anba enfliyans li. Sikhi kondane kaam ki entèfere ak vwayaj espirityèl ak lavi chak jou yon moun. <ref name=":1" />   Mo a refere a tout dezi, men anjeneral li itilize an referans a dezi ki gen rapò ak sèks. Sikhism pa kondane kantite lanvi ak dezi seksyèl ki nòmal e ki an sante, tankou ant de moun marye, men pito kantite twòp ki entèfere nan vwayaj espirityèl yon moun trete kòm yon vis e imoral. Kaam pa konsidere kòm yon fenomèn byolojik nèt, men tou kòm yon konpòtman aprann kote yon moun ka enfliyanse negatifman pa lòt moun. ''Kaam'' gen rapò ak ''lobh'', yon lòt nan senk vòlè yo. Pandan ke kaam se dezi ekstrèm pou bagay seksyèl, lobh, nan lòt men an, se dezi oswa lanvi ki pa pwopòsyonèl pou bagay materyèl. <ref name=":2" /> === Koneksyon ekstramarital === [[Fichye:Sikh_lover_and_a_Kangra_lady,_ca.1830,_Pahari-Sikh_style.jpg|vignette|Yon mennaj Sikh ak yon dam Kangra, anviwon 1830, nan stil Pahari-Sikh. Soti nan atelye fanmi Purkhu a.]] Nan ansèyman Sikh yo, ''kaam'' asosye ak tandans ki ka mennen yon moun trayi maryaj li lè li twonpe patnè li. Tèks relijye yo avèti klèman kont konpòtman sa a, tankou sa parèt nan ''Varan'' Bhai Gurdas yo. Daprè li, yon Sikh ki vrèman angaje dwe rete konplètman fidèl ak madanm li, epi li dwe wè tout lòt fanm kòm “manman, sè oswa pitit fi,” jan li eksplike nan Varan 29:11. === Solisyon === Piske Sikhism pa defann selibat ak asetis kòm solisyon pou kaam, li anseye lòt metòd pou fè fas ak pwoblèm nan. Gen de fason pou fè fas ak kaam nan Sikhism atravè kanalizasyon ak redireksyon enèji a nan lòt objektif: <ref name=":1" /> Nan Sikhism, yo konsidere relasyon ideyal ant divinite a ak disip la kòm yon nanm-lamarye, kote disip la se yon madanm k ap anvi mari l ( ''kant'' ), ki se Bondye. Sa a se yon tèm ki repete nan tout kanon Sikh la. <ref name=":1" /> Disip la santi l mal poutèt eta separasyon li ak Bondye a epi li anvi reyini ak Bondye. <ref name=":1" /> Pwosedi devosyon konplè sa a toufe potansyèl negatif kaam yo epi li redireksyon enèji li nan pwogrè espirityèl pou moun nan. <ref name=":1" /> Guru Arjan deklare nan paj 534 nan Guru Granth Sahib la ke yon moun ki vrèman tonbe damou pou Bondye ak imilite pa chèche ni pozisyon pouvwa, ni otorite, ni menm liberasyon espirityèl ( <nowiki><i id="mwyA">mukti</i></nowiki> ). == Konparezon ak konsèp ''kama'' nan lòt relijyon Endik yo == Nan tradisyon Endou a, kaam pa toujou wè kòm yon etadespri negatif. Gen anpil divinite Endik ki gen rapò ak kaam, tankou Kamadeva . <ref name=":1" /> Kidonk, kontrèman ak Sikhism, konsèp la pa nesesèman vle di efè negatif sou chemen espirityèl la dapre Endouyism. <ref name=":1" /> Li konsidere tou ''kama'' kòm youn nan kat ''Puruṣārtha'' nan lavi yon moun. <ref name=":1" /> Sepandan, sèten lekòl ak tradisyon panse Endou, tankou yogi lekòl Samkhya a, pratike sipresyon kaam kòm yon pati nan kwayans ak pratik yo. Konseptyalizasyon kaam/kama nan Sikhism sanble ak tradisyon Sramanik yo, tankou [[Boudis]] ak Jainis . Tradisyon sa yo wè kaam kòm yon sous enkyetid. <ref name=":1" /> Se poutèt sa, yo preskri selibat ak asètism kòm metòd pou fè fas ak kaam. <ref name=":1" /> Sa diferan de Sikhism, ki pa defann fòm vi yon moun ki selibat oswa asèt. <ref name=":1" /> [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] 81hwz1fk1t0d1hxiswy59eze9a1ddn3 881061 881060 2026-04-19T17:12:25Z 1104s72 38991 881061 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:Drawing_of_an_amorous_Sikh_couple_by_James_Abbott,_circa_1826–1867.jpg|vignette|Desen yon koup Sikh amoure pa James Abbott, anviwon 1826–1867]]  {{Five Evils}}'''Kaam''' ( Punjabi : ਕਾਮ; ''Kāma'' ) se youn nan senk vòlè yo nan Sikhi, yo dekri li kòm lanvi oswa dezi twòp. Yon Sikh devwe dwe kontwole ''Kaam'' tout tan an. == Tradiksyon == Yo tradui tèm nan kòm dezi, anvi, konkipisans, sansyalite oswa lasiv nan kreyòl. == Deskripsyon == [[Fichye:Artwork_from_a_folio_of_a_Janamsakhi_manuscript_depicting_Kaljug_(Kali_Yuga)_in_the_presence_of_Guru_Nanak_stating_that_he_will_bind_the_people_in_the_vices_of_lust_and_gluttony_whilst_holding_an_erect_penis.jpg|vignette|Travay atistik ki soti nan yon pòtfolyo yon maniskri Janamsakhi ki dekri Kaljug (Kali Yuga) an prezans Guru Nanak ki deklare ke li pral mare pèp la nan vis lanvi ak safrete pandan l ap kenbe yon penis kanpe.]] Nan lang komen, tèm nan refere a dezi seksyèl twòp. Sikhi wè kaam kòm yon anvi yon moun dwe kontwole detanzantan. <ref name=":1" /> Li pa wè kòm diferan de lòt anvi ak anvi nan eksperyans imen an ke yo dwe kontwole detanzantan tou. <ref name=":1" /> Kaam vin tounen anpil mal lè li kòmanse entèfere ak lavi maryaj yon moun, pa egzanp, lè li fè yon mari oswa yon madanm twonpe patnè li anba enfliyans li. Sikhi kondane kaam ki entèfere ak vwayaj espirityèl ak lavi chak jou yon moun. <ref name=":1" />   Mo a refere a tout dezi, men anjeneral li itilize an referans a dezi ki gen rapò ak sèks. Sikhism pa kondane kantite lanvi ak dezi seksyèl ki nòmal e ki an sante, tankou ant de moun marye, men pito kantite twòp ki entèfere nan vwayaj espirityèl yon moun trete kòm yon vis e imoral. Kaam pa konsidere kòm yon fenomèn byolojik nèt, men tou kòm yon konpòtman aprann kote yon moun ka enfliyanse negatifman pa lòt moun. ''Kaam'' gen rapò ak ''lobh'', yon lòt nan senk vòlè yo. Pandan ke kaam se dezi ekstrèm pou bagay seksyèl, lobh, nan lòt men an, se dezi oswa lanvi ki pa pwopòsyonèl pou bagay materyèl. <ref name=":2" /> === Koneksyon ekstramarital === [[Fichye:Sikh_lover_and_a_Kangra_lady,_ca.1830,_Pahari-Sikh_style.jpg|vignette|Yon mennaj Sikh ak yon dam Kangra, anviwon 1830, nan stil Pahari-Sikh. Soti nan atelye fanmi Purkhu a.]] Nan ansèyman Sikh yo, ''kaam'' asosye ak tandans ki ka mennen yon moun trayi maryaj li lè li twonpe patnè li. Tèks relijye yo avèti klèman kont konpòtman sa a, tankou sa parèt nan ''Varan'' Bhai Gurdas yo. Daprè li, yon Sikh ki vrèman angaje dwe rete konplètman fidèl ak madanm li, epi li dwe wè tout lòt fanm kòm “manman, sè oswa pitit fi,” jan li eksplike nan Varan 29:11. === Solisyon === Piske Sikhism pa defann selibat ak asetis kòm solisyon pou kaam, li anseye lòt metòd pou fè fas ak pwoblèm nan. Gen de fason pou fè fas ak kaam nan Sikhism atravè kanalizasyon ak redireksyon enèji a nan lòt objektif: <ref name=":1" /> Nan Sikhism, yo konsidere relasyon ideyal ant divinite a ak disip la kòm yon nanm-lamarye, kote disip la se yon madanm k ap anvi mari l ( ''kant'' ), ki se Bondye. Sa a se yon tèm ki repete nan tout kanon Sikh la. <ref name=":1" /> Disip la santi l mal poutèt eta separasyon li ak Bondye a epi li anvi reyini ak Bondye. <ref name=":1" /> Pwosedi devosyon konplè sa a toufe potansyèl negatif kaam yo epi li redireksyon enèji li nan pwogrè espirityèl pou moun nan. <ref name=":1" /> Guru Arjan deklare nan paj 534 nan Guru Granth Sahib la ke yon moun ki vrèman tonbe damou pou Bondye ak imilite pa chèche ni pozisyon pouvwa, ni otorite, ni menm liberasyon espirityèl ( <nowiki><i id="mwyA">mukti</i></nowiki> ). == Konparezon ak konsèp ''kama'' nan lòt relijyon Endik yo == Nan tradisyon Endou a, kaam pa toujou wè kòm yon etadespri negatif. Gen anpil divinite Endik ki gen rapò ak kaam, tankou Kamadeva . <ref name=":1" /> Kidonk, kontrèman ak Sikhism, konsèp la pa nesesèman vle di efè negatif sou chemen espirityèl la dapre Endouyism. <ref name=":1" /> Li konsidere tou ''kama'' kòm youn nan kat ''Puruṣārtha'' nan lavi yon moun. <ref name=":1" /> Sepandan, sèten lekòl ak tradisyon panse Endou, tankou yogi lekòl Samkhya a, pratike sipresyon kaam kòm yon pati nan kwayans ak pratik yo. Konseptyalizasyon kaam/kama nan Sikhism sanble ak tradisyon Sramanik yo, tankou [[Boudis]] ak Jainis . Tradisyon sa yo wè kaam kòm yon sous enkyetid. <ref name=":1" /> Se poutèt sa, yo preskri selibat ak asètism kòm metòd pou fè fas ak kaam. <ref name=":1" /> Sa diferan de Sikhism, ki pa defann fòm vi yon moun ki selibat oswa asèt. <ref name=":1" /> [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] 18vrrpobwfhngko265x2qt4ziwz7qim 0 97405 881062 2026-04-19T17:19:11Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1318193302|Sikhism and the environment]] » 881062 wikitext text/x-wiki Relasyon ki genyen ant Sikh yo ak anviwònman an ka remonte nan epòk gourou Sikh yo, espesyalman Guru Har Rai. Nan dènye tan yo, gwoup Sikh yo te nan premye liy mouvman ak kòz anviwònman yo, tankou EcoSikh . Tèm ak lide anviwònman yo ka jwenn nan kanon prensipal Sikh la, Guru Granth Sahib la. == Istwa == === Orijin yo === Nou ka jwenn anvan Sikh yo te antre nan domèn anviwònman an nan Guru Granth Sahib la menm. Dezyèm ''shloka'' ''Japji Sahib'' [[Guru Nanak]] la mete aksan sou enpòtans pou nou viv an amoni ak lanati. <ref name=":02" /> Anplis de sa, Guru Har Rai te anseye ke Sikh yo ta dwe pran swen anviwònman an. <ref name=":02" /> Filozofi ''[[sarbat da bhala]]'' Sikh yo mande yo pou yo ankouraje byennèt tout moun. <ref name=":02" /> === Anpi Sikh la === Maharaja Ranjit Singh te renmen pyebwa ak vejetasyon anpil, se poutèt sa li te entèdi koupe nenpòt pyebwa nan yon distans 24 mil alantou [[Lawo|Lahore]] . Kèk nan òganizasyon Sikh ki te fouye nan efò anviwònman yo te enkli Pingalwara, ke Bhagat Puran Singh te etabli, ki te gen tandans pou anviwònman an. Balbir Singh Seechewal, ki soti nan sèk Nirmala a, te dirije mouvman pou netwaye rivyè Kali Bein nan ane 2000 an. <ref name=":02" /> Kali Bein nan, ki gen yon gwo enpòtans nan relijyon Sikh la kòm kote Guru Nanak te transfòme relijyezman nan tribinal Bondye a, te degrade akòz dlo egou agrikòl, dlo egou ki pa trete, ak yon twòp kwasans jasent dlo ki t ap bouche rivyè a. <ref name=":02" /> Seechewal te ogmante konsyantizasyon tou sou pwoblèm Bouda Nullah la. <ref name=":02" /> Sewa Singh, direktè Nishan-e-Sikhi Charitable Trust ki baze nan Khadur Sahib, te sipèvize distribisyon ak plante plizyè santèn milye ti pyebwa . Wout Khadur Sahib yo te aliyen ak pyebwa sa yo te plante, byenke se pa tout ki espès endijèn. <ref name=":02" /> Anplis de sa, yo te plante jaden ki gen yon pi gwo varyete espès pyebwa. <ref name=":02" /> SGPC a gen plan pou l relanse forè Machhiwara ki te egziste pandan epòk Guru Gobind Singh la, ke yo te koupe nan syèk ki te vin apre yo, atravè plante echantiyon pyebwa sou tè gurdwara òganizasyon an posede nan lokalite a pou relanse forè ki te pèdi a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others-do-not-use/sgpc-to-revive-machhiwara-forest/|title=SGPC to revive Machhiwara forest|date=2012-09-11|website=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=2023-05-01}}</ref> Aktivis ki soti sitou nan gwoup Sikh yo te jwe yon wòl enpòtan nan sove zòn forè Mattewara a anba koupe. == Pèspektiv teyolojik yo == Nan kwayans Sikh yo, anviwònman an ansanm ak fòs nati yo pa senp eleman fizik; yo gen yon dimansyon espirityèl epi yo fè pati konsyans diven ki soutni tout egzistans lan. Nan Guru Granth Sahib (paj 6), eleman tankou van, dlo, dife, ansanm ak planèt, galaksi ak sistèm solè yo, prezante kòm eleman ki ini tout bagay nan yon sèl reyalite diven. Sikh yo konsidere bèt yo kòm èt ki gen sans epi ki patisipe nan adorasyon diven an. Se poutèt sa, anpil Sikh chwazi swiv yon rejim vejetaryen, menm si sa pa yon obligasyon nan relijyon an. Règleman prensipal ki konsène vyann se entèdiksyon pou manje vyann ki soti nan bèt yo touye nan yon kad sakrifis relijye (tankou halal), epi yo ankouraje tou evite vyann si li pa bon pou sante. Anplis, gen yon refleksyon filozofik nan Guru Granth Sahib (paj 1189) ki fè remake ke plant yo tou se fòm lavi. Sa fè konprann ke li ta pa lojik pou entèdi vyann pandan y ap aksepte konsomasyon plant, paske toude fè pati lavi. 7j6l859e0ihx58g9u1kqkkr0jah1yu1 0 97406 881063 2026-04-19T17:32:02Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301449300|Babaji Singh]] » 881063 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Babaji Singh Khalsa''' (15 Out 1947 – 19 Novanm 2006) te yon Sikh [[Meksik|Meksiken]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldyogacouncil.net/members.html|title=+title+|last=World Yoga Council|publisher=Worldyogacouncil.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124012526/http://www.worldyogacouncil.net/members.html|archive-date=November 24, 2011|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> ki gen kredi pou tradiksyon Guru Granth Sahib, tèks sakre Sikh yo an panyòl. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://worldsikhnews.com/29%20October%202008/Guru%20Granth%20Sahib%20now%20in%20Spanish.htm|title=WSN-Tercentenary of Guruship to Guru Granth Sahib-Guru Granth Sahib now in Spanish|date=October 29, 2008|publisher=Worldsikhnews.com|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.3ho.org/enewsletter/e-news.07.08.09.a.html|title=3HO Foundation eNewsletter|publisher=3ho.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323084127/http://www.3ho.org/enewsletter/e-news.07.08.09.a.html|archive-date=March 23, 2012|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> == Lavi == Li te fèt nan [[Meksiko]] ; li te grandi nan yon fanmi katolik, li te fini etid li nan yon inivèsite Jezuit nan Meksik, Universidad Iberoamericana . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhdharma.org/pages/spanish-translation-siri-guru-granth-sahib-and-gifted-sikh-jathedars|title=Spanish Translation of Siri Guru Granth Sahib gifted to Sikh Jathedars in Nanded &#124; Sikh Dharma International|last=Sikh Dharma International|publisher=Sikhdharma.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330100752/http://www.sikhdharma.org/pages/spanish-translation-siri-guru-granth-sahib-and-gifted-sikh-jathedars|archive-date=March 30, 2012|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> Apre li te fin etidye nan inivèsite, li te pati pou [[Alaska]] epi apre sa pou Etazini. Yon ti tan apre li te konvèti nan Sikhism, li te retounen nan [[Meksiko]], Meksik epi li te vin yon predikatè Sikh . <ref name="sikhnet1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhnet.com/news/sree-guru-granth-sahib-spanish|title=Siri Guru Granth Sahib in Spanish|date=October 27, 2008|publisher=SikhNet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320103003/http://www.sikhnet.com/news/sree-guru-granth-sahib-spanish|archive-date=March 20, 2012|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> Li te tradui Guru Granth Sahib an panyòl, yon travay ki te pran anviwon 30 ane pou fini, pandan li te sèvi ak tradiksyon angle Gopal Singh kòm referans. Apre lanmò li, vèv li, Guru Amrit Kaur, te prezante tradiksyon sa a nan mwa Oktòb 2008 nan Nanded, pandan selebrasyon trisantnè Guru Gaddi Guru Granth Sahib la. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20081027/main8.htm|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Main News|website=The Tribune|location=India|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.popularsikh.com/node/75335|title=75335|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424062930/http://www.popularsikh.com/node/75335|archive-date=April 24, 2012|access-date=September 12, 2011}}</ref> [[Kategori:Lanmò 2006]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1947]] t0m7n6i0ovxlk5agno7q8lq1okl12rd 881064 881063 2026-04-19T17:32:37Z 1104s72 38991 881064 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Babaji Singh Khalsa''' (15 Out 1947 – 19 Novanm 2006) te yon [[Sikhi|Sikh]] [[Meksik|Meksiken]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldyogacouncil.net/members.html|title=+title+|last=World Yoga Council|publisher=Worldyogacouncil.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124012526/http://www.worldyogacouncil.net/members.html|archive-date=November 24, 2011|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> ki gen kredi pou tradiksyon Guru Granth Sahib, tèks sakre Sikh yo an panyòl. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://worldsikhnews.com/29%20October%202008/Guru%20Granth%20Sahib%20now%20in%20Spanish.htm|title=WSN-Tercentenary of Guruship to Guru Granth Sahib-Guru Granth Sahib now in Spanish|date=October 29, 2008|publisher=Worldsikhnews.com|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.3ho.org/enewsletter/e-news.07.08.09.a.html|title=3HO Foundation eNewsletter|publisher=3ho.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323084127/http://www.3ho.org/enewsletter/e-news.07.08.09.a.html|archive-date=March 23, 2012|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> == Lavi == Li te fèt nan [[Meksiko]] ; li te grandi nan yon fanmi katolik, li te fini etid li nan yon inivèsite Jezuit nan Meksik, Universidad Iberoamericana . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhdharma.org/pages/spanish-translation-siri-guru-granth-sahib-and-gifted-sikh-jathedars|title=Spanish Translation of Siri Guru Granth Sahib gifted to Sikh Jathedars in Nanded &#124; Sikh Dharma International|last=Sikh Dharma International|publisher=Sikhdharma.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330100752/http://www.sikhdharma.org/pages/spanish-translation-siri-guru-granth-sahib-and-gifted-sikh-jathedars|archive-date=March 30, 2012|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> Apre li te fin etidye nan inivèsite, li te pati pou [[Alaska]] epi apre sa pou Etazini. Yon ti tan apre li te konvèti nan Sikhism, li te retounen nan [[Meksiko]], Meksik epi li te vin yon predikatè Sikh . <ref name="sikhnet1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhnet.com/news/sree-guru-granth-sahib-spanish|title=Siri Guru Granth Sahib in Spanish|date=October 27, 2008|publisher=SikhNet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320103003/http://www.sikhnet.com/news/sree-guru-granth-sahib-spanish|archive-date=March 20, 2012|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> Li te tradui Guru Granth Sahib an panyòl, yon travay ki te pran anviwon 30 ane pou fini, pandan li te sèvi ak tradiksyon angle Gopal Singh kòm referans. Apre lanmò li, vèv li, Guru Amrit Kaur, te prezante tradiksyon sa a nan mwa Oktòb 2008 nan Nanded, pandan selebrasyon trisantnè Guru Gaddi Guru Granth Sahib la. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20081027/main8.htm|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Main News|website=The Tribune|location=India|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.popularsikh.com/node/75335|title=75335|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424062930/http://www.popularsikh.com/node/75335|archive-date=April 24, 2012|access-date=September 12, 2011}}</ref> [[Kategori:Lanmò 2006]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1947]] j4otzm9a6rx8y5qi37zuifs62wdl01g 881069 881064 2026-04-19T17:44:02Z 1104s72 38991 881069 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Babaji Singh Khalsa''' (15 Out 1947 – 19 Novanm 2006) te yon [[Sikhi nan Meksik|Sikh Meksiken]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldyogacouncil.net/members.html|title=+title+|last=World Yoga Council|publisher=Worldyogacouncil.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124012526/http://www.worldyogacouncil.net/members.html|archive-date=November 24, 2011|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> ki gen kredi pou tradiksyon Guru Granth Sahib, tèks sakre Sikh yo an panyòl. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://worldsikhnews.com/29%20October%202008/Guru%20Granth%20Sahib%20now%20in%20Spanish.htm|title=WSN-Tercentenary of Guruship to Guru Granth Sahib-Guru Granth Sahib now in Spanish|date=October 29, 2008|publisher=Worldsikhnews.com|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.3ho.org/enewsletter/e-news.07.08.09.a.html|title=3HO Foundation eNewsletter|publisher=3ho.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323084127/http://www.3ho.org/enewsletter/e-news.07.08.09.a.html|archive-date=March 23, 2012|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> == Lavi == Li te fèt nan [[Meksiko]] ; li te grandi nan yon fanmi katolik, li te fini etid li nan yon inivèsite Jezuit nan Meksik, Universidad Iberoamericana . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhdharma.org/pages/spanish-translation-siri-guru-granth-sahib-and-gifted-sikh-jathedars|title=Spanish Translation of Siri Guru Granth Sahib gifted to Sikh Jathedars in Nanded &#124; Sikh Dharma International|last=Sikh Dharma International|publisher=Sikhdharma.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330100752/http://www.sikhdharma.org/pages/spanish-translation-siri-guru-granth-sahib-and-gifted-sikh-jathedars|archive-date=March 30, 2012|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> Apre li te fin etidye nan inivèsite, li te pati pou [[Alaska]] epi apre sa pou Etazini. Yon ti tan apre li te konvèti nan Sikhism, li te retounen nan [[Meksiko]], Meksik epi li te vin yon predikatè Sikh . <ref name="sikhnet1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhnet.com/news/sree-guru-granth-sahib-spanish|title=Siri Guru Granth Sahib in Spanish|date=October 27, 2008|publisher=SikhNet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320103003/http://www.sikhnet.com/news/sree-guru-granth-sahib-spanish|archive-date=March 20, 2012|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> Li te tradui Guru Granth Sahib an panyòl, yon travay ki te pran anviwon 30 ane pou fini, pandan li te sèvi ak tradiksyon angle Gopal Singh kòm referans. Apre lanmò li, vèv li, Guru Amrit Kaur, te prezante tradiksyon sa a nan mwa Oktòb 2008 nan Nanded, pandan selebrasyon trisantnè Guru Gaddi Guru Granth Sahib la. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20081027/main8.htm|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Main News|website=The Tribune|location=India|access-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.popularsikh.com/node/75335|title=75335|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424062930/http://www.popularsikh.com/node/75335|archive-date=April 24, 2012|access-date=September 12, 2011}}</ref> [[Kategori:Lanmò 2006]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1947]] py0sqwv2std2zs0dfcg4gmyguby6ji6 0 97407 881065 2026-04-19T17:40:28Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1318874903|Sikhism in Mexico]] » 881065 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Sikhs in Mexico''' are a religious minority in [[Meksik|Mexico]]. There is estimated to be no more than 1,000 Sikhs living in Mexico, with most residing in [[Meksiko|Mexico City]] and the Naucalpan region. == Istwa == === Ane 1900 yo–1950 === Migrasyon Sikh yo nan Meksik te kòmanse nan kòmansman ane 1900 yo soti nan pwovens Punjab (End Britanik) . Sikh yo t ap imigre an gwo kantite pou opòtinite ekonomik [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] ak [[Kanada]] . Sepandan, akòz Lwa sou Imigrasyon Etazini an 1917, kèk Sikh te fini rete nan Meksik. Paske anpil Sikh te rankontre obstak pou antre Ozetazini nan deseni ki te swiv yo, kèk ladan yo te chwazi al tabli nan Meksik, kote yo te travay kòm kiltivatè epi yo te marye ak fanm Meksiken === 1950–2000 === Nan ane 1980 yo, Yogi Bhajan te vizite Meksiko, li te prezante yoga Kundalini, sa ki te mennen yon gwo kantite elèv li yo konvèti nan Sikhism soti nan [[Legliz Katolik|Katolik]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://journeys.dartmouth.edu/finalcurationsunny/mexican-sikhs-who-converted/|title=Examining Latino and Punjabi Sikh Identity|website=Dartmouth Education}}</ref> === Ane 2000 yo – Prezan === An 2016, yo te entèdi aktè Sikh-Ameriken Waris Ahluwalia okòmansman pran vòl Aeroméxico li soti Meksiko pou ale Nouyòk poutèt tiban li te genyen an. [[Fichye:The_Prime_Minister,_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_at_the_bilateral_meeting_with_the_President_of_Mexico,_Mr._Felipe_Calderon_on_the_sidelines_of_the_G-20_Summit,_at_Los_Cabos,_Mexico_on_June_18,_2012_(1).jpg|vignette|Premye Minis Sikh Endyen an, Dr Manmohan Singh, ap rankontre ak Prezidan Felipe Calderón nan Meksik nan Los Cabos, Baja California Sur (18 jen 2012)]] An 2022, gouvènman federal Meksik la te dakò pou l ofri azil a 141 refijye Sikh Afgan ki baze sou rezon imanitè. == Gurdwara == Kounya genyen sol youn Gurdwara ki fonksyone byen, ki sitiye nan Tecamachalco, nan Eta Meksik, toupre fwontyè a ak Meksiko. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldgurudwaras.com/gurudwaras/gurudwara-mexico-city/|title=Gurudwara Mexico City|website=World Gurudwaras|access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref> == Òganizasyon Sikh Meksiken yo == * Sikh Dharma Meksik <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhdharma.org/seva-in-mexico-city/|title=Seva in Mexico City|last=Khalsa|first=Gurujodha Singh|date=6 October 2015|website=Sikh Dharma International}}</ref> == Sikh remakab ki soti Meksik == * Babaji Singh – Sikh [[Meksik|Meksiken]] yo rekonèt kòm tradiksyon Guru Granth Sahib la an panyòl. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhdharma.org/pages/spanish-translation-siri-guru-granth-sahib-and-gifted-sikh-jathedars|title=Spanish Translation of Siri Guru Granth Sahib gifted to Sikh Jathedars in Nanded &#124; Sikh Dharma International|last=Sikh Dharma International|publisher=Sikhdharma.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330100752/http://www.sikhdharma.org/pages/spanish-translation-siri-guru-granth-sahib-and-gifted-sikh-jathedars|archive-date=March 30, 2012|access-date=}}</ref> 78ga2bmmwer0heufm051xrtn4l75wma 0 97408 881066 2026-04-19T17:41:24Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1318874903|Sikhism in Mexico]] » 881066 wikitext text/x-wiki   Sik nan Meksik se yon minorite relijye nan Meksik. Yo estime pa gen plis pase 1,000 Sik k ap viv nan Meksik, pifò ladan yo ap viv nan vil Meksik ak nan rejyon Naucalpan. == Istwa == === Ane 1900 yo–1950 === Migrasyon Sikh yo nan Meksik te kòmanse nan kòmansman ane 1900 yo soti nan pwovens Punjab (End Britanik) . Sikh yo t ap imigre an gwo kantite pou opòtinite ekonomik [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] ak [[Kanada]] . Sepandan, akòz Lwa sou Imigrasyon Etazini an 1917, kèk Sikh te fini rete nan Meksik. Paske anpil Sikh te rankontre obstak pou antre Ozetazini nan deseni ki te swiv yo, kèk ladan yo te chwazi al tabli nan Meksik, kote yo te travay kòm kiltivatè epi yo te marye ak fanm Meksiken === 1950–2000 === Nan ane 1980 yo, Yogi Bhajan te vizite Meksiko, li te prezante yoga Kundalini, sa ki te mennen yon gwo kantite elèv li yo konvèti nan Sikhism soti nan [[Legliz Katolik|Katolik]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://journeys.dartmouth.edu/finalcurationsunny/mexican-sikhs-who-converted/|title=Examining Latino and Punjabi Sikh Identity|website=Dartmouth Education}}</ref> === Ane 2000 yo – Prezan === An 2016, yo te entèdi aktè Sikh-Ameriken Waris Ahluwalia okòmansman pran vòl Aeroméxico li soti Meksiko pou ale Nouyòk poutèt tiban li te genyen an. [[Fichye:The_Prime_Minister,_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_at_the_bilateral_meeting_with_the_President_of_Mexico,_Mr._Felipe_Calderon_on_the_sidelines_of_the_G-20_Summit,_at_Los_Cabos,_Mexico_on_June_18,_2012_(1).jpg|vignette|Premye Minis Sikh Endyen an, Dr Manmohan Singh, ap rankontre ak Prezidan Felipe Calderón nan Meksik nan Los Cabos, Baja California Sur (18 jen 2012)]] An 2022, gouvènman federal Meksik la te dakò pou l ofri azil a 141 refijye Sikh Afgan ki baze sou rezon imanitè. == Gurdwara == Kounya genyen sol youn Gurdwara ki fonksyone byen, ki sitiye nan Tecamachalco, nan Eta Meksik, toupre fwontyè a ak Meksiko. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldgurudwaras.com/gurudwaras/gurudwara-mexico-city/|title=Gurudwara Mexico City|website=World Gurudwaras|access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref> == Òganizasyon Sikh Meksiken yo == * Sikh Dharma Meksik <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhdharma.org/seva-in-mexico-city/|title=Seva in Mexico City|last=Khalsa|first=Gurujodha Singh|date=6 October 2015|website=Sikh Dharma International}}</ref> == Sikh remakab ki soti Meksik == * Babaji Singh – Sikh [[Meksik|Meksiken]] yo rekonèt kòm tradiksyon Guru Granth Sahib la an panyòl. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhdharma.org/pages/spanish-translation-siri-guru-granth-sahib-and-gifted-sikh-jathedars|title=Spanish Translation of Siri Guru Granth Sahib gifted to Sikh Jathedars in Nanded &#124; Sikh Dharma International|last=Sikh Dharma International|publisher=Sikhdharma.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330100752/http://www.sikhdharma.org/pages/spanish-translation-siri-guru-granth-sahib-and-gifted-sikh-jathedars|archive-date=March 30, 2012|access-date=}}</ref> aw8j1opijng7ovmnsgwqs5ej1qjgz9z 881067 881066 2026-04-19T17:42:15Z 1104s72 38991 881067 wikitext text/x-wiki   Sik nan Meksik se yon minorite relijye nan Meksik. Yo estime pa gen plis pase 1,000 Sik k ap viv nan Meksik, pifò ladan yo ap viv nan vil Meksik ak nan rejyon Naucalpan. == Istwa == === Ane 1900 yo–1950 === Migrasyon Sikh yo nan Meksik te kòmanse nan kòmansman ane 1900 yo soti nan pwovens Punjab (End Britanik) . Sikh yo t ap imigre an gwo kantite pou opòtinite ekonomik [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] ak [[Kanada]] . Sepandan, akòz Lwa sou Imigrasyon Etazini an 1917, kèk Sikh te fini rete nan Meksik. Paske anpil Sikh te rankontre obstak pou antre Ozetazini nan deseni ki te swiv yo, kèk ladan yo te chwazi al tabli nan Meksik, kote yo te travay kòm kiltivatè epi yo te marye ak fanm Meksiken === 1950–2000 === Nan ane 1980 yo, Yogi Bhajan te vizite Meksiko, li te prezante yoga Kundalini, sa ki te mennen yon gwo kantite elèv li yo konvèti nan Sikhism soti nan [[Legliz Katolik|Katolik]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://journeys.dartmouth.edu/finalcurationsunny/mexican-sikhs-who-converted/|title=Examining Latino and Punjabi Sikh Identity|website=Dartmouth Education}}</ref> === Ane 2000 yo – Prezan === An 2016, yo te entèdi aktè Sikh-Ameriken Waris Ahluwalia okòmansman pran vòl Aeroméxico li soti Meksiko pou ale Nouyòk poutèt tiban li te genyen an. [[Fichye:The_Prime_Minister,_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_at_the_bilateral_meeting_with_the_President_of_Mexico,_Mr._Felipe_Calderon_on_the_sidelines_of_the_G-20_Summit,_at_Los_Cabos,_Mexico_on_June_18,_2012_(1).jpg|vignette|Premye Minis Sikh Endyen an, Dr Manmohan Singh, ap rankontre ak Prezidan Felipe Calderón nan Meksik nan Los Cabos, Baja California Sur (18 jen 2012)]] An 2022, gouvènman federal Meksik la te dakò pou l ofri azil a 141 refijye Sikh Afgan ki baze sou rezon imanitè. == Gurdwara == Kounya genyen sol youn Gurdwara ki fonksyone byen, ki sitiye nan Tecamachalco, nan Eta Meksik, toupre fwontyè a ak Meksiko. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldgurudwaras.com/gurudwaras/gurudwara-mexico-city/|title=Gurudwara Mexico City|website=World Gurudwaras|access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref> == Òganizasyon Sikh Meksiken yo == * Sikh Dharma Meksik <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhdharma.org/seva-in-mexico-city/|title=Seva in Mexico City|last=Khalsa|first=Gurujodha Singh|date=6 October 2015|website=Sikh Dharma International}}</ref> == Sikh remakab ki soti Meksik == * [[Babaji Singh]] – Sikh [[Meksik|Meksiken]] yo rekonèt kòm tradiksyon Guru Granth Sahib la an panyòl. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhdharma.org/pages/spanish-translation-siri-guru-granth-sahib-and-gifted-sikh-jathedars|title=Spanish Translation of Siri Guru Granth Sahib gifted to Sikh Jathedars in Nanded &#124; Sikh Dharma International|last=Sikh Dharma International|publisher=Sikhdharma.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330100752/http://www.sikhdharma.org/pages/spanish-translation-siri-guru-granth-sahib-and-gifted-sikh-jathedars|archive-date=March 30, 2012|access-date=}}</ref> 43jzz9rl0fa6q2w5np4seau42mt7kud 881068 881067 2026-04-19T17:43:46Z Quinlan83 25534 Fix 881068 wikitext text/x-wiki Sik nan Meksik se yon minorite relijye nan Meksik. Yo estime pa gen plis pase 1,000 Sik k ap viv nan Meksik, pifò ladan yo ap viv nan vil Meksik ak nan rejyon Naucalpan. == Istwa == === Ane 1900 yo–1950 === Migrasyon Sikh yo nan Meksik te kòmanse nan kòmansman ane 1900 yo soti nan pwovens Punjab (End Britanik) . Sikh yo t ap imigre an gwo kantite pou opòtinite ekonomik [[Etazini|Ozetazini]] ak [[Kanada]] . Sepandan, akòz Lwa sou Imigrasyon Etazini an 1917, kèk Sikh te fini rete nan Meksik. Paske anpil Sikh te rankontre obstak pou antre Ozetazini nan deseni ki te swiv yo, kèk ladan yo te chwazi al tabli nan Meksik, kote yo te travay kòm kiltivatè epi yo te marye ak fanm Meksiken === 1950–2000 === Nan ane 1980 yo, Yogi Bhajan te vizite Meksiko, li te prezante yoga Kundalini, sa ki te mennen yon gwo kantite elèv li yo konvèti nan Sikhism soti nan [[Legliz Katolik|Katolik]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://journeys.dartmouth.edu/finalcurationsunny/mexican-sikhs-who-converted/|title=Examining Latino and Punjabi Sikh Identity|website=Dartmouth Education}}</ref> === Ane 2000 yo – Prezan === An 2016, yo te entèdi aktè Sikh-Ameriken Waris Ahluwalia okòmansman pran vòl Aeroméxico li soti Meksiko pou ale Nouyòk poutèt tiban li te genyen an. [[Fichye:The_Prime_Minister,_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_at_the_bilateral_meeting_with_the_President_of_Mexico,_Mr._Felipe_Calderon_on_the_sidelines_of_the_G-20_Summit,_at_Los_Cabos,_Mexico_on_June_18,_2012_(1).jpg|vignette|Premye Minis Sikh Endyen an, Dr Manmohan Singh, ap rankontre ak Prezidan Felipe Calderón nan Meksik nan Los Cabos, Baja California Sur (18 jen 2012)]] An 2022, gouvènman federal Meksik la te dakò pou l ofri azil a 141 refijye Sikh Afgan ki baze sou rezon imanitè. == Gurdwara == Kounya genyen sol youn Gurdwara ki fonksyone byen, ki sitiye nan Tecamachalco, nan Eta Meksik, toupre fwontyè a ak Meksiko. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldgurudwaras.com/gurudwaras/gurudwara-mexico-city/|title=Gurudwara Mexico City|website=World Gurudwaras|access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref> == Òganizasyon Sikh Meksiken yo == * Sikh Dharma Meksik <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhdharma.org/seva-in-mexico-city/|title=Seva in Mexico City|last=Khalsa|first=Gurujodha Singh|date=6 October 2015|website=Sikh Dharma International}}</ref> == Sikh remakab ki soti Meksik == * Babaji Singh – Sikh [[Meksik|Meksiken]] yo rekonèt kòm tradiksyon Guru Granth Sahib la an panyòl. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhdharma.org/pages/spanish-translation-siri-guru-granth-sahib-and-gifted-sikh-jathedars|title=Spanish Translation of Siri Guru Granth Sahib gifted to Sikh Jathedars in Nanded &#124; Sikh Dharma International|last=Sikh Dharma International|publisher=Sikhdharma.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330100752/http://www.sikhdharma.org/pages/spanish-translation-siri-guru-granth-sahib-and-gifted-sikh-jathedars|archive-date=March 30, 2012|access-date=}}</ref> cxskp6dhvjq2o0eqmj21f6hutnzhk6e 0 97409 881070 2026-04-19T18:03:15Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311517844|Sikhism in France]] » 881070 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sikh franse''' yo se yon gwoup minoritè men kap grandi an [[Frans]] . Yo estime genyen anviwon 30,000 Sikh, pifò ladan yo baze nan [[Pari]], [[Bobigny]] ak Île-de-France . == Istwa == === Anpi Sikh la === [[Fichye:Letter_sent_from_the_King_of_France,_Louis-Philippe,_to_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh._Ranjit_Singh_is_addressed_as_“Rendjit_Sing_Bahador_-_Padichah_du_Pendjab”._Dated_27_October,_1835.jpg|vignette|Yon lèt Wa Fransè yo, Louis-Philippe, te voye bay Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Ranjit Singh rele "Rendjit Sing Bahador - Padichah du Pendjab". Date 27 Oktòb 1835]] Jeneral Jean François Allard, yon franse, te sèvi kòm premye jeneral etranje anba Maharaja Ranjit Singh, dènye Sikh Maharaja nan Punjab. Jeneral Allard te bay lòd an franse men li te aprann Punjabi tou pou l te ka kominike avèk sòlda li yo. Saint-Tropez, yon vil kotyè renome an Frans, asosye avèk relasyon istorik sa a. Nan vil la, yon pak minisipal gen yon estati Maharaja Ranjit Singh ak Jeneral Allard. Gouvènman Punjab la te fè kado estati sa a bay vil la an 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/why-ranjit-singh-s-statue-in-france/story-GM4kvaTrcEJf4YQT34ydxO.html|title=Why Ranjit Singh’s statue in France?|last=Walter|first=Neetika|date=2016-04-08|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2023-06-02}}</ref> Jean-François Allard ak Maharaja Ranjit Singh te devlope yon amitye solid, e Allard te jwe yon wòl kle nan mete sou pye ''Fauj-i-Khas'' la—yon brigad modèn ak byen òganize, enspire pa modèl militè Napoleon Bonaparte. Fòs sa a te ede ranfòse kapasite militè Anpi Sikh la. Pandan konfwontasyon ak fòs Afgan yo nan Khyber Pass, yo te bay kòmandman brigad la an franse, sa ki te kreye yon avantaj taktik sou chan batay la. Koneksyon ant Punjab ak Saint-Tropez la gen ladan l tou maryaj Jeneral Allard ak Bannu Pan Deï, yon maryaj Maharaja Ranjit Singh te òganize yon fason estratejik pou ranfòse relasyon Allard ak Punjab. Henri Prevost Allard, pitit pitit gason Jeneral Allard ak adjwen majistra Saint-Tropez, ansanm ak Ranjit Singh ki soti nan Konsèy Sikh Lafrans lan, te pwopoze lide pou selebre koneksyon sa a ant de kominote yo. === Règ Kolonyal la === Istwa Sikh yo an Frans remonte nan kòmansman 20yèm syèk la. Sikh yo te rive an Frans pou premye fwa pandan peryòd kolonyal la lè peyi a te gen teritwa lòt bò dlo, patikilyèman nan Sidès Lazi. Anpil Sikh te sèvi kòm sòlda oswa travayè nan koloni franse yo, tankou Indochine franse a (kounye a se Vyetnam, Laos ak Kanbòdj). === Premye Gè Mondyal la === Apre [[Premyè Gè mondyal|Premye Gè Mondyal la]], kèk sòlda Sikh ki te goumen nan lame fransèz la te chwazi pou yo rete an Frans. Yo te fòme yon ti kominote, sitou santre otou vil Masèy ak Pari. Premye imigran Sikh sa yo te fè fas ak anpil defi, tankou baryè lang ak diferans kiltirèl. Sepandan, yo te etabli kote adorasyon epi piti piti yo te entegre nan sosyete fransèz la. Nan mitan 20yèm syèk la, yon gwo kantite Sikh te rive an Frans akoz faktè politik ak ekonomik. Divizyon peyi Zend an 1947 ak kreyasyon Pakistan ki te vin apre a te lakòz tansyon ak vyolans nan kominote a. Anpil Sikh te imigre nan plizyè peyi, tankou Lafrans. Anplis de sa, nan ane 1960 ak 1970 yo, opòtinite ekonomik an Frans te atire imigran Sikh, ki soti nan Pendjab nan nò peyi Zend. == Demografi == * An 2004, dapre ''The Guardian'', yo te estime te gen 8,000 Sikh kap viv an Frans, epi 5,000 ladan yo t ap viv nan Pari. * An 2017, yo te estime te gen 30,000 Sikh an Frans. == Entèdiksyon turban == Sik franse yo te anba limyè piblik depi entèdiksyon turban an 2004 la, ki te entèdi Sik yo ak lòt relijyon mete chapo. Sa a te lakòz kòlè ak manifestasyon atravè lemond nan men Sik yo . Omwen senk Sik ki te mete turban oswa twal pou kouvri cheve yo ki pa koupe yo te entèdi antre nan salklas toupre [[Pari]] . Pandan twa zan, Sik yo te mande otorite yo pou yo leve entèdiksyon an sou turban an. Sa a mete aksan sou kijan Lafrans kontinye ap rasyalize ak fè diskriminasyon, yon rès istwa kolonyal brital yo a. == Lis Sikh franse yo == * Ranjit Singh Goraya – Adjwen Majistra Bobigny, premye Adjwen Majistra Sikh an Frans <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/proud-moment-ranjit-singh-becomes-the-first-sikh-deputy-mayor-in-france|title=Proud Moment! Ranjit Singh Becomes The First Sikh Deputy Mayor In France|last=Kapoor|first=Diksha|date=8 July 2020|website=[[PTC Punjabi]]}}</ref> == Gurdwara yo == Gurdwara an Frans yo enkli: * Gurudwara Singh Sabha Culte Sikh Lafrans, Bobigny * Gurdwara Sahib, Bourget * Gurudwara Guru Teg Bahadur Sahib, Bondy * Gurdwara Sant Baba Prem Singh Ji, La Courneuve * Gurdwara Shri Guru Ravidass, Pari == Òganizasyon ak asosyasyon Sikh yo == * Singh Sabha Paris * Conseil Representatif des Sikhs de France * Sikh an Frans * Konsèy Sikh Lafrans * Inivèsite Sikh yo * Klib Espòtif Punjab * Chardikala Sewak Jatha Frans * Nawjawan Sikh Frans * Charite Sikh Entènasyonal Lafrans * Konsèy Entènasyonal Sikh Lafrans == Kote ki gen yon popilasyon Sikh enpòtan == * [[Pari]] * [[Bobigny]] * Seine-Sen-Denis qy5c4hjzg9hvuz3lep8fj5qjl254jb6 0 97410 881071 2026-04-19T18:10:59Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1294079717|Sikh chola]] » 881071 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Sikh Chola''' (ki vle di <span class="gloss-quot">'</span> <span class="gloss-text">Wòb</span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) se yon rad tradisyonèl Sikh yo mete. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.dictionary?Param=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE|title=ਚੋਲਾ - SGGS Gurmukhi-English Data|last=Gill|first=Harjinder Singh|website=Sri Granth: Punjabi Dictionary & Encyclopedia (www.srigranth.org)|location=Santa Monica, CA, USA.|access-date=2022-09-05}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.dictionary?Param=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE|title=ਚੋਲਾ|website=Sri Granth: Punjabi Dictionary & Encyclopedia (www.srigranth.org)|access-date=2022-09-07}}</ref> [[Category:Articles containing Punjabi-language text]] == Deskripsyon == Se yon rad masyal ki bay yon gèrye Sikh libète mouvman. Sikh Chola se yon rad inisèks tou, epi li ka dekore tou avèk gwo bwodri sou tout kò l oswa sou pwatrin lan. == Egzanp konsève yo == Relik sakre yo enkli plizyè chola ki te konsève pa gourou Sikh yo. Youn nan chola ki pi remakab yo se yon moso ki gen fòm Khilka, yo kwè li te fè pati Guru Nanak, e li te vin sijè anpil atansyon ak rechèch. Genyen tou yon chola ki asosye ak Guru Hargobind, ki gen rapò ak istwa liberasyon li nan Fò Gwalior ansanm ak senkant-de lòt prizonye; rad sa a konsève nan vilaj Ghudani Kalan nan distri Ludhiana, nan Punjab, peyi Zend. == Galri == <gallery> Fichye:Guru_Nanak_wearing_robe_with_Perso-Arabic_inscriptions_01.jpg|alt=19th century painting depicting Guru Nanak wearing robe with Perso-Arabic inscriptions| Penti 19yèm syèk ki montre Guru Nanak ak yon wòb sou li ak enskripsyon Pèsò-Arab. Fichye:Ancient_Painting_of_Guru_Hargobind_Sahib_ji.jpg|alt=Historical painting of Guru Hargobind dressed in chola| Penti istorik Guru Hargobind abiye an ''chola'' Fichye:Ancient_Painting_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh_ji.jpg|alt=Historical painting of Guru Gobind Singh dressed in chola| Penti istorik Guru Gobind Singh abiye an ''chola'' Fichye:Clothes_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh.jpg|alt=Chola of Guru Gobind Singh.| ''Chola'' nan Guru Gobind Singh. Fichye:Clothes_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh_ji_with_bhai_behlo_jis_descendants.jpg|alt=Clothing relics of Guru Gobind Singh kept by Bhai Behlo's descendants| Desandan Bhai Behlo yo konsève rad ansyen Guru Gobind Singh yo. Fichye:Depiction_of_Bhai_Alam_Singh_'Nachna'.webp|alt=Depiction of Bhai Alam Singh 'Nachna' (died 1705), a close companion of Guru Gobind Singh, wearing chola| Reprezantasyon Bhai Alam Singh 'Nachna' (ki te mouri nan lane 1705), yon bon zanmi Guru Gobind Singh, ki te abiye ak ''chola.'' Fichye:Possibly_Guru_Hargobind_(also_identified_as_Guru_Har_Rai)_with_an_Attendant.jpg|alt=Circa 1750 painting of Guru Hargobind (also identified as Guru Har Rai) and an attendant wearing chola| Anviwon 1750 penti Guru Hargobind (yo idantifye tou kòm Guru Har Rai) ak yon asistan ki mete ''chola.'' Fichye:Painting_of_Maharaja_Ranjeet_Singh_standing_with_left_hand_grasping_sheath_of_his_sword,_captioned_as_'Runjeet_Sing',_the_Lion_of_the_Punjab.jpg|alt=Painting of Maharaja Ranjeet Singh standing wearing chola| Penti Maharaja Ranjeet Singh kanpe ak ''yon chola'' sou li. </gallery> l85ujlgj4zv8rriygsde9ilpt2e7aac 0 97411 881072 2026-04-19T18:20:53Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330477315|Rāgmala (Sikhism)]] » 881072 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ragmala''', altènativman eple kòm '''Raagmala''' oswa '''Ragamala''' ( Punjabi : ਰਾਗਮਾਲਾ (Gurmukhi ) ; pwononse rāgmālā,) se yon konpozisyon douz vèsè (swasant liy) ki non divès kalite raga ''.'' Raga sa yo parèt nan ''saroops'' Guru Granth Sahib, apre konpozisyon Guru Arjan ki gen dwa ''Mundavani'' (ਮੁੰਦਾਵਣੀ; ki vle di "So Royal la".) Tit la vle di literalman yon 'Girland Raga ', oubyen yon 'Mòd Melodi Mizikal' - "mala" vle di "girland", alòske "raga" vle di "konpozisyon mizikal oubyen mòd". Travay sa a enspire seri penti Ragamala yo . Lis la diferan selon otè a ak lekòl mizik li baze sou li a. Ou ka jwenn varyasyon sou lis sa yo nan liv mizik peyi Zend yo. == Kontwovèsi == Gen uit raga nan Guru Granth Sahib la ki pa parèt nan Ragmala a, yo se: Bihagara, Wadahans, Manjh, Jaitsri, Ramkali, Tukhari, Prabhati ak Jaijawanti. Anplis, Mali-Gaura pa enkli nan Raagmala a, tandiske Gaura li menm ladan l. <blockquote>"Dènye paj Kartarpur Beerh yo pa sijere, ni akoz prezans espas vid, ni akoz tras, ni akoz efasman nan tèks orijinal la, ni okenn lòt bagay, ke te gen oswa te ka gen okenn entansyon pou ekri im sa yo nan Granth la. Mudaavni a sou paj 973/1. Paj 973/2 ak 974/1 yo vid, epi sou paj 974/2 se Raagmala. Kidonk, pa janm te ka gen posibilite, ni yo pa t janm ka imajine ke twa ekriti sa yo ki mande yon espas plis pase kat paj te ka akomode sou de paj vid 973/2 ak 974/1 yo." - Pwofesè Sahib Singh</blockquote>Dapre Dr. SS Kapoor, entelektyèl Sikh yo pa rive dakò sou si li ta dwe enkli nan Granth la. Lekòl tradisyonèl la kwè li fè pati Guru Granth Sahib la, e yo konsidere li kòm yon kalite endèks raga yo itilize nan tèks la. Sepandan, pozisyon sa a souvan diskite paske kontni an pa ann amoni nèt ak rès Granth la. Yon lòt agiman nan men lekòl tradisyonèl yo (sampardai) se ke Ragmala a te deja prezan nan kopi orijinal la, paske yo di li te ekri ak menm lank ak menm plim ak lòt seksyon yo. Plizyè Sikh Sampardas (liyaj konesans tradisyonèl) pretann ke Ragmala a se pa sèlman yon chaplè nan Raags Guru Granth Sahib la, men li gen yon siyifikasyon espirityèl ki pi pwofon. Bhai Randhir Singh, fondatè Akhand Kirtani Jatha a, pa t konsidere Raagmala a kòm ''gurbani'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.akj.org/chapterdetail.php?bookid=MQ==&%20chapid=MQ==|title=Gurmat Rehat Maryada: The Points of Contention|last=Singh|first=Manmohan|date=April 1993|website=Akhand Keertanee Jathaa|access-date=29 December 2025|quote=By not reading Raag Mala, 'the Bhai Randhir's have attacked the purity and unity of Sri Guru Granth Sahib'.}}</ref> Gwoup la an antye rejte otantisite konpozisyon an. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.akj.org/faq.php|title=FAQ - What Is Raagmala?|website=Akhand Kirtani Jatha|access-date=30 December 2025|quote=The Akhand Kirtani Jatha along with many other Gursikhs in the panth do not believe that Raagmala (which is a small composition appearing at the end of modern day saroops of Guru Sahib) was recited by any of the Gurus and thus is not Gurbani.}}</ref> == Pwen de vi ofisyèl SGPC sou ''Raagmala'' a == <blockquote>Lekti Guru Granth Sahib konplè a (tanzantan oubyen san rete) ka fini ak lekti Mundawani oubyen Rag Mala a dapre konvansyon tradisyonèlman obsève nan kote ki konsène a. (Piske gen yon diferans opinyon nan Panth la sou sijè sa a, pèsonn pa ta dwe oze ekri oubyen enprime yon kopi Guru Granth Sahib la eksepte Rag Mala a). Apre sa, apre yo fin resite Anand Sahib la, yo ta dwe ofri Ardas ki nan konklizyon lekti a epi distribye pouding sakre a (Karhah Prashad). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_three_chap_five.html|title=Sikh Reht Maryada, the Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209065301/http://sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_three_chap_five.html|archive-date=2013-02-09|access-date=2013-02-01}}</ref></blockquote> == Galri == <gallery> Fichye:Mul_Mantar_and_end_of_Ragamala_from_the_Kartarpur_Bir_(manuscript_or_codex)_of_the_Guru_Granth_Sahib.jpg|alt=Mul Mantar and end of Ragamala from the Kartarpur Bir (circa 29 August 1604; the word "bir" means manuscript or codex) of the Guru Granth Sahib| Mul Mantar ak fen Ragamala ki soti nan ''Kartarpur Bir'' (anviwon 29 Out 1604; mo "bir" la vle di maniskri oswa kodeks) nan Guru Granth Sahib la. Fichye:Page_showing_the_Ratanmala,_Hakikat_Rah_Mukam_Raja_Shiv_Nabh_Ki,_and_Ragamala_from_a_Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscript_attributed_to_Baba_Natha_Singh.jpg|alt=Page showing the Ratanmala, Hakikat Rah Mukam Raja Shiv Nabh Ki, and Ragamala (the first two being unauthenticated compositions, known as kachi bani) from a Guru Granth Sahib manuscript attributed to Baba Natha Singh, pre-1708| Paj ki montre Ratanmala, Hakikat Rah Mukam Raja Shiv Nabh Ki, ak Ragamala (de premye yo te konpozisyon san otantifikasyon, ke yo rekonèt kòm ''kachi bani'' ) ki soti nan yon maniskri Guru Granth Sahib atribiye a Baba Natha Singh, anvan 1708. Fichye:Illuminated_and_illustrated_Sikh_scripture_folio_04.jpg|alt=Sikh Ragamala paintings from the last page of an illustrated Guru Granth Sahib, which carries the last verse of the Ragmala in a tiny circle. The script is in the Paonta Sahib hand, circa 18th century| Penti Sikh Ragamala ki soti nan dènye paj yon Guru Granth Sahib ilistre, ki pote dènye vèsè Ragmala a nan yon ti sèk. Ekriti a ekri nan men Paonta Sahib la, anviwon 18yèm syèk la. </gallery> cpshjopisrt4pasae27dpc6s0su0n6o 0 97412 881073 2026-04-19T18:33:31Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323897399|Bhai Kanhaiya]] » 881073 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Bhai Kanhaiya''' (1648–1718; yo eple l tou kòm '''Bhai Ghanaiya ''' ), ke yo konnen sou non '''Khat Waro Bao''' ak '''Khaatwala Baba''' nan Sindh, pitit gason Mata Sundari ji ak papa Sri Nathu Ram, nan vilaj Saudra nan distri Sialkot kounye a nan Pakistan, sete yon disip Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur e [[Guru Gobind Singh]] te mande l pou l etabli lòd Sewapanthi oswa Addanshahi Sikh yo. Li te konnen pou jan li te konn vide dlo pou tout manm blese yo sou chan batay la, kit yo te Sikh oswa yo t ap goumen kont Sikh yo. Pandan jenès li, li te pase anpil tan tou nan konpayi Nanua Bairagi, ki te fè pati yon fanmi agrikòl Saini epi ki te yon disip ak kamarad twa dènye gourou Sikh yo tou. Nanua Bairagi te yon powèt-mistik renome nan Punjab epi li te kite yon gwo anprent sou pèspektiv espirityèl ak imanitè Bhai Kanhaiya nan ane fòmasyon li yo. == Biyografi == [[Fichye:Fresco_depicting_Bhai_Khanaiya_meeting_Guru_Gobind_Singh_from_Sri_Khat_Wari_Darbar,_Shikarpur,_Sindh.jpg|vignette|Fresko ki montre Bhai Khanaiya rankontre [[Guru Gobind Singh]] soti nan Sri Khat Wari Darbar, Shikarpur, Sindh.]] Bhai Kanhaiya te fèt an 1648 nan kominote Dhamman Khatri nan Sodhara, pitit gason Mata Sundari ji ak papa Sri Nathu Ram toupre Wazirabad nan rejyon Sialkot (kounye a nan Pakistan), epi papa l te yon koutye rich. Li te konnen pou abitid li te bay pòv yo depi li te tou piti. Nan jenès li, Bhai Kanhaiya te fè konesans ak yon nonm yo rele Nauna Bairagi, ki te yon disip Guru Tegh Bahadur. Gras ak lyen sa a, li te rive rankontre Guru a epi li te vin adopte relijyon Sikh la. Li te rete nan kominote a (Sangat) kote li te kontinye sèvi ak devouman. Yo te ba li responsablite pou pote dlo pou Guru a, epi pita li te travay nan langar la (kwizin kominotè), pandan li te okipe tou chwal Guru Sahib yo. Apre lanmò nevyèm Guru a, Guru Gobind Singh te pran plas la, epi Kanhaiya te kontinye swiv li. Nan mwa Me 1704, pandan li te nan Anandpur lè vil la te sibi yon atak pa fòs Rajput ansanm ak alye Mughal yo, yo te souvan wè li ap mache ak yon sak dlo an po kabrit pou bay nenpòt moun ki te swaf dlo. Li te fè sèvis sa a (sewa) ak yon gwo sans devosyon ak konpasyon, san li pa fè diferans ant zanmi ak lènmi. Jès sa a te fache kèk sòlda Sikh sou chan batay la, ki te pote plent bay Guru a. Lè Guru a te mande l eksplikasyon, li te fè remake ke yo te di li bay lènmi yo dlo pou ede yo reprann fòs. Kanhaiya te reponn ke sa te vre, men nan je pa li, pa t gen ni Mughal ni Sikh—li te sèlman wè moun ki te bezwen èd. Sewa li a te enpòtan paske li te depase baryè lagè ak idantite, li te mete aksan sou konpasyon pou tout moun san patipri. Sa montre yon prensip kle nan Sikhism: sèvi limanite antye ak kè sensè, paske tout moun pote menm valè espirityèl. Repons lan te satisfè Guru a. Li te bay Bhai Kanhaiya èd medikal, <ref name=":3" /> epi pita misyon li a te vin konnen kòm Sewa Panthi Sampradaye . === Nan Sindh === Guru a te voye l nan Sindh pou l te ka gaye relijyon Sikh la pami moun nan rejyon an. Nan Sindh, yo konnen l lokalman kòm ''Khat Waro Bao'' oubyen ''Khaatwala Baba'' paske li te konn preche chita sou yon kabann. <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":5" /> <ref name=":6" /> <ref name=":7" /> Khat Wari Darbar nan Shikarpur se yon tanp Sindhi ki dedye a li. <ref name=":4" /> Apre lanmò li, Bhai Sewa Ram te ranplase l kòm chèf sèk Sewapanthi a. Siksesè li a te kontinye preche epi fè pwoselitism Sikh nan Sindh. <ref name=":4" /> == Eritaj == [[Fichye:Bhai_Kanhaiya_1998_stamp_of_India.jpg|vignette|Bhai Kanhaiya sou yon tenm peyi Zend an 1998]] SGPC sou prezidan Pwofesè Kirpal Singh Badungar te selebre anivèsè nesans Bhai Kanhaiya ji pou premye fwa nan dat 20 septanm 2017. Nan kontèks sa a, gouvènman Punjab la sou chèf minis Kapitèn Amrinder Singh te selebre anivèsè nesans li tou nan dat 20 septanm 2017 kòm Manav Sewa Diwas la. 42jn9es6ssa7mtg72ygg50u1nwup6sr 0 97413 881074 2026-04-19T19:12:51Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346692495|Bibi Balwant Kaur]] » 881074 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Bibi Balwant Kaur''' ( Punjabi : ਬਿਬੀ ਬਲਵੰਤ ਕੌਰ, 10 me 1915, nan Soos, Punjab – 21 mas 2009), ke yo rele tou Bibi Balwant Kaur Soor oswa Bibi ji, te fondatris ak prezidan Fondasyon Mata Nanki, ki sitiye nan Rookery Road, Birmingham, li te chèf mouvman Bebe Nanaki ak mouvman Mata Nanaki a. <ref name="Saanj">{{Cite web|url=http://www.saanjhpunjab.org/articles/Sikh_Diaspora_Philanthropy_Chapter_9.pdf|title=Sikh Diaspora Philanthropy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727230258/http://www.saanjhpunjab.org/articles/Sikh_Diaspora_Philanthropy_Chapter_9.pdf|archive-date=27 July 2011|access-date=5 August 2010}}</ref> Nan lane 2000, Bibi Balwant Kaur te genyen MBE ( Manm Lòd ki pi Ekselan nan Anpi Britanik la ) pa [[Elizabeth II|Rèn Elizabèt]] paske travaux l ak kòz charitab yo. <ref name="Saanj">{{Cite web|url=http://www.saanjhpunjab.org/articles/Sikh_Diaspora_Philanthropy_Chapter_9.pdf|title=Sikh Diaspora Philanthropy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727230258/http://www.saanjhpunjab.org/articles/Sikh_Diaspora_Philanthropy_Chapter_9.pdf|archive-date=27 July 2011|access-date=5 August 2010}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110727230258/http://www.saanjhpunjab.org/articles/Sikh_Diaspora_Philanthropy_Chapter_9.pdf "Sikh Diaspora Philanthropy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1: unfit URL]]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hcilondon.org/pr260101.htm|title=PR_260101|date=28 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628070037/http://www.hcilondon.org/pr260101.htm|archive-date=28 June 2010|access-date=9 December 2017}}</ref> Nan lane 2007, li te genyen Pri Alyans Fanm Sikh pou "travay tout lavi li nan sèvis limanite atravè lemond." <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhreview.org/september2007/report.htm|title=The UK Sikh Women's Conference|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718101450/http://www.sikhreview.org/september2007/report.htm|archive-date=18 July 2011|access-date=5 August 2010}}</ref> [[Kategori:Lanmò 2009]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1915]] 6n2p1pw6ternc8egvvdh5nvr2m3e87i 0 97414 881075 2026-04-19T19:21:18Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336513586|Sadhu Singh Hamdard]] » 881075 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Sadhu Singh Hamdard''' (1918–1984) te yon konbatan libète ak jounalis Endyen, li te eksele nan tou de Ourdou ak Punjabi e li te yon powèt inovatè, ki te mete nan non li psedonim 'Hamdard', "pataje ak tout doulè kè yo," "zanmitay anvè tout moun." == Premye lavi kòm konbatan libète == lè li te yon elèv lekòl segondè, li te aktif nan gwoup radikal Chaudhri Sher Jang nan Yug Paltai Dal la, ki te yon pati pou bay yon chanjman radikal nan epòk la. Dal la te fòme an 1939-40 pa Giani Harbans Singh nan Sarhala Khurd nan distri Hoshiarpur . Dal la te sispann egziste apre arestasyon ak ekzekisyon fondatè li, Harbans Singh. Sadhu Singh te rantre nan Komite Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak la pou pran responsablite piblisite li. == Kòm yon jounalis ak Editè an chèf nan Ajit == An 1944, Sadhu Singh Hamdard te antre nan domèn jounalis la. Li te pran chaj kòm editè jounal la, ki pita te vin Daily Ajit, epi li te kenbe wòl sa a jiska 1957. Depi 1955, li te sèvi tou kòm editè an chèf Punjabi Ajit. Lansman Ajit la te pote yon chanjman total nan jounalis Punjabi, li te louvri yon nouvo epòk ki te chaje ak inovasyon ak eksperimantasyon. Anba direksyon li, jounalis nan lang Punjabi a te vin pi devlope epi li te rive nan yon nivo ki pi wo. Non Ajit la ak Sadhu Singh Hamdard te vin prèske menm bagay, paske li te jere jounal la ak anpil devouman. Li te kite yon mak dirab sou jounalis Punjabi: li te entwodui yon nouvo stil ekriti epi li te pote plizyè teknik inovatè. Travay li ak kontribisyon li pou bay jounalis Punjabi yon nouvo fòm ak idantite te resevwa gwo rekonesans. == Pri yo == An 1963, Gouvènman Punjab la te onore l ak tit Shiromani Pattarkar (jounalis ane a). Li te prezidan komite akèy Konferans Editè Jounal Tout Endyen yo ki te fèt nan Jalandhar an 1973. Li te edite tou de magazin mansyèl Tasvir ak Drishtl. Pandan lavi li, Sadhu Singh te konvèti tout pwopriyete ak byen li yo an yon byen piblik pou avansman kilti ak lèt Punjabi yo. Gouvènman Santral la te bay Dr Sadhu Singh Hamdard tit [[Padma Shri]] tou an janvye 1984, men li te abandone onè a pou pwoteste kont aksyon lame a nan zòn Tanp an lò a, Amritsar, an jen 1984. Sadhu Singh Hamdard te mouri yon mwa apre nan Jalandhar nan dat 29 jiyè 1984. == Powèt == Kòm yon powèt, yo sonje Sadhu Hamdard sitou pou popilarize fòm Ghazal la nan lang Punjabi. Koleksyon powèm Punjabi li nan jan an, ki rele ''Ghazal'', te fè l genyen yon premye pri nan men Gouvènman Punjab an 1963. Yon antoloji ekriti an pwoz li yo ki te rasanble anba tit ''Akkhin Ditha Rus'', yon jounal vwayaj sou vizit li nan Larisi Sovyetik an 1967, te genyen tou prim Gouvènman Punjab la an 1972–73. Li te ekri tou kèk woman ki bati otou epizòd ewoyik nan listwa Sikh ansanm ak kèk istwa kout. == Konferans Doktora == Inivèsite Guru Nanak Dev, Amritsar, te ba li doktora a pou tèz li a sou ''"Orijin ak Devlopman Ghazal Punjabi a."'' Li te yon manm nan inivèsite sa a epi li te manm Sendika li a. Li te tou yon manm Komite Konsiltatif Depatman Lang yo ak Komite Konsiltatif pou Laprès Gouvènman Punjab la, epi nan Akademi Lèt Endyen an (1973–1978). Li te tou prezidan Kendri Punjabi Lekhak Sabha pandan 1972-79 epi fondatè-prezidan Bazm-I-Adab (Ourdou). [[Kategori:Lanmò 1984]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1918]] c8pa1iw934px1rexqahrjpc9lqm82x1 0 97415 881076 2026-04-19T19:44:27Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343860705|Maya (religion)]] » 881076 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Maya''''' ( /ˈ m ɑː j ə / ; Devanagari : {{Lang|sa|माया}} ; ; IAST : māyā ), literalman "ilizyon" oswa "majik", {{Sfn|Buswell|Lopez|2013}} {{Sfn|Grimes|1996}} gen plizyè siyifikasyon nan filozofi Endyen yo selon kontèks la. Nan tèks Vedik ki pi resan yo, māyā vle di yon "spektak majik, yon ilizyon kote bagay yo sanble prezan men yo pa sa yo sanble"; <ref name=":0" /> prensip ki montre "Absoli san atribi" kòm gen "atribi". {{Sfn|Grimes|1996}} Māyā vle di tou sa ki "ap chanje toujou e konsa li pa reyèl espirityèlman" (an opozisyon ak yon Absoli ki pa chanje, oswa Brahman ), e pakonsekan "kache vrè karaktè reyalite espirityèl la". Nan lekòl filozofi Endou Advaita Vedanta a, māyā, "aparans", se "fòs pwisan ki kreye ilizyon kosmik ke mond fenomenal la reyèl". Nan lekòl non-dualis sa a, māyā nan nivo endividyèl la parèt kòm mank konesans ( avidyā ) sou vrè Mwen an, ''Atman-Brahman'', ki idantifye tèt li pa erè ak konplèks kò-lespri a ak lyen li yo. <ref name="auto1" /> Nan filozofi boudis, ''māyā'' konsidere kòm youn nan ven faktè mantal oksilyè ki pa bon, epi li fè moun twonpe tèt yo oswa li kache vrè nati ilizyon bagay yo. Nan panteon Endou, yo wè deyès Durga kòm reyalizasyon maya , ansanm ak deyès Lakshmi . Māyā te non manman Gautama Bouda tou. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/tamil/index.html|title=mAyA|website=Sanskrit and Tamil Dictionaries|access-date=2016-08-24}}</ref> == Etimoloji ak terminoloji == ''Māyā'' (Sanskri: {{Lang|sa|माया}} ), yon mo ki gen etimoloji ki pa klè, pwobableman soti nan rasin ''mā'' ki vle di "mezire". Selon Monier Monier-Williams, mo ''māyā'' te gen sans “sajès ak pouvwa ekstraòdinè” nan epòk ki pi ansyen yo, men pandan peryòd Vedik la li te pran siyifikasyon tankou “ilizyon, ireyèl, twonpri, fwod, trik, maji oswa sòsyè”. Sepandan, P. D. Shastri kritike entèpretasyon sa a, li di lis definisyon Monier-Williams bay la twò jeneral e li ka twonpe. Dapre li, yon pi bon fason pou konprann ''māyā'' nan tèks sanskrit ansyen ak medyeval yo se kòm “aparans”, olye de senpleman yon ilizyon. Selon William Mahony, rasin mo a ka ''nonm-'' oubyen "panse", ki vle di wòl imajinasyon nan kreyasyon mond lan. Nan premye itilizasyon Vedik yo, tèm nan vle di, dapre Mahony, "pouvwa bèl bagay ak misterye pou transfòme yon lide an yon reyalite fizik". Franklin Southworth di ki orijin mo a pa sèten, epi lòt rasin posib pou ''māyā'' gen ladan yo ''may- ki'' vle di mistifye, konfonn, anivre, twonpe, ansanm ak ''māy-'' ki vle di "disparèt, pèdi". Jan Gonda konsidere mo a kòm yon mo ki gen rapò ak ''mā'', ki vle di "manman", menm jan ak Tracy Pintchman ak Adrian Snodgrass, ki sèvi kòm yon epitet pou deyès tankou Lakshmi ak Durga . <ref name="jangonda" /> Yo jwenn yon mo menm jan an tou nan Avestan ''māyā'' a ki vle di "pouvwa majik". Maya ka refere a youn oubyen plizyè kalite ilizyon: # Ilizyon pèmanans mond sa a. Tout bagay, tankou selil yo, moun yo ak zetwal yo, swiv pwòp sik lanmò ak renaisans yo. # Ilizyon ke chak moun endepandan de mond lan/ekosistèm nan. Reyalite kòm yon èt vivan se yon aspè Bondye k ap fè eksperyans lòt aspè (èt vivan). Ekosistèm sa a gen ladan l kiltivatè, chofè otobis/tren, boutikè, enjenyè lojisyèl, elatriye ki tout depann youn ak lòt. # Ilizyon ke dezi nou yo, ki toujou ap evolye, ka satisfè. Nou vle yon bagay epi nou santi ke nou pral kontan si dezi sa a reyalize. Men, lè li reyalize, nou vle yon lòt bagay.  == Nan Endouyis == === Literati ===     ==== Upanishad yo ==== [[Fichye:Waterfall.svg|vignette|M. C. Escher paintings such as the Waterfall&nbsp;– redrawn in this sketch&nbsp;– demonstrates the Hindu concept of Maya, states Jeffrey Brodd. The impression of water-world the sketch gives, in reality is not what it seems.]] Upanishads yo prezante linivè a ansanm ak eksperyans imen kòm yon entèraksyon ant Purusha (prensip etènèl, ki pa chanje, konsyans) ak Prakriti (mond materyèl ki tanporè e ki toujou ap chanje). Premye a parèt kòm Atman (nanm oswa pwòp tèt), tandiske dezyèm lan manifeste kòm Maya. Nan ansèyman yo, yo konsidere konesans Atman kòm “vrè konesans” (''Vidya''), pandan ke konesans Maya se “pa vrè konesans” (''Avidya''), ki vle di nesyans oswa mank konpreyansyon pwofon. Dapre Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, jan Ben-Ami Scharfstein entèprete li, Maya se tandans moun genyen pou imajine yon bagay ki pa vrèman egziste—tankou lè yo konfonn nanm nan ak kò a. Pou Upanishad yo, konesans pa limite ak sa nou obsève oswa aprann pa eksperyans dirèk; li gen ladan tou konesans espirityèl. Yon konpreyansyon vrèman konplè mande pou moun rive konprann prensip pwofon ki kache dèyè reyalite yo, epi reyalize esans oswa nati enteryè tout bagay. Hendrick Vroom eksplike, "Yo te tradui tèm ''Maya'' a kòm 'ilizyon,' men li pa konsène ilizyon nòmal. Isit la 'ilizyon' pa vle di ke mond lan pa reyèl epi tou senpleman yon imajinasyon imen. ''Maya'' vle di ke mond lan pa jan li sanble; mond ke yon moun fè eksperyans lan twonpe moun an sa ki konsène vrè nati li." Lynn Foulston deklare, "Mond lan reyèl e ireyèl paske li egziste men li 'pa sa li sanble'." Dapre Wendy Doniger, "pou di ke linivè a se yon ilizyon (māyā) se pa pou di ke li ireyèl; se pou di, okontrè, ke li pa sa li sanble, ke li se yon bagay ki toujou ap kreye. Māyā pa sèlman twonpe moun sou bagay yo panse yo konnen; plis fondamantalman, li limite konesans yo." Māyā pre-egziste epi ko-egziste avèk Brahman&nbsp;– Prensip Siprèm nan, Konsyans. Maya se reyalite pèsevwa, yon reyalite ki pa revele prensip kache yo, vrè reyalite a. Maya se enkonsyan, Atman se konsyan. Maya se literal la, Brahman se ''Upādāna'' figire a.&nbsp;– prensip la, kòz la. <ref name="aegough" /> Maya fèt, chanje, evolye, mouri avèk tan, nan sikonstans, akòz prensip envizib nan lanati, dapre Upanishad yo. Atman-Brahman se yon prensip etènèl, ki pa chanje, envizib, yon konsyans absoli ak resplandan ki pa afekte. Konsèp Maya nan Upanishad yo, dapre Archibald Gough, se "agregasyon endiferan tout posiblite egzistans emanatwa oswa derive, ki te egziste deja ak Brahman", menm jan posibilite pou yon pyebwa nan lavni te egziste deja nan grenn pyebwa a. <ref name="aegough" />   ==== Purana yo ==== [[Fichye:Kamchipuram_4015.jpg|vignette|Markandeya wè Vishnu kòm yon tibebe sou yon fèy fig frans nan delij la.]] Nan teyoloji Puranas ak tradisyon Vaishnavism, yo konsidere ''māyā'' kòm youn nan nèf ''shakti'' (pouvwa) Vishnu yo. Yo souvan asosye māyā ak dòmi; yo dekri li kòm fòs ki kouvri mond lan tankou yon rèv, espesyalman lè Vishnu leve pou detwi mal. Menm jan ak Indra, Vishnu konsidere kòm mèt māyā a, epi fòs sa a sèvi kòm yon kalite vwal sou egzistans li. Bhagavata Purana rakonte istwa saj Markandeya, ki te mande Vishnu pou fè l fè eksperyans māyā li a. Vishnu parèt kòm yon tibebe k ap flote sou yon fèy fig frans nan mitan yon gwo delij kosmik, epi li vale saj la, ki te sèl sivivan an. Andedan vant tibebe a, saj la wè anpil mond, divinite, ak menm pwòp ermitaj li. Lè tibebe a rann li deyò ankò, saj la eseye anbrase li, men tout vizyon yo disparèt. Li reyalize li pa t janm kite ermitaj li—li te jis fè eksperyans ilizyon māyā Vishnu a. Nan menm tradisyon an, yo wè māyā kòm yon pouvwa kreyatif ak mistik ki te souvan rezève pou divinite solè santral la, epi li te asosye tou ak premye fòm solè Vishnu nan etap Aditya yo. Dapre Bhagavata a, nan kontèks rasa-lila a, maya pèmèt disip yo bliye ke Krishna se Bondye, kidonk li pèmèt yon relasyon entim. Maya ki lakòz atachman ak mond lan, pa ni patikilye pou gason ni pou fanm, men nan atraksyon mityèl yo. ==== Tèks Tamil yo ==== Gramè debaz Twazyèm ak Dènye Sangam literature la se Tolkappiyam, ki atribiye a Tolkappiyar. Dapre kèk kritik, yo idantifye li kòm frè Jamadagni, Sthiranadumagni, epi tonton Parashurama. Tolkappiyam itilize yon klasifikasyon sistematik ki enkli yon Prakrit (nan Tamil: ''Pagatham'') Tadbhava ''Mayakkam'', ki lye ak rasin mo ''Maya(m)''. Tèks la dekri kreyasyon an kòm yon kalite melanj oswa koule flou ant eta matyè yo, ki koresponn ak Pancha Bhuta. Konsèp Maya sa a, dapre tradisyon an, soti nan lekòl Agastya, ki konsidere kòm premye grameryen Tamil la epi kòm gourou Tolkappiyar. Nan literati Tamil epòk Sangam lan, ansanm ak kantik Tamil Alvar yo ki pi resan yo, Krishna ak Narayana yo jwenn kòm ''Māyon'' ; avèk lòt non atribiye tankou Mal, Tirumal, Perumal ak Mayavan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.philtar.ac.uk/encyclopedia/hindu/ascetic/mal.html|title=Devotion to Mal (Mayon)|website=www.philtar.ac.uk}}</ref> Nan klasik Tamil yo, Durga refere a fòm feminin mo a, sètadi ''māyol'' ; kote li dote ak enèji kreyatif san limit ak gwo pouvwa Vishnu, e pakonsekan li se ''Vishnu-Maya'' . <ref name="rao" /> Pou Hilko Schomerus, sou-lekòl Endouyis Shaiva Siddhanta a, Maya se yon reyalite epi li vrèman egziste, epi li egziste pou "bay nanm yo ''Bhuvana'' (yon mond), ''Bhoga'' (objè pou jwisans), ''Tanu'' (yon kò) ak ''Karana'' (ògàn)". Diferan lekòl Endouyis yo, patikilyèman sa yo ki baze sou natiralis ( Vaiśeṣika ), rasyonalis ( Samkhya ) oswa ritualis ( Mimamsa ), te kesyone epi deba sou sa ki Maya, ak nesesite pou konprann Maya. Lekòl Vedanta ak Yoga yo te eksplike ke pou yon moun rive nan yon konesans konplè, li nesesè pou l konprann inyorans, dout ak erè, epi tou pou l konprann prensip envizib yo, verite enkorporèl yo ak verite etènèl yo. Nan kesyon konesans pwòp tèt ou, Shankara te deklare nan kòmantè li sou Taittiriya Upanishad, <ref name="adishankaratu" /> yon moun fè fas ak kesyon sa a: "Ki moun k ap eseye konnen, e kijan li rive jwenn Brahman?" Li absid, Shankara deklare, pou pale de yon moun k ap vin tèt li; paske "Ou se Sa" deja. Reyalize epi retire inyorans se yon etap nesesè, e sa ka sèlman soti nan konprann Maya epi gade pi lwen pase li. Bezwen pou konprann Maya ka konpare ak bezwen metaforik pou yon chemen. Dapre Adi Shankara, se sèlman lè destinasyon an byen lwen ke yon moun bezwen montre wout la; li pa gen sans pou yon moun di: “Mwen deja nan vilaj mwen, men mwen bezwen yon chemen pou rive ladan l.” Sa vle di se pa reyalite a ki bezwen chanje, men konfizyon, inyorans ak ilizyon ki dwe disparèt. Lè yon moun rive nan vrè konesans, li pa wè anyen apa de pwòp tèt li; se lè sa a li vin san laperèz e li jwenn yon eta ki estab. Swami Vivekananda esplike nesesite pou konprann Maya nan menm sans sa a: li pa yon bagay pou “kreye” oswa “chèche” deyò, men yon bagay pou konprann epi depase atravè konesans ak realizasyon enteryè.   ==== Lekòl Samkhya ==== Premye travay Samkhya yo, lekòl rasyonalis Endouyis la, pa idantifye oswa mansyone doktrin Maya a dirèkteman. Diskisyon sou teyori Maya a, ki mete l an kesyon, parèt apre teyori a pran teren nan lekòl Endouyis Vedanta a. Kòmantè Vācaspati Miśra sou ''Samkhyakarika'' a, pa egzanp, kesyone doktrin Maya a lè li di "Li pa posib pou di ke nosyon mond fenomenal la ki reyèl la se fo, paske pa gen okenn prèv ki kontredi li". <ref name="nakamura" /> Lekòl Samkhya a te kenbe konsèp dualite Prakrti ak Purusha li a, tou de reyèl ak distenk, ak kèk tèks ki egalize Prakrti kòm Maya ki "pa ilizyon, men reyèl", ak twa Guṇa nan diferan pwopòsyon ki gen eta ekilib chanjan ki defini reyalite yo wè a. An 1885, James Ballantyne te fè yon kòmantè sou aforism Sāṃkhya Sankhya Karika 5.72, ke li te tradui kòm “tout bagay eksepte nati ak nanm pa etènèl”. Dapre entèpretasyon li, tèks la vle di ke lespri a, etè a ak lòt eleman nan eta kòz yo (anvan yo manifeste) fè pati Natirèl la, pa Entèlijans la. Li ajoute tou ke kèk tèks tankou Shvetashvatara Upanishad dekri ilizyon (Maya) kòm yon aspè Natirèl, kote gran Senyè a parèt kòm mèt Maya a epi mond lan ranpli ak pati li. Nan lojik sa a, ni nanm ni nati yo pa konsidere kòm totalman etènèl paske yo gen eleman ki konpoze yo. Sepandan, Ballantyne rekonèt ke lòt entèprèt pa dakò ak tradiksyon sa a. Pa egzanp, Edward Gough tradui menm pasaj la yon fason diferan: li di ke saj la dwe konprann Prakriti kòm Maya, epi Mahesvara kòm mèt Maya (Mayin). Nan vizyon sa a, tout mond ki toujou ap chanje a ranpli ak manifestasyon li. Nan kontinyasyon tradisyon Sāṃkhya ak Upanishad yo, filozofi Bhagavata tradition dekri Maya kòm sa ki fè bagay parèt menm lè pa gen reyalite solid dèyè yo—tankou aparans ajan nan yon kokiy. Li pa vizib nan Atman, epi li konsidere kòm fòs ki responsab kreyasyon, prezèvasyon ak destriksyon linivè a. ==== Lekòl Nyaya ==== Lekòl Endouyis Nyaya a, ki baze sou réalisme, te nye ke ni mond lan (Prakrti) ni nanm nan (Purusa) se yon ilizyon. Naiyayikas yo te devlope teyori sou ilizyon, tipikman lè l sèvi avèk tèm ''Mithya'', epi yo te deklare ke ilizyon se tou senpleman yon koyisyon ki defektye, yon koyisyon enkonplè oswa absans koyisyon. Pa gen okenn twonpri nan reyalite Prakrti oswa ''Pradhana'' (prensip kreyatif matyè/nati) oswa Purusa, sèlman konfizyon oswa mank konpreyansyon oswa mank efò koyitif, dapre entelektyèl Nyaya yo. Pou yo, ilizyon gen yon kòz, ke règ rezon ak ''Pramanas'' apwopriye (epistemoloji) ka dekouvri. <ref name="stephenphillipsnyaya" /> Ilizyon, dapre Naiyayikas, enplike pwojeksyon nan koyisyon aktyèl kontni ki baze sou memwa (yon fòm prese pou entèprete, jije, konkli). "Ilizyon pwojeksyon" sa a pa plase, epi li estereyotipe yon bagay kòm sa li pa ye. Aprantisaj sou teyori ilizyon ki soti nan entelektyèl Nyaya yo te pita adopte epi aplike pa entelektyèl Advaita Vedanta. ==== Lekòl yoga ==== Nan lekòl Yoga, Maya konprann kòm mond manifeste a, ki pote yon dimansyon fòs divin ladan li. Dapre Heinrich Zimmer, Yoga ak Maya se tankou de bò menm reyalite a: sa k ap parèt kòm Maya pou èt vivan yo, se Yoga pou Brahman, prensip inivèsèl la, ki itilize pèfeksyon yogik li pou manifeste linivè a. Nan pèspektiv sa a, Maya pa wè kòm senp ilizyon oswa refi reyalite. Okontrè, li se yon aspè dinamik nan egzistans. Yoga, nan sans sa a, vin yon mwayen pou disipline epi rafine lespri ak kò, pou pèmèt yon transfòmasyon nan fason Maya manifeste. Se pa pou chape anba mond lan, men pou konprann epi metrize fason li fonksyone. Konsèp Yoga kòm pouvwa pou kreye Maya te adopte kòm yon mo konpoze ''Yogamaya'' (योगमाया) pa lekòl teyistik Endouyis yo. Li parèt nan divès mitoloji Purana yo; pa egzanp, Shiva itilize ''yogamāyā'' li a pou transfòme kè Markendeya nan chapit 12.10 Bhagavata Purana a, pandan Krishna konseye Arjuna sou ''yogamāyā'' nan kantik 7.25 Bhagavad Gita a. ==== Lekòl Vedanta yo ==== Maya se yon konsèp enpòtan epi yo souvan refere li nan filozofi Vedanta yo. Li se yon konsèp konplèks nan filozofi Vedanta, epi entèpretasyon li varye selon diferan lekòl Vedanta yo. ===== Dvaita ===== Vishishtadvaita Vedanta gen yon konsèp ki sanble ak Maya, yo rele ''Prakriti'', epi nati ak wòl li nan filozofi a diferan anpil de konsèp Maya a. ''Prakriti'' konsidere kòm reyèl epi li entegral nan pwosesis kreyatif linivè a nan kad Vishishtadvaita a. Nan Dvaita Vedanta, Maya konsidere kòm pouvwa oswa enèji Bondye. Pandan ke Advaita konsidere mond lan kòm yon manifestasyon Maya e konsa ilizyon, Dvaita wè mond lan kòm reyèl e yon kreyasyon Bondye ( Vishnu ). Pèspektiv chak lekòl sou Maya enfliyanse konpreyansyon yo sou nati reyalite a ak chemen liberasyon an. Kontrèman ak lekòl Vishishtadvaita ak Advaita yo, lekòl Dvaita a pa atribiye diferans ki genyen ant Bondye, nanm yo ak linivè a bay maya. ===== Advaita ===== Nan filozofi Advaita Vedanta, yo fè distenksyon ant de nivo reyalite: ''Vyavaharika'', ki se reyalite anpirik nou fè eksperyans chak jou, epi ''Paramarthika'', ki se reyalite absoli oswa espirityèl la. Nan nivo anpirik la, Maya se sa ki fè konsyans la sanble mele ak mond materyèl la. Li gen pouvwa pou kreye yon sans separasyon ak esklavaj nan eksperyans imen an, e konsa li kache verite dènye a—inite ant “pwòp tèt” ak Brahman, lespri kosmik la. Teyori Maya sa a te devlope pi sistematikman nan Advaita Vedanta pa Adi Shankara nan 9yèm syèk la. Sepandan, filozòf Dvaita yo ki te nan opozisyon ak li te kritike entèpretasyon sa a, yo di Shankara pa t byen eksplike kijan Brahman ak Maya konekte. Yon filozòf Advaita pita, Prakasatman, te eseye klere pwen sa a. Li te eksplike ke Maya ak Brahman ansanm fòme tout linivè a, menm jan de fil diferan ki mele pou fòme yon twal. Nan vizyon sa a, Maya reprezante aparans mond lan, pandan ke Brahman se fondasyon oswa kòz ki soutni tout manifestasyon sa a. Vivekananda te di ke di mond lan se maya pa vle di ke li se yon ilizyon, oubyen pa gen okenn mond ekstèn. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ramakrishnavivekananda.info/vivekananda/volume_2/jnana-yoga/maya_and_illusion.htm|title=Maya and illusion|website=www.ramakrishnavivekananda.info}}</ref> Māyā se yon reyalite paske li se aparans fenomèn yo. Piske Brahman se sèl verite metafizik la, Māyā se vre nan sans epistemolojik ak anpirik; sepandan, Māyā se pa verite metafizik ak espirityèl la. Verite espirityèl la se verite pou tout tan, alòske sa ki verite anpirik la se sèlman vre pou kounye a. Piske Māyā se mond materyèl la nou wè a, li vre nan kontèks pèsepsyon, men li "pa vre" nan kontèks espirityèl Brahman an. Māyā pa fo, li sèlman bouche Mwen enteryè a ak prensip ki reyèl yo. Vrè Reyalite a gen ladan l tou de ''Vyavaharika'' (anpirik) ak ''Paramarthika'' (espirityèl), Māyā a ak Brahman an. Objektif iluminasyon espirityèl la, dapre Advaitins, se reyalize Brahman, reyalize Inite san pè a, resplandan an. ==== Tantra ==== Devou tantrik yo pa konsidere nèt ale nan maya kòm soufrans. Lefèt ke yon devou pafè viv nan mond lan pa lakòz soufrans paske yo fè eksperyans divin nan tout aspè lavi a. ==== Entèpretasyon oksidantal ==== Konpozitè angle Gustav Holst te pase plizyè ane ap etidye literati sanskrit, epi li te adapte kèk nan tèks li yo pou mizik li. Li te eksplore konsèp maya a nan opera chanm li a, ''Sāvitri'' . == Boudism == Māyā (Sanskrit; Tibetan wyl.: ''sgyu'' ) se yon tèm [[Boudis]] tradui kòm "pretansyon" oswa "twonpri" ke yo idantifye kòm youn nan ven faktè mantal malsen oksilyè nan ansèyman Mahayana Abhidharma yo. Nan kontèks sa a, li defini kòm fè semblant montre oswa pretann gen yon bon kalite ke yon moun pa genyen. Premye tèks Boudis yo gen kèk referans sou ilizyon, pi byen koni an se ''Pheṇapiṇḍūpama Sutta'' nan Pali (epi avèk yon paralèl Agama Chinwa nan SĀ 265) ki deklare:<blockquote>Mwàn, sipoze yon majisyen (māyākāro) oubyen yon apranti majisyen (māyākārantevāsī) ta montre yon ilizyon majik (māyaṃ) nan yon kafou. Yon nonm ki gen bon je ta enspekte l, reflechi, epi mennen ankèt sou li ak anpil atansyon, epi li ta parèt devan li kòm vid (rittaka), vid (tucchaka), san nwayo (asāraka). Paske ki nwayo (sāro) ki ta ka genyen nan yon ilizyon majik (māyāya)? Se konsa tou, mwàn, kèlkeswa kalite koyisyon ki genyen, kit se pase, nan lavni, oswa prezan, entèn oswa ekstèn, brit oswa sibtil, enferyè oswa siperyè, byen lwen oswa pre: yon mwàn enspekte l, reflechi sou li, epi mennen ankèt sou li ak anpil atansyon, epi li ta parèt devan li kòm vid (rittaka), vid (tucchaka), san nwayo (asāraka). Paske ki nwayo (sāro) ki ta ka genyen nan yon koyisyon? </blockquote>Youn soutra nan koleksyon Āgama a ke yo rekonèt kòm "Mahāsūtras" nan tradisyon (Mūla)Sarvāstivādin nan ki rele ''Māyājāla'' (Rezo Ilizyon an) trete espesyalman tèm Maya a. Soutra sa a sèlman siviv nan tradiksyon Tibeten an epi li konpare senk agregasyon yo ak plis metafò pou ilizyon, tankou: yon eko, yon refleksyon nan yon glas, yon miraj, plezi sansoryèl nan yon rèv ak yon moun fou kap mache san rad. Tèks sa yo bay enpresyon ke māyā refere a nati ensiyistansyèl ak san esans bagay yo, ansanm ak karaktè twonpè, fo ak vanite yo. Salistamba Sutra mete gwo anfaz sou lide ilizyon an, li dekri tout ''dharma'' yo kòm bagay ki san solidite, tankou yo “san nwayo”, “vid” e yo parèt sèlman tankou aparans pasajè. Nan menm liy panse a, Mahavastu, yon tèks ki soti nan tradisyon Mahāsāṃghika la e ki rakonte lavi Gautama Buddha, prezante tout konpozan egzistans yo kòm bagay ki trè pasajè. Li konpare yo ak yon zèklè, yon bul dlo, oswa kim blan ki chita sou sifas yon vag, tout bagay ki parèt pou yon moman epi ki disparèt rapidman. "Pou sa nou pa ka wè, santi, pran sant, touche, oswa konprann, nou pa kwè. Poutèt sa, nou se jis moun sòt k ap mache sou teren ki gen gwo potansyèl san nou pa konprann sa ki ye a." Sitasyon mwàn Boudis <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=m%C4%81y%C4%81+site:srigranth.org&hl=en&start=10|title=māyā site:srigranth.org - Google Search|website=www.google.com}}</ref> === Theravada === <blockquote>Kognisyon se tankou yon ilizyon majik (māyā) nan sans ke li pa gen sibstans epi ou pa ka konprann li. Kognisyon pi pasajè ak efemè pase yon ilizyon majik. Paske li bay enpresyon ke yon moun vini epi li ale, kanpe epi chita, ak menm lespri a, men lespri a diferan nan chak aktivite sa yo. Kognisyon twonpe foul moun yo tankou yon ilizyon majik (māyā). </blockquote>Menm jan an tou, Bhikkhu Katukurunde Nyanananda Thera te ekri yon ekspozisyon sou ''Kàlakàràma Sutta'' a ki prezante imaj yon ilizyon majik kòm metafò santral li. == Jainism == ''Maya'', nan Jainism, vle di aparans oswa twonpri ki anpeche yon moun rive nan ''Samyaktva'' (bon kwayans). Maya se youn nan twa kòz echèk pou rive nan bon kwayans. De lòt yo se ''Mithyatva'' (fo kwayans) ak ''Nidana'' (anvi pou renome ak plezi mond lan). ''Maya'' se yon konsèp ki gen rapò ak ''Mithyatva'', kote Maya se yon sous enfòmasyon ki pa kòrèk alòske Mithyatva se atitid yon moun anvè konesans, avèk yon sipèpoze relasyonèl. Śvetāmbara Jainism klase fo kwayans yo anba kategori Mithyatva an senk kalite diferan. Premye a se ''Abhigrahika'', ki se yon fo kwayans limite a pwòp ekriti yon moun, kote moun nan defann sa li kwè deja men refize etidye oswa analize lòt sous. Dezyèm nan, ''Anabhigrahika'', se yon fo kwayans ki fè moun bay tout dye, pwofesè ak ekriti menm nivo respè san yo pa fè distenksyon kritik. Twazyèm nan, ''Abhiniviseka'', soti nan prejije ak mank jijman, kote moun nan refize reflechi oswa chanje pozisyon li. Katriyèm nan, ''Samsayika'', se yon eta dout oswa ezitasyon ant kwayans ki kontradiktwa, san yon desizyon klè. Finalman, ''Anabhogika'' se yon fo kwayans natirèl oswa otomatik, ki egziste san moun nan pa menm reflechi sou li oswa egzaminen li konsyansman. Jain Digambara yo klase kategori fo kwayans anba ''Mithyatva'' an sèt: ''Ekantika'' (fo kwayans absoli, yon sèl bò), ''Samsayika'' (ensètitid, dout si yon kou bon oswa mal, kwayans enstab, eseptisism), ''Vainayika'' (fo kwayans ke tout dye, gourou ak ekriti yo sanble, san egzamen kritik), ''Grhita'' (fo kwayans ki sòti sèlman nan abitid oswa defo, san oto-analiz), ''Viparita'' (fo kwayans ke vre se fo, fo se vre, tout bagay relatif oswa akseptab), ''Naisargika'' (fo kwayans ke tout èt vivan yo pa gen konsyans epi yo pa ka distenge byen ak mal), ''Mudha-drsti'' (fo kwayans ke vyolans ak kòlè ka sal oswa domaje panse, divin, gourou oswa dharma ). ''Māyā'' (twonpri) konsidere tou kòm youn nan kat ''Kaṣaya'' (pasyon ki defektye, yon deklanchè pou aksyon) nan filozofi Jain. Twa lòt yo se ''Krodha'' (kòlè), ''Māna'' (ògèy) ak ''Lobha'' (avidite). Ansyen tèks Jain yo rekòmande pou yon moun metrize kat defo sa yo, paske yo se sous esklavaj, atachman ak pasyon ki pa espirityèl. == Sikhi == [[Fichye:Khanda_Orange.jpg|vignette|Sikhi]] Nan Sikhis, yo konsidere [[Lemonn|mond]] lan kòm yon bagay ki pasajè e relativman [[Reyalite|reyèl]] . Yo wè Bondye kòm sèl reyalite a, men nan Bondye egziste tou de [[nanm]] konsyan ak objè ki pa konsyan ; objè sa yo ki kreye yo reyèl tou. <ref name="Kohli" /> Fenomèn [[Lanati|natirèl]] yo reyèl men efè yo pwodui yo ireyèl. māyā se paske evènman yo reyèl men māyā ( Gurmukhi : ਮਾਇਆ) pa reyèl paske efè yo ireyèl. Sikhism kwè ke moun yo bloke nan mond lan akòz senk vis: [[Kaam|lanvi]], [[Krodh|kòlè]], avidite, atachman, ak ego . Maya pèmèt senk vis sa yo epi fè yon moun panse mond fizik la "reyèl," tandiske objektif Sikhism se debarase tèt li de yo. Konsidere egzanp sa a: Nan yon nuit san lalin, yon [[kòd]] ki kouche atè a ka konfonn ak yon [[koulèv]] . Nou konnen se kòd la sèlman ki reyèl, se pa koulèv la. Sepandan, lè nou pa wè kòd la, sa bay fo pèsepsyon koulèv la. Yon fwa fènwa a retire, se kòd la sèlman ki rete; koulèv la disparèt. Nan kèk mitoloji, [[senbòl]] sèpan an te asosye avèk [[lajan]], epi māyā nan lang Punjabi modèn nan refere a lajan. Sepandan, nan Guru Granth Sahib la, māyā refere a "gwo ilizyon" materyalis la. Se nan māyā sa a tout lòt [[Mal (adjektif)|mal]] yo fèt, men lè yon moun konprann nati māyā a, li kòmanse pwoche bò kote [[espirityalite]] . * ''Janam baritha jāṯ song mā▫i▫ā kai. ||1|| rahā▫o.''<br /><br /><br /><br /> W'ap gaspiye lavi sa a initilman nan lanmou pou māyā.<br /><br /><br /><br /> Sri Guru Granth Sahib M.5 Guru Arjan Dev ANG 12 * ''Mā▫i▫ā mohi visāri▫ā jagaṯ piṯā parṯipāl.''<br /><br /><br /><br /> Nan atachman yo pou māyā, yo bliye Papa a, Moun ki renmen mond lan.<br /><br /><br /><br /> Sri Guru Granth Sahib M3 Guru Amar Das ANG 30 * ''Ih sarīr mā▫i▫ā kā puṯlā vicẖ ha▫umai ḏustī pā▫ī.''<br /><br /><br /><br /> Kò sa a se yon marionèt māyā. Mal egoyis la anndan l.<br /><br /><br /><br /> Sri Guru Granth Sahib M3 Guru Amar Das * ''Bābā mā▫i▫ā bẖaram bẖulā▫e.''<br /><br /><br /><br /> O Baba, māyā twonpe ak ilizyon li yo.<br /><br /><br /><br /> Sri Guru Granth Sahib M1 Guru Nanak Dev ANG 60 gelkhl2nnpmo4imapyynp1o3okhugnt 0 97416 881078 2026-04-19T19:55:50Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346441709|Guru Gaddi]] » 881078 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Guru Gaddi''' ( Punjabi : ਗੁਰੂ ਗੱਦੀ), ake yo ka altènativman eple kòm '''Gurgadi''', '''Gurgadhi''', oswa '''Gurgaddi''', vle di "chèz gourou a". == Istwa == Seremoni Gurgadi a, ki te pase de yon gourou Sikh pou yon lòt, te yon seremoni ki te bay nouvo gourou a tit nivo gourou a. Li te gen ladan l yon kokoye ak senk paise . Guru Gobind Singh te mete fen nan liyaj gourou vivan yo ( ''dehdhari'' ) lè li te pwoklame tit gourou Guru Granth Sahib la pou tout tan yon ti tan anvan lanmò li nan dat 6 oktòb 1708 nan Nanded nan Deccan. <ref name=":0" /> == Selebrasyon == '''Guru-ta-Gaddi''' se yon evènman relijye Sikh enpòtan ki fèt chak 3 novanm. Evènman an onore lè dizyèm e dènye Guru Sikh la te di ke 'pwochen Guru a t ap Liv Sakre Sikh la' Guru Granth Sahib . [[Guru Gobind Singh]] te deklare ke Guru Granth Sahib apati moman sa a t ap sèl Guru a oswa Fòs Gid la. Mesaj la te delivre nan dat 3 novanm 1708 pa [[Guru Gobind Singh]] nan Nanded, ki kounye a nan eta Maharashtra nan [[End|peyi Zend]] . [[Guru Gobind Singh]] Ji te etabli Khalsa epi li te bay Guru Granth Sahib estati Guru a e li te leve l alo li ta se Guru etènèl la. Evènman an komemore siksesyon Guru Gobind Singh an 1708 nan Nanded, kote otorite espirityèl la te pase ofisyèlman bay Guru Granth Sahib la. Okazyon sa a selebre nan tradisyon Sikh kòm Guru-da-Gaddi epi li make atravè priyè, souvni, ak rasanbleman devosyonèl, patikilyèman nan Nanded. Nan listwa ak pratik Sikh, evènman an tou selebre ansanm ak komemorasyon pi laj sou etablisman Khalsa a pa Guru Gobind Singh an 1699. Gen kèk kominote ki ka konekte souvni an ak festival sezonye tankou Diwali akòz kalandriye kiltirèl ki sipèpoze, byenke siyifikasyon istorik Guru-da-Gaddi a rete endepandan de asosyasyon sa a. == Galri == <gallery> Fichye:'Baba_Nanak_and_Nirankara_(formless_reality,_Waheguru,_or_the_Supreme_God)',_Janamsakhi_painting_from_a_Kashmiri_manuscript.jpg|alt=Baba Nanak in the court of God and receiving instructions on his divine mission and the Guruship, early 19th century Janamsakhi painting from Kashmir| [[Guru Nanak|Baba Nanak]] nan lakou Bondye a epi k ap resevwa enstriksyon sou misyon diven li ak Guruship la, penti Janamsakhi nan kòmansman 19yèm syèk la ki soti Kachmir. Fichye:Gurdwara_Baba_Atal_fresco_47.jpg|alt=Gurgadi ceremony of Guru Angad| Gurgadi seremoni Guru Angad Fichye:Fresco_of_the_Gurgaddi_ceremony_of_Bhai_Lehna,_who_would_become_Guru_Angad,_from_Gurdwara_Baba_Atal,_Amritsar.jpg|alt=Another depiction of the Gurgadi ceremony of Guru Angad| Yon lòt ilistrasyon seremoni Gurgadi Guru Angad la Fichye:Gilded_panel_from_the_doors_offered_to_the_Golden_Temple_by_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh._This_shows_the_gurgaddi_(guruship)_ceremony_of_Guru_Amar_Das_being_performed_by_Baba_Budha,_under_the_command_of_Guru_Angad.jpg|alt=Gurgadi ceremony of Guru Amar Das| Gurgadi seremoni Guru Amar Das Fichye:22_Missionaries_established_by_Guru_Amardas.jpg|alt=Gurgadi ceremony of Guru Ram Das| Gurgadi seremoni Guru Ram Das Fichye:Fresco_of_Baba_Buddha_crowning_the_fifth_guru.jpg|alt=Gurgadi ceremony of Guru Arjan| Gurgadi seremoni Guru Arjan Fichye:Gurgadi_ceremony_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh.jpg|alt=Gurgadi ceremony of Guru Gobind Singh| Gurgadi seremoni [[Guru Gobind Singh]] </gallery> o6979p37f4uinowe0hs9lkq9hezniyi 0 97417 881079 2026-04-19T20:07:41Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349414915|Pritam Das (Udasi)]] » 881079 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:Detail_of_Baba_Pritam_Das_Udasi_from_a_painting_of_the_ten_Sikh_gurus,_with_Baba_Pritam_Das,_Chandu_Lal,_and_Nanak_Ram_from_Hyderabad,_circa_1780.jpg|vignette|Baba Pritam Das Udasi, detay ki soti nan yon penti Hyderabadi, ca.1780]] '''Pritam Das''' (1722 oubyen 1752 – 1831) te yon sen ak yon mahant Udasi . Li te fè pwojè konstriksyon pou sipòte enfrastrikti relijye epi li te fonde ''akharas'' . Disip Pritam Das yo ke yo rekonèt kòm ''Nanga Udasis'' . == Biyografi == Pritam Das, ki te fèt sou non Karam Chand nan yon fanmi Saraswat Brahmin swa an 1722 oswa 1752 nan zòn ki jodi a se distri Hoshiarpur, te resevwa yon edikasyon debaz nan lang Ourdou. Lè li te gen anviwon onz an, li te kòmanse vwayaje ansanm ak sadhus yo. Pandan peryòd sa a, li te rankontre Sangat Das, yon figi nan tradisyon Udasi a, ki te inisye l kòm disip li epi ba li nouvo non Pritam Das. Apre sa, pandan pelerinaj li atravè nò peyi Zend, li te vin disip Bankhandi, yon entelektyèl ak predikatè nan tradisyon Mihanshahi Udasi, ki te onore l ak tit ''nirban'' (sa vle di “san dezi”). Pita, li te vwayaje nan rejyon Deccan nan sid peyi Zend, kote li te rankontre Nanak Chand, tonton Diwan Chandu Lal nan Hyderabad. Nanak Chand te bay Pritam Das yon don konsiderab ki te monte anviwon 700,000 roupi. Li te itilize resous sa yo pou tabli yon sant òganizasyon santral pou Udasi yo nan Allahabad an 1779, ki te vin konnen kòm Panchayati Akhara. Objektif enstitisyon sa a te sipòte selebrasyon gurpurab yo epi bay lojman ak asistans pou relijye ki t ap vwayaje oswa vizite tanp yo. Anplis sa, li te ede etabli lòt akhara nan Kankhal (Haridwar) ak Kashi (Varanasi), ki te vin sant enpòtan pou pratik ak ansèyman Udasi a. Ant 1781 ak 1784, li te konstwi, ansanm ak yon lòt Udasi yo te rele [[Santokh Das]], yon ''hansli'' (kanal) ki konekte kanal irigasyon Shahi Nahar la ak ''sarovar'' Amritsar yo pou ba yo yon sous dlo kontinyèl. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://eos.learnpunjabi.org/SANTOKH%20DAS.html|title=SANTOKH DĀS|last=Amole|first=Sarmukh Singh|website=Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Online Edition)|publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala|access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://eos.learnpunjabi.org/PRITAM%20DAS%20MAHANT%20(1752-1831).html|title=PRĪTAM DĀS, MAHANT|last=Amole|first=Sarmukh Singh|website=Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Online Edition)|publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala|access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref> An 1783, Pritam Das ak Santokh Das te pote yon moso yon gwo pyebwa ''sāl'' soti Dera Ram Rai (kounye a Dehradun ) ke yo te itilize kòm materyèl pou konstwi yon ma drapo ke yo te enstale yon Nishan Sahib sou li, epi ma drapo a te kanpe devan yon bunga ki te egziste deja toupre Akal Takht la, epi bunga a te vin gen non ''Jhanda Bunga'' kòm rezilta. [[Fichye:Photograph_titled_'A_Temple_in_Amritsar'_taken_in_1859_by_Felice_Beato._Identified_as_the_original_Udasi_shrine_of_the_Sangalwala_Akhara_in_Amritsar.jpg|vignette|Foto ki gen tit 'Yon Tanp nan Amritsar' te pran an 1859 pa Felice Beato. Idantifye kòm tanp Udasi orijinal Sangalwala Akhara nan Amritsar.]] Nan Bazaar Mai Sevan, Amritsar, li te etabli Sanglan Wala Akhara an 1788 (gen kèk sous ki di li te etabli pi bonè an 1781 avèk non orijinal ''Nirban Akhara'' <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://eos.learnpunjabi.org/PRITAM%20DAS%20MAHANT%20(1752-1831).html|title=PRĪTAM DĀS, MAHANT|last=Amole|first=Sarmukh Singh|website=Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Online Edition)|publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala|access-date=11 April 2026}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAmole">Amole, Sarmukh Singh. [https://eos.learnpunjabi.org/PRITAM%20DAS%20MAHANT%20(1752-1831).html "PRĪTAM DĀS, MAHANT"]. ''Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Online Edition)''. Punjabi University, Patiala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> ), ki gen ladan yon tanp entèn ladan l. Pandan Haridwar Kumbh Mela 1819 la, kèk Bairagis te pwoteste epi atake Udasis yo paske yo te gen yon pwosesyon avèk Guru Granth Sahib la, kidonk Pritam Das te pote plent bay chèf Sikh yo, ki te reprimande Bairagis yo. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://eos.learnpunjabi.org/PRITAM%20DAS%20MAHANT%20(1752-1831).html|title=PRĪTAM DĀS, MAHANT|last=Amole|first=Sarmukh Singh|website=Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Online Edition)|publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala|access-date=11 April 2026}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAmole">Amole, Sarmukh Singh. [https://eos.learnpunjabi.org/PRITAM%20DAS%20MAHANT%20(1752-1831).html "PRĪTAM DĀS, MAHANT"]. ''Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Online Edition)''. Punjabi University, Patiala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Pritam Das te mouri nan Amritsar an 1831. <ref name=":1" /> Disip Pirtam Das yo konnen kòm ''Nanga Udasis'' . Yo mete yon ''kara'' (braslè) ak yon chenn nan ren yo konnen kòm yon ''janjiri'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.esamskriti.com/e/History/Indian-History/The-UDASI-Tradition-1.aspx|title=The Udasi Tradition|last=Kapoor|first=Satish K.|date=7 November 2020|website=eSamskirit|access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref> == Referans == <references /> [[Kategori:Lanmò 1831]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan XVIIIe syèk]] q0sso4vc22i2uq1hg5y6i5lcflcflmd 0 97418 881080 2026-04-19T20:18:15Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337480796|Sodhi]] » 881080 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sodhi''' se yon klan Khatris ki te istorikman viv nan lès ak lwès Punjab . Gen kèk gourou Sikh remakab, soti nan Guru Ram Das rive nan Guru Gobind Singh, ki te soti nan klan Sodhi a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sikhism/Guru-Angad#ref288716|title=Sikism - Guru Ram Das|date=13 May 2021|website=Britannica}}</ref> == Orijin == Selon yon lejann, kèk nan desandan yo te imigre nan Sanaudh kote chèf klan an te marye ak pitit fi wa a epi li te fè yon pitit gason yo te rele [[Sodhi Rai|Sodhi Rai,]] desandan li yo te dirije [[Sanaudh|rejyon Sanaudh]] la, ke yo konnen kounye a kòm lès ak lwès Punjab ak Haryana, ansanm ak kèk pati nan Himachal Pradesh nan nò peyi Zend. Sodhis Anandpur yo te posede tè ki pa t gen revni nan Anandpur Sahib ak plizyè lòt pati nan Punjab . Yo te fanmi ki te dirije Anandpur Sahib la. == Istwa == Pandan peryòd Sikh Empire la, Maharaja Ranjit Singh te bay sibvansyon ak jagir (tè ki bay revni) bay fanmi Sodhi yo, ki pa t limite tèt yo a yon sèl tradisyon relijye e ki te souvan kenbe yon fòs kavalye enpòtan. Nan fen rèy li a, total valè jagir sa yo te rive anviwon ₹500,000 pa ane. Ranjit Singh te montre tou enterè espesyal nan Sodhi Sadhu Singh, yon desandan Dhir Mahal, lè li te bay li plizyè vilaj kòm kado. Dapre rapò istorik yo, youn nan kopi orijinal Adi Granth, ki rele tou Kartarpuri Bir, te konsève pa desandan Sodhi Sadhu Singh yo nan Kartarpur. == Moun remakab == === Pèsonaj istorik yo === * Guru Ram Das (fèt Jetha Mal Sodhi, 1534–1581), Sen Punjabi ak katriyèm Guru Sikh. * Mata Ganga (ki te mouri nan lane 1621), yon figi istorik Sikh epi madanm Guru Ram Das. * Prithi Chand (1558–1618), sen Punjabi ak fondatè sèk Mina a, pi gran pitit gason Guru Ram Das * Guru Arjan (1563–1606), Sen Punjabi ak senkyèm Sikh Guru, pi piti pitit gason Guru Ram Das. * Guru Hargobind (1595–1644), Sen Punjabi ak sizyèm Sikh Guru, pitit gason Guru Arjan. * Mata Nanaki (1598–1678), yon figi istorik Sikh ak madanm Guru Hargobind * Baba Gurditta (fèt Gurditta Sodhi, 1613–1638), Punjabi Udasi saint ak pi gran pitit gason Guru Hargobind. * Mata Nihal Kaur (mouri 1644), madanm Baba Gurditta ak manman Guru Har Rai. * Guru Har Rai (1630–1661), Sen Punjabi ak setyèm Sikh Guru * Ram Rai (1645–1687), Sen Punjabi ak fondatè sektè Ramraiya a, pi gran pitit gason Guru Har Rai. * Guru Har Krishan (fèt Kishan Das Sodhi, 1656–1664), Sen Punjabi ak wityèm Sikh Guru, pi piti pitit gason Guru Har Rai. * Guru Tegh Bahadur (fèt Tyag Mal Sodhi, 1621–1675), Sen Punjabi ak nevyèm Sikh Guru, dezyèm pi piti pitit gason Guru Hargobind. * [[Guru Gobind Singh]] (fèt Gobind Das Sodhi, 1666–1708), Sen Punjabi, dizyèm ak dènye Sikh Guru, pitit gason Guru Tegh Bahadur. * Ajit Singh (1687–1704), mati Sikh ak premye pitit gason Guru Gobind Singh * Jujhar Singh (1691–1704), mati Sikh ak dezyèm pitit gason Guru Gobind Singh * Zorawar Singh (1696–1704), mati Sikh ak twazyèm pitit gason Guru Gobind Singh * Fateh Singh (1699–1704), mati Sikh ak katriyèm pitit gason Guru Gobind Singh * Baba Darbara Singh (1644–1734), lidè relijye ak militè Sikh, ki te deklare li se desandan Guru Hargobind * Vadbhag Singh Sodhi (1716–1761), jeneral Sikh ak figi relijye === Moun modèn yo === * Amandeep Sodhi (fèt an 2001), politisyen Kanadyen * Ashok Sodhi (1963–2008), fotojounalis Endyen * Daya Singh Sodhi (1925–2011), politisyen Endyen * Dolly Guleria (fèt Rupinder Kaur Sodhi an 1949), chantè Ameriken Punjabi. * Harbans Singh (1921–1998), yon entelektyèl, edikatè ak istoryen Sikh Endyen. * Harvinder Sodhi (fèt 1971), Ameriken krikèt * HS Sodhi (1938–2024), kolonèl endyen, atlèt polo ak ekèstr * Ish Sodhi (fèt an 1992), jwè krikèt Nouvèl Zelann * Ishmeet Singh Sodhi (1988–2008), chantè Endyen * Ishmeet Singh Sodhi (1988–2008), chantè Endyen * Manku Ram Sodhi (1934–2017), politisyen Endyen * Manreet Sodhi Someshwar, otè Endyen * Mansher Singh (ki fèt an 1965), tireur espòtif Endyen * Nauvdip Kumar Sodhi (1943–2021), jij Endyen * Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh, yon entelektyèl relijye Endyen-Ameriken * Prakash Kaur (1919–1982), chantè Endyen Punjabi * Rana Gurmit Singh Sodhi (fèt 1954), politisyen Endyen * Reetinder Singh Sodhi (ki fèt an 1980), jwè krikèt Endyen * Ronjan Sodhi (fèt 1979), Ameriken tirè espò * RS Sodhi (fèt nan ane 1940 yo), kolonèl ak jwè polo Endyen * Shellee (non reyèl li se Shailender Singh Sodhi), powèt, otè pawòl ak ekriven Endyen * Shruti Sodhi (fèt an 1988), aktris endyèn * Sukhman Sodhi (non sèn Sukha, fèt an 2003), yon rapè ak chantè-konpozitè Kanadyen ki rele Punjabi. * Surinder Kaur (1929–2006), chantè Endyen Punjabi * Surinder Singh Sodhi (ki fèt an 1957), jwè hockey sou gazon Endyen * Surinder Singh Sodhi (1962–1984), militan ak teworis Sikh * Surinder Sodhi, konpozitè fim Endyen * Tania Sodhi, politisyen Kanadyèn == Galri == <gallery> Fichye:Portrait_of_an_unknown_Sodhi_from_Himachal_Pradesh,_ca.1859–69.png|alt=An unknown Sodhi from Himachal Pradesh| Yon Sodhi enkoni ki soti Himachal Pradesh Fichye:Portrait_of_an_unknown_Sodhi_Sikh_of_Lahore,_ca.1862–72.png|alt=An unknown Sodhi from Lahore| Yon Sodhi enkoni ki soti Lahore </gallery> f9setzmgotj9252ind6jymf4omp4lyo 0 97419 881081 2026-04-19T20:28:59Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1318738084|Bachittar Singh]] » 881081 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Bhai Bachittar Singh''' (6 me 1664 – 22 desanm 1705), souvan ke yo konnen ak tit onorifik " Shaheed " (mati), te yon ewo Sikh ak yon jeneral [[Guru Gobind Singh]] . Papa l te Bhai Mani Singh epi li te soti Alipur Riyasat Multan. == Biyografi == [[Fichye:Fort_of_Kotla_Nihang_Khan,_village_Kotla_Nihang_Khan,_Rupnagar_district,Punjab,India.jpg|droite|vignette|Fò Kotla Nihang Khan, vilaj Kotla Nihang Khan, distri Rupnagar, Punjab, peyi Zend]] Bhai Bachittar Singh te pitit Bhai Mani Singh. Li te fè yon non pou tèt li lè li te poukont li bat yon elefan sou ke Lame Anpi Mughal la te lage pandan syèj Lohgarh la. === Lanmò === Dapre yon istwa ki site, Bachittar Singh te patisipe nan batay bò rivyè Sarsa River, kote anpil nan konpayon li yo te pèdi lavi yo. Apre sa, li te blese nan yon konfwontasyon ak fòs Mughal yo pandan li t ap vwayaje sou wout pou Ropar. Blesi li yo te vin grav e finalman fatal. Li te mouri 8 desanm 1705 akoz konsekans blesi sa yo. Dapre tradisyon an, Nihang Khan te fè seremoni kremasyon li an kachèt pandan lannwit ki te swiv lanmò li. == Gade tou == * Nihang Khan * Fò Kotla Nihang Khan * Sikh Ajaibghar {{Referans}} * o7zmm2iz95ayq7akv8nariy3kbl9hgm 0 97420 881082 2026-04-19T21:01:56Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326950075|Neeldhari]] » 881082 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Neeldhari yo''' (ki vle di "moun ki mete [sentiwon] ble"), ke yo eple tou '''Nildhari''', se yon sèk eterodoks nan Sikhi ki te fonde pa Harnam Singh. Neeldharis yo se yon derive Namdharis yo. <ref name=":0" /> Majorite Neeldharis yo jodi a ap viv nan Sidès Lazi, patikilyèman Bangkok, Thailand. <ref name=":0" /> == Istwa == Harnam Singh (1877–1980) te fonde Neeldharis yo epi katye jeneral yo se nan Naushehra Majha Singh, yon lokalite ki sitiye sou wout Amritsar-Pathankot la. [ nòt 1 ] : 257 Harnam Singh te okòmansman yon Sikh Namdhari men li te vin popilè kòm yon nonm relijye nan pwòp dwa li epi finalman li te gen yon diskisyon ak lidèchip Namdhari a. <ref name=":26" /> : 258 Harnam Singh te etabli yon ''dera'' ak ''gaushala'' (abri pou bèf ki pèdi) nan vilaj Nangal Duna Singh. <ref name=":26" /> : 258 Apre [[Patisyon End|divizyon Punjab la]], Neeldharis yo ak fondatè yo te planifye okòmansman pou yo demenaje al Baijnath men yo te rete nan Naushehra Majha Singh pito. <ref name=":26" /> : 259–60 Neeldhari yo te kwè ke Harnam Singh te mesaje Bondye a ki te kapab rezoud pwoblèm yo. <ref name=":26" /> : 264 Yo te kwè tou ke Harnam Singh te gen pouvwa sinatirèl epi li te kapab bay volonte. <ref name=":26" /> : 264  Neeldhari yo te rejte kòd konduit Namdhari yo, paske Namdhari yo te mande pou Harnam Singh debarase l de kizinye ''shudra'' li a pou yo te ka aksepte l ankò nan gwoup Namdhari a. : 264 An 1955, yo te prezante konsèp ''wah wah'' la nan sèk Neeldhari a epi an 1966, yo te prezante konsèp ''neela-bana'' a. <ref name=":26" /> : 264–65 Adopsyon yon rad ble pa Neeldharis yo te yon siy dezapwobasyon yo anvè Namdharis yo, ki te konn mete rad blan abityèl yo. <ref name=":26" /> : 265 Harnam Singh te deklare li te adopte neela-bana ki baze sou yon mesaj diven li te resevwa, paske ble te rad Guru Gobind Singh. <ref name=":26" /> : 305 Harnam Singh te deklare tou ke neela-bana te nesesè nan <nowiki><i id="mwYA">Kaljug</i></nowiki> (laj fènwa) pou siyifi ke moun te fèt pechè ( ''gunahgar'' ). <ref name=":26" /> : 305 Pou rejte tout rapò ak Kukaism, Neeldharis yo te pita rejte Balak Singh ak Ram Singh kòm yon 11yèm oswa 12yèm gourou. <ref name=":26" /> : 265 Sepandan, byen bonè, Neeldharis yo te kwè nan yon kontinwite nan guruaj Sikh la. <ref name=":26" /> : 265  Lè Harnam Singh te mouri 11 oktòb 1980, Neeldhari Sikh yo pa t swiv rituèl finerè Sikh tradisyonèl yo. Olye de sa, yo te fè yon ''akhand path'' ak yon ''bhog'', epi yo te mete rès li yo nan yon sèkèy anvan yo antere l nan yon twou anba tè (bhora). Apre sa, yo te konstwi yon gumbad (yon kalite tonm) sou sit la, epi yo te mete yon Guru Granth Sahib andedan estrikti a. Harnam Singh te gen kwayans ke, menm jan ak kèk lide relijye sou rezireksyon, li menm ak disip pwòch li yo t ap leve soti vivan apre lanmò. Kwayans sa a te fè disip li yo kontinye antere rès lidè Neeldhari ki te enpòtan yo andedan konplèks dera a. Pratik sa yo, ki diferan de norm Sikh òtodòks yo, te kontinye pandan plizyè ane. Pandan peryòd sa a, disip yo te kwè Harnam Singh ta retounen, e kèk menm te panse li te reaparèt nan yon nouvo fòm nan rejyon Haryana. Depi lanmò Harnam Singh an 1980, Neeldharis yo te kòmanse pwoche pi pre Khalsa Sikhism prensipal la, petèt akòz presyon militan Sikh yo nan epòk la. : 265 Pratik pou adore yon tonm ak Guru Granth Sahib nan menm kote a te ofanse Sikh prensipal yo, avèk Akal Takht la ki te pase yon ''hukamnama'' nan dat 9 me 1998 ki te adrese bay lidè Neeldhari yo pou retire tonm nan, konstwi yon gurdwara apwopriye pito, epi sispann kwè nan kontinyasyon gourou vivan yo. <ref name=":26" /> : 266 Akal Takht la te bay Neeldharis yo yon mwa pou satisfè demand li yo. <ref name=":26" /> : 266  An 2017, jathedar Sarbat Khalsa yo te ekskominike lidè Neeldhari Satnam Singh Pipliwale nan relijyon Sikh la pou swadizan "pawòl relijye ki pa akseptab". == Kwayans ak pratik == Yo kwè nan konsèp gourou vivan (ke yo rekonèt kòm ''dehdhari'' ) ki ranplase gourou Sikh prensipal yo. Yo pa swiv ''maryada'' Sikh prensipal la. Yo bay Neeldhari yo non sa a dapre kòd abiman gason kou fanm mete a, ki egzije pou yo mete rad ble ak blan ke yo rekonèt kòm ''neela-bana'', ki gen ladan yon ''kurta-pijama'' blan, yon echap ble yo rele ''chakuta'' (ki ranplase yon tiban blan) '','' ak yon senti ble yo rele ''kamarkassa'' . : 257 Anplis, disip sèk la kenbe yon ti baton yo rele ''saila'', yon veso an fè yo rele ''gadva'', epi yo kenbe yon chaplè tou. <ref name=":26" /> : 275 Sikh Neeldhari Otodòks yo mete soulye an bwa yo rele ''khadawan'' . <ref name=":26" /> : 257  Tit Neeldhari ''maryada'' (kòd konduit) se ''Ath Rahit Maryada Guru Ji Ki'' .  Maryada a sanble montre ke Neeldharis yo te ranplase pozisyon Namdhari Guru Ram Singh ak pwòp Harnam Singh pa yo a. <ref name=":26" /> Nan maryada Neeldhari a, anpil resanblans ka lye ak kòd konduit Namdhari a, tankou leve byen bonè nan maten, retire ''kamarkasa'', pipi oswa poupou, bwose dan, benyen, epi chanje ''bana'' (rad) yo. <ref name=":26" />  Yo sèvi ak yon sèvyèt blan oswa yon echap pou siye kò yo. <ref name=":26" />  ''Nitnem'' yo pataje anpil bagay an komen ak nitnem Sikh prensipal la, sepandan yo rekòmande tou pou resite ''banis'' tankou ''Asa-di-Var'', ''Akal Ustat'', ''Chandi-di-Var'', ''Ugardhanti'', ''Bara Maha Majh Mahala Panjvan'', ak ''Bara Maha Tukhari'' kòm bani adisyonèl pou resite chak jou. ''<ref name=":26" />'' '' ''Anplis, yo mande Neeldharis yo pou yo murmure mo ''Wah'' la (aklamasyon pou Bondye mèvèy la) san rete pandan tout jounen an. ''<ref name=":26" />'' Neeldhari maryada pa itilize ''kirpan'', ''[[Kara (Sikhi)|kara]]'', ak ''dastar'', ki se yon diferans gwo ak endikap Sikh maryada ak Namdhari maryada. ''<ref name=":26" />'' Nan Thailand, Neeldhari yo gaye sèk yo a atravè predikasyon epi tou atravè maryaj ki fè moun marye youn ak lòt. Neeldhari nan Thailand yo ogmante kantite disip yo atravè maryaj ak Sikh òdinè yo, anjeneral gason Neeldhari yo mete tèt ansanm ak fanm Sikh òdinè yo, epi fanmi madanm lan piti piti konvèti nan sèk Neeldhari a apre maryaj la. <ref name=":27" /> 6tje3gy96eunqik6ajr30m97lyc0s57 881083 881082 2026-04-19T21:03:53Z 1104s72 38991 881083 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Neeldhari yo''' (ki vle di "moun ki mete [sentiwon] ble"), ke yo eple tou '''Nildhari''', se yon sèk eterodoks nan [[Sikhi]] ki te fonde pa Harnam Singh. Neeldharis yo se yon derive Namdharis yo. <ref name=":0" /> Majorite Neeldharis yo jodi a ap viv nan Sidès Lazi, patikilyèman Bangkok, Thailand. <ref name=":0" /> == Istwa == Harnam Singh (1877–1980) te fonde Neeldharis yo epi katye jeneral yo se nan Naushehra Majha Singh, yon lokalite ki sitiye sou wout Amritsar-Pathankot la.  Harnam Singh te okòmansman yon Sikh Namdhari men li te vin popilè kòm yon nonm relijye nan pwòp dwa li epi finalman li te gen yon diskisyon ak lidèchip Namdhari a. <ref name=":26" />  Harnam Singh te etabli yon ''dera'' ak ''gaushala'' (abri pou bèf ki pèdi) nan vilaj Nangal Duna Singh. <ref name=":26" /> Apre [[Patisyon End|divizyon Punjab la]], Neeldharis yo ak fondatè yo te planifye okòmansman pou yo demenaje al Baijnath men yo te rete nan Naushehra Majha Singh pito. <ref name=":26" /> Neeldhari yo te kwè ke Harnam Singh te mesaje Bondye a ki te kapab rezoud pwoblèm yo. <ref name=":26" />  Yo te kwè tou ke Harnam Singh te gen pouvwa sinatirèl epi li te kapab bay volonte. <ref name=":26" /> Neeldhari yo te rejte kòd konduit Namdhari yo, paske Namdhari yo te mande pou Harnam Singh debarase l de kizinye ''shudra'' li a pou yo te ka aksepte l ankò nan gwoup Namdhari a.  An 1955, yo te prezante konsèp ''wah wah'' la nan sèk Neeldhari a epi an 1966, yo te prezante konsèp ''neela-bana'' a. <ref name=":26" />  Adopsyon yon rad ble pa Neeldharis yo te yon siy dezapwobasyon yo anvè Namdharis yo, ki te konn mete rad blan abityèl yo. <ref name=":26" /> Harnam Singh te deklare li te adopte neela-bana ki baze sou yon mesaj diven li te resevwa, paske ble te rad Guru Gobind Singh. <ref name=":26" />  Harnam Singh te deklare tou ke neela-bana te nesesè nan (laj fènwa) pou siyifi ke moun te fèt pechè ( ''gunahgar'' ). <ref name=":26" /> Pou rejte tout rapò ak Kukaism, Neeldharis yo te pita rejte Balak Singh ak Ram Singh kòm yon 11yèm oswa 12yèm gourou. <ref name=":26" />  Sepandan, byen bonè, Neeldharis yo te kwè nan yon kontinwite nan guruaj Sikh la. <ref name=":26" /> Lè Harnam Singh te mouri 11 oktòb 1980, Neeldhari Sikh yo pa t swiv rituèl finerè Sikh tradisyonèl yo. Olye de sa, yo te fè yon ''akhand path'' ak yon ''bhog'', epi yo te mete rès li yo nan yon sèkèy anvan yo antere l nan yon twou anba tè (bhora). Apre sa, yo te konstwi yon gumbad (yon kalite tonm) sou sit la, epi yo te mete yon Guru Granth Sahib andedan estrikti a. Harnam Singh te gen kwayans ke, menm jan ak kèk lide relijye sou rezireksyon, li menm ak disip pwòch li yo t ap leve soti vivan apre lanmò. Kwayans sa a te fè disip li yo kontinye antere rès lidè Neeldhari ki te enpòtan yo andedan konplèks dera a. Pratik sa yo, ki diferan de norm Sikh òtodòks yo, te kontinye pandan plizyè ane. Pandan peryòd sa a, disip yo te kwè Harnam Singh ta retounen, e kèk menm te panse li te reaparèt nan yon nouvo fòm nan rejyon Haryana. Depi lanmò Harnam Singh an 1980, Neeldharis yo te kòmanse pwoche pi pre Khalsa Sikhism prensipal la, petèt akòz presyon militan Sikh yo nan epòk la. Pratik pou adore yon tonm ak Guru Granth Sahib nan menm kote a te ofanse Sikh prensipal yo, avèk Akal Takht la ki te pase yon ''hukamnama'' nan dat 9 me 1998 ki te adrese bay lidè Neeldhari yo pou retire tonm nan, konstwi yon gurdwara apwopriye pito, epi sispann kwè nan kontinyasyon gourou vivan yo. <ref name=":26" />  Akal Takht la te bay Neeldharis yo yon mwa pou satisfè demand li yo. <ref name=":26" /> An 2017, jathedar Sarbat Khalsa yo te ekskominike lidè Neeldhari Satnam Singh Pipliwale nan relijyon Sikh la pou swadizan "pawòl relijye ki pa akseptab". == Kwayans ak pratik == Yo kwè nan konsèp gourou vivan (ke yo rekonèt kòm ''dehdhari'' ) ki ranplase gourou Sikh prensipal yo. Yo pa swiv ''maryada'' Sikh prensipal la. Yo bay Neeldhari yo non sa a dapre kòd abiman gason kou fanm mete a, ki egzije pou yo mete rad ble ak blan ke yo rekonèt kòm ''neela-bana'', ki gen ladan yon ''kurta-pijama'' blan, yon echap ble yo rele ''chakuta'' (ki ranplase yon tiban blan) '','' ak yon senti ble yo rele ''kamarkassa'' . : Anplis, disip sèk la kenbe yon ti baton yo rele ''saila'', yon veso an fè yo rele ''gadva'', epi yo kenbe yon chaplè tou. <ref name=":26" />  Sikh Neeldhari Otodòks yo mete soulye an bwa yo rele ''khadawan'' . <ref name=":26" /> Tit Neeldhari ''maryada'' (kòd konduit) se ''Ath Rahit Maryada Guru Ji Ki'' .  Maryada a sanble montre ke Neeldharis yo te ranplase pozisyon Namdhari Guru Ram Singh ak pwòp Harnam Singh pa yo a. <ref name=":26" /> Nan maryada Neeldhari a, anpil resanblans ka lye ak kòd konduit Namdhari a, tankou leve byen bonè nan maten, retire ''kamarkasa'', pipi oswa poupou, bwose dan, benyen, epi chanje ''bana'' (rad) yo. <ref name=":26" />  Yo sèvi ak yon sèvyèt blan oswa yon echap pou siye kò yo. <ref name=":26" />  ''Nitnem'' yo pataje anpil bagay an komen ak nitnem Sikh prensipal la, sepandan yo rekòmande tou pou resite ''banis'' tankou ''Asa-di-Var'', ''Akal Ustat'', ''Chandi-di-Var'', ''Ugardhanti'', ''Bara Maha Majh Mahala Panjvan'', ak ''Bara Maha Tukhari'' kòm bani adisyonèl pou resite chak jou. ''<ref name=":26" />'' '' ''Anplis, yo mande Neeldharis yo pou yo murmure mo ''Wah'' la (aklamasyon pou Bondye mèvèy la) san rete pandan tout jounen an. ''<ref name=":26" />'' Neeldhari maryada pa itilize ''kirpan'', ''[[Kara (Sikhi)|kara]]'', ak ''dastar'', ki se yon diferans gwo ak endikap Sikh maryada ak Namdhari maryada. ''<ref name=":26" />'' Nan Thailand, Neeldhari yo gaye sèk yo a atravè predikasyon epi tou atravè maryaj ki fè moun marye youn ak lòt. Neeldhari nan Thailand yo ogmante kantite disip yo atravè maryaj ak Sikh òdinè yo, anjeneral gason Neeldhari yo mete tèt ansanm ak fanm Sikh òdinè yo, epi fanmi madanm lan piti piti konvèti nan sèk Neeldhari a apre maryaj la. <ref name=":27" /> 0tbjku7t43r5oghba3nfpwjqwagm4i6 0 97421 881084 2026-04-19T21:10:02Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1320953213|Sikh feminism]] » 881084 wikitext text/x-wiki   {| class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" role="navigation" | class="sidebar-pretitle" |Part of [[:Category:Sikhism|a series]] on |- ! class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.2em; font-size:140%;" |[[Sikhism]] |- | class="sidebar-image" |[[File:Khanda.svg|lien=Khanda_(Sikh_symbol)|classe=skin-invert|123x123px|Khanda]] |- | class="sidebar-above" style="border-top:1px solid #FFC600; border-bottom:1px solid #FFC600; padding-bottom:.35em;" | * [[Sikhs|People]] * [[:Category:Sikhs|Topics]] * [[Outline of Sikhism|Outline]] * [[History of Sikhism|History]] * [[Glossary of Sikhism|Glossary]] |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[Sikh gurus]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Guru Nanak]] * [[Guru Angad]] * [[Guru Amar Das]] * [[Guru Ram Das]] * [[Guru Arjan]] * [[Guru Hargobind]] * [[Guru Har Rai]] * [[Guru Har Krishan]] * [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] * [[Guru Gobind Singh]] * [[Guru Granth Sahib]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[Bhagat|Selected revered saints]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Kabir|Bhagat Kabir]] * [[Bhagat Ravidas]] * [[Bhagat Farid]] * [[Bhagat Ramanand]] * [[Bhagat Beni]] * [[Namdev|Bhagat Namdev]] * [[Bhagat Sadhana]] * [[Bhagat Bhikhan]] * [[Bhagat Parmanand]] * [[Bhagat Sain]] * [[Bhagat Dhanna]] * [[Bhagat Pipa]] * [[Surdas|Bhagat Surdas]] * [[Jayadeva|Bhagat Jaidev]] * [[Bhagat Trilochan]] * [[Bhatt Kalshar]] * [[Bhatt Balh]] * [[Bhatt Bhalh]] * [[Bhatt Bhika]] * [[Bhatt Gayand]] * [[Bhatt Harbans]] * [[Bhatt Jalap]] * [[Bhatt Kirat]] * [[Bhatt Mathura]] * [[Bhatt Nalh]] * [[Bhatt Salh]] * [[Baba Sunder|Baba Sundar]] * [[Satta Doom]] * [[Balvand Rai]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[Sikh religious philosophy|Philosophy]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * ''[[Naam Japo]]'' * [[Kirat Karo|<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration">''Kirat Karō''</span>]] * [[Vand Chhako|<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration">''Vand Chakkō''</span>]] * [[Charhdi Kala|<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration">''Charhdi Kalā''</span>]] * ''[[Guru Maneyo Granth]]'' * [[Five Thieves]] * [[Five Virtues]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikh practices|Practices]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Sikh Rehat Maryada]] * [[Prohibitions in Sikhism|Prohibitions]] * [[Ardās]] * [[Kirtan#Sikhism|Kirtan]] * [[Amrit Velā]] * [[Dasvand]] * [[The Five Ks]] * [[Langar (Sikhism)|Langar]] * [[Seva (Indian religions)|Sewa]] * [[Simran]] * [[Nitnem]] * [[Dastar|Dastaar (Turban)]] * [[Naam Karan]] * [[Amrit Sanskar]] * [[Anand Karaj]] * [[Antam Sanskar]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikh scripture|Scripture]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * ''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'' * ''[[Dasam Granth]]'' * ''[[Sarbloh Granth]]'' * ''[[Five Banis]]'' </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikh places|Places]] and [[Panj Takht|Takhts]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Gurdwara]] * [[Harmandir Sahib]] * [[Akal Takht]] * [[Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib|Keshgarh Sahib]] * [[Takht Sri Damdama Sahib|Damdama Sahib]] * [[Takht Sri Patna Sahib|Patna Sahib]] * [[Takht Sri Hazur Sahib|Hazur Sahib]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikhism|Culture]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[:Category:Sikh literature|Literature]] * [[:Category:Sikh music|Music]] * [[Sikh names|Names]] * [[Khanda (Sikh symbol)|Khanda]] * [[Khalsa]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikhism|General topics]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Ik Onkar]] * [[Waheguru]] * [[Panj Pyare]] * [[Nirgun and Sargun (Sikhism)|Nirgun and Sargun]] * [[Nanakshahi calendar]] * [[Criticism of Sikhism|Criticism]] * [[Jathedar of Akal Takht]] * [[Dharamyudh (Sikhism)|War]] * [[Sects of Sikhism|Sects]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">Sikhism and other religions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Hinduism and Sikhism|Sikhism and Hinduism]] * [[Islam and Sikhism|Sikhism and Islam]] * [[Jainism and Sikhism|Sikhism and Jainism]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="border-top:1px solid #FFC600;border-bottom:1px solid #FFC600;padding-bottom:0.4em;" | * <span class="nowrap">[[File:P_religion_world.svg|alt=icon|classe=noviewer|17x17px]]</span> [[Portal:Religion|Religion&#x20;portal]] |- | class="sidebar-navbar" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Navbar/styles.css"></templatestyles> |} Sikis te fonde nan Punjab an 1469 pa [[Guru Nanak]] sou fondasyon ke tout moun egal, kèlkeswa kas, laj, oswa sèks. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/nanak.shtml|title=BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Guru Nanak|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> Ni gason ni fanm sipoze swiv Senk K yo : Kesh (cheve san koupe), Kangha (peny), Kara (braslè fè), Kachera (rad koton) ak Kirpan (ponya fè), epi pa janm te gen yon distenksyon ant sa yon fanm ta dwe gen dwa fè ak yon gason nan nivo teyolojik. Gason ak fanm trete egalman nan tanp lan ( gurdwara ), epi tout moun manje epi priye kòt a kòt. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/ritesrituals/gurdwara_1.shtml|title=BBC - Religions - Sikhism: The Gurdwara|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> Ni gason ni fanm sipoze pote Kirpan an avèk yo paske yo responsab pwòp pwoteksyon fizik yo, epi yo pa ta dwe depann de lòt moun. Sik yo estrikteman kont sistèm kas la epi anpil te chwazi itilize ''Kaur'' oswa ''Singh'' kòm yon non fanmi pou pouse kont sistèm kas pwoblèmatik nan peyi Zend. Gen yon sèl dye ( Waheguru ) nan Sikis epi yo pa gen fòm oswa sèks, epi tout moun egal nan je Bondye. Anpil fanm Sikh kwè ke absans kòd konduit sa a pou yon fanm kont yon gason pwouve ke relijyon yo istorikman angaje nan egalite sèks yo. Kounye a, kilti a pa toujou swiv tradisyon sa yo epi egalite a souvan pi vre nan ideyal olye ke nan pratik chak jou. Dapre Kiman Kaur: "Li esansyèl pou pran an kont divès naratif Kaur (fanm Sikh) yo pou nou ka konprann vyolans fanm Sikh yo sibi akòz minoritasyon relijye, etnik ak sèks atravè pèmèt plis konvèsasyon entèseksyonèl." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/lifestyle/my-summer-in-dc-fighting-to-end-the-war-against-womxn-while-fighting-for-the-rights-of-sikhs-489553/|title=Editorial: Fighting to End the War Against Womxn While Fighting for the Rights of Sikhs|last=Kaur Editorial|first=Kiman|date=August 5, 2015|website=www.india.com|language=en|access-date=2021-12-30}}</ref> Nan Amerik di Nò, se gason sèlman ki swiv senk K yo; sepandan, anpil fanm ki devwe relijyon chwazi tou pou yo angaje yo nan Sikh rehni, fason lavi Sikh la. Anpil fanm Sikh chwazi tou pou yo mete yon tiban kòm yon mouvman sosyo-politik pou konbat inegalite nan relijyon an epi montre esansyèlism Sikh yo. Genyen tou gwoup ki te fòme pa Sikh yo, tankou SAFAR, ki angaje pou dekouvri ak konfwonte opresyon nan kominote Sikh la, ansanm ak retabli ekite nan kilti Sikh la. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhfeministresearch.org/|title=SAFAR – The Sikh Feminist Research Institute – Research {{!}} Analysis {{!}} Praxis|website=www.sikhfeministresearch.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> == Istwa == [[Fichye:Mai_Bhago_-SikhHeritageMuseum.jpg|gauche|vignette|Penti Mai Bhago k ap mennen gèrye Sikh yo nan batay]] === Mai Bhago === Mai Bhago, ke yo rele tou Mata Bhag Kaur, sete yon gèrye Sikh fi nan kòmansman 18yèm syèk la ki te dirije karant gason nan batay kont Anpi Mughal la epi ki te gad kò pèsonèl [[Guru Gobind Singh]] . Bhago souvan reprezante kòm yon fanm grasyeu, fò, ak yon tiban sou yon chwal, k ap mennen nan batay. Jan istwa a di a, lame Mughal la t ap chase lame Guru Gobind Singh la. Lame Mughal la te bay karant sòlda ki te sipoze pwoteje gourou a opsyon pou abandone l oswa pou yo touye yo. Sòlda yo te di Guru Gobind Singh ke yo pa t Sikh li yo epi li pa t gourou yo, epi yo te retounen nan vilaj yo. Youn nan sòlda yo, Nidhan Singh Patti, te di madanm li, Mai Bhago, sa li te fè. Li te vin fache anpil epi li te di l pou l fè travay kay la pandan l ap al goumen nan batay la. Lè mesye yo te tande nouvèl ke li te rasanble tout fanm nan vilaj la pou ale sou chan batay la, yo te vin wont epi yo te pwomèt pou yo rantre nan batay la. Mai Bhago ak sòlda yo te konnen se te yon misyon swisid men yo te vle pwoteje gourou yo a, ki te kache nan forè ki toupre a. Mai Bhago te siviv, men tout sòlda Sikh yo te mouri epi anpil nan Lame Mughal la te tonbe tou. Rès Lame Mughal la te sipoze ke Guru Gobind Singh te mouri epi yo te sispann pouswiv li. Pou fidelite ak galantri li, Mai Bhago te vin gadkò gourou a. Kòm yon senbòl bravou ak kouraj li, lans li kounye a estoke akote zam Guru Gobind Singh nan yon gurdwara nan Nanded, peyi Zend. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.discoversikhism.com/sikhs/mai_bhago.html|title=Mai Bhago {{!}} Discover Sikhism|website=www.discoversikhism.com|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> === Sistèm kas === Sistèm kas la se yon sistèm yerarchik ki distenge gwoup yo selon estati sosyal, ran, richès ak okipasyon. Pifò nan peyi Zend toujou swiv sistèm kas la malgre kèk enplikasyon pwoblèmatik li ka genyen. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[Èd:Pou ekri atik|<span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (August 2021)">egzanp nesesè</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Sik yo opoze sistèm kas la paske li kraze prensip relijye egalite yo a. [[Guru Nanak]] te kwè sistèm kas la se yon move bagay epi li te defye enstitisyon an lè li te di manas ki jat sabhe eke paihcanbo ''–'' 'rekonèt tout limanite kòm yon sèl kas nan limanite.' Anpil Sik te abandone non kas yo epi yo te chwazi pran non fanmi ''Kaur'' (dezyèm non pou tout Sik fi) oswa ''Singh'' (dezyèm non pou tout Sik gason). Abandon kas sa a te vin pwoblèmatik pou kèk Sik ki te premye eseye imigre nan [[Kanada]], paske biwo imigrasyon an pa t legalman rekonèt ''Singh'' oswa ''Kaur'' kòm non fanmi paske yo te "twò komen". Òganizasyon Mondyal Sikh la te fache anpil kont lwa sa a paske li te egzije pou fanmi Sikh yo reprann non kas yo, kidonk li te ale kont lafwa yo. Òganizasyon Mondyal Sikh la te kapab pwouve ke te gen plizyè lòt imigran ki te gen non fanmi komen men yo pa t fòse yo chanje non yo. Yo te ranvèse politik la imedyatman epi yo te jije li kòm yon malantandi. == Pwoblèm == === Egalite nan tanp lan (Gurdwara) === [[Fichye:Sikh_Temple_Manning_Drive_Edmonton_Alberta_Canada_01A.jpg|vignette|Nanaksar Gurdwara : Tanp Sikh sou Horsehills Road nan Edmonton, Alberata, Kanada.]] Nenpòt gason oswa fanm ka antre nan tanp lan e patisipe nan priyè ak resitasyon Guru Granth Sahib, ki se prensipal ekriti Sikh la. Chak tanp gen yon langar (kwizin kominotè) kote moun tout sèks, relijyon, orijin oswa etnisite akeyi pou yo manje yon repa vejetaryen gratis ansanm, sou menm nivo, pou montre prensip egalite. Malgre pa gen entèdiksyon pou gason ak fanm chita ansanm, nan pratik tradisyonèl yo souvan chita sou bò opoze nan Darbar Sahib (sal prensipal la), men tout moun rete a menm distans ak Guru Granth Sahib la. Resitasyon ekriti Sikh yo nan piblik la souvan fèt pa gason, e an jeneral se gason ki pale devan kongregasyon an. Menm si nenpòt moun ka vin granthi (lektè seremoni), kondisyon sosyal ak responsabilite familyal, tankou swen timoun, fè li pi difisil pou fanm yo pran wòl sa a. Kòm rezilta, fanm yo pi souvan wè nan wòl kizinye oswa moun k ap bay swen nan langar, pandan gason domine nan lekti piblik yo. Lè gen mwens aksè ak ankourajman pou fanm yo vin granthi, sa kreye yon enègalite nan fonksyònman tanp lan epi li limite posiblite pou chanjman nan wòl yo. Yo pa janm mansyone omoseksyalite eksplisitman nan Guru Granth Sahib la, men yo ankouraje maryaj ant gason ak fanm plizyè fwa. Sikhism pa gen okenn ansèyman espesifik sou omoseksyalite epi ekriti sakre Sikh la, Guru Granth Sahib la, pa mansyone eteroseksyalite, omoseksyalite oswa biseksyalite eksplisitman. Anpil moun te louvri sa a pou entèpretasyon, men yo diskite ke ansèyman gourou a te baze sou baz egalite pou tout moun epi omoseksyalite pa yon eksepsyon. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/relationships/sikhloveandsexrev2.shtml|title=BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Homosexuality|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206180428/http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/relationships/sikhloveandsexrev2.shtml|archive-date=December 6, 2008|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> === Avòtman nan peyi Zend === Majorite Sikh yo kondane tout fòm seleksyon sèks dapre ansèyman Guru Granth Sahib la, ki te angaje nan egalite tout moun. Pifò Sikh konsidere itilizasyon fetisid kòm yon zak diskriminasyon ak vyolans. Sepandan, anpil moun nan peyi Zend kontinye itilize fetisid epi [[Avòtman|avòte]] [[fetis]] fi paske gason yo pi dezirab epi yo pi favorize nan kilti Endyen an. Tigason yo pi dezirab pou plizyè rezon, tankou pouvwa pou touche lajan, pansyon potansyèl ak dot . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/abortion/medical/infanticide_1.shtml|title=BBC - Ethics - Abortion: Female infanticide|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> Nan Lohri, yon festival Punjabi ki make solstis ivè epi ki selebre lavi, se sèlman nesans nouvo pitit gason yo selebre. Nan Kanada, fanm ki fèt nan peyi Zend ki deja akouche de pitit fi, te akouche 192 ti gason nan Ontario pou chak 100 ti fi. Nan Punjab (peyi Sikh yo), an 2001, te gen sèlman 754 ti fi ki te fèt pou chak 1000 ti gason. Sepandan, diferans sa yo ap amelyore epi rapò ant gason ak fanm yo ap vin pi egal. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prb.org/indiasexratio/|title=Sex Ratio at Birth Begins to Improve in India – Population Reference Bureau|website=www.prb.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> == Politik cheve == === Istwa turban an === Lè yo te fonde Sikhism pou premye fwa an 1469, se lidè espirityèl ak gourou yo ki te sitou mete tiban an kòm yon senbòl estati, epi cheve ki pa koupe te yon senbòl sentete ak pouvwa espirityèl. Pandan yon peryòd boulvès ak lagè nan peyi Zend, 10yèm gourou a, [[Guru Gobind Singh]], te reyini pèp li a epi li te fòme Khalsa (pi a), yon gwoup frè ak sè Sikh batize ki devwe espirityèlman, epi apati de la, li te mande pèp li a pou swiv Senk K yo. Pi diferan e pi fasil pou rekonèt nan Senk K yo se Kesh, ki egzije pou gason ak fanm Sikh yo kenbe cheve yo san koupe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/sep/13/why-do-sikhs-wear-turbans-google-answer|title=Why do Sikhs wear turbans? You asked Google – here's the answer {{!}} Vivek Chaudhary|last=Chaudhary|first=Vivek|date=2017-09-13|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-04-10}}</ref> Tiban an te senbolize fòs espirityèl, preparasyon militè epi li te pèmèt Sikh yo ini epi diferansye tèt yo ak lòt moun. Guru Gobind Singh te vle ranfòse lefèt ke nan je Bondye, tout Sikh yo te remakab e egal. Sa te kreye yon lame gason ak fanm ki angaje pou atenn liberasyon espirityèl ak tanporèl anba Bondye. ==== Fanm ak turban ==== Nan listwa, tou de gason ak fanm nan Sikhism te sipoze swiv prensip ''Kesh'', sa vle di kenbe cheve yo san koupe. Men, nan pratik kiltirèl, pifò gason te mete turban (tiban), pandan fanm yo te tradisyonèlman kite cheve yo long san yo pa mare yo nan menm fason an. Turban an vin souvan konsidere kòm yon senbòl maskilen. Kòm rezilta, lè yon fanm chwazi mete turban, li pafwa entèprete nan kominote a kòm yon chanjman oswa yon rejè nan wòl tradisyonèl feminen yo. Sepandan, anpil fanm Sikh ki mete turban wè sa kòm yon chwa ki gen sans feminis modèn, ki defye asimilasyon kiltirèl epi ki montre idantite Sikh yo ak fyète. Yo asosye pratik sa a ak eritaj Guru Gobind Singh ak tradisyon gèrye Sikh yo, kote turban an reprezante diyite, kouraj ak respè. Pou anpil fanm, mete turban ede yo eksprime fòs ak angajman relijye yo, epi li fè yo fasil pou idantifye kòm Sikh. Li kapab tou sèvi kòm yon siy distenksyon kiltirèl ak lòt tradisyon relijye nan rejyon an. An jeneral, yo wè pratik sa a kòm yon fason pou reklame plis egalite ak respè nan entèpretasyon modèn Sikhism lan. ===== Palbinder Kaur Shergill ===== Palbinder Kaur Shergill se premye fanm Sikh ki gen turban ki nonmen [[jij]] nan Kanada. Shergill te fèt nan Punjab, peyi Zend epi li te grandi nan Williams Lake, BC. Li se yon defansè dwa moun dirijan e fanmi elaji li nan Jalandhar, peyi Zend, dirije yon sant òdinatè ak koud san bi likratif pou pòv yo. Shergill te bay konsèy legal pro-bono bay Òganizasyon Mondyal Sikh (WSO) epi li te reprezante WSO a pou plizyè ka, tankou dwa pou jèn Sikh yo mete Kirpan nan lekòl yo. Anvan yo te nonmen l jij, Shergill te dirije pwòp kabinè avoka li nan Surrey, BC. Shergill se yon manm konsèy konsiltatif nan Sikh Feminist Research Institute (SAFAR), e an 2012, yo te nonmen l Konsèy Rèn nan pou sèvis kominotè li yo. <ref name="HuffPost Canada" /> Jody Wilson-Raybould, minis jistis ak avoka jeneral nan Kanada, te nonmen Shergill kòm jij pou defans dwa moun ak pozisyon lidèchip li yo. ===== Mete yon turban nan RCMP a ===== An 1988, yon jèn gason Sikh, Baltej Singh Dhillon, te rekrite pa RCMP a, men yo te di l si l te vle travay pou yo, li te oblije retire tiban li. Dhillon te refize, men RCMP a te refize chanje règleman yo, epi an retou yo te refize ba li yon pòs. An 1990, gouvènman an te deside entèdiksyon an te kont Charte Kanadyen sou Dwa ak Libète, epi li te pèmèt Dhillon rantre nan fòs yo, ki te evantyèlman tounen yon karyè long ak siksè pou li. Sa te deklanche yon boulvèsman politik epi gwoup tankou Defansè Tradisyon RCMP Alberta a te parèt, kolekte plis pase 150,000 siyati ki opoze tiban nan RCMP a. Te gen plizyè tantativ ki te echwe nan men dwa yo pou chanje lalwa a, epi finalman mouvman an te diminye avèk letan. == Enstiti Rechèch Feminis Sikh == Enstiti Rechèch Feminis Sikh la (SAFAR) se yon òganizasyon san bi likratif ki baze nan [[Amerik dinò|Amerik di Nò]] ki angaje nan rechèch ak aktivis feminis Sikh. Li te kòmanse an 2010 nan Toronto, Kanada, pa fanm Sikh ki te konsakre tèt yo nan [[Egalite sèks|egalite]] ak [[Edikasyon timoun|edikasyon]] . Kounye a, yo gen pwogram toupatou nan Kanada epi yo òganize konferans toupatou nan Amerik di Nò. Yo gen kat pwogram diferan ki angaje nan kreye ekite sosyal atravè konvèsasyon aktif; pwogram sa yo se: * Seri Konferans Vwayaj Nou an: Seri konferans sa a eksplore plizyè sijè, relasyon ak pratik atravè pwendvi feminis Sikh yo. Seri a gen entansyon kreye yon dyalòg kritik ak yon konvèsasyon kaptivan sou Sikhism ak feminis. * Seri Konferans Lidèchip Jèn Fi: SAFAR mete tèt ansanm ak lekòl yo pou kreye yon espas pou konvèsasyon ak rezotaj ant jèn fi Sikh ak lidè fi Sikh yo. * Kaurs Talk Politics: Kaurs Talk Politics (KTP) bay fanm Sikh ( Kaurs ) yon espas pou yo defye listwa Sikh, epi pou yo bay tèt yo pouvwa atravè revandikasyon ajans sosyo-politik ak angajman Sikh anvè egalite. * Klib Liv: klib liv la kreye yon espas sou entènèt pou feminis Sikh yo li, reflechi epi diskite sou revolisyon Vasaikhi a. ak konsekans kontinyèl li yo pou egalite, sèks, ak jistis sosyal ak imanitè. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhfeministresearch.org/|title=SAFAR – The Sikh Feminist Research Institute – Research {{!}} Analysis {{!}} Praxis|website=www.sikhfeministresearch.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-09}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.sikhfeministresearch.org/ "SAFAR – The Sikh Feminist Research Institute – Research | Analysis | Praxis"]. ''www.sikhfeministresearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-09</span></span>.</cite></ref> Pwogram sa yo kreye espas an sekirite pou moun yo ka fè konvèsasyon sou politik ak relijyon atravè yon pèspektiv feminis Sikh. Atravè sit entènèt yo a, yo bay tou yon lis materyèl lekti feminis Sikh ki gen anpil valè, ansanm ak atik yo menm ekri ak sou yo. Atik yo gen entansyon pou konteste opresyon epi bay enfòmasyon enpòtan sou mouvman, pèp ak istwa Sikh. == Gade tou == * Sofia Duleep Singh * Feminis Sikh yo 2l0p7jgo5jzojizuwgun5l7rubydswj 881085 881084 2026-04-19T21:10:50Z 1104s72 38991 881085 wikitext text/x-wiki   {| class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" role="navigation" | class="sidebar-pretitle" |Part of [[:Category:Sikhism|a series]] on |- ! class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.2em; font-size:140%;" |[[Sikhism]] |- | class="sidebar-image" |[[File:Khanda.svg|lien=Khanda_(Sikh_symbol)|classe=skin-invert|123x123px|Khanda]] |- | class="sidebar-above" style="border-top:1px solid #FFC600; border-bottom:1px solid #FFC600; padding-bottom:.35em;" | * [[Sikhs|People]] * [[:Category:Sikhs|Topics]] * [[Outline of Sikhism|Outline]] * [[History of Sikhism|History]] * [[Glossary of Sikhism|Glossary]] |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[Sikh gurus]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Guru Nanak]] * [[Guru Angad]] * [[Guru Amar Das]] * [[Guru Ram Das]] * [[Guru Arjan]] * [[Guru Hargobind]] * [[Guru Har Rai]] * [[Guru Har Krishan]] * [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] * [[Guru Gobind Singh]] * [[Guru Granth Sahib]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[Bhagat|Selected revered saints]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Kabir|Bhagat Kabir]] * [[Bhagat Ravidas]] * [[Bhagat Farid]] * [[Bhagat Ramanand]] * [[Bhagat Beni]] * [[Namdev|Bhagat Namdev]] * [[Bhagat Sadhana]] * [[Bhagat Bhikhan]] * [[Bhagat Parmanand]] * [[Bhagat Sain]] * [[Bhagat Dhanna]] * [[Bhagat Pipa]] * [[Surdas|Bhagat Surdas]] * [[Jayadeva|Bhagat Jaidev]] * [[Bhagat Trilochan]] * [[Bhatt Kalshar]] * [[Bhatt Balh]] * [[Bhatt Bhalh]] * [[Bhatt Bhika]] * [[Bhatt Gayand]] * [[Bhatt Harbans]] * [[Bhatt Jalap]] * [[Bhatt Kirat]] * [[Bhatt Mathura]] * [[Bhatt Nalh]] * [[Bhatt Salh]] * [[Baba Sunder|Baba Sundar]] * [[Satta Doom]] * [[Balvand Rai]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[Sikh religious philosophy|Philosophy]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * ''[[Naam Japo]]'' * [[Kirat Karo|<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration">''Kirat Karō''</span>]] * [[Vand Chhako|<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration">''Vand Chakkō''</span>]] * [[Charhdi Kala|<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration">''Charhdi Kalā''</span>]] * ''[[Guru Maneyo Granth]]'' * [[Five Thieves]] * [[Five Virtues]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikh practices|Practices]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Sikh Rehat Maryada]] * [[Prohibitions in Sikhism|Prohibitions]] * [[Ardās]] * [[Kirtan#Sikhism|Kirtan]] * [[Amrit Velā]] * [[Dasvand]] * [[The Five Ks]] * [[Langar (Sikhism)|Langar]] * [[Seva (Indian religions)|Sewa]] * [[Simran]] * [[Nitnem]] * [[Dastar|Dastaar (Turban)]] * [[Naam Karan]] * [[Amrit Sanskar]] * [[Anand Karaj]] * [[Antam Sanskar]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikh scripture|Scripture]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * ''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'' * ''[[Dasam Granth]]'' * ''[[Sarbloh Granth]]'' * ''[[Five Banis]]'' </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikh places|Places]] and [[Panj Takht|Takhts]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Gurdwara]] * [[Harmandir Sahib]] * [[Akal Takht]] * [[Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib|Keshgarh Sahib]] * [[Takht Sri Damdama Sahib|Damdama Sahib]] * [[Takht Sri Patna Sahib|Patna Sahib]] * [[Takht Sri Hazur Sahib|Hazur Sahib]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikhism|Culture]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[:Category:Sikh literature|Literature]] * [[:Category:Sikh music|Music]] * [[Sikh names|Names]] * [[Khanda (Sikh symbol)|Khanda]] * [[Khalsa]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikhism|General topics]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Ik Onkar]] * [[Waheguru]] * [[Panj Pyare]] * [[Nirgun and Sargun (Sikhism)|Nirgun and Sargun]] * [[Nanakshahi calendar]] * [[Criticism of Sikhism|Criticism]] * [[Jathedar of Akal Takht]] * [[Dharamyudh (Sikhism)|War]] * [[Sects of Sikhism|Sects]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">Sikhism and other religions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Hinduism and Sikhism|Sikhism and Hinduism]] * [[Islam and Sikhism|Sikhism and Islam]] * [[Jainism and Sikhism|Sikhism and Jainism]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="border-top:1px solid #FFC600;border-bottom:1px solid #FFC600;padding-bottom:0.4em;" | * <span class="nowrap">[[File:P_religion_world.svg|alt=icon|classe=noviewer|17x17px]]</span> [[Portal:Religion|Religion&#x20;portal]] |- | class="sidebar-navbar" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Navbar/styles.css"></templatestyles> |} Sikhi te fonde nan Punjab an 1469 pa [[Guru Nanak]] sou fondasyon ke tout moun egal, kèlkeswa kas, laj, oswa sèks. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/nanak.shtml|title=BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Guru Nanak|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> Ni gason ni fanm sipoze swiv Senk K yo : Kesh (cheve san koupe), Kangha (peny), Kara (braslè fè), Kachera (rad koton) ak Kirpan (ponya fè), epi pa janm te gen yon distenksyon ant sa yon fanm ta dwe gen dwa fè ak yon gason nan nivo teyolojik. Gason ak fanm trete egalman nan tanp lan ( gurdwara ), epi tout moun manje epi priye kòt a kòt. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/ritesrituals/gurdwara_1.shtml|title=BBC - Religions - Sikhism: The Gurdwara|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> Ni gason ni fanm sipoze pote Kirpan an avèk yo paske yo responsab pwòp pwoteksyon fizik yo, epi yo pa ta dwe depann de lòt moun. Sik yo estrikteman kont sistèm kas la epi anpil te chwazi itilize ''Kaur'' oswa ''Singh'' kòm yon non fanmi pou pouse kont sistèm kas pwoblèmatik nan peyi Zend. Gen yon sèl dye ( Waheguru ) nan Sikis epi yo pa gen fòm oswa sèks, epi tout moun egal nan je Bondye. Anpil fanm Sikh kwè ke absans kòd konduit sa a pou yon fanm kont yon gason pwouve ke relijyon yo istorikman angaje nan egalite sèks yo. Kounye a, kilti a pa toujou swiv tradisyon sa yo epi egalite a souvan pi vre nan ideyal olye ke nan pratik chak jou. Dapre Kiman Kaur: "Li esansyèl pou pran an kont divès naratif Kaur (fanm Sikh) yo pou nou ka konprann vyolans fanm Sikh yo sibi akòz minoritasyon relijye, etnik ak sèks atravè pèmèt plis konvèsasyon entèseksyonèl." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/lifestyle/my-summer-in-dc-fighting-to-end-the-war-against-womxn-while-fighting-for-the-rights-of-sikhs-489553/|title=Editorial: Fighting to End the War Against Womxn While Fighting for the Rights of Sikhs|last=Kaur Editorial|first=Kiman|date=August 5, 2015|website=www.india.com|language=en|access-date=2021-12-30}}</ref> Nan Amerik di Nò, se gason sèlman ki swiv senk K yo; sepandan, anpil fanm ki devwe relijyon chwazi tou pou yo angaje yo nan Sikh rehni, fason lavi Sikh la. Anpil fanm Sikh chwazi tou pou yo mete yon tiban kòm yon mouvman sosyo-politik pou konbat inegalite nan relijyon an epi montre esansyèlism Sikh yo. Genyen tou gwoup ki te fòme pa Sikh yo, tankou SAFAR, ki angaje pou dekouvri ak konfwonte opresyon nan kominote Sikh la, ansanm ak retabli ekite nan kilti Sikh la. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhfeministresearch.org/|title=SAFAR – The Sikh Feminist Research Institute – Research {{!}} Analysis {{!}} Praxis|website=www.sikhfeministresearch.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> == Istwa == [[Fichye:Mai_Bhago_-SikhHeritageMuseum.jpg|gauche|vignette|Penti Mai Bhago k ap mennen gèrye Sikh yo nan batay]] === Mai Bhago === Mai Bhago, ke yo rele tou Mata Bhag Kaur, sete yon gèrye Sikh fi nan kòmansman 18yèm syèk la ki te dirije karant gason nan batay kont Anpi Mughal la epi ki te gad kò pèsonèl [[Guru Gobind Singh]] . Bhago souvan reprezante kòm yon fanm grasyeu, fò, ak yon tiban sou yon chwal, k ap mennen nan batay. Jan istwa a di a, lame Mughal la t ap chase lame Guru Gobind Singh la. Lame Mughal la te bay karant sòlda ki te sipoze pwoteje gourou a opsyon pou abandone l oswa pou yo touye yo. Sòlda yo te di Guru Gobind Singh ke yo pa t Sikh li yo epi li pa t gourou yo, epi yo te retounen nan vilaj yo. Youn nan sòlda yo, Nidhan Singh Patti, te di madanm li, Mai Bhago, sa li te fè. Li te vin fache anpil epi li te di l pou l fè travay kay la pandan l ap al goumen nan batay la. Lè mesye yo te tande nouvèl ke li te rasanble tout fanm nan vilaj la pou ale sou chan batay la, yo te vin wont epi yo te pwomèt pou yo rantre nan batay la. Mai Bhago ak sòlda yo te konnen se te yon misyon swisid men yo te vle pwoteje gourou yo a, ki te kache nan forè ki toupre a. Mai Bhago te siviv, men tout sòlda Sikh yo te mouri epi anpil nan Lame Mughal la te tonbe tou. Rès Lame Mughal la te sipoze ke Guru Gobind Singh te mouri epi yo te sispann pouswiv li. Pou fidelite ak galantri li, Mai Bhago te vin gadkò gourou a. Kòm yon senbòl bravou ak kouraj li, lans li kounye a estoke akote zam Guru Gobind Singh nan yon gurdwara nan Nanded, peyi Zend. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.discoversikhism.com/sikhs/mai_bhago.html|title=Mai Bhago {{!}} Discover Sikhism|website=www.discoversikhism.com|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> === Sistèm kas === Sistèm kas la se yon sistèm yerarchik ki distenge gwoup yo selon estati sosyal, ran, richès ak okipasyon. Pifò nan peyi Zend toujou swiv sistèm kas la malgre kèk enplikasyon pwoblèmatik li ka genyen. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[Èd:Pou ekri atik|<span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (August 2021)">egzanp nesesè</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Sik yo opoze sistèm kas la paske li kraze prensip relijye egalite yo a. [[Guru Nanak]] te kwè sistèm kas la se yon move bagay epi li te defye enstitisyon an lè li te di manas ki jat sabhe eke paihcanbo ''–'' 'rekonèt tout limanite kòm yon sèl kas nan limanite.' Anpil Sik te abandone non kas yo epi yo te chwazi pran non fanmi ''Kaur'' (dezyèm non pou tout Sik fi) oswa ''Singh'' (dezyèm non pou tout Sik gason). Abandon kas sa a te vin pwoblèmatik pou kèk Sik ki te premye eseye imigre nan [[Kanada]], paske biwo imigrasyon an pa t legalman rekonèt ''Singh'' oswa ''Kaur'' kòm non fanmi paske yo te "twò komen". Òganizasyon Mondyal Sikh la te fache anpil kont lwa sa a paske li te egzije pou fanmi Sikh yo reprann non kas yo, kidonk li te ale kont lafwa yo. Òganizasyon Mondyal Sikh la te kapab pwouve ke te gen plizyè lòt imigran ki te gen non fanmi komen men yo pa t fòse yo chanje non yo. Yo te ranvèse politik la imedyatman epi yo te jije li kòm yon malantandi. == Pwoblèm == === Egalite nan tanp lan (Gurdwara) === [[Fichye:Sikh_Temple_Manning_Drive_Edmonton_Alberta_Canada_01A.jpg|vignette|Nanaksar Gurdwara : Tanp Sikh sou Horsehills Road nan Edmonton, Alberata, Kanada.]] Nenpòt gason oswa fanm ka antre nan tanp lan e patisipe nan priyè ak resitasyon Guru Granth Sahib, ki se prensipal ekriti Sikh la. Chak tanp gen yon langar (kwizin kominotè) kote moun tout sèks, relijyon, orijin oswa etnisite akeyi pou yo manje yon repa vejetaryen gratis ansanm, sou menm nivo, pou montre prensip egalite. Malgre pa gen entèdiksyon pou gason ak fanm chita ansanm, nan pratik tradisyonèl yo souvan chita sou bò opoze nan Darbar Sahib (sal prensipal la), men tout moun rete a menm distans ak Guru Granth Sahib la. Resitasyon ekriti Sikh yo nan piblik la souvan fèt pa gason, e an jeneral se gason ki pale devan kongregasyon an. Menm si nenpòt moun ka vin granthi (lektè seremoni), kondisyon sosyal ak responsabilite familyal, tankou swen timoun, fè li pi difisil pou fanm yo pran wòl sa a. Kòm rezilta, fanm yo pi souvan wè nan wòl kizinye oswa moun k ap bay swen nan langar, pandan gason domine nan lekti piblik yo. Lè gen mwens aksè ak ankourajman pou fanm yo vin granthi, sa kreye yon enègalite nan fonksyònman tanp lan epi li limite posiblite pou chanjman nan wòl yo. Yo pa janm mansyone omoseksyalite eksplisitman nan Guru Granth Sahib la, men yo ankouraje maryaj ant gason ak fanm plizyè fwa. Sikhism pa gen okenn ansèyman espesifik sou omoseksyalite epi ekriti sakre Sikh la, Guru Granth Sahib la, pa mansyone eteroseksyalite, omoseksyalite oswa biseksyalite eksplisitman. Anpil moun te louvri sa a pou entèpretasyon, men yo diskite ke ansèyman gourou a te baze sou baz egalite pou tout moun epi omoseksyalite pa yon eksepsyon. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/relationships/sikhloveandsexrev2.shtml|title=BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Homosexuality|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206180428/http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/relationships/sikhloveandsexrev2.shtml|archive-date=December 6, 2008|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> === Avòtman nan peyi Zend === Majorite Sikh yo kondane tout fòm seleksyon sèks dapre ansèyman Guru Granth Sahib la, ki te angaje nan egalite tout moun. Pifò Sikh konsidere itilizasyon fetisid kòm yon zak diskriminasyon ak vyolans. Sepandan, anpil moun nan peyi Zend kontinye itilize fetisid epi [[Avòtman|avòte]] [[fetis]] fi paske gason yo pi dezirab epi yo pi favorize nan kilti Endyen an. Tigason yo pi dezirab pou plizyè rezon, tankou pouvwa pou touche lajan, pansyon potansyèl ak dot . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/abortion/medical/infanticide_1.shtml|title=BBC - Ethics - Abortion: Female infanticide|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> Nan Lohri, yon festival Punjabi ki make solstis ivè epi ki selebre lavi, se sèlman nesans nouvo pitit gason yo selebre. Nan Kanada, fanm ki fèt nan peyi Zend ki deja akouche de pitit fi, te akouche 192 ti gason nan Ontario pou chak 100 ti fi. Nan Punjab (peyi Sikh yo), an 2001, te gen sèlman 754 ti fi ki te fèt pou chak 1000 ti gason. Sepandan, diferans sa yo ap amelyore epi rapò ant gason ak fanm yo ap vin pi egal. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prb.org/indiasexratio/|title=Sex Ratio at Birth Begins to Improve in India – Population Reference Bureau|website=www.prb.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> == Politik cheve == === Istwa turban an === Lè yo te fonde Sikhism pou premye fwa an 1469, se lidè espirityèl ak gourou yo ki te sitou mete tiban an kòm yon senbòl estati, epi cheve ki pa koupe te yon senbòl sentete ak pouvwa espirityèl. Pandan yon peryòd boulvès ak lagè nan peyi Zend, 10yèm gourou a, [[Guru Gobind Singh]], te reyini pèp li a epi li te fòme Khalsa (pi a), yon gwoup frè ak sè Sikh batize ki devwe espirityèlman, epi apati de la, li te mande pèp li a pou swiv Senk K yo. Pi diferan e pi fasil pou rekonèt nan Senk K yo se Kesh, ki egzije pou gason ak fanm Sikh yo kenbe cheve yo san koupe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/sep/13/why-do-sikhs-wear-turbans-google-answer|title=Why do Sikhs wear turbans? You asked Google – here's the answer {{!}} Vivek Chaudhary|last=Chaudhary|first=Vivek|date=2017-09-13|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-04-10}}</ref> Tiban an te senbolize fòs espirityèl, preparasyon militè epi li te pèmèt Sikh yo ini epi diferansye tèt yo ak lòt moun. Guru Gobind Singh te vle ranfòse lefèt ke nan je Bondye, tout Sikh yo te remakab e egal. Sa te kreye yon lame gason ak fanm ki angaje pou atenn liberasyon espirityèl ak tanporèl anba Bondye. ==== Fanm ak turban ==== Nan listwa, tou de gason ak fanm nan Sikhism te sipoze swiv prensip ''Kesh'', sa vle di kenbe cheve yo san koupe. Men, nan pratik kiltirèl, pifò gason te mete turban (tiban), pandan fanm yo te tradisyonèlman kite cheve yo long san yo pa mare yo nan menm fason an. Turban an vin souvan konsidere kòm yon senbòl maskilen. Kòm rezilta, lè yon fanm chwazi mete turban, li pafwa entèprete nan kominote a kòm yon chanjman oswa yon rejè nan wòl tradisyonèl feminen yo. Sepandan, anpil fanm Sikh ki mete turban wè sa kòm yon chwa ki gen sans feminis modèn, ki defye asimilasyon kiltirèl epi ki montre idantite Sikh yo ak fyète. Yo asosye pratik sa a ak eritaj Guru Gobind Singh ak tradisyon gèrye Sikh yo, kote turban an reprezante diyite, kouraj ak respè. Pou anpil fanm, mete turban ede yo eksprime fòs ak angajman relijye yo, epi li fè yo fasil pou idantifye kòm Sikh. Li kapab tou sèvi kòm yon siy distenksyon kiltirèl ak lòt tradisyon relijye nan rejyon an. An jeneral, yo wè pratik sa a kòm yon fason pou reklame plis egalite ak respè nan entèpretasyon modèn Sikhism lan. ===== Palbinder Kaur Shergill ===== Palbinder Kaur Shergill se premye fanm Sikh ki gen turban ki nonmen [[jij]] nan Kanada. Shergill te fèt nan Punjab, peyi Zend epi li te grandi nan Williams Lake, BC. Li se yon defansè dwa moun dirijan e fanmi elaji li nan Jalandhar, peyi Zend, dirije yon sant òdinatè ak koud san bi likratif pou pòv yo. Shergill te bay konsèy legal pro-bono bay Òganizasyon Mondyal Sikh (WSO) epi li te reprezante WSO a pou plizyè ka, tankou dwa pou jèn Sikh yo mete Kirpan nan lekòl yo. Anvan yo te nonmen l jij, Shergill te dirije pwòp kabinè avoka li nan Surrey, BC. Shergill se yon manm konsèy konsiltatif nan Sikh Feminist Research Institute (SAFAR), e an 2012, yo te nonmen l Konsèy Rèn nan pou sèvis kominotè li yo. <ref name="HuffPost Canada" /> Jody Wilson-Raybould, minis jistis ak avoka jeneral nan Kanada, te nonmen Shergill kòm jij pou defans dwa moun ak pozisyon lidèchip li yo. ===== Mete yon turban nan RCMP a ===== An 1988, yon jèn gason Sikh, Baltej Singh Dhillon, te rekrite pa RCMP a, men yo te di l si l te vle travay pou yo, li te oblije retire tiban li. Dhillon te refize, men RCMP a te refize chanje règleman yo, epi an retou yo te refize ba li yon pòs. An 1990, gouvènman an te deside entèdiksyon an te kont Charte Kanadyen sou Dwa ak Libète, epi li te pèmèt Dhillon rantre nan fòs yo, ki te evantyèlman tounen yon karyè long ak siksè pou li. Sa te deklanche yon boulvèsman politik epi gwoup tankou Defansè Tradisyon RCMP Alberta a te parèt, kolekte plis pase 150,000 siyati ki opoze tiban nan RCMP a. Te gen plizyè tantativ ki te echwe nan men dwa yo pou chanje lalwa a, epi finalman mouvman an te diminye avèk letan. == Enstiti Rechèch Feminis Sikh == Enstiti Rechèch Feminis Sikh la (SAFAR) se yon òganizasyon san bi likratif ki baze nan [[Amerik dinò|Amerik di Nò]] ki angaje nan rechèch ak aktivis feminis Sikh. Li te kòmanse an 2010 nan Toronto, Kanada, pa fanm Sikh ki te konsakre tèt yo nan [[Egalite sèks|egalite]] ak [[Edikasyon timoun|edikasyon]] . Kounye a, yo gen pwogram toupatou nan Kanada epi yo òganize konferans toupatou nan Amerik di Nò. Yo gen kat pwogram diferan ki angaje nan kreye ekite sosyal atravè konvèsasyon aktif; pwogram sa yo se: * Seri Konferans Vwayaj Nou an: Seri konferans sa a eksplore plizyè sijè, relasyon ak pratik atravè pwendvi feminis Sikh yo. Seri a gen entansyon kreye yon dyalòg kritik ak yon konvèsasyon kaptivan sou Sikhism ak feminis. * Seri Konferans Lidèchip Jèn Fi: SAFAR mete tèt ansanm ak lekòl yo pou kreye yon espas pou konvèsasyon ak rezotaj ant jèn fi Sikh ak lidè fi Sikh yo. * Kaurs Talk Politics: Kaurs Talk Politics (KTP) bay fanm Sikh ( Kaurs ) yon espas pou yo defye listwa Sikh, epi pou yo bay tèt yo pouvwa atravè revandikasyon ajans sosyo-politik ak angajman Sikh anvè egalite. * Klib Liv: klib liv la kreye yon espas sou entènèt pou feminis Sikh yo li, reflechi epi diskite sou revolisyon Vasaikhi a. ak konsekans kontinyèl li yo pou egalite, sèks, ak jistis sosyal ak imanitè. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhfeministresearch.org/|title=SAFAR – The Sikh Feminist Research Institute – Research {{!}} Analysis {{!}} Praxis|website=www.sikhfeministresearch.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-09}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.sikhfeministresearch.org/ "SAFAR – The Sikh Feminist Research Institute – Research | Analysis | Praxis"]. ''www.sikhfeministresearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-09</span></span>.</cite></ref> Pwogram sa yo kreye espas an sekirite pou moun yo ka fè konvèsasyon sou politik ak relijyon atravè yon pèspektiv feminis Sikh. Atravè sit entènèt yo a, yo bay tou yon lis materyèl lekti feminis Sikh ki gen anpil valè, ansanm ak atik yo menm ekri ak sou yo. Atik yo gen entansyon pou konteste opresyon epi bay enfòmasyon enpòtan sou mouvman, pèp ak istwa Sikh. == Gade tou == * Sofia Duleep Singh * Feminis Sikh yo 2b6qtyfaqvjocx848yjfw4c6t63b338 881086 881085 2026-04-19T21:11:15Z 1104s72 38991 881086 wikitext text/x-wiki   {| class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" role="navigation" | class="sidebar-pretitle" |Part of [[:Category:Sikhism|a series]] on |- ! class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.2em; font-size:140%;" |[[Sikhism]] |- | class="sidebar-image" |[[File:Khanda.svg|lien=Khanda_(Sikh_symbol)|classe=skin-invert|123x123px|Khanda]] |- | class="sidebar-above" style="border-top:1px solid #FFC600; border-bottom:1px solid #FFC600; padding-bottom:.35em;" | * [[Sikhs|People]] * [[:Category:Sikhs|Topics]] * [[Outline of Sikhism|Outline]] * [[History of Sikhism|History]] * [[Glossary of Sikhism|Glossary]] |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[Sikh gurus]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Guru Nanak]] * [[Guru Angad]] * [[Guru Amar Das]] * [[Guru Ram Das]] * [[Guru Arjan]] * [[Guru Hargobind]] * [[Guru Har Rai]] * [[Guru Har Krishan]] * [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] * [[Guru Gobind Singh]] * [[Guru Granth Sahib]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[Bhagat|Selected revered saints]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Kabir|Bhagat Kabir]] * [[Bhagat Ravidas]] * [[Bhagat Farid]] * [[Bhagat Ramanand]] * [[Bhagat Beni]] * [[Namdev|Bhagat Namdev]] * [[Bhagat Sadhana]] * [[Bhagat Bhikhan]] * [[Bhagat Parmanand]] * [[Bhagat Sain]] * [[Bhagat Dhanna]] * [[Bhagat Pipa]] * [[Surdas|Bhagat Surdas]] * [[Jayadeva|Bhagat Jaidev]] * [[Bhagat Trilochan]] * [[Bhatt Kalshar]] * [[Bhatt Balh]] * [[Bhatt Bhalh]] * [[Bhatt Bhika]] * [[Bhatt Gayand]] * [[Bhatt Harbans]] * [[Bhatt Jalap]] * [[Bhatt Kirat]] * [[Bhatt Mathura]] * [[Bhatt Nalh]] * [[Bhatt Salh]] * [[Baba Sunder|Baba Sundar]] * [[Satta Doom]] * [[Balvand Rai]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[Sikh religious philosophy|Philosophy]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * ''[[Naam Japo]]'' * [[Kirat Karo|<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration">''Kirat Karō''</span>]] * [[Vand Chhako|<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration">''Vand Chakkō''</span>]] * [[Charhdi Kala|<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration">''Charhdi Kalā''</span>]] * ''[[Guru Maneyo Granth]]'' * [[Five Thieves]] * [[Five Virtues]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikh practices|Practices]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Sikh Rehat Maryada]] * [[Prohibitions in Sikhism|Prohibitions]] * [[Ardās]] * [[Kirtan#Sikhism|Kirtan]] * [[Amrit Velā]] * [[Dasvand]] * [[The Five Ks]] * [[Langar (Sikhism)|Langar]] * [[Seva (Indian religions)|Sewa]] * [[Simran]] * [[Nitnem]] * [[Dastar|Dastaar (Turban)]] * [[Naam Karan]] * [[Amrit Sanskar]] * [[Anand Karaj]] * [[Antam Sanskar]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikh scripture|Scripture]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * ''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'' * ''[[Dasam Granth]]'' * ''[[Sarbloh Granth]]'' * ''[[Five Banis]]'' </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikh places|Places]] and [[Panj Takht|Takhts]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Gurdwara]] * [[Harmandir Sahib]] * [[Akal Takht]] * [[Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib|Keshgarh Sahib]] * [[Takht Sri Damdama Sahib|Damdama Sahib]] * [[Takht Sri Patna Sahib|Patna Sahib]] * [[Takht Sri Hazur Sahib|Hazur Sahib]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikhism|Culture]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[:Category:Sikh literature|Literature]] * [[:Category:Sikh music|Music]] * [[Sikh names|Names]] * [[Khanda (Sikh symbol)|Khanda]] * [[Khalsa]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikhism|General topics]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Ik Onkar]] * [[Waheguru]] * [[Panj Pyare]] * [[Nirgun and Sargun (Sikhism)|Nirgun and Sargun]] * [[Nanakshahi calendar]] * [[Criticism of Sikhism|Criticism]] * [[Jathedar of Akal Takht]] * [[Dharamyudh (Sikhism)|War]] * [[Sects of Sikhism|Sects]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">Sikhism and other religions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Hinduism and Sikhism|Sikhism and Hinduism]] * [[Islam and Sikhism|Sikhism and Islam]] * [[Jainism and Sikhism|Sikhism and Jainism]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="border-top:1px solid #FFC600;border-bottom:1px solid #FFC600;padding-bottom:0.4em;" | * <span class="nowrap">[[File:P_religion_world.svg|alt=icon|classe=noviewer|17x17px]]</span> [[Portal:Religion|Religion&#x20;portal]] |- | class="sidebar-navbar" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Navbar/styles.css"></templatestyles> |} [[Sikhi]] te fonde nan Punjab an 1469 pa [[Guru Nanak]] sou fondasyon ke tout moun egal, kèlkeswa kas, laj, oswa sèks. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/nanak.shtml|title=BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Guru Nanak|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> Ni gason ni fanm sipoze swiv Senk K yo : Kesh (cheve san koupe), Kangha (peny), Kara (braslè fè), Kachera (rad koton) ak Kirpan (ponya fè), epi pa janm te gen yon distenksyon ant sa yon fanm ta dwe gen dwa fè ak yon gason nan nivo teyolojik. Gason ak fanm trete egalman nan tanp lan ( gurdwara ), epi tout moun manje epi priye kòt a kòt. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/ritesrituals/gurdwara_1.shtml|title=BBC - Religions - Sikhism: The Gurdwara|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> Ni gason ni fanm sipoze pote Kirpan an avèk yo paske yo responsab pwòp pwoteksyon fizik yo, epi yo pa ta dwe depann de lòt moun. Sik yo estrikteman kont sistèm kas la epi anpil te chwazi itilize ''Kaur'' oswa ''Singh'' kòm yon non fanmi pou pouse kont sistèm kas pwoblèmatik nan peyi Zend. Gen yon sèl dye ( Waheguru ) nan Sikis epi yo pa gen fòm oswa sèks, epi tout moun egal nan je Bondye. Anpil fanm Sikh kwè ke absans kòd konduit sa a pou yon fanm kont yon gason pwouve ke relijyon yo istorikman angaje nan egalite sèks yo. Kounye a, kilti a pa toujou swiv tradisyon sa yo epi egalite a souvan pi vre nan ideyal olye ke nan pratik chak jou. Dapre Kiman Kaur: "Li esansyèl pou pran an kont divès naratif Kaur (fanm Sikh) yo pou nou ka konprann vyolans fanm Sikh yo sibi akòz minoritasyon relijye, etnik ak sèks atravè pèmèt plis konvèsasyon entèseksyonèl." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/lifestyle/my-summer-in-dc-fighting-to-end-the-war-against-womxn-while-fighting-for-the-rights-of-sikhs-489553/|title=Editorial: Fighting to End the War Against Womxn While Fighting for the Rights of Sikhs|last=Kaur Editorial|first=Kiman|date=August 5, 2015|website=www.india.com|language=en|access-date=2021-12-30}}</ref> Nan Amerik di Nò, se gason sèlman ki swiv senk K yo; sepandan, anpil fanm ki devwe relijyon chwazi tou pou yo angaje yo nan Sikh rehni, fason lavi Sikh la. Anpil fanm Sikh chwazi tou pou yo mete yon tiban kòm yon mouvman sosyo-politik pou konbat inegalite nan relijyon an epi montre esansyèlism Sikh yo. Genyen tou gwoup ki te fòme pa Sikh yo, tankou SAFAR, ki angaje pou dekouvri ak konfwonte opresyon nan kominote Sikh la, ansanm ak retabli ekite nan kilti Sikh la. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhfeministresearch.org/|title=SAFAR – The Sikh Feminist Research Institute – Research {{!}} Analysis {{!}} Praxis|website=www.sikhfeministresearch.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> == Istwa == [[Fichye:Mai_Bhago_-SikhHeritageMuseum.jpg|gauche|vignette|Penti Mai Bhago k ap mennen gèrye Sikh yo nan batay]] === Mai Bhago === Mai Bhago, ke yo rele tou Mata Bhag Kaur, sete yon gèrye Sikh fi nan kòmansman 18yèm syèk la ki te dirije karant gason nan batay kont Anpi Mughal la epi ki te gad kò pèsonèl [[Guru Gobind Singh]] . Bhago souvan reprezante kòm yon fanm grasyeu, fò, ak yon tiban sou yon chwal, k ap mennen nan batay. Jan istwa a di a, lame Mughal la t ap chase lame Guru Gobind Singh la. Lame Mughal la te bay karant sòlda ki te sipoze pwoteje gourou a opsyon pou abandone l oswa pou yo touye yo. Sòlda yo te di Guru Gobind Singh ke yo pa t Sikh li yo epi li pa t gourou yo, epi yo te retounen nan vilaj yo. Youn nan sòlda yo, Nidhan Singh Patti, te di madanm li, Mai Bhago, sa li te fè. Li te vin fache anpil epi li te di l pou l fè travay kay la pandan l ap al goumen nan batay la. Lè mesye yo te tande nouvèl ke li te rasanble tout fanm nan vilaj la pou ale sou chan batay la, yo te vin wont epi yo te pwomèt pou yo rantre nan batay la. Mai Bhago ak sòlda yo te konnen se te yon misyon swisid men yo te vle pwoteje gourou yo a, ki te kache nan forè ki toupre a. Mai Bhago te siviv, men tout sòlda Sikh yo te mouri epi anpil nan Lame Mughal la te tonbe tou. Rès Lame Mughal la te sipoze ke Guru Gobind Singh te mouri epi yo te sispann pouswiv li. Pou fidelite ak galantri li, Mai Bhago te vin gadkò gourou a. Kòm yon senbòl bravou ak kouraj li, lans li kounye a estoke akote zam Guru Gobind Singh nan yon gurdwara nan Nanded, peyi Zend. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.discoversikhism.com/sikhs/mai_bhago.html|title=Mai Bhago {{!}} Discover Sikhism|website=www.discoversikhism.com|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> === Sistèm kas === Sistèm kas la se yon sistèm yerarchik ki distenge gwoup yo selon estati sosyal, ran, richès ak okipasyon. Pifò nan peyi Zend toujou swiv sistèm kas la malgre kèk enplikasyon pwoblèmatik li ka genyen. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[Èd:Pou ekri atik|<span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (August 2021)">egzanp nesesè</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Sik yo opoze sistèm kas la paske li kraze prensip relijye egalite yo a. [[Guru Nanak]] te kwè sistèm kas la se yon move bagay epi li te defye enstitisyon an lè li te di manas ki jat sabhe eke paihcanbo ''–'' 'rekonèt tout limanite kòm yon sèl kas nan limanite.' Anpil Sik te abandone non kas yo epi yo te chwazi pran non fanmi ''Kaur'' (dezyèm non pou tout Sik fi) oswa ''Singh'' (dezyèm non pou tout Sik gason). Abandon kas sa a te vin pwoblèmatik pou kèk Sik ki te premye eseye imigre nan [[Kanada]], paske biwo imigrasyon an pa t legalman rekonèt ''Singh'' oswa ''Kaur'' kòm non fanmi paske yo te "twò komen". Òganizasyon Mondyal Sikh la te fache anpil kont lwa sa a paske li te egzije pou fanmi Sikh yo reprann non kas yo, kidonk li te ale kont lafwa yo. Òganizasyon Mondyal Sikh la te kapab pwouve ke te gen plizyè lòt imigran ki te gen non fanmi komen men yo pa t fòse yo chanje non yo. Yo te ranvèse politik la imedyatman epi yo te jije li kòm yon malantandi. == Pwoblèm == === Egalite nan tanp lan (Gurdwara) === [[Fichye:Sikh_Temple_Manning_Drive_Edmonton_Alberta_Canada_01A.jpg|vignette|Nanaksar Gurdwara : Tanp Sikh sou Horsehills Road nan Edmonton, Alberata, Kanada.]] Nenpòt gason oswa fanm ka antre nan tanp lan e patisipe nan priyè ak resitasyon Guru Granth Sahib, ki se prensipal ekriti Sikh la. Chak tanp gen yon langar (kwizin kominotè) kote moun tout sèks, relijyon, orijin oswa etnisite akeyi pou yo manje yon repa vejetaryen gratis ansanm, sou menm nivo, pou montre prensip egalite. Malgre pa gen entèdiksyon pou gason ak fanm chita ansanm, nan pratik tradisyonèl yo souvan chita sou bò opoze nan Darbar Sahib (sal prensipal la), men tout moun rete a menm distans ak Guru Granth Sahib la. Resitasyon ekriti Sikh yo nan piblik la souvan fèt pa gason, e an jeneral se gason ki pale devan kongregasyon an. Menm si nenpòt moun ka vin granthi (lektè seremoni), kondisyon sosyal ak responsabilite familyal, tankou swen timoun, fè li pi difisil pou fanm yo pran wòl sa a. Kòm rezilta, fanm yo pi souvan wè nan wòl kizinye oswa moun k ap bay swen nan langar, pandan gason domine nan lekti piblik yo. Lè gen mwens aksè ak ankourajman pou fanm yo vin granthi, sa kreye yon enègalite nan fonksyònman tanp lan epi li limite posiblite pou chanjman nan wòl yo. Yo pa janm mansyone omoseksyalite eksplisitman nan Guru Granth Sahib la, men yo ankouraje maryaj ant gason ak fanm plizyè fwa. Sikhism pa gen okenn ansèyman espesifik sou omoseksyalite epi ekriti sakre Sikh la, Guru Granth Sahib la, pa mansyone eteroseksyalite, omoseksyalite oswa biseksyalite eksplisitman. Anpil moun te louvri sa a pou entèpretasyon, men yo diskite ke ansèyman gourou a te baze sou baz egalite pou tout moun epi omoseksyalite pa yon eksepsyon. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/relationships/sikhloveandsexrev2.shtml|title=BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Homosexuality|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206180428/http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/relationships/sikhloveandsexrev2.shtml|archive-date=December 6, 2008|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> === Avòtman nan peyi Zend === Majorite Sikh yo kondane tout fòm seleksyon sèks dapre ansèyman Guru Granth Sahib la, ki te angaje nan egalite tout moun. Pifò Sikh konsidere itilizasyon fetisid kòm yon zak diskriminasyon ak vyolans. Sepandan, anpil moun nan peyi Zend kontinye itilize fetisid epi [[Avòtman|avòte]] [[fetis]] fi paske gason yo pi dezirab epi yo pi favorize nan kilti Endyen an. Tigason yo pi dezirab pou plizyè rezon, tankou pouvwa pou touche lajan, pansyon potansyèl ak dot . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/abortion/medical/infanticide_1.shtml|title=BBC - Ethics - Abortion: Female infanticide|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> Nan Lohri, yon festival Punjabi ki make solstis ivè epi ki selebre lavi, se sèlman nesans nouvo pitit gason yo selebre. Nan Kanada, fanm ki fèt nan peyi Zend ki deja akouche de pitit fi, te akouche 192 ti gason nan Ontario pou chak 100 ti fi. Nan Punjab (peyi Sikh yo), an 2001, te gen sèlman 754 ti fi ki te fèt pou chak 1000 ti gason. Sepandan, diferans sa yo ap amelyore epi rapò ant gason ak fanm yo ap vin pi egal. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prb.org/indiasexratio/|title=Sex Ratio at Birth Begins to Improve in India – Population Reference Bureau|website=www.prb.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> == Politik cheve == === Istwa turban an === Lè yo te fonde Sikhism pou premye fwa an 1469, se lidè espirityèl ak gourou yo ki te sitou mete tiban an kòm yon senbòl estati, epi cheve ki pa koupe te yon senbòl sentete ak pouvwa espirityèl. Pandan yon peryòd boulvès ak lagè nan peyi Zend, 10yèm gourou a, [[Guru Gobind Singh]], te reyini pèp li a epi li te fòme Khalsa (pi a), yon gwoup frè ak sè Sikh batize ki devwe espirityèlman, epi apati de la, li te mande pèp li a pou swiv Senk K yo. Pi diferan e pi fasil pou rekonèt nan Senk K yo se Kesh, ki egzije pou gason ak fanm Sikh yo kenbe cheve yo san koupe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/sep/13/why-do-sikhs-wear-turbans-google-answer|title=Why do Sikhs wear turbans? You asked Google – here's the answer {{!}} Vivek Chaudhary|last=Chaudhary|first=Vivek|date=2017-09-13|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-04-10}}</ref> Tiban an te senbolize fòs espirityèl, preparasyon militè epi li te pèmèt Sikh yo ini epi diferansye tèt yo ak lòt moun. Guru Gobind Singh te vle ranfòse lefèt ke nan je Bondye, tout Sikh yo te remakab e egal. Sa te kreye yon lame gason ak fanm ki angaje pou atenn liberasyon espirityèl ak tanporèl anba Bondye. ==== Fanm ak turban ==== Nan listwa, tou de gason ak fanm nan Sikhism te sipoze swiv prensip ''Kesh'', sa vle di kenbe cheve yo san koupe. Men, nan pratik kiltirèl, pifò gason te mete turban (tiban), pandan fanm yo te tradisyonèlman kite cheve yo long san yo pa mare yo nan menm fason an. Turban an vin souvan konsidere kòm yon senbòl maskilen. Kòm rezilta, lè yon fanm chwazi mete turban, li pafwa entèprete nan kominote a kòm yon chanjman oswa yon rejè nan wòl tradisyonèl feminen yo. Sepandan, anpil fanm Sikh ki mete turban wè sa kòm yon chwa ki gen sans feminis modèn, ki defye asimilasyon kiltirèl epi ki montre idantite Sikh yo ak fyète. Yo asosye pratik sa a ak eritaj Guru Gobind Singh ak tradisyon gèrye Sikh yo, kote turban an reprezante diyite, kouraj ak respè. Pou anpil fanm, mete turban ede yo eksprime fòs ak angajman relijye yo, epi li fè yo fasil pou idantifye kòm Sikh. Li kapab tou sèvi kòm yon siy distenksyon kiltirèl ak lòt tradisyon relijye nan rejyon an. An jeneral, yo wè pratik sa a kòm yon fason pou reklame plis egalite ak respè nan entèpretasyon modèn Sikhism lan. ===== Palbinder Kaur Shergill ===== Palbinder Kaur Shergill se premye fanm Sikh ki gen turban ki nonmen [[jij]] nan Kanada. Shergill te fèt nan Punjab, peyi Zend epi li te grandi nan Williams Lake, BC. Li se yon defansè dwa moun dirijan e fanmi elaji li nan Jalandhar, peyi Zend, dirije yon sant òdinatè ak koud san bi likratif pou pòv yo. Shergill te bay konsèy legal pro-bono bay Òganizasyon Mondyal Sikh (WSO) epi li te reprezante WSO a pou plizyè ka, tankou dwa pou jèn Sikh yo mete Kirpan nan lekòl yo. Anvan yo te nonmen l jij, Shergill te dirije pwòp kabinè avoka li nan Surrey, BC. Shergill se yon manm konsèy konsiltatif nan Sikh Feminist Research Institute (SAFAR), e an 2012, yo te nonmen l Konsèy Rèn nan pou sèvis kominotè li yo. <ref name="HuffPost Canada" /> Jody Wilson-Raybould, minis jistis ak avoka jeneral nan Kanada, te nonmen Shergill kòm jij pou defans dwa moun ak pozisyon lidèchip li yo. ===== Mete yon turban nan RCMP a ===== An 1988, yon jèn gason Sikh, Baltej Singh Dhillon, te rekrite pa RCMP a, men yo te di l si l te vle travay pou yo, li te oblije retire tiban li. Dhillon te refize, men RCMP a te refize chanje règleman yo, epi an retou yo te refize ba li yon pòs. An 1990, gouvènman an te deside entèdiksyon an te kont Charte Kanadyen sou Dwa ak Libète, epi li te pèmèt Dhillon rantre nan fòs yo, ki te evantyèlman tounen yon karyè long ak siksè pou li. Sa te deklanche yon boulvèsman politik epi gwoup tankou Defansè Tradisyon RCMP Alberta a te parèt, kolekte plis pase 150,000 siyati ki opoze tiban nan RCMP a. Te gen plizyè tantativ ki te echwe nan men dwa yo pou chanje lalwa a, epi finalman mouvman an te diminye avèk letan. == Enstiti Rechèch Feminis Sikh == Enstiti Rechèch Feminis Sikh la (SAFAR) se yon òganizasyon san bi likratif ki baze nan [[Amerik dinò|Amerik di Nò]] ki angaje nan rechèch ak aktivis feminis Sikh. Li te kòmanse an 2010 nan Toronto, Kanada, pa fanm Sikh ki te konsakre tèt yo nan [[Egalite sèks|egalite]] ak [[Edikasyon timoun|edikasyon]] . Kounye a, yo gen pwogram toupatou nan Kanada epi yo òganize konferans toupatou nan Amerik di Nò. Yo gen kat pwogram diferan ki angaje nan kreye ekite sosyal atravè konvèsasyon aktif; pwogram sa yo se: * Seri Konferans Vwayaj Nou an: Seri konferans sa a eksplore plizyè sijè, relasyon ak pratik atravè pwendvi feminis Sikh yo. Seri a gen entansyon kreye yon dyalòg kritik ak yon konvèsasyon kaptivan sou Sikhism ak feminis. * Seri Konferans Lidèchip Jèn Fi: SAFAR mete tèt ansanm ak lekòl yo pou kreye yon espas pou konvèsasyon ak rezotaj ant jèn fi Sikh ak lidè fi Sikh yo. * Kaurs Talk Politics: Kaurs Talk Politics (KTP) bay fanm Sikh ( Kaurs ) yon espas pou yo defye listwa Sikh, epi pou yo bay tèt yo pouvwa atravè revandikasyon ajans sosyo-politik ak angajman Sikh anvè egalite. * Klib Liv: klib liv la kreye yon espas sou entènèt pou feminis Sikh yo li, reflechi epi diskite sou revolisyon Vasaikhi a. ak konsekans kontinyèl li yo pou egalite, sèks, ak jistis sosyal ak imanitè. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhfeministresearch.org/|title=SAFAR – The Sikh Feminist Research Institute – Research {{!}} Analysis {{!}} Praxis|website=www.sikhfeministresearch.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-09}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.sikhfeministresearch.org/ "SAFAR – The Sikh Feminist Research Institute – Research | Analysis | Praxis"]. ''www.sikhfeministresearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-09</span></span>.</cite></ref> Pwogram sa yo kreye espas an sekirite pou moun yo ka fè konvèsasyon sou politik ak relijyon atravè yon pèspektiv feminis Sikh. Atravè sit entènèt yo a, yo bay tou yon lis materyèl lekti feminis Sikh ki gen anpil valè, ansanm ak atik yo menm ekri ak sou yo. Atik yo gen entansyon pou konteste opresyon epi bay enfòmasyon enpòtan sou mouvman, pèp ak istwa Sikh. == Gade tou == * Sofia Duleep Singh * Feminis Sikh yo fn5xces6iixwzooeneayix5flbin6n1 881087 881086 2026-04-19T21:12:18Z 1104s72 38991 881087 wikitext text/x-wiki   {| class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" role="navigation" | class="sidebar-pretitle" |Part of [[:Category:Sikhism|a series]] on |- ! class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.2em; font-size:140%;" |[[Sikhism]] |- | class="sidebar-image" |[[File:Khanda.svg|lien=Khanda_(Sikh_symbol)|classe=skin-invert|123x123px|Khanda]] |- | class="sidebar-above" style="border-top:1px solid #FFC600; border-bottom:1px solid #FFC600; padding-bottom:.35em;" | * [[Sikhs|People]] * [[:Category:Sikhs|Topics]] * [[Outline of Sikhism|Outline]] * [[History of Sikhism|History]] * [[Glossary of Sikhism|Glossary]] |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[Sikh gurus]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Guru Nanak]] * [[Guru Angad]] * [[Guru Amar Das]] * [[Guru Ram Das]] * [[Guru Arjan]] * [[Guru Hargobind]] * [[Guru Har Rai]] * [[Guru Har Krishan]] * [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] * [[Guru Gobind Singh]] * [[Guru Granth Sahib]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[Bhagat|Selected revered saints]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Kabir|Bhagat Kabir]] * [[Bhagat Ravidas]] * [[Bhagat Farid]] * [[Bhagat Ramanand]] * [[Bhagat Beni]] * [[Namdev|Bhagat Namdev]] * [[Bhagat Sadhana]] * [[Bhagat Bhikhan]] * [[Bhagat Parmanand]] * [[Bhagat Sain]] * [[Bhagat Dhanna]] * [[Bhagat Pipa]] * [[Surdas|Bhagat Surdas]] * [[Jayadeva|Bhagat Jaidev]] * [[Bhagat Trilochan]] * [[Bhatt Kalshar]] * [[Bhatt Balh]] * [[Bhatt Bhalh]] * [[Bhatt Bhika]] * [[Bhatt Gayand]] * [[Bhatt Harbans]] * [[Bhatt Jalap]] * [[Bhatt Kirat]] * [[Bhatt Mathura]] * [[Bhatt Nalh]] * [[Bhatt Salh]] * [[Baba Sunder|Baba Sundar]] * [[Satta Doom]] * [[Balvand Rai]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[Sikh religious philosophy|Philosophy]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * ''[[Naam Japo]]'' * [[Kirat Karo|<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration">''Kirat Karō''</span>]] * [[Vand Chhako|<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration">''Vand Chakkō''</span>]] * [[Charhdi Kala|<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration">''Charhdi Kalā''</span>]] * ''[[Guru Maneyo Granth]]'' * [[Five Thieves]] * [[Five Virtues]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikh practices|Practices]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Sikh Rehat Maryada]] * [[Prohibitions in Sikhism|Prohibitions]] * [[Ardās]] * [[Kirtan#Sikhism|Kirtan]] * [[Amrit Velā]] * [[Dasvand]] * [[The Five Ks]] * [[Langar (Sikhism)|Langar]] * [[Seva (Indian religions)|Sewa]] * [[Simran]] * [[Nitnem]] * [[Dastar|Dastaar (Turban)]] * [[Naam Karan]] * [[Amrit Sanskar]] * [[Anand Karaj]] * [[Antam Sanskar]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikh scripture|Scripture]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * ''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'' * ''[[Dasam Granth]]'' * ''[[Sarbloh Granth]]'' * ''[[Five Banis]]'' </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikh places|Places]] and [[Panj Takht|Takhts]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Gurdwara]] * [[Harmandir Sahib]] * [[Akal Takht]] * [[Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib|Keshgarh Sahib]] * [[Takht Sri Damdama Sahib|Damdama Sahib]] * [[Takht Sri Patna Sahib|Patna Sahib]] * [[Takht Sri Hazur Sahib|Hazur Sahib]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikhism|Culture]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[:Category:Sikh literature|Literature]] * [[:Category:Sikh music|Music]] * [[Sikh names|Names]] * [[Khanda (Sikh symbol)|Khanda]] * [[Khalsa]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">[[:Category:Sikhism|General topics]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Ik Onkar]] * [[Waheguru]] * [[Panj Pyare]] * [[Nirgun and Sargun (Sikhism)|Nirgun and Sargun]] * [[Nanakshahi calendar]] * [[Criticism of Sikhism|Criticism]] * [[Jathedar of Akal Takht]] * [[Dharamyudh (Sikhism)|War]] * [[Sects of Sikhism|Sects]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">Sikhism and other religions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * [[Hinduism and Sikhism|Sikhism and Hinduism]] * [[Islam and Sikhism|Sikhism and Islam]] * [[Jainism and Sikhism|Sikhism and Jainism]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="border-top:1px solid #FFC600;border-bottom:1px solid #FFC600;padding-bottom:0.4em;" | * <span class="nowrap">[[File:P_religion_world.svg|alt=icon|classe=noviewer|17x17px]]</span> [[Portal:Religion|Religion&#x20;portal]] |- | class="sidebar-navbar" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Navbar/styles.css"></templatestyles> |} [[Sikhi]] te fonde nan Punjab an 1469 pa [[Guru Nanak]] sou fondasyon ke tout moun egal, kèlkeswa kas, laj, oswa sèks. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/nanak.shtml|title=BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Guru Nanak|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> Ni gason ni fanm sipoze swiv Senk K yo : Kesh (cheve san koupe), Kangha (peny), [[Kara (Sikhi)|Kara]] (braslè fè), Kachera (rad koton) ak Kirpan (ponya fè), epi pa janm te gen yon distenksyon ant sa yon fanm ta dwe gen dwa fè ak yon gason nan nivo teyolojik. Gason ak fanm trete egalman nan tanp lan ( gurdwara ), epi tout moun manje epi priye kòt a kòt. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/ritesrituals/gurdwara_1.shtml|title=BBC - Religions - Sikhism: The Gurdwara|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> Ni gason ni fanm sipoze pote Kirpan an avèk yo paske yo responsab pwòp pwoteksyon fizik yo, epi yo pa ta dwe depann de lòt moun. Sik yo estrikteman kont sistèm kas la epi anpil te chwazi itilize ''Kaur'' oswa ''Singh'' kòm yon non fanmi pou pouse kont sistèm kas pwoblèmatik nan peyi Zend. Gen yon sèl dye ( Waheguru ) nan Sikis epi yo pa gen fòm oswa sèks, epi tout moun egal nan je Bondye. Anpil fanm Sikh kwè ke absans kòd konduit sa a pou yon fanm kont yon gason pwouve ke relijyon yo istorikman angaje nan egalite sèks yo. Kounye a, kilti a pa toujou swiv tradisyon sa yo epi egalite a souvan pi vre nan ideyal olye ke nan pratik chak jou. Dapre Kiman Kaur: "Li esansyèl pou pran an kont divès naratif Kaur (fanm Sikh) yo pou nou ka konprann vyolans fanm Sikh yo sibi akòz minoritasyon relijye, etnik ak sèks atravè pèmèt plis konvèsasyon entèseksyonèl." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/lifestyle/my-summer-in-dc-fighting-to-end-the-war-against-womxn-while-fighting-for-the-rights-of-sikhs-489553/|title=Editorial: Fighting to End the War Against Womxn While Fighting for the Rights of Sikhs|last=Kaur Editorial|first=Kiman|date=August 5, 2015|website=www.india.com|language=en|access-date=2021-12-30}}</ref> Nan Amerik di Nò, se gason sèlman ki swiv senk K yo; sepandan, anpil fanm ki devwe relijyon chwazi tou pou yo angaje yo nan Sikh rehni, fason lavi Sikh la. Anpil fanm Sikh chwazi tou pou yo mete yon tiban kòm yon mouvman sosyo-politik pou konbat inegalite nan relijyon an epi montre esansyèlism Sikh yo. Genyen tou gwoup ki te fòme pa Sikh yo, tankou SAFAR, ki angaje pou dekouvri ak konfwonte opresyon nan kominote Sikh la, ansanm ak retabli ekite nan kilti Sikh la. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhfeministresearch.org/|title=SAFAR – The Sikh Feminist Research Institute – Research {{!}} Analysis {{!}} Praxis|website=www.sikhfeministresearch.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> == Istwa == [[Fichye:Mai_Bhago_-SikhHeritageMuseum.jpg|gauche|vignette|Penti Mai Bhago k ap mennen gèrye Sikh yo nan batay]] === Mai Bhago === Mai Bhago, ke yo rele tou Mata Bhag Kaur, sete yon gèrye Sikh fi nan kòmansman 18yèm syèk la ki te dirije karant gason nan batay kont Anpi Mughal la epi ki te gad kò pèsonèl [[Guru Gobind Singh]] . Bhago souvan reprezante kòm yon fanm grasyeu, fò, ak yon tiban sou yon chwal, k ap mennen nan batay. Jan istwa a di a, lame Mughal la t ap chase lame Guru Gobind Singh la. Lame Mughal la te bay karant sòlda ki te sipoze pwoteje gourou a opsyon pou abandone l oswa pou yo touye yo. Sòlda yo te di Guru Gobind Singh ke yo pa t Sikh li yo epi li pa t gourou yo, epi yo te retounen nan vilaj yo. Youn nan sòlda yo, Nidhan Singh Patti, te di madanm li, Mai Bhago, sa li te fè. Li te vin fache anpil epi li te di l pou l fè travay kay la pandan l ap al goumen nan batay la. Lè mesye yo te tande nouvèl ke li te rasanble tout fanm nan vilaj la pou ale sou chan batay la, yo te vin wont epi yo te pwomèt pou yo rantre nan batay la. Mai Bhago ak sòlda yo te konnen se te yon misyon swisid men yo te vle pwoteje gourou yo a, ki te kache nan forè ki toupre a. Mai Bhago te siviv, men tout sòlda Sikh yo te mouri epi anpil nan Lame Mughal la te tonbe tou. Rès Lame Mughal la te sipoze ke Guru Gobind Singh te mouri epi yo te sispann pouswiv li. Pou fidelite ak galantri li, Mai Bhago te vin gadkò gourou a. Kòm yon senbòl bravou ak kouraj li, lans li kounye a estoke akote zam Guru Gobind Singh nan yon gurdwara nan Nanded, peyi Zend. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.discoversikhism.com/sikhs/mai_bhago.html|title=Mai Bhago {{!}} Discover Sikhism|website=www.discoversikhism.com|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> === Sistèm kas === Sistèm kas la se yon sistèm yerarchik ki distenge gwoup yo selon estati sosyal, ran, richès ak okipasyon. Pifò nan peyi Zend toujou swiv sistèm kas la malgre kèk enplikasyon pwoblèmatik li ka genyen. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[Èd:Pou ekri atik|<span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (August 2021)">egzanp nesesè</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Sik yo opoze sistèm kas la paske li kraze prensip relijye egalite yo a. [[Guru Nanak]] te kwè sistèm kas la se yon move bagay epi li te defye enstitisyon an lè li te di manas ki jat sabhe eke paihcanbo ''–'' 'rekonèt tout limanite kòm yon sèl kas nan limanite.' Anpil Sik te abandone non kas yo epi yo te chwazi pran non fanmi ''Kaur'' (dezyèm non pou tout Sik fi) oswa ''Singh'' (dezyèm non pou tout Sik gason). Abandon kas sa a te vin pwoblèmatik pou kèk Sik ki te premye eseye imigre nan [[Kanada]], paske biwo imigrasyon an pa t legalman rekonèt ''Singh'' oswa ''Kaur'' kòm non fanmi paske yo te "twò komen". Òganizasyon Mondyal Sikh la te fache anpil kont lwa sa a paske li te egzije pou fanmi Sikh yo reprann non kas yo, kidonk li te ale kont lafwa yo. Òganizasyon Mondyal Sikh la te kapab pwouve ke te gen plizyè lòt imigran ki te gen non fanmi komen men yo pa t fòse yo chanje non yo. Yo te ranvèse politik la imedyatman epi yo te jije li kòm yon malantandi. == Pwoblèm == === Egalite nan tanp lan (Gurdwara) === [[Fichye:Sikh_Temple_Manning_Drive_Edmonton_Alberta_Canada_01A.jpg|vignette|Nanaksar Gurdwara : Tanp Sikh sou Horsehills Road nan Edmonton, Alberata, Kanada.]] Nenpòt gason oswa fanm ka antre nan tanp lan e patisipe nan priyè ak resitasyon Guru Granth Sahib, ki se prensipal ekriti Sikh la. Chak tanp gen yon langar (kwizin kominotè) kote moun tout sèks, relijyon, orijin oswa etnisite akeyi pou yo manje yon repa vejetaryen gratis ansanm, sou menm nivo, pou montre prensip egalite. Malgre pa gen entèdiksyon pou gason ak fanm chita ansanm, nan pratik tradisyonèl yo souvan chita sou bò opoze nan Darbar Sahib (sal prensipal la), men tout moun rete a menm distans ak Guru Granth Sahib la. Resitasyon ekriti Sikh yo nan piblik la souvan fèt pa gason, e an jeneral se gason ki pale devan kongregasyon an. Menm si nenpòt moun ka vin granthi (lektè seremoni), kondisyon sosyal ak responsabilite familyal, tankou swen timoun, fè li pi difisil pou fanm yo pran wòl sa a. Kòm rezilta, fanm yo pi souvan wè nan wòl kizinye oswa moun k ap bay swen nan langar, pandan gason domine nan lekti piblik yo. Lè gen mwens aksè ak ankourajman pou fanm yo vin granthi, sa kreye yon enègalite nan fonksyònman tanp lan epi li limite posiblite pou chanjman nan wòl yo. Yo pa janm mansyone omoseksyalite eksplisitman nan Guru Granth Sahib la, men yo ankouraje maryaj ant gason ak fanm plizyè fwa. Sikhism pa gen okenn ansèyman espesifik sou omoseksyalite epi ekriti sakre Sikh la, Guru Granth Sahib la, pa mansyone eteroseksyalite, omoseksyalite oswa biseksyalite eksplisitman. Anpil moun te louvri sa a pou entèpretasyon, men yo diskite ke ansèyman gourou a te baze sou baz egalite pou tout moun epi omoseksyalite pa yon eksepsyon. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/relationships/sikhloveandsexrev2.shtml|title=BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Homosexuality|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206180428/http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/relationships/sikhloveandsexrev2.shtml|archive-date=December 6, 2008|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> === Avòtman nan peyi Zend === Majorite Sikh yo kondane tout fòm seleksyon sèks dapre ansèyman Guru Granth Sahib la, ki te angaje nan egalite tout moun. Pifò Sikh konsidere itilizasyon fetisid kòm yon zak diskriminasyon ak vyolans. Sepandan, anpil moun nan peyi Zend kontinye itilize fetisid epi [[Avòtman|avòte]] [[fetis]] fi paske gason yo pi dezirab epi yo pi favorize nan kilti Endyen an. Tigason yo pi dezirab pou plizyè rezon, tankou pouvwa pou touche lajan, pansyon potansyèl ak dot . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/abortion/medical/infanticide_1.shtml|title=BBC - Ethics - Abortion: Female infanticide|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> Nan Lohri, yon festival Punjabi ki make solstis ivè epi ki selebre lavi, se sèlman nesans nouvo pitit gason yo selebre. Nan Kanada, fanm ki fèt nan peyi Zend ki deja akouche de pitit fi, te akouche 192 ti gason nan Ontario pou chak 100 ti fi. Nan Punjab (peyi Sikh yo), an 2001, te gen sèlman 754 ti fi ki te fèt pou chak 1000 ti gason. Sepandan, diferans sa yo ap amelyore epi rapò ant gason ak fanm yo ap vin pi egal. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prb.org/indiasexratio/|title=Sex Ratio at Birth Begins to Improve in India – Population Reference Bureau|website=www.prb.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> == Politik cheve == === Istwa turban an === Lè yo te fonde Sikhism pou premye fwa an 1469, se lidè espirityèl ak gourou yo ki te sitou mete tiban an kòm yon senbòl estati, epi cheve ki pa koupe te yon senbòl sentete ak pouvwa espirityèl. Pandan yon peryòd boulvès ak lagè nan peyi Zend, 10yèm gourou a, [[Guru Gobind Singh]], te reyini pèp li a epi li te fòme Khalsa (pi a), yon gwoup frè ak sè Sikh batize ki devwe espirityèlman, epi apati de la, li te mande pèp li a pou swiv Senk K yo. Pi diferan e pi fasil pou rekonèt nan Senk K yo se Kesh, ki egzije pou gason ak fanm Sikh yo kenbe cheve yo san koupe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/sep/13/why-do-sikhs-wear-turbans-google-answer|title=Why do Sikhs wear turbans? You asked Google – here's the answer {{!}} Vivek Chaudhary|last=Chaudhary|first=Vivek|date=2017-09-13|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-04-10}}</ref> Tiban an te senbolize fòs espirityèl, preparasyon militè epi li te pèmèt Sikh yo ini epi diferansye tèt yo ak lòt moun. Guru Gobind Singh te vle ranfòse lefèt ke nan je Bondye, tout Sikh yo te remakab e egal. Sa te kreye yon lame gason ak fanm ki angaje pou atenn liberasyon espirityèl ak tanporèl anba Bondye. ==== Fanm ak turban ==== Nan listwa, tou de gason ak fanm nan Sikhism te sipoze swiv prensip ''Kesh'', sa vle di kenbe cheve yo san koupe. Men, nan pratik kiltirèl, pifò gason te mete turban (tiban), pandan fanm yo te tradisyonèlman kite cheve yo long san yo pa mare yo nan menm fason an. Turban an vin souvan konsidere kòm yon senbòl maskilen. Kòm rezilta, lè yon fanm chwazi mete turban, li pafwa entèprete nan kominote a kòm yon chanjman oswa yon rejè nan wòl tradisyonèl feminen yo. Sepandan, anpil fanm Sikh ki mete turban wè sa kòm yon chwa ki gen sans feminis modèn, ki defye asimilasyon kiltirèl epi ki montre idantite Sikh yo ak fyète. Yo asosye pratik sa a ak eritaj Guru Gobind Singh ak tradisyon gèrye Sikh yo, kote turban an reprezante diyite, kouraj ak respè. Pou anpil fanm, mete turban ede yo eksprime fòs ak angajman relijye yo, epi li fè yo fasil pou idantifye kòm Sikh. Li kapab tou sèvi kòm yon siy distenksyon kiltirèl ak lòt tradisyon relijye nan rejyon an. An jeneral, yo wè pratik sa a kòm yon fason pou reklame plis egalite ak respè nan entèpretasyon modèn Sikhism lan. ===== Palbinder Kaur Shergill ===== Palbinder Kaur Shergill se premye fanm Sikh ki gen turban ki nonmen [[jij]] nan Kanada. Shergill te fèt nan Punjab, peyi Zend epi li te grandi nan Williams Lake, BC. Li se yon defansè dwa moun dirijan e fanmi elaji li nan Jalandhar, peyi Zend, dirije yon sant òdinatè ak koud san bi likratif pou pòv yo. Shergill te bay konsèy legal pro-bono bay Òganizasyon Mondyal Sikh (WSO) epi li te reprezante WSO a pou plizyè ka, tankou dwa pou jèn Sikh yo mete Kirpan nan lekòl yo. Anvan yo te nonmen l jij, Shergill te dirije pwòp kabinè avoka li nan Surrey, BC. Shergill se yon manm konsèy konsiltatif nan Sikh Feminist Research Institute (SAFAR), e an 2012, yo te nonmen l Konsèy Rèn nan pou sèvis kominotè li yo. <ref name="HuffPost Canada" /> Jody Wilson-Raybould, minis jistis ak avoka jeneral nan Kanada, te nonmen Shergill kòm jij pou defans dwa moun ak pozisyon lidèchip li yo. ===== Mete yon turban nan RCMP a ===== An 1988, yon jèn gason Sikh, Baltej Singh Dhillon, te rekrite pa RCMP a, men yo te di l si l te vle travay pou yo, li te oblije retire tiban li. Dhillon te refize, men RCMP a te refize chanje règleman yo, epi an retou yo te refize ba li yon pòs. An 1990, gouvènman an te deside entèdiksyon an te kont Charte Kanadyen sou Dwa ak Libète, epi li te pèmèt Dhillon rantre nan fòs yo, ki te evantyèlman tounen yon karyè long ak siksè pou li. Sa te deklanche yon boulvèsman politik epi gwoup tankou Defansè Tradisyon RCMP Alberta a te parèt, kolekte plis pase 150,000 siyati ki opoze tiban nan RCMP a. Te gen plizyè tantativ ki te echwe nan men dwa yo pou chanje lalwa a, epi finalman mouvman an te diminye avèk letan. == Enstiti Rechèch Feminis Sikh == Enstiti Rechèch Feminis Sikh la (SAFAR) se yon òganizasyon san bi likratif ki baze nan [[Amerik dinò|Amerik di Nò]] ki angaje nan rechèch ak aktivis feminis Sikh. Li te kòmanse an 2010 nan Toronto, Kanada, pa fanm Sikh ki te konsakre tèt yo nan [[Egalite sèks|egalite]] ak [[Edikasyon timoun|edikasyon]] . Kounye a, yo gen pwogram toupatou nan Kanada epi yo òganize konferans toupatou nan Amerik di Nò. Yo gen kat pwogram diferan ki angaje nan kreye ekite sosyal atravè konvèsasyon aktif; pwogram sa yo se: * Seri Konferans Vwayaj Nou an: Seri konferans sa a eksplore plizyè sijè, relasyon ak pratik atravè pwendvi feminis Sikh yo. Seri a gen entansyon kreye yon dyalòg kritik ak yon konvèsasyon kaptivan sou Sikhism ak feminis. * Seri Konferans Lidèchip Jèn Fi: SAFAR mete tèt ansanm ak lekòl yo pou kreye yon espas pou konvèsasyon ak rezotaj ant jèn fi Sikh ak lidè fi Sikh yo. * Kaurs Talk Politics: Kaurs Talk Politics (KTP) bay fanm Sikh ( Kaurs ) yon espas pou yo defye listwa Sikh, epi pou yo bay tèt yo pouvwa atravè revandikasyon ajans sosyo-politik ak angajman Sikh anvè egalite. * Klib Liv: klib liv la kreye yon espas sou entènèt pou feminis Sikh yo li, reflechi epi diskite sou revolisyon Vasaikhi a. ak konsekans kontinyèl li yo pou egalite, sèks, ak jistis sosyal ak imanitè. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhfeministresearch.org/|title=SAFAR – The Sikh Feminist Research Institute – Research {{!}} Analysis {{!}} Praxis|website=www.sikhfeministresearch.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-09}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.sikhfeministresearch.org/ "SAFAR – The Sikh Feminist Research Institute – Research | Analysis | Praxis"]. ''www.sikhfeministresearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-09</span></span>.</cite></ref> Pwogram sa yo kreye espas an sekirite pou moun yo ka fè konvèsasyon sou politik ak relijyon atravè yon pèspektiv feminis Sikh. Atravè sit entènèt yo a, yo bay tou yon lis materyèl lekti feminis Sikh ki gen anpil valè, ansanm ak atik yo menm ekri ak sou yo. Atik yo gen entansyon pou konteste opresyon epi bay enfòmasyon enpòtan sou mouvman, pèp ak istwa Sikh. == Gade tou == * Sofia Duleep Singh * Feminis Sikh yo n2zx7pc2jbvtuo8yngirtzepa82vvk1 0 97422 881088 2026-04-19T21:22:28Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345678448|Hukamnama]] » 881088 wikitext text/x-wiki    Yon '''Hukamnama''' ( Punjabi : ਹੁਕਮਨਾਮਾ, tradiksyon: ''Hukamanāmā'' ) refere a yon kantik Guru Granth Sahib la bay kòm yon enjonksyon, yon lòd, oswa yon dek pou Sikh yo . Li refere tou a dek ki soti nan Takht kontanporen yo. Nan sans istorik la, yo te itilize li pou refere a yon kòmandman, yon enstriksyon, yon enjonksyon, yon lòd, oswa yon dek ki te bay pa youn nan Guru Sikh yo oswa disip ak asosye yo pandan lavi yo. Jodi a, apre peryòd gourou imen yo, Hukumnama a refere a yon kantik ki soti nan yon paj bò gòch Guru Granth Sahib la chwazi o aza chak jou nan maten. Sa a konsidere kòm lòd Bondye pou jou patikilye sa a. Yo distribye Hukamnama a epi li l byen fò nan Gurdwara atravè lemond. Vèsè ki soti nan seremoni sa a rele '''Vak''' oswa '''Hukam''' . == Etimoloji == Hukamnama, se yon konpoze ak de mo ''hukam'', ki vle di kòmand oswa lòd, ak ''namah'', ki vle di deklarasyon. == Istwa == [[Fichye:Hukamnama_manuscript_(historically_issued_edict,_order,_or_injunction_by_the_Sikh_gurus)_02.jpg|vignette|Yon ''Hukamnama'' atribiye a Guru Tegh Bahadur adrese nan kongregasyon lokal la nan Varanasi, ca.1665-1675]] Tradisyon pou pibliye ''hukamnamas yo'' te kòmanse nan kòmansman disetyèm syèk la, pandan epòk Guru Hargobind. Dokiman hukamana ki pi ansyen ki egziste yo date depi lè li te guru. Sepandan, Gurinder Singh Mann sijere ke jan literati hukamnama a te anvan peryòd sizyèm gouru Sikh la, petèt peryòd Guru Amar Das, dapre yon maniskri ki konsève nan Inivèsite Guru Nanak Dev, Amritsar. [ nòt 1 ] <ref name=":3" /> Hukamnama yo te lèt oswa dekrè Guru Sikh yo te voye bay sangats (kongregasyon oswa fanmi espesifik). Yo te kouvri divès sijè tankou prensip konduit etik Sikh yo (''rehat''), òganizasyon sosyo-relijye kominote a, epi pafwa demann materyèl tankou lò oswa chwal pou sipòte bezwen kominote a, espesyalman nan zòn byen lwen. Hukamnama yo te gen yon estrikti regilye. Yo te kòmanse ak yon envokasyon pou Akal Purakh oswa Waheguru. Apre sa, yo te adrese kongregasyon an dirèkteman, ki te gen ladann non lidè yo, chèf fanmi yo, e nan kèk ka menm fanm yo. Lè sa fini, yo te bay enstriksyon klè sou sa ki dwe fèt. Kongregasyon yo ak fanmi ki te resevwa hukamnama sa yo te trete yo avèk anpil respè, epi yo te konsève yo kòm dokiman sakre ak siy gidans espirityèl ak otorite relijye. Pandan peryòd Guru Gobind Singh te sou pouvwa a, yo te pibliye hukamnamas sa yo tankou dekrè wayal ki soti Anandpur. Guru a te konn dikte sa ki te pou ekri epi yon skrib te konn ekri l fizikman sou fòm lèt la. <ref name=":3" /> Pafwa, yo te konn dekore lèt yo ak limyè . <ref name=":3" /> Yo te bay chak lèt yon nimewo seri espesifik anvan yo te voye yo bay moun ki t ap resevwa yo a. <ref name=":3" /> == Koleksyon ak rechèch == Hukamnama yo se lòd oswa enstriksyon Sikh Gurus yo te bay pandan lavi yo, epi plizyè ladan yo te konsève epi etidye nan diferan ekriti pa entelektyèl. Yon koleksyon hukamnama yo souvan asosye ak Randhir Singh, e rechèch akademik sistematik sou dokiman sa yo te kòmanse sèlman nan kòmansman 20yèm syèk la. Apre lanmò Guru Gobind Singh, lòt figi enpòtan tankou Mata Sahib Kaur ak Banda Singh Bahadur te kontinye bay hukamnama. Anplis sa, plizyè fanm respektab nan listwa Sikh te kontribye tou nan tradisyon sa a. Pa egzanp, gen hukamnama ki asosye ak Mata Gujari, Mata Sundari, ak Mata Sahib Devan. Sa montre ke fanm te gen yon wòl enpòtan nan kominikasyon espirityèl ak administrasyon kominote Sikh la. Bibliyotèk Referans Sikh ki sitiye nan Amritsar la te gen anpil hukamnama otantik. Yo te pèdi apre evènman Operasyon Blue Star an 1984. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/the-missing-chapter-of-1984-book-by-book-sikh-library-struggles-to-restore-glory/story-UR8vtp08NrjVpE8eK4ag0N.html|title=The missing chapter of 1984: Book by book, Sikh Reference Library struggles to restore glory|date=2018-06-06|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2022-09-11}}</ref> Ganda Singh ak Shamsher Singh Ashok te etidye epi pibliye koleksyon sa a nan de liv separe nan fen ane 1960 yo. {{Sfn|Sagar|2002}} Gen yon koleksyon hukamnama ki konsève nan koleksyon Buta Singh, desandan premye gadyen fanmi Bhai Rupa a. Dapre Chawla (2024), hukamnamas istorik yo se "dokiman istorik ki gen anpil valè", piske anpil ladan yo te date kòrèkteman pa eskrib orijinal la, sa bay enfòmasyon konsènan dat sèten evènman nan listwa Sikh, sa ki ede kreye yon kwonoloji apwopriye nan listwa Sikh. Anplis de sa, non moun yo adrese yo ak kote yo mansyone yo ka ede ak rekonstriksyon demografik ak pwopagasyon Sikhism byen bonè a. Anplis de sa, yo itil pou etidye devlopman literati pwoz Punjabi ak ekriti Gurmukhi.    == Galri == <gallery> Fichye:Hukamnama_issued_by_Guru_Gobind_Singh_in_1699_on_the_date_of_Samat_1756,_Magh_Pravaste_9.jpg|alt=Illuminated hukamnama issued by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699 on the date of Samat 1756, Magh Pravaste 9| Hukamnama eklere ki te pibliye pa Guru Gobind Singh an 1699 nan dat Samat 1756, Magh Pravaste 9 Fichye:Issued_edict_(hukamnama)_of_Banda_Singh_Bahadur_containing_his_official_seal_at_top_of_page.jpg|alt=Issued edict (hukamnama) of Banda Singh Bahadur containing his official seal at top of page| Edik (hukamnama) Banda Singh Bahadur te pibliye a, ki gen so ofisyèl li anlè paj la. </gallery> == Gade tou == * Gurmata, yon tèm yo itilize pou refere a rezolisyon obligatwa ki soti nan Sarbat Khalsa a. * Sistèm Rakhi a, taks pwoteksyon Konfederasyon Sikh la te aplike a * Hukam jzwxftfqacr2x60m2dlntget4d1ukjj 0 97423 881089 2026-04-19T21:32:14Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1219255479|Satta Doom]] » 881089 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Satta Doom''' ( ki te viv nan fen 16yèm syèk rive nan kòmansman 17yèm syèk), yo te rele tou '''Satta Dum''', te yon tanbouyè epi otè uit vèsè yo jwenn nan Guru Granth Sahib la. == Biyografi == Li te fèt nan yon fanmi Mizilman Doom-Mirasi Doom-Mirasi. Li te kòmanse sèvi kòm mizisyen pou Sikhism pandan epòk Guru Angad la. Nan sèvis li, li te jwe tanbou, pandan frè li Balvand Rai te yon rababi, yon mizisyen rebab. Gen kèk tradisyon ki prezante Satta tou kòm rababi menm jan ak frè li, pandan lòt sous pa dakò sou si yo te vrèman frè oswa si yo te gen lyen san. Tou de Satta ak Balvand te konn jwe kirtan nan Guru Darbar Gurou yo. Nan yon peryòd, yo te kite sèvis Guru a, men apre yo te fè fas ak difikilte, yo te retounen epi yo te jwenn padon. Apre retou yo, yo te konpoze imn penitans ki rekonèt erè yo, ki vin fè pati Guru Granth Sahib. Konpozisyon yo, ki atribiye a Satta ak Balvand ansanm, parèt nan paj 966–968 nan Guru Granth Sahib la anba tit ''Ramkali ki Vaar Rai Balvand tathā Sattē Doom''. Nan im li yo, li te mete aksan sou kontinite gourou a soti nan Nanak rive nan Angad, li te fè referans a Angad kòm si li te chita sou <nowiki><i id="mwSg">takht</i></nowiki> (twon) Nanak la. Li fè lwanj tou pou senk premye gourou Sikh yo. == Gade tou == * Jori (enstriman) * Pakhawaj * Mizik Sikh * Babak (Rababi) * Bhai Mardana 0oxv194wd4royhbwl1hu8v7ksmmn2ec 0 97424 881091 2026-04-19T21:42:44Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349439928|Dharam Singh (Sikhism)]] » 881091 wikitext text/x-wiki     '''Dharam Singh''' (1666–1708), ki te fèt sou non '''Dharam Das''', sete youn nan premye Panj Pyare yo oubyen Senk Byeneme yo, predesesè Khalsa yo. == Biyografi == Li te fèt nan Chaudhary Sant Ram ak Mai Sabho nan vilaj Hastinapur, ki jodi a nan distri Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, peyi Zend. Li te soti nan kominote Saini caste nan tradisyon Endou. Dapre pi ansyen sous istorik yo, yo te plase li nan katriyèm pozisyon nan gwoup inogirasyon Panj Pyare yo. Sepandan, kèk sous ki vin apre chanje naratif la e yo te monte pozisyon li nan dezyèm plas nan menm gwoup la. Dharam Singh te reyini epi akonpaye Guru a nan rejyon Malwa a apre Dezyèm Batay Chamkaur la . Li menm, ansanm ak Bhai Daya Singh, se te de Sikh yo ki te responsab pou delivre lèt ''Zafarnama'' Guru a bay anperè Mughal Aurangzeb . Yo te voye yo swa soti nan vilaj Kangar, Bathinda oswa nan vilaj Dina, Moga, pou rezon sa a. <ref name=":02" /> <ref name=":12" /> Yo te wè li kòm reyenkanasyon Bhagat Dhanna nan premye literati Sikh yo. [[Kategori:Lanmò 1708]] 7sy074k0fqeynbthum6c5vgj2en739l 0 97425 881092 2026-04-19T21:43:01Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349439928|Dharam Singh (Sikhism)]] » 881092 wikitext text/x-wiki     '''Dharam Singh''' (1666–1708), ki te fèt sou non '''Dharam Das''', sete youn nan premye Panj Pyare yo oubyen Senk Byeneme yo, predesesè Khalsa yo. == Biyografi == Li te fèt nan Chaudhary Sant Ram ak Mai Sabho nan vilaj Hastinapur, ki jodi a nan distri Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, peyi Zend. Li te soti nan kominote Saini caste nan tradisyon Endou. Dapre pi ansyen sous istorik yo, yo te plase li nan katriyèm pozisyon nan gwoup inogirasyon Panj Pyare yo. Sepandan, kèk sous ki vin apre chanje naratif la e yo te monte pozisyon li nan dezyèm plas nan menm gwoup la. Dharam Singh te reyini epi akonpaye Guru a nan rejyon Malwa a apre Dezyèm Batay Chamkaur la . Li menm, ansanm ak Bhai Daya Singh, se te de Sikh yo ki te responsab pou delivre lèt ''Zafarnama'' Guru a bay anperè Mughal Aurangzeb . Yo te voye yo swa soti nan vilaj Kangar, Bathinda oswa nan vilaj Dina, Moga, pou rezon sa a. <ref name=":02" /> <ref name=":12" /> Yo te wè li kòm reyenkanasyon Bhagat Dhanna nan premye literati Sikh yo. [[Kategori:Lanmò 1708]] 7sy074k0fqeynbthum6c5vgj2en739l 0 97426 881093 2026-04-19T21:56:35Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349717582|Guru Tegh Bahadur]] » 881093 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Fichye:Guru_Teg_bahadur_ji.jpg|vignette|456x456px|Vi enteryè Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib la]] Guru Tegh Bahadur ( Punjabi : ਗੁਰੂ '''ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ''' <small>( Gurmukhi )</small> ; ; 1 avril 1621&nbsp;– 11 Novanm 1675) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhs.org/guru9.htm|title=The Ninth Master Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621–1675)|website=sikhs.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107050930/http://www.sikhs.org/guru9.htm|archive-date=7 January 2019|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref> te nevyèm nan dis gourou ki te fonde relijyon Sikh la epi li te lidè Sikh yo soti nan 1665 jiska yo te koupe tèt li an 1675. Li te fèt nan Amritsar, Punjab, peyi Zend an 1621 epi li te pi jèn pitit gason Guru Hargobind, sizyèm gourou Sikh la. Konsidere kòm yon gèrye ki gen prensip e ki pa pè anyen, li te yon savan espirityèl ak yon powèt ki gen 115 im ki enkli nan Guru Granth Sahib la, ki se tèks prensipal Sikhism nan. Li te fondatè Anandpur Sahib an 1664. Yo te egzekite Guru Tegh Bahadur sou lòd Aurangzeb, sizyèm anperè Mughal la, nan Delhi, peyi Zend. <ref name="bbcgtb">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/teghbahadur.shtml|title=Religions – Sikhism: Guru Tegh Bahadur|publisher=[[BBC]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414075330/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/teghbahadur.shtml|archive-date=14 April 2017|access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref> Lwa sakre Sikh yo , Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib ak Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib nan Delhi, make kote yo te egzekite ak kremasyon Guru Tegh Bahadur. Yo komemore jou mati li a ( ''Shaheedi Divas'' ) nan peyi Zend chak ane nan dat 24 novanm. Sous istorik yo pa dakò sou rezon konfli ki te genyen ant Guru Tegh Bahadur ak Aurangzeb, epi sou ekzekisyon Guru a ki te vin apre a. Istwa Sikh yo di ke Guru a te defann libète ak dwa moun ki pa Mizilman yo kont politik entolerans Aurangzeb yo, alòske istwa Mughal yo di ke Guru a t ap kolekte taks pa fòs nan men moun ki pa Mizilman nan rejyon Punjab la. Anplis de sa, manm fanmi Guru a ki te pretandan pou pozisyon guru a te jwe yon wòl nan pwovoke ostilite Aurangzeb anvè Guru a. == Biyografi == === Premye lavi === Guru Tegh Bahadur te fèt ''Tyag Mal'' (Tīāg Mal) ( Punjabi ) nan Amritsar nan dat 1ye avril 1621. Li te pi jèn pitit gason Guru Hargobind, sizyèm gouru a. <ref name=":3" /> : 27 Fanmi li te fè pati klan [[Sodhi]] Khatris la. Hargobind te gen yon pitit fi, Bibi Viro, ak senk pitit gason: Baba Gurditta, Suraj Mal, Ani Rai, Atal Rai, ak Tyag Mal. Li te bay Tyag Mal non ''Tegh Bahadur'' (Epe Brav) apre Tyag Mal te montre kouraj li nan batay Kartarpur kont Mughal yo. Tegh Bahadur te grandi nan kilti Sikh la epi li te resevwa fòmasyon nan tire flèch ak monte cheval . Yo te anseye l tou ansyen klasik yo tankou Veda yo, Upanishad yo, ak Purana yo. Li te marye ak Gujri nan dat 3 fevriye 1632. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2025)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Nan ane 1640 yo, lè Guru Hargobind te prèt pou mouri, li menm ak madanm li Nanaki te demenaje nan vilaj zansèt li a, Bakala, nan distri Amritsar, ansanm ak Tegh Bahadur ak Gujri. Apre lanmò Hargobind, Tegh Bahadur te kontinye viv nan Bakala ak madanm li ak manman l. === Vin Guru Sikh yo === Nan mwa mas 1664, Guru Har Krishan te pran varyòl . Lè disip li yo te mande kiyès ki t ap dirije yo apre li, li te di, " ''Baba Bakala'' ", sa vle di siksesè li a t ap nan Bakala. Pwofite anbigwite nan pawòl gouru ki t ap mouri a, anpil moun te enstale tèt yo nan Bakala, yo te pretann yo se nouvo gouru a. Sik yo te sezi wè tout moun sa yo ki t ap reklame plas li. [[Fichye:Fresco_depicting_Bhai_Makhan_Shah_Labana_finding_Guru_Tegh_Bahadur,_with_a_young-lad_and_Mata_Nanaki,_from_Gurdwara_Baba_Bakala_(2).png|vignette|Fresko ki montre Bhai Makhan Shah Labana jwenn Guru Tegh Bahadur, ak Mata Nanaki, ki soti nan Gurdwara Baba Bakala.]] Tradisyon Sikh la rakonte yon istwa sou kijan Guru Tegh Bahadur te rekonèt kòm nevyèm Guru a. Yon machann rich ki rele Makhan Shah Labana te fè yon ve pou l ofri 500 pyès lò bay vrè Guru Sikh la apre li te chape yon nofraj. Pou chèche Guru a, li te ale nan Bakala, kote plizyè moun t ap reklame tit la. Makhan Shah te deside teste yo: li te bese tèt li devan chak pretandan epi li te ofri sèlman de pyès lò, paske li te kwè vrè Guru a ta konnen ve an silans li te fè a. Chak moun li te rankontre te aksepte ti ofrann lan san reyaksyon, sa ki fè li doute sou otantisite yo. Finalman, li te rive kote Guru Tegh Bahadur te ye nan Bakala. Li te fè menm ti ofrann de pyès lò yo, epi Guru a te imedyatman fè konnen ke sa pa t konplè, paske ve a te pou 500 pyès lò. Sa te konfime Makhan Shah ke li te jwenn vrè Guru a. Anpil kont di Makhan Shah te vin tèlman kontan li te monte sou do kay la epi li te rele byen fò: “Guru ladho re, Guru ladho re” — sa vle di “Mwen jwenn Guru a, mwen jwenn Guru a.” Nan mwa Out 1664, yon kongregasyon Sikh ki te dirije pa Diwan Dargha Mal, pitit gason yon disip Har Krishan byen koni, te rive Bakala epi yo te nonmen Tegh Bahadur kòm nevyèm gourou Sikh yo. Jan sa te konn fèt pami Sikh yo apre ekzekisyon Guru Arjan pa Anperè Mughal Jahangir la, Guru Tegh Bahadur te antoure pa gadkò ame, men sinon li te viv yon vi ki te sevè. === Vwayaj === Guru Tegh Bahadur te vwayaje anpil nan diferan pati nan soukontinan Endyen an, tankou [[Daka|Dhaka]] ak Assam, pou preche ansèyman [[Guru Nanak]], premye gourou Sikh la. Kote li te vizite ak rete yo te vin tounen tanp Sikh. Pandan vwayaj li yo, li te kòmanse yon kantite pi dlo kominotè ak ''langar'' (kwizin kominotè pou pòv yo). Tegh Bahadur te vizite vil Mathura, Agra, Allahabad ak Varanasi. Pitit gason li a, [[Guru Gobind Singh]], ki t ap vin dizyèm gourou Sikh la, te fèt nan [[Patna]] an 1666 pandan li te nan Dhubri, Assam, kote Gurdwara Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib la ye kounye a. Pandan li te nan Assam, resi Sikh yo fè konnen gourou a te negosye lapè ant Raja Ram Singh ak chèf Ahom Raja Chakradhwaj Singha (Supangmung). Apre vizit li nan Assam, Bengal, ak Bihar, Guru Tegh Bahadur te vizite Rani Champa nan Bilaspur, ki te ofri pou l bay Guru a yon moso tè nan eta li. Guru a te achte sit la pou 500 roupi . La, li te fonde vil Anandpur Sahib nan pye mòn Himalaya yo. <ref name="bbcgtb">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/teghbahadur.shtml|title=Religions – Sikhism: Guru Tegh Bahadur|publisher=[[BBC]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414075330/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/teghbahadur.shtml|archive-date=14 April 2017|access-date=20 October 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/teghbahadur.shtml "Religions – Sikhism: Guru Tegh Bahadur"]. [[BBC]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170414075330/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/teghbahadur.shtml Archived] from the original on 14 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> An 1672, Tegh Bahadur te vwayaje nan rejyon Malwa a ak alantou li pou l rankontre mas yo pandan pèsekisyon moun ki pa Mizilman yo te rive nan nouvo nivo. == Egzekisyon == === Naratif === Nan tradisyon Sikh la, anpil entelektyèl dekri yon naratif kote yon gwoup Pandit Kashmiri te vin mande Guru Tegh Bahadur èd kont pèsekisyon ak presyon relijye anba règ Aurangzeb. Yo di Guru a te pran desizyon pou defann libète relijye yo ak pwoteksyon moun ki t ap soufri, menm si li pa t nan menm relijyon ak yo. Dapre kèk kont istorik, gwoup la te gen anviwon 500 moun e yo te dirije pa Pandit Kirpa Ram. Yo te pote plent sou sitiyasyon difisil yo te rankontre anba administrasyon Mughal la, epi nan chèche èd espirityèl, yo te vin jwenn Guru Tegh Bahadur kòm yon senbòl jistis ak konpasyon. Guru a te kite baz li nan Makhowal pou l te reponn apèl sa a pou defans dwa relijye yo. Li te arete nan Ropar epi pita kenbe nan Sirhind, epi yo te mennen l Delhi. Yo te mande li swa pou montre yon mirak oswa pou konvèti, men li te refize fè konpwomi sou kwayans li oswa sou prensip li yo. Menm nan prizon, li te rete fèm nan defans verite ak libète relijye. Twa konpayon li yo te soufri anpil tòti devan je li, men yo te kenbe lafwa yo. Finalman, li menm Guru Tegh Bahadur te egzekite piblikman nan Chandni Chowk, Delhi, nan dat 11 novanm 1675. Nan tradisyon Sikh la, aksyon li yo sonje kòm yon gwo egzanp kouraj moral ak sakrifis pou pwoteje dwa lòt moun pou yo pratike lafwa yo lib, menm nan fas danje ak lanmò. === Istoryografi === [[Fichye:Painting_depicting_the_execution_of_Guru_Tegh_Bahadur.jpg|vignette|Penti ki dekri ekzekisyon Guru Tegh Bahadur nan Chandni Chowk, Delhi .]] [[Fichye:Head_of_Guru_Tegh_Bahadar_is_brought_to_Anandpur_by_Sikhs.jpg|vignette|Atizay fresk ki montre tèt Guru Tegh Bahadar ke Sikh yo te pote nan Anandpur.]]   Plis resi Sikh sou ekzekisyon Guru Tegh Bahadur, tout pretann yo soti nan "temwayaj Sikh ki merite konfyans", se sèlman nan fen dizwityèm syèk la yo te kòmanse parèt, e konsa, souvan yo kontradiktwa, dapre istoryen Satish Chandra . <ref name="sc2001">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm|title=Guru Tegh Bahadur's martyrdom|last=Chandra|first=Satish|website=[[The Hindu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020228135707/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm|archive-date=28 February 2002|access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref> Sous Pès ak Mughal yo soutni ke Guru a te yon bandi ki te piye ak kraze Punjab ansanm ak aktivite rebèl li yo te presipite ekzekisyon li. Dapre Chandra, pi ansyen sous Pès ki rakonte ekzekisyon li a se ''Siyar-ul-Mutakhkherin'' pa Ghulam Husain Khan anviwon 1782, kote yo di opresyon (swadizan) Tegh Bahadur te fè sou sijè yo te lakòz kòlè Aurangzeb <ref name="sc2001">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm|title=Guru Tegh Bahadur's martyrdom|last=Chandra|first=Satish|website=[[The Hindu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020228135707/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm|archive-date=28 February 2002|access-date=20 October 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChandra">Chandra, Satish. [https://web.archive.org/web/20020228135707/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm "Guru Tegh Bahadur's martyrdom"]. ''[[The Hindu]]''. Archived from [http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm the original] on 28 February 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref>   Chandra avèti kont pran agiman Ghulam Husain nan pou valè nominal, paske Ghulam Husain te yon fanmi Alivardi Khan — youn nan konfidan ki pi pwòch Aurangzeb — e li te ka bay yon "jistifikasyon ofisyèl". <ref name="sc2001">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm|title=Guru Tegh Bahadur's martyrdom|last=Chandra|first=Satish|website=[[The Hindu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020228135707/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm|archive-date=28 February 2002|access-date=20 October 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChandra">Chandra, Satish. [https://web.archive.org/web/20020228135707/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm "Guru Tegh Bahadur's martyrdom"]. ''[[The Hindu]]''. Archived from [http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm the original] on 28 February 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Siyar-ul-Mutakhkherin|title=Siyar-ul-Mutakhkherin – Banglapedia|website=en.banglapedia.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918151706/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Siyar-ul-Mutakhkherin|archive-date=18 September 2021|access-date=2021-09-18}}</ref> Epitou, swadizan asosyasyon Guru a ak Hafiz Adam se anakwonik. Chandra ekri tou ke resi Ghulam Husain nan mete anprizònman ak ekzekisyon Guru Tegh Bahadur nan Lahore, alòske tradisyon Sikh la mete l nan Delhi, e Chandra pa jwenn okenn rezon pou rejte tradisyon sa a. <ref name="sc2001" /> ''Sakhi'' Sikh yo (kont tradisyonèl) ki te ekri pandan dizwityèm syèk la sipòte endirèkteman naratif ki nan sous Pès yo, yo di ke "Guru a te nan yon opozisyon vyolan ak dirijan Mizilman peyi a" an repons a politik dogmatik Aurangzeb te aplike yo. Tou de sous Pès yo ak Sikh yo dakò ke Guru Tegh Bahadur te opoze militèman eta Mughal la e pakonsekan li te sib pou egzekisyon an akò ak zèl Aurangzeb pou pini lènmi eta a. Bhimsen, yon kronikè kontanporen Guru Gobind Singh, te ekri (anviwon 1708) {{Sfn|Grewal|2001}} ke siksesè Guru Nanak yo te kenbe yon vi ekstravagan, e kèk nan yo, tankou Tegh Bahadur, te revòlte kont leta a: Tegh Bahadur te pwoklame tèt li Padshah e li te vin gen yon gwo patizan, kòm rezilta, Aurangzeb te fè egzekite li. ''Ibratnama Muhammad Qasim nan,'' ki te ekri an 1723, {{Sfn|Grewal|2001}} te deklare ke tandans relijye Tegh Bahadur ansanm ak lavi splè li ak konfere souverènte pa disip li yo te fè yo kondane epi egzekite li. {{Sfn|Grewal|2001}} Kroniker Sohan Lal Suri, istoryen tribinal Ranjit Singh la, nan ''Umdat ut Tawarikh'' majistral li a (anviwon 1805) te chwazi repete agiman Ghulam Husain Khan an jeneral: li deklare ke Guru a te genyen plizyè milye disip sòlda ak kavalye pandan vwayaj li yo ant 1672 ak 1673 nan sid Punjab, esansyèlman li te gen yon lame nomadik, epi li te bay abri pou rebèl ki te reziste kont reprezantan Mughal yo. Yo te avèti Aurangzeb sou aktivite sa yo kòm yon kòz enkyetid ki ta ka mennen nan ensureksyon oswa rebelyon epi pou elimine menas Guru a nan premye okazyon an. <ref name="sc2001">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm|title=Guru Tegh Bahadur's martyrdom|last=Chandra|first=Satish|website=[[The Hindu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020228135707/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm|archive-date=28 February 2002|access-date=20 October 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChandra">Chandra, Satish. [https://web.archive.org/web/20020228135707/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm "Guru Tegh Bahadur's martyrdom"]. ''[[The Hindu]]''. Archived from [http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm the original] on 28 February 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Chandra ekri ke kontrèman ak tèm dominan sa a nan literati Sikh la, kèk resi Sikh pre-modèn te mete responsablite a sou yon dispit siksesyon ki te chofe: Ram Rai, gran frè Guru Har Krishan, te konsidere kòm moun ki te pouse Aurangzeb kont Tegh Bahadur lè li te sijere li pou l pwouve grandè espirityèl li lè l fè mirak nan Lakou a. <ref name="sc2001">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm|title=Guru Tegh Bahadur's martyrdom|last=Chandra|first=Satish|website=[[The Hindu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020228135707/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm|archive-date=28 February 2002|access-date=20 October 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChandra">Chandra, Satish. [https://web.archive.org/web/20020228135707/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm "Guru Tegh Bahadur's martyrdom"]. ''[[The Hindu]]''. Archived from [http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm the original] on 28 February 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> [ b ] [[Fichye:Detail_of_a_mural_from_Gurdwara_Baba_Atal_Rai_depicting_Guru_Tegh_Bahadar_and_a_young_Guru_Gobind_Singh_receiving_a_delegation_of_Kashmiri_Pandits_whom_petition_their_help_against_religious_persecution.jpg|vignette|Detay sou yon miray ki soti nan Gurdwara Baba Atal Rai ki dekri Guru Tegh Bahadar ak yon jèn Guru Gobind Singh (ke yo te konnen kòm Gobind Das oswa Gobind Rai lè sa a) k ap resevwa yon delegasyon Pandit Kachmir ki mande èd yo kont pèsekisyon relijye Endou Kachmir yo pa Anpi Mughal la. Fresk sa a pèdi depi lè sa a.]] Satish Chandra eksprime dout sou otantisite meta-narasyon sa yo, ki santre sou mirak — Aurangzeb pa t kwè nan yo, dapre Chandra. Li eksprime dout tou konsènan naratif pèsekisyon Endou yo nan Kachmir nan resi Sikh yo, li fè remake ke pa gen okenn sous kontanporen ki mansyone pèsekisyon Endou yo la. <ref name="sc2001">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm|title=Guru Tegh Bahadur's martyrdom|last=Chandra|first=Satish|website=[[The Hindu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020228135707/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm|archive-date=28 February 2002|access-date=20 October 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChandra">Chandra, Satish. [https://web.archive.org/web/20020228135707/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm "Guru Tegh Bahadur's martyrdom"]. ''[[The Hindu]]''. Archived from [http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm the original] on 28 February 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Louis E. Fenech refize bay okenn jijman, akòz mank sous prensipal yo; sepandan, li fè remake ke resi Sikh sa yo te kode mati nan evènman yo, ak yon objektif pou pwovoke fyète olye de chòk nan lektè yo. Li diskite tou ke Tegh Bahadur te sakrifye tèt li pou pwòp lafwa li, li di ke ''janju'' ak ''tilak'' yo mansyone nan yon pasaj nan Bachittar Natak la fè referans a pwòp fil sakre Tegh Bahadur ak mak devan li. Barbara Metcalf fè remake ke lyen familyal Tegh Bahadur ak Dara Shikoh (Aurangzeb te konvoke Guru Har Rai epi pita Guru Har Krishan nan tribinal li pou eksplike sipò yo te bay Shikoh la, ansanm ak pwoselitism li ak lefèt ke li te yon òganizatè militè, te envoke jistifikasyon politik ak islamik pou ekzekisyon an. [[Fichye:Aurangzeb_sitting_on_his_throne,_receiving_the_news_of_the_martyrdom_of_Guru_Tegh_Bahadur_and_the_Guru’s_companions,_Bhai_Mati_Das_and_Bhai_Dayala_Das_at_Delhi’s_Chandi_Chowk.jpg|vignette|Aurangzeb chita sou twòn li, k ap resevwa nouvèl mati Guru Tegh Bahadur ak konpayon Guru yo, Bhai Mati Das ak Bhai Dayala Das nan Chandi Chowk Delhi. Penti pa Basahatullah, pent tribinal Maharaja Nabha a, anviwon 19yèm syèk la.]] == Eritaj ak moniman == [[Fichye:Gurdwara_Rakabganj_Sahib,_Delhi.jpg|vignette|300x300px|Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib, Delhi]] Guru Tegh Bahadur te konpoze 116 im nan 15 ''raga'' (mezir mizikal), epi pitit gason l lan, Guru Gobind Singh, te mete im sa yo nan Guru Granth Sahib (paj 219–1427). Yo kouvri yon pakèt sijè espirityèl, tankou atachman imen, kò a, lespri a, lapenn, diyite, sèvis, lanmò ak delivrans. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/festivals/guru-tegh-bahadur-s-martyrdom-day-2022-8-powerful-quotes-by-the-ninth-sikh-guru-101669217215300.html|title=Guru Tegh Bahadur's Martyrdom Day 2022: 8 powerful quotes by the ninth Sikh Guru|date=2022-11-23|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2022-11-24}}</ref> Guru Tegh Bahadur te bati vil Anandpur Sahib epi li te responsab pou sove yon faksyon Pandit Kachmir, ki t ap sibi pèsekisyon nan men Mughal yo. Apre Anperè Mughal Aurangzeb te fin ekzekite Guru Tegh Bahadur, yo te bati yon kantite gurudwara Sikh an memwa li menm ak asosye li yo. Yo te bati Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib nan Chandni Chowk, Delhi, kote yo te koupe tèt li a. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/guru-tegh-bahadur-the-ninth-sikh-guru-who-sacrificed-himself-for-religious-freedom/324938/|title=Guru Tegh Bahadur — the ninth Sikh guru who sacrificed himself for religious freedom|last=John|first=Rachel|date=2019-11-24|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|access-date=2023-01-25}}</ref> Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib, ki tou nan Delhi, te bati kote youn nan disip Guru Tegh Bahadur yo te boule kay li pou l te ka boule kò Guru a. <ref name=":4" /> Gurdwara Sisganj Sahib nan Punjab make kote, an Novanm 1675, yo te boule tèt Guru Tegh Bahadur, ki te mouri matir, apre Bhai Jaita (yo te chanje non l Bhai Jiwan Singh dapre rit Sikh yo ) te pote l la, yon fason pou dezobeyi otorite Mughal Aurangzeb la. Ekzekisyon Guru Tegh Bahadur la te ranfòse rezolisyon Sikh yo kont dominasyon ak pèsekisyon Mizilman yo. Pashaura Singh deklare ke "si mati Guru Arjan te ede rasanble Sikh Panth la, mati Guru Tegh Bahadur la te ede fè pwoteksyon dwa moun santral nan idantite Sikh li a". Wilfred Smith te deklare ke "tantativ pou konvèti nevyèm Guru a ak fòs nan yon Islam ekstènalize ak enpèsonèl te fè yon enpresyon endéléb sou pitit gason nèf an mati a, Gobind, ki te reyaji dousman men volontèman lè li te finalman òganize gwoup Sikh la nan yon kominote distenk, fòmèl, ak modèl senbòl". Li te inogire idantite Khalsa a. Nan youn nan travay powetik li yo, powèt klasik Punjabi a, Bulleh Shah, te refere a Guru Tegh Bahadur kòm " Ghazi ", yon tit onorifik pou yon gèrye. Chandra Sain Sainapati, yon powèt nan tribinal [[Guru Gobind Singh]], te dekri Tegh Bahadur kòm "Srisht ki Chadar" (pwotektè limanite). Tit ki pi resan yo te bay Tegh Bahadur yo enkli ''Dharam di Chadar'' (pwotektè dharma ) ak ''Hind di Chadar'' (pwotektè peyi Zend oswa Endouyis), byenke Harinder Singh nan Sikh Research Institute diskite ke tit sa yo rediksyon. Nan peyi Zend, yo selebre 24 novanm kòm Jounen Mati Guru Tegh Bahadur ( ''Shaheedi Diwas'' ). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/guru-tegh-bahadur-martyrdom-day/|title=Guru Tegh Bahadur Martyrdom Day 2022: Revelation From Guru Granth Sahib Ji|last=NEWS|first=SA|date=2022-11-24|website=SA News Channel|language=en-US|access-date=2022-11-24}}</ref> Nan sèten pati nan peyi Zend, jou sa a nan ane a se yon jou ferye piblik. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnh.nic.in/Docs/14Dec2015/HolidayNotification2016.pdf|title=Letter from Administration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, U.T.|website=Dnh.nic.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806124235/http://www.dnh.nic.in/Docs/14Dec2015/HolidayNotification2016.pdf|archive-date=6 August 2016|access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://arunachalipr.gov.in/GH_Restricted.htm|title=LIST OF RESTRICTED HOLIDAYS 2016|website=Arunachalipr.gov.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108090922/http://arunachalipr.gov.in/GH_Restricted.htm|archive-date=8 November 2016|access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://himachal.nic.in/en-IN/holidays-2016.html|title=HP Government – Holidays – Government of Himachal Pradesh, India|date=13 June 2016|website=Himachal.nic.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101172904/http://himachal.nic.in/en-IN/holidays-2016.html|archive-date=1 November 2016|access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref> Yo sonje Guru Tegh Bahadur paske li te bay lavi li pou pwoteje libète moun ki t ap sibi opresyon yo pou yo pratike pwòp relijyon yo. <ref name="bbcgtb">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/teghbahadur.shtml|title=Religions – Sikhism: Guru Tegh Bahadur|publisher=[[BBC]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414075330/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/teghbahadur.shtml|archive-date=14 April 2017|access-date=20 October 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/teghbahadur.shtml "Religions – Sikhism: Guru Tegh Bahadur"]. [[BBC]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170414075330/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/teghbahadur.shtml Archived] from the original on 14 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> == Galri == <gallery> Fichye:Guru_Tegh_Bahadur,_fresco_from_Qila_Mubarak.jpg|alt=Guru Tegh Bahadur, fresco from Qila Mubarak.| Guru Tegh Bahadur, frèsk soti nan Qila Mubarak. Fichye:Portrait_of_Guru_Tegh_Bahadur_in_the_Pahari_style.jpg|alt=Portrait of Guru Tegh Bahadur in the Pahari style.| Pòtre Guru Tegh Bahadur nan style Pahari. Fichye:Guru_Tegh_Bahadur,_the_Ninth_Sikh_Guru.jpg|alt=18th century painting of Guru Tegh Bahadur.| Penti Guru Tegh Bahadur nan 18tyèm syèk la. Fichye:A_19th_century_painting_depicting_Guru_Tegh_Bahadur.jpg|alt=19th century painting depicting Guru Tegh Bahadur.| Penti 19yèm syèk ki reprezante Guru Tegh Bahadur. Fichye:Guru_Tegh_Bahadur,_Pahari_painting.png|alt=Guru Tegh Bahadur, Pahari painting. Gouache on paper.| Guru Tegh Bahadur, penti Pahari. Gouache sou papye. Fichye:Guru_Tegh_Bahadur_painting_from_the_family_workshop_of_Nainsukh_of_Guler.jpg|alt=Guru Tegh Bahadur painting from the family workshop of Nainsukh of Guler.| Penti Guru Tegh Bahadur ki soti nan atelye fanmi Nainsukh nan Guler. Fichye:Portrait_of_Guru_Tegh_Bahadur.jpg|alt=Portrait of Guru Tegh Bahadur from the last quarter of the 19th century.| Pòtrè Guru Tegh Bahadur ki soti nan dènye ka 19yèm syèk la. </gallery> [[Kategori:Sikhi]] [[Kategori:Sikhis]] [[Kategori:Sikh]] [[Kategori:Guru (mèt espirityèl)]] ryux1mbvmvtt5k3deuozlhjevq6a8xu 0 97427 881094 2026-04-19T22:59:51Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345918179|Banda Singh Bahadur]] » 881094 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Banda Singh Bahadur''' (fèt '''Lachman Dev''' ; 27 oktòb 1670 – 9 jen 1716) te yon kòmandan militè Sikh nan Lame Khalsa a. A laj de 15 an, li te kite kay li pou l vin yon asèt, epi yo te ba li non '''Madho Das Bairagi''' . Li te etabli yon monastè nan Nānded, sou bò larivyè Godāvarī a. An 1707, [[Guru Gobind Singh]] te aksepte yon envitasyon pou l rankontre Anperè Mughal Bahadur Shah I nan sid peyi Zend, li te vizite Banda Singh Bahadur an 1708. Banda te vin disip Guru Gobind Singh epi yo te ba li yon nouvo non, '''Gurbaksh Singh''' ''(jan sa ekri nan Mahan Kosh )'', apre seremoni batèm nan. Li popilèman konnen kòm Banda Singh Bahadur. Guru a te ba li senk flèch kòm yon benediksyon pou batay ki t ap vini yo. Li te vin Khanda, Sonipat epi li te rasanble yon fòs konba epi li te dirije lit kont Anpi Mughal la. Premye gwo aksyon li te fè se te piye kapital pwovens Mughal la, Samana, an Novanm 1709. <ref name="eos">{{Cite web|url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/BANDA%20SINGH%20BAHADUR%20%281670-1716%29.html|title=Banda Singh Bahadur|last=Ganda Singh|website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism|publisher=Punjabi University Patiala|access-date=27 January 2014}}</ref> Apre li te fin etabli otorite li ak Repiblik Sikh la nan Punjab, {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}  Banda Singh Bahadur te aboli sistèm zamindari (feyodal) la, epi li te akòde dwa pwopriyete bay kiltivatè tè yo. Mughal yo te kaptire Banda Singh epi yo te tòtire l jiskaske li mouri nan lane 1715–1716. == Premye lavi == [[Fichye:Gilded_panel_(repoussé_plaque)_from_Takht_Hazur_Sahib,_Nanded._Madho_Das_(popularly_known_as_Banda_Singh_Bahadur)_declares_he_is_Guru_Gobind_Singh’s_‘Banda’_slave.jpg|vignette|Panèl dore (repoussé plak) soti nan Takht Hazur Sahib, Nanded. Madho Das deklare li se esklav "Banda" Guru Gobind Singh]] Banda Singh Bahadur te fèt sou non Lachman Dev nan yon fanmi Endou, pitit gason yon kiltivatè ki rele Ram Dev, nan Rajouri, nan dat 27 oktòb 1670. Plizyè sous dekri papa li kòm yon Rajput, swa nan klan Bhardwaj la oswa kòm yon Dogra Rajput. Fanmi li pa t gen anpil mwayen. Gen ti enfòmasyon sou anfans li, men yo konnen li te renmen lachas epi li te metrize ladrès tankou monte cheval, lit, tire flèch, ak eskrim depi li te jèn. Dapre yon istwa sou lavi li, lè li te gen anviwon 15 an, pandan yon lachas, li te blese yon fenmèl bèt ki t ap mouri ansanm ak de pitit li ki poko fèt. Sèn sa a te boulvèse l anpil e li te pouse l kite lavi mondèn pou l vin yon asèt. Apre sa, li te rankontre yon lòt asèt ki rele Janaki Prasad, ki te ba li nouvo non Madho Das. Pi devan, li te etabli pwòp ''dera'' (monastè) pa li epi li te rasanble yon gwoup disip bò kote l. === Rankontre ak Guru Gobind Singh === An 1708, [[Guru Gobind Singh]] te ale nan monastè Banda Singh, ki te rele Madho Das nan epòk sa a. Guru Gobind Singh te chita sou chèz Banda Singh kote Banda te konn chita tankou yon sen . Dapre kèk sous, Guru Gobind Singh ji te tiye [[kabrit]] yo la tou. Lè Banda Singh te tande sa k te pase a, li te vin anraje anpil. Banda Singh te itilize "maji" li pou l vire chèz Guru a te chita sou li a, men pa gen anyen ki te rive. Ranpli ak raj, Banda Singh te ale bò kote Guru a. Lè li te wè Guru Banda Singh, raj li te fonn. Apre yon konvèsasyon ak Guru Banda Singh, li te konvèti epi li te pran Amrit pou l vin yon Khalsa . Guru a te rele Madho Das Banda Singh. Banda Singh te aprann istwa Gurbani ak Sikh . {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} Lè yo te aprann asasina Zorawar Singh ak Fateh Singh, yo di Banda Singh te kriye. Guru Gobind Singh te di Banda Singh: "Lè tirani te pran lèzòm, se te devwa moun ki pi sansib yo pou yo goumen kont li e menm bay lavi yo nan lit la". Banda Singh te vle fè sa. Banda Singh te vle akonpli volonte Guru Gobind Singh pou pini tiran yo epi sove pèp la. == Kanpay militè yo == === Kòmansman === Yon ti tan apre, Guru Gobind Singh te sibi yon atak pa de Pathan ki te asosye ak Wazir Khan (petèt anba otorite Bahadur Shah I). Evènman sa a te fache anpil Banda Singh Bahadur, ki te mande Guru a pèmisyon pou ale nan Punjab pou l tire revanj pou enjistis ki te fèt sou Sikh yo epi pini opresè yo. Nan mwa septanm 1708, Guru Gobind Singh te ba li tit “Bahadur” epi li te konfye li otorite politik ak militè pou kontinye batay la. Li te bay li misyon pou pini moun ki responsab krim yo, espesyalman pou vanje lanmò Zorawar Singh ak Fateh Singh. Banda Singh te resevwa tou senbòl otorite yo, tankou yon ''Nagara'' (tanbou lagè), yon ''Nishan Sahib'', ak senk flèch Guru a. Pou ede li, yo te mete senk manm Panj Pyare yo bò kote l—Ram Singh, Binod Singh, Kahan Singh, Baj Singh, ak Daya Singh—ansanm ak apeprè 20 lòt Singh. Guru a te bay li enstriksyon klè: rete onèt ak senp nan kè, pa janm vyole madanm yon lòt moun, konsidere tèt li kòm yon sèvitè Khalsa ak Guru a, pran tout desizyon apre yon ''Ardas'' epi chèche konsèy Panj Pyare yo. Li te avèti l tou pou li pa janm pran tit Guru, pa kreye pwòp sèk pa li, epi pou li pa kite ego pran plas ni nan viktwa ni nan defèt. Banda Singh te resevwa ''[[Hukamnama]]'' yo tou nan men Guru Gobind Singh ki te di tout Sikh yo pou yo mete tèt ansanm avè l nan lagè li kont Anpi Mughal la. Yo te ba li pozisyon Jathedar nan Khalsa a. Se konsa, yo te voye Banda Singh nan Punjab ak yon gwoup 300 kavalye k ap swiv li sou yon distans 8 kilomèt. {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001|pp=118-119}} Pandan vwayaj li nan Penjab, Guru Gobind Singh te mouri nan dat 7 oktòb 1708. Banda Singh te itilize yon degizman pou vwayaje pandan pi fò nan vwayaj la epi li te swiv chemen Guru Gobind Singh te pran nan Maharashtra ak Rajputana . Banda Singh te vwayaje a yon vitès 16 kilomèt pa jou. Li te pran yon ane pou l rive nan Penjab. {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} === Konkèt bonè yo === [[Fichye:Painting_of_Banda_Singh_Bahadur_being_blessed_with_five_arrows_by_Guru_Gobind_Singh,_by_Gian_Singh_Naqqash,_ca.1930.jpg|vignette|Penti Banda Singh Bahadur k ap resevwa beni senk flèch nan men Guru Gobind Singh, pa Gian Singh Naqqash, c. 1930]] Banda Singh Bahadur te rive rapidman nan zòn ki koresponn ak Haryana jodi a, kote li te byen vit genyen konfyans ak sipò popilasyon lokal la. Lè li te deplase nan rejyon Bagar, li te pran kontwòl sou gwoup bandi ak vòlè yo, epi li te redistribye byen li te pran yo bay moun pòv yo. Aksyon sa a te fè repitasyon li grandi, e moun yo te menm onore li piblikman avèk yon foula. Avèk sipò vilaj yo, li te kòmanse entegre nouvo moun nan Khalsa a. Apre sa, li te kontinye avanse nan direksyon vilaj Sehri ak Khanda, kote li te voye lèt bay kominote Sikh yo nan Majha, Doaba ak Malwa pou ankouraje yo rantre nan batay li kont otorite Mughal yo. Nan mesaj sa yo, li te raple yo lanmò trajik pitit gason Guru Gobind Singh yo, ki te fèt sou lòd Wazir Khan. Kòm rezilta apèl sa yo, sipò pou li te ogmante atravè Punjab. Plizyè lidè ak sòlda te vin mete tèt yo ansanm avè l, tankou Fateh Singh ak Karam Singh ansanm ak Dharm Singh. Fanmi Phulkian yo, atravè Tilok Singh ak Ram Singh, te bay li sipò militè ak finansye. Menm kèk moun ki te deja nan sèvis Wazir Khan, tankou Ali Singh ak Mali Singh, te kite bò sa a pou vin sipòte mouvman Banda Singh lan. ==== Konkèt Sonipat ak Kaithal ==== Banda Singh ak yon fòs 500 sòlda te dirije yon atak sou Sonipat ki te toupre kapital enperyal la, Delhi . Faujdar Sonipat la te bat pa Sikh yo, sa ki te lakòz vil la te vin okipe. {{Sfn|Singh|1935}} Banda Singh te piye trezò enperyal la ak moun rich yo. Li te distribye richès la pami pwòp moun li yo. Konkèt Sonipat, ki te toupre Delhi, te yon defi ouvè pou Mughal yo. {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} Apre sa, Banda Singh te fikse je l sou Samana . Sou wout la, Banda Singh te dirije yon atak sou yon detachman Mughal toupre Kaithal ki t ap pote trezò enperyal ki t apral Delhi. {{Sfn|Singh|1935}} {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} Banda Singh te reyisi pran trezò a nan men otorite Mughal yo. {{Sfn|Singh|1935}} Amil (Gouvènè) Kaithal la te fache anpil pou sa epi li te dirije yon atak sou Sikh yo. Banda Singh ak Sikh yo te mennen yon batay difisil, men kòm yo te sitou sòlda apye konpare ak kavalri Mughal la, yo te fè fas ak pèt. Banda Singh te egzekite yon plan kote fòs Sikh yo te kouri antre nan forè ki te chaje ak pikan, sa ki te fòse kavalri Mughal yo abandone chwal yo. Sikh yo te soti nan bwa a epi yo te pran chwal yo. Mughal yo te masakre nan batay la, epi kèk te rann tèt yo. Banda Singh te kaptire Amil la, men li te lage l sou kondisyon pou l te kite Sikh yo kenbe chwal yo. Yo te distribye piyay yo te pran an pami disip Banda Singh yo. {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} === Kanpay nan Haryana ak nan lès === Banda Singh te deside ale nan direksyon lès nan direksyon Kiratpur pou libere Sikh Majha ak Doaba yo ki te bloke nan Malerkotla ak Ropar . Sou wout la, Banda Singh te konkeri Ghurman ak Thaska. Ghurman te ofri yon ti rezistans tandiske Thaska te rann tèt li san okenn rezistans. Apre sa, Banda Singh te avanse sou Kunjpura, ki te vilaj natif natal Wazir Khan. Twoup ak zam Wazir Khan te estasyone la, men Sikh yo te bat yo. Apre sa, Banda Singh te atake Shahabad, yon vilaj Mizilman ki te konnen pou vyòl. Banda Singh ak fòs Sikh yo te detwi yo. Banda Singh te ravaje Damala tou, kote Pathan yo te rete ki te abandone Guru Gobind Singh nan batay Bhangani an . Apre sa, Banda Singh te mache sou Mustafabad . Faujdar Mustafabad la te voye 2,000 sòlda enperyal ak 2 kanon pou kanpe Banda Singh ak Sikh yo. Banda Singh ak Sikh yo te bat Mughal yo, yo te kite kanon yo dèyè nan retrèt yo. Yo te piye vil la epi yo te pini Faujdar la pou tirani li ak opresyon li sou popilasyon an. {{Sfn|Singh|1990|pp=42–44}} [ 28 ] ==== Batay Kapuri ==== Banda Singh te tande pale de Zamindar Qadam-ud-din Kapuri a, lavi li te swadizan imoral ak pèsekisyon Endou ak Sikh yo. {{Sfn|Singh|1995}} Li te foure bouch li nan maryaj Endou yo, li te kidnape jèn lamarye epi vyole yo. {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} Banda Singh te atake Kapuri imedyatman, epi li te touye Qadam-ud-din pandan l t ap pran fò li a. Viktwa sa a te mennen tou nan yon gwo kaptire piyay ak materyèl lagè. {{Sfn|Singh|2000}} {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} {{Sfn|Gandhi|1999}} ==== Batay Sadhaura a ==== Pwochen fwa Banda Singh te wè Sadhaura se te Sadhaura . Sadhaura te dirije pa Osman Khan, ki te tòtire epi egzekite sen Mizilman Syed Pir Budhu Shah, paske li te ede Guru Gobind Singh nan batay Bhagnani an . Osman Khan te komèt tou atwosite kont Endou yo kote yo te touye bèf yo devan kay yo epi li te entèdi Endou ak Sikh yo boule mò yo epi fè evènman relijye yo. Tout bagay sa yo te fè Sadhaura sib Banda Singh. {{Sfn|Singh|2007}} {{Sfn|Gandhi|1999|p=29}} {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001|p=127}} {{Sfn|Singh|1990}} Pandan Banda Singh t ap avanse sou Sadhaura, moun nan lokalite a ak peyizan yo te mete tèt ansanm avè l nan revòlt la. Foul moun ki te an kòlè a te vin enkontwolab epi yo te detwi tout bagay. Yo te touye Sayyid yo ak Shaikh yo . Yo te pann Osman Khan jouktan li mouri epi yo te kaptire Sadhaura. {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001|p=127}} {{Sfn|Singh|1990}} {{Sfn|Singh|2004|p=6}} ==== Ropar ==== Wazir Khan te dekouvri ke Sikh ki soti Majha yo te rasanble nan Kiratpur Sahib pou mete tèt ansanm ak Banda Singh. Lè Sikh yo te rive Ropar, Sher Mohammad Khan ansanm ak Khizar Khan, Nashtar Khan ak Wali Mohammad Khan te la pou bloke pasaj Sikh yo epi ofri yo yon batay. {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} Mughal yo te gen pi bon zam ak yon kantite kavalri siperyè pandan ke Sikh yo te gen yon ti lame ki pa t gen ase zam. Tou de bò yo te fè fas nan yon batay san. Pandan yo t ap goumen, te gen yon move tanpèt pousyè ki te fòse tou de pati yo retire pou nwit la. Nan denmen, yon nouvo kontenjan Sikh te rive pou ranfòse Sikh ki te rete yo. Imedyatman, yon bal te frape Khizar Khan nan tèt, sa ki te lakòz konfizyon. Nashtar ak Wali Mohammad Khan te eseye rekipere kadav Khizar Khan men yo te mouri pandan y ap fè sa. Sher Mohammad Khan te kouri paske li te blese grav. <ref name="Tactics" /> Avèk pifò nan lidè yo mouri, fòs ki te rete a te retounen Sirhind. {{Sfn|Singh|2000}} Fòs Sikh ki te nan Ropar la te pita gwoupe ak Banda Singh Bahadur pou prepare atak la sou Sirhind. <ref name="s2" /> === Konkèt Sirhind === ==== Preparasyon yo ==== Sikh yo te gen plan pou yo mennen dharamyudh kont vil Sirhind, gouvènè li a , Wazir Khan, ak Dewan Sucha Nand, pou vanje opresyon Mughal yo ak ekzekisyon de jèn timoun [[Guru Gobind Singh|Guru Gobind Singh yo]] . {{Sfn|Singh|2004}} Sa a te objektif prensipal Banda Singh. Anvan batay la te kòmanse, Wazir Khan ak Sucha Nand te voye neve Sikh la ak 1,000 gason bay Baba Banda Singh Bahadur nan yon konplo pou twonpe Sikh yo, lè yo te pretann li te abandone Mughal yo epi li te vin jwenn Sikh yo pou kòz yo a. {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} {{Sfn|Singh|1990}} Wazir Khan te gen yon gwo lame byen ame, ki te gen ladan l gazi, ansanm ak yon kantite zam atiri, mousketè, ak elefan . {{Sfn|Singh|1990}} Lame Khan nan te gen plis pase 20,000 gason. {{Sfn|Singh|1935}} Yon lòt bò, lame Banda Singh la pa t byen ekipe ak lans long, flèch, nepe, san zam ak elefan e san ase chwal. {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} {{Sfn|Singh|1990|pp=55–66}} Dapre Ganda Singh, lame Banda a te konpoze de twa klas gason kote premye klas la te Sikh devwe yo ki te anseye pou fè kwazad kont lènmi peyi yo ak relijyon yo, dezyèm lan te sòlda rekrite peye ke chèf fanmi Phul yo te voye, ki te senpatize ak kòz Banda Singh la. Twazyèm lan te iregilye yo ki te vòlè pwofesyonèl ak bandi (dacoits), ki te anvi sezi opòtinite pou piye vil la. Yo te tou alye ki pa t fyab yo paske yo te konn dezète lè yo te pè yon siy defèt. {{Sfn|Singh|1990|pp=55–66}} {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} Hari Ram Gupta ekri ke lame Banda a te konpoze de twa gwoup, premye a se te Sikh ki t ap goumen sèlman pou pini Wazir Khan, dezyèm lan se te Sikh ki te detèmine pou piye ak pini lènmi lafwa yo. Twazyèm lan se te Endou Jats, Gujars ak Rajputs ki te detèmine pou piye sèlman. {{Sfn|Gupta|1978}} ==== Batay ==== Both sides faced off in Chappar Chiri on 12 May 1710. Upon the firing of artillery by the Mughal Army, the third class of Banda's army, consisting of bandits and irregulars fled, and soon after Sucha Nand's nephew along with his 1,000 men took to flight as well.{{Sfn|Singh|1990}} Baj Singh informed Banda Singh of this. Banda Singh decoded to personally entre the frontlines of the battle leading the charge against the Mughals.{{Sfn|Singh|1990}}{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} This motivated the Sikh force who shouted, "Waheguru ji ki Fateh" (Victory belongs to the Wondrous Enlightener) as they charged against the Mughals and their elephants. With only swords two elephants were killed by the Sikhs. The Mughals suffered heavy casualties with the Nawab of Malerkotla, Sher Mohammad Khan, being killed. He was followed by Mughal general Khawaja Ali. Wazir Khan attempted to rally his men as he fired arrows, but was confronted by Baj Singh. Wazir Khan threw a spear at Baj Singh. Both men dueled with Baj Singh injuring Wazir Khan's horse. Wazir Khan shot Baj Singh in the arm with an arrow and reached for his sword to kill him. Fateh Singh charged at Wazir Khan and decapitated Wazir Khan before he could kill Baj Singh.{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} According to Suraj Granth and Maculiffe Wazir Khan was instead killed by Banda Singh who shot him with an arrow from the Guru.{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} As soon as Wazir Khan died the Mughal force fled.{{Sfn|Singh|1990}}{{Sfn|Gupta|1978}} Wazir Khan's body would later be tied to an animal and dragged around before being hung onto a tree.{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}<ref name=":15" /> Fòs Mughal ki t ap fè retrèt la te kite tout chwal yo, kanon yo, tant yo ak minisyon yo dèyè, ke Sikh yo te kaptire. Sikh yo te rele byen fò " Sat Sri Akaal " (Se vre Senyè Etènèl la) pandan y ap atake Sirhind. Sikh yo te rive Sirhind nan mitan lannwit. Yo te fèmen pòtay yo epi yo te mete kanon pou bloke Sikh yo. Sikh yo te repoze pou nwit lan. Fanmi Wazir Khan ak lòt ofisyèl Mughal te sove al Delhi. Nan dat 13 la, 500 Sikh te mouri pandan y ap eseye pran Sirhind. Nan dat 14 la, Sikh yo te antre nan Sirhind. {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} ==== Konsekans ==== Ranpli ak raj ak revanj, Sik yo te kòmanse detwi epi raze Sirhind nèt. Yo te kaptire epi egzekite Sucha Nand. Banda Singh te sezi tout piyay Sirhind te fè. {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} Li te aboli sistèm zamindari a (sistèm feyodal) epi li te distribye tè pami peyizan yo. Banda Singh te bay lòd pou yo bay peyizan yo pwopriyete tè a epi pou yo kite yo viv nan diyite ak respè pou tèt yo. {{Sfn|Singh|1927|p=8}} {{Sfn|Dhavan|2011|p=51}} Tout pwovens Sirhind lan ak 28 pargana li yo te anba kontwòl Banda Singh. Li te soti nan Sutlej rive nan Yamuna ak soti nan mòn Shivalik rive nan Kunjpura, Karnal ak Kaithal . Tout te bay 3,600,000 roupi chak ane. {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} Li te nonmen Baj Singh kòm nouvo Gouvènè Sirhind ak Ali Singh nan Salaudi kòm adjwen li, epi li te frape pyès monnen. {{Sfn|Singha|2005|p=9}} {{Sfn|Gupta|1999|p=14}} Fateh Singh te vin Gouvènè Samana, epi Ram Singh te vin Gouvènè Thanesar . {{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} Banda Singh te vin byen koni nan epòk sa a kòm "Defansè lafwa a ak chanpyon moun k ap sibi opresyon yo." [ 55 ] === Envazyon militè yo === [[Fichye:INDIA,_Independent_States._Sikhs_(Khalsa_Fauj)._Baba_Banda_Singh_Bahadur._1670-1716._AR_Rupee_(25mm,_11.98_g,_6h)._Amritsar_mint._Dated_Year_2_(AD_1711)._VF._(840_2).jpg|vignette|LEND, Eta Endepandan. Sikhs (Khalsa Fauj). Baba Banda Singh Bahadur. 1670-1716. AR Roupi (25mm, 11.98 g, 6h). Amritsar mant. Date ane 2 (AD 1711)]] Banda Singh Bahadur te devlope vilaj Mukhlisgarh la epi li te fè l kapital li. Apre sa, li te chanje non l pou l rele Lohgarh (Fòtrès Fè) kote li te pibliye pwòp pyès monnen li. Pyès monnen an te dekri Lohgarh konsa: "Frape nan Vil Lapè a, ki ilistre bote lavi sivik la, ak orneman twòn beni an". <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Li te etabli yon eta nan Punjab pandan sis mwa pou yon ti tan. Banda Singh te voye Sikh nan Uttar Pradesh epi Sikh yo te pran kontwòl Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, ak lòt zòn ki toupre yo. Dominasyon Sikh yo sou tout Penjab ki te bò solèy leve Lahore a te bloke kominikasyon ant Delhi ak [[Lawo|Lahore]], kapital Penjab la, e sa te enkyete Anperè Mughal Bahadur Shah I. Li te abandone plan li pou domine rebèl yo nan Rajputana epi li te mache nan direksyon Penjab. {{Sfn|Singha|2005|p=14}} Yo te òganize tout fòs enperyal la pou defèt epi touye Banda Singh Bahadur. {{Sfn|Singh|1995|p=27}} Yo te bay lòd pou tout jeneral yo rantre nan lame Anperè a. Pou asire ke pa t gen okenn ajan Sikh nan kan lame yo, yo te bay yon lòd nan dat 29 Out 1710 bay tout Endou yo pou yo kale bab yo. Banda Singh te nan Uttar Pradesh lè lame Mughal la, sou lòd Munim Khan te mache al Sirhind epi anvan Banda Singh te retounen, yo te deja pran Sirhind ak zòn ki te antoure l yo. Se poutèt sa, Sikh yo te deplase al Lohgarh pou dènye batay yo a. Sikh yo te bat lame a men yo te rele ranfò epi yo te mete syèj sou fò a ak 60,000 sòlda. {{Sfn|Gupta|1978}} Gulab Singh te abiye l ak rad Banda Singh epi li te chita nan plas li. Banda Singh te kite fò a lannwit epi li te ale nan yon kote sekrè nan mòn yo ak nan forè Chamba yo. Lefèt ke lame a pa t rive touye oswa kenbe Banda Singh te choke Anperè Bahadur Shah I epi nan dat 10 desanm 1710 li te bay lòd pou yo touye nenpòt kote yo jwenn yon Sikh. {{Sfn|Singh|1927}} Banda Singh Bahadur te ekri [[Hukamnama|Hukamnamas]] bay Sikh yo pou yo reòganize epi mete tèt ansanm avè l touswit. {{Sfn|Singh|1999}} An 1712, Sikh yo te rasanble toupre Kiratpur Sahib epi yo te bat Raja Ajmer Chand, ki te responsab pou òganize tout Eta Mòn yo kont Guru Gobind Singh epi pou yo te kòmanse batay avè l. Apre lanmò Bhim Chand, lòt Raja Mòn yo te aksepte estati sibòdone yo epi yo te peye Banda Singh revni. Pandan kat pitit gason Bahadur Shah I yo t ap touye tèt yo pou twòn Anperè Mughal la, Banda Singh Bahadur te repran Sadhaura ak Lohgarh. Farrukh Siyar, 10yèm Anperè Mughal la, te nonmen Abdus Samad Khan kòm Subahdar pwovens Lahore a epi Zakariya Khan, pitit gason Abdus Samad Khan, Faujdar Jammu. {{Sfn|Singh|1999}} An 1713, Sikh yo te kite Lohgarh ak Sadhaura epi yo te ale nan mòn izole Jammu yo kote yo te bati Dera Baba Banda Singh. {{Sfn|Singh|2007}} <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[Site sous ou yo|<span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2023)">paj&nbsp;nesesè</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Pandan tan sa a, Sikh yo t ap sibi pèsekisyon, sitou pa Mughal yo nan rejyon Gurdaspur la. Banda Singh te soti epi li te pran Kalanaur ak Batala (tou de kote nan distri Gurdaspur modèn sa ki te reprimande Farrukh Siyar pou l te bay ofisyèl ak chèf Mughal ak Endou yo lòd pou yo ale ak twoup yo nan Lahore pou ranfòse lame li a. {{Sfn|Singh|1999|p=94}} == Syèj nan Gurdas Nangal == Nan mwa mas 1715, lame ki te sou kòmandman Abd al-Samad Khan, gouvènè Mughal Lahore a, te pouse Banda Bahadur ak fòs Sikh yo nan vilaj Gurdas Nangal, 6&nbsp;km nan lwès Gurdaspur, Punjab epi yo te sènen vilaj la. Sikh yo te defann ti fò a pandan uit mwa nan kondisyon difisil anpil, men nan dat 7 desanm 1715, Mughal yo te antre nan garnizon ki te grangou a epi yo te kaptire Banda Singh ak konpayon l yo. == Egzekisyon == [[Fichye:Mehdiana_5.jpg|vignette|Eskilti ekzekisyon Banda Singh Bahadur nan Delhi, Mehdiana Sahib, toupre Jagraon nan distri Ludhiana, [[End|peyi Zend.]]]] Yo te mete Banda Singh Bahadur nan yon kaj an fè epi yo te mare rès Sikh yo nan chenn. Yo te mennen Sikh yo Delhi nan yon pwosesyon ak 780 prizonye Sikh yo, 2,000 tèt Sikh pandye sou lans, ak 700 cha plen tèt Sikh yo te masakre yo te itilize pou teworize popilasyon an. Yo te mete yo nan Fò Wouj la epi yo te fè presyon sou yo pou yo abandone lafwa yo epi vin Mizilman. {{Sfn|Singh|1927}} Mogol yo te egzekite Banda Singh Bahadur ak 700 nan disip li yo nan Delhi nan prentan 1716. Yon vizitè Ewopeyen ki te vin nan vil la pou zafè ofisyèl, ki te yon diplomat Konpayi Britanik End Lès nan Anpi Mogol la, te obsève egzekisyon Banda Singh Bahadur ak 700 nan disip li yo. <ref name=":9" /> Ewopeyen sa a te ekri panse li sou ekzekisyon Sikh yo nan yon lèt li te voye bay Gouvènè Fort William nan Kalkita . Se yon nan pi ansyen istwa Sikh yo nan pèspektiv yon Lwès. <ref name=":9" /> == Revolisyonè == [[Fichye:Banda_Singh_Bahadur_mural_fresco.jpg|vignette|Fresk miray Banda Singh Bahadur (chita adwat) ak pitit gason l lan (chita agoch). Yon asistan adwat ap balanse yon fouye mouch. Yo dekore ak koulè wouj sou rad yo, karakteristik faksyon Bandai Khalsa a.]] Banda Singh Bahadur rekonèt pou lefèt ke pandan peryòd li te aktif, li te kraze sistèm Zamindari system ak Taluqdari system yo, epi li te redistribye tè bay peyizan yo pou yo vin pwopriyetè tèt pa yo. Nan menm tan an, li parèt ke anpil fonksyonè gouvènman yo te plonje nan extòsyon ak koripsyon, sa ki te lakòz sistèm administratif ak lòd piblik la vin totalman deregle ak boulvèse. Tradisyon lokal la raple ke moun ki soti nan katye Sadaura yo te vin jwenn Banda Singh pou plenyen pou pratik inikite chèf feyodal yo. Banda Singh te bay lòd pou Baj Singh louvri dife sou yo. Moun yo te sezi wè repons etranj yo te bay la epi yo te mande l sa l te vle di. Li te di yo ke yo pa t merite pi bon tretman alòske, ak plizyè milye moun, yo te toujou kite yon ti ponyen Zamindar fè yo pè. Li te bat Sayyid yo ak Shaikh yo nan batay Sadhaura a . {{Sfn|Singh|1999}} == Posib rivalite ak Tat Khalsa ak eritaj == [[Fichye:Mural_of_Banda_Singh_Bahadur_with_his_son_with_both_being_served_by_fly-whisk_attendants.jpg|gauche|vignette|Miral Banda Singh Bahadur ak pitit gason l lan, toulede ap sèvi pa moun k ap fè fly-whisk.]] An 1714, Farrukh Siyar te prevwa yon efò solid pou siprime rebelyon Banda a, ki t ap evite kaptire malgre gwo efò ak envestisman resous Mughal yo. Okòmansman, yo te mande Mata Sundari (vèv Guru Gobind) pou l konvenk Banda pou l sispann dezòd li ak ekspedisyon kont Mughal yo an echanj pou jagir ak rekritman sòlda Sikh nan lame enperyal la. Banda te refize poutèt li pa t fè gouvènman an konfyans. Apre sa, Anperè a te mete toulede vèv Gobind yo nan prizon, sa ki te pouse Sundari ekri Banda ankò pou fè l soumèt. Banda te refize ankò, sa ki te pouse Anperè a ranfòse restriksyon yo sou vèv yo, sa ki te abouti nan ekskominikasyon Banda Singh Bahadur pa Mata Sundari paske li te refize soumèt devan Anperè a jan li te mande l la. Li te akize l tou de gouvène Sikh yo kòm "Guru" yo, epi li te reprimande disip li yo nan yon [[Hukamnama|hukam-nama]] . Dispit sa a te mennen nan de faksyon separe nan kominote Sikh kontanporen an, Tat Khalsa a; ki te alye ak Mata Sundari, ak Bandais yo; ki te alye ak Banda Singh Bahadur. {{Sfn|Gupta|1978}} Entèvansyon Mata Sundari a te lakòz mwatye nan disip Banda yo (apeprè kenz mil) abandone l anvan syèj Gurdas Nangal la. Dispit ant Tat Khalsa yo ak Bandais yo te sitou gen ladan sijè tankou abandone wòb ble tradisyonèl Banda yo an favè wòb wouj yo, ensistans li sou vejetaryen, obsèvans li nan rituèl kas yo, ak ranplasman li nan slogan Sikh preskri a ak "Fateh Darshan", osi byen ke enkyetid sou eksè twoup Banda yo te komèt pandan kanpay revanj yo kont Mughal yo. Ekskominikasyon Banda a te anpeche kapasite li pou l te kontrekare Mughal yo e li te kontribye nan kapti ak ekzekisyon final li. Tradisyon Sikh modèn nan pale de omwen de Khalsa diferan; Tat Khalsa a ki respekte règ ak enjonksyon Guru Gobind Singh yo, ak Bandais yo; moun ki te adopte prensip Banda Singh Bahadur yo. {{Sfn|Singh|Fenech|2014}} Istoryen Ganda Singh te mete an dout lide ke Banda Singh Bahadur te janm ekskominye pa Mata Sundari. Li fè remake pa gen okenn sous ki soti nan epòk la—oswa menm tou pre epòk la—ki pale de yon ekskominikasyon konsa, ni okenn prèv ki montre ke Farrukh Siyar te janm negosye ak Mata Sundari. Menm jan an tou, istoryen Surjit Singh Gandhikonfime absans nenpòt dokiman kontanporen ki ta sipòte yon konfli ofisyèl ant Banda Singh ak Mata Sundari. Sukhdial Singh ajoute ke pa gen okenn ''hukam-nama'' Mata Sundari te voye bay Banda Singh. Daprè Nazer Singh, pandan plizyè syèk apre lanmò li, kominote Sikh la ansanm ak Akali yo te souvan pran distans ak Banda Singh. Pou reabilite imaj li, Ganda Singh te pibliye yon liv an 1935 kote li prezante l kòm yon “Sikh pafè.” Menmsi li defann li kont anpil akizasyon, li rekonèt tou ke Banda Singh pa t san fot. Gen lòt istoryen ki rete kritik. Purnima Dhavan kesyone entèpretasyon Ganda Singh yo, sitou sou fason li li fraz nan ''hukam-namas'' yo, ki ka entèprete swa kòm soumèt devan otorite Guru a oswa kòm yon fason pou Banda bay tèt li yon otorite ki sanble ak sa yon guru genyen. Sepandan, Hari Ram Gupta fè konnen ke ekspresyon “Sri Sacha Sahiba” Banda te itilize yo te toujou refere ak Bondye oswa Guru a, pa ak li menm. == Moniman Lagè Baba Banda Singh Bahadur la == [[Fichye:Night_view_of_Fateh_Burj,_Punjab,_India.JPG|vignette|View lannwit nan Fateh Burj, Chappar Chiri, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, peyi Zend .]] Yo te bati yon moniman lagè kote batay Chappar Chiri a te fèt la, pou glorifye sòlda Sikh ewoyik yo. Fateh Burj la, ki gen 328 pye wotè, te dedye a Banda Singh Bahadur ki te dirije lame a epi ki te bat fòs Mughal yo. Fateh Burj la pi wo pase Qutab Minar epi li se yon estrikti oktogonal. Gen yon dòm anlè gwo kay won an ak Khanda ki fèt an asye pur. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ajitgarhonline.in/city-guide/baba-banda-singh-bahadur-war-memorial|title=Baba Banda Singh Bahadur War Memorial, Fateh Burj in Ajitgarh|date=30 November 2011|website=Ajitgarhonline.in|access-date=3 December 2016}}</ref> == Nan kilti popilè == * ''Sarbans Dani Guru Gobind Singh'', yon fim dramatik Endyen an lang Punjabi ki te reyalize pa Ram Maheshwari an 1998. Fim nan swiv lit Guru a ak Banda Singh Bahadur kont Anpi Mughal la. {{Sfn|Singh|Fenech|2014}} * ''Rise of Khalsa'', yon fim dramatik istorik anime Endyen an 2006 pa Vismaad Mediatech. * ''Chaar Sahibzaade: Rise of Banda Singh Bahadur'', yon fim anime òdinatè Endyen an 2016 pa Harry Baweja. Yon swit pou ''Chaar Sahibzaade'', li swiv batay Banda Singh Bahadur kont Mughal yo anba gidans Guru Gobind Singh. * ''Guru Da Banda'', yon fim 2018 Endyen anime istorik dram pa Jassi Chana. == Dosye batay == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders floatleft" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em auto 1em auto;" ! width="65" |Outcome !Date !Campaign !Action !Opponent/s !Location !Sources |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |Late 1709 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to Sirhind |Skirmish in Narnaul |Local dacoities and thieves |Narnaul, Haryana |{{Sfn|Singh|2004}} |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |Late 1709 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to Sirhind |Battle of Bhiwani |Mughal Empire |Bhiwani, Haryana |<ref name=":22" /> |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |October 1709 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to Sirhind |Skirmish in Bangardesh |Local dacoities and thieves |Bangardesh, Haryana |{{Sfn|Singh|1935}}<ref name=":22" /> <span style="display:none">⁂</span> |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |November 1709 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to Sirhind |Battle of Sonipat |Mughal Empire |Sonipat, Haryana |<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/ikram/part2_19.html|title=XIX. A Century of Political Decline: 1707-1803|last=Frances Pritchett|date=|publisher=Columbia.edu|access-date=2012-04-29}}</ref>{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |November 1709 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to Sirhind |Battle of Kaithal |Mughal Empire |Kaithal, Haryana |<ref name=":33" /><ref name=":42" />{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}{{Sfn|Singh|2004}}<ref name=":02" /> |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |28 November 1709 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to Sirhind |Battle of Samana |Mughal Empire |Samana, Punjab |<ref name=":02" />{{Sfn|Singh|2004}}<ref name=":22" />{{Sfn|Singh|2007}}{{Sfn|Gandhi|1999}} |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |December 1709 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to the East |Battle of Ghuram |Mughal Empire |Sanaur, Punjab |<ref name=":02" />[28]<ref name=":22" />{{Sfn|Singh|2004}} |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |December 1709 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to the East |Battle of Thaska |Mughal Empire |Thaska, Punjab |<ref name=":02" />[28]<ref name=":22" /> |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |December 1709 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to the East |Battle of Thanesar |Mughal Empire |Thanesar, Haryana |<ref name=":02" />[28] |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |December 1709 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to the East |Battle of Shahbad |Mughal Empire |Shahbad-Markanda,Haryana |<ref name=":02" />[28]{{Sfn|Singh|2004}} |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |December 1709 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to the East |Battle of Damala |Mughal Empire |Damala, Haryana |[28]<ref name=":22" /> |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |December 1709 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to the East |Battle of Mustafabad |Mughal Empire |Mustafabad, Haryana |<ref name=":02" />[28]<ref name=":22" />{{Sfn|Singh|2004}} |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |December 1709 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to the East |Battle of Kunjpura |Mughal Empire |Kunjpura, Haryana |<ref name=":02" />{{Sfn|Singh|2004}}<ref name=":22" /> |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |December 1709 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to the East |Battle of Kapuri |Mughal Empire |Kapuri, Punjab |<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":22" />{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}} |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |Early 1710 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to the East |Battle of Sadaura |Mughal Empire |Sadaura, Haryana |{{Sfn|Gandhi|1999}}'''{{Sfn|Singh|2004}}''' '''<ref name=":02" />{{Sfn|Singh|2004}}<ref name=":22" />''' |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |Early 1710 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to the East |Battle of Ropar |Mughal Empire |Ropar, Punjab |{{Sfn|Singh|2000}} |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |May 12, 1710 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to Sirhind |Battle of Chappar Chiri |Mughal Empire |Chappar Chiri, Punjab |{{Sfn|Singh|2004}}{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}{{Sfn|Dhavan|2011}} |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |May 12–14, 1710 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign to Sirhind |Siege of Sirhind |Mughal Empire |Sirhind, Punjab |{{Sfn|Dhavan|2011}}{{Sfn|Singh|2004}}{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}<ref name=":02" />{{Sfn|Dhavan|2011}}{{Sfn|Gandhi|1999}} |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |June 1710 | style="background:#ACBECF" |N/A |Battle of Ghurnai |Ramraiya |Ghurnai, Punjab |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/biographical/famous-sikh-personalities/bulaka-singh/|title=BULAKA SINGH, - The Sikh Encyclopedia|date=2000-12-19|language=en-US|access-date=2024-05-29}}</ref>{{Sfn|Singh|1990}} |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |June 1710 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign in the Yamuna-Ganga Doaba |Battle of Saharanpur |Mughal Empire |Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh |{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}{{Sfn|Singh|1990}}{{Sfn|Gupta|1978}}{{Sfn|Singh|2004}} |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |June 1710 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign in the Yamuna-Ganga Doaba |Battle of Behut |Mughal Empire |Behat, Uttar Pradesh |{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}{{Sfn|Singh|1990}}{{Sfn|Gupta|1978}}<ref name=":02" /> |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |July 11, 1710 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign in the Yamuna-Ganga Doaba |Battle of Nanauta |Mughal Empire |Nanauta, Uttar Pradesh |{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}{{Sfn|Singh|1990}}{{Sfn|Gupta|1978}}<ref name=":02" /> |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |July 1710 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign in the Yamuna-Ganga Doaba |Battle of Jalalabad |Mughal Empire |Jalalabad, Uttar Pradesh |{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}{{Sfn|Singh|1990}}{{Sfn|Gupta|1978}}<ref name=":02" /> |- |{{No2}} Loss ! scope="row" |July–August 1710 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign in the Yamuna-Ganga Doaba |Siege of Jalalabad |Mughal Empire |Jalalabad, Uttar Pradesh |{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}{{Sfn|Singh|1990}}{{Sfn|Gupta|1978}}<ref name="William Irvine 1971 102" /><ref name=":02" /><ref name="jalalabad2" /> |- |{{No2}}Loss ! scope="row" |December 1710 | style="background:#ACBECF" |N/A |First Battle of Lohgarh |Mughal Empire |Lohgarh, Haryana | |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |Early 1711 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign against the Hill States |Battle of Bilaspur |Kahlur |Kahlur Fort |{{Sfn|Gupta|1978}}<ref name=":02" /> |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |Early 1711 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign from the Hills |Battle of Pathankot |Mughal Empire |Pathankot, Punjab |{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}{{Sfn|Gupta|1978}} |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |Early 1711 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign from the Hills |Battle of Gurdaspur |Mughal Empire |Gurdaspur, Punjab |{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}{{Sfn|Gupta|1978}} |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |Early 1711 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign from the Hills |Battle of Raipur-Brahmpur |Mughal Empire |Raipur-Brahmpur, Punjab |{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}{{Sfn|Singh|1990}}<ref name=":02" /> |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |March- April 1711 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign from the Hills |Battle of Batala |Mughal Empire |Batala, Punjab |{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}{{Sfn|Singh|1990}}{{Sfn|Singh|1999}}<ref name=":02" /> |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |March- April 1711 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign from the Hills |Battle of Kalanaur |Mughal Empire |Kalanaur, Punjab |{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}{{Sfn|Singh|1990}}{{Sfn|Singh|1999}}<ref name=":02" /><ref name="Gill 1978 279" /> |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |March- April 1711 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign from the Hills |Battle of Achal |Mughal Empire |Achal, Punjab |{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}{{Sfn|Gupta|1978}}{{Sfn|Singh|1999b}} |- |{{No2}}Loss ! scope="row" |May 1711 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign from the Hills |Battle of Pasrur |Mughal Empire |Pasrur, Punjab |{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}{{Sfn|Gupta|1978}}{{Sfn|Singh|1999b}} |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |December 1711 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign from the Hills |Battle of Kiratpur |Mughal Empire |Kiratpur, Punjab |{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}{{Sfn|Gupta|1978}}{{Sfn|Singh|1999b}} |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |March 1712 | style="background:#ACBECF" |Campaign from the Hills |Second Battle of Sirhind |Mughal Empire |Sirhind, Punjab |{{Sfn|Gupta|1978}}<ref name=":02" /> |- |{{yes2}}Victory ! scope="row" |March 1712 | style="background:#ACBECF" |N/A |Second Battle of Lohgarh |Mughal Empire |Lohgarh, Haryana |{{Sfn|Sagoo|2001}}{{Sfn|Singh|1990}}<ref name=":02" /> |- |{{No2}}Loss ! scope="row" |April–December 1715 | style="background:#ACBECF" |N/A |Siege of Gurdaspur |Mughal Empire |Gurdaspur, Punjab |<ref name=":02" />{{Sfn|Singh|2004}}<ref name=":22" /> |} <gallery widths="200" heights="200"> Fichye:Banda_Bahadur_the_Sikh_Warrior_,.JPG|alt=Statue of Baba Banda Bahadur at Chappar Chiri, near Mohali (Punjab)| Estati Baba Banda Bahadur nan Chappar Chiri, toupre Mohali (Punjab) Fichye:Vir_banda_vairagi_Birla_mandir_6_dec_2009_(44).JPG|alt=Statue of Veer Banda Bairagi in Birla Mandir Delhi| Estati Veer Banda Bairagi nan Birla Mandir Delhi Fichye:Banda_Bahadur_Memorial.jpg|alt=Banda Bairagi Memorial in Khanda, near Sonipat, Haryana| Banda Bairagi Memorial nan Khanda, toupre Sonipat, Haryana Fichye:Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_at_the_300th_Shaheedi_Samagam_of_Baba_Banda_Singh_Bahadur_in_New_Delhi.jpg|alt=Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Indian Punjab Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal at the commemorative event to mark the 300th anniversary of the martyrdom of Baba Banda Singh Bahadur.| Premye Minis Endyen an, [[Narendra Modi]], ak Premye Minis Punjab Endyen an , Parkash Singh Badal, nan evènman komemoratif la pou make 300yèm anivèsè mati Baba Banda Singh Bahadur. Fichye:1._Gorilla_war_strategy_Historical_landscape_recreated.jpg|alt=Shaheed Baba Banda Singh Bahadur memorial at Chhapar Chiri,near Mohali| Memoryal Shaheed Baba Banda Singh Bahadur nan Chhapar Chiri, toupre Mohali Fichye:Places_related_with_life_of_Baba_Banda_Singh_Bahadur.png|alt=Places related with life of Baba Banda Singh Bahadur| Kote ki gen rapò ak lavi Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Fichye:Issued_edict_(hukamnama)_of_Banda_Singh_Bahadur._Held_in_the_Bhai_Rupa_Collection.jpg|alt=Issued edict (hukamnama) of Banda Singh Bahadur. Held in the Bhai Rupa Collection| Edik ( ''[[hukamnama]]'' ) Banda Singh Bahadur te pibliye a. Yo konsève l nan Koleksyon Bhai Rupa a. Fichye:Issued_edict_(hukamnama)_of_Banda_Singh_Bahadur_containing_his_official_seal_at_top_of_page.jpg|alt=Issued edict (hukamnama) of Banda Singh Bahadur containing his official seal at top of page| Edik (hukamnama) Banda Singh Bahadur te pibliye a, ki gen so ofisyèl li anlè paj la. Fichye:'Pind_Dehra_Sahibji',_dedicated_to_Banda_Singh_Bahadur,_in_September_1932.jpg|alt='Pind Dehra Sahibji', dedicated to Banda Singh Bahadur, in September 1932| 'Pind Dehra Sahibji', dedye a Banda Singh Bahadur, nan mwa septanm 1932 </gallery> == Galri == == Gade tou == * Jassa Singh Ahluwalia * Dal Khalsa * Jassa Singh Ramgarhia * Bhai Mani Singh * Nawab Kapur Singh ffged89kn3h9pj4zwztier8c8v8i492 0 97428 881096 2026-04-20T00:23:59Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348127644|Battle of Delhi (1783)]] » 881096 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Batay Delhi a''' te fèt ant Dal Khalsa Sikh yo ak Anpi Mughal la an 1783. {{Sfn|Singha|2000|p=26-27}} == Istorik ak batay == Sik yo, anba lòd Baghel Singh, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, ak Jassa Singh Ramgarhia, te kòmanse atake epi piye katye ki nan zòn Delhi an 1764. Nan mwa avril 1782, Najaf Khan, ki te kòmandan an chèf lame Mughal la jiska prezan, te mouri, apre sa yon lit pouvwa te pete ki te pèmèt Sik yo pran Delhi. Sik yo te reaparèt nan Delhi epi yo te piye zòn ki antoure l yo epi yo te ravaje peyi a rive jis Khujra. Gen kèk nan Sik yo ki te fin ravaje Doab Gangetik la ki te panse pou yo te pwoche bò Ruhilkhand, byenke yo te dekouraje pa rive fòs Nawab Oudh yo ansanm ak kèk batayon angle nan zòn nan, sa ki te fòse yo konsantre sèlman sou Doab la. Gen kèk nan rajas ki t ap gouvène zòn Sik yo te dakò pou yo peye yo lajan taks. Kò prensipal Sik yo, apre yo te fin piye Aligarh ak Buland Shahar, te kontinye ale nan direksyon Delhi kote yo te mete dife nan Malka Ganj ak Sabzi Mandi. Yo te reyisi pran Fò Wouj la nan dat 11 mas apre yo te fin bat yon defans Prens Mirza Shikoh la. == Dispit sou twòn nan == Yo te mete Jassa Singh Ahluwalia sou twòn Delhi kòm Badshah Singh nan Delhi, men Ramgarhia te fè objeksyon ke pèsonn pa ka chita sou twòn nan san apwobasyon Sarbat Khalsa . {{Sfn|Singha|2000}} == Règleman == Yo te rive jwenn yon akò ant Sikh yo ak tribinal Delhi a, kote yo te bay yon kado lajan kach twa lakh roupi. Baghel Singhte rete dèyè avèk anviwon 4,000 sòlda Sikh pou sipèvize konstriksyon gurdwara yo nan vil la. Apre yo te fin regle zafè a, prensipal fòs Sikh yo te kite Delhi nan dat 12 mas 1783. == Konsekans == [[Fichye:Historic_stone_slab_of_Mughal_throne.jpg|vignette|Dal twòn Mughal ki te mete nan Ramgarhia Bunga <ref name="sikhchic.com">{{Cite web|url=http://sikhchic.com/article-detail.php?id=2532&cat=14|title=Restoration of The Bunga Ramgharia|access-date=2024-02-20}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikh-heritage.co.uk/heritage/Amritsar/Amritsar.htm|title=Untitled Document}}</ref>]] Sardar Jassa Singh Ramgarhia te pran Fò Wouj Delhi a ansanm ak Sardar Baghel Singh . Li te detache twòn Anperè Mughal Aurangzeb la (sou ki li te pwobableman bay lòd pou touye 9yèm gourou Sikh la [[Guru Tegh Bahadur|, Guru Tegh Bahadur]] ) epi li te pote l sou elefan epi li te kenbe l nan Tanp an lò, Amritsar . Jouk jodi a li prezan nan Tanp an lò, nan minarè Ramgarhia Bunga . <ref name="sikhchic.com">{{Cite web|url=http://sikhchic.com/article-detail.php?id=2532&cat=14|title=Restoration of The Bunga Ramgharia|access-date=2024-02-20}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://sikhchic.com/article-detail.php?id=2532&cat=14 "Restoration of The Bunga Ramgharia"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> <ref name="Untitled Document">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikh-heritage.co.uk/heritage/Amritsar/Amritsar.htm|title=Untitled Document}}</ref> == Gade tou == * Atak Sikh yo sou Delhi dk7f62aonetzgasbw70m56l82o4bprc 0 97429 881097 2026-04-20T00:44:53Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348835673|Guru Hargobind]] » 881097 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Guru Hargobind''' ( Gurmukhi : ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿਗੋਬਿੰਦ, pwononsyasyon: {{Pwononsyasyon API|pa|gʊɾuː ɦəɾᵊgoːbɪn̯d̯ᵊ|}} l 19 jen 1595 – 28 fevriye 1644) te sizyèm nan dis gourou nan relijyon Sikh la. Li te vin gourou a laj de onz an, apre anperè Mughal Jahangir te egzekite papa l, Guru Arjan . Li te pase premye lavi li ak papa l nan Ramdaspur (Amritsar), pandan ke manda li kòm gourou te enplike li rete nan Bhai Ki Daroli, Goindwal, Kartarpur (Jalandhar), Hargobindpur, Gwalior, [[Lawo|Lahore]], ak Kiratpur, avèk vwayaj nan Agra, Nanakmatta, Kashmir, ak Malwa (Punjab) . Guru Hargobind te entwodui pwosesis militarizasyon an nan Sikhism, pwobableman kòm yon repons a ekzekisyon papa l 'epi pou pwoteje kominote Sikh la. Li te senbolize li lè li te mete de nepe, ki reprezante doub konsèp <nowiki><i id="mwQA">mīrī</i></nowiki> ak <nowiki><i id="mwQQ">pīrī</i></nowiki> (pouvwa tanporèl ak otorite espirityèl). Devan Harmandir Sahib nan Amritsar, Hargobind te konstwi Akal Takht la ( ''twon sila ki pa janm pase tan an'' ). Akal Takht la reprezante pi wo chèz otorite terès Khalsa a (kò kolektif Sikh yo) jodi a. Pami opinyon sosyal li yo, Guru Hargobind te konsidere fanm kòm konsyans limanite, li te ankouraje fòm vi yon chèf fanmi, li te dekouraje asetis, epi li te ankouraje maryaj kòm yon chemen pou reyalizasyon pwòp tèt ou. Kòmanse an 1606 epi fini lè li mouri an 1644, gouvènman li an te dezyèm pi long nan tout gouvènay Sikh yo, sèlman [[Guru Nanak]] te depase l, ki te dire 40 ane kòm gouvènay fondatè. == Premye lavi == [[Fichye:Guru_Ki_Wadali.jpg|vignette|Foto Gurdwara Guru Ki Wadali, nan distri Amritsar, ki te konstwi nan kote Guru Hargobind te fèt la.]] Guru Hargobind te fèt nan ''Guru kī Waḍālī'', nan dat 19 jen 1595, nan yon fanmi [[Sodhi]] Khatri nan yon vilaj 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) nan lwès Amritsar, sèl pitit gason Guru Arjan, senkyèm Guru Sikh la. Sepandan, Pashaura Singh sijere ke li te fèt 19 jen 1590. Li te pase premye sèz ane nan lavi li nan Ramdaspur (Amritsar) an prezans papa l. Dapre ajiografi Sikh yo, Guru Hargobind te siviv de tantativ anpwazònman pa tonton li Prithi Chand ak madanm li, Karmo, epi tou yon lòt tantativ pou touye li, lè Prithi Chand te voye yon kobra sou li. Premye tantativ anpwazònman an te enplike Karmo ki te voye enfimyè pèsonèl li pou fè tankou li enterese pran swen timoun Hargobind la. Sepandan, enfimyè a te mete pwazon sou pwent tete li ki te pou fè Hargobind mal pandan l t ap tete l, men jèn tigason an te refize pran l, konsa plan enfimyè a te echwe epi li menm li te vin malad ak pwazon an. Dezyèm plan anpwazònman an te enplike yon chamè koulèv ke Prithi Chand ak madanm li te voye pou asasinen jèn Hargobind la lè yo lage yon koulèv sou li, men yo di jèn tigason an te kenbe koulèv ki nan men l nan tèt li epi li te peze l jiskaske li mouri. Yon twazyèm tantativ pou touye l te fèt pa yon brahman, sou direksyon Prithi Chand ak madanm li. Brahman an te gen plan pou l melanje pwazon ak lèt kaye epi bay timoun Hargobind li manje l. Men, lè l te eseye fè sa, Hargobind te lage lèt kaye a nan men brahman an, li tonbe atè. Yon chen, yo te rele Pista, te manje l epi li mouri lè l te revele sa ki te danjere ladan l. Brahman an te mouri apre sa akoz pwoblèm nan vant. <ref name="hs" /> Li te soufri epi li te siviv varyòl lè l te timoun. <ref name="hs" /> <ref name=":0" /> Hargobind te grandi pou l vin "yon jèn gason wo ak bèl". <ref name=":0" /> Nan dat 4 novanm 1598, yon timoun Hargobind ki te gen uit an te temwen vizit anperè [[Akbar]] nan tribinal Sikh papa l, sa ki t ap gen yon enpak sou opinyon Hargobind yo. Hargobind te resevwa yon edikasyon nan men Bhai Gurdas ak Baba Buddha . <ref name=":0" /> Guru Hargobind te etidye tèks relijye yo avèk Bhai Gurdas epi Baba Budda te antrene l nan ladrès eskrime ak tire flèch. <ref name=":0" /> Li te resevwa enstriksyon tou sou divès lang, filozofi relijye, astwonomi, medsin, monte cheval ak administrasyon. Hargobind te pase yon bon pati nan premye ane li yo ap chante im nasyonal nan konplèks Harmandir Sahib nan Amritsar. <ref name="hs" /> === Ane nesans === Malgre ke 1595 se ane nesans gourou a ki jeneralman aksepte, gen kèk otè ak sous, tankou Kesar Singh Chhibar ak Bhat Vahis, ki anrejistre ane nesans li kòm 1590. Dapre Pashaura Singh, Bhatt Vahi Multani Sindhi anrejistre dat nesans Guru Hargobind kòm 19 jen 1590 ( ''asar'' 21 ''sambat'' 1647 nan kalandriye [[Vikram Samvat|Bikrami]] a). <ref name=":05" /> Sous ki konfime ane nesans 1595 la se ''Gurbilas Patshahi Chhevin'' (petèt 1718), ''Suraj Prakash'' (1844), ak ''Naveen Panth Prakash'' (1880), alòske ''Bansavilinama Dasan Patishahian Ka'' (1769), ''Rahitname Ate Ardas'', ak ''Bhatt Bahi Multani Sindhi'' sijere 1590. Pashaura deklare ke travay ki pi resan yo te kopye deklarasyon dat nesans Gurbilas Patshahi Chhevin nan. Nan travay li a, Pashaura Singh itilize 1590 kòm ane nesans pou Guru Hargobind. <ref name=":05" /> == Guruship == Nan dat 25 me 1606, Guru Arjan, senk jou anvan pwòp lanmò li, te chwazi pitit gason l Hargobind kòm siksesè li epi li te bay pitit gason l enstriksyon pou l kòmanse yon tradisyon militè pou pwoteje pèp Sikh la epi toujou rete antoure pa Sikh ame pou pwoteksyon. <ref name="pashaura" /> Yon ti tan apre, Arjan te arete, tòtire epi touye sou lòd Anperè Mughal Jahangir la nan dat 30 me 1606. Seremoni siksesyon Guru Hargobind te fèt nan dat 24 jen 1606. <ref name=":0" /> Li te mete de nepe: youn te endike otorite espirityèl li ( ''pīrī'' ) e lòt la, otorite tanporèl li ( ''mīrī'' ). <ref name="hssyan" /> Li te swiv konsèy papa l ki te mouri mati a epi li te toujou rete antoure pa Sikh ame pou pwoteksyon. Nimewo senkant-de a te espesyal nan lavi li, epi swit li te konpoze de senkant-de gason ame. Se konsa li te fonde tradisyon militè a nan lafwa Sikh la. <ref name="hssyan" /> <ref name="pashaura" /> Nepe konsève ki te pou li yo, ''piri tegh'' ak ''miri tegh'', nan Toshakhana nan Amritsar gen enskripsyon sou bagay masyal. Hargobind te fè konstwi Akal Takht nan Amritsar pou reprezante otorite tanporèl. Olye pou l ranplase ansèyman espirityèl ki te kòmanse ak Nanak yo, Hargobind te vle pou nouvo ansèyman masyal yo balanse tou de esfè espirityèl ak tanporèl lavi a. Fason Guru Hargobind te abiye (tiban style wayal ak yon aigrette wayal), kenbe yon lame, li te yon atis masyal, li te mete yon senti masyal, li te patwone konstriksyon fòtifikasyon, ak li te patisipe nan lachas te yon senbòl souverènte li ak yon defi kont otorite Mughal, avèk Sikh yo ki refere a Guru a kòm ''sacha padshah'' ("vrè wa") <ref name=":0" /> Guru a te yon atis masyal ( ''shastarvidyā'' ); li te ankouraje moun yo pou yo kenbe yon bon fòm fizik epi pou yo prepare kò yo pou konba fizik. Li te gen pwòp Darbar (lakou) li. Yo te kòmanse bay kèk nan disip devwe li yo zam ak fòmasyon. Guru a te vin gen sètsan (700) chwal epi Risaldari (kavalri) li a te grandi rive twasan (300) kavalye ak swasant (60) mousketè. Kòm eritye byen papa l ki te mouri a, Guru Hargobind te kapab finanse pwojè l yo ak pwopriyete ki te sitiye nan Amritsar, Tarn Taran, Sri Hargobindpur, ak Kartarpur. Guru Hargobind te eritye tou koleksyon literati papa l, ''pothi mahal'' la, ki se yon tradisyon bibliyotèk Sikh ki gen ladan ''gurbani'' konparab ak tradisyon Mughal ''kitab-khana'' a. Kòm yon pati nan eritaj sa a, Guru Hargobind te resevwa Goindwal Pothi a, epi li te kite otograf li sou youn nan pòtfolyo li yo pou make transmisyon li ba li. Anplis de sa, Guru a te kenbe nan lakou li ''ragis'' (mizisyen), ''pathis'' (resitatè), ak <nowiki><i id="mwARE">dhadhis</i></nowiki> (menestrel). De dhadis enpòtan nan Hargobind se te Mir Abdula ak Natha, ki te fè pèfòmans nan Akal Takht la. Pandan batay Amritsar la, Sikh yo te siveye pothi mahal la (bibliyotèk Sikh la). Apre sa, Guru Hargobind te pase tèks yo, ki te gen ladan tou de ''gutka'' ak ''pothi'', ki te konsève nan pothi mahal la bay asosye li yo, sètadi Bhai Rupa, Bidhi Chand, Sri Chand, ak yon Vanjara Sikh, epi tout kat maniskri sa yo te konsève jouk jounen jodi a. Konsènan ansèyman espirityèl li yo, Hargobind te mete aksan sou konsèp ''gurmat'' (ansèyman), ''hukam'' (volonte diven), ak ''naam simran'' (meditasyon). Guru Hargobind te konn leve byen bonè nan maten epi pratike ''naam simran'' . Li te konn koute ''kirtan'' tou ki te fèt kòm ''chaunkis'' nan Darbar Sahib nan Amritsar. Guru Hargobind te fè gèrye li yo mete yon ''kachhera'' (kalson anba), ''[[Kara (Sikhi)|kara]]'' (bag nan ponyèt), ak ''kirpan'' (epe). Hargobind te gen kat madanm: Damodari, Nanaki, Marvahi ak Kaula. Li te gen pitit ak twa madanm. De nan pi gran pitit gason l yo ak premye madanm nan te mouri pandan l ap viv. [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]], pitit gason l ki soti Nanaki, te vin nevyèm Guru Sikh la. Sodhis Anandpur Sahib yo se desandan Baba Suraj Mal Sodhi, youn nan pitit gason Guru Hargobind yo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2026)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Refòm yo === Refòm Guru Hargobind te pote nan sikhi a te gen efè ki dire lontan. Guru yo pa t konsantre sèlman sou zafè espirityèl ankò; yo te vin patisipe pi plis nan zafè mondyal, pandan yo t ap ini dimansyon espirityèl ak tanporèl yo. An menm tan, yo te adopte yon stil ki gen plis aspè “wayal.” Dapre Hardip Singh Syan, Hargobind te rive mete chanjman sa yo an plas lè li te vin tankou yon “seyè patrimwàn-feyodal,” pandan li t ap ofri disip li yo liberasyon espirityèl (''mukti'') ansanm ak sèvis oswa fonksyon (''naukari''). Anvan epòk li, tribinal Sikh la te sitou wè kòm yon espas ki bay sèvis (''seva'') ak favè (''prasad''). Sepandan, chanjman sa yo pa t fèt san dezakò. Bhai Gurdas te note nan ekriti li yo ke te gen tansyon nan kominote Sikh la sou refòm sa yo, epi li te ensiste sou enpòtans pou kenbe guru a kòm sant prensipal lafwa yon moun.   === Relasyon ak lòt wa yo === [[Fichye:Guru_Hargobind_is_released_from_Gwalior_Fort_by_Jahangir's_order.jpg|vignette|Guru Hargobind libere nan Fò Gwalior sou lòd Jahangir.]] Guru Hargobind te dirije repons Sikh la kont pouvwa Mughal la apre ekzekisyon Guru Arjan. Li te aksepte otorite Shah Jahan an nominalman men li te reziste pèsekisyon Islamik la, li te mennen kat lagè kont lame Shah Jahan yo. Tantativ li yo pou transfòme kominote Sikh la te mete l an konfli ak otorite Mughal la. Kwayans Sikh yo fè kwè ke Guru Hargobind te asire liberasyon senkant-de raja Rajput sou mòn yo pandan l t ap soti nan prizon nan Fò Gwalior, yon evènman Sikh yo selebre nan Diwali kòm Bandi Chhor Divas . ==== Jahangir ==== Ansanm ak ekzekisyon Guru Arjan Dev pa Wa Mughal Jahangir la, Guru Hargobind depi okòmansman te yon lènmi devwe nan rèy Mughal la. Li te konseye Sikh yo pou yo pran zam epi goumen ak Mughal yo. Lanmò papa l nan men Jahangir te pouse l mete aksan sou dimansyon militè kominote Sikh la. Li te mete de nepe senbolikman, ki te reprezante ''miri piri'' . Li te fonde Akal Sena a, premye lame Sikh la. Li te bati yon fò pou defann Ramdaspur epi li te kreye yon tribinal fòmèl, Akal Takht . Jahangir te reponn lè li te mete Guru Hargobind, ki te gen 14 an, nan prizon nan Fò Gwalior an 1609, sou pretèks ke Sikh yo ak Hargobind pa t peye amann yo te enpoze sou Guru Arjan an. Li pa klè konbyen tan li te pase kòm prizonye. Ane liberasyon li a sanble se te swa 1611 oswa 1612, lè Hargobind te gen anviwon 16 an. <ref name="mandair48" /> Dosye Pès yo, tankou ''Dabestan-e Mazaheb,'' sijere ke li te kenbe nan prizon pandan douz ane, ki gen ladan plis pase 1617–1619 nan Gwalior, apre sa li menm ak kan li a te anba siveyans lame Mughal pa Jahangir. Li pa klè poukisa yo te lage l. Entelektyèl yo sijere ke Jahangir te plis ou mwens retounen nan politik tolerans Akbar nan zòn 1611 apre li te santi l an sekirite sou twòn li, epi ofisyèl tribinal Sunni yo ak Naqshbandi yo nan tribinal Mughal la te pèdi favè li. Yon lòt teyori di ke Jahangir te dekouvri sikonstans yo epi li te santi ke Guru Hargobind te inosan, kidonk li te bay lòd pou yo lage l. Dapre Surjit Singh Gandhi, 52 rajas (wa) ki te nan prizon nan fò a kòm otaj pou "plizyè milyon roupi" e paske yo te opoze ak anpi Mughal la te dekouraje paske yo t ap pèdi yon konseye espirityèl. Guru Hargobind te mande pou yo libere rajas yo ansanm avè l tou e li te garanti konpòtman fidèl yo. Jahangir te bay lòd pou yo lage yo tou. Hargobind te fè koud yon wòb espesyal ki te gen 52 woulèt . Lè Hargobind t ap kite fò a, wa kaptif yo te kenbe woulèt manto a epi yo te soti avè l. Apre liberasyon li, Guru Hargobind te ranfòse lame Sikh la avèk plis diskresyon epi li te konsolide kominote Sikh la ankò.[1] Relasyon li ak Jahangir te rete sitou amikal. Li te akonpaye Jahangir nan Kashmir ak Rajputana epi li te soumèt Tara Chand nan Nalagarh, ki te kontinye pandan lontan nan rebelyon ouvè epi tout efò pou soumèt li te echwe.[2][3][4] Pandan rèy Jahangir, Hargobind te mennen yon batay kont Mughal yo nan Rohilla. Batay la te an repons a militarizasyon Sikh yo. Mughal yo ki te dirije pa Gouvènè Abdul Khan te bat pa Sikh yo. ==== Shah Jahan ==== Pandan rèy pitit gason Jahangir la ak siksesè li, Shah Jahan, ki te kòmanse an 1627, relasyon yo te vin anmè ankò. Shah Jahan te entoleran. Li te detwi pi eskalye Sikh la nan [[Lawo|Lahore]] . An 1628, gwoup lachas Shah Jahan nan te piye kèk nan pwopriyete Guru Hargobind yo, sa ki te deklanche premye konfli ame a. Lame Hargobind la te mennen batay ak lame Mughal Shah Jahan nan Amritsar, Kartarpur ak lòt kote. Hargobind te bat twoup Mughal yo toupre Amritsar nan batay Amritsar an 1634. Yon detachman Mughal pwovens atake Guru a ankò, men atakè yo te kraze epi lidè yo te mouri. Guru Hargobind te dirije lame li yo tou kont gouvènè Mughal pwovens yo. Guru a te prevwa retou yon fòs Mughal ki pi enpòtan, kidonk li te retrete nan Shivalik Hills pou ranfòse defans li ak lame li, ak yon baz nan Kiratpur kote li te kontinye rete jouktan li mouri. Shah Jahan te nonmen Painde Khan chèf twoup pwovens yo epi li te mache sou Guru a. Yo te atake Hargobind, men li te genyen batay sa a tou. Li te goumen tou nan batay Kartarpur la . [[Chandu Shah]], ki te bay lòd pou yo touye Guru Arjan, te mouri anba tòti pa Sikh Guru Hargobind yo: yo te mete yon bag fè epè nan nen li epi yo te trennen l atè jiskaske nonm ki te tòtire Arjan an, e ki te vin tounen yon Sikh depi lè sa a, te vide sab cho sou li ak menm louch yo te itilize sou Arjan an. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/biographical/hindu-bhagats-and-poets-and-punjabi-officials/chandu-shah/|title=CHANDU SHAH|last=Gujral|first=Maninder S.|date=2000-12-19|website=The Sikh Encyclopedia|language=en-US|access-date=2022-09-03}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Chandu_Shah|title=Chandu Shah - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia.|website=www.sikhiwiki.org|access-date=2022-09-03}}</ref> Guru Hargobind te pèdi pi gran pitit gason l lan , Baba Gurditta, an 1638. Shah Jahan te eseye mwayen politik pou febli tradisyon Sikh la lè li te divize epi enfliyanse siksesyon an. Chèf Mughal la te bay sibvansyon tè bay pi gran pitit gason Gurditta a, Dhir Mal, ki t ap viv nan Kartarpur, epi li te eseye ankouraje Sikh yo pou rekonèt Dhir Mal kòm siksesè lejitim Hargobind. Dhir Mal te pibliye deklarasyon an favè eta Mughal la epi li te kritike granpapa l. Hargobind te mouri nan Kiratpur, Rupnagar, Punjab, nan dat 28 fevriye 1644. Anvan lanmò li, li te rejte politik pi gran pitit pitit gason l lan, Dhir Mal, epi li te nonmen Guru Har Rai (ti frè Dhir Mal) pou siksesè li kòm Guru. <ref name="mandair49" /> Modèl la te repete lè Guru Har Rai te chwazi dezyèm pitit gason l lan kòm siksesè li olye de pi gran pitit gason l lan. ==== Samarth Ramdas ak Guru Hargobind ==== [[Fichye:Samarth_ramdas_&_guru_hargovindaji.jpg|vignette|Guru Hargobind ak Samarth Ramdas]] Selon tradisyon Sikhism ki baze sou ansyen maniskri Punjabi ''Panjah Sakhian'', Samarth Ramdas ta rankontre Guru Hargobind nan Srinagar, nan rejyon mòn Garhwal. Rankont sa a, ki jwenn konfimasyon nan yon sous Marathi (''Ramdas’s Bakhar'' pa Hanumant Swami, ekri an 1793), ta sanble te fèt nan kòmansman ane 1630 yo, pandan vwayaj pelerinaj Ramdas nan nò a ak vwayaj Hargobind nan Nanakmatta nan lès la. Yo rakonte lè yo te rankontre, Guru Hargobind te fèk retounen soti nan yon lachas; li te byen ame epi li te sou cheval. Ramdas ta di: “Mwen tande ou pran plas sou gaddi Guru Nanak la,” epi li te mande ki kalite sadhu li te ye. Hargobind te reponn: “Anndan mwen se yon èmit, men deyò mwen se yon prens. Zam yo sèvi pou pwoteje pòv yo epi kraze tirani. Guru Nanak pa t abandone mond lan, men li te abandone ''maya''.” == Maryaj == Guru Hargobind te gen plizyè madanm, men ki se: * Mata Damodari (1597 – 13 Jiyè 1631), te marye nan dat 15 Fevriye 1605, ki te fè Baba Gurditta (fèt an 1613) ak Bibi Viro (fèt an 1615) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eos.learnpunjabi.org/DAMODARI%20MATA%20(1597-1631).html|title=DAMODARĪ, MĀTĀ (1597-1631)|last=Singh|first=Gurnek|date=|website=Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Online Edition)|publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala|access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref> * Mata Marvahi/Mahadevi (mouri 1645), marye sou 7 jiyè 1615, ki te fèt Suraj Mal (b. 1617) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eos.learnpunjabi.org/MAHA%20DEVI%20MATA%20(D.%201645).html|title=MAHĀ DEVĪ, MĀTĀ (d. 1645)|last=Singh|first=Gurnek|date=|website=Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Online Edition)|publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala|access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref> * Mata Nanaki (d. 1678), marye nan mwa avril 1613, ki te fèt Ani Rai (b. 1618), Atal Rai (b. 1619), ak Guru Tegh Bahadur (b. 1621) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eos.learnpunjabi.org/NANAKI%20MATA%20(D.%201678).html|title=NĀNAKĪ, MĀTĀ (d. 1678)|last=Bannerjee|first=A. C.|date=|website=Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Online Edition)|publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala|access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eos.learnpunjabi.org/ANI%20RAI%20BABA%20(B.%201618).html|title=AṆĪ RĀI, BĀBĀ (b. 1618)|last=Singh|first=Gurnek|website=Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Online Edition)|publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala|access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eos.learnpunjabi.org/ATAL%20RAI%20BABA%20(1619-1628).html|title=AṬAL RĀI, BĀBĀ (1619-1628)|last=Singh|first=Gurnek|website=Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Online Edition)|publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala|access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref> == Lanmò == Li te nonmen pitit pitit gason l lan pou ranplase l kòm setyèm Guru Har Rai a. Li te mouri an 1644 nan Kiratpur Sahib, yon vil sou bò larivyè Sutlej la, epi yo te boule l sou bò larivyè a, kote Gurdwara Patalpuri Sahib ye kounye a. == Pwen de vi sèktèryan == Refòm Guru Hargobind yo te gen yon enpak tou sou Minas yo, yon sèk ki te vin tounen yon gwo opozan liy prensipal gourou Sikh yo. Anvan rèy Guru Hargobind, literati Mina a te imite ekriti ak aparans senk gourou anvan yo nan yon stil, tout pandan y ap prezante tèt yo kòm siperyè espirityèlman. <ref name="ss" /> Sepandan, Guru Hargobind te konpòte li trè diferan de gourou anvan yo, kidonk Minas yo pa t kapab imite prensip li yo, e pakonsekan yo te oblije kontinye reflete anviwònman tribinal Sikh pre-Guru Hargobind la. <ref name="ss" /> Se poutèt sa, Minas yo te eseye prezante tèt yo kòm prezèvatè bhakti orijinal lafwa Sikh la, tout pandan y ap prezante kòm rezilta ke Guru Hargobind te yon jan kanmenm devye de chemen valè Sikh orijinal yo ak panse sosyopolitik. <ref name="ss" /> == Literati == Nan tradisyon Sikh la, yo pa konsidere Guru Hargoind kòm si li te konpoze pwòp pwezi pa li, kontrèman ak predesesè li yo. Sepandan, yo atribiye ba li de lèt ( ''[[Hukamnama|hukamnamas]]'' ) ki ekri an pwoz. Nan lèt li yo, li te mete aksan sou non ''kartar'' (kreyatè) pou ''naam simran'' . Yo te prepare maniskri ekriti Sikh yo pandan gouvènman li an epi li te plede pou Sikh yo prepare pwòp gurbani pothis yo. == Batay ak eskirmouch li yo == # Battle of Sangrana (1628) # Battle of Rohilla (1630) # Battle of Amritsar (1634) # Battle of Lahira, 1634 # Battle for Maham # Battle of Padiala # Battle of Kiratpur # Battle of Kartarpur, 1635 # Battle of Phagwara, 1635 == Kilti popilè == Fim anime Punjabi ''Dastaan-E-Miri Piri'' a pale de Guru Hargobind ak kontribisyon li nan lafwa ak kominote Sikh la. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10469048/?ref_=wl_li_tt|title=Dastaan-E-Miri Piri|website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> Istwa lavi ak ansèyman Guru Hargobind te enfliyanse tèm sezon 2023 la ak travay atistik ekip foutbòl ameriken Dallas Cowboys yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://insidethestar.com/carpe-omnia-dallas-cowboys-intend-to-seize-everything-in-2023/|title=Carpe omnia: Dallas Cowboys intend to 'seize everything' in 2023|last=Monet|first=Jazz|date=2023-09-07|website=Inside The Star|language=en-US|access-date=2023-09-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rozanaspokesman.in/news/sports/070923/nfl-dallas-cowboys-are-wearing-hoodies-with-emblem-of-famous-sikh-warr.html|title=ਅਮਰੀਕਾ 'ਚ ਨੈਸ਼ਨਲ ਫੁੱਟਬਾਲ ਲੀਗ ਦੀ ਟੀਮ Dallas Cowboys ਨੇ ਜਰਸੀ 'ਤੇ ਲਗਾਈ ਜਰਨੈਲ ਹਰੀ ਸਿੰਘ ਨਲੂਆ ਦੀ ਤਸਵੀਰ|last=Kaur|first=Kamaljit|date=2023-09-07|website=Rozana Spokesman|language=pa|trans-title=Dallas Cowboys team of the National Football League in America put the picture of General Hari Singh Nalua on the jersey|access-date=2023-09-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/sports/cowboys/2023/09/06/what-is-carpe-omnia-mike-mccarthys-2023-theme-for-cowboys-is-about-seizing-everything/|title=What is Carpe Omnia? Mike McCarthy's 2023 theme for Cowboys is about seizing everything|last=Gehlken|first=Michael|date=2023-09-07|website=Dallas News|language=en|access-date=2023-09-08}}</ref> == Galri == <gallery> Fichye:Guru_Arjan_with_a_young_Hargobind.jpg|alt=Guru Arjan (seated, middle) with a young Hargobind (left).| Guru Arjan (chita, nan mitan) ak yon jèn Hargobind (agoch). Fichye:Guru_Hargobind_depicted_alongside_Ani_Rai_and_Atal_Rai.jpg|alt=Guru Hargobind depicted alongside Ani Rai and Atal Rai.| Guru Hargobind reprezante ansanm ak Ani Rai ak Atal Rai. Fichye:Contemporary_equestrian_painting_of_Guru_Hargobind_with_an_orange-coloured_backdrop,_held_in_the_collection_of_the_Sodhi_family_of_Kartarpur,_circa_mid-17th_century.jpg|alt=Guru Hargobind out riding.| Guru Hargobind ap monte cheval. Fichye:Painting_of_Bhai_Rupa_Chand_and_Guru_Hargobind_seated_together,_circa_mid-17th_century.jpg|alt=Bhai Rupa Chand (right) with Guru Hargobind (left).| Bhai Rupa Chand (adwat) ak Guru Hargobind (agoch). Fichye:Fresco_artwork_of_Guru_Hargobind.jpg|alt=Fresco artwork of Guru Hargobind (seated).| Travay atistik sou fresko Guru Hargobind (chita). Fichye:Ancient_Painting_of_Guru_Hargobind_Sahib_ji.jpg|alt=Ancient Painting of Guru Hargobind| Ansyen penti Guru Hargobind Fichye:Painting_of_Guru_Hargobind_seated_against_a_bolster_whilst_holding_a_bird_of_prey,_kept_in_the_Bhai_Rupa_Chand_collection.jpg|alt=Mid-17th century portrait of Guru Hargobind holding a bird of prey| Pòtrè Guru Hargobind nan mitan 17yèm syèk la k ap kenbe yon zwazo predatè. </gallery> 4hh8giv9ssuco3i9sybbht6jtzwoa3d 881098 881097 2026-04-20T00:45:55Z 1104s72 38991 881098 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Guru Hargobind''' ( Gurmukhi : ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿਗੋਬਿੰਦ, pwononsyasyon: {{Pwononsyasyon API|pa|gʊɾuː ɦəɾᵊgoːbɪn̯d̯ᵊ|}} l 19 jen 1595 – 28 fevriye 1644) te sizyèm nan dis gourou nan relijyon Sikh la. Li te vin gourou a laj de onz an, apre anperè Mughal Jahangir te egzekite papa l, Guru Arjan . Li te pase premye lavi li ak papa l nan Ramdaspur (Amritsar), pandan ke manda li kòm gourou te enplike li rete nan Bhai Ki Daroli, Goindwal, Kartarpur (Jalandhar), Hargobindpur, Gwalior, [[Lawo|Lahore]], ak Kiratpur, avèk vwayaj nan Agra, Nanakmatta, Kashmir, ak Malwa (Punjab) . Guru Hargobind te entwodui pwosesis militarizasyon an nan Sikhism, pwobableman kòm yon repons a ekzekisyon papa l 'epi pou pwoteje kominote Sikh la. Li te senbolize li lè li te mete de nepe, ki reprezante doub konsèp Miri piri (pouvwa tanporèl ak otorite espirityèl). Devan Harmandir Sahib nan Amritsar, Hargobind te konstwi Akal Takht la ( ''twon sila ki pa janm pase tan an'' ). Akal Takht la reprezante pi wo chèz otorite terès Khalsa a (kò kolektif Sikh yo) jodi a. Pami opinyon sosyal li yo, Guru Hargobind te konsidere fanm kòm konsyans limanite, li te ankouraje fòm vi yon chèf fanmi, li te dekouraje asetis, epi li te ankouraje maryaj kòm yon chemen pou reyalizasyon pwòp tèt ou. Kòmanse an 1606 epi fini lè li mouri an 1644, gouvènman li an te dezyèm pi long nan tout gouvènay Sikh yo, sèlman [[Guru Nanak]] te depase l, ki te dire 40 ane kòm gouvènay fondatè. == Premye lavi == [[Fichye:Guru_Ki_Wadali.jpg|vignette|Foto Gurdwara Guru Ki Wadali, nan distri Amritsar, ki te konstwi nan kote Guru Hargobind te fèt la.]] Guru Hargobind te fèt nan ''Guru kī Waḍālī'', nan dat 19 jen 1595, nan yon fanmi [[Sodhi]] Khatri nan yon vilaj 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) nan lwès Amritsar, sèl pitit gason Guru Arjan, senkyèm Guru Sikh la. Sepandan, Pashaura Singh sijere ke li te fèt 19 jen 1590. Li te pase premye sèz ane nan lavi li nan Ramdaspur (Amritsar) an prezans papa l. Dapre ajiografi Sikh yo, Guru Hargobind te siviv de tantativ anpwazònman pa tonton li Prithi Chand ak madanm li, Karmo, epi tou yon lòt tantativ pou touye li, lè Prithi Chand te voye yon kobra sou li. Premye tantativ anpwazònman an te enplike Karmo ki te voye enfimyè pèsonèl li pou fè tankou li enterese pran swen timoun Hargobind la. Sepandan, enfimyè a te mete pwazon sou pwent tete li ki te pou fè Hargobind mal pandan l t ap tete l, men jèn tigason an te refize pran l, konsa plan enfimyè a te echwe epi li menm li te vin malad ak pwazon an. Dezyèm plan anpwazònman an te enplike yon chamè koulèv ke Prithi Chand ak madanm li te voye pou asasinen jèn Hargobind la lè yo lage yon koulèv sou li, men yo di jèn tigason an te kenbe koulèv ki nan men l nan tèt li epi li te peze l jiskaske li mouri. Yon twazyèm tantativ pou touye l te fèt pa yon brahman, sou direksyon Prithi Chand ak madanm li. Brahman an te gen plan pou l melanje pwazon ak lèt kaye epi bay timoun Hargobind li manje l. Men, lè l te eseye fè sa, Hargobind te lage lèt kaye a nan men brahman an, li tonbe atè. Yon chen, yo te rele Pista, te manje l epi li mouri lè l te revele sa ki te danjere ladan l. Brahman an te mouri apre sa akoz pwoblèm nan vant. <ref name="hs" /> Li te soufri epi li te siviv varyòl lè l te timoun. <ref name="hs" /> <ref name=":0" /> Hargobind te grandi pou l vin "yon jèn gason wo ak bèl". <ref name=":0" /> Nan dat 4 novanm 1598, yon timoun Hargobind ki te gen uit an te temwen vizit anperè [[Akbar]] nan tribinal Sikh papa l, sa ki t ap gen yon enpak sou opinyon Hargobind yo. Hargobind te resevwa yon edikasyon nan men Bhai Gurdas ak Baba Buddha . <ref name=":0" /> Guru Hargobind te etidye tèks relijye yo avèk Bhai Gurdas epi Baba Budda te antrene l nan ladrès eskrime ak tire flèch. <ref name=":0" /> Li te resevwa enstriksyon tou sou divès lang, filozofi relijye, astwonomi, medsin, monte cheval ak administrasyon. Hargobind te pase yon bon pati nan premye ane li yo ap chante im nasyonal nan konplèks Harmandir Sahib nan Amritsar. <ref name="hs" /> === Ane nesans === Malgre ke 1595 se ane nesans gourou a ki jeneralman aksepte, gen kèk otè ak sous, tankou Kesar Singh Chhibar ak Bhat Vahis, ki anrejistre ane nesans li kòm 1590. Dapre Pashaura Singh, Bhatt Vahi Multani Sindhi anrejistre dat nesans Guru Hargobind kòm 19 jen 1590 ( ''asar'' 21 ''sambat'' 1647 nan kalandriye [[Vikram Samvat|Bikrami]] a). <ref name=":05" /> Sous ki konfime ane nesans 1595 la se ''Gurbilas Patshahi Chhevin'' (petèt 1718), ''Suraj Prakash'' (1844), ak ''Naveen Panth Prakash'' (1880), alòske ''Bansavilinama Dasan Patishahian Ka'' (1769), ''Rahitname Ate Ardas'', ak ''Bhatt Bahi Multani Sindhi'' sijere 1590. Pashaura deklare ke travay ki pi resan yo te kopye deklarasyon dat nesans Gurbilas Patshahi Chhevin nan. Nan travay li a, Pashaura Singh itilize 1590 kòm ane nesans pou Guru Hargobind. <ref name=":05" /> == Guruship == Nan dat 25 me 1606, Guru Arjan, senk jou anvan pwòp lanmò li, te chwazi pitit gason l Hargobind kòm siksesè li epi li te bay pitit gason l enstriksyon pou l kòmanse yon tradisyon militè pou pwoteje pèp Sikh la epi toujou rete antoure pa Sikh ame pou pwoteksyon. <ref name="pashaura" /> Yon ti tan apre, Arjan te arete, tòtire epi touye sou lòd Anperè Mughal Jahangir la nan dat 30 me 1606. Seremoni siksesyon Guru Hargobind te fèt nan dat 24 jen 1606. <ref name=":0" /> Li te mete de nepe: youn te endike otorite espirityèl li ( ''pīrī'' ) e lòt la, otorite tanporèl li ( ''mīrī'' ). <ref name="hssyan" /> Li te swiv konsèy papa l ki te mouri mati a epi li te toujou rete antoure pa Sikh ame pou pwoteksyon. Nimewo senkant-de a te espesyal nan lavi li, epi swit li te konpoze de senkant-de gason ame. Se konsa li te fonde tradisyon militè a nan lafwa Sikh la. <ref name="hssyan" /> <ref name="pashaura" /> Nepe konsève ki te pou li yo, ''piri tegh'' ak ''miri tegh'', nan Toshakhana nan Amritsar gen enskripsyon sou bagay masyal. Hargobind te fè konstwi Akal Takht nan Amritsar pou reprezante otorite tanporèl. Olye pou l ranplase ansèyman espirityèl ki te kòmanse ak Nanak yo, Hargobind te vle pou nouvo ansèyman masyal yo balanse tou de esfè espirityèl ak tanporèl lavi a. Fason Guru Hargobind te abiye (tiban style wayal ak yon aigrette wayal), kenbe yon lame, li te yon atis masyal, li te mete yon senti masyal, li te patwone konstriksyon fòtifikasyon, ak li te patisipe nan lachas te yon senbòl souverènte li ak yon defi kont otorite Mughal, avèk Sikh yo ki refere a Guru a kòm ''sacha padshah'' ("vrè wa") <ref name=":0" /> Guru a te yon atis masyal ( ''shastarvidyā'' ); li te ankouraje moun yo pou yo kenbe yon bon fòm fizik epi pou yo prepare kò yo pou konba fizik. Li te gen pwòp Darbar (lakou) li. Yo te kòmanse bay kèk nan disip devwe li yo zam ak fòmasyon. Guru a te vin gen sètsan (700) chwal epi Risaldari (kavalri) li a te grandi rive twasan (300) kavalye ak swasant (60) mousketè. Kòm eritye byen papa l ki te mouri a, Guru Hargobind te kapab finanse pwojè l yo ak pwopriyete ki te sitiye nan Amritsar, Tarn Taran, Sri Hargobindpur, ak Kartarpur. Guru Hargobind te eritye tou koleksyon literati papa l, ''pothi mahal'' la, ki se yon tradisyon bibliyotèk Sikh ki gen ladan ''gurbani'' konparab ak tradisyon Mughal ''kitab-khana'' a. Kòm yon pati nan eritaj sa a, Guru Hargobind te resevwa Goindwal Pothi a, epi li te kite otograf li sou youn nan pòtfolyo li yo pou make transmisyon li ba li. Anplis de sa, Guru a te kenbe nan lakou li ''ragis'' (mizisyen), ''pathis'' (resitatè), ak <nowiki><i id="mwARE">dhadhis</i></nowiki> (menestrel). De dhadis enpòtan nan Hargobind se te Mir Abdula ak Natha, ki te fè pèfòmans nan Akal Takht la. Pandan batay Amritsar la, Sikh yo te siveye pothi mahal la (bibliyotèk Sikh la). Apre sa, Guru Hargobind te pase tèks yo, ki te gen ladan tou de ''gutka'' ak ''pothi'', ki te konsève nan pothi mahal la bay asosye li yo, sètadi Bhai Rupa, Bidhi Chand, Sri Chand, ak yon Vanjara Sikh, epi tout kat maniskri sa yo te konsève jouk jounen jodi a. Konsènan ansèyman espirityèl li yo, Hargobind te mete aksan sou konsèp ''gurmat'' (ansèyman), ''hukam'' (volonte diven), ak ''naam simran'' (meditasyon). Guru Hargobind te konn leve byen bonè nan maten epi pratike ''naam simran'' . Li te konn koute ''kirtan'' tou ki te fèt kòm ''chaunkis'' nan Darbar Sahib nan Amritsar. Guru Hargobind te fè gèrye li yo mete yon ''kachhera'' (kalson anba), ''[[Kara (Sikhi)|kara]]'' (bag nan ponyèt), ak ''kirpan'' (epe). Hargobind te gen kat madanm: Damodari, Nanaki, Marvahi ak Kaula. Li te gen pitit ak twa madanm. De nan pi gran pitit gason l yo ak premye madanm nan te mouri pandan l ap viv. [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]], pitit gason l ki soti Nanaki, te vin nevyèm Guru Sikh la. Sodhis Anandpur Sahib yo se desandan Baba Suraj Mal Sodhi, youn nan pitit gason Guru Hargobind yo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2026)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Refòm yo === Refòm Guru Hargobind te pote nan sikhi a te gen efè ki dire lontan. Guru yo pa t konsantre sèlman sou zafè espirityèl ankò; yo te vin patisipe pi plis nan zafè mondyal, pandan yo t ap ini dimansyon espirityèl ak tanporèl yo. An menm tan, yo te adopte yon stil ki gen plis aspè “wayal.” Dapre Hardip Singh Syan, Hargobind te rive mete chanjman sa yo an plas lè li te vin tankou yon “seyè patrimwàn-feyodal,” pandan li t ap ofri disip li yo liberasyon espirityèl (''mukti'') ansanm ak sèvis oswa fonksyon (''naukari''). Anvan epòk li, tribinal Sikh la te sitou wè kòm yon espas ki bay sèvis (''seva'') ak favè (''prasad''). Sepandan, chanjman sa yo pa t fèt san dezakò. Bhai Gurdas te note nan ekriti li yo ke te gen tansyon nan kominote Sikh la sou refòm sa yo, epi li te ensiste sou enpòtans pou kenbe guru a kòm sant prensipal lafwa yon moun.   === Relasyon ak lòt wa yo === [[Fichye:Guru_Hargobind_is_released_from_Gwalior_Fort_by_Jahangir's_order.jpg|vignette|Guru Hargobind libere nan Fò Gwalior sou lòd Jahangir.]] Guru Hargobind te dirije repons Sikh la kont pouvwa Mughal la apre ekzekisyon Guru Arjan. Li te aksepte otorite Shah Jahan an nominalman men li te reziste pèsekisyon Islamik la, li te mennen kat lagè kont lame Shah Jahan yo. Tantativ li yo pou transfòme kominote Sikh la te mete l an konfli ak otorite Mughal la. Kwayans Sikh yo fè kwè ke Guru Hargobind te asire liberasyon senkant-de raja Rajput sou mòn yo pandan l t ap soti nan prizon nan Fò Gwalior, yon evènman Sikh yo selebre nan Diwali kòm Bandi Chhor Divas . ==== Jahangir ==== Ansanm ak ekzekisyon Guru Arjan Dev pa Wa Mughal Jahangir la, Guru Hargobind depi okòmansman te yon lènmi devwe nan rèy Mughal la. Li te konseye Sikh yo pou yo pran zam epi goumen ak Mughal yo. Lanmò papa l nan men Jahangir te pouse l mete aksan sou dimansyon militè kominote Sikh la. Li te mete de nepe senbolikman, ki te reprezante ''miri piri'' . Li te fonde Akal Sena a, premye lame Sikh la. Li te bati yon fò pou defann Ramdaspur epi li te kreye yon tribinal fòmèl, Akal Takht . Jahangir te reponn lè li te mete Guru Hargobind, ki te gen 14 an, nan prizon nan Fò Gwalior an 1609, sou pretèks ke Sikh yo ak Hargobind pa t peye amann yo te enpoze sou Guru Arjan an. Li pa klè konbyen tan li te pase kòm prizonye. Ane liberasyon li a sanble se te swa 1611 oswa 1612, lè Hargobind te gen anviwon 16 an. <ref name="mandair48" /> Dosye Pès yo, tankou ''Dabestan-e Mazaheb,'' sijere ke li te kenbe nan prizon pandan douz ane, ki gen ladan plis pase 1617–1619 nan Gwalior, apre sa li menm ak kan li a te anba siveyans lame Mughal pa Jahangir. Li pa klè poukisa yo te lage l. Entelektyèl yo sijere ke Jahangir te plis ou mwens retounen nan politik tolerans Akbar nan zòn 1611 apre li te santi l an sekirite sou twòn li, epi ofisyèl tribinal Sunni yo ak Naqshbandi yo nan tribinal Mughal la te pèdi favè li. Yon lòt teyori di ke Jahangir te dekouvri sikonstans yo epi li te santi ke Guru Hargobind te inosan, kidonk li te bay lòd pou yo lage l. Dapre Surjit Singh Gandhi, 52 rajas (wa) ki te nan prizon nan fò a kòm otaj pou "plizyè milyon roupi" e paske yo te opoze ak anpi Mughal la te dekouraje paske yo t ap pèdi yon konseye espirityèl. Guru Hargobind te mande pou yo libere rajas yo ansanm avè l tou e li te garanti konpòtman fidèl yo. Jahangir te bay lòd pou yo lage yo tou. Hargobind te fè koud yon wòb espesyal ki te gen 52 woulèt . Lè Hargobind t ap kite fò a, wa kaptif yo te kenbe woulèt manto a epi yo te soti avè l. Apre liberasyon li, Guru Hargobind te ranfòse lame Sikh la avèk plis diskresyon epi li te konsolide kominote Sikh la ankò.[1] Relasyon li ak Jahangir te rete sitou amikal. Li te akonpaye Jahangir nan Kashmir ak Rajputana epi li te soumèt Tara Chand nan Nalagarh, ki te kontinye pandan lontan nan rebelyon ouvè epi tout efò pou soumèt li te echwe.[2][3][4] Pandan rèy Jahangir, Hargobind te mennen yon batay kont Mughal yo nan Rohilla. Batay la te an repons a militarizasyon Sikh yo. Mughal yo ki te dirije pa Gouvènè Abdul Khan te bat pa Sikh yo. ==== Shah Jahan ==== Pandan rèy pitit gason Jahangir la ak siksesè li, Shah Jahan, ki te kòmanse an 1627, relasyon yo te vin anmè ankò. Shah Jahan te entoleran. Li te detwi pi eskalye Sikh la nan [[Lawo|Lahore]] . An 1628, gwoup lachas Shah Jahan nan te piye kèk nan pwopriyete Guru Hargobind yo, sa ki te deklanche premye konfli ame a. Lame Hargobind la te mennen batay ak lame Mughal Shah Jahan nan Amritsar, Kartarpur ak lòt kote. Hargobind te bat twoup Mughal yo toupre Amritsar nan batay Amritsar an 1634. Yon detachman Mughal pwovens atake Guru a ankò, men atakè yo te kraze epi lidè yo te mouri. Guru Hargobind te dirije lame li yo tou kont gouvènè Mughal pwovens yo. Guru a te prevwa retou yon fòs Mughal ki pi enpòtan, kidonk li te retrete nan Shivalik Hills pou ranfòse defans li ak lame li, ak yon baz nan Kiratpur kote li te kontinye rete jouktan li mouri. Shah Jahan te nonmen Painde Khan chèf twoup pwovens yo epi li te mache sou Guru a. Yo te atake Hargobind, men li te genyen batay sa a tou. Li te goumen tou nan batay Kartarpur la . [[Chandu Shah]], ki te bay lòd pou yo touye Guru Arjan, te mouri anba tòti pa Sikh Guru Hargobind yo: yo te mete yon bag fè epè nan nen li epi yo te trennen l atè jiskaske nonm ki te tòtire Arjan an, e ki te vin tounen yon Sikh depi lè sa a, te vide sab cho sou li ak menm louch yo te itilize sou Arjan an. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/biographical/hindu-bhagats-and-poets-and-punjabi-officials/chandu-shah/|title=CHANDU SHAH|last=Gujral|first=Maninder S.|date=2000-12-19|website=The Sikh Encyclopedia|language=en-US|access-date=2022-09-03}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Chandu_Shah|title=Chandu Shah - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia.|website=www.sikhiwiki.org|access-date=2022-09-03}}</ref> Guru Hargobind te pèdi pi gran pitit gason l lan , Baba Gurditta, an 1638. Shah Jahan te eseye mwayen politik pou febli tradisyon Sikh la lè li te divize epi enfliyanse siksesyon an. Chèf Mughal la te bay sibvansyon tè bay pi gran pitit gason Gurditta a, Dhir Mal, ki t ap viv nan Kartarpur, epi li te eseye ankouraje Sikh yo pou rekonèt Dhir Mal kòm siksesè lejitim Hargobind. Dhir Mal te pibliye deklarasyon an favè eta Mughal la epi li te kritike granpapa l. Hargobind te mouri nan Kiratpur, Rupnagar, Punjab, nan dat 28 fevriye 1644. Anvan lanmò li, li te rejte politik pi gran pitit pitit gason l lan, Dhir Mal, epi li te nonmen Guru Har Rai (ti frè Dhir Mal) pou siksesè li kòm Guru. <ref name="mandair49" /> Modèl la te repete lè Guru Har Rai te chwazi dezyèm pitit gason l lan kòm siksesè li olye de pi gran pitit gason l lan. ==== Samarth Ramdas ak Guru Hargobind ==== [[Fichye:Samarth_ramdas_&_guru_hargovindaji.jpg|vignette|Guru Hargobind ak Samarth Ramdas]] Selon tradisyon Sikhism ki baze sou ansyen maniskri Punjabi ''Panjah Sakhian'', Samarth Ramdas ta rankontre Guru Hargobind nan Srinagar, nan rejyon mòn Garhwal. Rankont sa a, ki jwenn konfimasyon nan yon sous Marathi (''Ramdas’s Bakhar'' pa Hanumant Swami, ekri an 1793), ta sanble te fèt nan kòmansman ane 1630 yo, pandan vwayaj pelerinaj Ramdas nan nò a ak vwayaj Hargobind nan Nanakmatta nan lès la. Yo rakonte lè yo te rankontre, Guru Hargobind te fèk retounen soti nan yon lachas; li te byen ame epi li te sou cheval. Ramdas ta di: “Mwen tande ou pran plas sou gaddi Guru Nanak la,” epi li te mande ki kalite sadhu li te ye. Hargobind te reponn: “Anndan mwen se yon èmit, men deyò mwen se yon prens. Zam yo sèvi pou pwoteje pòv yo epi kraze tirani. Guru Nanak pa t abandone mond lan, men li te abandone ''maya''.” == Maryaj == Guru Hargobind te gen plizyè madanm, men ki se: * Mata Damodari (1597 – 13 Jiyè 1631), te marye nan dat 15 Fevriye 1605, ki te fè Baba Gurditta (fèt an 1613) ak Bibi Viro (fèt an 1615) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eos.learnpunjabi.org/DAMODARI%20MATA%20(1597-1631).html|title=DAMODARĪ, MĀTĀ (1597-1631)|last=Singh|first=Gurnek|date=|website=Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Online Edition)|publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala|access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref> * Mata Marvahi/Mahadevi (mouri 1645), marye sou 7 jiyè 1615, ki te fèt Suraj Mal (b. 1617) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eos.learnpunjabi.org/MAHA%20DEVI%20MATA%20(D.%201645).html|title=MAHĀ DEVĪ, MĀTĀ (d. 1645)|last=Singh|first=Gurnek|date=|website=Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Online Edition)|publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala|access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref> * Mata Nanaki (d. 1678), marye nan mwa avril 1613, ki te fèt Ani Rai (b. 1618), Atal Rai (b. 1619), ak Guru Tegh Bahadur (b. 1621) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eos.learnpunjabi.org/NANAKI%20MATA%20(D.%201678).html|title=NĀNAKĪ, MĀTĀ (d. 1678)|last=Bannerjee|first=A. C.|date=|website=Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Online Edition)|publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala|access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eos.learnpunjabi.org/ANI%20RAI%20BABA%20(B.%201618).html|title=AṆĪ RĀI, BĀBĀ (b. 1618)|last=Singh|first=Gurnek|website=Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Online Edition)|publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala|access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eos.learnpunjabi.org/ATAL%20RAI%20BABA%20(1619-1628).html|title=AṬAL RĀI, BĀBĀ (1619-1628)|last=Singh|first=Gurnek|website=Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Online Edition)|publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala|access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref> == Lanmò == Li te nonmen pitit pitit gason l lan pou ranplase l kòm setyèm Guru Har Rai a. Li te mouri an 1644 nan Kiratpur Sahib, yon vil sou bò larivyè Sutlej la, epi yo te boule l sou bò larivyè a, kote Gurdwara Patalpuri Sahib ye kounye a. == Pwen de vi sèktèryan == Refòm Guru Hargobind yo te gen yon enpak tou sou Minas yo, yon sèk ki te vin tounen yon gwo opozan liy prensipal gourou Sikh yo. Anvan rèy Guru Hargobind, literati Mina a te imite ekriti ak aparans senk gourou anvan yo nan yon stil, tout pandan y ap prezante tèt yo kòm siperyè espirityèlman. <ref name="ss" /> Sepandan, Guru Hargobind te konpòte li trè diferan de gourou anvan yo, kidonk Minas yo pa t kapab imite prensip li yo, e pakonsekan yo te oblije kontinye reflete anviwònman tribinal Sikh pre-Guru Hargobind la. <ref name="ss" /> Se poutèt sa, Minas yo te eseye prezante tèt yo kòm prezèvatè bhakti orijinal lafwa Sikh la, tout pandan y ap prezante kòm rezilta ke Guru Hargobind te yon jan kanmenm devye de chemen valè Sikh orijinal yo ak panse sosyopolitik. <ref name="ss" /> == Literati == Nan tradisyon Sikh la, yo pa konsidere Guru Hargoind kòm si li te konpoze pwòp pwezi pa li, kontrèman ak predesesè li yo. Sepandan, yo atribiye ba li de lèt ( ''[[Hukamnama|hukamnamas]]'' ) ki ekri an pwoz. Nan lèt li yo, li te mete aksan sou non ''kartar'' (kreyatè) pou ''naam simran'' . Yo te prepare maniskri ekriti Sikh yo pandan gouvènman li an epi li te plede pou Sikh yo prepare pwòp gurbani pothis yo. == Batay ak eskirmouch li yo == # Battle of Sangrana (1628) # Battle of Rohilla (1630) # Battle of Amritsar (1634) # Battle of Lahira, 1634 # Battle for Maham # Battle of Padiala # Battle of Kiratpur # Battle of Kartarpur, 1635 # Battle of Phagwara, 1635 == Kilti popilè == Fim anime Punjabi ''Dastaan-E-Miri Piri'' a pale de Guru Hargobind ak kontribisyon li nan lafwa ak kominote Sikh la. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10469048/?ref_=wl_li_tt|title=Dastaan-E-Miri Piri|website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> Istwa lavi ak ansèyman Guru Hargobind te enfliyanse tèm sezon 2023 la ak travay atistik ekip foutbòl ameriken Dallas Cowboys yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://insidethestar.com/carpe-omnia-dallas-cowboys-intend-to-seize-everything-in-2023/|title=Carpe omnia: Dallas Cowboys intend to 'seize everything' in 2023|last=Monet|first=Jazz|date=2023-09-07|website=Inside The Star|language=en-US|access-date=2023-09-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rozanaspokesman.in/news/sports/070923/nfl-dallas-cowboys-are-wearing-hoodies-with-emblem-of-famous-sikh-warr.html|title=ਅਮਰੀਕਾ 'ਚ ਨੈਸ਼ਨਲ ਫੁੱਟਬਾਲ ਲੀਗ ਦੀ ਟੀਮ Dallas Cowboys ਨੇ ਜਰਸੀ 'ਤੇ ਲਗਾਈ ਜਰਨੈਲ ਹਰੀ ਸਿੰਘ ਨਲੂਆ ਦੀ ਤਸਵੀਰ|last=Kaur|first=Kamaljit|date=2023-09-07|website=Rozana Spokesman|language=pa|trans-title=Dallas Cowboys team of the National Football League in America put the picture of General Hari Singh Nalua on the jersey|access-date=2023-09-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/sports/cowboys/2023/09/06/what-is-carpe-omnia-mike-mccarthys-2023-theme-for-cowboys-is-about-seizing-everything/|title=What is Carpe Omnia? Mike McCarthy's 2023 theme for Cowboys is about seizing everything|last=Gehlken|first=Michael|date=2023-09-07|website=Dallas News|language=en|access-date=2023-09-08}}</ref> == Galri == <gallery> Fichye:Guru_Arjan_with_a_young_Hargobind.jpg|alt=Guru Arjan (seated, middle) with a young Hargobind (left).| Guru Arjan (chita, nan mitan) ak yon jèn Hargobind (agoch). Fichye:Guru_Hargobind_depicted_alongside_Ani_Rai_and_Atal_Rai.jpg|alt=Guru Hargobind depicted alongside Ani Rai and Atal Rai.| Guru Hargobind reprezante ansanm ak Ani Rai ak Atal Rai. Fichye:Contemporary_equestrian_painting_of_Guru_Hargobind_with_an_orange-coloured_backdrop,_held_in_the_collection_of_the_Sodhi_family_of_Kartarpur,_circa_mid-17th_century.jpg|alt=Guru Hargobind out riding.| Guru Hargobind ap monte cheval. Fichye:Painting_of_Bhai_Rupa_Chand_and_Guru_Hargobind_seated_together,_circa_mid-17th_century.jpg|alt=Bhai Rupa Chand (right) with Guru Hargobind (left).| Bhai Rupa Chand (adwat) ak Guru Hargobind (agoch). Fichye:Fresco_artwork_of_Guru_Hargobind.jpg|alt=Fresco artwork of Guru Hargobind (seated).| Travay atistik sou fresko Guru Hargobind (chita). Fichye:Ancient_Painting_of_Guru_Hargobind_Sahib_ji.jpg|alt=Ancient Painting of Guru Hargobind| Ansyen penti Guru Hargobind Fichye:Painting_of_Guru_Hargobind_seated_against_a_bolster_whilst_holding_a_bird_of_prey,_kept_in_the_Bhai_Rupa_Chand_collection.jpg|alt=Mid-17th century portrait of Guru Hargobind holding a bird of prey| Pòtrè Guru Hargobind nan mitan 17yèm syèk la k ap kenbe yon zwazo predatè. </gallery> afd5tt83qkvt75s5m158oyh1974qv8v 0 97430 881099 2026-04-20T00:57:55Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341689350|Vadbhag Singh Sodhi]] » 881099 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Vadbhag Singh Sodhi''' (1716 – 31 Desanm 1761; yo eple non li tou kòm '''Wadbhag Singh Sodhi''', oubyen '''Sodhi Vadbhag Singh''' ) te yon desandan dirèk Guru Hargobind epi yon figi enpòtan nan sèk eretik Dhirmalia nan Sikhi . == Biyografi == === Premye lavi === Baba Vadbhag Singh te fèt an 1716 nan Kartarpur, yon vil ki sitiye toupre Jalandhar nan rejyon Doaba, Punjab. Li te pitit Baba Ram Singh ak Mata Raj Kaur. Li te soti nan liy desandan Dhir Mal, ki te premye kouzen Guru Gobind Singh. Apre sa, li te eritye gaddi (chèz relijye) fanmi Sodhi yo nan Kartarpur Yo kwè Wadhbag Singh te al wè Jassa Singh Ahluwalia pou mande yon rekonsiderasyon sou ansyen entèdiksyon Khalsa a te mete sou Dhirmalia yo. Apre kèk refleksyon, yo te deside ke Dhirmalia yo te ka retounen nan kominote sikhi a. === Revanj Sodhi a === [[Fichye:Gurdwara_Tham_Sahib.jpg|vignette|Foto Gurdwara Tham Sahib]] Nan mwa mas 1757, Afgan yo te detwi Kartarpur epi yo te mete dife nan yon poto istorik yo te rele Thambh Sahib. Anpil sivil te mouri epi yo te piye Kartarpur. Sodhi te gadyen Kartarpur, men li pa t prezan pandan ensidan an. Li te kreye yon alyans avèk Adina Beg, dènye gouvènè Mughal nan Punjab, sou demann li. Alyans lan te kont envazisè ak okipan afgan yo, epi li te gen ladan l Jassa Singh Ahluwalia . Nan batay Mahilpur an 1757, Sodhi te fè pati jeneral yo nan lame Sikh la epi li te resevwa sipò nan men Adina Beg. Malgre Afgan yo te itilize zam lejè, te gen yon konfwontasyon di, men fòs Sikh yo ansanm ak Adina Beg te rive genyen batay la. <ref name=":14">{{Cite book}}</ref> Apre batay la, fòs Sikh yo te atake Jalandhar epi yo te defèt rezistans ki te kanpe a. Sodhi te fè detwi Jalandhar epi piye l pou l te revanje sa ki te pase nan Kartarpur. Sodhi te fouye kò Nasir Ali, faujadar Jalandhar la, epi li te fè trennen l. Nasir Ali te enplike nan epizòd Kartarpur la. Li te boule kadav la tou. Li te kontinye sal tonm nan ak vyann kochon. Yo te sezi fanm Mizilman yo epi yo te konvèti yo an Sikh, apre sa yo te ka marye ak nenpòt Sikh yo te vle. === Lanmò === Apre batay la, Sodhi te viv Mairi pou tout rès lavi li. Li te mouri nan dat 31 desanm 1761. Kounye a, gen yon lotèl nan plas sa a. == Tanp lan == [[Fichye:Guru_Bhag_Singh_Kartarpur_Punjab_India.JPG|vignette|Chapèl popilè Punjabi pou Vadbhag Singh nan Kartarpur, Jalandhar, Punjab, peyi Zend.]] Ḍerā Bābā Baḍbhāg Singh Gurūdvārā ( Devanagari : डेरा बाबा बड़भाग सिंह) ( डेरा बाबा बड़भाग सिंह) ( डेरा बाबा बड़भाग सिंह) ਬਾਬਾ ਬਡਭਾਗ ਸਿੰਘ se yon chapèl Dera Baba Vadbhag Singh. Li sitiye nan vilaj Mairi nan eta Endyen an nan Himachal Pradesh . Li konnen pou Hollah Mohalla (Holi mela). Vizitè yo soti nan eta nò Endyen yo ak teritwa sendika yo ki gen ladan Jammu ak Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Chandigarh ak Himachal Pradesh. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/search/dli-old-delhi-junction-to-aadr-amb-andaura/349/0/9632|title=Old Delhi to Amb Andaura: 3 COV-Reserved Trains - Railway Enquiry}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Dera+Baba+Vadbhag+Singh/@31.7088676,76.1802008,1287m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0xf506d5d3f163e4f8!8m2!3d31.7111603!4d76.1793709|title=Dera Baba Vadbhag Singh · Dera Baba Wadbhag Singh Rd - Mairi, Mairi, Himachal Pradesh 177211, India}}</ref> === Fwa Hola Mohalla === Fwa Hola Mohalla a fèt nan Dera Vadbhag Singh nan jou plen lin nan mwa [[Vikram Samvat|Vikrami]] Phalgun (fevriye-mas). Fwa a dire dis jou, soti yon semèn anvan plen lin rive de jou apre. Moun ki chèche pwoteksyon kont move enfliyans yo ale nan fwa a. [[Kategori:P569 absan nan Wikidata]] 13pzepq2zw3xbaoq2c6kk5h5awhg0mr 0 97431 881100 2026-04-20T01:30:47Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347607978|Guru Har Rai]] » 881100 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Guru Har Rai''' ( Gurmukhi : ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ, pwononsyasyon: {{Pwononsyasyon API|pa|gʊɾuː ɦəɾ ɾaːɪ|}} ; 16 janvye 1630 – 6 oktòb 1661) <ref name="eosghr">{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiE-l/page/n275|title=Har Rai, Guru (1630–1661)|last=Bhagat Singh|editor-last=Harbans Singh|website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism|publisher=Punjabi University Patiala|access-date=16 January 2017}}</ref> venere kòm ''setyèm [[Guru Nanak|Nanak]]'' la, sete setyèm nan dis gourou nan relijyon Sikh la. Li te vin lidè Sikh la a laj de 14 an, nan dat 3 mas 1644, apre lanmò granpapa l ak sizyèm lidè Sikh la [[Guru Hargobind|, Guru Hargobind]] . Li te gide Sikh yo pandan anviwon disèt ane, jiskaske li mouri a laj de 31 an. <ref name="Mandair2013p50" /> Guru Har Rai te remakab pou fason li te kenbe gwo fòs sòlda Sikh yo ki te rasanble pa sizyèm Guru a, men li te evite antre nan konfli militè dirèk. Pandan lagè siksesyon nan Mughal Empire, li te sipòte Dara Shikoh, ki te plis modere epi enfliyanse pa tradisyon Sufi, olye de Aurangzeb, ki te gen yon apwòch plis konsèvatè ki te asosye ak Islam Sunni. De frè sa yo te an konpetisyon pou twòn anpi a, epi pozisyon Guru Har Rai a te reflete preferans li pou yon lidèchip plis toleran. Apre Aurangzeb te genyen lagè siksesyon an nan lane 1658, li te rele Guru Har Rai nan lane 1660 pou l eksplike sipò li pou Dara Shikoh ki te egzekite a. Guru Har Rai te voye pi gran pitit gason l Ram Rai pou reprezante l. Aurangzeb te kenbe Ram Rai an otaj, li te poze Ram Rai kesyon sou yon vèsè nan Adi Granth la – tèks sakre Sikh yo nan epòk sa a. Aurangzeb te deklare ke li te denigre Mizilman yo. Ram Rai te chanje vèsè a pou kalme Aurangzeb olye li te kanpe dèyè ekriti Sikh la, yon aksyon ke yo sonje Guru Har Rai pou li te ekskominike pi gran pitit gason l lan, epi li te nonmen pi piti pitit gason l lan Har Krishan pou siksesè li. Har Krishan te vin wityèm Guru a a laj de senk an apre lanmò Guru Har Rai nan lane 1661. <ref name="britharrai" /> Gen kèk literati Sikh ki eple non li kòm '''Hari Rai''' . Gen kèk Sikh modèn ki rele li '''Guru Vèt''' la akòz sansiblite li te montre anvè mond natirèl la. == Biyografi == Guru Har Rai te fèt nan yon fanmi Sikhism, pitit Ananti (yo rele l tou Nihal) ak Baba Gurditta nan liy Sodhi Khatri a. Papa li te mouri lè li te gen 8 an. A laj 10 an, an 1640, Guru Har Rai te marye ak Mata Kishan Devi (yo rele l tou Sulakhni), pitit fi Daya Ram. Yo te gen yon pitit fi, Rup Kaur, ansanm ak de pitit gason: Ram Rai ak Guru Har Krishan, ki pita te vin wityèm Guru a. Yon ti tan apre li te pran lidèchip la, fòs Mughal Empire yo, anba Najabat Khan, te anvayi teritwa Tara Chand nan Hindur epi yo te kaptire chèf la. Sa te pouse Guru Har Rai kite Kiratpur pou ale nan Thapal nan Sirmur (Nahan, anba Raja Karam Prakash), kote li te bay premye ansèyman li yo sou fòm yon vak (kòmandman). Istwa vwayaj sa a parèt nan ''Dabestan-e Mazaheb'' epi li anrejistre tou nan yon nòt nan maniskri Adi Granth ki asosye ak Jograj. Guru Hargobind te deja konseye pou pa antre nan konfli militè ak Mughal yo, men pito konsantre sou ansèyman relijye, kidonk Guru Har Rai pa t entèfere nan lagè ant Hindur ak Mughal yo Guru Har Rai te gen yon gran frè, Dhir Mal, ki te resevwa sipò ak ankourajman nan men Shah Jahan, ansanm ak sibvansyon tè gratis ak patwonaj nan Mughal Empire. Dhir Mal te eseye kreye yon liy tradisyon Sikh paralèl epi li te kritike granpapa li ansanm ak sizyèm Guru a, Guru Hargobind. Sepandan, Guru Hargobind pa t aksepte sa, e li te chwazi pi piti pitit pitit la, Guru Har Rai, pou siksesè li. Literati otantik sou lavi ak epòk Guru Har Rai a ra, li pa kite okenn tèks pa li epi gen kèk tèks Sikh ki te konpoze pita ki eple non li kòm "Hari Rai". Gen kèk byografi Guru Har Rai ki te ekri nan 18yèm syèk la tankou pa Kesar Singh Chhibber, ak literati Sikh 19yèm syèk la ki pa konsistan ditou. === Dara Shikoh === Guru Har Rai te bay Dara Shikoh swen medikal, petèt lè ajan Mughal yo te anpwazonnen l. Dapre dosye Mughal yo, Guru Har Rai te bay Dara Shikoh lòt fòm sipò pandan li menm ak frè l Aurangzeb t ap goumen pou dwa siksesyon. Finalman, Aurangzeb te genyen, li te arete Dara Shikoh epi li te egzekite l sou akizasyon apostazi Islam. Nan lane 1660, Aurangzeb te konvoke Guru Har Rai pou l parèt devan l pou l eksplike relasyon l ak Dara Shikoh. <ref name="Mandair2013p50" /> Nan tradisyon Sikh la, yo te mande Guru Har Rai poukisa li t ap ede prens Mughal Dara Shikoh, ki gen zansèt li yo te pèsekite Sikh ak Guru Sikh yo. Yo kwè Guru Har Rai te reponn ke si yon nonm keyi flè ak yon men epi li bay yo ak lòt men l, tou de men yo resevwa menm sant lan. Apre Aurangzeb te genyen lagè siksesyon an nan lane 1658, li te rele Guru Har Rai nan lane 1660 pou l eksplike sipò li pou Dara Shikoh ki te egzekite a. Guru Har Rai te voye pi gran pitit gason l Ram Rai pou reprezante l. Aurangzeb te kenbe Ram Rai, ki te gen 13 an, kòm otaj, li te poze Ram Rai kesyon sou yon vèsè nan Adi Granth la – tèks sakre Sikh yo. Aurangzeb te deklare ke li te denigre Mizilman yo. Ram Rai te chanje siyifikasyon vèsè a pou kalme Aurangzeb olye li te kanpe dèyè ekriti Sikh la, yon aksyon pou ki Guru Har Rai te ekskominike pi gran pitit gason l lan, epi li te nonmen pi jèn Har Krishan pou l siksesè kòm pwochen Guru Sikh la. === Enfliyans === Li te kòmanse plizyè tradisyon chante piblik ak resitasyon ekriti nan Sikhism. Guru Har Rai te ajoute resital estil ''katha'' a oswa diskou nan tradisyon chante ''sabad kirtan'' Sikh yo. Li te ajoute tou ''akhand kirtan'' an oswa tradisyon chante ekriti kontinyèl nan Sikhism, ansanm ak tradisyon ''jotian da kirtan an'' oswa chante koral popilè kolektif ekriti yo. ==== Refòm yo ==== Twazyèm lidè Sikh la , Guru Amar Das, te kòmanse tradisyon pou nonmen ''Manji'' (zòn administrasyon relijye ak yon chèf nonmen yo rele ''sangatias'' ), li te prezante sistèm ''dasvandh'' ("dizyèm" nan revni an) pou koleksyon revni nan non Guru a epi kòm yon resous relijye kominotè mete ansanm, ak tradisyon ''langar'' Sikhism ki renome kote nenpòt moun, san okenn diskriminasyon, te kapab jwenn yon repa gratis nan yon plas kominotè. <ref name="FenechMcLeod2014p29" /> Estrikti òganizasyonèl ki te ede Sikh yo grandi epi reziste kont pèsekisyon Mughal la te kreye nouvo pwoblèm pou Guru Har Rai. Moun ki t ap kolekte donasyon yo, kèk nan Masand yo (lidè kongregasyon lokal yo) ki te dirije pa Dhir Mal – gran frè Guru Har Rai a, tout ankouraje pa sipò Shah Jahan, sibvansyon tè ak administrasyon Mughal la – te eseye divize Sikh yo anndan legliz an mouvman konpetitif, kòmanse yon gwoup guru paralèl, e konsa febli relijyon Sikh la. Kidonk, yon pati nan defi Guru <ref name="eosghr">{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiE-l/page/n275|title=Har Rai, Guru (1630–1661)|last=Bhagat Singh|editor-last=Harbans Singh|website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism|publisher=Punjabi University Patiala|access-date=16 January 2017}}</ref> Har Rai a sete kenbe Sikh yo ini. Li te nonmen nouvo masands tankou Bhai Jodh, Bhai Gonda, Bhai Nattha, Bhagat Bhagwan (pou lès peyi Zend), Bhai Pheru (pou Rajathan), Bhai Bhagat (ke yo rele tou Bairagi), kòm tèt Manjis. === Lanmò ak siksesyon === [[Fichye:Miniature_depicting_Guru_Har_Rai_with_Guru_Har_Krishan_as_the_fly-whisk_attendant,_kept_within_the_Kartarpur_Bir.jpg|vignette|Miniati ki reprezante Guru Har Rai ak Guru Har Krishan kòm moun k ap sèvi ak fouèt mouch la, ki konsève nan ''Kartarpur Bir'' la.]] Li te nonmen pi piti pitit gason l 'ki te gen 5 an, Har Krishan, kòm wityèm Guru Sikh yo anvan li mouri. == Jesyon anviwònman an == Guru Har Rai asosye nan tradisyon Sikh la pou enterè li nan mond natirèl la. Guru Har Rai te anseye ke Sikh yo ta dwe pran swen anviwònman an. <ref name=":02" /> [[Fichye:Miniature_painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower,_circa_1685.jpg|vignette|Penti minyati Guru Har Rai k ap kenbe yon flè, anviwon 1685. Yo konsève li nan koleksyon mahant konplèks Ram Rai Darbar nan Dehradun, Uttarakhand, peyi Zend.]] Selon yon ''sakhi'' tradisyonèl (ak varyasyon ki egziste nan menm istwa a), lè Guru Har Rai te yon jèn gason, li t ap pwonmennen nan yon jaden lè manto rad li a te kase yon flè nan tij li apre li te fin touche l. Apre li te fin wè sa k te pase a, li te santi yon gwo remò pou sa k te pase a, sa ki te pouse l asire w ke rad li pa t fè okenn lòt plant mal pou tout rès vi l lè l te pridan pou l pa ranmase rad li pandan l ap mache. <ref name=":02" /> Istwa sa a dekri sansiblite Guru a genyen pou domaj ki fèt sou flò. <ref name=":02" /> Yo di Guru Har Rai te patisipe nan lachas menm jan ak gourou anvan yo. Sepandan, kontrèman ak predesesè li yo, li pa janm touye bèt li te konn chase yo, men li te kenbe yo nan yon zou ki sitiye nan Kiratpur. <ref name=":02" /> === Konesans medikal === <gallery> Fichye:Guru_Hargobind_with_his_grandson,_the_young_Guru_Har_Rai.jpg|alt=Guru Hargobind (right) with his grandson, the young Har Rai (left).| [[Guru Hargobind]] (adwat) ak pitit pitit li a, jèn Har Rai a (agoch). Fichye:Painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower,_kept_in_the_Sursinghwala_collection.jpg|alt=Guru Har Rai, Pahari painting.| Guru Har Rai, penti Pahari. Fichye:Painting_of_Guru_Har_Rai_holding_a_flower,_kept_in_the_Bhai_Rupa_Chand_collection.jpg|alt=Portrait of Guru Har Rai holding a blue flower| Pòtrè Guru Har Rai k ap kenbe yon flè ble Fichye:Guru_Har_Rai_painting.jpg|alt=Guru Har Rai, the Seventh Guru (ca.1800–1825 Pahari painting)| Guru Har Rai, Setyèm Guru a (ca.1800–1825 Pahari penti) </gallery>Yo kwè yon jaden tradisyonèl Sikh ki sitiye nan Kiratpur, ke yo rekonèt kòm Naulakha Bagh (ki vle di "jaden 900,000 plant"), se Guru Har Rai ki te fonde epi pran swen li pandan peryòd li kòm guru. Li te gwo epi li te gen anpil espès plant medsinal . <ref name=":02" /> Gen yon istwa ki rakonte ke Dara Shikoh te prèt pou mouri apre li te anpwazonnen ak moustach tig, jan tradisyon an di, epi tretman papa l, Shah Jahan, te ofri l yo pa t rive geri maladi a. <ref name=":02" /> Apre li te fin eseye tout tretman san solisyon, Shah Jahan te finalman kontakte Guru Har Rai pou l mande l asistans, epi Guru Har Rai te ofri l bay prens Mughal la libman. <ref name=":02" /> Guru Har Rai te voye plant medsinal bay Shah Jahan pou trete kondisyon pitit gason l lan. <ref name=":02" /> Malgre ostilite ki te egziste nan moman sa a ant anperè Mughal Shah Jahan ak Sikh yo, guru Sikh la te toujou ede pitit gason anperè a ki te anpwazonnen an, sa ki se yon refleksyon konpasyon pwofon Guru Har Rai te genyen. <ref name=":02" /> == Maryaj == Li jeneralman aksepte ke Guru Har Rai te marye ak yon fanm ki te rele Sulakhani. : 590–591 Sepandan, gen kèk sous ki deklare li te marye plizyè fwa epi li te pratike poligami . <ref name=":3" /> : 590–591 Yo pretann li gen sèt ou uit madanm, sètadi Sulakhani/Kishan Kaur, Kalyani, Toki, Anokhi, Ladiki, Chand Kaur, Prem Kaur, Ram Kaur, men deklarasyon sa yo soti nan sous ''Gurparnali'' ki pa klè. <ref name=":3" /> : 590–591 Pandan ke ''Suraj Prakash'' a garanti ke Guru Har Rai te gen uit madanm, ''Bhatt Vahis'', ''Panda Vahis'' nan Haridwar, ekriti Kavi Saundh, ak ''Mehma Prakash'' sèlman non Kishan Kaur / Sulakhani kòm sèl madanm li. <ref name=":3" /> : 590–591  == Literati == == Eritaj == An 2011, yo te chwazi 14 mas pou selebre Jounen Anviwònman Sikh la paske sete dat anivèsè ''[[Guru Gaddi|gurgaddi]]'' Guru Har Rai a (monte nan pozisyon guru). An 2013, prezidan EcoSikh la te dekri Guru Har Rai kòm "gourou vèt la", li te mete aksan sou lyen sere gourou Sikh la ak lanati, nan yon deklarasyon pou laprès. == Kilti popilè == An 2013, yo te fè yon kado bay EcoSikh pou yon tablo Rahi Mohinder Singh ki montre Guru Har Rai k ap bay yon moun k ap fè petisyon pou l plante yon pyebwa. Sepandan, espès pyebwa ki nan tablo a se yon ekaliptus, yon [[Espès egzotik|espès ki pa natif natal]] ke yo pa t jwenn pandan lavi Guru Har Rai, sa ki fè tablo a [[Anakwonis|anakwonik]] . == Galri == {{Referans|30em}} [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1630]] 6u9yz5dpypr1ernd5euzyw04av4y779 0 97432 881101 2026-04-20T01:41:03Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350005306|Bandi Chhor Divas]] » 881101 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Bandi Chhor Divas''' ( Punjabi : ਬੰਦੀ ਛੋੜ ਦਿਵਸ (Gurmukhi ) ; sa vle di {{Lang|pa|"Day of Liberation"}} oubyen "Jou Liberasyon Prizonye yo" ), ke yo rele tou '''Bandi Chhor Dihara''', <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sikhs.org.sg/srst-bandi-chhor-dihara-f10/|title=Bandi Chhor Dihara 2023|website=Central Sikh Gurdwara Board (Singapore)|access-date=30 October 2024}}</ref> se yon [[Jou ferye|selebrasyon]] Sikh pou Diwali ki komemore jou sizyèm [[Guru (mèt espirityèl)|Guru]] Sikh yo, [[Guru Hargobind|Guru Hargobind,]] te libere nan Fò Gwalior, ke Sikh yo kwè te libere tou senkant-de Rajput raja nan Chèf mòn yo ansanm avè l, ki te nan prizon pa Anperè Mughal Jahangir . <ref name=":1" /> Anperè Jahangir te kenbe 52 Prens nan Fò Gwalior pandan plizyè mwa. Gurdwara Data Bandi Chhor Sahib sitiye nan plas entènman Guru a nan Fò a. Jou a tonbe nan [[Lotòn|otòn]] epi souvan li koresponn ak Diwali Endou a, festival limyè yo selebre atravè Punjab ak rès [[End|peyi Zend]] . Nan listwa, depi epòk twazyèm Guru Sikh Amar Das la, Sikh ak Endou nan epòk la te itilize okazyon Diwali, Vaisakhi ak lòt festival menm jan an pou yo rasanble nan chèz Guru yo. An 2003, lidè relijye Sikh yo ak Komite Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak ki te dirije pa Pwofesè Kirpal Singh Badungar te adopte jou sa a fòmèlman nan kalandriye Nanakshahi a. Yon pati nan rezon ki fè yo te make selebrasyon Diwali Sikh la nan nouvo kalandriye Nanakshahi 2003 la anba tèm ''Bandi Chhor Divas'' se te pou mete aksan sou endepandans lafwa Sikh la parapò ak Endouyis. Yo selebre Bandi Chhor Divas la avèk limyè kay yo ak Gurdwaras, pwosesyon selebrasyon ( nagar kirtan ) ak langar (kwizin kominotè). Li se yon selebrasyon Sikh enpòtan ansanm ak Vaisakhi, Hola Mohalla ak Gurpurab . Li se youn nan twa selebrasyon Sikh yo toujou kalkile lè l sèvi avèk kalandriye [[Vikram Samvat|Bikrami]] tradisyonèl la, ansanm ak Vaisakhi ak Guru Nanak Gurpurab, alòske rès yo detèmine kounye a dapre kalandriye Nanakshahi a. == Deskripsyon == Yo te selebre Bandi Chhor Divas lè yo te lage Guru Hargobind nan prizon Gwalior ak 52 prizonye ak prens ki te kenbe rad oswa kap li ak 52 kòd. Guru a te mennen tout 52 chèf inosan yo an sekirite san okenn siy lagè oswa batay. Anplis ''Nagar keertan'' (yon pwosesyon nan lari) ak yon ''Akhand paath'' (yon lekti kontinyèl ''Guru Granth Sahib'' ), yo selebre Bandi Chhor (Shodh) Divas ak yon ekspozisyon fedatifis. Sri Harmandir Sahib la, ansanm ak tout konplèks la, dekore ak plizyè milye limyè briyan. Gurdwara a òganize chante ''kirtan'' kontinyèl ak mizisyen espesyal. Sikh yo konsidere okazyon sa a kòm yon moman enpòtan pou vizite Gurdwara epi pase tan ak fanmi yo. == Istwa ak siyifikasyon == [[Fichye:Bandi_Chor_Divas.jpg|vignette|Reprezantasyon nan 19yèm syèk la kote Guru Hargobind sove 52 wa Endou ki te nan prizon anba men Anpi Mughal la nan prizon Gwalior.]] Papa Guru Hargobind Sahib, Guru Arjan Dev, te arete sou lòd Anperè Mughal Jahangir la epi yo te mande l pou l konvèti nan Islam. <ref name="ps5" /> Refi li a te mennen nan tòti ak ekzekisyon li an 1606 epòk nou an. <ref name="ps5" /> Evènman sa a se yon moman enpòtan nan listwa peyi Zend ak Sikh yo kòm mati Guru Arjan. <ref name="ps5" /> Apre ekzekisyon an, Guru Hargobind te pran plas papa l kòm pwochen Guru Sikh yo. Gourou Hargobind, nan dat 24 jen 1606, a laj de 11 an, te kouwone kòm sizyèm Gourou Sikh la. Nan seremoni siksesyon li a, li te mete de nepe: youn te endike detèminasyon li pou l kenbe otorite espirityèl li ( ''piri'' ) e lòt la, otorite tanporèl li ( ''miri'' ). Akòz ekzekisyon Gourou Arjan pa Anperè Mughal Jahangir, Gourou Hargobind te opoze ak opresyon règ Mughal la. Li te konseye Sikh yo ak Endou yo pou yo pran zam epi goumen. Lanmò papa l anba men Jahangir te pouse l mete aksan sou dimansyon militè kominote Sikh la. Gen plizyè istwa sou fason Jahangir te fè mete Guru Hargobind nan prizon nan Gwalior Fort. Yon vèsyon di ke Murtaja Khan, ki te Nawab Lahore, te remake Guru a t ap bati Akal Takht nan Amritsar epi li t ap ranfòse fòs militè li yo. Li te rapòte sa bay Anperè Jahangir, pandan li te ajoute ke Guru a ta ka ap prepare yon revanj pou lanmò papa li. Lè Jahangir te resevwa enfòmasyon sa yo, li te voye Wazir Khan ansanm ak Guncha Beg ale Amritsar pou arete Guru Hargobind imedyatman. Wazir Khan, ki te yon admiratè Guru Hargobind, pa t arete li; olye de sa, li te mande Guru a pou l ale avèk yo Delhi, paske Jahangir te swete rankontre li. Guru a te aksepte envitasyon an epi li te rive Delhi, kote Jahangir te mete li nan prizon nan Gwalior Fort an 1609. Yon lòt vèsyon di ke anprizònman an te rive paske Sikh yo ak Guru Hargobind pa t peye amann ki te enpoze sou Guru Arjan. Li pa fin klè konbyen tan li te rete nan prizon; kèk sous di li te libere anviwon 1611 oswa 1612, lè li te gen apeprè 16 an. Dosye pès yo, tankou ''Dabistan-i-Mazahib'', sijere li te ka rete nan prizon ant 1617 ak 1619 nan Gwalior, epi apre sa li te rete anba siveyans militè Mughal Empire. Selon kèk istwa, lè Guru Hargobind te libere, li te ale Amritsar pandan moun yo t ap selebre Diwali. Evènman sa a vin komemore jodi a kòm festival '''Bandi Chhor Divas'''. Swadizan wòb la ak senkant-de panno, ke yo rekonèt kòm ''bavanja kalian vala chola'' a, ke Sikh yo kwè gourou a te mete pou libere rajas mòn yo, konsève nan yon bwat an vè nan Gurdwara Sri Chola Sahib nan Ghudani Kalan nan distri Ludhiana, Punjab. ''[[Chola Sikh|Chola]]'' a te nan move eta anvan, Namita Jaspal te restore li. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/faith-preserved-guru-hargobind-s-sacred-robe-restored/story-KoLK7kjZNCxFHQX13s8ntL.html|title=Faith preserved, Guru Hargobind's sacred robe restored|last=Kaur|first=Usmeet|date=2014-10-21|website=Hindustan Times|location=Amritsar|language=en|access-date=2022-09-05}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://heritagepreservationatelier.com/teacher/namita-jaspal-2/|title=Namita Jaspal|website=Heritage Preservation Atelier|access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://heritagepreservationatelier.com/2013/05/22/conservation-of-chola-saheb-ji/|title=Conservation of *Chola Saheb Ji*|last=Jaspal|first=Namita|date=22 May 2013|website=Heritage Preservation Atelier|access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref> == Galri == <gallery> Fichye:Gurudwara_Shri_Data_Bandi_Chhor_Shahib_Gwalior_001_(1).jpg|alt=Gurdwara Sri Data Bandi Chhor Sahib at Gwalior Fort.| Gurdwara Sri Data Bandi Chhor Sahib nan Gwalior Fort . File:Guru_Hargobind_chola.jpg|alt=Preserved chola of Guru Hargobind at Ghudani Kalan village that he is believed to have worn. It has 52 tails or corners, matching with the description in the story of his release.| ''[[Chola Sikh|Chola]]'' Guru Hargobind ki konsève nan vilaj Ghudani Kalan ke yo kwè li te mete. Li gen 52 ke oswa kwen, ki koresponn ak deskripsyon ki nan istwa liberasyon li an. </gallery> [[Kategori:Fèt mwa novanm]] 1oxmnzxx5ana72m0denteaigkx6wcu8 881113 881101 2026-04-20T03:19:07Z WhatamIdoing 11346 Rearrange 881113 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Bandi Chhor Divas''' ( Punjabi : ਬੰਦੀ ਛੋੜ ਦਿਵਸ (Gurmukhi ) ; sa vle di {{Lang|pa|"Day of Liberation"}} oubyen "Jou Liberasyon Prizonye yo" ), ke yo rele tou '''Bandi Chhor Dihara''', <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sikhs.org.sg/srst-bandi-chhor-dihara-f10/|title=Bandi Chhor Dihara 2023|website=Central Sikh Gurdwara Board (Singapore)|access-date=30 October 2024}}</ref> se yon [[Jou ferye|selebrasyon]] Sikh pou Diwali ki komemore jou sizyèm [[Guru (mèt espirityèl)|Guru]] Sikh yo, [[Guru Hargobind|Guru Hargobind,]] te libere nan Fò Gwalior, ke Sikh yo kwè te libere tou senkant-de Rajput raja nan Chèf mòn yo ansanm avè l, ki te nan prizon pa Anperè Mughal Jahangir . <ref name=":1" /> Anperè Jahangir te kenbe 52 Prens nan Fò Gwalior pandan plizyè mwa. Gurdwara Data Bandi Chhor Sahib sitiye nan plas entènman Guru a nan Fò a. Jou a tonbe nan [[Lotòn|otòn]] epi souvan li koresponn ak Diwali Endou a, festival limyè yo selebre atravè Punjab ak rès [[End|peyi Zend]] . Nan listwa, depi epòk twazyèm Guru Sikh Amar Das la, Sikh ak Endou nan epòk la te itilize okazyon Diwali, Vaisakhi ak lòt festival menm jan an pou yo rasanble nan chèz Guru yo. An 2003, lidè relijye Sikh yo ak Komite Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak ki te dirije pa Pwofesè Kirpal Singh Badungar te adopte jou sa a fòmèlman nan kalandriye Nanakshahi a. Yon pati nan rezon ki fè yo te make selebrasyon Diwali Sikh la nan nouvo kalandriye Nanakshahi 2003 la anba tèm ''Bandi Chhor Divas'' se te pou mete aksan sou endepandans lafwa Sikh la parapò ak Endouyis. Yo selebre Bandi Chhor Divas la avèk limyè kay yo ak Gurdwaras, pwosesyon selebrasyon ( nagar kirtan ) ak langar (kwizin kominotè). Li se yon selebrasyon Sikh enpòtan ansanm ak Vaisakhi, Hola Mohalla ak Gurpurab . Li se youn nan twa selebrasyon Sikh yo toujou kalkile lè l sèvi avèk kalandriye [[Vikram Samvat|Bikrami]] tradisyonèl la, ansanm ak Vaisakhi ak Guru Nanak Gurpurab, alòske rès yo detèmine kounye a dapre kalandriye Nanakshahi a. == Deskripsyon == Yo te selebre Bandi Chhor Divas lè yo te lage Guru Hargobind nan prizon Gwalior ak 52 prizonye ak prens ki te kenbe rad oswa kap li ak 52 kòd. Guru a te mennen tout 52 chèf inosan yo an sekirite san okenn siy lagè oswa batay. Anplis ''Nagar keertan'' (yon pwosesyon nan lari) ak yon ''Akhand paath'' (yon lekti kontinyèl ''Guru Granth Sahib'' ), yo selebre Bandi Chhor (Shodh) Divas ak yon ekspozisyon fedatifis. Sri Harmandir Sahib la, ansanm ak tout konplèks la, dekore ak plizyè milye limyè briyan. Gurdwara a òganize chante ''kirtan'' kontinyèl ak mizisyen espesyal. Sikh yo konsidere okazyon sa a kòm yon moman enpòtan pou vizite Gurdwara epi pase tan ak fanmi yo. == Istwa ak siyifikasyon == [[Fichye:Bandi_Chor_Divas.jpg|vignette|Reprezantasyon nan 19yèm syèk la kote Guru Hargobind sove 52 wa Endou ki te nan prizon anba men Anpi Mughal la nan prizon Gwalior.]] Papa Guru Hargobind Sahib, Guru Arjan Dev, te arete sou lòd Anperè Mughal Jahangir la epi yo te mande l pou l konvèti nan Islam. <ref name="ps5" /> Refi li a te mennen nan tòti ak ekzekisyon li an 1606 epòk nou an. <ref name="ps5" /> Evènman sa a se yon moman enpòtan nan listwa peyi Zend ak Sikh yo kòm mati Guru Arjan. <ref name="ps5" /> Apre ekzekisyon an, Guru Hargobind te pran plas papa l kòm pwochen Guru Sikh yo. Gourou Hargobind, nan dat 24 jen 1606, a laj de 11 an, te kouwone kòm sizyèm Gourou Sikh la. Nan seremoni siksesyon li a, li te mete de nepe: youn te endike detèminasyon li pou l kenbe otorite espirityèl li ( ''piri'' ) e lòt la, otorite tanporèl li ( ''miri'' ). Akòz ekzekisyon Gourou Arjan pa Anperè Mughal Jahangir, Gourou Hargobind te opoze ak opresyon règ Mughal la. Li te konseye Sikh yo ak Endou yo pou yo pran zam epi goumen. Lanmò papa l anba men Jahangir te pouse l mete aksan sou dimansyon militè kominote Sikh la. Gen plizyè istwa sou fason Jahangir te fè mete Guru Hargobind nan prizon nan Gwalior Fort. Yon vèsyon di ke Murtaja Khan, ki te Nawab Lahore, te remake Guru a t ap bati Akal Takht nan Amritsar epi li t ap ranfòse fòs militè li yo. Li te rapòte sa bay Anperè Jahangir, pandan li te ajoute ke Guru a ta ka ap prepare yon revanj pou lanmò papa li. Lè Jahangir te resevwa enfòmasyon sa yo, li te voye Wazir Khan ansanm ak Guncha Beg ale Amritsar pou arete Guru Hargobind imedyatman. [[Fichye:Gurudwara_Shri_Data_Bandi_Chhor_Shahib_Gwalior_001_(1).jpg|thumb|alt=Gurdwara Sri Data Bandi Chhor Sahib at Gwalior Fort.| Gurdwara Sri Data Bandi Chhor Sahib nan Gwalior Fort.]] Wazir Khan, ki te yon admiratè Guru Hargobind, pa t arete li; olye de sa, li te mande Guru a pou l ale avèk yo Delhi, paske Jahangir te swete rankontre li. Guru a te aksepte envitasyon an epi li te rive Delhi, kote Jahangir te mete li nan prizon nan Gwalior Fort an 1609. Yon lòt vèsyon di ke anprizònman an te rive paske Sikh yo ak Guru Hargobind pa t peye amann ki te enpoze sou Guru Arjan. Li pa fin klè konbyen tan li te rete nan prizon; kèk sous di li te libere anviwon 1611 oswa 1612, lè li te gen apeprè 16 an. Dosye pès yo, tankou ''Dabistan-i-Mazahib'', sijere li te ka rete nan prizon ant 1617 ak 1619 nan Gwalior, epi apre sa li te rete anba siveyans militè Mughal Empire. Selon kèk istwa, lè Guru Hargobind te libere, li te ale Amritsar pandan moun yo t ap selebre Diwali. Evènman sa a vin komemore jodi a kòm festival '''Bandi Chhor Divas'''. Swadizan wòb la ak senkant-de panno, ke yo rekonèt kòm ''bavanja kalian vala chola'' a, ke Sikh yo kwè gourou a te mete pou libere rajas mòn yo, konsève nan yon bwat an vè nan Gurdwara Sri Chola Sahib nan Ghudani Kalan nan distri Ludhiana, Punjab. ''[[Chola Sikh|Chola]]'' a te nan move eta anvan, Namita Jaspal te restore li. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/faith-preserved-guru-hargobind-s-sacred-robe-restored/story-KoLK7kjZNCxFHQX13s8ntL.html|title=Faith preserved, Guru Hargobind's sacred robe restored|last=Kaur|first=Usmeet|date=2014-10-21|website=Hindustan Times|location=Amritsar|language=en|access-date=2022-09-05}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://heritagepreservationatelier.com/teacher/namita-jaspal-2/|title=Namita Jaspal|website=Heritage Preservation Atelier|access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://heritagepreservationatelier.com/2013/05/22/conservation-of-chola-saheb-ji/|title=Conservation of *Chola Saheb Ji*|last=Jaspal|first=Namita|date=22 May 2013|website=Heritage Preservation Atelier|access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref> [[Kategori:Fèt mwa novanm]] iyi18vbv6u7v8ngtz5uxhqaybbqa9vj 0 97433 881103 2026-04-20T01:51:50Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337051491|Himmat Singh (Sikhism)]] » 881103 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Bhai Himmat Singh''' (1661–1705), ki te fèt sou non '''Himmat Rai''', te youn nan premye gwoup Panj Pyare a, oubyen premye gwoup ''Senk Moun Byeneme yo'' nan Sikhism . == Biyografi == === Premye lavi === Li te fèt an 1661 nan Jagannath Puri nan Odisha aktyèl la, [[End|nan peyi Zend]], nan kas founisè dlo a. Fanmi li te fè pati kas ''Jhivar'' (tou <nowiki><i id="mwJg">Jheer</i></nowiki> oswa ''Jheeaur'' ). Papa l te rele Gulzari pandan manman l te rele Dhanno. === Pita nan lavi === Li te rive Anandpur a laj de 17 an pou sèvi dizyèm Guru Sikh la, Guru Gobind Singh. Li te twazyèm moun ki te reponn a apèl Guru a pandan seremoni pou fòmalize lòd Khalsa a an 1699 sou tèt yon ti mòn nan Anandpur (kote Takht Kesgarh Sahib kanpe kounye a). <ref name=":02" /> Li te resevwa inisyasyon Khalsa a nan men Guru Gobind Singh, epi yo te ba li nouvo non '''Himmat Singh'''. Nan Anandpur Sahib, li te patisipe nan plizyè batay kont chèf mòn ki te nan zòn nan ansanm ak fòs enperyal yo. Li te pèdi lavi li pandan batay Battle of Chamkaur nan dat 7 desanm 1704 oswa 1705. Himmat Singh te tou konsidere kòm yon enkarnasyon (avatar) yon bhagat enkoni ki te rele Phandak, yon chasè. == Eritaj == Pak pou Timoun Bhai Himmat Singh Memorial la te konstwi pa Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji Religious & Charitable Trust an memwa li. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aartisahib.com/|title=Gurdwara Aarti Sahib|website=www.aartisahib.com|access-date=2025-04-20}}</ref> Li sitiye anfas Gurdwara Aarti Sahib, Puri, Odisha . [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1661]] 57wvlywvvl65tpn4padrgn70c6clu6g 881104 881103 2026-04-20T01:53:00Z 1104s72 38991 881104 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Bhai Himmat Singh''' (1661–1705), ki te fèt sou non '''Himmat Rai''', te youn nan premye gwoup Panj Pyare a, oubyen premye gwoup ''Senk Moun Byeneme yo'' nan Sikhism . == Biyografi == === Premye lavi === Li te fèt an 1661 nan Jagannath Puri nan Odisha aktyèl la, [[End|nan peyi Zend]], nan kas founisè dlo a. Fanmi li te fè pati kas ''Jhivar'' (tou jheer oswa ''Jheeaur'' ). Papa l te rele Gulzari pandan manman l te rele Dhanno. === Pita nan lavi === Li te rive Anandpur a laj de 17 an pou sèvi dizyèm Guru Sikh la, Guru Gobind Singh. Li te twazyèm moun ki te reponn a apèl Guru a pandan seremoni pou fòmalize lòd Khalsa a an 1699 sou tèt yon ti mòn nan Anandpur (kote Takht Kesgarh Sahib kanpe kounye a). <ref name=":02" /> Li te resevwa inisyasyon Khalsa a nan men Guru Gobind Singh, epi yo te ba li nouvo non '''Himmat Singh'''. Nan Anandpur Sahib, li te patisipe nan plizyè batay kont chèf mòn ki te nan zòn nan ansanm ak fòs enperyal yo. Li te pèdi lavi li pandan batay Battle of Chamkaur nan dat 7 desanm 1704 oswa 1705. Himmat Singh te tou konsidere kòm yon enkarnasyon (avatar) yon bhagat enkoni ki te rele Phandak, yon chasè. == Eritaj == Pak pou Timoun Bhai Himmat Singh Memorial la te konstwi pa Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji Religious & Charitable Trust an memwa li. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aartisahib.com/|title=Gurdwara Aarti Sahib|website=www.aartisahib.com|access-date=2025-04-20}}</ref> Li sitiye anfas Gurdwara Aarti Sahib, Puri, Odisha . [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1661]] avi9w2d0lb4wtz4cd2lezcmcttoymnn 881105 881104 2026-04-20T01:53:38Z 1104s72 38991 881105 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Bhai Himmat Singh''' (1661–1705), ki te fèt sou non '''Himmat Rai''', te youn nan premye gwoup Panj Pyare a, oubyen premye gwoup ''Senk Moun Byeneme yo'' nan [[Sikhi]] . == Biyografi == === Premye lavi === Li te fèt an 1661 nan Jagannath Puri nan Odisha aktyèl la, [[End|nan peyi Zend]], nan kas founisè dlo a. Fanmi li te fè pati kas ''Jhivar'' (tou jheer oswa ''Jheeaur'' ). Papa l te rele Gulzari pandan manman l te rele Dhanno. === Pita nan lavi === Li te rive Anandpur a laj de 17 an pou sèvi dizyèm Guru Sikh la, Guru Gobind Singh. Li te twazyèm moun ki te reponn a apèl Guru a pandan seremoni pou fòmalize lòd Khalsa a an 1699 sou tèt yon ti mòn nan Anandpur (kote Takht Kesgarh Sahib kanpe kounye a). <ref name=":02" /> Li te resevwa inisyasyon Khalsa a nan men Guru Gobind Singh, epi yo te ba li nouvo non '''Himmat Singh'''. Nan Anandpur Sahib, li te patisipe nan plizyè batay kont chèf mòn ki te nan zòn nan ansanm ak fòs enperyal yo. Li te pèdi lavi li pandan batay Battle of Chamkaur nan dat 7 desanm 1704 oswa 1705. Himmat Singh te tou konsidere kòm yon enkarnasyon (avatar) yon bhagat enkoni ki te rele Phandak, yon chasè. == Eritaj == Pak pou Timoun Bhai Himmat Singh Memorial la te konstwi pa Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji Religious & Charitable Trust an memwa li. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aartisahib.com/|title=Gurdwara Aarti Sahib|website=www.aartisahib.com|access-date=2025-04-20}}</ref> Li sitiye anfas Gurdwara Aarti Sahib, Puri, Odisha . [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1661]] 12aidtyc5g9l0an8kecj5jzgesqzklm 0 97434 881106 2026-04-20T02:19:00Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348962637|Sewapanthi]] » 881106 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Sewapanthi''' ( Punjabi : ਸੇਵਾਪੰਥੀ; ki vle di "kominyon sèvis" oswa "chemen sèvis" ), ke yo rele tou '''Sevapanthi''', epi ke yo rele tou '''Addanshahi''', se yon sèk Sikh tradisyonèl oswa yon lòd ( ''samparda'' ) ki te kòmanse pa [[Bhai Kanhaiya]], yon disip pèsonèl nevyèm Guru Sikh la, [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] . Lòd la konsantre sou byennèt ak sèvis altruis lòt moun. '''<ref name=":22" />''' Guru a te enstwi Kanhaiya pou l soti al sèvi limanite, sa li te fè lè l te etabli yon dharmasala nan distri Attock nan Punjab epi l te sèvi san diskriminasyon. Sewa Panthis yo ke yo rele tou 'Addan Shahis'. Non sa a soti nan youn nan disip Bhai Kanhaiya yo, Addan Shah. == Istwa == === Orijin === [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] te gen yon disip yo te rele [[Bhai Kanhaiya|Kanhaiya Lal]] (yo eple l tou kòm 'Ghaniya' ), yon Dhamman (Dhiman) Khatri ki te fèt an 1648, nan yon vil yo rele Sohadara, kounye a nan [[Pakistan]] . Kanhaiya te gen yon tandans relijye depi li te jèn e li te rankontre gourou Sikh la plizyè fwa nan Anandpur lè li te gen dizan ak sèzan. Anpil enspire pa misyon gourou a, Kanhaiya te deside konsakre tèt li nan sèvis li, menm neglije marye paske li te panse sa t ap pran tan li te ka pase ap sèvi gourou a. Li te sèvi nan ''langar'' la epi li te vin yon moun k ap pote dlo pou chwal Guru yo. Guru a te bay Kanhaiya yon ''seli topi'' kòm rekonpans. Kanhaiya te akonpaye Guru Tegh Bahadur lè li t ap vwayaje nan rejyon lès soukontinan Endyen an. Kanhaiya, ki renome pou imilite li, te mete rad senp li te fè tèt li. '''<ref name=":22" />''' Bhai Kanhaiya te fondatè lòd Sewapanth la. '''<ref name=":22" />''' [[Fichye:Fresco_depicting_Bhai_Khanaiya_meeting_Guru_Gobind_Singh_from_Sri_Khat_Wari_Darbar,_Shikarpur,_Sindh.jpg|vignette|Fresko ki montre Bhai Khanaiya rankontre Guru Gobind Singh soti nan Sri Khat Wari Darbar, Shikarpur, Sindh.]] Yon fwa 10yèm Guru a, [[Guru Gobind Singh]], te monte nan ''[[Guru Gaddi|gurgaddi]] a,'' Bhai Kanhaiya te kòmanse swiv li. Yo di Guru te egzante Kanhaiya ak disip li yo de devwa militè epi li te di l pou l kontinye fè devwa ke reveran li, Guru Tegh Bahadur, te ba li a, pou sèvi tout èt vivan. Nan batay Anandpur (1703), Bhai Kanhaiya te sèvi dlo san diskriminasyon bay sòlda blese yo sou chan batay la, sa gen ladan opozisyon an, ki te konpoze de fòs lènmi Pahari yo, fòs Mughal Sirhind Sarkar yo, ak sòlda iregilye Gujjars ak Pathan yo. Pou aksyon sa a, gèrye Sikh ki te fache yo te akize l de trayizon epi yo te mennen l devan Guru a. Lè l te mande l poukisa li t ap ede lènmi blese a, Kanhaiya te reponn ke li pa t ka fè diferans ant zanmi ak lènmi, paske li te sèlman wè Waheguru nan yo tout. <ref name=":3" /> '''<ref name=":22" />''' Guru a te trè kontan, epi non sèlman li te bay Kanhaiya lòd pou l kontinye, men li te ba li yon bwat medikaman kòm kado tou. Apre sa, li te beni l, li te di apre l ap gen yon lòd Sikh. Guru a te ba li yon kabann ak yon mouchwa tou kòm kado. Apre sa, Kanhaiya te rasanble yon gwoup Sikh ki te gen lespri sèvis. '''<ref name=":22" />''' Pandan evakyasyon Anandpur Sahib an 1705, Kanhaiya te pèdi kontak ak Guru Gobind Singh pandan yo t ap travèse rivyè Sirsa ki te debòde. Apre sa, li te vwayaje nan rejyon Malwa a, kote li te rankontre yon sadhu Bairagi toupre Jagraon, epi moun sa a te montre l direksyon kote Guru Gobind Singh te ale. === Pita nan epòk Mughal ak Afgan an === Apre envazyon Ahmad Shah Abdali an 1757, Sewapanthi yo te kapab gaye plis epi vin popilè, yo te fonde dharamshala Konstriksyon sal ''langar'' nan Tanp an lò a te sipèvize pa sen Sewapanthi yo. Yo te gaye atravè tout peyi Zend. Nan peryòd sa a, kèk figi enpòtan nan tradisyon Sewapanthi yo te gen ladan Aya Ram, Bhai Ranga, Daya Ram, Bhai Dayal, Bhai Soma, ak Paras Ram. Paras Ram, ki te enfim (yo te rele l ''pingla''), te fonde yon enstitisyon Sewapanthi nan Jangi Shiva Bazaar nan Amritsar. Sewapanthi yo te kontinye sèvi nan Harmandir Sahib menm pandan peryòd pèsekisyon anti-Sikh yo anba gouvènè Zakariya Khan, kote yo te menm kenbe limyè enteryè tanp lan limen an kachèt === Epòk modèn === Jawahar Singh nan Mitha Tiwana te yon Sewapanthi ki te aktif ant 1900 ak 1950, epi Nischal Singh te ranplase li e li toujou gen aktivite nan Jagadhri. Nan 20yèm syèk la, yon gwo entelektyèl nan tradisyon Sewapanthi a te Sant Pandit Nischal Singh, ki te mouri an 1978. Tradisyonèlman, Sewapanthi yo te fè pati Sehajdhari, men jodi a anpil nan yo ap vin fè pati Khalsa. Malgre sa, kantite Sewapanthi yo vin trè piti, epi tradisyon an ap prèske disparèt jodi a. == Filozofi ak pratik == [[Fichye:Photograph_of_Sant_Shaam_Singh_Sewapanthi_(celebrated_Sikh_saranda_player),_ca.1920.jpg|vignette|Yon foto Baba Sham Singh Sewapanthi '', pi popilè hazuri ragi a .'']] Konsantrasyon prensipal gwoup sa a se sou '''sèvis dezenterese pou lòt moun''', ki se rezon ki fè yo pote non sa a. Sikhismyo kwè ke sèvis ki fèt ak respè ak lanmou mityèl ka mennen nan delivrans espirityèl, paske li ede moun depase egoyis yo epi konprann tèt yo pi byen. Tradisyonèlman, Sewapanthi yo pa t viv lavi yon '''grishtī''' (mèt kay), men yo te chwazi rete selibatè. Yo dedye tout lavi yo a '''sewa''' (sèvis dezenterese) pou kominote a. An jeneral, yo pa mande lacharite pou siviv; olye de sa, yo konn kreye byen oswa aktivite ekonomik pou sipòte tèt yo, yon apwòch ki te anseye pa Aya Ram bay disip li Dharam Das. Sewa Panthis yo se pasifis . Malgre yo pa di li mal pou yon moun defann tèt li, Sewapanthis yo menm evite tout fòm vyolans. <ref name=":1" /> Yo refize fè lòt fòm lavi mal nan yon aspirasyon pou yo vin tounen egzanp pafè shaant ras la, epi pou yo rete nan sattva guna . <ref name=":1" /> Malgre sa, yo pa detache tèt yo nèt de lespri masyal Guru Gobind Singh te eksplike a. An prensip, yo sipòte aksyon vyolan nesesè yo mande Khalsa yo pou pwoteksyon Dharma a. Se poutèt sa, anpil Sewapanthis abandone ''pahul'' la, oswa inisyasyon nan lòd masyal Khalsa a. Anpil Sewapanthis te Sahajdhari nan obsèvans yo e pakonsekan yo pa t kenbe ''kesh'' (cheve ki pa koupe). Sa te pèmèt yo chape anba anpil pèsekisyon ke Sikh ki pi idantifyab yo te rankontre. <ref name=":4" /> Pandan ke yo di sen Sewapanthi yo gen yon aversion pou fanm, yo konnen pou ede fanm ki nan detrès. Sikh Sewapanthi yo anjeneral mete rad blan pi, epi yo kenbe ''kesh'' (cheve ki pa koupe), figi Sewapanthi yo tankou Sewa Ram ak Addan Shah pa janm koupe cheve yo. Yo souvan gen ''dera'' ak ''dharamsalas'' yo ki sitiye nan kote tankou Punjab, Pakistan, ak lòt kote ki gen majorite popilasyon Mizilman. Anpil nan disip sèk la te Sikh etnik Sindhi . == Literati == Sèk sa a te responsab pou prepare lank yo te itilize pou ekri maniskri ekriti Sikh yo nan epòk kote yo te konn ekri ekriti sa yo alamen anvan yo te kòmanse enprime an mas. Yo te konnen lank sèk la te prepare a sou non lank "Roshanai" oubyen "Addanshahi". [[Fichye:Sikh_manuscript_13.png|vignette|Tradiksyon Gurmukhi nan <nowiki><i id="mwASE">Alchimi Bonè</i></nowiki> [[Al-Ghazâlî|Imam al-Ghazali a]], ke yo rekonèt kòm "Paras Bhag". Sewapanthi sadhus yo te tradui l sou patwonaj Anandpur Durbar Guru Gobind Singh la.]] Pandan ke Sikh yo rele istwa tradisyonèl yo ''Sakhis'', Sewapanthis yo rele tradisyon istwa yo ''Parchai'', ki se istwa lavi ki gen rapò ak ''[[Mahatma|mahatmas]] Sewapanthi yo.'' Dapre Harbhajan Singh, Sewapanthis yo te kapab kontinye ekri literati Sikh malgre opresyon Mughal sou Sikh yo pandan 18yèm syèk la akòz lefèt ke yo te ''sehajharis'' ki pa t gen yon aparans Khalsa Sikh ekstèn. <ref name=":4" /> Akòz koneksyon Sindhi yo, angajman ak tèks Soufi ak literati Islamik te komen nan mitan Sewapanthis yo istorikman. == Kote adorasyon == Yon tanp Sewapanthi rele yon ''tikana'' (yon tèm yo itilize tou pou tanp Nanakpanthi yo ). Yo trè répandu nan Sindh, kote yo ka obsève senkretism relijye ant Endouyis ak Sikhis epi limit relijye byen klè yo vin flou ak mal defini. Nan yon ''tikana'' anjeneral gen yon kopi ekriti prensipal Sikh la, Guru Granth Sahib, ansanm ak imaj divinite Endik yo . <ref name=":15" /> Lè yo nonmen yon nouvo lidè kòm chèf yon ''tikana'' (sant pou sèk la), yo ba li yon bale ak yon bòl. <ref name=":14" /> Bale a senbolize pwòpte pandan bòl la senbolize sèvi lòt moun. <ref name=":14" /> == Koneksyon Udasi == Gen gwo lyen istorik ant de samparda sa yo. Bhai Khanaiya se te yon Udasi. Bhai Addan Shah te okòmansman yon Udasi ak yon elèv Baba Gurdas Dakhani. Kosyon sere sa a te rete jouk jounen jodi a. == Lidè yo == === Premye lidè yo === {| class="wikitable" !Non. ! Non (Birth–Death) ! Pòtrè ! Tèm ! Referans(yo) |- | 1. | [[Bhai Kanhaiya]]<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1648 – 1718) |[[Fichye:Fresco_depicting_Bhai_Kanhaiya_seated_on_a_terrace_leaning_against_a_bolster_from_Sri_Khat_Wari_Darbar,_Shikarpur,_Sindh.jpg|150x150px]] | 1705 – 1718 | |- | 2. | Sewa Ram<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1658 – 1728) |[[File:Depiction_of_Bhai_Sewa_Ram,_the_second_leader_of_the_Sewapanthi_sect_of_Sikhism.jpeg|190x190px]] | 1718 – 1728 | <ref name=":12" /> |- | 3. | Addan Shah<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1688 – 26 April 1757) |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | 1728 – 1757 | |- | 4. | Bhalla Ram<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1778 – 1854) |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | | <ref name=":9" /> <ref name=":13" /> |- | 5. | Jagata [ nòt 1 ]<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1798 – 1868) |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | | <ref name=":9" /> <ref name=":11" /> <ref name=":13" /> |} === Lidè ki te vin apre yo === ==== Tikana Bhai Jagta ==== {| class="wikitable" !Non. ! Non (Birth–Death) ! Pòtrè ! Tèm ! Referans(yo) |- ! colspan="5" | ''Mahants'' k ap pran plas Jagata [ nòt 2 ] |- | 6. | Hazari Ram<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1813 – 1883) |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | | |- | 7. | Sahai Ram<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1825 – 1901) |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | | <ref name=":11" /> <ref name=":13" /> |- | 8. | Ralya Ram<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1842 – 1927) |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | | <ref name=":11" /> <ref name=":13" /> |- | 9. | Lakhmi Das<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1928 – 1965) |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | | <ref name=":11" /> <ref name=":13" /> |- | 10. | Gulab Singh<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1881 – 1950) |[[Fichye:Mahant_Bhai_Gulab_Singh_Ji.jpg|224x224px]] | | <ref name=":11" /> |- | 11. | Asa Singh<br /><br /><br /><br /> (9 December 1893 – 1 January 1974) |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | | <ref name=":11" /> <ref name=":13" /> |- | 12. | Tirath Singh<br /><br /><br /><br /> (12 February 1925 – ?) |[[Fichye:Mahant_Tirath_Singh_Sewapanthi,_one_of_the_more_recent_leaders_of_the_Sewapanthi_Samparda.png|180x180px]] | 14 janvye 1974 – ? | <ref name=":11" /> |- | 13. | Kahan Singh |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | | |} ==== Lòt moun ==== * Mahant Karamjeet Singh Yamunangar == Sen enpòtan yo == * Baba Sham Singh * Sant Amir Singh <ref name=":6" /> * Baba Jhanda Singh <ref name=":7" /> * Baba Kharag Singh nan Bir Sahib <ref name=":7" /> [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] cy4zgz1c4q2plm2tit1l8r6qw6nl1gd 881111 881106 2026-04-20T03:16:48Z WhatamIdoing 11346 /* Premye lidè yo */ -Imaj 881111 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Sewapanthi''' ( Punjabi : ਸੇਵਾਪੰਥੀ; ki vle di "kominyon sèvis" oswa "chemen sèvis" ), ke yo rele tou '''Sevapanthi''', epi ke yo rele tou '''Addanshahi''', se yon sèk Sikh tradisyonèl oswa yon lòd ( ''samparda'' ) ki te kòmanse pa [[Bhai Kanhaiya]], yon disip pèsonèl nevyèm Guru Sikh la, [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] . Lòd la konsantre sou byennèt ak sèvis altruis lòt moun. '''<ref name=":22" />''' Guru a te enstwi Kanhaiya pou l soti al sèvi limanite, sa li te fè lè l te etabli yon dharmasala nan distri Attock nan Punjab epi l te sèvi san diskriminasyon. Sewa Panthis yo ke yo rele tou 'Addan Shahis'. Non sa a soti nan youn nan disip Bhai Kanhaiya yo, Addan Shah. == Istwa == === Orijin === [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] te gen yon disip yo te rele [[Bhai Kanhaiya|Kanhaiya Lal]] (yo eple l tou kòm 'Ghaniya' ), yon Dhamman (Dhiman) Khatri ki te fèt an 1648, nan yon vil yo rele Sohadara, kounye a nan [[Pakistan]] . Kanhaiya te gen yon tandans relijye depi li te jèn e li te rankontre gourou Sikh la plizyè fwa nan Anandpur lè li te gen dizan ak sèzan. Anpil enspire pa misyon gourou a, Kanhaiya te deside konsakre tèt li nan sèvis li, menm neglije marye paske li te panse sa t ap pran tan li te ka pase ap sèvi gourou a. Li te sèvi nan ''langar'' la epi li te vin yon moun k ap pote dlo pou chwal Guru yo. Guru a te bay Kanhaiya yon ''seli topi'' kòm rekonpans. Kanhaiya te akonpaye Guru Tegh Bahadur lè li t ap vwayaje nan rejyon lès soukontinan Endyen an. Kanhaiya, ki renome pou imilite li, te mete rad senp li te fè tèt li. '''<ref name=":22" />''' Bhai Kanhaiya te fondatè lòd Sewapanth la. '''<ref name=":22" />''' [[Fichye:Fresco_depicting_Bhai_Khanaiya_meeting_Guru_Gobind_Singh_from_Sri_Khat_Wari_Darbar,_Shikarpur,_Sindh.jpg|vignette|Fresko ki montre Bhai Khanaiya rankontre Guru Gobind Singh soti nan Sri Khat Wari Darbar, Shikarpur, Sindh.]] Yon fwa 10yèm Guru a, [[Guru Gobind Singh]], te monte nan ''[[Guru Gaddi|gurgaddi]] a,'' Bhai Kanhaiya te kòmanse swiv li. Yo di Guru te egzante Kanhaiya ak disip li yo de devwa militè epi li te di l pou l kontinye fè devwa ke reveran li, Guru Tegh Bahadur, te ba li a, pou sèvi tout èt vivan. Nan batay Anandpur (1703), Bhai Kanhaiya te sèvi dlo san diskriminasyon bay sòlda blese yo sou chan batay la, sa gen ladan opozisyon an, ki te konpoze de fòs lènmi Pahari yo, fòs Mughal Sirhind Sarkar yo, ak sòlda iregilye Gujjars ak Pathan yo. Pou aksyon sa a, gèrye Sikh ki te fache yo te akize l de trayizon epi yo te mennen l devan Guru a. Lè l te mande l poukisa li t ap ede lènmi blese a, Kanhaiya te reponn ke li pa t ka fè diferans ant zanmi ak lènmi, paske li te sèlman wè Waheguru nan yo tout. <ref name=":3" /> '''<ref name=":22" />''' Guru a te trè kontan, epi non sèlman li te bay Kanhaiya lòd pou l kontinye, men li te ba li yon bwat medikaman kòm kado tou. Apre sa, li te beni l, li te di apre l ap gen yon lòd Sikh. Guru a te ba li yon kabann ak yon mouchwa tou kòm kado. Apre sa, Kanhaiya te rasanble yon gwoup Sikh ki te gen lespri sèvis. '''<ref name=":22" />''' Pandan evakyasyon Anandpur Sahib an 1705, Kanhaiya te pèdi kontak ak Guru Gobind Singh pandan yo t ap travèse rivyè Sirsa ki te debòde. Apre sa, li te vwayaje nan rejyon Malwa a, kote li te rankontre yon sadhu Bairagi toupre Jagraon, epi moun sa a te montre l direksyon kote Guru Gobind Singh te ale. === Pita nan epòk Mughal ak Afgan an === Apre envazyon Ahmad Shah Abdali an 1757, Sewapanthi yo te kapab gaye plis epi vin popilè, yo te fonde dharamshala Konstriksyon sal ''langar'' nan Tanp an lò a te sipèvize pa sen Sewapanthi yo. Yo te gaye atravè tout peyi Zend. Nan peryòd sa a, kèk figi enpòtan nan tradisyon Sewapanthi yo te gen ladan Aya Ram, Bhai Ranga, Daya Ram, Bhai Dayal, Bhai Soma, ak Paras Ram. Paras Ram, ki te enfim (yo te rele l ''pingla''), te fonde yon enstitisyon Sewapanthi nan Jangi Shiva Bazaar nan Amritsar. Sewapanthi yo te kontinye sèvi nan Harmandir Sahib menm pandan peryòd pèsekisyon anti-Sikh yo anba gouvènè Zakariya Khan, kote yo te menm kenbe limyè enteryè tanp lan limen an kachèt === Epòk modèn === Jawahar Singh nan Mitha Tiwana te yon Sewapanthi ki te aktif ant 1900 ak 1950, epi Nischal Singh te ranplase li e li toujou gen aktivite nan Jagadhri. Nan 20yèm syèk la, yon gwo entelektyèl nan tradisyon Sewapanthi a te Sant Pandit Nischal Singh, ki te mouri an 1978. Tradisyonèlman, Sewapanthi yo te fè pati Sehajdhari, men jodi a anpil nan yo ap vin fè pati Khalsa. Malgre sa, kantite Sewapanthi yo vin trè piti, epi tradisyon an ap prèske disparèt jodi a. == Filozofi ak pratik == [[Fichye:Photograph_of_Sant_Shaam_Singh_Sewapanthi_(celebrated_Sikh_saranda_player),_ca.1920.jpg|vignette|Yon foto Baba Sham Singh Sewapanthi '', pi popilè hazuri ragi a .'']] Konsantrasyon prensipal gwoup sa a se sou '''sèvis dezenterese pou lòt moun''', ki se rezon ki fè yo pote non sa a. Sikhismyo kwè ke sèvis ki fèt ak respè ak lanmou mityèl ka mennen nan delivrans espirityèl, paske li ede moun depase egoyis yo epi konprann tèt yo pi byen. Tradisyonèlman, Sewapanthi yo pa t viv lavi yon '''grishtī''' (mèt kay), men yo te chwazi rete selibatè. Yo dedye tout lavi yo a '''sewa''' (sèvis dezenterese) pou kominote a. An jeneral, yo pa mande lacharite pou siviv; olye de sa, yo konn kreye byen oswa aktivite ekonomik pou sipòte tèt yo, yon apwòch ki te anseye pa Aya Ram bay disip li Dharam Das. Sewa Panthis yo se pasifis . Malgre yo pa di li mal pou yon moun defann tèt li, Sewapanthis yo menm evite tout fòm vyolans. <ref name=":1" /> Yo refize fè lòt fòm lavi mal nan yon aspirasyon pou yo vin tounen egzanp pafè shaant ras la, epi pou yo rete nan sattva guna . <ref name=":1" /> Malgre sa, yo pa detache tèt yo nèt de lespri masyal Guru Gobind Singh te eksplike a. An prensip, yo sipòte aksyon vyolan nesesè yo mande Khalsa yo pou pwoteksyon Dharma a. Se poutèt sa, anpil Sewapanthis abandone ''pahul'' la, oswa inisyasyon nan lòd masyal Khalsa a. Anpil Sewapanthis te Sahajdhari nan obsèvans yo e pakonsekan yo pa t kenbe ''kesh'' (cheve ki pa koupe). Sa te pèmèt yo chape anba anpil pèsekisyon ke Sikh ki pi idantifyab yo te rankontre. <ref name=":4" /> Pandan ke yo di sen Sewapanthi yo gen yon aversion pou fanm, yo konnen pou ede fanm ki nan detrès. Sikh Sewapanthi yo anjeneral mete rad blan pi, epi yo kenbe ''kesh'' (cheve ki pa koupe), figi Sewapanthi yo tankou Sewa Ram ak Addan Shah pa janm koupe cheve yo. Yo souvan gen ''dera'' ak ''dharamsalas'' yo ki sitiye nan kote tankou Punjab, Pakistan, ak lòt kote ki gen majorite popilasyon Mizilman. Anpil nan disip sèk la te Sikh etnik Sindhi . == Literati == Sèk sa a te responsab pou prepare lank yo te itilize pou ekri maniskri ekriti Sikh yo nan epòk kote yo te konn ekri ekriti sa yo alamen anvan yo te kòmanse enprime an mas. Yo te konnen lank sèk la te prepare a sou non lank "Roshanai" oubyen "Addanshahi". [[Fichye:Sikh_manuscript_13.png|vignette|Tradiksyon Gurmukhi nan <nowiki><i id="mwASE">Alchimi Bonè</i></nowiki> [[Al-Ghazâlî|Imam al-Ghazali a]], ke yo rekonèt kòm "Paras Bhag". Sewapanthi sadhus yo te tradui l sou patwonaj Anandpur Durbar Guru Gobind Singh la.]] Pandan ke Sikh yo rele istwa tradisyonèl yo ''Sakhis'', Sewapanthis yo rele tradisyon istwa yo ''Parchai'', ki se istwa lavi ki gen rapò ak ''[[Mahatma|mahatmas]] Sewapanthi yo.'' Dapre Harbhajan Singh, Sewapanthis yo te kapab kontinye ekri literati Sikh malgre opresyon Mughal sou Sikh yo pandan 18yèm syèk la akòz lefèt ke yo te ''sehajharis'' ki pa t gen yon aparans Khalsa Sikh ekstèn. <ref name=":4" /> Akòz koneksyon Sindhi yo, angajman ak tèks Soufi ak literati Islamik te komen nan mitan Sewapanthis yo istorikman. == Kote adorasyon == Yon tanp Sewapanthi rele yon ''tikana'' (yon tèm yo itilize tou pou tanp Nanakpanthi yo ). Yo trè répandu nan Sindh, kote yo ka obsève senkretism relijye ant Endouyis ak Sikhis epi limit relijye byen klè yo vin flou ak mal defini. Nan yon ''tikana'' anjeneral gen yon kopi ekriti prensipal Sikh la, Guru Granth Sahib, ansanm ak imaj divinite Endik yo . <ref name=":15" /> Lè yo nonmen yon nouvo lidè kòm chèf yon ''tikana'' (sant pou sèk la), yo ba li yon bale ak yon bòl. <ref name=":14" /> Bale a senbolize pwòpte pandan bòl la senbolize sèvi lòt moun. <ref name=":14" /> == Koneksyon Udasi == Gen gwo lyen istorik ant de samparda sa yo. Bhai Khanaiya se te yon Udasi. Bhai Addan Shah te okòmansman yon Udasi ak yon elèv Baba Gurdas Dakhani. Kosyon sere sa a te rete jouk jounen jodi a. == Lidè yo == === Premye lidè yo === {| class="wikitable" !Non. ! Non (Birth–Death) ! Pòtrè ! Tèm ! Referans(yo) |- | 1. | [[Bhai Kanhaiya]]<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1648 – 1718) |[[Fichye:Fresco_depicting_Bhai_Kanhaiya_seated_on_a_terrace_leaning_against_a_bolster_from_Sri_Khat_Wari_Darbar,_Shikarpur,_Sindh.jpg|150x150px]] | 1705 – 1718 | |- | 2. | Sewa Ram<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1658 – 1728) | | 1718 – 1728 | <ref name=":12" /> |- | 3. | Addan Shah<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1688 – 26 April 1757) |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | 1728 – 1757 | |- | 4. | Bhalla Ram<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1778 – 1854) |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | | <ref name=":9" /> <ref name=":13" /> |- | 5. | Jagata [ nòt 1 ]<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1798 – 1868) |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | | <ref name=":9" /> <ref name=":11" /> <ref name=":13" /> |} === Lidè ki te vin apre yo === ==== Tikana Bhai Jagta ==== {| class="wikitable" !Non. ! Non (Birth–Death) ! Pòtrè ! Tèm ! Referans(yo) |- ! colspan="5" | ''Mahants'' k ap pran plas Jagata [ nòt 2 ] |- | 6. | Hazari Ram<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1813 – 1883) |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | | |- | 7. | Sahai Ram<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1825 – 1901) |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | | <ref name=":11" /> <ref name=":13" /> |- | 8. | Ralya Ram<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1842 – 1927) |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | | <ref name=":11" /> <ref name=":13" /> |- | 9. | Lakhmi Das<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1928 – 1965) |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | | <ref name=":11" /> <ref name=":13" /> |- | 10. | Gulab Singh<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1881 – 1950) |[[Fichye:Mahant_Bhai_Gulab_Singh_Ji.jpg|224x224px]] | | <ref name=":11" /> |- | 11. | Asa Singh<br /><br /><br /><br /> (9 December 1893 – 1 January 1974) |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | | <ref name=":11" /> <ref name=":13" /> |- | 12. | Tirath Singh<br /><br /><br /><br /> (12 February 1925 – ?) |[[Fichye:Mahant_Tirath_Singh_Sewapanthi,_one_of_the_more_recent_leaders_of_the_Sewapanthi_Samparda.png|180x180px]] | 14 janvye 1974 – ? | <ref name=":11" /> |- | 13. | Kahan Singh |[[Fichye:Sin_foto.svg|200x200px]] | | |} ==== Lòt moun ==== * Mahant Karamjeet Singh Yamunangar == Sen enpòtan yo == * Baba Sham Singh * Sant Amir Singh <ref name=":6" /> * Baba Jhanda Singh <ref name=":7" /> * Baba Kharag Singh nan Bir Sahib <ref name=":7" /> [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] sm7slcpt21g8yrz2qj2pmoziq4rtnsy 0 97435 881108 2026-04-20T02:37:39Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348590696|EcoSikh]] » 881108 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''EcoSikh''' se yon òganizasyon anviwònman Sikh . Li se òganizasyon anviwònman Sikh ki pi enpòtan kap travay sou pwoblèm anviwònman mondyal yo. <ref name=":0" /> Li te youn nan pigwo òganizasyon kap fè pwomosyon pou Sikhi kòm yon relijyon ki vle proteje latè nou. <ref name=":0" /> Lè nou itilize kad relijyon vèt Bron Taylor la, nou kap konprann EcoSikh kòm pozisyonman konpòtman ki konsyan anviwònman an, tankou plante pyebwa, kòm yon obligasyon relijye ki baze sou prensip ''Seva'' oswa sèvis dezenterese. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ecosikh.org/sikh-statement-on-climate-change/,%20https://ecosikh.org/sikh-statement-on-climate-change/|title=Sikh Statement on Climate Change - EcoSikh|date=2019-09-18|language=en-US|access-date=2025-07-09}}</ref> == Istwa == === Istorik === Nou ka jwenn anvan Sikh yo te antre nan domèn anviwònman an nan Guru Granth Sahib la menm. Dezyèm ''shloka'' ''Japji Sahib'' [[Guru Nanak]] la mete aksan sou enpòtans pou nou viv an amoni ak lanati. <ref name=":0" /> Anplis de sa, [[Guru Har Rai]] te anseye ke Sikh yo ta dwe pran swen anviwònman an. <ref name=":0" /> Filozofi ''[[sarbat da bhala]]'' Sikh yo mande yo pou yo ankouraje byennèt tout moun. <ref name=":0" /> Gen plizyè òganizasyon ak mouvman nan Sikhism ki te angaje nan pwoteksyon anviwònman an depi lontan. Pa egzanp, Pingalwara, ki te fonde pa Bhagat Puran Singh, te gen yon apwòch ki pran an konsiderasyon anviwònman an ansanm ak travay sosyal li yo. Balbir Singh Seechewal, ki soti nan tradisyon Nirmala a, te dirije yon gwo efò pou netwaye Kali Bein nan ane 2000 yo, epi li te ede ogmante konsyantizasyon sou eta Buddha Nullah tou. Anplis, Sewa Singh, direktè Nishan-e-Sikhi Charitable Trust ki baze nan Khadur Sahib, te sipèvize distribisyon ak plantasyon dè santèn de milye ti pyebwa, menm sou bò wout nan zòn nan. === Etablisman === EcoSikh te etabli an 2009 grasa yon patenarya avèk Konsèy Sikh sou Relijyon ak Edikasyon (SCORE). Kreyasyon òganizasyon an te enfliyanse pa Pwogram Devlopman Nasyonzini an ak inisyativ Alyans Relijyon ak Konsèvasyon yo . <ref name=":0" /> Fondatè EcoSikh se Rajwant Singh, ki se Prezidan Mondyal la. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/ecosikh-completes-planting-400-sacred-forests-all-across-globe-sikh-environment-day-2022|title=EcoSikh Completes Planting 400 Sacred Forests all across the globe on Sikh Environment Day 2022|last=Singh|first=Gurjot|date=15 March 2022|website=SikhNet|access-date=11 July 2024}}</ref> === Aktivite yo === EcoSikh opere prensipalman nan eta Punjab nan peyi Zend, men li mennen tou pwojè mondyal. EcoSikh ap travay pou "vètize" gurdwara yo lè li diminye fatra jetab nan sal langar yo lè li prezante altènativ ki respekte anviwònman an. <ref name=":0" /> Anplis de sa, y ap travay pou "vètize" zòn ki toupre Tanp an lò nan Amritsar. <ref name=":0" /> Lòt aktivite EcoSikh yo gen ladan yo kanpay netwayaj jeneral, enstalasyon panno solè, ak evènman seminè. <ref name=":0" /> EcoSikh gen pou objektif chanje atitid ak konpòtman Sikh endividyèl anvè anviwònman an, ak pwomosyon yon anviwònman ki an sante e ki respekte anviwònman an ki antoure konplèks gurdwara yo. <ref name=":0" /> Depi 2013, EcoAmritsar, yon inisyativ EcoSikh ki baze nan Amritsar, ap bay enstriksyon sou òganizasyon ''kirtan nagar'' anviwònman yo, tankou rekòmande itilizasyon ak koleksyon asyèt ak kouto biodégradab ki fèt ak fèy epi sèvi ''langar'' ki baze sou òganik. Yo rapòte ke EcoSikh te patisipe nan plis pase 1,500 aktivite nan ane 2013 la. An 2013, yo te fè yon kado bay EcoSikh pou yon tablo Rahi Mohinder Singh ki montre Guru Har Rai k ap bay yon moun kap fè petisyon pou l plante yon pyebwa. Sepandan, espès pyebwa ki nan tablo a se yon ekaliptus, yon [[Espès egzotik|espès ki pa natif natal]] ke yo pa t jwenn pandan lavi Guru Har Rai, sa ki fè tablo a [[Anakwonis|anakwonik]] . Nan mwa me 2017, EcoSikh te pwopoze etablisman yon "forè sakre" 100 kawo tè alantou tanp Gurdwara Darbar Sahib nan Kartarpur, [[Pakistan]] pou selebre 550yèm selebrasyon Guru Nanak Gurpurab ki te pwograme pou 2019. Rajwant Singh, prezidan EcoSikh, te eksprime tou rèv pou devlope sit la kòm yon sant eko-touris, ansanm ak pwopozisyon forè sakre a. <ref name=":2" /> EcoSikh te sijere tou ke yo ta ka etabli yon jaden botanik nan Kartarpur olye de yon forè sakre. <ref name=":2" /> Ansanm ak sijesyon forè sakre a, yo te pwopoze pou yo konsidere efò ki kouvri agrikilti òganik, enstale yon enstalasyon panèl solè, zòn forè dedye, pami lòt bagay, pou Kartarpur. <ref name=":2" /> Misyon Forè Sakre Guru Nanak EcoSikh la te lanse an 2019. EcoSikh gen yon branch tou nan Kanada, ke yo rekonèt kòm 'EcoSikh Canada'. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecosikh.ca/about-ecosikh-canada|title=About EcoSikh Canada|date=2019|website=EcoSikh Canada|access-date=11 July 2024}}</ref> An 2019, EcoSikh Canada te plante plizyè santèn pyebwa nan zòn Brampton ak Scarborough, Ontario . Yo te plante 550 pyebwa espesyalman nan vil Brampton pou selebre 550yèm selebrasyon Guru Nanak Gurpurab la. <ref name=":6" /> Apre sa, yo te plante 550 lòt pyebwa nan Scarborough. <ref name=":6" /> Roop Sidhu, fondatè chapit Kanadyen EcoSikh la, te deklare ke EcoSikh te plante 10,000 pyebwa atravè Kanada rive 12 novanm 2019 epi li gen plan pou plante 55,000 pyebwa atravè Kanada rive 2021. <ref name=":6" /> Apa de Punjab, EcoSikh te plante pyebwa tou nan lòt eta ak rejyon Endyen yo, tankou Haryana, Rajasthan, Delhi, Maharashtra, Gujarat, ak nan Jammu . <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/ecosikh-completes-planting-400-sacred-forests-all-across-globe-sikh-environment-day-2022|title=EcoSikh Completes Planting 400 Sacred Forests all across the globe on Sikh Environment Day 2022|last=Singh|first=Gurjot|date=15 March 2022|website=SikhNet|access-date=11 July 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSingh2022">Singh, Gurjot (15 March 2022). [https://www.sikhnet.com/news/ecosikh-completes-planting-400-sacred-forests-all-across-globe-sikh-environment-day-2022 "EcoSikh Completes Planting 400 Sacred Forests all across the globe on Sikh Environment Day 2022"]. ''SikhNet''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Nan dat 14 mas 2022 (Jou Anviwònman Sikh), EcoSikh te plante 1,150 pyebwa nan Ilann, 500 pyebwa nan Derbyshire, Wayòm Ini, ak 250 pyebwa nan Surrey, BC <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/ecosikh-completes-planting-400-sacred-forests-all-across-globe-sikh-environment-day-2022|title=EcoSikh Completes Planting 400 Sacred Forests all across the globe on Sikh Environment Day 2022|last=Singh|first=Gurjot|date=15 March 2022|website=SikhNet|access-date=11 July 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSingh2022">Singh, Gurjot (15 March 2022). [https://www.sikhnet.com/news/ecosikh-completes-planting-400-sacred-forests-all-across-globe-sikh-environment-day-2022 "EcoSikh Completes Planting 400 Sacred Forests all across the globe on Sikh Environment Day 2022"]. ''SikhNet''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> EcoSikh louvri yon nouvo segman forè endistriyèl anba Responsablite Sosyal Antrepriz (RSA), kote pwodiktè ak kòporasyon yo ka diminye anprint kabòn yo ak pri abòdab ak yon envestisman minimòm nan tè. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://ecosikh.org/about/contact/team-members/|title=Our Team Members - Our USA Board Members|date=14 December 2020|website=EcoSikh|access-date=11 July 2024}}</ref> EcoSikh kenbe pwòp pepinyè plant li nan Sajjan Precision Castings, Sahnewal, Punjab, peyi Zend. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://ecosikh.org/about/contact/team-members/|title=Our Team Members - Our USA Board Members|date=14 December 2020|website=EcoSikh|access-date=11 July 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ecosikh.org/about/contact/team-members/ "Our Team Members - Our USA Board Members"]. ''EcoSikh''. 14 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Nan mwa janvye 2024, yo te onore EcoSikh nan kategori 'Sikh nan Charite' nan 12yèm Sikh Awards yo, ki te fèt nan Bel La monde Hotel nan New Delhi. EcoSikh te pran angajman pou plante 1 milyon pyebwa anvan 2025. <ref name=":9" /> Kounye a, EcoSikh ap opere nan senk peyi. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://ecosikh.org/about/contact/team-members/|title=Our Team Members - Our USA Board Members|date=14 December 2020|website=EcoSikh|access-date=11 July 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ecosikh.org/about/contact/team-members/ "Our Team Members - Our USA Board Members"]. ''EcoSikh''. 14 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> EcoSikh te resevwa envitasyon nan men Mezon Blanch lan, Vatikan an, Nasyonzini yo, ak anpil lòt platfòm entènasyonal. ==== Jounen Anviwònman Sikh la ==== [[Fichye:EcoSikh_Sikh_Environment_Day2012-Gurdwara_Ameerpet_Hyderabad(5).jpg|vignette|Evènman EcoSikh nan Jounen Anviwònman Sikh 2012 nan Gurdwara Ameerpet nan Hyderabad. Kongregasyon lokal la te pote plant dekoratif nan lokal gurdwara a.]] Nan 2011, EcoSikh te etabli selebrasyon Jounen Anviwònman Sikh, ke yo rekonèt nan Punjabi kòm 'Sikh Vatavaran Divas' ( Punjabi ). Yo te chwazi 14 mas la pou selebre Jounen Anviwònman Sikh la paske se te dat anivèsè ''[[Guru Gaddi|gurgaddi]]'' Guru Har Rai a (monte nan pozisyon guru). <ref name=":0" /> An 2013, prezidan EcoSikh la te dekri Guru Har Rai kòm "guru vèt la", li te mete aksan sou lyen sere guru Sikh la ak lanati, nan yon deklarasyon pou laprès. <ref name=":0" /> Anpil gurdwara enpòtan te adopte Jounen Anviwònman Sikh la, tankou Takht Hazur Sahib, youn nan {{Lang|pa-Latn|[[Panj Takht]]}} yo., nan Nanded . <ref name=":0" /> Li te adopte tou pami gurdwara Sikh dyasporik yo, tankou sa yo ki sitiye nan [[Pittsburgh, Pennsilvani|Pittsburgh]] ak Singapore . <ref name=":0" /> An 2013, lidè tout senk {{Lang|pa-Latn|takht}} yo Pati Sikh yo te ofisyèlman apwouve Jounen Anviwònman Sikh la. <ref name=":0" /> ''Jathedar'' Takht Hazur Sahib la te ankouraje aktivite plante pyebwa pou yo te fèt nan Jounen Anviwònman Sikh la. <ref name=":0" /> ==== Forè Sakre Guru Nanak yo ==== EcoSikh te plante anpil "mini-forè", ki konpoze de espès plant natif natal, nan eta Punjab, nan peyi Zend, lè l sèvi avèk metodoloji Miyawaki Japonè a, ke yo rele 'Forè Sakre Guru Nanak'. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|title=EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district|last=Zutshi|first=Minna|date=25 October 2020|website=The Tribune, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|archive-date=1 May 2023|access-date=1 May 2023}}</ref> Misyon Forè Sakre Guru Nanak la te lanse an 2019 an kolaborasyon avèk ''Afforestt'' pou koresponn ak selebrasyon 550yèm nesans Guru Nanak. <ref name=":0" /> Objektif final misyon an se plante yon milyon pyebwa lè l sèvi avèk metòd Akira Miyawaki te envante yo. <ref name=":0" /> An brèf, metòd la distenge de metòd plante pyebwa konvansyonèl yo paske plantasyon Miyakawi a gen yon distans pi piti ant ti plant yo plante yo, sa ki pèmèt forè a matirite pi vit. <ref name=":0" /> EcoSikh deklare ke Forè Sakre Guru Nanak li yo gen 30 fwa plis dansite, yo gen yon to kwasans 10 fwa pi wo, yo gen 100 fwa plis divèsite byolojik, yo pa koute chè, yo fasil pou kenbe, epi yo pa itilize pestisid chimik. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|title=EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district|last=Zutshi|first=Minna|date=25 October 2020|website=The Tribune, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|archive-date=1 May 2023|access-date=1 May 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFZutshi2020">Zutshi, Minna (25 October 2020). [https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 "EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district"]. ''The Tribune, India''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 Archived] from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Manadjè pwojè EcoSikh pou Azi di Sid, Ravneet Singh, eksplike ke metòd Miyawaki a ede fè forè dans ak natif natal grandi atravè plantasyon plizyè douzèn espès natif natal nan menm vwazinaj la, apre sa forè a vin pa bezwen antretyen apre yon peryòd twa zan. <ref name=":1" /> Forè yo bay abita pou bèt sovaj epi ede amelyore kalite tè nan zòn nan. <ref name=":1" /> Tè forè yo kouvri ak payaj pou amelyore mikwo-òganis ak ti bèt ki abite nan tè a epi li ede reglemante tanperati tè a. <ref name=":1" /> EcoSikh kwè chak moso tè gen potansyèl pou transfòme an yon forè. <ref name=":1" /> Men etap pou etabli yon Forè Sakre Guru Nanak: <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|title=EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district|last=Zutshi|first=Minna|date=25 October 2020|website=The Tribune, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|archive-date=1 May 2023|access-date=1 May 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFZutshi2020">Zutshi, Minna (25 October 2020). [https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 "EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district"]. ''The Tribune, India''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 Archived] from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> * Chwazi yon teren klotire ki apwopriye pou plantasyon, epi ki gen espas anba tè ak anlè tè. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|title=EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district|last=Zutshi|first=Minna|date=25 October 2020|website=The Tribune, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|archive-date=1 May 2023|access-date=1 May 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFZutshi2020">Zutshi, Minna (25 October 2020). [https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 "EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district"]. ''The Tribune, India''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 Archived] from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> * Teste tè a pou wè kapasite li genyen pou kenbe dlo, pèforasyon ak kontni òganik li. <ref name=":1" /> * Yo chwazi epi melanje byomas ki nesesè a pou estabilize tout egzijans ki anwo yo. <ref name=":1" /> * Yo prepare kabann forè a ak anpil atansyon, sa gen ladan l nivelman tè a. <ref name=":1" /> * Yo antreprann kantifikasyon ak akizisyon espès endijèn nan zòn lokal la. <ref name=":1" /> * Espès natif natal yo distribye epi plante selon yon estrikti an kouch dapre metòd Miyawaki a. <ref name=":1" /> Distri Ludhiana a gen yon gwo kantite pwojè forè sakre sa yo, malgre gwo enkyetid anviwònman ki gen rapò ak polisyon nan distri a. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|title=EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district|last=Zutshi|first=Minna|date=25 October 2020|website=The Tribune, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|archive-date=1 May 2023|access-date=1 May 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFZutshi2020">Zutshi, Minna (25 October 2020). [https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 "EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district"]. ''The Tribune, India''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 Archived] from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Nan yon zòn endistriyèl ki ba nan vil Ludhiana, EcoSikh deklare ke menm apre evènman anba dlo ak debòdman lwil oliv, 80% nan pyebwa forè li te plante yo te siviv ensidan negatif anviwònman sa yo, sa ki montre rezistans forè yo. <ref name=":1" /> An 2020, yo te plante prèske yon santèn Forè Sakre Guru Nanak nan Punjab. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|title=EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district|last=Zutshi|first=Minna|date=25 October 2020|website=The Tribune, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|archive-date=1 May 2023|access-date=1 May 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFZutshi2020">Zutshi, Minna (25 October 2020). [https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 "EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district"]. ''The Tribune, India''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 Archived] from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Rive nan lane 2021, EcoSikh te etabli plis pase twasan Forè Sakre Guru Nanak, sitou nan Punjab. Mini-forè sa yo se kay pou 150,000 espès flò endijèn, ki bay abita pou espès ensèk ak zwazo. <ref name=":0" /> Gen kèk nan Forè Sakre Guru Nanak yo ki sitiye nan zòn iben, yo pretann yo ede amelyore kalite lè nan zòn nan ak retabli byodiversite. <ref name=":0" /> Rive nan lane 2024, EcoSikh te plante plis pase 850 forè nan Punjab. Nan fen mwa mas 2026 la, EcoSikh te fin plante 1580 forè nan plizyè eta nan peyi Zend <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ecosikh.org/guru-nanak-sacred-forest/#:~:text=1580%2B%20micro%20forests%20comprising%20of%209%2C00%2C000%C2%A0thriving%20native%20trees%20have%20been%20planted%20in%20Punjab%2CHImachal%2C%20Rajasthan%2C%20Gujarat%2C%20Maharashtra%2C%20Delhi%2C%20Chandigarh%2C%20Jammu%20and%20Kashmir.|title=Guru Nanak Sacred Forest|last=Pavneet|first=Singh|website=Ecosikh.org|access-date=}}</ref> ==== Guru Granth Sahib Bagh ==== ''Guru Granth Sahib Bagh'' la se yon inisyativ EcoSikh, k ap travay an kolaborasyon avèk PETALS, konsènan etablisman ak antretyen yon jaden toupre tanp istorik Sikh la, Gurusar Sahib, ki sitiye nan distri Moga . Jaden an te inogire an septanm 2021 epi li gen tout senkantwit espès plant ki mansyone pa non nan im Guru Granth Sahib yo. <ref name=":0" /> Chak plant akonpaye pa yon wòch ak yon gravur ki gen ekstrè ki enpòtan nan ekriti Sikh la ki mansyone espès la. <ref name=":0" /> ==== Naulakha Bagh ==== Yo kwè yon jaden tradisyonèl Sikh ki sitiye nan Kiratpur, ke yo rekonèt kòm Naulakha Bagh, te fonde epi pran swen pa Guru Har Rai pandan peryòd guru li a. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://ecosikh.org/sikhs-reviving-historical-naulakha-bagh-of-guru-har-rai-on-his-383rd-birth-anniversary/|title=Sikhs Reviving Historical Naulakha Bagh of Guru Har Rai on His 383rd Birth Anniversary|date=31 January 2013|website=EcoSikh|access-date=7 July 2024}}</ref> EcoSikh te patisipe nan yon pwojè pou restore jaden sa a. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":3" /> EcoSikh ap kowòdone avèk lòt òganizasyon Sikh, tankou Shree Ganga Nursery, Shree Ganga Nursery Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC), ak Nishan-e-Sikhi. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":3" /> Pwojè a gen pou objaktif pou mete aksan sou plant medsinal yo, ki pral ede reviv konesans medsinal tradisyonèl natif natal yo. <ref name=":0" /> ==== Ek Bageecha ==== EcoSikh te mete ansanm yon antoloji sou entènèt ki rele '''Eak Bageecha''' (ki vle di “yon sèl jaden”), ki rasanble konpozisyon “gurbani vèt” sou tèm anviwònman an jan yo parèt nan ekriti Sikhism yo. Tit la soti nan yon konpozisyon Guru Arjan, kote guru a prezante kòm yon jardinye k ap pran swen yon jaden espirityèl ki gen ''Naam''. Imaj sa a sèvi kòm yon modèl pou moun, pou yo rekonèt prezans diven an nan tout bagay epi pou yo pran swen kreyasyon an. Antoloji a rasanble tèks ki fè lwanj bote lanati epi ki montre kijan divinite a ka manifeste nan tout ekosistèm Latè a—soti nan oseyan rive nan dezè.   == Moun ki se aktif ak sa yo == * Rajwant Singh – Fondatè ak Prezidan Mondyal <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://ecosikh.org/about/contact/team-members/|title=Our Team Members - Our USA Board Members|date=14 December 2020|website=EcoSikh|access-date=11 July 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ecosikh.org/about/contact/team-members/ "Our Team Members - Our USA Board Members"]. ''EcoSikh''. 14 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> * Gunpreet Singh – Prezidan <ref name=":8" /> * Rasna Kaur – Direktè Egzekitif <ref name=":8" /> * Inderpreet Singh – Direktè Egzekitif <ref name=":8" /> * Manpreet Singh – Sekretè <ref name=":8" /> * Bhavdeep Bajaj – Trezorye <ref name=":8" /> * Charan Singh – Konvokatè (Misyon Forè Sakre ak Faun Sakre) <ref name=":8" /> * Siprèt Kaur – Prezidan EcoSikh peyi Zend <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/ecosikh-completes-planting-400-sacred-forests-all-across-globe-sikh-environment-day-2022|title=EcoSikh Completes Planting 400 Sacred Forests all across the globe on Sikh Environment Day 2022|last=Singh|first=Gurjot|date=15 March 2022|website=SikhNet|access-date=11 July 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSingh2022">Singh, Gurjot (15 March 2022). [https://www.sikhnet.com/news/ecosikh-completes-planting-400-sacred-forests-all-across-globe-sikh-environment-day-2022 "EcoSikh Completes Planting 400 Sacred Forests all across the globe on Sikh Environment Day 2022"]. ''SikhNet''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> * Pavneet Singh – Chèf Operasyon (End) <ref name=":7" /> == Relasyon ak prensip Sikh ''Sevā'' a == '''Sevā''' se youn nan poto prensipal nan Sikhi. Li vle di sèvis dezenterese ansanm ak yon sans devwa sivik, ni nan kominote a ni nan sosyete an jeneral. Nan sikhi, Sevā defini kòm sèvis volontè ki fèt san atann okenn rekonpans, men pito pou byennèt lòt moun. Gen plizyè fòm Sevā: sèvis atravè kò yon moun (''tan''), atravè lespri li (''man''), ak atravè richès li (''dan''). Menm si tout fòm sa yo gen menm enpòtans, Sikh Gurus yo mete aksan sou ke tout Sevā dwe fèt san dezi pèsonèl (''nishkam''), san okenn move entansyon (''nishkapat''), epi avèk imilite (''nimarta''). EcoSikh fè konnen byen klè ke yo wè travay yo kòm yon fòm sevā. <ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://ecosikh.org/sikh-statement-on-climate-change/,%20https://ecosikh.org/sikh-statement-on-climate-change/|title=Sikh Statement on Climate Change - EcoSikh|date=2019-09-18|language=en-US|access-date=2025-07-09}}</ref> ''Sevā'' ka fèt lè yo diminye anprint kabòn, resikle, envesti nan enèji renouvlab, epi pran konsyans de kote manje a soti. <ref name=":11" /> == Chapti entènasyonal yo == * EkoSikh peyi Zend * EkoSikh Etazini * EkoSikh Kanada * EkoSikh Wayòm Ini * EkoSikh Iland {{Referans}} knobry4470rms3xgyza7yvpbihabrgh 881120 881108 2026-04-20T04:55:44Z 1104s72 38991 881120 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''EcoSikh''' se yon òganizasyon anviwònman [[Sikhi|Sikh]] . Li se òganizasyon anviwònman Sikh ki pi enpòtan kap travay sou pwoblèm anviwònman mondyal yo. <ref name=":0" /> Li te youn nan pigwo òganizasyon kap fè pwomosyon pou [[Sikhi]] kòm yon relijyon ki vle proteje latè nou. <ref name=":0" /> Lè nou itilize kad relijyon vèt Bron Taylor la, nou kap konprann EcoSikh kòm pozisyonman konpòtman ki konsyan anviwònman an, tankou plante pyebwa, kòm yon obligasyon relijye ki baze sou prensip ''[[Seva]]'' oswa sèvis dezenterese. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ecosikh.org/sikh-statement-on-climate-change/,%20https://ecosikh.org/sikh-statement-on-climate-change/|title=Sikh Statement on Climate Change - EcoSikh|date=2019-09-18|language=en-US|access-date=2025-07-09}}</ref> == Istwa == === Istorik === Nou ka jwenn anvan [[Sikhi|Sikh]] yo te antre nan domèn anviwònman an nan Guru Granth Sahib la menm. Dezyèm ''shloka'' ''Japji Sahib'' [[Guru Nanak]] la mete aksan sou enpòtans pou nou viv an amoni ak lanati. <ref name=":0" /> Anplis de sa, [[Guru Har Rai]] te anseye ke Sikh yo ta dwe pran swen anviwònman an. <ref name=":0" /> Filozofi ''[[sarbat da bhala]]'' Sikh yo mande yo pou yo ankouraje byennèt tout moun. <ref name=":0" /> Gen plizyè òganizasyon ak mouvman nan Sikhi ki te angaje nan pwoteksyon anviwònman an depi lontan. Pa egzanp, Pingalwara, ki te fonde pa Bhagat Puran Singh, te gen yon apwòch ki pran an konsiderasyon anviwònman an ansanm ak travay sosyal li yo. Balbir Singh Seechewal, ki soti nan tradisyon Nirmala a, te dirije yon gwo efò pou netwaye Kali Bein nan ane 2000 yo, epi li te ede ogmante konsyantizasyon sou eta Buddha Nullah tou. Anplis, Sewa Singh, direktè Nishan-e-Sikhi Charitable Trust ki baze nan Khadur Sahib, te sipèvize distribisyon ak plantasyon dè santèn de milye ti pyebwa, menm sou bò wout nan zòn nan. === Etablisman === EcoSikh te etabli an 2009 grasa yon patenarya avèk Konsèy Sikh sou Relijyon ak Edikasyon (SCORE). Kreyasyon òganizasyon an te enfliyanse pa Pwogram Devlopman Nasyonzini an ak inisyativ Alyans Relijyon ak Konsèvasyon yo . <ref name=":0" /> Fondatè EcoSikh se Rajwant Singh, ki se Prezidan Mondyal la. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/ecosikh-completes-planting-400-sacred-forests-all-across-globe-sikh-environment-day-2022|title=EcoSikh Completes Planting 400 Sacred Forests all across the globe on Sikh Environment Day 2022|last=Singh|first=Gurjot|date=15 March 2022|website=SikhNet|access-date=11 July 2024}}</ref> === Aktivite yo === EcoSikh opere prensipalman nan eta Punjab nan peyi Zend, men li mennen tou pwojè mondyal. EcoSikh ap travay pou "vètize" gurdwara yo lè li diminye fatra jetab nan sal langar yo lè li prezante altènativ ki respekte anviwònman an. <ref name=":0" /> Anplis de sa, y ap travay pou "vètize" zòn ki toupre Tanp an lò nan Amritsar. <ref name=":0" /> Lòt aktivite EcoSikh yo gen ladan yo kanpay netwayaj jeneral, enstalasyon panno solè, ak evènman seminè. <ref name=":0" /> EcoSikh gen pou objektif chanje atitid ak konpòtman Sikh endividyèl anvè anviwònman an, ak pwomosyon yon anviwònman ki an sante e ki respekte anviwònman an ki antoure konplèks gurdwara yo. <ref name=":0" /> Depi 2013, EcoAmritsar, yon inisyativ EcoSikh ki baze nan Amritsar, ap bay enstriksyon sou òganizasyon ''kirtan nagar'' anviwònman yo, tankou rekòmande itilizasyon ak koleksyon asyèt ak kouto biodégradab ki fèt ak fèy epi sèvi ''langar'' ki baze sou òganik. Yo rapòte ke EcoSikh te patisipe nan plis pase 1,500 aktivite nan ane 2013 la. An 2013, yo te fè yon kado bay EcoSikh pou yon tablo Rahi Mohinder Singh ki montre Guru Har Rai k ap bay yon moun kap fè petisyon pou l plante yon pyebwa. Sepandan, espès pyebwa ki nan tablo a se yon ekaliptus, yon [[Espès egzotik|espès ki pa natif natal]] ke yo pa t jwenn pandan lavi Guru Har Rai, sa ki fè tablo a [[Anakwonis|anakwonik]] . Nan mwa me 2017, EcoSikh te pwopoze etablisman yon "forè sakre" 100 kawo tè alantou tanp Gurdwara Darbar Sahib nan Kartarpur, [[Pakistan]] pou selebre 550yèm selebrasyon Guru Nanak Gurpurab ki te pwograme pou 2019. Rajwant Singh, prezidan EcoSikh, te eksprime tou rèv pou devlope sit la kòm yon sant eko-touris, ansanm ak pwopozisyon forè sakre a. <ref name=":2" /> EcoSikh te sijere tou ke yo ta ka etabli yon jaden botanik nan Kartarpur olye de yon forè sakre. <ref name=":2" /> Ansanm ak sijesyon forè sakre a, yo te pwopoze pou yo konsidere efò ki kouvri agrikilti òganik, enstale yon enstalasyon panèl solè, zòn forè dedye, pami lòt bagay, pou Kartarpur. <ref name=":2" /> Misyon Forè Sakre Guru Nanak EcoSikh la te lanse an 2019. EcoSikh gen yon branch tou nan [[Kanada]], ke yo rekonèt kòm 'EcoSikh Canada'. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecosikh.ca/about-ecosikh-canada|title=About EcoSikh Canada|date=2019|website=EcoSikh Canada|access-date=11 July 2024}}</ref> An 2019, EcoSikh Canada te plante plizyè santèn [[pyebwa]] nan zòn Brampton ak Scarborough, Ontario . Yo te plante 550 pyebwa espesyalman nan vil Brampton pou selebre 550yèm selebrasyon Guru Nanak Gurpurab la. <ref name=":6" /> Apre sa, yo te plante 550 lòt pyebwa nan Scarborough. <ref name=":6" /> Roop Sidhu, fondatè chapit Kanadyen EcoSikh la, te deklare ke EcoSikh te plante 10,000 pyebwa atravè Kanada rive 12 novanm 2019 epi li gen plan pou plante 55,000 pyebwa atravè Kanada rive 2021. <ref name=":6" /> Apa de Punjab, EcoSikh te plante pyebwa tou nan lòt eta ak rejyon Endyen yo, tankou Haryana, Rajasthan, Delhi, Maharashtra, Gujarat, ak nan Jammu . <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/ecosikh-completes-planting-400-sacred-forests-all-across-globe-sikh-environment-day-2022|title=EcoSikh Completes Planting 400 Sacred Forests all across the globe on Sikh Environment Day 2022|last=Singh|first=Gurjot|date=15 March 2022|website=SikhNet|access-date=11 July 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSingh2022">Singh, Gurjot (15 March 2022). [https://www.sikhnet.com/news/ecosikh-completes-planting-400-sacred-forests-all-across-globe-sikh-environment-day-2022 "EcoSikh Completes Planting 400 Sacred Forests all across the globe on Sikh Environment Day 2022"]. ''SikhNet''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Nan dat 14 mas 2022 (Jou Anviwònman Sikh), EcoSikh te plante 1,150 pyebwa nan Ilann, 500 pyebwa nan Derbyshire, Wayòm Ini, ak 250 pyebwa nan Surrey, BC <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/ecosikh-completes-planting-400-sacred-forests-all-across-globe-sikh-environment-day-2022|title=EcoSikh Completes Planting 400 Sacred Forests all across the globe on Sikh Environment Day 2022|last=Singh|first=Gurjot|date=15 March 2022|website=SikhNet|access-date=11 July 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSingh2022">Singh, Gurjot (15 March 2022). [https://www.sikhnet.com/news/ecosikh-completes-planting-400-sacred-forests-all-across-globe-sikh-environment-day-2022 "EcoSikh Completes Planting 400 Sacred Forests all across the globe on Sikh Environment Day 2022"]. ''SikhNet''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> EcoSikh louvri yon nouvo segman forè endistriyèl anba Responsablite Sosyal Antrepriz (RSA), kote pwodiktè ak kòporasyon yo ka diminye anprint kabòn yo ak pri abòdab ak yon envestisman minimòm nan tè. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://ecosikh.org/about/contact/team-members/|title=Our Team Members - Our USA Board Members|date=14 December 2020|website=EcoSikh|access-date=11 July 2024}}</ref> EcoSikh kenbe pwòp pepinyè plant li nan Sajjan Precision Castings, Sahnewal, Punjab, [[End|peyi Zend]]. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://ecosikh.org/about/contact/team-members/|title=Our Team Members - Our USA Board Members|date=14 December 2020|website=EcoSikh|access-date=11 July 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ecosikh.org/about/contact/team-members/ "Our Team Members - Our USA Board Members"]. ''EcoSikh''. 14 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Nan mwa janvye 2024, yo te onore EcoSikh nan kategori 'Sikh nan Charite' nan 12yèm Sikh Awards yo, ki te fèt nan Bel La monde Hotel nan New Delhi. EcoSikh te pran angajman pou plante 1 milyon pyebwa anvan 2025. <ref name=":9" /> Kounye a, EcoSikh ap opere nan senk peyi. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://ecosikh.org/about/contact/team-members/|title=Our Team Members - Our USA Board Members|date=14 December 2020|website=EcoSikh|access-date=11 July 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ecosikh.org/about/contact/team-members/ "Our Team Members - Our USA Board Members"]. ''EcoSikh''. 14 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> EcoSikh te resevwa envitasyon nan men Mezon Blanch lan, Vatikan an, Nasyonzini yo, ak anpil lòt platfòm entènasyonal. ==== Jounen Anviwònman Sikh la ==== [[Fichye:EcoSikh_Sikh_Environment_Day2012-Gurdwara_Ameerpet_Hyderabad(5).jpg|vignette|Evènman EcoSikh nan Jounen Anviwònman Sikh 2012 nan Gurdwara Ameerpet nan Hyderabad. Kongregasyon lokal la te pote plant dekoratif nan lokal gurdwara a.]] Nan 2011, EcoSikh te etabli selebrasyon Jounen Anviwònman Sikh, ke yo rekonèt nan Punjabi kòm 'Sikh Vatavaran Divas' ( Punjabi ). Yo te chwazi 14 mas la pou selebre Jounen Anviwònman Sikh la paske se te dat anivèsè ''[[Guru Gaddi|gurgaddi]]'' Guru Har Rai a (monte nan pozisyon guru). <ref name=":0" /> An 2013, prezidan EcoSikh la te dekri Guru Har Rai kòm "guru vèt la", li te mete aksan sou lyen sere guru Sikh la ak lanati, nan yon deklarasyon pou laprès. <ref name=":0" /> Anpil gurdwara enpòtan te adopte Jounen Anviwònman Sikh la, tankou Takht Hazur Sahib, youn nan {{Lang|pa-Latn|[[Panj Takht]]}} yo., nan Nanded . <ref name=":0" /> Li te adopte tou pami gurdwara Sikh dyasporik yo, tankou sa yo ki sitiye nan [[Pittsburgh, Pennsilvani|Pittsburgh]] ak Singapore . <ref name=":0" /> An 2013, lidè tout senk {{Lang|pa-Latn|takht}} yo Pati Sikh yo te ofisyèlman apwouve Jounen Anviwònman Sikh la. <ref name=":0" /> ''Jathedar'' Takht Hazur Sahib la te ankouraje aktivite plante pyebwa pou yo te fèt nan Jounen Anviwònman Sikh la. <ref name=":0" /> ==== Forè Sakre [[Guru Nanak]] yo ==== EcoSikh te plante anpil "mini-forè", ki konpoze de espès plant natif natal, nan eta Punjab, nan peyi Zend, lè l sèvi avèk metodoloji Miyawaki Japonè a, ke yo rele 'Forè Sakre Guru Nanak'. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|title=EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district|last=Zutshi|first=Minna|date=25 October 2020|website=The Tribune, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|archive-date=1 May 2023|access-date=1 May 2023}}</ref> Misyon Forè Sakre Guru Nanak la te lanse an 2019 an kolaborasyon avèk ''Afforestt'' pou koresponn ak selebrasyon 550yèm nesans Guru Nanak. <ref name=":0" /> Objektif final misyon an se plante yon milyon pyebwa lè l sèvi avèk metòd Akira Miyawaki te envante yo. <ref name=":0" /> An brèf, metòd la distenge de metòd plante pyebwa konvansyonèl yo paske plantasyon Miyakawi a gen yon distans pi piti ant ti plant yo plante yo, sa ki pèmèt forè a matirite pi vit. <ref name=":0" /> EcoSikh deklare ke Forè Sakre Guru Nanak li yo gen 30 fwa plis dansite, yo gen yon to kwasans 10 fwa pi wo, yo gen 100 fwa plis divèsite byolojik, yo pa koute chè, yo fasil pou kenbe, epi yo pa itilize pestisid chimik. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|title=EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district|last=Zutshi|first=Minna|date=25 October 2020|website=The Tribune, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|archive-date=1 May 2023|access-date=1 May 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFZutshi2020">Zutshi, Minna (25 October 2020). [https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 "EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district"]. ''The Tribune, India''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 Archived] from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Manadjè pwojè EcoSikh pou Azi di Sid, Ravneet Singh, eksplike ke metòd Miyawaki a ede fè forè dans ak natif natal grandi atravè plantasyon plizyè douzèn espès natif natal nan menm vwazinaj la, apre sa forè a vin pa bezwen antretyen apre yon peryòd twa zan. <ref name=":1" /> Forè yo bay abita pou bèt sovaj epi ede amelyore kalite tè nan zòn nan. <ref name=":1" /> Tè forè yo kouvri ak payaj pou amelyore mikwo-òganis ak ti bèt ki abite nan tè a epi li ede reglemante tanperati tè a. <ref name=":1" /> EcoSikh kwè chak moso tè gen potansyèl pou transfòme an yon forè. <ref name=":1" /> Men etap pou etabli yon Forè Sakre Guru Nanak: <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|title=EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district|last=Zutshi|first=Minna|date=25 October 2020|website=The Tribune, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|archive-date=1 May 2023|access-date=1 May 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFZutshi2020">Zutshi, Minna (25 October 2020). [https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 "EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district"]. ''The Tribune, India''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 Archived] from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> * Chwazi yon teren klotire ki apwopriye pou plantasyon, epi ki gen espas anba tè ak anlè tè. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|title=EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district|last=Zutshi|first=Minna|date=25 October 2020|website=The Tribune, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|archive-date=1 May 2023|access-date=1 May 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFZutshi2020">Zutshi, Minna (25 October 2020). [https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 "EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district"]. ''The Tribune, India''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 Archived] from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> * Teste tè a pou wè kapasite li genyen pou kenbe dlo, pèforasyon ak kontni òganik li. <ref name=":1" /> * Yo chwazi epi melanje byomas ki nesesè a pou estabilize tout egzijans ki anwo yo. <ref name=":1" /> * Yo prepare kabann forè a ak anpil atansyon, sa gen ladan l nivelman tè a. <ref name=":1" /> * Yo antreprann kantifikasyon ak akizisyon espès endijèn nan zòn lokal la. <ref name=":1" /> * Espès natif natal yo distribye epi plante selon yon estrikti an kouch dapre metòd Miyawaki a. <ref name=":1" /> Distri Ludhiana a gen yon gwo kantite pwojè forè sakre sa yo, malgre gwo enkyetid anviwònman ki gen rapò ak polisyon nan distri a. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|title=EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district|last=Zutshi|first=Minna|date=25 October 2020|website=The Tribune, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|archive-date=1 May 2023|access-date=1 May 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFZutshi2020">Zutshi, Minna (25 October 2020). [https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 "EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district"]. ''The Tribune, India''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 Archived] from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Nan yon zòn endistriyèl ki ba nan vil Ludhiana, EcoSikh deklare ke menm apre evènman anba dlo ak debòdman lwil oliv, 80% nan pyebwa forè li te plante yo te siviv ensidan negatif anviwònman sa yo, sa ki montre rezistans forè yo. <ref name=":1" /> An 2020, yo te plante prèske yon santèn Forè Sakre Guru Nanak nan Punjab. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|title=EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district|last=Zutshi|first=Minna|date=25 October 2020|website=The Tribune, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221|archive-date=1 May 2023|access-date=1 May 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFZutshi2020">Zutshi, Minna (25 October 2020). [https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 "EcoSikh's Guru Nanak Sacred Forests: A reason to cheer for Ludhiana district"]. ''The Tribune, India''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191348/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/ecosikhs-guru-nanak-sacred-forests-a-reason-to-cheer-for-ludhiana-district-161221 Archived] from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Rive nan lane 2021, EcoSikh te etabli plis pase twasan Forè Sakre Guru Nanak, sitou nan Punjab. Mini-forè sa yo se kay pou 150,000 espès flò endijèn, ki bay abita pou espès ensèk ak zwazo. <ref name=":0" /> Gen kèk nan Forè Sakre Guru Nanak yo ki sitiye nan zòn iben, yo pretann yo ede amelyore kalite lè nan zòn nan ak retabli byodiversite. <ref name=":0" /> Rive nan lane 2024, EcoSikh te plante plis pase 850 forè nan Punjab. Nan fen mwa mas 2026 la, EcoSikh te fin plante 1580 forè nan plizyè eta nan peyi Zend <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ecosikh.org/guru-nanak-sacred-forest/#:~:text=1580%2B%20micro%20forests%20comprising%20of%209%2C00%2C000%C2%A0thriving%20native%20trees%20have%20been%20planted%20in%20Punjab%2CHImachal%2C%20Rajasthan%2C%20Gujarat%2C%20Maharashtra%2C%20Delhi%2C%20Chandigarh%2C%20Jammu%20and%20Kashmir.|title=Guru Nanak Sacred Forest|last=Pavneet|first=Singh|website=Ecosikh.org|access-date=}}</ref> ==== Guru Granth Sahib Bagh ==== ''Guru Granth Sahib Bagh'' la se yon inisyativ EcoSikh, k ap travay an kolaborasyon avèk PETALS, konsènan etablisman ak antretyen yon jaden toupre tanp istorik Sikh la, Gurusar Sahib, ki sitiye nan distri Moga . Jaden an te inogire an septanm 2021 epi li gen tout senkantwit espès plant ki mansyone pa non nan im Guru Granth Sahib yo. <ref name=":0" /> Chak plant akonpaye pa yon wòch ak yon gravur ki gen ekstrè ki enpòtan nan ekriti Sikh la ki mansyone espès la. <ref name=":0" /> ==== Naulakha Bagh ==== Yo kwè yon jaden tradisyonèl Sikh ki sitiye nan Kiratpur, ke yo rekonèt kòm Naulakha Bagh, te fonde epi pran swen pa Guru Har Rai pandan peryòd guru li a. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://ecosikh.org/sikhs-reviving-historical-naulakha-bagh-of-guru-har-rai-on-his-383rd-birth-anniversary/|title=Sikhs Reviving Historical Naulakha Bagh of Guru Har Rai on His 383rd Birth Anniversary|date=31 January 2013|website=EcoSikh|access-date=7 July 2024}}</ref> EcoSikh te patisipe nan yon pwojè pou restore jaden sa a. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":3" /> EcoSikh ap kowòdone avèk lòt òganizasyon Sikh, tankou Shree Ganga Nursery, Shree Ganga Nursery Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC), ak Nishan-e-Sikhi. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":3" /> Pwojè a gen pou objaktif pou mete aksan sou plant medsinal yo, ki pral ede reviv konesans medsinal tradisyonèl natif natal yo. <ref name=":0" /> ==== Ek Bageecha ==== EcoSikh te mete ansanm yon antoloji sou entènèt ki rele '''Eak Bageecha''' (ki vle di “yon sèl jaden”), ki rasanble konpozisyon “gurbani vèt” sou tèm anviwònman an jan yo parèt nan ekriti Sikhism yo. Tit la soti nan yon konpozisyon Guru Arjan, kote guru a prezante kòm yon jardinye k ap pran swen yon jaden espirityèl ki gen ''Naam''. Imaj sa a sèvi kòm yon modèl pou moun, pou yo rekonèt prezans diven an nan tout bagay epi pou yo pran swen kreyasyon an. Antoloji a rasanble tèks ki fè lwanj bote lanati epi ki montre kijan divinite a ka manifeste nan tout ekosistèm Latè a—soti nan oseyan rive nan dezè.   == Moun ki se aktif ak sa yo == * Rajwant Singh – Fondatè ak Prezidan Mondyal <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://ecosikh.org/about/contact/team-members/|title=Our Team Members - Our USA Board Members|date=14 December 2020|website=EcoSikh|access-date=11 July 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ecosikh.org/about/contact/team-members/ "Our Team Members - Our USA Board Members"]. ''EcoSikh''. 14 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> * Gunpreet Singh – Prezidan <ref name=":8" /> * Rasna Kaur – Direktè Egzekitif <ref name=":8" /> * Inderpreet Singh – Direktè Egzekitif <ref name=":8" /> * Manpreet Singh – Sekretè <ref name=":8" /> * Bhavdeep Bajaj – Trezorye <ref name=":8" /> * Charan Singh – Konvokatè (Misyon Forè Sakre ak Faun Sakre) <ref name=":8" /> * Siprèt Kaur – Prezidan EcoSikh peyi Zend <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/ecosikh-completes-planting-400-sacred-forests-all-across-globe-sikh-environment-day-2022|title=EcoSikh Completes Planting 400 Sacred Forests all across the globe on Sikh Environment Day 2022|last=Singh|first=Gurjot|date=15 March 2022|website=SikhNet|access-date=11 July 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSingh2022">Singh, Gurjot (15 March 2022). [https://www.sikhnet.com/news/ecosikh-completes-planting-400-sacred-forests-all-across-globe-sikh-environment-day-2022 "EcoSikh Completes Planting 400 Sacred Forests all across the globe on Sikh Environment Day 2022"]. ''SikhNet''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> * Pavneet Singh – Chèf Operasyon (End) <ref name=":7" /> == Relasyon ak prensip Sikh ''Sevā'' a == '''Sevā''' se youn nan poto prensipal nan Sikhi. Li vle di sèvis dezenterese ansanm ak yon sans devwa sivik, ni nan kominote a ni nan sosyete an jeneral. Nan sikhi, Sevā defini kòm sèvis volontè ki fèt san atann okenn rekonpans, men pito pou byennèt lòt moun. Gen plizyè fòm Sevā: sèvis atravè kò yon moun (''tan''), atravè lespri li (''man''), ak atravè richès li (''dan''). Menm si tout fòm sa yo gen menm enpòtans, Sikh Gurus yo mete aksan sou ke tout Sevā dwe fèt san dezi pèsonèl (''nishkam''), san okenn move entansyon (''nishkapat''), epi avèk imilite (''nimarta''). EcoSikh fè konnen byen klè ke yo wè travay yo kòm yon fòm sevā. <ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://ecosikh.org/sikh-statement-on-climate-change/,%20https://ecosikh.org/sikh-statement-on-climate-change/|title=Sikh Statement on Climate Change - EcoSikh|date=2019-09-18|language=en-US|access-date=2025-07-09}}</ref> ''Sevā'' ka fèt lè yo diminye anprint kabòn, resikle, envesti nan enèji renouvlab, epi pran konsyans de kote manje a soti. <ref name=":11" /> == Chapti entènasyonal yo == * EkoSikh peyi Zend * EkoSikh Etazini * EkoSikh Kanada * EkoSikh Wayòm Ini * EkoSikh Iland {{Referans}} jhzsex7fxximly34cnlc6s6h97l27ho 0 97436 881109 2026-04-20T02:46:53Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343758374|Gurdwara Chowa Sahib]] » 881109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Referans}} '''Gurdwara Chowa Sahib''' ( Urdu ; ''literalman: "Gurudwara sous dlo ki anlè a"'' ) se yon gurdwara renove ki sitiye nan kwen nò Fò Rohtas la, toupre Jhelum, [[Pakistan]] . Sitiye toupre pòtay ''Talaqi'' fò a, gurdwara a komemore sit kote yo kwè [[Guru Nanak]] te kreye yon sous dlo pandan youn nan vwayaj li yo ke yo rekonèt kòm ''udasi'' . Men, parkash Guru Granth Sahib la pa la. == Istwa == Premye estrikti komemoratif la te bati pa Charat Singh, ki te enstale yon pisin ''sarovar'', ak yon zòn pou resite Guru Granth Sahib la. Bilding aktyèl la date depi 1834, epi li te kòmande pa Maharaja Ranjit Singh . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutsikhs.com/gurudwaras-in-pakistan/gurudwara-chowa-sahib-at-rohtas-distt-jhelum|title=Gurudwara Chowa Sahib at Rohtas District Jhelum|date=27 January 2014|website=All About Sikhs|access-date=26 May 2017}}</ref> Jeneral Ranjit Singh la, Gurmukhi Singh Lamba, te jwe yon wòl enpòtan nan antretyen gurdwara a. Apre Ranjit Singh te pran kontwòl Punjab, Gurmukh Singh Lamba te sezi Rohtas Fort nan men chèf Gakhar la, Raja Noor Khan, pitit Raja Fazaldad Khan, an 1825. Akoz rivalite ant frè enpòtan yo, Gulab Singh ak Dhian Singh, ki te gen gwo enfliyans sou Maharaja a, yo te remèt fò a bay Mohar Singh. Sepandan, lè Mohar Singh te pran retrèt li nan Varanasi kont volonte Maharaja a, yo te mete fò a ansanm ak yon kontenjan anviwon 700 kavalye anba kòmandman Gurmukh Singh Lamba. Sitiyasyon sa a te fè manda li vin pi long, epi se konsa Maharaja a te bay li tinon '''“Lamba Sardar.”''' == Enpòtans == Sikh yo kwè ke [[Guru Nanak]] ak Bhai Mardana t ap vwayaje nan rejyon an pandan katriyèm vwayaj Guru Nanak la - ke yo rekonèt kòm ''udasis'' . Yo toulede t ap vwayaje pandan ete a, epi yo te rive nan sit la apre yon sejou 40 jou nan tanp Tilla Jogian ki toupre yo. Bhai Mardana te eksprime swaf li pandan l t ap plenyen ke dlo te ra nan rejyon an pandan epòk sa a nan ane a. Yo di ke Guru Nanak te frape tè a ak baton li epi li te deplase yon wòch, konsa li te revele yon sous natirèl. Tradisyon Sikh yo di ke Sher Shah Suri te eseye deplase sous dlo a monte ti mòn nan pou itilize li kòm yon sous dlo pou nouvo Fò Rohtas ki te fèk konstwi a. Enjenyè wa a te eseye fè sa twa fwa, men yo te echwe chak fwa. == Konsèvasyon == [[Fichye:Rohtas_13_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg|vignette|Gurdwara a nan lane 2007, anvan travay restorasyon yo.]] Tanp lan kanpe nan pye yon ti mòn kote Fò Rohtas la, yon [[Patrimwàn mond lan|sit Patrimwàn Mondyal UNESCO]], sitiye. An 2020, Ranjit Nagara te pran responsablite pou renove ak reyabilite gurdwara a. Pwojè a ap avanse gras ak finansman entènasyonal ak kolaborasyon yon ekip miltikiltirèl, ak objektif pou retabli aparans ak fonksyon orijinal li pandan yo ajoute kèk nouvo enstalasyon tou == Gade tou == * Sikhi * Mandir Kala Dhari 01mtkl998qp91agmebg8mohu0ekolbo 0 97437 881110 2026-04-20T03:01:28Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349397628|Panj Pyare]] » 881110 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:Panj_Pyare,_leading_a_procession.jpg|vignette|''Panj Pyare'' k ap dirije yon pwosesyon nan Wolverhampton, Wayòm Ini.]]   '''Panj Pyare''' ( Punjabi , ''Pañj Piārē'', '''senk moun byenneme yo''' ) refere a yon gwoup senk Sikh Khalsa batize ( ''Amritdhari'' ) ki reyini ad hoc epi ki aji kòm lidè enstitisyonèl pou kominote Sikh la an jeneral. == Fonksyon == Yo reyini Panj Pyare yo pou zafè ijan nan kominote Sikh la, yo kouvri tou de pwoblèm lokal ak entènasyonal yo. Manm konstitiyan yon senkant Panj Piare yo chwazi sou baz meritokratik . <ref name=":3" /> === Seremoni === Yo responsab pou dirije yon pwosesyon Nagar Kirtan . Panj Pyare yo responsab tou pou fè seremoni ''Amrit Sanchar'' pou batize nouvo manm nan lòd Khalsa Sikhism nan. Jiska Vaisakhi nan ane 1699 AD a, seremoni inisyasyon Sikh la te konnen kòm ''Charan Pahul'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/charan-pahul|title=Charan pāhul {{!}} The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2022-09-24|quote=Charan pāhul (Pañjābī, ‘foot-initiation’). Hindu initiation ritual continued by Sikh Gurūs. Gurū Gobind Siṅgh replaced charan pāhul with khaṇḍe-dī-pāhul, initiation with the khaṇḍā on Baisākhī day 1699.}}</ref> Yo responsab pou poze premye wòch gurdwara ki fèk konstwi yo. == Itilizasyon istorik == Nan yon sans istorik, yo itilize tèm nan pou fè referans a yon non kolektif yo te bay senk mesye − Bhai Daya Singh, [[Dharam Singh (Sikhi)|Bhai Dharam Singh]], [[Himmat Singh (Sikhi)|Bhai Himmat Singh]], Bhai Mohkam Singh ak Bhai Sahib Singh – pa dizyèm gourou Sikh la, [[Guru Gobind Singh|Guru Gobind Singh,]] pandan asanble istorik ak monimantal la nan Anandpur Sahib nan rejyon Punjab nan peyi Zend nan dat 30 mas 1699. (Kalandriye gregoryen an te sote 11 jou an 1752. Kidonk, kounye a, Vaisakhi rive toupre 13 avril chak ane.) Gwoup inogirasyon ''Panj Piare'' a te fòme nwayo Khalsa a: senk premye moun ki te resevwa inisyasyon Khanda di Pahul ak rit (batèm) nepe de bò a. Yo te premye Panj Pyare a. Sepandan, tèm nan pa limite sèlman a gwoup inogirasyon sa a. Apre yo, nenpòt gwoup senk Sikh batize yo rele tou Panj Pyare. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/panj-pyare|title=Pañj pyāre {{!}} The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2022-09-23|quote=Pañj pyāre (Pañjābī, ‘five beloved ones’). 1. Five men who volunteered their heads for Gurū Gobind Siṅgh on Baisākhī 1699. All were renamed Siṅgh. They subsequently fought bravely for the Gurū. The pañj pyāre are remembered daily in Ardās, and a portion of kaṛāh praśād is taken out in their memory before general distribution. 2. Five baptized Sikhs who administer khaṇḍe-di-pahul. They are normally men and must be amritdhārī, physically whole, and known to observe the Sikh code of conduct (rahit). 3. The central and final authority for all Sikhs, located at Amritsar.}}</ref> Pandan Dezyèm Batay Chamkaur la, se te yon konsèy Panj Piare ki te bay Guru Gobind Singh lòd pou l kite chan batay la pou l te ka prezève lavi l epi kontinye dirije Sikh yo, yon lòd Guru a te obeyi. [[Fichye:Binod_Singh,_Kahan_Singh,_Baj_Singh,_Daya_Singh,_and_Ram_Singh_depicted_as_a_Panj_Piare_group_from_a_gilded_panel_from_Takht_Hazur_Sahib,_Nanded.jpeg|vignette|Binod Singh, Kahan Singh, Baj Singh, Daya Singh, ak Ram Singh reprezante kòm yon gwoup Panj Piare nan yon panèl dore ki soti nan Takht Hazur Sahib, Nanded.]] Apre fòmasyon enstitisyon Panj Piare a an 1699, Guru Gobind Singh te nonmen senk Sikh nan Nanded pou akonpaye Madho Das (ke yo konnen popilèman kòm [[Banda Singh Bahadur|Banda Bairagi]] ) nan misyon li nan direksyon nò pou konkeri Sirhind an 1708. Non senk Panj Piare sa yo se te: Binod Singh, Kahan Singh, Baj Singh, Daya Singh, ak Ram Singh. <ref name=":6" /> Guru Gobind Singh te mande Banda pou l obeyi konsèy Panj Piare a, men kòm pa gen okenn istwa sou lavi Banda ki mansyone enstitisyon Panj Piare a apa de sa, yo kwè li pa t swiv kòmandman yo nèt epi li te pèdi chemen l. == Istorik == [[Guru Nanak]] te òganize disip li yo an ''sangat'', epi yon reyinyon ant de Sikh te vin rele ''sadh sangat'' . Yon rasanbleman senk Sikh te vin konnen kòm ''panj parmeshar'' . Lide senk moun byenneme yo te egziste anvan Guru Gobind Singh te ofisyèlize Khalsa Panth an 1699.   [[Fichye:Mural_of_Guru_Hargobind_(with_Bhai_Lakhu,_Bhai_Tiloka,_Bhai_Jetha,_Bhai_Bidhi_Chand,_and_Baba_Buddha)_from_an_unidentified_Samadhi_located_near_Gurdwara_Bhai_Than_Singh_at_Kot_Fateh_Khan,_Attock,_Punjab.jpg|vignette|Mural nan Guru Hargobind, ak Bhai Lakhu, Bhai Tiloka, Bhai Jetha, Bhai Bidhi Chand, ak Baba Bouda, ki soti nan yon Samadhi idantifye ki sitiye tou pre Gurdwara Bhai Than Singh nan Kot Fateh Khan, Attock, Punjab.]] Pandan tout listwa Sikh, te gen senk moun byenneme pandan diferan peryòd [[Guru Gaddi|guruaj]] . Men kèk egzanp pou kèk nan yo: * Guru Nanak: Senk moun li renmen yo te Bhai Mardana, Bhai Bala, Bhai Ajita, Bhai Lalo, ak Bhai Lehna (pita siksesè). <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhnet.com/news/beloved-five|title=The Beloved Five|last=Grewal|first=Dalvindar Singh|date=14 June 2010|website=SikhNet|language=en|access-date=2023-05-12}}</ref> * Guru Angad: Senk moun li renmen yo te Baba Bouda, Paro Julka, Amar Das (pitita siksesè), Paida, ak Sadharn. <ref name=":5" /> * Guru Amar Das: Senk moun li renmen yo te Baba Bouda, Paro, Malhan, Balu, ak Jetha (pita siksesè). <ref name=":5" /> * Guru Ram Das: Senk moun li renmen yo te Baba Bouda, Bidhi Chand, Teeratha, Dharam, ak Guria. <ref name=":5" /> * Guru Arjan: Senk moun li renmen yo te Bidhi Chand, Bhai Jetha, Bhai Langah, Bhai Pirana, ak Bhai Pera. * Guru Hargobind: Senk moun li renmen yo te Bhai Gurdas, Bidhi Chand, Behlo, Kalayana, ak Bhallan. <ref name=":5" /> * Guru Har Rai: Senk moun li renmen yo te Bhai Suthra, Feru, Dargah, Bhana, ak Bhagta. <ref name=":5" /> * Guru Har Krishan: Senk moun li renmen yo te Bhai Dargah, Gurbakhsh, Baba Gurditta, [ nòt 1 ] Sant Ram, ak Gurdas. <ref name=":5" /> * Guru Tegh Bahadur: Senk moun li renmen yo te Dewan Mati Dasa, Gurdita, [ nòt 2 ] Bhai Dayala, Bhai Ude, ak Bhai Jaita (pita te batize kòm Jiwan Singh). <ref name=":1" /> * Guru Gobind Singh: Senk moun li te renmen yo te gwoup orijinal/premye Panj Piare a jan yo te deja site l nan atik la. <ref name=":1" /> == Etablisman == [[Fichye:Fresco_depicting_the_birth_of_the_Khalsa_Panth_on_the_occasion_of_Vaisakhi_in_Anandpur,_1699.jpg|vignette|Fresk ki soti nan Gurdwara Baba Bakala ki dekri nesans Khalsa Panth nan okazyon Vaisakhi nan Anandpur, 1699.]] Guru Gobind Rai te gen 33 an lè li te resevwa enspirasyon diven pou l mete plan l yo an pratik epi kreye yon eritaj ki p'ap janm fini. Chak ane, nan moman Baisakhi (prentan), plizyè milye fidèl te konn vin Anandpur pou rann yo omaj epi chèche benediksyon Guru a. Nan kòmansman 1699, kèk mwa anvan jou Baisakhi a, Guru Gobind Rai te voye dekrè espesyal bay moun ki te nan kongregasyon an toupatou. Nan ane sa a, Baisakhi a t apral yon evènman inik. Li te mande yo pou yo pa koupe cheve yo—pou yo vini ak cheve ki pa koupe anba turban ak chuni yo, epi pou mesye yo vini ak bab byen long. Nan jou Baisakhi a, 30 mas 1699, plizyè santèn milye moun te rasanble bò kote chèz tanporèl diven li a nan Anandpur Sahib . Guru a te pale ak moun ki te nan legliz yo avèk yon diskou ki te trè touchant sou misyon diven li pou retabli lafwa yo epi prezève relijyon Sikh la. Apre diskou enspirasyonèl li a, li te montre nepe li ki pa fouwo a epi li te di ke chak gwo aksyon te vin anvan yon sakrifis ki te egalman gwo: Li te mande yon tèt pou ofrann. "Mwen bezwen yon tèt", li te deklare. Apre yon ti enkyetid, yon moun te ofri tèt li. Guru a te mennen l andedan yon tant. Yon ti tan apre, li te reaparèt ak nepe li ki te koule san, epi li te mande yon lòt tèt. Youn pa youn, kat lòt fidèl sensè te ofri tèt yo. Chak fwa Guru a te mennen yon moun andedan tant lan, li te soti ak yon nepe ki te kouvri ak san nan men l. Yo te panse Guru yo te vin fou, epi yo te kòmanse gaye. Apre sa, Guru a te parèt ak senk mesye yo abiye ak rad safran (bana) ak yon tiban ble. Li te batize senk mesye yo nan yon seremoni nouvo ak inik yo rele pahul, sa Sikh yo konnen jodi a kòm seremoni batèm yo rele Amrit. Apre sa, Guru a te mande senk Sikh batize sa yo pou batize l tou. Se konsa li te vin konnen kòm Guru Chela, alafwa pwofesè ak elèv. Li te pwoklame apre sa ke Panj Pyare yo—Senk Moun Byeneme yo—t ap reprezante Guru a li menm: "Kote Panj Pyare ye, se la mwen ye. Lè Senk yo rankontre, yo se moun ki pi sen yo." Li te di chak fwa ak nenpòt kote senk Sikh batize (Amritdhari) reyini ansanm, Guru a ap prezan. Tout moun ki resevwa Amrit nan men senk Sikh batize yo ap resevwa lespri kouraj ak fòs pou yo sakrifye. Se konsa, avèk prensip sa yo, li te etabli Khalsa Panth, Lòd Moun Pi yo. === Idantite inik === An menm tan, Guru a te bay nouvo '''Khalsa''' li a yon idantite inik, endiskutab, ak distenk. Guru a te ba li kado bana, rad ak chapo Sikh ki distenk. Li te ofri tou senk anblèm pite ak kouraj. Senbòl sa yo, ke tout Sikh batize, ni sèks ni gason, mete, yo konnen jodi a kòm Senk K : * Kesh, cheve ki pa koupe sa a se yon kado Bondye bay; * Kangha, peny an bwa a, ki kenbe cheve Sikh yo neye, ki montre ke Bondye kenbe cheve yo neye nan lavi yon moun; * [[Kara (Sikhi)|Kara]], braslè fè (oswa asye) a, ki pa gen ni kòmansman ni fen, ki montre ke Bondye pa gen ni kòmansman ni fen; * Kirpan, nepe a, yo te itilize sèlman pou defann lòt moun ki pi fèb pase moun ki pote l la; epi * Kashera, kilòt Sik yo mete nan batay pou yo ka deplase lib. Lè yo te idantifyab, okenn Sikh pa t ap ka janm kache dèyè lachte ankò. Tirani politik ak britalite kèk dirijan nan epòk la pa t sèl bagay ki t ap kraze moral pèp la; sistèm kas diskriminatwa nan peyi Zend te jwe yon gwo wòl tou nan fè moun santi yo degrade. Guru Gobind Singh te vize elimine enjistis sa yo. Kreyasyon '''Panj Pyare''' yo te vin yon egzanp vivan vizyon li: moun ki soti nan klas sosyal diferan te ini kòm youn. Nan premye gwoup la, te gen moun ki soti nan divès metye ak kas—tankou yon Khatri komèsan, yon jat kiltivatè, yon Chhimba (tayè/enprimant twal), yon jheewar (moun k ap pote dlo), ak yon Nai (kwafè). Yo te soti tou nan plizyè rejyon lwen youn ak lòt, tankou Lahore, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, ak Karnataka/Odisha, sa ki te montre inite atravè diferans. Guru a te bay chak Sikh non fanmi '''Singh''' (“Lyon”), epi li te pran non sa a pou tèt pa li tou—li te pase soti nan Gobind Rai pou vin Guru Gobind Singh. Menm si li pa t bay yon lòd dirèk pou tout fanm pote non '''Kaur''' (“Prensès”), pratik sa a te vin etabli nan kòmansman 20yèm syèk la epi li kontinye jiska jodi a. Tèks ansyen yo montre ke non '''Devi''' te konn itilize tou, espesyalman nan ka Mata Sahib Kaur. Avèk idantite Khalsa a ki vin pi klè ak konsyans sou pite espirityèl, Guru Gobind Singh te bay tout Sikh yo chans pou yo viv yon lavi ki baze sou kouraj, sakrifis, ak egalite. [[Fichye:Mural_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh_being_attended_by_the_inaugural_quintet_of_Panj_Piare_(Daya_Singh,_Dharam_Singh,_Sahib_Singh,_Mohkam_Singh,_Himmat_Singh)_from_a_Sikh_Samadhi_at_Kot_Fateh_Khan.jpg|vignette|Deskripsyon fresko Guru Gobind Singh ak senkant inogirasyon Panj Pyare ki soti nan yon samadhi Sikh abandone nan Kot Fateh Khan, Attock, Punjab, Pakistan.]] Sikh yo selebre nesans Khalsa a chak jou Baisakhi, 13 avril. {| class="wikitable" |+Gwoup inogirasyon Panj Pyare a ! Non ! Nesans - Lanmò ! Relijyon ! Kote nesans |- | Bhai Daya Singh | 1661–1708 | Sikh | [[Lawo|Lahore]] |- | [[Dharam Singh (Sikhi)|Bhai Dharam Singh]] | 1666–1708 | Sikh <ref name=":0" /> | Hastinapur |- | [[Himmat Singh (Sikhi)|Bhai Himmat Singh]] | 1661–1705 | Sikh <ref name=":0" /> | Puri |- | Bhai Mohkam Singh | 1663–1705 | Sikh <ref name=":0" /> | Pari Dwarka |- | Bhai Sahib Singh | 1662–1705 | Sikh <ref name=":0" /> | Bidar |} === ''Panj Mukte'' === Apre senk premye moun ki te inisye nan lòd Khalsa a, senk lòt yo (sou yon total dis) te rele ''Panj Mukte'' ('senk mati') epi yo te rele yo jan sa a: # Ram Singh # Fateh Singh # Deva Singh [ nòt 3 ] # Ishar Singh # Tahil Singh [ nòt 4 ] === Apre dis premye batèm yo === Dapre ''Guru Kian Sakhian'', apre dis premye moun ki te resevwa batèm yo ( '''Panj Piare''' ak '''Panj Mukte''' ), anviwon 20,000 gason te pare pou antre nan rit inisyasyon an, pandan ke kèk lòt te refize. Pami premye moun ki te resevwa '''Pahul''' apre yo te gen non tankou Mani Ram, Diwan Bachittar Das, Ude Rai, Anik Das, Ajaib Das, Ajaib Chand, Chaupat Rai, Diwan Dharam Chand, Alam Chand Nachna, ak Sahib Ram Koer. Apre sa, lòt moun tankou Rai Chand Multani, Gurbakhsh Rai, Pandit Kirpa Ram Dutt nan Mattan, Subeg Chand, Gurmukh Das, Sanmukh Das, Amrik Chand, Purohit Daya Ram, Ratna, Gani Das, Lal Chand Peshauria, Rup Chand, Sodhi Dip Chand, Nand Dip, Hazari, ansanm ak Bhandari ak Darbari nan Sirhind, te suiv menm chemen an. Dapre tradisyon an, yo di ke jiska 80,000 gason te batize nan premye jou ki te swiv == Sèks == Piske premye gwoup ki te kòmanse enstitisyon Panj Pyare a, e ke Guru Gobind Singh li menm te nonmen, te konpoze sèlman ak gason, anpil Sikh kwè Panj Pyare a ka sèlman konpoze de gason e ke fanm pa ka inisye kòm reprezantan. Sepandan, yo konteste sa kòm yon bagay ki kont kwayans ak pratik Sikh sou egalite sèks yo. <ref name=":4" /> Sèk [[3HO]] Sikh yo pèmèt fanm Sikh batize yo fòme Panj Pyare a. <ref name=":4" /> == Galri == <gallery> Fichye:Panj_Pyare_during_Nagar_Kirtan,_Burj_Bhalaike.jpg|alt=Panj Pyare in Nagar Kirtan, Burj Bhalaike, Punjab, India| Panj Pyare nan Nagar Kirtan, Burj Bhalaike, Punjab, peyi Zend Fichye:Full_view_of_a_fresco_from_the_original_Akal_Takht_building_depicting_preparation_of_Amrit_for_an_Amrit_Sanchar_ceremony_by_Guru_Gobind_Singh_and_Mata_Jito_for_the_Panj_Piare.jpg|alt=Fresco of Guru Gobind Singh, Mata Jito and Panj Pyare| Fresko nan Guru Gobind Singh, Mata Jito ak Panj Pyare </gallery> c9rxx4hghstlpvplaln1sltpd8vfjob 0 97438 881114 2026-04-20T03:43:13Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344548306|Gurdwara Sangat Tola]] » 881114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building|name=Gurdwara Sangat Tola|native_name=গুরুদুয়ারা সঙ্গতটোলা|native_name_lang=Bangla|logo=|logo_size=|logo_alt=|logo_caption=|image=গুরুদুয়ারা সঙ্গতটোলা, প্রবেশদ্বার.jpg|image_size=|image_alt=|image_caption=The door of Gurudwara Sangat Tola|pushpin_map=|pushpin_map_alt=|map_caption=|pushpin_mapsize=|latitude=|longitude=|latd=|latm=|lats=|latNS=|longd=|longm=|longs=|longEW=|pushpin_label=|pushpin_relief=|former_names=|alternate_names=|etymology=|status=|cancelled=|topped_out=|building_type=Temple|architectural_style=Two-storied building|classification=|location=|address=14 Sreesh Das Lane, [[Bangla Bazar]], Dhaka, Bangladesh|location_city=[[Dhaka]]|location_country=[[Bangladesh]]|iso_region=|coordinates_display=|coordinates_format=|coordinates=|altitude=|current_tenants=|namesake=|groundbreaking_date=|construction_start_date=|est_completion=|topped_out_date=|completion_date=c. 1666–1668|opened_date=|inauguration_date=|relocated_date=|renovation_date=|closing_date=|demolished_date=|cost=|ren_cost=|client=|owner=[[Gurdwara Management Committee Bangladesh]]|landlord=|affiliation=|height=|architectural=|tip=|antenna_spire=|roof=|top_floor=|observatory=|diameter=|circumference=|weight=|other_dimensions=|structural_system=|material=|size=|floor_count=|floor_area=|elevator_count=|grounds_area=|architect=|architecture_firm=|developer=|engineer=|structural_engineer=|services_engineer=|civil_engineer=|other_designers=|quantity_surveyor=|main_contractor=|awards=|designations=|known_for=|ren_architect=|ren_firm=|ren_engineer=|ren_str_engineer=|ren_serv_engineer=|ren_civ_engineer=|ren_oth_designers=|ren_qty_surveyor=|ren_contractor=|ren_awards=|seating_type=|seating_capacity=|number_of_rooms=|parking=|url=|embed=|embedded=|references=|footnotes=}}'''Gurdwara Sangat Tola''' se yon tanp Sikh nan [[Daka|Dhaka]], kapital [[Bangladèch]] . Li sitiye nan 14 Sreesh Das Lane, Bangla Bazar nan Dhaka. Yo di Guru Tegh Bahadur te fonde gurdwara a nan fen ane 1660 yo. <ref name="banglapedia2" /> Kounye a, se Komite Jesyon Gurdwara Bangladèch la ki jere li epi li rete nan yon eta neglije ak deperi. == Istwa == [[Fichye:Contemporary_painting_of_Guru_Tegh_Bahadur_by_Ahsan,_ca.1668.jpg|vignette|Penti kontanporen Guru Tegh Bahadur pa Ahsan, anviwon 1668. Li te pentire nan Gurdwara Sangat Tola dapre rechèch Trilochan Singh te fè a.]] Nevyèm gourou Sikh la, Guru Tegh Bahadur, te vin Dhaka soti Assam epi li te rete la ant ane 1666–1668. Li te bati Gurdwara Sangat Tola nan Bangla Bazar pandan sejou li a. <ref name="Banglapedia">{{Cite web|url=http://bn.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96|title=শিখ, বাংলাপিডিয়া}}</ref> <ref name="banglapedia2" /> Okòmansman, yo te konstwi tanp lan kòm yon dharamsaal ki te sitiye nan Tola Mahalla nan ansyen Dhaka. Yon pent ki soti nan tribinal gouvènè Shaista Khan, ki te rele Ahsan, te pentire yon pòtrè Guru a pandan sejou li nan gurdwara sa a. An 1985, yo te transfere yon maniskri Guru Granth Sahib ekri alamen ak ilistrasyon ki te konsève nan sit la bay Guru Nanak Shahi, tou nan Dhaka. == Achitekti == [[Fichye:গুরুদুয়ারা_সঙ্গতটোলা.jpg|vignette|Eksteryè Gurdwara Sangat Tola, Banglabazar, Dhaka, 2017]] Yo estime ke pi ansyen bilding Sangat Tola a pa egziste ankò. Kounye a, se yon bilding de etaj epi li gen yon balkon won ki vizib depi deyò. Siy disk ak nepe yo pentire sou miray la. Anplis eskalye yo, yo ka jwenn yon pati kase nan yon gwo miray ki endike ke te konn gen youn oubyen plizyè chanm nan zòn sa a nan bilding lan. Nan dezyèm etaj la, gen yon chanm lapriyè pou Sikh yo. Liv sakre Sikh yo konsève nan chanm lapriyè a. <ref name="Prothom Alo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/article/1062815/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE|title=অস্তিত্বের সংকটে ৩৫০ বছরের সঙ্গতটোলা গুরুদুয়ারা, প্রথম আলো}}</ref> Epitou, penti Guru Tegh Bahadur yo konsève la. <ref name="Mughal Dhaka">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dhakatimes24.com/2017/07/04/39026/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE|title=মুঘল ঢাকার মন্দির মসজিদ গির্জা}}</ref> == Eta aktyèl la == Tanp ki gen plis pase 350 an an abandone kounye a. Gen kèk moun ki te jwenn yon pati ladan l ilegalman. Kouvèti ki sou mi biwo ki nan premye etaj la pa fonksyone ankò. Mi ki adwat eskalye yo kraze depi plizyè jou. Ansyen bilding sa a pa nan lis dekouvèt akeyolojik yo ni nan okenn lòt lis prezèvasyon. <ref name="Prothom Alo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/article/1062815/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE|title=অস্তিত্বের সংকটে ৩৫০ বছরের সঙ্গতটোলা গুরুদুয়ারা, প্রথম আলো}}</ref> == Jesyon ak aktivite yo == Volontè ki soti nan Gurdwara Nanak Shahi okipe Gurdwara Sangat Tola. Chak jou nan maten, yon granthi dirije lapriyè yo, epi chak samdi gen '''kirtan''', sa vle di chante relijye pou fè lwanj Bondye. An jeneral, senk gurdwara ki nan Bangladesh, pami yo Sangat Tola, jere pa Gurdwara Management Committee Bangladesh, ak sipò kowòdone nan men yon òganizasyon sèvis ki soti nan Punjab nan peyi Zend, ki rele Sampardai Kar Seba. Anplis, yon lòt òganizasyon relijye Sikh nan peyi Zend, Karseba Sarhali, bay finansman pou ede fè gurdwara sa yo fonksyone. <ref name="Prothom Alo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/article/1062815/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE|title=অস্তিত্বের সংকটে ৩৫০ বছরের সঙ্গতটোলা গুরুদুয়ারা, প্রথম আলো}}</ref> == Gade tou == * Sikhi * Sikhi nan peyi Zend * Sikhi nan Pakistan * Sikhi nan Afganistan * Sikhi nan Etazini * Sikhi nan Wayòm Ini a * Sikhi nan Kanada g7hew5w3unf92kkim1trp7b26dy3s5v 0 97439 881115 2026-04-20T04:09:33Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1256455901|Khalsa Mahima]] » 881115 wikitext text/x-wiki    [[Fichye:Beginning_verses_of_the_Khalsa_Mehima_from_a_1878_CE_Sarbloh_Granth_Manuscript.png|vignette|314x314px|Vèsè kòmansman Khalsa Mehima yo soti nan yon maniskri Sarbloh Granth ki soti nan lane 1878.]] '''Khalsa Mahima''' (oswa '''Khalsa Mehma''' ; Punjabi lit. 'Lwanj Khalsa a') se non de konpozisyon ki fè lwanj Khalsa a nan fòm powetik, konpoze pa [[Guru Gobind Singh]], chak prezan nan Dasam Granth ak Sarbloh Granth . == Khalsa Mahima nan Dasam Granth la == Nan Dasam Granth, konpozisyon an prezan nan fen 33 Savaiyes yo epi li swiv nan sekans pa Shastar Naam Mala a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://patshahi10.com/|title=&#124;&#124; PATSHAHI10 &#124;&#124;.ORG|website=&#124;&#124; PATSHAHI10 &#124;&#124;.ORG}}</ref> Li gen kat estwòf pandan ke lòt moun dekri li kòm gen twa estwòf ak yon kouplè ( ''Dohra'' ). <ref name=":12" /> Li se esansyèlman yon deklarasyon Guru a te bay yon Brahmin nan pye tanp Naina Devi a, lè lèt la te fache paske Sikh yo te resevwa lacharite olye ke prèt Brahmin yo apre yon seremoni sakrifis. <ref name=":12" /> Guru a deklare ke Brahmin nan ap resevwa kado men Toupisan an ap pran swen Guru a epi asire siksè li. <ref name=":12" /> Konpozisyon sa a fè lwanj lame Khalsa a. Li te konpoze nan Kapal Mochan apre batay Bhangani, lè Guru Gobind Singh te bay gèrye li yo rad onè epi li te adrese a Mishar, yon entelektyèl Endou. Yo kwè ke konpozisyon an te adrese a Pandit Kesho Dutt, yon entelektyèl Endou, nan fen yon Yagna nan Naina Devi, byenke Yagna a pa trete kòm yon seremoni Sikh. Dezyèm pati konpozisyon sa a resite pami Sikh yo nan Kirtans:<blockquote>ਜੁੱਧ ਜਿਤੇ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੇ ਰਿੇਾਿ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਸੁ ਦਾਨ ਕਰੇ ॥ ਅਘ ਅਉਘ ਟਰੈ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕ੍ਰનਿ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਧਾਮ ਭਰੇ ॥ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਸੁ ਬਿੱਦਿਆ ਲਈ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕનੀ ਕનੀ ਕਿੀ ਸਭ ਸ਼ੱਤ੍ਰੁ ਮਰੇ ॥ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੀ ਕ੍ਰਿਪਾ ਕੇ ਸਜੇ ਹਮ ਹੈਂ ਨਹੀ ਮੋਸ੨ੋਸ੨ੋਸ੨ ਕਰੋਰ ਪਰੇ ॥੨॥</blockquote>Guru Gobind Singh te leve Khalsa a nan menm nivo enpòtans, li menm te fè konnen se gras ak Khalsa li vin sa li ye a. Li te deklare li ta pito bay Khalsa don pase bay brahman endou yo, paske Khalsa a t ap gaye ansèyman '''Gurmat''', ede pòv yo, bay moun ki grangou manje, epi menm achte zam pou konbat enjistis. Vizyon sa a te opoze ak sistèm Varna a, paske li te ensiste ke brahman yo ta dwe pare pou goumen tankou Kshatriya yo, tandiske Kshatriya yo ta dwe aprann epi pataje sajès diven an. Nan sans sa a, Khalsa a te enkòpore tou de wòl sa yo ansanm. Guru Gobind Singh fè li byen klè nan Khalsa Mahima li a ke li konsidere Khalsa yo kòm menm jan avè l.   Kirpa Ram, te youn nan Brahmin sa yo ki te rantre nan Khalsa yo, li te abandone kas li ak Varna epi li te preche Gurmat, li te anseye, li te goumen epi li te mouri matir nan batay Chamkaur la . == Khalsa Mahima nan Sarabloh Granth la == Nan Sarabloh Granth, konpozisyon an prezan sou tit "Bisanupad Dhanuaki Dev Plasi" sou liy 459, ki kòmanse ak ''Khalsa Mero Roop Hai Khaas'' . Anpil moun, tankou Nihang Singh yo, respekte Sarbloh Granth kòm twazyèm prensipal ekriti Khalsa a, men kominote Sikh la an jeneral pa konnen l. Ironikman, konpozisyon Khalsa Mahima ki soti nan Sarbloh Granth la se pwobableman pi byen koni nan de yo. Anpil Sikh pwobableman te tande kantik "Khalsa Mero Roop Hai Khaas" la, yon Shabad ke anpil Ragis te entèprete pandan ane yo. Malgre otantisite Sarabloh Granth la pa sèten, <ref>{{Atik ansiklopedik|title=ਸਰਬਲੋਹ}}</ref> <ref>{{Atik ansiklopedik|title=ਸਰਬਲੋਹ}}</ref> fason li trete Khalsa a tradisyonèlman e filozofikman egzat. Khalsa Akaal Purakh Ki Fauj se fraz Sen-Sòlda yo, komen nan mitan Sikh yo, ke yo souvan resite kòm Khalsa Kaal Purakh Ki Fauj (Paj 531), <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPage.jsp?ID=9210&page=1&CategoryID=1&Searched=|title=Panjab Digital Library - Digitization of Sri Sarbloh Granth Sahib Ji|website=www.panjabdigilib.org|access-date=2022-08-07}}</ref> prezan nan konpozisyon sa a. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedya:Verifyabilite|<span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (January 2018)">sous pibliye pa li menm</span>]]''</sup> Yo rele im sa a tou Khalsa da Martaba. Yo konsidere l tou kòm yon im Vaisakhi.{{Referans}} 22rfwe4ia52aw8mxjk42kw7r4ymt58y 0 97440 881116 2026-04-20T04:29:16Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348127485|Battle of Anandpur (1685)]] » 881116 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Batay Anandpur (1685)''' la te fèt ant Sikh yo ak yon fòs alye rajas ki soti nan Eta Mòn yo nan chèn mòn Sivalik la, espesyalman Kahlur, Kangra, ak Guler . == Istorik == Raja Bhim Chand te objeksyon avè anpil fòs pou Guru a bat yon tanbou ''nagara'', paske se te yon aksyon sèlman wa souveren yo te konn fè, sa ki se youn nan rezon konfli a. Yon lòt rezon se lefèt ke Guru a te refize prete yon elefan, yo te rele Prasadi, bay Bhim Chand, paske Guru a te panse wa an t ap eseye pran bèt la e pa janm retounen l. == Batay == Alye Eta Hill yo te atake Anandpur nan kòmansman pati 1685 men yo te repouse moun sa yo. == Konsekans == Guru a te kite Anandpur pou Paonta Sahib nan menm ane a nan mwa avril oswa me sou envitasyon Raja Medni Prakash nan Eta Nahan . Youn nan rezon ki fè Guru a te kite Anandpur se akòz ostilite li te rankontre ak wa mòn yo. == Gade tou == * Nihang * Mati ak Sikhism {{Referans}} 1qq93jlgahy8rhsujv0pbo75v1u1jmu 881117 881116 2026-04-20T04:29:46Z 1104s72 38991 881117 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Batay Anandpur (1685)''' la te fèt ant [[Sikhi|Sikh]] yo ak yon fòs alye rajas ki soti nan Eta Mòn yo nan chèn mòn Sivalik la, espesyalman Kahlur, Kangra, ak Guler . == Istorik == Raja Bhim Chand te objeksyon avè anpil fòs pou Guru a bat yon tanbou ''nagara'', paske se te yon aksyon sèlman wa souveren yo te konn fè, sa ki se youn nan rezon konfli a. Yon lòt rezon se lefèt ke Guru a te refize prete yon elefan, yo te rele Prasadi, bay Bhim Chand, paske Guru a te panse wa an t ap eseye pran bèt la e pa janm retounen l. == Batay == Alye Eta Hill yo te atake Anandpur nan kòmansman pati 1685 men yo te repouse moun sa yo. == Konsekans == Guru a te kite Anandpur pou Paonta Sahib nan menm ane a nan mwa avril oswa me sou envitasyon Raja Medni Prakash nan Eta Nahan . Youn nan rezon ki fè Guru a te kite Anandpur se akòz ostilite li te rankontre ak wa mòn yo. == Gade tou == * Nihang * Mati ak Sikhism {{Referans}} crl60109qp49rrw1ycd1j8a7i5lrapy 0 97441 881119 2026-04-20T04:48:04Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1312728789|Gauri (raga)]] » 881119 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Gauri''' se yon raga mizikal Zendyen ki se nan tradisyon Sikh ki soti nan nò [[End|peyi Zend]] epi ki fè pati teks sakre Sikh yo rele Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji a . Chak raga gen yon seri règ strik ki gouvène kantite nòt ki kap’ itilize; ki nòt ki kap itilize; ak entèraksyon yo ki dwe respekte pou konpozisyon yon melodi. Genyen Gouri Bhairav, Poorvi ak Marwa ki gen kalifikatif adisyonèl tankou Shree-anga Gouri, Bhairav-anga Gouri, Poorvi-anga Gouri ak sou saa. Sayo pat konsidere kòm 'gwo' raga. Nan Guru Granth Sahib ji a, Granth la (ke vle di yon liv) sakre Sikh la, gen yon 60 pou kantite total la. konpozisyon raga epi raga sa a se twazyèm raga ki parèt nan seri a. Konpozisyon nan raga sa a parèt pou premye fwa sou ang (paj) nimewo 151. Raag Gauri (ਗਉੜੀ) – Gauri kreye yon atitid kote moun k ap koute a ankouraje pou l fè plis efò pou l atenn yon objektif. Sepandan, ankourajman Raag la bay la pa pèmèt ego a ogmante. Kidonk, sa kreye yon atmosfè kote moun k ap koute a ankouraje, men li toujou anpeche l vin arogan e li pa gen twòp enpòtans. == Varyant == [[Guru Nanak]], Guru Amar Das, Guru Ram Das, Guru Arjan ak [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] te itilize Gauri . Plizyè fòm Gauri Raga eksiste istorikman ak sa a pwobableman kont pou gwo kantite varyant: * Gauri (Bhairav thaat) * Gauri (Kalingada aang) (2 M) * Gauri (Marwa aang) * Gauri Bairagan * Gauri Basant * Gauri Chayti * Gauri Cheti * Gauri Dakhani * Gauri Deepaki * Gauri Guarairi * Gauri Majh * Gauri Mala * Gauri Malva * Gauri Purbi * Gauri Purbi Deepaki * Gauri Sorath == Konpozisyon raga a == * Aroh: Sa Re Ga Re Ma Pa Ni Sa * Avroh: Sa Ni Dha Ma Pa, Dha Pa Ma Ga, Ga Re Sa Ni Sa * Vadi: Re * Samvadi: Pa detanzantan, yo jwe Re avè yon vibrasyon tankou nan Siri Raga ki gen menm vadis yo. Yo bay Ni enpòtans swa lè yo kanpe oswa lè yo rete sou nòt sa a. Raga sa a asosye avèk Bhairav thaat . <ref name="web">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tanarang.com/english/gauri_eng.htm|title=Raag Gauri - Indian Classical Music - Tanarang.com|website=www.tanarang.com}}</ref> Men, yo jwe l nan plizyè ang (fòm). : * Gauri (Bhairav thaat) * Gauri (Kalingada aang) (2 M) * Gauri (Marwa aang). abhmlv79d49a1katb2yd79ll0ofs6z5 0 97442 881121 2026-04-20T05:11:08Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 39014 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348005989|Iskandar Muda]] » 881121 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iskandar Muda''' (anviwon 1583<ref>[http://www.aolsvc.worldbook.aol.com/wb/Article?id=ar724698 World Book article]{{dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}, accessed 4 January 2007</ref>–27 desanm 1636<ref name="Yusra">Yusra Habib Abdul Gani, [http://www.asnlf.net/asnlf_int/acheh/history/rulersofacheh/iskandarmuda/sultan_iskandar_muda.htm Sultan Iskandar Muda] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929214406/http://www.asnlf.net/asnlf_int/acheh/history/rulersofacheh/iskandarmuda/sultan_iskandar_muda.htm|date=29 September 2007}}, accessed on 4 January 2007</ref>) te 12yèm Sultan Aceh Darussalam. Pandan rèy li, sultanat la te rive nan pi gwo ekspansyon teritoryal li, li te vin tounen fòs militè ki pi pwisan ak nasyon ki pi rich nan lwès Endonezi ak nan Detwa Malakka. "Iskandar Muda" vle di literalman "Jèn Aleksann," e yo souvan konpare konkèt li yo ak sa [[Alexandre le Grand|Aleksann Legran]] yo.<ref name="Yusra2">Yusra Habib Abdul Gani, [http://www.asnlf.net/asnlf_int/acheh/history/rulersofacheh/iskandarmuda/sultan_iskandar_muda.htm Sultan Iskandar Muda] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929214406/http://www.asnlf.net/asnlf_int/acheh/history/rulersofacheh/iskandarmuda/sultan_iskandar_muda.htm|date=29 September 2007}}, accessed on 4 January 2007</ref> Anplis de konkèt li yo ki te selèb, pandan rèy li, Aceh te vin tounen yon sant pou etid Islamik entènasyonal ak komès. Li te dènye Sultan Aceh ki te yon desandan gason dirèk fondatè Wayòm Aceh la, Ali Mughayat Shah. Lanmò Iskandar Muda a te make disparisyon dinasti Meukuta Alam nan, dinasti fondatè Wayòm Aceh la, epi ranplasman li pa yon lòt dinasti. [[Fichye:Iskandar_Muda,_potret_pada_2_April_2026.jpg|vignette|Yon penti Iskandar Muda pa Yoesoef (1980) nan Mize Aceh nan Banda Aceh.]] [[Fichye:Letter_to_James_I_from_Sultan_Iskandar_Muda_of_Aceh_in_1615.jpg|gauche|vignette|Lèt Iskandar Muda te ekri bay James I nan [[Angletè]] an 1615]] == Referans == 3i9bxpphv6iw61tp0hrz836wz49ojal 881122 881121 2026-04-20T05:24:27Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 39014 881122 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:Iskandar_Muda,_potret_pada_2_April_2026.jpg|vignette|Yon penti Iskandar Muda pa Yoesoef (1980) nan Mize Aceh nan Banda Aceh.]] '''Iskandar Muda''' (anviwon 1583<ref>[http://www.aolsvc.worldbook.aol.com/wb/Article?id=ar724698 World Book article]{{dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}, accessed 4 January 2007</ref>–27 desanm 1636<ref name="Yusra">Yusra Habib Abdul Gani, [http://www.asnlf.net/asnlf_int/acheh/history/rulersofacheh/iskandarmuda/sultan_iskandar_muda.htm Sultan Iskandar Muda] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929214406/http://www.asnlf.net/asnlf_int/acheh/history/rulersofacheh/iskandarmuda/sultan_iskandar_muda.htm|date=29 September 2007}}, accessed on 4 January 2007</ref>) te 12yèm Sultan Aceh Darussalam. Pandan rèy li, sultanat la te rive nan pi gwo ekspansyon teritoryal li, li te vin tounen fòs militè ki pi pwisan ak nasyon ki pi rich nan lwès Endonezi ak nan Detwa Malakka. "Iskandar Muda" vle di literalman "Jèn Aleksann," e yo souvan konpare konkèt li yo ak sa [[Alexandre le Grand|Aleksann Legran]] yo.<ref name="Yusra2">Yusra Habib Abdul Gani, [http://www.asnlf.net/asnlf_int/acheh/history/rulersofacheh/iskandarmuda/sultan_iskandar_muda.htm Sultan Iskandar Muda] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929214406/http://www.asnlf.net/asnlf_int/acheh/history/rulersofacheh/iskandarmuda/sultan_iskandar_muda.htm|date=29 September 2007}}, accessed on 4 January 2007</ref> Anplis de konkèt li yo ki te selèb, pandan rèy li, Aceh te vin tounen yon sant pou etid Islamik entènasyonal ak komès. Li te dènye Sultan Aceh ki te yon desandan gason dirèk fondatè Wayòm Aceh la, Ali Mughayat Shah. Lanmò Iskandar Muda a te make disparisyon dinasti Meukuta Alam nan, dinasti fondatè Wayòm Aceh la, epi ranplasman li pa yon lòt dinasti. [[Fichye:Letter_to_James_I_from_Sultan_Iskandar_Muda_of_Aceh_in_1615.jpg|gauche|vignette|Lèt Iskandar Muda te ekri bay James I nan [[Angletè]] an 1615]] == Referans == 0zceocqqx7g4cp3op4yypwifhvvmxtu 0 97443 881123 2026-04-20T05:30:36Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1306906791|Bhagat Puran Singh]] » 881123 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:Bhagat_Puran_Singh_2004_stamp_of_India.jpg|vignette|Bhagat Puran Singh sou yon tenm peyi Zend an 2004]] '''Bhagat Puran Singh''' (4 jen 1904 – 5 out 1992) te yon ekriven, anviwonmantalist, ak filantwòp Endyen. Lè l te jèn, li te deside konsakre lavi l nan travay imanitè, epi an 1947, li te fonde Pingalwara, yon kay pou malad ak andikape nan Amritsar . Li te yon militan anviwònman tou, li te sansibilize moun sou polisyon ak ewozyon tè epi li te ekri anpil liv sou sijè anviwònman. == Premye lavi ==   Bhagat Puran Singh te fèt nan Rajewal ( [[Rohno]] ) nan distri Ludhiana, nan Penjab . Li te fèt nan yon fanmi Endou, yo te ba li non Ramji Das lè li te timoun, men pita nan kòmansman laj majè li te adopte [[sewapanthi]] sikhi lè li te pran non Bhagat Puran Singh. Apre lanmò papa l, manman l te ankouraje l pou l fini nivo edikasyon siperyè a, ki t ap pèmèt li jwenn yon travay nan gouvènman an. Manman l te travay kòm yon moun ki travay nan kay yon doktè nan Montgomery ( Sahiwal ), an pati pou peye edikasyon pitit gason l lan. Pita, li te demenaje ale [[Lawo|Lahore]], kote li te netwaye istansil nan kay yo, li te voye dis roupi pa mwa bay Puran Singh, ki t ap viv nan yon otèl. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Li te echwe dizyèm klas li epi yo te rele l tounen [[Lawo|Lahore]] pou l al nan yon lekòl lokal. Malgre li pa t enterese nan edikasyon lekòl li, li te pase anpil tan ap li nan Bibliyotèk Dyal Singh la. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Travay imanitè == Pandan l te [[Lawo|Lahore]], li te kòmanse vizite Gurdwara Dehra Sahib la, li te bay vizitè yo dlo pou yo lave anvan yo antre, li te ede jere bèt Gurdwara yo, li te netwaye, epi li te travay nan kwizin nan. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Pandan l t ap travay nan Gurdwara a, li te deside konsakre tèt li nan travay imanitè. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An 1934, Bhagat Puran Singh te pran swen yon timoun katran ki te gen lèp, timoun yo te kite nan pòt Gurdwara Dehra Sahib, li te rele l Piara Singh. Apre divizyon peyi Zend an 1947, Bhagat Puran Singh te travay kòm medsen nan yon kan refijye nan Amritsar, kote plis pase 25,000 refijye te rete. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Soti nan lane 1947 rive 1958, Bhagat Puran Singh pa t gen yon kay pèmanan, men li te mache nan lari yo ap kolekte don pou pòv yo. Pandan tan sa a, li te rankontre Des Raj Bindra, avèk ki li te fonde yon òganizasyon charitab, All India Pingalwara Charitable Society. Enstitisyon sa a toujou bay swen charitab pou pòv yo ak moun andikape yo nan Tehsilpura, Grand Trunk road, Amritsar . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Anviwònmantalis == Puran Singh te angaje li tou avèk anpil devouman nan prezèvasyon ekolojik, kote li te inisye ak kowòdone divès kanpay rebwazman, fasilite deba entelektyèl ansanm ak konferans sou kestyon anviwònmantal, epi li te redije plizyè zèv literè enpòtan tankou ''Education of Man'', ''Righteousness Alone Exalts a Nation'', ''Plant or Perish'', ''The Way'', ak ''The Increasing Population''. Anplis, atravè Sosyete Pingalwara a, li te distribye san frè yon kantite konsiderab bwochi ak feyè edikatif ki te vize sansibilize piblik la sou kriz anviwònman an. == Lavi pita ak onè == An 1981, Gouvènman Endyen an te onore l ak prim [[Padma Shri]] a, yo te bay li pou sèvis eksepsyonèl ak distenge nan nenpòt domèn. Li te pami sitwayen Endyen yo ki te retounen prim ak meday yo apre atak lame Endyen an sou Tanp an lò a an 1984. Li te nominen pou Pri Nobèl Lapè a an 1991 pou travay imanitè li. Bhagat Puran Singh te ale nan peyi san chapo an Amritsar nan dat la 5 Out 1992. == Eritaj == Yo te etabli Chèz Bhagat Puran Singh pou Etid sou Sèvis Dezenterese pou Limanite nan Inivèsite Guru Nanak Dev, Amritsar an 2005. Ministè Kominikasyon ak Teknoloji Enfòmasyon te pibliye tenm lapòs komemoratif Bhagat Puran Singh an 2004. Tenm nan gen yon denominasyon senk roupi. == Reprezantasyon medya yo == Yo te jwe wòl Bhagat Puran Singh nan fim ''Eh Janam Tumhare Lekhe a'', avèk Pavan Malhotra nan wòl prensipal la. Fim nan te soti nan dat 30 janvye 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/Eh-Janam-Tumhare-Lekhe-based-on-the-life-of-Bhagat-Puran-Singh/articleshow/45144843.cms|title=Eh Janam Tumhare Lekhe based on the life of Bhagat Puran Singh|date=10 January 2017|publisher=Times of India|access-date=16 November 2014}}</ref> [[Kategori:Lanmò 1992]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1904]] cuwro0vlqcmqyva2nr5sfwww5siy8bq 0 97444 881124 2026-04-20T05:39:02Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1164448243|Dakhni Oankar]] » 881124 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Dakhni Oankar''' se yon konpozisyon k te ekri pa [[Guru Nanak]] ki prezan nan Guru Granth Sahib . Li gen 54 strof. Konpozisyon an konnen kòm 'Dakhani Oankar' paske se yon diskou ant prèt Tanp Omkareshwar nan Dakhan (Sid). Non prèt la te Chatur Das. Yon moun kap jwenn conpozisyon sa a ap komansè ant Ang 929 rive 938 Guru Granth Sahib. bq2b0odprzabz30ul9ycadgshrt7cr6 0 97445 881125 2026-04-20T06:03:31Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1249777009|Balvand Rai]] » 881125 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Balvand Rai''' ( ki te fl. fen 16yèm syèk rive nan kòmansman 17yèm syèk) ke yo te ekri tou kòm '''Balwand''' ak '''Rai Balvand''', te yon powèt mistik ak mizisyen rabab nan tribinal Guru Arjan an. == Biyografi == Menm si li te fèt kòm yon Mizilman ki te fè pati gwòup Doom- Mirasi a, gwòup sa a ta anbrase filosofi Sikh pandan epòk Guru Arjan an. Gen lòt sous ki rele li kòm yon moun ki te fèt nan yon fanmi Bhatt. Li te gen yon frè ki te rele [[Satta Doom]] . <ref name=":1" /> Men, gen lòt sous ki pa di te gen yon relasyon san ant Balvand Rai ak Satta Doom. ''<ref name=":6" />'' Yon lòt naratif se ke li te kòmanse jwe im pou kongregasyon guru Sikh la pandan Guru Angad te vin guru, yon relasyon ak Sikh yo ki te kontinye jiska Guru Arjan te vin guru. <ref name=":1" /> Twa im li yo te plase nan Guru Granth Sahib nan mezi Ramkali nan Amritsar . <ref name=":1" /> Selon istwa Sikh yo, li menm ak frè li, Satta, te vin twò arogan epi yo te kite gourou a apre yon dezakò sou lajan yo te mande nan men Sikh yo. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":0" /> Finalman, yo te retounen sèvi gourou Sikh la apre yo te tonbe malad epi yo te reyalize erè yo, kote yo te padone pou transgresyon yo te fè anvan yo. <ref name=":1" /> Li te fè Balad Ramkali sa a avèk frè li, Bhai Satta Doom, ki t yon tanbouyè (jwè jori a), ki gen ladan l yon total sis im. <ref name=":0" /> Yo te motive pou konpoze im sa yo kòm yon aksyon ki ta ban guru a rekonsilye avèk guru a pask yo te kite sèvis guru a. Konpozisyon li te ko-konpoze avèk frè li Satta yo ka jwenn nan paj 966–968 nan Guru Granth Sahib anba tit ''Ramkali ki Vaar Rai Balwand tatta Satte doom akhi'' . <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":0" /> Guru Sikh la te trè enpresyone pa travay ak konduit Balvand, se poutèt sa li te ba li tit "Rai", ki anjeneral rezève pou entelektyèl Brahmin sèlman. <ref name=":2" /> Yo di li te mouri nan [[Lawo|Lahore]] pandan epòk [[Guru Hargobind]] (1595–1644) epi yo te antere l sou bò larivyè Ravi a. <ref name=":1" /> == Gade tou == {{Referans}} 0648o09v2gi7l7p7ky43q48am2d85ws 0 97446 881126 2026-04-20T06:07:01Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1230203700|Shiromani Akali Dal (Taksali)]] » 881126 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shiromani Akali Dal (Taksali)''' se te yon pati politik Endyen ki te fòme pa Ranjit Singh Brahmpura, Rattan Singh Ajnala ak Sewa Singh Sekhwan nan dat 16 desanm 2018. Nan dat 4 novanm 2018, Shiromani Akali Dal te ekspilse Sewa Singh Sekhwan <ref name="ndtv">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ex-minister-sewa-singh-sekhwan-expelled-from-akali-dal-after-he-quits-party-posts-1942517|title=Ex-Minister Sewa Singh Sekhwan Expelled From Akali Dal After He Quits Party Posts|website=ndtv.com|access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref> ansyen Minis Pendjab la, epi answit, nan dat 12 novanm 2018, li te ekspilse depite Ranjit Singh Brahmpura nan Khadoor Sahib (sikouksyon Lok Sabha), ansyen depite Rattan Singh Ajnala, Ravinder Singh Brahmpura ak Amarpal Singh Ajnala nan pati a. <ref name="tribuneindia2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/akali-dal-expels-mp-brahmpura-ajnala-their-sons-from-party/681447.html|title=Akali Dal expels MP Brahmpura, Ajnala, their sons from party|website=tribuneindia.com|access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref> Yo tout te ekspilse nan pati a paske yo te akize prezidan pati a , Sukhbir Singh Badal, ak ansyen minis Bikram Singh Majithia, kòm moun ki t ap detwi repitasyon pati a, Akal Takht ak Komite Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak la. <ref name="dailypioneer">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/state-editions/ranjit-singh-hits-out-at-sukhbir-badal--majithia-for----ruining-party---.html|title=Ranjit Singh hits out at Sukhbir Badal, Majithia for 'ruining party'|last=The Pioneer|website=dailypioneer.com|access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref> Nan menm jou sa a, pati a te deklare tou li t ap kandida pou tout plas yo an 2019 nan eleksyon Lok Sabha yo ak an 2022 nan eleksyon Asanble Lejislatif Punjab la. <ref name="punjabtribune">{{Cite web|url=http://www.punjabtribune.com/news/80331-shiromani-akali-dal-taksali-is-dedicated-to-people-of-all-categories-brahmpura.aspx|title=Shiromani Akali Dal Taksali is dedicated to people of all categ|website=punjabtribune.com|access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref> Shiromani Akali Dal (Taksali) te vin manm Alyans Demokratik Punjab la an 2018, men akòz divèjans sou pataj plas yo, li te kite alyans lan epi li te mete tèt ansanm ak Pati Aam Aadmi pou eleksyon Lok sabha nan Punjab . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punjab.punjabkesari.in/punjab/news/akali-dal-taksali-and-the-aam-aadmi-party-an-alliance-in-punjab-959636|title=Akali Dal taksali and aam aadmi party an alliance in Punjab|date=2 March 2019}}</ref> Sepandan, li pa t rive jwenn yon konsansis ak AAP sou pataj plas yo epi li te deside patisipe nan eleksyon an poukont li. Harsukhinder Singh Bubby Badal ap dirije zèl jèn SAD (Taksali) la epi li opoze ak fanmi pwòch li yo, Badal yo. Li di orevwa ak fanmi li, li akize yo kòm kont Panthic, sitou bòfrè Sukhbir ki notwa a, Bikram Majithia, ke li akize de eseye pran kontwòl pati Akali dal la an kachèt. Nan eleksyon jeneral 2019 yo, pati a ap goumen pou yon sèl plas, sa vle di Anandpur Sahib (sikouksyon Lok Sabha) Nan dat 13 fevriye 2020, Amarpal Singh Ajnala te entegre Shiromani Akali Dal an prezans Sukhbir Singh Badal. Apre sa, nan dat 7 jiyè 2020, fanmi Dhindsa a ansanm ak Sewa Sekhwan ak plizyè lòt manm enpòtan te demisyone nan pati a pou etabli yon nouvo fòmasyon politik pa yo. Pami kat manm fondatè SAD Taksali a, ki te pran nesans nan dat 16 desanm 2018, sèlman Ranjit Singh Brampura ak Manmohan Singh Sathiala te kontinye sou liy separasyon an, pandan ke de lòt yo, Rattan Singh ak Sewa Singh, te deja retire yo respektivman nan mwa fevriye ak jiyè 2020. Evènman sa yo te dewoule nan kontèks selebrasyon santyèm anivèsè fondasyon Shiromani Akali Dal, yon òganizasyon ki gen rasin li nan mouvman konbatan libète sik taksali yo. Nan mwa avril 2021 pati a te rantre nan Shiromani Akali Dal (Demokratik) Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa pou fòme yon nouvo pati yo te rele Shiromani Akali Dal (Sanyukt) . 8ujbkih82z0ew74i3tdhx36qnfaof95 0 97447 881127 2026-04-20T07:31:55Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340779432|Kesh (Sikhism)]] » 881127 wikitext text/x-wiki   Nan Sikhi, ki rele '''kesh''' oubyen '''kes''' tou ( Gurmukhi : ਕੇਸ) se pratik ki fè yon moun kite cheve l grandi natirèlman (anjeneral, se sèlman cheve ki sou tèt, bab ak moustach li) san l pa retire li. Pratik sa a se youn nan Senk Kakaar yo, senbòl ekstèn [[Guru Gobind Singh]] te bay lòd an 1699 kòm yon mwayen pou pwofese lafwa Sikh la. Yo penyen cheve a de fwa pa jou ak yon kanga, yon lòt nan senk K yo, epi yo mare l nan yon ne senp yo rele yon ''joora'' oubyen ''yon rishi'' . Yo anjeneral kenbe ne cheve sa a an plas ak kanga a epi yo kouvri l ak yon turban . 52 kòmandman Guru Gobind Singh yo, ki te konpoze nan Hazur Sahib nan Nanded, fè konnen ke kesh (cheve) la dwe onore kòm manifestasyon Satguru a, ki konsidere kòm ekivalan ak diven an. Pou rezon sa a, pratikan yo trete li ak yon respè pwofon ak disiplin sevè. Sa enkli yon swen regilye ak metikuleu, tankou penyen li omwen de fwa pa jou, lave li avèk regilarite, epi evite ekspoze li oswa pèmèt lòt moun manyen li an piblik. == Etimoloji == Nan Sanskrit, kesh soti nan k, ki vle di tèt, ak esh, ki vle di mèt/sipwèm, ki vle di somè a oswa pòsyon sipwèm nan tèt la. Sa koresponn ak Suraj Prakash Santokh Singh la ki di,<blockquote>ਰਚ੍ਯੋ ਸੁ ਈਸ਼ੁਰ ਮਾਨੁਖ ਦੇਹ ॥ ਕਰ੍ਯੋ ਸੁਭਾਇਮਾਨ ਛਬਿ ਗ੍ਰੇਹ ॥ Se Eshvar [Senyè a] ki kreye kò a, li kreye lèzòm bèl e respekte moun. ਉੱਤਮਾਂਗ ਪਰ ਸੁੰਦਰ ਕਰੇ ॥ ਅਧਿਕ ਰੂਪ ਕੇਸ਼ਨ ਤੇ ਧਰੇ ॥40॥ Nan tout pati nan kò a, tèt la se pi wo a, epi lè yon moun mete Kesh [cheve ki pa koupe] sou tèt li, kò a vin bèl. </blockquote>Mahan Kosh la di tou, kesh se "cheve sou tèt la". Khalsa Dharam Shastar (1914), ki ekri pa Avatar Singh Vahiria, dakò ak sa lè li di, "Kesh vle di cheve sou tèt la epi tou bab ak moustach." == Enpòtans == Kesh se yon senbòl relijye ki ka, e ki deja, entèprete pa Sikh yo ansanm ak lòt obsèvatè nan plizyè fason diferan. Pou anpil Sikh, li reprezante yon siy devosyon pwofon anvè Bondye, yon rapèl kontinyèl ke yo dwe soumèt tèt yo ak volonte diven an san rezèv. Lefèt ke yo pa koupe cheve yo se yon jès sakre ki onore kado natirèl Bondye bay limanite. Anplis de sa, kesh, lè li asosye ak itilizasyon kangha (peny sakre a), vin tounen yon ekspresyon disiplin espirityèl ak respè pou lòd ak pite. Zak penyen cheve a pa sèlman gen yon dimansyon ijyenik, men li senbolize tou òganizasyon enteryè, klète lespri, ak rekonesans pou tout kado Bondye bay yo. ansanm, pratik sa yo reflete yon angajman konstan pou viv selon prensip sakre yo ak pou kenbe yon koneksyon vivan ak diven an. Bhai Nand Lal, ki te yon powèt nan lakou 10yèm Guru a, Guru Gobind Singh, te ekri an Pès : <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://blog.oup.com/2016/01/gurus-warrior-scripture/#sthash.eSGXVZPh.dpuf|title=The Guru’s warrior scripture|last=Singh|first=Kamalroop|last2=Mann|first2=Gurinder Singh|date=24 January 2016|website=Oxford University Press|access-date=9 November 2025}}</ref><blockquote>''Nishān-e-Sikhī ast în Panj harf-e kāf,'' ''Hargiz na bāshad azīn panj muāf,'' ''Kara, Karad, Kacha, Kanga bidān,'' ''Bina kesh hēch ast jumla nishān.''</blockquote>Senk lèt K sa yo se anblèm Sikhi Senk sa yo ki pi enpòtan; Yon braslè an asye, yon gwo kouto, yon chòt ak yon peny; San cheve ki pa koupe, kat lòt yo pa gen okenn siyifikasyon. Konpozisyon ki anwo a jwenn nan kèk ansyen maniskri Dasam Granth yo . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://blog.oup.com/2016/01/gurus-warrior-scripture/#sthash.eSGXVZPh.dpuf|title=The Guru’s warrior scripture|last=Singh|first=Kamalroop|last2=Mann|first2=Gurinder Singh|date=24 January 2016|website=Oxford University Press|access-date=9 November 2025}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSinghMann2016">Singh, Kamalroop; Mann, Gurinder Singh (24 January 2016). [https://blog.oup.com/2016/01/gurus-warrior-scripture/#sthash.eSGXVZPh.dpuf "The Guru's warrior scripture"]. ''Oxford University Press''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Bhai Desa Singh, yon Sikh nan mitan 18yèm syèk la, ekri ke:<blockquote>Menm jan ak yon zwazo san zèl, oubyen tankou yon mouton san lenn Oswa tankou yon fanm san rad, se konsa yon nonm san kesh ye. Se sèlman lè yon nonm dekore Kesh ke li gen tout fòm li.</blockquote>Desa Singh bay enstriksyon nan Kòd Konduit li a, Rehatnama, pou Singh lave Kesh yo ak yogout chak de semèn epi answit netwaye yo epi mete pafen ladan yo. Bhai Daya Singh Rehatnama deklare ke Durga te bay Khalsa a Kesh la kòm yon senbòl nan Amrit Sanskar 1699 la, sa vle di yo te dekore kesh la kòm senbòl li. Kesh te yon senbòl idantite tèlman enpòtan ke pandan pèsekisyon Sikh yo anba Anpi Mughal la, disip yo te pi dispoze fè fas ak lanmò olye pou yo raze oswa koupe cheve yo pou degize tèt yo. Senbòl cheve long pou Sikh yo se te mak oswa anblèm Guru a. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2025)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Istoryen JP Singh Uberoi deklare ke tabou kont koupe cheve a te leve nan kontèks pliralis relijye nan Nòdwès peyi Zend nan epòk Guru Gobind Singh, lè nouvo kominote Sikh ki te parèt la te defini tèt li kont moun ki te renonse asèt tankou ''yogi'' ak ''sannyasin'', ki te raze cheve yo nèt oswa kite l grandi men an dreadlocks mele. Kontrèman ak gwoup sa yo, Sikh ki te mèt kay yo te kite cheve yo grandi kòm yon kalite "negasyon negasyon an" men yo te fè sa nan yon fason ki òdone lè yo te penyen l ak ''kangha'' (peny) an, youn nan senk lòt K yo. == Tandans modèn == Tradisyon pou kenbe cheve san koupe a diminye nan dènye tan yo, epi yo estime ke mwatye nan gason Sikh nan peyi Zend koupe cheve yo. Rezon yo enkli senp konvenyans (evite penyen ak mare chak jou), swiv egzanp paran yo, ak presyon sosyal ki soti nan kilti prensipal la pou ajiste aparans yo pou l anfòm ak nòm nan. === Arasman === Apre atak 11 septanm 2001 yo, moun te konfonn Sikh nan Lwès yo ak Mizilman epi yo te sibi krim rayisman . Balbir Singh Sodhi, yon Sikh ki t ap viv nan [[Mesa, Arizona]], te mouri pa bal nan dat 16 septanm 2001, lè yo te konfonn li ak yon Mizilman. An 2007, yon adolesan pakistanè-ameriken 17 an, Umair Ahmed, te koupe cheve yon ti gason sik 15 an, Harpal Vacher, ak fòs nan yon lekòl ameriken. An 2008, jiri a te kondane l pou "menas dezyèm degre kòm yon krim rayisman, presyon dezyèm degre kòm yon krim rayisman, posesyon kriminèl yon zam katriyèm degre, ak arasman twazyèm degre," <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna18868058|title=Teen charged with cutting Sikh boy's hair|date=2007-05-25|website=NBC News|language=en|access-date=2025-09-12}}</ref> epi li te kondane a pwobasyon, sèvis kominotè, ak konplete yon pwogram tolerans. An 2009, Resham Singh, yon etidyan Punjabi nan Melbourne, Ostrali, te sibi yon atak nan men yon gwoup adolesan ki t ap eseye retire turban li epi koupe cheve li. An 2010, Basant Singh, yon jèn Sikh nan Penang, Malezi, te reveye lè li te dekouvri ke 50 moun te koupe cheve l.&nbsp;cm lè li t ap dòmi nan dòtwa li pandan l t ap sèvi nan Pwogram Fòmasyon Sèvis Nasyonal Malezi a. Ensidan an te chomate jèn gason an e y ap mennen ankèt sou li jan Ministè Defans lan te bay lòd. == Gade tou == * Woumal * Patka * Thatha * Salai (zegwi) == Galri == <gallery> Fichye:Anthropological_photographs_of_a_Lahori_Sikh_man,_by_Carl_W._Damman,_ca.1873.jpg|alt=Anthropological photographs of a Lahori Sikh man, by Carl W. Damman, ca.1873. He maintained kesh (unshorn hair), with it being tied in a top-knot.| Foto antwopolojik yon nonm Sikh Lahori, pa Carl W. Damman, anviwon 1873. Li te kenbe cheve ''kesh'' (ki pa koupe), mare nan yon ne anlè tèt. Fichye:Painting_of_Sher_Singh_after_a_bath_with_his_hair_down.png|alt=Painting of Maharaja Sher Singh after a bath with his hair down| Penti Maharaja Sher Singh apre yon beny ak cheve l' tonbe. Fichye:Sikh_Boy_wearing_Rumal.jpg|alt=A Sikh boy wearing a rumāl| Yon ti gason Sikh ki gen yon rumāl sou li. File:Sikh_patka.PNG|alt=A Sikh boy wearing a patka| Yon ti gason Sikh ki gen yon <nowiki><i id="mwyQ">patka</i></nowiki> sou li. Fichye:Sikh_man,_Agra_10.jpg|alt=A Sikh man wearing a dastar or pagh (turban)| Yon nonm Sikh ki mete yon ''dastar'' oswa ''yon pagh'' (tiban) </gallery> pgnq398tq04d26e9jmap4b7anxu99sq 0 97448 881129 2026-04-20T07:39:34Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343428600|Gurdwara Patalpuri Sahib]] » 881129 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Gurdwara Patalpuri Sahib''' se yon gurdwara Sikh ki sitiye nan Kiratpur, Punjab, [[End|peyi Zend,]] ki se yon kote popilè pou gaye sann pou Sikh kòm yon pati nan rit finerè ''Antam Sanskar'' Sikhism yo. Sit la renome kòm tè kremasyon de gourou Sikh, [[Guru Hargobind]], [[Guru Har Rai]], epi sann Guru Har Krishan te gaye nan kote sa a. == Kote == Gurdwara a sitiye sou bò gòch rivyè Sutlej la nan Kiratpur. Li sitiye a anviwon yon ka mil de koloni Kiratpur nan direksyon sid rivyè Sutlej la. == Achitekti == Gurdwara a sitiye sou yon gwo pedestal epi li gen yon gwo sal. Youn nan bout sal la mennen nan rivyè a, kote yo enstale Guru Granth Sahib la, ke yo rele ''prakash asthan'' . <ref name=":32" /> Gen de etaj ki sitiye anlè sanktyè estrikti a, avèk yon dòm sou tèt li. <ref name=":32" /> Kote espesifik nan sit la kote yo gaye sann yo nan rivyè a se ''asth ghat'' la. == Objektif == [[Fichye:Water_coming_from_Satluj_river_at_Gurdwara_Patalpuri_Sahib.jpg|vignette|Rivyè Sutlej ap koule tankou dlo nan Gurdwara Patalpuri Sahib, Kiratpur Sahib, Punjab]] Apre yo fin fè pati sehaj pāth nan yon fineray Sikh, li nòmal pou fanmi an gaye sann mò a nan yon kò dlo k ap koule. Nan Sikhism modèn, kote ki pi popilè pou fè sa a se nan Gurdwara Patalpuri Sahib nan rivyè Sutlej la. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":32" /> == Istwa == Selon Istwa Sikh yo, Guru Hargobind, ki te santi l ap mouri, te bay lòd pou yo konstwi yon kay sou bò rivyè Sutlej la nan Kiratpur, epi yo te rele kay la ''Patalpuri'' . Yon ''pir'' Mizilman, ki te rele Pir Kaivan, te vizite Guru Hargobind la yon semèn anvan lanmò gouru a. Guru Hargobind te mouri nan dat 3 mas 1644 nan Kiratpur Sahib sou bò rivyè Sutlej la, epi yo te boule l sou bò rivyè a, kote Gurdwara Patalpuri Sahib ye kounye a. <ref name=":32" /> Tèks Pès 17yèm syèk la, ''Dabistani Mazahib,'' mansyone tou kote sa a kòm kote yo te boule Guru Hargobind. <ref name=":3" /> Yon lòt istwa ki lye ak boule sizyèm gouru a se ke yon Rajput raja ak disip li yo te sote nan bwa fineray la. <ref name=":3" /> Guru Har Krishan te mouri epi yo te boule sann li nan Delhi nan dat 30 mas 1664, men dapre ''Bhatt Vahis'' la, yo te pote sann li yo nan plas li pou yo te gaye yo nan Sutlej la nan dat 22 out 1664. <ref name=":32" /> Anplis de sa, yo te boule Guru Har Rai nan plas la nan dat 6 oktòb 1661. <ref name=":32" /> Yo di yon maniskri Guru Granth Sahib ki te siyen pa Guru Har Krishan sou lòd papa l, Guru Har Rai, mansyone kote sa a. <ref name=":3" /> Anvan sa, te gen twa lotèl separe nan plas la pou memorize chak nan twa gourou Sikh yo ki te konekte ak sit la, ansanm ak moniman ak estrikti separe ki te dedye a lòt manm fanmi gourou yo, men lotèl sa yo te finalman demoli pou yo te vin tounen yon sèl estrikti grasa renovasyon. <ref name=":32" /> [[Fichye:Photograph_of_Gurdwara_Patalpuri_Sahib_in_Kiratpur_Sahib,_by_Dhanna_Singh_Chahal_'Patialvi',_circa_May_1934.png|vignette|Foto Gurdwara Patalpuri Sahib nan Kiratpur Sahib, pa Dhanna Singh Chahal 'Patialvi', anviwon Me 1934. Foto sa a te pran pandan Dhanna Singh Chahal t ap vizite distri Hoshiarpur la.]] Nan listwa, anpil Sikh te konn gaye sann moun ki mouri yo nan Haridwar, kote yo te konn konsève dosye jeneyalojik fanmi yo. Sepandan, pratik pou vwayaje nan sit espesifik sa a vin pèdi enpòtans pami anpil Sikh, sitou paske Sikhi pa ankouraje ni mete aksan sou okenn kote patikilye kòm sakre an tèm absoli. Okontrè, anpil Sikh, espesyalman sa yo k ap viv toupre Kiratpur Sahib oswa nan dyaspora oksidantal, kounya chwazi gaye sann yo nan Gurdwara Patalpuri Sahib, ki vin tounen yon espas ki gen gwo siyifikasyon espirityèl. Anplis, gen lòt ki prefere gaye sann yo nan nenpòt rivyè oswa kouran dlo ki toupre, souvan nan Sutlej, kòm yon fason senp ak natirèl pou retounen nan sik lavi a. Nan dyaspora a, kèk Sikh adapte pratik la ak kontèks lokal yo lè yo chwazi nenpòt kò dlo nan peyi kote yo abite. Menm si tandans yo evolye, gen kèk kominote espesifik, tankou Chamar yo, ki kontinye swiv tradisyon ansyen an nan Haridwar atravè yon seremoni yo rele asth-pauna, ki kenbe valè kiltirèl ak ritèl istorik yo vivan. 64ob6w10mierfun6kwm6zj74l32one2 0 97449 881130 2026-04-20T07:51:11Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344938959|Chardi kala]] » 881130 wikitext text/x-wiki   Nan Sikhism, '''Chardi Kala''' ( Gurmukhi : ਚੜ੍ਹਦੀ ਕਲਾ ''caṛhadī kalā'' ) oubyen '''''Charhdi Kala''''', se yon tèm Punjabi ki vle di vle kenbe yon eta mantal ki gen rezistans, optimis ak lajwa etènèl; yon akseptasyon ke lavi a ap monte desann ak difikilte epi pou leve simonte advèsite sa a. Idealman, Sikh yo dwe nan eta lespri pozitif sa a kòm yon siy satisfaksyon yo ak volonte Bondye ( ''bhana'' ), menm pandan moman soufrans. == Deskripsyon == Chardi Kala ka tradui kòm "atitid pozitif" oubyen "enèji k ap monte". Yo dekri l tou kòm yon moun ki nan "gwo moral" oubyen yon atitid "pozitif, kontan ak optimis" anvè lavi ak anvè lavni. Chardi kala se eta lespri kote yon moun pa gen okenn emosyon negatif tankou [[Lapè (gen pè)|laperèz]], jalouzi oubyen [[Lenmi|lènmi]] . Okontrè, lespri a gen anpil santiman pozitif tankou lajwa, satisfaksyon ak diyite pwòp tèt li. Sikh yo kwè nan volonte Bondye (''bhana''). Yo kwè tou ke Bondye pa gen lènmi ditou (Sikh yo rele lide sa a: ''nirvair'' ), epi li toujou gen mizèrikòd pou nou. Se poutèt sa, moun ta dwe aksepte volonte li menm lè yon moun ap soufri gwo difikilte epi fè efò pou travay sou li, pou amelyore lòt moun. Kidonk, chardi kala se endikatè lafwa absoli yon Sikh nan Akal Purakh (Bondye Etènèl la). Atitid sa a kap pèmèt yon moun fè fas ak difikilte yo ak mwens domaj posib. Sa enplike tou mete tèt ansanm epi ede lòt moun nan moman bezwen yo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Kilti popilè == An 2021, powèt ak chantè Punjabi Bir Singh te pibliye yon chante ki rele Charhdikala, ki rann omaj ak selebre lespri rezilyans, detèminasyon, ak fòs moral kiltivatè yo pandan 2020–2021 kiltivatè endyen manif yo. Chante a mete aksan sou konsèp “chardi kala,” yon prensip Sikh ki senbolize optimis enkondisyonèl ak kouraj menm nan moman difisil, e li sèvi kòm yon sous enspirasyon pou mouvman an. == Gade tou == * Khalsa bole {{Referans}} oz7iqfmoto3rfjt1bcz2whbvneqyp3e 0 97450 881131 2026-04-20T08:00:28Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1285960671|Padarath]] » 881131 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Padarath''' ( Punjabi ) yo itilize nan Sikhi pou yon "etap nan Syèk Limyè espirityèl." Nan Guru Granth Sahib la, yo itilize tèm ''padarath'' la pou akonplisman tanporèl, osi byen ke espirityèl. <ref name=":13" /> == Deskripsyon == Gen kat "trezò espirityèl" nan Sikhism, ke yo rekonèt kòm ''Char Padarath'' ( Punjabi ; "kat aktivite imen"): # '''Gyaan Padarath''' (ਗਿਆਨੁ ਪਦਾਰਥੁ) - Trezò Sajès # '''Mukti Padarath''' (ਮੁਕਤਿ ਪਦਾਰਥੁ) - Trezò Liberasyon # '''Naam Padarath''' (ਨਾਮੁ ਪਦਾਰਥੁ) - Trezò Kòmandman Siprèm (Sajès ki soti nan Divine) # '''Janam Padarath''' (ਜਨਮੁ ਪਦਾਰਥੁ) - Trezò k ap viv (Siprèm Syèk Limyè) Dapre Guru Arjan Dev, si yon nanm rive nan Naam Padarath, li jwenn Janam Padarath otomatikman. Nan Guru Granth Sahib la, li mansyone nan yon ''salok'', "O Nanak, si mwen beni ak Naam nan, mwen viv, epi kò mwen ak lespri mwen fleri. ''"'' Se sèlman nanm libere a ki ka rive nan Naam Padarath. Liberasyon an (Mukat Padarath) rive lè yo aksepte sajès Guru a (Gyan Padarath) epi aplike li nan fòm vi yon moun. Guru Amar Das deklare "Atravè sajès espirityèl la, Gurmukh la libere ''."'' Tout travay ki anwo yo klase anba ''Hari Ki Seva'' (Fè yon sèl Bondye plezi). Selon Mahankosh, Padarath se yon "non" ki vle di yon bagay oswa yon bagay ki gen anpil valè epi selon Purana Endou yo, gen kat Padarath ki se Dharma, Artha, Kama ak Moksha. Dapre Harbans Singh, konsèp ''Char Padarath'' la reprezante yon revizyon ansanm ak yon reentèpretasyon pa gourou Sikh yo sou ansyen prensip Puruṣārtha nan Hinduism. Nan sans sa a, li reflete yon adaptasyon espirityèl kote ansèyman Sikh yo reòganize objektif lavi tradisyonèl yo pou mete plis aksan sou devosyon, etik, ak realizasyon espirityèl selon vizyon Sikh la. l2gnm3hrekemn6628py22fjv1c5b9fd