Wikipedia iawiki https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagina_principal MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 first-letter Multimedia Special Discussion Usator Discussion Usator Wikipedia Discussion Wikipedia File Discussion File MediaWiki Discussion MediaWiki Patrono Discussion Patrono Adjuta Discussion Adjuta Categoria Discussion Categoria Portal Discussion Portal Appendice Discussion Appendice TimedText TimedText talk Modulo Discussion Modulo Evento Discussion Evento 0 1335 697229 697181 2026-06-17T15:31:17Z ~2026-35591-62 60288 /* Historia */ 697229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/instantia de entitate territorial}} '''Germania'''{{linfoX}},{{efn|''Deutschland'', {{IPA|de|ˈdɔʏtʃlant|lang|De-Deutschland.ogg}}}} officialmente le '''Republica Federal de Germania''',{{efn|''Bundesrepublik Deutschland'', {{IPA|de|ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant|lang|De-Bundesrepublik Deutschland.ogg}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Duden, Aussprachewörterbuch|publisher=Dudenverlag|year=2005|isbn=978-3-411-04066-7|editor-last=Mangold|editor-first=Max|edition=6th|pages=271, 53f|language=de}}</ref>}} es un pais in [[Europa occidental|occidental]] e [[Europa central|central]]. Illo se trova inter le [[Mar Baltic]] e le [[Mar del Nord]] al nord con le [[Alpes]] al sud. Su dece-sex [[Statos de Germania|statos constituente]] ha [[Demographia de Germania|un population total]] de plus de 82 milliones, lo que face de illo le [[Stato membro del Union Europee|stato membro le plus populate del Union Europee]]. Germania confina con [[Danmark]] al nord; [[Polonia]] e le [[Republica Chec]] al est; [[Austria]] e [[Suissa]] al sud; e [[Francia]], [[Luxemburg]], [[Belgica]], e le [[Nederlandia]] al west. Le [[Capital de Germania|capital del nation]] e [[Lista de citates in Germania per population|citate le plus populate]] es [[Berlin]] e su principal centro financiari es [[Frankfurt]]; le area urban le plus grande es le [[Ruhr]]. == Geographia == Germania borda al nord con le [[Mar del Nord]], [[Danmark]] e le [[Mar Baltic]]; al est con [[Polonia]] e le [[Republica Chec]]; al sud con [[Austria]] e [[Switza]], e al west con [[Francia]], [[Luxemburg]], [[Belgica]] e le [[Paises Basse]]. == Historia == Durante le major parte de su historia, Germania esseva un termino geographic utilisate pro designar un area occupate per varie statos. Illo se convertiva in un stato unificate durante 74 annos ([[1871]]-[[1945]]), ma esseva dividite al fin del [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]] in le ''Republica Federal de Germania'' (RFG, cognoscite como Germania Occidental) e le ''[[Republica Democratic German]]'' (RDG, cognoscite como Germania Oriental). Le [[3 de octobre]] de [[1990]], le RDG deveniva parte del RFG, per lo que Germania deveniva un nation unificate. [[Berlin]] es le capital e le citate plus importante del moderne Germania. === Prehistoria === {{AP|Cultura del ceramica linear|Cultura de Unetice|Cultura del campos de urnas|Celtas}} Humanos antique esseva presente in Germania al minus 600.000 annos retro.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wagner |first1=G. A |last2=Krbetschek |first2=M |last3=Degering |first3=D |last4=Bahain |first4=J.-J |last5=Shao |first5=Q |last6=Falgueres |first6=C |last7=Voinchet |first7=P |last8=Dolo |first8=J.-M |last9=Garcia |first9=T |last10=Rightmire |first10=G. P |date=27 August 2010 |title=Radiometric dating of the type-site for Homo heidelbergensis at Mauer, Germany |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|PNAS]] |volume=107 |issue=46 |pages=19726–19730 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1012722107 |pmc=2993404 |pmid=21041630 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Le prime fossile human non-moderne (le [[Homo neanderthalensis|Neanderthal]]) esseva discoperite in le [[Neandertal (valle)|Valle de Neander]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/who-were-the-neanderthals.html|publisher=Natural History Museum|title=Who were the Neanderthals?|last=Hendry|first=Lisa|date=5 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330003649/https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/who-were-the-neanderthals.html|archivedate=30 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Evidentia de humanos moderne con dates simile ha essite trovate in le [[Caves e arte del etate de glacie in le Jura suabe|Jura suabe]], includente [[Flauta paleolitic|flautas]] de 42.000 annos de etate que es le instrumentos musical le plus antique jam trovate,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18196349 |title=Earliest music instruments found |date=25 May 2012 |work=BBC News |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903041534/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18196349 |archivedate=3 September 2017 }}</ref> le [[Homine-leon]] de 40.000 annos,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Ice-Age-iLion-Mani-is-worlds-earliest-figurative-sculpture/28595 |title=Ice Age Lion Man is world's earliest figurative sculpture |date=31 January 2013 |website=[[The Art Newspaper]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215162121/http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Ice-Age-iLion-Mani-is-worlds-earliest-figurative-sculpture/28595 |archivedate=15 February 2015 }}</ref> e le [[Venus de Hohle Fels]] de 41.000 annos.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Nature|volume=459|title=A female figurine from the basal Aurignacian of Hohle Fels Cave in southwestern Germany|last=Conard|first=Nicholas|year=2009|issue=7244|pages=248–252|doi=10.1038/nature07995|pmid=19444215}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.uni-tuebingen.de/en/news/press-releases/newsfullview-pressemitteilungen/article/es-muss-eigentlich-eine-frau-sein.html | title="It must be a woman" – The female depictions from Hohle Fels date to 40,000 years ago... | publisher=Universität Tübingen | date=22 July 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011145105/https://www.uni-tuebingen.de/en/news/press-releases/newsfullview-pressemitteilungen/article/es-muss-eigentlich-eine-frau-sein.html | archivedate=11 October 2016 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> === Tribos germanic, frontiera roman e le Imperio Franc === {{AP|Cultura de Jastorf|Populos germanic|Periodo de migrationes|Regno franc}} [[File:Trier 012.JPG|thumb|[[Aula Palatina|Basilica de Constantino]] in [[Trier]] (''[[Augusta Treverorum]]''), construite in le seculo 4]] On pensa que le [[populos germanic]] [[Ethnogenesis|emergeva]] del [[Cultura de Jastorf|cultura de Jastorf]] durante le [[Etate de Bronzo nordic]] o le prime [[Etate de Ferro preroman]].<ref name="Heather">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Germany/History#ref58082 |title=Germany: Ancient History |last=Heather |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Heather |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]] |accessdate=21 November 2020|archivedate=31 March 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331232159/https://www.britannica.com/place/Germany/History#ref58082 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Germanic Tribes (Teutons)|website=History Files |url=https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianGermanics.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426121258/https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianGermanics.htm |archivedate=26 April 2020 |url-status=live|accessdate=16 March 2020}}</ref> Ab le sud de [[Scandinavia]] e le [[Germania|nord de Germania]], illes se expandeva verso le sud, le est e le west, entrando in contacto con le tribos [[Celtas|celtic]], [[Populos iranian|iranian]], [[Baltos|baltic]] e [[Slavos antique|slave]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_g6n9/page/35 |title=Medieval Experience: 300–1400 |last=Claster |first=Jill N. |publisher=New York University Press |year=1982 |isbn=978-0-8147-1381-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_g6n9/page/35 35]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |editor-last=Hickey |editor-first=Raymond |chapter=Contact and the History of Germanic Languages|last=Roberge|first=Paul |title=The Handbook of Language Contact |date=2020 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |isbn=978-1119485025 |edition=2nd |pages=323–325|doi=10.1002/9781119485094.ch16 }}</ref> Le sud de Germania esseva habitate per populos de lingua celtic, qui pertineva al [[Cultura de La Tène|cultura de La Tène]] plus ample. Illes esseva plus tarde assimilate per le conquirentes germanic.<ref name="Heather2">{{cite web |last=Heather |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Heather |title=Germany: Ancient History |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Germany/History#ref58082 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331232159/https://www.britannica.com/place/Germany/History#ref58082 |archivedate=31 March 2019 |accessdate=21 November 2020 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]] }}</ref> Sub [[Augusto]], le [[Imperio Roman]] comenciava a invader terras habitate per le tribos germanic, creante un breve provincia roman de [[Germania Antiqua]] inter le fluvios [[Rheno]] e [[Elba]]. In le anno 9 d.C., tres [[Legion roman|legiones roman]] esseva [[Battalia del Foreste de Teutoburg|vincite]] per [[Arminio]] in le [[Battalia del Foreste de Teutoburg]].<ref>{{cite book|page=13|title=The Battle That Stopped Rome: Emperor Augustus, Arminius, and the Slaughter of the Legions in the Teutoburg Forest|last=Wells|first=Peter|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|year=2004|isbn=978-0-393-35203-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bordewich |first=Fergus M. |title=The Ambush That Changed History |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-ambush-that-changed-history-72636736/ |date=September 2006 |website=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> Le resultato de iste battalia dissuadeva le romanos de lor ambition de conquirer [[Germania]] e es assi considerate un del eventos le plus importante in le [[Historia de Europa|historia europee]].{{sfn|Murdoch|2004|p=57}} Verso le anno 100 d.C., quando [[Tacito]] scribeva ''[[Germania (libro)|Germania]]'', le tribos germanic se habeva stabilite al longo del Rheno e del Danubio (le [[Limes Germanicus]]), occupante le major parte del Germania moderne.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1631/ |accessdate=10 April 2025 |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Tamen, [[Baden-Württemberg]], le sud de [[Bavaria]], le sud de [[Hesse]] e le [[Renania]] occidental habeva [[Guerras germanic|essite incorporate]] in [[Provincia roman|provincias roman]].{{sfn|Fulbrook |1991|pp=9–13}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Modi |first=J. J. |date=1916 |title=The Ancient Germans: Their History, Constitution, Religion, Manners and Customs |url=https://archive.org/stream/TheJournalOfTheAnthropologicalSocietyOfBombay/The-Journal-of-the-Anthropological-society-of-Bombay#page/n651/mode/2up |journal=The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Bombay |volume=10 |issue=7 |quote=Raetia (modern Bavaria and the adjoining country) |page=647}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=The Cambridge Ancient History: X, The Augustan Empire, 43 B.C. – A.D. 69 |last=Rüger |first=C. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-521-26430-3 |editor-last=Bowman |editor-first=Alan K. |edition=2nd |volume=10 |pages=527–28 |chapter=Germany |orig-year=1996 |editor-last2=Champlin |editor-first2=Edward |editor-last3=Lintott |editor-first3=Andrew |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JZLW4-wba7UC&pg=PA528 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223193524/https://books.google.com/books?id=JZLW4-wba7UC&pg=PA528 |archivedate=23 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Circa 260, populos germanic irrumpeva in terras controlate per le romanos.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The crisis of empire, A.D. 193–337 |last1=Bowman |first1=Alan K. |last2=Garnsey |first2=Peter |last3=Cameron |first3=Averil |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-521-30199-2 |series=The Cambridge Ancient History |volume=12 |page=442}}</ref> Post le invasion del [[Hunos]] in 375, e con le declino de Roma ab 395, tribos germanic se moveva plus al sud-west: le francos establiva le [[Regno Franc]] e pulsava verso le est pro subjugar [[Ducato de Saxonia|Saxonia]] e [[Ducato de Bavaria|Bavaria]]. Areas del moderne Germania oriental esseva habitate per tribos [[Slavos occidental|slave occidental]].{{sfn|Fulbrook |1991|pp=9–13}} === Francia Oriental e le Sacre Imperio Roman === {{Main|Francia Oriental|Sacre Imperio Roman}} [[File:East Francia 843.svg|thumb|[[Francia Oriental]] in 843]] [[File:Lucas Cranach d.Ä. - Martin Luther, 1528 (Veste Coburg).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Martin Luther]], nascite in [[Eisleben]] in 1483, contestava le indulgentias del [[Ecclesia Catholic]], dante origine al [[Reformation]] e al [[Protestantismo]].]] [[Carolo Magne]] fundava le [[Imperio Carolingian]] in 800; illo esseva [[Tractato de Verdun|dividite in 843]].{{sfn|Fulbrook |1991|p= 11}} Le regno successor oriental de [[Francia Oriental]] se extendeva del Rheno in le west al fluvio Elba in le est e del Mar del Nord al Alpes.{{sfn|Fulbrook |1991|p= 11}} Subsequentemente, le Sacre Imperio Roman emergeva de illo. Le regnantes [[Ottonian]] (919–1024) consolidava plure major [[Ducato radice|ducatos]].<ref>{{cite book|page=55|title=Franks and Saracens|last=Falk|first=Avner|publisher=Routledge|year=2018|isbn=978-0-429-89969-0}}</ref> In 996, [[Papa Gregorio V|Gregorio V]] deveniva le prime Papa german, nominate per su cosino [[Otton III]], a qui ille coronava pauc postea como Sacre Imperator Roman. Le Sacre Imperio Roman absorbeva le Italia del nord e [[Burgundia (region historic)|Burgundia]] sub le imperatores [[Salian]] (1024–1125), ben que le imperatores perdeva poter per le [[Controversia del Investitura]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to Benedict XVI |last=McBrien, Richard |publisher=HarperCollins |year=2000 |page=138}}</ref> Sub le imperatores del [[Domo de Hohenstaufen|Hohenstaufen]] (1138–1254), principes german incoragiava le colonisation german al sud e al est ({{lang|de|[[Ostsiedlung]]}}).{{sfn|Fulbrook |1991|pp= 19–20}} Membros del [[Liga Hanseatic]], principalmente citates del Germania del nord, prosperava in le expansion del commercio.{{sfn|Fulbrook |1991|pp= 13–24}} Le population declinava a partir del [[Grande Fame de 1315–1317|Grande Fame]] in 1315, sequite per le [[Morte Nigre]] de 1348–1350.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nelson |first=Lynn Harry |url=http://www.vlib.us/medieval/lectures/black_death.html |title=The Great Famine (1315–1317) and the Black Death (1346–1351) |publisher=University of Kansas |accessdate=19 March 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429072010/http://www.vlib.us/medieval/lectures/black_death.html |archivedate=29 April 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Le [[Bulla de Auro de 1356|Bulla de Auro]] promulgate in 1356 forniva le structura constitutional del Imperio e codificava le election del imperator per septe [[principe-elector]]es.{{sfn|Fulbrook |1991|p= 27}} [[Johannes Gutenberg]] introduceva le imprimeria de typos mobile in Europa, ponente le base pro le [[democratisation del cognoscentia]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Eisenstein|first=Elizabeth|year=1980|pages=[https://archive.org/details/printingpressasa00eise_181/page/n24 3]–43|title=The printing press as an agent of change|url=https://archive.org/details/printingpressasa00eise_181|url-access=limited|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-29955-8}}</ref> In 1517, [[Martin Luther]] incitava le Reformation Protestante e [[Biblia de Luther|su traduction del Biblia]] comenciava le standardisation del lingua; le [[Pace de Augsburg]] de 1555 tolerava le fide "evangelic" ([[Lutheranismo]]), sed etiam decretava que le fide del principe debeva esser le fide de su subditos ({{lang|la|[[cuius regio, eius religio]]}}).<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.barcelonagse.eu/sites/default/files/working_paper_pdfs/540.pdf|last=Cantoni|first=Davide |title=Adopting a New Religion: The Case of Protestantism in 16th Century Germany|year=2011 |journal=Barcelona GSE Working Paper Series |accessdate=17 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809160613/http://www.barcelonagse.eu/sites/default/files/working_paper_pdfs/540.pdf |archivedate=9 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Del [[Guerra de Cologne]] usque al [[Guerra del Trenta Annos]] (1618–1648), conflictos religiose devastava le terras german e reduceva significativemente le population.<ref name="Philpott">{{Cite journal |last=Philpott |first=Daniel |date=January 2000 |title=The Religious Roots of Modern International Relations |journal=World Politics |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=206–245 |doi=10.1017/S0043887100002604|ssrn=1424223 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/savagewarsofpeac0000macf/page/51 |title=The Savage Wars of Peace: England, Japan and the Malthusian Trap |last=Macfarlane |first=Alan |publisher=Blackwell |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-631-18117-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/savagewarsofpeac0000macf/page/51 51]}}</ref> Le [[Pace de Westfalia]] finiva le guerra religiose inter le [[Statos Imperial]].<ref name="Philpott" /> Le systema legal initiate per un serie de [[Reforma Imperial|Reformas Imperial]] (approximatemente 1495–1555) forniva un considerabile autonomia local e un plus forte [[Dieta Imperial (Sacre Imperio Roman)|Dieta Imperial]].<ref>{{cite book|page=113 |last1=Härter |first1=Karl|chapter=The Early Modern Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (1495–1806): A Multi-Layered Legal System |title=Law and Empire: Ideas, Practices, Actors|editor1=Jeroen Duindam |editor2=Jill Diana Harries |editor3=Caroline Humfress |editor4=Hurvitz Nimrod |publisher=Brill|year=2013|isbn=978-90-04-24951-6|doi=10.1163/9789004249516_007}}</ref> Le [[Domo de Habsburg]] teneva le corona imperial de 1438 usque al morte de [[Carolo VI, Sacre Imperator Roman|Carolo VI]] in 1740. Post le [[Guerra de Succession Austrian]] e le [[Tractato de Aquisgrano (1748)|Tractato de Aquisgrano]], le filia de Carolo VI, [[Maria Theresa]], regnava como [[Regina consorte|imperatrice consorte]] quando su sposo, [[Francisco I, Sacre Imperator Roman|Francisco I]], deveniva imperator.<ref>{{cite book|page=[https://archive.org/details/culturespowereur00scot_130/page/n62 45]|title=Cultures of Power in Europe during the Long Eighteenth Century|editor1=Hamish Scott |editor2=Brendan Simms|year=2007 |url=https://archive.org/details/culturespowereur00scot_130|url-access=limited|isbn=978-1-139-46377-5 |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=British Museum|accessdate=15 March 2020|url=https://research.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?bioId=49231|title=Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia|archivedate=20 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620152726/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG111929|url-status=live}}</ref> A partir de 1740, le [[dualismo german]] inter le [[monarchia de Habsburg]] austrian e le [[Regno de Prussia]] dominava le historia german. In 1772, 1793, e 1795, Prussia e Austria, insimul con le [[Imperio Russe]], concordava le [[Partitiones de Polonia]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change |url=https://archive.org/details/historyeasterneu00bide_296 |url-access=limited |last1=Bideleux |first1=Robert |last2=Jeffries |first2=Ian |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyeasterneu00bide_296/page/n171 156]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Region, State and Identity in Central and Eastern Europe |last1=Batt |first1=Judy |last2=Wolczuk |first2=Kataryna |publisher=Routledge |year=2002 |page=153}}</ref> Durante le periodo del [[Guerras del Revolution Francese]], le [[era napoleonic]] e le subsequente [[Recesso Final del Reichsdeputation|reunion final del Dieta Imperial]], le major parte del [[Citates Imperial Libere]] esseva annexate per territorios dynastic; le territorios ecclesiastic esseva secularisate e annexate. In 1806 le {{lang|de|Imperium}} esseva dissolvite; Francia, Russia, Prussia, e le Habsburgos (Austria) competeva pro le hegemonia in le statos german durante le [[Guerras Napoleonic]].{{sfn|Fulbrook |1991|p= 97}} == Statos federal de Germania == * [[Baden-Württemberg]] * [[Basse Saxonia]] * [[Bavaria]] * [[Berlin]] * [[Brandeburgo]] * [[Bremen (stato)|Bremen]] * [[Hamburgo]] * [[Hesse]] * [[Mecklenburgo-Pomerania Occidental]] * [[Rhenania del Nord-Westfalia]] * [[Rhenania-Palatinato]] * [[Saarland]] * [[Saxonia]] * [[Saxonia-Anhalt]] * [[Schleswig-Holstein]] * [[Thuringia]] == Parlamento del Republica Federal == In le parlamento german il ha 736 membros, eligite omne quatro annos. Situation post le election del [[26 de septembre]] [[2021]]: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Gruppo politic ! Abbreviation ! Numero de membros |- | Partito Union Christian Democratic | CDU || align="right" | 197 |- | Partito Socialdemocrate German | SPD || align="right" | 206 |- |Partito Sinistre | Linke || align="right" | 39 |- | Partito Verde / Coalition 63 | G / B90 || align="right" | 118 |- | Partito Union Christian Social | CSU || align="right" | 45 |- | Alternative por Germania | AfD || align="right" | 80 |- | Partito Libere Democratic | FDP || align="right" | 92 |- | '''Total''' || || align="right" | '''736''' |} == Economia == == Demographia == Germania es un pais con un alte population pro area. Sequente un calculo de anno 2011 Germania ha 80.767.463 habitantes. In 2010 le habitante medie habeva un etate de 43,7 annos e in 2013 un femina medie habeva 1,41 infantes. Malgrado cuje Germania ha plus mortes como nascentias le population de Germania incerar per immigration. 74 million habitantes ha un burgesia de Germania e 20% ha un origine non german. == Cultura == == Sport == Le sport plus popular in Germania es [[football]]. Germania esseva quatro vices campion del mundo ([[1954]], [[1974]], [[1990]], [[2014]]) e duo vices le campionato del mundo del football eveniva in Germania ([[1974]] e [[2006]]). == Religion == Religiones de Germania del Est * 31,2 % - [[Catholicismo|catholicos roman]] * 30,8 % - [[Protestantismo|protestantes]] * 30,0 % - [[Atheismo|sin religion]] * 3,9 % - [[Musulman|islamitas]] (3,2 mio.). * 3,0 % - [[Ecclesia Orthodoxe|orthodoxes]] == Vide etiam == == Citates Principal == == Ligamines externe == {{refer}} <references group="lower-alpha"/> {{Statos federal de Germania}} {{UE}} {{elem|paises del mundo}} {{Paises de Europa}} [[Categoria:Germania|*]] clj0r02lmvin4380fwbmo5179i7f6fl 0 2573 697239 662962 2026-06-17T21:28:16Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo}} '''Ruby''' es un [[linguage de programmation]] create per [[Yukihiro Matsumoto]]. Ruby es un [[linguage interpretate]] pro un rapide e facile [[programmation orientate a objectos]]. Illo ha bon capabilitates pro tractar [[File|files]] de texto e pro gerer le incumbentias del [[systema de operation]]. Illo es simple, candide, extensibile, e portabile. Illo es un [[software libere]], isto que non significa solmente gratis, sed anque libere de usar, copiar, modificar e distribuer. == Ligamines externe == * http://www.ruby-lang.org/ * [http://www.meshplex.org/wiki/Ruby/Ruby_on_Rails_programming_tutorials Full Ruby on Rails Tutorial]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611121118/http://www.meshplex.org/wiki/Ruby/Ruby_on_Rails_programming_tutorials |date=2007-06-11 }} [[Categoria:Linguages de programmation]] [[Categoria:Linguages de programmation orientate a objectos]] 16l1kved5t244j6x7pd4ehf8p0znngd 0 3968 697237 645707 2026-06-17T21:17:48Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''Richard Matthew Stallman''' es un del figuras central del [[movimento de Software Libere]]. Su major accomplimentos como programmator include le editor de texto [[Emacs]], le compilator [[GCC]], e le depurator [[GDB]], sub le rubrica del Projecto [[GNU]]. Ma su influentia es major per le establimento de un marco de referentia moral, politic e legal pro le movimento de [[Software Libere]], como un alternativa al disveloppamento e distribution de [[software proprietari]]. Stallman nasceva in [[1953]] in [[Manhattan]], [[New York (citate)|New York]], [[Statos Unite de America|U.S.A]]. In 1971, quando ille esseva studente de prime anno in le [[Universitate Harvard]], Stallman se converteva in un [[hacker]] del Laboratorio de [[Intelligentia artificial|Inteligentia Artificial]] del [[MIT]]. In le [[1980]]s, le cultura hacker que constitueva le vita de Stallman comenciava a dissolver se sub le pression del commercialisation in le industria de software. In particular, altere hackers del mesme laboratorio fundava le compania [[Symbolics]], le qual tentava activemente reimplaciar le Software Libere del Laboratorio con su proprie software proprietari. Durante duo annos, desde [[1983]] a [[1985]], Stallman, laborante sol, duplicava le effortios del programmatores de Symbolics pro impedir les de acquirer un monopolio super le computatores del laboratorio. Verso iste tempore, nonobstante, ille esseva le ultime persona de su generation de hackers que remaneva in le laboratorio. Le firma Symbolics le exigeva de subsignar un [[accordo de non divulgation]] (in anglese: ''non-disclosure agreement'') e de committer certe actiones que ille considerava contra su principios. In [[1986]], Stallman publicava le [[Manifiesto GNU]], in le qual ille declarava su intentiones e motivationes pro crear un alternativa libere al systema de operation [[Unix]], le qual ille nominava [[GNU]] (GNU Non es Unix). Poc tempore depost, ille se incorporava como organisation non lucrative [[Fundation pro Software Libere]] pro coordinar le effortio. Ille inventava le concepto de [[copyleft]] le qual esseva utilisate in le [[GPL|Licentia Public General de GNU]] (cognoscite generalmente como le "GPL") in [[1989]]. Le majoritate del systema GNU, excepte le [[kernel]], se completava approximatemente al mesme tempore. In [[1991]], [[Linus Torvalds]] publicava le kernel [[Linux]] sub le terminos del GPL, creante un systema GNU complete e operational, le [[systema de operation]] GNU/Linux (generalmente appellate simplemente [[Linux]]). Le motivationes politic e moral de Richard Stallman le ha facite un figura controversial. Multe programmatores de influentia que concorda con le concepto de usar in commun le codice, se oppone al posturas moral o philosophia personal de Stallman, o al linguage que ille utilisa pro describer su positiones. Un resultato de iste disputas resultava in le establimento de un alternativa al [[movimento de Software Libere]], le [[movimento de codice aperte]]. Stallman ha recipite numerose premios e recognoscimentos pro su travalio, inter illos un membrato in le ''MacArthur Foundation'' in [[1990]], le ''Grace Hopper Award'' del ''Association for Computing Machinery'' in [[1991]] pro su travalio in le editor [[Emacs]] original, un doctorato honorari del ''Royal Institute of Technology'' de [[Svedia]] in [[1996]], le ''Pioneer award'' del ''Electronic Frontier Foundation'' in [[1998]], le ''Yuki Rubinski memorial award'' in [[1999]], e le ''Takeda award'' in [[2001]]. == Vide etiam == * [[Emacs]] * [[GCC]] * [[GNU]] * [[Linux]] == Ligamines externe == * [http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/ Paginas del philosophia del Projecto GNU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825004513/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/ |date=2011-08-25 }} * [http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=771%40mit-eddie.UUCP Annuncio original de GNU] [[Categoria:Gente statounitese|Stallman, Richard Matthew]] f2b3caekokrjub4rzu4mdc4baf4ai43 0 4646 697235 695996 2026-06-17T19:49:13Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revision}} {{eminente}}{{infobox/typo/entitate territorial administrative}} Le '''Pais Basse'''<ref>http://www.interlingua.com/ied/cerca?edit%5Bkeys%5D=Netherlands&op=Cerca&edit%5Bform_id%5D=your_form_id</ref>{{linfoX}} o '''Nederlandia''' (o etiam '''''Nederland''''', presto del nomine original, e sovente appellate '''Hollanda''', per [[antonomasia]] de su region le plus famose) es un [[Stato membro del Union Europee|stato membro]] de [[Union Europee]] que se trova in [[Europa]] Occidental. Illo es le plus grande pais constitutive del [[Regno del Paises Basse]] e su capital es [[Amsterdam]]. Nonobstante, le sede del governamento es in [[Le Haga]]. Le pais confina con le [[Mar del Nord]] al nord e west, con [[Belgica]] al sud e sudwest e con [[Germania]] in tote le parte oriental. Le [[lingua nederlandese]] es le [[lingua official|lingua national]], ma in [[Frisia]] le [[lingua frison]] es in uso official a nivello regional. == Historia == === Prehistoria === [[File:5500vc ex leg.jpg|thumb|left|Le Pais Basse in le [[VI millenio aEC|5500 aEC]]]] Le Pais Basse ha essite habitate desde le ultime glaciation; le plus antique vestigios trovate ha un antiquitate de 100&nbsp;000 annos, quando le pais habeva un climate de [[tundra]] con pauc vegetation. Su prime populatores esseva chassatores e collectores <ref name="historia">[http://www.holandalatina.com/historiav.htm Historia del Pais Basse], holandalatina.com, consultate le 24 de novembre 2009. {{Es}}</ref>. Al termino del etate de glacie, le area esseva habitate per alicun gruppos [[paleolithic]]. Un de illos fabricava canoas e ante isto, circa 8000 aEC, un tribo mesolithic habitava juxta [[Bergumermeer]] (Frisia). Le agricultura arrivava verso le anno 5000 aEC a transverso del cultura de [[potteria]] ma solo esseva practicate in le praterias del extreme sud del pais. Le collectores e chassatores del cultura Swifterbant es attestate desde le anno 5600 aEC. Illos disveloppava un societate agricole verso 4300-4000 aEC in le qual esseva conspicue le introduction de parve proportiones de granos in un economia traditional. Le prime restos notabile del prehistoria esseva le dolmenes, que ha essite trovate in le provincia de [[Drenthe]] e esseva probabilemente construite per gente del cultura de Funnelbeaker inter 4100 e 3200 aEC. Le prime evidentia del uso del rota es datate in torno al 2400 aEC e probabilemente es associate al cultura Bellbeaker. Iste cultura anque experimentava con cupro, de lo que alicun evidentia esseva trovate in le parco de [[Veluwe]]. Le discopertas de cupro demonstra le commercio con altere regiones, viste que le mineral de cupro non se trova naturalmente in le pais. Le [[Etate de Bronzo]] probabilemente comenciava circa 2000 aEC como in le tumba del ferrero de Wageningen. Post iste discoperta, plus objectos del etate de bronzo appareva como in Epe, in Drouwen e super toto in Drenthe que, considerante le quantitate de objectos trovate, indica que illo esseva le centro de commercio del epocha. Le ricchessa del Paises Basse in le Etate de Ferro pote esser vidite in le "Tumba del rege in Oss" (500 aEC), ibi un ver rege esseva interrate con alicun objectos como un spada de ferro con un gravure de auro e corallo in le major tumulo funerari de Europa Occidental, que habeva 52 m de amplitude. In le epocha del arrivate del romanos, le Pais Basse esseva habitate per varie tribos germanic, qui se habeva establite ibi circa 600 aC. Tribos celtic se establiva in le sud. Diverse germanos se establiva in le delta del [[Rheno]] al initio del [[occupation roman]] e formava le tribo del batavos. <!-- Revision linguistic necessari a partir de iste puncto; il ha un massa de hispanismos --> === Conquesta roman === [[File:REmpire-09 Germania Inferior.png|thumb|left|Le provincia roman de [[Germania Inferior]], [[120|120 dEC]].]] In le [[seculo 1|seculo I aEC]], le [[Imperio Roman]] conquireva le parte sud del pais, ubi creava le [[provincia Germania Inferior]]<ref name="historia"/>. Le romanos esseva le prime a construer [[citate]]s in le pais, como [[Utrecht]] (''Trajectum ad Rhenum''), [[Nimega]] (''Noviomagus'') e [[Maastricht]] (''Trajectum Mosae'')<ref>[http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Germania_Inferior Germania Inferior], absoluteastronomy.com, consultate le 29 de octobre 2009</ref>. Le parte nord, que esseva foras del Imperio roman e que esseva habitate per le frisios, esseva fortemente influentiate per su vicino del sud<ref name="historia"/>. Le relationes inter le romanos e le habitantes del pais esseva generalmente bon. Nonobstante isto no impediva le [[rebellion del batavos]] in le [[anno 69 aEC]] (un thema importante in le ''Historias'' de [[Tacito]]). Le populos germanic e roman se univa e formava tres populos: # le frisios sur le costa # le saxones in le est # le francos in le sud Le francos se converteva al [[christianismo]] post que su rege lo faceva in le anno 496 e le christianismo esseva introducite in le nord gratias al conquesta de Frisia per le francos. Le Pais Basse pertineva al [[Imperio Carolinge|Imperio]] de [[Carolo Magne]], cuje centro esseva in le actual [[Belgica]] e [[Francia]] del nord, e que se extendeva trans Francia, [[Germania]], [[Switza]], le nord de Italia e altere territorios de Europa occidental. In 843, con le [[Tractato de Verdun]], le Imperio esseva dividite in tres partes: Francia Occidental, Francia Oriental e Lotharingia. Posteriormente, iste regno central se divideva inter le regno de [[Burgundia]], [[Lorena]], e le duo altere regnos. Le region in qual le [[lingua hollandese]] vadeva disveloppar se alternava inter le zonas de influentia de Burgundia, Germania (Francia Oriental) e Francia (Francia Occidental). === Post Roma === [[File:Dürer karl der grosse.jpg|thumb|left|[[Carolo Magne]] secundo un illustration de [[Alberto Durero]] ([[1511]]).]] Le arrivate univase al habitantes original pro crear tres populos: le frisios vicin al costa, le saxones in le est e le francos in le sud<ref name="historia"/>. Le francos converteva se al christianismo post que su rege, Clodoveo I lo faceva in le anno 496 e assi le christianismo esseva introducite in le nord gratias al conquesta de Frisia per le francos. Le Pais Basse pertineva al imperio franco de Carolo Magne cuje nucleo trovava se in lo que hodie es Belgica e que se extendeva per le resto de Francia, Germania, nord de Italia e altere territorios de Europa occidental. In 843, con le Tractato de Verdun, le Imperio esseva dividite; le plus parte del territorios de parla nederlandese integrava se in Germania e Francia intentava incorporar Flandra sin successo<ref name="historia"/>. Inter le annos 800 e 1000 le Pais Basse suffreva le sacco del vikingos, su attaccos esseva multe violentos, commo in le destruction del citate de Dorestad. Ma la suprematia viking terminava in 920 quando le rege Enrique I de Germani liberava Utrecht. Le reges e imperatores german dominava le Pais Basse durante le seculos X e XI. Germania recipeva le denomination de Sacro Imperio Roman post le coronation de Oton I le Grande como imperator<ref>[http://www.portalplanetasedna.com.ar/sacro_imperio.htm Sacro Imperio Roman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229113959/http://www.portalplanetasedna.com.ar/sacro_imperio.htm |date=2011-12-29 }}, portalplanetasedna.com, consultate le 26 de novembre 2009</ref>. Nimega esseva le loco significative pro le imperatores german, varios de illos nasceva e moriva ibi. Le Cruciadas esseva popular in le Pais Basse e multe univa se pro vader luctar in Terra Sancta. Le Sacro Imperio Roman monstrava se incapace de mantener le unitate politic pro le crescente independentia del citates. Le governantes local transformava lor ducatos e contatos in regnos private e sentiva se pauc obligate a obedir al imperator. Un grande parte de lo que actualmente es le Pais Basse esseva governate per le conte de Hollanda, le duce de Groningen, le duce de Brabante e le episcopo de Utratch. In le nord, Frisia e Groninga manteneva lor independentia e esseva governate per un parve nobilitate. Groningen e Hollanda luctava pro le controlo de Utrecht. Pro su parte, Utrecht videva se marginate pro le continue difficultates que experientiava pro eliger nove episcopos, durante que le dynastias del statos vicin esseva plus stabile. Groningen, Drente e le plus parte de Groningen, que habeva formate parte de Utrecht, deveniva independente. Brabante tractava de conquirer su vicinos ma le intentos falleva. Hollanda anque intentava assecurar su suprematia in Zelandia e Frisia ma non teneva successo. In le nord, Frisia conservava su independentia in iste periodo. Illo habeva su proprie institutiones e opponeva se al imposition de un systema feudal que poteva se trovar in altere municipalitates europee, malgrado illo, le frisios perdeva su independentia quando esseva battite in 1498 pro le mercenari "landsknechte" german del duce Alberto de Saxonia-Meißen. [[File:philip the good.jpg|thumb|[[Philippo III de Borgonia]] "Le Bono", retractate per [[Roger van der Weyden]].]] === Burgundia === In 1433, le grande parte del territorio del Pais Basse e Belgica actual esseva unificate per [[Philippe III de Burgundia]]<ref>[http://retratosdelahistoria.lacoctelera.net/categoria/duques-lorena DUQUES DE GUISA: Genealogía] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918205417/http://retratosdelahistoria.lacoctelera.net/categoria/duques-lorena |date=2009-09-18 }}, retratosdehistoria.net, consultate le 24 de decembre 2009</ref>. Ante la union burgundie, le nederlandeses se identificava con lor citates, lor contatos local o como subjectos del [[Sacre Imperio Roman]]. Il esseva durante iste epocha burgundie que comenciava a apparer inter le nederlandeses un conscientia como [[nation]]. Le nobiles principal de Hollanda invitava al duce a conquirer iste pais. Amsterdam cresceva e in le [[seculo 15|seculo XV]] illo esseva le principal porto commercial europee gratias al grano del region baltic. Geldria se opponeva al dominio de Burgundia e essayava crear su proprie stato in le nord del Pais Basse e nord-west de Germania. Pro carentia de moneta, Geldria instrueva a su soldatos de spoliar le territorios inimic. Iste soldatos deveniva un grande menacia pro le Pais Basse burgundie. Geldria esseva alliate con Francia, [[Anglaterra]] e [[Danmark]], que voleva le fin del prosperitate de Flandra e le dominio burgundie sur le Pais Basse. === Paises Basse del Habsburgo === [[File:Emperor charles v.png|thumb|Le imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]], soverano del Pais Basse, ubi nasceva.]] Pro hereditage e conquesta le pais arrivava a esser in possession del dynastia del Habsburgo sub Carlos V in le seculo XVI, qui unificava los in un sole stato<ref>[http://www.diomedes.com/carlosv_4.htm CARLOS GOBERNADOR DE LOS PAISES BAJOS], diomedes.com, consultate le 14 de decembre 2009</ref>. Le est de Hollanda sole esseva occupate un decades ante del lucta del nederlandeses pro su independentia. Nonobstante, in [[1548]], octo annos ante de su abdication del throno, le Imperator Carlos V garantiva le stato del Dece-sete Provincias de Hollanda como un entitate separate del Imperio e de Francia. Iste Pragmatica Sanction de 1549 non esseva independentia plena, sed permitteva un autonomia significative. Al Imperator Carlos succedeva le su filio Philipe II de Espania<ref>[http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/aboutFelipeII.htm FELIPE II], tudorplace.com, consultate le 14 de decembre 2009</ref>. A differentia de su patre, Philippe II non habeva crescite in le Pais Basse e le nobilitate local le considerava indifferente verso su stato. Como catholico devoto, non ille esseva discontente con le successo del [[Reformation]]. Su actiones in le Pais Basse (reinfortiar le persecution religiose, centralisar le governamento, le justitia e le impostos) le faceva impopular e conduceva a un revolta. Le nederlandeses luctava pro su independentia de Espania, lo que originava le Guerra del Octanta Annos (1568-1648). Sete provincias univa se in le Union de Utrecht in 1579 e formava le Republica del Sete Paises Basse Unite<ref>[http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~wggerman/map/unionofutrecht.htm Union of Utrecht], rootsweb.ancestry.com, consultate le 14 de decembre 2009</ref>. === Republica Nederlandese (1581-1795) === [[File:Seven United Netherlands Janssonius 1658.jpg|thumb|Mappa del [[Provincias Unite del Pais Basse]].]] Guillermo I de Orange, le fundator del familia regal nederlandese, dirigeva al hollandese durante le prime parte del guerra. Le prime annos esseva un successo pro le armeas espaniol. Nonobstante, le rege de Espania perdeva del controlo del Paises Basse post que le soldatos de Philipo II spoliava Amberes e occideva a un grande numero de habitantes. Le catholic conservator del sud e del est appoiava al espanioles, que reconquireva Amberes e altere citates flaminge e hollandese. Finalmente, le plus parte del Paises Basse esserea sub le dominio espaniol ma Flandra esserea libere<ref> Isto habeva como resultato le separation historic inter le Pais Basse e Flandra.</ref>. Multe flamingos fugiva a Hollanda. Le guerra continuava 60 annos plus sed le affrontamento principal habeva terminate. Le Pace de Westfalia, firmate le 30 de januario 1648, confirmava la independentia del Provincias Unite de Espania e Germania. Le hollandese non considerava se como germanos desde le [[seculo XV]], ma esseva parte de Germania usque 1648. Le identitate national formava se pro le provincia del que procedeva le plus parte del population. Como Hollanda esseva le provincia le plus importante, le Republica del Septe Provincias esserea cognoscite como Hollanda in le altere paises. Le barcas hollandese chassava balenas in le costa de Svalbard, commerciava con species in India e Indonesia e fundava colonias in Nove Amsterdam (hodie New York), [[Africa del Sud]] e le Indias Oriental Nederlandese. Le major colonia nederlandese in le estraniero esseva le Colonia del Capo. Establite per Jan van Riebeeck, in nomine del Compania Hollandese del Indias Oriental, in Citate del Capo in 1652. Le Principe de Orange acquireva le controlo del Colonia del Capo in 1788. Alicun colonias portugese esseva conquirite, principalmente in le nord-est de Brasil, Angola, Indonesia e Ceilan. Pro isto le seculo XVII es nominate como le Etate de Auro del Pais Basse. Como esseva un republica illes esseva plus governate per un aristocratia de commissos urban, nominate regentes, que per un rege. Le Statos General, con su representantes de tote le provincias, decideva le questiones importante per tote le Republica. [[File:VOC amsterdam building.JPG|thumb|Sede del [[Compania Hollandese del Indias Occidental]].]] === Regno del Pais Basse === [[File:Carte Hollande 1843.jpg|thumb|Mappa del Pais Basse in 1843 post le independentia del [[Belgica]].]] Le territorio del Pais Basse esseva incorporate al Prime Imperio Francese sub le conduction de Napoleon I desde 1810 usque 1814. Post formava se un Regno del Pais Basse que includeva le actual Belgica e Luxemburgo. Le Congresso de Vienna occasionava duo importante cambios: le controlo colonial sur Indonesia esseva perdite e le nord e sud del Pais Basse unificava se. Le tensiones inter le nord e le sud inter altere causas pro le differentias religiose, provocava que in 1830 le belgas declarava se independente e ben que le rege Guillermo I de Germania inviava truppas, le mobilisation del franceses pro le belgas le faceva desister de qualcunque affrontamento. Solo octo annos plus tarde recognosceva se le independentia de Belgica. Le ascension del regina Guillermina al throno in 1890 significava le separation de istos e Luxemburgo, proque le titulo de Grande Duce non poteva esser hereditate per un femina. Durante le seculo XIX le pais tardava in industrialisar se in comparation con Germania e Francia. === Guerras mundial === Le Pais Basse esserea neutral in le [[Prime Guerra Mundial]]<ref>Abbenhuis, Maartje M. The Art of Staying Neutral. Amsterdam: Amsterdam UP, 2006.</ref>. Le invasion german de Belgica faceva que quasi un million de belgas fugiva in le Pais Basse. Proque le pais esseva cingite de paises in conflicto, le commercio non esseva secur e le rationamento esseva facite durante le guerra. Post 1918, le situation tornava al normalitate. Le [[Grande Depression]] habeva effectos multe negative in le economia nederlandese. Como le governamento de Henrik Colijn non cambiava su politica economic, le Pais Base tardava plus que altere paises europee in recuperar se del crises. Quando le nazis acquireva le poter, le nederlandese pensava que illos respectarea le neutralitate del Pais Basse. Con le [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]], le pais declarava su neutralitate sed le [[10 de maio]] [[1940]] le germanos lanceava un attacco contra le Pais Base e Belgica e conquireva le plus parte del pais in pauc tempo. Le [[15 de maio]] le Pais Basse capitulava. Le familia Regal fugiva al Regno Unite o a [[Ottawa]]. Le japoneses invadeva le Indias Oriental Nederlandese le [[11 de januario]] [[1942]] e le nederlandeses rendeva se le [[8 de maio]] post le disbarcamento japonese in Java. Nonobstante, multe naves nederlandese attingeva Australia, desde ubi luctava contra le japoneses. Le hiberno de 1944-45 esseva multe dur, con fame e memorate in le historia nederlandese con le nomine de ''Hongerwinter'' (hiberno del fame)<ref>[http://www.inghist.nl/overview/history/es/1914tot1966,1940-1945.html Le Secunde Guerra Mundial], inghist.nl, consultate le 29 de januario 2010</ref>. In maio 1945, le Germania nazi claudicava e firmava le rendition ante le nederlandese in Wageningen. === Desde 1945 === [[File:Rotterdam, Laurenskerk, na bombardement van mei 1940.jpg|thumb|left|[[Rotterdam]] post le attacco german in [[1940]].]] Post le guerra, le economia nederlandese prosperava e le pais esseva membro fundator del [[Communitate Europee del Carbon e del Aciero]] (CECA) in [[1951]], le qual conduceva in [[1957]] al fundation del Communitate Economic Europee. Jam in [[1944]] [[Belgica]], Nederlandia e [[Luxemburg]] comenciava un gruppo de cooperation sub le nomine de Benelux (BElgië-NEderland-LUXemburg), que in [[1958]] conduceva a un union economic. Le Tractato del Union Europee o Tractato de Maastricht es cognoscite proque illo esseva firmate in le citate nederlandese de Maastricht. In 1953 le pais suffreva un le pejo catastrophes natural de su historia. In le nocte del 2 de februario multe partes del provincia de Zelanda esseva inundate pro le ruptura de multe dicas del sud-west de pais, causante le morte de 1800 personas. Desde isse momento, comenciava le Plan Delta pro construer multe dicas e operas civil pro le retention del aquas del Mar del Nord. Sed le operas que debeva proteger le provincia de Zelanda non finiva usque finales del [[seculo XX]]. Le creation del Benelux essera le initio del [[Communitate Economic Europee]] post le firma del Tractatos de Roma in 1957 pro lo que le Pais Basse es considerate pais fundator de iste organisation. Durante le annos [[1970]] le crise del petroleo faceva que le differente governamentos crearea un fronte con cambios in le politica economic, creante un exemplo de crescimento. In 1980 le regna Juliana abdicava in su filia Beatriz. == Geographia == === Geographia physic === [[File:Nl-map-10-10-10.png|thumb|Mappa del Pais Basse.]] Le nomine del pais ''Nederlanden'' (Terras Basse) debe se a que un parte del nord e west del territorio del pais trova se sub le nivello del mar. Al sud-est del pais extende se le nominate Pais alte superior, que eleva se un pauc sur le nivello del mar. Un complexe systema de escolamento de aqua, cuje construction initiava se in le epocha medieval ha permittite incrementar le superficie del pais in plus de un 20%. Sin un escolamento constante la medietate del Pais Basse esserea inundate pro le mar e pro le fluvios que crucia le pais como le Rhin que imbucca in Rotterdam, lo que ha facite de iste citate le porto de plus traffico de Europa. Junctemente con le Rhin il ha altere duo fluvios que divide le pais in duo partes: le [[Maas (fluvio)|Maas]] e le Waal. Le puncto plus alte del pais trova se in Vaalserberg, in le provincia de Limburg e ha un altitude de 321 metros sur le nivello del mar<ref>[http://home.planet.nl/~veenhh/borderland/nederland/pa-extremes.htm Extreme points of the Netherlands], consultate le 5 de octobre 2008.</ref>. ==== Plan Delta ==== [[File:Satellite image of the Netherlands in May 2000.jpg|thumb|Imagine de satellite del Pais Basse (6 de maio 2000).]] Durante le inundation del mar del Nord de 1953, le fissura in le dica causava le morte a 1835 personas, e fortiava le evacuation de altere 70000 ultra esser destruite 4500 edificationes. Pro evitar que un catastrophe assi se repite, un ambitiose projecto esseva create, le Plan Delta (''Deltawerken'') que univa le imbuccaturas del Rhin e del [[Maas (fluvio)|Maas]]. Le opera plus importante del complexo es le Oosterscheldekering que es considerate un del sete meravilias del mundo moderne secundo le Societate American de Ingenieros Civil. De plus, le Pais Basse es un del paises que plus suffre le cambio climatic. Non solo es un problema le inundationes producite per le mar, jam que un disbordamento del fluvios anque poterea esser multe periculose. ==== Climate ==== Le bioma primigene es le bosco temperate foliate. Secundo WWF, le practica totalitate del pais pertine al ecoregion denominate bosco mixte atlantic, minus le extremo sud-est, que corresponde al bosco de frondosas de Europa occidental. Le ventos del west, specialmente in hiberno es forte, le pluvias copiose e le temperaturas moderate<ref>[http://geografia.laguia2000.com/climatologia/paises-bajos-clima-y-vegetacion Países Bajos: climate y vegetación], geografia.laguia2000.com, consultate de 11 de februario 2010</ref>. Le sequente tabulas monstra le variationes del climate in le pais: <center> {| class="wikitable" ! ''Mense'' ! Jan ! Feb ! Mar ! Apr ! Mai ! Jun ! Jul ! Aug ! Sep ! Oct ! Nov ! Dic |- | ''Media de temp max (°C)'' | 4 | 5 | 10 | 13 | 18 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 19 | 14 | 9 | 5 |- |''Media de temp min (°C)'' | -1 | -1 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 1 |- |''Media de temp. (°C)'' | 1,5 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 13 | 16 | 18 | 17,5 | 15 | 11 | 6 | 3 |} </center> <center> {| class="wikitable" ! ''Mense'' ! Jan ! Feb ! Mar ! Apr ! Mai ! Jun ! Jul ! Aug ! Sep ! Oct ! Nov ! Dic |- | ''Media de precipitation (mm)'' | 68 | 53 | 44 | 49 | 52 | 58 | 77 | 87 | 72 | 72 | 70 | 64 |- |''Humiditate relative (%)'' | 86 | 83 | 76 | 70 | 67 | 67 | 72 | 74 | 77 | 81 | 87 | 88 |} </center> === Divisiones administrative === {{AP|Provincia del Pais Basse}} Le pais ha dece-duo provincias: [[Frisia]] (''Fryslân'' in frison, ''Friesland'' in nederlandese), [[Groningen (provincia)|Groningen]], [[Drenthe]], [[Overijssel]], [[Geldria]] (''Gelderland''), [[Hollanda del Nord]] (''Noord-Holland''), [[Hollanda del Sud]] (''Zuid-Holland''), [[Flevoland]], [[Utrecht (provincia)|Utrecht]], [[Zelandia]] (''Zeeland''), [[Brabantia del Nord]] (''Noord-Brabant'') e [[Limburgia (Pais Basse)|Limburgia]] (''Limburg''). Le [[densitate de population]] del Pais Basse es multo alte. Tres municipalitates del Pais Basse es situate in le [[Indias Occidental]], a saper [[Bonaire]], [[Sint Eustatius]] e [[Saba]] (cognoscite tamben como le Insulas BES o le [[Pais Basse Caribe]]). Tres altere territorios—[[Curaçao]], [[Aruba]] e le [[Sancte Martin (parte nederlandese)|parte nederlandese]] de [[Sancte Martin]]—es constitutionalmente equal al Pais Basse sub le regina nederlandese. == Governamento e politica == [[File:Mark Rutte-6.jpg|thumb|Le Prime Ministro Mark Rutte.]] Le Pais Basse es un [[monarchia]] [[constitution]]al. Su politicas [[liberalismo|liberal]] es multe cognoscite sur le consummation de [[droga]]s, le [[prostitution]] e le [[euthanasia]]. Le politicas de su governamento es characterisate per un effortio de attinger un grande consenso in decisiones importante, intra le communitate politic e le societate in su totalitate. Le Stato se characterisa per reformar institutiones como le familia e permitter con illo le entrata de nove manieras de conviventia social como le matrimonio inter personas del mesme sexo, la [[transexualitate|transsexualitate]], le prostitution, le clonation, le euthanasia e le utilisation de drogas recreational. Intra su conformation politic, le monarcha es le chef de stato. Illa nomina un persona a formar un nove governamento post un election o crise de governamento; iste persona deveni per iste procedura prime ministro e chef de governamento. Le poter legislative es representate per le Parlamento (Stato General), le qual ha duo cameras de representation legislative. Le poter judicial es representate per un systema de cortes, al testa de quales es le Alte Consilio (corte supreme) del Pais Basse in [[le Haya]]. In le mesme urbe es ubicate le [[Corte International de Justitia]] e le [[Corte Penal International]]. Le Assembleas Provincial es anque selectionate per suffragio directe. Le pais es regite secundo le Statuto del Regno de 1954 e le Constitution de 1815, le qual ha essite reformate multe vices. Le suffragio masculin esseva implantate in 1917 e le universal, in 1919. == Institutiones e organismos == Le pais es sede del Corte International de Justitia. De plus, in Den Haag trova se un del institutiones del Union Europee, Europol. == Relationes externe == Le politica externe del Pais Basse es centrate in le defensa del interesses del regno e es presidite per le desiro de fomentar le pace, le libertate, le ben-esser e le ordine juridic international. Illo disveloppa se in grande mesura in le decisiones del Nationes Unite, le Union Europee e le Organisation del Tractato del Atlantico Nord. Illo esseva un del fundatores del ONU, le OTAN, le Communitate Europee, le FMI, le Banco Mundial e le Union Europee Occidental. == Economia == [[File:Eurozone.svg|thumb|Nederlandia pertine al Eurozona.]] Le Pais Basse es un del plus disveloppate economias del mundo. In le anno [[2005]] su PIB cresceva 1,5%, con un renta per capita de $30&nbsp;300. Le 79% del fortia laboral labora in le sector tertiari, 17% in le industria e 2% in le [[agricultura]]. In [[2005]] le rata de disoccupation esseva de 6,6% e le povressa, de 0,5%<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/nl.html#Econ Datos compilate per le CIA (Economia)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314042458/https://www.cia.gov/cia//publications/factbook/geos/nl.html#Econ |date=2007-03-14 }}.</ref>. Le economia es recognoscite pro su alto grado de competitivitate, situate in le octavo posto del tabula mundial. Le commercio representa plus del 80% de su PIB e si se summa su importationes e exportationes, malgrado que su population ha un peso relative del 0,22% in le population mundial, su commercio equivale al 4% del total. In [[2006]], le porto de [[Rotterdam]] esseva le septime plus grande in terminos de TEU. In le nord, cerca de Slochteren, es locate uno del campos de gas natural le plus grandes del mundo<ref>[http://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/home/ Port of Rotterdam - Home], portofrotterdam.com, Consultate le 5 de octobre 2008</ref>. Usque hodie le exploitation de iste campo donava un ingresso de 159 mille milliones de euros desde le annos 1970. Con un pauc plus del medietate del reservationes consumite e attendente un subite continuate del precios del petroleo, attende se ingressos durante le proxime decades. == Demographia == [[File:BevolkinsdichtheidNederland.png|thumb|Densitate de population in le Pais Basse in 2006.]] [[File:Netherlands-demography.png|thumb|Evolution demographic del Pais Basse.]] In le anno, Nederlandia habeva un population de 16.570.000 e un PIB de 30.174€ per capita. Le lingua official es le nederlandese e le sperantia de vita de {{formatnum:79.1}} annos. Le 99% del population es alphabetisate es preenta un del densitate de population le plus alta del mundo, con 399.494 hab/km2<ref>[http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/themas/bevolking/cijfers/extra/bevolkingsteller.htm?languageswitch=on Population counter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222015305/http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/themas/bevolking/cijfers/extra/bevolkingsteller.htm?languageswitch=on |date=2010-12-22 }}, cbs.nl, consultate le 11 de februario 2010</ref>. De 1950 a 2000, le population incrementava se de 10 a 15.9 milliones de habitantes, ma le rhythmo de crescimento del population esseva plus lente in comparation con le anterior 50 annos. Le estimation del crescimento actual es del 0.412%, con un media de filios per femina de {{formatnum:1.66}}<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nl.html Europe :: Netherlands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515122703/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nl.html |date=2020-05-15 }}, cia.gov, consultate le 11 de februario 2010</ref>. Le governamento incoragiava le emigration post le Secunde Guerra Mundial, jam que timeva un superpopulation del territorio. Cerca de medio million de personas abandonava le pais ma le numero de immigrantes proveniente principalmente del Antillas Nederlandese, Turchia, Surinam e Marocco ha superate le numero de emigrantes in le ultime annos. Le composition ethnic actual es le sequente<ref>[http://www.cbs.nl/NR/rdonlyres/CCD504EA-9D41-40C2-AE28-BFB0A51C2045/0/2005k3b15p096art.pdf Demografie van de allochtonen in Nederland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009222941/https://www.cbs.nl/NR/rdonlyres/CCD504EA-9D41-40C2-AE28-BFB0A51C2045/0/2005k3b15p096art.pdf |date=2018-10-09 }} (en neerlandés).</ref>: * 80,9% nederlandese * 2,4% [[Indonesia|indonesian]] * 2,4% [[Germania|germanos]] * 2,2% [[Turchia|turcos]] * 2,0% [[Surinam]]eses * 1,9% [[Marocco|marocchinos]] * 0,8% [[Antillas Nederlandese|antillanos]] e [[aruba]]nos * 6,0% altere === Urbanisation === Le pais es densemente populate, ben que le citates sia modeste in grandor comparate con altere paises europee o mundial. Illos non ha multe grandor, ma le grado de urbanisation medio de istas es multe alto. Le capital e le citate plus grande es [[Amsterdam]], ben que le governamento es localisate in Den Haag. Durante que le capital generalmente es definite como le citate ubi habita le sede del governamento, in iste caso nemo nominarea nunquam Den Haag como capital, ben que es cognoscite como le "capital legal del mundo". === Randstad === [[File:Randstad.png|thumb|left|Mappa schematic del [[Randstad (region)|Randstad]].]] [[File:Gemeenten alles 1400px.gif|thumb|Urbanisation in le Pais Basse.]] Le Randstad es le nomine que recipe le plus grande area metropolitan del Pais Basse, un del plus grande de Europa<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/document/63/0,3343,en_2649_33735_38267583_1_1_1_1,00.html OECD Territorial Reviews: Randstad Holland, Netherlands], oecd.org, consultate le 11 de februario 2010</ref> . Il ha que distinguer inter le region metropolitan de Randstad, con un population circa {{formatnum:6.5}} milliones de habitantes (40% del Pais Basse) e le Region de Radstad (un association socio-economic) que collecta circa {{formatnum:7.6}} milliones de habitantes (quasi le medietate del population del pais)<ref>[http://www.regiorandstad.com/index.php Regio Randstad Brussel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619223722/http://www.regiorandstad.com/index.php|date=2009-06-19}}, [[Randstad (región)|Randstad]], consultate le 1 de martio 2010</ref>. Ambe extende se per le provincias de [[Hollanda del Nord]], [[Utrecht (provincia)|Utrecht]] e [[Flevoland]]. === Dece citates le plus populate === Le dece citates con plus habitantes del pais es:<ref>[http://www.geonames.org/NL/largest-cities-in-netherlands.html Netherlands - Largest Cities], geonames.org, consultate le 11 de februario 2010</ref> # [[Amsterdam]]: {{formatnum:761395}} habitantes (31 de maio 2009). # [[Rotterdam]]: {{formatnum:598199}} habitantes. # [[Le Haga]]: {{formatnum:474292}} habitantes. # [[Utrecht]]: {{formatnum:299484}} habitantes (31 de decembre 2008). # [[Eindhoven]]: {{formatnum:209620}} habitantes. # [[Tilburgo]]: {{formatnum:199613}} habitantes. # [[Groninga]]: {{formatnum:181194}} habitantes. # [[Almere]]: {{formatnum:176432}} habitantes. # [[Breda]]: {{formatnum:167673}} habitantes. # [[Nimega]]: {{formatnum:161675}} habitantes (31 de decembre 2008). === Multiculturalismo === In le Pais Basse del ultime annos, como altere statos del Union Europee, on ha vidite un grande debatto re le multiculturalismo. Estima se que circa le 21% del population ha un o duo patres nascite al exterior. In Rotterdam, un tertie del habitantes nasceva fora del pais e le tassa de fecunditate es superior al limine de reimplaciamento, tanto que in le scholas elemental duo de cata tres infantes es immigrante o filio de immigrantes. Illo ha essite calculate que, con le tendentia actual, in 2015 le islam essera le region predominante in le citate. == Cultura == Durante le periodo gothic e le Renascentia, le Pais Basse comenciava a experimentar un disveloppamento artistic notabile. In le plano intellectual, [[Erasmo de Rotterdam]], nascite in le Pais Basse, habeva multe influentia in le vita cultural de su pais e de Europa durante le [[seculo 16|seculo XVI]]. In su honor, le Premio Erasmus es premiate desde 1958 in le campos del humanitates, scientias social e le artes. In le seculo XVII, durante le periodo cognoscite como "Etate de Auro nederlandese", le influentia cultural del pais habeva su puncto plus alte. Inter le figuras nederlandese plus eminente de iste epocha esseva Christiaan Huygens e Baruch Spinoza. De plus, habeva estranieros que viveva in le pais gratias al ambiente de tolerantia, como le francese René Descartes o le anglese John Locke. Le pais es cognoscite pro su molinos de vento, su scarpas de madera, tulipanes, bicyclettas e tolerantia social. === Linguas === {{AP|Lingua nederlandese}} Le [[lingua official]] del pais es le [[Lingua nederlandese|nederlandese]]. Illo es anque parlate in [[Suriname]] e [[Flandra]]. Le [[lingua frison]] es tamben in uso official in [[Frisia]] e illo es parlate per 453.000 personas<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html CIA World Factbook: Official languages per country] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307124031/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html |date=2014-03-07 }}, cia.gov, consultate le 17 de septembre 2008</ref>. * Varie dialectos del basso saxon nederlandese es parlate in le nord-est del pais e es recognoscite per le nederlandese como linguas regional secunde le Carta Europee del Linguas Regional o Minoritari. Illos es parlate per 1.798.000 personas. * Altere dialecto nederlandese es le limburgese, parlate in le sud-est del provincia de Limburg per 825.000 personas<ref>Welschen, Ad: Course ''Dutch Society and Culture'', International School for Humanities and Social Studies ISHSS, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 2000-2005.</ref>. Illo es traditional in le pais parlar altere linguas, le 70% del population ha un cognoscentia alte del anglese, inter le 55 e 59% parla germano e circa le 19% parla francese. === Litteratura === {{AP|Litteratura nederlandese}} Le scriptor hollandese le plus cognoscite es sin dubita [[Anne Frank]], cuje [[diario]] ha essite traducite in plus de 70 linguas. Altere scriptores hollandese moderne include [[Multatuli]], [[Willem Frederik Hermans]], [[Gerard Reve]] e [[Harry Mulisch]]. Le litteratura hollandese "classic" (essentialmente del [[seculo 17|seculo XVII]]) include le obras de [[Joost van den Vondel|Vondel]], [[Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft|Hooft]], [[Jacob Cats|Cats]], [[Gerbrand Adriaenszoon Bredero|Bredero]] e [[Constantin Huygens|Huygens]]. === Pictura === Le pictura baroc nederlandese es burgese, dominante le themas de paisage, portraits e vita quotidian, con le figura de Rembrandt como su melior exponente. In iste "Etate de Oro nederlandese" del seculo XVII anque destacava Johannes Vermeer, Frans Hals e ante Hieronymus Bosch. In seculos plus recente, le pais ha producite pictores eminente como Vincent van Gogh o Piet Mondrian. Le abstraction de Mondrian elaborava se a partir de la reticula cubista, a la que progressivemente reduceva a tractos horizontal e vertical que incera planos de color pur. Pro su simplification, le linguage del neoplasticismo. In le periodo de interguerras, Theo van Doesburg, dispues de haber essite un del principal defensores del neoplasticismo, renovava de maniera decisive le arte abstracte al mantener que le creation artistic solo poteva esser sometite a regulas logic. === Education === [[File:Dutch Education System-en.svg|thumb|left|Differente nivellos de education in le Pais Basse.]] Le education es dividite in scholas e in differente gruppos de etate intra illo, alicun de istos con differente nivellos educative. Le scholas pote esser public o religiose. Le Informe PISA, que es coordinate pro le Organisation pro le Cooperation e le Disveloppamento Economic, collocava in le none posto del ranking de education mundial al Pais Basse in 2008, obtenite un crescimento considerabile in le media del Organisation<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf Range of rank on the PISA 2006 science scale], Organisation pro le Cooperation e le Disveloppamento Economic, consultate le 18 de septembre 2008</ref>. Le education elemental ha desde le 4 al 12 annos. Desde iste etate on pote eliger un education preparatori de nivello medie (duo annos), le education general continuate (tres annos) o le education scientific preparatori (quatro annos). Un vice finite iste studios, on pote opta pro facer le education tertiari inter las que es includite le universitates. Un vice terminate, on pote facer un maestria que es finite con 22 annos pro post comenciar laborar. Tote le universitates, minus le universitate de Nyenrode, recipe financiation del stato. Le universitates de Amsterdam, Leiden, Utrecht e Delft es inter le 100 melior del mundo. === Gastronomia === [[File:Snert.jpg|thumb|Le ''[[Erwtensoep]]'' es le platto national.]] Le cocina characterisa se pro le consummation de grande quantitates de pan e patatas. Illo es multe popular un toast coperite con butyro, le ''beschuit'', que es consumite in le jentaculo, con differente sapores e que es usate in differente celebrationes. Anque es cognoscite un del plattos nacional le ''Erwtensoep'' que es un suppa de pisos. Illos es popular le caseos como le Gouda, Edam e Leyden. Multe citates ha lor proprie caseos. Anque on pote destaccar le sandwich de haringo (''broodje haring''). Su dulce plus appreciate es le biscuites replenate de sirop nominate ''Stroopwafels''. === Religion === Post le [[reforma protestante|reforma]] del [[seculo 16|seculo XVI]], le pais se divideva in un parte catholic e un altere protestante. Le protestantes ha varie brancas como le [[calvinismo|calvinistas]], le [[ecclesias reformate|ecclesia reformate]] e le [[lutheranismo|lutheranos]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061001235320/http://www.minbuza.nl/es/sobrelospaisesbajos/general El país en breve], Ministerio holandés de Asuntos Exteriores, consultate le 11 de septembre 2008</ref>. In 2005, le 27% del population nederlandese esseva christian catholic, e un 16,6% esseva christian protestante. Un 5% es islamic e un parve percentage, judee. Un 48% del population no es religiose<ref>[http://www.wrr.nl/dsc?c=getobject&s=obj&!sessionid=1rhoUlCp3M4eGxJh@OuGEX@lW9pz8@H1!f8xG1jmf1WBRze8Ga59bo5Wz8ZWno7p&objectid=3840&!dsname=default&isapidir=/gvisapi/ Geloven in het publieke domein, Wetenschappelijke Raad voor het Regeringsbeleid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811080512/http://www.wrr.nl/dsc?c=getobject&s=obj&!sessionid=1rhoUlCp3M4eGxJh@OuGEX@lW9pz8@H1!f8xG1jmf1WBRze8Ga59bo5Wz8ZWno7p&objectid=3840&!dsname=default&isapidir=/gvisapi/ |date=2011-08-11 }}, WRR, consultate le 29 de octobre 2010</ref><ref> [http://www.wrr.nl/content.jsp?objectid=3840]</ref>. Post le attaccos terrorista le citatanos nederlandese vide le islam como un menacia e la presentia de musulmanes como alicun disagradabile, ben que desde 2006 illos es minus negative con le presentia de musulmanes. Isto es pro non haber existite attaccos in iste tempo e proque ha plus contacto inter musulmanes e non musulmanes<ref>[http://www.webislam.com/?idn=12870 Hollandese modifica postura ante musulmanes], Webislam.com, consultate le 11 de septembre 2008 {{es}}</ref>. === Sport === [[File:Johan Cruijff golfer cropped.jpg|thumb|left|[[Johan Cruyff]], succedite jocator que esseva eligite como un del melior footballistes del historia.]] Un del sports plus importante del pais es le cyclismo. Jan Janssen e Joop Zoetemelk es le unic nederlandese que ha ganiate le traditional Tour de Francia de plus illos ha triumphate in le Campeonato del Mundo de Cyclismo e in le Jocos Olympic<ref>[http://elmundodeporte.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/especiales/2005/07/tour_francia/historia/palmares.html Palmarés], Diario El Mundo, Consultate le 17 de septembre 2008</ref>. Altere cyclista Leontien Van Moorsel tamben ha triumphate in le Jocos Olympic e ha vincite campionatos mundial. Anque merita mention le campiones del Jocos Olympic e del campionatos del mundo Hennie Kuiper, Jan Raas e Gerrie Knetemann. Le football es altere branca sportive multe popular. Illo ha tres clubs grande local e internationalmente le Ajax Amsterdam, le Feyenoord Rotterdam e le PSV Eindhoven. Istos attingeva esser campiones europee in lor historia, ma solmente le Ajax e le Feyenoord lograva esser campiones mundial de clubs. Le Pais Basse anque ha tenite ballones de auro como Johan Cruyff (tres vices), Ruud Gullit e Marco van Basten (altere tres vices)<ref>[http://www.abc.es/hemeroteca/historico-13-12-2004/abc/Deportes/palmares-del-balon-de-oro_963946714888.html Palmarés del Balón de Oro], ABC, Consultate le 17 de septembre 2008</ref> . Le unic titulo del Selection de football del Pais Basse es le Eurocopa 1988, celebrate in Germania Federal. Illa esseva campion del mundo in 1974, 1978 e 2010. Le tennis anque ha tenite su successos, ma illo non ha tante importantia como le altere duo sports. Richard Krajicek es le unic hollandese que ganiava le Grand Slam, concretemente le Campionato de Wimbledon, in 1996. Le hockey super herba es anque un del brancas sportive plus importante a nivello mundial. Le selection feminin de hockey ganiava le campionato mundial sex vices e le masculin, duo. Anque destcca pro su natatores e records mundial como Inge de Bruijn, ganiator de 8 medalias olympic inter 2000 e 2004, 4 de auro, de plus de batter 10 records mundial, Pieter van den Hoogenband 3 vices campion olympic, 14 vices campion europee e 43 campion national, Marleen Veldhuis, que habeva le record mundial de 50 metros libere assi como le de 4x100 libere<ref>[http://espndeportes.espn.go.com/news/story?id=712484&s=oli&type=story Se despide un grande], ESPN Deportes, Consultate le 17 de septembre 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.emol.com/noticias/deportes/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=248862 Natación: De Bruijn annuncia su retiro definitive], Emol, Consultate le 17 de septembre 2008</ref>. In altere sports como le athletismo destacca Ellen van Langen ganiator del 800 metros plan in le Jocos Olympic de Barcelona 1992 ma super toto Fanny Blankers-Koen, quatro vice medalia de auro in le Jocos Olympic de Londres 1948. In equitation Anky van Grunsven ha obtenite octo medalias olympic in le disciplina de doma classic. In le artes martial es un pais con un amplia tradition de luctatores de kickboxing como Peter Aerts, Ernesto Hoost, Remy Bonjasky o Semmy Schilt que ha dominate per complete le competitiones international<ref>[http://www.k-1.co.jp/k-1gp/atop.htm History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912001926/http://www.k-1.co.jp/k-1gp/atop.htm |date=2008-09-12 }}, K-1, Consultate le 17 de septembre 2008</ref>. == Festivitates == * [[Appendice:Lista de festivitates in le Pais Basse]] == Ligamines externe == * [http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/ Pagina web del Regna del Pais Basse] * [http://www.parlement.nl/ Pagina web del Parlamento] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615213423/http://www.parlement.nl/ |date=2006-06-15 }} * [http://taalunieversum.org/ Pagina web del Nederlandse Taalunie] {{refer}} {{UE}} {{commons|Netherlands}} {{elem|paises del mundo}} {{Paises de Europa}} [[Categoria:Paises Basse| ]] [[Categoria:Regno del Paises Basse]] cd144ey6e5ysy1e3u90n0wnokgp3j37 0 11626 697238 666085 2026-06-17T21:19:57Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''Rita Comisi''' ([[Itamaraju]] [[16 de augusto]] [[1985]]) es [[Italia|italiano]] cantatrice, un ganiator del concurso "[[Amici di Maria De Filippi]]"^{([[:it:Amici di Maria De Filippi|it.]])} in [[2005]]—[[2006]].<ref>[http://www.amici.mediaset.it/schede/schedapersona_96.shtml Amici — Scheda — Rita Comisi]</ref> Rita Comisi nasceva in [[16 de augusto]], [[1985]], in Itamarajn, [[Brasil]]. In [[2005]]—[[2006]] illa participava in la concurso "[[Amici di Maria De Filippi]]" e habeva essete un ganiator in le categoria "canto". Illa canta in [[lingua italian|italian]] e [[lingua anglese|anglese]]. Su repertoire include cantos: * [[Adagio (canto)|Adagio]] (musica "[[Adagio in Sol minore (Albinoni)|Adagio in Sol minore]]"^{([[:it:Adagio in Sol minore (Albinoni)|it.]])} de [[Tomaso Albinoni]]); * [[Memory (canto)|Memory]]^{([[:en:Memory (song)|angl.]])} (musica de [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]]); * [[People (canto)|People]]^{([[:en:People (song)|angl.]])}; * [[Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood (canto)|Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood]]^{([[:en:Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood|angl.]])}; et cetera. In [[2006]], con le [[Irlanda|irlandese]] cantator [[Ronan Keating]]^{([[:en:Ronan Keating|angl.]])}, illa habeva registrate le canto "[[All Over Again (canto)|All Over Again]]"^{([[:en:All Over Again|angl.]])}, qual esseva relisate quam le singlo (29 position in le chart de italiano singlos), et includite in le italiano edition de su album "[[Bring You Home]]"^{([[:en:Bring You Home|angl.]])}. == Discographia == * "All Over Again", [[2006]] (con Ronan Keating, italiano edition). == Ligamines externe == * [http://www.amici.mediaset.it/amici/photogallery/photogallerypersonaggio_63.shtml Photogaleria] * [http://www.amici.mediaset.it/amici/videogallery/videogallerypersonaggio_59.shtml Videogaleria] * [http://it.groups.yahoo.com/group/RitaComisi/ Fan club]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070406062100/http://it.groups.yahoo.com/group/RitaComisi/ |date=2007-04-06 }} == Referentias == <references/> [[Categoria:Musicos|Comisi, Rita]] [[Categoria:Gente italian]] g6j8jnv9nc7ohcp6r7r3vpqglsa84v6 14 19875 697230 681990 2026-06-17T15:36:03Z ~2026-35591-62 60288 697230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{catmore}} {{commonscat|Nazi Germany}} [[Categoria:Historia de Germania]] cd9kymnnhs5kpa21y5o8zluhwsmonel 0 26314 697242 694405 2026-06-17T23:46:50Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''Valentín Paz-Andrade''' ([[23 de april]] [[1898]] in [[Pontevedra]] - [[19 de maio]] [[1987]] in [[Vigo]]) esseva un scriptor gallecian. == Obras == [[File:Boletín Oficial de las Cortes n 186, 17-11-1978.pdf|thumb|''Boletín Oficial de las Cortes.'']] * ''Pranto matricial'' ([[1955]]) {{ISBN|978-84-85134-04-5}}. * ''Los derechos sobre el espacio marítimo'' ([[1960]]) {{ISBN|978-84-290-0260-7}}. * ''La anunciación de Valle-Inclán'' ([[1967]]) {{ISBN|978-84-7339-537-3}}. * ''Sementeira do vento'' ([[1968]]) {{ISBN|978-84-7154-087-4}}.<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=5hFIRflM4hgC&printsec=frontcover&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Sementeira do vento''], Google Books.</ref> * ''La marginacíón de Galicia'' ([[1970]]) {{ISBN|978-84-323-0027-1}}. * X. R. Barreiro Fernández, F. Díaz-Fierros ..., ''Los Gallegos'', ([[1976]]), ''La sociedad y la economía'', ([[1975]]), pp. 45-93.<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=ryBHZbHcrjMC&printsec=frontcover&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Los Gallegos''], Google Books.</ref> * ''A galecidade na obra de Guimarães Rosa'' ([[1978]]) {{ISBN|978-84-85134-92-2}}. * ''Cen chaves de sombra'' ([[1979]]) {{ISBN|978-84-7492-007-9}}.<ref>[http://consellodacultura.org/mediateca/extras/guerracivil_literatura.pdf ''Guerra civil (1936-1939) e literatura galega''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330120805/http://consellodacultura.org/mediateca/extras/guerracivil_literatura.pdf |date=2012-03-30 }}, ''Capotes de sombra amargos'', ''Illa do amor, illa da morte'' (''Cen chaves de sombra'').</ref> * ''Castelao na luz e na sombra'' ([[1982]]) {{ISBN|978-84-7492-130-4}}. * ''Galiza lavra a sua imagem'' ([[1985]]) {{ISBN|978-84-7492-258-5}}. * ''O legado xornalístico de Valentín Paz-Andrade'' ([[1997]]) {{ISBN|978-84-88254-53-5}}. * ''Epistolario'', ([[1997]]) {{ISBN|978-84-7492-841-9}}. == Referentias == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Freixanes, Víctor F. (1982), ''Unha ducia de galegos''. {{ISBN|978-84-7154-248-9}}. * Calvo, Tucho (1998), ''Valentín Paz-Andrade, a memoria do século''. {{ISBN|978-84-7492-904-1}}. * Portela Yáñez, Charo (1999), ''Valentín Paz-Andrade. Escritor, xornalista e poeta. Avogado, político e empresario''. {{ISBN|978-84-7680-273-1}}. * Rodríguez Vidales, Francisco (1999), ''VPA, Valentín Paz-Andrade''. {{ISBN|978-84-923440-2-4}}. == Ligamines externe == * [http://entrada.egu.es/egu_xunta/html/index.php?op=ver&id=98623&pantalla=efemeride ''Enciclopedia Galega Universal'']{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621140236/http://entrada.egu.es/egu_xunta/html/index.php?op=ver&id=98623&pantalla=efemeride |date=2012-06-21 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Paz-Andrade}} [[Categoria:Gente gallecian]] [[Categoria:Poetas]] [[Categoria:Scriptores]] [[Categoria:Jornalistas]] [[Categoria:Politicos]] c8ow5klc346ktephcw16463xlsicof8 0 31177 697241 697134 2026-06-17T23:15:20Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/lingua}} '''Toki pona''' es un [[lingua artificial]] e [[lingua philosophic|philosophic]] create per le traductor e linguista '''Sonja Lang''' (anteriormente Sonja Elen Kisa) de [[Toronto]], qui lo publicava in 2001.<ref>[http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/canadian-has-people-talking-about-lingo-she-created/article1354882/ "Canadian has people talking about lingo she created"]</ref><ref>[http://msl1.mit.edu/furdlog/docs/latimes/2007-08-24_latimes_conlangs_control.pdf "Step aside, Tolkien fans and grunting Klingonists: Newly invented tongues are creeping into the public domain, thanks to the Web."]</ref> Le vocabulario de toki pona es minimal, con 14 [[phonema]]s e 123 [[radice]]s, pro concentrar se sur le conceptos relativemente universal de tote le culturas. Le creator de toki pona non lo intendeva como un [[lingua auxiliar international]] mais como un maniera de adjutar le pensamento per le principios del [[Tao]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Sonja Elen|last=Kisa|url=http://www.tokipona.org/intro.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927173757/http://www.tokipona.org/intro.html|archivedate=2007-09-27|title=What is Toki Pona?|publisher=TokiPona.org|accessdate=2007-05-23}}</ref> On appella un parlante de toki pona un '''{{Lingua|tok|jan pi toki pona}}''' que pote significar "persona de toki pona" o "bon communicator". == Phonologia == Toki pona ha solmente 14 [[phonema]]s: 9 [[consonante]]s e 5 [[vocal]]es. On accentua le prime syllaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toki Pona: kalama |url=http://www.tokipona.org/kalama.html |accessdate=2007-09-27 |archivedate=2007-09-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927173804/http://www.tokipona.org/kalama.html }}</ref> Le structura del [[syllaba]]s es similar a illo del [[lingua japonese]]. Le syllabas possibile in toki pona es: a e i o u ka ke ki ko ku sa se si so su ta te to tu na ne ni no nu pa pe pi po pu ma me mi mo mu ja je jo ju la le li lo lu wa we wi [[File:Pronunciation Toki Pona.png|thumb|Carta de pronunciation]] == Systema de scriptura == Le autor officialmente usa certe litteras del alphabeto latin pro representar le lingua, con le mesme significatos que in le [[Alphabeto phonetic international|API]]: ''p'', ''t'', ''k'', ''s'', ''m'', ''n'', ''l'', ''j'', ''w'', ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''o'', e ''u''. Le litteras capital se utilisa solmente in le nomines de personas e locos e non pro significar le prime parola de un phrase. Assi illos non representa jammais le radices de toki pona, ma sempre le parolas estranier. Existe un methodo alternative de scriber in toki pona con characteres chinese. On pote scriber in toki pona etiam per hieroglyphicos. Il ha duo systemas de hieroglyphicos officialmente recognoscite: "{{Lingua|tok|sitelen sitelen}}" (inventate per Jonathan Gabel) e "{{Lingua|tok|sitelen pona}}" (inventate per Sonja Lang). Le parlantes de toki pona ha create altere methodos pro scriber le lingua in numerose [[alphabeto]]s.{{Require referentia|data=2025-11-30|motivo=Quales?}} == Linguage de signos == Le libro ''Toki Pona: The Language of Good'' ("Toki pona: le lingua de lo bon") describe (inter altere cosas) un systema de communicar in toki pona con signos.{{Require referentia|data=2025-11-30}} ==Syntaxe== Alicun characteres del syntaxe de toki pona es: * Le parola '''li''' separa le subjecto del predicato; * Le adjectivos seque le substantivos e le adverbios seque le verbos; * Le parola '''e''' precede le objecto directe e (per consequente) rende le verbo transitive; * Le phrases de objecto directe precede le phrases prepositional in le predicato; * Le parola '''la''' pote significar un relation temporal o un causalitate inter duo phrases. Le lingua es si simple que su syntaxe pote exprimer se in dece regulas: :1. Un ''phrase'' pote esser ::(a) un ''interjection'' ::(b) del forma [''clause subordinate''] [''vocativo''] ''subjecto'' ''predicato'' ::(c) del forma [''clause subordinate''] ''vocativo'' ''predicato'' ::(Le ''interjection'' pote esser '''a''', '''ala''', '''ike''', '''jaki''', '''mu''', '''o''', '''pakala''', '''pona''', o '''toki'''.) :2. Un ''clause subordinate'' pote esser ::(a) ['''taso'''] ''phrase'' '''la''' ::(b) ['''taso'''] ''phrase substantive'' '''la''' ::("Si/dum ''clause subordinate'', ''clause principal''") :3. Un ''vocativo'' es del forma ::[''phrase substantive''] '''o''' :4. Un ''subjecto'' es del forma ::(a) '''mi''' o '''sina''' ::(b) altere ''phrase substantive'' '''li''' ::('''mi mute''' e '''sina mute''' require '''li''' pro formar le predicato.) :5. Un ''predicato'' pote esser ::(a) ''phrase substantive simple'' [''phrase de preposition'']*, o ::(b) ''phrase de verbo'' [''phrase de preposition''], o ::(c) ''predicato'' ''conjunction'' ''predicato'' (illo es, un predicato composite) ::(Le ''conjunction'' pote esser '''anu''' (o) o '''li''' (e). Iste es solmente ''subjecto'' '''li''' ''predicato 1me'' '''li''' ''predicate 2nde'' etc., con le prime '''li''' omisse si e solmente si le subjecto es '''mi''' o '''sina''') :6. Un ''phrase substantive'' pote esser ::(a) ''substantivo'' [''modificator'']*, o ::(b) ''phrase substantive simple'' '''pi''' (de) ''substantivo'' plus ''modificator''* (si il ha un modificator que se applica solmente al substantivo 2nde), o ::(c) ''phrase substantive'' ''conjunction'' ''phrase substantive'' (illo es, un phrase substantive composite) ::(Le conjunction pote esser '''anu''' (o) o '''en''' (e). Un phrase substantive "simple" es lo que non ha un conjunction.) :7. Un ''phrase de preposition'' ha le forma ::''preposition'' ''phrase substantive'' :8. Un ''phrase de verbo'' pote esser ::(a) ''verbal'' ::(b) ''modal'' ''verbal'' ::(c) ''verbal_x'' '''ala''' ''verbal_x'' (le duo verbales es equivalente) ::(d) ''modal_x'' '''ala''' ''modal_x'' plus ''verbal'' (le duo modales es equivalente) ::(Le ''modal'' pote esser '''kama''' (veniente/''tempore futur''), '''ken''' (poter), o '''wile''' (vole).) :9. Un ''verbal'' pote esser ::(a) ''verbo'' [''modificator'']* (isto es un verbo intransitive) ::(b) ''verbo'' [''modificator'']* plus un ''objecto directe''* (isto es un verbo transitive) ::(c) '''lon''' o '''tawa''' plus un ''phrase substantive simple'' ::(Alicun radices pote functionar solmente como verbos transitive o intransitive.) :10. Un ''objecto directe'' ha le forma ::'''e''' ''phrase substantive simple'' Alicun radices es utilisate pro functiones grammatic (per exemplo, le radices que ha parte in le precedente regulas), dum alteres ha significatos lexical. Le radices lexical non es ben definite como [[partes del discurso]] mais pote generalmente esser usate como substantivos, verbos o modificatores, dependente del contexto o lor position in un phrase. Per exemplo, '''ona li moku''' pote significar "illes mangiava" o "illo es un alimento." ===Pronomines=== Toki pona ha le pronomines basic '''mi''' (persona prime), '''sina''' (persona secunde), e '''ona''' (persona tertie). Iste parolas non specifica numero o genere. Assi, '''ona''' pote significar "ille", "illa", "illo", "illes", "illas" o "illos". In practica, le parlatores de toki pona usa le expression '''mi mute''' pro significar "nos". Minus commun es '''ona mute''' (illes/illas/illos) e '''sina mute''' (vos). Quandocunque le subjecto de un phrase es un del pronomines non modificate '''mi''' o '''sina''', tunc '''li''' non es usate pro appartar le subjecto e predicato. Le pronomine demonstrative es '''ni''' (iste/ille). Isto pote functionar etiam como le conjunction ''que'': :'''ona li toki e ni: toki pona li toki pona.''' :''Ille dice isto: toki pona es un bon lingua.'' :''Ille diceva que toki pona es un bon lingua.'' ===Substantivos=== Con un vocabulario tanto minimal de parolas radical, toki pona se remitte gravemente a phrases substantive (substantivos composite), ubi un substantivo es modificate per un radice sequente pro facer significatos plus complexe. Un exemplo typic es le combination de '''jan''' (persona) con '''utala''' (combatter) pro facer '''jan utala''' (soldato, milite). Le substantivos non se declina per numero. '''jan''' pote significar "persona", "personas" o "le racia human" dependente del contexto. [[File:TokiPonaElopa.jpg|thumb|right|Le nomines del [[pais]]es de [[Europa]].]] Toki pona non usa nomines proprie isolate; in vice, le nomines proprie debe modificar un substantivo precedente. A causa de isto on los nomina "adjectivos proprie"; illos es functionalmente del mesme classe como substantivos composite. Per exemplo, le nomines de personas e locos se utilisa como modificatores del radices commun pro "persona" e "loco", p.ex. '''ma Kanata''' (litteralmente "pais Canada") o '''jan Lisa''' (litteralmente "persona Lisa"). ===Modificatores=== In toki pona le modificatores semper seque le parolas que illos modifica. Iste characteristica resimila le arrangiamento typic de adjectivos del linguas [[Lingua espaniol|espaniol]] e [[Lingua arabe|arabe]] e contrasta con le structura del [[lingua anglese]]. Assi un '''kasi kule''', litteralmente "planta de color", semper significa un specie de planta colorate (probabilemente un flor). Un '''kasi kule poki''', litteralmente "planta de color de receptaculo", solmente pote esser le specie de "planta colorate" que se trova in un receptaculo, i.e. un flor plantate in un testo. In le altere direction, le expression "testo de flor" se refere a un specie de receptaculo, assi illo debe esser rendite con le signification "receptaculo" al initio, i.e. '''poki kasi''' (litteralmente "testo de planta"). Un "testo de flor" esserea '''poki pi kasi kule''' ("testo de (planta colorate)" o "testo de flor"). In toki pona, "N A1 A2" (ubi N representa un substantivo e A1 e A2 representa modificatores) es semper intendite como ((N A1) A2), illo es, un N A1 que es A2: p.ex., '''jan pona lukin''' = ((jan pona) lukin), un amico spectante ('''jan pona''', "amico", litteralmente "bon persona"). On pote cambiar isto con le particula '''pi''', "de", que aggruppa le adjectivos sequente a un specie de adjectivo composite que se applica al substantivo initial, que conduce a '''jan pi pona lukin''' = (jan (pona lukin)), "persona de bon aspecto" o "persona belle". Le pronomines demonstrative, numeros, e pronomines possessive seque le altere modificatores. ===Verbos=== Es possibile omitter e implicar le verbo (le [[copula nulle]] es permittite).{{Require referentia|2025-11-30}} Toki pona non inflecte le verbos per persona, tempore, modo o voce. Le persona se infere del subjecto del verbo; le tempore se infere del contexto o un adverbio temporal in le phrase. Le cosa le plus proxime al passivitate grammatical in toki pona es un structura como "(resultato) de (subjecto) es causate de (agente)". Alternativemente, on poterea formar un phrase passive como un active ubi le subjecto agente es incognite. Alicun prepositiones pote esser usate como un subclasse del verbos principal. Per exemplo, '''tawa''' significa "a" (dative) como un preposition o "ir" o "ir a" como un verbo; '''lon''' significa "in" o "a" (locative) como un preposition o "exister, star in/a" como un verbo; '''kepeken''' significa "per" (instrumental) como un preposition o "usar" como un verbo. '''lon''' e '''tawa''' (mais non '''kepeken''') omitte le marca de objecto directe '''e''' ante lor objectos: '''mi tawa tomo mi''' "Io va a (mi) domo." ==Vocabulario== [[File:BodyTokiPona.jpg|thumb|right|Le partes del corpore]] Le vocabulario de 120 radices es concipite secundo le principio de viver simplemente sin le complicationes del civilisation moderne. A causa del minime quantitate de radices in toki pona, le parolas de altere linguas es frequentemente traducite per un [[collocation]] de al minus duo radices, p.ex. "inseniar" per '''pana e sona''', que litteralmente significa "dar cognoscentia". Ben que toki pona es generalmente describite como habente solmente 115, 118, o 120 "parolas", isto es inexacte, proque il ha multe [[parola composite|parolas composite]] e phrases determinate que, como expressiones idiomatic, constitue entratas lexical independente o [[lexema]]s e consequentemente debe esser independentemente apprendite de memoria. ===Colores=== Toki pona ha cinque radices de [[color]]: '''pimeja''' ([[nigre]]), '''walo''' ([[blanc]]), '''loje''' ([[rubie]]), '''jelo''' ([[jalne]]), e '''laso''' ([[blau]]). Cata parola representa multe [[tinta]]s: '''laso''' se refere a colores tanto clar como [[blau de cyano]] o obscur como [[blau marin]], etiam extendente se a tintas de [[glauc]] como [[cyano]]. [[File:Synthese-.svg|left|thumb|Multe colores pote esser exprimite per [[Color subtactive|colores subtractive]].]] Ben que le conception simple de colores tende al exclusion de numerose colores que se exprime communmente in linguas occidental, le parlantes a vices combina iste cinque parolas pro facer descriptiones plus specific de certe colores. Per exemplo, "purpuree" pote esser representate per le combination de '''laso''' e '''loje'''. Le phrasa '''laso loje''' significa "un rubee tinta de blau" e '''loje laso''' significa "un blau tinta de rubie". ===Numeros=== Toki pona ha radices que significa un (''wan''), duo (''tu''), e multe (''mute''). De plus, ''ala'' pote significar zero, ben que su significato le plus literal es "nulle" o "non". Parlantes de toki pona exprime additivemente le numeros plus grande per phrases como '''tu wan''' pro tres, '''tu tu''' pro quatro, et cetera. Iste characteristica ha essite addite pro render impracticabile le communication de grande numeros.{{Require referentia|data=2025-11-30}} Un vetule description del lingua usava '''luka''' (litteralmente "mano") pro significar "cinque". Ben que Lang ha depreciate iste function in le description official le plus recente de toki pona, su uso es ancora commun; de januario a julio 2006, illo era usate 10 vices plus frequentemente in le [[lista de diffusion]] pro toki pona como su senso original de "mano". Per exemplo, usante iste structura, "luka luka luka wan" significarea "dece-sex". ===Radices=== Duo parolas ha synonymos archaic: '''nena''' reimplaciava '''kapa''' (protuberantia) tosto post le creation del lingua pro rationes incognite. Plus tarde, le pronomine '''ona''' reimplaciava '''iki''' (ille(s), illa(s), illo(s)), proque illo era a vices confundite con '''ike''' (mal). Similemente, '''ali''' esseva addite como un alternativa a '''ale''' (tote) pro evitar confusion con '''ala''' (non, nulle) inter le personas qui [[Reduction de vocales|reduce le vocales sin accento]], ben que ambe formas es utilisate hodie.{{Require referentia|data=2025-11-30}} Le parolas que simplemente ha essite removite del lexico, sin reimplaciamento, include '''leko''' (bloco, grados), '''kan''' (con), e '''pata''' (fratre, soror, cosino, cosina).{{Require referentia|data=2025-11-30}} Extra '''ali''', '''nena''', e '''ona''', que reimplaciava radices existente, altere radices que ha essite addite al 118 original include '''pan''' pro cereales (grano, pan, pasta, ris, etc.), '''esun''' pro locos de commercio (mercato, bazar, botece, etc.), e '''kipisi''' pro "secar".{{Require referentia|data=2025-11-30}} ===Provenientia=== [[File:Toki Pona etymologies.png|right|thumb|Le origines del radices de toki pona per lingua. Le radices obsolete non es includite.]] Le radices de toki pona generalmente veni del linguas [[lingua anglese|anglese]], [[Tok Pisin]], [[lingua finnese|finnese]], [[lingua georgian|georgian]], [[lingua nederlandese|nederlandese]], [[dialecto francese acadian|francese acadian]], [[Esperanto]], [[lingua croate|croate]], e [[lingua chinese|chinese]] ([[lingua mandarin|Mandarin]] e [[lingua cantonese|Cantonese]]). Multes de iste derivationes es transparente. Per exemplo, '''oko''' (oculo) es identic al parola croate ''oko'' e simile a altere cognatos como espaniol ''ojo'', italian ''occhio'' e anglese ''ocular''; item, '''toki''' (linguage, lingua, communication) es simile al parola ''tok'' de [[tok pisin]] e su fonte anglese ''talk'', durante que '''pona''' (bon, positive), del [[esperanto]] ''bona'', reflecte le parolas [[Linguas romance|romance]] generic ''bon, buona'', etc. Totevia, le cambiamentos de pronunciation requisite del systema phonetic simple obscura le origines de altere parolas. Le parola '''lape''' (dormir, reposar), per exemplo, veni del hollandese ''slapen'' e es cognate con anglese ''sleep''; '''kepeken''' (usar) es pauco distorte del hollandese ''gebruiken'', e '''akesi''' de ''hagedis'' ([[lacerta]]) es a pena recognoscibile. [Perque ''*ti'' non es possibile in toki pona, le nederlandese ''di'' se rende como ''si.''] Ben que solmente 14 radices (12%) es listate como derivate del lingua anglese, un grande numero del parolas de tok pisin, esperanto, e altere radices es transparentemente cognate con le anglese, augmentante le parte amicabile al anglese a circa 30%. Le partes del lexicon ex altere linguas es 15% de tok pisin, 14% finnese, 14% de esperanto, 12% croate, 10% acadian, 9% nederlandese, 8% georgian, 5% mandarin, 3% cantonese; un radice de cata un del linguas [[lingua gallese|gallese]], [[lingua tongan|tongan]] (imprestate al anglese), [[Twi|Akan]], e un lingua incerte (apparentemente [[Lingua swahili|Swahili]]); quatre radices [[Symbolica sonic|phonesthetic]] (duo del quales se trova in anglese, un in [[Lingua japonese|japonese]], e un inventate); e un altere radice inventate (le particula grammatic '''e'''). ==Litteratura== Lang ha publicate [[proverbio]]s, un poco de [[poesia]] e un [[libro de phrases]] basic in toki pona. ==Recerca== Toki pona ha essite seligite pro le prime version del vocabulario pro le projecto ROILA. Le proposito de iste projecto esseva le studio del uso de un lingua artificial pro render plus exacte le recognition machinal de parolas.{{Require referentia|data=2025-11-30}} ==Communitate== On ha reportate que Lang diceva que al minus 100 personas parla toki pona fluentemente<ref name="Globeandmail">{{cite news|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/canadian-has-people-talking-about-lingo-she-created/article1354882/|title=Canadian has people talking about lingo she created|first=Siobhan|last=Roberts|publisher=The Globe and Mail|date=9 July 2007|accessdate=2007-07-20}}</ref> e estima que alcun centos de personas ha un cognoscentia basic del lingua. Le traffico sur le lista de diffusion pro toki pona e altere communitates in linea suggere que plure centos de personas ha occupate se brevemente con le lingua. Durante le Congresso International de Juventute [[Esperanto|Esperantista]] in [[Sarajevo]] in augusto de 2006, un session special pro parlantes de toki pona habeva loco con 12 participantes. John Clifford, PhD, dava un presentation sur toki pona al Secunde Conferentia del Creation de Linguas, in 2007 al Universitate de California, Berkeley: "Le problemas de successo: que eveni quando un lingua construite opiniose incontra su parlantes".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dedalvs.conlang.org/notes/lcc2.php |title=Second Language Creation Conference 2007 |publisher=Dedalvs.conlang.org |accessdate=2013-12-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dedalvs.conlang.org/dl/lcc2program.pdf |title=Second Language Creation Conference Handouts |format=PDF |accessdate=2013-12-11}}</ref> Toki lili<ref>{{cite web |author=toki lili |url=http://tokilili.shoutem.com/ |title=tokilili.shoutem.com |publisher=tokilili.shoutem.com |accessdate=2013-12-11 |archivedate=2013-12-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214111416/http://tokilili.shoutem.com/ }}</ref> es un sito microblog simile a Twitter, specificamente concipite con le parlantes de toki pona in mente. == Exemplos == [[File:Toki Pona Washer Guidelines.jpg|right|thumb|Instructiones pro usar un [[machina de lavar]].]] '''mama pi mi mute''' ([[Patrenostre]])<br /> <small>Traduction per Pije/Jopi</small> <blockquote lang="tok"> ''mama pi mi mute o, sina lon sewi kon.''<br /> ''nimi sina li sewi.''<br /> ''ma sina o kama.''<br /> ''jan o pali e wile sina lon sewi kon en lon ma.''<br /> ''o pana e moku pi tenpo suno ni tawa mi mute.''<br /> ''o weka e pali ike mi. sama la mi weka e pali ike pi jan ante.''<br /> ''o lawa ala e mi tawa ike.''<br /> ''o lawa e mi tan ike.''<br /> ''tenpo ali la sina jo e ma e wawa e pona.''<br /> ''Amen.''<br /> </blockquote> '''ma tomo Pape''' (Le [[Turre de Babel]])<br /> <small>Traduction per jan Siwen (Stephen Pope)</small> <blockquote lang="tok"> jan ali li kepeken e toki sama. jan li kama tawa nasin pi kama suno li kama tawa ma Sinale li awen lon ni. jan li toki e ni: "o kama! mi mute o pali e kiwen. o seli e ona." jan mute li toki e ni: "o kama! mi mute o pali e tomo mute e tomo palisa suli. sewi pi tomo palisa li lon sewi kon. nimi pi mi mute o kama suli! mi wile ala e ni: mi mute li lon ma ante mute." jan sewi Jawe li kama anpa li lukin e ma tomo e tomo palisa. jan sewi Jawe li toki e ni: "jan li lon ma wan li kepeken e toki sama li pali e tomo palisa. tenpo ni la ona li ken pali e ijo ike mute. mi wile tawa anpa li wile pakala e toki pi jan mute ni. mi wile e ni: jan li sona ala e toki pi jan ante." jan sewi Jawe li kama e ni: jan li lon ma mute li ken ala pali e tomo. nimi pi ma tomo ni li Pape tan ni: jan sewi Jawe li pakala e toki pi jan ali. jan sewi Jawe li tawa e jan tawa ma mute tan ma tomo Pape. </blockquote> '''wan taso''' (sol)<br /> <small>"poesia tenebrose" de adolescentia</small> <blockquote lang="tok"> ijo li moku e mi. <small>(Alique me mangia.)</small><br /> mi wile pakala. <small>(Io vole doler me.)</small><br /> pimeja li tawa insa kon mi. <small>(Le tenebras va a in mi anima.)</small><br /> jan ala li ken sona e pilin ike mi. <small>(Nemo pote cognoscer mi dolor.)</small><br /> toki musi o, sina jan pona mi wan taso. <small>(Poesia, tu es mi sol unic amico.)</small><br /> telo pimeja ni li telo loje mi, li ale mi. <small>(Iste tinta es mi sanguine, es mi toto.)</small><br /> tenpo ale la pimeja li lon. <small>(Le tenebras semper existera.)</small><br /> </blockquote> == Vide etiam == * [[Real Character and Philosophical Language]] == Ligamines external == * [http://tokipona.org Le sito official (in anglese)] * [http://www.interlingua.com/e-libros/linguasphilosophic Minihistoria del linguas philosophic - de Aristotele al Toki Pona (un e-libro in Interlingua)] * [http://tokipona.net Un sito non official del communitate in anglese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726141625/http://tokipona.net/ |date=2021-07-26 }} * [http://tokipona.alinome.net/que.es.html Information in espaniol] * [http://lvogel.free.fr/tokipona/ Lectiones in francese] * [http://www.roboart.it/toki%20pona%200.html Lectiones in italian]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132825/http://www.roboart.it/toki%20pona%200.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://vicerveza.homeunix.net/~viric/tokipona/ Un curso in catalan] * [http://rowa.giso.de/languages/toki-pona/ Lectiones in german] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/20130613223448/http://rowa.giso.de/languages/toki-pona/ |date=2013-06-13 }} * [http://www.lingvisto.org/tokipona/index.html Information in russe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627233748/http://www.lingvisto.org/tokipona/index.html |date=2020-06-27 }} == Notas == <references/> {{Linguas artificial}} [[Categoria:Linguas artificial]] qr8nalndi48f0udezg1lfe2pb57e5fr 0 31448 697236 691310 2026-06-17T20:20:13Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''Petyo Angelov''' ([[Lingua bulgaro|bulgaro]], Петьо Ангелов; [[7 de novembre]] [[1978]] — [[6 de maio]] [[2012]]) esseva un interlinguista bulgare. Ille apprendeva philologia in le Universitate de Sofia e traduceva le libros ''European Integration Without Illusions'' de [[Václav Klaus]] e ''Atlas Shrugged'' de [[Ayn Rand]] in le lingua bulgare.<ref name=novinar>[http://novinar.bg/news/pochina-prevodachat-petio-angelov_MzkxMjs2NA==.html Почина преводачът Петьо Ангелов] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325022334/http://novinar.bg/news/pochina-prevodachat-petio-angelov_MzkxMjs2NA==.html |date=2013-03-25 }}, Novinar.bg.</ref><ref>[http://thoughtseeker.net/home/videos/2 Petyo Angelov shares what motivated him to learn and speak 40 languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031054822/http://thoughtseeker.net/home/videos/2 |date=2012-10-31 }}, ThoughtSeeker.</ref> Angelov esseva de minoritate romanian.<ref>[http://www.interlingua.com/node/945 Radio Interlingua 050] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306013220/http://www.interlingua.com/node/945 |date=2016-03-06 }}.</ref> Ille moriva de un infarcto cardiac.<ref>[http://www.interlingua.com/node/904 Radio Interlingua 048] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306011831/http://www.interlingua.com/node/904 |date=2016-03-06 }}.</ref> Ab 2006 al 28 de septembre 2008 e de novo ab le 15 de april 2012 a su morte le 6 de maio 2012 Petyo Angelov esseva le secretario general del [[Union Mundial pro Interlingua]]. Ille esseva un genio linguistic e un prominente in le mundo de interlingua. Su nivello de energia e activitates esseva enorme, e ille habeva grande planos pro le futuro – pro se mesme e pro interlingua. Su visiones sempre non se limitava a lo que immediatemente esseva possibile; ille cercava sempre ir un poco plus in avante. Isto, a vices, poteva devenir abstracte pro su ascoltatores. Petyo Angelov esseva humoristic, persuasive e extrememente competente in su dominios de interesse. Ille aperiva portas que non semblava aperibile, e ille laborava como un cavallo pro complir le promissas que ille habeva date. Ille assi esseva le motor del action que in le ultime momento salvava le conferentia international de interlingua in 2011 per organisar lo rapidemente in Chepelare in Bulgaria, quando le alternativa primari falleva. {{facto}} Petyo Angelov se occupava con interlingua desde 1997, quando ille charmava le participantes del13tie conferentia international de interlingua in [[Strasburgo|Strasbourg]], [[Francia]]. Desde alora ille esseva active pro interlingua e assi anque le representante del UMI in Bulgaria.{{facto}} Su activitates principal de labor esseva le maneamento de su schola de linguas, Sigilla, e le traduction de libros pro editores bulgare.{{facto}} Petyo Angelov studiava in le Lyceo National Classic in Sofia e continuava su studios in le Universitate de Sofia (philologia classic, BA) e in le Nove Universitate Bulgare (egyptologia, MA). Su curriculo professional includeva anque postos como professor in le Lyceo Classic, le Universitate de Sofia e in plure altere scholas de linguas in Bulgaria. Ille preparava su doctorato in historia del mathematica e sperava poter vantar se de su PhD ante le conferentia sequente de interlingua.{{facto}} Ille cognosceva e parlava multissime linguas. Ille anque esseva un talento musical lo que ille demonstrava durante multe conferentias. In Chepelare in 2011, ille cantava – con Milen Shopov – duettos con ancian cantos classic de Bulgaria in un ecclesia ancian que le 19ne conferentia international de interlingua visitava. Omnes esseva toccate per le intensivitate de lor cantar. ==Referentias== <references /> ==Ligamines externe== *[http://www.interlingua.com/film/bulgaro Interlingua - presentation in bulgaro] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529041645/http://www.interlingua.com/film/bulgaro |date=2012-05-29 }}, video con Petyo Angelov *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8un0ux8iPWU Interview] in le lingua anglese con Petyo Angelov {{Union Mundial pro Interlingua}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Angelov, Petyo}} [[Categoria:Parlatores de interlingua]] [[Category:Gente bulgare]] [[Category:Gente romanian]] 1j38i0eytbo36wzh1pgeugk44dunzfk 102 39658 697243 697022 2026-06-18T04:07:49Z ListeriaBot 24326 Wikidata list updated [V2] 697243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5107 } |wdq= |columns=item,label,P242,P2046,P1082 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! label ! position geographic ! area ! population |- | [[:d:Q15|Q15]] | [[Africa]] | [[File:Africa (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | 29648481 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_a3dae1785f071eaf619b80b4e4878aeb35d9305e5edb62e39b883bcd2e73d1b8">https://www.worldometers.info/geography/7-continents/</ref> | 1549862036<ref name="ref_6483d3b7158eb9d3de00c404d301741a330c5d35c6f4d6407c3176830a480cb6">https://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/africa</ref> |- | [[:d:Q18|Q18]] | [[America del Sud]] | [[File:South America (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | 17461112 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_a3dae1785f071eaf619b80b4e4878aeb35d9305e5edb62e39b883bcd2e73d1b8">https://www.worldometers.info/geography/7-continents/</ref> | 438104941<ref name="ref_a3dae1785f071eaf619b80b4e4878aeb35d9305e5edb62e39b883bcd2e73d1b8">https://www.worldometers.info/geography/7-continents/</ref> |- | [[:d:Q46|Q46]] | [[Europa]] | [[File:Europe orthographic Caucasus Urals boundary (with borders).svg|center|48px]] | 10186000 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_608b2471583a2ac1ea0b3e24c6da872efb2c858e0b1674beea48405cdca9d002">https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/largest-countries-in-europe</ref> | 744094971<ref name="ref_a3dae1785f071eaf619b80b4e4878aeb35d9305e5edb62e39b883bcd2e73d1b8">https://www.worldometers.info/geography/7-continents/</ref> |- | [[:d:Q48|Q48]] | [[Asia]] | [[File:Asia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | 44614500 kilometro quadrate | 4977954915<ref name="ref_c4c1454769e2a8faa2869545f75c0c52626ea087bb341b4caa1c63ac81166d34">https://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/asia</ref> |- | [[:d:Q49|Q49]] | [[America del Nord]] | [[File:Location North America.svg|center|48px]] | 21329947 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_a3dae1785f071eaf619b80b4e4878aeb35d9305e5edb62e39b883bcd2e73d1b8">https://www.worldometers.info/geography/7-continents/</ref> | 617280500<ref name="ref_a3dae1785f071eaf619b80b4e4878aeb35d9305e5edb62e39b883bcd2e73d1b8">https://www.worldometers.info/geography/7-continents/</ref> |- | [[:d:Q51|Q51]] | [[Antarctica]] | [[File:Antarctica (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | 13720000 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_a3dae1785f071eaf619b80b4e4878aeb35d9305e5edb62e39b883bcd2e73d1b8">https://www.worldometers.info/geography/7-continents/</ref> | 5000<ref name="ref_0d2d799cc573a235836a0f64d658b9f8e9b58387008b9f03e2d74420a1017c67">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/antarctica/#people-and-society</ref> |- | [[:d:Q828|Q828]] | [[America]] | [[File:Americas (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | 42549000 kilometro quadrate | 1055385441<ref name="ref_3a8d05464c87d65258f3825087ebfa4af936eace726a125e299458193c7c7cb9">https://worldpopulationreview.com/continents</ref> |- | [[:d:Q3960|Q3960]] | [[Australia (continente)|Australia]] | [[File:Australia-New Guinea (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | 8213561 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_eff96a83b9aae5653a00f31215ae2a29ff8113ecd345b830b6407cd377080809">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/australia/factsheets/</ref><ref name="ref_d6318c6850f47802dd20b4bab7e27dec4a14ae5785ba7766d4748a643cb69d57">https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.TOTL.K2?locations=PG</ref><ref name="ref_3af25ffe0c1783e7aac54d0ec2f2aa34a6728cc4ae457a2c2ce0a89701176709">https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/D1C2967E40D51C1DCA2573C5000D9EC3?opendocument</ref> | 38285866<ref name="ref_14714a7e89d57301d7ccb47707a9b737ac1b80abb40ccc0c347437e92ea7e067">https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/australia</ref><ref name="ref_e6e8af672ba18ef638d439b7468caf9a922f8aa7a1451c90412b36b673a467db">https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/papua-new-guinea</ref><ref name="ref_630c184e5ecf36e25baae96e13704aadfb6ac3e64df54eb50b82ece96745842e">https://worldpopulationreview.com/regions/tasmania</ref> |- | [[:d:Q27527|Q27527]] | [[Eurafrasia]] | [[File:Afro-Eurasia (orthographic projection) political.svg|center|48px]] | 84980532 kilometro quadrate | 6720000000 |- | [[:d:Q55643|Q55643]] | [[Oceania]] | [[File:Oceania (centered orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | 8486460 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_2e65f56009f9741a9ce449c20cea6d07488833c0a042dae1452af9bf011a812c">https://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/oceania</ref> | 42677809<ref name="ref_624bf8c0fb3534efcfd4e49c5bcf478f7b83c664d7235b1c0230763c3fec87b3">https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx</ref><br/>44491724<ref name="ref_7def3e95fce01f7e0736e3aafb08e9edc0e81a8d65d17d56b40ac6c558612356">https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx</ref><br/>46609602<ref name="ref_a3dae1785f071eaf619b80b4e4878aeb35d9305e5edb62e39b883bcd2e73d1b8">https://www.worldometers.info/geography/7-continents/</ref> |- | [[:d:Q7856408|Q7856408]] | ''[[:d:Q7856408|Turtle Island]]'' | | | |- | [[:d:Q11284672|Q11284672]] | ''[[:d:Q11284672|African Continent]]'' | | | |- | [[:d:Q17173147|Q17173147]] | ''[[:d:Q17173147|North American continent]]'' | | | |- | [[:d:Q17173219|Q17173219]] | ''[[:d:Q17173219|South American continent]]'' | | | |- | [[:d:Q55614502|Q55614502]] | ''[[:d:Q55614502|Insular India]]'' | [[File:100 global.png|center|48px]] | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} == Referentias == <references/> 77fkojkbef5mm7jmwkf8thzf47sfyja 102 40007 697234 697180 2026-06-17T19:39:57Z ListeriaBot 24326 Wikidata list updated [V2] 697234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} Vide etiam: [[Appendice:Lista de territorios dependente o disputate]] {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P298 ?iso3 } |columns=item,P298,P984,P41,P94,label,P242,P300,P36,P2046,P31,description |sort=P298 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 ! codigo de pais per IOC ! imagine del bandiera ! imagine del scuto ! label ! position geographic ! ISO 3166-2 ! capital ! area ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q21203|Q21203]] | ABW | ARU | [[File:Flag of Aruba.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Aruba wapen.svg|center|48px]] | [[Aruba]] | [[File:Aruba in its region.svg|center|48px]] | NL-AW | ''[[:d:Q131243|Oranjestad]]'' | 178.916378 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q15304003|pais del Regno del Paises Basse]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q889|Q889]] | AFG | AFG | [[File:Flag of the Taliban.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Arms of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Afghanistan]] | [[File:Afghanistan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Kabul]] | 652230 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1dce4a8b917510d678fa50fb5300544652cf231b551806ae27c17c359782f237">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1450765|Q1450765]] | AFI | | | | ''[[:d:Q1450765|French Territory of the Afars and the Issas]]'' | | | [[Djibuti (citate)|Djibuti]] | 23200 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q916|Q916]] | AGO | ANG | [[File:Flag of Angola.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Angola.svg|center|48px]] | [[Angola]] | [[File:Angola (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Luanda]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 1246700 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q25228|Q25228]] | AIA | | [[File:Flag of Anguilla.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Anguilla.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25228|Anguilla]]'' | [[File:Anguilla on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q30994|The Valley]]'' | 91 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q5689|Q5689]] | ALA | | [[File:Flag of Åland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Åland 3.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q5689|Åland]]'' | [[File:Ahvenanmaa sijainti Suomi.svg|center|48px]] | FI-01 | ''[[:d:Q48329|Mariehamn]]'' | 1582.93 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1030d7f1d0e4082c9f02436085355d23f9cf62a32d4b87afc2ea8274a0862a71">https://www.maanmittauslaitos.fi/sites/maanmittauslaitos.fi/files/attachments/2021/01/Vuoden_2021_pinta-alatilasto_kunnat_maakunnat.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q193512|region of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q782614|autonomous region]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q222|Q222]] | ALB | ALB | [[File:Flag of Albania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Albania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Albania]] | [[File:Albania (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tirana]] | 28748 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1dce4a8b917510d678fa50fb5300544652cf231b551806ae27c17c359782f237">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q228|Q228]] | AND | AND | [[File:Flag of Andorra.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Andorra.svg|center|48px]] | [[Andorra]] | [[File:Andorra on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Andorra la Vella]] | 468 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1dce4a8b917510d678fa50fb5300544652cf231b551806ae27c17c359782f237">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q25227|Q25227]] | ANT<ref name="ref_bf25a9001b8462c071bbee32380ffaa44c643c8b3b5593348fbfcea6e912638a">https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/iso_3166-3_newsletter_i-6.pdf</ref> | AHO | [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1986–2010).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Netherlands Antilles (1986-2010).svg|center|48px]] | [[Antillas Nederlandese]] | [[File:Kingdom of the Netherlands in its region (Caribbean special).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q132679|Willemstad]]'' | 800 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q15304003|pais del Regno del Paises Basse]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q878|Q878]] | ARE | UAE | [[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of the United Arab Emirates.svg|center|48px]] | [[Emiratos Arabe Unite]] | [[File:United Arab Emirates (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1519|Abu Dhabi]]'' | 83600 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q414|Q414]] | ARG | ARG | [[File:Flag of Argentina.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Argentina.svg|center|48px]] | [[Argentina]] | [[File:ARG orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Buenos Aires]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 2780400 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[nation]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10551526|confessional state]]'' | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q399|Q399]] | ARM | ARM | [[File:Flag of Armenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Armenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Armenia]] | [[File:Armenia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Yerevan]] | 29743.423459 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais eurasian del Caucaso Sud |- | [[:d:Q31890709|Q31890709]] | ASC | | [[File:Flag of Ascension Island.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Ascension Island.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q31890709|Ascension]]'' | | SH-AC<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q695774|Georgetown]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<ref name="ref_28e067ba6d443e585cc6bae200ecabedea38d4555441bfa6e50598093c75548b">''[[:d:Q1194038|Geographic Names Server]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q16641|Q16641]] | ASM | ASA | [[File:Flag of American Samoa.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of American Samoa.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q16641|American Samoa]]'' | [[File:American Samoa on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | US-AS | ''[[:d:Q51678|Pago Pago]]'' | 199 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q51|Q51]] | ATA | | | | [[Antarctica]] | [[File:Antarctica (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | | 13720000 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_a3dae1785f071eaf619b80b4e4878aeb35d9305e5edb62e39b883bcd2e73d1b8">https://www.worldometers.info/geography/7-continents/</ref> | [[continente]]<ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_683b2661c49be29f69007bda6012994faeb7dbcefb33fdba8ec0685c5503f9be">''[[:d:Q43400782|БСЭ1 / Антарктида]]''</ref><br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q312461|terra nullius]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2418896|part of the world]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]'' | continente |- | [[:d:Q10372207|Q10372207]] | ATA | | [[File:Flag of the Antarctic Treaty.svg|center|48px]] | No/unknown value | ''[[:d:Q10372207|Antarctic Treaty area]]'' | [[File:Mapa Polo Sur.png|center|48px]] | | No/unknown value | 14000000 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q734818|condominium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q312461|terra nullius]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q165783|Q165783]] | ATB | | [[File:Flag of the British Antarctic Territory.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the British Antarctic Territory.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q165783|British Antarctic Territory]]'' | [[File:BritishAntarcticTerritory.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1635867|Rothera Research Station]]'' | 1709400 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q783953|territorial claims in Antarctica]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q129003|Q129003]] | ATF | | [[File:Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Armoiries Terres australes et antarctiques françaises.svg|center|48px]] | [[Terras Austral Francese]] | [[File:French Southern and Antarctic Lands in France (zoomed).svg|center|48px]] | FR-TF<ref name="ref_b358201b6f12d036d1d725230e7d6741d07c711fce3b940b1cb25462f96118c0">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:FR</ref> | ''[[:d:Q839559|Port-aux-Français]]'' | 7829 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q781|Q781]] | ATG | ANT | [[File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Antigua and Barbuda.svg|center|48px]] | [[Antigua e Barbuda]] | [[File:ATG orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q36262|St. John's]]'' | 440.29 kilometro quadrate | [[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3244203|monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q189999|Q189999]] | ATN | | [[File:Flag of Norway, state.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q189999|Queen Maud Land]]'' | [[File:Antarctica, Norway territorial claim.svg|center|48px]] | | | 2500000 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q5260616|dependency of Norway]]''<ref name="ref_7db06d5476b3f5c24f5ebb17af080c176272f9c7a4682401c5d83cbd2bb2d168">https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1930-02-27-3</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q783953|territorial claims in Antarctica]]''<ref name="ref_7db06d5476b3f5c24f5ebb17af080c176272f9c7a4682401c5d83cbd2bb2d168">https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1930-02-27-3</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q408|Q408]] | AUS<ref name="ref_63f5ca7a183963ae457d8f89197c39e30c3e1963bcf902fb3e780d1dbf4e9c8a">''[[:d:Q25275|ISO 3166-1]]''</ref> | AUS | [[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_81c89a07f6d8245f3f610a5338eb4d06b8867ad0833011281075a438da9ceee8">https://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/symbols/flag.cfm</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Australia]] | [[File:AUS orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3114|Canberra]]''<ref name="ref_2c266568d394409c43364c2f4d8b8ea09162a2269fee0e814197c113c625b70a">http://www.australia.gov.au/about-government/states-territories-and-local-government/capital-cities</ref> | 7692024 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_e5de0557d829b6203125373010912e5dbe4da19b4ef922649c7cca8b61d30a07">http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/national-location-information/dimensions/australias-size-compared</ref><ref name="ref_2400624184620dd514bed85b0ebd035541fc426839c786569d93496fbe599d16">http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/national-location-information/dimensions/area-of-australia-states-and-territories</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43702|federation]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q40|Q40]] | AUT | AUT | [[File:Flag of Austria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Austria.svg|center|48px]] | [[Austria]] | [[File:EU-Austria.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Vienna]]<ref name="ref_8c9140023642283c5ce8f0054419301e4e661b4d544d74f911a04dbe4e1b2919">''[[:d:Q1005391|Federal Constitutional Law]]''</ref> | 83878.99 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_337104bf542d61ec28a5b64ad960c201fe14eae452e70f309dab87be0ecfd867">http://www.statistik.at/web_de/static/k37_054436.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_8c9140023642283c5ce8f0054419301e4e661b4d544d74f911a04dbe4e1b2919">''[[:d:Q1005391|Federal Constitutional Law]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q4209223|stato de derecto]]''<ref name="ref_8c9140023642283c5ce8f0054419301e4e661b4d544d74f911a04dbe4e1b2919">''[[:d:Q1005391|Federal Constitutional Law]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_e33536185a3a577767c4df8815505e3839cdb3ac340226ff3e9f0263fb53a77a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/austria</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q227|Q227]] | AZE | AZE | [[File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Azerbaijan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Azerbaijan]] | [[File:Azerbaijan orthographic projection.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Baku]] | 86600 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q967|Q967]] | BDI | BDI | [[File:Flag of Burundi.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Burundi.svg|center|48px]] | [[Burundi]] | [[File:Burundi (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Gitega]] | 27834 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_6cac7bdde4be279b526ef08604ad918b112e3faa287696c1b915fbb81f2f4f0b">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/by.html</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q31|Q31]] | BEL | BEL | [[File:Flag of Belgium.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Great coat of arms of Belgium.svg|center|48px]] | [[Belgica]] | [[File:EU-Belgium.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Brussel]]<ref name="ref_effb07acb78b00e96857dd630ea9dbef3dfa2b85064c06fc36d489bac27ac036">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/be.html</ref><ref name="ref_cf8ffd9fa05b0d7e236b0e111cb1395c12ffa35206a807cfeae261a0752a11b4">http://www.traveldir.org/belgium/</ref> | 30688 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_b6045ba397001d57a685257fa78ba294520cf6abae5c822cb219ab67a689bfa0">''[[:d:Q12480|Statbel]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q962|Q962]] | BEN | BEN | [[File:Flag of Benin.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Benin.svg|center|48px]] | [[Benin]] | [[File:Benin (orthographic projection with inset).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Porto-Novo]] | 114763 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q27561|Q27561]] | BES<ref name="ref_b487e18951526d42430f1cf1c21ee328d29004b78388d2bd2e82fab9d7187199">https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/iso_3166-1_newsletter_vi-8_split_of_the_dutch_antilles_final-en.pdf</ref> | | | | ''[[:d:Q27561|Caribbean Netherlands]]'' | [[File:BES islands location map.svg|center|48px]] | | No/unknown value | 322 kilometro quadrate | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q965|Q965]] | BFA | BUR | [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Burkina Faso.svg|center|48px]] | [[Burkina Faso]] | [[File:BFA orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Ouagadougou]] | 274200 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q902|Q902]] | BGD | BAN | [[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National emblem of Bangladesh.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bangladesh]] | [[File:Bangladesh (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Dacca]] | 147570 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q219|Q219]] | BGR | BUL | [[File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Bulgaria.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bulgaria]] | [[File:Bulgaria (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Sofia]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 110993.6 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_b935a0a66833771bd7ab112d9853ebe1a287cd8e9aac1b6386fa9e1016b57022">http://www.government.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001&p=0159&g=</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q398|Q398]] | BHR | BRN | [[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of The Kingdom of Bahrain.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bahrain]] | [[File:Map of Bahrain.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Manama]] | 786.5 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_f1109f3b1be2275f826e9cf52b9203b986059b8d23dd4954bbc9089530b2748f">https://www.bahrain.bh/wps/wcm/connect/bnp_en/about%20the%20kingdom/about%20bahrain/related%20topics/facts%20and%20figures</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[archipelago]] | |- | [[:d:Q778|Q778]] | BHS | BAH | [[File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Bahamas.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bahamas]] | [[File:Bahamas in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2467|Nassau]]'' | 13878 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q225|Q225]] | BIH | BIH | [[File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bosnia e Herzegovina]] | [[File:Bosnia and Herzegovina (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Sarajevo]] | 51197 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_b8423ba8340e8b33fb505561ed0125432eb23a2565c8790412ae86b19bd45f82">https://www.ustavnisud.ba/public/down/USTAV_BOSNE_I_HERCEGOVINE_engl.pdf</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1520223|republica constitutional]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q25362|Q25362]] | BLM | | [[File:Flag of Saint Barthélemy (local).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Blason St Barthélémy TOM entire.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25362|Saint Barthélemy]]'' | [[File:Saint Barthelemy in France.svg|center|48px]] | FR-BL | ''[[:d:Q34112|Gustavia]]'' | 24 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_6fc27494e6c7926015d9eb27d4f5924ae1abcba3d5e6e02ad3d8258d77f9d34c">https://www.touteleurope.eu/fonctionnement-de-l-ue/la-superficie-des-pays-de-l-union-europeenne/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]''<ref name="ref_acb678d6cb9dd51a3fd3981405e68362fe227c398b2f88f9205d3f195172710d">''[[:d:Q47486150|loi organique n° 2007-223 du 21 février 2007 portant dispositions statutaires et institutionnelles relatives à l'outre-mer]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q184|Q184]] | BLR | BLR | [[File:Flag of Belarus.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Belarus (2020–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[Bielorussia]] | [[File:Belarus on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Minsk]]<ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref> | 207596.76 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_19a0807314a71637fb0d564051152981a05e56273c4261bd3fdcb5e073d74eae">http://www.gki.gov.by/docs/gzk_2010.doc</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q619610|social state]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q242|Q242]] | BLZ | BIZ | [[File:Flag of Belize.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Belize.svg|center|48px]] | [[Belize]] | [[File:BLZ orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3043|Belmopan]]'' | 22966 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q23635|Q23635]] | BMU | BER | [[File:Flag of Bermuda.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Bermuda.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bermuda]] | [[File:United Kingdom on the globe (Bermuda special) (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q30985|Hamilton]]'' | 53 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<ref name="ref_062d6a907457c2cd5018246f8dbe44927859fc0e258af56b43a0695d3e0dfd2d">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bermuda/</ref><br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | |- | [[:d:Q750|Q750]] | BOL | BOL | [[File:Flag of Bolivia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Bolivia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bolivia]] | [[File:BOL orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Sucre]]<br/>[[La Paz]] | 1098581 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q155|Q155]] | BRA | BRA | [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Brazil.svg|center|48px]] | [[Brasil]] | [[File:BRA orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Brasilia]] | 8515767 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[stato secular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q244|Q244]] | BRB | BAR | [[File:Flag of Barbados.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Barbados (2).svg|center|48px]] | [[Barbados]] | [[File:BRB orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q36168|Bridgetown]]'' | 439 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q921|Q921]] | BRN<ref name="ref_85f197c05a3a50ab610b9354a76864571e64192440bbfe1f06301e0f182262ec">https://www.ISO.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BN</ref> | BRU | [[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Brunei.svg|center|48px]] | [[Brunei]] | [[File:Brunei on the globe (Southeast Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q9279|Bandar Seri Begawan]]'' | 5765.313533 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[Sultanato]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_85f197c05a3a50ab610b9354a76864571e64192440bbfe1f06301e0f182262ec">https://www.ISO.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BN</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q917|Q917]] | BTN | BHU | [[File:Flag of Bhutan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Bhutan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bhutan]] | [[File:Bhutan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Thimphu]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 38394 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1309121|hermit kingdom]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q23408|Q23408]] | BVT | | [[File:Flag of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Insula de Bouvet]] | [[File:PAT - Bouvet.gif|center|48px]] | | | 49 kilometro quadrate | [[insula]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5260616|dependency of Norway]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q963|Q963]] | BWA | BOT | [[File:Flag of Botswana.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Botswana.svg|center|48px]] | [[Botswana]] | [[File:Botswana (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Gaborone]] | 581737 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q2895|Q2895]] | BYS | | [[File:Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1951–1991).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1981–1991).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q2895|Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]]'' | [[File:Byelorussian SSR in the Soviet Union.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Minsk]] | 207600 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q929|Q929]] | CAF | CAF | [[File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Central African Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Centroafrican]] | [[File:CAF orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bangui]] | 622984 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[republica]] | |- | [[:d:Q16|Q16]] | CAN | CAN | [[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Royal Coat of arms of Canada.svg|center|48px]] | [[Canada]] | [[File:CAN orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Ottawa]]<ref name="ref_a9d7cc87fad739a186c62b47b38ed774fc3b97ecdaced733b52b08043d1b30e9">''[[:d:Q868884|Constitution Act, 1867]]''</ref> | 9984670 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q36004|Q36004]] | CCK | | [[File:Flag of the Cocos (Keeling) Island.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Clunies-Ross family arms.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q36004|Cocos (Keeling) Islands]]'' | [[File:Cocos (Keeling) Islands on the globe (Southeast Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q48675|West Island]]'' | 14 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11687019|external territory of Australia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q39|Q39]] | CHE | SUI | [[File:Flag of Switzerland.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_ab7fc05533a6a1045f2ce8ad338b0792ed51296f1397b7e775499d19e43c8e57">https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20091656/index.html#app1ahref0</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of Switzerland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Switza]] | [[File:Switzerland on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Berna]]<ref name="ref_0080a764532c5d04f2a034ba39e581993e729ab6db18d709944b4f8bbb323f6a">https://www.bk.admin.ch/bk/de/home/dokumentation/gesetzgebung/rechtsbereiche-der-bk/abgeschlossene-gesetzgebungsprojekte/bundesstadtstatus-stadt-bern.html</ref> | 41291 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_5e2ad7e643fbd628f1fdbcaf44a25a09db7c28f256dd1b609e662806fb674840">https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/fr/home/statistiques/espace-environnement.html</ref> | [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q170156|confederation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43702|federation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | republica federal in Europa occidental |- | [[:d:Q298|Q298]] | CHL | CHI | [[File:Flag of Chile.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Chile (c).svg|center|48px]] | [[Chile]] | [[File:CHL orthographic (+all claims).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Santiago de Chile]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 756102 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[nation]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5255892|republica democratic]]''<br/>[[pais transcontinental]] | |- | [[:d:Q148|Q148]] | CHN | CHN | [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:中華人民共和國國徽.svg|center|48px]] | [[China]] | [[File:CHN orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Beijing]] | 9596961 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1008|Q1008]] | CIV | CIV | [[File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Ivory Coast (2).svg|center|48px]] | [[Costa de Ebore]] | [[File:CIV orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Yamoussoukro]] | 322463 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<ref name="ref_ca070e9a5eb15c3dccfde88694c68f2863907488ea9e5eec31ad0622694ece24">https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/cote-d-ivoire/presentation-de-la-cote-d-ivoire/</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_0dad73dd85c33cae8349a2e2ca72f0917d0ffc3785f00eede7e40d57c79381da">https://www.presidence.ci/presentation-ci/</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q1009|Q1009]] | CMR | CMR | [[File:Flag of Cameroon.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Cameroon.svg|center|48px]] | [[Camerun]] | [[File:CMR orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Yaoundé]] | 475442 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q974|Q974]] | COD | COD | [[File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (black spear).svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Democratic del Congo]] | [[File:COD orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Kinshasa]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 2344858 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_ed806c47cd810026be18b273086c4a0bce497d753577b6badca4efc5741bf580">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/dem-rep-congo</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q971|Q971]] | COG | CGO | [[File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Republic of the Congo.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica del Congo]] | [[File:LocationRepublicoftheCongo.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Brazzaville]] | 342000 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q26988|Q26988]] | COK | COK | [[File:Flag of the Cook Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Cook Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q26988|Cook Islands]]'' | [[File:Cook Islands on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q170482|Avarua]]'' | 240 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q1138279|associated state]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q739|Q739]] | COL | COL | [[File:Flag of Colombia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Colombia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Colombia]] | [[File:COL orthographic (San Andrés and Providencia special).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bogotá]]<ref name="ref_5e9c5041ff4318d908f65eec8765863728691254e0e8d2a8ef3c727c831f4362">https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Kolumbia;4169072.html</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 1141748 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[stato secular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q970|Q970]] | COM | COM | [[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Comoros.svg|center|48px]] | [[Comores]] | [[File:Comoros (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Moroni]] | 2034 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1011|Q1011]] | CPV | CPV | [[File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Cape Verde.svg|center|48px]] | [[Capo Verde]] | [[File:CPV orthographic NaturalEarth.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Praia]] | 4033 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q800|Q800]] | CRI | CRC | [[File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Costa Rica.svg|center|48px]] | [[Costa Rica]] | [[File:Costa Rica (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3070|San José]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 51179.92 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_285fd8606b2550d805b3727c2d7de01b8b2d241b09c78d835b52e9c55cb22733">https://files.snitcr.go.cr/boletines/ACTUALIZACION_DE_LAS_AREAS_CONTINENTAL_E_INSULAR_DE_COSTA_RICA_02_07_2021.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_ddab406ed76bc355fe46531eaf50bcae55bbbe305380b0bc0306ebb912b36599">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/costa-rica</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q3405693|Q3405693]] | CRQ | | [[File:Flag of Sark.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Sark.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q3405693|Sark]]'' | [[File:Guernsey-Sark.png|center|48px]] | | | 5.5 kilometro quadrate | [[insula]]<br/>''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q64953083|car-free place]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q33946|Q33946]] | CSK | TCH | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Czechoslovakia (1960–1990).svg|center|48px]] | [[Checoslovachia]] | [[File:Czechoslovakia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Praga]] | 127900 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2618621|Q2618621]] | CTE | | | | ''[[:d:Q2618621|Canton and Enderbury Islands]]'' | | | | | ''[[:d:Q734818|condominium]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q241|Q241]] | CUB | CUB | [[File:Flag of Cuba.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Cuba.svg|center|48px]] | [[Cuba]] | [[File:Cuba (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Havana]] | 109884 kilometro quadrate | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q849866|communist state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q25279|Q25279]] | CUW | | [[File:Flag of Curaçao.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Curaçao.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25279|Curaçao]]'' | [[File:Curacao in its region.svg|center|48px]] | NL-CW<ref name="ref_a79facb7c77a4d17adb234b1eb74d3b9373e6d448dc9064422a0639025f813d0">''[[:d:Q14005|MusicBrainz]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q132679|Willemstad]]'' | 444 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q15304003|pais del Regno del Paises Basse]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q31063|Q31063]] | CXR | | [[File:Flag of Christmas Island.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Insula de Natal]] | [[File:Christmas Island on globe (Southeast Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q30980|Flying Fish Cove]]'' | 135 kilometro quadrate | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>[[insula]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11687019|external territory of Australia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5785|Q5785]] | CYM | CAY | [[File:Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Cayman Islands Coat of Arms.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q5785|Cayman Islands]]'' | [[File:Cayman Islands in United Kingdom.svg|center|48px]] | KY | ''[[:d:Q172996|George Town]]'' | 264 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q229|Q229]] | CYP | CYP | [[File:Flag of Cyprus.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Cyprus (2006).svg|center|48px]] | [[Cypro]] | [[File:EU-Cyprus highlighted.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Nicosia]] | 9242.45 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_d9beda03a013a6c352d53ac5fb5688fc429b1fc4804c0e241d33df84f1b3b758">http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/F2876E52BD240C56C2257EB4003C3ED4/$file/DEGREE_URBANISATION-2016.xls?OpenElement</ref><ref name="ref_d9beda03a013a6c352d53ac5fb5688fc429b1fc4804c0e241d33df84f1b3b758">http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/F2876E52BD240C56C2257EB4003C3ED4/$file/DEGREE_URBANISATION-2016.xls?OpenElement</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q213|Q213]] | CZE | CZE | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Chec]] | [[File:EU-Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Praga]]<ref name="ref_3e5b9bab813465412853331eda013f076fbcdd7ad1a4220fc096b9ec9c3819bf">''[[:d:Q2948382|Constitution of the Czech Republic]]''</ref> | 78871 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_9ee41a8991616554164e89056c906d4d44818b64305baad938165ac299409ac2">https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-vyhledavani&vyhltext=plochy&bkvt=cGxvY2h5&katalog=all&pvo=ZPR15</ref> | [[pais]]<ref name="ref_8645e6affd6454487e5530ed31ed7a90de88f9b018af1bac5423f56ba4bfad7f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/czech-republic</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_3e5b9bab813465412853331eda013f076fbcdd7ad1a4220fc096b9ec9c3819bf">''[[:d:Q2948382|Constitution of the Czech Republic]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | pais de Europa |- | [[:d:Q16957|Q16957]] | DDR | GDR | [[File:Flag of the German Democratic Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:State arms of the German Democratic Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Democratic German]] | [[File:East Germany 1956-1990.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q56037|East Berlin]]'' | 108179 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q183|Q183]] | DEU | GER<ref name="ref_7051b4fa8b9e1fd011a3751668a1a7d17dace442ab69f795ae7cd785f21ca7e6">https://www.laenderdaten.de/kuerzel/olympia.aspx</ref><ref name="ref_14f12b58ecf7e955915f42a62d53c127443a3805dc49bc5b11cfcbf6a89c6802">''[[:d:Q28796597|Olympic.org athletes database]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79e4d44474c511272c7ee74bc50614da858523aec6ef10464aea6ef133b76b29">https://www.worlddata.info/countrycodes.php</ref> | [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_1d422822f174182146a3ebf7ed95f411618ba7c64ac7d21c1e4fe9147edeb999">''[[:d:Q56045|Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany]]''</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of Germany.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_11c58e234a71f0ec3d872899c95229d35f6a2ae223d651ae1922c4d9cc861118">''[[:d:Q836156|Federal Law Gazette]]''</ref> | [[Germania]] | [[File:Germany (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Berlin]]<ref name="ref_1d422822f174182146a3ebf7ed95f411618ba7c64ac7d21c1e4fe9147edeb999">''[[:d:Q56045|Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany]]''</ref><ref name="ref_22390ecfe75e90e8a84d49610b605c042f29948974bc2059607ac63abe076a08">https://www.bmi.bund.de/DE/themen/verfassung/staatliche-symbole/hauptstadt/hauptstadt-artikel.html</ref><ref name="ref_28b4a876afe5bc29aa93ea5e1d077508e10499391b0dca5ba9a493d360bd35a8">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/germany</ref> | 357587.77 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_c30c744cc8d1683921d063fbb9edf67b0445ec100626745fbcbc647782c7bed5">https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/85921/ssoar-2023-seeger_et_al-Kritische_Flachenfragen_-_Flachenveranderungen_und.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y&lnkname=ssoar-2023-seeger_et_al-Kritische_Flachenfragen_-_Flachenveranderungen_und.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_0e8d288976e5fc82ece1969aac468ee1b37e61ce5becb93cfcc5ed975493294e">''[[:d:Q1206379|General Treaty]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0aaaa5a7a82b0a7c136905d5fdcea358424e8a04be48b9d47cb8e8cd8be10345">https://www.ndr.de/geschichte/chronologie/Deutschlandvertrag-Wie-die-Bundesrepublik-souveraen-wurde,deutschlandvertrag100.html</ref><ref name="ref_2ebe9814d2917c7003bf83a374e6ebc357663e1b2a5ad7faa6d40ad2e07afc3d">https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/579364/034b11190e6f59ada9686600ee020f37/wd-3-119-09-pdf-data.pdf</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q798431|Q798431]] | DHY | | [[File:Flag of Benin.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Dahomey (1958–1964).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q798431|Republic of Dahomey]]'' | [[File:Benin in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Porto-Novo]] | | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1138279|associated state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q977|Q977]] | DJI | DJI | [[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Djibouti.svg|center|48px]] | [[Djibuti]] | [[File:Djibouti (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Djibuti (citate)|Djibuti]] | 23200 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | pais de Africa |- | [[:d:Q784|Q784]] | DMA | DMA | [[File:Flag of Dominica.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Dominica.svg|center|48px]] | [[Dominica (pais)|Dominica]] | [[File:Dominica on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q36281|Roseau]]'' | 751.096551 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q35|Q35]] | DNK | DEN | [[File:Flag of Denmark.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National coat of arms of Denmark.svg|center|48px]] | [[Danmark]] | [[File:Denmark (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Copenhagen]]<ref name="ref_2ab2d3efd2b6883b381ce9a652bd0a5322344d6df7b3edab85734fc96927cc79">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/denmark</ref> | 42925.46 kilometro quadrate | [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20181813|colonial power]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q66724388|autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q786|Q786]] | DOM | DOM | [[File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Dominican]] | [[File:Dominican Republic (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Santo Domingo]] | 48670.82 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_4abceb84df88466e423d116c50d9971c4498b76c685f15eaca23a783c8e7515f">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/dominican-republic/summaries/#geography</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q262|Q262]] | DZA | ALG | [[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National Emblem of Algeria (bronze effect).svg|center|48px]] | [[Algeria]] | [[File:Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Alger]] | 2381741 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<ref name="ref_0d68ad2342f20c5aedf1007877b78f219bf3c78c3bafc42a9ec6a9bf41b84f47">''[[:d:Q111513095|Algérie, la tierce rive en Méditerranée]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q736|Q736]] | ECU | ECU | [[File:Flag of Ecuador.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Ecuador.svg|center|48px]] | [[Ecuador]] | [[File:ECU orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Quito]] | 257204.27 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_41cd80a6a4bbc555bafe2260afacfcf284688b2bea0c2739219b918d0f0e36bc">https://www.censoecuador.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/01_2022_CPV_Estructura_poblacional.xlsx</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q79|Q79]] | EGY | EGY | [[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Egypt (Official).svg|center|48px]] | [[Egypto]] | [[File:EGY orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Cairo]] | 1010407.87 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais transcontinental]]<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q986|Q986]] | ERI | ERI | [[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Eritrea (or argent azur).svg|center|48px]] | [[Eritrea]] | [[File:Eritrea (Africa orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asmara]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 117600 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q6250|Q6250]] | ESH | | | | [[Sahara Occidental]] | [[File:Location Western Sahara AU Africa.svg|center|48px]] | | | 266000 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_f226f10d202b7e4f0418bdff05b1a1f1b29872374382df6b8b7442b6cb1ec5b5">https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2016/Table03.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q29|Q29]] | ESP | ESP<br/>SPA<ref name="ref_441ce199c513a152aef7457e8d9baa34eaaafd6b369d45f9de3c14d47f6defc1">''[[:d:Q180672|list of IOC country codes]]''</ref> | [[File:Flag of Spain.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de España (variant).svg|center|48px]] | [[Espania]] | [[File:Spain on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Madrid]]<ref name="ref_71f48b845957dc61c36dc7c60d2661c2aebd68d9cc47907d548c76e59c9d3dc3">''[[:d:Q847664|constitution of Spain]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref> | 505990 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_71259f2df20025f4f6ebfbd2cea3654df36bc05b2af744c8bb54649653486875">http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/anuario08/anu08_01entor.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_c0734c4a4c9f9a09f2283bfb005697cd4dea47545ed0aea5eb3d79a7b3dc6766">https://books.google.es/books?id=dciHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14&dq=espa%C3%B1a+estado+soberano&hl=es&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjZvb7YgdqKAxW9TaQEHYi1L-AQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=espa%C3%B1a%20estado%20soberano&f=false</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''<ref name="ref_c0734c4a4c9f9a09f2283bfb005697cd4dea47545ed0aea5eb3d79a7b3dc6766">https://books.google.es/books?id=dciHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14&dq=espa%C3%B1a+estado+soberano&hl=es&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjZvb7YgdqKAxW9TaQEHYi1L-AQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=espa%C3%B1a%20estado%20soberano&f=false</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_816656db543d7f192ac0f5eedc1b0406efcaf2501630b58d76d99c4105e7ce6b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/spain</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<ref name="ref_f6e643aeb8317c43addd1338add17398b2150b82005b8eb7fe9f4a62db4f1a20">https://www.miteco.gob.es/content/dam/miteco/es/biodiversidad/temas/espacios-protegidos/pbl_rn_region_mediterranea_tcm30-197189.pdf</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q179671|nation state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q191|Q191]] | EST | EST | [[File:Flag of Estonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Estonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Estonia]] | [[File:EU-Estonia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tallinn]] | 45335 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_4653dfca016f1bd2f5883046c58081f4802a23cbdfacca99b1a6483a87daac2b">https://maaamet.ee/uudised/kingitus-eesti-sunnipaevaks-eesti-sai-95-saare-vorra-rikkamaks</ref> | [[pais]]<ref name="ref_89858635d1d4e1e5cf622dbd9ab76a49f5468813d004350e3380e228dd35b83d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/estonia</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_54e342fdf5e3df1445603c89567af796e487dcfef339f4a0ae5ed1b3fe9ffe09">https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/ee/521052015001/consolide/current</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q115|Q115]] | ETH | ETH | [[File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Ethiopia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Ethiopia]] | [[File:Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Addis Abeba]] | 1104300 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_edc2fab86e50cec4422ea17373796e8bf33c96df1568995feb78f6aff375f401">''[[:d:Q87326639|МСЭ2/Эфиопия]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q33|Q33]] | FIN | FIN | [[File:Flag of Finland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Finlandia]] | [[File:Finland on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Helsinki]]<ref name="ref_318da0135bfb25d1f42d651688f070b4056ca932b27cf562763c8b665a912c1c">''[[:d:Q14334357|Suomen historian pikkujättiläinen]]''</ref> | 338478.34 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_45fa35ad65f8e138eaadf805bf5345a74d1792fe016fc52eff727dd0c68b6042">''[[:d:Q117800624|Area of Finland's municipalities 2023-01-01]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_318da0135bfb25d1f42d651688f070b4056ca932b27cf562763c8b665a912c1c">''[[:d:Q14334357|Suomen historian pikkujättiläinen]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q712|Q712]] | FJI | FIJ | [[File:Flag of Fiji.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Fiji.svg|center|48px]] | [[Fiji]] | [[File:Fiji (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Suva]]<ref name="ref_202d137c6425b2a43a20e310db64cbd63e6934c5462ed66403c3e1a2d82eeab6">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fj.html</ref> | 18274 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_202d137c6425b2a43a20e310db64cbd63e6934c5462ed66403c3e1a2d82eeab6">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fj.html</ref> | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q9648|Q9648]] | FLK | FLK | [[File:Flag of the Falkland Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of the Falkland Islands (relief).svg|center|48px]] | [[Insulas Falkland]] | [[File:Location map of the Falklands – Alternative version 4.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q12245|Stanley]]'' | 12200 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]'' | archipelago in le Atlantico meridional, e un territorio britannic de ultramar, disputate per Argentina |- | [[:d:Q142|Q142]] | FRA | FRA | [[File:Flag of France.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_24586f4cbffe0665081df82c9c5e73f79348356487223b2dc34f514cfc958a02">https://www.europe1.fr/politique/info-e1-le-drapeau-francais-a-change-de-couleur-4076943</ref> | [[File:Arms of the French Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Francia]] | [[File:EU-France (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Paris]] | 643801 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_a92d077c5f3818620affb2a5d7c48fa8255ac5b86d0bca5eb9961dbcf2aaf058">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/france</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q4628|Q4628]] | FRO | FRO | [[File:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Faroe Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Insulas Feroe]] | [[File:Europe-Faroe Islands.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tórshavn]] | 1399 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q66724388|autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]'' | pais constitutive del Regno de Danmark |- | [[:d:Q702|Q702]] | FSM | FSM | [[File:Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Statos Federate de Micronesia|Micronesia]] | [[File:Micronesia on the globe (Micronesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q42751|Palikir]]'' | 702 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q212429|Q212429]] | FXX | | | | ''[[:d:Q212429|metropolitan France]]'' | | | [[Paris]] | 543940 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1000|Q1000]] | GAB | GAB | [[File:Flag of Gabon.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Gabon.svg|center|48px]] | [[Gabon]] | [[File:Gabon (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Libreville]] | 267667 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q145|Q145]] | GBR | GBR | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_2e1423dcb8b790e2e90a3897a27b6871f1f66485f3fef42b8884658e2a229779">https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/resources/union-flag-approved-designs</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (2022, variant 2).svg|center|48px]] | [[Regno Unite]] | [[File:Europe-UK.svg|center|48px]] | GB-UKM | [[London]] | 242495 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_0d356e1a2755f6d5be930f6bc59055a2c20ee6f0f75bdfd374f011057ad93137">https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012/Table03.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_07aba9f4379b9bcc0a6454827692516fc6c733e43765fde9ef8e09c53c9b2bab">https://www.legislation.gov.uk/aip/Geo3/40/38</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20181813|colonial power]]''<br/>[[stato insular]] | |- | [[:d:Q1050859|Q1050859]] | GEL | | [[File:Flag of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1937–1976).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1937-1979).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1050859|Gilbert and Ellice Islands]]'' | [[File:LocationGilbertandEllice.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q131233|South Tarawa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q230|Q230]] | GEO | GEO | [[File:Flag of Georgia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Greater coat of arms of Georgia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Georgia (pais)|Georgia]] | [[File:Europe-Georgia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tbilisi]] | 69700 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4209223|stato de derecto]]''<br/>[[pais transcontinental]]<br/>''[[:d:Q236036|republic of the Soviet Union]]''<ref name="ref_5c230e70bc98bbb5feb57eebe6a26f1f466f19895c08275dad9169e8102d4f75">https://iverieli.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/274221/1/Komunisti_1921_N1.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q25230|Q25230]] | GGY | | [[File:Flag of Guernsey.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guernsey.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25230|Guernsey]]'' | [[File:Europe-Guernsey.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q174262|Saint Peter Port]]''<ref name="ref_d7f3fbf911ccc5e0cabba1efbe3a7d2fe53e36a359a9eb710109378e62030924">''[[:d:Q4041526|Internetowa encyklopedia PWN]]''</ref> | 78 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4996207|bailiwick]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q117|Q117]] | GHA | GHA | [[File:Flag of Ghana.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Ghana.svg|center|48px]] | [[Ghana]] | [[File:Ghana (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Accra]] | 238535 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1410|Q1410]] | GIB | | [[File:Flag of Gibraltar.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Gibraltar1.svg|center|48px]] | [[Gibraltar]] | [[File:Gibraltar location in Europe.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Gibraltar]] | 6.843 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<ref name="ref_3d29c82e3baa841b09d9b9b3d90dfa52de4372e39fcb0938708203ec1cab03f2">https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/press/gibraltar-fact-sheets</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q2264924|port city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q900119|United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]''<ref name="ref_48b69b1d187d696733b5fe4c026ed451633a131e2317cfa1a73d9d01cc933ea8">http://www.un.org/en/decolonization/nonselfgovterritories.shtml</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q902814|border city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<ref name="ref_3d29c82e3baa841b09d9b9b3d90dfa52de4372e39fcb0938708203ec1cab03f2">https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/press/gibraltar-fact-sheets</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1200957|tourist destination]]''<br/>[[citate]]<ref name="ref_90fc85d406f4fa37137ab499b9cce2bfdb857196e9342ab74d8f58415463d6c8">https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-62710553</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q1006|Q1006]] | GIN | GUI | [[File:Flag of Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guinea]] | [[File:Guinea (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Conakry]] | 245857 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q17012|Q17012]] | GLP | | [[File:Flag of France.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guadeloupe.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guadalupe|Guadeloupe]] | [[File:Guadeloupe in France 2016.svg|center|48px]] | FR-971 | ''[[:d:Q167024|Basse-Terre]]'' | 1628 kilometro quadrate | [[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1005|Q1005]] | GMB | GAM | [[File:Flag of The Gambia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of The Gambia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Gambia]] | [[File:Gambia (orthographic projection with inset).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Banjul]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 11300 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1007|Q1007]] | GNB | GBS | [[File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Guinea-Bissau.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guinea-Bissau]] | [[File:Guinea-Bissau on the globe (Africa centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bissau]] | 36125 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q983|Q983]] | GNQ | GEQ | [[File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Equatorial Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guinea Equatorial]] | [[File:GNQ orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1140136|Ciudad de la Paz]]''<ref name="ref_4670f62228431d43ad88bf0ad1dfba386f3c50cacf86ad612695c2d620a35424">https://realequatorialguinea.com/destacado/politica/plazo-de-un-ano-para-el-traslado-de-entes-publicos-a-la-nueva-capital-politica-de-guinea-ecuatorial/</ref><ref name="ref_b2231c6e6b12db62e5fd5a94e0bca5fb0d0dafc6ac483b371b6791c858bab698">https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2026/01/04/en-guinee-equatoriale-ciudad-de-la-paz-devient-officiellement-la-nouvelle-capitale_6660479_3212.html</ref> | 28051 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q41|Q41]] | GRC | GRE | [[File:Flag of Greece.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Greece.svg|center|48px]] | [[Grecia]] | [[File:Greece on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Athenas]]<ref name="ref_7f80c57339dd698c07901fec3c81610dd872f97c45364d2194c244d9e12c1466">http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/greece/index_en.htm</ref><ref name="ref_bbccf96b5d48698decad5413c8b90dacd924a8ba54e80d8c7e2a8f52fe06c774">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gr.html</ref> | 131957 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_c2d67b9e3a07d872ee28f66d2f0e22aa78db5c8eb2e9b18c4acd26b41f3eea1f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/greece</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q769|Q769]] | GRD | GRN | [[File:Flag of Grenada.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Grenada.svg|center|48px]] | [[Grenada]] | [[File:Grenada in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q41547|St. George's]]'' | 348.5 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q223|Q223]] | GRL | | [[File:Flag of Greenland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Greenland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Groenlandia]] | [[File:Greenland (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | DK-GL | [[Nuuk]] | 2166086 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q66724388|autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]'' | Pais autonome intra le Regno de Danmark |- | [[:d:Q774|Q774]] | GTM | GUA | [[File:Flag of Guatemala.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guatemala.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guatemala]] | [[File:Guatemala on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Citate de Guatemala]] | 108889 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q171751|banana republic]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3769|Q3769]] | GUF | | [[File:Flag of France.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of French Guiana, according to the original displayed at the Museum Franconie, at Cayenne.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q3769|French Guiana]]'' | [[File:French Guiana (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | FR-973 | ''[[:d:Q44401|Cayenne]]''<ref name="ref_4058423f56ad42a5dad3cf811c43b58f4b2eac00baa2606d64175bb0c28dc229">https://www.ctguyane.fr/lassemblee/</ref> | 83534 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>[[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]] | |- | [[:d:Q16635|Q16635]] | GUM | GUM | [[File:Flag of Guam.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of Guam.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guam]] | [[File:Guam on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | US-GU | ''[[:d:Q30988|Hagåtña]]'' | 544 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_e2f611e48ca35a2ee76d828427ab1313b3e8e3f9874fc92a31963fc7fd56005b">https://www.doi.gov/oia/budget/authorities-public-law</ref><br/>[[insula]]<br/>''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_d0f09ed15666b50e8d9a68ba9dbc619bb6d784d90a7618c64f8a2f648668f919">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/gq.html</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3337001|nationality for sports]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q734|Q734]] | GUY | GUY | [[File:Flag of Guyana.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guyana.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guyana]] | [[File:GUY orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Georgetown (Guyana)|Georgetown]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 214970 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q8646|Q8646]] | HKG | HKG | [[File:Flag of Hong Kong.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Regional Emblem of Hong Kong.svg|center|48px]] | [[Hong Kong]] | [[File:Hong Kong in China (zoomed) (+all claims hatched).svg|center|48px]] | CN-HK | | 1105.69 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_23f31d605c239779ad76199ec0d06a084629017fe5bc72344b1c5ae5ba458222">http://www.landsd.gov.hk/mapping/en/publications/hk_geographic_data_sheet.pdf</ref><br/>1649.34 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_23f31d605c239779ad76199ec0d06a084629017fe5bc72344b1c5ae5ba458222">http://www.landsd.gov.hk/mapping/en/publications/hk_geographic_data_sheet.pdf</ref><br/>2755.03 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_23f31d605c239779ad76199ec0d06a084629017fe5bc72344b1c5ae5ba458222">http://www.landsd.gov.hk/mapping/en/publications/hk_geographic_data_sheet.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q779415|region administrative special]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q200250|metropole]]''<br/>[[Citate global]]<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q125470455|customs territory of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3337001|nationality for sports]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q131198|Q131198]] | HMD | | [[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Insula de Heard e Insulas de McDonald]] | [[File:Heard Island and McDonald Islands on the globe (Antarctica centered).svg|center|48px]] | | No/unknown value | 368 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q11687019|external territory of Australia]]''<br/>[[archipelago]]<br/>''[[:d:Q38048753|natural cultural heritage site]]''<ref name="ref_61c66ae5b30ad6078e22b9f22c9b9b78d9794dff664cca19b7133532d8da93fd">http://data.gov.au/dataset/2016-soe-her-aus-national-heritage</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q783|Q783]] | HND | HON | [[File:Flag of Honduras (1949–2022, 2026–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Honduras.svg|center|48px]] | [[Honduras]] | [[File:Honduras (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tegucigalpa]] | 112492 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q224|Q224]] | HRV | CRO | [[File:Flag of Croatia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Croatia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Croatia]] | [[File:EU-Croatia (orthographic projection).png|center|48px]] | | [[Zagreb]] | 56594 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_bd55e0d1c81d14774f58559de438e4defda1e12d62864cdaa1d947db0f41b791">http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/ljetopis/2011/SLJH2011.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q790|Q790]] | HTI | HAI | [[File:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Haiti.svg|center|48px]] | [[Haiti]] | [[File:Haiti (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q34261|Port-au-Prince]]'' | 27750 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_a91f5a5fe89915b02835d39667e7f996de05f72841798895019b9b8e3c417445">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/haiti/summaries/#geography</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q28|Q28]] | HUN | HUN | [[File:Flag of Hungary.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Hungary.svg|center|48px]] | [[Hungaria]] | [[File:EU-Hungary.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Budapest]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 93011.4 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_0e8a04ccdbb38c486094c3321971af7815300f2cf7c847a315389a4c541782fc">http://www.ksh.hu/apps/shop.kiadvany?p_kiadvany_id=81322</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_4483f66877946ec33f67c3904523e9d019870bd6fd337507938223bc808df79f">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hu.html</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q797422|Q797422]] | HVO | VOL | [[File:Flag of Upper Volta.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Upper Volta.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q797422|Republic of Upper Volta]]'' | [[File:LocationBurkinaFaso.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Ouagadougou]] | | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q252|Q252]] | IDN | INA | [[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National emblem of Indonesia Garuda Pancasila.svg|center|48px]] | [[Indonesia]] | [[File:Indonesia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Jakarta]] | 1904570 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1520223|republica constitutional]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q9676|Q9676]] | IMN | | [[File:Flag of the Isle of Man.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Isle of Man.svg|center|48px]] | [[Insula de Man]] | [[File:Europe-Isle of Man.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q18569|Douglas]]''<ref name="ref_ac35a63fc8a562a4bbb9c89da46194321cf422408939313f1721fe7a3d50f4f7">https://www.gov.im/about-the-government/departments/cabinet-office/media-centre/isle-of-man-an-overview/</ref> | 572 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q668|Q668]] | IND | IND | [[File:Flag of India.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of India.svg|center|48px]] | [[India]] | [[File:India (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Nove Delhi]] | 3287263 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q43448|Q43448]] | IOT | | [[File:Flag of the Commissioner of the British Indian Ocean Territory.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the British Indian Ocean Territory.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q43448|British Indian Ocean Territory]]'' | [[File:British Indian Ocean Territory on the globe (Afro-Eurasia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | No/unknown value<br/>''[[:d:Q184851|Diego Garcia]]'' | 60 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27|Q27]] | IRL | IRL | [[File:Flag of Ireland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Ireland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica de Irlanda]] | [[File:EU-Ireland.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Dublin]] | 69797 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1aca3d43d4cf0ba69f864fd92459be3c7e5347af31cbe9d7c89d86c03c615ca5">https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/key-facts-and-figures/life-eu_en</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q794|Q794]] | IRN | IRI | [[File:Flag of Iran.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Iran.svg|center|48px]] | [[Iran]] | [[File:Iran (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Teheran|Tehran]] | 1648195 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_706c979762a1bfe0bb4d75a7fa59245b9273be5b15e78cd69c3f108939e0d350">''[[:d:Q3462918|Mo'in Encyclopedic Dictionary]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q796|Q796]] | IRQ | IRQ | [[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Iraq.svg|center|48px]] | [[Irak]] | [[File:Iraq (orthographic-projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bagdad]] | 437072 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_027eec560c36675d7dfcf0ec6ab1730925cc74a759fe419ef4a03c5e837afe70">https://www.iraqiembassy.us/page/geography</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q189|Q189]] | ISL | ISL | [[File:Flag of Iceland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Iceland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Islanda]] | [[File:Iceland (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Reykjavík|Reykjavik]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 103004 kilometro quadrate | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q801|Q801]] | ISR | ISR | [[File:Flag of Israel.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Israel.svg|center|48px]] | [[Israel]] | [[File:Israel (orthographic projection) with disputed territories.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Jerusalem]]<ref name="ref_fe66d79305fe05e6daf671f160ea52ec9cc53ddcccc361d96fbbed21b69e9cfd">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/is.html</ref><ref name="ref_bed08e9baec502181b115c0518a39e715e7ea32434d2b2f8c7240f1f4d9329d1">''[[:d:Q1634035|Jerusalem Law]]''</ref> | 20770 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q38|Q38]] | ITA | ITA | [[File:Flag of Italy.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Italy.svg|center|48px]] | [[Italia]] | [[File:Italy on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Roma]]<ref name="ref_bc3d19d9b31811e635d1687f26f2bde9f4c377e9839a06c8c97a2e653aa9a4f3">http://www.governo.it/costituzione-italiana/parte-seconda-ordinamento-della-repubblica/titolo-v-le-regionile-province-e-i</ref> | 302068 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_8f75b8c83fc8103d6bd5bf19dd786289cda0d0b87d5a016400665bd155f6e6a5">https://www.tuttitalia.it/italia/</ref> | [[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref> | Italia es un pais del sud de Europa, membro del Union Europee |- | [[:d:Q766|Q766]] | JAM | JAM | [[File:Flag of Jamaica.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Jamaica.svg|center|48px]] | [[Jamaica]] | [[File:Jamaica (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Kingston]] | 10991.90954 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q918240|territorial evolution of the British Empire]]''<ref name="ref_7fd3330f2d80033c175da2dfd52ded267e02db5ca01cb0080f78f14d38bee1ac">''[[:d:Q87326082|МСЭ2/Ямайка]]''</ref><br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q785|Q785]] | JEY<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ca652d7e17bcaf3c9763053fbd648993f635d0474f5bfa63eea979be1687f653">''[[:d:Q1520117|Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names]]''</ref> | | [[File:Flag of Jersey.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Jersey.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q785|Jersey]]'' | [[File:Europe-Jersey.svg|center|48px]] | GB-JSY | ''[[:d:Q147738|Saint Helier]]'' | 118.2 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]''<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q810|Q810]] | JOR | JOR | [[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Jordan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Jordania]] | [[File:Jordan on the globe (Afro-Eurasia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Amman]] | 89341 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[Monarchia constitutional]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q17|Q17]] | JPN | JPN | [[File:Flag of Japan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Kamon of the Imperial House of Japan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Japon]] | [[File:Japan on the globe (de-facto) (Japan centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tokyo]] | 377972.28 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[stato insular]]<ref name="ref_abc3a7b6a82b0e7dce0ee5331c624e8c53edf38da63fef7cf24d52e956bcedd7">''[[:d:Q66481470|МСЭ2 / Япония]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_abc3a7b6a82b0e7dce0ee5331c624e8c53edf38da63fef7cf24d52e956bcedd7">''[[:d:Q66481470|МСЭ2 / Япония]]''</ref> | pais de Asia |- | [[:d:Q131008|Q131008]] | JTN | | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q131008|Johnston Atoll]]'' | [[File:LocationJohnstonAtoll.png|center|48px]] | UM-67 | | 2.67 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<br/>[[Atollo]]<br/>''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139595919|reef island]]''<ref name="ref_ecbd17383f1f46dc7954797b33cfc4f55f90a08051dd0f28e2baa19799e70c36">''[[:d:Q57859044|Classifying Pacific islands]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q232|Q232]] | KAZ | KAZ | [[File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Kazakhstan latin.svg|center|48px]] | [[Qazaqstan|Kazakhstan]] | [[File:Kazakhstan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Astana]] | 2724900 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais transcontinental]]<br/>[[pais]] | stato euroasiatic |- | [[:d:Q114|Q114]] | KEN | KEN | [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Kenya (Official).svg|center|48px]] | [[Kenya]] | [[File:Kenya (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Nairobi]] | 581309 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q813|Q813]] | KGZ | KGZ | [[File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Kyrgyzstan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Kirghizistan]] | [[File:Kyrgyzstan on the globe (Eurasia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bishkek]] | 199951 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]] | stato soveran in Asia central |- | [[:d:Q424|Q424]] | KHM | CAM | [[File:Flag of Cambodia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Royal arms of Cambodia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Cambodja|Cambodgia]] | [[File:Cambodia on the globe (Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Phnom Penh]] | 181035 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q710|Q710]] | KIR | KIR | [[File:Flag of Kiribati.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Kiribati.svg|center|48px]] | [[Kiribati]] | [[File:Kiribati on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q131233|South Tarawa]]'' | 811 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q763|Q763]] | KNA | SKN | [[File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sancte Kitts e Nevis]] | [[File:KNA orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q41295|Basseterre]]'' | 269.358763 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais insular caribe |- | [[:d:Q884|Q884]] | KOR | KOR | [[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of South Korea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Corea del Sud]] | [[File:South Korea (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Seoul]] | 100295 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1520223|republica constitutional]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_b56d7a5874cc979de67507be4b9d0ec0309a3055065d3b2c94872cb63e655bc8">https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Korea</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q817|Q817]] | KWT | KUW | [[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of the State of Kuwait.svg|center|48px]] | [[Kuwait]] | [[File:KWT orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q35178|Kuwait City]]'' | 17818 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q819|Q819]] | LAO | LAO | [[File:Flag of Laos.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Laos (1991-2025).svg|center|48px]] | [[Laos]] | [[File:Laos on the globe (Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q9326|Vientiane]]'' | 236800 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q849866|communist state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q465613|republica popular]]''<br/>[[pais]] | stato soveran in Asia del sud-est |- | [[:d:Q822|Q822]] | LBN | LBN | [[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Lebanon.svg|center|48px]] | [[Libano]] | [[File:Lebanon (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Beirut]] | 10452 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1014|Q1014]] | LBR | LBR | [[File:Flag of Liberia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Liberia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Liberia]] | [[File:Liberia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Monrovia]] | 111369 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1016|Q1016]] | LBY | LBA | [[File:Flag of Libya.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Government of National Unity (Libya).svg|center|48px]] | [[Libya]] | [[File:Libya (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tripoli]] | 1759541 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q760|Q760]] | LCA | LCA | [[File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Saint Lucia.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q760|Saint Lucia]]'' | [[File:Saint Lucia on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q41699|Castries]]'' | 617.012867 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q347|Q347]] | LIE | LIE | [[File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Staatswappen-Liechtensteins.svg|center|48px]] | [[Liechtenstein]] | [[File:Liechtenstein on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Vaduz]] | 160 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_dc0531c9baebf3ff52b09c3ffe8a977fc1fb9512131cb80fc2011b77431c4b64">https://www.liechtenstein.li/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q854|Q854]] | LKA | SRI | [[File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Sri Lanka.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sri Lanka]] | [[File:Sri Lanka (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q41963|Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte]]''<br/>[[Colombo]] | 65610 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1013|Q1013]] | LSO | LES | [[File:Flag of Lesotho.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Lesotho.svg|center|48px]] | [[Lesotho]] | [[File:Lesotho (orthographic projection with inset).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Maseru]] | 30355 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q171441|enclave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q37|Q37]] | LTU | LTU | [[File:Flag of Lithuania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Lithuania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Lituania]] | [[File:Lithuania on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Vilnius]]<ref name="ref_8733203edf880b0fdce16649f429617b8e0121a1c001d8d42e043cd1c7c14f6e">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lh.html</ref> | 65300 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_c92956357b061d1115c1d301b7b0e504d7c6d4547d6a61d3e759d4d2924cd32c">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17536867</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q32|Q32]] | LUX | LUX | [[File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Greater coat of arms of the grand-duchy of Luxembourg.svg|center|48px]] | [[Luxemburg]] | [[File:EU-Luxembourg.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Luxemburg (citate)|Luxemburg]]<ref name="ref_31ff9a393dcba335ef95ebe7ec7b7cfaf816029e0c224a93b1ff9dea7ef2ae2b">https://luxembourg.public.lu/dam-assets/publications/tout-savoir-sur-le-grand-duche-de-luxembourg/tout-savoir-sur-le-grand-duche-de-luxembourg-en.pdf</ref> | 2586.36 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_c8e6fd9bce7de3930a7ec00313a19aa893cc51d30d6347b8cf3d0062efa2e83f">https://lustat.statec.lu</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q165116|grand duchy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q211|Q211]] | LVA | LAT | [[File:Flag of Latvia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Latvia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Lettonia]] | [[File:Latvia on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Riga]] | 64593.76 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_f15e7acdd449cf8bf828be04e7822998114a796fa4237c50bafc336afeb1a48b">https://data.stat.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/OSP_PUB/START__ENV__DR__DRT/DRT011/</ref><br/>62226.85 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_f15e7acdd449cf8bf828be04e7822998114a796fa4237c50bafc336afeb1a48b">https://data.stat.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/OSP_PUB/START__ENV__DR__DRT/DRT011/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | republica in le nord de Europa |- | [[:d:Q14773|Q14773]] | MAC | MAC | [[File:Flag of Macau.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Regional Emblem of Macau.svg|center|48px]] | [[Macao]] | [[File:Macau locator map.svg|center|48px]] | CN-MO | | 115.3 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q779415|region administrative special]]''<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1200957|tourist destination]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q125470455|customs territory of China]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q126125|Q126125]] | MAF | | [[File:Flag of France.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:St Martin Coat.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q126125|Saint-Martin]]'' | [[File:Saint Martin in its region (zoom).svg|center|48px]] | FR-MF | ''[[:d:Q200605|Marigot]]'' | 53.2 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1028|Q1028]] | MAR | MAR | [[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Morocco.svg|center|48px]] | [[Marocco]] | [[File:Morocco WS-excluded (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Rabat]] | 446550 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_037244fce3bd4d7c276a4ba8396763fa4c76da984a2768bdcf981b8032ed4a83">https://databank.worldbank.org/views/reports/reportwidget.aspx?Report_Name=CountryProfile&Id=b450fd57&tbar=y&dd=y&inf=n&zm=n&country=MAR</ref> | [[Monarchia constitutional]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q235|Q235]] | MCO | MON | [[File:Flag of Monaco.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Monaco.svg|center|48px]] | [[Monaco (principato)|Monaco]] | [[File:Monaco on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q55115|Monaco City]]'' | 2.08 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[Principato]]<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q902814|border city]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q217|Q217]] | MDA | MDA | [[File:Flag of Moldova.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Moldova.svg|center|48px]] | [[Moldavia]] | [[File:Location Moldova Europe.png|center|48px]] | | [[Chișinău]] | 33843.5 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_320523ebb83cf98848ef4bc8a90a8d71e83172da42f7fd7a46d9be6dab1189f1">https://moldova.md/en/content/geography</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de Europa |- | [[:d:Q1019|Q1019]] | MDG | MAD | [[File:Flag of Madagascar.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of Madagascar.svg|center|48px]] | [[Madagascar]] | [[File:MDG orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Antananarivo]] | 587295 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_6f98b31dc213340ed7ea368ae286648c54dc0e5d0a6293f8f0fc74f87d768c99">https://www.instat.mg/accueil/madagascar-en-chiffre/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q826|Q826]] | MDV | MDV | [[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Maldives.svg|center|48px]] | [[Maldivas]] | [[File:Maldives (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Malé]] | 298 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | pais archipelagic de Asia |- | [[:d:Q96|Q96]] | MEX<ref name="ref_48d0ce6be950795de8ca7fff8e44dbc620d6e5a7b241a75d037258726867406a">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:MX</ref> | MEX | [[File:Flag of Mexico.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Mexico.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | [[Mexico]] | [[File:MEX orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Citate de Mexico]]<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 1972550 kilometro quadrate<br/>1964375 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q709|Q709]] | MHL | MHL | [[File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Marshall Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q709|Marshall Islands]]'' | [[File:Marshall Islands on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q12919|Majuro]]'' | 181.43 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q47863|Q47863]] | MID | | | | ''[[:d:Q47863|Midway Atoll]]'' | [[File:Midway Atoll in United States.svg|center|48px]] | UM-71 | | 2.4 square mile | ''[[:d:Q1550680|unorganized territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q221|Q221]] | MKD | MKD | [[File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of North Macedonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Macedonia del Nord|Republica del Macedonia del Nord]] | [[File:North Macedonia on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Skopje]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 25713 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q912|Q912]] | MLI | MLI | [[File:Flag of Mali.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Mali.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mali]] | [[File:Mali (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bamako]] | 1240192 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q233|Q233]] | MLT | MLT | [[File:Flag of Malta.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Malta.svg|center|48px]] | [[Malta]] | [[File:EU-Malta.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Valletta]] | 316 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_b7d4225b765f9a3f3a6ee09618f7d4756f4eeed6e4278db7bd84c056a17e386e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/malta</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q836|Q836]] | MMR | MYA | [[File:Flag of Myanmar.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:State Seal of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.svg|center|48px]] | [[Birmania]] | [[File:Myanmar on the globe (Myanmar centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q37400|Naypyidaw]]'' | 676577.2 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[republica]] | |- | [[:d:Q236|Q236]] | MNE | MNE | [[File:Flag of Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | [[Montenegro]] | [[File:LocationMontenegro.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Podgorica]]<ref name="ref_658e89be6b3befa7046c7406ff2da56adc938521f3ffca5509407b379c856cbc">https://codices.coe.int/codices/documents/constitution/5375375a-83ed-4e8a-8e0a-1bba2aa41f27</ref> | 13883 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q711|Q711]] | MNG | MGL | [[File:Flag of Mongolia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:State emblem of Mongolia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mongolia]] | [[File:Mongolia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Ulan Bator]]<ref name="ref_7d1c754bbb9c79f4e261ec07b06c3412be495db3ef2a3f0b65778cafa7f09ce7">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mongolia/</ref> | 1564116 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_7d1c754bbb9c79f4e261ec07b06c3412be495db3ef2a3f0b65778cafa7f09ce7">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mongolia/</ref><ref name="ref_de0990d91ded6a2587b53be8f3625ce4ff409b396e08794112a494368df2f7f7">https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents/52240/52240-001-iee-en.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q16644|Q16644]] | MNP<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ab6934192ea8c6c60b949cb7f56be9c127a7421c2660ed39599b39c49ad0119c">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:code:3166:MP</ref> | | [[File:Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q16644|Northern Mariana Islands]]'' | [[File:Northern Mariana Islands in Oceania (small islands magnified).svg|center|48px]] | US-MP<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q49755159|Saipan]]'' | 464 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_ff32cb157f332cb4cddd38b09ecd8e975656883a79871be675e2e30b504babe5">''[[:d:Q746368|Great Norwegian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_e2f611e48ca35a2ee76d828427ab1313b3e8e3f9874fc92a31963fc7fd56005b">https://www.doi.gov/oia/budget/authorities-public-law</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_e2f611e48ca35a2ee76d828427ab1313b3e8e3f9874fc92a31963fc7fd56005b">https://www.doi.gov/oia/budget/authorities-public-law</ref><ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ff32cb157f332cb4cddd38b09ecd8e975656883a79871be675e2e30b504babe5">''[[:d:Q746368|Great Norwegian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q609591|commonwealth]]''<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q1029|Q1029]] | MOZ | MOZ | [[File:Flag of Mozambique (1974–1975).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Mozambique.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mozambique]] | [[File:Mozambique (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Maputo]] | 801590 kilometro quadrate | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1025|Q1025]] | MRT | MTN | [[File:Flag of Mauritania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National Seal of Mauritania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mauritania]] | [[File:LocationMauritania.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Nouakchott]] | 1030700 kilometro quadrate | [[Republica islamic]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q13353|Q13353]] | MSR | | [[File:Flag of Montserrat.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Montserrat.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q13353|Montserrat]]'' | [[File:Montserrat in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q30990|Plymouth]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31006|Brades]]'' | 102 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<br/>[[insula]] | |- | [[:d:Q17054|Q17054]] | MTQ | | [[File:Flag-of-Martinique.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Martinica]] | [[File:Martinique-CIA WFB Map.png|center|48px]] | FR-972 | ''[[:d:Q81621|Fort-de-France]]'' | 1128 kilometro quadrate | [[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1027|Q1027]] | MUS | MRI | [[File:Flag of Mauritius.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Mauritius.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mauritio]] | [[File:Mauritius (orthographic projection with inset).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Port Louis]] | 2040 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_cd7c9c5c115de492113d029f3708fa8b03faa30e67fd271d607256934089be12">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/mauritius</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q1020|Q1020]] | MWI | MAW | [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Malawi.svg|center|48px]] | [[Malawi]] | [[File:LocationMalawi.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Lilongwe]]<ref name="ref_e9d47c1ac01ff1fcbece0251f7a08c769ebd792ca695bd3a26bf7610666ff868">http://www.statoids.com/umw.html</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 118484 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_023fd9e86284bb6bb15e473196c9098e8a841169db7a8bd108cfe86db9ec643f">https://dbpedia.org/page/Malawi</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q833|Q833]] | MYS<ref name="ref_91ced5a92c53470c76e4c318a3e14e7348c772d5741a91228cccdd5a43e6e26a">''[[:d:Q292649|AGROVOC]]''</ref> | MAS | [[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Malaysia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Malaysia]] | [[File:Malaysia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Kuala Lumpur]] | 330803 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_0d356e1a2755f6d5be930f6bc59055a2c20ee6f0f75bdfd374f011057ad93137">https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012/Table03.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1951661|member states of ASEAN]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q17063|Q17063]] | MYT | | [[File:Flag of Mayotte (Local).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Mayotte.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q17063|Mayotte]]'' | [[File:Mayotte (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | FR-976 | ''[[:d:Q132676|Mamoudzou]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q846048|Dzaoudzi]]'' | 374 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>[[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]] | |- | [[:d:Q1030|Q1030]] | NAM | NAM | [[File:Flag of Namibia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Namibia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Namibia]] | [[File:LocationNamibia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Windhoek]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 825615 kilometro quadrate | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q33788|Q33788]] | NCL | | [[File:Flag of FLNKS.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of New Caledonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nove Caledonia]] | [[File:New Caledonia in France (zoomed).svg|center|48px]] | FR-NC | ''[[:d:Q9733|Nouméa]]'' | 18576 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1032|Q1032]] | NER | NIG | [[File:Flag of Niger.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Niger.svg|center|48px]] | [[Niger]] | [[File:LocationNiger.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Niamey]] | 1267000 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q31057|Q31057]] | NFK | | [[File:Flag of Norfolk Island.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Norfolk Island.svg|center|48px]] | [[Norfuk Ailen]] | [[File:Australia in its region (Norfolk Island special).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q30963|Kingston]]'' | 34.6 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q11687019|external territory of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14192199|territory of Australia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1033|Q1033]] | NGA | NGR | [[File:Flag of Nigeria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nigeria]] | [[File:LocationNigeria.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Abuja]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 923768 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q512187|republica federal]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_b8c50fa2d8e3156c148a83db2383a7989df01611ed6cdf3e2f2974120c846783">https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/nigeria</ref><ref name="ref_7c16b139c1c51716df89b9fa1b129d4c530567a8ed5b275075fd91aaa2b1a2f9">https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/nigeria.htm</ref><ref name="ref_85f1e39a5788c1aa07c69ec708f789307f51c414537a388e555de05af05c6fc5">https://photos.state.gov/libraries/nigeria/487468/pdfs/Nigeria%20overview%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf</ref><ref name="ref_76c1c3d9335871d3018c93daa405050159f0c30ae60630766a04d7d5a9c48396">https://www.forbes.com/places/nigeria/?sh=171606ed4b80</ref><ref name="ref_20e6f4914c5b7943b46d51c4f77d5302928b5e184ea5d6fa9bb5b6d4bc73b833">https://www.lonelyplanet.com/nigeria</ref><ref name="ref_ac96336048c4cbe3228acfb72a8083a12fdf9afbfeb00ef881255ae3f37b5dd7">https://www.state.gov/countries-areas/nigeria/</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q752431|Q752431]] | NHB | | [[File:Flag of New Hebrides (1969).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of New Hebrides.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q752431|New Hebrides]]'' | [[File:LocationVanuatu.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q37806|Port Vila]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q734818|condominium]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q811|Q811]] | NIC | NCA | [[File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Nicaragua.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nicaragua]] | [[File:Nicaragua (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Managua]] | 120340 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q34020|Q34020]] | NIU | | [[File:Flag of Niue.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Niue.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q34020|Niue]]'' | [[File:Niue on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q30966|Alofi]]'' | 260 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q1138279|associated state]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q29999|Q29999]] | NLD | | [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Royal coat of arms of the Netherlands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Regno del Paises Basse]] | [[File:Kingdom of the Netherlands in its region (special marker).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Amsterdam]] | 42201 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20181813|colonial power]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q20|Q20]] | NOR | NOR | [[File:Flag of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | [[Norvegia|Norvega]] | [[File:Europe-Norway.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oslo]]<ref name="ref_238811c00bbde06ebcef712fe55f6c4e005d6573d58ef9fc61e20136bd11c169">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/no.html</ref> | 385207 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_f075e29ba400602608c9d0f2742b56de53a853804ebebcbdaa889a2bc9ca10eb">https://www.kartverket.no/kunnskap/Fakta-om-Norge/Arealstatistikk/Arealstatistikk-Norge/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_238811c00bbde06ebcef712fe55f6c4e005d6573d58ef9fc61e20136bd11c169">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/no.html</ref> | pais in Europa |- | [[:d:Q837|Q837]] | NPL | NEP | [[File:Flag of Nepal.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Nepal.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nepal]] | [[File:Nepal (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Kathmandu]] | 147181.254346 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[region]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q842112|staato socialista]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q697|Q697]] | NRU | NRU | [[File:Flag of Nauru.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Nauru.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nauru]] | [[File:Nauru on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q31026|Yaren District]]'' | 21 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q664|Q664]] | NZL | NZL | [[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of New Zealand.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nove Zelanda]] | [[File:NZL orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q23661|Wellington]]'' | 268021 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_c6871316bdeb1556c2cb74d8cc18cbb2d6fdef879d68bebda378e8b70461e1f2">https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/research-papers/document/00PLLawRP07041/new-zealand-sovereignty-1857-1907-1947-or-1987</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[stato insular]] | |- | [[:d:Q842|Q842]] | OMN | OMA | [[File:Flag of Oman.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National emblem of Oman.svg|center|48px]] | [[Oman]] | [[File:Oman (better) (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3826|Muscat]]'' | 309500 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[Sultanato]] | |- | [[:d:Q843|Q843]] | PAK | PAK | [[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:State emblem of Pakistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Pakistan]] | [[File:Pakistan on the globe (de-facto and claimed hatched) (Afro-Eurasia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Islamabad]] | 881913 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q804|Q804]] | PAN | PAN | [[File:Flag of Panama.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Panama.svg|center|48px]] | [[Panama]] | [[File:PAN orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3306|Panama City]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 74177.3 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q129237|Q129237]] | PCI | | [[File:Flag of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands seal.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q129237|Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands]]'' | [[File:TTPI-locatormap.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q51679|Saipan]]'' | 1779 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q985073|United Nations trust territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q35672|Q35672]] | PCN | | [[File:Flag of the Pitcairn Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Pitcairn Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Insulas Pitcairn]] | [[File:Pitcairn Islands on the globe (French Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q48273|Adamstown]]'' | 47 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<br/>[[archipelago]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q419|Q419]] | PER | PER | [[File:Flag of Peru.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg|center|48px]] | [[Peru]] | [[File:Peru (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Lima]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 1285216 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q928|Q928]] | PHL | PHI | [[File:Flag of the Philippines.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Philippines.svg|center|48px]] | [[Philippinas]] | [[File:Philippines on the globe (Philippines centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Manila]]<ref name="ref_01aac3c759e861d6e11985d3182736b2bd46d01347aaabb615453532a383935e">https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1976/05/29/presidential-decree-no-940-s-1976/</ref> | 343448 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_da04ee1e5298ffc3f89a617aab5529b595ed35254e4b9b068dd84e3e3bd705d7">https://www.gov.ph/about-the-philippines</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_81ccc0a78ceeb0d2999af5af7bc2806ac346781fcd398871eaf267afc8de71d0">http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[stato insular]] | |- | [[:d:Q695|Q695]] | PLW | PLW | [[File:Flag of Palau.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of Palau.svg|center|48px]] | [[Palau]] | [[File:Palau on the globe (Southeast Asia centered) (small islands magnified).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q515229|Ngerulmud]]'' | 465.550362 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q691|Q691]] | PNG | PNG | [[File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National emblem of Papua New Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Papua Nove Guinea]] | [[File:Papua New Guinea (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Port Moresby]] | 462840 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[Monarchia constitutional]] | |- | [[:d:Q36|Q36]] | POL | POL | [[File:Flag of Poland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Herb Polski.svg|center|48px]] | [[Polonia]] | [[File:Poland on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Varsovia]] | 312683 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_befea119af7b88a867f718383855db6d3f58746b050d5fd52e4d98760829a83e">''[[:d:Q9311474|Statistical Yearbook of Poland]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1183|Q1183]] | PRI | PUR | [[File:Flag of Puerto Rico.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.svg|center|48px]] | [[Porto Rico]] | [[File:LocationPuertoRico.svg|center|48px]] | US-PR | ''[[:d:Q41211|San Juan]]'' | 9104 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_dfc403209caf0578c8559357b9205638ab0e828262f336253dc24a8fdeb22bd0">https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6444&context=faculty_scholarship</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7252696|Provincial deputation in Spanish America]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3502482|region cultural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q609591|commonwealth]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q423|Q423]] | PRK | PRK | [[File:Flag of North Korea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of North Korea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Corea del Nord]] | [[File:LocationNorthKorea.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Pyongyang]] | 120540 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q465613|republica popular]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1309121|hermit kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3303230|pariah state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q45|Q45]] | PRT | POR | [[File:Flag of Portugal (official).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Portugal.svg|center|48px]] | [[Portugal]] | [[File:Portugal on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Lisbona]]<ref name="ref_2274eec7680da6de2af360ad52dc0dcb205135a73c09adf2640233a86ab74895">https://lisbonne.net/lisbonne-pas-capitale-du-portugal</ref> | 92225 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_75175874fc4cffd6c95463ffa3b26c832005e827e7b1a3e1d02a14147ea413cd">https://www.pordata.pt/Municipios/Superf%C3%ADcie-57</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_7dd3b4f770cc92367bf28c3810ee5f21e0cc00e546274fe622cc301b1595ad35">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/portugal</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q733|Q733]] | PRY | PAR | [[File:Flag of Paraguay.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Paraguay.svg|center|48px]] | [[Paraguay]] | [[File:PRY orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asunción]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 406756 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q219060|Q219060]] | PSE<ref name="ref_3f75e303bf4853c467c06725a05dba6eeb7112ce137fb140bdc7a80e567b6d9a">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#search</ref> | PLE | [[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Palestine.svg|center|48px]] | [[Stato de Palestina]] | [[File:State of Palestine (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q212938|East Jerusalem]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q158119|Ramallah]]''<ref name="ref_e373230b332bc8177b0098f33774f1a4492a79d7d62597005d44a4128be938d0">https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna40431737</ref> | 6020 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_266d0550f01fca36f989386d46dce4355da2265e8abd09025eb4f991b43ef0f0">https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/occupied-palestinian-territory-humanitarian-atlas-2019</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_61cb9542cfec0192ac28895ad39604419ece3afcc2d24629fa49d44e66ca8713">https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-statehood-idUSBRE8AR0EG20121129</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''<ref name="ref_1aa0d02a4d329d277dd84e6b641dfc97d3cea6ca9ee7087854a9c8096d827e5d">https://www.visualcapitalist.com/recognition-of-israel-and-palestine-map/</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]'' | stato partialmente recognoscite in Asia |- | [[:d:Q407199|Q407199]] | PSE | | [[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q407199|Occupied Palestinian territories]]'' | [[File:Palestinian territories (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | | 8220 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q30971|Q30971]] | PYF | | [[File:Flag of French Polynesia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of French Polynesia.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q30971|French Polynesia]]'' | [[File:French Polynesia on the globe (French Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | FR-PF | ''[[:d:Q130800|Papeete]]'' | 4167 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q846|Q846]] | QAT | QAT | [[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Qatar-2022.svg|center|48px]] | [[Qatar]] | [[File:QAT orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Doha]] | 11437 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q189898|emirato]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q17070|Q17070]] | REU | | [[File:Proposed flag of Réunion (VAR).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Armoiries Réunion.svg|center|48px]] | [[Reunion]] | [[File:Département 974 in France.svg|center|48px]] | FR-974 | ''[[:d:Q47045|Saint-Denis]]'' | 2512 kilometro quadrate | [[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q218|Q218]] | ROU | ROU | [[File:Flag of Romania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Romania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Romania]] | [[File:Romania on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bucarest]] | 238397 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_540e176c09c27df8a6aaad20084302c1382c7ec4e715c970e1db69993d860bbc">http://www.ziare.com/stiri/eveniment/romania-si-a-marit-suprafata-la-238-397-kilometri-patrati-1470103</ref><ref name="ref_7470a15f5c308b39110d7bcaa354d77ec90926aff1f81c8c3758c255095f32e4">http://www.gandul.info/stiri/acesta-este-noul-teritoriu-al-romaniei-16481528</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q159|Q159]] | RUS | RUS | [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg|center|48px]] | [[Russia]] | [[File:LocationRussia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Moscova]] | 17075400 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_37732cd1eab02c3a98ee9629d52854ad13f32935f90a43c8dbbe19b35ecdca91">https://www.britannica.com/facts/Russia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_51cfe82ebe6b6b1410c83f0e5d300685a554345e61cbb37d2ecf3e5be2d6b1ad">''[[:d:Q11836865|Declaration of the Council of Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR No. 142-N of 26 December 1991]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f61b0d5d011a8872156b5d698bf39e3bbdc7397313a70de6d7d097c7048b5b4c">''[[:d:Q652062|Constitution of Russia]]''</ref><br/>[[stato secular]]<ref name="ref_f61b0d5d011a8872156b5d698bf39e3bbdc7397313a70de6d7d097c7048b5b4c">''[[:d:Q652062|Constitution of Russia]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[pais transcontinental]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q140198949|Q140198949]] | rw | | | | ''[[:d:Q140198949|Kabeza Cell]]'' | | | | | ''[[:d:Q25701968|cell of Rwanda]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1037|Q1037]] | RWA | RWA | [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Rwanda.svg|center|48px]] | [[Ruanda]] | [[File:LocationRwanda.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Kigali]] | 26338 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_4490b87ae43e626fbfebfb40d49f2ef4e5297fad132ef9987ac30b16e91eeaaf">https://www.gov.rw/about</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[republica]] | |- | [[:d:Q851|Q851]] | SAU | KSA | [[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Saudi Arabia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Arabia Saudita]] | [[File:Saudi Arabia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3692|Riyadh]]'' | 2250000 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1df0e6a4bf2bcc4f5e58f2cb0a2d79b91b81a809eaf31edb3dab9fad198c6fa0">http://embassies.mofa.gov.sa/sites/China/AR/Guango/AboutKingdom/Pages/default.aspx</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q37024|Q37024]] | SCG<ref name="ref_a998332fc626f8b32ec1bc2e0ca26894f577cc645a6f823d717ad80c0c92bc11">https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/iso_3166-3_newsletter_i-4.pdf</ref> | SCG | [[File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q37024|Serbia and Montenegro]]'' | [[File:Serbia and Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Belgrad]]<br/>[[Podgorica]] | 102350 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1049|Q1049]] | SDN | SUD | [[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Sudan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sudan]] | [[File:Sudan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Khartum]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 1886068 kilometro quadrate<br/>1840687 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1088391|rump state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1041|Q1041]] | SEN | SEN | [[File:Flag of Senegal.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Senegal.svg|center|48px]] | [[Senegal]] | [[File:LocationSenegal.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Dakar]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 196722 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4209223|stato de derecto]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q334|Q334]] | SGP | SGP | [[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Singapore.svg|center|48px]] | [[Singapur]] | [[File:Singapore on the globe (Southeast Asia centered) zoom.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Singapur]] | 719.1 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2264924|port city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q902814|border city]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[Citate global]]<br/>''[[:d:Q108178728|national capital]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q35086|Q35086]] | SGS | | [[File:Flag of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q35086|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]]'' | [[File:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands in United Kingdom.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q393878|King Edward Point]]'' | 4066 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q192184|Q192184]] | SHN | | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q192184|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]'' | [[File:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q30970|Jamestown]]'' | 394 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q842829|Q842829]] | SJM | | No/unknown value<br/>[[File:Flag of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q842829|Svalbard and Jan Mayen]]'' | [[File:Svalbard and Jan Mayen in the world (W3).svg|center|48px]] | | | 61399 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q685|Q685]] | SLB | SOL | [[File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Solomon Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Insulas Salomon]] | [[File:Solomon Islands on the globe (Oceania centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q40921|Honiara]]'' | 28400 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1044|Q1044]] | SLE | SLE | [[File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Sierra Leone.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sierra Leone]] | [[File:Sierra Leone (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Freetown]] | 71740 kilometro quadrate | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q792|Q792]] | SLV | ESA | [[File:Flag of El Salvador.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of El Salvador.svg|center|48px]] | [[El Salvador]] | [[File:Orthographic Map of El Salvador.svg|center|48px]] | | [[San Salvador]] | 21041 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q238|Q238]] | SMR | SMR | [[File:Flag of San Marino.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of San Marino.svg|center|48px]] | [[San Marino]] | [[File:Location San Marino Europe.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1848|San Marino]]'' | 61.2 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q171441|enclave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q244381|microstate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1045|Q1045]] | SOM | SOM | [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Somalia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Somalia]] | [[File:Somalia (orthographic projection)2.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Mogadiscio|Mogadishu]]<ref name="ref_e00d7da220a8570d8c21f3e5ecb549474fb0d3ca5dfb3b5481417e5a9a7fc2d0">https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Somalia;4169147.html</ref> | 637657 kilometro quadrate | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q512187|republica federal]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q34617|Q34617]] | SPM | | [[File:Flag of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Armoiries SaintPierreetMiquelon.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q34617|Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]'' | [[File:Saint Pierre and Miquelon in France.svg|center|48px]] | FR-PM | ''[[:d:Q185678|Saint-Pierre]]'' | 242 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q403|Q403]] | SRB | SRB | [[File:Flag of Serbia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Serbia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Serbia]] | [[File:Europe-Serbia (2006–2008).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Belgrad]]<ref name="ref_c45902245eea33e4f11d3bf6ef345c5456cb8bec6ea3278dc70af18b81bc8d86">''[[:d:Q1287641|Constitution of Serbia]]''</ref> | 88499 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_5dc6c90aa11e33f2f250e2ba6c7c763c70b43d6fc03e0cab6516dfeefe6d4081">https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2021/Pdf/G20212054.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q958|Q958]] | SSD | SSD | [[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of South Sudan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sudan del Sud]] | [[File:LocationSouthSudan.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Juba]] | 644329 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_cc69373e9bad07d4f004a5f5aab7fe52f23ef8e4664c985f68ec563caa50d0ea">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-sudan/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1039|Q1039]] | STP | STP | [[File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|center|48px]] | [[São Tomé e Príncipe]] | [[File:Sao Tome and Principe on the globe (Africa centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[São Tomé]] | 1001 kilometro quadrate | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4198907|parliamentary republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q158454|biosphere reserve]]''<ref name="ref_f15cce0aaf4bcc7168adeb395beefca9131e69ae44ffbb3ed154c895c8968bd8">https://www.rfi.fr/fr/environnement/20250927-l-unesco-d%C3%A9signe-26-nouvelles-r%C3%A9serves-de-biosph%C3%A8re-dont-l-%C3%AEle-de-s%C3%A3o-tom%C3%A9-et-principe</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q15180|Q15180]] | SUN | URS | [[File:Flag of the Soviet Union (1922–1923).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Soviet Union (1923–1936).svg|center|48px]] | [[Union Sovietic]] | [[File:Soviet Union on the globe (Soviet Union centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Moscova]] | 22402200 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q730|Q730]] | SUR | SUR | [[File:Flag of Suriname.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Suriname.svg|center|48px]] | [[Suriname]] | [[File:SURINAME orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Paramaribo]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 163270 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q116052725|national geopolitical entity]]''<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q214|Q214]] | SVK | SVK | [[File:Flag of Slovakia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Slovakia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Slovachia]] | [[File:EU-Slovakia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bratislava]]<ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref> | 49033.720839 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_a7a4342b94af32933ebcce2cf712c39f8a59d3736f14ec754d7242dfd4f00729">''[[:d:Q125653046|Population density of Slovakia – SR-area-region-district, cities-rural [om7015rr] : Area (square meter)]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q215|Q215]] | SVN | SLO | [[File:Flag of Slovenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Slovenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Slovenia]] | [[File:EU-Slovenia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Ljubljana]] | 20271 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_492e1685a33864a8ecd1ef9ca439efcffe18d8ae23067530c37b93bde4e62e2f">https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/File/DocSysFile/10033/Spremembe_povrsine_Slovenije.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q22909549|unitary parliamentary republic]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q34|Q34]] | SWE | SWE | [[File:Flag of Sweden.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Great coat of arms of Sweden.svg|center|48px]] | [[Svedia]] | [[File:Sweden on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Stockholm]] | 447425.16 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1124edc9963ca21ee5771ef0570e8118e27324d5bc4bc05d7f79c63b1f77925f">https://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/sv/ssd/START__MI__MI0802/Areal2012N/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1050|Q1050]] | SWZ | SWZ | [[File:Flag of Eswatini.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Eswatini.svg|center|48px]] | [[Eswatini]] | [[File:Location Eswatini.png|center|48px]] | | [[Lobamba]]<br/>[[Mbabane]] | 17364 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais in Africa |- | [[:d:Q26273|Q26273]] | SXM | | [[File:Flag of Sint Maarten.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Wapen van Sint Maarten.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sint Maarten]] | [[File:Sint Maarten on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | NL-SX<br/>SX | ''[[:d:Q30958|Philipsburg]]'' | 34 kilometro quadrate | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15304003|pais del Regno del Paises Basse]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1042|Q1042]] | SYC | SEY | [[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Seychelles.svg|center|48px]] | [[Seychelles]] | [[File:SYC orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Victoria (Seychelles)|Victoria]] | 459 kilometro quadrate | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q858|Q858]] | SYR | SYR | [[File:Flag of Syria (2025-).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Syria (2025–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[Syria]] | [[File:Syria (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Damasco]] | 185180 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q18221|Q18221]] | TCA | | [[File:Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q18221|Turks and Caicos Islands]]'' | [[File:Turks and Caicos Islands in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q34205|Cockburn Town]]'' | 417 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | |- | [[:d:Q657|Q657]] | TCD | CHA | [[File:Flag of Chad.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Chad.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tchad]] | [[File:TCD orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[N'Djamena]] | 1284000 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q945|Q945]] | TGO | TOG | [[File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Armoiries du Togo.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_fffc7b435c279fc8e3b1f7f88e349523ca571e2226ff624cc2995bee274222ae">https://novissi.gouv.tg/en/home-new-en/</ref> | [[Togo]] | [[File:Togo on the globe (Africa centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Lomé]] | 56785 kilometro quadrate | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q869|Q869]] | THA | THA | [[File:Flag of Thailand.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Thailand.svg|center|48px]] | [[Thailanda]] | [[File:Thailand (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bangkok]] | 513119.5 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1b8baf50a56047936437bf57fa007e9f7a73385d6a7341a3edadc4bec269e1a6">http://web.nso.go.th/en/census/poph/data/090913_MajorFindings_10.pdf</ref> | [[Monarchia constitutional]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q863|Q863]] | TJK | TJK | [[File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Tajikistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tajikistan]] | [[File:Tajikistan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Dushanbe]] | 143100 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q36823|Q36823]] | TKL | | [[File:Flag of Tokelau.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Badge of Tokelau.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q36823|Tokelau]]'' | [[File:LocationTokelau.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q650847|Fakaofo]]'' | 10 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q874|Q874]] | TKM | TKM | [[File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Turkmenistan (1992–2000).svg|center|48px]] | [[Turkmenistan]] | [[File:Turkmenistan on the globe (Turkmenistan centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Ashgabat]] | 491210 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q574|Q574]] | TLS | TLS | [[File:Flag of East Timor.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of East Timor.svg|center|48px]] | [[Timor Oriental]] | [[File:Timor Leste (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q9310|Dili]]'' | 14918.72 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q678|Q678]] | TON | TGA | [[File:Flag of Tonga.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Tonga.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tonga]] | [[File:Tonga on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q38834|Nukuʻalofa]]'' | 748.506563 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q918240|territorial evolution of the British Empire]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q754|Q754]] | TTO | TTO | [[File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Trinidad and Tobago (2025).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q754|Trinidad e Tobago]]'' | [[File:Trinidad and Tobago (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q39178|Port of Spain]]'' | 5128 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q948|Q948]] | TUN | TUN | [[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Tunisia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tunisia]] | [[File:Tunisia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tunis]]<ref name="ref_88ce9717ec72824287896e8dec4b5443f0fc722f6fbb7ede486346a09909b211">https://www.britannica.com/place/Tunisia</ref> | 163610 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_f2a564e8bc55a0e6132abb0644692ca17f2c61a6cfb59027e3d0a8b03e3a1c9b">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ts.html</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q43|Q43]] | TUR | TUR | [[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Turchia]] | [[File:Turkey (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Ankara]]<ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 783562 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais transcontinental]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_9e59fb0cade2e24af05b8139af1c56c8541241a8b9a620ca0b1c15c7c4c3fc35">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q619610|social state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q339834|regional power]]''<br/>[[stato secular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q672|Q672]] | TUV | TUV | [[File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Tuvalu.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tuvalu]] | [[File:Tuvalu in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Funafuti]] | 25.14 kilometro quadrate | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q865|Q865]] | TWN | TPE<ref name="ref_57a0ad33f5b6f27f02f92a9efa64f01b99937ab26de151c23288f5b72c3c0fb2">https://olympics.com/en/news/paris-2024-olympics-full-list-ioc-national-olympic-committee-codes</ref> | [[File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National Emblem of the Republic of China.svg|center|48px]] | [[Taiwan|Republica de China]] | [[File:Locator map of the ROC Taiwan.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Taipei]] | 36193 kilometro quadrate | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5255892|republica democratic]]''<ref name="ref_a9f70626dc74e5b985084e8b1f64ad3ff7e0f85a25e82df819ca2f9557c85049">''[[:d:Q213099|Constitution of the Republic of China]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c1a15e1a1d9b909b4bb07e4dc4f5be3a202d16916c872c87fb7d5f3047286520">''[[:d:Q10926890|Fundamentals of National Reconstruction]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''<ref name="ref_c905fbbcd72d58c0d5b3cbabd51cf692c8b26048dc5f0e526c86e110f12e8bc0">https://docs.un.org/en/A/RES/2758(XXVI)</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q924|Q924]] | TZA | TAN | [[File:Flag of Tanzania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tanzania]] | [[File:Tanzania (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Dodoma]] | 947303 kilometro quadrate | [[republica]]<ref name="ref_66afe8a0af55b4c72538a606d569b267b8291b8e859cb3431b45dfa5e7e740d0">https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1036|Q1036]] | UGA | UGA | [[File:Flag of Uganda.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Uganda.svg|center|48px]] | [[Uganda]] | [[File:Uganda (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Kampala]] | 241038 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_96c78443365f47d6b9190ab9c0a9f169f7cc2ed3f7942acfef00afdbabc34b44">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/what-uganda-has-gone-through-since-1962--4787868#story</ref><br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q212|Q212]] | UKR | UKR | [[File:Flag of Ukraine.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_5ed3251867e0b91b05961b69a825c79af31d20592aa1b6c6c02c084f36419866">''[[:d:Q127974|flag of Ukraine]]''</ref> | [[File:Coat of Arms of Ukraine (Pantone).svg|center|48px]] | [[Ukraina]] | [[File:Ukraine (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Kiovia|Kiev]]<ref name="ref_d7f3fbf911ccc5e0cabba1efbe3a7d2fe53e36a359a9eb710109378e62030924">''[[:d:Q4041526|Internetowa encyklopedia PWN]]''</ref> | 603550 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_639b4cacb792146ec143caffa6445dcd00277784997c2ed13ebef532a6ddd8c4">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ukraine/#geography</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_6ffc63bfb6be52fa62e52df154cb155bb3608a135ef80e4f6f72beb583682da2">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/up.html</ref><ref name="ref_7f356e30362b34841f34d2d2aa38ba88bf15d98584825e43e49f099d271bd872">http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-30096/Ukraine</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>[[republica]]<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q619610|social state]]''<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q4209223|stato de derecto]]''<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<ref name="ref_26acfc01b6c3b5a18a274ccd29ed3d723b814fc3cbec9643244ef3238ffb54cf">''[[:d:Q1048515|political world map]]''</ref> | pais de Europa oriental |- | [[:d:Q16645|Q16645]] | UMI | | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Insulas minor peripheric del Statos Unite]] | [[File:United States Minor Outlying Island in Oceania (small islands magnified).svg|center|48px]] | US-UM | | 34.2 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_4d80a9e7ddc84c2bda41cb23318f27faf6fe7628d4c9954662c5c77f43af71a8">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:US</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q77|Q77]] | URY | URU | [[File:Flag of Uruguay.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Uruguay.svg|center|48px]] | [[Uruguay]] | [[File:URY orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Montevideo]]<ref name="ref_3fc46b9f24a8ea483e8de2a69e4e9850b7ca55f5a20994df6ed612892cc8a304">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/uruguay</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 176215 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[stato secular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1520223|republica constitutional]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q30|Q30]] | USA<ref name="ref_4d80a9e7ddc84c2bda41cb23318f27faf6fe7628d4c9954662c5c77f43af71a8">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:US</ref> | USA | [[File:Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg|center|48px]] | [[Statos Unite de America]] | [[File:United States - Location Map (2013) - USA - UNOCHA.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] | 9826675 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_158b76717a8d3648e58dc700a173d3d72f9618fe9f4fc4c9da55926b3b0d968a">https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-constitutes-united-states-what-are-official-definitions?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_fb44dbd8e36ba0b1337ed6b2078b4ca9e01a621aeb978bf3115574eb73965cec">https://www.britannica.com/place/United-States</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q265|Q265]] | UZB | UZB | [[File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Uzbekistan]] | [[File:UZB orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tashkent]] | 448978 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136361597|doubly landlocked country]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q237|Q237]] | VAT | | [[File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Vatican City (2023–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[Citate Vatican]] | [[File:Location of the Vatican City in Europe.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Citate Vatican]] | 0.49 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q171441|enclave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q570116|attraction touristic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q98116669|religious complex]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19691007|institutional complex]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q702492|area urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1200957|tourist destination]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10551526|confessional state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7396640|sacerdotal state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q757|Q757]] | VCT | VIN | [[File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sancte Vincente e le Grenadinas]] | [[File:VCT orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q41474|Kingstown]]'' | 389 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q717|Q717]] | VEN | VEN | [[File:Flag of Venezuela.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Venezuela.svg|center|48px]] | [[Venezuela]] | [[File:VEN orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Caracas]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 912050 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_90f6a005933e51fbb611f3aa52ceea99d3816700979d4b354ae5b28dd7e68559">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/venezuela/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q25305|Q25305]] | VGB | IVB | [[File:Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the British Virgin Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25305|British Virgin Islands]]'' | [[File:British Virgin Islands on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | VG | ''[[:d:Q179431|Road Town]]'' | 151 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_e77c3143946f97a1b9395ae27045f559aea6cabe773e7a9b5bc9a76e45f785d3">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/british-virgin-islands/summaries/#geography</ref> | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11703|Q11703]] | VIR | ISV | [[File:Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the United States Virgin Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q11703|United States Virgin Islands]]'' | [[File:United States Virgin Islands on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | VI | ''[[:d:Q51681|Charlotte Amalie]]'' | 346.36 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q881|Q881]] | VNM | VIE | [[File:Flag of Vietnam.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Vietnam.svg|center|48px]] | [[Vietnam]] | [[File:Vietnam on the globe (Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Hanoi]]<ref name="ref_3aed807b6075b8ef155bd1119cddbbd8e302626d754fc0a3982652f6327246b2">''[[:d:Q16481310|2013 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam]]''</ref> | 331690 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q849866|communist state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q686|Q686]] | VUT | VAN | [[File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Vanuatu.svg|center|48px]] | [[Vanuatu]] | [[File:Vanuatu on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q37806|Port Vila]]'' | 12190 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q35555|Q35555]] | WLF | | [[File:Flag of Wallis and Futuna.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:BlasonWallisetFutuna.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q35555|Wallis and Futuna]]'' | [[File:Wallis and Futuna in France (zoomed).svg|center|48px]] | FR-WF | ''[[:d:Q31002|Mata-Utu]]'' | 274 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q683|Q683]] | WSM | SAM | [[File:Flag of Samoa.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Samoa.svg|center|48px]] | [[Samoa]] | [[File:Samoa on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q36260|Apia]]'' | 2842 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1246|Q1246]] | XKS | KOS | [[File:Flag of Kosovo.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of the Republic of Kosovo.svg|center|48px]] | [[Kosovo]] | [[File:Europe-Republic of Kosovo.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Pristina]] | 10909 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_aa458e28623f0fe17ade40df0205fb0b44f4aea39e935882d7bc0ce285236eb7">https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/kosovo/2013-04-24/kosovo-and-serbia-make-deal</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q805|Q805]] | YEM | YEM | [[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Yemen (2).svg|center|48px]] | [[Yemen]] | [[File:Yemen (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2471|Sanaa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131694|Aden]]'' | 455503 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q83286|Q83286]] | YUG | | [[File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Yugoslavia (1963–1992).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q83286|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]'' | [[File:Yugoslavia 1956-1990.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Belgrad]] | 255804 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q838261|Q838261]] | YUG | | [[File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q838261|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]'' | [[File:Serbia and Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Belgrad]] | 102350 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q258|Q258]] | ZAF | RSA | [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|center|48px]] | [[Africa del Sud]] | [[File:LocationSouthAfrica.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Pretoria]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[Bloemfontein]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[Citate del Capo]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 1221037 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q953|Q953]] | ZMB | ZAM | [[File:Flag of Zambia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Zambia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Zambia]] | [[File:Zambia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Lusaka]] | 752618 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_c11b0824a3f2a6707a8190c5588e3333b8214717ff23a600d9ae0410d02ff42f">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYB2004/Table03.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q954|Q954]] | ZWE | ZIM | [[File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Zimbabwe.svg|center|48px]] | [[Zimbabwe]] | [[File:LocationZimbabwe.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Harare]] | 390757 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1dce4a8b917510d678fa50fb5300544652cf231b551806ae27c17c359782f237">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 8vhj8rygezymq8wcv435doxun8y240f 0 40567 697246 697218 2026-06-18T08:13:47Z ListeriaBot 24326 Wikidata list updated [V2] 697246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart . ?item wdt:P582 ?dtend . FILTER (?dtstart < "1942-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) FILTER (?dtstart > "1941-12-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) } |wdq= |columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description |sort=P580 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! data de initio ! data de fin ! label ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q184425|Q184425]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08<ref name="ref_106d3950064ed5a0de19d2d4579b559ab529d1e9b9ddb4ec43bb893c8e98563b">https://www.visitthecapitol.gov/artifact/sj-res-116-declaration-war-japan-december-8-1941</ref><ref name="ref_9b4a7e1a178aa857f5336f92261ac242634bf9118836e49341697552fd4ae843">''[[:d:Q455|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-09-02<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q184425|Pacific War]]'' | ''[[:d:Q718893|theater of war]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q339159|Q339159]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-16<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-01 | ''[[:d:Q339159|Battle of Borneo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q524272|Q524272]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-09-09 | ''[[:d:Q524272|South-East Asian theater of World War II]]'' | ''[[:d:Q718893|theater of war]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q631382|Q631382]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-22 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14 | ''[[:d:Q631382|Arcadia Conference]]'' | ''[[:d:Q625994|conferentia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q685181|Q685181]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05 | ''[[:d:Q685181|Japanese conquest of Burma]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q696462|Q696462]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref><br/>1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-08<br/>1942-05-10<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q696462|Philippines Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q696664|Q696664]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-31 | ''[[:d:Q696664|Malayan campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q697059|Q697059]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-25 | ''[[:d:Q697059|Battle of Hong Kong]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q698226|Q698226]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-09<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q698226|Dutch East Indies campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q699897|Q699897]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-10<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q699897|Battle of Guam]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q701967|Q701967]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-25 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08-30 | ''[[:d:Q701967|Japanese occupation of Hong Kong]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188686|military occupation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q713006|Q713006]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-29 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-06 | ''[[:d:Q713006|Battle of Corregidor]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q1141380|Q1141380]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-23 | ''[[:d:Q1141380|Battle of Wake Island]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q1280169|Q1280169]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-09 | ''[[:d:Q1280169|Battle of Prachuap Khiri Khan]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q1455285|Q1455285]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | ''[[:d:Q1455285|1941 French Open Badminton Championships]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1455275|French Open Badminton Championships]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1567696|Q1567696]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-04 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-09 | ''[[:d:Q1567696|Operation Mihailovic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1739723|Q1739723]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-26<ref name="ref_8b861c7cf0ca418004a531ea2be66b74cc54ae2bdecebd8c1bf54ce6481bf10e">https://books.google.de/books?id=KFCqBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA411</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-02<ref name="ref_8b861c7cf0ca418004a531ea2be66b74cc54ae2bdecebd8c1bf54ce6481bf10e">https://books.google.de/books?id=KFCqBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA411</ref> | ''[[:d:Q1739723|Kerch-Feodosia Landing Operation]]'' | [[Battalia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2310240|Q2310240]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-26<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-27<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2310240|Operation Anklet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q476807|military raid]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2632857|Q2632857]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-03-02<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2632857|American Theater]]'' | ''[[:d:Q718893|theater of war]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3636347|Q3636347]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-04 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07 | ''[[:d:Q3636347|Second Battle of Bir el Gubi]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q3689898|Q3689898]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-19 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-23 | ''[[:d:Q3689898|Convoy HG 76]]'' | ''[[:d:Q370330|convoy]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4174742|Q4174742]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-06 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-16 | ''[[:d:Q4174742|Yelets Operation]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4871165|Q4871165]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-16<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q4871165|Battle of Gurun]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4871343|Q4871343]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-11<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-13<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q4871343|Battle of Jitra]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4871375|Q4871375]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-30 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-02 | ''[[:d:Q4871375|Battle of Kampar]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q5975578|Q5975578]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-13 | ''[[:d:Q5975578|Niihau Incident]]'' | ''[[:d:Q876274|naval warfare]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7493863|Q7493863]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-12<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-24<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q7493863|Shelling of Johnston and Palmyra]]'' | ''[[:d:Q678146|bombardment]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q8026204|Q8026204]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-05 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-07 | ''[[:d:Q8026204|Winter Campaign of 1941–1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11232344|Q11232344]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08-26 | ''[[:d:Q11232344|daihon'ei happyō]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1962634|news broadcasting]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6158963|propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11798583|Q11798583]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-05 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07 | ''[[:d:Q11798583|Battle of Moscow Soviet counter-offensive]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q12293731|Q12293731]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-10-28 | ''[[:d:Q12293731|Symbolic War]]'' | [[guerra]] | |- | [[:d:Q12296445|Q12296445]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945<br/>1946-03-02<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q12296445|Asiatic-Pacific Theater]]'' | ''[[:d:Q718893|theater of war]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16926867|Q16926867]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-11 | ''[[:d:Q16926867|Operation Krohcol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16935073|Q16935073]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-19 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-25 | ''[[:d:Q16935073|Japanese Invasion of Davao]]'' | ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q24004363|Q24004363]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-06 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-16 | ''[[:d:Q24004363|Jelets offensief]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2001676|offensive]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27607233|Q27607233]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | ''[[:d:Q27607233|1941 French Open Badminton Championships – men's singles]]'' | ''[[:d:Q57733494|badminton event]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27607343|Q27607343]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | ''[[:d:Q27607343|1941 French Open Badminton Championships – women's singles]]'' | ''[[:d:Q57733494|badminton event]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27607455|Q27607455]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | ''[[:d:Q27607455|1941 French Open Badminton Championships – men's doubles]]'' | ''[[:d:Q57733494|badminton event]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27607566|Q27607566]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | ''[[:d:Q27607566|1941 French Open Badminton Championships – women's doubles]]'' | ''[[:d:Q57733494|badminton event]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27607687|Q27607687]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | ''[[:d:Q27607687|1941 French Open Badminton Championships – mixed doubles]]'' | ''[[:d:Q57733494|badminton event]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q28172091|Q28172091]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-06 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-25 | ''[[:d:Q28172091|Klin-Solnechnogorsk-offensief]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2001676|offensive]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q76356381|Q76356381]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-03<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-06<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | ''[[:d:Q76356381|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Riga am 03.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q76356385|Q76356385]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-06<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-09<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | ''[[:d:Q76356385|Transport von Hamburg nach Ghetto Riga am 06.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q76356389|Q76356389]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-10<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | ''[[:d:Q76356389|Transport von Köln nach Ghetto Riga am 07.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q76356393|Q76356393]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-09<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-12<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | ''[[:d:Q76356393|Transport von Kassel nach Ghetto Riga am 09.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q76356399|Q76356399]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-11<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-13<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | ''[[:d:Q76356399|Transport von Düsseldorf nach Ghetto Riga am 11.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q76356403|Q76356403]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-15<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref><ref name="ref_dd0c981d353689fa436c1c9e9a2c9d3b12253bb8a9ac68cfc541e5593d994fa3">''[[:d:Q61927352|Deportation Database]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-18<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref><ref name="ref_2089ab0e38fe502d4a0ca44a56342c1e550fdf62575ff51d1281229e7293c0dd">''[[:d:Q62019692|Abgeschoben in den Tod]]''</ref><ref name="ref_dd0c981d353689fa436c1c9e9a2c9d3b12253bb8a9ac68cfc541e5593d994fa3">''[[:d:Q61927352|Deportation Database]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q76356403|Transport from Hanover to Riga on December 15th 1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q6983405|Nazi crime]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q76420285|Q76420285]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-04 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-04<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q76420285|Transport von Prag nach Ghetto Theresienstadt am 04.12.1941 (Stab)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q79478819|Q79478819]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-02<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478819|Watercolors by George Post]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q79478822|Q79478822]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-12<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478822|Holiday Decorations]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q79478826|Q79478826]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-15<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-19<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478826|Albert M. Bender Memorial Exhibitions Including Fine Books Lent by the Roxburghe Club of San Francisco]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q79478829|Q79478829]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-15<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-28<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478829|Oil Paintings by Pauline Ivancovich]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q79478835|Q79478835]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-20<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-04<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478835|Children's Annual Exhibition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q87406448|Q87406448]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-01 | ''[[:d:Q87406448|Algemene Tentoonstelling van Kunst-Foto's - Algemeeen Kunstphoto-salon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99756347|Q99756347]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-02 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-02<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q99756347|Transport from Brünn to Ghetto Theresienstadt on 02 DEC1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99849411|Q99849411]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-04 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-04<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q99849411|Transport von Prag nach Ghetto Theresienstadt am 04.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99849573|Q99849573]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-05 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-05<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q99849573|Transport von Brünn nach Ghetto Theresienstadt am 05.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99850209|Q99850209]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-05 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-10 | ''[[:d:Q99850209|Transport von Koło in das Vernichtungslager Kulmhof am 05.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99850636|Q99850636]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-10 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-10<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q99850636|Transport von Prag nach Ghetto Theresienstadt am 10.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99851528|Q99851528]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-13 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-16 | ''[[:d:Q99851528|Transport von Münster nach Ghetto Riga am 13.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q99884641|Q99884641]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q99884641|Transport from Prague to Theresienstadt Ghetto, December 14, 1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99884673|Q99884673]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-17 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-17<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q99884673|Transport von Prag nach Ghetto Theresienstadt am 17.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q100340971|Q100340971]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-13<ref name="ref_ee716b0e747a2b1a8d1994f6b529c6ee4937c235a22dca9c34fe67edcb3ee8b2">https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11840/exh442</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-20<ref name="ref_ee716b0e747a2b1a8d1994f6b529c6ee4937c235a22dca9c34fe67edcb3ee8b2">https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11840/exh442</ref> | ''[[:d:Q100340971|Rijst-tentoonstelling]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_ee716b0e747a2b1a8d1994f6b529c6ee4937c235a22dca9c34fe67edcb3ee8b2">https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11840/exh442</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q104632763|Q104632763]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-20 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01 | ''[[:d:Q104632763|19de eeuwsche schilderijen en aquarellen uit de verzameling H. Nijgh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104632764|Q104632764]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-20 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-22 | ''[[:d:Q104632764|Nederlandsche grafiek van 1870 tot 1940]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110382445|Q110382445]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-25 | ''[[:d:Q110382445|第79回帝国議会]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1812889|legislative session]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890671|Q110890671]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-02 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-04 | ''[[:d:Q110890671|Useful Objects Under $10]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890672|Q110890672]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-02 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-04 | ''[[:d:Q110890672|Silk Screen Prints Under $10]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890673|Q110890673]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-03 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-04 | ''[[:d:Q110890673|American Photographs at $10]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890674|Q110890674]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-03 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07 | ''[[:d:Q110890674|Introduction to Modern Painting: Modern Posters]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890676|Q110890676]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-10 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25 | ''[[:d:Q110890676|Pictures for Children]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111976795|Q111976795]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-09-02<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q111976795|American Theater Anti-submarine Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111976804|Q111976804]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-11-08<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q111976804|European-African-Middle Eastern Theater]]'' | ''[[:d:Q718893|theater of war]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111977194|Q111977194]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-05-11<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q111977194|European-African-Middle Eastern Theater Air Combat Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111977313|Q111977313]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-09-02<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q111977313|European-African-Middle Eastern Theater Antisubmarine Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111977484|Q111977484]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-12-06<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q111977484|Central Pacific Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111977511|Q111977511]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-26<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q111977511|Burma Campaign 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q116147940|Q116147940]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-25 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-28 | ''[[:d:Q116147940|Christmas Battle]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q119625147|Q119625147]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-19 | ''[[:d:Q119625147|Battle of the Kerch Peninsula]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q123308271|Q123308271]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-09 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-06-09 | ''[[:d:Q123308271|Position War phase of the Continuation War]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11514315|historical period]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q241059|trench warfare]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q126046674|Q126046674]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-19 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<br/>1942-01-17 | ''[[:d:Q126046674|Dhu al-Hijjah 1360 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q137718091|Q137718091]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-03 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-01-19 | ''[[:d:Q137718091|Merlika-Kruja Government]]'' | [[governamento]] | |- | [[:d:Q139570741|Q139570741]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-05 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14 | ''[[:d:Q139570741|Battle of Chazepetovka]]'' | ''[[:d:Q180684|conflict]]'' | |} {{Wikidata list end}} cf80acgnkdx01czgjk15nkxktsbn9xj 0 40568 697244 697219 2026-06-18T07:14:49Z ListeriaBot 24326 Wikidata list updated [V2] 697244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart . ?item wdt:P582 ?dtend . FILTER (?dtstart < "1942-02-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) FILTER (?dtstart > "1942-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) } |wdq= |columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description |sort=P580 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! data de initio ! data de fin ! label ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q161033|Q161033]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-25 | ''[[:d:Q161033|Demyansk Pocket]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1569578|encirclement]]''<br/>[[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q261776|Q261776]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-05 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-03-21 | ''[[:d:Q261776|Battles of Rzhev]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q305133|Q305133]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-05 | ''[[:d:Q305133|Kholm Pocket]]'' | [[Battalia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q188055|siege]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q478315|Q478315]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-30 | ''[[:d:Q478315|Battle of Lyuban]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>[[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q558137|Q558137]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-15<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q558137|Operation Southeast Croatia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q582956|punitive expedition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q569454|Q569454]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-31 | ''[[:d:Q569454|Second Happy Time]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q610048|Q610048]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-24<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q610048|Battle of Balikpapan]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q651977|Q651977]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-14 | ''[[:d:Q651977|1941–42 Primeira Divisão]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q703482|Q703482]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-09 | ''[[:d:Q703482|Battle of Bataan]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q907163|Q907163]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-10 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942 | ''[[:d:Q907163|1942 South American Championship]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1572785|Q1572785]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q1572785|Battle of Rabaul]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q1759161|Q1759161]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08-21<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q1759161|Solomon Islands Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2034438|Q2034438]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-20 | ''[[:d:Q2034438|Rzhev-Vyazma offensive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2165376|Q2165376]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-12<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2165376|Battle of Tarakan]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q2276692|Q2276692]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08 | ''[[:d:Q2276692|New Guinea campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2369529|Q2369529]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-10-03 | ''[[:d:Q2369529|Jewish Labour Camp]]'' | | |- | [[:d:Q2392991|Q2392991]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-03<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2392991|Battle of Ambon]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q2398940|Q2398940]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0">https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=9168&grp=2&menu=Uniformed%20Services</ref> | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-01<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0">https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=9168&grp=2&menu=Uniformed%20Services</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2398940|Technician Fifth Grade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5379090|enlisted rank]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2587905|Q2587905]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-12<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2587905|Battle of Manado]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q2889419|Q2889419]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-22 | ''[[:d:Q2889419|Battle of Muar]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4287557|Q4287557]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-03 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-10 | ''[[:d:Q4287557|Медвежьегорская наступательная операция]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4870916|Q4870916]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-09 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11 | ''[[:d:Q4870916|Battle of Dražgoše]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4872395|Q4872395]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-06 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08 | ''[[:d:Q4872395|Battle of Slim River]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4873065|Q4873065]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-27 | ''[[:d:Q4873065|Battle off Endau]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1261499|naval battle]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5656259|Q5656259]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-10 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21 | ''[[:d:Q5656259|Lake Ilmen action]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q6018281|Q6018281]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_44cf491846e72826565dd5f5ed6c48f8ff6bc517888bb83043e62218b829ff6b">''[[:d:Q124566507|Taqwīm al-qurūn (Dhāt al-Salāsil, 1405h)]]''</ref><br/>1942-01-17 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-01-07<ref name="ref_44cf491846e72826565dd5f5ed6c48f8ff6bc517888bb83043e62218b829ff6b">''[[:d:Q124566507|Taqwīm al-qurūn (Dhāt al-Salāsil, 1405h)]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q6018281|1361 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4146861|Hijri year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7692371|Q7692371]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0">https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=9168&grp=2&menu=Uniformed%20Services</ref> | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-01<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0">https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=9168&grp=2&menu=Uniformed%20Services</ref> | ''[[:d:Q7692371|Technician Fourth Grade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5379090|enlisted rank]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7692374|Q7692374]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0">https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=9168&grp=2&menu=Uniformed%20Services</ref> | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-01<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0">https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=9168&grp=2&menu=Uniformed%20Services</ref> | ''[[:d:Q7692374|Technician Third Grade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5379090|enlisted rank]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q9367361|Q9367361]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-24 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-06 | ''[[:d:Q9367361|Ust-Usa uprising]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2920604|prison riot]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124734|rebellion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q15805395|Q15805395]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-29 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01 | ''[[:d:Q15805395|Deutsche Dreiband-Meisterschaft 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15805414|German three-cushion championship]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q114609228|recurring sporting event edition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q17017712|Q17017712]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-15 | ''[[:d:Q17017712|Convoy SC 67]]'' | ''[[:d:Q131656428|military convoy]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q18332219|Q18332219]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-10 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-12-30 | ''[[:d:Q18332219|Riksdagen 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q85680242|Riksdag]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q21636225|Q21636225]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-12 | ''[[:d:Q21636225|Боевые действия на Керченском полуострове]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q65241261|Q65241261]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25<ref name="ref_2150759e0e0d4e073f27b23334b9a5b01a0960b419ffa0b927bba832e19902a3">http://ibtracs.unca.edu/index.php?name=YearBasin-1942</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-12-17<ref name="ref_2150759e0e0d4e073f27b23334b9a5b01a0960b419ffa0b927bba832e19902a3">http://ibtracs.unca.edu/index.php?name=YearBasin-1942</ref> | ''[[:d:Q65241261|1942 Pacific typhoon season]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27491613|Pacific typhoon season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q76356407|Q76356407]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-09<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref><ref name="ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-transportu-z-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-12<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | ''[[:d:Q76356407|Transport von Ghetto Theresienstadt nach Ghetto Riga am 09.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q76356410|Q76356410]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-15<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | ''[[:d:Q76356410|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Riga am 11.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q76356414|Q76356414]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-16<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | ''[[:d:Q76356414|Transport von Berlin nach Ghetto Riga am 13.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q76356419|Q76356419]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-15<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref><ref name="ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-transportu-z-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-19<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | ''[[:d:Q76356419|Transport von Ghetto Theresienstadt nach Ghetto Riga am 15.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q76356422|Q76356422]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-19<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | ''[[:d:Q76356422|Transport von Berlin nach Ghetto Riga am 19.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q76356429|Q76356429]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | ''[[:d:Q76356429|Transport from Berlin to the Riga Ghetto on January 25, 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q76356432|Q76356432]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-31<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | ''[[:d:Q76356432|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Riga am 26.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q79478844|Q79478844]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-02<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478844|Chicago Council of Camera Clubs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q79478845|Q79478845]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478845|History of the Modern Poster]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q79478849|Q79478849]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-06<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478849|The Artist Uses His Skill in War: Posters Designed by a Group of Bay Region Artists]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q79478851|Q79478851]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478851|The Artist Uses His Skill In War: Models: Art in Camouflage]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q79478854|Q79478854]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-09<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478854|William Gropper]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q79478858|Q79478858]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-12<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478858|Oils by William Gerstle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q79478861|Q79478861]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478861|Exhibitions for Art Understanding]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q79478864|Q79478864]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478864|Art of Latin American Countries: Contemporary Art of the Argentine Republic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q79478867|Q79478867]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478867|Art of Latin American Countries: Contemporary Prints of Latin America, Section I]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q79478872|Q79478872]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-19<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478872|Photographs of Mexico by Maude Martin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q79478877|Q79478877]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-20<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478877|Emmy Lou Packard]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q79478882|Q79478882]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478882|The Artist Uses His Skill In War: Posters from U.S.S.R.]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q79478884|Q79478884]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q79478884|Oils by Werner Philipp]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q87406449|Q87406449]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-02 | ''[[:d:Q87406449|Jonge Sierkunstenaars]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99885166|Q99885166]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q99885166|transport from Pilsen to Ghetto Theresienstadt on January 18th 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99889221|Q99889221]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-24 | ''[[:d:Q99889221|Transport von Leipzig in das Ghetto Riga am 21.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q99889236|Q99889236]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-22 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-22<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q99889236|Transport von Pilsen nach Ghetto Theresienstadt am 22.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99889257|Q99889257]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q99889257|Transport von Pilsen in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 26.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99889382|Q99889382]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-27 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01 | ''[[:d:Q99889382|Transport von Gelsenkirchen in das Ghetto Riga am 27.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q100526795|Q100526795]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-28 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-28<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q100526795|Transport von Brünn in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 28.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q100526955|Q100526955]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q100526955|Transport von Prag in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 30.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106104733|Q106104733]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-27 | ''[[:d:Q106104733|Japanische Invasion von Celebes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106450243|Q106450243]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-02-25 | ''[[:d:Q106450243|Deportations from Brunswick]]'' | ''[[:d:Q379693|deportation]]''<ref name="ref_a21cd404e6d137d131e449ddf463b6aca031da9062ba1f72fc70eb4f1ab790f3">http://www.vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de/</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q6983405|Nazi crime]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106619215|Q106619215]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-24 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-29 | ''[[:d:Q106619215|Japanese invasion of West Borneo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890677|Q110890677]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-15 | ''[[:d:Q110890677|New Acquisitions: Latin-American Art]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890678|Q110890678]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-25 | ''[[:d:Q110890678|New Acquisitions: Photographs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890679|Q110890679]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-09 | ''[[:d:Q110890679|Dancers in Movement: Photographs by Gjon Mili]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890681|Q110890681]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-08 | ''[[:d:Q110890681|Americans 1942: 18 Artists from 9 States]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890682|Q110890682]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-28 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-02 | ''[[:d:Q110890682|The Artists' New York]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q113573421|Q113573421]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-22 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25 | ''[[:d:Q113573421|1942 German Balkline-45/2 Championship]]'' | ''[[:d:Q114609228|recurring sporting event edition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q126046678|Q126046678]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<br/>1942-01-17 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-17<br/>1942-02-16 | ''[[:d:Q126046678|Muharram 1361 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q129076438|Q129076438]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-20 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-10 | ''[[:d:Q129076438|Republic of Foča]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4345889|partisan region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11192275|Liberated territories of Yugoslavia in World War II]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q138747844|Q138747844]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-17 | ''[[:d:Q138747844|Campionat de Catalunya d'hoquei sobre patins 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |} {{Wikidata list end}} faijobhnk22xls4763khjobifjk70b3 0 43683 697231 649278 2026-06-17T15:37:16Z ~2026-35591-62 60288 697231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} Le '''Conspiration de Bielefeld'''{{linfoX}} (in [[Lingua german|germano]]: ''Bielefeld-Verschwörung'') es un satiric theoria de conspiration, aperite in [[1994]], pretendente que le citate [[Bielefeld]] non existe e que on solmente face creder su existentia. Iste theoria servi como exemplo a fin de disvelar le structura de usual theorias de conspiration o de tornar les in ridiculo. ==Theoria== Le theoria pone tres questiones que un majoritate ya nega: # Esque tu cognosce alcuno de Bielefeld? # Esque tu unquam esseva in Bielefeld? # Esque tu cognosce alcuno qui unquam esseva in Bielefeld? {{refer}} [[Categoria:Internet]] [[Categoria:Historia de Germania]] [[Categoria:Bielefeld]] 7qkhaw2mnpkqpc27hxjs2rt0z401yqi 0 55526 697232 661310 2026-06-17T15:37:44Z ~2026-35591-62 60288 697232 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Friedrich Wilhelm Voight.jpg|thumb|right|290px|Friedrich Wilhelm Voigt, le "capitano de Köpenick", 1910]] '''Friedrich Wilhelm Voigt''' (nascite le 13 de februario [[1849]] in Tilsit, morite le 3 de januario [[1922]] in [[Luxemburg (citate)|Luxemburgo]] esseva un impostor german, celebrate sub le nomine del "capitano de [[Köpenick]]" (germano: Hauptmann von Köpenick). Como scarpero sin labor e previe convicto ille pretendeva in octobre 1906 esser un officiero militar prussian in le armea. Vestite in le uniforme de un capitano ille demandava ab le administration del urbe Köpenick, hodie un parte de [[Berlin]], plus que 4.000 marcos german ab le cassa – e los recipeva. Poc dies postea, Voigt esseva capturate e condemnate a prision, ma le imperator [[Guilhelmo II]] le pardonava post duo annos. Le fraude de Voigt duceva al expression "köpenickiada" in germano super fraudatores audaciose, qui pretende esser un persona de autoritate. Le historia deveniva plus tarde un pecia pro theatro de Carl Zuckmayer, "Der Hauptmann von Köpenick" (Le capitano de Köpenick). Illo ha essite filmatisate plure vices, i.a. con Heinz Rühmann in le rolo principal. Un vice per septimana le pecia es presentate ante le ancian casa municipal in Köpenick. == Vita == Quando Friedrich Wilhelm Voigt habeva 14 annos, in 1863, ille esseva condemnate a 14 dies in prision pro furar. Ille esseva pois expellite del schola e comenciava laborar como scarpero presso su patre. Inter 1864 e 1891 Voigt esseva condemnate a prision pro in summa 25 annos a causa de furto, falsification e effraction. Le 12 de februario 1906 ille esseva liberate. == "Le capitano de Köpenick" == Le 16 de octobre 1906 Voigt habeva comprate partes de un usate uniforme de capitano ab diverse botecas e testate le effecto a soldatos. Ille se vestiva in le uniforme e iva al caserna militar, stoppava quatro grenadieres e un sergente al via verso le caserna e les ordinava accompaniar le. Ille commandava altere sex soldatos ab un campo de tiro vicin. Alora ille prendeva le traino a Köpenick, occupava le casa municipal con su soldatos e les demandava barrar omne exitos. Ille ordinava le policia a assecurar le ordine e impedir telephonatas a Berlin durante un hora via le officio postal local. Voigt arrestava duo personas e confiscava 4.002 marcos e 37 pfennige, signante con le nomine de su previe director de prision. Pois Voigt commandava duo carrossas a venir, e le grenadieres esseva commandate transportar le arrestatos a Neue Wache in Berlin pro esser interrogate. Le remanente guardas debeva remaner un medie hora, durante que Voigt meste iva al station ferroviari. Ille cambiava a vestimentos civil e dispareva. Durante le veniente dies le pressa german speculava que habeva occurrite. Le armea comenciava su proprie investigation. Le publico se amusava del villano audaciose. Le 26 de octobre Voigt esseva arrestate, e le 1 de decembre ille esseva condemnate a quatro annos de prision pro falsification, pro presentar se como officiero e pro le imprisionamento del duo personas. Ma le opinion public prendeva le parte de Voigt, e le 16 de augusto 1908 imperator Guilhelmo II le pardonava - on dice que le imperator se amusava del evento. Friedrich Wilhelm Voigt publicava in 1909 un libro in [[Leipzig]], "Wie ich Hauptmann von Köpenick wurde" (Como io deveniva le capitano de Köpenick) que vendeva ben. In 1910 ille cambiava domicilio a Luxemburgo e laborava como servitor e scarpero. Duo annos plus tarde ille comprava un casa e se pensionava, ma le inflation post le [[Prime Guerra Mundial]] destrueva su ricchessa. Ille moriva in Luxemburgo in 1922. [[Categoria:Gente german]] hrs4auyzlu1jvsnm1xxiu89uvixns14 0 60901 697240 695747 2026-06-17T22:50:31Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697240 wikitext text/x-wiki Le '''technofeudalismo''', o '''techno-feudalismo''', es un termino del annos 2020 con le qual analystas e autores describe le these que le grande corporationes de internet occupa hodie, in multe aspectos, le rolo del [[feudalismo|seniores feudal]] medieval. In loco del [[production]] classic e del [[equilibrio de mercato|mechanismos de mercato]], surgerea un [[ordine economic]] in le qual pauc [[Big Tech|gigantes technologic]] concentra tote le poter e le usatores servi como ''[[servos del gleba|servos]] del [[Cloud Computing|cloud]]''. [[Yanis Varoufakis]], per exemplo, scribe que le ''titanes del [[capitalismo de platteforma|economia digital]]'' ha transformate le [[hypercapitalismo]] in un ''systema multo plus obscur'' – le technofeudalismo<ref name="Vorwärts">''„Technofeudalismus“: Kapitalismus – und dann?'' [https://www.vorwaerts.de/kultur/technofeudalismus-kapitalismus-und-dann]</ref>. In iste ordine, interprisas como [[Google LLC|Google]], [[Apple]], [[Amazon]] o [[Facebook]] simila a [[feudalismo|seniores feudal]] digital, durante que le datos e le clics del usatores deveni le nove „[[numerario]]“ e le [[renta]] de lor „principatos del cloud“<ref name="Vorwärts" /><ref name="Kunstmann">''Technofeudalismus - Was den Kapitalismus tötete''. Yanis Varoufakis. Verlag Antje Kunstmann. Sachbuch, Politik & Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft [https://www.kunstmann.de/buch/yanis_varoufakis-technofeudalismus-9783956146046/t-0/]</ref>. == Origine e developpamento del termino == Le termino remonta a criticos economic contemporanee. Le economista francese [[Cédric Durand]] tractava in 2020 in su libro ''Technoféodalisme'' (Technofeudalismo) pro le prime vice explicitemente le idea que le grande corporationes digital age de forma simile a seniores feudal<ref name="Versobooks">''How Silicon Valley Unleashed Techno-feudalism:The Making of the Digital Economy''. Verso Books [https://www.versobooks.com/products/2790-how-silicon-valley-unleashed-techno-feudalism]</ref>. Ille describe le interprisas de Big Tech como [[capitalismo monopolistic|capitalistas monopolistic]], de qui le platteformas functiona como interprisas de servicio public – le differentia decisive es que illos collige datos de usatores via le cloud e assi expande lor poter [[monopolio|monopolistic]]<ref name="Versobooks" />. Iste „hypothese techno-feudal“ stabiliva le fundamento conceptual. Le thema attingeva un publico plus ample gratias a [[Yanis Varoufakis]]. Su libro publicate in 2023, ''Technofeudalism: What Killed Capitalism'', deveniva un del ovras plus discutite super le phenomeno<ref name="Jacobin">''Der Kapitalismus wandelt sich – aber nicht zum »Neofeudalismus«''. JACOBIN Magazin [https://jacobin.de/artikel/neofeudalismus-musk-bezos-zuckerberg-kapitalismus]</ref>. Varoufakis argumenta que le [[capitalismo]] classic ja es morte e ha essite substituite per le technofeudalismo. In interviewas e apparitiones mediatic – per exemplo in [[Wired]] o [[The Guardian]] – ille parla de ''seniores feudal digital'' e dictatos del cloud que determina le activitate economic<ref name="Wired">''Welcome to the Age of Technofeudalism''. WIRED [https://www.wired.com/story/yanis-varoufakis-technofeudalism-interview/]</ref><ref name="Guardian">''‘Capitalism is dead. Now we have something much worse’: Yanis Varoufakis on extremism, Starmer, and the tyranny of big tech''. Yanis Varoufakis. The Guardian [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/24/yanis-varoufakis-technofeudalism-capitalism-ukraine-interview]</ref>. Tamben le politologa [[Jodi Dean]] (in ''Capital’s Grave: Neofeudalism and the New Class Struggle'', 2025) describe developpamentos simile sub le concepto de [[neo-feudalismo]]: illa vide in corporationes como los in possession de [[Mark Zuckerberg]] e [[Jeff Bezos]] un abandono del [[competition (economia)|competition]] in favor de monopolios, ubi le [[profito]]s es extrahite como [[renta (economia)|renta]] – analogemente al paisanos qui antea pagava renta a lor seniores feudal<ref name="Jacobin" />. In summario, plere pensatores de sinistra ha utilisate in iste periodo terminos como technofeudalismo o neofeudalismo pro le crescente concentration de poter economic in manos de [[oligarcha]]s technologic<ref name="Jacobin" />. == Characteristicas central del technofeudalismo == In le technofeudalismo se distingue le sequente characteristicas: * '''Pyramides feudal digital''': Grande platteformas forma „principatos del cloud“ hierarchic. Le corporationes technologic trona in le culmine, durante que le interprisas classic es considerate solmente como [[vassallo]]s dependente. Varoufakis describe un mundo in le qual ''le mundo se divide in principatos digital del cloud que, analogemente al ordine feudal del Etate Medie, simila a pyramides feudal hierarchic''<ref name="Vorwärts" />. Interprisas minor servi mermente como [[structura intermedie]] pro le necessitates de production e logistica del grande corporationes. * '''Poter monopolistic e renta''': In loco del competition de mercato appare le monopolisation. Le gigantes establi monopolios e impone tributos como un renta fundiari digital. Varoufakis e Dean sublinea que le nove potentes non obtene profitos via labor productive, sed principalmente como renta<ref name="Wired" /><ref name="Jacobin" />. Assi Varoufakis explica que le App Store de Apple es fundamentalmente un ''feudo del cloud'', in le qual Apple retene un 30 % de [[commission]] – un typo de renta fundiari digital<ref name="Wired" />. * '''Usatores como servos digital''': Le population general deveni ''servos del cloud''. Datos, clics e opiniones es [[prestation de labor]] que genera [[valor (economia)|valor]] gratuite pro le platteformas. Varoufakis averti: milliones de personas es mantenite in iste systema ''como servos'', lor interactiones flue sin remuneration in le clouds omnipotente<ref name="Vorwärts" /><ref name="Guardian" />. [[Algorithmo|Systemas algorithmic]] dirige e vigila le comportamento, de modo simile a como olim le senior feudal determinava le labor de su paisanos. * '''Datos como numerario''': Simile a como in le feudalismo le terra esseva le capital, hodie le datos es considerate le ressource decisive. Grande providitores controla infrastructuras central (servidores cloud, retes social, etc.) e collige continuemente datos del usatores. Cata clic e cata „like“ augmenta lor influentia, proque le ''numerario que conduce al incredibile ricchessa del corporationes es nostre datos''<ref name="Kunstmann" />. Iste accesso complete a informationes personal substitue in multe casos le production traditional. * '''Implicantia statal e privatisation''': Le principes technologic mantene relationes stricte con le guvernamentos e assume cata vice plus de tascas quasi-statal. Expertos indica que le administration e le securitate es crescentemente [[privatisation|privatisate]], lo que debilita le controlo democratic<ref name="Watson">''Bezos-Hochzeit: Das Zeitalter des Techno-Feudalismus hat begonnen''. Watson [https://www.watson.ch/international/wirtschaft/987797213-bezos-hochzeit-das-zeitalter-des-techno-feudalismus-has-begonnen]</ref>. Assi observatores explica que le systema juridic se fragmenta e multe cosas es delegate a interprisas private – per exemplo [[interprisa de securitate e militar private|armeas private]] e [[communitate clause|communitates clause]] de grande corporationes<ref name="Watson" />. Iste developpamento monstra parallelos con le relationes de poter medieval, in le quales le dominio esseva exercite frequentemente de forma extra-statal. == Distinction del capitalismo e del feudalismo historic == In le capitalismo classic, le recerca de profito, le competition e le mercatos aperte es central: le interprisas concurre globalmente pro le [[profito]] e organisa le production. In le feudalismo historic, del altere latere, dominava le [[proprietate funciari]], le vassalage e le [[corvea]]: le majoritate del personas esseva paisanos qui pagava renta o prestava servicios a un senior feudal. Le technofeudalismo se distingue per le facto que illo superpone characteristicas de ambe systemas. Ben que le obtention de profito capitalista non dispare completemente, hodie illo es frequentemente secundari. Varoufakis sublinea le differentia de forma multo precise: ''Profit drives capitalism, rent drove feudalism.''<ref name="Wired" /> – in le nove systema, le [[ricchessa]] es generate principalmente via rentas (como taxas de apps o datos de usatores), non plus via le pur production<ref name="Wired" /><ref name="Guardian" />. Un exemplo es Amazon: Jeff Bezos non „produce“ benes physic in le senso classic, sed ille impone un renta pro le uso de su platteforma<ref name="Guardian" />. Al mesme tempore, le innovation technologic e le investimentos remane etiam hodie in grande scala in le manos de iste corporationes – characteristic del capitalismo – lo que criticos como [[Evgeny Morozov]] face considerar: illes indica que Big Tech de facto investi grande summas in recerca, developpamento e infrastructura, monstrante assi characteristicas de un capitalismo productive<ref>''What is Technofeudalism?''. The Beautiful Truth [https://thebeautifultruth.org/the-basics/what-is-technofeudalism/]</ref>. In summario, le technofeudalismo appare minus como un retorno al Etate Medie que como un transition a un nove forma economic hybrida: le mercatos existe solmente in apparentia, durante que le concentration de poter e le structuras de dependentia augmenta fortemente<ref name="Wired" /><ref name="Guardian" />. == Uso in discussiones actual == Le termino technofeudalismo es discutite de forma controverse in le medios e le politica depost pauc tempore: * '''Debates politic''': Politicos de sinistra in Europa ha referite se al termino. [[Jean-Luc Mélenchon]], per exemplo, exige tributos plus alte pro le ''seniores feudal digital'' e parla del periculo de un techno-feudalismo causate per pauc gigantes de datos<ref name="Reseau">''Führt uns die digitale Technologie zurück ins Mittelalter?''. Réseau International [https://de.reseauinternational.net/le-numerique-nous-ramene-t-il-au-moyen-age/#:~:text=Von%20Paris%20bis%20Madrid%20und,durch%20die%20Stra%C3%9Fen%20von%20Palo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801072938/https://de.reseauinternational.net/le-numerique-nous-ramene-t-il-au-moyen-age/#:~:text=Von%20Paris%20bis%20Madrid%20und,durch%20die%20Stra%C3%9Fen%20von%20Palo |date=2025-08-01 }}</ref>. In Espania, le vice-presidenta [[Yolanda Díaz]] avertiva contra un ''techno-feudalismo del milliardarios technologic'' e exigeva mesuras de correction<ref name="Reseau" />. Tamben in [[programma electoral|programmas electoral]] e in conferentias de partito, le critica al [[Big Data|monopolios de datos]] como problema de nostre democratia es formulate crescentemente como un scenario „technofeudalista“. * '''Medios e jornalistas''': Le termino appare in [[editorial]]es e interviewas. Assi, The Guardian titulava in 2023 super le these de Varoufakis: non plus le [[mercato de financias]], sed le „feudos“ del grande interprisas technologic determinarea nostre vita<ref name="Guardian" />. Jornalistas economic se refere a analyses como los de [[Cullen Murphy]], qui ja parla de un nove „techno-feudalismo“ indicante le crescente [[inequalitate]] e le privatisation del stato<ref name="Watson" />. Tamben medios de lingua german, como [[Watson (portal de novas)]], tractava le thema in 2025 e thematicava le nuptias luxuriose de Bezos como symbolo de iste relationes de poter. * '''Critica al concepto''': Al mesme tempore, existe voces critic. Publicationes de sinistra como [[Jacobin]] argumenta que terminos como technofeudalismo o neofeudalismo causa plus confusion que claritate super le capitalismo de deman<ref name="Jacobin" />. Illes averti que on non debe ignorar le aspectos productive del economia global. Tamen, tal debates monstra que le termino technofeudalismo ha entrate in le conscientia public e politic e es utilisate como un abbreviation pro le timores ante le potente corporationes de datos e le concentration de poter social<ref name="Reseau" /><ref name="Watson" />. == Referentias == <references /> [[Categoria:Capitalismo]] [[Categoria:Theoria politic e historia del ideas]] [[Categoria:Feudalismo]] [[Categoria:Internet e societate]] [[Categoria:Concepto politic]] r0vldcm7aklb9d0fdt4a30kl4owx2ca 0 60912 697233 696191 2026-06-17T19:03:46Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697233 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Neuromarketing''' es un campo de [[communication]] de [[marketing]] commercial que applica le [[neuropsychologia]] al [[recerca de mercato]], studiante le responsas [[Theoria de Piaget del disveloppamento cognitive|sensoriomotor]], [[cognitive]], e [[affective]] del consumitores a stimulos de marketing.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=N|last2=Broderick|first2=AJ|last3=Chamberlain|first3=L|title=What is "neuromarketing"? A discussion and agenda for future research.|journal=International Journal of Psychophysiology|date=February 2007|volume=63|issue=2|pages=199–204|doi=10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.03.007|pmid=16769143|url=https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1524086}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Vlăsceanu|first=Sebastian|date=2014|title=New directions in understanding the decision-making process: neuroeconomics and neuromarketing|volume=17|pages=758–762|via=Elsevier}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book|title=Neuromarketing in Action: How to Talk and Sell to the Brain|last=Georges|first=Patrick M|publisher=Kogan Page Ltd|year=2014|location=London|pages= 9–16}}</ref> Le beneficios potential pro le mercatistas include campanias e strategias de marketing plus efficiente e effective, minus fallimentos de productos e campanias, e ultimemente le manipulation del necessitates e desiderios real del personas pro satisfacer le necessitates e desiderios del interesses de marketing.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=3 June 2014 |title=Neuromarketing For Dummies |last=Agarwal |first=Sharad |journal=Journal of Consumer Marketing |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=330–331 |doi=10.1108/jcm-12-2013-0811 |issn=0736-3761}}</ref> Certe companias, particularmente illos con ambitiones a grande scala pro predicer le comportamento del consumitor, ha investite in lor proprie laboratorios, personal scientific, o partenariatos con le academia. Le neuromarketing es ancora un approche costose; illo require apparatos e technologia avantiate tal como le imagine per resonantia magnetic (IRM), le captura de movimento pro le oculometria, e le electroencephalogramma.<ref>Karmarkar, Uma R. (2011). "Note on Neuromarketing". ''Harvard Business School'' (9-512-031).</ref> Considerante le amonta de nove cognoscentias proveniente del neuroscientia e del recerca de marketing, le mercatistas ha comenciate a applicar le melior practicas de neuromarketing sin le necessitate de realisar tests costose. ==Historia== Le neuromarketing es un campo disciplinari emergente in le marketing. Illo prende prestate instrumentos e methodologias de campos como le neuroscientia e le psychologia. Le termino "neuromarketing" esseva introducite per differente autores in 2002 (cf. ''infra'') sed recerca in le campo pote esser trovate ab le annos 1990.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://tedx.amsterdam/2015/09/neuromarketing-friend-or-foe/|title=Neuromarketing – friend or foe? - TEDxAmsterdam|date=2015-09-01|work=TEDxAmsterdam|access-date=2018-04-27}}</ref><ref name=procedia>{{Cite journal|date=2014-04-22|title=Neuromarketing and Neuroethics|journal=Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences|volume=127|pages=763–768|doi=10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.351|issn=1877-0428|last1=Sebastian|first1=Vlăsceanu|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Gerald Zaltman]] es associate con un del prime experimentos in neuromarketing. Al fin del annos 1990, tanto [[Gemma Calvert]] (RU) como [[Gerald Zaltman]] (SU) habeva establite companias de [[neuroscientia del consumitor]]. Le professor de marketing Gerald Zaltman patentava le [[technica de elicitation de metaphora de Zaltman]] (ZMET) in le annos 1990 pro vender publicitate.<ref name=kelly>Kelly, M. (2002). [http://www.commercialalert.org/news/archive/2002/12/the-science-of-shopping "The Science of Shopping"] ''Commercial Alert''. Recuperate le 30 de martio 2016.</ref> ZMET explorava le subconsciente human con series de imagines specialmente seligite que causa un responsa emotional positive e activa imagines celate, metaphoras que stimula le emption.<ref>Carbone, Lou. "Clued In: How to Keep Customers Coming Back Again and Again". Upper Saddle River, NJ: ''[[Financial Times]]'' Prentice Hall (2004): 140-141, 254.</ref> Collages graphic esseva construite super le base de imagines detegite, lo que constitue le base pro le annuncios commercial. ZMET ganiava rapidemente popularitate inter centenas de grande companias-clientes includente [[Coca-Cola]], [[General Motors]], [[Nestle]], e [[Procter & Gamble]]. Zaltman e su associatos esseva empleate per ille organisationes pro investigar scansiones cerebral e observar le activitate neural de consumitores.<ref name=kelly /> In 1999, ille comenciava a usar le [[imagine per resonantia magnetic functional]] (fMRI) pro monstrar correlationes inter le activitate cerebral del consumitor e le stimulos de marketing.<ref name=":0" /> Le methodos de recerca de marketing de Zaltman meliorava le recerca psychologic usate in instrumentos de marketing.<ref name=kelly /> Le termino "neuromarketing" esseva publicate pro le prime vice in 2002 in le these de maestria<ref>Defensa public le 12 de decembre 2002, sub le direction de Pr. Jean Attali, Pr. Bruno Fortier, Pr. Ahmet Gulgonen, Pr. Christian Girard, Pr. Ass. Jean-Paul Rayon.</ref> del professor associate Philippe Morel,<ref>Philippe Morel es un architecto e professor associate al Ecole nationale supérieure d'Architecture Paris-Malaquais (Paris) e un professor visitante al UCL Bartlett (London).</ref> tunc un studente al Ecole Nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-Belleville. Le capitulo "Capitalismo II : Infocapitalismo (experientia)" contine un developpamento con le subcapitulo ''Anticipation hyper-rational: Neuroscientia e Neuromarketing''. In le mesme anno, le termino "neuromarketing" esseva publicate in un articulo per BrightHouse (post contactar le Prof. Assoc. Morel super iste topico), un firma de marketing basate in Atlanta<ref name=":3">Ait Hammou, Galib & Melloul, 2013</ref> e usate per le professor de marketing nederlandese Ale Smidts. BrightHouse sorsonava recerca neurophysiologic (functionamento del systema nervose) in divisiones de marketing; illes construeva un unitate de negotio que usava scansiones fMRI pro scopos de recerca de mercato.<ref name=":3" /> Le firma attraheva rapidemente criticas e disapprobation concernente conflictos de interesse con le Universitate Emory, que adjutava a establir le division.<ref name=fisher>{{cite journal|last1=Fisher |first1=C. |last2=Chin |first2=L. |last3=Klitzman |first3=R. |year=2010 |title=Defining Neuromarketing: Practices and Professional Challenges |doi=10.3109/10673229.2010.496623 |pmid=20597593 |journal=Harvard Review of Psychiatry |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=230–237 |pmc=3152487}}</ref> Iste interprisa dispariva del attention public e ora labora con plus de 500 clientes e interprisas de productos de consumo.<ref name=":3" /> Le "[[Pepsi Challenge]]", un [[test de gusto a cec]] de [[Coca-Cola]] e [[Pepsi]], esseva un studio conducite in 2004 que portava attention al neuromarketing.<ref name=":1" /> In 2006, [[Dr. Carl Marci]] (SU) fundava [[Innerscope Research]] que se focalisava in le recerca de neuromarketing. Innerscope Research esseva postea acquirite per le [[Nielsen Corporation]] in maio 2015 e renominate Nielsen Consumer Neuroscience.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rogerdooley/2015/06/03/nielsen-doubles-down-on-neuro/#4ffaf7ee306c|title=Nielsen Doubles Down on Neuro|last=Dooley|first=Roger|work=Forbes|access-date=2018-04-27}}</ref> Le Consumer Research Exploratory Fund (CREF) de [[Unilever]] habeva anque publicate libros blanc super le applicationes potential del neuromarketing.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=[[David Lewis (psychologist)|David Lewis]] & Darren Bridger|date=July–August 2005|title=Market Researchers make Increasing use of Brain Imaging|url=http://www.drdavidlewis.co.uk/assets/NeuroMarket1.pdf|journal=Advances in Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation|volume=5|issue=3|pages=35+|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206070204/http://www.drdavidlewis.co.uk/assets/NeuroMarket1.pdf|archive-date=6 February 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206070204/http://www.drdavidlewis.co.uk/assets/NeuroMarket1.pdf |date=6 February 2012 }}</ref> ==Concepto== Colliger information sur como le mercato de scopo responderia a un producto es le prime passo implicate pro organisationes que face [[publicitate]] de un producto. Methodos traditional de recerca de marketing include [[gruppo de discussion|gruppos de foco]] o sondages considerabile usate pro evaluar characteristicas del producto proponite.<ref name=venkatraman>{{cite journal|last1=Venkatraman |first1=V. |last2=Clithero |first2=J. |last3=Fitzsimons |first3=G. |last4=Huettel |first4=S. |year=2012 |title=New scanner data for brand marketers: How neuroscience can help better understand differences in brand preferences |doi=10.1016/j.jcps.2011.11.008 |journal=Journal of Consumer Psychology |volume=22 |issue=1|pages=143–153|s2cid=11816200 }}</ref> Alcun del technicas de recerca conventional usate in iste typo de studio es le mesuration del [[electrocardiogramma|activitate electric cardiac]] (ECG) e le [[activitate electrodermal|activitate electric del dermis]] (EDA) de subjectos.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Baraybar-Fernández|first1=Antonio|last2=Baños-González|first2=Miguel|last3=Barquero-Pérez|first3=Óscar|last4=Goya-Esteban|first4=Rebeca|last5=de-la-Morena-Gómez|first5=Alexia|date=2017-07-01|title=Evaluation of Emotional Responses to Television Advertising through Neuromarketing |journal=Comunicar |volume=25 |issue=52 |pages=19–28 |doi=10.3916/C52-2017-02 |issn=1134-3478 |doi-access=free|hdl=10272/14084|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Totevia, illo resulta in un incompatibilitate inter le constatationes del recerca de mercato e le comportamento real exhibite per le mercato de scopo al puncto de emption.<ref name=decision>{{cite journal|last1=Agarwal |first1=S. |last2=Dutta |first2=T. |year=2015 |title=Neuromarketing and consumer neuroscience: current understanding and the way forward |doi=10.1007/s40622-015-0113-1 |journal=Decision |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=457–462|s2cid=146551139 }}</ref> Le de-prenner de decisiones human es tanto un processo consciente como non-consciente in le cerebro,<ref>Glanert, M. (2012). [http://behavioraltargeting.biz/behavioral-targeting-pros-and-cons/ "Behavioral Targeting Pros and Cons"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320205618/http://behavioraltargeting.biz/behavioral-targeting-pros-and-cons/ |date=20 March 2016 }} - Behavioral Targeting Blog. Retrieved 31 March 2016</ref> e ben que iste methodo de recerca succedeva in colliger emotiones explicite (o consciente), illo faliava in obtener le emotiones implicite (o inconsciente) del consumitor.<ref name=shiv>{{cite journal|last1=Shiv |first1=B. |last2=Yoon |first2=C. |year=2012 |title=Integrating neurophysiological and psychological approaches: Towards an advancement of brand insights |doi=10.1016/j.jcps.2012.01.003 |journal=Journal of Consumer Psychology |volume=22 |issue=1|pages=3–6 |url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141509/1/jcpy3.pdf|doi-access=free |hdl=2027.42/141509 }}</ref> Information non-consciente ha un grande influentia in le processo de de-prenner decisiones.<ref name=decision /> Le concepto de neuromarketing<ref name=kotler>Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., & Armstrong, G. (2013). ''Marketing'' (9th ed., pp.&nbsp;171). Australia: Pearson.</ref> combina marketing, psychologia e neuroscientia. Recerca es conducite circa le motivationes implicite pro comprender le decisiones del consumitor per methodos non-invasive de mesurar le [[activitate cerebral]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Morin |first1=C |year=2011 |title=Neuromarketing: The New Science of Consumer Behavior |doi=10.1007/s12115-010-9408-1 |journal=Soc |volume=48 |issue=2|pages=131–135 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=kotler /><ref name=":5" /> Istes include [[electroencephalographia]] (EEG), [[magnetoencephalographia]] (MEG), e [[imagine per resonantia magnetic functional]] (fMRI), [[seguimento ocular]], mesuras de responsa electrodermal e altere neuro-technologias. Investigatores investiga e apprende como consumitores responde e se senti quando presentate con productos e/o stimulos connexe.<ref name=kotler /> Observationes pote tunc esser correlate con le emotiones presumite e [[interaction social|interactiones social]] del participantes.<ref name=fisher /> Recercatores de mercato usa iste information pro determinar si productos o annuncios stimula responsas in le cerebro ligate con [[emotion positive|emotiones positive]].<ref name=kotler /> Le concepto de neuromarketing esseva ergo introducite pro studiar emotiones human relevante e [[patrono de comportamento|patronos de comportamento]] associate con productos, annuncios e de-prenner de decisiones.<ref>Neuromarketing Science and Business Association, n.d.</ref> Neuromarketing forni modellos de comportamento del consumitor e pote anque esser usate pro re-interpretar recerca existente. Illo forni theorisation de aspectos emotional del comportamento del consumitor.<ref>Genco, S.J., Pohlmann, A.P. and Steidl, P., ''Neuromarketing For Dummies'', John Wiley & Sons, 2013</ref> Comportamento del consumitor investiga tanto le optiones consciente de un individuo como le nivellos de activitate cerebral subjacente.<ref name=shiv /> Per exemplo, processos neural observate forni un prediction plus accurate de datos al nivello de population in comparation con datos auto-reportate.<ref name=decision /> Neuromarketing pote mesurar le impactos de branding e strategias de mercato ante applicar los al consumitores de scopo.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=venkatraman /><ref name=decision /> Marketeros pote tunc facer publicitate del producto de modo que illo communica e satisface le necessitates de consumitores potential con differente predictiones de option.<ref name=venkatraman /> Neuromarketing es anque usate con [[grande datos]] pro comprender canales de publicitate moderne tal como [[rete social|reticulation social]], comportamento de recerca, e patronos de ingagiamento in sitos web.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.artifact.co.za/weblog/neuromarketing-with-artifact/|title=Tapping into how consumers react with Neuromarketing|date=2017-07-20|work=Artifact's Blog|access-date=2018-04-27|archive-date=10 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410220141/https://www.artifact.co.za/weblog/neuromarketing-with-artifact/|accessdate=2026-03-19|archivedate=2017-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410220141/https://www.artifact.co.za/weblog/neuromarketing-with-artifact/}}</ref> Agentias como Darling<ref>{{Cite web |title=Darling |url=https://darlingwebdesign.com/ |accessdate=2026-03-19 |archivedate=2026-01-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260111124756/https://www.darlingwebdesign.com/ }}</ref> adjuta organisationes a usar iste typo de neuroscientia in lor marketing pro melior communicar con consumitores al nivello subconsciente. ==Instrumentos de neuroscientia== Il ha varie instrumentos de neuroscientia que es usate pro studiar le deprendimento de decisiones e le comportamento del consumitor. Habitualmente, illos include dispositivos que pote mesurar functiones physiologic vital (p.ex., rhythmo cardiac, [[frequentia respiratori]], [[pression arterial]]) e [[reflexos]] (p.ex., [[Fixation (visual)|fixation del oculos]], [[dilatation pupillar]], [[expression facial]]).<ref>Global Harmonization Task Force (2012). Principles of Medical Devices Classification.</ref> Iste instrumentos revela information super impressiones, reactiones (p.ex., positive, negative) e responsas emotional (p.ex., positive, negative) quando exponite a stimulos de marketing. <ref name="Hemelin 2017">{{cite journal |last1=Hamelin |first1=Nicolas |last2=Moujahid |first2=Othmane El |last3=Thaichon |first3=Park |title=Emotion and advertising effectiveness: A novel facial expression analysis approach |journal=Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services |date=1 May 2017 |volume=36 |pages=103–111 |doi=10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.01.001}}</ref> Instrumentos de neuroscientia del consumitor permitte anque mesurationes in tempore real del activitate cerebral, tal como le imagine per resonantia magnetic functional (fMRI) e le electroencephalogramma (EEG). Le instrumentos pote esser dividite in tres categorias basate sur le typo de mesurationes: (1) [[Autoreporto]]s e comportamental, (2) Physiologic e (3) Neurophysiologic. Le instrumentos actualmente usate in le recerca de neuroscientia del consumitor es EEG, fMRI, fNIRS, ECG, ET, GSR, e fERS. EEG es le instrumento le plus communmente usate in le recerca de neuroscientia del consumitor.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alvino |first1=Letizia |last2=Pavone |first2=Luigi |last3=Abhishta |first3=Abhishta |last4=Robben |first4=Henry |title=Picking Your Brains: Where and How Neuroscience Tools Can Enhance Marketing Research |journal=Frontiers in Neuroscience |date=3 December 2020 |volume=14 |article-number=577666 |doi=10.3389/fnins.2020.577666|pmid=33343279 |pmc=7744482 |doi-access=free }}</ref> {{ref}} [[Categoria:Recerca de mercato]] [[Categoria:Neuroeconomia]] [[Categoria:Neologismos del annos 2000]] t9gkvdubkk7w6354gtt8o9155sw9vb9 0 61012 697228 697090 2026-06-17T14:56:43Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/persona}} '''Herman Husband''' (3 de decembre 1724 – 19 de junio 1795) esseva un fermero, pamphletista, autor, e predicator american melio cognoscite como un leader del [[Movimento del Regulatores]], un rebellion populista in le [[Provincia de Carolina del Nord]] in le annos precedente le [[Guerra de Independentia del Statos Unite]]. Husband esseva duo vices elegite al assemblea de [[Carolina del Nord]] sed esseva expellite durante su secunde mandato. ==Prime annos de vita== Husband nasceva le 3 de decembre 1724, in le [[Contato de Cecil, Maryland]], de William Husband e Mary Kinkey/Kankey.<ref name=cecil>''Annual Report of the [[American Historical Association]] For The Year 1894, [[Washington, D.C.]]'', [[United States Government Publishing Office|Government Printing Office]], 1895, pp. 155 - 157.</ref> Ille esseva probabilemente nominate secundo su granpatre maternal, Herman Kankey. Herman esseva elevate como un [[anglicano]]. Le familia de su granpatre paternal William Husband veniva de Anglaterra, e esseva originalmente servitores contractate, qui plus tarde deveniva proprietarios de terra e de sclavos.<ref>{{cite book |title=Herman Husband |author=Mary Elinor Lazenby |publisher=University of California |year=1940 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-BM-AAAAIAAJ&dq=herman+husband+william+husband+england&pg=PA4}} </ref> Le latere de su matre (le Kankeys) veniva de [[Hamburg]] in Germania, e su granpatre maternal Herman Kankey esseva un tavernero religiose qui esseva anque un critico del sclavitude.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newrivernotes.com/herman-husband/ |title=Herman Husband |author=James A. Quinn |website=New River Notes |access-date=August 31, 2024}} </ref> Un del multes qui esseva inspirate al [[Prime Grande Esvigilamento|Grande Esvigilamento]] post audir predicar [[George Whitefield]], ille deveniva un [[presbyteriano]] "Nove Lumine" e postea un [[quakero]]. ==Affiliation con Benjamin Franklin== Displacente se a [[Loves Creek, Carolina del Nord|Loves Creek]] in lo que es ora [[Siler City, Carolina del Nord]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Sandy Creek Baptist Association|url=http://www.sandycreekba.com/352391|accessdate=27 October 2013|archive-date=26 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126052402/http://sandycreekba.com/352391|url-status=dead|archivedate=26 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126052402/http://sandycreekba.com/352391}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=North Carolina Historical Marker Program, Herman Husband|url=http://ncmarkers.com/Markers.aspx?MarkerId=K-62|accessdate=May 9, 2019|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009171826/http://ncmarkers.com/Markers.aspx?MarkerId=K-62|url-status=dead|archivedate=October 9, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009171826/http://ncmarkers.com/Markers.aspx?MarkerId=K-62}}</ref> Carolina del Nord<ref name=cecil/><ref>{{cite web|title=Husband's Mill Randolph County|url=http://randolphhistory.wordpress.com/tag/sandy-creek/|accessdate=27 October 2013}}</ref> e plus tarde a Sandy Creek<ref>{{cite web|title=Sandy Creek Husband's Mill|url=http://randolphhistory.wordpress.com/tag/sandy-creek/|accessdate=27 October 2013}}</ref> in lo que es ora le Contato de Randolph in le annos 1750, Husband se stabiliva como un fermero e leader religiose. On le demandava plus tarde de quitar le Reunion del Quakeros e ille lo faceva sed continuava a sequer multe de lor dogmas, includente un pacifismo stricte. Philosophicamente ille esseva attrahite al sapientia de [[Ben Franklin]]. Husband e Franklin manteneva un correspondentia via John Willcox,<ref>George Willcox 1988. ''John Willcox 1728-1793 of Chester County, Pennsylvania, Cumberland County, North Carolina, and Chatham County, North Carolina''. Historical Research Company. page 27. </ref> un mercante de Cross Creek, ora [[Fayetteville, Carolina del Nord]], qui viagiava a [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], duo vices per anno pro acquirer benes. John Willcox esseva le filio de Thomas Willcox, cuje molino de papiro in [[Municipio de Concord, Contato de Delaware, Pennsylvania|Municipio de Concord, Contato de Delaware]], fabricava papiro usate per Benjamin Franklin pro su publicationes.<ref>George Willcox 1988. ''John Willcox 1728-1793 of Chester County, Pennsylvania, Cumberland County, North Carolina, and Chatham County, North Carolina''. Historical Research Company. pages 1-2. </ref> Husband recipeva assi pamphletos politic de natura patriotic que ille reimprimeva e circulava inter su concitadanos.<ref name=cecil/> ==Rebellion del Regulatores== In le annos 1760, ille esseva implicate in le resistentia contra le practicas corrupte de officiales governamental predatori—principalmente le advocatos e judices. Ille esseva elegite al assemblea del colonia e parlava contra le abusos governamental. Su historia recorda lo de [[John Wilkes]]. Ille esseva prisionate pro parlar e postea liberate quando un [[turba furiose]] de fermeros armate del interior veniva pro liberar le. Le resistentes se organisava e comenciava a appellar se "Regulatores" proque illes voleva regular le governamento, id est—fortiar lo a obedir le leges. Assi le movimento es cognoscite como le [[Guerra del Regulation|Rebellion del Regulatores]]. Actiones de turba esseva interprendite pro prevenir le pejor abusos del cortes. Husband negava sempre que ille esseva un Regulator, e de facto, como pacifista, ille non participava in violentia o menacias de violentia. Sed ille esseva un portavoce e un symbolo pro le resistentia. Ille faceva imprimer plure tractatos, le plus cognoscite essente "Shew Yourselves to be Freemen" (1769), "An Impartial Relation of the First and Causes of the Recent Differences in Public Affairs" (1770), e "A Fan For Fanning And A Touchstone For Tryon" (1771). In 1770, Husband esseva [http://projects.newsobserver.com/under_the_dome/faq/who_has_been_expelled_from_the_legislature expellite] del legislatura del stato, ostensibilemente pro [http://projects.newsobserver.com/under_the_dome/herman_husbands_libel_charge libello] sed multo probabilemente debite a su affiliation con le Regulatores. Quando le officiales del [[Contato de Rowan, Carolina del Nord]], consentiva a decider le disputa inter se e le Regulatores per un committe de arbitratio, Husband esseva seligite pro servir in le committe.<ref name=cecil/> Husband accompaniava le Regulatores le matino del [[Battalia de Alamance]] (16 de maio 1771) e cercava de effectuar un adjustamento. Vidente que isto esseva impossibile, ille montava su cavallo e se ne ibat, su principios quakero dictante que ille evitava le participation in un combatto. Un parve corno de pulvere usate per le cosino de Husband, Harmon Cox, in le Battalia de Alamance e plus tarde portate per Husband quando ille fugiva al Contato de Somerset, Pennsylvania, esseva donate al Sito Historic del Stato de Carolina del Nord del Campo de Battalia de Alamance per un descendente, Nick Sheedy, in 2008. Post que le "rebellion" esseva vincite in le Battalia de Alamance, Husband fugiva a [[Maryland]] sub le nomine "Tuscape Death" e plus tarde se appellava "Old Quaker". Ille reclamava su proprie nomine aperte solmente post le [[Revolution American]]. Husband continuava su viages tanto physic como metaphysic, stabiliente se finalmente in un area cognoscite como "The Glades" in lo que esseva tunc le [[Contato de Bedford, Pennsylvania]] e plus tarde deveniva parte del [[Contato de Somerset, Pennsylvania]] in [[Pennsylvania Occidental]] e deveniente un predicator millenarista assi como un reformator politic. Ille appellava pro un [[taxation progressive]], papiro-moneta, e, como proponente de un major participation del gente commun in le governamento assi como in le religion, plus democratia. In 1782 ille publicava un pamphleto titulate "Proposals to Amend and Perfect the Policy of the Government of the United States of America" ubi ille argumentava in favor de districtos legislative plus parve e legislaturas pro cata contato pro maximisar le influentia del votantes. Pro le prime electiones federal in 1788 Husband argumentava in favor de eliger congressistas in districtos in loco del methodo de tote le stato que esseva usate. ==Rebellion del Whiskey== Su natura franc e su reputation de radicalismo le traheva in le [[Rebellion del Whiskey]] (1794), ubi ille serviva como delegato al reuniones de Parkinson’s Ferry e [[Brownsville, Pennsylvania|Redstone]] tentante moderar le resistentia violente al imposto de consumo super le whiskey defendite per le Secretario del Tresor [[Alexander Hamilton]]. Ille es anque associate con le erection de un [[polo de libertate]] in Brunerstown (hodie [[Somerset, Pennsylvania]]) in le [[placia del citate]], adornate con un [[insignia]] proclamante, "Libertate e Necun Imposto de Consumo". Quando le truppas federal marchava ultra le [[Montes Allegheny]], ostensibilemente pro supprimer le revolta, illes trovava necun revoltante sed un manco de provisiones lo que los duceva a furar de fermeros local, de lo que illes acquireva le nomine ignominiose de "Armea de Melones de Aqua" (Watermelon Army). Le fortias federal arrestava suspectos, includente Husband, qui esseva specificamente cercate. Le detenutos esseva tenite in conditiones miserabile e postea marchate retro al est pro judicio. Ille esseva judicate pro traition, sed acquitite. Amicos intercedeva pro assecurar le liberation de Husband.<ref name=cecil/> ==Morte== Post passar circa sex menses in prision, al etate de 70 annos, Herman Husband moriva circa le 19 de junio 1795, in un taverna extra Philadelphia, durante su viage a domo.<ref name="Jones">{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Mark H. |title=Herman Husband |website=NCPedia|url=https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/husband-or-husbands|year=1988|accessdate=May 9, 2019}}</ref> Su sanitate se habeva deteriorate durante su tempore in prision. Le loco de su sepultura es incognite.<ref name="Jones"/><ref>{{cite news | url=https://archives.post-gazette.com/clip/63100337/toscape-death/ | title=Toscape Death | newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press | date=6 November 1966 | page=202 }}</ref> Su descendente esseva le Admiral del Marina del SUA [[Husband E. Kimmel]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=York Co. grandson battles to clear admiral's name |url=https://www.heraldonline.com/latest-news/article12279821.html}}</ref> ==Referentias== {{reflist}} ==Fontes== * {{cite web|url=http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/55/entry|publisher=North Carolina History Project|title=Herman Husband|author=Carney, Richard|accessdate=May 9, 2019|archive-date=March 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313201658/http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/55/entry/|url-status=dead|archivedate=March 13, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313201658/http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/55/entry/}} * {{cite web|url=http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6233/|publisher=History Matters|title=Shew Yourselves to be Freemen": Herman Husband and the North Carolina Regulators, 1769|accessdate=May 9, 2019|archivedate=April 24, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424135712/http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6233}} * Hogeland, William. ''The Whiskey Rebellion: George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and the Frontier Rebels Who Challenged America's Newfound Sovereignty''. New York: Scribner, 2006. {{ISBN|0-7432-5490-2}}. {{DEFAULTSORT:Husband, Herman}} [[Category:Nascentias in 1724]] [[Category:Mortes in 1795]] [[Category:Resistentes de impostos american]] [[Category:Prisioneros e detenutos american]] [[Category:Gente del Carolina del Nord colonial]] [[Category:Gente repudiate per le quakeros]] [[Category:Membros expellite del Assemblea General de Carolina del Nord]] [[Category:Gente del Contato de Cecil, Maryland]] [[Category:Gente del Rebellion del Whiskey]] [[Category:Gente del Contato de Randolph, Carolina del Nord]] [[Category:Activistas de Carolina del Nord]] [[Category:Gente de Siler City, Carolina del Nord]] [[Category:Politicos american del seculo 18]] [[Category:Prisioneros e detenutos del governamento federal del Statos Unite del seculo 18]] [[Category:Prisioneros e detenutos del armea del Statos Unite]] [[Category:Gente acquitite de traition]] [[Category:Fermeros de Carolina del Nord]] i5kfdowpm0t43u8w0gw9hbfik808fzl 0 61019 697226 697127 2026-06-17T12:49:04Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697226 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Déflation au Japon.png|thumb|Inflation de [[Japon]] desde le annos 1990 usque a 2013. Sub le zero se observa le [[Economia de Japon#Annos recente|epochas deflationari]].]] Le '''deflation''' o '''inflation negative''', in [[economia]], es le diminution generalisate e sustenite del [[precio|precios]] de [[Ben economic|benes]] e [[Servicio (economia)|servicios]]. Le [[Fondo Monetari International]] (FMI) considera que existe deflation quando iste cadita se prolonga al minus durante duo semestres consecutive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/spa/2002/12/pdf/basics.pdf|title=Deflation: periculo imminente|website=Fondo Monetari International|date=12 de decembre 2002|access-date=28 de septembre 2025}}</ref> Generalmente, le deflation es associate a un debilitate in le [[demanda aggregate]] e a un excesso de [[capacitate installate]] in le [[offerta]].<ref name="Moulier">{{cite book|last=Moulier Boutang|first=Yann|title=La abeja y el economista|publisher=Traficantes de sueños|year=2010|isbn=978-84-96453-69-2|page=66|url=http://www.acuedi.org/ddata/F8941.pdf|access-date=9 de decembre 2016}}</ref> == Effectos del deflation == === Periculos del deflation === Le disavantages del deflation es basicamente le reduction del activitate economic, le augmento del [[disoccupation]], le augmento de incertitude economic, le augmento del [[taxa de interesse nominal|taxas de interesse real]] per le cadita de precios, e le cadita del demanda.<ref name="Hussman2010">{{cite web | last1 = Krugman , Ph.D. | first1 =Paul , R. | author-link1 = | title = Why Is Deflation Bad? | year = 2010 | url = http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/02/why-is-deflation-bad/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=1 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref><ref name=peligro_deflación>[http://economistasfrentealacrisis.com/el-peligro-de-la-deflacion/ Le periculo del deflation], Julio Rodríguez López, Economistas Frente a la Crisis, 23 de april 2014</ref> Le periculositate de iste situation proveni de lo difficile que es exir de illo, ja que se crea un [[circulo viciose]] per le qual, al cader le demanda, le interprisas vide reducite lor margines de ganio al trovar se in le necessitate de reducer le precios pro obtener ventas; como consequentia de illo, illos debe reducer costes, lo que implica un reduction in le numero de empleos. A su vice, si il ha gente qui resta [[disoccupation|sin travalio]], le demanda continuara a diminuer, ja que istes tamben cessara de comprar.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Le deflation suppone le descenso de precios que incide in le diminution del [[Demanda aggregate|dispensa aggregate]], le qual affecta negativemente le activitate e le empleo. Iste "balla" quasi imparabile provoca un [[crise economic]] con effectos negativos super le ricchezza, su [[distribution del ricchezza|distribution]] e le [[disequalitate social]], ja que illo beneficia le creditores in prejudicio del debitores. Como le precios cade, se produce un augmento del [[taxa de interesse]] real (mesmo quando le interesse nominal mantene o mesmo abassa su valor), producente un cadita del demanda e del activitate economic general.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> === Avantages del deflation === Malgrado le periculos del deflation, alicun economistas del [[schola austriac]] defende le deflation como alique positive,<ref name="#1">{{cite web|last1=PHILIPP|title=BAGUS|url=https://mises.org/library/deflation-when-austrians-become-interventionists|website=DEFLATION: WHEN AUSTRIANS BECOME INTERVENTIONISTS|language=anglese}}</ref> argumentante que al abassar le precios, le [[potere acquisitive|potere de compra]] del individuo augmentarea; nonobstante, illes tamben assume que iste deflation ha problemas in le economia a curte termino.<ref name="#1"/> == Mesuras contra le deflation == Le instrumento pro luctar contra le deflation es le [[politica monetari]] e le controlo del [[offerta de moneta]]. Se considera que le election de Roosevelt al presidentia del Statos Unite in 1932 e le forte augmento que le nove governamento provocava in le quantitate de moneta ha jocate un rolo importante in le recuperation.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Le politicas que le Administration pote applicar pro ager contra le deflation essera orientate a potentiar le demanda pro colmar le discrepantia con le offerta. Le consenso inter le economistas super le melior option se limita al emphase in ager ''a priori'' (prevenir le deflation) plus que ''a posteriori'' (combatter le deflation). Ben que se considera necessari stimular le demanda, tamben es importante compatibilisar dicte demanda (normalmente augmentante le [[offerta de moneta]] e recurrente a vices al [[expansion quantitative]]) con un controlo del nivellos de debita private e public.<ref name="estancamiento_europa">{{cite journal|url=http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|title=Economía europea: ¿hacia el estancamiento secular?|first1=Antón|last2=Arias|first2=Xosé Carlos|date=2015|journal=Instituto Universitario de Análisis Económico y Social ISSN: 2172 - 7856|pages=38|access-date=9 de decembre 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220141438/http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=20 de decembre 2016|last1=Costas}}</ref> A partir de ibi, le opiniones se agrupa circa duo propostas. Le prime, [[monetarismo|monetarista]], suggere abassar le taxas de interesse e apportar fondos al entitates financiari pro fover le credito a familias e interprisas. Le secunde, de character [[keynesianismo|keynesian]], propone incrementar le dispensa public pro dinamisar le economia. Normalmente, le option le plus adequate dependera de cata situation e consistera in un combination de ambe propostas. == Deflation e disinflation == Es necessario distinguer deflation de [[disinflation]]. Le disinflation se defini como un disacceleration del precios, es dicer, illos continua a crescer sed a un rithmo menor, dum que le deflation implicarea taxas de variation negative del IPC. == Causas del deflation == Le deflation se produce quando le [[offerta]] de [[benes e servicios]] in un economia es superior al [[Demanda (economia)|demanda]]: le sector empresarial se vide obligate a reducer le precios pro poter vender le production e non vider se obligate a accumular depositos. Iste disequilibrio inter offerta e demanda pote venir de duo motivos fundamental. === Insufficientia del demanda === Durante le [[Grande Depression]] occurrite principalmente in le Statos Unite, a fin del annos 1920, le collapso del mercatos bursatil e le collapso del systema financiari reduceva drasticamente le capacitate de dispensa del familias e del interprisas. Al clauder (o reducer lor dimension) le interprisas (debite al collapsos bursatil e financiari), le disoccupation augmentava de forma drastic e le consumo se affundava. Iste affundamento del consumo se tradeceva in un menor production, lo que conduceva a salarios plus basse o a plus de licentiamentos, lo que conduce a nove diminutiones de precios. Inter augusto 1929 e martio 1933, le [[Indice de precios al consumator|IPC]] se reduceva de 24%, entrante assi in un spiral deflationari. Post le election de [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]], se initiava un serie de mesuras economic ([[New Deal|new deal]]) que incentivava le demanda e stimulava le [[consumo]], liberante le Statos Unite del deflation. === Excesso del offerta === Le melior exemplo es le [[Grande Recession]] que se initiava in 2008. In le ultime annos del forte cyclo expansive del ultime decennio del 20e seculo, le interprisas interprendeva numerose projectos de investimento, seducite per le opportunitates del "nove economia". Le non-cristallisation de iste expectationes lassava le sector productive (super toto in le SUA) con un forte excesso de capacitate que non esseva purgate ni compensate per le demanda. In le Statos Unite, le uso del capacitate productive esseva (in april 2003) de 74%, septe punctos sub le media de 1972-2002. Le impacto de iste disequilibrio super le precios pote vider se accentuate per cambios structural in le economia mundial que implica un incremento del productivitate o del competentia inter le interprisas, como occurre in le ultime annos con le progressive disparition del barrieras al commercio mundial e le liberalisation de sectores basic (telephonia, transporto, energia) in multe paises. == Casos de deflation == In le prime annos del historia economic del Statos Unite, le cyclos de inflation e deflation se correlacionava con le fluxos de capital inter regiones, prestante se moneta desde le centro financiari del nord-est al regiones productores de materias prime del (medio)-west e del sud. De maniera [[procyclic]], le precios del materias prime ascendeva quando entrava capital, es dicer, quando le bancos esseva disposte a prestar, e descendeva in le annos de depression de 1818 e 1839 quando le bancos revocava le prestitos.<ref name="North1966"> {{cite book |title = El crecimiento económico de Estados Unidos 1790-1860 |last = North |first = Douglas C. |year = 1966 |publisher = W. W. Norton & Company |location = Nueva York, Londres |isbn = 978-0-393-00346-8 |url = https://archive.org/details/economicgrowthof00doug }} </ref> In plus, in aquella epocha il non habeva papel-moneta national e le monetas metallic escasseava. Le major parte del moneta circulava in forma de bilyetes de banco, que normalmente se vendeva con disconto in function del distantia al banco emissor e del solides financiari percipite del banco. Quando le bancos bankruptcyava, lor bilyetes se excambiava pro reservas bancari, lo que frequentemente non se tradeceva in un pagamento al [[valor nominal]], e a vices le bilyetes perdeva tote lor valor. Durante le Grande Depression, le personas qui debeva moneta a un banco de qual le depositos habeva essite congelate a vices emeva libretas de sparnio (depositos de altere personas in le banco) con disconto e las utilisava pro saldar lor debita al valor nominal.<ref>Benjamin Roth, ed., James Ledbetter y Daniel B. Roth, ''The Bank of the United States'' (La Gran Depresión, 1951). James Ledbetter y Daniel B. Roth, ''La Gran Depresión: Un diario''. Perseus Books, 2009, p. 36. "En lugares como Youngstown también surgió un mercado de compra de 'libretas de ahorro' bancarias. Si en 1931 estabas lo bastante desesperado por conseguir dinero para comprar artículos de primera necesidad, podías conseguir entre 60 y 70 centavos por dólar por el valor de tus cartillas. Los periódicos locales incluso publicaban las tarifas semanales de compra y venta de estas cartillas, ya que se habían convertido en una mercancía; Roth pegó una de esas tablas de tarifas en su diario"</ref> Le deflation se produceva periodicamente in le Statos Unite durante le {{seculo|XIX||s}} (le exception le plus importante esseva durante le Guerra Civil). Iste deflation esseva causate a vices per le progresso technologic que creava un [[crescentia economic]] significative, sed in altere occasiones illo esseva desencadenate per [[Crise financiari#seculo XIX|crises crises]] - notabilmente le [[Panico de 1837]] que causava deflation usque a 1844, e le [[Panico de 1873]] que desencadenava le [[Longe Depression]] que durava usque a 1879. <ref name="North1966"/> Iste periodos deflationari precedeva le creation del [[Systema del Reserva Federal]] statounitese e su gestion active del affares monetari. Le episodios de deflation ha essite rar e breve desde le creation del Reserva Federal (un exception notabile esseva le [[Grande Depression]]), dum que le progresso economic del Statos Unite non ha habite precedentes. Le deflation ha essite un phenomeno multo pauc frequente in le {{seculo|XX||s}}, ubi solmente se ha registrate duo casos relevante. Le prime, ja citate, esseva le [[Grande Depression]] nord-american. Le presidente [[FDR|Roosevelt]], quando ille attingeva le presidentia in 1932, realisava un [[New Deal|forte augmento]] del [[offerta monetari|quantitate de moneta]] que jocava un rolo importante in le [[Historia del Statos Unite (1945-64)|recuperation economic statounitese]].<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Un crise financiari in Anglaterra in 1818 faceva que le bancos revocava le prestitos e restringeva le nove prestitos, drenante le moneta del SUA. {{citation needed|date=February 2021}}. Le Banco del Statos Unite tamben reduceva su prestitos. Le precios del coton e del tabaco cadeva. Le precio del productos agricole tamben se videva pressionate per le retorno del recoltas normal post 1816, le ''[[anno sin estate]]'', que provocava fame a grande scala e elevate precios agricole.<ref>{{Harvnb|Taylor|1951|pp=336}}</ref> Il habeva varie causas del deflation del grave depression de 1839-1843, que includeva un excesso de offerta de productos agricole (super toto coton), ja que le nove terras de cultivo entrava in production post le grande ventas de terras federal un pauc de annos ante, le bancos exigeva le pagamento in auro o argento, le bankruptia de varie bancos, le non-pagamento de varie statos de lor obligationes e le bancos britannic reduceva le fluxo de species al SUA.<ref name="North1966"/><ref>{{cite web | last1 = Wallis | first1 = Hohn Joseph | last2 = Oficina Nacional de Investigación Económica | title = La Depresión de 1839 a 1843 | url = http://www.startabank.com/history/200809_TheDepression/depression1839.pdf | accessdate = 2026-06-06 | archivedate = 2012-03-07 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120307144159/http://www.startabank.com/history/200809_TheDepression/depression1839.pdf }}</ref> Iste cyclo se ha delineate a grande scala durante le [[Grande Depression]]. In parte debite al excesso de capacitate e al saturation del mercato, e in parte como resultato del [[Lege tariffari Smoot-Hawley]], le commercio international se contraheva drasticamente, lo que reduceva drasticamente le demanda de benes, eliminante assi un grande quantitate de capacitate e desencadenante un serie de bankruptias bancari. Un situation simile in Japon, que comenciava con le collapso del mercato bursatil e immobiliari al initio del decennio de 1990, esseva frenate per le governamento japonese, que impediva le collapso del majoritate del bancos e assumeva le controlo directe de varie de illos in le pejor conditiones. Altere casos de deflation es le de [[Japon]] e [[Svedia]] (-20% in precios). In Japon desde le medie del annos 1990 usque al actualitate (-25% de cadita del precios), e in Svedia illo obligava le [[Banco de Svedia]] a operar con [[taxas de interesse]] de deposito negative (-0,25%). Le [[Grande Recession]] provocava le [[Crise del Euro]] in [[Union Europea|Europa]], lo que ha implicate periodos de recession in alicun paises [[Recession in Espania|como Espania]] e un forte [[Depression grec|deflation in Grecia]]. Le exemplo historic le plus profunde de deflation esseva registrate per le economia japonese durante le stagnation economic que Japon viveva desde le fin de 1991 como consequentia del explosion del bulla financiari e immobiliari gestate desde le medie del decennio de 1980 inter 1991 e 2001, retornante a experimentar deflation mesmo in le decennio de 2011 a 2021. Durante 30 annos, le deflation se presentava in 23 del 30 annos analysate.<ref>{{Cita noticia|apellidos=Tabuchi|nombre=Hiroko|título=When Consumers Cut Back: An Object Lesson From Japan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/22/business/worldbusiness/22japan.html?fta=y|fecha=22 de febrero de 2009|fechaacceso=15 de septiembre de 2021|periódico=New York Times}}</ref>Argentina experimentava deflation durante le governamento de [[Carlos Menem|Carlos Saúl Menem]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_vQJXkcM9A|título=Reporte de Telefe de Noviembre, 1991}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/1999/99-04/99-04-07/pag17.htm|título=Deflación en el final del gobierno de Carlos Menem}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.fcen.uba.ar/prensa/micro/1992/ms89.htm|título=Archivo histórico sobre la deflación en la Argentina durante el gobierno de Menem, 1992}}</ref> e [[Fernando de la Rúa]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/2000/00-01/00-01-05/pag04.htm|título=Deflación durante el gobierno de De La Rúa (Nota de 1999)}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-59494504|título=Nota de la BBC que menciona la deflación del año 2001 durante el gobierno de De La Rúa}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.cac.com.ar/data/documentos/10_Historia%20de%20la%20inflaci%C3%B3n%20en%20Argentina.pdf|título=Reportaje que menciona la deflación en el gobierno de De La Rúa|fechaacceso=20 de agosto de 2022|fechaarchivo=10 de mayo de 2022|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510184243/https://www.cac.com.ar/data/documentos/10_Historia%20de%20la%20inflaci%C3%B3n%20en%20Argentina.pdf|deadurl=yes|title=Archive copy|accessdate=2026-06-06|archivedate=2022-05-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510184243/https://www.cac.com.ar/data/documentos/10_Historia%20de%20la%20inflaci%C3%B3n%20en%20Argentina.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.mariorapoport.com.ar/uploadsarchivos/la_inflacio__n_en_pdf.pdf|título=Una revisión histórica de la inflación argentina y de sus causas Mario Rapoport}}</ref>, alique que non occurreva in iste pais desde le decennios de 1920 e 1930<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.clarin.com/economia/inflacion-deflacion_0_SJoMjA3xCYl.html#|título=Nota de Clarín sobre la deflación en las décadas de 1920 y 1930}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3794/379463801010/html/|título=Deflación en las décadas 1920 y 1930}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/65788/CONICET_Digital_Nro.9e98e9b3-490b-4437-a2c4-6b81aefa9070_A.pdf|título="Circulando en el laberinto: la economía argentina entre la depresión y la guerra 1929-1939"|title=Archive copy|accessdate=2026-06-06|archivedate=2023-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404141653/https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/65788/CONICET_Digital_Nro.9e98e9b3-490b-4437-a2c4-6b81aefa9070_A.pdf}}</ref> In menor mesura, [[Venezuela]] tamben esseva un altere del paises que entrava in deflation, durante le governamento de [[Marcos Pérez Jiménez]]. In 1953 e 1955 se registrava un deflation de 1,7% e 1,1% respectivemente. Isto esseva le producto del excesso de offerta in le economia venezuelan, sed le effectos negativos esseva corrigite in su majoritate per le exportationes.<ref name="Economía1952-57">{{cita web|url=http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/economia/banca/asi-se-movio-la-economia-en-el-gobierno-de-perez-j.aspx|autor=Francisco Pérez Alviárez|título=Así se movió la economía en el Gobierno de Pérez Jiménez (+gráficos)|fecha=23 de enero de 2013|página=|fechaacceso=15 de julio de 2014|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903062206/http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/economia/banca/asi-se-movio-la-economia-en-el-gobierno-de-perez-j.aspx|fechaarchivo=3 de septiembre de 2014|title=Archive copy|accessdate=2026-06-06|archivedate=2014-09-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903062206/http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/economia/banca/asi-se-movio-la-economia-en-el-gobierno-de-perez-j.aspx}}</ref> == Vide tamben == * [[Inflation]] * [[Stagflation]] * [[Disinflation]] * [[Indice de precios al consumator]] * [[Recession]] * [[Crise economic]] * [[Crise financiari]] * [[Grande Depression]] * [[Grande Recession]] * [[Impacto socioeconomic del pandemia de COVID-19#Causas e impactos economic|Impacto socioeconomic del pandemia de COVID-19]] {{Referentias}} == Bibliographia == *{{cite journal|last1=Costas|first1=Antón|last2=Arias|first2=Xosé Carlos|title=Economía europea: ¿hacia el estancamiento secular?|journal=Instituto Universitario de Análisis Económico y Social ISSN: 2172 - 7856|date=2015|pages=38|url=http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=9 de decembre 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220141438/http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=20 de decembre 2016}} * [[Fondo Monetari International]], [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/def/2003/eng/043003.pdf Deflation: Determinants, Risks, and Policy Options - Findings of an Independent Task Force], Washington D.C., 30 de april 2003 * Fondo Monetari International, [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/esl/index.htm Perspectivas de la economía mundial: Globalización e inflación], Washington D.C., april 2006. * {{cite book|last1=Moulier Boutang|first1=Yann|title=La abeja y el economista|date=2010|publisher=Traficantes de sueños|isbn=978-84-96453-69-2|page=66|url=http://www.acuedi.org/ddata/F8941.pdf|access-date=9 de decembre 2016}} [[Categoria:Terminologia economic]] [[Categoria:Inflation]] [[Categoria:Conceptos basic de financas]] [[Categoria:Macroeconomia e economia monetari]] 2y4mawwyqj9hoq3wwn0b8qex3a0v0ym 0 61034 697245 2026-06-18T07:29:15Z Haranaya 60299 Pagina create con “'''Khunthanin Thongchay''' (nascite le 21 april 2006), cognoscite per su nomine de scena "Thanin" o "Avo", es un [[actor]] e modello thailandese de ancestria thailandese, taiwanese, e chinese (Hainan). Ille ha comenciate su carriera in le industria del divertimento con rolos in filmes e series de television. Actualmente, ille studia in le [[:en:Ming_Chuan_University|Universitate Ming Chuan]] in [[Taiwan]]. == Vita primari == Khunthanin Thongchay nasceva con le nomine...” 697245 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khunthanin Thongchay''' (nascite le 21 april 2006), cognoscite per su nomine de scena "Thanin" o "Avo", es un [[actor]] e modello thailandese de ancestria thailandese, taiwanese, e chinese (Hainan). Ille ha comenciate su carriera in le industria del divertimento con rolos in filmes e series de television. Actualmente, ille studia in le [[:en:Ming_Chuan_University|Universitate Ming Chuan]] in [[Taiwan]]. == Vita primari == Khunthanin Thongchay nasceva con le nomine Thanadet Sriratchaha, postea cambiate a Thanadach Thongchay, e finalmente a Khunthanin Thongchay. Ille nasceva in le [[:th:โรงพยาบาลเจ้าพระยาอภัยภูเบศร|Hospital Chaophraya Abhaibhubejhr]], provincia de Prachin Buri. Ille es le filio adoptive de Kanokorn Thongchay (nascite Phutthaphiphit) e Wanchai Thongchay, adoptate in 2008. Ille possede ancestria thailandese ex su matre biologic e ancestria turc ex su patre biologic. Ille es le plus vetere de tres fratres. Su nomine "Thanin" esseva date per su patre, ma deveniva "Avo" per deformation del pronunciation. Su nomine formal "Khunthanin" esseva date per un monacho buddhista, significante un persona prospere e ric con valor. == Carriera == Khunthanin Thongchay entrava in le industria del divertimento post esser discoperite per un agente in le centro commercial [[:en:Siam_Paragon|Siam Paragon]] e in le area de Pratunam. Gratias a su personalitate distincte, ille recipeva opportunitates in commerciantes e modellage, que le duceva a rolos in cinema e television. == Education == Khunthanin studiava in diverse scholas in le provincias de [[:en:Rayong_province|Rayong]], [[:en:Chonburi_province|Chonburi]], e [[:en:Prachinburi_province|Prachin Buri]]. Post completar su education secundari per le systema de education non-formal (ONIE) in 2026, ille studia actualmente in le [[:en:Ming_Chuan_University|Universitate Ming Chuan]] in [[Taiwan]]. == Filmographia == === Filmes === {| class="wikitable" ! Anno !! Titulo !! Rol |- | 2020 || E-Riam Sing || Din |- | 2022 || Pee Nak 3 || Singha |- | 2022 || Haunted Universities 2nd Semester || Lilo |- | 2024 || Haunted Universities 3 || Leo |- | 2025 || Pee Nak 5 || Singha |} === Series de Television === {| class="wikitable" ! Anno !! Titulo !! Rol |- | 2018 || Bupphaesanniwat || Sing |- | 2019 || Krong Kam || Pek |- | 2023 || Phrom Likit || Sing |} == Vita personal == Ultra le thailandese e le chinese, ille parla francese e espaniol a un nivello basic. In su tempore libere, ille pratica sport como [[badminton]], bowling, [[basketball]], e [[natation]]. Ille ha un interesse pro le lectura e le designo. In le passato, ille esseva [[Christiano|christian]] [[protestante]], ma actualmente ille practica le [[buddhismo]] pro sequer le tradition de su matre adoptive. == Referentias == == Ligamines externe == {{commons}} [[Categoria:Thailandeses de ancestria chinese]] [[Categoria:Thailandeses de ancestria taiwanese]] [[Categoria:Actores thailandese]] [[Categoria:Modellos thailandese]] en7d0ktqethly25nwz5q8toebtf7t78 697247 697245 2026-06-18T08:48:49Z Haranaya 60299 697247 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khunthanin Thongchay''' (nascite le 21 april 2006), cognoscite per su nomine de scena "Thanin" o "Avo", es un [[actor]] e modello thailandese de ancestria thailandese, taiwanese, e chinese (Hainan). Ille ha comenciate su carriera in le industria del divertimento con rolos in filmes e series de television. Actualmente, ille studia in le [[:en:Ming_Chuan_University|Universitate Ming Chuan]] in [[Taiwan]]. == Vita primari == Khunthanin Thongchay nasceva con le nomine Thanadet Sriratchaha, postea cambiate a Thanadach Thongchay, e finalmente a Khunthanin Thongchay. Ille nasceva in le [[:th:โรงพยาบาลเจ้าพระยาอภัยภูเบศร|Hospital Chaophraya Abhaibhubejhr]], provincia de Prachin Buri. Ille es le filio adoptive de Kanokorn Thongchay (nascite Phutthaphiphit) e Wanchai Thongchay, adoptate in 2008. Ille possede ancestria thailandese ex su matre biologic e ancestria turc ex su patre biologic. Ille es le plus vetere de tres fratres. Su nomine "Thanin" esseva date per su patre, ma deveniva "Avo" per deformation del pronunciation. Su nomine formal "Khunthanin" esseva date per un monacho buddhista, significante un persona prospere e ric con valor. == Carriera == Khunthanin Thongchay entrava in le industria del divertimento post esser discoperite per un agente in le centro commercial [[:en:Siam_Paragon|Siam Paragon]] e in le area de Pratunam. Gratias a su personalitate distincte, ille recipeva opportunitates in commerciantes e modellage, que le duceva a rolos in cinema e television. == Education == Khunthanin studiava in diverse scholas in le provincias de [[:en:Rayong_province|Rayong]], [[:en:Chonburi_province|Chonburi]], e [[:en:Prachinburi_province|Prachin Buri]]. Post completar su education secundari per le systema de education non-formal (ONIE) in 2026, ille studia actualmente in le [[:en:Ming_Chuan_University|Universitate Ming Chuan]] in [[Taiwan]]. == Filmographia == === Filmes === {| class="wikitable" ! Anno !! Titulo !! Rol |- | 2020 || E-Riam Sing || Din |- | 2022 || Pee Nak 3 || Singha |- | 2022 || Haunted Universities 2nd Semester || Lilo |- | 2024 || Haunted Universities 3 || Leo |- | 2025 || Pee Nak 5 || Singha |} === Series de Television === {| class="wikitable" ! Anno !! Titulo !! Rol |- | 2018 || Bupphaesanniwat || Sing |- | 2019 || Krong Kam || Pek |- | 2023 || Phrom Likit || Sing |} == Vita personal == Ultra le thailandese e le chinese, ille parla francese e espaniol a un nivello basic. In su tempore libere, ille pratica sport como [[badminton]], bowling, [[basketball]], e [[natation]]. Ille ha un interesse pro le lectura e le designo. In le passato, ille esseva [[Christiano|christian]] [[protestante]], ma actualmente ille practica le [[buddhismo]] pro sequer le tradition de su matre adoptive. == Referentias == == Ligamines externe == {{commons}} [[Categoria:Thailandeses de ancestria chinese]] [[Categoria:Thailandeses de ancestria taiwanese]] [[Categoria:Actores thailandese]] [[Categoria:Modellos thailandese]] i2uex4q9yf34x7x1afh37di0nrmz5ie