Pengawa astronomi ba Sarawak

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    <title>Pengawa astronomi ba Sarawak</title>
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      <text bytes="4339" sha1="ml48fvf2kinrq5yqyzm63vuxzj6twqd" xml:space="preserve">Bintang beguna amat ba pengawa besai baka bumai enggau pengawa bukai bansa Iban. Kalender bulan Iban nitihka ba &quot;bintang banyak&quot;  (bintang Pleiades) enggau &quot;bintang tiga&quot; (tiga bintang ba belulang Orion).&lt;ref&gt;Ammarell, G. (2008). Astronomy in the Indo‐Malay Archipelago. In: Selin, H. (eds) Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures. Springer, Dordrecht. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4425-0_8462 10.1007/978-1-4020-4425-0_8462]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Chalmers, J. (1997). Birth and Death of a critical tradition in Iban knowledges. Dialectical Anthropology. Lambar 170. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/29790452 JSTOR]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Kena musim nanam, dua iku orang deka dianjung ngagai utan ninting hari ngiga tanda. Udah bekau timpuh, lebuh tanda nya udah betul, bintang Pleiades niki sebedau pagi reti pengawa umai baru. Sida patut tembu nebas utan sebedau angkat bintang Orion masa pagi enti enda asil utai tanam deka enda manah. Lelaki ngereja pengawa nebang kayu, lalu indu ngereja pengawa narit lalang. Semina lebuh Pleiades ba pun sebedau pagi sida deka mutuska sekalika deka betunu sereta nabur. Nengah tengah hari, lebuh angin benung bepuput lalu angin kering, sida deka ngena chara khas dikena ngetanka angin. Udah nya, api ditunu ba kayu mati.&lt;ref&gt;[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Journal_of_the_Straits_Branch_of_the_Royal_Asiatic_Society/Volume_42/Various_Methods_of_Computing_the_Time_for_Planting_among_the_Races_of_Borneo Various Methods of Computing the Time for Planting among the Races of Borneo] Lambar 1-5. Dikeluarka Journal of the Straits Branch of Royal Asiatic Society ba taun 1905 ba Wikibunsu Jaku Inggeris.&lt;/ref&gt;

Planetarium Sultan Iskandar bepalan ba Kuching udah dibuka ngagai mensia mayuh kena 1 Mac 1989 tu tadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=King and Queen to visit Sarawak|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&amp;dat=19890117&amp;id=Y6omAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6899,281017&amp;hl=en|access-date=25 December 2015|work=[[New Straits Times]]|date=17 January 1989|quote=The king will then visit the Dewan Suarah Complex here to open a Planetarium.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Bekunsi penemu astronomi ba Hari Astronomi Sedunya, 28 Mei|url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/05/21/bekunsi-penemu-astronomi-ba-hari-astronomi-sedunya-28-mei/|access-date=14 December 2024|work=The Borneo Post|date=21 May 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612213747/https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/05/21/bekunsi-penemu-astronomi-ba-hari-astronomi-sedunya-28-mei/|archivedate=12 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Premier Sarawak Abang Johari madahka ba taun 2021, meransang pengawa astronomi laban ulih meri penguntung jemah ila.&lt;ref&gt;[https://thesun.my/local_news/sarawak-to-expand-study-of-astronomy-to-generate-economic-benefits-abang-johari-DM8394104 Sarawak to expand the study of astronomy to generate economic benefits - Abang Johari] Dikeluarka 24 September 2021. Diarkib maya [https://web.archive.org/web/20231205032109/https://thesun.my/local_news/sarawak-to-expand-study-of-astronomy-to-generate-economic-benefits-abang-johari-DM8394104 5 Disember 2023]&lt;/ref&gt; Sarawak numbuhka begunan astronomi Islam bepalan ba Miri enggau Bintulu nyentuk 2022.  Sarawak deka numbuhka begunan astronomi Islam bepalan Kuching jemah ila.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/12/09/swak-allocates-rm107-mln-to-build-new-islamic-astronomy-centre-in-kuching/ S’wak allocates RM107 mln to build new Islamic astronomy centre in Kuching] Dikeluarka 9 December 2022. Diarkib maya [https://web.archive.org/web/20221212031106/https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/12/09/swak-allocates-rm107-mln-to-build-new-islamic-astronomy-centre-in-kuching/ 12 Disember 2022]&lt;/ref&gt;

Raban Change Maker SMK Bintulu ti udah diaku nyadi pemenang global ba Cabaran NASA Space Apps 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2023/08/19/meitd-dekaka-penyereta-nyengkaum-ari-menua-pesisir-universiti-enggau-space-apps-sarawak MEITD dekaka penyereta nyengkaum ari menua pesisir, universiti enggau 'Space Apps Sarawak'] Dikeluarka Utusan Borneo ba 19 Ogos 2023. Diarkib maya [https://web.archive.org/web/20231223092015/https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2023/08/19/meitd-dekaka-penyereta-nyengkaum-ari-menua-pesisir-universiti-enggau-space-apps-sarawak 23 Disember 2023]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Peda mega==
*[[Pengawa bilun ba Sarawak]]

==Penyanding==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
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    <title>Jaku Sepanyol Kolombia</title>
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      <comment>Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar &quot; [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1292023597|Colombian Spanish]] &quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1732" sha1="gtgssd9aotxq7tl52erh8ap5rp9qr9m" xml:space="preserve">'''Jaku Sepanyol Kolombia''' ({{Langx|es|español colombiano}}) nya raban ari mayuh macham jaku Sepanyol ti dikena ba [[Kolombia]]. Leka jaku tu lebih agi bekaul enggau geografi ari linguistik, laban dialek ke dikena ba mayuh bengkah kandang menua Kolombia chukup mayuh macham. Jaku kandang menua pesisir utara suah agi mantaika inovasyen fonologi tipikal jaku Sepanyol Karibia, seraya bansa tanah tinggi udah lebih konservatif ari sukut sejarah. Institut Caro enggau Cuervo di [[Bogotá]] nyadi institusyen besai di Kolombia dikena ngelakuka pengawa belajarka jaku enggau litaricha bepenemu kededua Kolombia enggau Amerika Sepanyol ke bukai. Jaku ti bepelajar ari Bogotá, iya nya bansa jaku Sepanyol ti konservatif, ngembuan prestij ti tinggi ba orang ti bejaku Sepanyol di serata Amerika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Lipski|1994|pp=205–207}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akademi Jaku Kolombia ({{Lang|es|Academia Colombiana de la Lengua}}) nya akademi jaku Sepanyol ti pemadu tuai pengudah Akademi Diraja Sepanyol ba menua Sepanyol; ke udah ditumbuhka dalam taun 1871.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rae.es/noticia/la-academia-colombiana-de-la-lengua-celebra-el-150o-aniversario-de-su-fundacion|title=La Academia Colombiana de la Lengua celebra el 150.º aniversario de su fundación}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Taja pan iya nyadi subjek debat ari raban akademik, sekeda kritikus madahka {{Lang|es|El desierto prodigioso y prodigio del desierto}}, ditulis {{Lang|es|Pedro de Solís y Valenzuela}} ba Perintah Baru Granada maya taun 1600-an, nya novel moden keterubah ari Amerika Sepanyol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=La Novela en la Colonia|journal=The Savrvs|date=May–August 1993|volume=38|issue=2|url=http://bibliotecadigital.caroycuervo.gov.co/622/1/TH_38_002_001_1.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="3716" sha1="2tl85zlchy13fh9yi1bz31p5ywvv1lb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox language
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| nativename    = {{lang|es|Español colombiano}}
| pronunciation = {{IPA|es|espaˌɲol kolomˈbjano|}}
| states        = [[Kolombia]]
| agency        = [[Academia Colombiana de la Lengua]]
| date          = 2014
| speakers      = 46,393,500 ba Kolombia, semua pejaku
| ref           = &lt;ref&gt;{{Ethnologue21|spa|Spanish → Colombia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| speakers2     = L1 users: 46,300,000 (2015)&lt;br /&gt;L2 users: 93,500 (2015)
| script        = [[Urup Latin|Latin]] ([[Spanish alphabet]])
| familycolor   = Indo-Eropah
| nation        = {{COL}}
| fam2          = [[Italic languages|Italic]]
| fam3          = [[Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
| fam4          = [[Romance languages|Romance]]
| fam5          = [[Western Romance languages|Western]]
| fam6          = [[Ibero-Romance languages|Ibero-Romance]]
| fam7          = [[West Iberian languages|West Iberian]]
| fam8          = [[Jaku Kastilia|Kastilia]]
| fam9          = [[Jaku Sepanyol|Sepanyol]]
| ancestor      = [[Old Latin]]
| ancestor2     = [[Classical Latin]]
| ancestor3     = [[Vulgar Latin]]
| ancestor4     = [[Old Spanish]]
| ancestor5     = [[Early Modern Spanish]]
| isoexception  = dialect
| dialects      = Bogotan (Rolo)&lt;br /&gt;[[Paisa Region#Language|Paisa]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Caribbean Spanish|Costeño]]&lt;br /&gt;Cundiboyacense&lt;br /&gt;Valluno&lt;br /&gt;Santanderean&lt;br /&gt;[[Andean Spanish|Pastuso]]&lt;br /&gt;Opita dialect&lt;br /&gt;[[Llanero Spanish|Llanero]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Equatorial Spanish|Chocoano]]&lt;br /&gt;Isleño
| iso1          = es
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'''Jaku Sepanyol Kolombia''' ({{Langx|es|español colombiano}}) nya raban ari mayuh macham jaku Sepanyol ti dikena ba [[Kolombia]]. Leka jaku tu lebih agi bekaul enggau geografi ari linguistik, laban dialek ke dikena ba mayuh bengkah kandang menua Kolombia chukup mayuh macham. Jaku kandang menua pesisir utara suah agi mantaika inovasyen fonologi tipikal jaku Sepanyol Karibia, seraya bansa tanah tinggi udah lebih konservatif ari sukut sejarah. Institut Caro enggau Cuervo di [[Bogotá]] nyadi institusyen besai di Kolombia dikena ngelakuka pengawa belajarka jaku enggau litaricha bepenemu kededua Kolombia enggau Amerika Sepanyol ke bukai. Jaku ti bepelajar ari Bogotá, iya nya bansa jaku Sepanyol ti konservatif, ngembuan prestij ti tinggi ba orang ti bejaku Sepanyol di serata Amerika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Lipski|1994|pp=205–207}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akademi Jaku Kolombia ({{Lang|es|Academia Colombiana de la Lengua}}) nya akademi jaku Sepanyol ti pemadu tuai pengudah Akademi Diraja Sepanyol ba menua Sepanyol; ke udah ditumbuhka dalam taun 1871.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rae.es/noticia/la-academia-colombiana-de-la-lengua-celebra-el-150o-aniversario-de-su-fundacion|title=La Academia Colombiana de la Lengua celebra el 150.º aniversario de su fundación}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Taja pan iya nyadi subjek debat ari raban akademik, sekeda kritikus madahka {{Lang|es|El desierto prodigioso y prodigio del desierto}}, ditulis {{Lang|es|Pedro de Solís y Valenzuela}} ba Perintah Baru Granada maya taun 1600-an, nya novel moden keterubah ari Amerika Sepanyol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=La Novela en la Colonia|journal=The Savrvs|date=May–August 1993|volume=38|issue=2|url=http://bibliotecadigital.caroycuervo.gov.co/622/1/TH_38_002_001_1.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Penyanding ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Katedral Primatial Bogotá</title>
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      <comment>Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar &quot; [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1249452539|Primatial Cathedral of Bogotá]] &quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1921" sha1="9kpja34lnd462ha0a1vijlbuns8imbu" xml:space="preserve">'''Basilika Katedral Metropolitan enggau Primat Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah enggau Sante Peter ari Bogotá''' tauka dikelala agi enggau nama '''Basilika Katedral Metropolitan Bogotá enggau Primata Kolombia''', enggau rasmi ''Endur Kudus Basilika Katedral Metropolitan enggau Primat Konsepsyen Maria Enda Bepenyalah enggau Sante Peter'' nya [[katedral]] endur sembiang gerija Katolik ti dikuduska ngagai Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah sereta di baruh pengelindung [[Sante Peter]]; nya siti begunan gaya Neoklasik ke bepalan ba Plaza de Bolívar di [[Bogotá]], indu nengeri menua nya.

Katedral tu nyadi penuduk Diosis Besai Metropolitan Bogotá enggau Primata Kolombia, diaku Pope Leo XIII enggau gelar basa ''Primata [[Kolombia]]'', nengah Dekrit Gempuru Konsistorial 7 November 1902.&lt;ref name=&quot;Conference&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cec.org.co/index.shtml?x=400|title=Arquidiócesis de Bogotá – Historia|website=Episcopal Conference of Colombia website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227211201/http://www.cec.org.co/index.shtml?x=400|archive-date=27 December 2010|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iya mega nyadi penuduk [[Cabildo metropolitano|metropolitan Cabildo]] enggau &quot;Paroki Basilika Katedral Metropolitan Bogotá Sante Peter&quot;.

Katedral nya didesain [[Domingo de Petrés]] lalu digaga entara taun 1807 enggau 1823 ba endur ke sama endur tiga bengkah gerija bukai didirika sebedau tu, ke beturut-turut nyadi katedral ungkup mengeri nya. Ketegal reti sejarah, rega seni bina enggau budaya, iya ditukuka nyadi Monumento Nacional nengah dekrit 1,584 kena 11 Ogos 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/Bienes/Images/Decreto_1584-1975.doc|publisher=Ministry of National Education|title=Decree number 1584|date=11 August 1975|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200916/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/Bienes/Images/Decreto_1584-1975.doc|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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| native_name       = Catedral Basílica Metropolitana y Primada de la Inmaculada Concepción y San Pedro de Bogotá
| religious_affiliation=[[Roman Katolik]]
| image             = Primatial Cathedral of Bogotá 01.jpg
| caption           = Bogotá Metropolitan Basilica Cathedral next to Sacred Chapel and Archiepiscopal Palace
| location          = [[Bogotá]], [[Kolombia]]
| geo               = {{coord|4.59796|-74.07524|format=dms|region:CO|display=inline,title}}
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| consecration_year = 
| status            = [[Katedral]], [[Basilika mit]]
| leadership        = Archbishop Metropolitan of Bogotá [[Luis José Rueda Aparicio]]
| website           = http://catedral.arquibogota.org.co/es/
| architect         = Friar Domingo de Petrés
| architecture_type = [[Gerija (begunan)|Gerija]]
| architecture_style= [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]]
| groundbreaking    = 1807 (fourth cathedral)
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'''Basilika Katedral Metropolitan enggau Primat Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah enggau Sante Peter ari Bogotá''' tauka dikelala agi enggau nama '''Basilika Katedral Metropolitan Bogotá enggau Primata Kolombia''', enggau rasmi ''Endur Kudus Basilika Katedral Metropolitan enggau Primat Konsepsyen Maria Enda Bepenyalah enggau Sante Peter'' nya [[katedral]] endur sembiang gerija Katolik ti dikuduska ngagai Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah sereta di baruh pengelindung [[Sante Peter]]; nya siti begunan gaya Neoklasik ke bepalan ba Plaza de Bolívar di [[Bogotá]], indu nengeri menua nya.

Katedral tu nyadi penuduk Diosis Besai Metropolitan Bogotá enggau Primata Kolombia, diaku Pope Leo XIII enggau gelar basa ''Primata [[Kolombia]]'', nengah Dekrit Gempuru Konsistorial 7 November 1902.&lt;ref name=&quot;Conference&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cec.org.co/index.shtml?x=400|title=Arquidiócesis de Bogotá – Historia|website=Episcopal Conference of Colombia website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227211201/http://www.cec.org.co/index.shtml?x=400|archive-date=27 December 2010|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iya mega nyadi penuduk [[Cabildo metropolitano|metropolitan Cabildo]] enggau &quot;Paroki Basilika Katedral Metropolitan Bogotá Sante Peter&quot;.

Katedral nya didesain [[Domingo de Petrés]] lalu digaga entara taun 1807 enggau 1823 ba endur ke sama endur tiga bengkah gerija bukai didirika sebedau tu, ke beturut-turut nyadi katedral ungkup mengeri nya. Ketegal reti sejarah, rega seni bina enggau budaya, iya ditukuka nyadi Monumento Nacional nengah dekrit 1,584 kena 11 Ogos 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/Bienes/Images/Decreto_1584-1975.doc|publisher=Ministry of National Education|title=Decree number 1584|date=11 August 1975|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200916/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/Bienes/Images/Decreto_1584-1975.doc|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Penyanding ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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| building_name     = Basilika Katedral Metropolitan enggau Primat Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah enggau Sante Peter ari Bogotá
| native_name       = Catedral Basílica Metropolitana y Primada de la Inmaculada Concepción y San Pedro de Bogotá
| religious_affiliation=[[Roman Katolik]]
| image             = Primatial Cathedral of Bogotá 01.jpg
| caption           = Bogotá Metropolitan Basilica Cathedral next to Sacred Chapel and Archiepiscopal Palace
| location          = [[Bogotá]], [[Kolombia]]
| geo               = {{coord|4.59796|-74.07524|format=dms|region:CO|display=inline,title}}
| rite              = 
| district          = [[Diosis Besai Roman Katolik Bogotá|Diosis Besai Bogotá]]
| province          =
| consecration_year = 
| status            = [[Katedral]], [[Basilika mit]]
| leadership        = Archbishop Metropolitan of Bogotá [[Luis José Rueda Aparicio]]
| website           = http://catedral.arquibogota.org.co/es/
| architect         = Friar Domingo de Petrés
| architecture_type = [[Gerija (begunan)|Gerija]]
| architecture_style= [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]]
| groundbreaking    = 1807 (fourth cathedral)
| year_completed    = 1823
| construction_cost =
| facade_direction  = West
| capacity          =
| length            = 
| width             =
| width_nave        = 
| height_max        = 52
| dome_height_outer = 
| materials         =
| specifications    = 
| image_size        = 250px
| year_started      = 
}}

'''Basilika Katedral Metropolitan enggau Primat Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah enggau Sante Peter ari Bogotá''' tauka dikelala agi enggau nama '''Basilika Katedral Metropolitan Bogotá enggau Primata Kolombia''', enggau rasmi ''Endur Kudus Basilika Katedral Metropolitan enggau Primat Konsepsyen Maria Enda Bepenyalah enggau Sante Peter'' nya [[katedral]] endur sembiang gerija Katolik ti dikuduska ngagai Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah sereta di baruh pengelindung [[Sante Peter]]; nya siti begunan gaya Neoklasik ke bepalan ba Plaza de Bolívar di [[Bogotá]], indu nengeri menua nya.

Katedral tu nyadi penuduk Diosis Besai Metropolitan Bogotá enggau Primata Kolombia, diaku Pope Leo XIII enggau gelar basa ''Primata [[Kolombia]]'', nengah Dekrit Gempuru Konsistorial 7 November 1902.&lt;ref name=&quot;Conference&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cec.org.co/index.shtml?x=400|title=Arquidiócesis de Bogotá – Historia|website=Episcopal Conference of Colombia website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227211201/http://www.cec.org.co/index.shtml?x=400|archive-date=27 December 2010|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iya mega nyadi penuduk [[Cabildo metropolitano|metropolitan Cabildo]] enggau &quot;Paroki Basilika Katedral Metropolitan Bogotá Sante Peter&quot;.

Katedral nya didesain [[Domingo de Petrés]] lalu digaga entara taun 1807 enggau 1823 ba endur ke sama endur tiga bengkah gerija bukai didirika sebedau tu, ke beturut-turut nyadi katedral ungkup mengeri nya. Ketegal reti sejarah, rega seni bina enggau budaya, iya ditukuka nyadi Monumento Nacional nengah dekrit 1,584 kena 11 Ogos 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/Bienes/Images/Decreto_1584-1975.doc|publisher=Ministry of National Education|title=Decree number 1584|date=11 August 1975|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200916/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/Bienes/Images/Decreto_1584-1975.doc|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Penyanding ==
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>fxrt7fdtdqgqe8bhcep1oc3fhuvcckg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Muiska</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3806</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12931</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-04T01:28:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Song GK</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar &quot; [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1290831943|Muisca]] &quot;</comment>
      <origin>12931</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3389" sha1="jq6emkss8qnw0lny5zxlbq3imethvxf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group|group=Muiska|native_name={{lang|cba|Muysca}}|native_name_lang=cba|image=Gold Museum, Bogota (36145671394).jpg|image_caption=[[Rakit Muiska]] (1200–1500 CE)&lt;br /&gt;representation of the initiation of the new ''[[zipa]]'' at the [[Lake Guatavita|lake of Guatavita]]|popplace=[[Altiplano Cundiboyacense]], {{COL}}|total=14,051|total_year=2005|total_source=census|total_ref=&lt;ref name=CensusMuisca&gt;{{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20160604215116/http://www.sdp.gov.co/portal/page/portal/PortalSDP/SeguimientoPoliticas/Politicas%20Poblacionales/pueblosIndigenas/Tab2/Informaci%F3n%20nacional%20sobre%20acciones%20y%20procesos%20para%20pueb.pdf Total population of Muisca in Colombia: 14,051] – Ministry of Internal Affairs – accessed 21-04-2016&lt;/ref&gt;|total2=10,000,000 Mestizo Chibcha (dipelaba)&lt;ref&gt;Ministerio de Cultura (2010) &quot;Muiscas, los hijos de Bachué&quot;. Bogotá&lt;/ref&gt;|langs=[[Jaku Chibcha|Muysccubun (Chibcha)]], [[Jaku Sepanyol Kolombia]]|rels=[[Pengarap Muiska]], [[Katolik]]|related=[[Guane people|Guane]], [[Lache people|Lache]], [[U'wa people|U'wa]], [[Tegua people|Tegua]], [[Guayupe people|Guayupe]], [[Sutagao people|Sutagao]], [[Panche people|Panche]], [[Muzo people|Muzo]]}}Raban bansa '''Muisca''' (ke mega dikumbai '''Chibcha''') nya bansa asal di Kolombia lalu nyadi budaya Pra-Columbus ari Altiplano Cundiboyacense ti numbuhka Konfederasyen Muiska sebedau Sepanyol bejajah Amerika. Raban bansa Muisca bejaku Muysccubun, jaku ari ruang bilik jaku Chibchan, ke mega dikumbai ''Muysca'' enggau ''Mosca''.&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} [http://muysca.cubun.org/muysccubun Muysccubun, the language of the Muisca] – Muysccubun dictionary online&lt;/ref&gt; Penemu keterubah ke ditemu enggau orang Eropah ba kandang menua nya iya nya dalam taun 1537 maya Sepanyol ngalahka New Granada.

Ba Sepanyol Baru, bala paderi enggau pemesai sivil Sepanyol meri empas ti besai ngagai Muiska, nguji deka ngaga sida nyadi Kristian lalu ngemasukka sida ngagai Empayar Sepanyol nyadi subjek.&lt;ref&gt;[[Jorge Gamboa Mendoza|Gamboa Mendoza, Jorge]]. ''Los muiscas y su incorporación a la monarquía castellana en el siglo XVI: Nuevas lecturas desde la Nueva Historia de la Conquista''. Tunja: Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cobo Betancourt, Juan F. (2024). ''[[doi:10.1017/9781009314046|The Coming of the Kingdom: The Muisca, Catholic Reform, and Spanish Colonialism in the New Kingdom of Granada]]''. Open access. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9781009314053}}  &lt;/ref&gt;

Budaya Muiska pengudah penaluk ngasaika ubah ti besai ketegal penumbuh Perintah Baru Granada. Bunsu penemu ungkup Muiska jauh kurang mayuh ari Empayar Aztek Mesoamerica tauka Empayar Inka enggau pengawa sida dipasukka ngagai Empayar Sepanyol maya jeman kolonial. Ba Perintah Baru Granada enggau ngagai jeman kolonial, Muisca nyadi &quot;'raban bansa' rasmi bansa Kolombia&quot; enggau &quot;versyen Aztek enggau Inka ba endur nya&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;quoted in Cobo Betancourt, ''The Coming of the Kingdom''. 25 &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Carl Henrik Langebaek|Langebaek, Carl Henrik]]. ''Los herederos del pasado : indígenas y pensamiento criollo en Colombia y Venezuela''. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes: Ediciones Uniandes 2009 &lt;/ref&gt; Pelajar ke baru pasal Muiska ari bala arkeologi, antropologi, enggau pakar sejarah benung ngubah baru pemereti ati pasal jeman pra-hispanik enggau kolonial Muiska ke udah.</text>
      <sha1>jq6emkss8qnw0lny5zxlbq3imethvxf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>12932</id>
      <parentid>12931</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-04T01:28:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Song GK</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>12932</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3419" sha1="sy4exqqk99rt8limd37vpqrfn0c2gxk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group|group=Muiska|native_name={{lang|cba|Muysca}}|native_name_lang=cba|image=Gold Museum, Bogota (36145671394).jpg|image_caption=[[Rakit Muiska]] (1200–1500 CE)&lt;br /&gt;representation of the initiation of the new ''[[zipa]]'' at the [[Lake Guatavita|lake of Guatavita]]|popplace=[[Altiplano Cundiboyacense]], {{COL}}|total=14,051|total_year=2005|total_source=census|total_ref=&lt;ref name=CensusMuisca&gt;{{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20160604215116/http://www.sdp.gov.co/portal/page/portal/PortalSDP/SeguimientoPoliticas/Politicas%20Poblacionales/pueblosIndigenas/Tab2/Informaci%F3n%20nacional%20sobre%20acciones%20y%20procesos%20para%20pueb.pdf Total population of Muisca in Colombia: 14,051] – Ministry of Internal Affairs – accessed 21-04-2016&lt;/ref&gt;|total2=10,000,000 Mestizo Chibcha (dipelaba)&lt;ref&gt;Ministerio de Cultura (2010) &quot;Muiscas, los hijos de Bachué&quot;. Bogotá&lt;/ref&gt;|langs=[[Jaku Chibcha|Muysccubun (Chibcha)]], [[Jaku Sepanyol Kolombia]]|rels=[[Pengarap Muiska]], [[Katolik]]|related=[[Guane people|Guane]], [[Lache people|Lache]], [[U'wa people|U'wa]], [[Tegua people|Tegua]], [[Guayupe people|Guayupe]], [[Sutagao people|Sutagao]], [[Panche people|Panche]], [[Muzo people|Muzo]]}}Raban bansa '''Muisca''' (ke mega dikumbai '''Chibcha''') nya bansa asal di Kolombia lalu nyadi budaya Pra-Columbus ari Altiplano Cundiboyacense ti numbuhka Konfederasyen Muiska sebedau Sepanyol bejajah Amerika. Raban bansa Muisca bejaku Muysccubun, jaku ari ruang bilik jaku Chibchan, ke mega dikumbai ''Muysca'' enggau ''Mosca''.&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} [http://muysca.cubun.org/muysccubun Muysccubun, the language of the Muisca] – Muysccubun dictionary online&lt;/ref&gt; Penemu keterubah ke ditemu enggau orang Eropah ba kandang menua nya iya nya dalam taun 1537 maya Sepanyol ngalahka New Granada.

Ba Sepanyol Baru, bala paderi enggau pemesai sivil Sepanyol meri empas ti besai ngagai Muiska, nguji deka ngaga sida nyadi Kristian lalu ngemasukka sida ngagai Empayar Sepanyol nyadi subjek.&lt;ref&gt;[[Jorge Gamboa Mendoza|Gamboa Mendoza, Jorge]]. ''Los muiscas y su incorporación a la monarquía castellana en el siglo XVI: Nuevas lecturas desde la Nueva Historia de la Conquista''. Tunja: Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cobo Betancourt, Juan F. (2024). ''[[doi:10.1017/9781009314046|The Coming of the Kingdom: The Muisca, Catholic Reform, and Spanish Colonialism in the New Kingdom of Granada]]''. Open access. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9781009314053}}  &lt;/ref&gt;

Budaya Muiska pengudah penaluk ngasaika ubah ti besai ketegal penumbuh Perintah Baru Granada. Bunsu penemu ungkup Muiska jauh kurang mayuh ari Empayar Aztek Mesoamerica tauka Empayar Inka enggau pengawa sida dipasukka ngagai Empayar Sepanyol maya jeman kolonial. Ba Perintah Baru Granada enggau ngagai jeman kolonial, Muisca nyadi &quot;'raban bansa' rasmi bansa Kolombia&quot; enggau &quot;versyen Aztek enggau Inka ba endur nya&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;quoted in Cobo Betancourt, ''The Coming of the Kingdom''. 25 &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Carl Henrik Langebaek|Langebaek, Carl Henrik]]. ''Los herederos del pasado : indígenas y pensamiento criollo en Colombia y Venezuela''. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes: Ediciones Uniandes 2009 &lt;/ref&gt; Pelajar ke baru pasal Muiska ari bala arkeologi, antropologi, enggau pakar sejarah benung ngubah baru pemereti ati pasal jeman pra-hispanik enggau kolonial Muiska ke udah.

== Penyanding ==
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>sy4exqqk99rt8limd37vpqrfn0c2gxk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>12933</id>
      <parentid>12932</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-04T01:29:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Song GK</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>12933</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3420" sha1="6otvw2w3q7fn1fq1la8d9f2sd3egvxx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group|group=Muiska|native_name={{lang|cba|Muysca}}|native_name_lang=cba|image=Gold Museum, Bogota (36145671394).jpg|image_caption=[[Rakit Muiska]] (1200–1500 CE)&lt;br /&gt;representation of the initiation of the new ''[[zipa]]'' at the [[Lake Guatavita|lake of Guatavita]]|popplace=[[Altiplano Cundiboyacense]], {{COL}}|total=14,051|total_year=2005|total_source=census|total_ref=&lt;ref name=CensusMuisca&gt;{{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20160604215116/http://www.sdp.gov.co/portal/page/portal/PortalSDP/SeguimientoPoliticas/Politicas%20Poblacionales/pueblosIndigenas/Tab2/Informaci%F3n%20nacional%20sobre%20acciones%20y%20procesos%20para%20pueb.pdf Total population of Muisca in Colombia: 14,051] – Ministry of Internal Affairs – accessed 21-04-2016&lt;/ref&gt;|total2=10,000,000 Mestizo Chibcha (dipelaba)&lt;ref&gt;Ministerio de Cultura (2010) &quot;Muiscas, los hijos de Bachué&quot;. Bogotá&lt;/ref&gt;|langs=[[Jaku Chibcha|Muysccubun (Chibcha)]], [[Jaku Sepanyol Kolombia]]|rels=[[Pengarap Muiska]], [[Katolik]]|related=[[Guane people|Guane]], [[Lache people|Lache]], [[U'wa people|U'wa]], [[Tegua people|Tegua]], [[Guayupe people|Guayupe]], [[Sutagao people|Sutagao]], [[Panche people|Panche]], [[Muzo people|Muzo]]}}
Raban bansa '''Muiska''' (ke mega dikumbai '''Chibcha''') nya bansa asal di Kolombia lalu nyadi budaya Pra-Columbus ari Altiplano Cundiboyacense ti numbuhka Konfederasyen Muiska sebedau Sepanyol bejajah Amerika. Raban bansa Muisca bejaku Muysccubun, jaku ari ruang bilik jaku Chibchan, ke mega dikumbai ''Muysca'' enggau ''Mosca''.&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} [http://muysca.cubun.org/muysccubun Muysccubun, the language of the Muisca] – Muysccubun dictionary online&lt;/ref&gt; Penemu keterubah ke ditemu enggau orang Eropah ba kandang menua nya iya nya dalam taun 1537 maya Sepanyol ngalahka New Granada.

Ba Sepanyol Baru, bala paderi enggau pemesai sivil Sepanyol meri empas ti besai ngagai Muiska, nguji deka ngaga sida nyadi Kristian lalu ngemasukka sida ngagai Empayar Sepanyol nyadi subjek.&lt;ref&gt;[[Jorge Gamboa Mendoza|Gamboa Mendoza, Jorge]]. ''Los muiscas y su incorporación a la monarquía castellana en el siglo XVI: Nuevas lecturas desde la Nueva Historia de la Conquista''. Tunja: Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cobo Betancourt, Juan F. (2024). ''[[doi:10.1017/9781009314046|The Coming of the Kingdom: The Muisca, Catholic Reform, and Spanish Colonialism in the New Kingdom of Granada]]''. Open access. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9781009314053}}  &lt;/ref&gt;

Budaya Muiska pengudah penaluk ngasaika ubah ti besai ketegal penumbuh Perintah Baru Granada. Bunsu penemu ungkup Muiska jauh kurang mayuh ari Empayar Aztek Mesoamerica tauka Empayar Inka enggau pengawa sida dipasukka ngagai Empayar Sepanyol maya jeman kolonial. Ba Perintah Baru Granada enggau ngagai jeman kolonial, Muisca nyadi &quot;'raban bansa' rasmi bansa Kolombia&quot; enggau &quot;versyen Aztek enggau Inka ba endur nya&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;quoted in Cobo Betancourt, ''The Coming of the Kingdom''. 25 &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Carl Henrik Langebaek|Langebaek, Carl Henrik]]. ''Los herederos del pasado : indígenas y pensamiento criollo en Colombia y Venezuela''. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes: Ediciones Uniandes 2009 &lt;/ref&gt; Pelajar ke baru pasal Muiska ari bala arkeologi, antropologi, enggau pakar sejarah benung ngubah baru pemereti ati pasal jeman pra-hispanik enggau kolonial Muiska ke udah.

== Penyanding ==
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>6otvw2w3q7fn1fq1la8d9f2sd3egvxx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Templat:Country data Kolombia</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3807</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12934</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-04T01:30:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Song GK</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{ {{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|country showdata&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} | alias = Kolombia | flag alias = Flag of Colombia.svg | flag alias-1861 = Flag of Colombia (WFB 2013).gif | flag alias-2004 = Flag of Colombia (2004 World Factbook).gif | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Colombia.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Colombia.svg | link alias-naval = Colombian National Navy | flag alias-army = Flag of the Colombian Army.svg | link alias-army = Colombian National...'</comment>
      <origin>12934</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1065" sha1="bdt7usggc8tkpwdx1t6ulixywzb5t34" xml:space="preserve">{{ {{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|country showdata&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}
| alias = Kolombia
| flag alias = Flag of Colombia.svg
| flag alias-1861 = Flag of Colombia (WFB 2013).gif
| flag alias-2004 = Flag of Colombia (2004 World Factbook).gif
| flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Colombia.svg
| flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Colombia.svg
| link alias-naval = Colombian National Navy
| flag alias-army = Flag of the Colombian Army.svg
| link alias-army = Colombian National Army
| flag alias-air force = Flag of the Colombian Air Force.svg
| link alias-air force = Colombian Aerospace Force
| flag alias-marines=Flag of the Colombian Naval Infantry.svg
| link alias-marines=Colombian Naval Infantry
| link alias-navy = Colombian National Navy 
| flag alias-navy = Flag of the Colombian Navy.svg
| flag alias-military = Military flag of Colombia.svg
| link alias-military = Military Forces of Colombia 
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| var1 = 1861
| var2 = 2004
| var3 = civil
| redir1 = COL
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}</text>
      <sha1>bdt7usggc8tkpwdx1t6ulixywzb5t34</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Templat:COL</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3808</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12935</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-04T01:31:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Song GK</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{#invoke:flag||Kolombia}}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{flag template documentation|Colombia|COL|COL|COL}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;'</comment>
      <origin>12935</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="103" sha1="5dadhmt1lun6outi7aj2cxv5jr19c4d" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:flag||Kolombia}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{flag template documentation|Colombia|COL|COL|COL}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5dadhmt1lun6outi7aj2cxv5jr19c4d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jaku Chibcha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3809</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12936</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-04T01:46:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Song GK</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar &quot; [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1292947031|Chibcha language]] &quot;</comment>
      <origin>12936</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7057" sha1="eqb61ecgk5cjk0456hucwkvtucg2wbq" xml:space="preserve">'''Jaku Chibcha''', '''Moska''', '''Muiska''',{{Sfn|Uricoechea|1854}} '''Muysla''' (*/ˈmɨska/ *[ˈmʷɨska] {{Sfn|González de Pérez|2006}}), tauka '''Muysca de Bogotá''' {{Sfn|Gómez|2020}} nya jaku ti dikena bansa [[Muiska]], siti ari mayuh budaya asal Amerika. Raban bansa Muiska diau ba menua [[Kolombia]] kemaya tu.

Nama jaku '''''Muysc cubun''''' dalam jaku iya empu mai reti “jaku orang mayuh”, ari ''muysca'' (“orang”) enggau ''cubun'' (“jaku” tauka “leka jaku”). Taja pan jaku tu udah lenyau ba abad ke-17 (kira-kira), sekeda proses ngidupka baru jaku benung dipejalaika dalam komuniti Muiska kemaya tu. Raban bansa Muiska mengkang bebida etnik lalu komuniti sida diaku menua Colombia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.radionacional.co/cultura/las-raices-muiscas-que-sobreviven-en-suba Las raíces muiscas que sobreviven en Suba].  &lt;/ref&gt;

Bala pakar ti beguna ti udah meri bantu ngagai penemu jaku Muiska nyengkaum Juan de Castellanos, Bernardo de Lugo, José Domingo Duquesne enggau Ezequiel Uricoechea.

== Klasifikasyen ==
Jaku Muysca tu sebagi ari ruang bilik linguistik Chibcha, ti lalu masuk dalam perugan makro-Chibchan. Ruang bilik linguistik Chibcha nyengkaum sekeda jaku asal Amerika Tengah enggau Barat Laut Amerika Selatan.

=== Banding enggau jaku Chibcha ke bukai ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Muysc cubun
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Duit&lt;small&gt;Boyacá&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Uwa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Boyacá&lt;br /&gt;N. &lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;de Santander&lt;br /&gt;Arauca&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Barí&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;N. &lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;de Santander&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Chimila&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Cesar&lt;br /&gt;Magdalena&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Kogui&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;S.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;N. de&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;Santa Marta&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Guna&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Darién Gap&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Guaymí&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Panama]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Costa Rica&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Boruca&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Costa Rica&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Maléku&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Costa Rica&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Rama&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Nicaragua&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Jaku Iban
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Nota
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |chie
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |tia
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |siʔ
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |chibai
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |má
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |saka
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |sö
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |sö
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |tebej
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |tlijii
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |tukan
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |bulan
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |{{small|&lt;ref&gt;{{in lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. Gómez, Diego F. 2009–2017 [http://muysca.cubun.org/chie(2) Muysccubun: ''chie'']&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Casimilas Rojas, 2005, p. 250&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1947, p. 30&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Quesada &amp; Rojas, 1999, p. 93&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |ata
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |atia
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |úbistia
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |intok
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |ti-tasu/nyé
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kwati
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |éˇxi
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |dooka
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |satu
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. &lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |muysca
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |dary
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |tsá
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |ngäbe
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |ochápaká
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |nkiikna
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |orang
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. &lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |aba
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |eba
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |á
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |jagung
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. &lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |pquyquy
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |tò
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |jantung
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. &lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |bcasqua
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yút
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |purkwe
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |parai
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. &lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |uê
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |háta
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |ju
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |uu
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |rumah
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. &lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |cho
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mex
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |morén
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |manah
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. &lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |zihita
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yén
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |pek-pen
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |pamak
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1947, p. 36&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. &lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Penyanding ==
{{Reflist|20em}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>12937</id>
      <parentid>12936</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-04T01:47:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Song GK</username>
        <id>9</id>
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      <origin>12937</origin>
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      <text bytes="9297" sha1="5gh3oi4dwvv5g6dd9cdy32sat17jxve" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox language
| name             = Chibcha
| altname          = Muisca, Muysca
| nativename       = {{Transliteration|chb|Muysc cubun}}
| pronunciation    = {{IPA|*[mʷɨsk kuβun]}}
| region           = [[Altiplano Cundiboyacense]]
| state            = [[Colombia]]
| map              = Chibcha lang.png
| mapcaption       = Chibchan languages. Chibcha itself is spoken in the southernmost area, in central Colombia
| ethnicity        = [[Muisca people|Muisca]]
| extinct          = 18th century&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Ardila|first=Olga|year=2016|title=El muysca y la muerte de las lenguas|publisher=en 'Muysca: Memoria y presencia'. Universidad Nacional de Colombia|quote=Finally, in the 18th century, a new linguistic policy prohibited the use of indigenous languages and imposed the use of Spanish, according to a royal decree of 1770 from Charles III. This policy sought to achieve &quot;that the different languages used in all domains become extinct and only Spanish is spoken. '''By this time, Muysca was already considered an extinct language'''}} (Ardila, 2016:264) 
:&quot;...the languages with a higher level of contact and greater recognition are more vulnerable, as was the case of the Muysca language, with a significant population at the arrival of the Spanish, and '''which has been extinct since the 18th century''', despite having been recognized and taught as a general language.&quot; (Ardila, 2016: 274-275) (Original text in Spanish).&lt;/ref&gt;
| speakers         = No known native speakers&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/chib1270|title=According to Glotolog it is an extinct language}} Linguists Adolfo Constenla (1984), María González (1987, 2006) and Adelaar (2007) also consider it an extinct language.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ref              = linglist
| familycolor      = American
| fam1             = [[Chibchan languages|Chibchan]]
| fam2             = Kuna-Colombian
| fam3             = 
| dialects         = [[Duit language|Duit]]
| script           = only [[Muisca numerals|numerals]]
| iso2             = chb
| iso3             = chb
| glotto           = chib1270
| glottorefname    = Chibcha
| notice           = IPA
| revived          = at least 150 speakers {{citation needed|date=April 2025}}
}}

'''Jaku Chibcha''', '''Moska''', '''Muiska''',{{Sfn|Uricoechea|1854}} '''Muysla''' (*/ˈmɨska/ *[ˈmʷɨska] {{Sfn|González de Pérez|2006}}), tauka '''Muysca de Bogotá''' {{Sfn|Gómez|2020}} nya jaku ti dikena bansa [[Muiska]], siti ari mayuh budaya asal Amerika. Raban bansa Muiska diau ba menua [[Kolombia]] kemaya tu.

Nama jaku '''''Muysc cubun''''' dalam jaku iya empu mai reti “jaku orang mayuh”, ari ''muysca'' (“orang”) enggau ''cubun'' (“jaku” tauka “leka jaku”). Taja pan jaku tu udah lenyau ba abad ke-17 (kira-kira), sekeda proses ngidupka baru jaku benung dipejalaika dalam komuniti Muiska kemaya tu. Raban bansa Muiska mengkang bebida etnik lalu komuniti sida diaku menua Colombia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.radionacional.co/cultura/las-raices-muiscas-que-sobreviven-en-suba Las raíces muiscas que sobreviven en Suba].  &lt;/ref&gt;

Bala pakar ti beguna ti udah meri bantu ngagai penemu jaku Muiska nyengkaum Juan de Castellanos, Bernardo de Lugo, José Domingo Duquesne enggau Ezequiel Uricoechea.

== Klasifikasyen ==
Jaku Muysca tu sebagi ari ruang bilik linguistik Chibcha, ti lalu masuk dalam perugan makro-Chibchan. Ruang bilik linguistik Chibcha nyengkaum sekeda jaku asal Amerika Tengah enggau Barat Laut Amerika Selatan.

=== Banding enggau jaku Chibcha ke bukai ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Muysc cubun
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Duit&lt;small&gt;Boyacá&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Uwa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Boyacá&lt;br /&gt;N. &lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;de Santander&lt;br /&gt;Arauca&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Barí&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;N. &lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;de Santander&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Chimila&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Cesar&lt;br /&gt;Magdalena&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Kogui&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;S.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;N. de&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;Santa Marta&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Guna&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Darién Gap&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Guaymí&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Panama]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Costa Rica&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Boruca&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Costa Rica&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Maléku&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Costa Rica&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Rama&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Nicaragua&lt;/small&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Jaku Iban
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |Nota
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |chie
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |tia
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |siʔ
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |chibai
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |má
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |saka
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |sö
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |sö
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |tebej
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |tlijii
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |tukan
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |bulan
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |{{small|&lt;ref&gt;{{in lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. Gómez, Diego F. 2009–2017 [http://muysca.cubun.org/chie(2) Muysccubun: ''chie'']&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Casimilas Rojas, 2005, p. 250&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1947, p. 30&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Quesada &amp; Rojas, 1999, p. 93&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |ata
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |atia
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |úbistia
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |intok
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |ti-tasu/nyé
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kwati
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |éˇxi
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |dooka
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |satu
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. &lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |muysca
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |dary
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |tsá
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |ngäbe
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |ochápaká
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |nkiikna
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |orang
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. &lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |aba
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |eba
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |á
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |jagung
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. &lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |pquyquy
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |tò
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |jantung
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. &lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |bcasqua
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yút
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |purkwe
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |parai
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. &lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |uê
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |háta
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |ju
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |uu
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |rumah
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. &lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |cho
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mex
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |morén
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |manah
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. &lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |zihita
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yén
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |pek-pen
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |pamak
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1947, p. 36&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. &lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Penyanding ==
{{Reflist|20em}}</text>
      <sha1>5gh3oi4dwvv5g6dd9cdy32sat17jxve</sha1>
    </revision>
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