Wikipedia ibawiki https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambar_Keterubah MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.3 first-letter Media Spesyel Randau Penggena Randau penggena Wikipedia Randau Wikipedia Fail Randau fail MediaWiki Randau MediaWiki Templat Randau templat Bantu Randau bantu Kategori Randau kategori TimedText TimedText talk Modul Randau modul Acara Perbincangan acara 0 1300 12925 9746 2025-06-03T07:33:02Z 92.92.126.143 12925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Cardi B | image = Cardi B 2021 02.jpg | caption = Cardi B maya taun 2021 | birth_name = Belcalis Marlenis Almánzar | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2003|10|11}} | birth_place = [[Nengeri New York]], [[Amerika Serikat|AS]]<!--No boroughs/neighborhoods, just cities per format.--> | other_names = Belcalis Almánzar-Cephus | education = [[Borough of Manhattan Community College]] | occupation = {{Flatlist| * Rapper * songwriter * actress }} | children = 2 | years_active = 2014–diatu | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Offset (rapper)|Offset]]|2017|2023|end=separated}} | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Cardi B|Full list]] | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | genre = {{Hlist|[[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]|[[Trap music|trap]]|[[dirty rap]]}} | instrument = Vocals | label = [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]] | website = {{URL|Cardib.com}} {{Infobox | child=yes | header = Logo | headerstyle = background:#b0c4de | data1 = [[Fail:CardiB Logo (2024).svg|200px]]}} }} }} '''Belcalis Marlenis Cephus''' (née '''Almánzar'''; ada 11 Oktober 2003), dikelala enggau nama '''Cardi B''', nya siku rapper Amerika. Iya siku ari rapper indu ke pemadu mujur ba pengawa komersial ba rebak iya. Diada sereta besai ba [[Nengeri New York]], iya keterubah iya tebilang nengah video ke dikunsi ba [[Vine]] enggau [[Instagram]]. Ari taun 2015 ngagai pun taun 2017, iya bisi ayan nyadi pelakun tetap ba siri televisyen realiti VH1 Love & Hip Hop: New York, ti ​​ngayanka pengawa iya ti nguji aspirasyen muzik iya, lalu bulih pengangkun ke lebih agi enggau pengawa ngeluarka dua iti mixtape iya: Gangsta Bitch Muzic, Vol. 1 (2016) enggau Vol. 2 (2017). == Malin == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Muzik]] 963hjnbfb1559fujji2e4xiqodtog7v 0 1899 12938 12447 2025-06-04T08:30:38Z Cerevisae 18 12938 wikitext text/x-wiki Bintang beguna amat ba pengawa besai baka bumai enggau pengawa bukai bansa Iban. Kalender bulan Iban nitihka ba "bintang banyak" (bintang Pleiades) enggau "bintang tiga" (tiga bintang ba belulang Orion).<ref>Ammarell, G. (2008). Astronomy in the Indo‐Malay Archipelago. In: Selin, H. (eds) Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures. Springer, Dordrecht. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4425-0_8462 10.1007/978-1-4020-4425-0_8462]</ref><ref>Chalmers, J. (1997). Birth and Death of a critical tradition in Iban knowledges. Dialectical Anthropology. Lambar 170. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/29790452 JSTOR]</ref> Kena musim nanam, dua iku orang deka dianjung ngagai utan ninting hari ngiga tanda. Udah bekau timpuh, lebuh tanda nya udah betul, bintang Pleiades niki sebedau pagi reti pengawa umai baru. Sida patut tembu nebas utan sebedau angkat bintang Orion masa pagi enti enda asil utai tanam deka enda manah. Lelaki ngereja pengawa nebang kayu, lalu indu ngereja pengawa narit lalang. Semina lebuh Pleiades ba pun sebedau pagi sida deka mutuska sekalika deka betunu sereta nabur. Nengah tengah hari, lebuh angin benung bepuput lalu angin kering, sida deka ngena chara khas dikena ngetanka angin. Udah nya, api ditunu ba kayu mati.<ref>[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Journal_of_the_Straits_Branch_of_the_Royal_Asiatic_Society/Volume_42/Various_Methods_of_Computing_the_Time_for_Planting_among_the_Races_of_Borneo Various Methods of Computing the Time for Planting among the Races of Borneo] Lambar 1-5. Dikeluarka Journal of the Straits Branch of Royal Asiatic Society ba taun 1905 ba Wikibunsu Jaku Inggeris.</ref> Planetarium Sultan Iskandar bepalan ba Kuching udah dibuka ngagai mensia mayuh kena 1 Mac 1989 tu tadi.<ref>{{cite news|title=King and Queen to visit Sarawak|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19890117&id=Y6omAAAAIBAJ&pg=6899,281017&hl=en|access-date=25 December 2015|work=[[New Straits Times]]|date=17 January 1989|quote=The king will then visit the Dewan Suarah Complex here to open a Planetarium.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bekunsi penemu astronomi ba Hari Astronomi Sedunya, 28 Mei|url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/05/21/bekunsi-penemu-astronomi-ba-hari-astronomi-sedunya-28-mei/|access-date=14 December 2024|work=The Borneo Post|date=21 May 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612213747/https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/05/21/bekunsi-penemu-astronomi-ba-hari-astronomi-sedunya-28-mei/|archivedate=12 June 2021}}</ref> Premier Sarawak Abang Johari madahka ba taun 2021, meransang pengawa astronomi laban ulih meri penguntung jemah ila.<ref>[https://thesun.my/local_news/sarawak-to-expand-study-of-astronomy-to-generate-economic-benefits-abang-johari-DM8394104 Sarawak to expand the study of astronomy to generate economic benefits - Abang Johari] Dikeluarka 24 September 2021. Diarkib maya [https://web.archive.org/web/20231205032109/https://thesun.my/local_news/sarawak-to-expand-study-of-astronomy-to-generate-economic-benefits-abang-johari-DM8394104 5 Disember 2023]</ref> Sarawak numbuhka begunan astronomi Islam bepalan ba Miri enggau Bintulu nyentuk 2022. Sarawak deka numbuhka begunan astronomi Islam bepalan Kuching jemah ila.<ref>[https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/12/09/swak-allocates-rm107-mln-to-build-new-islamic-astronomy-centre-in-kuching/ S’wak allocates RM107 mln to build new Islamic astronomy centre in Kuching] Dikeluarka 9 December 2022. Diarkib maya [https://web.archive.org/web/20221212031106/https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/12/09/swak-allocates-rm107-mln-to-build-new-islamic-astronomy-centre-in-kuching/ 12 Disember 2022]</ref> Raban Change Maker SMK Bintulu ti udah diaku nyadi pemenang global ba Cabaran NASA Space Apps 2021.<ref>[https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2023/08/19/meitd-dekaka-penyereta-nyengkaum-ari-menua-pesisir-universiti-enggau-space-apps-sarawak MEITD dekaka penyereta nyengkaum ari menua pesisir, universiti enggau 'Space Apps Sarawak'] Dikeluarka Utusan Borneo ba 19 Ogos 2023. Diarkib maya [https://web.archive.org/web/20231223092015/https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2023/08/19/meitd-dekaka-penyereta-nyengkaum-ari-menua-pesisir-universiti-enggau-space-apps-sarawak 23 Disember 2023]</ref> ==Peda mega== *[[Pengawa bilun ba Sarawak]] ==Penyanding== <references/> ml48fvf2kinrq5yqyzm63vuxzj6twqd 0 2026 12911 12423 2025-06-02T15:12:07Z Song GK 9 12911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Holocene|ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=103145|title=Pteropus Brisson 1762 (flying fox)|website=Fossilworks|access-date=17 December 2021|archive-date=12 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312002730/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=103145|url-status=live}}</ref>}} | image = Polynesian flying fox (Pteropus tonganus) in flight Taveuni.jpg | image_caption = Polynesian flying fox<br>''[[Pteropus tonganus]]'', Taveuni, Fiji | taxon = Pteropus | authority = [[Mathurin Jacques Brisson|Brisson]], 1762 | type_species = ''[[Pteropus niger|Vespertilio vampyrus niger]]''<ref name="ICZN 1998">{{cite journal |author1=ICZN |title=Opinion 1894. ''Regnum Animale ...'', Ed. 2 (M.J. Brisson, 1762): rejected for nomenclatural purposes, with the conservation of the mammalian generic names ''Philander'' (Marsupialia), ''Pteropus'' (Chiroptera), ''Glis'', ''Cuniculus'', and ''Hydrochoerus'' (Rodentia), ''Meles'', ''Lutra'' and ''Hyaena'' (Carnivora), ''Tapirus'' (Perissodactyla), ''Tragulus'' and ''Giraffa'' (Artiodactyla) |journal=Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature |date=1998 |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=64–71 |url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12441432}}</ref> | type_species_authority = Kerr, 1792 | range_map = Pteropus range.jpg | range_map_caption = Worldwide distribution of flying foxes }} '''Semawa''' (suborder [[Yinpterochiroptera]]) nya [[genus]] ari [[entawai]]. Mayuh ari sida ulih ditemu ba [[Asia Selatan]], [[Asia Tenggara]], [[Australia]], [[Afrika Timur]], sereta sekeda pulau ba entara [[Tasik Hindi]] enggau [[Tasik Pasifik|Pasifik]].<ref name="Walker 1999">{{cite book| editor-last=Nowak| editor-first= R. M.| year=1999| title= Walker's Mammals of the World| volume= 1| edition= 6| pages=264–271| publisher= Johns Hopkins University Press| isbn=978-0-8018-5789-8}}</ref> Bisi enda kurang ari 60 spesies dalam genus tu.<ref name = MSW3>{{MSW3 Chiroptera | id = 13800239 | pages = 334–346 | heading = Genus ''Pteropus''}}</ref> == Penyanding == {{reflist}} a5s0i7yl6kmqcr4d4qk8i1ckkv14wad 12924 12911 2025-06-02T15:29:58Z Song GK 9 12924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Holocene|ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=103145|title=Pteropus Brisson 1762 (flying fox)|website=Fossilworks|access-date=17 December 2021|archive-date=12 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312002730/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=103145|url-status=live}}</ref>}} | image = Polynesian flying fox (Pteropus tonganus) in flight Taveuni.jpg | image_caption = Polynesian flying fox<br>''[[Pteropus tonganus]]'', Taveuni, Fiji | taxon = Pteropus | authority = [[Mathurin Jacques Brisson|Brisson]], 1762 | type_species = ''[[Pteropus niger|Vespertilio vampyrus niger]]''<ref name="ICZN 1998">{{cite journal |author1=ICZN |title=Opinion 1894. ''Regnum Animale ...'', Ed. 2 (M.J. Brisson, 1762): rejected for nomenclatural purposes, with the conservation of the mammalian generic names ''Philander'' (Marsupialia), ''Pteropus'' (Chiroptera), ''Glis'', ''Cuniculus'', and ''Hydrochoerus'' (Rodentia), ''Meles'', ''Lutra'' and ''Hyaena'' (Carnivora), ''Tapirus'' (Perissodactyla), ''Tragulus'' and ''Giraffa'' (Artiodactyla) |journal=Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature |date=1998 |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=64–71 |url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12441432}}</ref> | type_species_authority = Kerr, 1792 | range_map = Pteropus range.jpg | range_map_caption = Worldwide distribution of flying foxes }} '''Semawa''' (suborder [[Yinpterochiroptera]]) nya [[genus]] ari [[entawai]]. Mayuh ari sida ulih ditemu ba [[Asia Selatan]], [[Asia Tenggara]], [[Australia]], [[Afrika Timur]], sereta sekeda pulau ba entara [[Tasik Hindi]] enggau [[Tasik Pasifik|Pasifik]].<ref name="Walker 1999">{{cite book| editor-last=Nowak| editor-first= R. M.| date=1999| title= Walker's Mammals of the World| volume= 1| edition= 6| pages=264–271| publisher= Johns Hopkins University Press| isbn=978-0-8018-5789-8}}</ref> Bisi enda kurang ari 60 spesies dalam genus tu.<ref name = MSW3>{{MSW3 Chiroptera | id = 13800239 | pages = 334–346 | heading = Genus ''Pteropus''}}</ref> == Penyanding == {{reflist}} qfl8zkt4n25xs817eh2l69stl5wy3ux 0 3350 12941 12794 2025-06-05T01:31:38Z 110.159.169.113 12941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox academic | name = Ismaʿil al-Faruqi | image = Ismail-al-faruqi-photo.png | caption = Gambar rasmi, {{circa|1980}} | native_name = إسماعيل راجي الفاروقي | native_name_lang = ar | birth_date = {{birth date|1921|1|1|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Jaffa]], [[Palestin Baruh British]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1986|5|27|1921|1|1|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Wyncote, Pennsylvania]], Amerika Syarikat | nationality = [[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|20px]] [[Palestin]]<br />[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Amerika Serikat]] | spouse = [[Lois Lamya al-Faruqi]] (1951–1986) | children = 5 | education = * Universiti Amerika di Beirut * Universiti Indiana * Universiti Harvard * Universiti Al-Azhar | discipline = filosofi | sub_discipline = pengarap banding, Pelajar Islam | workplaces = * Universiti McGill * Universiti Temple | main_interests = Islam, Arabisme, pengarap Judah, Kristian, Anti-Zionisma | notable_works = * ''Al-Tawhid: Its Implications for Thought and Life'' * ''Islam and the Problem of Israel'' * ''Christian Ethics'' | website = {{URL|https://ismailfaruqi.com}} | signature = Ismail al Faruqi Signature.svg | signature_alt = Sain Isma'il al-Faruqi }} '''Ismaʿil Raji al-Faruqi''' ({{Langx|ar|إسماعيل راجي الفاروقي}} "Ismāʿīl Rājī al-Fārūqī" ; Januari 1921 – 27 Mei 1986) nya siku kaban filosofi enggau sarjana Islam Palestin-Amerika ti mayuh begawa dalam pelajar Islam enggau dialog entara pengarap. Iya udah belajar beberapa taun ba Universiti Al-Azhar di Kairo, [[Ejip]] lalu ngajar ba universiti di [[Amerika Utara]], nyengkaum Universiti McGill di Montreal, [[Kanada]]. Al-Faruqi siku profesor pengarap ba Universiti Temple, ke alai iya numbuhka sereta nyadi chairman program Pelajar Islam. Iya mega sama numbuhka Institut Runding Islam Entarabansa (IIIT). Al-Faruqi udah ngarang lebih 100 iti artikel enggau 25 iti bup, nyengkaum ''"Etika Kristian: Penemu Ngemansik enggau Jerita Penemu Ke Berpengaruh Besai"'' (1967) enggau ''"Al-Tawhid: Kesan Ngagai Penemu enggau Pengidup"'' (1982), mansik runding Islam, konsep monoteisme, enggau kaul entara pengarap. Dalam taun 1986, al-Faruqi enggau bini iya, Lois Lamya al-Faruqi, dibunuh ba rumah seduai iya di Pennsylvania. Kes tu narit ati mayuh orang, laban pengelenyau sida balat ngeruga komuniti akademik enggau entara pengarap.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Isma'il R. al-Faruqi: January 1, 1921–May 27, 1986|journal=Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science|volume=21|issue=4|pages=549|date=1986|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9744.1986.tb00767.x|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Eylon |first=Dina Ripsman |title=Faruqi, Isma'il Raji al- (1921-1986), scholar of religion and Islamic social activist |trans-title=Faruqi, Isma'il Raji al- (1921–1986), sarjana agama enggau pengawa sosial Islam |encyclopedia=American National Biography |date=2000 |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0801848 |url=https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-0801848 |access-date=4 December 2024 |language=en |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Nyang |first=Sulayman S. |title=In Memoriam |trans-title=Dalam Pengingat |journal=American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences |volume=3 |issue=1 |date=1986 |pages=6–9 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Braibanti |first=Ralph |title=Isma'il and Lois Al-Faruqi: A Memorial Tribute |journal=Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies |volume=9 |issue=4 |date=1986 |pages=3–11 |publisher=Pakistan American Foundation |location=Villanova, PA |language=en}}</ref> == Biografi == === Pengidup tumu enggau pelajar === Al-Faruqi ada ba Jaffa, di [[Palestin]] lebuh agi dipegai British.<ref name="Yusuf2021">{{Cite book |title=Essential Writings: Ismail Al Faruqi |trans-title=Penyurat Pengawa Besai: Ismail Al Faruqi |publisher=IBT Books |date=2021 |editor-last=Imtiyaz Yusuf |location=Kuala Lumpur |page=3 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="OxfordIslam">{{cite web|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095811314|title=Faruqi, Ismail Raji al- (1986)|work=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam|publisher=Oxford Reference|accessdate=2024-07-04|language=en}}</ref> Apai iya, Abd al-Huda al-Faruqi, siku qadi (akim [[Islam]]). Al-Faruqi nerima pelajar pengarap tumu iya ba rumah enggau ba masjid ke besemak. Kuing apai iya balat nempa pelajar pengarap enggau moral al-Faruqi maya agi mit.<ref name="Badri2014">{{cite journal |last=Badri |first=Malik |date=2014 |title=Psychological Reflections on Ismail al-Faruqi's Life and Contributions |trans-title=Renungan Psikologi ngagai Pengidup enggau Sumbangan Ismail al-Faruqi |journal=The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=145–152 |doi=10.35632/ajis.v31i2.1052}}</ref> Dalam taun 1936, iya berengkah besekula ba Kolej Dominikan Peranchis des Frères de Jaffa.<ref name="Yusuf2021" /><ref name="Esposito2001">{{Cite book |last=Esposito |first=John L. |last2=Voll |first2=John O. |title=Makers of Contemporary Islam |trans-title=Pencipta Islam Kontemporari |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2001 |pages=52–70 |language=en |chapter=Ismail al-Faruqi}}</ref> Udah nya al-Faruqi pindah ngagai Beirut, Lebanon, ke alai iya neruska pelajar iya ba Universiti Amerika Beirut (AUB). Ba AUB, al-Faruqi dikuingka engkebut Arab enggau nasionalis Arab Kristian ke tebilang baka Constantin Zureiq, Nabih Amin Faris enggau Nicola Ziadeh. Kuing tu nyadika kebuah iya ngemeranka penemu Arabisme.<ref name="Badri2014" /> Rampa akademik ba AUB nyengkaum wajib ngulu licha enggau kus indu misi Kristian ti ngelakuka moden Barat, ti ngasuh iya mansang enggau ideologi.<ref name="Badri2014" /> Dalam taun 1942, iya dipadu nyadi pengerijista gerempung koperasi ari baruh perintah Mandat British ba [[Jerusalem]]. Ba taun 1945, iya nyadi gabenor pelilih menua Galili. Berindik ari Perang Arab-Israel 1948, iya belajar ba Universiti Indiana, bulih MA dalam bidang filosofi enggau tesis ti diberi nama ''"The Ethics of Reason and the Ethics of Life (Kantian and Nietzschean Ethics)"'' dalam taun 1949.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Al-Faruqi|first=Isma'il Raji|date=1949|title=The Ethics of Reason and the Ethics of Life (Kantian and Nietzschean Ethics) |trans-title=Etika Kebuah enggau Etika Pengidup (Etika Kantian enggau Nietzsche) |type=Master's thesis|publisher=Indiana University|location=Bloomington|language=en}} </ref> Udah nya, iya nembuka MA kedua dalam bidang filosofi ari [[Universiti Harvard]] dalam taun 1951 lalu bulih Ph.D. enggau tesis ti diberi nama ''"On Justifying the Good"''.<ref name="PhDThesis">{{cite thesis|last=Al-Faruqi|first=Isma'il|title=On Justifying the Good|trans-title=Pasal Ngemetulka Pemanah |type=PhD thesis|date=1952|publisher=Indiana University|location=Bloomington|language=en}} </ref> Dalam kandang maya tu, iya betemu lalu jadi enggau Lois Lamya al-Faruqi. Dalam tesis master iya, al-Faruqi mansik etika Immanuel Kant enggau Friedrich Nietzsche. Pengawa filosofi iya ke dulu suba nyadika pelasar ngagai kritik iya ke dudi ngagai sistem etika Barat enggau pemansang runding etika Islam iya.<ref name="Zebiri35">{{Cite book |last=Zebiri |first=Kate |title=Muslims and Christians Face to Face |trans-title=Muslim enggau Kristian Bertentang Muka |publisher=Oneworld Publications |date=1997 |isbn=1851681337 |location=Oxford |pages=35–37 |language=en}}</ref> Dalam tesis lutur iya, al-Faruqi madahka nilai nya isi ke tetap, udah bisi kediri empu ti dikelala a priori nengah intuisyen gaya asai. Iya bepelasarka teori iya ba chara Max Scheler ngena fenomenologi enggau pansik Nicolai Hartmann dalam etika.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Scheler |first=Max |title=On the Eternal Man |publisher=SCM Press |date=1960 |location=London |translator-last=Bernard Noble}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Scheler |first=Max |title=Man's Place in Nature |publisher=Beacon Press |date=1961 |location=Boston |language=en}}</ref> Pansik iya ngujungka iya nyimpulka nadai pelasar ke mai mayuh agi ti mai ngagai relativisme moral, ngujungka iya beratika baru pesaka Islam iya. Dalam kandang nam taun udah ngentap pendiau di Amerika Serikat, iya nemu diri patut belajarka pengarap Islam enggau silik agi, lalu nya ngujungka iya belajar ba Universiti Al-Azhar Ejip ari taun 1954 ngagai 1958.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Essential Writings: Ismail Al Faruqi |publisher=IBT Books |date=2021 |editor-last=Imtiyaz Yusuf |location=Kuala Lumpur |page=4}}</ref> Lebuh iya ninggalka Amerika Serikat, iya udah ngaga tanya baru pasal tanggung pengawa moral lalu nguji deka ngempung pengawa intelektual iya enggau identiti Islam iya.<ref name="Fletcher2014">{{Cite book |last=Fletcher |first=Charles |title=Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Inter-faith Dialogue and the Work of Ismail Al-Faruqi |trans-title=Penyerakup Muslim-Kristian Dalam Abad Kedua Puluh: Teras Berandau Antara Pengarap enggau Pengawa Isma'il al-Faruqi|date=2014 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |location=United Kingdom |page=34 |language=en}}</ref> === Pengawa akademik === Dalam taun 1958, al-Faruqi nyadi pengajar temuai ba Fakulti Pelajar Pasal Tuhan Universiti McGill. Iya nyeretai Institut Pelajar Islam ketegal dikangau orang ke numbuhka iya, Wilfred Cantwell Smith, ngajar begulai enggau Smith ari taun 1958 ngagai 1961.<ref name="Montreal">{{cite news|title=Islamic scholar slain in U.S. was figure in Montreal|last=Balfour|first=Clair|date=July 31, 1986|work=The Gazette|location=Montreal|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19860731&id=sBUyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=DaYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3896,4415821}} </ref> Dalam timpuh tu, iya belajar pasal teologi Kristian enggau pengarap Judah, lalu bekelala enggau pakar filosofi Pakistan Fazlur Rahman. Fazlur Rahman beratika pengawa al-Faruqi ti nyelam dalam tradisyen tu baruh iring Smith beguna amat, ngaluska penemu banding iya ba pelajar pengarap enggau dialog entara pengarap.<ref name="Rahman1990">{{cite journal|last=Rahman|first=Fazlur|title=Palestine and My Experiences with the Young Faruqi: 1958 to 1963|journal=Journal of Islamic Research|volume=4|issue=4|date=1990|pages=295–300|language=tr|translator=M. Hayri Kırbaşoğlu}}</ref><ref name="Zebiri42">{{Cite book |last=Zebiri |first=Kate |title=Muslims and Christians Face to Face |publisher=Oneworld Publications |date=1997 |isbn=1851681337 |location=Oxford |pages=42–44 |language=en}}</ref> Dalam taun 1961, Fazlur Rahman ngemudahka pengawa nyiri al-Faruqi pengelama dua taun ba Institut Palan Pansik Islam di Karachi, [[Pakistan]], ke alai iya nyadi profesor temuai nyentuk ngagai taun 1963.<ref name="Yusuf2021a">{{Cite book |title=Essential Writings: Ismail Al Faruqi |publisher=IBT Books |date=2021 |editor-last=Imtiyaz Yusuf |location=Kuala Lumpur |page=3 |language=en}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">Imtiyaz Yusuf, ed. (2021). ''Essential Writings: Ismail Al Faruqi''. Kuala Lumpur: IBT Books. p.&nbsp;3.</cite></ref> Fazlur Rahman udah nya mantaika peneleba tu nyadika penalam pemereti ati al-Faruqi pasal penyelai adat dalam pengarap Islam, kuing ti nempa teori iya ke nangkanka nya pasal pengarap banding enggau meta-pengarap.<ref name="Zebiri90">{{Cite book |last=Zebiri |first=Kate |title=Muslims and Christians Face to Face |publisher=Oneworld Publications |date=1997 |isbn=1851681337 |location=Oxford |pages=90 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Siddiqui73">{{Cite book |last=Siddiqui |first=Ataullah |title=Christian-Muslim Dialogue in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Macmillan Press Ltd |date=1997 |isbn=0333673581 |location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire and London |pages=73 |language=en}}</ref> Dalam taun 1964, al-Faruqi pulai ke [[Amerika Serikat]], ke alai iya mangku pengawa nyadi profesor temuai ba Sekula Pelajar Pasal Tuhan Universiti Chicago enggau nyadi profesor bantu ba Universiti Syracuse. Dalam taun 1968, iya nyeretai Universiti Temple nyadi profesor pengarap, ke alai iya numbuhka Program Pelajar Islam lalu mangku pengawa nya nyentukka iya mati dalam taun 1986.<ref name="Yusuf2014">{{cite journal|last=Yusuf|first=Imtiyaz|title=Ismail al-Faruqi's Contribution to the Academic Study of Religion|journal=Islamic Studies|volume=53|issue=1/2|pages=108–110|date=Spring–Summer 2014|publisher=Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad|doi=10.52541/isiri.v53i1-2.181|jstor=44627369|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44627369}}</ref> Sekumbang iya beawa ba Universiti Temple, al-Faruqi udah nyadi mentor ngagai mayuh tarak, nyengkaum tarak lutur keterubah iya, John Esposito.<ref name="Quraishi1986">{{Cite book |last=Quraishi |first=M. Tariq |title=Ismail al-Faruqi: An Enduring Legacy |date=1986 |publisher=MSA Publications |page=9 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="AJISS">{{cite journal|title=Editorial|journal=The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences|volume=28|issue=3|date=2011|pages=ii-xii|language=en}}</ref> === Pemati enggau pengawa ngubur === [[Fail:Faruqi-grave-tombstone.png|thumb| Penanda pendam bekunsi sida sebilik Faruqi.]] Kena bulan Mei 1986, Ismail al-Faruqi enggau bini iya, Lois Lamya al-Faruqi, dibunuh Joseph Louis Young, ke mega dikelala enggau nama Yusuf Ali ba rumah seduai iya di Wyncote, Pennsylvania, Young, ke bisi kaul enggau komuniti Islam ba endur nya sebedau tu, ngaku penyalah nya, diukum mati, lalu mati dalam rumah jil ketegal kebuah semula jadi dalam taun 1996.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/18/us/black-muslim-charges-in-slaying-of-islamic-scholar-and-his-wife.html|title=Black Muslim Charged in Slaying of Islamic Scholar and His Wife |trans-title=Muslim Kelabu Udah Dituluh Nemuai Pengarap enggau Indai Iya |date=January 18, 1987 |website=The New York Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mcall.com/1987/07/08/confession-details-stalking-slaying-of-islamic-scholars/|title=Confession Details Stalking, Slaying Of Islamic Scholars|last=O'Bryan|first=Ruth|date=July 8, 1987|website=The Morning Call|access-date=May 13, 2018|archive-date=July 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702011159/http://articles.mcall.com/1987-07-08/news/2595065_1_confession-young-knife|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pointdebasculecanada.ca/inside-the-capitol-joseph-louis-young-dies-of-natural-causes-on-death-row/|title=Inside the Capitol (Joseph Louis Young dies of natural causes on death row) |trans-title=Dalam Capitol (Joseph Louis Young Nyengai Pemati Asal di Rumah Ngurak Pemati) |last=Bell |first=Adam |date=March 11, 1996 |website=The Patriot News |language=en}}</ref> Anak indu seduai iya, Anmar el-Zein, ke benung ngandung maya nya, likun ari mayuh bakal kena timbak lalu begunaka perubat ke chukup.<ref name="PhillyInquirer">{{Cite news |title=Statement Is Said to Back Religious-Attack Theory |trans-title=Penyatanyan Udah Dibentuka Nukung Pandu Pindah Pengarap |first1=S. A. |last1=Paolantonio |first2=Paul |last2=Duggan |newspaper=Philadelphia Inquirer |date=1987-01-18 |page=A.8 |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1831221807 |language=en}}</ref> Lebuh aum besai ba Universiti Islam Entarabansa Malaysia dalam taun 2008, Anis Ahmad bekunsi madahka al-Faruqi kala madahka ngagai iya pasal dua iti peminta apai iya: ngambika iya tau nyadi ulama ti besai lalu mati nyadi ''ketegal pengarap iya'' (syahid). Al-Faruqi diripotka bisi berunding, "Diatu aku udah nyadi ulama, tang baka ni aku tau mati syahid di AS?" Malik Badri berunding madahka, "Allah Ta’ala nerima kededua sampi nya."<ref name="Badri2014" /> ==Filosofi enggau penemu== ===Penemu awal: Arabisme=== Runding pengarap al-Faruqi keterubah iya nuju ngagai ''‘urubah'' (Arabisme). Iya madahka ''‘urubah'' nya paung identiti ke nyambungka semua Muslim ngagai siti komuniti pengarap (''ummah'') sereta ngumbai jaku Arab penting dalam penemu pengajar Islam, laban iya nya jaku al-Quran. Penemu awal iya nguing ngagai ''‘urubah'' sereta penyerakup Muslim, tang lebuh datai, iya nemu identiti Islam ke besai agi, enda nuju mina penemu Arab aja.<ref name="Mukhetdinov2018">{{cite journal |last=Mukhetdinov |first=D. V. |title=Философия Исмаила Раджи Ал-Фаруки: В Поисках Неомодернизма |trans-title=Filosofi Ismail Raji al-Faruqi: Dalam Nemu Neomodernisme |journal=Islam dalam Dunya Moden |volume=2 |date=2018 |pages=165–182 |doi=10.22311/2074-1529-2018-14-2-165-182 |language=ru|doi-access=free}}</ref> Al-Faruqi madahka ''‘urubah'' ngundan unsur linguistik enggau pengarap, nganjung Islam enggau monoteisme baka pemeri Arabisme ngagai umat manusia. Iya nemu ke penyemerai tamadun Islam ngelantang pengaruh Arab baka pengelantang budaya penyerakup pengarap Muslim di serata dunya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al-Faruqi |first=Isma'il R. |title='Urubah and Religion: An Analysis of the Dominant Ideas of Arabism and of Islam as Its Highest Moment of Consciousness |trans-title='Urubah enggau Pengarap: Ngira Penemu Pengawa Indu Arabisme enggau Islam baka Puncak Pengemeli Ati Pengarap Iya |series=On Arabism |volume=1 |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Djambatan |date=1962 |language=en}}</ref> Penemu Arabisme al-Faruqi ngelantang lebih daripada nasionalisme, iya nyadi jembatan ideologi ke nyambung baka pengarap dalam Islam.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Siddiqui |first=Ataullah |title=Christian-Muslim Dialogue in the Twentieth Century |trans-title=Dialog Kristian-Muslim dalam Abad Kedua Puluh |date=1997 |publisher=Macmillan Press Ltd |location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire and London |isbn=0333673581 |pages=85 |language=en}}</ref> Paung keterubah dalam penemu al-Faruqi nya ''tawhid'' (monoteisme) nya ke iya meda baka elemen penting dalam penyedar Arabisme. Iya meda ke akar monoteistik ti dibagi Islam, Kristian, serta pengarap Judah nyemerai pemeri Arabisme sebagai penemu ngagai pengarap dunya, ngelaban pengelantang kontemporari ti nganjung penyerara serta nasionalisme.<ref name="Bakar">{{cite book |last=Bakar |first=Osman |title=The Intellectual Impact of American Muslim Scholars on the Muslim World, with Special Reference to Southeast Asia |trans-title=Kesan Pengarap Muslim Amerika ngagai Dunya Islam, Nyentuk Dunya Asia Tenggara |editor-last=Strum |editor-first=Philippa |date=2005 |publisher=Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars |isbn=1-933549-98-X |pages=96–97 |language=en}}</ref> Al-Faruqi terus meda ke pengankat Islam perlu nganjung jaku Arab serta budaya Arab, ngelantang iya baka elemen penyerakup ngagai pengarap Muslim di seluruh dunya, ngelampauka mayuh macham kandang menua.<ref name="Siddiqui80">{{Cite book |last=Siddiqui |first=Ataullah |title=Christian-Muslim Dialogue in the Twentieth Century |trans-title=Dialog Kristian-Muslim dalam Abad Kedua Puluh |date=1997 |publisher=Macmillan Press Ltd |location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire and London |isbn=0333673581 |pages=80 |language=en}}</ref> Taja al-Faruqi madahka pengawa besai ngagai ''‘urubah'', banyak pengarap nemu kritik ngagai penemu iya, madahka iya kelalu mentingka diri, laban nya berisiko memarginalka Muslim ti ukai ari bansa Arab. Sekeda nemu ke pemadah iya ke jaku Arab semina engkeman ngagai pengarap Islam nya ngelalaika pemeri intelektual ti kaya ari Muslim ti ukai ari bansa Arab dalam sejarah. Kritik tu, kelebih agi ari orang Muslim ti bukai ari bansa Arab, nganjung pengirau ke penemu tumu iya lebih nganjung budaya Arab sereta Islam aja. <ref name="Chejne">{{cite journal | last = Chejne | first = Anwar G. | date = Summer 1963 | title = Review of ''On Arabism, 'Urubah and Religion: A Study of the Fundamental Ideas of Arabism and Islam at Its Highest Moment of Consciousness'', by Isma'il Ragi A. al-Faruqi |trans-title=Semakan Arabisme, 'Urubah enggau Agama: Kajian Penemu Asas Arabisme enggau Islam dalam Kepegai Nyata Pengidup, dikarang Isma'il Ragi A. al-Faruqi | journal = Middle East Journal | volume = 17 | issue = 3 | pages = 330–331 | publisher = Middle East Institute | jstor = 4323622 | url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/4323622 | access-date = 23 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Lebuh al-Faruqi nemu budaya Islam ti bisi rupa ngagai Pakistan, iya berengkah nemu ke pengawa tu ngelantang pengaruh ngagai pandang iya, lalu belubah iya ngalih ari pandang ke nyempit Arab aja.<ref name="Fletcher2015">{{cite book |last=Fletcher |first=Charles D. |title=Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Interfaith Dialogue and the Work of Isma'il al-Faruqi |trans-title=Penyerakup Muslim-Kristian Dalam Abad Kedua Puluh: Teras Berandau Antara Pengarap enggau Pengawa Isma'il al-Faruqi |location=London |publisher=I.B. Tauris |date=2015 |pages=35–37}}</ref> Iya betemu masyarakat Muslim ti mayuh gaya lalu sedar identiti Muslim ti besai agi, ke nampung ngagai lebih ari jaku atau etnik, sereta nganjung konsep rohani universal. Makin sari, penemu iya ke besai tu mayuh nguing penyerakup Islam, nganjung ke nilai rohani serta etika ke dikunsi. Nya ke pengawa tu madahka pengarap al-Faruqi ngagai tamadun Islam transnasional, ke nganjung penyerakup ngagai mayuh macham adan linguistik sereta budaya.<ref name="Mukhetdinov2018" /><ref>{{cite journal |last=Sonn |first=Tamara |title=Arab Americans in Education: Cultural Ambassadors? |trans-title=Arab Amerika dalam Pengidik: Duta Budaya? |journal=Arab Studies Quarterly |volume=11 |issue=2/3 |date=1989 |pages=127–139 |publisher=Pluto Journals |jstor=41859061 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41859061}}</ref> ===Pengalih ngagai Islamisme=== Pandang Ismail al-Faruqi berubah besai udah iya pindah ngagai [[Amerika Serikat]]. Iya nyeretai Gerempung Tarak Islam (MSA) ba Universiti Temple. Dia, iya betemu enggau tarak Islam ti datai ari bemacham bansa. Penteba tu ngasuh iya nimbang baru penemu iya pasal Arabisme. Iya mansa ngagai identiti Islam ti besai agi, enda mina nasionalisme Arab. Malik Badri nerangkaka ubah tu. Iya madahka, “Keterubah kali dalam pengidup iya, al-Faruqi betemu enggau raban tarak biak ti ngerusakka konsep Arabisme iya. Iya patut nerima Islam baka kuasa ti nyatu ummah – laban Arab mina minoriti mit dalam nya.”<ref name="Badri2014" /> Al-Faruqi empu madahka pengalih tu. Iya madah, “Nyentuk ke beberapa bulan ti udah, aku siku Palestin, siku Arab, enggau siku Muslim. Diatu aku siku Muslim ti ba awak ke sama siku Arab ari Palestin.”<ref name="BaYunus">{{cite journal |last=Ba-Yunus |first=Ilyas |title=Al Faruqi and Beyond: Future Directions in Islamization of Knowledge |journal=The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences |volume=5 |issue=1 |date=1988 |page=14}}</ref> Iya mega madah, “Aku nanya diri: Sapa aku? Siku orang Palestin, siku perunding, siku humanis liberal? Saut aku: Aku siku Muslim.”<ref name="Quraishi1986" /> Dalam taun-taun kepenudi iya, al-Faruqi meratka penting undang-undang Islam. Undang-undang tu baka rangka ngaga adat etika enggau sosial. Iya nerangkaka ukum, baka ukum ngagai penchuri enggau zina, baka pencegah. Ukum tu deka ngajar disiplin enggau nyeliahka penurun sosial. Al-Faruqi meda undang-undang tu baka bagi ari kenanas ke besai. Kenanas tu bepelesarka pelajar, deka ngajar ulah etika enggau ngaga gerempung ti lurus.<ref>{{cite news |last=Arnold |first=David |title=Education only hope, says Islamic scholar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CvlVAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA58ARTICLE_ID=5087,2949544 |newspaper=The Register-Guard |date=March 22, 1981 |access-date=December 9, 2024}}</ref> Dalam pansik iya pasal pengawa pengarap Islam ba [[Amerika Utara]], al-Faruqi mega meratka pemeri enggau pemar Orang Islam Afrika. Ari genturung pendiau keterubah sampai kuing Elijah Muhammad enggau [[Malcolm X]], iya nerangkaka engkebut pengarap Islam ba gerempung Afrika Amerika. Penemu iya pasal paung etika pengarap Islam, konsep ummah, enggau tanggungpengawa migran Islam udah nyukung penteba orang Islam ba Amerika Utara.<ref name="IslamicIdeals">{{cite book |last1=al-Faruqi |first1=Ismail R. |chapter=Islamic Ideals in North America |editor1-last=Waugh |editor1-first=Earle H. |editor2-last=Abu-Laban |editor2-first=Baha |editor3-last=Qureshi |editor3-first=Regula B. |title=The Muslim Community in North America |date=1983 |publisher=University of Alberta Press |location=Edmonton, Alberta |isbn=088864034X |oclc=243596066 |pages=260–270 |language=en}}</ref> Ubah tu mega nempa chara iya ba runding entara pengarap. Al-Faruqi perchaya identiti pengarap Islam ti sebaka penting. Identiti tu deka ngasuh runding ti mai reti enggau gerempung ukai Islam. Penyeretai iya ba MSA enggau pegari ngagai latar Muslim ti mayuh macham ba Amerika Serikat ngeringka komitmen iya. Iya komit ngagai identiti pengarap Islam ti besai enggau inklusif, lebih ari penemu Arab-sentrik iya ti kelia.<ref name="Fletcher2015"/> == Penyanding == {{Reflist|30em}} == Bibliografi == === Tesis pemansik === * {{cite thesis |date=1949 |title=The Ethics of Reason and the Ethics of Life (Kantian and Nietzschean Ethics) |trans-title=Etika Kebuah enggau Etika Pengidup (Etika Kantian enggau Nietzsche) |type=Tesis Sarjana |publisher=Indiana University |location=Bloomington}} * {{cite thesis |date=1952 |title=On Justifying the Good |trans-title=Pasal Ngemetulka Pemanah |type=Tesis Kedoktoran |publisher=Indiana University |location=Bloomington}} === Bup === ==== Dalam Jaku Inggeris ==== * {{cite book |date=1962 |title='Urubah and Religion: An Analysis of the Dominant Ideas of Arabism and of Islam as Its Highest Moment of Consciousness |trans-title='Urubah enggau Pengarap: Ngira Penemu Pengawa Indu Arabisme enggau Islam baka Puncak Pengemeli Ati Pengarap Iya |volume=1 |series=On Arabism |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Djambatan}} * {{cite book |date=1968 |title=Christian Ethics: A Systematic and Historical Analysis of Its Dominant Ideas |trans-title=Etika Kristian: Penemu Ngemansik enggau Jerita Penemu Ke Berpengaruh Besai |location=Montreal enggau Amsterdam |publisher=McGill University Press enggau Djambatan}} * {{cite book |date=1969 |title=The Great Asian Religions |trans-title=Pengarap Besai Asia |location=New York |publisher=Macmillan |author1=W.T. Chan |author2=P.T. Raju |author3=J. Kitagawa}} * {{cite book |date=1975 |title=Historical Atlas of the Religions of the World |trans-title=Pedalai Ngujai Pemansang Pengarap ba Menua |location=New York |publisher=Macmillan}} * {{cite book |date=1980 |title=Islam and Culture |trans-title=Islam enggau Budaya |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=ABIM}} * {{cite book |date=1980 |title=Islam and the Problem of Israel |trans-title=Islam enggau Penyengat Israel |location=London |publisher=The Islamic Council of Europe |isbn=983954134X}} * {{cite book |date=1981 |title=Social and Natural Sciences |trans-title=Pengarap Sosial enggau Penemu Asai |editor1=A. O. Naseef |location=Sevenoaks, UK enggau Jeddah |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton enggau King Abdulaziz University}} * {{cite book |date=1981 |title=The Hijrah: The Necessity of Its Iqamat or Vergegenwartigung |trans-title=Hijrah: Petuai Pengawa enggau Pampai Nyata |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=ABIM}} * {{cite book |date=1982 |title=Essays in Islamic and Comparative Studies |trans-title=Karangan Ngenang Pengarap Islam enggau Pengarap Banding |location=Herndon, VA |publisher=IIIT}} * {{cite book |date=1982 |title=Islamic Thought and Culture |trans-title=Pengarap enggau Adat Islam |location=Herndon, VA |publisher=IIIT}} * {{cite book |date=1982 |title=Trialogue of the Abrahamic Faiths |trans-title=Ngelak Tusut Tiga Pengarap Ibrahim |location=Herndon, VA |publisher=IIIT |isbn=0915957256}} * {{cite book |date=1982 |title=Islamization of Knowledge: General Principles and Work Plan |trans-title=Islamisasi Penemu: Empas Indu enggau Pelan Pengawa |location=Herndon, VA |publisher=IIIT}} * {{cite book |date=1982 |title=Al-Tawhid: Its Implications For Thought And Life |trans-title=Al-Tawhid: Kesan Ngagai Penemu enggau Pengidup |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=IIIT}} * {{cite book |date=1983 |title=Divine Transcendence and Its Expression |trans-title=Ketunggalan Tuhan enggau Pengelantang Nyadi |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=ABIM}} * {{cite book |date=1985 |title=Islam |trans-title=Islam |location=Beltsville, MD |publisher=Amana Publications}} * {{cite book |date=1986 |title=Toward Islamic English |trans-title=Nuju ngagai Jaku Inggeris Islam |location=Herndon, VA |publisher=IIIT}} * {{cite book |date=1986 |title=The Cultural Atlas of Islam |trans-title=Pedalai Adat Pengarap Islam |location=New York |publisher=Macmillan}} ==== Dalam Jaku Arab ==== * {{cite book |date=1964 |title=أصول الصهيونية في الدين اليهودي (Usul al Sahyuniyah fi al Din al Yahudi) |trans-title=Pemasal Pengarap Zionis di Tengak Pengarap Judah |location=Kaherah |publisher=Institute of Higher Arabic Studies}} * {{cite book |date=1968 |title=الملل المعاصرة في الدين اليهودي (Al Milal al Mu'asirah fi al Din al Yahudi) |trans-title=Gerempung Pengarap Indu Judah Besai |location=Kaherah |publisher=Institute of Higher Arabic Studies}} === Dalam pemansut === * {{cite book |title=An Anthology of Readings on Tawhid |trans-title=Antologi Pembacaan tentang Tawhid |location=Kuwait |publisher=IIFSO}} * {{cite book |title=Training Program for Islamic Youth |trans-title=Program Latihan ngagai Belia Islam |location=Kuwait |publisher=IIFSO}} * {{cite book |title=The Life of Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab |trans-title=Pengidup Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab |location=Riyadh |publisher=Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi}} === Teks disalin === * {{cite book |date=1953 |title=From Here We Start |trans-title=Ari Sini Kami Berengkah |author=K.M. Khalid |translator=Ismail Raji al-Faruqi |location=Washington, DC |publisher=American Council of Learned Societies}} * {{cite book |date=1953 |title=Our Beginning in Wisdom |trans-title=Penyulai Kami ngagai Pengarap |author=M. al Ghazali |translator=Ismail Raji al-Faruqi |location=Washington, DC |publisher=American Council of Learned Societies}} * {{cite book |date=1953 |title=The Policy of Tomorrow |trans-title=Penerima Tinduk Hari Datai |author=M. B. Ghali |translator=Ismail Raji al-Faruqi |location=Washington, DC |publisher=American Council of Learned Societies}} * {{cite book |last1=Haykal |first1=Muḥammad Ḥusayn |title=The Life of [[Muhammad]] |trans-title=Pengidup [[Muhammad]] |date=1976 |publisher=North American Trust Publications |location=Indianapolis |isbn=9780892590025 |translator=Ismail Raji al-Faruqi}} * {{cite book |author=Shaykh Muhammad ibn 'Abd al Wahhab |date=1979 |title=Sourceworks of Islamic Thought: Three Essays on Tawhid |trans-title=Pemansang Pengarap Islam: Telu Ngelak Pasal Tawhid |translator=Ismail Raji al-Faruqi |location=Indianapolis |publisher=North American Trust Publications}} === Pengawa pengudah pemati === * {{cite book |title=Islam and Other Faiths |trans-title=Islam enggau Pengarap Bukai |editor=Ataullah Siddiqui |date=2007 |publisher=Islamic Foundation |isbn=9780860372769 |language=en }} * {{cite book |date=2012 |title=Islam: Religion, Practice, Culture & World Order |trans-title=Islam: Pengarap, Pengawa, Adat enggau Pengawa Menua |location=London |publisher=IIIT |editor=Imtiyaz Yusuf |isbn=9781565645875 |language=en}} * {{cite book |editor=International Institute of Islamic Thought |title=Isma'il Al Faruqi: Selected Essays |trans-title=Isma'il Al Faruqi: Tusut Pilih |date=2018 |publisher=IIIT |location=London, Washington |isbn=9781565645981 |language=en}} * {{cite book |date=2021 |title=Essential Writings: Ismail Al Faruqi |trans-title=Penyurat Pengawa Besai: Ismail Al Faruqi |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=IBT Books |url=https://www.contemporaryislam.org/alfaruqibook.html |editor=Imtiyaz Yusuf |isbn=9789670526928 |language=en}} === Artikel === * {{cite journal |title=On the Ethics of the Brethren of Purity and Friends of Fidelity (''Ikhwan al Safa wa Khillan al Wafa'') |trans-title=Pasal Etika Sekeda Kesucian enggau Kaban Pemansang (''Ikhwan al Safa wa Khillan al Wafa'') |journal=The Muslim World |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=109–121}}, {{cite journal |title=On the Ethics of the Brethren of Purity and Friends of Fidelity (''Ikhwan al Safa wa Khillan al Wafa'') |trans-title=Pasal Etika Sekeda Kesucian enggau Kaban Pemansang (''Ikhwan al Safa wa Khillan al Wafa'') |journal=The Muslim World |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=252–258}}, {{cite journal |title=On the Ethics of the Brethren of Purity and Friends of Fidelity (''Ikhwan al Safa wa Khillan al Wafa'') |trans-title=Pasal Etika Sekeda Kesucian enggau Kaban Pemansang (''Ikhwan al Safa wa Khillan al Wafa'') |journal=The Muslim World |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=18–24}} * {{cite journal |title=Towards a Historiography of Pre-Hijrah Islam |trans-title=Ngagai Pengawa Sejarah Islam Sebelum Hijrah |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=1 |issue=2 |date=1962 |pages=65–87 |jstor=20832632 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20832632 |access-date=20 December 2023 |last1=Al-Faruqi |first1=Isma'il R. }} * {{cite journal |title=Towards a New Methodology for Qur'ānic Exegesis |trans-title=Nuju ngagai Chara Baru ngagai Pengelik al-Quran |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=1 |issue=1 |date=1962 |pages=35–52 |jstor=20832619 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20832619 |access-date=20 December 2023 |last1=Al-Fārūqī |first1=Ismā'il Rāgī}}, {{cite journal |title=Towards a New Methodology for Qur'ānic Exegesis |trans-title=Nuju ngagai Chara Baru ngagai Pengelik al-Quran |journal=Muslim Life |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=January–March 1964 |pages=4–18}} * {{cite journal |title=On the Significance of Reinhold Niebuhr's Ideas of Society |trans-title=Ngenang Kapentingka Penemu Reinhold Niebuhr ngagai Masyarakat |journal=Canadian Journal of Theology |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=99–107}}, {{cite journal |title=On the Significance of Reinhold Niebuhr's Ideas of Society |trans-title=Ngenang Kapentingka Penemu Reinhold Niebuhr ngagai Masyarakat |journal=Muslim Life |volume=11 |issue=3 |date=Summer 1964 |pages=5–14}} * {{cite journal |title=A Comparison of the Islamic and Christian Approaches to Hebrew Scripture |trans-title=Pansik Bedau Antara Pengadang Islam enggau Kristian ngagai Kitab Ibrani |journal=Journal of Bible and Religions |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=283–293}} * {{cite journal |title=محاضرات في تاريخ الأديان (Muhadarat fi Tarikh al Adyan) |trans-title=Ngepan Pengajar ngagai Jerita Pemansang Pengarap |journal=Bulletin of the Faculty of Arts |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=65–74 |date=May 1959 |publisher=Cairo University Press |language=ar}} * {{cite journal |title=Pasal Manah Pengemansang Ummah |trans-title=Tentang Sebab Pengidup Ummah |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=159–203}} * {{cite journal |title=Nazariyat Islami Dawlat |trans-title=Teori Pengawa Islam Ngagai Menua |language=Urdu |journal=Chiragh-i-Rah |issue=Nazariyat Pakistan Number |date=December 1960 |pages=383–389}}, {{cite journal |title=The Nature of the Islamic State |trans-title=Penyadi Menua Islam |journal=The Voice of Islam |volume=9 |issue=4 |date=January 1961 |pages=169–177}} * {{cite journal |title=History of Religions: Its Nature and Significance for Christian Education and the Muslim-Christian Dialogue |trans-title=Sejarah Pengarap: Penyadi enggau Penting iya ngagai Pengidik Kristian enggau Dialog Islam-Kristian |journal=Numen: International Review for the History of Religions |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=81–86}}, {{cite journal |author=Professor Bernard E. Meland |title=In Response to Dr. Faruqi |trans-title=Serangka Menyaut Dr. Faruqi |journal=Numen |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=87–95}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Nazzam |trans-title=Al Nazzam |journal=Encyclopedia Britannica |volume=11}} * {{cite journal |title=Pakistan and the Islamic Imperative |trans-title=Pakistan enggau Pengawa Wajib Islam |journal=Islamic Literature |issue=1 |date=1966 |pages=1–10}} * {{cite journal |title=The Self in Mu'tazilah Thought |trans-title=Diri dalam Pengarap Mu'tazilah |journal=International Philosophical Quarterly |volume=101 |issue=3 |date=September 1966 |pages=366–388}}, {{cite journal |editor1=P.T. Raju |editor2=Albury Castell |title=The Self in Mu'tazilah Thought |trans-title=Diri Dalam Penemu Mu'tazilah |journal=East-West Studies on the Problem of the Self |publisher=M. Nijhoff |date=1968 |pages=87–107}} * {{cite journal |title=Science and Traditional Values in Islamic Society |trans-title=Penyelidi enggau Petung Urai Asal Dalam Masyarakat Islam |journal=Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science |volume=11 |issue=3 |date=September 1967 |pages=231–246}}, {{cite journal |editor=W. Morehouse |title=Science and Traditional Values in Islamic Society |trans-title=Sains enggau Nilai Tradisional dalam Masyarakat Islam |journal=Science and the Human Condition in India and Pakistan |publisher=The Rockefeller University Press |date=1968}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and Christianity: Prospects for Dialogue |trans-title=Islam enggau Kristian: Peluang ngagai Dialog |journal=The Sacred Heart Messenger |date=September 1967 |pages=29–33}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and Christianity: Diatribe or Dialogue |trans-title=Islam enggau Kristian: Kaul Nyamai atau Dialog |journal=Journal of Ecumenical Studies |volume=5 |issue=1 |date=1968 |pages=45–77}} * {{cite journal |editor=James P. Cotter |title=Islam and Christianity: Problems and Perspectives |trans-title=Islam enggau Kristian: Masalah enggau Pandangan |journal=The Word in the Third World |publisher=Corpus Books |location=Washington–Cleveland |date=1976 |pages=159–181}} * {{cite journal |title=The Problem of the Metaphysical Status of Values in the Western and Islamic Traditions |trans-title=Pengemasal Pengiring Mutlak Nilai dalam Adat Barat enggau Adat Islam |journal=Studia Islamica |volume=28 |pages=29–62}} * {{cite journal |title=The Ideal Social Order in the Arab World, 1800–1968 |trans-title=Pengatur Masyarakat Ngenap di Dunia Arab, 1800–1968 |journal=Journal of Church and State |volume=11 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1969 |pages=239–251 |doi=10.1093/jcs/11.2.239 |last1=Al Faruqi |first1=I. R. }} * {{cite journal |title=Forward: Six Basic Economic Principles in Islam |trans-title=Pendiau: Enam Teras Pemansang Ekonomi Dalam Islam |journal=Proceedings of the Third East Coast Regional Conference |location=Gary, IN |publisher=Muslim Students’ Association |date=1968 |pages=1–8}} * {{cite journal |title=The Challenge of Western Ideas for Islam |trans-title=Pengerubut Pemansang Barat Ngagai Islam |journal=Islamic Literature |date=September 1969 |pages=1–6}} * {{cite journal |title=Misconceptions of the Nature of the Work of Art in Islam |trans-title=Penyalah Pengereti Penyadi Pengawa Seni Dalam Islam |journal=Islam and the Modern Age |volume=1 |issue=1 |date=May 1970 |pages=29–44}}, {{cite journal |title=On the Nature of the Work of Art in Islam |trans-title=Pasal Penyadi Pengawa Seni Dalam Islam |journal=Islam and the Modern Age |volume=1 |issue=2 |date=August 1970 |pages=68–81}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and Art |trans-title=Islam enggau Seni |journal=Studia Islamica |volume=37 |pages=81–109 |date=1973}} * {{cite journal |title=Introduction |trans-title=Pengenalan |journal=Proceedings of the Third National Seminar of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists |location=Gary, IN |publisher=Association of Muslim Social Scientists |date=1974 |pages=v–ix}} * {{cite journal |title=The Essence of Religious Experience in Islam |trans-title=Penyadi Pengalam Pengarap Dalam Islam |journal=Numen |date=1973 |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=186–201 |doi=10.1163/156852773X00367 |last1=Al Faruqi |first1=Isma'il R. }} * {{cite journal |title=Internal Dynamics of the Muslim Community |trans-title=Pengelumun Di Baka Gerempung Pengarap Muslim |journal=Al-Ittihad |volume=12 |issue=3 |date=Summer 1975 |pages=2–7}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Asas al Mushtarak bayna al Islam wa al Masihiyah |trans-title=Asas Bersama Antara Islam enggau Kristian |journal=Al 'Ilm Wa al Imam |issue=6 |date=1396–1976 |pages=64–87}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Muslimun fi Amrika |trans-title=Muslim di Amerika |journal=Majallah al Buhuth al Islamiyah |volume=1 |issue=2 |date=1976 |pages=590–593}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam wa al Muslimun fi Amrika |trans-title=Islam enggau Muslim di Amerika |journal=Al Shabab al 'Arabi |date=November 1, 1976 |pages=3}}, {{cite journal |title=Islam wa al Muslimun fi Amrika |trans-title=Islam enggau Muslim di Amerika |journal=Al Shabab al 'Arabi |date=November 8, 1976 |pages=34}}, {{cite journal |title=Islam wa al Muslimun fi Amrika |trans-title=Islam enggau Muslim di Amerika |journal=Al Shabab al 'Arabi |date=November 15, 1976 |pages=34}}, {{cite journal |title=Islam wa al Muslimun fi Amrika |trans-title=Islam enggau Muslim di Amerika |journal=Al Shabab al 'Arabi |date=November 22, 1976 |pages=11}} * {{cite journal |title=The Muslim-Christian Dialogue: A Constructionist View |trans-title=Dialog Muslim-Kristian: Pandangan Konstruksionis |journal=Islam and the Modern Age |volume=8 |issue=1 |date=February 1977 |pages=5–36}} * {{cite journal |title=Adapting the Qur'an! |trans-title=Menyesuaikan al-Quran! |journal=Impact International |volume=7 |issue=4 |date=February–March 1977 |pages=10–11}} * {{cite journal |title=Moral Values in Medicine and Science |trans-title=Nilai Moral dalam Perubatan enggau Sains |journal=Biosciences Communications |volume=3 |issue=1 |date=1977}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Ijtihad wa al Ijma' ka Tarafay al Dinamikiyah fi al Islam |trans-title=Ijtihad enggau Ijma' sebagai Dua Dinamika dalam Islam |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |issue=9 |date=March 1977 |pages=5–18}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and the Social Sciences |trans-title=Islam enggau Sains Sosial |journal=Al-Ittihad |volume=14 |issue=1–2 |date=January–April 1977 |pages=38–40}} * {{cite journal |title=Ab'ad al Ibadat fi al Islam |trans-title=Dimensi Ibadat dalam Islam |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |issue=10 |pages=25–38 |date=1977}} * {{cite journal |title=Central Asia Report: Muslims Survive |trans-title=Laporan Asia Tengah: Muslim Tetap Berpengidup |journal=Impact International |date=October 1977 |pages=14–15}} * {{cite journal |editor=Altaf Gauhar |title=Islam and Other Faiths |trans-title=Islam enggau Pengarap Bukai |journal=The Challenge of Islam |publisher=Islamic Council of Europe |date=1978 |pages=82–111}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and Architecture |trans-title=Islam enggau Seni Bina |journal=The Muslim Scientist |volume=7 |issue=1–2 |date=March–June 1978 |pages=14–22}} * {{cite journal |title=Our Moral Dilemma |trans-title=Dilema Moral Kita |journal=The Voice of Islam |volume=8 |issue=5 |date=February 1978 |pages=9–11}} * {{cite journal |title=Uber das Wesen der Islamischen Da'wa |trans-title=Tentang Sifat Dakwah Islam |journal=Al-lslam |issue=2/77 |pages=2–8}} * {{cite journal |title=Nahnu wa al Gharb (We and the West) |trans-title=Kita enggau Barat |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |issue=11 |date=July 1977 |pages=21–35}} * {{cite web |title=On The Nature of Islamic Da'wah |trans-title=Tentang Sifat Dakwah Islam |date=March 10, 2010 |url=https://ismailfaruqi.com/articles/on-the-nature-of-islamic-dawah |access-date=June 21, 2024 |archive-date=June 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621073238/https://ismailfaruqi.com/articles/on-the-nature-of-islamic-dawah/ |url-status=dead }} * {{cite journal |title=Commentaries on Christian Missions in the Muslim World |trans-title=Ulasan ngagai Misi Kristian dalam Dunia Muslim |journal=International Review of Mission |volume=65 |issue=260 |date=October 1976 |pages=391–400; 385–460}} * {{cite journal |title=On the Metaphysics of Ethics in Islam |trans-title=Tentang Metafizik Etika dalam Islam |journal=Listening: Journal of Culture and Religion |volume=14 |issue=1 |date=Winter 1979 |pages=25–43}} * {{cite journal |title=Is the Muslim Definable in Terms of His Economic Pursuits? |trans-title=Muslim Dikemaka melalui Pengidup Ekonomi Iya? |journal=Islamic Perspectives: Essays in Honor of A. A. Mawdudi |editor=Khurshid Ahmad and Z. Ansari |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |date=1979 |pages=183–193}} * {{cite journal |title=Divine Transcendence: Its Expression in Christianity and Islam |trans-title=Ketunggalan Tuhan: Pengelantang Nyadi dalam Kristian enggau Islam |journal=World Faiths |volume=107 |date=Spring 1979 |pages=11–19}} * {{cite journal |title=Islamic Renaissance in Contemporary Society |trans-title=Kebangkitan Semula Islam dalam Masyarakat Kontemporari |journal=Al Ittihad |volume=15 |issue=4 |date=October 1978 |pages=15–23}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Mar'ah al Muslimah |trans-title=Indu Muslim |journal=Al Islam |volume=23 |issue=1–2 |pages=84–90 |date=1979 |quote=Muharram–Safar 1399}} * {{cite journal |title=Islamizing the Social Sciences |trans-title=Pengislaman Sains Sosial |journal=Studies in Islam |volume=16 |issue=2 |date=April 1979 |pages=108–121}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and the Tehran Hostages |trans-title=Islam enggau Tawan Tehran |journal=The Wall Street Journal |date=November 28, 1979 |pages=24}} * {{cite journal |title=Rights of Non-Muslims under Islam: Social and Cultural Aspects |trans-title=Hak Bukan Muslim dalam Islam: Aspek Sosial enggau Budaya |journal=Journal of the Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs |volume=1 |issue=1 |date=Summer 1979 |pages=90–102 |doi=10.1080/02666957908715785 |last1=Al-Faruqi |first1=Ismail }} * {{cite journal |title=Controversy over the Moon |trans-title=Kontroversi Tentang Bulan |journal=Voice of Islam |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=March 1980 |pages=3–5}} * {{cite journal |title=Siyaghah al 'Ulum al Ijtima'iyah Siyaghah Islamiyah |trans-title=Pengislaman Sains Sosial |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=20 |date=October–December 1979 |pages=25–41}} * {{cite journal |editor=Islamic Council of Europe |title=The Islamic Faith |trans-title=Kepercayaan Islam |journal=Jerusalem: The Key to World Peace |publisher=Longman |date=1980 |pages=77–105}} * {{cite journal |title=Stream of Ideas Flows into Social Sciences |trans-title=Aliran Penemu Ngemansang Sains Sosial |journal=The Times Educational Supplement |location=London |date=September 5, 1980 |pages=39}} * {{cite journal |editor=Warren Lewis |title=The Role of Islam in Global Interreligious Dependence |trans-title=Peranan Islam dalam Pergantungan Agama Global |journal=Towards a Global Congress of the World's Religions |location=Barrytown, NY |publisher=Unification Theological Seminary |pages=19–38}} * {{cite journal |title=Humanitarian and Egalitarian Aspects of Islamic Law |trans-title=Aspek Kemanusiaan enggau Keadilan Hukum Islam |journal=Arab Perspectives |volume=1 |issue=6 |date=September 1980 |pages=6–10}} * {{cite journal |title=Islamic Ideals in North America |trans-title=Idealisme Islam di Amerika Utara |journal=SIM News Bulletin |volume=4 |issue=2–3 |pages=23–26 |date=February 1981}}, {{cite journal |title=Islamic Ideals in North America |trans-title=Idealisme Islam di Amerika Utara |journal=SIM News Bulletin |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=9–14}} * {{cite journal |title=Umat Islam — Cabaran-cabaran Pemikiran Kini |trans-title=Umat Islam — Cabaran Pengarap Kin |journal=Diskusi |volume=5 |issue=12 |date=December 1980 |pages=2–5}} * {{cite journal |title=Universiti Negara Membangun — Kearah Mana? |trans-title=Universiti Negara Berkembang — Ngagai Mana? |journal=Panji Masyarakat |location=Malaysia |date=December 1980 |pages=5–9}} * {{cite journal |title=The Living Reality of Faith |trans-title=Kenyataan Pengidup Kepercayaan |journal=Today's World |volume=1 |issue=4 |location=New York, USA |publisher=Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity (HSA-UWC) |date=December 1980}} * {{cite journal |title=I'adah al Bina' al Islami wa al Sultah al Siyasiyah |trans-title=Pembangunan Semula Islam enggau Kuasa Politik |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=5 |issue=22 |date=April–June 1980 |pages=37–71}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Tawhid wa al Fann |trans-title=Tawhid enggau Seni |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=5 |issue=23 |pages=159–180 |date=July–September 1980}}, {{cite journal |title=Al Tawhid wa al Fann |trans-title=Tawhid enggau Seni |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=5 |issue=24 |pages=183–196 |date=October–December 1980}}, {{cite journal |title=Al Tawhid wa al Fann |trans-title=Tawhid enggau Seni |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=7 |issue=25 |pages=137–163 |date=January–March 1981}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and Labour |trans-title=Islam enggau Pengawa |journal=Islam and a New International Economic Order |publisher=International Institute for Labour Studies |location=Geneva |date=1980 |pages=79–101}} * {{cite journal |title=Hak Bukan Islam Dalam Islam |trans-title=Hak Orang Bukai Islam dalam Agama Islam |journal=Diskusi |volume=5 |issue=7/1980 |pages=2–5, 48 |date=July–August 1980}}, {{cite journal |title=Hak Bukan Islam Dalam Islam |trans-title=Hak Orang Bukai Islam dalam Agama Islam |journal=Diskusi |volume=5 |issue=8/1980 |pages=8–12 |date=August–September 1980}}, {{cite journal |title=Hak Bukan Islam Dalam Islam |trans-title=Hak Orang Bukai Islam dalam Agama Islam |journal=Diskusi |volume=5 |issue=9/1980 |pages=15–18, 51 |date=September–October 1980}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and Architecture |trans-title=Islam enggau Seni Bina |journal=Fine Arts in Islamic Civilization |editor=M. A. J. Beg |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=The University of Malaya Press |date=1981 |pages=99–117}} * {{cite journal |title=What Is a Muslim? |trans-title=Apai Muslim Nya? |journal=Al-Nahdah |volume=1 |issue=1 |date=March 1981 |pages=4–6}} * {{cite journal |title=Kuzey Amerika'da Islami idealler |trans-title=Idealisma Islam di Amerika Utara |journal=Yenidevir |location=Istanbul |pages=6 |date=April 29, 1981}} * {{cite book |title=Social and Natural Sciences |trans-title=Sains Sosial enggau Alam |chapter=The Ummah and Its Civilizational Christ |trans-chapter=Ummah enggau Kristus Tamadun |editor1-first=Isma’il R. |editor1-last=al-Faruqi |editor2-first=Abdullah O. |editor2-last=Naseef |location=Sevenoaks, UK |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |date=1981 |pages=100–115}} * {{cite journal |title=Islamizing the Social Sciences |trans-title=Ngislamka Sains Sosial |journal=Islamika |location=Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) |publisher=Sarjana Enterprise |date=1981 |pages=1–8}} * {{cite journal |title=Can a Muslim Be Rich? |trans-title=Muslim Nya Tau Nyadi Kaya? |journal=The Muslim Reader |volume=2 |issue=3 |date=December 1980 |pages=2, 11}} * {{cite journal |title=Huquq Ghayr al Muslimin fi al Dawlah al Islamiyah |trans-title=Hak Orang Bukai Islam dalam Menyadi Pemansang Negara Islam |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=7 |issue=26 |date=April–June 1981 |pages=19–40}} * {{cite journal |title=Jawhar al Hadarah al Islamiyah |trans-title=Jantong Tamadun Islam |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=7 |issue=27 |date=July–September 1981 |pages=9–28}} * {{cite journal |title=Why Is the Muslim a Muslim? |trans-title=Ngapa Muslim Nyadi Muslim? |journal=Al Nahdah |volume=1 |issue=2 |date=April–June 1981 |pages=5–7}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam in North America |trans-title=Islam di Amerika Utara |journal=Al Risalah |volume=6 |issue=2 |date=1981 |pages=28–37}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Nahdah al Islamiyah fi al Mujtama' al Mu'asir |trans-title=Kebangkitan Semula Islam dalam Masyarakat Kemansang |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=7 |issue=28 |date=October–December 1981 |pages=51–67}} * {{cite journal |title=Since When Is Anyone a Muslim? |trans-title=Ari Bila Nya Sapa-sapa Tau Nyadi Muslim? |journal=Al Nahdah |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=July–August 1981 |pages=4–6}} * {{cite journal |title=Moments of the Muslim's Religious Life |trans-title=Detik Pengidup Agama Muslim |journal=Al Nahdah |volume=1 |issue=4 |date=October–December 1981 |pages=5–6}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam as Culture and Civilization |trans-title=Islam Baka Budaya enggau Tamadun |journal=Islam and Contemporary Society |location=London and New York |publisher=Longman and the Islamic Council of Europe |date=1982 |pages=140–176}} * {{cite journal |title=Jawhar al Hadarah al Islamiyah |trans-title=Jantong Tamadun Islam |journal=Al Islam Wa al Hadarah |location=Riyadh |publisher=Al Nadwah al ‘Alamiyah li al Shahab al Islami |volume=2 |date=1979 |pages=583–668}} * {{cite journal |title=Intention and Works in Islam |trans-title=Pengawa enggau Niat dalam Islam |journal=Al Fikr al Islami |location=Algiers |publisher=Ministry of Religious Affairs |volume=3 |date=1976 |pages=135–164}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Ab'ad al Ruhiyah, wa al Siyasiyah, wa al Iqtisadiyah, wa al Ijtima'iyah li al 'Ibadat, wa Ahamiyatuha li Kullin min al Ummah wa al Fard |trans-title=Dimensi Rohani, Politik, Ekonomi, enggau Sosial Ibadat: Penting Iya ngagai Ummah enggau Indu |journal=Al Fikr al Islami |location=Algiers |publisher=Ministry of Religious Affairs |volume=4 |date=1976 |pages=9–24, 71–158}} * {{cite journal |title=How the U. S. and Islam Can Work Together |trans-title=Renggat Nya Amerika Syarikat enggau Islam Tau Berengkah Bekerja |journal=Arabia |issue=10 |date=June 1982 |pages=36}} * {{cite journal |title=Siyam (Fasting) |trans-title=Puasa (Siyam) |journal=Al Nahdah |volume=2 |issue=2 |date=April–June 1982 |pages=6–7}} * {{cite journal |title=Salat (Worship) |trans-title=Sembahyang (Salat) |journal=Al Nahdah |volume=2 |issue=1 |date=January–March 1982 |pages=6–7}} * {{cite journal |title=On the Nature of Islamic Da'wah |trans-title=Tentang Sifat Dakwah Islam |journal=The Muslim |date=October 1981 |pages=1–4}} * {{cite journal |editor=Henry O. Thompson |title=Divine Transcendence and Its Expression |trans-title=Ketunggalan Tuhan enggau Pengelantang Iya |journal=The Global Congress of the World's Religions, Proceedings 1980–1982 |location=New York |publisher=The Rose of Sharon Press |date=1982 |pages=267–316}} * {{cite journal |title=Hisab ma'a al Jami'iyin |trans-title=Pengira enggau Komuniti |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=8 |issue=31 |date=May–July 1982 |pages=47–57}} * {{cite journal |title=Freedom of Non-Muslims in an Islamic State |trans-title=Kebebasan Orang Bukai Muslim dalam Negara Islam |journal=The Muslim Reader |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=32–35 |date=July 1982 |quote=Published in Ramadan 1402}} * {{cite journal |title=Hicret'in Ihyasi ve Zamanimizda Yeniden Ikamesinin Luzumu |trans-title=Penghidup Semula Hijrah enggau Kepentingan Iya di Zaman Kini |journal=Milli Gazette |date=October 13, 1982 |quote=Published serially from October 13, 1982 to December 1, 1982 (12/26/1402 – 1/15/1403 Hijri)}} * {{cite journal |title=Islamic 'Fundamentalism' and the U.S.A. |trans-title=Asas Islam enggau Amerika Syarikat |journal=Islamic Fundamentalism |editor=Karim B. Akhtar and Ahmad H. Sakr |location=Cedar Rapids, IA |publisher=Igram Press |date=1982 |pages=122–125}} * {{cite journal |editor=Graciela de la Lama |title=Islam and Other Faiths |trans-title=Islam enggau Pengarap Bukai |journal=30th International Congress of Human Sciences in Asia and North Africa, Middle East 1 |location=Mexico City |publisher=El Colegio de Mexico |date=1982 |pages=153–179}} * {{cite journal |title=The Nation State and Social Order in the Perspective of Islam |trans-title=Negara Bangsa enggau Susun Sosial dalam Pandangan Islam |journal=Trialogue of the Abrahamic Faiths |location=Herndon, VA |publisher=HIT |date=1982 |pages=47–59}} * {{cite journal |title=Aslimah al Ma'rifah |trans-title=Ketulenan Penemu |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=8 |issue=32 |date=August–October 1982 |pages=9–23}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and the Theory of Nature |trans-title=Islam enggau Teori Alam |journal=The Islamic Quarterly |volume=26 |issue=1 |date=1982 |pages=16–26}} * {{cite journal |title=The Objective of the Seminar |trans-title=Tujuan Seminar |journal=Knowledge for What? (Proceedings of the Seminar of Islamization of Knowledge, Rabi' al Awwal 1402 / January 1982) |location=Islamabad |publisher=Institute of Education |date=1982 |pages=ix–xii}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Waugh |editor1-first=Earle H. |editor2-last=Abu-Laban |editor2-first=Baha |editor3-last=Qureshi |editor3-first=Regula B. |title=The Muslim Community in North America |trans-title=Komuniti Muslim di Amerika Utara |chapter=Islamic Ideals in North America |trans-chapter=Idealisma Islam di Amerika Utara |date=1983 |publisher=The University of Alberta Press |location=Edmonton |pages=359–370}} * {{cite journal |title=Report of the Seminar |trans-title=Laporan Seminar |journal=Knowledge for What? (Proceedings of the Seminar of Islamization of Knowledge, Rabi' al Awwal 1402 / January 1982) |location=Islamabad |publisher=Institute of Education |date=1982 |pages=xxii–xxvi}} * {{cite journal |title=Islamization of Knowledge: The General Principles and the Work-plan |trans-title=Pengislaman Penemu: Prinsip Umum enggau Pelan Pengawa |journal=Knowledge for What? (Proceedings of the Seminar of Islamization of Knowledge, Rabi' al Awwal 1402 / January 1982) |location=Islamabad |publisher=Institute of Education |date=1982 |pages=1–49}} * {{cite journal |title=Nahwa Jami'ah Islamiyah |trans-title=Menuju Universiti Islam |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=9 |issue=33 |pages=47–56 |date=November 1982 |quote=Published from November 1982 to January 1983}} * {{cite journal |title=Islamization of Knowledge: The General Principles and the Work Plan |trans-title=Pengislaman Penemu: Prinsip Umum enggau Pelan Pengawa |journal=Pakistan Journal of History and Culture |volume=3 |issue=1 |date=January–June 1982 |pages=21–69}} * {{cite journal |title=Islamic Message and Islamic Vision: A Challenge for Muslims in America |trans-title=Surat Islam enggau Pandang Islam: Cabaran ngagai Muslim di Amerika |journal=The Orange Crescent |volume=9 |issue=4 |date=April 1983 |pages=1–3}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Islam wa Farm al 'Amarah |trans-title=Islam enggau Kepemimpinan |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=9 |issue=34 |date=February–April 1983 |pages=87–99}} == Laman web ke bukai == * [https://ismailfaruqi.com Ismail Faruqi Dalam Talian] Archived Laman web pasal pengidup enggau pengawa Dr. * [[openlibrary:authors/OL175450A/Ismaʼil_R._Al-Faruqi|Karya Ismail al-Faruqi]] dalam ''Perpustakaan Terbuka'', Arkib Internet . hqtt4e239ha9iqj6jla5rkpf080kesb 10 3438 12942 12417 2025-06-05T01:46:23Z Song GK 9 12942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalam berita/gambar | image = Lee Jae-myung's Portrait (2024.2) (cropped).jpg | width = | caption = Lee Jae-myung maya taun 2024 | title = | alt = | link = | border = yes | caption align = left }} *<!--03 Jun--> [[Lee Jae-myung]] ''(gambar)'' '''[[Pengawa bepilih besai presiden Korea Selatan 2025|dipilih]]''' nyadi [[presiden Korea Selatan]]. *<!--01 Jun--> [[Karol Nawrocki]] '''[[Pengawa bepilih presiden Poland 2025|dipilih]]''' nyadi [[presiden Poland]]. *<!--31 Mei--> '''[[Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat]]''' ngangkat sumpah nyadi [[putera begulai Andorra|putera begulai bishop Andorra]] ke baru. *<!--28 Mei--> Penulis enggau aktivis Kenya '''{{nowrap|[[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]]}}''' midang ba {{nowrap|umur 87 taun}}. *<!--28 Mei--> '''[[Bah Mokwa 2025|Bah]]''' ngaramka mengeri [[Mokwa]], Nigeria, ngujungka mayuh ari 200 iku orang parai. 8d36mluot59h450fjddjzfi0yt7zdf7 4 3642 12945 12509 2025-06-05T02:09:11Z Song GK 9 12945 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[5 Jun]]''': '''[[Hari Rampa Menua Sedunya]]'''; '''[[Hari Apai]]''' enggau '''[[Hari Konstitusyen]]''' di Denmark. <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em"> [[Fail:Papst klemens v.jpg|100x101px|Paus Clement V]] </div> {{*mp}} [[1305]] – Raymond Bertrand de Got nyadi '''[[Paus Clement V]]''', ngganti [[Paus Benedict XI]]. {{*mp}} [[1947]] – [[Sekretari Menua Amerika Syarikat]] '''[[George Marshall]]''' minta bantu ungkup [[ekonomi]] Eropah ti redak ketegal perang. {{*mp}} [[1967]] – '''[[Perang Enam Hari]]''' berengkah lebuh serang [[Operasyen Fokus|dulu ke digaga]] [[Soldadu Langit Israel]] ngagai bilun Mesir, Jordan enggau Syria ba padang bilun. {{*mp}} [[2001]] – [[Ribut Tropika Allison]], ribut tropika Atlantik ke pemadu mar ke enda kala nyadi ribut taufan, ngaga tanah di Texas, ngujungka urung $8.5 bilion pengerusak. {{*mp}} [[2015]] – [[Tanah berenyang Sabah 2015|'''Tanah berenyang''']] 6.0 skala Richter ba [[Sabah]] udah ngujungka 18 iku orang parai lalu 11 iku orang bakal. </li> Hari-hari sebedau: [[4 Jun]] &ndash; [[3 Jun]] &ndash; [[2 Jun]] {{SelAnnivFooter|Month=Jun}} <noinclude> </noinclude> 4qo0t192dpzyen0k0n5g16613eoqvg9 0 3793 12909 2025-06-02T14:47:22Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1242395618|Catholic Church in Colombia]] " 12909 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerija Katolik Kolombia''', tauka '''Gerija Katolik ba Kolombia''', iya nya pampang [[Gerija Katolik]] di menua [[Amerika Selatan]] [[Kolombia]]. == Organisasyen == Gerija Katolik ba menua tu diatur ngagai 13 bengkah pelilih menua eklisia, dibagi ngagai 13 bengkah diosis besai enggau 52 bengkah diosis, sereta eksarkat rasul Maronit. Lebih ari 120 bengkah gerempung pengarap, institut, enggau gerempung rama bejalaika beratus bengkah sekula primari enggau sekondari, sepital, klinik, rumah anak patu balu, kolej, enggau 8 buah universiti di serata menua. Ke pemadu dikelala iya nya Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (di [[Bogotá]]) enggau Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (di Cali), kedua-dua nya universiti [[Gerempung Jesus|Jesuit]].<ref>Annuario Pontificio, 2009.</ref> Bepelasarka pansik enggau pansik, urung 90% ari peranak Kolombia bepegai ba [[Kristian|pengarap Kristian]], majoriti ari sida nya (70.9%) bepegai ba [[Gerija Katolik|pengarap Katolik]], lalu 16.7% bepegai ba [[Protestan|pengarap Protestan]] (keterubah iya Evangelikalisme) tauka raban Kristian bukai.<ref name="Religion">{{Cite book |last=Beltrán Cely, William Mauricio |url=http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/10780/1/Del%20monopolio%20cat%C3%B3lico%20a%20la%20explosi%C3%B3n%20pentecostal.pdf |title=Del monopolio católico a la explosión pentecostal' |publisher=Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Centro de Estudios Sociales (CES), Maestría en Sociología |year=2013 |isbn=978-958-761-465-7 |language=es |access-date=2016-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327173229/http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/10780/1/Del%20monopolio%20cat%C3%B3lico%20a%20la%20explosi%C3%B3n%20pentecostal.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Religion2">{{cite web|url=http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/8486/1/williammauriciobeltran.2011.pdf|title=Descripción cuantitativa de la pluralización religiosa en Colombia|author=Beltrán Cely, William Mauricio|author-link=William Mauricio Beltrán Cely|publisher=Universitas humanística 73 (2012): 201–238. – bdigital.unal.edu.co|access-date=2016-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329185722/http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/8486/1/williammauriciobeltran.2011.pdf|archive-date=2014-03-29|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Religion in Latin America">{{cite web|title=Religion in Latin America, Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2014/11/13/religion-in-latin-america/#|website=pewforum.org|publisher=Pew Research Center|date=November 13, 2014}}</ref><ref name="US2022">[https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/colombia US State Dept 2022 report] </ref> == Penyanding == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Gerija Katolik nitihka menua]] kwg58w6fm8xdefcte9db3ka3x3mj24m 12910 12909 2025-06-02T14:54:25Z Song GK 9 12910 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerija Katolik Kolombia''', tauka '''Gerija Katolik ba Kolombia''', iya nya pampang [[Gerija Katolik]] di menua [[Amerika Selatan]] [[Kolombia]]. == Organisasyen == Gerija Katolik ba menua tu diatur ngagai 13 bengkah pelilih menua eklisia, dibagi ngagai 13 bengkah diosis besai enggau 52 bengkah diosis, sereta eksarkat rasul Maronit. Lebih ari 120 bengkah gerempung pengarap, institut, enggau gerempung rama bejalaika beratus bengkah sekula primari enggau sekondari, sepital, klinik, rumah anak patu balu, kolej, enggau 8 buah universiti di serata menua. Ke pemadu dikelala iya nya Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (di [[Bogotá]]) enggau Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (di Cali), kedua-dua nya universiti [[Gerempung Jesus|Jesuit]].<ref>Annuario Pontificio, 2009.</ref> Bepelasarka pansik enggau pansik, urung 90% ari peranak Kolombia bepegai ba [[Kristian|pengarap Kristian]], majoriti ari sida nya (70.9%) bepegai ba [[Gerija Katolik|pengarap Katolik]], lalu 16.7% bepegai ba [[Protestan|pengarap Protestan]] (keterubah iya Evangelikalisme) tauka raban Kristian bukai.<ref name="Religion">{{Cite book |last=Beltrán Cely, William Mauricio |url=http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/10780/1/Del%20monopolio%20cat%C3%B3lico%20a%20la%20explosi%C3%B3n%20pentecostal.pdf |title=Del monopolio católico a la explosión pentecostal' |publisher=Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Centro de Estudios Sociales (CES), Maestría en Sociología |date=2013 |isbn=978-958-761-465-7 |language=es |access-date=2016-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327173229/http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/10780/1/Del%20monopolio%20cat%C3%B3lico%20a%20la%20explosi%C3%B3n%20pentecostal.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Religion2">{{cite web|url=http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/8486/1/williammauriciobeltran.2011.pdf|title=Descripción cuantitativa de la pluralización religiosa en Colombia|author=Beltrán Cely, William Mauricio|author-link=William Mauricio Beltrán Cely|publisher=Universitas humanística 73 (2012): 201–238. – bdigital.unal.edu.co|access-date=2016-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329185722/http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/8486/1/williammauriciobeltran.2011.pdf|archive-date=2014-03-29|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Religion in Latin America">{{cite web|title=Religion in Latin America, Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2014/11/13/religion-in-latin-america/#|website=pewforum.org|publisher=Pew Research Center|date=November 13, 2014}}</ref><ref name="US2022">[https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/colombia US State Dept 2022 report] </ref> == Penyanding == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Gerija Katolik nitihka menua]] j8uqnhfcbak5m58gdd5vt5n864c59il 10 3794 12912 2025-06-02T15:13:19Z Song GK 9 Melencong ke [[Templat:Geological range]] 12912 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Geological range]] 7v75vz714j9z1uuwsspa0q3pkbqe3ku 10 3795 12913 2025-06-02T15:14:08Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=genus |link=Pteropus |parent=Pteropodini |refs={{Catalogue of Life|id=64365|title=''Pteropus''|access-date=9 November 2024}} }}' 12913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=genus |link=Pteropus |parent=Pteropodini |refs={{Catalogue of Life|id=64365|title=''Pteropus''|access-date=9 November 2024}} }} is3gn5dx2lo0qds0rbyd476k5uuqm73 10 3796 12914 2025-06-02T15:15:19Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=tribus |link=Pteropodini |parent=Pteropodinae |refs={{Catalogue of Life|id=7NM9D|title=Pteropodini|access-date=9 November 2024}} }}' 12914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=tribus |link=Pteropodini |parent=Pteropodinae |refs={{Catalogue of Life|id=7NM9D|title=Pteropodini|access-date=9 November 2024}} }} nfown4aohm0k4s3zlw2nuhcj8lfxpih 10 3797 12915 2025-06-02T15:16:21Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=subfamilia |link=Pteropodinae |parent=Pteropodidae }}' 12915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=subfamilia |link=Pteropodinae |parent=Pteropodidae }} 2eiqhjlnx2pfj0srybcjn7y5larvo53 10 3798 12916 2025-06-02T15:17:48Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=familia |link=Pteropodidae |parent=Pteropodoidea |refs= *<!--{{Sfn|Teeling|Madsen|Van Den Bussche|Jong|2002}}-->{{Cite journal | last1 = Teeling | first1 = E. C. | last2 = Madsen | first2 = O. | last3 = Van Den Bussche | first3 = R. A. | last4 = De Jong | first4 = W. W. | last5 = Stanhope | first5 = M. J. | last6 = Springer | first6 = M. S. | title = Microbat paraphyly and the convergent evolution of a k...' 12916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=familia |link=Pteropodidae |parent=Pteropodoidea |refs= *<!--{{Sfn|Teeling|Madsen|Van Den Bussche|Jong|2002}}-->{{Cite journal | last1 = Teeling | first1 = E. C. | last2 = Madsen | first2 = O. | last3 = Van Den Bussche | first3 = R. A. | last4 = De Jong | first4 = W. W. | last5 = Stanhope | first5 = M. J. | last6 = Springer | first6 = M. S. | title = Microbat paraphyly and the convergent evolution of a key innovation in Old World rhinolophoid microbats | doi = 10.1073/pnas.022477199 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 99 | issue = 3 | pages = 1431–1436 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11805285| pmc = 122208| bibcode = 2002PNAS...99.1431T | doi-access = free }} }} 9irjjcf7w3xr7zmw3e2dauo3tgkpspe 10 3799 12917 2025-06-02T15:18:41Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=superfamilia |link=Pteropodoidea |parent=Yinpterochiroptera |extinct= |refs= *<!--{{Sfn|Teeling|Madsen|Van Den Bussche|Jong|2002}}-->{{Cite journal | last1 = Teeling | first1 = E. C. | last2 = Madsen | first2 = O. | last3 = Van Den Bussche | first3 = R. A. | last4 = De Jong | first4 = W. W. | last5 = Stanhope | first5 = M. J. | last6 = Springer | first6 = M. S. | title = Microbat paraphyly and the conver...' 12917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=superfamilia |link=Pteropodoidea |parent=Yinpterochiroptera |extinct= |refs= *<!--{{Sfn|Teeling|Madsen|Van Den Bussche|Jong|2002}}-->{{Cite journal | last1 = Teeling | first1 = E. C. | last2 = Madsen | first2 = O. | last3 = Van Den Bussche | first3 = R. A. | last4 = De Jong | first4 = W. W. | last5 = Stanhope | first5 = M. J. | last6 = Springer | first6 = M. S. | title = Microbat paraphyly and the convergent evolution of a key innovation in Old World rhinolophoid microbats | doi = 10.1073/pnas.022477199 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 99 | issue = 3 | pages = 1431–1436 | date = 2002 | pmid = 11805285| pmc = 122208| bibcode = 2002PNAS...99.1431T | doi-access = free }} *<!--{{Sfn|Hutcheon|Kirsch|2006}}-->{{Cite journal | last1 = Hutcheon | first1 = J.M. | last2 = Kirsch | first2 = J.A.W. | title = A moveable face: Deconstructing the Microchiroptera and a new classification of extant bats | journal = Acta Chiropterologica | volume = 8| issue = 1| pages = 1–10| year = 2006 | doi = 10.3161/1733-5329(2006)8[1:AMFDTM]2.0.CO;2 | issn = 1733-5329 }} }} 9qwjozrhnilvwyp2jhsi11un9hgor3j 10 3800 12918 2025-06-02T15:19:50Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=subordo |link=Yinpterochiroptera |parent=Chiroptera |extinct= |refs=<!--Shown on this page only; don't include <ref> tags --> }}' 12918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=subordo |link=Yinpterochiroptera |parent=Chiroptera |extinct= |refs=<!--Shown on this page only; don't include <ref> tags --> }} ddi4czqjgdegyaedhgde33c79rclc4m 10 3801 12919 2025-06-02T15:20:51Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=ordo |parent=Apo-Chiroptera |link=Entawai|Chiroptera |refs= See [[Pegasoferae]]; and <!--{{Sfn|Hutcheon|Kirsch|2006}}-->{{Cite journal | last1 = Hutcheon | first1 = J.M. | last2 = Kirsch | first2 = J.A.W. | title = A moveable face: Deconstructing the Microchiroptera and a new classification of extant bats | journal = Acta Chiropterologica | volume = 8| issue = 1| pages = 1–10| year = 2006 | doi = 10.31...' 12919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=ordo |parent=Apo-Chiroptera |link=Entawai|Chiroptera |refs= See [[Pegasoferae]]; and <!--{{Sfn|Hutcheon|Kirsch|2006}}-->{{Cite journal | last1 = Hutcheon | first1 = J.M. | last2 = Kirsch | first2 = J.A.W. | title = A moveable face: Deconstructing the Microchiroptera and a new classification of extant bats | journal = Acta Chiropterologica | volume = 8| issue = 1| pages = 1–10| year = 2006 | doi = 10.3161/1733-5329(2006)8[1:AMFDTM]2.0.CO;2 | issn = 1733-5329 }} }} dmkj74yaco4xuizs6vff34k5u95tqr9 12920 12919 2025-06-02T15:21:27Z Song GK 9 12920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=ordo |parent=Apo-Chiroptera |link=Entawai|Chiroptera |refs= See [[Pegasoferae]]; and <!--{{Sfn|Hutcheon|Kirsch|2006}}-->{{Cite journal | last1 = Hutcheon | first1 = J.M. | last2 = Kirsch | first2 = J.A.W. | title = A moveable face: Deconstructing the Microchiroptera and a new classification of extant bats | journal = Acta Chiropterologica | volume = 8| issue = 1| pages = 1–10| date = 2006 | doi = 10.3161/1733-5329(2006)8[1:AMFDTM]2.0.CO;2 | issn = 1733-5329 }} }} 7z1jm3uhjnt7zvt1gm3njwoegav6psc 10 3802 12921 2025-06-02T15:22:07Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=clade |parent=Scrotifera |link=Apo-Chiroptera |refs= }}' 12921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=clade |parent=Scrotifera |link=Apo-Chiroptera |refs= }} 23kd3c52qpln9pbqouksunb50dk7en4 0 3803 12922 2025-06-02T15:26:45Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1292987882|Bat]] " 12922 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Entawai''' iya nya mamalia ti ulih terebai ari raban '''Chiroptera'''. Enggau kaki mua sida ti diubah nyadi sayap, sida aja mamalia ti ulih terebai enggau bendar sereta meruan. Entawai lengkas agi terebai ari mayuh burung, terebai enggau digit sida ti panjai amat ti ngerembai ti dibungkur enggau membran tipis tauka patagium. Entawai ke pemadu mit, lalu tau dikumbai mamalia ti pemadu mit ti agi bisi, iya nya kelawar idung babi Kitti, iya nya 29–34 mm (1,1-1,3 dalam) pemanjai, 150 mm (5.9 dalam) meraka sayap enggau 2–2.6 g (0,071 enggau 0,092 oz) dalam jisim. Entawai ti pemadu besai iya nya [[semawa]], enggau semawa bemahkota mas (''Acerodon jubatus'') ti manggai pemerat 1.6 kg (3.5 lb) enggau ngembuan pemesai sayap 1.7 m (5 kaki 7 inchi). qxva6nu865n7er6axljzm1fatrqjexi 12923 12922 2025-06-02T15:28:21Z Song GK 9 12923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | name = Entawai | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|52|0|[[Eocene]]–[[Holocene|Present]]}} | image = <imagemap> File:Wikipedia-Bats-001-v01.jpg|300px rect 0 0 820 510 [[Common vampire bat]] rect 0 510 820 950 [[Greater horseshoe bat]] rect 0 950 820 1560 [[Greater short-nosed fruit bat]] rect 1520 0 820 510 [[Egyptian fruit bat]] rect 1520 510 820 950 [[Mexican free-tailed bat]] rect 1520 950 820 1560 [[Greater mouse-eared bat]] </imagemap> | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Chiroptera | authority = [[Johann Friedrich Blumenbach|Blumenbach]], 1779 | subdivision_ranks = Suborders | subdivision = (tradisional): * [[Megachiroptera]] * [[Microchiroptera]] (kemaya tu): * [[Yinpterochiroptera]] * [[Yangochiroptera]] | range_map = Bat range.png | range_map_caption = Agih spesies entawai ba serata dunya }} '''Entawai''' iya nya mamalia ti ulih terebai ari raban '''Chiroptera'''. Enggau kaki mua sida ti diubah nyadi sayap, sida aja mamalia ti ulih terebai enggau bendar sereta meruan. Entawai lengkas agi terebai ari mayuh burung, terebai enggau digit sida ti panjai amat ti ngerembai ti dibungkur enggau membran tipis tauka patagium. Entawai ke pemadu mit, lalu tau dikumbai mamalia ti pemadu mit ti agi bisi, iya nya kelawar idung babi Kitti, iya nya 29–34 mm (1,1-1,3 dalam) pemanjai, 150 mm (5.9 dalam) meraka sayap enggau 2–2.6 g (0,071 enggau 0,092 oz) dalam jisim. Entawai ti pemadu besai iya nya [[semawa]], enggau semawa bemahkota mas (''Acerodon jubatus'') ti manggai pemerat 1.6 kg (3.5 lb) enggau ngembuan pemesai sayap 1.7 m (5 kaki 7 inchi). jkbpzda4g0ofmvzz73wrwlpz2656mgv 0 3804 12926 2025-06-03T13:24:10Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1292023597|Colombian Spanish]] " 12926 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jaku Sepanyol Kolombia''' ({{Langx|es|español colombiano}}) nya raban ari mayuh macham jaku Sepanyol ti dikena ba [[Kolombia]]. Leka jaku tu lebih agi bekaul enggau geografi ari linguistik, laban dialek ke dikena ba mayuh bengkah kandang menua Kolombia chukup mayuh macham. Jaku kandang menua pesisir utara suah agi mantaika inovasyen fonologi tipikal jaku Sepanyol Karibia, seraya bansa tanah tinggi udah lebih konservatif ari sukut sejarah. Institut Caro enggau Cuervo di [[Bogotá]] nyadi institusyen besai di Kolombia dikena ngelakuka pengawa belajarka jaku enggau litaricha bepenemu kededua Kolombia enggau Amerika Sepanyol ke bukai. Jaku ti bepelajar ari Bogotá, iya nya bansa jaku Sepanyol ti konservatif, ngembuan prestij ti tinggi ba orang ti bejaku Sepanyol di serata Amerika.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Lipski|1994|pp=205–207}}</ref> Akademi Jaku Kolombia ({{Lang|es|Academia Colombiana de la Lengua}}) nya akademi jaku Sepanyol ti pemadu tuai pengudah Akademi Diraja Sepanyol ba menua Sepanyol; ke udah ditumbuhka dalam taun 1871.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rae.es/noticia/la-academia-colombiana-de-la-lengua-celebra-el-150o-aniversario-de-su-fundacion|title=La Academia Colombiana de la Lengua celebra el 150.º aniversario de su fundación}}</ref> Taja pan iya nyadi subjek debat ari raban akademik, sekeda kritikus madahka {{Lang|es|El desierto prodigioso y prodigio del desierto}}, ditulis {{Lang|es|Pedro de Solís y Valenzuela}} ba Perintah Baru Granada maya taun 1600-an, nya novel moden keterubah ari Amerika Sepanyol.<ref>{{cite journal|title=La Novela en la Colonia|journal=The Savrvs|date=May–August 1993|volume=38|issue=2|url=http://bibliotecadigital.caroycuervo.gov.co/622/1/TH_38_002_001_1.pdf}}</ref> gtgssd9aotxq7tl52erh8ap5rp9qr9m 12927 12926 2025-06-03T13:26:59Z Song GK 9 12927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Jaku Sepanyol Kolombia | nativename = {{lang|es|Español colombiano}} | pronunciation = {{IPA|es|espaˌɲol kolomˈbjano|}} | states = [[Kolombia]] | agency = [[Academia Colombiana de la Lengua]] | date = 2014 | speakers = 46,393,500 ba Kolombia, semua pejaku | ref = <ref>{{Ethnologue21|spa|Spanish → Colombia}}</ref> | speakers2 = L1 users: 46,300,000 (2015)<br />L2 users: 93,500 (2015) | script = [[Urup Latin|Latin]] ([[Spanish alphabet]]) | familycolor = Indo-Eropah | nation = {{COL}} | fam2 = [[Italic languages|Italic]] | fam3 = [[Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]] | fam4 = [[Romance languages|Romance]] | fam5 = [[Western Romance languages|Western]] | fam6 = [[Ibero-Romance languages|Ibero-Romance]] | fam7 = [[West Iberian languages|West Iberian]] | fam8 = [[Jaku Kastilia|Kastilia]] | fam9 = [[Jaku Sepanyol|Sepanyol]] | ancestor = [[Old Latin]] | ancestor2 = [[Classical Latin]] | ancestor3 = [[Vulgar Latin]] | ancestor4 = [[Old Spanish]] | ancestor5 = [[Early Modern Spanish]] | isoexception = dialect | dialects = Bogotan (Rolo)<br />[[Paisa Region#Language|Paisa]]<br />[[Caribbean Spanish|Costeño]]<br />Cundiboyacense<br />Valluno<br />Santanderean<br />[[Andean Spanish|Pastuso]]<br />Opita dialect<br />[[Llanero Spanish|Llanero]]<br />[[Equatorial Spanish|Chocoano]]<br />Isleño | iso1 = es | iso2 = spa<ref>{{cite web|title=ISO 639-2 Language Code search|url=https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes-keyword.php?SearchTerm=spa&SearchType=iso_639_2&Submit=Go|website=Library of Congress|access-date=21 September 2017}}</ref> | glotto = none | ietf = es-CO | notice = IPA | map = Dialectos Colombia.png | mapcaption = Dialek jaku Sepanyol ba Kolombia }} '''Jaku Sepanyol Kolombia''' ({{Langx|es|español colombiano}}) nya raban ari mayuh macham jaku Sepanyol ti dikena ba [[Kolombia]]. Leka jaku tu lebih agi bekaul enggau geografi ari linguistik, laban dialek ke dikena ba mayuh bengkah kandang menua Kolombia chukup mayuh macham. Jaku kandang menua pesisir utara suah agi mantaika inovasyen fonologi tipikal jaku Sepanyol Karibia, seraya bansa tanah tinggi udah lebih konservatif ari sukut sejarah. Institut Caro enggau Cuervo di [[Bogotá]] nyadi institusyen besai di Kolombia dikena ngelakuka pengawa belajarka jaku enggau litaricha bepenemu kededua Kolombia enggau Amerika Sepanyol ke bukai. Jaku ti bepelajar ari Bogotá, iya nya bansa jaku Sepanyol ti konservatif, ngembuan prestij ti tinggi ba orang ti bejaku Sepanyol di serata Amerika.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Lipski|1994|pp=205–207}}</ref> Akademi Jaku Kolombia ({{Lang|es|Academia Colombiana de la Lengua}}) nya akademi jaku Sepanyol ti pemadu tuai pengudah Akademi Diraja Sepanyol ba menua Sepanyol; ke udah ditumbuhka dalam taun 1871.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rae.es/noticia/la-academia-colombiana-de-la-lengua-celebra-el-150o-aniversario-de-su-fundacion|title=La Academia Colombiana de la Lengua celebra el 150.º aniversario de su fundación}}</ref> Taja pan iya nyadi subjek debat ari raban akademik, sekeda kritikus madahka {{Lang|es|El desierto prodigioso y prodigio del desierto}}, ditulis {{Lang|es|Pedro de Solís y Valenzuela}} ba Perintah Baru Granada maya taun 1600-an, nya novel moden keterubah ari Amerika Sepanyol.<ref>{{cite journal|title=La Novela en la Colonia|journal=The Savrvs|date=May–August 1993|volume=38|issue=2|url=http://bibliotecadigital.caroycuervo.gov.co/622/1/TH_38_002_001_1.pdf}}</ref> == Penyanding == {{reflist}} 2tl85zlchy13fh9yi1bz31p5ywvv1lb 0 3805 12928 2025-06-03T13:41:25Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1249452539|Primatial Cathedral of Bogotá]] " 12928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Basilika Katedral Metropolitan enggau Primat Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah enggau Sante Peter ari Bogotá''' tauka dikelala agi enggau nama '''Basilika Katedral Metropolitan Bogotá enggau Primata Kolombia''', enggau rasmi ''Endur Kudus Basilika Katedral Metropolitan enggau Primat Konsepsyen Maria Enda Bepenyalah enggau Sante Peter'' nya [[katedral]] endur sembiang gerija Katolik ti dikuduska ngagai Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah sereta di baruh pengelindung [[Sante Peter]]; nya siti begunan gaya Neoklasik ke bepalan ba Plaza de Bolívar di [[Bogotá]], indu nengeri menua nya. Katedral tu nyadi penuduk Diosis Besai Metropolitan Bogotá enggau Primata Kolombia, diaku Pope Leo XIII enggau gelar basa ''Primata [[Kolombia]]'', nengah Dekrit Gempuru Konsistorial 7 November 1902.<ref name="Conference">{{cite web|url=http://www.cec.org.co/index.shtml?x=400|title=Arquidiócesis de Bogotá – Historia|website=Episcopal Conference of Colombia website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227211201/http://www.cec.org.co/index.shtml?x=400|archive-date=27 December 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Iya mega nyadi penuduk [[Cabildo metropolitano|metropolitan Cabildo]] enggau "Paroki Basilika Katedral Metropolitan Bogotá Sante Peter". Katedral nya didesain [[Domingo de Petrés]] lalu digaga entara taun 1807 enggau 1823 ba endur ke sama endur tiga bengkah gerija bukai didirika sebedau tu, ke beturut-turut nyadi katedral ungkup mengeri nya. Ketegal reti sejarah, rega seni bina enggau budaya, iya ditukuka nyadi Monumento Nacional nengah dekrit 1,584 kena 11 Ogos 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/Bienes/Images/Decreto_1584-1975.doc|publisher=Ministry of National Education|title=Decree number 1584|date=11 August 1975|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200916/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/Bienes/Images/Decreto_1584-1975.doc|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> 9kpja34lnd462ha0a1vijlbuns8imbu 12929 12928 2025-06-03T13:43:39Z Song GK 9 12929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious building | building_name = Basilika Katedral Metropolitan enggau Primat Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah enggau Sante Peter ari Bogotá | native_name = Catedral Basílica Metropolitana y Primada de la Inmaculada Concepción y San Pedro de Bogotá | religious_affiliation=[[Roman Katolik]] | image = Primatial Cathedral of Bogotá 01.jpg | caption = Bogotá Metropolitan Basilica Cathedral next to Sacred Chapel and Archiepiscopal Palace | location = [[Bogotá]], [[Kolombia]] | geo = {{coord|4.59796|-74.07524|format=dms|region:CO|display=inline,title}} | rite = | district = [[Diosis Besai Roman Katolik Bogotá|Diosis Besai Bogotá]] | province = | consecration_year = | status = [[Katedral]], [[Basilika mit]] | leadership = Archbishop Metropolitan of Bogotá [[Luis José Rueda Aparicio]] | website = http://catedral.arquibogota.org.co/es/ | architect = Friar Domingo de Petrés | architecture_type = [[Gerija (begunan)|Gerija]] | architecture_style= [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] | groundbreaking = 1807 (fourth cathedral) | year_completed = 1823 | construction_cost = | facade_direction = West | capacity = | length = | width = | width_nave = | height_max = 52 | dome_height_outer = | materials = | specifications = | image_size = 250px | year_started = }} '''Basilika Katedral Metropolitan enggau Primat Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah enggau Sante Peter ari Bogotá''' tauka dikelala agi enggau nama '''Basilika Katedral Metropolitan Bogotá enggau Primata Kolombia''', enggau rasmi ''Endur Kudus Basilika Katedral Metropolitan enggau Primat Konsepsyen Maria Enda Bepenyalah enggau Sante Peter'' nya [[katedral]] endur sembiang gerija Katolik ti dikuduska ngagai Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah sereta di baruh pengelindung [[Sante Peter]]; nya siti begunan gaya Neoklasik ke bepalan ba Plaza de Bolívar di [[Bogotá]], indu nengeri menua nya. Katedral tu nyadi penuduk Diosis Besai Metropolitan Bogotá enggau Primata Kolombia, diaku Pope Leo XIII enggau gelar basa ''Primata [[Kolombia]]'', nengah Dekrit Gempuru Konsistorial 7 November 1902.<ref name="Conference">{{cite web|url=http://www.cec.org.co/index.shtml?x=400|title=Arquidiócesis de Bogotá – Historia|website=Episcopal Conference of Colombia website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227211201/http://www.cec.org.co/index.shtml?x=400|archive-date=27 December 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Iya mega nyadi penuduk [[Cabildo metropolitano|metropolitan Cabildo]] enggau "Paroki Basilika Katedral Metropolitan Bogotá Sante Peter". Katedral nya didesain [[Domingo de Petrés]] lalu digaga entara taun 1807 enggau 1823 ba endur ke sama endur tiga bengkah gerija bukai didirika sebedau tu, ke beturut-turut nyadi katedral ungkup mengeri nya. Ketegal reti sejarah, rega seni bina enggau budaya, iya ditukuka nyadi Monumento Nacional nengah dekrit 1,584 kena 11 Ogos 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/Bienes/Images/Decreto_1584-1975.doc|publisher=Ministry of National Education|title=Decree number 1584|date=11 August 1975|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200916/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/Bienes/Images/Decreto_1584-1975.doc|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Penyanding == {{reflist}} p49amww5897rghsw9b93za184djs90i 12930 12929 2025-06-03T13:43:54Z Song GK 9 12930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious building | building_name = Basilika Katedral Metropolitan enggau Primat Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah enggau Sante Peter ari Bogotá | native_name = Catedral Basílica Metropolitana y Primada de la Inmaculada Concepción y San Pedro de Bogotá | religious_affiliation=[[Roman Katolik]] | image = Primatial Cathedral of Bogotá 01.jpg | caption = Bogotá Metropolitan Basilica Cathedral next to Sacred Chapel and Archiepiscopal Palace | location = [[Bogotá]], [[Kolombia]] | geo = {{coord|4.59796|-74.07524|format=dms|region:CO|display=inline,title}} | rite = | district = [[Diosis Besai Roman Katolik Bogotá|Diosis Besai Bogotá]] | province = | consecration_year = | status = [[Katedral]], [[Basilika mit]] | leadership = Archbishop Metropolitan of Bogotá [[Luis José Rueda Aparicio]] | website = http://catedral.arquibogota.org.co/es/ | architect = Friar Domingo de Petrés | architecture_type = [[Gerija (begunan)|Gerija]] | architecture_style= [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] | groundbreaking = 1807 (fourth cathedral) | year_completed = 1823 | construction_cost = | facade_direction = West | capacity = | length = | width = | width_nave = | height_max = 52 | dome_height_outer = | materials = | specifications = | image_size = 250px | year_started = }} '''Basilika Katedral Metropolitan enggau Primat Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah enggau Sante Peter ari Bogotá''' tauka dikelala agi enggau nama '''Basilika Katedral Metropolitan Bogotá enggau Primata Kolombia''', enggau rasmi ''Endur Kudus Basilika Katedral Metropolitan enggau Primat Konsepsyen Maria Enda Bepenyalah enggau Sante Peter'' nya [[katedral]] endur sembiang gerija Katolik ti dikuduska ngagai Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah sereta di baruh pengelindung [[Sante Peter]]; nya siti begunan gaya Neoklasik ke bepalan ba Plaza de Bolívar di [[Bogotá]], indu nengeri menua nya. Katedral tu nyadi penuduk Diosis Besai Metropolitan Bogotá enggau Primata Kolombia, diaku Pope Leo XIII enggau gelar basa ''Primata [[Kolombia]]'', nengah Dekrit Gempuru Konsistorial 7 November 1902.<ref name="Conference">{{cite web|url=http://www.cec.org.co/index.shtml?x=400|title=Arquidiócesis de Bogotá – Historia|website=Episcopal Conference of Colombia website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227211201/http://www.cec.org.co/index.shtml?x=400|archive-date=27 December 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Iya mega nyadi penuduk [[Cabildo metropolitano|metropolitan Cabildo]] enggau "Paroki Basilika Katedral Metropolitan Bogotá Sante Peter". Katedral nya didesain [[Domingo de Petrés]] lalu digaga entara taun 1807 enggau 1823 ba endur ke sama endur tiga bengkah gerija bukai didirika sebedau tu, ke beturut-turut nyadi katedral ungkup mengeri nya. Ketegal reti sejarah, rega seni bina enggau budaya, iya ditukuka nyadi Monumento Nacional nengah dekrit 1,584 kena 11 Ogos 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/Bienes/Images/Decreto_1584-1975.doc|publisher=Ministry of National Education|title=Decree number 1584|date=11 August 1975|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200916/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/Bienes/Images/Decreto_1584-1975.doc|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Penyanding == {{reflist}} fxrt7fdtdqgqe8bhcep1oc3fhuvcckg 0 3806 12931 2025-06-04T01:28:13Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1290831943|Muisca]] " 12931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group|group=Muiska|native_name={{lang|cba|Muysca}}|native_name_lang=cba|image=Gold Museum, Bogota (36145671394).jpg|image_caption=[[Rakit Muiska]] (1200–1500 CE)<br />representation of the initiation of the new ''[[zipa]]'' at the [[Lake Guatavita|lake of Guatavita]]|popplace=[[Altiplano Cundiboyacense]], {{COL}}|total=14,051|total_year=2005|total_source=census|total_ref=<ref name=CensusMuisca>{{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20160604215116/http://www.sdp.gov.co/portal/page/portal/PortalSDP/SeguimientoPoliticas/Politicas%20Poblacionales/pueblosIndigenas/Tab2/Informaci%F3n%20nacional%20sobre%20acciones%20y%20procesos%20para%20pueb.pdf Total population of Muisca in Colombia: 14,051] – Ministry of Internal Affairs – accessed 21-04-2016</ref>|total2=10,000,000 Mestizo Chibcha (dipelaba)<ref>Ministerio de Cultura (2010) "Muiscas, los hijos de Bachué". Bogotá</ref>|langs=[[Jaku Chibcha|Muysccubun (Chibcha)]], [[Jaku Sepanyol Kolombia]]|rels=[[Pengarap Muiska]], [[Katolik]]|related=[[Guane people|Guane]], [[Lache people|Lache]], [[U'wa people|U'wa]], [[Tegua people|Tegua]], [[Guayupe people|Guayupe]], [[Sutagao people|Sutagao]], [[Panche people|Panche]], [[Muzo people|Muzo]]}}Raban bansa '''Muisca''' (ke mega dikumbai '''Chibcha''') nya bansa asal di Kolombia lalu nyadi budaya Pra-Columbus ari Altiplano Cundiboyacense ti numbuhka Konfederasyen Muiska sebedau Sepanyol bejajah Amerika. Raban bansa Muisca bejaku Muysccubun, jaku ari ruang bilik jaku Chibchan, ke mega dikumbai ''Muysca'' enggau ''Mosca''.<ref>{{In lang|es}} [http://muysca.cubun.org/muysccubun Muysccubun, the language of the Muisca] – Muysccubun dictionary online</ref> Penemu keterubah ke ditemu enggau orang Eropah ba kandang menua nya iya nya dalam taun 1537 maya Sepanyol ngalahka New Granada. Ba Sepanyol Baru, bala paderi enggau pemesai sivil Sepanyol meri empas ti besai ngagai Muiska, nguji deka ngaga sida nyadi Kristian lalu ngemasukka sida ngagai Empayar Sepanyol nyadi subjek.<ref>[[Jorge Gamboa Mendoza|Gamboa Mendoza, Jorge]]. ''Los muiscas y su incorporación a la monarquía castellana en el siglo XVI: Nuevas lecturas desde la Nueva Historia de la Conquista''. Tunja: Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. </ref><ref>Cobo Betancourt, Juan F. (2024). ''[[doi:10.1017/9781009314046|The Coming of the Kingdom: The Muisca, Catholic Reform, and Spanish Colonialism in the New Kingdom of Granada]]''. Open access. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9781009314053}} </ref> Budaya Muiska pengudah penaluk ngasaika ubah ti besai ketegal penumbuh Perintah Baru Granada. Bunsu penemu ungkup Muiska jauh kurang mayuh ari Empayar Aztek Mesoamerica tauka Empayar Inka enggau pengawa sida dipasukka ngagai Empayar Sepanyol maya jeman kolonial. Ba Perintah Baru Granada enggau ngagai jeman kolonial, Muisca nyadi "'raban bansa' rasmi bansa Kolombia" enggau "versyen Aztek enggau Inka ba endur nya".<ref>quoted in Cobo Betancourt, ''The Coming of the Kingdom''. 25 </ref><ref>[[Carl Henrik Langebaek|Langebaek, Carl Henrik]]. ''Los herederos del pasado : indígenas y pensamiento criollo en Colombia y Venezuela''. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes: Ediciones Uniandes 2009 </ref> Pelajar ke baru pasal Muiska ari bala arkeologi, antropologi, enggau pakar sejarah benung ngubah baru pemereti ati pasal jeman pra-hispanik enggau kolonial Muiska ke udah. jq6emkss8qnw0lny5zxlbq3imethvxf 12932 12931 2025-06-04T01:28:39Z Song GK 9 12932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group|group=Muiska|native_name={{lang|cba|Muysca}}|native_name_lang=cba|image=Gold Museum, Bogota (36145671394).jpg|image_caption=[[Rakit Muiska]] (1200–1500 CE)<br />representation of the initiation of the new ''[[zipa]]'' at the [[Lake Guatavita|lake of Guatavita]]|popplace=[[Altiplano Cundiboyacense]], {{COL}}|total=14,051|total_year=2005|total_source=census|total_ref=<ref name=CensusMuisca>{{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20160604215116/http://www.sdp.gov.co/portal/page/portal/PortalSDP/SeguimientoPoliticas/Politicas%20Poblacionales/pueblosIndigenas/Tab2/Informaci%F3n%20nacional%20sobre%20acciones%20y%20procesos%20para%20pueb.pdf Total population of Muisca in Colombia: 14,051] – Ministry of Internal Affairs – accessed 21-04-2016</ref>|total2=10,000,000 Mestizo Chibcha (dipelaba)<ref>Ministerio de Cultura (2010) "Muiscas, los hijos de Bachué". Bogotá</ref>|langs=[[Jaku Chibcha|Muysccubun (Chibcha)]], [[Jaku Sepanyol Kolombia]]|rels=[[Pengarap Muiska]], [[Katolik]]|related=[[Guane people|Guane]], [[Lache people|Lache]], [[U'wa people|U'wa]], [[Tegua people|Tegua]], [[Guayupe people|Guayupe]], [[Sutagao people|Sutagao]], [[Panche people|Panche]], [[Muzo people|Muzo]]}}Raban bansa '''Muisca''' (ke mega dikumbai '''Chibcha''') nya bansa asal di Kolombia lalu nyadi budaya Pra-Columbus ari Altiplano Cundiboyacense ti numbuhka Konfederasyen Muiska sebedau Sepanyol bejajah Amerika. Raban bansa Muisca bejaku Muysccubun, jaku ari ruang bilik jaku Chibchan, ke mega dikumbai ''Muysca'' enggau ''Mosca''.<ref>{{In lang|es}} [http://muysca.cubun.org/muysccubun Muysccubun, the language of the Muisca] – Muysccubun dictionary online</ref> Penemu keterubah ke ditemu enggau orang Eropah ba kandang menua nya iya nya dalam taun 1537 maya Sepanyol ngalahka New Granada. Ba Sepanyol Baru, bala paderi enggau pemesai sivil Sepanyol meri empas ti besai ngagai Muiska, nguji deka ngaga sida nyadi Kristian lalu ngemasukka sida ngagai Empayar Sepanyol nyadi subjek.<ref>[[Jorge Gamboa Mendoza|Gamboa Mendoza, Jorge]]. ''Los muiscas y su incorporación a la monarquía castellana en el siglo XVI: Nuevas lecturas desde la Nueva Historia de la Conquista''. Tunja: Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. </ref><ref>Cobo Betancourt, Juan F. (2024). ''[[doi:10.1017/9781009314046|The Coming of the Kingdom: The Muisca, Catholic Reform, and Spanish Colonialism in the New Kingdom of Granada]]''. Open access. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9781009314053}} </ref> Budaya Muiska pengudah penaluk ngasaika ubah ti besai ketegal penumbuh Perintah Baru Granada. Bunsu penemu ungkup Muiska jauh kurang mayuh ari Empayar Aztek Mesoamerica tauka Empayar Inka enggau pengawa sida dipasukka ngagai Empayar Sepanyol maya jeman kolonial. Ba Perintah Baru Granada enggau ngagai jeman kolonial, Muisca nyadi "'raban bansa' rasmi bansa Kolombia" enggau "versyen Aztek enggau Inka ba endur nya".<ref>quoted in Cobo Betancourt, ''The Coming of the Kingdom''. 25 </ref><ref>[[Carl Henrik Langebaek|Langebaek, Carl Henrik]]. ''Los herederos del pasado : indígenas y pensamiento criollo en Colombia y Venezuela''. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes: Ediciones Uniandes 2009 </ref> Pelajar ke baru pasal Muiska ari bala arkeologi, antropologi, enggau pakar sejarah benung ngubah baru pemereti ati pasal jeman pra-hispanik enggau kolonial Muiska ke udah. == Penyanding == {{reflist}} sy4exqqk99rt8limd37vpqrfn0c2gxk 12933 12932 2025-06-04T01:29:28Z Song GK 9 12933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group|group=Muiska|native_name={{lang|cba|Muysca}}|native_name_lang=cba|image=Gold Museum, Bogota (36145671394).jpg|image_caption=[[Rakit Muiska]] (1200–1500 CE)<br />representation of the initiation of the new ''[[zipa]]'' at the [[Lake Guatavita|lake of Guatavita]]|popplace=[[Altiplano Cundiboyacense]], {{COL}}|total=14,051|total_year=2005|total_source=census|total_ref=<ref name=CensusMuisca>{{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20160604215116/http://www.sdp.gov.co/portal/page/portal/PortalSDP/SeguimientoPoliticas/Politicas%20Poblacionales/pueblosIndigenas/Tab2/Informaci%F3n%20nacional%20sobre%20acciones%20y%20procesos%20para%20pueb.pdf Total population of Muisca in Colombia: 14,051] – Ministry of Internal Affairs – accessed 21-04-2016</ref>|total2=10,000,000 Mestizo Chibcha (dipelaba)<ref>Ministerio de Cultura (2010) "Muiscas, los hijos de Bachué". Bogotá</ref>|langs=[[Jaku Chibcha|Muysccubun (Chibcha)]], [[Jaku Sepanyol Kolombia]]|rels=[[Pengarap Muiska]], [[Katolik]]|related=[[Guane people|Guane]], [[Lache people|Lache]], [[U'wa people|U'wa]], [[Tegua people|Tegua]], [[Guayupe people|Guayupe]], [[Sutagao people|Sutagao]], [[Panche people|Panche]], [[Muzo people|Muzo]]}} Raban bansa '''Muiska''' (ke mega dikumbai '''Chibcha''') nya bansa asal di Kolombia lalu nyadi budaya Pra-Columbus ari Altiplano Cundiboyacense ti numbuhka Konfederasyen Muiska sebedau Sepanyol bejajah Amerika. Raban bansa Muisca bejaku Muysccubun, jaku ari ruang bilik jaku Chibchan, ke mega dikumbai ''Muysca'' enggau ''Mosca''.<ref>{{In lang|es}} [http://muysca.cubun.org/muysccubun Muysccubun, the language of the Muisca] – Muysccubun dictionary online</ref> Penemu keterubah ke ditemu enggau orang Eropah ba kandang menua nya iya nya dalam taun 1537 maya Sepanyol ngalahka New Granada. Ba Sepanyol Baru, bala paderi enggau pemesai sivil Sepanyol meri empas ti besai ngagai Muiska, nguji deka ngaga sida nyadi Kristian lalu ngemasukka sida ngagai Empayar Sepanyol nyadi subjek.<ref>[[Jorge Gamboa Mendoza|Gamboa Mendoza, Jorge]]. ''Los muiscas y su incorporación a la monarquía castellana en el siglo XVI: Nuevas lecturas desde la Nueva Historia de la Conquista''. Tunja: Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. </ref><ref>Cobo Betancourt, Juan F. (2024). ''[[doi:10.1017/9781009314046|The Coming of the Kingdom: The Muisca, Catholic Reform, and Spanish Colonialism in the New Kingdom of Granada]]''. Open access. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9781009314053}} </ref> Budaya Muiska pengudah penaluk ngasaika ubah ti besai ketegal penumbuh Perintah Baru Granada. Bunsu penemu ungkup Muiska jauh kurang mayuh ari Empayar Aztek Mesoamerica tauka Empayar Inka enggau pengawa sida dipasukka ngagai Empayar Sepanyol maya jeman kolonial. Ba Perintah Baru Granada enggau ngagai jeman kolonial, Muisca nyadi "'raban bansa' rasmi bansa Kolombia" enggau "versyen Aztek enggau Inka ba endur nya".<ref>quoted in Cobo Betancourt, ''The Coming of the Kingdom''. 25 </ref><ref>[[Carl Henrik Langebaek|Langebaek, Carl Henrik]]. ''Los herederos del pasado : indígenas y pensamiento criollo en Colombia y Venezuela''. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes: Ediciones Uniandes 2009 </ref> Pelajar ke baru pasal Muiska ari bala arkeologi, antropologi, enggau pakar sejarah benung ngubah baru pemereti ati pasal jeman pra-hispanik enggau kolonial Muiska ke udah. == Penyanding == {{reflist}} 6otvw2w3q7fn1fq1la8d9f2sd3egvxx 10 3807 12934 2025-06-04T01:30:53Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Kolombia | flag alias = Flag of Colombia.svg | flag alias-1861 = Flag of Colombia (WFB 2013).gif | flag alias-2004 = Flag of Colombia (2004 World Factbook).gif | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Colombia.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Colombia.svg | link alias-naval = Colombian National Navy | flag alias-army = Flag of the Colombian Army.svg | link alias-army = Colombian National...' 12934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Kolombia | flag alias = Flag of Colombia.svg | flag alias-1861 = Flag of Colombia (WFB 2013).gif | flag alias-2004 = Flag of Colombia (2004 World Factbook).gif | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Colombia.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Colombia.svg | link alias-naval = Colombian National Navy | flag alias-army = Flag of the Colombian Army.svg | link alias-army = Colombian National Army | flag alias-air force = Flag of the Colombian Air Force.svg | link alias-air force = Colombian Aerospace Force | flag alias-marines=Flag of the Colombian Naval Infantry.svg | link alias-marines=Colombian Naval Infantry | link alias-navy = Colombian National Navy | flag alias-navy = Flag of the Colombian Navy.svg | flag alias-military = Military flag of Colombia.svg | link alias-military = Military Forces of Colombia | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1861 | var2 = 2004 | var3 = civil | redir1 = COL </noinclude> }} bdt7usggc8tkpwdx1t6ulixywzb5t34 10 3808 12935 2025-06-04T01:31:51Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{#invoke:flag||Kolombia}}<noinclude> {{flag template documentation|Colombia|COL|COL|COL}} </noinclude>' 12935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:flag||Kolombia}}<noinclude> {{flag template documentation|Colombia|COL|COL|COL}} </noinclude> 5dadhmt1lun6outi7aj2cxv5jr19c4d 0 3809 12936 2025-06-04T01:46:10Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1292947031|Chibcha language]] " 12936 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jaku Chibcha''', '''Moska''', '''Muiska''',{{Sfn|Uricoechea|1854}} '''Muysla''' (*/ˈmɨska/ *[ˈmʷɨska] {{Sfn|González de Pérez|2006}}), tauka '''Muysca de Bogotá''' {{Sfn|Gómez|2020}} nya jaku ti dikena bansa [[Muiska]], siti ari mayuh budaya asal Amerika. Raban bansa Muiska diau ba menua [[Kolombia]] kemaya tu. Nama jaku '''''Muysc cubun''''' dalam jaku iya empu mai reti “jaku orang mayuh”, ari ''muysca'' (“orang”) enggau ''cubun'' (“jaku” tauka “leka jaku”). Taja pan jaku tu udah lenyau ba abad ke-17 (kira-kira), sekeda proses ngidupka baru jaku benung dipejalaika dalam komuniti Muiska kemaya tu. Raban bansa Muiska mengkang bebida etnik lalu komuniti sida diaku menua Colombia.<ref>[https://www.radionacional.co/cultura/las-raices-muiscas-que-sobreviven-en-suba Las raíces muiscas que sobreviven en Suba]. </ref> Bala pakar ti beguna ti udah meri bantu ngagai penemu jaku Muiska nyengkaum Juan de Castellanos, Bernardo de Lugo, José Domingo Duquesne enggau Ezequiel Uricoechea. == Klasifikasyen == Jaku Muysca tu sebagi ari ruang bilik linguistik Chibcha, ti lalu masuk dalam perugan makro-Chibchan. Ruang bilik linguistik Chibcha nyengkaum sekeda jaku asal Amerika Tengah enggau Barat Laut Amerika Selatan. === Banding enggau jaku Chibcha ke bukai === {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Muysc cubun ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Duit<small>Boyacá</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Uwa<br /><small>Boyacá<br />N. </small><small>de Santander<br />Arauca</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Barí<br /><small>N. </small><small>de Santander</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Chimila<br /><small>Cesar<br />Magdalena</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Kogui<br /><small>S.</small><small>N. de<nowiki><br></nowiki>Santa Marta</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Guna<br /><small>Darién Gap</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Guaymí<br /><small>[[Panama]]<br /><br />Costa Rica</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Boruca<br /><small>Costa Rica</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Maléku<br /><small>Costa Rica</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Rama<br /><small>Nicaragua</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Jaku Iban ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Nota |- | style="text-align:left" |chie | style="text-align:center" |tia | style="text-align:center" |siʔ | style="text-align:center" |chibai | style="text-align:center" |má | style="text-align:center" |saka | style="text-align:center" |sö | style="text-align:center" |sö | style="text-align:center" |tebej | style="text-align:center" |tlijii | style="text-align:center" |tukan | style="text-align:center" |bulan | style="text-align:center" |{{small|<ref>{{in lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. Gómez, Diego F. 2009–2017 [http://muysca.cubun.org/chie(2) Muysccubun: ''chie'']</ref><ref>Casimilas Rojas, 2005, p. 250</ref><ref>Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1947, p. 30</ref><ref>Quesada & Rojas, 1999, p. 93</ref>}} |- | style="text-align:left" |ata | style="text-align:center" |atia | style="text-align:center" |úbistia | style="text-align:center" |intok | style="text-align:center" |ti-tasu/nyé | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |kwati | style="text-align:center" |éˇxi | style="text-align:center" |dooka | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |satu | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. </ref> |- | style="text-align:left" |muysca | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |dary | style="text-align:center" |tsá | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |ngäbe | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |ochápaká | style="text-align:center" |nkiikna | style="text-align:center" |orang | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. </ref> |- | style="text-align:left" |aba | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |eba | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |á | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |jagung | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. </ref> |- | style="text-align:left" |pquyquy | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |tò | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |jantung | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. </ref> |- | style="text-align:left" |bcasqua | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |yút | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |purkwe | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |parai | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. </ref> |- | style="text-align:left" |uê | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |háta | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |ju | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |uu | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |rumah | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. </ref> |- | style="text-align:left" |cho | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |mex | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |morén | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |manah | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. </ref> |- | style="text-align:left" |zihita | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |yén | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |pek-pen | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |pamak | style="text-align:center" |<ref name="Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1947, p. 36" /><ref>{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. </ref> |- |} == Penyanding == {{Reflist|20em}} eqb61ecgk5cjk0456hucwkvtucg2wbq 12937 12936 2025-06-04T01:47:25Z Song GK 9 12937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Chibcha | altname = Muisca, Muysca | nativename = {{Transliteration|chb|Muysc cubun}} | pronunciation = {{IPA|*[mʷɨsk kuβun]}} | region = [[Altiplano Cundiboyacense]] | state = [[Colombia]] | map = Chibcha lang.png | mapcaption = Chibchan languages. Chibcha itself is spoken in the southernmost area, in central Colombia | ethnicity = [[Muisca people|Muisca]] | extinct = 18th century<ref>{{cite book|last=Ardila|first=Olga|year=2016|title=El muysca y la muerte de las lenguas|publisher=en 'Muysca: Memoria y presencia'. Universidad Nacional de Colombia|quote=Finally, in the 18th century, a new linguistic policy prohibited the use of indigenous languages and imposed the use of Spanish, according to a royal decree of 1770 from Charles III. This policy sought to achieve "that the different languages used in all domains become extinct and only Spanish is spoken. '''By this time, Muysca was already considered an extinct language'''}} (Ardila, 2016:264) :"...the languages with a higher level of contact and greater recognition are more vulnerable, as was the case of the Muysca language, with a significant population at the arrival of the Spanish, and '''which has been extinct since the 18th century''', despite having been recognized and taught as a general language." (Ardila, 2016: 274-275) (Original text in Spanish).</ref> | speakers = No known native speakers<ref>{{cite web|url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/chib1270|title=According to Glotolog it is an extinct language}} Linguists Adolfo Constenla (1984), María González (1987, 2006) and Adelaar (2007) also consider it an extinct language.</ref> | ref = linglist | familycolor = American | fam1 = [[Chibchan languages|Chibchan]] | fam2 = Kuna-Colombian | fam3 = | dialects = [[Duit language|Duit]] | script = only [[Muisca numerals|numerals]] | iso2 = chb | iso3 = chb | glotto = chib1270 | glottorefname = Chibcha | notice = IPA | revived = at least 150 speakers {{citation needed|date=April 2025}} }} '''Jaku Chibcha''', '''Moska''', '''Muiska''',{{Sfn|Uricoechea|1854}} '''Muysla''' (*/ˈmɨska/ *[ˈmʷɨska] {{Sfn|González de Pérez|2006}}), tauka '''Muysca de Bogotá''' {{Sfn|Gómez|2020}} nya jaku ti dikena bansa [[Muiska]], siti ari mayuh budaya asal Amerika. Raban bansa Muiska diau ba menua [[Kolombia]] kemaya tu. Nama jaku '''''Muysc cubun''''' dalam jaku iya empu mai reti “jaku orang mayuh”, ari ''muysca'' (“orang”) enggau ''cubun'' (“jaku” tauka “leka jaku”). Taja pan jaku tu udah lenyau ba abad ke-17 (kira-kira), sekeda proses ngidupka baru jaku benung dipejalaika dalam komuniti Muiska kemaya tu. Raban bansa Muiska mengkang bebida etnik lalu komuniti sida diaku menua Colombia.<ref>[https://www.radionacional.co/cultura/las-raices-muiscas-que-sobreviven-en-suba Las raíces muiscas que sobreviven en Suba]. </ref> Bala pakar ti beguna ti udah meri bantu ngagai penemu jaku Muiska nyengkaum Juan de Castellanos, Bernardo de Lugo, José Domingo Duquesne enggau Ezequiel Uricoechea. == Klasifikasyen == Jaku Muysca tu sebagi ari ruang bilik linguistik Chibcha, ti lalu masuk dalam perugan makro-Chibchan. Ruang bilik linguistik Chibcha nyengkaum sekeda jaku asal Amerika Tengah enggau Barat Laut Amerika Selatan. === Banding enggau jaku Chibcha ke bukai === {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Muysc cubun ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Duit<small>Boyacá</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Uwa<br /><small>Boyacá<br />N. </small><small>de Santander<br />Arauca</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Barí<br /><small>N. </small><small>de Santander</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Chimila<br /><small>Cesar<br />Magdalena</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Kogui<br /><small>S.</small><small>N. de<nowiki><br></nowiki>Santa Marta</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Guna<br /><small>Darién Gap</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Guaymí<br /><small>[[Panama]]<br /><br />Costa Rica</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Boruca<br /><small>Costa Rica</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Maléku<br /><small>Costa Rica</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Rama<br /><small>Nicaragua</small> ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Jaku Iban ! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |Nota |- | style="text-align:left" |chie | style="text-align:center" |tia | style="text-align:center" |siʔ | style="text-align:center" |chibai | style="text-align:center" |má | style="text-align:center" |saka | style="text-align:center" |sö | style="text-align:center" |sö | style="text-align:center" |tebej | style="text-align:center" |tlijii | style="text-align:center" |tukan | style="text-align:center" |bulan | style="text-align:center" |{{small|<ref>{{in lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. Gómez, Diego F. 2009–2017 [http://muysca.cubun.org/chie(2) Muysccubun: ''chie'']</ref><ref>Casimilas Rojas, 2005, p. 250</ref><ref>Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1947, p. 30</ref><ref>Quesada & Rojas, 1999, p. 93</ref>}} |- | style="text-align:left" |ata | style="text-align:center" |atia | style="text-align:center" |úbistia | style="text-align:center" |intok | style="text-align:center" |ti-tasu/nyé | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |kwati | style="text-align:center" |éˇxi | style="text-align:center" |dooka | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |satu | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. </ref> |- | style="text-align:left" |muysca | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |dary | style="text-align:center" |tsá | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |ngäbe | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |ochápaká | style="text-align:center" |nkiikna | style="text-align:center" |orang | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. </ref> |- | style="text-align:left" |aba | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |eba | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |á | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |jagung | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. </ref> |- | style="text-align:left" |pquyquy | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |tò | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |jantung | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. </ref> |- | style="text-align:left" |bcasqua | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |yút | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |purkwe | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |parai | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. </ref> |- | style="text-align:left" |uê | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |háta | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |ju | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |uu | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |rumah | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. </ref> |- | style="text-align:left" |cho | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |mex | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |morén | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |manah | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. </ref> |- | style="text-align:left" |zihita | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |yén | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |pek-pen | style="text-align:center" | | style="text-align:center" |pamak | style="text-align:center" |<ref name="Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1947, p. 36" /><ref>{{In lang|es}} ''Diccionario muysca – español''. </ref> |- |} == Penyanding == {{Reflist|20em}} 5gh3oi4dwvv5g6dd9cdy32sat17jxve 0 3810 12939 2025-06-04T22:55:06Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1293965551|Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat]] " 12939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty|name={{nobold|{{small| [[Most Reverend|The Most Reverend]]}}}}<br /> Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat|image=JLSerranoP.jpg|caption=Potret rasmi, 2024|image_size=|succession=[[Putera Begulai Andorra]]|reign=31 Mei 2025 – diatu|reg-type=Putera Begulai|regent=[[Emmanuel Macron]]|predecessor=[[Joan Enric Vives i Sicília]]|module={{Infobox Christian leader |embed = yes |title = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell|Bishop of Urgell]] |see = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell|Urgell]] |appointed = 12 July 2024 (Coadjutor) |term_start = 31 May 2025 |predecessor = [[Joan Enric Vives i Sicília]] |ended = |ordination = 21 April 2002 |ordained_by = Xavier Salinas i Vinyals |consecration = 21 September 2024 |consecrated_by = [[Edgar Peña Parra]] |rank = |previous_post = Coadjutor Bishop of Urgell (2024–2025) |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|3|19|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Tivissa]], Catalonia, Spain |death_date = |death_place = |religion = [[Gerija Katolik]] |motto = |coat_of_arms = [[File:Coat of arms of Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat.svg|140px]] |parents = }}}} '''Josep-Luís Serrano Pentinat''' (ada 19 Mac 1977) iya nya siku prelat [[Gerija Katolik]] ari Sepanyol ke benung mangku pengawa nyadi Bishop Urgell enggau ''ex officio'' Putera Begulai episkopal Andorra kenyau ari taun 2025. Serrano gawa dalam servis diplomatik Panggau Tuchi ari taun 2012 ngagai 2024. == Pengidup tumu == Serrano ada kena 19 Mac 1977 di Tivissa, provinsi Tarragona, Catalonia, Sepanyol.<ref name="VN20240712">{{Cite news|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2024-07/from-the-secretariat-of-state-to-spain-monsignor-serrano.html|newspaper=[[Vatican News]]|title=From Secretariat of State to Spain: Msgr Serrano named Coadjutor Bishop of Urgell|date=12 July 2024}} </ref> Iya landik bejaku Catalan, [[Jaku Sepanyol|Sepanyol]], [[Jaku Peranchis|Peranchis]], [[Jaku Inggeris|Inggeris]], [[Jaku Itali|Itali]] enggau [[Jaku Portugis|Portugis]].<ref name="quies">{{Cite news|url=https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/ca/qui-es-josep-lluis-serrano-pentinat|newspaper={{ill|Catalunya Religió|ca}}|title=Qui és Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat?|date=12 July 2024|trans-title=Who is Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat?|language=Catalan}} </ref> Iya masuk seminari mit di Tortosa maya umur 14 taun, udah nya masuk seminari besai dalam taun 1995.<ref name="succession">{{Cite news|newspaper=Catalunya Religió|trans-title=The Vatican resolves the succession in Urgell and Andorra with the Catalan diplomat Josep-Lluís Serrano|language=Catalan|date=12 July 2024|title=El Vaticà resol la successió a Urgell i Andorra amb el diplomàtic català Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat|url=https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/ca/vatica-resol-successio-urgell-andorra-diplomatic}} </ref> Iya belajar ba Fakulti Teknologi Katalonia di Barcelona lalu nerima ijazah Sarjana Muda Teologi dalam taun 2001.<ref name="vatbio">{{cite press release|publisher=Holy See Press Office|date=12 July 2024|access-date=21 September 2024|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2024/07/12/240712b.html|title=Resignations and Appointments, 12.07.2024}}</ref> Serrano dichiri nyadi diakon dalam taun 2001 lalu mangku pengawa nya ba parish Assumption of Mary di Amposta pengelama setaun. Kena 21 April 2002, iya dichiri nyadi paderi ulih Bishop Xavier Salinas i Vinyals ba Katedral Tortosa.<ref name="quies" /> Serrano kala nyadi paderi ba tiga bengkah gerija menua pesisir, iya nya Palma d’Ebre, Bisbal Montsant enggau Margalef, kenyau taun 2002 ngagai 2005. Iya belajar teologi dogmatik ba Universiti Pontifikal Gregorian ari taun 2005 ngagai 2007 lalu bulih gelar lisin dalam taun 2007. Pulai ngagai Tortosa, iya nyadi paderi ba parish Sant Andreu enggau Sant Pere, ke sama-sama ba kandang mengeri Vandellòs i l’Hospital de l’Infant. Kenyau taun 2008 ngagai 2009, iya mega kala nyadi moderator Unit Pengibun Costa Nord. Iya kala nyadi pengelicha ba Seminari Besai Tortosa kenyau taun 2007 ngagai 2009. Serrano belajar ba Akademi Eklisia Paus di Rome ari taun 2009 ngagai 2012, ba Universiti Lateran Paus, ke alai iya nerima lisin dalam undang-undang kanon dalam taun 2011, lalu ba Universiti Paus Gregorian, ke alai iya nerima gelar lutur dalam teologi dogmatik 2012, enggau pengawa ''SPalabra Sacramento y Karisma: La eclesiologia de E. Corecco''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Serrano Pentinat, Josep-Lluís |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IGNJCQAAQBAJ |title=Palabra Sacramento y Carisma: La eclesiologia de E. Corecco |publisher=Pontificia università Gregoriana |year=2012 |isbn=9788878392298 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> == Pengawa == === Pengawa diplomatik === Serrano kala nyadi sekretari Nunsia Mozambik ari taun 2012 ngagai 2016. Iya udah nya mangku pengawa nyadi sekretari Nunsia di Nicaragua ari taun 2016 ngagai 2017 Nunsia di Brazil ari taun 2017 ngagai 2019. Dalam taun 2019, iya nyadi kaunselor Seksyen Pekara Besai Sekretariat Nengeri lalu ba taun 2024 nyadi sekretari peribadi ngagai Bishop Besai Edgar Peña Parra, Penganti Sekretari Negeri.<ref name="consecration">{{cite news|publisher=Vatican News|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/it/vaticano/news/2024-09/pena-parra-urgell-ordinazione-episcopale-monsignor-serrano.html|language=it|access-date=21 September 2024|date=24 September 2024|title=Peña Parra: ogni vescovo è evangelizzatore, annunciare Dio in un mondo distratto}} </ref> === Biskop Urgell enggau Putera Begulai Andorra (2025–diatu) === Kena 12 Julai 2024, [[Paus Francis|Pope Francis]] nyiri Serrano nyadi bishop koadjustur Diosis Urgell. Reti nya, lebuh Joan Enric Vives i Sicília badu mangku pengawa, Serrano deka nyadi Bishop Urgell lalu ketegal nya nyadi Putera Begulai Andorra.<ref name="coppen">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/pope-names-next-prince-bishop-of|website=[[The Pillar]]|title=Pope names next prince-bishop of Andorra|date=12 July 2024|last=Coppen|first=Luke|access-date=21 September 2024}}</ref> Pengawa nyiri iya ngujungka spekulasyen dalam suratberita menua nya ti madahka sebuah diosis nyangka deka ditumbuhka ungkup Andorra aja tauka ubah ba pengawa biskop nyadi putera begulai diperambu.<ref name="coppen" /> Iya nerima pengawa nyadi bishop kena 21 September ari Bishop Besai Edgar Peña Parra. Kena 31 Mei 2025, Serrano nyadi Bishop Urgell enggau putera begulai Andorra berindik ari penerima [[Paus Leo XIV]] pengawa ngelengka pangku pengawa Vives.<ref>{{Cite press release|title=Resignations and Appointments, 31.05.2025|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2025/05/31/250531b.html|language=en|date=31 May 2025|publisher=Holy See Press Office|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531123639/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2025/05/31/250531b.html|archive-date=31 May 2025|access-date=31 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-31|title=El Vaticà accepta la dimissió de Vives i Serrano pren possessió com a nou Copríncep episcopal|url=https://elperiodic.ad/societat/josep-lluis-serrano-pentinat-pren-possessio-com-a-nou-coprincep-episcopal-dandorra/|access-date=2025-06-04|website=El Periòdic|language=ca}}</ref> == Penyanding == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} cl1wgl9ghyikcrcbmgthud4vnjtpzl4 828 3811 12940 2025-06-04T23:23:08Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan 'require('strict') local p = {} --[[======================================================]] --[[ Format validation functions ]] --[[======================================================]] function p.botanistV(id) return mw.ustring.match(id,"^[%u%l%d%. '-]+$") end -- NCDA: NOID Check Digit Algorithm; see [[wikipedia:Check digit#NCDA]] local ncda -- leave this as a local since NCDA is commonly used among ARK identifiers and co...' 12940 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} --[[======================================================]] --[[ Format validation functions ]] --[[======================================================]] function p.botanistV(id) return mw.ustring.match(id,"^[%u%l%d%. '-]+$") end -- NCDA: NOID Check Digit Algorithm; see [[wikipedia:Check digit#NCDA]] local ncda -- leave this as a local since NCDA is commonly used among ARK identifiers and could be useful for validating other identifiers later do -- initialize these constants only once but scope them in a block so local namespace doesn't get cluttered with these local r29s = [[0123456789bcdfghjkmnpqrstvwxz]] -- radix 29 "betanumeric" digit string local r29n = r29s:len() local r29v2d, r29d2v = {}, {} for i = 1, r29n do local v, d = i-1, r29s:sub(i, i) r29v2d[v], r29d2v[d] = d, v end function ncda(sid) local n, sum = sid:len(), 0 for i = 1, n do sum = sum + i * (r29d2v[sid:sub(i, i)] or 0) end return r29v2d[sum % r29n] end end function p.validateBNF(id) local FRBNF = id:sub(1, -2) return FRBNF:match('^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') ~= nil and ncda('cb'..FRBNF) == id:sub(-1) and id end function p.validateIsni(id) --Validate ISNI (and ORCID) and returns it as a 16 characters string or returns false if it's invalid. See http://support.orcid.org/knowledgebase/articles/116780-structure-of-the-orcid-identifier id = id:gsub( '[ %-]', '' ):upper() if not id:match( '^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d[%dX]$' ) then return false end local total = 0 for i = 1, 15 do local digit = id:byte( i ) - 48 --Get integer value total = (total + digit) * 2 end local remainder = total % 11 local result = (12 - remainder) % 11 local checkdigit if result == 10 then checkdigit = 'X' else checkdigit=tostring( result ) end if checkdigit ~= string.char( id:byte( 16 ) ) then return false end return id end function p.orcidV(id) id = p.validateIsni(id) if not id then return false end return id:sub( 1, 4 )..'-'..id:sub( 5, 8 )..'-'..id:sub( 9, 12 )..'-'..id:sub( 13, 16 ) end function p.tlsV(id) id = id:gsub(' +', '_') local idlen = mw.ustring.len(id) if idlen < 4 or idlen > 90 then return false end local regex = '^%u'..string.rep("[%w_',%.%-%(%)%*%/–&]", idlen - 1)..'$' if not mw.ustring.match(id,regex ) then return false end return id end --[[======================================================]] --[[ Custom link functions ]] --[[======================================================]] function p.ISILlink(id,label) if not id:match('^%D%D?%D?%D?%-.+$') then return false end for _, prefix in ipairs({'AT', 'AU', 'BE', 'CA', 'CH', 'DE', 'FI', 'FR', 'IT', 'KR', 'NZ', 'US', 'ZDB'}) do if id:match('^'..prefix..'%-') then return '[https://w3id.org/isil/'..id..' ' .. (label or 'ISIL') .. ']' end end return '[[International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations|ISIL]]: ' .. id end function p.uscgLink(id) local id2 = id:match( '^[1-7]%-%d%d?%d?%d?%d?$' ) or id:match( '^[1-7]%-%d%d?%d?%d?%d?%.%d*[1-9]$' ) if id2 then return '[https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/lightlists/LightList%20V'..mw.ustring.sub(id2,1,1)..'.pdf '..id2..']' else return false end end function p.ccg(id) id = id:match('^[NAIP]?[1-9]%d*$') or id:match('^[NAIP]?[1-9]%d*%.%d+$') if not id then return false end local link = 'https://www.notmar.gc.ca/' local prefix = string.sub(id, 1, 1) -- get first character of id local suffix = string.sub(id, 2) -- remove first character of id local interval = require('Module:Interval')._main local v if prefix=='N' then local int = interval({1, 7.5, 14.4, 100, 121, 173, 211, 235, 269.99, 326, 396, 450.1, 471.7, 499, n=suffix}) if int=='1-2' then v = 1 elseif int=='2-3' then v = 75 elseif int=='3-4' then v = 144 elseif int=='4-5' then v = 100 elseif int=='5-6' then v = 121 elseif int=='6-7' then v = 173 elseif int=='7-8' then v = 211 elseif int=='8-9' then v = 235 elseif int=='9-10' then v = 26999 elseif int=='10-11' then v = 326 elseif int=='11-12' then v = 396 elseif int=='12-13' then v = 4501 elseif int=='13-14' then v = 4717 elseif int=='14-15' then v = 499 end link = link .. 'publications/list-lights/newfoundland/n' .. v .. '-en' elseif prefix=='A' then local int = interval({5, 114.5, 145, 163, 268, 271, 301.5, 327, 686.5, 704.85, 883.2, 942, 1085, 1169.1, 1584.5, 1773, 1823.55, 2190, 2369, 2389, n=suffix}) if int=='1-2' then v = 5 elseif int=='2-3' then v = 1145 elseif int=='3-4' then v = 145 elseif int=='4-5' then v = 162 elseif int=='5-6' then v = 268 elseif int=='6-7' then v = 271 elseif int=='7-8' then v = 3015 elseif int=='8-9' then v = 327 elseif int=='9-10' then v = 6865 elseif int=='10-11' then v = 7048 elseif int=='11-12' then v = 883 elseif int=='12-13' then v = 942 elseif int=='13-14' then v = 1085 elseif int=='14-15' then v = 11691 elseif int=='15-16' then v = 15845 elseif int=='16-17' then v = 1773 elseif int=='17-18' then v = 182355 elseif int=='18-19' then v = 2190 elseif int=='19-20' then v = 2369 elseif int=='20-21' then v = 2389 end link = link .. 'publications/list-lights/atl/a' .. v .. '-en' elseif prefix=='I' then local int = interval({0.05, 401.1, 403.4, 551.06, 552, 624, 708, 731.2, 768, 814, 983, 1046, 1059.6, 1082, 1162, 1204.7, 1233.3, 1328, 1330, 1346.2, 1377.8, 1408, 1410, 1420, 1445, 1470, 1520, 1534, 1540.6, 1554, 1557.7, 1558.8, 1563.1, 1625.5, 1671.7, 1716.96, 2545, n=suffix}) if int=='1-2' then v = '01' elseif int=='2-3' then v = 4011 elseif int=='3-4' then v = 4034 elseif int=='4-5' then v = 55106 elseif int=='5-6' then v = 552 elseif int=='6-7' then v = 624 elseif int=='7-8' then v = 708 elseif int=='8-9' then v = 7312 elseif int=='9-10' then v = 768 elseif int=='10-11' then v = 814 elseif int=='11-12' then v = 983 elseif int=='12-13' then v = 1046 elseif int=='13-14' then v = 10596 elseif int=='14-15' then v = 1082 elseif int=='15-16' then v = 1162 elseif int=='16-17' then v = 12047 elseif int=='17-18' then v = 12333 elseif int=='18-19' then v = 1328 elseif int=='19-20' then v = 1330 elseif int=='20-21' then v = 13462 elseif int=='21-22' then v = 13778 elseif int=='22-23' then v = 1408 elseif int=='23-24' then v = 1410 elseif int=='24-25' then v = 1420 elseif int=='25-26' then v = 1445 elseif int=='26-27' then v = 1470 elseif int=='27-28' then v = 1520 elseif int=='28-29' then v = 1534 elseif int=='29-30' then v = 15406 elseif int=='30-31' then v = 1554 elseif int=='31-32' then v = 15577 elseif int=='32-33' then v = 15588 elseif int=='33-34' then v = 1562 elseif int=='34-35' then v = 16255 elseif int=='35-36' then v = 16717 elseif int=='36-37' then v = 171696 elseif int=='37-38' then v = 2545 end link = link .. 'publications/list-lights/inland-waters/i' .. v .. '-en' elseif prefix=='P' then link = link .. 'publications/list-lights/pac/p' else link = link .. 'list-lights' end return '[[CCG (identifier)|CCG]]: [' .. link .. ' ' .. id .. ']' end return p mgku9gzaar8u6cdkjptv9kfkm0wsqrc 0 3812 12943 2025-06-05T02:07:19Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1293782169|World Environment Day]] " 12943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox holiday|holiday_name=Hari Rampa Menua Sedunya|type=International|image=Ecologia.jpg|official_name=Hari Rampa Menua Sedunya GBB|nickname=Eco Day, Environment Day, WED (world environment day)|significance=Environmental issues awareness|duration=1 hari|date=5 Jun|scheduling=hari sama ninting taun|firsttime={{start date and age|df=yes|5 June 1972}}|observances=Pengintu rampa menua}} [[Fail:Indian_Navy_-_World_Environment_Day_-_2016_(1).jpg|thumb| Hari Rampa Menua Sedunya di India]] '''Hari Rampa Menua Sedunya''' diintu ninting taun kena 5 Jun lalu meransang penyedar enggau pengawa dikena nyaga rampa menua. Pengerami tu disukung mayuh gerempung ukai dikuasa perintah, dagang, entiti perintah, lalu ngarika hari keterubah [[Gerempung Bansa Beserakup]] ti nyukung rampa menua.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/global-actions-world-environment-day-underscore-urgent-need-protect|title=Global actions on World Environment Day underscore urgent need to protect the planet|date=June 5, 2022|publisher=United Nations|access-date=December 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.charities.org/news/world-environment-day-2021|title=World Environment Day 2021|date=May 28, 2021|publisher=America's Charities|access-date=December 16, 2022}}</ref> Keterubah iya diatur dalam taun 1973, iya udah nyadi pelasar dikena ngangkatka penyedar pasal isu rampa menua baka pengamah tasik, penyampau tubuh kelalu mayuh, pengangat dunya, pemansang ti meruan enggau pengawa jai bekaul jelu siga.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Telephone Conference for World Environment Day - Part 1|url=https://www.unmultimedia.org/avlibrary/asset/2685/2685566|date=Jun 5, 1973|first1=Jomo|last1=Kenyatta|first2=Kurt|last2=Waldheim|first3=Maurice F.|last3=Strong|first4=Olof|last4=Palme|access-date=2022-06-07|website=United Nations UN Audiovisual Library}}</ref> Hari Rampa Menua Sedunya nyadi pelasar global ungkup pengerembai ngagai bala mayuh, enggau penyereta ari lebih 143 bengkah menua ninting taun, nyengkaum penyereta ari [[Argentina]], [[Australia]], [[Austria]], [[Brazil]], [[Kanada]], [[Chile]], [[Denmark]], [[Finland]], [[Peranchis]], [[Jereman]], [[India]], [[Israel]], [[Itali]], [[Jipun]], [[Mexico]], [[Belanda]], [[Norway]], [[Filipina]], [[Poland]], [[Afrika Selatan]], [[Sepanyol]], [[Switzerland]], [[Thailand]] enggau [[Amerika Serikat]].<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ninting taun, program tu udah nyendiaka tema enggau forum ungkup orang dagang, gerempung ukai dikuasa perintah, komuniti, orang politik enggau bintang dikena ngemeranka pengawa rampa menua.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=World Environment Day|url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/environment-day|access-date=3 June 2020|website=United Nations|archive-date=5 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605092940/https://www.un.org/en/observances/environment-day|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=3 June 2020|title=World Environment Day 2020: Theme, History, Quotes, Celebration|url=https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/world-environment-day-2020-history-theme-quotes/|access-date=4 June 2020|website=S A NEWS|archive-date=5 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605092947/https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/world-environment-day-2020-history-theme-quotes/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Penyanding == {{Reflist}} mto2nvvttynyg0lzchajwd968ekxwv9 12944 12943 2025-06-05T02:08:00Z Song GK 9 12944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox holiday|holiday_name=Hari Rampa Menua Sedunya|type=International|image=Ecologia.jpg|official_name=Hari Rampa Menua Sedunya GBB|nickname=Eco Day, Environment Day, WED (world environment day)|significance=Environmental issues awareness|duration=1 hari|date=5 Jun|scheduling=hari sama ninting taun|firsttime={{start date and age|df=yes|5 June 1972}}|observances=Pengintu rampa menua}} [[Fail:Indian_Navy_-_World_Environment_Day_-_2016_(1).jpg|thumb| Hari Rampa Menua Sedunya di India]] '''Hari Rampa Menua Sedunya''' diintu ninting taun kena 5 Jun lalu meransang penyedar enggau pengawa dikena nyaga rampa menua. Pengerami tu disukung mayuh gerempung ukai dikuasa perintah, dagang, entiti perintah, lalu ngarika hari keterubah [[Gerempung Bansa Beserakup]] ti nyukung rampa menua.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/global-actions-world-environment-day-underscore-urgent-need-protect|title=Global actions on World Environment Day underscore urgent need to protect the planet|date=June 5, 2022|publisher=United Nations|access-date=December 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.charities.org/news/world-environment-day-2021|title=World Environment Day 2021|date=May 28, 2021|publisher=America's Charities|access-date=December 16, 2022}}</ref> Keterubah iya diatur dalam taun 1973, iya udah nyadi pelasar dikena ngangkatka penyedar pasal isu rampa menua baka pengamah tasik, penyampau tubuh kelalu mayuh, pengangat dunya, pemansang ti meruan enggau pengawa jai bekaul jelu siga.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Telephone Conference for World Environment Day - Part 1|url=https://www.unmultimedia.org/avlibrary/asset/2685/2685566|date=Jun 5, 1973|first1=Jomo|last1=Kenyatta|first2=Kurt|last2=Waldheim|first3=Maurice F.|last3=Strong|first4=Olof|last4=Palme|access-date=2022-06-07|website=United Nations UN Audiovisual Library}}</ref> Hari Rampa Menua Sedunya nyadi pelasar global ungkup pengerembai ngagai bala mayuh, enggau penyereta ari lebih 143 bengkah menua ninting taun, nyengkaum penyereta ari [[Argentina]], [[Australia]], [[Austria]], [[Brazil]], [[Kanada]], [[Chile]], [[Denmark]], [[Finland]], [[Peranchis]], [[Jereman]], [[India]], [[Israel]], [[Itali]], [[Jipun]], [[Mexico]], [[Belanda]], [[Norway]], [[Filipina]], [[Poland]], [[Afrika Selatan]], [[Sepanyol]], [[Switzerland]], [[Thailand]] enggau [[Amerika Serikat]]. Ninting taun, program tu udah nyendiaka tema enggau forum ungkup orang dagang, gerempung ukai dikuasa perintah, komuniti, orang politik enggau bintang dikena ngemeranka pengawa rampa menua.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=World Environment Day|url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/environment-day|access-date=3 June 2020|website=United Nations|archive-date=5 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605092940/https://www.un.org/en/observances/environment-day|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=3 June 2020|title=World Environment Day 2020: Theme, History, Quotes, Celebration|url=https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/world-environment-day-2020-history-theme-quotes/|access-date=4 June 2020|website=S A NEWS|archive-date=5 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605092947/https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/world-environment-day-2020-history-theme-quotes/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Penyanding == {{Reflist}} bvdtpcamrp3jblt36if50a5s8ldwg0x 0 3813 12946 2025-06-05T02:27:25Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan ''''Engkerumung''' nya bagi ari tabuh ke nyadu sebansa perengka muzik asal bansa Iban. Engkerumung bisi tujuh tauka lapan iti tawak mit.' 12946 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Engkerumung''' nya bagi ari tabuh ke nyadu sebansa perengka muzik asal bansa Iban. Engkerumung bisi tujuh tauka lapan iti tawak mit. 352fvcyn9fqhu8z7pxm4thzo22m9dqw 12947 12946 2025-06-05T02:28:40Z Song GK 9 12947 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Engkerumung''' nya bagi ari tabuh ke nyadu sebansa perengka muzik asal bansa Iban. Engkerumung bisi tujuh tauka lapan iti bebendai mit. flaao8rcg8w8g2bckmry3jpojzxnp3v