Wikipedia ibawiki https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambar_Keterubah MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.4 first-letter Media Spesyel Randau Penggena Randau penggena Wikipedia Randau Wikipedia Fail Randau fail MediaWiki Randau MediaWiki Templat Randau templat Bantu Randau bantu Kategori Randau kategori TimedText TimedText talk Modul Randau modul Acara Perbincangan acara 0 1299 13013 8107 2025-06-12T05:15:17Z 49.228.50.133 Nok 13013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Abouth ali|negeri baamerika Serikatappre}} {{Infobox U.S. state | Limage_flagolo = Flag of California.svg | flagoogoli_alt = The flag shows a red stripe onothe bottomagin a white field, with a redonostaron athe topongoleft in the cantonokm. In the center, a grizzlyatbear is onotop of a mound of greenograss omover the white field. Beloweniat, text readsos"CALIFORNIA REPUBLIC" in a Seal icolore | name = Californialab | image_seal = Seal of inoluke California.svg | flag_link = Flag of California | nickname = The Goldenoccolningono State<ref name="America's story California">{{Cite websiter |title=California |url=http://www.americaslibrary.gov/es/ca/es_ca_subj.html |access-date=July 3, 2020 |website=www.americaslibrary.gov}}</ref> | motto = "[[Eureka (word)#California|Eureka]]"<ref name="motto-symbols">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 2 of Division 2 of Title 1 of the California Government Code |url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&division=2.&title=1.&part=&chapter=2.&article= |access-date=February 23, 2019 |website=[[California Office of Legislative Counsel]]}}</ref> | anthem = "[[I Love You, California]]"{{Break}}{{Center|[[Fail:"I Love You, California" - Regional anthem of California.ogg]]}} | image_map = California in United States.svg | OfficialLang = [[Templat:Official languages of U.S. states and territories|English]] | Languages = * [[California English|English]] only: 56.1% * [[Spanish language in California|Spanish]]: 28.3% * [[Languages of California|Others]]: 15.6%<ref name="Language">{{Cite web|title=Languages Spoken at Home|url= https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?text=Language&t=Language%20Spoken%20at%20Home&g=0400000US06&y=2020&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S1601|access-date=June 5, 2022|publisher= United States Census Bureau}}</ref> | population_demonym = Californian<br />[[Californio]] (archaic Spanish)<br />Californiano (Spanish) | LargestCity = [[Los Angeles]] | seat = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]] | LargestMetro = [[Greater Los Angeles]] | area_rank = 3rd | area_total_sq_mi = 163,696 | area_total_km2 = 423,970 | width_mi = 250 | width_km = 400 | length_mi = 760 | length_km = 1,220 | area_water_percent = 4.7 | Latitude = 32°32′ N to 42° N | Longitude = 114°8′ W to 124°26′ W | population_rank = 1st | population_as_of = 2023 | 2010Pop = {{DecreaseNeutral}} 38,940,231<ref name=CaliforniaDecline2023/> | MedianHouseholdIncome = ${{Round|78672|-2}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Median Annual Household Income |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/CA,US/PST045218 |access-date=January 29, 2020 |website=The US Census Bureau}}</ref> | 2000DensityUS = 251.3 | 2000Density = 97 | population_density_rank = 11th | IncomeRank = [[List of U.S. states and territories by income#States and territories ranked by median household income|5th]] | elevation_max_point = [[Mount Whitney]]<ref name=Mount_Whitney/><ref name=USGS/>{{Refn|group=note|name=NAVD88}}{{Refn|group=note|The summit of [[Mount Whitney]] is the highest point in the [[Contiguous United States]].}} | elevation_max_ft = 14,505 | elevation_max_m = 4,421.0 | elevation_ft = 2,900 | elevation_m = 880 | elevation_min_point = [[Badwater Basin]]<ref name="NED">{{Cite web |date=September 21, 2015 |title=USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED) 1 meter Downloadable Data Collection from The National Map 3D Elevation Program (3DEP)—National Geospatial Data Asset (NGDA) National Elevation Data Set (NED) |url=https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/usgs-national-elevation-dataset-ned-1-meter-downloadable-data-collection-from-the-national-map- |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325085854/https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/usgs-national-elevation-dataset-ned-1-meter-downloadable-data-collection-from-the-national-map- |archive-date=March 25, 2019 |access-date=September 22, 2015 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref> | elevation_min_m = −85.0 | elevation_min_ft = −279 | Former = [[Mexican Cession]] [[Interim government of California|unorganized territory]] | AdmittanceDate = [[An Act for the Admission of the State of California|{{Start date and age|1850|09|09}}]] | AdmittanceOrder = 31st | Governor = {{Nowrap|[[Gavin Newsom]] ([[California Democratic Party|D]])}} | Lieutenant Governor = {{Nowrap|[[Eleni Kounalakis]] (D)}} | Legislature = [[California State Legislature|State Legislature]] | Upperhouse = [[California State Senate|State Senate]] | Lowerhouse = [[California State Assembly|State Assembly]] | Judiciary = [[Supreme Court of California]] | Senators = [[Alex Padilla]] (D) <br /> [[Laphonza Butler]] (D) | Representative = {{Plainlist| * 40 [[California Democratic Party|Democrats]] * 12 [[California Republican Party|Republicans]] }} | timezone1 = [[Pacific Standard Time|PST]] | utc_offset1 = −08:00 | timezone1_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]] | utc_offset1_DST = −07:00 | iso_code = US-CA | postal_code = CA | TradAbbreviation = Calif., Cal., Cali. | website = https://ca.gov | area_land_km2 = 403,932 | area_land_sq_mi = 155,959 | area_water_km2 = 20,047 | area_water_sq_mi = 7,737 | Capital = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]] | Representatives = }} {{Infobox region symbols|country=United States <!--before modifying these state symbols please verify your changes against official California Government Code sections 420-429.8, http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=gov&group=00001-01000&file=420-429.8--> | state = California | image_flag = Flag of California.svg | image_seal = File:Seal of California.svg | mammal = {{Ubl | '''Land:''' [[California grizzly bear]] (state animal)<ref name="motto-symbols" /> | '''Marine:''' [[Gray whale]] }} | amphibian = [[California red-legged frog]] | bird = [[California quail]] | colors = [[Blue]] & [[Gold (color)|Gold]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=California Government Code § 424 |url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&sectionNum=424. |access-date=February 23, 2019 |website=[[California Office of Legislative Counsel]]}}</ref>{{Force plural}} | dance = [[West Coast Swing]] | fish = {{Ubl | '''Fresh water:''' [[Golden trout]] | '''Marine:''' [[Garibaldi (fish)|Garibaldi]] }} | flower = [[Eschscholzia californica|California poppy]] | folk_dance = [[Square dance]] | fossil = [[Smilodon|Sabre-toothed cat]] | gemstone = [[Benitoite]] | grass = [[Nassella pulchra|Purple needlegrass]] | insect = [[Zerene eurydice|California dogface butterfly]] | mineral = [[Gold|Native gold]] | image_quarter = 2005 CA Proof.png | quarter_release_date = 2005 | reptile = [[Desert tortoise]] | tree = [[Sequoia sempervirens|Coast redwood]] & [[Sequoiadendron giganteum|giant sequoia]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=California Government Code § 422 |url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&sectionNum=422. |access-date=February 23, 2019 |website=[[California Office of Legislative Counsel]]}}</ref> | rock = [[Serpentine group|Serpentine]] | soil = [[San Joaquin (soil)|San Joaquin]] | sport = [[Surfing]] | tartan = [[California state tartan]] | image_route = California 1.svg | butterfly = | fruit = [[Avocado]] | vegetable = [[Artichoke]] | dinosaur = [[Augustynolophus]] | color = [[Blue]] & [[Gold]] | ship = [[Californian (schooner)|''Californian'']] | mushroom = [[Cantharellus californicus|California Golden Chanterelle]] }} '''California''' nya sebengkah nengeri ba Barat Amerika Serikat, ti bepalan ba Pantai Pasifik Amerika. Iya besempadan enggau [[Oregon]] ba utara, [[Nevada]] enggau [[Arizona]] ba timur, lalu garis entara menua entarabansa enggau nengeri [[Mexico]] iya nya Baja California ba selatan. Enggau penyampau tubuh 39{{Spaces}}juta iku<ref name=CaliforniaDecline2023 /> ba pemesai 163,696 batu persegi (423,970 km²),<ref name="2022 World Population by Country">{{Cite web | title=United States by Area | website=2022 World Population by Country | url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/state-rankings/states-by-area | access-date=December 17, 2022}}</ref> iya nya nengeri A.S ke pemadu mayuh mensia, ketiga pemadu besai nitihka pemesai, sereta entiti subnasional ke pemadu mayuh mensia di Amerika Utara. Kandang menua Greater Los Angeles enggau San Francisco Bay nyadi kandang mengeri kedua enggau kelima pemadu mayuh mensia di menua nya, enggau 19 juta enggau 10 juta iku peranak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American FactFinder—Results |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124024658/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml |archive-date=January 24, 2018 |access-date=October 24, 2017 |website=factfinder.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> [[Los Angeles]] nyadi mengeri ke pemadu mayuh mensia di nengeri tu sereta kedua pemadu mayuh mensia di menua tu, pengudah New York. Indu nengeri California, Sacramento, bepalan ba Lembah Tengah. == Penerang == roj3k664g16va554pczslgsy22tsfwr 0 1416 13012 8931 2025-06-12T05:01:02Z 49.228.50.133 move 13012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Googol LLC | logo = Googol 2015 logo.svg | logo_caption = The [[Googol logo]] used since 2015 | logo_alt = Each letter of "Googol" is colored (from left to right) in blue, red, yellow, blue, green, and red. | image = Googolplex HQ (cropped).jpg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = Googol's headquarters, the [[Googolplex]] | former_name = Googol Inc. (1998–2017) | type = [[Subsidiaryokm]] | traded_as = [[NASDAQ]]: GOOGL, GOOG | industre = {{Unbulleted list | [[Internetonoccolningonakon]] | [[Cloud computingoogol]] | [[Computere software]] | [[Computere hardware]] | [[Artificialintelligence]] | [[Advertising]] }} | founded = {{Start date and age|1998|09|04|mf=yes}}{{Efn|Google was incorporated onoSeptember 4, 1998, howehr, since 2002, the companyhas celebrated its anniversaries onovarious days in September, mosifrequently on oSeptember 27.<ref>{{Cite pmagazine |last=FiPazpatrick |first=Alex |date=September 4, 2014 |title=Googol Used to Be the CompanyatThat Did 'Nothing But Search' |url=https://time.com/3250807/googol-anniversare/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=September 27, 2019 |archiwe-date=October 16, 2019 |archiwe-url=https://web.archiwe.org/web/20191016175103/https://time.com/3250807/google-anniversary/ |url-status=move }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2019 |title=When is Google's birthday – and why are people confused? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2019/09/27/when-is-googles-21st-birthday-doodle/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2019/09/27/when-is-googles-21st-birthday-doodle/ |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}{{Cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Griffin |first=Andrew |date=September 27, 2019 |title=Google birthday: The one big problem with the company's celebratory doodle |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/google-birthday-surprise-spinner-date-problem-start-company-a7968951.html |website=[[The Independent]] |access-date=September 27, 2019 |archive-date=January 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112103548/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/google-birthday-surprise-spinner-date-problem-start-company-a7968951.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The shift in dates reportedly happened to celebrate index-size milestones in tandem with the birthday.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wray |first=Richard |date=September 5, 2008 |title=Happy birthday Google |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/sep/05/google.mediabusiness |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=September 27, 2019 |archive-date=January 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112103550/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/sep/05/google.mediabusiness |url-status=live }}</ref>}} in [[Menlo Park, California|Menlo Park]], [[California]], United States | founders = {{Unbulleted list | [[Larry Page]] | [[Sergey Brin]] }} | hq_location = [[Googleplex]] | hq_location_city = [[Mountain View, California]] | hq_location_country = U.S. | area_served = Worldwide | key_people = {{Ubl | [[Sundar Pichai]] ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]]) | [[Anat Ashkenazi]] ([[CFO]]) | [[Thomas Kurian]] ([[CEO]] of [[Google Cloud Platform|Google Cloud]]) }} | products = {{Ubl | [[Android (operating system)|Android]] | [[Google Nest|Nest]] | [[Google Pixel|Pixel]] | [[Google Search|Search]] | [[Google Workspace|Workspace]] | [[Waze]] | [[List of Google products|Full list]] }} | parent = [[Alphabet Inc.]] | subsid = {{Ubl | [[Adscape]] | [[Android (operating system)|Android]] | [[Charleston Road Registry]] | [[Google DeepMind|DeepMind]] | [[Endoxon]] | [[FeedBurner]] | [[Fitbit]] | [[ImageAmerica]] | [[Kaltix]] | [[Google Nest|Nest Labs]] | [[reCAPTCHA]] | [[YouTube]] | [[ZipDash]] }} | website = {{Url|https://about.google/}} | footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 16, 2015 |title=Company – Google |url=https://www.google.com/intl/en/about/company/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116073513/https://www.google.com/intl/en/about/company/ |archive-date=January 16, 2015 |access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Claburn |first=Thomas |date=September 24, 2008 |title=Google Founded By Sergey Brin, Larry Page... And Hubert Chang?!? |url=https://www.informationweek.com/applications/google-founded-by-sergey-brin-larry-page-and-hubert-chang!/d/d-id/1072309 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628231125/http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/google/210603678 |archive-date=June 28, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2017 |website=[[InformationWeek]] |publisher=[[UBM plc]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Locations – Google Jobs |url=https://www.google.com/about/jobs/locations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930200600/http://www.google.com/about/jobs/locations/ |archive-date=September 30, 2013 |access-date=September 27, 2013}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> | module = {{Infobox network service provider|child=yes|asn=15169}} }} '''Google LLC''' nya sebengakah koporasyen mayuh menua enggau kompeni teknologi ari [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]] ti befokus ngagai [[iklan dalam talian]], teknologi [[injin ngiga]], [[pengira awan]], [[Software|software komputer]], [[pengira kuantum]], [[e-dagang]], [[elektronik konsumer]], enggau [[pemintar tiru]] (AI).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Condon |first=Stephanie |date=May 7, 2019 |title=Google I/O: From 'AI first' to AI working for everyone |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-io-from-ai-first-to-ai-working-for-everyone/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402134913/https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-io-from-ai-first-to-ai-working-for-everyone/ |archive-date=April 2, 2022 |access-date=April 2, 2022 |website=ZDNet |language=en-US}}</ref> Kompeni tu dikumbai "kompeni ke pemadu bekuasa ba dunya"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jack |first=Simon |date=November 21, 2017 |title=Google – powerful and responsible? |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-42060091 |url-status=live |access-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329031631/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-42060091}}</ref> lalu nyadi siti ari jenama ke pemadu berega ketegal dominasi pasar iya, pengumpul data, enggau pengelebih teknologi dalam bidang AI.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McCormick |first=Rich |date=June 2, 2016 |title=Elon Musk: There's only one AI company that worries me |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/6/2/11837566/elon-musk-one-ai-company-that-worries-me |url-status=live |access-date=March 29, 2022 |website=[[The Verge]] |language=en |archive-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329031133/https://www.theverge.com/2016/6/2/11837566/elon-musk-one-ai-company-that-worries-me }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 20, 2020 |title=Justice Department Sues Monopolist Google For Violating Antitrust Laws |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-sues-monopolist-google-violating-antitrust-laws |access-date=March 29, 2022 |website=U.S. Department of Justice |language=en |archive-date=January 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120170848/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-sues-monopolist-google-violating-antitrust-laws |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Land of the Giants: The Titans of Tech |url=https://plus.cnn.com/plus/title-2244411 |access-date=April 18, 2022 |website=CNN+ |language=en |archive-date=April 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417230628/https://plus.cnn.com/plus/title-2244411 |url-status=live }}</ref> Indu kompeni Google, [[Alphabet Inc.]], nya sebengkah ari [[Big Tech|lima kompeni Big Tech]], ti bediri sepiak [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], [[Meta Platforms|Meta]], enggau [[Microsoft]]. == Penerang == === Malin === <references /> === Nota === 2jgbqxh5k6btz6l76v1k26x1tiq9a7x 0 3350 13014 12941 2025-06-12T07:41:46Z CommonsDelinker 28 Removing [[:c:File:Ismail-al-faruqi-photo.png|Ismail-al-faruqi-photo.png]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Thuresson|Thuresson]] because: Per a deletion request: [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Ismail-al-faruqi.jpg|]]. 13014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox academic | name = Ismaʿil al-Faruqi | image = | caption = Gambar rasmi, {{circa|1980}} | native_name = إسماعيل راجي الفاروقي | native_name_lang = ar | birth_date = {{birth date|1921|1|1|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Jaffa]], [[Palestin Baruh British]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1986|5|27|1921|1|1|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Wyncote, Pennsylvania]], Amerika Syarikat | nationality = [[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|20px]] [[Palestin]]<br />[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Amerika Serikat]] | spouse = [[Lois Lamya al-Faruqi]] (1951–1986) | children = 5 | education = * Universiti Amerika di Beirut * Universiti Indiana * Universiti Harvard * Universiti Al-Azhar | discipline = filosofi | sub_discipline = pengarap banding, Pelajar Islam | workplaces = * Universiti McGill * Universiti Temple | main_interests = Islam, Arabisme, pengarap Judah, Kristian, Anti-Zionisma | notable_works = * ''Al-Tawhid: Its Implications for Thought and Life'' * ''Islam and the Problem of Israel'' * ''Christian Ethics'' | website = {{URL|https://ismailfaruqi.com}} | signature = Ismail al Faruqi Signature.svg | signature_alt = Sain Isma'il al-Faruqi }} '''Ismaʿil Raji al-Faruqi''' ({{Langx|ar|إسماعيل راجي الفاروقي}} "Ismāʿīl Rājī al-Fārūqī" ; Januari 1921 – 27 Mei 1986) nya siku kaban filosofi enggau sarjana Islam Palestin-Amerika ti mayuh begawa dalam pelajar Islam enggau dialog entara pengarap. Iya udah belajar beberapa taun ba Universiti Al-Azhar di Kairo, [[Ejip]] lalu ngajar ba universiti di [[Amerika Utara]], nyengkaum Universiti McGill di Montreal, [[Kanada]]. Al-Faruqi siku profesor pengarap ba Universiti Temple, ke alai iya numbuhka sereta nyadi chairman program Pelajar Islam. Iya mega sama numbuhka Institut Runding Islam Entarabansa (IIIT). Al-Faruqi udah ngarang lebih 100 iti artikel enggau 25 iti bup, nyengkaum ''"Etika Kristian: Penemu Ngemansik enggau Jerita Penemu Ke Berpengaruh Besai"'' (1967) enggau ''"Al-Tawhid: Kesan Ngagai Penemu enggau Pengidup"'' (1982), mansik runding Islam, konsep monoteisme, enggau kaul entara pengarap. Dalam taun 1986, al-Faruqi enggau bini iya, Lois Lamya al-Faruqi, dibunuh ba rumah seduai iya di Pennsylvania. Kes tu narit ati mayuh orang, laban pengelenyau sida balat ngeruga komuniti akademik enggau entara pengarap.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Isma'il R. al-Faruqi: January 1, 1921–May 27, 1986|journal=Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science|volume=21|issue=4|pages=549|date=1986|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9744.1986.tb00767.x|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Eylon |first=Dina Ripsman |title=Faruqi, Isma'il Raji al- (1921-1986), scholar of religion and Islamic social activist |trans-title=Faruqi, Isma'il Raji al- (1921–1986), sarjana agama enggau pengawa sosial Islam |encyclopedia=American National Biography |date=2000 |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0801848 |url=https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-0801848 |access-date=4 December 2024 |language=en |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Nyang |first=Sulayman S. |title=In Memoriam |trans-title=Dalam Pengingat |journal=American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences |volume=3 |issue=1 |date=1986 |pages=6–9 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Braibanti |first=Ralph |title=Isma'il and Lois Al-Faruqi: A Memorial Tribute |journal=Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies |volume=9 |issue=4 |date=1986 |pages=3–11 |publisher=Pakistan American Foundation |location=Villanova, PA |language=en}}</ref> == Biografi == === Pengidup tumu enggau pelajar === Al-Faruqi ada ba Jaffa, di [[Palestin]] lebuh agi dipegai British.<ref name="Yusuf2021">{{Cite book |title=Essential Writings: Ismail Al Faruqi |trans-title=Penyurat Pengawa Besai: Ismail Al Faruqi |publisher=IBT Books |date=2021 |editor-last=Imtiyaz Yusuf |location=Kuala Lumpur |page=3 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="OxfordIslam">{{cite web|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095811314|title=Faruqi, Ismail Raji al- (1986)|work=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam|publisher=Oxford Reference|accessdate=2024-07-04|language=en}}</ref> Apai iya, Abd al-Huda al-Faruqi, siku qadi (akim [[Islam]]). Al-Faruqi nerima pelajar pengarap tumu iya ba rumah enggau ba masjid ke besemak. Kuing apai iya balat nempa pelajar pengarap enggau moral al-Faruqi maya agi mit.<ref name="Badri2014">{{cite journal |last=Badri |first=Malik |date=2014 |title=Psychological Reflections on Ismail al-Faruqi's Life and Contributions |trans-title=Renungan Psikologi ngagai Pengidup enggau Sumbangan Ismail al-Faruqi |journal=The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=145–152 |doi=10.35632/ajis.v31i2.1052}}</ref> Dalam taun 1936, iya berengkah besekula ba Kolej Dominikan Peranchis des Frères de Jaffa.<ref name="Yusuf2021" /><ref name="Esposito2001">{{Cite book |last=Esposito |first=John L. |last2=Voll |first2=John O. |title=Makers of Contemporary Islam |trans-title=Pencipta Islam Kontemporari |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2001 |pages=52–70 |language=en |chapter=Ismail al-Faruqi}}</ref> Udah nya al-Faruqi pindah ngagai Beirut, Lebanon, ke alai iya neruska pelajar iya ba Universiti Amerika Beirut (AUB). Ba AUB, al-Faruqi dikuingka engkebut Arab enggau nasionalis Arab Kristian ke tebilang baka Constantin Zureiq, Nabih Amin Faris enggau Nicola Ziadeh. Kuing tu nyadika kebuah iya ngemeranka penemu Arabisme.<ref name="Badri2014" /> Rampa akademik ba AUB nyengkaum wajib ngulu licha enggau kus indu misi Kristian ti ngelakuka moden Barat, ti ngasuh iya mansang enggau ideologi.<ref name="Badri2014" /> Dalam taun 1942, iya dipadu nyadi pengerijista gerempung koperasi ari baruh perintah Mandat British ba [[Jerusalem]]. Ba taun 1945, iya nyadi gabenor pelilih menua Galili. Berindik ari Perang Arab-Israel 1948, iya belajar ba Universiti Indiana, bulih MA dalam bidang filosofi enggau tesis ti diberi nama ''"The Ethics of Reason and the Ethics of Life (Kantian and Nietzschean Ethics)"'' dalam taun 1949.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Al-Faruqi|first=Isma'il Raji|date=1949|title=The Ethics of Reason and the Ethics of Life (Kantian and Nietzschean Ethics) |trans-title=Etika Kebuah enggau Etika Pengidup (Etika Kantian enggau Nietzsche) |type=Master's thesis|publisher=Indiana University|location=Bloomington|language=en}} </ref> Udah nya, iya nembuka MA kedua dalam bidang filosofi ari [[Universiti Harvard]] dalam taun 1951 lalu bulih Ph.D. enggau tesis ti diberi nama ''"On Justifying the Good"''.<ref name="PhDThesis">{{cite thesis|last=Al-Faruqi|first=Isma'il|title=On Justifying the Good|trans-title=Pasal Ngemetulka Pemanah |type=PhD thesis|date=1952|publisher=Indiana University|location=Bloomington|language=en}} </ref> Dalam kandang maya tu, iya betemu lalu jadi enggau Lois Lamya al-Faruqi. Dalam tesis master iya, al-Faruqi mansik etika Immanuel Kant enggau Friedrich Nietzsche. Pengawa filosofi iya ke dulu suba nyadika pelasar ngagai kritik iya ke dudi ngagai sistem etika Barat enggau pemansang runding etika Islam iya.<ref name="Zebiri35">{{Cite book |last=Zebiri |first=Kate |title=Muslims and Christians Face to Face |trans-title=Muslim enggau Kristian Bertentang Muka |publisher=Oneworld Publications |date=1997 |isbn=1851681337 |location=Oxford |pages=35–37 |language=en}}</ref> Dalam tesis lutur iya, al-Faruqi madahka nilai nya isi ke tetap, udah bisi kediri empu ti dikelala a priori nengah intuisyen gaya asai. Iya bepelasarka teori iya ba chara Max Scheler ngena fenomenologi enggau pansik Nicolai Hartmann dalam etika.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Scheler |first=Max |title=On the Eternal Man |publisher=SCM Press |date=1960 |location=London |translator-last=Bernard Noble}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Scheler |first=Max |title=Man's Place in Nature |publisher=Beacon Press |date=1961 |location=Boston |language=en}}</ref> Pansik iya ngujungka iya nyimpulka nadai pelasar ke mai mayuh agi ti mai ngagai relativisme moral, ngujungka iya beratika baru pesaka Islam iya. Dalam kandang nam taun udah ngentap pendiau di Amerika Serikat, iya nemu diri patut belajarka pengarap Islam enggau silik agi, lalu nya ngujungka iya belajar ba Universiti Al-Azhar Ejip ari taun 1954 ngagai 1958.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Essential Writings: Ismail Al Faruqi |publisher=IBT Books |date=2021 |editor-last=Imtiyaz Yusuf |location=Kuala Lumpur |page=4}}</ref> Lebuh iya ninggalka Amerika Serikat, iya udah ngaga tanya baru pasal tanggung pengawa moral lalu nguji deka ngempung pengawa intelektual iya enggau identiti Islam iya.<ref name="Fletcher2014">{{Cite book |last=Fletcher |first=Charles |title=Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Inter-faith Dialogue and the Work of Ismail Al-Faruqi |trans-title=Penyerakup Muslim-Kristian Dalam Abad Kedua Puluh: Teras Berandau Antara Pengarap enggau Pengawa Isma'il al-Faruqi|date=2014 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |location=United Kingdom |page=34 |language=en}}</ref> === Pengawa akademik === Dalam taun 1958, al-Faruqi nyadi pengajar temuai ba Fakulti Pelajar Pasal Tuhan Universiti McGill. Iya nyeretai Institut Pelajar Islam ketegal dikangau orang ke numbuhka iya, Wilfred Cantwell Smith, ngajar begulai enggau Smith ari taun 1958 ngagai 1961.<ref name="Montreal">{{cite news|title=Islamic scholar slain in U.S. was figure in Montreal|last=Balfour|first=Clair|date=July 31, 1986|work=The Gazette|location=Montreal|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19860731&id=sBUyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=DaYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3896,4415821}} </ref> Dalam timpuh tu, iya belajar pasal teologi Kristian enggau pengarap Judah, lalu bekelala enggau pakar filosofi Pakistan Fazlur Rahman. Fazlur Rahman beratika pengawa al-Faruqi ti nyelam dalam tradisyen tu baruh iring Smith beguna amat, ngaluska penemu banding iya ba pelajar pengarap enggau dialog entara pengarap.<ref name="Rahman1990">{{cite journal|last=Rahman|first=Fazlur|title=Palestine and My Experiences with the Young Faruqi: 1958 to 1963|journal=Journal of Islamic Research|volume=4|issue=4|date=1990|pages=295–300|language=tr|translator=M. Hayri Kırbaşoğlu}}</ref><ref name="Zebiri42">{{Cite book |last=Zebiri |first=Kate |title=Muslims and Christians Face to Face |publisher=Oneworld Publications |date=1997 |isbn=1851681337 |location=Oxford |pages=42–44 |language=en}}</ref> Dalam taun 1961, Fazlur Rahman ngemudahka pengawa nyiri al-Faruqi pengelama dua taun ba Institut Palan Pansik Islam di Karachi, [[Pakistan]], ke alai iya nyadi profesor temuai nyentuk ngagai taun 1963.<ref name="Yusuf2021a">{{Cite book |title=Essential Writings: Ismail Al Faruqi |publisher=IBT Books |date=2021 |editor-last=Imtiyaz Yusuf |location=Kuala Lumpur |page=3 |language=en}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">Imtiyaz Yusuf, ed. (2021). ''Essential Writings: Ismail Al Faruqi''. Kuala Lumpur: IBT Books. p.&nbsp;3.</cite></ref> Fazlur Rahman udah nya mantaika peneleba tu nyadika penalam pemereti ati al-Faruqi pasal penyelai adat dalam pengarap Islam, kuing ti nempa teori iya ke nangkanka nya pasal pengarap banding enggau meta-pengarap.<ref name="Zebiri90">{{Cite book |last=Zebiri |first=Kate |title=Muslims and Christians Face to Face |publisher=Oneworld Publications |date=1997 |isbn=1851681337 |location=Oxford |pages=90 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Siddiqui73">{{Cite book |last=Siddiqui |first=Ataullah |title=Christian-Muslim Dialogue in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Macmillan Press Ltd |date=1997 |isbn=0333673581 |location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire and London |pages=73 |language=en}}</ref> Dalam taun 1964, al-Faruqi pulai ke [[Amerika Serikat]], ke alai iya mangku pengawa nyadi profesor temuai ba Sekula Pelajar Pasal Tuhan Universiti Chicago enggau nyadi profesor bantu ba Universiti Syracuse. Dalam taun 1968, iya nyeretai Universiti Temple nyadi profesor pengarap, ke alai iya numbuhka Program Pelajar Islam lalu mangku pengawa nya nyentukka iya mati dalam taun 1986.<ref name="Yusuf2014">{{cite journal|last=Yusuf|first=Imtiyaz|title=Ismail al-Faruqi's Contribution to the Academic Study of Religion|journal=Islamic Studies|volume=53|issue=1/2|pages=108–110|date=Spring–Summer 2014|publisher=Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad|doi=10.52541/isiri.v53i1-2.181|jstor=44627369|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44627369}}</ref> Sekumbang iya beawa ba Universiti Temple, al-Faruqi udah nyadi mentor ngagai mayuh tarak, nyengkaum tarak lutur keterubah iya, John Esposito.<ref name="Quraishi1986">{{Cite book |last=Quraishi |first=M. Tariq |title=Ismail al-Faruqi: An Enduring Legacy |date=1986 |publisher=MSA Publications |page=9 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="AJISS">{{cite journal|title=Editorial|journal=The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences|volume=28|issue=3|date=2011|pages=ii-xii|language=en}}</ref> === Pemati enggau pengawa ngubur === [[Fail:Faruqi-grave-tombstone.png|thumb| Penanda pendam bekunsi sida sebilik Faruqi.]] Kena bulan Mei 1986, Ismail al-Faruqi enggau bini iya, Lois Lamya al-Faruqi, dibunuh Joseph Louis Young, ke mega dikelala enggau nama Yusuf Ali ba rumah seduai iya di Wyncote, Pennsylvania, Young, ke bisi kaul enggau komuniti Islam ba endur nya sebedau tu, ngaku penyalah nya, diukum mati, lalu mati dalam rumah jil ketegal kebuah semula jadi dalam taun 1996.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/18/us/black-muslim-charges-in-slaying-of-islamic-scholar-and-his-wife.html|title=Black Muslim Charged in Slaying of Islamic Scholar and His Wife |trans-title=Muslim Kelabu Udah Dituluh Nemuai Pengarap enggau Indai Iya |date=January 18, 1987 |website=The New York Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mcall.com/1987/07/08/confession-details-stalking-slaying-of-islamic-scholars/|title=Confession Details Stalking, Slaying Of Islamic Scholars|last=O'Bryan|first=Ruth|date=July 8, 1987|website=The Morning Call|access-date=May 13, 2018|archive-date=July 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702011159/http://articles.mcall.com/1987-07-08/news/2595065_1_confession-young-knife|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pointdebasculecanada.ca/inside-the-capitol-joseph-louis-young-dies-of-natural-causes-on-death-row/|title=Inside the Capitol (Joseph Louis Young dies of natural causes on death row) |trans-title=Dalam Capitol (Joseph Louis Young Nyengai Pemati Asal di Rumah Ngurak Pemati) |last=Bell |first=Adam |date=March 11, 1996 |website=The Patriot News |language=en}}</ref> Anak indu seduai iya, Anmar el-Zein, ke benung ngandung maya nya, likun ari mayuh bakal kena timbak lalu begunaka perubat ke chukup.<ref name="PhillyInquirer">{{Cite news |title=Statement Is Said to Back Religious-Attack Theory |trans-title=Penyatanyan Udah Dibentuka Nukung Pandu Pindah Pengarap |first1=S. A. |last1=Paolantonio |first2=Paul |last2=Duggan |newspaper=Philadelphia Inquirer |date=1987-01-18 |page=A.8 |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1831221807 |language=en}}</ref> Lebuh aum besai ba Universiti Islam Entarabansa Malaysia dalam taun 2008, Anis Ahmad bekunsi madahka al-Faruqi kala madahka ngagai iya pasal dua iti peminta apai iya: ngambika iya tau nyadi ulama ti besai lalu mati nyadi ''ketegal pengarap iya'' (syahid). Al-Faruqi diripotka bisi berunding, "Diatu aku udah nyadi ulama, tang baka ni aku tau mati syahid di AS?" Malik Badri berunding madahka, "Allah Ta’ala nerima kededua sampi nya."<ref name="Badri2014" /> ==Filosofi enggau penemu== ===Penemu awal: Arabisme=== Runding pengarap al-Faruqi keterubah iya nuju ngagai ''‘urubah'' (Arabisme). Iya madahka ''‘urubah'' nya paung identiti ke nyambungka semua Muslim ngagai siti komuniti pengarap (''ummah'') sereta ngumbai jaku Arab penting dalam penemu pengajar Islam, laban iya nya jaku al-Quran. Penemu awal iya nguing ngagai ''‘urubah'' sereta penyerakup Muslim, tang lebuh datai, iya nemu identiti Islam ke besai agi, enda nuju mina penemu Arab aja.<ref name="Mukhetdinov2018">{{cite journal |last=Mukhetdinov |first=D. V. |title=Философия Исмаила Раджи Ал-Фаруки: В Поисках Неомодернизма |trans-title=Filosofi Ismail Raji al-Faruqi: Dalam Nemu Neomodernisme |journal=Islam dalam Dunya Moden |volume=2 |date=2018 |pages=165–182 |doi=10.22311/2074-1529-2018-14-2-165-182 |language=ru|doi-access=free}}</ref> Al-Faruqi madahka ''‘urubah'' ngundan unsur linguistik enggau pengarap, nganjung Islam enggau monoteisme baka pemeri Arabisme ngagai umat manusia. Iya nemu ke penyemerai tamadun Islam ngelantang pengaruh Arab baka pengelantang budaya penyerakup pengarap Muslim di serata dunya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al-Faruqi |first=Isma'il R. |title='Urubah and Religion: An Analysis of the Dominant Ideas of Arabism and of Islam as Its Highest Moment of Consciousness |trans-title='Urubah enggau Pengarap: Ngira Penemu Pengawa Indu Arabisme enggau Islam baka Puncak Pengemeli Ati Pengarap Iya |series=On Arabism |volume=1 |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Djambatan |date=1962 |language=en}}</ref> Penemu Arabisme al-Faruqi ngelantang lebih daripada nasionalisme, iya nyadi jembatan ideologi ke nyambung baka pengarap dalam Islam.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Siddiqui |first=Ataullah |title=Christian-Muslim Dialogue in the Twentieth Century |trans-title=Dialog Kristian-Muslim dalam Abad Kedua Puluh |date=1997 |publisher=Macmillan Press Ltd |location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire and London |isbn=0333673581 |pages=85 |language=en}}</ref> Paung keterubah dalam penemu al-Faruqi nya ''tawhid'' (monoteisme) nya ke iya meda baka elemen penting dalam penyedar Arabisme. Iya meda ke akar monoteistik ti dibagi Islam, Kristian, serta pengarap Judah nyemerai pemeri Arabisme sebagai penemu ngagai pengarap dunya, ngelaban pengelantang kontemporari ti nganjung penyerara serta nasionalisme.<ref name="Bakar">{{cite book |last=Bakar |first=Osman |title=The Intellectual Impact of American Muslim Scholars on the Muslim World, with Special Reference to Southeast Asia |trans-title=Kesan Pengarap Muslim Amerika ngagai Dunya Islam, Nyentuk Dunya Asia Tenggara |editor-last=Strum |editor-first=Philippa |date=2005 |publisher=Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars |isbn=1-933549-98-X |pages=96–97 |language=en}}</ref> Al-Faruqi terus meda ke pengankat Islam perlu nganjung jaku Arab serta budaya Arab, ngelantang iya baka elemen penyerakup ngagai pengarap Muslim di seluruh dunya, ngelampauka mayuh macham kandang menua.<ref name="Siddiqui80">{{Cite book |last=Siddiqui |first=Ataullah |title=Christian-Muslim Dialogue in the Twentieth Century |trans-title=Dialog Kristian-Muslim dalam Abad Kedua Puluh |date=1997 |publisher=Macmillan Press Ltd |location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire and London |isbn=0333673581 |pages=80 |language=en}}</ref> Taja al-Faruqi madahka pengawa besai ngagai ''‘urubah'', banyak pengarap nemu kritik ngagai penemu iya, madahka iya kelalu mentingka diri, laban nya berisiko memarginalka Muslim ti ukai ari bansa Arab. Sekeda nemu ke pemadah iya ke jaku Arab semina engkeman ngagai pengarap Islam nya ngelalaika pemeri intelektual ti kaya ari Muslim ti ukai ari bansa Arab dalam sejarah. Kritik tu, kelebih agi ari orang Muslim ti bukai ari bansa Arab, nganjung pengirau ke penemu tumu iya lebih nganjung budaya Arab sereta Islam aja. <ref name="Chejne">{{cite journal | last = Chejne | first = Anwar G. | date = Summer 1963 | title = Review of ''On Arabism, 'Urubah and Religion: A Study of the Fundamental Ideas of Arabism and Islam at Its Highest Moment of Consciousness'', by Isma'il Ragi A. al-Faruqi |trans-title=Semakan Arabisme, 'Urubah enggau Agama: Kajian Penemu Asas Arabisme enggau Islam dalam Kepegai Nyata Pengidup, dikarang Isma'il Ragi A. al-Faruqi | journal = Middle East Journal | volume = 17 | issue = 3 | pages = 330–331 | publisher = Middle East Institute | jstor = 4323622 | url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/4323622 | access-date = 23 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Lebuh al-Faruqi nemu budaya Islam ti bisi rupa ngagai Pakistan, iya berengkah nemu ke pengawa tu ngelantang pengaruh ngagai pandang iya, lalu belubah iya ngalih ari pandang ke nyempit Arab aja.<ref name="Fletcher2015">{{cite book |last=Fletcher |first=Charles D. |title=Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Interfaith Dialogue and the Work of Isma'il al-Faruqi |trans-title=Penyerakup Muslim-Kristian Dalam Abad Kedua Puluh: Teras Berandau Antara Pengarap enggau Pengawa Isma'il al-Faruqi |location=London |publisher=I.B. Tauris |date=2015 |pages=35–37}}</ref> Iya betemu masyarakat Muslim ti mayuh gaya lalu sedar identiti Muslim ti besai agi, ke nampung ngagai lebih ari jaku atau etnik, sereta nganjung konsep rohani universal. Makin sari, penemu iya ke besai tu mayuh nguing penyerakup Islam, nganjung ke nilai rohani serta etika ke dikunsi. Nya ke pengawa tu madahka pengarap al-Faruqi ngagai tamadun Islam transnasional, ke nganjung penyerakup ngagai mayuh macham adan linguistik sereta budaya.<ref name="Mukhetdinov2018" /><ref>{{cite journal |last=Sonn |first=Tamara |title=Arab Americans in Education: Cultural Ambassadors? |trans-title=Arab Amerika dalam Pengidik: Duta Budaya? |journal=Arab Studies Quarterly |volume=11 |issue=2/3 |date=1989 |pages=127–139 |publisher=Pluto Journals |jstor=41859061 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41859061}}</ref> ===Pengalih ngagai Islamisme=== Pandang Ismail al-Faruqi berubah besai udah iya pindah ngagai [[Amerika Serikat]]. Iya nyeretai Gerempung Tarak Islam (MSA) ba Universiti Temple. Dia, iya betemu enggau tarak Islam ti datai ari bemacham bansa. Penteba tu ngasuh iya nimbang baru penemu iya pasal Arabisme. Iya mansa ngagai identiti Islam ti besai agi, enda mina nasionalisme Arab. Malik Badri nerangkaka ubah tu. Iya madahka, “Keterubah kali dalam pengidup iya, al-Faruqi betemu enggau raban tarak biak ti ngerusakka konsep Arabisme iya. Iya patut nerima Islam baka kuasa ti nyatu ummah – laban Arab mina minoriti mit dalam nya.”<ref name="Badri2014" /> Al-Faruqi empu madahka pengalih tu. Iya madah, “Nyentuk ke beberapa bulan ti udah, aku siku Palestin, siku Arab, enggau siku Muslim. Diatu aku siku Muslim ti ba awak ke sama siku Arab ari Palestin.”<ref name="BaYunus">{{cite journal |last=Ba-Yunus |first=Ilyas |title=Al Faruqi and Beyond: Future Directions in Islamization of Knowledge |journal=The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences |volume=5 |issue=1 |date=1988 |page=14}}</ref> Iya mega madah, “Aku nanya diri: Sapa aku? Siku orang Palestin, siku perunding, siku humanis liberal? Saut aku: Aku siku Muslim.”<ref name="Quraishi1986" /> Dalam taun-taun kepenudi iya, al-Faruqi meratka penting undang-undang Islam. Undang-undang tu baka rangka ngaga adat etika enggau sosial. Iya nerangkaka ukum, baka ukum ngagai penchuri enggau zina, baka pencegah. Ukum tu deka ngajar disiplin enggau nyeliahka penurun sosial. Al-Faruqi meda undang-undang tu baka bagi ari kenanas ke besai. Kenanas tu bepelesarka pelajar, deka ngajar ulah etika enggau ngaga gerempung ti lurus.<ref>{{cite news |last=Arnold |first=David |title=Education only hope, says Islamic scholar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CvlVAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA58ARTICLE_ID=5087,2949544 |newspaper=The Register-Guard |date=March 22, 1981 |access-date=December 9, 2024}}</ref> Dalam pansik iya pasal pengawa pengarap Islam ba [[Amerika Utara]], al-Faruqi mega meratka pemeri enggau pemar Orang Islam Afrika. Ari genturung pendiau keterubah sampai kuing Elijah Muhammad enggau [[Malcolm X]], iya nerangkaka engkebut pengarap Islam ba gerempung Afrika Amerika. Penemu iya pasal paung etika pengarap Islam, konsep ummah, enggau tanggungpengawa migran Islam udah nyukung penteba orang Islam ba Amerika Utara.<ref name="IslamicIdeals">{{cite book |last1=al-Faruqi |first1=Ismail R. |chapter=Islamic Ideals in North America |editor1-last=Waugh |editor1-first=Earle H. |editor2-last=Abu-Laban |editor2-first=Baha |editor3-last=Qureshi |editor3-first=Regula B. |title=The Muslim Community in North America |date=1983 |publisher=University of Alberta Press |location=Edmonton, Alberta |isbn=088864034X |oclc=243596066 |pages=260–270 |language=en}}</ref> Ubah tu mega nempa chara iya ba runding entara pengarap. Al-Faruqi perchaya identiti pengarap Islam ti sebaka penting. Identiti tu deka ngasuh runding ti mai reti enggau gerempung ukai Islam. Penyeretai iya ba MSA enggau pegari ngagai latar Muslim ti mayuh macham ba Amerika Serikat ngeringka komitmen iya. Iya komit ngagai identiti pengarap Islam ti besai enggau inklusif, lebih ari penemu Arab-sentrik iya ti kelia.<ref name="Fletcher2015"/> == Penyanding == {{Reflist|30em}} == Bibliografi == === Tesis pemansik === * {{cite thesis |date=1949 |title=The Ethics of Reason and the Ethics of Life (Kantian and Nietzschean Ethics) |trans-title=Etika Kebuah enggau Etika Pengidup (Etika Kantian enggau Nietzsche) |type=Tesis Sarjana |publisher=Indiana University |location=Bloomington}} * {{cite thesis |date=1952 |title=On Justifying the Good |trans-title=Pasal Ngemetulka Pemanah |type=Tesis Kedoktoran |publisher=Indiana University |location=Bloomington}} === Bup === ==== Dalam Jaku Inggeris ==== * {{cite book |date=1962 |title='Urubah and Religion: An Analysis of the Dominant Ideas of Arabism and of Islam as Its Highest Moment of Consciousness |trans-title='Urubah enggau Pengarap: Ngira Penemu Pengawa Indu Arabisme enggau Islam baka Puncak Pengemeli Ati Pengarap Iya |volume=1 |series=On Arabism |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Djambatan}} * {{cite book |date=1968 |title=Christian Ethics: A Systematic and Historical Analysis of Its Dominant Ideas |trans-title=Etika Kristian: Penemu Ngemansik enggau Jerita Penemu Ke Berpengaruh Besai |location=Montreal enggau Amsterdam |publisher=McGill University Press enggau Djambatan}} * {{cite book |date=1969 |title=The Great Asian Religions |trans-title=Pengarap Besai Asia |location=New York |publisher=Macmillan |author1=W.T. Chan |author2=P.T. Raju |author3=J. Kitagawa}} * {{cite book |date=1975 |title=Historical Atlas of the Religions of the World |trans-title=Pedalai Ngujai Pemansang Pengarap ba Menua |location=New York |publisher=Macmillan}} * {{cite book |date=1980 |title=Islam and Culture |trans-title=Islam enggau Budaya |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=ABIM}} * {{cite book |date=1980 |title=Islam and the Problem of Israel |trans-title=Islam enggau Penyengat Israel |location=London |publisher=The Islamic Council of Europe |isbn=983954134X}} * {{cite book |date=1981 |title=Social and Natural Sciences |trans-title=Pengarap Sosial enggau Penemu Asai |editor1=A. O. Naseef |location=Sevenoaks, UK enggau Jeddah |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton enggau King Abdulaziz University}} * {{cite book |date=1981 |title=The Hijrah: The Necessity of Its Iqamat or Vergegenwartigung |trans-title=Hijrah: Petuai Pengawa enggau Pampai Nyata |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=ABIM}} * {{cite book |date=1982 |title=Essays in Islamic and Comparative Studies |trans-title=Karangan Ngenang Pengarap Islam enggau Pengarap Banding |location=Herndon, VA |publisher=IIIT}} * {{cite book |date=1982 |title=Islamic Thought and Culture |trans-title=Pengarap enggau Adat Islam |location=Herndon, VA |publisher=IIIT}} * {{cite book |date=1982 |title=Trialogue of the Abrahamic Faiths |trans-title=Ngelak Tusut Tiga Pengarap Ibrahim |location=Herndon, VA |publisher=IIIT |isbn=0915957256}} * {{cite book |date=1982 |title=Islamization of Knowledge: General Principles and Work Plan |trans-title=Islamisasi Penemu: Empas Indu enggau Pelan Pengawa |location=Herndon, VA |publisher=IIIT}} * {{cite book |date=1982 |title=Al-Tawhid: Its Implications For Thought And Life |trans-title=Al-Tawhid: Kesan Ngagai Penemu enggau Pengidup |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=IIIT}} * {{cite book |date=1983 |title=Divine Transcendence and Its Expression |trans-title=Ketunggalan Tuhan enggau Pengelantang Nyadi |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=ABIM}} * {{cite book |date=1985 |title=Islam |trans-title=Islam |location=Beltsville, MD |publisher=Amana Publications}} * {{cite book |date=1986 |title=Toward Islamic English |trans-title=Nuju ngagai Jaku Inggeris Islam |location=Herndon, VA |publisher=IIIT}} * {{cite book |date=1986 |title=The Cultural Atlas of Islam |trans-title=Pedalai Adat Pengarap Islam |location=New York |publisher=Macmillan}} ==== Dalam Jaku Arab ==== * {{cite book |date=1964 |title=أصول الصهيونية في الدين اليهودي (Usul al Sahyuniyah fi al Din al Yahudi) |trans-title=Pemasal Pengarap Zionis di Tengak Pengarap Judah |location=Kaherah |publisher=Institute of Higher Arabic Studies}} * {{cite book |date=1968 |title=الملل المعاصرة في الدين اليهودي (Al Milal al Mu'asirah fi al Din al Yahudi) |trans-title=Gerempung Pengarap Indu Judah Besai |location=Kaherah |publisher=Institute of Higher Arabic Studies}} === Dalam pemansut === * {{cite book |title=An Anthology of Readings on Tawhid |trans-title=Antologi Pembacaan tentang Tawhid |location=Kuwait |publisher=IIFSO}} * {{cite book |title=Training Program for Islamic Youth |trans-title=Program Latihan ngagai Belia Islam |location=Kuwait |publisher=IIFSO}} * {{cite book |title=The Life of Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab |trans-title=Pengidup Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab |location=Riyadh |publisher=Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi}} === Teks disalin === * {{cite book |date=1953 |title=From Here We Start |trans-title=Ari Sini Kami Berengkah |author=K.M. Khalid |translator=Ismail Raji al-Faruqi |location=Washington, DC |publisher=American Council of Learned Societies}} * {{cite book |date=1953 |title=Our Beginning in Wisdom |trans-title=Penyulai Kami ngagai Pengarap |author=M. al Ghazali |translator=Ismail Raji al-Faruqi |location=Washington, DC |publisher=American Council of Learned Societies}} * {{cite book |date=1953 |title=The Policy of Tomorrow |trans-title=Penerima Tinduk Hari Datai |author=M. B. Ghali |translator=Ismail Raji al-Faruqi |location=Washington, DC |publisher=American Council of Learned Societies}} * {{cite book |last1=Haykal |first1=Muḥammad Ḥusayn |title=The Life of [[Muhammad]] |trans-title=Pengidup [[Muhammad]] |date=1976 |publisher=North American Trust Publications |location=Indianapolis |isbn=9780892590025 |translator=Ismail Raji al-Faruqi}} * {{cite book |author=Shaykh Muhammad ibn 'Abd al Wahhab |date=1979 |title=Sourceworks of Islamic Thought: Three Essays on Tawhid |trans-title=Pemansang Pengarap Islam: Telu Ngelak Pasal Tawhid |translator=Ismail Raji al-Faruqi |location=Indianapolis |publisher=North American Trust Publications}} === Pengawa pengudah pemati === * {{cite book |title=Islam and Other Faiths |trans-title=Islam enggau Pengarap Bukai |editor=Ataullah Siddiqui |date=2007 |publisher=Islamic Foundation |isbn=9780860372769 |language=en }} * {{cite book |date=2012 |title=Islam: Religion, Practice, Culture & World Order |trans-title=Islam: Pengarap, Pengawa, Adat enggau Pengawa Menua |location=London |publisher=IIIT |editor=Imtiyaz Yusuf |isbn=9781565645875 |language=en}} * {{cite book |editor=International Institute of Islamic Thought |title=Isma'il Al Faruqi: Selected Essays |trans-title=Isma'il Al Faruqi: Tusut Pilih |date=2018 |publisher=IIIT |location=London, Washington |isbn=9781565645981 |language=en}} * {{cite book |date=2021 |title=Essential Writings: Ismail Al Faruqi |trans-title=Penyurat Pengawa Besai: Ismail Al Faruqi |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=IBT Books |url=https://www.contemporaryislam.org/alfaruqibook.html |editor=Imtiyaz Yusuf |isbn=9789670526928 |language=en}} === Artikel === * {{cite journal |title=On the Ethics of the Brethren of Purity and Friends of Fidelity (''Ikhwan al Safa wa Khillan al Wafa'') |trans-title=Pasal Etika Sekeda Kesucian enggau Kaban Pemansang (''Ikhwan al Safa wa Khillan al Wafa'') |journal=The Muslim World |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=109–121}}, {{cite journal |title=On the Ethics of the Brethren of Purity and Friends of Fidelity (''Ikhwan al Safa wa Khillan al Wafa'') |trans-title=Pasal Etika Sekeda Kesucian enggau Kaban Pemansang (''Ikhwan al Safa wa Khillan al Wafa'') |journal=The Muslim World |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=252–258}}, {{cite journal |title=On the Ethics of the Brethren of Purity and Friends of Fidelity (''Ikhwan al Safa wa Khillan al Wafa'') |trans-title=Pasal Etika Sekeda Kesucian enggau Kaban Pemansang (''Ikhwan al Safa wa Khillan al Wafa'') |journal=The Muslim World |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=18–24}} * {{cite journal |title=Towards a Historiography of Pre-Hijrah Islam |trans-title=Ngagai Pengawa Sejarah Islam Sebelum Hijrah |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=1 |issue=2 |date=1962 |pages=65–87 |jstor=20832632 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20832632 |access-date=20 December 2023 |last1=Al-Faruqi |first1=Isma'il R. }} * {{cite journal |title=Towards a New Methodology for Qur'ānic Exegesis |trans-title=Nuju ngagai Chara Baru ngagai Pengelik al-Quran |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=1 |issue=1 |date=1962 |pages=35–52 |jstor=20832619 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20832619 |access-date=20 December 2023 |last1=Al-Fārūqī |first1=Ismā'il Rāgī}}, {{cite journal |title=Towards a New Methodology for Qur'ānic Exegesis |trans-title=Nuju ngagai Chara Baru ngagai Pengelik al-Quran |journal=Muslim Life |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=January–March 1964 |pages=4–18}} * {{cite journal |title=On the Significance of Reinhold Niebuhr's Ideas of Society |trans-title=Ngenang Kapentingka Penemu Reinhold Niebuhr ngagai Masyarakat |journal=Canadian Journal of Theology |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=99–107}}, {{cite journal |title=On the Significance of Reinhold Niebuhr's Ideas of Society |trans-title=Ngenang Kapentingka Penemu Reinhold Niebuhr ngagai Masyarakat |journal=Muslim Life |volume=11 |issue=3 |date=Summer 1964 |pages=5–14}} * {{cite journal |title=A Comparison of the Islamic and Christian Approaches to Hebrew Scripture |trans-title=Pansik Bedau Antara Pengadang Islam enggau Kristian ngagai Kitab Ibrani |journal=Journal of Bible and Religions |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=283–293}} * {{cite journal |title=محاضرات في تاريخ الأديان (Muhadarat fi Tarikh al Adyan) |trans-title=Ngepan Pengajar ngagai Jerita Pemansang Pengarap |journal=Bulletin of the Faculty of Arts |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=65–74 |date=May 1959 |publisher=Cairo University Press |language=ar}} * {{cite journal |title=Pasal Manah Pengemansang Ummah |trans-title=Tentang Sebab Pengidup Ummah |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=159–203}} * {{cite journal |title=Nazariyat Islami Dawlat |trans-title=Teori Pengawa Islam Ngagai Menua |language=Urdu |journal=Chiragh-i-Rah |issue=Nazariyat Pakistan Number |date=December 1960 |pages=383–389}}, {{cite journal |title=The Nature of the Islamic State |trans-title=Penyadi Menua Islam |journal=The Voice of Islam |volume=9 |issue=4 |date=January 1961 |pages=169–177}} * {{cite journal |title=History of Religions: Its Nature and Significance for Christian Education and the Muslim-Christian Dialogue |trans-title=Sejarah Pengarap: Penyadi enggau Penting iya ngagai Pengidik Kristian enggau Dialog Islam-Kristian |journal=Numen: International Review for the History of Religions |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=81–86}}, {{cite journal |author=Professor Bernard E. Meland |title=In Response to Dr. Faruqi |trans-title=Serangka Menyaut Dr. Faruqi |journal=Numen |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=87–95}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Nazzam |trans-title=Al Nazzam |journal=Encyclopedia Britannica |volume=11}} * {{cite journal |title=Pakistan and the Islamic Imperative |trans-title=Pakistan enggau Pengawa Wajib Islam |journal=Islamic Literature |issue=1 |date=1966 |pages=1–10}} * {{cite journal |title=The Self in Mu'tazilah Thought |trans-title=Diri dalam Pengarap Mu'tazilah |journal=International Philosophical Quarterly |volume=101 |issue=3 |date=September 1966 |pages=366–388}}, {{cite journal |editor1=P.T. Raju |editor2=Albury Castell |title=The Self in Mu'tazilah Thought |trans-title=Diri Dalam Penemu Mu'tazilah |journal=East-West Studies on the Problem of the Self |publisher=M. Nijhoff |date=1968 |pages=87–107}} * {{cite journal |title=Science and Traditional Values in Islamic Society |trans-title=Penyelidi enggau Petung Urai Asal Dalam Masyarakat Islam |journal=Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science |volume=11 |issue=3 |date=September 1967 |pages=231–246}}, {{cite journal |editor=W. Morehouse |title=Science and Traditional Values in Islamic Society |trans-title=Sains enggau Nilai Tradisional dalam Masyarakat Islam |journal=Science and the Human Condition in India and Pakistan |publisher=The Rockefeller University Press |date=1968}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and Christianity: Prospects for Dialogue |trans-title=Islam enggau Kristian: Peluang ngagai Dialog |journal=The Sacred Heart Messenger |date=September 1967 |pages=29–33}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and Christianity: Diatribe or Dialogue |trans-title=Islam enggau Kristian: Kaul Nyamai atau Dialog |journal=Journal of Ecumenical Studies |volume=5 |issue=1 |date=1968 |pages=45–77}} * {{cite journal |editor=James P. Cotter |title=Islam and Christianity: Problems and Perspectives |trans-title=Islam enggau Kristian: Masalah enggau Pandangan |journal=The Word in the Third World |publisher=Corpus Books |location=Washington–Cleveland |date=1976 |pages=159–181}} * {{cite journal |title=The Problem of the Metaphysical Status of Values in the Western and Islamic Traditions |trans-title=Pengemasal Pengiring Mutlak Nilai dalam Adat Barat enggau Adat Islam |journal=Studia Islamica |volume=28 |pages=29–62}} * {{cite journal |title=The Ideal Social Order in the Arab World, 1800–1968 |trans-title=Pengatur Masyarakat Ngenap di Dunia Arab, 1800–1968 |journal=Journal of Church and State |volume=11 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1969 |pages=239–251 |doi=10.1093/jcs/11.2.239 |last1=Al Faruqi |first1=I. R. }} * {{cite journal |title=Forward: Six Basic Economic Principles in Islam |trans-title=Pendiau: Enam Teras Pemansang Ekonomi Dalam Islam |journal=Proceedings of the Third East Coast Regional Conference |location=Gary, IN |publisher=Muslim Students’ Association |date=1968 |pages=1–8}} * {{cite journal |title=The Challenge of Western Ideas for Islam |trans-title=Pengerubut Pemansang Barat Ngagai Islam |journal=Islamic Literature |date=September 1969 |pages=1–6}} * {{cite journal |title=Misconceptions of the Nature of the Work of Art in Islam |trans-title=Penyalah Pengereti Penyadi Pengawa Seni Dalam Islam |journal=Islam and the Modern Age |volume=1 |issue=1 |date=May 1970 |pages=29–44}}, {{cite journal |title=On the Nature of the Work of Art in Islam |trans-title=Pasal Penyadi Pengawa Seni Dalam Islam |journal=Islam and the Modern Age |volume=1 |issue=2 |date=August 1970 |pages=68–81}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and Art |trans-title=Islam enggau Seni |journal=Studia Islamica |volume=37 |pages=81–109 |date=1973}} * {{cite journal |title=Introduction |trans-title=Pengenalan |journal=Proceedings of the Third National Seminar of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists |location=Gary, IN |publisher=Association of Muslim Social Scientists |date=1974 |pages=v–ix}} * {{cite journal |title=The Essence of Religious Experience in Islam |trans-title=Penyadi Pengalam Pengarap Dalam Islam |journal=Numen |date=1973 |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=186–201 |doi=10.1163/156852773X00367 |last1=Al Faruqi |first1=Isma'il R. }} * {{cite journal |title=Internal Dynamics of the Muslim Community |trans-title=Pengelumun Di Baka Gerempung Pengarap Muslim |journal=Al-Ittihad |volume=12 |issue=3 |date=Summer 1975 |pages=2–7}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Asas al Mushtarak bayna al Islam wa al Masihiyah |trans-title=Asas Bersama Antara Islam enggau Kristian |journal=Al 'Ilm Wa al Imam |issue=6 |date=1396–1976 |pages=64–87}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Muslimun fi Amrika |trans-title=Muslim di Amerika |journal=Majallah al Buhuth al Islamiyah |volume=1 |issue=2 |date=1976 |pages=590–593}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam wa al Muslimun fi Amrika |trans-title=Islam enggau Muslim di Amerika |journal=Al Shabab al 'Arabi |date=November 1, 1976 |pages=3}}, {{cite journal |title=Islam wa al Muslimun fi Amrika |trans-title=Islam enggau Muslim di Amerika |journal=Al Shabab al 'Arabi |date=November 8, 1976 |pages=34}}, {{cite journal |title=Islam wa al Muslimun fi Amrika |trans-title=Islam enggau Muslim di Amerika |journal=Al Shabab al 'Arabi |date=November 15, 1976 |pages=34}}, {{cite journal |title=Islam wa al Muslimun fi Amrika |trans-title=Islam enggau Muslim di Amerika |journal=Al Shabab al 'Arabi |date=November 22, 1976 |pages=11}} * {{cite journal |title=The Muslim-Christian Dialogue: A Constructionist View |trans-title=Dialog Muslim-Kristian: Pandangan Konstruksionis |journal=Islam and the Modern Age |volume=8 |issue=1 |date=February 1977 |pages=5–36}} * {{cite journal |title=Adapting the Qur'an! |trans-title=Menyesuaikan al-Quran! |journal=Impact International |volume=7 |issue=4 |date=February–March 1977 |pages=10–11}} * {{cite journal |title=Moral Values in Medicine and Science |trans-title=Nilai Moral dalam Perubatan enggau Sains |journal=Biosciences Communications |volume=3 |issue=1 |date=1977}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Ijtihad wa al Ijma' ka Tarafay al Dinamikiyah fi al Islam |trans-title=Ijtihad enggau Ijma' sebagai Dua Dinamika dalam Islam |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |issue=9 |date=March 1977 |pages=5–18}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and the Social Sciences |trans-title=Islam enggau Sains Sosial |journal=Al-Ittihad |volume=14 |issue=1–2 |date=January–April 1977 |pages=38–40}} * {{cite journal |title=Ab'ad al Ibadat fi al Islam |trans-title=Dimensi Ibadat dalam Islam |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |issue=10 |pages=25–38 |date=1977}} * {{cite journal |title=Central Asia Report: Muslims Survive |trans-title=Laporan Asia Tengah: Muslim Tetap Berpengidup |journal=Impact International |date=October 1977 |pages=14–15}} * {{cite journal |editor=Altaf Gauhar |title=Islam and Other Faiths |trans-title=Islam enggau Pengarap Bukai |journal=The Challenge of Islam |publisher=Islamic Council of Europe |date=1978 |pages=82–111}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and Architecture |trans-title=Islam enggau Seni Bina |journal=The Muslim Scientist |volume=7 |issue=1–2 |date=March–June 1978 |pages=14–22}} * {{cite journal |title=Our Moral Dilemma |trans-title=Dilema Moral Kita |journal=The Voice of Islam |volume=8 |issue=5 |date=February 1978 |pages=9–11}} * {{cite journal |title=Uber das Wesen der Islamischen Da'wa |trans-title=Tentang Sifat Dakwah Islam |journal=Al-lslam |issue=2/77 |pages=2–8}} * {{cite journal |title=Nahnu wa al Gharb (We and the West) |trans-title=Kita enggau Barat |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |issue=11 |date=July 1977 |pages=21–35}} * {{cite web |title=On The Nature of Islamic Da'wah |trans-title=Tentang Sifat Dakwah Islam |date=March 10, 2010 |url=https://ismailfaruqi.com/articles/on-the-nature-of-islamic-dawah |access-date=June 21, 2024 |archive-date=June 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621073238/https://ismailfaruqi.com/articles/on-the-nature-of-islamic-dawah/ |url-status=dead }} * {{cite journal |title=Commentaries on Christian Missions in the Muslim World |trans-title=Ulasan ngagai Misi Kristian dalam Dunia Muslim |journal=International Review of Mission |volume=65 |issue=260 |date=October 1976 |pages=391–400; 385–460}} * {{cite journal |title=On the Metaphysics of Ethics in Islam |trans-title=Tentang Metafizik Etika dalam Islam |journal=Listening: Journal of Culture and Religion |volume=14 |issue=1 |date=Winter 1979 |pages=25–43}} * {{cite journal |title=Is the Muslim Definable in Terms of His Economic Pursuits? |trans-title=Muslim Dikemaka melalui Pengidup Ekonomi Iya? |journal=Islamic Perspectives: Essays in Honor of A. A. Mawdudi |editor=Khurshid Ahmad and Z. Ansari |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |date=1979 |pages=183–193}} * {{cite journal |title=Divine Transcendence: Its Expression in Christianity and Islam |trans-title=Ketunggalan Tuhan: Pengelantang Nyadi dalam Kristian enggau Islam |journal=World Faiths |volume=107 |date=Spring 1979 |pages=11–19}} * {{cite journal |title=Islamic Renaissance in Contemporary Society |trans-title=Kebangkitan Semula Islam dalam Masyarakat Kontemporari |journal=Al Ittihad |volume=15 |issue=4 |date=October 1978 |pages=15–23}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Mar'ah al Muslimah |trans-title=Indu Muslim |journal=Al Islam |volume=23 |issue=1–2 |pages=84–90 |date=1979 |quote=Muharram–Safar 1399}} * {{cite journal |title=Islamizing the Social Sciences |trans-title=Pengislaman Sains Sosial |journal=Studies in Islam |volume=16 |issue=2 |date=April 1979 |pages=108–121}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and the Tehran Hostages |trans-title=Islam enggau Tawan Tehran |journal=The Wall Street Journal |date=November 28, 1979 |pages=24}} * {{cite journal |title=Rights of Non-Muslims under Islam: Social and Cultural Aspects |trans-title=Hak Bukan Muslim dalam Islam: Aspek Sosial enggau Budaya |journal=Journal of the Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs |volume=1 |issue=1 |date=Summer 1979 |pages=90–102 |doi=10.1080/02666957908715785 |last1=Al-Faruqi |first1=Ismail }} * {{cite journal |title=Controversy over the Moon |trans-title=Kontroversi Tentang Bulan |journal=Voice of Islam |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=March 1980 |pages=3–5}} * {{cite journal |title=Siyaghah al 'Ulum al Ijtima'iyah Siyaghah Islamiyah |trans-title=Pengislaman Sains Sosial |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=20 |date=October–December 1979 |pages=25–41}} * {{cite journal |editor=Islamic Council of Europe |title=The Islamic Faith |trans-title=Kepercayaan Islam |journal=Jerusalem: The Key to World Peace |publisher=Longman |date=1980 |pages=77–105}} * {{cite journal |title=Stream of Ideas Flows into Social Sciences |trans-title=Aliran Penemu Ngemansang Sains Sosial |journal=The Times Educational Supplement |location=London |date=September 5, 1980 |pages=39}} * {{cite journal |editor=Warren Lewis |title=The Role of Islam in Global Interreligious Dependence |trans-title=Peranan Islam dalam Pergantungan Agama Global |journal=Towards a Global Congress of the World's Religions |location=Barrytown, NY |publisher=Unification Theological Seminary |pages=19–38}} * {{cite journal |title=Humanitarian and Egalitarian Aspects of Islamic Law |trans-title=Aspek Kemanusiaan enggau Keadilan Hukum Islam |journal=Arab Perspectives |volume=1 |issue=6 |date=September 1980 |pages=6–10}} * {{cite journal |title=Islamic Ideals in North America |trans-title=Idealisme Islam di Amerika Utara |journal=SIM News Bulletin |volume=4 |issue=2–3 |pages=23–26 |date=February 1981}}, {{cite journal |title=Islamic Ideals in North America |trans-title=Idealisme Islam di Amerika Utara |journal=SIM News Bulletin |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=9–14}} * {{cite journal |title=Umat Islam — Cabaran-cabaran Pemikiran Kini |trans-title=Umat Islam — Cabaran Pengarap Kin |journal=Diskusi |volume=5 |issue=12 |date=December 1980 |pages=2–5}} * {{cite journal |title=Universiti Negara Membangun — Kearah Mana? |trans-title=Universiti Negara Berkembang — Ngagai Mana? |journal=Panji Masyarakat |location=Malaysia |date=December 1980 |pages=5–9}} * {{cite journal |title=The Living Reality of Faith |trans-title=Kenyataan Pengidup Kepercayaan |journal=Today's World |volume=1 |issue=4 |location=New York, USA |publisher=Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity (HSA-UWC) |date=December 1980}} * {{cite journal |title=I'adah al Bina' al Islami wa al Sultah al Siyasiyah |trans-title=Pembangunan Semula Islam enggau Kuasa Politik |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=5 |issue=22 |date=April–June 1980 |pages=37–71}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Tawhid wa al Fann |trans-title=Tawhid enggau Seni |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=5 |issue=23 |pages=159–180 |date=July–September 1980}}, {{cite journal |title=Al Tawhid wa al Fann |trans-title=Tawhid enggau Seni |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=5 |issue=24 |pages=183–196 |date=October–December 1980}}, {{cite journal |title=Al Tawhid wa al Fann |trans-title=Tawhid enggau Seni |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=7 |issue=25 |pages=137–163 |date=January–March 1981}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and Labour |trans-title=Islam enggau Pengawa |journal=Islam and a New International Economic Order |publisher=International Institute for Labour Studies |location=Geneva |date=1980 |pages=79–101}} * {{cite journal |title=Hak Bukan Islam Dalam Islam |trans-title=Hak Orang Bukai Islam dalam Agama Islam |journal=Diskusi |volume=5 |issue=7/1980 |pages=2–5, 48 |date=July–August 1980}}, {{cite journal |title=Hak Bukan Islam Dalam Islam |trans-title=Hak Orang Bukai Islam dalam Agama Islam |journal=Diskusi |volume=5 |issue=8/1980 |pages=8–12 |date=August–September 1980}}, {{cite journal |title=Hak Bukan Islam Dalam Islam |trans-title=Hak Orang Bukai Islam dalam Agama Islam |journal=Diskusi |volume=5 |issue=9/1980 |pages=15–18, 51 |date=September–October 1980}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and Architecture |trans-title=Islam enggau Seni Bina |journal=Fine Arts in Islamic Civilization |editor=M. A. J. Beg |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=The University of Malaya Press |date=1981 |pages=99–117}} * {{cite journal |title=What Is a Muslim? |trans-title=Apai Muslim Nya? |journal=Al-Nahdah |volume=1 |issue=1 |date=March 1981 |pages=4–6}} * {{cite journal |title=Kuzey Amerika'da Islami idealler |trans-title=Idealisma Islam di Amerika Utara |journal=Yenidevir |location=Istanbul |pages=6 |date=April 29, 1981}} * {{cite book |title=Social and Natural Sciences |trans-title=Sains Sosial enggau Alam |chapter=The Ummah and Its Civilizational Christ |trans-chapter=Ummah enggau Kristus Tamadun |editor1-first=Isma’il R. |editor1-last=al-Faruqi |editor2-first=Abdullah O. |editor2-last=Naseef |location=Sevenoaks, UK |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |date=1981 |pages=100–115}} * {{cite journal |title=Islamizing the Social Sciences |trans-title=Ngislamka Sains Sosial |journal=Islamika |location=Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) |publisher=Sarjana Enterprise |date=1981 |pages=1–8}} * {{cite journal |title=Can a Muslim Be Rich? |trans-title=Muslim Nya Tau Nyadi Kaya? |journal=The Muslim Reader |volume=2 |issue=3 |date=December 1980 |pages=2, 11}} * {{cite journal |title=Huquq Ghayr al Muslimin fi al Dawlah al Islamiyah |trans-title=Hak Orang Bukai Islam dalam Menyadi Pemansang Negara Islam |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=7 |issue=26 |date=April–June 1981 |pages=19–40}} * {{cite journal |title=Jawhar al Hadarah al Islamiyah |trans-title=Jantong Tamadun Islam |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=7 |issue=27 |date=July–September 1981 |pages=9–28}} * {{cite journal |title=Why Is the Muslim a Muslim? |trans-title=Ngapa Muslim Nyadi Muslim? |journal=Al Nahdah |volume=1 |issue=2 |date=April–June 1981 |pages=5–7}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam in North America |trans-title=Islam di Amerika Utara |journal=Al Risalah |volume=6 |issue=2 |date=1981 |pages=28–37}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Nahdah al Islamiyah fi al Mujtama' al Mu'asir |trans-title=Kebangkitan Semula Islam dalam Masyarakat Kemansang |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=7 |issue=28 |date=October–December 1981 |pages=51–67}} * {{cite journal |title=Since When Is Anyone a Muslim? |trans-title=Ari Bila Nya Sapa-sapa Tau Nyadi Muslim? |journal=Al Nahdah |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=July–August 1981 |pages=4–6}} * {{cite journal |title=Moments of the Muslim's Religious Life |trans-title=Detik Pengidup Agama Muslim |journal=Al Nahdah |volume=1 |issue=4 |date=October–December 1981 |pages=5–6}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam as Culture and Civilization |trans-title=Islam Baka Budaya enggau Tamadun |journal=Islam and Contemporary Society |location=London and New York |publisher=Longman and the Islamic Council of Europe |date=1982 |pages=140–176}} * {{cite journal |title=Jawhar al Hadarah al Islamiyah |trans-title=Jantong Tamadun Islam |journal=Al Islam Wa al Hadarah |location=Riyadh |publisher=Al Nadwah al ‘Alamiyah li al Shahab al Islami |volume=2 |date=1979 |pages=583–668}} * {{cite journal |title=Intention and Works in Islam |trans-title=Pengawa enggau Niat dalam Islam |journal=Al Fikr al Islami |location=Algiers |publisher=Ministry of Religious Affairs |volume=3 |date=1976 |pages=135–164}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Ab'ad al Ruhiyah, wa al Siyasiyah, wa al Iqtisadiyah, wa al Ijtima'iyah li al 'Ibadat, wa Ahamiyatuha li Kullin min al Ummah wa al Fard |trans-title=Dimensi Rohani, Politik, Ekonomi, enggau Sosial Ibadat: Penting Iya ngagai Ummah enggau Indu |journal=Al Fikr al Islami |location=Algiers |publisher=Ministry of Religious Affairs |volume=4 |date=1976 |pages=9–24, 71–158}} * {{cite journal |title=How the U. S. and Islam Can Work Together |trans-title=Renggat Nya Amerika Syarikat enggau Islam Tau Berengkah Bekerja |journal=Arabia |issue=10 |date=June 1982 |pages=36}} * {{cite journal |title=Siyam (Fasting) |trans-title=Puasa (Siyam) |journal=Al Nahdah |volume=2 |issue=2 |date=April–June 1982 |pages=6–7}} * {{cite journal |title=Salat (Worship) |trans-title=Sembahyang (Salat) |journal=Al Nahdah |volume=2 |issue=1 |date=January–March 1982 |pages=6–7}} * {{cite journal |title=On the Nature of Islamic Da'wah |trans-title=Tentang Sifat Dakwah Islam |journal=The Muslim |date=October 1981 |pages=1–4}} * {{cite journal |editor=Henry O. Thompson |title=Divine Transcendence and Its Expression |trans-title=Ketunggalan Tuhan enggau Pengelantang Iya |journal=The Global Congress of the World's Religions, Proceedings 1980–1982 |location=New York |publisher=The Rose of Sharon Press |date=1982 |pages=267–316}} * {{cite journal |title=Hisab ma'a al Jami'iyin |trans-title=Pengira enggau Komuniti |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=8 |issue=31 |date=May–July 1982 |pages=47–57}} * {{cite journal |title=Freedom of Non-Muslims in an Islamic State |trans-title=Kebebasan Orang Bukai Muslim dalam Negara Islam |journal=The Muslim Reader |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=32–35 |date=July 1982 |quote=Published in Ramadan 1402}} * {{cite journal |title=Hicret'in Ihyasi ve Zamanimizda Yeniden Ikamesinin Luzumu |trans-title=Penghidup Semula Hijrah enggau Kepentingan Iya di Zaman Kini |journal=Milli Gazette |date=October 13, 1982 |quote=Published serially from October 13, 1982 to December 1, 1982 (12/26/1402 – 1/15/1403 Hijri)}} * {{cite journal |title=Islamic 'Fundamentalism' and the U.S.A. |trans-title=Asas Islam enggau Amerika Syarikat |journal=Islamic Fundamentalism |editor=Karim B. Akhtar and Ahmad H. Sakr |location=Cedar Rapids, IA |publisher=Igram Press |date=1982 |pages=122–125}} * {{cite journal |editor=Graciela de la Lama |title=Islam and Other Faiths |trans-title=Islam enggau Pengarap Bukai |journal=30th International Congress of Human Sciences in Asia and North Africa, Middle East 1 |location=Mexico City |publisher=El Colegio de Mexico |date=1982 |pages=153–179}} * {{cite journal |title=The Nation State and Social Order in the Perspective of Islam |trans-title=Negara Bangsa enggau Susun Sosial dalam Pandangan Islam |journal=Trialogue of the Abrahamic Faiths |location=Herndon, VA |publisher=HIT |date=1982 |pages=47–59}} * {{cite journal |title=Aslimah al Ma'rifah |trans-title=Ketulenan Penemu |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=8 |issue=32 |date=August–October 1982 |pages=9–23}} * {{cite journal |title=Islam and the Theory of Nature |trans-title=Islam enggau Teori Alam |journal=The Islamic Quarterly |volume=26 |issue=1 |date=1982 |pages=16–26}} * {{cite journal |title=The Objective of the Seminar |trans-title=Tujuan Seminar |journal=Knowledge for What? (Proceedings of the Seminar of Islamization of Knowledge, Rabi' al Awwal 1402 / January 1982) |location=Islamabad |publisher=Institute of Education |date=1982 |pages=ix–xii}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Waugh |editor1-first=Earle H. |editor2-last=Abu-Laban |editor2-first=Baha |editor3-last=Qureshi |editor3-first=Regula B. |title=The Muslim Community in North America |trans-title=Komuniti Muslim di Amerika Utara |chapter=Islamic Ideals in North America |trans-chapter=Idealisma Islam di Amerika Utara |date=1983 |publisher=The University of Alberta Press |location=Edmonton |pages=359–370}} * {{cite journal |title=Report of the Seminar |trans-title=Laporan Seminar |journal=Knowledge for What? (Proceedings of the Seminar of Islamization of Knowledge, Rabi' al Awwal 1402 / January 1982) |location=Islamabad |publisher=Institute of Education |date=1982 |pages=xxii–xxvi}} * {{cite journal |title=Islamization of Knowledge: The General Principles and the Work-plan |trans-title=Pengislaman Penemu: Prinsip Umum enggau Pelan Pengawa |journal=Knowledge for What? (Proceedings of the Seminar of Islamization of Knowledge, Rabi' al Awwal 1402 / January 1982) |location=Islamabad |publisher=Institute of Education |date=1982 |pages=1–49}} * {{cite journal |title=Nahwa Jami'ah Islamiyah |trans-title=Menuju Universiti Islam |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=9 |issue=33 |pages=47–56 |date=November 1982 |quote=Published from November 1982 to January 1983}} * {{cite journal |title=Islamization of Knowledge: The General Principles and the Work Plan |trans-title=Pengislaman Penemu: Prinsip Umum enggau Pelan Pengawa |journal=Pakistan Journal of History and Culture |volume=3 |issue=1 |date=January–June 1982 |pages=21–69}} * {{cite journal |title=Islamic Message and Islamic Vision: A Challenge for Muslims in America |trans-title=Surat Islam enggau Pandang Islam: Cabaran ngagai Muslim di Amerika |journal=The Orange Crescent |volume=9 |issue=4 |date=April 1983 |pages=1–3}} * {{cite journal |title=Al Islam wa Farm al 'Amarah |trans-title=Islam enggau Kepemimpinan |journal=Al Muslim al Mu'asir |volume=9 |issue=34 |date=February–April 1983 |pages=87–99}} == Laman web ke bukai == * [https://ismailfaruqi.com Ismail Faruqi Dalam Talian] Archived Laman web pasal pengidup enggau pengawa Dr. * [[openlibrary:authors/OL175450A/Ismaʼil_R._Al-Faruqi|Karya Ismail al-Faruqi]] dalam ''Perpustakaan Terbuka'', Arkib Internet . 12wvh7ghphjf37j2dzmvdzl6aazf6q1 10 3438 13006 12978 2025-06-11T14:38:52Z Song GK 9 13006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalam berita/gambar | image = DS15 BORG.jpg | width = | caption = BORG Dreierschützengasse maya taun 2022 | title = | alt = | link = | border = yes | caption align = left }} *<!--10 Jun--> '''[[Penusah betimbak sekula Graz|Penusah betimbak]]''' ba [[sekula sekondari]] ''(gambar)'' di [[Graz]], Austria, ngujungka sebelas iku orang parai. *<!--08 Jun--> Di '''[[Anugerah Tony ke-78|Anugerah Tony]]''', ''[[Purpose (lakun)|Purpose]]'' menang [[Anugerah Tony ungkup Lakun Pemadu Manah|Lakun Pemadu Manah]] lalu ''[[Maybe Happy Ending]]'' menang [[Anugerah Tony ungkup Muzikal Pemadu Manah|Muzikal Pemadu Manah]]. *<!--03 Jun--> [[Perdana Menteri Mongolia]] '''[[Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene]]''' ngelengka pangku pengawa sepengudah [[Pemantah Mongolia 2025|beminggu-minggu bantah]]. *<!--03 Jun--> Di Belanda, [[Pengawa bepilih besai Belanda 2025|pengawa bepilih tumu]] diatur sepengudah '''[[kabinet Schoof]]''' labuh lebuh [[Parti ungkup Pengelepas|PVV]] ninggalka perintah pegulai ke merintah. b49kc5eohs93gdii1brdzxqwlzgnaqy 0 3824 13007 2025-06-11T14:54:36Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1295045364|Graz]] " 13007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Graz | official_name = | settlement_type = [[Statutory city (Austria)|Statutory city]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/2/2/1 | total_width = 275 | align = center | caption_align = center | image1 = Graz (35932179023).jpg | caption1 = Graz View from [[Schlossberg (Graz)|Schlossberg]] | image2 = GrazerRathaus-edit.jpg | caption2 = Graz City Hall | image3 = Graz Kunsthaus-4476.jpg | caption3 = [[Kunsthaus Graz]] | image4 = Murinsel_Graz_2022-08-03_06.jpg | caption4 = [[Murinsel]] | image5 = Graz - Universität, Hauptgebäude (a).JPG | caption5 = [[Graz University]] | image6 = | caption6 = | image7 = | caption7 = | image8 = | caption8 = }} | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of Graz.svg | image_shield = AUT Graz COA.svg | shield_size = 80x110px | shield_link = <!-- Maps --> | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = Location within [[Statutory city (Austria)|Statutory city]] district | pushpin_map = Austria Styria#Austria | pushpin_mapsize = 280 | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Styria | coordinates = {{coord|47|04|15|N|15|26|19|E|type:city|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{AUT}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Federal states of Austria|Federal state]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Styria}} | subdivision_type2 = [[District (Austria)|District]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Statutory city (Austria)|Statutory city]] | established_title = | established_date = | parts_type = | parts_style = para | p1 = | leader_party = | leader_title = [[Burgomaster|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Elke Kahr]] ([[Communist Party of Austria|KPÖ]])<ref name="arora">{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Steffen |title=KPÖ-geführte Linkskoalition stellt ihr "Programm für Graz" vor |url=https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000131128582/kpoe-gefuehrte-links-koalition-stellt-ihr-programm-fuer-graz-vor |access-date=17 November 2021 |work=[[Der Standard]] |date=13 November 2021 |language=de-AT}}</ref> | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = <!-- Statistics --> | area_footnotes = {{Austria population Wikidata|area_footnotes}} | area_total_km2 = {{Austria population Wikidata|area_total_km2}} | elevation_m = 353 | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | population_total = 306,068 | population_as_of = 1 January 2025 | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.graz.at/cms/beitrag/10034466/7772565/zahlen_fakten_bevoelkerung_bezirke_wirtschaft.html|access-date=5 February 2025 |title=Zahlen + Fakten: Bevölkerung, Bezirke, Wirtschaft, Geografie }}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = | population_metro = | population_demonym = Grazer ([[English language|en]]) <br/> Grazer (m.) <br/> Grazerin (f.) ([[German language|de]]) | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Austria|Postal code]] | postal_code = A-801x, A-802x, A-803x, A-804x, A-805x | area_code = +43 316 | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Austria|Area code]] | registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of Austria|G]] | website = [https://www.graz.at www.graz.at] }} '''Graz''' nyadi indu nengeri nengeri federal Austria Styria lalu nyadi nengeri kedua pemadu besai di Austria, pengudah Vienna. Naka 1 Januari 2025, Graz ngembuan penyampau tubuh 306,068 iku (343,461 nyengkaum palan pengentap pendiau sekunder).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zahlen + Fakten: Bevölkerung, Bezirke, Wirtschaft, Geografie - Stadtportal der Landeshauptstadt Graz|url=https://www.graz.at/cms/beitrag/10034466/7772565/zahlen_fakten_bevoelkerung_bezirke_wirtschaft.html}}</ref> Ba taun 2023, penyampau tubuh ba zon kandang mengeri besai Graz (LUZ) manggai 660,238 iku.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population on 1 January by five year age group, sex and metropolitan regions|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/met_pjangrp3/default/table?lang=en&category=reg_typ.met.met_demo|access-date=2024-07-16|website=Eurostat}}</ref> Graz dikelala nyadi nengeri pelajar tinggi, enggau empat bengkah kolej enggau empat bengkah universiti. Enti dipegulai, nengeri tu endur lebih 60,000 iku tarak.<ref name="graz stats">{{cite web|title=Numbers and facts: population, districts, economy, geography (Zahlen + Fakten: Bevölkerung, Bezirke, Wirtschaft, Geografie)|url=https://www.graz.at/cms/beitrag/10034466/7772565/Zahlen_Fakten_Bevoelkerung_Bezirke_Wirtschaft.html|publisher=Graz municipality|access-date=23 November 2019|language=de|date=2018}}</ref> Palan besejarah iya (''Altstadt'') nya siti ari palan nengeri ke pemadu manah dijaga di Eropah Tengah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.interreg-central.eu/Content.Node/SOLEZ/Graz.html|title=City of Graz/Stadt Graz|website=Interreg CENTRAL EUROPE|language=en-GB|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=25 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625075507/https://www.interreg-central.eu/Content.Node/SOLEZ/Graz.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dalam taun 1999, palan besejarah nengeri tu ditambah ngagai rintai Palan Pesaka Dunya UNESCO lalu dalam taun 2010 nama nya ditambahka nyengkaum Istana Eggenberg ({{Langx|de|Schloss Eggenberg}}) ba tisi barat nengeri nya. Graz dichiri nyadi Indu Nengeri Budaya Eropah dalam taun 2003 lalu nyadi Nengeri Pengelantang Kulinari dalam taun 2008. Kelimpah ari nya, mengeri tu diaku Rangkaian Mengeri Kreatif UNESCO nyadi "Nengeri Desain". cati6rwayhyk5mcqdqaq1b55ourcelu 13008 13007 2025-06-11T14:55:18Z Song GK 9 13008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Graz | official_name = | settlement_type = [[Statutory city (Austria)|Statutory city]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/2/2/1 | total_width = 275 | align = center | caption_align = center | image1 = Graz (35932179023).jpg | caption1 = Graz View from [[Schlossberg (Graz)|Schlossberg]] | image2 = GrazerRathaus-edit.jpg | caption2 = Graz City Hall | image3 = Graz Kunsthaus-4476.jpg | caption3 = [[Kunsthaus Graz]] | image4 = Murinsel_Graz_2022-08-03_06.jpg | caption4 = [[Murinsel]] | image5 = Graz - Universität, Hauptgebäude (a).JPG | caption5 = [[Graz University]] | image6 = | caption6 = | image7 = | caption7 = | image8 = | caption8 = }} | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of Graz.svg | image_shield = AUT Graz COA.svg | shield_size = 80x110px | shield_link = <!-- Maps --> | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = Location within [[Statutory city (Austria)|Statutory city]] district | pushpin_map = Austria Styria#Austria | pushpin_mapsize = 280 | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Styria | coordinates = {{coord|47|04|15|N|15|26|19|E|type:city|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{AUT}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Federal states of Austria|Federal state]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Styria}} | subdivision_type2 = [[District (Austria)|District]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Statutory city (Austria)|Statutory city]] | established_title = | established_date = | parts_type = | parts_style = para | p1 = | leader_party = | leader_title = [[Burgomaster|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Elke Kahr]] ([[Communist Party of Austria|KPÖ]])<ref name="arora">{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Steffen |title=KPÖ-geführte Linkskoalition stellt ihr "Programm für Graz" vor |url=https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000131128582/kpoe-gefuehrte-links-koalition-stellt-ihr-programm-fuer-graz-vor |access-date=17 November 2021 |work=[[Der Standard]] |date=13 November 2021 |language=de-AT}}</ref> | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = <!-- Statistics --> | area_footnotes = {{Austria population Wikidata|area_footnotes}} | area_total_km2 = {{Austria population Wikidata|area_total_km2}} | elevation_m = 353 | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | population_total = 306,068 | population_as_of = 1 January 2025 | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.graz.at/cms/beitrag/10034466/7772565/zahlen_fakten_bevoelkerung_bezirke_wirtschaft.html|access-date=5 February 2025 |title=Zahlen + Fakten: Bevölkerung, Bezirke, Wirtschaft, Geografie }}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = | population_metro = | population_demonym = Grazer ([[English language|en]]) <br/> Grazer (m.) <br/> Grazerin (f.) ([[German language|de]]) | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Austria|Postal code]] | postal_code = A-801x, A-802x, A-803x, A-804x, A-805x | area_code = +43 316 | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Austria|Area code]] | registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of Austria|G]] | website = [https://www.graz.at www.graz.at] }} '''Graz''' nyadi indu nengeri nengeri federal Austria Styria lalu nyadi nengeri kedua pemadu besai di Austria, pengudah Vienna. Naka 1 Januari 2025, Graz ngembuan penyampau tubuh 306,068 iku (343,461 nyengkaum palan pengentap pendiau sekunder).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zahlen + Fakten: Bevölkerung, Bezirke, Wirtschaft, Geografie - Stadtportal der Landeshauptstadt Graz|url=https://www.graz.at/cms/beitrag/10034466/7772565/zahlen_fakten_bevoelkerung_bezirke_wirtschaft.html}}</ref> Ba taun 2023, penyampau tubuh ba zon kandang mengeri besai Graz (LUZ) manggai 660,238 iku.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population on 1 January by five year age group, sex and metropolitan regions|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/met_pjangrp3/default/table?lang=en&category=reg_typ.met.met_demo|access-date=2024-07-16|website=Eurostat}}</ref> Graz dikelala nyadi nengeri pelajar tinggi, enggau empat bengkah kolej enggau empat bengkah universiti. Enti dipegulai, nengeri tu endur lebih 60,000 iku tarak.<ref name="graz stats">{{cite web|title=Numbers and facts: population, districts, economy, geography (Zahlen + Fakten: Bevölkerung, Bezirke, Wirtschaft, Geografie)|url=https://www.graz.at/cms/beitrag/10034466/7772565/Zahlen_Fakten_Bevoelkerung_Bezirke_Wirtschaft.html|publisher=Graz municipality|access-date=23 November 2019|language=de|date=2018}}</ref> Palan besejarah iya (''Altstadt'') nya siti ari palan nengeri ke pemadu manah dijaga di Eropah Tengah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.interreg-central.eu/Content.Node/SOLEZ/Graz.html|title=City of Graz/Stadt Graz|website=Interreg CENTRAL EUROPE|language=en-GB|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=25 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625075507/https://www.interreg-central.eu/Content.Node/SOLEZ/Graz.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dalam taun 1999, palan besejarah nengeri tu ditambah ngagai rintai Palan Pesaka Dunya UNESCO lalu dalam taun 2010 nama nya ditambahka nyengkaum Istana Eggenberg ({{Langx|de|Schloss Eggenberg}}) ba tisi barat nengeri nya. Graz dichiri nyadi Indu Nengeri Budaya Eropah dalam taun 2003 lalu nyadi Nengeri Pengelantang Kulinari dalam taun 2008. Kelimpah ari nya, mengeri tu diaku Rangkaian Mengeri Kreatif UNESCO nyadi "Nengeri Desain". ==Penyanding== {{reflist}} pcbl0fxlbiympl2yvkf55liprhvuts8 828 3825 13009 2025-06-11T14:56:23Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan 'return { name = 'Styria', top = 47.8849333, bottom = 46.57305, left = 13.5085305, right = 16.2235138, image = 'Austria Styria adm location map.svg', image1 = 'Austria Styria relief location map.svg' }' 13009 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Styria', top = 47.8849333, bottom = 46.57305, left = 13.5085305, right = 16.2235138, image = 'Austria Styria adm location map.svg', image1 = 'Austria Styria relief location map.svg' } 7kueprsewbz43i6ybcxutck7f0nddos 828 3826 13010 2025-06-11T14:57:10Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan 'return { name = 'Austria', top = 49.2, bottom = 46.3, left = 9.4, right = 17.2, image = 'Austria adm location map.svg', image1 = 'Austria relief location map.jpg' }' 13010 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Austria', top = 49.2, bottom = 46.3, left = 9.4, right = 17.2, image = 'Austria adm location map.svg', image1 = 'Austria relief location map.jpg' } m7u4e1aktlv25h6jb2v3ckjuku91u44 828 3827 13011 2025-06-11T14:58:32Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan 'return { lang = "de", ["1"] = {name="Burgenland"}, ["2"] = {name="Carinthia",isoname="Kärnten"}, ["3"] = {name="Lower Austria",isoname="Niederösterreich"}, ["4"] = {name="Upper Austria",isoname="Oberösterreich"}, ["5"] = {name="Salzburg"}, ["6"] = {name="Styria",isoname="Steiermark"}, ["7"] = {name="Tyrol",isoname="Tirol"}, ["8"] = {name="Vorarlberg"}, ["9"] = {name="Vienna",isoname="Wien"} }' 13011 Scribunto text/plain return { lang = "de", ["1"] = {name="Burgenland"}, ["2"] = {name="Carinthia",isoname="Kärnten"}, ["3"] = {name="Lower Austria",isoname="Niederösterreich"}, ["4"] = {name="Upper Austria",isoname="Oberösterreich"}, ["5"] = {name="Salzburg"}, ["6"] = {name="Styria",isoname="Steiermark"}, ["7"] = {name="Tyrol",isoname="Tirol"}, ["8"] = {name="Vorarlberg"}, ["9"] = {name="Vienna",isoname="Wien"} } hkkb18zulbqn1esywqlf1d9vubk3lrd