Wikipedia ibawiki https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambar_Keterubah MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.7 first-letter Media Spesyel Randau Penggena Randau penggena Wikipedia Randau Wikipedia Fail Randau fail MediaWiki Randau MediaWiki Templat Randau templat Bantu Randau bantu Kategori Randau kategori TimedText TimedText talk Modul Randau modul Acara Perbincangan acara 0 3900 13240 13149 2025-06-30T12:06:46Z Song GK 9 13240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Beyoncé | image = Beyoncé - Tottenham Hotspur Stadium - 1st Jun 2023 (10 of 118) (52946364598) (best crop).jpg | alt = Beyoncé holding a microphone to her mouth | caption = Beyoncé in 2023 | other_names = <!--Not necessary to list Beyoncé Knowles-Carter or Sasha Fierce (which is not a name that Beyoncé is professionally or legally known by. See: Template:Infobox person. -->{{hlist|Harmonies by the Hive<ref>{{Cite web |website=Vulture |last=Curto|first=Justin|date=April 30, 2021 |title=Yes, 'Harmonies by The Hive' Is Beyoncé|url=https://www.vulture.com/2021/04/harmonies-by-the-hive-beyonce-dj-khaled-album.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211027/https://www.vulture.com/2021/04/harmonies-by-the-hive-beyonce-dj-khaled-album.html |archive-date=October 27, 2021|access-date=May 8, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> |Queen Bey<ref name="Queen-Bey2" /> |Queen B<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Gay |first=Jason |date=February 10, 2013 |title=Beyoncé Knowles: The Queen B |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/beyonce-knowles-the-queen-b| url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211027/https://www.vogue.com/article/beyonce-knowles-the-queen-b |archive-date=October 27, 2021 |magazine=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] |access-date=October 18, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> |[[Third Ward, Houston|Third Ward]] Trill<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Platon |first=Adelle |title=Keep It Trill: Beyonce Hangs with Houston Rap Legends Bun B, Slim Thug and More |magazine=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]] |date=July 16, 2013 | url=https://www.vibe.com/gallery/beyonce-houston-mrs-carter-tour-bun-b-slim-thug/ |access-date=June 14, 2025}}</ref> |}} | birth_name = Beyoncé Giselle Knowles | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1981|9|4}} | birth_place = [[Houston]], Texas, U.S.<!--As per WP:LINKDIRECT and Template:infobox person, birthplace indicates city, state, then country. No need to spell out "United States; 'U.S.' is fine.--> | occupation = {{flatlist| * Penanyi * Penulis Lagu * Pelakun * Indu ti bedagang * Philanthropi * Ngaga Lagu * Direktor }} | years_active = 1990–present<!--Do not change the year to 1997. Although that was the year Beyoncé finally got her big break when she was in Destiny's Child, she actually began her career in 1990 as a child.--> | organization = {{flatlist| * [[BeyGood]] * [[Parkwood Entertainment]] * [[Ivy Park]] * [[Cécred]] * [[SirDavis]]}} | notable_works = {{hlist|[[Beyoncé albums discography|Albums]]{{efn|For her works with [[Destiny's Child]] and [[the Carters]], see [[Destiny's Child discography]], [[List of Destiny's Child songs]] and [[The Carters#Discography|the Carters discography]]}}|[[Beyoncé singles discography|singles]]|[[List of songs recorded by Beyoncé|songs]]|[[Beyoncé videography|videos]]|[[List of Beyoncé live performances|performances]]}}<!--Beyoncé's fashion and business works are in "organizations"--> | spouse = {{marriage|[[Jay-Z]]|April 4, 2008}} | children = 3, including [[Blue Ivy Carter|Blue Ivy]] | parents = {{ubl|[[Mathew Knowles]]|[[Tina Knowles]]}} | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Solange Knowles]] (sister) * [[Angela Beyincé]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Beyoncé|Full list]] | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] * [[Pop music|pop]] * [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] }} | instrument = Vocals | label = {{flatlist| * [[Parkwood Entertainment|Parkwood]] * [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] * [[Music World Entertainment|Music World]] }} | publishers = [[Sony Music Publishing]]<ref>{{Cite news |author=Stassen, Murray |title=Beyoncé signs global deal with Sony/ATV |url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/beyonce-signs-global-deal-with-sony-atv/ |work=[[MusicBusiness Worldwide]] |date=January 21, 2020 |accessdate=June 20, 2025}}</ref> | current_member_of = [[The Carters]] | past_member_of = [[Destiny's Child]] <!--Please do not add to this list without first discussing your proposal on the talk page. --> | website = {{URL|beyonce.com}} }} | signature = Beyoncé autograph.svg | signature_size = 150px }} '''Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter''' ( {{IPAc-en|b|i|ˈ|ɒ|n|s|eɪ|audio=En-us-Beyonce.ogg}} {{respell|bee|ON|say}} ; ada kena ka 4 September 1981) iya nya siku penyanyi, penulis lagu, pelakun, enggau indu dagang Amerika. Dalam timpuh tiga dekad pengawa ti ditanda enggau penemu baru muzik ti enda ngetu, iya udah netapka diri nyadi siku ari orang ti pemadu signifikan ba budaya abad ke-21 . Dikelala enggau penau vokal, versatility muzik, enggau persembahan live, Beyoncé diberi kredit enggau revolusyen bunyi muzik popular lalu suah dikumbai nyadi siku ari artis ke pemadu dikelala sepanjai maya. Beyoncé tebilang dalam taun 1997 nyadi kaban Destiny's Child, iya nya siti ari raban indu ke pemadu laku sepanjai maya . Album solo keterubah iya, ''Dangerously in Love'' (2003), nyadi siti ari album ke pemadu laku ba abad ke-21 . Pengudah Destiny’s Child direrak ba taun 2005, Beyoncé ngeluarka set ''B’Day'' ti ditempa ari pengawa meri kuasa ngagai indu lalu belakun dalam filem ''Dreamgirls'' maya taun 2006. Pengawa iya jadi enggau rapper Jay-Z sereta ngelakunka Etta James dalam filem drama biografi ''Cadillac Records'' (2008) ngasuh ''I Am...'' ''Sasha Garang'' (2008), ti mansik pop enggau elektropop . Album-album nya ngundan lagu single lumur satu <nowiki><i id="mwVQ">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot AS " Crazy in Love ", " Baby Boy ", "Check on It", " Irreplaceable ", enggau " Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) ". Lebuh numbuhka kompeni pengatur Parkwood Entertaiment, Beyoncé ngelimpangka diri nuju R&amp;amp;B tradisional kena ''4'' (2011). Udah nya iya mansik elektronic ba <nowiki><i id="mwYg">Beyoncé</i></nowiki> (2013) enggau hip-hop ba ''Lemonade'' (2016), kedua-dua nya ngepopularka format visual album enggau album surprise . Keterubah iya inspirasyen netapka Hari Lima nyadi Hari Pengelepas Global, seraya kedua nyadi album pemadu laku di serata dunya dalam taun 2016. Projek trilogi iya ke benung dipejalai diatu mungkur album tarian ke diiri enggau queer ''Renaissance'' (2022) enggau epik Amerika ''Cowboy Carter'' (2024) udah mantaika pemeri pemungkal kulit burak ngagai sejarah muzik enggau budaya Amerika, ngadaka single lumur satu AS " Break My Hold 'E " enggau Break My Hold 'E ". Iya nyadi Nala dalam <nowiki><i id="mweA">The Lion King</i></nowiki> (2019) enggau filem sambung iya ''Mufasa: The Lion King'' (2024). Beyoncé siku ari artis muzik ke pemadu laku sepanjai maya, enggau anggar jualn lebih 200 juta rekod. Iya siku aja artis indu dalam sejarah ti ngeluarka semua lapan iti album studio iya ba lumur satu ba US <nowiki><i id="mwfw">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 . Puji iya nyengkaum tiga puluh lima Anugerah Grammy —pemadu mayuh ari sebarang orang dalam sejarah —enggau Anugerah Peabody . Iya mega nyadi artis pemadu mayuh bulih anugerah ba Anugerah Muzik Imej enggau Soul Train NAACP . Indu keterubah nyadi tuai ba pejalai semua stadium, Beyoncé entara pengawa live ke pemadu mayuh bulih duit sepanjai maya . Iya udah dirintaika entara artis pemadu tebilang dalam sejarah ulih penerbitan baka ''Rolling Stone'' enggau <nowiki><i id="mwig">Billboard</i></nowiki> . == Pengidup enggau kereja . == Beyoncé Giselle Knowles ada di Houston, Texas, kena 4 September 1981. {{Sfn|Taraborrelli|2015}} Indai iya, Tina Knowles ( benama Beyoncé), siku tukang guntin buk enggau pengempu salon lalu apai iya, Mathew Knowles, siku menijar pengawa bejual ba Xerox . Mathew bebansa Afrika-Amerika, lalu Tina bebansa Kreol Louisiana enggau peturun Afrika, Perancis, Ireland, Breton enggau Orang Asal Amerika. Menyadi indu Beyoncé ke biak, Solange, mega siku penanyi enggau pelakun. Kededua menyadi indu nya peturun pemesai militia Acadia Joseph Broussard, ke dibuai ngagai Louisiana Perancis sepengudah orang Acadia dibuai, enggau pemesai soldadu Perancis enggau tuai Abenaki Jean-Vincent d’Abbadie, Baron de Saint-Castin . Seduai iya mega ngembuan peturun Belgium ari Wilayah Hainaut, Wallonia. Beyoncé dibesaika dalam mayuh macham tradisyen pengarap, ngulu Gerija St. John's United Methodist Church dan St. Mary of the Purification Catholic Church in Houston Iya nerima pelajar tumu ba Sekula Montessori Katolik St.Mary di Houston, ke alai iya mega ngambi kelas ngajat. Bakat vokal iya ditemu lebuh pengajar ngajat iya, Darlette Johnson, berengkah mantaika lagu lalu Beyoncé nembuka lagu nya, mandangka penau iya nyapai not ti tinggi. Pengerindu iya ba muzik enggau pengawa pemerindang majak dalam pengudah iya menang ba pengawa mandangka penau sekula maya umur tujuh taun enggau belagu John Lennon 's " Imagine ", ngalahka pemekit beumur lima belas enggau enam belas taun. {{Sfn|Abbey|2010}} Dalam taun 1990, Beyoncé ke beumur semilan taun ngambi pelajar ba Sekula Primari Parker, sebuah sekula magnet muzik di Houston, ke alai iya bisi merindang enggau koir sekula nya. {{Sfn|Pointer|2014}} Udah nya iya besekula ba Sekula Tinggi Kinder ungkup Seni Persembahan enggau Visual lalu udah nya besekula ba Sekula Tinggi Alief Elsik . Beyoncé mega kala nyadi kaban koir ba Gerija United Methodist St.John ke alai iya belagu solo keterubah iya lalu nyadi solois pengelama dua taun. === 1990–2001: Pemungkal kereja enggau Anak Nasib === Dalam taun 1990, Beyoncé betemu enggau LaTavia Roberson lebuh ba audisyen ungkup raban pemerindang semua indu. Sida diengkah dalam raban ke benama "Girl's Tyme" enggau tiga iku nembiak indu bukai, raban ke mantaika rutin rap enggau ngajat ba litar pengawa mandangka bakat Houston. Pengeluar R&amp;amp;B Arne Frager beratika seduai iya lalu udah nya masuk dalam raban nya dalam ''Star Search'', pengawa mandangka bakat nasional pemadu besai ba televisyen maya nya. Pengudah seduai iya alah, Beyoncé ngumbai pemuntan nya ketegal pilih lagu ti enda manah. {{Sfn|Elliott|2022}} Dalam taun 1995, Mathew Knowles ninggalka pengawa iya ngatur raban nya, ti ngujungka penatai pemisi sida sebilik nurun setengah lalu ngujungka sida pindah ngagai apartment ti bebida. <ref name="Kaufman" /> Iya ngurangka baris raban nya ngagai empat iku kaban lalu sida terus merindang nyadi pemuka ungkup raban indu R&B ke udah entap. <ref name="Kaufman" /> Pengudah disain enda lama enggau Elektra Records lalu udah nya dibuai, penyarut ngujungka apai indai Beyoncé beserara pengelama enam bulan. Sida Knowles sebilik udah nya begulai baru lalu raban nya bulih kontrak enggau Columbia Records, dibantu pengakap bakat Teresa LaBarbera Whites . {{Sfn|Abbey|2010}} ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} ==Nota== <references group="lower-alpha"/> 9dv8r0dqqlykf7jvs68i476z59myr48 0 3906 13245 13157 2025-06-30T21:12:57Z Song GK 9 13245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox prepared food | name = Tapai | image = Tapai peuyeum Pasar Baru.JPG | image_size = 250px | caption = Packaged tapai paste made from cassava in [[Indonesia]] | alternate_name = Peuyeum, etc. | country = | region =[[Southeast Asia]], [[East Asia]], [[South Asia]] | creator = | course = | type = [[Rice wine]], alcoholic paste | served = | main_ingredient = Usually white rice, [[glutinous rice]] | variations = | calories = | other = }} '''''Tapai''''' (mega '''''tapay''''' tauka '''''tape''''' ) iya nya siti ari pemakai tradisional ke digaga ari beras tauka pemakai bukai ke ngembuan kanji. Tapai tu mayuh ditemu ba serata menua [[Asia Tenggara|di Asia Tenggara]], enggau sekeda endur di [[East Asia|Asia Timur]] kelebih agi ba budaya [[Austronesian people|Austronesia]]. Tapai ngembuan asai manis enggau masam<ref name="FAO12">{{cite web|title=Fermented Cereals. A Global Perspective|author=Norman F. Haard|publisher=United Nations [[FAO]]|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/x2184e/x2184e09.htm|year=1999|display-authors=etal}}</ref> lalu ulih dipakai pia aja sereta nyadika resipi tradisional, tauka diperam agi ngambika ulih ngaga [[Rice wine|wain beras]] (ti ba sekeda budaya mega dikumbai ''tapai'' ).Tapai digaga sechara tradisional ngena beras putih tauka pulut, tang ulih mega digaga ari sumber karbohidrat ke bukai baka buah ubi enggau kentang <ref name="FAO15">{{cite web|title=Fermented Cereals. A Global Perspective|author=Norman F. Haard|publisher=United Nations [[FAO]]|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/x2184e/x2184e09.htm|year=1999|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Gandjar12">{{cite web|title=TAPAI from Cassava and Cereals|author=Indrawati Gandjar|publisher=[[University of Indonesia]]|url=http://plantpro.doae.go.th/worldfermentedfood/I_10_Gandjar.pdf|date=August 2003|access-date=28 July 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050126025820/http://plantpro.doae.go.th/worldfermentedfood/I_10_Gandjar.pdf|archive-date=26 January 2005}}</ref>. Proses meram tapai tu dipejalaika ngena mayuh macham [[Mold (fungus)|acuan]] nyengkaum ''[[Aspergillus oryzae]]'', ''[[Rhizopus oryzae]]'', ''[[Amylomyces rouxii]]'' tauka [[Species|spesis ''Mucor'',]] enggau [[Yeasts|yis]] nyengkaum [[Saccharomyces cerevisiae|''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'',]] enggau ''[[Saccharomycopsis fibuliger]]'', ''[[:en:Endomycopsis_burtonii|Endomycopsis burtonii]]'' enggau bukai nyengkaum bakteria.<ref name="FAO16">{{cite web|title=Fermented Cereals. A Global Perspective|author=Norman F. Haard|publisher=United Nations [[FAO]]|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/x2184e/x2184e09.htm|year=1999|display-authors=etal}}</ref> <ref name="FAO17">{{cite web|title=Fermented Cereals. A Global Perspective|author=Norman F. Haard|publisher=United Nations [[FAO]]|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/x2184e/x2184e09.htm|year=1999|display-authors=etal}}</ref> == Kereban sanding == {{reflist}} kztqhxeoak6geszhvkicjrytcmnkxvg 0 3911 13241 13166 2025-06-30T12:10:27Z Song GK 9 13241 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fail:Pulut_Panggang_(4573392511).jpg|thumb| Pulut panggang]] '''Pulut Panggang''' tu sebansa lauk ti digaga ari beras ketan enggau teras kelapa. Lauk tu selalu iya dipanggang ba atas api. Inti ikan digaga ari bawang, lada kering enggau kelapa. Campuran tu dipanduk nyentukka kering lalu disumbat nyadika isi dalam beras ketan ti bebentuk tungkat. Tungkat nya lalu dibalut enggau daun pisang sebedau dipanggang nyentukka mansau. Bisi mega bansa kek ke sebaka enggau nya, tang ngena isi [[ikan]]. Tu dikelala enggau nama [[:ms:Pulut_Lepa|Pulut Lepa]]. == Pautan luar == * [http://www.tourism.terengganu.gov.my/culinary/pulutpanggang.htm Terengganu tourism - Pulut panggang.] 26uin23mlfm723qkzjih062kf2z7i2w 13242 13241 2025-06-30T12:10:38Z Song GK 9 Song GK telah memindahkan laman [[Pulut Panggang panggang]] ke [[Pulut panggang]] 13241 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fail:Pulut_Panggang_(4573392511).jpg|thumb| Pulut panggang]] '''Pulut Panggang''' tu sebansa lauk ti digaga ari beras ketan enggau teras kelapa. Lauk tu selalu iya dipanggang ba atas api. Inti ikan digaga ari bawang, lada kering enggau kelapa. Campuran tu dipanduk nyentukka kering lalu disumbat nyadika isi dalam beras ketan ti bebentuk tungkat. Tungkat nya lalu dibalut enggau daun pisang sebedau dipanggang nyentukka mansau. Bisi mega bansa kek ke sebaka enggau nya, tang ngena isi [[ikan]]. Tu dikelala enggau nama [[:ms:Pulut_Lepa|Pulut Lepa]]. == Pautan luar == * [http://www.tourism.terengganu.gov.my/culinary/pulutpanggang.htm Terengganu tourism - Pulut panggang.] 26uin23mlfm723qkzjih062kf2z7i2w 0 3922 13239 13188 2025-06-30T12:00:02Z Song GK 9 Song GK telah memindahkan laman [[Kucing Munchkin]] ke [[Mayau Munchkin]] tanpa meninggalkan lencongan 13188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Munchkin''' tu siti ari bansa mayau ti ditanda enggau kaki iya ti pandak amat, pekara tu nyadi ketegal mutasyen genetik . Enti dibandingka enggau mayuh bansa mayau ti bukai, iya bansa mayau ke baru, didokumentasyenka kenyau ari taun 1940-an lalu diaku enggau rasmi dalam taun 1991. Munchkin tu dikumbai nyadi bansa asal mayau kerdil . Mayuh kontroversyen ti nyadi bekaul enggau bansa mayau nya lebuh iya diaku nyadi Gerempung Mayau Entarabansa (TICA) dalam taun 1997 enggau bala kritik mansutka pengirau ati bekaul enggau isu pengerai enggau mobiliti ke tau nyadi. Mayuh gerempung mayau pedigree di serata dunya udah enggai agi ngaku mayau jenis Munchkin tu ketegal pengelantang bansa mayau enggau enda tentu isu pengerai, nyengkaum Kaunsil Pengatur Cat Fancy (GCCF). Pengawa nupi mayau jenis Munchkin tu ditagang nengah undang-undang ba sekeda menua ketegal pengirau pengerai genetik tu. Nama tu datai ari penulis L. Frank Baum ti mit-mit diau ba Menua Munchkin, bepun ari novel taun 1900, ''Penyihir Ajaib Oz'' . == Sejarah == === Pengawa ngaga bansa === Mayau ti bekaki pandak tu udah didokumentasyenka beberapa kali di serata dunya kenyau ari taun 1940-an. Ripot ti diambi ari veterinar British dalam taun 1944 beratika empat rebak mayau bekaki pandak ti sebaka enggau mayau biasa kelimpah ari pemanjai kaki. Garis tu lenyau maya Perang Dunya Kedua tang mayau bekaki pandak tu bukai bisi dipeda ba Rusia maya taun 1956 enggau Amerika Syarikat dalam taun 1970-an. Ba taun 1983, Sandra Hochenedel, siku pengajar muzik ba Rayville, Louisiana, tetemuka dua iku mayau ke ngandung ke udah diburu ukui ba baruh lori. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Stall |first=Sam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=coXIF8WbEKEC |title=100 Cats Who Changed Civilization: History's Most Influential Felines |date=2007 |publisher=Quirk Books |isbn=9781594741630 |location=Philadelphia, PA |pages=20–22 |via=Google Books}}</ref> Iya ngibun siku ari mayau nya lalu diberi nama iya Blackberry lalu setengah ari anak mayau iya ada bekaki pandak. Hochenedel meri siku anak mayauti lelaki ke bekaki pandak ari siti ari anak mayau Blackberry ngagai siku bakih tauka kaban iya, Kay LaFrance ari Monroe, Louisiana, lalu iya meri nama anak mayau nya Toulouse. <ref name=":0" /> Ari anak mit Blackberry enggau Toulouse meh bansa Munchkin kemaya hari tu diturunka. <ref name=":0" /> === Sejarah ngerejista === Mayau Munchkin keterubah iya diberi kelala ngagai mensia mayuh dalam taun 1991 nengah pengawa mandangka mayau ba televisyen rangkaian nasional ti diatur Gerempung Mayau Entarabansa (TICA) di Davis, Oklahoma . Taja pia, bansa nya enda deka diaku enggau rasmi maya nya. Bala kritik melabaka bansa nya deka ngembuan penanggul ba punggung, pinggul enggau kaki sebaka enggau ke nuntung sekeda ukui dachshund . Betaun-taun, bansa Munchkin enda diterima ba pekit mayau laban ketegal pengawa nupi mayau ti kontroversial. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Stall |first=Sam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=coXIF8WbEKEC |title=100 Cats Who Changed Civilization: History's Most Influential Felines |date=2007 |publisher=Quirk Books |isbn=9781594741630 |location=Philadelphia, PA |pages=20–22 |via=Google Books}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFStall2007">Stall, Sam (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=coXIF8WbEKEC ''100 Cats Who Changed Civilization: History's Most Influential Felines'']. Philadelphia, PA: Quirk Books. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">20–</span>22. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781594741630|<bdi>9781594741630</bdi>]] &#x2013; via Google Books.</cite></ref> Solveig Pflueger, siku ari akim pengawa mandangka, pakar genetik, sereta chairperson Komiti Genetik TICA nya siku orang ke tegap ngarika bansa jelu tu diaku enggau rasmi. Pflueger mega siku ari orang ke nupi mayau Munchkin empu, laban keterubah iya dianjung dua iku mayau ari Hochenedel. <ref name="NYT" /> Tengah mayuh kontroversyen, Munchkin diperambu nyadi bansa baru ulih peternak pelasar Laurie Bobskill enggau Robert Bobskill ari Massachusetts lalu diterima TICA ngagai program pemansang bansa baru iya dalam bulan September 1994. Akim pengawa mandangka veteran Katherine Crawford ngelengka pangku pengawa ketegal mantah, ngumbai bansa nya nyadika jaku petenah ngagai bala peternak enggau etika. <ref name=":0" /> Baka Munchkin tu bulih status nyadi juara TICA dalam bulan Mei 2003. == Ciri-ciri == [[Fail:Munchkinshorthaired.jpg|thumb| Anak mayau Munchkin, umur 7 bulan]] Sekeda sumber madahka kaki sida ti pandak enda ngachau pengulih sida belanda enggau terejun, <ref name="jonstroud">{{Cite book |last=Stroud |first=Jon |title=The DVD Book of Cats. |date=2008 |publisher=Green Umbrella Pubg}}</ref> lalu bisi mega madahka pengulih sida terejun disekat ketegal gaya sida. Munchkin tu ngembuan tukuh ti sebaka enggau mayau domestik ti biasa, ketegal sida suah dikena nyadi outcrosses . Iya siti jenis mayau ti mit ngagai sederhana pemesai enggau [[Mayau|bansa tubuh]] ti sederhana sereta bulu ti sederhana-mewah. Mayau munchkins laki biasa iya berat entara {{convert|6 and 9|lb}} lalu selalu iya besai agi ari indu Munchkins, ke biasa iya berat entara {{convert|4 and 8|lb}} enggau . Kaki belakang tau panjai mimit ari mua ti nempa peninggi mimit ari bahu ngagai punggung. Kaki Munchkin engka bisi nunduk mimit, taja pan kelalu nunduk nya nyadika pengawa enda layak ba gelanggang pameran. Kaki ti dipeda sapi mega diukum. Munchkin tu bisi dalam semua chura enggau chura kot. Iya mega bisi dalam bansa ke bebulu panjai, ti dipandangka dalam kategori Munchkin Longhair kediri. Varieti ke bebulu pandak ngembuan bulu sederhana-mewah lalu ke bebulu panjai ngembuan bulu setengah panjai baka sutera. Atur TICA ungkup outcrossing ngemendarka ngena sebarang ukui domestik ti bedau enggi bansa ti dikelala. Penyemaka enggau bansa bukai nyadika kebuah enda layak. Munchkins iya jenis mayau ti enda standard lalu enda dikemendarka dipandangka. Dalam taun 2014, Lilieput, siku ukui Munchkin ari Napa, California, dipilih nyadi ukui idup pemadu pandak tubuh di dunya ulih Rikod Dunya Guinness . Iya bediri {{convert|5.25|in}} peninggi. == Pengerai == Mutasyen ti ngasuh kaki pandak ba Munchkin iya nya kondrodisplasia . Mayau Munchkin tu ngembuan penambah insiden lordosis <ref name="orthopaedics">{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Harry |title=Feline Orthopaedics |last2=Marti |first2=Juan M |last3=Witte |first3=Philip |date=August 2021 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4987-6497-1 |publication-place=Boca Raton |page=355}}</ref> enggau pectus excavatum (dada ti belubang). <ref>{{Cite book |last=Hubler |first=M. |title=Feline Orthopedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Disease |last2=Langley-Hobbs |first2=S.J. |date=2009 |publisher=Saunders Ltd. |isbn=978-0-7020-2986-8 |editor-last=Montavon |editor-first=P.M. |pages=41–53 |chapter=Hereditary and congenital musculoskeletal diseases |doi=10.1016/B978-0-7020-2986-8.00010-0 |quote=There may be a familial tendency to thoracic wall deformities (pectus excavatum, unilateral thoracic wall concavity) in Bengal kittens, and chondrodystrophic Munchkin cats may also have an increased incidence of pectus excavatum and spinal lordosis. |editor-last2=Voss |editor-first2=K. |editor-last3=Langley-Hobbs |editor-first3=S.J.}}</ref> Kucing Munchkin dikelala bisi risiko tinggi agi (ari bansa ukui bukai) kena osteoarthritis ti balat laban kaki jari ti pandak agi ngeruga tikas aktiviti enggau ulah sida. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Ettinger |first=Stephen J. |title=Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine |last2=Feldman |first2=Edward C. |last3=Bennett |first3=D. |last4=May |first4=C. |date=1995 |publisher=Saunders |isbn=978-0721667959 |edition=4 |location=Philadelphia |pages=2053 |chapter=Joint diseases of Dogs and Cats}}</ref> Diagnosis osteoarthritis enggau penilaian pemerat iya ba mayau engka begunaka radiografi . <ref name=":1" /> Mayuh gerempung mayau pedigree di serata dunya tu udah enggai ngelala mayau Munchkin ketegal pengirau pengerai. [[Kategori:Lambar-lambar enggau salin ke bedau dipansik]] j4h5yyay4sqc2xdcwm7poyetup2wmqk 0 3926 13259 13187 2025-06-30T21:54:34Z Song GK 9 Song GK telah memindahkan laman [[Pondok Pizza]] ke [[Pizza Hut]] tanpa meninggalkan lencongan: Tajuk salah eja 13187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Pizza Hut, LLC | logo = [[File:Pizza Hut 1967-1999 logo.svg|120px]] [[File:Pizza Hut international logo 2014.svg|120px]] | logo_caption = Pizza Hut classic logo revived in the United States since 2019, alongside different logo used for the international markets since 2014 | image = Pizza Hut Athens OH USA.JPG | image_size = 250px | image_caption = The distinctive roof shape and lettering style shown here on this Pizza Hut in Athens, Ohio, were typical of U.S. Pizza Huts. | type = [[Subsidiary]] | industry = {{flat list| * [[Pizza|Pizzeria]] * [[Restaurant]]s }} | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Casual dining]] * [[take-out]] }} | founded = {{start date and age|1958|5|31}} [[Wichita, Kansas]], U.S. | founder = [[Dan and Frank Carney|{{ubl|Dan Carney|Frank Carney}}]] | hq_location = {{Plainlist| * 7100 Corporate Dr., [[Plano, Texas]] (USA) * Elstree Way, [[Borehamwood]] [[Hertfordshire]] (UK) }} | num_locations = 19,866 restaurants worldwide (2023) | area_served = Worldwide | key_people = Aaron Powell (president Pizza Hut International)<ref>{{cite web |title=Senior Officers & Leadership Team |url=https://www.yum.com/wps/portal/yumbrands/Yumbrands/company/about-yum-brands/senior-officers-and-leadership-team/ |publisher=Yum! Brands |access-date=April 24, 2021 |archive-date=April 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421130954/https://www.yum.com/wps/portal/yumbrands/Yumbrands/company/about-yum-brands/senior-officers-and-leadership-team |url-status=live }}</ref> | products = {{Plainlist| * [[Pizza]] * [[Fries]] * [[Pan pizza]] * [[Pasta]] * [[Buffalo wing|Chicken wings]] * [[Breadsticks]] }} | services = [[Franchising]] | revenue = {{increase}} US$1.091 billion (2016)<ref name="Wfaa.com" /> | num_employees = About 350,000<ref name="Wfaa.com">{{cite web |title=Pizza Hut to close up to 300 locations operated by bankrupt franchisee |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/17/pizza-hut-to-close-up-to-300-locations-operated-by-bankrupt-franchisee.html |publisher=[[CNBC]] |date=August 17, 2020 |access-date=September 3, 2023 }}</ref> | parent = [[Yum! Brands]] | website = {{URL|https://www.pizzahut.com/|pizzahut.com}} | footnotes = }} '''Pizza Hut, LLC''' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Pizza Hut, LLC|url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_de/6002208|publisher=[[OpenCorporates]]|date=2016-03-30|access-date=2024-04-11}}</ref> iya nya restoran pizza multinasional Amerika enggau francais antarabansa ti ditumbuhka dalam taun 1958 di Wichita, Kansas, ulih menyadi Dan enggau Frank Carney. Endur pemakai tu bepalan ba Plano, Texas, bejalaika 19,866 buah restoran di serata dunya naka taun 2023. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web|date=February 24, 2021|title=Pizza Hut restaurant count worldwide 2010–2023|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/256828/pizza-hut-restaurants-worldwide/|access-date=February 27, 2024|publisher=Statista}}</ref> Lebuh belajar ba Wichita State University, sida Carney muka palan keterubah sida, ti jampat ngerembai ngagai enam buah kedai dalam timpuh setaun. Jenama tu berengkah francais dalam taun 1959, lalu gaya iya ti nyelai digaga arkitek Chicago George Lindstrom dalam taun 1963. Pizza Hut ngasaika penumbuh ti besai, nyengkaum pengawa ngulihka PepsiCo dalam taun 1977, lalu ditangkan enggau pengawa betukar nyadi Restoran Global Tricon, Inc., ti udah nya diberi nama Yum! Jenama <ref name="form10k2">[https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1041061/000104106120000015/yum10k12312019.htm Yum! Brands Form 10-K 2019] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615082823/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1041061/000104106120000015/yum10k12312019.htm|date=June 15, 2020}}) Yum! Brands.</ref> dalam taun 2002, ti nyadi pengempu diatu. Pizza Hut meri kelala PizzaNet dalam taun 1994, eksperimen pesan Internet tumu, lalu neruska inovasyen enggau pemeri baka pizza kerak sumbat ti diberi kelala dalam taun 1995. Pizza Hut udah ngalihka model ngambika mayuh macham format restoran nyengkaum palan makai gaya diri sebilik enggau pansut. Jenama nya napi pemar nyengkaum nutup mayuh palan endur makai ba Amerika Syarikat enggau ubah ba operasyen francais iya. Palan tu udah ngereja pengawa ngagai makit entarabansa, ngaga menu iya nitihka pengerindu menua tu. Taja pia, jenama mengkang nyadi pemain ti signifikan dalam industri pemakai jampat global, ti dikelala enggau produk inovatif sereta strategi makit. m9lo1z2ojmfyico4fxw9hketlszpx0j 0 3944 13249 13208 2025-06-30T21:29:48Z Song GK 9 13249 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fail:Wildlife_at_Maasai_Mara_(Lion).jpg|alt=A lion (Panthera leo)|thumb| Siku singa (''Leo Pantera''). Singa nyadi chunto megafauna ti ngembuan karisma, seraban jelu siga ti kelebih agi dikerinduka dalam budaya mensia.]] '''Jelu babas''' tauka '''jelu siga''' nunjukka jelu ti enda dijaga enggau spesis utai tumbuh ti enda ditanam ti tau bisi ba habitat asal sida, tang udah datai nyengkaum semua organisma ti tumbuh tauka idup siga ba sesebengkah kandang endur ti nadai dibai [[mensia]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Usher |first=M. B. |title=Wildlife conservation evaluation: attributes, criteria and values |publisher=[[Chapman & Hall]] |date=1986 |isbn=978-94-010-8315-7 |location=London, New York}}</ref> Jelu siga mega sinonim enggau : iya nya baka [[burung]] enggau mamalia ti diasu ketegal lumba enggau main . Jelu siga ulih ditemu ba semua ekosistem . Padang pasir, tanah rata, padang rumput, [[kampung]], enggau kandang endur bukai nyengkaum kandang nengeri ti pemadu mansang, semua nya ngembuan tukuh jelu siga ti nyelai. Seraya leka jaku dalam budaya popular selalu iya nunjukka [[jelu]] ke enda dipenyati mensia, ketebal agi saintis setuju mayuh jelu siga dikeruga pengawa mensia ti enda beradat . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Harris |first=J. D. |title=Wildlife: Destruction, Conservation and Biodiversity |last2=Brown |first2=P. L. |publisher=[[Nova Science Publishers]] |date=2009}}</ref> Sekeda jelu siga ngeruga pengelikun, pengerai, reta tengkira enggau kualiti pengidup mensia . Taja pia, mayuh jelu siga, tauka jelu ti tau mai penusah, bisi rega ba mensia.Rega tu engka bekaul enggau ekonomi, pelajar, tauka emosi. ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} kylec0cnhxacvaa4s8ou5rqunz70wum 0 3946 13257 13210 2025-06-30T21:49:48Z Song GK 9 Song GK telah memindahkan laman [[Manuk panduk mirah .]] ke [[Manuk panduk mirah]] tanpa meninggalkan lencongan: Tajuk salah eja 13210 wikitext text/x-wiki <references /> {{Infobox food}} '''Manu'''Manuk mirah ( Jawi: ایم ماسق میره ) nya pemakai asal menua Malaysia.[1][2] Iya nya casserole manuk dalam sos tomato.[3] manuk nya dulu digoreng nyentukka bechura emas lalu udah nya disumai enggau lubah dalam sos tomato ti pedas. Kacang tauka gajus kekadang ditambah ngagai lauk, lalu diias enggau daun ketumbar. Iya suah diempa enggau asi tomato, iya nya beras ti dipanduk enggau sos tauka pes tomato, asi, rempah kering, enggau bawang putih, bawang, enggau halia.[4] [[Fail:Ayam_masak_merah.jpg|thumb| Manuk masak mirah nadai kacang ditabur enggau bawang merah ti udah dihiris .]] Lauk tu suah ditemu maya pengawa rami baka pengerami melah pinang, rumah tebuka tauka gempuru genturung pendiau. <references /> bb6xxpc19od87qz2hnbh2e4r3j6wa38 13258 13257 2025-06-30T21:52:55Z Song GK 9 13258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food | name = Ayam masak merah <br/> {{Script/Arabic|‏ايم ماسق ميره}} | image = Nasi ayam masak merah (Menu Rahmah) at Lotus's Mutiara Damansara 20231112 122914.jpg | image_size = 272px | caption = A plate of ''[[Rice|nasi putih]]'' with ''ayam masak merah'' and ''sayur tumis'' at a Malaysian restaurant | alternate_name = | country = [[Malaysia]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sebastian |first1=Timothy |title=An ‘ayam masak merah’ recipe perfect for iftar |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/leisure/2024/03/22/an-ayam-masak-merah-recipe-perfect-for-iftar/ |website =Free Malaysia Today|access-date=21 September 2024 |date=22 March 2024}}</ref> and [[Singapore]] | course = [[Main course]] | served = Hot | main_ingredient = [[Chicken (food)|Chicken]] (cut and fried), [[chillies]], [[garlic]], [[ginger]], [[onions]], [[tomato puree]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=20041007&id=sSwhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RnoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2704,4229122|title=Ayam Masak Merah|publisher=New Straits Times|date=7 October 2004|access-date=23 September 2016}}</ref> | variations = | calories = | other = }} '''Manuk panduk mirah''' ( Jawi: ایم ماسق میره ) nya pemakai asal menua Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19960202&id=kblOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Px8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=3673,820405|title=Traditional dishes|publisher=New Straits Times|date=2 February 1996|access-date=23 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Malay Heritage Cooking|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Singapore Pte Ltd|isbn=9789814435079|page=118}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bloor |first1=Azlin |title=Ayam Masak Merah (Red Chicken Curry) |url=https://www.singaporeanmalaysianrecipes.com/ayam-masak-merah-recipe/ |website=Singaporean and Malaysian Recipes |access-date=30 November 2021 |date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Iya nya casserole manuk dalam sos tomato.<ref>{{cite book|title=Borneo: Sabah, Brunei, Sarawak|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=9781841623900|page=106}}</ref> manuk nya dulu digoreng nyentukka bechura emas lalu udah nya disumai enggau lubah dalam sos tomato ti pedas. Kacang tauka gajus kekadang ditambah ngagai lauk, lalu diias enggau daun ketumbar. Iya suah diempa enggau asi tomato, iya nya beras ti dipanduk enggau sos tauka pes tomato, asi, rempah kering, enggau bawang burak, bawang, enggau lia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.themalaymailonline.com/eat-drink/article/ayam-masak-merah-a-celebratory-red-chicken-dish|title=Ayam Masak Merah: A celebratory red chicken dish|first=Elaine|last=Ho|publisher=[[The Malay Mail]]|date=29 March 2014|access-date=22 September 2016|archive-date=5 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005235520/http://m.themalaymailonline.com/eat-drink/article/ayam-masak-merah-a-celebratory-red-chicken-dish|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Fail:Ayam_masak_merah.jpg|thumb| Manuk masak mirah nadai kacang ditabur enggau bawang merah ti udah dihiris .]] Lauk tu suah ditemu maya pengawa rami baka pengerami melah pinang, rumah tebuka tauka gempuru genturung pendiau. ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} qvd5ivxmotc57lnhozzmu1s3gxy89dx 0 3949 13253 13213 2025-06-30T21:38:13Z Song GK 9 13253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox brand | name = Jollibee | logo = Jollibee 2011 logo.svg | logo_upright = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = Logo since 2011 | image = Jollibee restaurants (Rizal, Nueva Ecija) 02.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = Jollibee in [[Rizal, Nueva Ecija]], [[Philippines]] | producttype = [[Fast food chain]] | module = {{Infobox company | embed = yes | founder = [[Tony Tan Caktiong]] | key_people = [[Tony Tan Caktiong]] ([[Executive Chairman]] & Chief Taste Officer)<br>Ernesto Tanmantiong ([[President (corporate title)|President]] & [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]]) | hq_location = Jollibee Plaza Building, Emerald Ave., [[Ortigas Center]], [[Pasig]], [[Metro Manila]], Philippines<ref>{{cite web |title=Company Information |url=https://edge.pse.com.ph/companyInformation/form.do?cmpy_id=86 |website=Philippine Stock Exchange Inc. |access-date=September 3, 2020}}</ref> | num_locations = 1,700<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fuentes |first1=Arthur |title=Jollibee eyes continued growth through International stores, coffee |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/business/2024/11/19/jollibee-eyes-continued-growth-through-international-stores-coffee-2120 |access-date=January 7, 2025 |work=ABS-CBN News |date=November 19, 2024 |quote="We have 1,700 stores globally, of which almost 1,300 is in the Philippines, and the balance of 400 is outside, with Vietnam being, again, the second-largest market after the Philippines," Shin said.}}</ref> | num_locations_year = 2024 }} | currentowner = [[Jollibee Foods Corporation]] | producedby = | country = [[Philippines]] | introduced = {{start date and age|1978}}<!---Introduction as Jollibee, succeeded Magnolia outlets founded from 1975 under Tony Tan Caktiong to Jollibee in 1978. NOT the incorporation date of JFC---> | discontinued = | related = | markets = Southeast Asia, East Asia (Hong Kong, Macau), Middle East, Western Europe, Australia, United States, Canada. | previousowners = | trademarkregistrations = | ambassadors = | tagline = {{lang|fil|Langhap-Sarap}}<br>{{lang|fil|Bida ang sarap/saya!}}<br>{{lang|fil|No. 1 Sa Saya}} | website = {{URL|www.jollibee.com.ph}} }} '''Jollibee''' iya nya siti restoran pemakai [[Filipina]] diempu Jollibee Foods Corporation (JFC) ti nyadi jenama perdana iya. Ditumbuhka dalam taun 1978 Tony Tan Caktiong, iya nyadi restoran pemakai ti pemadu manah di Filipina <ref>{{cite news|title=Jollibee top fast-food resto in PH―RPMD|url=https://www.manilastandard.net/?p=314349898|access-date=September 26, 2024|work=[[Manila Standard]]|date=July 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714113127/https://www.manilastandard.net/?p=314349898|archive-date=July 14, 2023}}</ref> lalu entara restoran pemadu jampat mansang ba dunya, <ref name="ABS-CBN-SecondFastest2">{{cite news|title=Jollibee named second fastest-growing restaurant in the world|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/2024/2/27/jollibee-named-second-fastest-growing-restaurant-in-the-world-1522|access-date=September 26, 2024|work=[[ABS-CBN News]]|date=February 27, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240926062713/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/2024/2/27/jollibee-named-second-fastest-growing-restaurant-in-the-world-1522|archive-date=September 26, 2024}}</ref> ngerembaika penatai iya ba renggat entarabansa ari taun 2014 ngagai 2024 nyau deka enam kali. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Burgos|first1=Jonathan|title=Philippines' Biggest Fast-Food Brand Has Fresh Plans To Challenge Starbucks|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanburgos/2024/08/11/philippines-biggest-fast-food-brand-has-fresh-plans-to-challenge-starbucks/|access-date=September 26, 2024|work=[[Forbes]]|date=August 12, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817030743/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanburgos/2024/08/11/philippines-biggest-fast-food-brand-has-fresh-plans-to-challenge-starbucks/|archive-date=August 17, 2024|language=en}}</ref> {{As of|2024|January}} ,bisi lebih 1,668 pampang pemakai jampat Jollibee ba 17 buah menua, <ref name="ABS-CBN-SecondFastest">{{cite news|title=Jollibee named second fastest-growing restaurant in the world|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/2024/2/27/jollibee-named-second-fastest-growing-restaurant-in-the-world-1522|access-date=September 26, 2024|work=[[ABS-CBN News]]|date=February 27, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240926062713/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/2024/2/27/jollibee-named-second-fastest-growing-restaurant-in-the-world-1522|archive-date=September 26, 2024}}</ref> enggau restoran di [[Asia Tenggara]], Asia Timur ( Hong Kong enggau Macau ), Timur Tengah, [[Amerika Utara]], enggau [[Eropah]] (nyengkaum [[Sepanyol]], [[Itali]], <ref name="UK2">{{cite news|title=Jollibee UK Reports Robust Q3 2023 Growth Driven by Strong Consumer Demand|url=https://europeanbusinessmagazine.com/media-outreach/jollibee-uk-reports-robust-q3-2023-growth-driven-by-strong-consumer-demand/|access-date=February 4, 2024|agency=European Business Magazine|date=November 29, 2023}}</ref> enggau [[United Kingdom]] ). <ref>{{cite news|last1=Loyola|first1=James A.|title=Jollibee's Chickenjoy is US best fastfood fried chicken|url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/10/14/jollibees-chickenjoy-is-us-best-fastfood-fried-chicken|access-date=September 26, 2024|work=[[Manila Bulletin]]|date=October 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101005844/https://mb.com.ph/2020/10/14/jollibees-chickenjoy-is-us-best-fastfood-fried-chicken|archive-date=November 1, 2020|language=en}}</ref> Jollibee tebilang enggau barang ke pemadu laku iya nya Chickenjoy. <ref name="Marketing2">{{Cite book |last=Go |first=Josiah |title=Fundamentals of Marketing: In The Philippine Setting |publisher=Design Plus |year=2001 |isbn=971-91860-5-4 |location=Quezon road, [[Philippines]] |pages=1–2}}</ref><ref name="JollibeeMilestonesHistory2">{{cite news|url=http://www.jollibee.com.ph/about-us#milestones-history|title=About Us|website=Jollibee.com.ph|access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> == Histori == Ba taun 1975, Tony Tan Caktiong enggau sida sebilik muka sebuah kedai aiskrim Magnolia di Cubao, [[Nengeri Quezon|Bandaraya Quezon]] . <ref name="Marketing">{{Cite book |last=Go |first=Josiah |title=Fundamentals of Marketing: In The Philippine Setting |publisher=Design Plus |year=2001 |isbn=971-91860-5-4 |location=Quezon road, [[Philippines]] |pages=1–2}}</ref> .<ref name="scmphow2">{{cite news|last=Lord|first=Richard|title=The Jollibee story: how a Philippine fast food franchise took on the world|url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/food-drink/article/3019240/story-jollibee-how-philippine-fast-food-franchise-took-world|access-date=March 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727100046/https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/food-drink/article/3019240/story-jollibee-how-philippine-fast-food-franchise-took-world|archive-date=July 27, 2019|work=South China Morning Post|date=July 21, 2019}}</ref> Pampang pemakai nya udah nya berengkah meri pemakai angat enggau sandwich . Lebuh barang pemakai nya nyadi popular agi ari aiskrim, sida sebilik mutuska deka nukar palan aiskrim nyadi restoran pemakai ti nyadi palan Jollibee keterubah dalam taun 1978. <ref name="milestonesasof2017">{{cite web|title=Milestones & History|url=http://www.jollibee.com.ph/about-us/milestones-history/|website=Jollibee.com.ph|access-date=October 19, 2017}}</ref> Penyanding penemu pengatur pengawa Manuel C. Lumba meri jaku lalau ngagai sida sebilik bekaul enggau ubah chara dikena ngemansangka pengawa bedagang. Jollibee keterubah iya diberi nama Jolibe tang ditukar nama iya ngagai Jollibee. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Quest for growth takes Jollibee Foods beyond Asia|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Company-in-focus/Quest-for-growth-takes-Jollibee-Foods-beyond-Asia2|access-date=January 30, 2024|website=Nikkei Asia|language=en-GB}}</ref> e8d9ym0hzvoawoussjboi63xcxq3xuu 13254 13253 2025-06-30T21:39:03Z Song GK 9 13254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox brand | name = Jollibee | logo = Jollibee 2011 logo.svg | logo_upright = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = Logo since 2011 | image = Jollibee restaurants (Rizal, Nueva Ecija) 02.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = Jollibee in [[Rizal, Nueva Ecija]], [[Philippines]] | producttype = [[Fast food chain]] | module = {{Infobox company | embed = yes | founder = [[Tony Tan Caktiong]] | key_people = [[Tony Tan Caktiong]] ([[Executive Chairman]] & Chief Taste Officer)<br>Ernesto Tanmantiong ([[President (corporate title)|President]] & [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]]) | hq_location = Jollibee Plaza Building, Emerald Ave., [[Ortigas Center]], [[Pasig]], [[Metro Manila]], Philippines<ref>{{cite web |title=Company Information |url=https://edge.pse.com.ph/companyInformation/form.do?cmpy_id=86 |website=Philippine Stock Exchange Inc. |access-date=September 3, 2020}}</ref> | num_locations = 1,700<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fuentes |first1=Arthur |title=Jollibee eyes continued growth through International stores, coffee |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/business/2024/11/19/jollibee-eyes-continued-growth-through-international-stores-coffee-2120 |access-date=January 7, 2025 |work=ABS-CBN News |date=November 19, 2024 |quote="We have 1,700 stores globally, of which almost 1,300 is in the Philippines, and the balance of 400 is outside, with Vietnam being, again, the second-largest market after the Philippines," Shin said.}}</ref> | num_locations_year = 2024 }} | currentowner = [[Jollibee Foods Corporation]] | producedby = | country = [[Philippines]] | introduced = {{start date and age|1978}}<!---Introduction as Jollibee, succeeded Magnolia outlets founded from 1975 under Tony Tan Caktiong to Jollibee in 1978. NOT the incorporation date of JFC---> | discontinued = | related = | markets = Southeast Asia, East Asia (Hong Kong, Macau), Middle East, Western Europe, Australia, United States, Canada. | previousowners = | trademarkregistrations = | ambassadors = | tagline = {{lang|fil|Langhap-Sarap}}<br>{{lang|fil|Bida ang sarap/saya!}}<br>{{lang|fil|No. 1 Sa Saya}} | website = {{URL|www.jollibee.com.ph}} }} '''Jollibee''' iya nya siti restoran pemakai [[Filipina]] diempu Jollibee Foods Corporation (JFC) ti nyadi jenama perdana iya. Ditumbuhka dalam taun 1978 Tony Tan Caktiong, iya nyadi restoran pemakai ti pemadu manah di Filipina <ref>{{cite news|title=Jollibee top fast-food resto in PH―RPMD|url=https://www.manilastandard.net/?p=314349898|access-date=September 26, 2024|work=[[Manila Standard]]|date=July 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714113127/https://www.manilastandard.net/?p=314349898|archive-date=July 14, 2023}}</ref> lalu entara restoran pemadu jampat mansang ba dunya, <ref name="ABS-CBN-SecondFastest2">{{cite news|title=Jollibee named second fastest-growing restaurant in the world|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/2024/2/27/jollibee-named-second-fastest-growing-restaurant-in-the-world-1522|access-date=September 26, 2024|work=[[ABS-CBN News]]|date=February 27, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240926062713/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/2024/2/27/jollibee-named-second-fastest-growing-restaurant-in-the-world-1522|archive-date=September 26, 2024}}</ref> ngerembaika penatai iya ba renggat entarabansa ari taun 2014 ngagai 2024 nyau deka enam kali. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Burgos|first1=Jonathan|title=Philippines' Biggest Fast-Food Brand Has Fresh Plans To Challenge Starbucks|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanburgos/2024/08/11/philippines-biggest-fast-food-brand-has-fresh-plans-to-challenge-starbucks/|access-date=September 26, 2024|work=[[Forbes]]|date=August 12, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817030743/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanburgos/2024/08/11/philippines-biggest-fast-food-brand-has-fresh-plans-to-challenge-starbucks/|archive-date=August 17, 2024|language=en}}</ref> {{As of|2024|January}} ,bisi lebih 1,668 pampang pemakai jampat Jollibee ba 17 buah menua, <ref name="ABS-CBN-SecondFastest">{{cite news|title=Jollibee named second fastest-growing restaurant in the world|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/2024/2/27/jollibee-named-second-fastest-growing-restaurant-in-the-world-1522|access-date=September 26, 2024|work=[[ABS-CBN News]]|date=February 27, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240926062713/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/2024/2/27/jollibee-named-second-fastest-growing-restaurant-in-the-world-1522|archive-date=September 26, 2024}}</ref> enggau restoran di [[Asia Tenggara]], Asia Timur ( Hong Kong enggau Macau ), Timur Tengah, [[Amerika Utara]], enggau [[Eropah]] (nyengkaum [[Sepanyol]], [[Itali]], <ref name="UK2">{{cite news|title=Jollibee UK Reports Robust Q3 2023 Growth Driven by Strong Consumer Demand|url=https://europeanbusinessmagazine.com/media-outreach/jollibee-uk-reports-robust-q3-2023-growth-driven-by-strong-consumer-demand/|access-date=February 4, 2024|agency=European Business Magazine|date=November 29, 2023}}</ref> enggau [[United Kingdom]] ). <ref>{{cite news|last1=Loyola|first1=James A.|title=Jollibee's Chickenjoy is US best fastfood fried chicken|url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/10/14/jollibees-chickenjoy-is-us-best-fastfood-fried-chicken|access-date=September 26, 2024|work=[[Manila Bulletin]]|date=October 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101005844/https://mb.com.ph/2020/10/14/jollibees-chickenjoy-is-us-best-fastfood-fried-chicken|archive-date=November 1, 2020|language=en}}</ref> Jollibee tebilang enggau barang ke pemadu laku iya nya Chickenjoy. <ref name="Marketing2">{{Cite book |last=Go |first=Josiah |title=Fundamentals of Marketing: In The Philippine Setting |publisher=Design Plus |date=2001 |isbn=971-91860-5-4 |location=Quezon road, [[Philippines]] |pages=1–2}}</ref><ref name="JollibeeMilestonesHistory2">{{cite news|url=http://www.jollibee.com.ph/about-us#milestones-history|title=About Us|website=Jollibee.com.ph|access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> == Histori == Ba taun 1975, Tony Tan Caktiong enggau sida sebilik muka sebuah kedai aiskrim Magnolia di Cubao, [[Nengeri Quezon|Bandaraya Quezon]] . <ref name="Marketing">{{Cite book |last=Go |first=Josiah |title=Fundamentals of Marketing: In The Philippine Setting |publisher=Design Plus |date=2001 |isbn=971-91860-5-4 |location=Quezon road, [[Philippines]] |pages=1–2}}</ref> .<ref name="scmphow2">{{cite news|last=Lord|first=Richard|title=The Jollibee story: how a Philippine fast food franchise took on the world|url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/food-drink/article/3019240/story-jollibee-how-philippine-fast-food-franchise-took-world|access-date=March 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727100046/https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/food-drink/article/3019240/story-jollibee-how-philippine-fast-food-franchise-took-world|archive-date=July 27, 2019|work=South China Morning Post|date=July 21, 2019}}</ref> Pampang pemakai nya udah nya berengkah meri pemakai angat enggau sandwich . Lebuh barang pemakai nya nyadi popular agi ari aiskrim, sida sebilik mutuska deka nukar palan aiskrim nyadi restoran pemakai ti nyadi palan Jollibee keterubah dalam taun 1978. <ref name="milestonesasof2017">{{cite web|title=Milestones & History|url=http://www.jollibee.com.ph/about-us/milestones-history/|website=Jollibee.com.ph|access-date=October 19, 2017}}</ref> Penyanding penemu pengatur pengawa Manuel C. Lumba meri jaku lalau ngagai sida sebilik bekaul enggau ubah chara dikena ngemansangka pengawa bedagang. Jollibee keterubah iya diberi nama Jolibe tang ditukar nama iya ngagai Jollibee. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Quest for growth takes Jollibee Foods beyond Asia|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Company-in-focus/Quest-for-growth-takes-Jollibee-Foods-beyond-Asia2|access-date=January 30, 2024|website=Nikkei Asia|language=en-GB}}</ref> ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} qxo2qbzkhscug0hrpw1lih9ncbd7h7u 0 3954 13255 13219 2025-06-30T21:42:44Z Song GK 9 13255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = BtoB | image = BTOB in Marie Claire Korea 2017.jpg | image_size = | landscape = yes | alt = | caption = BtoB in 2017 (L–R: Sungjae, Changsub, Hyunsik, Eunkwang, Minhyuk, Ilhoon (former), Peniel | origin = [[Seoul]], South Korea | genre = {{hlist|[[K-pop]]|[[dance-pop]]|[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]|[[ballad]]|[[jazz]]|{{nowrap|[[J-pop]]}}}} | years_active = {{start date|2012}}–present | label = {{hlist|[[Cube Entertainment|Cube]]|[[Universal Music Japan|Universal Japan]]|BtoB Company}} | spinoffs = {{hlist|[[BtoB Blue]]|[[BtoB 4U]]}} | website = {{Official URL}} | current_members = * [[Seo Eun-kwang|Eunkwang]] * [[Lee Min-hyuk (rapper, born 1990)|Minhyuk]] * [[Lee Chang-sub|Changsub]] * [[Im Hyun-sik (singer)|Hyunsik]] * [[Peniel Shin|Peniel]] * [[Yook Sung-jae|Sungjae]] | past_members = * [[Jung Il-hoon|Ilhoon]] }} '''BtoB''' ( {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|iː|t|uː|b|iː}} {{respell|BEE|too|bee}} ; {{Korean|비투비}} ; akronim ari Born to Beat ; suah digaya ngena semua topi ) iya nya raban nembiak lelaki Korea Selatan ti ditumbuhka dalam taun 2012 dibaruh Cube Entertainment . Raban nya mungkur Seo Eun-kwang, Lee Min-hyuk, Lee Chang-sub, Im Hyun-sik, Peniel Shin enggau Yook Sung-jae . Asal iya tujuh iku seraban, tang Jung Il-hoon ninggalka raban nya kena 31 Disember 2020. BtoB debut kena 21 Mac 2012, mantaika lagu "Insane" (비밀) enggau "Imagine" ba ''M Countdown'' . <ref name="urlCube Entertainment Unveils Its Newest Boy Group, BtoB - MNET2">{{cite web|url=http://global.mnet.com/news/newsdetail.m?searchNewsVO.news_id=201203141305_4293|title=Cube Entertainment Unveils Its Newest Boy Group, BtoB - MNET|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005053353/http://global.mnet.com/news/newsdetail.m?searchNewsVO.news_id=201203141305_4293|archive-date=October 5, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> EP keterubah raban tu, ''Born to Beat'' udah dikeluarka kena 3 April 2012. Sida ngeluarka album penuh keterubah sida, ''Complete'', dalam bulan Jun 2015. Kena bulan November 2014, seduai iya ngaga debut Jepun enggau lagu "Wow" ari baruh syarikat Jepun Kiss Entertainment. Kenyau ari raban tu keterubah iya mansutka diri ba taun 2012, sida udah nerima mayuh macham anugerah, nyengkaum Anugerah Cakera Emas Ke-30 Raban Vokal Pemadu Manah ba taun 2016, Anugerah Muzik Melon 2017 Top 10 Bonsang enggau Anugerah Balada Anugerah Muzik Seoul Ke-25 ba taun 2018. <ref>{{cite web|title=BORN TO BEAT: HERE'S WHY YOU SHOULD STAN BTOB|url=http://billboard.ph/born-to-beat-heres-why-you-should-stan-btob|publisher=BillboardPH|date=January 7, 2017|access-date=July 13, 2017|archive-date=August 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813120621/http://billboard.ph/born-to-beat-heres-why-you-should-stan-btob|url-status=live}}</ref> Lima iti album sida ba penuduk lumur satu ba Carta Album Gaon, lalu semilan iti single sida ba penuduk lumur satu ba Carta Digital Gaon nasional . == Sejarah == === Pre-debut === Raban tu ditumbuhka syarikat Cube Entertainment. Endang udah dipadah Seo Eun-kwang, Lee Min-hyuk, Im Hyun-sik, Jung Il-hoon, enggau Lee Min-woo bisi dalam rintai kaban asal ti nganti deka debut ngena nama “BtoB”. Sida bisi ayan ba sitkom JTBC "I Live in Cheongdam-dong" ti nyadi raban nembiak lelaki ke bisi juluk ati gawa nuju pemungkal sida. Taja pia, Lee Minwoo udah badu ari rintai nama kaban ke udah disahka pengudah keterubah iya ayan ba sitkom nya lalu fakta iya enda debut enggau BtoB udah ngasuh mayuh peminat tusah ati. Kena 23 Mac 2012, Cube Entertainment udah nerangka bisi penanggul ba pengerai Minwoo, ngujungka iya enda ulih begulai enggau raban nya. Nambahka nya, iya agi deka nyadi pelatih ba baruh Cube. Enti iya deka gerai, iya tetap bulih peluang debut. Minwoo disahka deka debut nyadi kaban C-Clown (nama panggau TK) ari baruh Yedang Entertainment. <ref>{{cite web|last=Oh|first=Mi-jung|title=BTOB Targets Global Audience With Debut Showcase|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/4646/btob-hold-showcase|work=Mwave|date=March 22, 2012|access-date=July 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228195511/http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/4646/btob-hold-showcase|archive-date=December 28, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="url청담불패 이민우, 비투비 빠진 이유는? _enews24.net3">{{cite web|url=http://www.enews24.net/news/03/2500203_1164.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130111223142/http://www.enews24.net/news/03/2500203_1164.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 11, 2013|title=청담불패 이민우, 비투비 빠진 이유는? _enews24.net|access-date=April 7, 2012}}</ref> === 2012: Pemujur keterubah enggau arus perdana === [[Fail:BtoB_2012.jpg|kanan|thumb| BtoB di Singapore di Simpang Bugis kena 23 Mei 2012]] Kena 21 Mac, BtoB ngaga debut sida ba pengawa mandangka ke diatur di Seoul, ke dipansutka ari channel [[YouTube]] rasmi sida. Sida mantaika lagu tajuk sida "Insane" ( {{Korean|비밀|labels=no|rr=Bimil|lit=Secret}} ), "Imagine", enggau mayuh macham lagu bukai. <ref>{{cite web|title=BTOB Targets Global Audience With Debut Showcase|url=http://enewsworld.interest.me/enews/contents.asp?idx=4646&idxType=News&trendKeyword=Lim%20Hyun%20Sik%20(BTOB)|publisher=enewsworld|access-date=March 22, 2012}}{{Dead link|date=July 2020|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> BtoB udah nya ngeluarka EP keterubah sida ke diberi nama kediri, ''Born to Beat'' kena 3 April enggau lagu ke sama ditulis Jörgen Elofsson . <ref name="urlTVREPORT :: 방송전문인터넷미디어2">{{cite web|url=http://www.tvreport.co.kr/?c=news&m=newsview&idx=211318|title=TVREPORT :: 방송전문인터넷미디어|date=March 30, 2012|access-date=April 7, 2012|archive-date=July 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715181317/http://www.tvreport.co.kr/?c=news&m=newsview&idx=211318|url-status=live}}</ref> EP tu nyengkaum dua iti lagu tajuk keterubah raban nya “Insane” enggau “Imagine”, seraya bala kaban raban nya ngambi bagi ba pengawa nulis leka lagu enggau rap ungkup album nya. <ref name="urlTVREPORT :: 방송전문인터넷미디어3">{{cite web|url=http://www.tvreport.co.kr/?c=news&m=newsview&idx=211318|title=TVREPORT :: 방송전문인터넷미디어|date=March 30, 2012|access-date=April 7, 2012|archive-date=July 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715181317/http://www.tvreport.co.kr/?c=news&m=newsview&idx=211318|url-status=live}}</ref> Kena bulan April 2012, raban nya belakun ba program realiti keterubah sida, ''Amazon'', ti diayanka ba Mnet. <ref name="url신인그룹 비투비, 리얼리티 프로그램 입성 아마존 전격 출연2">{{cite web|url=http://news.nate.com/view/20120402n20756|title=신인그룹 비투비, 리얼리티 프로그램 입성 '아마존' 전격 출연|access-date=April 7, 2012|archive-date=December 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209212921/https://news.nate.com/view/20120402n20756|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|last=Ho|first=Stewart|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/5012/btob-stars-in-its-first-reality-program-for-mnet|title=BTOB To Star in its Own Reality Show on Mnet|work=Mwave|date=April 2, 2012|access-date=July 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831090711/http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/5012/btob-stars-in-its-first-reality-program-for-mnet|archive-date=August 31, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kereban Sanding == <references /> {{Reflist}} isjjnmrot55xxgiub070hmuwfatno6r 0 3956 13247 13221 2025-06-30T21:22:35Z Song GK 9 13247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Distinguish|Churo}}{{Infobox food|image=[[File:Chocolate con churros (27343655726).jpg|250px|A plate of churros with a cup of chocolate]]|caption=A plate of churros with a cup of chocolate|alternate_name=Tejeringos|country=[[Iberian Peninsula]]|region=[[Southern Europe]]|creator=|course=Breakfast, lunch, dinner, snack|served=Hot|main_ingredient=Deep-fried [[choux pastry]] ([[flour]], water, butter, eggs, salt)|variations=|calories=|other=}} Churros ({{IPA|es|ˈtʃuro}} ,{{IPA|pt|ˈʃuʁu}} ) iya nya sebansa kui ari pemakai Sepanyol enggau Portugis, digaga ngena tepung choux pastry ngagai minyak angat enggau beg paip sereta ujung bintang ti besai ditutup tauka tukuh ti sebaka. Sida mega bisi ditemu dalam pemakai Amerika Latin, pemakai Filipina enggau ba endur bukai ti udah nerima imigresyen ari menua ti bejaku Sepanyol enggau Portugis, kelebih agi di [[Peranchis]] enggau Barat Daya Amerika Syarikat . Ba menua [[Sepanyol]], churros tau nyadi mayuh tukuh baka simpul tauka panjai sereta tebal, ti alai iya dikelala enggau nama ''porras'', ''jeringos'', tauka ''tejeringos''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Miguel|first=Amando de|date=28 January 2008|title=Variaciones regionales del habla popular|url=https://www.libertaddigital.com/opinion/2008-01-28/amando-de-miguel-variaciones-regionales-del-habla-popular-5194707/|access-date=8 October 2024|website=[[Libertad Digital]]|language=es}}</ref><ref name="Zaera2">{{Cite web|last=Zaera|first=Beatriz|date=3 December 2024|title=Los churros vienen de China" y otros grandes bulos gastronómicos que corren por las redes|url=https://elpais.com/gastronomia/el-comidista/2024-12-03/los-churros-vienen-de-china-y-otros-grandes-bulos-gastronomicos-que-corren-por-las-redes.html/|access-date=3 December 2024|website=[[El País]]|language=es}}</ref> ba sekeda pelilih menua. Sida tu suah diempa maya makai pagi ti dichal dalam kopi anagat, tauka dalam coklat angat nyadika pemakai maya lemai. Bisi mega dua iti pemakai ti bebida mimit di Portugal, dikumbai ''porra'' enggau fartura, ti diisi enggau jeli nganti ''doce de leite'' tradisional ngagai churros Brazil. <ref>{{Cite web|date=17 November 2015|title=Cinco placas portuguesas que são muito estranhas para brasileiros|url=https://orapois.blogfolha.uol.com.br/2015/11/17/cinco-placas-portuguesas-que-sao-muito-estranhas-para-brasileiros/|access-date=17 July 2020|website=[[Folha de S.Paulo]]|language=pt}}</ref> ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} 44ash4l1xwmt15b4vnb3zoitmpms9rr 0 3963 13250 13232 2025-06-30T21:32:21Z Song GK 9 13250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Starbucks Corporation | logo = Starbucks Corporation Logo 2011.svg | logo_size = 150px | logo_caption = Logo since 2011 | image = Starbuckscenter.jpg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = Headquarters at [[Starbucks Center]] in Seattle, Washington | type = [[Public]] | traded_as = {{Plainlist| * {{NASDAQ|SBUX}} * [[Nasdaq-100]] component * [[S&P 100]] component * [[S&P 500]] component }} | industry = [[Coffeehouse|Coffee shop]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1971|03|30}}, in [[Pike Place Market]], [[Elliott Bay]], Seattle, Washington, U.S. | founder = {{Plainlist| * [[Jerry Baldwin]] * [[Zev Siegl]] * [[Gordon Bowker]] }} | hq_location = [[Starbucks Center]] | hq_location_city = [[Seattle]] | hq_location_country = United States | num_locations = 40,199 | num_locations_year = 2024 | area_served = 87 countries | key_people = {{Plainlist| * [[Howard Schultz]] (chairman emeritus) * [[Brian Niccol]] (chairman and CEO) }} | products = {{flat list| * Coffee beverages * smoothies * tea * baked goods * sandwiches }} | revenue = {{increase}} US$36.18 billion | revenue_year = 2024 | operating_income = {{decrease}} US$5.409 billion | income_year = 2024 | net_income = {{decrease}} US$3.761 billion | net_income_year = 2024 | assets = {{increase}} US$31.34 billion | assets_year = 2024 | equity = {{increasenegative}} US$&minus;7.45 billion | equity_year = 2024 | num_employees = {{circa|361,000}} | num_employees_year = 2024 | subsid = {{flat list| * Starbucks Coffee Company * [[Ethos Water]] * [[Hear Music]] * [[Pascal Rigo|La Boulange Bakery]] * [[Teavana]] * [[Torrefazione Italia]] * [[Tata Starbucks|Tata Starbucks (India)]] }} | website = {{url|https://www.starbucks.com/|starbucks.com}} | footnotes = Financials {{as of|2024|09|29|lc=y|df=US}}.<br />References:<ref name=newlogo>{{cite news | last=Kavilanz | first=Parija | title=Starbucks unveils a new logo | url=https://money.cnn.com/2011/01/05/news/companies/starbucks_new_logo/index.htm | work=[[CNN]] | date=January 5, 2011}}</ref><ref name=10K>{{cite web | url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/829224/000082922424000057/sbux-20240929.htm | title=Starbucks Corporation FY 2024 Form 10-K Annual Report | publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |date=November 20, 2024 |access-date=November 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://investor.starbucks.com/financial-data/quarterly-results/default.aspx|title=Starbucks Coffee Company - Financials - Quarterly Results and Supplemental Data}}</ref> }} [[Fail:Starbucks_signage_Fulham_Broadway_tube_station_(2).jpg|kiri|thumb| Starbucks ba stesen tiub Fulham di [[London|London, England]] .]] [[Fail:Pike_Place_Market_-_Starbucks_circa_1977A.jpg|kiri|thumb| Ba Pasar Pike Place dalam taun 1977]] [[Fail:Howard_Schultz_(33059510518).jpg|kiri|thumb| Howard Schultz nyadi ketuai eksekutif ari taun 1986 ngagai 2000, lalu sekali agi ari taun 2008 ngagai 2017]] '''Korporasyen Starbucks''' siti kedai kopi Amerika ti bepalan ba Seattle, Washington. Iya ditumbuhka dalam taun 1971 ulih Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl, enggau Gordon Bowker ba Pasar Pike Place Seattle keterubah bedagang igi kopi. Starbucks ditukar nyadi kedai kopi ti nyendiaka ai irup bepelasarka espresso ti diempu Howard Schultz, ti nyadi tuai pemesai eksekutif ari taun 1986 ngagai 2000 lalu nguluka pengawa ngerembaika francais enggau agresif di serata Pantai Barat Amerika Syarikat . {{As of|November 2022|post=,}} Kompeni tu ngembuan 35,711 pampang dalam 80 menua 15,873 endur ba Amerika Syarikat. Starbucks U.S. bisi 8,900 kompeni operasyen ngembuan lisin.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web|title=Starbucks stores: U.S. and international|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/218366/number-of-international-and-us-starbucks-stores/|access-date=November 29, 2021|website=Statista|language=en}}</ref> Iya nya siti kompeni kopi ti pemadu besai. Kompeni tu dalam tikas 120 ti ditulis dalam [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]]<ref name=":33">{{Cite web|title=Starbucks stores: U.S. and international|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/218366/number-of-international-and-us-starbucks-stores/|access-date=November 29, 2021|website=Statista|language=en}}</ref> serta 303rd dalam [[Forbes Global 2000|''Forbes'' Global 2000]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/starbucks/|title=Starbucks|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> maya 2022. Peniki gelumbang kedua budaya kopi tu suah agi dikaitka enggau Starbucks, ti meri mayuh macham peneleba kopi. Starbucks bisi nyediaka ai irup angat enggau chelap, kopi kacang, kopi segera mikro-giling, espresso, caffe latte, [[Te|teh]], jus, ai irup Frappuccino, kui enggau pemakai snek. Sekeda pemeri nya bemusim tauka spesifik ngagai endur kedai nya. Bepanggai ba menua, tebal agi endur nyendiaka akses Internet Wi-Fi pechuma. Kompeni nya udah napi mayuh macham kontroversi bekaul enggau chara dagang iya. Sebalik iya, francais iya udah merintah penaluk jenama ti besai, bagi makit, enggau rega kompeni. ==Kereban penyanding== {{reflist}} lf6ms286gceberce6pk4tos161m3nbq 0 3965 13246 13234 2025-06-30T21:14:10Z Song GK 9 13246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Burger King Corporation | logo = Burger King 2020.svg | logo_size = 160px | logo_alt = Red text spelling "Burger King" in between two orange semi-circles. | logo_caption = Logo used since 2020 | image = Burger King headquarters 2025.jpg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = Corporate headquarters in Miami-Dade County, Florida | type = [[Subsidiary]] | industry = [[Restaurant]]s | genre = [[Fast food restaurant]] | founded = '''Insta-Burger King''':<br>{{start date and age|1953}}<br>[[Jacksonville, Florida]], U.S.<br>'''Burger King''':<br>{{start date and age|1954}} <br>[[Miami|Miami, Florida]], U.S. | founder = '''Insta-Burger King''':<br>Keith G. Cramer and Matthew Burns<br>'''Burger King''':<br>[[David Edgerton]] and [[James McLamore]] | hq_location = 5707 Blue Lagoon Drive, [[Miami-Dade County, Florida]], {{nowrap|U.S.}} | num_locations = {{increase}} 19,384 {{small|(global 2023)}}<ref name="RBI-SEC_23"/><ref name="RBI BK 2023"/> | num_locations_year = | area_served = Global | key_people = {{unbulleted list| * Joshua Kobza ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]], RBI) * Tom Curtis ([[President (corporate title)|president]], Burger King Americas) }}<ref name="RBI-SEC_23"/><ref name="RBI BK 2023"/> | products = {{flatlist| * [[Hamburger]]s * [[chicken as food|Chicken]] * [[French fries]] * [[Onion rings]] * [[Soft drink]]s * [[Milkshake]]s * [[Salad]]s * [[Dessert]]s * [[Breakfast]] }} | revenue = {{unbulleted list| * {{increase}}&nbsp;US$&nbsp;1.30&nbsp;billion {{small|(US revenues 2023)}} * {{increase}}&nbsp;US$&nbsp;10.96&nbsp;billion {{small|(US sales 2023)}} * {{increase}}&nbsp;US$&nbsp;27.02&nbsp;billion&nbsp;{{small|(global sales 2023)}}<ref name="RBI-SEC_23"/><ref name="RBI BK 2023"/>}} | operating_income = <!-- no recent data --> | net_income = {{decrease}} US$ 386 million {{small|(2023)}}<ref name="RBI-SEC_23"/><ref name="RBI BK 2023"/> | assets = | parent = [[Restaurant Brands International]] | website = {{url|https://www.bk.com/|bk.com}} | footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbi.com/Cache/396848915.PDF?O=PDF&T=&Y=&D=&FID=396848915&iid=4591210|title=RBI 10K report|access-date=April 1, 2019|website=rbi.com|archive-date=July 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718035138/https://www.rbi.com/Cache/396848915.PDF?O=PDF&T=&Y=&D=&FID=396848915&iid=4591210|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbi.com/file/4591210/Index?KeyFile=1500096187|title=Restaurant Brand International: Burger King|website=rbi.com|access-date=April 1, 2019}}{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="RBI-SEC_23">{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001618756/000161875624000020/qsr-20231231.htm |title=2023 Annual Report (Form 10-K) |date=February 22, 2024 |access-date=September 1, 2024 | orig-date= |publisher=Restaurant Brands International |website= |page= |pages= |language=en |url-access= |via=[[United States Securities and Exchange Commission|SEC]]}}</ref><ref name="RBI BK 2023">{{cite web|date=February 2, 2024 |title=Restaurant Brands International Inc. Reports Full Year and Fourth Quarter 2023 Results |url=https://www.rbi.com/English/news/news-details/2024/Restaurant-Brands-International-Inc.-Reports-Full-Year-and-Fourth-Quarter-2023-Results/default.aspx |access-date=September 1, 2024|website=Restaurant Brands International IR |language=en-US}}</ref> }} '''Burger King Corporation''' iya nya restoran pemakai hamburger multinasional Amerika. Indu Opis ba Miami-Dade County, Florida, kompeni nya ditumbuhka dalam taun 1953 nyadi '''Insta-Burger King''', sebuah rentayan restoran ti bepalan ba Jacksonville, Florida. Pengudah Insta-Burger King napi penanggul ba pekara belanja, dua iku francais iya ke bepalan ba Miami, David Edgerton (1927–2018) enggau James McLamore (1926–1996) meli kompeni nya dalam taun 1959. <ref name="yahoo12">{{Cite web|title=How Burger King Went From "Insta-Burger King" to Fast-Food Royalty|url=https://www.yahoo.com/now/burger-king-went-insta-burger-121100530.html|access-date=January 2, 2022|website=Yahoo|date=December 4, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> Nangkanka nya, kompeni nya betukar jari empat kali lalu set ketiga pengempu iya, kerejasama entara TPG Modal, Modal Bain enggau Rakan Modal Goldman Sachs, awakka iya ngagai mensia mayuh dalam taun 2002. Ba ujung taun 2010, 3G Capital of Brazil bulih puku dalam kompeni nya dalam sempekat ti berega US$3.26 billion. Bala orang ti beempu kompeni ti baru nya enggau lengkas ngepunka pengawa nusun baru kompeni nya dikena nginsurka nasit.3G, begulai enggau kaling iya Berkshire Hathaway, pengujung iya begempung enggau kompeni nya enggau rentayan rumah kopi Tim Hortons ti bepalan di Kanada di baruh pegai sebuah kompeni induk baru ti bepalan di Kanada. ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} e2rz784c8pxjon0arrpnmp3o64nvl75 0 3966 13243 2025-06-30T12:10:38Z Song GK 9 Song GK telah memindahkan laman [[Pulut Panggang panggang]] ke [[Pulut panggang]] 13243 wikitext text/x-wiki #LENCONG [[Pulut panggang]] 9ebgjmer5unzqpk0q56kybl4w0mj3k2 10 3967 13244 2025-06-30T21:11:26Z Song GK 9 Melencong ke [[Templat:Infobox food]] 13244 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Templat:Infobox food]] jyxai6828f6smmtj2jvinjuq8stzjgc 10 3968 13248 2025-06-30T21:24:37Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{#if:{{Has short description}} |<!--Do nothing--> |{{main other|{{Short description|2=noreplace|{{plain text|1={{ucfirst:{{delink|{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#if:{{{type|}}}|{{{type}}}|Weapon}}|pattern=([^<]*)|nomatch=Weapon}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- end short description -->{{infobox | bodyclass = vcard | bodystyle = {{WPMILHIST Infobox style|main_box_raw}} | aboveclass = hproduct | abovestyle = {{WPMILHIST Infobox style|header_raw}} | above = <includeonly>...' 13248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{Has short description}} |<!--Do nothing--> |{{main other|{{Short description|2=noreplace|{{plain text|1={{ucfirst:{{delink|{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#if:{{{type|}}}|{{{type}}}|Weapon}}|pattern=([^<]*)|nomatch=Weapon}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- end short description -->{{infobox | bodyclass = vcard | bodystyle = {{WPMILHIST Infobox style|main_box_raw}} | aboveclass = hproduct | abovestyle = {{WPMILHIST Infobox style|header_raw}} | above = <includeonly> <span class="fn org"> {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}} </span> </includeonly> | imagestyle = {{WPMILHIST Infobox style|image_box_raw}} | image = 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Barrels | data31 = {{#if:{{{is_ranged|}}}{{{is_artillery|}}}| {{{barrels|}}} }} | label32 = [[Action (firearms)|Action]] | data32 = {{#if:{{{is_ranged|}}}| {{{action|}}} }} | label33 = [[Breech-loading weapon|Breech]] | data33 = {{#if:{{{is_artillery|}}}| {{{breech|}}} }} | label34 = [[Recoil]] | data34 = {{#if:{{{is_artillery|}}}| {{{recoil|}}} }} | label35 = Carriage | data35 = {{#if:{{{is_artillery|}}}| {{{carriage|}}} }} | label36 = [[Elevation (ballistics)|Elevation]] | data36 = {{#if:{{{is_artillery|}}}| {{{elevation|}}} }} | label37 = [[Gun laying|Traverse]] | data37 = {{#if:{{{is_artillery|}}}| {{{traverse|}}} }} | label38 = [[Rate of fire|Rate&nbsp;of&nbsp;fire]] | data38 = {{#if:{{{is_ranged|}}}{{{is_artillery|}}}| {{{rate|}}} }} | label39 = [[Muzzle velocity|Muzzle&nbsp;velocity]] | data39 = {{#if:{{{is_ranged|}}}{{{is_artillery|}}}| {{{velocity|}}} }} | label40 = Effective&nbsp;firing&nbsp;range | data40 = {{#if:{{{is_ranged|}}} {{{is_explosive|}}}{{{is_artillery|}}}| {{{range|}}} }} | label41 = Maximum&nbsp;firing&nbsp;range | data41 = {{#if:{{{is_ranged|}}}{{{is_explosive|}}}{{{is_artillery|}}}| {{{max_range|}}} }} | label42 = Feed&nbsp;system | data42 = {{#if:{{{is_ranged|}}}| {{{feed|}}} }} | label43 = Sights | data43 = {{#if:{{{is_ranged|}}}{{{is_artillery|}}}| {{{sights|}}} }} | label44 = [[Blade]]&nbsp;type | data44 = {{#if:{{{is_bladed|}}}| {{{blade_type|}}} }} | label45 = [[Hilt]]&nbsp;type | data45 = {{#if:{{{is_bladed|}}}| {{{hilt_type|}}} }} | label46 = [[Scabbard]]/[[Scabbard|sheath]] | data46 = {{#if:{{{is_bladed|}}}| {{{sheath_type|}}} }} | label47 = Head&nbsp;type | data47 = {{#if:{{{is_bladed|}}}| {{{head_type|}}} }} | label48 = [[wikt:haft|Haft]]&nbsp;type | data48 = {{#if:{{{is_bladed|}}}| {{{haft_type|}}} }} | label49 = {{#if:{{{is_missile|}}}| Warhead|Filling}} | data49 = {{#if:{{{is_explosive|}}}{{{is_missile|}}}| {{{filling|}}} }} | label50 = {{#if:{{{is_missile|}}}| Warhead|Filling}}&nbsp;weight | data50 = 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is_vehicle | launch_platform | length | manufacturer | mass | max_range | name | number | origin | part_length | passengers | payload_capacity | primary_armament | production_date | propellant | pw_ratio | range | rate | recoil | ref | secondary_armament | service | sheath_type | sights | spec_label | speed | steering | suspension | transmission | transport | traverse | type | unit_cost | used_by | variants | vehicle_range | velocity | wars | weight | width | wingspan | yield }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> m3hx6np3oo770h4koh1gzc2rwxcugud 10 3969 13251 2025-06-30T21:36:24Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '/* {{pp-protected|small=yes}} */ /* always light background for logos */ .ib-brand-logo img { background-color: #f8f9fa; }' 13251 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-protected|small=yes}} */ /* always light background for logos */ .ib-brand-logo img { background-color: #f8f9fa; } amcgn20hwhtgz1tz2kxocek25t6ia4x 10 3970 13252 2025-06-30T21:36:31Z Song GK 9 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10 3971 13256 2025-06-30T21:44:59Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '<includeonly>{{safesubst<noinclude />:efn|name={{{name|}}}|group=upper-alpha|reference={{{1|{{{reference|{{{content|{{{text|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>' 13256 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst<noinclude />:efn|name={{{name|}}}|group=upper-alpha|reference={{{1|{{{reference|{{{content|{{{text|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> pl8uafdfsl93tqtnaaohv0ehjbm2430 0 3972 13260 2025-06-30T22:07:43Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1289366657|Karo people (Indonesia)]] " 13260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group|group=Karo people|native_name=ᯂᯞᯂ᯳ᯂᯒᯭ|native_name_lang=btx|image=Batak Karo Wedding.jpg|image_caption=A newly-married Karonese couple dressed in Karo traditional outfit (2010), the wedding ceremony called as ''Erdemu Bayu'' in local Karonese language.|population=1,232,655 (2013)<ref>{{Citation |last=Yulianti H |first=Olivia |title=The Study of 'Batak Toba' Tribe Tradition Wedding Ceremony |url=http://eprints.polsri.ac.id/1410/2/Chap%20I.pdf |page=1 |year=2014 |publisher=Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya |access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref>|popplace={{flag|Indonesia}} ([[Karo Regency]], [[Medan]], [[Deli Serdang Regency]], [[Langkat Regency]])|langs=[[Karo language (Indonesia)|Karo language]], [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]|rels={{hlist||Predominantly [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]] [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] & [[Roman Catholicism]])|[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] [[Sunni Islam]]|[[File:Dharma Wheel.svg|15px]] [[Buddhism]]|[[Pemena]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Voice of Nature, Volumes 85-95|year=1990|publisher=Yayasan Indonesia Hijau|page=45}}</ref> and Pebegu}}|related={{hlist|[[Alas people|Alas]]|[[Kluet people|Kluet]]|[[Pakpak people]]|[[Simalungun people]]|[[Toba Batak people|Toba people]]|[[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]]}}}}Bansa '''Batak Karo''' (tauka Karo) iya nya bansa ke asal ari Tanah Karo di [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Tanah Karo tu mungkur [[Kabupaten Karo]], ditambah enggau kandang menua ke besemak ba Kabupaten Aceh Timur, [[Kabupaten Langkat]], Kabupaten Dairi, Kabupaten Simalungun, enggau [[Kabupaten Deli Serdang]].<ref name="karo1">{{Citation|last=Kushnick|first=Geoff|title=Bibliography of Works on the Karo Batak of North Sumatra, Indonesia: Missionary Reports, Anthropological Studies, and Other Writings from 1826 to the Present|date=2010|url=http://faculty.washington.edu/kushnick/karo_biblio_v1.2.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008110731/http://faculty.washington.edu/kushnick/karo_biblio_v1.2.pdf|edition=Version 1.2|access-date=2010-10-09|archive-date=2012-10-08|url-status=dead}} </ref> Kelimpah ari nya, mengeri [[Binjai (nengeri)|Binjai]] enggau [[Medan]], ke sama-sama bekunsi garis menua enggau [[Kabupaten Deli Serdang]], ngundan populasyen raban bansa Karo ke signifikan, kelebih agi ba kandang menua Padang Bulan [[Medan]]. Mengeri Sibolangit, [[Kabupaten Deli Serdang]] ba kaki bukit jalai ari [[Medan]] ke Berastagi mega nyadi mengeri Karo ke mai besai reti. Tanah Karo ngundan dua bukit berapi besai, Gunung Sinabung, ti meletup pengudah 400 taun enda aktif kena 27 Ogos 2010<ref>{{Cite news|last=Zamira Rahim|date=10 June 2019|title=Mount Sinabung: Volcano Eruption Warnings After Huge Column of Ash Prompts Panic in Indonesia|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/mount-sinabung-volcano-eruption-sumatra-ash-indonesia-latest-a8952136.html|access-date=2020-06-18}} </ref> enggau Gunung Sibayak. Tanah Karo tu mungkur tanah tinggi ti chelap agi sereta tanah rendah atas enggau baruh. Menua Karo dipegai Belanda dalam taun 1904. Dalam taun 1906, jalai alun nuju tanah tinggi digaga, ngujungka pengawa nyilung orang Karo tanah tinggi. Jalai nya nyambung [[Medan]] enggau tanah rendah ngagai Kabanjahe lalu ari nya ngagai kededua Kutacane di [[Aceh]] enggau Pematangsiantar di Simalungun. Pengawa nginjil Kristian keterubah iya dipejalaika ba raban bansa Karo dalam taun 1890 ti digaga Gerempung Misionari Belanda. Ketegal ti diperatika bisi kaul enggau kolonialisme Hindia Belanda, semina sekeda raban bansa Karo aja ti tama pengarap baru ba pun lalu semina pengudah Indonesia meredeka dalam taun 1945 baru pengarap Kristian bulih sukung ti signifikan ba raban bansa Karo.<ref>History of Christianity in Indonesia. pp. 569-584. </ref> Ba taun 1911, projek betanam betupi berengkah ba Berastagi, ke diatu nyadi mengeri besai di Tanah Karo, kena nanam sayur Eropah ba endur ke lebih angat. Berastagi kemaya hari tu nyadi bagi menua ke pemadu lantang di Tanah Karo, semina sejam ari [[Medan]], seraya mengeri ke jauh agi ba menua pesisir merinsa ketegal penatai pemisi ke baruh sereta akses ngagai pengawa ngintu pengerai ke mimit. 92eo2prseorz7jnft73xzkqqdf81au0 13261 13260 2025-06-30T22:08:19Z Song GK 9 13261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group|group=Karo people|native_name=ᯂᯞᯂ᯳ᯂᯒᯭ|native_name_lang=btx|image=Batak Karo Wedding.jpg|image_caption=A newly-married Karonese couple dressed in Karo traditional outfit (2010), the wedding ceremony called as ''Erdemu Bayu'' in local Karonese language.|population=1,232,655 (2013)<ref>{{Citation |last=Yulianti H |first=Olivia |title=The Study of 'Batak Toba' Tribe Tradition Wedding Ceremony |url=http://eprints.polsri.ac.id/1410/2/Chap%20I.pdf |page=1 |year=2014 |publisher=Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya |access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref>|popplace={{flag|Indonesia}} ([[Karo Regency]], [[Medan]], [[Deli Serdang Regency]], [[Langkat Regency]])|langs=[[Karo language (Indonesia)|Karo language]], [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]|rels={{hlist||Predominantly [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]] [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] & [[Roman Catholicism]])|[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] [[Sunni Islam]]|[[File:Dharma Wheel.svg|15px]] [[Buddhism]]|[[Pemena]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Voice of Nature, Volumes 85-95|year=1990|publisher=Yayasan Indonesia Hijau|page=45}}</ref> and Pebegu}}|related={{hlist|[[Alas people|Alas]]|[[Kluet people|Kluet]]|[[Pakpak people]]|[[Simalungun people]]|[[Toba Batak people|Toba people]]|[[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]]}}}}Bansa '''Batak Karo''' (tauka Karo) iya nya bansa ke asal ari Tanah Karo di [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Tanah Karo tu mungkur [[Kabupaten Karo]], ditambah enggau kandang menua ke besemak ba Kabupaten Aceh Timur, [[Kabupaten Langkat]], Kabupaten Dairi, Kabupaten Simalungun, enggau [[Kabupaten Deli Serdang]].<ref name="karo1">{{Citation|last=Kushnick|first=Geoff|title=Bibliography of Works on the Karo Batak of North Sumatra, Indonesia: Missionary Reports, Anthropological Studies, and Other Writings from 1826 to the Present|date=2010|url=http://faculty.washington.edu/kushnick/karo_biblio_v1.2.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008110731/http://faculty.washington.edu/kushnick/karo_biblio_v1.2.pdf|edition=Version 1.2|access-date=2010-10-09|archive-date=2012-10-08|url-status=dead}} </ref> Kelimpah ari nya, mengeri [[Binjai (nengeri)|Binjai]] enggau [[Medan]], ke sama-sama bekunsi garis menua enggau [[Kabupaten Deli Serdang]], ngundan populasyen raban bansa Karo ke signifikan, kelebih agi ba kandang menua Padang Bulan [[Medan]]. Mengeri Sibolangit, [[Kabupaten Deli Serdang]] ba kaki bukit jalai ari [[Medan]] ke Berastagi mega nyadi mengeri Karo ke mai besai reti. Tanah Karo ngundan dua bukit berapi besai, Gunung Sinabung, ti meletup pengudah 400 taun enda aktif kena 27 Ogos 2010<ref>{{Cite news|last=Zamira Rahim|date=10 June 2019|title=Mount Sinabung: Volcano Eruption Warnings After Huge Column of Ash Prompts Panic in Indonesia|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/mount-sinabung-volcano-eruption-sumatra-ash-indonesia-latest-a8952136.html|access-date=2020-06-18}} </ref> enggau Gunung Sibayak. Tanah Karo tu mungkur tanah tinggi ti chelap agi sereta tanah rendah atas enggau baruh. Menua Karo dipegai Belanda dalam taun 1904. Dalam taun 1906, jalai alun nuju tanah tinggi digaga, ngujungka pengawa nyilung orang Karo tanah tinggi. Jalai nya nyambung [[Medan]] enggau tanah rendah ngagai Kabanjahe lalu ari nya ngagai kededua Kutacane di [[Aceh]] enggau Pematangsiantar di Simalungun. Pengawa nginjil Kristian keterubah iya dipejalaika ba raban bansa Karo dalam taun 1890 ti digaga Gerempung Misionari Belanda. Ketegal ti diperatika bisi kaul enggau kolonialisme Hindia Belanda, semina sekeda raban bansa Karo aja ti tama pengarap baru ba pun lalu semina pengudah Indonesia meredeka dalam taun 1945 baru pengarap Kristian bulih sukung ti signifikan ba raban bansa Karo.<ref>History of Christianity in Indonesia. pp. 569-584. </ref> Ba taun 1911, projek betanam betupi berengkah ba Berastagi, ke diatu nyadi mengeri besai di Tanah Karo, kena nanam sayur Eropah ba endur ke lebih angat. Berastagi kemaya hari tu nyadi bagi menua ke pemadu lantang di Tanah Karo, semina sejam ari [[Medan]], seraya mengeri ke jauh agi ba menua pesisir merinsa ketegal penatai pemisi ke baruh sereta akses ngagai pengawa ngintu pengerai ke mimit. ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} c2q63nt77omc2fiu2tcenn543h701nw 13262 13261 2025-06-30T22:08:46Z Song GK 9 13262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group|group=Karo people|native_name=ᯂᯞᯂ᯳ᯂᯒᯭ|native_name_lang=btx|image=Batak Karo Wedding.jpg|image_caption=A newly-married Karonese couple dressed in Karo traditional outfit (2010), the wedding ceremony called as ''Erdemu Bayu'' in local Karonese language.|population=1,232,655 (2013)<ref>{{Citation |last=Yulianti H |first=Olivia |title=The Study of 'Batak Toba' Tribe Tradition Wedding Ceremony |url=http://eprints.polsri.ac.id/1410/2/Chap%20I.pdf |page=1 |date=2014 |publisher=Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya |access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref>|popplace={{flag|Indonesia}} ([[Karo Regency]], [[Medan]], [[Deli Serdang Regency]], [[Langkat Regency]])|langs=[[Karo language (Indonesia)|Karo language]], [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]|rels={{hlist||Predominantly [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]] [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] & [[Roman Catholicism]])|[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] [[Sunni Islam]]|[[File:Dharma Wheel.svg|15px]] [[Buddhism]]|[[Pemena]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Voice of Nature, Volumes 85-95|date=1990|publisher=Yayasan Indonesia Hijau|page=45}}</ref> and Pebegu}}|related={{hlist|[[Alas people|Alas]]|[[Kluet people|Kluet]]|[[Pakpak people]]|[[Simalungun people]]|[[Toba Batak people|Toba people]]|[[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]]}}}}Bansa '''Batak Karo''' (tauka Karo) iya nya bansa ke asal ari Tanah Karo di [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Tanah Karo tu mungkur [[Kabupaten Karo]], ditambah enggau kandang menua ke besemak ba Kabupaten Aceh Timur, [[Kabupaten Langkat]], Kabupaten Dairi, Kabupaten Simalungun, enggau [[Kabupaten Deli Serdang]].<ref name="karo1">{{Citation|last=Kushnick|first=Geoff|title=Bibliography of Works on the Karo Batak of North Sumatra, Indonesia: Missionary Reports, Anthropological Studies, and Other Writings from 1826 to the Present|date=2010|url=http://faculty.washington.edu/kushnick/karo_biblio_v1.2.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008110731/http://faculty.washington.edu/kushnick/karo_biblio_v1.2.pdf|edition=Version 1.2|access-date=2010-10-09|archive-date=2012-10-08|url-status=dead}} </ref> Kelimpah ari nya, mengeri [[Binjai (nengeri)|Binjai]] enggau [[Medan]], ke sama-sama bekunsi garis menua enggau [[Kabupaten Deli Serdang]], ngundan populasyen raban bansa Karo ke signifikan, kelebih agi ba kandang menua Padang Bulan [[Medan]]. Mengeri Sibolangit, [[Kabupaten Deli Serdang]] ba kaki bukit jalai ari [[Medan]] ke Berastagi mega nyadi mengeri Karo ke mai besai reti. Tanah Karo ngundan dua bukit berapi besai, Gunung Sinabung, ti meletup pengudah 400 taun enda aktif kena 27 Ogos 2010<ref>{{Cite news|last=Zamira Rahim|date=10 June 2019|title=Mount Sinabung: Volcano Eruption Warnings After Huge Column of Ash Prompts Panic in Indonesia|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/mount-sinabung-volcano-eruption-sumatra-ash-indonesia-latest-a8952136.html|access-date=2020-06-18}} </ref> enggau Gunung Sibayak. Tanah Karo tu mungkur tanah tinggi ti chelap agi sereta tanah rendah atas enggau baruh. Menua Karo dipegai Belanda dalam taun 1904. Dalam taun 1906, jalai alun nuju tanah tinggi digaga, ngujungka pengawa nyilung orang Karo tanah tinggi. Jalai nya nyambung [[Medan]] enggau tanah rendah ngagai Kabanjahe lalu ari nya ngagai kededua Kutacane di [[Aceh]] enggau Pematangsiantar di Simalungun. Pengawa nginjil Kristian keterubah iya dipejalaika ba raban bansa Karo dalam taun 1890 ti digaga Gerempung Misionari Belanda. Ketegal ti diperatika bisi kaul enggau kolonialisme Hindia Belanda, semina sekeda raban bansa Karo aja ti tama pengarap baru ba pun lalu semina pengudah Indonesia meredeka dalam taun 1945 baru pengarap Kristian bulih sukung ti signifikan ba raban bansa Karo.<ref>History of Christianity in Indonesia. pp. 569-584. </ref> Ba taun 1911, projek betanam betupi berengkah ba Berastagi, ke diatu nyadi mengeri besai di Tanah Karo, kena nanam sayur Eropah ba endur ke lebih angat. Berastagi kemaya hari tu nyadi bagi menua ke pemadu lantang di Tanah Karo, semina sejam ari [[Medan]], seraya mengeri ke jauh agi ba menua pesisir merinsa ketegal penatai pemisi ke baruh sereta akses ngagai pengawa ngintu pengerai ke mimit. ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} p5vzn5o39m5j6f8r6zy667b2g0u5kt3