Wikipedia ibawiki https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambar_Keterubah MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.15 first-letter Media Spesyel Randau Penggena Randau penggena Wikipedia Randau Wikipedia Fail Randau fail MediaWiki Randau MediaWiki Templat Randau templat Bantu Randau bantu Kategori Randau kategori TimedText TimedText talk Modul Randau modul Acara Perbincangan acara 0 1179 19632 18235 2026-08-15T01:59:36Z Song GK 9 19632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox continent |title = Asia Tenggara |image = Southeast Asia (orthographic projection).svg |area = {{Convert|4545792|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} |elevation_max_ft = 19,295 |elevation_max_point = [[Hkakabo Razi]] |population = {{UN_Population|South-Eastern Asia}} ([[List of continents and continental subregions by population#Distribution of populations by the United Nations geoscheme|3rd]]){{UN_Population|ref}} |density = {{Convert|135.6|/km2|abbr=on}} |GDP_nominal = $3.317 trilion ([[exchange rate]])<ref name="IMF" /> |GDP_PPP = $9.727 trilion<ref name=ACIF2013>{{Cite book|title=ASEAN Community in Figures (ACIF) 2013|date=Feb 2014|publisher=ASEAN|location=Jakarta|isbn=978-602-7643-73-4|page=1|edition=6th|url=http://www.asean.org/images/resources/2014/May/2.%20Feb%202014%20-%20ASEAN%20Community%20in%20Figures%202013.pdf|access-date=9 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904103519/http://www.asean.org/images/resources/2014/May/2.%20Feb%202014%20-%20ASEAN%20Community%20in%20Figures%202013.pdf|archive-date=4 September 2015}}</ref> |GDP_per_capita = $5,017 (exchange rate)<ref name="IMF" /> |HDI = {{Increase}} 0.723 |ethnic_groups = *'''[[Ripih Orang Asal#Asia Tenggara|Orang Asal (Asia Tenggara)]]'''<br />[[Orang Austronesia|Austronesia]], [[Austroasiatik]], [[Negrito]], [[Sino-Tibet]], enggau [[Orang Tai]] *'''[[Orang Asia Timur]]''' *'''[[Orang Asia Selatan]]''' |religions = [[Animisme]], [[Buddha]], [[Kristian]], [[Konfusanisme|Konfusianisme]], [[Hindu]], [[Islam]], [[Pengarap Lama Tai]], [[Taoisme]], and [[Pengarap Lama Vietnam]] |demonym = Southeast Asian |countries = {{Collapsible list | list_style = text-align:left; | title = [[List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia|11]] <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD BANGLADESH, NORTHEAST INDIA, CHRISTMAS ISLAND OR THE COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS TO THIS LIST. THE DEFINITION OR THE ADDITION OF THESE COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES TO SOUTHEAST ASIA IS NOT A COMMONLY ACCEPTED DEFINITION/PRACTICE BY ORGANISATIONS SUCH AS THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE CIA. BANGLADESH AND NORTHEAST INDIA ARE COMMONLY ACCEPTED AS PART OF SOUTH ASIA WHILE CHRISTMAS ISLAND OR THE COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS ARE COMMONLY ACCEPTED AS PART OF AUSTRALIA/OCEANIA. THE CURRENT COUNTRIES LISTED HERE (BRUNEI, CAMBODIA, EAST TIMOR/TIMOR-LESTE, INDONESIA, LAOS, MALAYSIA, MYANMAR/BURMA, THE PHILIPPINES, SINGAPORE, THAILAND, AND VIETNAM) ARE THE MOST ACCEPTED DEFINITION OF SOUTHEAST ASIA. PLEASE DISCUSS CHANGES REGARDING THE ADDITION OF ABOVE-MENTIONED ENTITIES IN THE TALK PAGE. PLEASE ALSO REFER TO THE CURRENT MAPS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA BEING USED FOR THIS ARTICLE FOR FURTHER INFORMATION. --> | 1 = {{Flag|Brunei}} | 2 = {{Flag|Filipina}} | 3 = {{Flag|Indonesia}}{{NoteTag|Sebengkah [[Rintai menua meraka benua|menua meraka benua]].}} | 4 = {{Flag|Kemboja}} | 5 = {{Flag|Laos}} | 6 = {{Flag|Malaysia}} | 7 = {{Flag|Myanmar}} | 8 = {{Flag|Singapura}} | 9 = {{Flag|Thailand}} | 10 = {{Flag|Timor Leste}} | 11 = {{Flag|Vietnam}} }} |languages = {{Collapsible list | list_style = text-align:left; | title = Jaku Rasmi | [[Jaku Burma|Burma]] | [[Jaku Inggeris|Inggeris]] | [[Jaku Tagalog|Tagalog]] | [[Jaku Khmer|Khmer]] | [[Jaku Lao|Lao]] | [[Jaku Indonesia|Indonesia]] | [[Jaku Melayu|Melayu]] | [[Jaku Cina|Mandarin]] | [[Jaku Portugis|Portugis]] | [[Jaku Tamil|Tamil]] | [[Jaku Tetum|Tetum]] | [[Jaku Thai|Thai]] | [[Jaku Vietnam|Vietnam]] }} {{Collapsible list | title = Jaku Bukai | titlestyle = text-align:left;padding-right:4em;font-weight:normal;background-color:whitesmoke; | bullets = true | '''[[Jaku-jaku Afro-Asiatik|Afro-Asiatik]]''':<br />[[Jaku Arab|Arab]] | '''[[Jaku-jaku Austroasiatik|Austroasiatik]]''': {{Hlist | [[Jaku Mon|Mon]] | [[Jaku Khmer|Khmer]] | [[Jaku Vietnam|Vietnamese]] | [[Jaku-jaku Orang Asli]] }} | '''[[Jaku-jaku Austronesia|Austronesia]]''': {{Hlist | [[Jaku Jawa|Jawa]] | [[Jaku Sunda|Sunda]] | [[Jaku Madura|Madura]] | [[Jaku Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] | [[Jaku Bugis|Bugis]] | [[Jaku Aceh|Aceh]] | [[Jaku Batak|Batak]] | [[Jaku Banjar|Banjar]] | [[Jaku Bali|Bali]] | [[Jaku Tagalog|Tagalog]] | [[Jaku Tetum|Tetum]] | [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]] | [[Ilocano language|Ilocano]] | [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]] | [[Waray language|Waray]] | [[Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]] | [[Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]] | [[Bikol languages|Bikol]] | [[Masbateño language|Masbateño]] | [[Cham language|Cham]] | [[Jaku Iban|Iban]] | [[Jaku Bidayuh|Bidayuh]] | [[Jaku Dusun|Dusun]] | [[Jaku Kadazan|Kadazan]] | [[Jaku Lun Bawang|Lun Bawang/Lundayeh]] | [[Moken languages|Moken]] }} | '''[[Jaku-jaku Kreol|Kreol]]''': {{Hlist | [[Jaku Betawi|Betawi]] | [[Jaku Melayu Ambon|Melayu Ambon]] | [[Jaku Chavacano|Chavacano]] | [[Jaku Tok Pisin|Tok Pisin]] | [[Jaku Kristang|Kristang]] }} | '''[[Jaku-jaku Dravidia|Dravidia]]''': {{Hlist | [[Jaku Tamil|Tamil]] | [[Jaku Telugu|Telugu]] | [[Jaku Malayalam|Malayalam]] }} | '''[[Great Andamanese languages|Great Andamanese]]''': {{Hlist | [[Aka-Jeru language|Aka-Jeru (Present Great Andamanese)]] }} | '''[[Jaku-jaku Indo-Eropah|Indo-Eropah]]''': {{Hlist | [[Jaku Bengali|Bengali]] | Inggeris | Peranchis | [[Jaku Persia|Persia]] | [[Jaku Portugis|Portugis]] | Sepanyol | [[Jaku Hindustani|Hindi/Urdu]] | Belanda | [[Jaku Sinhala|Sinhala]] | [[Jaku Rohingya|Rohingya]] }} | '''[[Ongan languages|Ongan]]''': {{Hlist | [[Onge language|Onge]] | [[Jarawa language (Andaman Islands)|Jarawa]] | [[Sentinelese language|Sentinelese]] ? }} | '''[[Jaku-jaku Tai–Kadai|Tai–Kadai]]''': {{Hlist | [[Jaku Thai|Thai]] | [[Jaku Lao|Lao]] | [[Jaku Shan|Shan]] }} | '''[[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]]''': {{Hlist | [[Burmese language|Burmese]] | [[Rakhine language|Rakhine]] | [[Karen languages|Karen]] | [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] | [[Cantonese]] | [[Min Chinese|Min]] | [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]] }} |[[Languages of Asia]] – All of the languages of Asia }} |time = {{Collapsible list | title = {{Nowrap|5 time zones}} | titlestyle = text-align:left;padding-right:4em;font-weight:normal;background-color:whitesmoke; | {{Bulleted list | [[UTC+5:30|'''UTC+5:30''': Andaman and Nicobar&nbsp;Islands]] | [[UTC+6:30|'''UTC+6:30''': Cocos&nbsp;(Keeling) Islands • Myanmar]] | [[UTC+7|'''UTC+7:00''': Cambodia • Christmas&nbsp;Island • Indonesia • Laos • Thailand • Vietnam]] | [[UTC+8|'''UTC+8:00''': Brunei • Indonesia • Malaysia • Philippines • Singapore]] | [[UTC+9|'''UTC+9:00''': East Timor • Indonesia]] }} }} |internet = [[.bn|.bn]], [[.id|.id]], [[.kh|.kh]], [[.la|.la]], [[.mm|.mm]], [[.my|.my]], [[.ph|.ph]], [[.sg|.sg]], [[.th|.th]], [[.tl|.tl]], [[.vn|.vn]] |calling_code = [[List of country calling codes|Zone 6, 8 & 9]] |cities = <!-- PLEASE LIMIT THE CITIES LISTED HERE TO CITIES LISTED IN [[List of urban areas by population]], AND LIST PER ALPHABETICAL ORDER. THANKS! --> {{Collapsible list | title = Capital cities | {{Flagicon|Brunei}} [[Bandar Seri Begawan]] | {{Flagicon|Cambodia}} [[Phnom Penh]] | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Jakarta]] | {{Flagicon|Laos}} [[Vientiane]] | {{Flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Kuala Lumpur]] | {{Flagicon|Myanmar}} [[Nay Pyi Daw]] | {{Flagicon|Philippines}} [[Manila]] | {{Flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapura]] | {{Flagicon|Thailand}} [[Bangkok]] | {{Flagicon|East Timor}} [[Dili]] | {{Flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Hanoi]] }} {{Collapsible list | title = Largest cities | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Bandung]] | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Bekasi]] | {{Flagicon|Thailand}} [[Bangkok]] | {{Flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Can Tho]] | {{Flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Da Lat]] | {{Flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Da Nang]] | {{Flagicon|Philippines}} [[Cebu City]] | {{Flagicon|Philippines}} [[Davao City]] | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Denpasar]] | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Depok]] | {{Flagicon|Malaysia}} [[George Town, Penang|George Town]] | {{Flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Hanoi]] | {{Flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Hai Phong]] | {{Flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Ho Chi Minh City]] | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Jakarta]] | {{Flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Kuala Lumpur]] | {{Flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Johor Bahru]] | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Makassar]] | {{Flagicon|Philippines}} [[Manila]] | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Medan]] | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Palembang]] | {{Flagicon|Philippines}} [[Nengeri Quezon]] | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Semarang]] | {{Flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore]] | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Surabaya]] | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Tangerang]] | {{Flagicon|Myanmar}} [[Yangon]] | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Yogyakarta]] | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Banda Aceh]] | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Padang]] | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Ambon, Maluku]] | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Jayapura]] }} |m49 = <code>035</code> – South-eastern Asia<br /><code>142</code> – [[Asia]]<br /><code>001</code> – [[World]] |footnotes = <!-- PLEASE LIMIT THE CITIES LISTED HERE TO CITIES LISTED IN [[List of urban areas by population]]. ALSO, PLEASE LIMIT THE NUMBER OF CITIES TO THE 3 LARGEST CITIES OF EACH ASEAN NATION. THANKS! --> |image_caption=Kar geopolitikal Asia Tenggara, nyengkaum [[New Guinea Barat]], ti bepalan ba [[Oceania]] nitihka geografi|dependencies={{Flag|Christmas Island}}<br> {{Flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}}}} '''Asia Tenggara''' nya pelilih menua geografi ti bepalan ba tenggara benua Asia, ti nyengkaum selatan [[China]], subbenua India tenggara enggau barat laut [[Australia]]. Asia Tenggara ngembuan adan enggau [[Asia Timur]] ba utara, Asia Selatan enggau Teluk Bengal ba barat, [[Oceania]] enggau [[Tasik Pasifik]] ba timur, enggau Australia enggau [[Tasik Hindi]] ba selatan. Kelimpah ari [[Menua Tasik Hindi British]] enggau dua ari 26 pulau karang Maldives ba [[Asia Selatan]], Asia Tenggara nya semina pelilih menua ba [[Asia]] ti bepalan ba [[Hemisfer Selatan]]. Tebal agi kandang endur nya agi ba Hemisfer Utara. Mina menua [[Timor Leste]] enggau bagi menua selatan [[Indonesia]] aja ke nyadi kandang menua selatan [[Ekuator]]. == Definisyen == ===Bagi politik=== [[File:Southeast Asia Political Map World Factbook 2020.png|thumb|Kar politik Asia Tenggara]] ====Menua==== {| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:right;" |- ! scope="col" | Menua ! scope="col" | Pemesai<br />({{abbr|km²|square kilometres}}) ! scope="col" | Pemayuh mensia<br />(2025)<ref name="Population">{{cite web |date=16 October 2025 |title=South-Eastern Asia Population (LIVE) |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/south-eastern-asia-population/ |access-date=16 October 2025 |publisher=worldometer}}</ref> ! scope="col" | Pemadat<br />({{abbr|/km²|per square kilometre}}) ! scope="col" | IPM<br />(2021)<ref>"Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). [[United Nations Development Programme]]. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.</ref> ! scope="col" | Indu menua |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | {{Country|Brunei}} | 5,765<ref name="CIAGov-BN">{{cite web |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Brunei – The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brunei/ |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=11 November 2019 |archive-date=21 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721102115/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | 455,500 | {{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Brunei Darussalam}}|R}}/5765 round 0}} | 0.829 | style="text-align:left;" | [[Bandar Seri Begawan]] |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | {{Country|Kemboja}} | 181,035<ref name="CIAGov-KH">{{cite web |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Cambodia – The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/ |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=11 November 2019 |archive-date=10 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610095311/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | 17,577,760 | {{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Cambodia}}|R}}/181035 round 0}} | 0.593 | style="text-align:left;" | [[Phnom Penh]] |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | {{Country|Indonesia}} | 1,904,569<ref name="CIAGov-ID">{{cite web |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Indonesia – The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/indonesia/ |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=11 November 2019 |archive-date=13 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413004319/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/indonesia |url-status=live }}</ref> | 284,438,782 | {{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Indonesia}}|R}}/1904569 round 0}} | 0.728 | style="text-align:left;" | [[Jakarta]] |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | {{Country|Laos}} | 236,800<ref name="CIAGov-LA">{{cite web |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Laos – The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/laos/ |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=11 November 2019 |archive-date=7 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307193820/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/laos/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | 7,647,000 | {{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Lao People's Democratic Republic}}|R}}/236800 round 0}} | 0.607 | style="text-align:left;" | [[Vientiane]] |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | {{Country|Malaysia}} | 329,847<ref name="CIAGov-MY">{{cite web |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Malaysia – The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malaysia/ |website=cia.gov |access-date=16 October 2021 |archive-date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015225421/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malaysia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | 34,231,700 | {{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Malaysia}}|R}}/329847 round 0}} | 0.803 | style="text-align:left;" | [[Kuala Lumpur]] {{anchor|Kuala Lumpur}}[[#Putrajaya|*]] |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | {{Country|Myanmar}} | 676,578<ref name="CIAGov-MM">{{cite web |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Burma – The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burma/ |website=cia.gov |access-date=11 November 2019 |archive-date=1 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201171209/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burma/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | 51,316,756 | {{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Myanmar}}|R}}/676578 round 0}} | 0.585 | style="text-align:left;" | [[Nay Pyi Taw]] |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | {{Country|Filipina}} | 300,000<ref name="CIAGov-PH">{{cite web |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Philippines – The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/philippines/ |website=cia.gov |access-date=11 November 2019 |archive-date=20 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820022910/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/philippines/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | 114,123,600 | {{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Philippines}}|R}}/300000 round 0}} | 0.710 | style="text-align:left;" | [[Manila]] |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | {{Country|Singapore}} | 719.2<ref name="CIAGov-SG">{{cite web |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Singapore – The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/singapore/ |website=cia.gov |access-date=11 November 2019 |archive-date=20 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320131051/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/singapore |url-status=live }}</ref> | 6,110,200 | {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Singapore}}|R}}/719.200 round 0}}}} | 0.939 | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | [[Singapura]] |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | {{Country|Thailand}} | 513,120<ref name="CiaGov-TH">{{cite web |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Thailand – The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/ |website=cia.gov |access-date=11 November 2019 |archive-date=10 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610164345/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | 65,859,640 | {{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Thailand}}|R}}/513120 round 0}} | 0.800 | style="text-align:left;" | [[Bangkok]] |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | {{Country|Timor Leste}} | 14,874<ref name="CIAGov-TL">{{cite web |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Timor-Leste – The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/timor-leste/ |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=11 November 2019 |archive-date=10 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110035005/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/timor-leste |url-status=live }}</ref> | 1,391,221 | {{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Timor-Leste}}|R}}/14874 round 0}} | 0.607 | style="text-align:left;" | [[Dili]] |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | {{Country|Vietnam}} | 331,210<ref name="CIA-Gov-VN">{{cite web |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Vietnam – The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/vietnam/ |website=cia.gov |access-date=11 November 2019 |archive-date=10 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610173010/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/vietnam/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | 101,343,800 | {{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Viet Nam}}|R}}/331210 round 0}} | 0.703 | style="text-align:left;" | [[Hanoi]] |} {{small|{{anchor|Putrajaya}}[[#Kuala Lumpur|*]] Palan administrayen ba [[Putrajaya]].}} == Nota == <references group="note"/> == Kereban sanding == {{reflist}} == Bacha ke silik agi == {{refbegin|30em}} * Acharya, Amitav. ''The making of Southeast Asia: International relations of a region'' (Cornell UP, 2013). * Ang, Cheng Guan. ''Southeast Asia After the Cold War: A Contemporary History'' (Singapore: NUS Press, 2019) [https://hdiplo.org/to/E291 online review] * Ang, Cheng Guan. ''Southeast Asia's Cold War: An Interpretive History'' (University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2018). [https://issforum.org/roundtables/PDF/Roundtable-XX-39.pdf online review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707163420/https://issforum.org/roundtables/PDF/Roundtable-XX-39.pdf |date=7 July 2021 }} * Barwise, J. M., and Nicholas J. White. ''A traveller's history of Southeast Asia'' (2002) [https://archive.org/details/travellershistor00jmba online] * Cady, John F. ''Southeast Asia: its historical development'' (McGraw-Hill, 1964) [https://archive.org/details/southeastasiaits0000cady online] * Cady, John F. ''The roots of French imperialism in Eastern Asia'' (1954) [https://archive.org/details/rootsoffrenchimp0000cady online] * Coedes, George. ''The Making of South East Asia'' (2nd ed. U of California Press, 1983). * Dutt, Ashok K. ''Southeast Asia: A Ten Nation Region'' (1996) [https://www.amazon.com/Southeast-Asia-Nation-Region-Aug-1996/dp/B0108E8D7Y/ref=sr_1_1?Adv-Srch-Books-Submit.x=0&Adv-Srch-Books-Submit.y=0&dchild=1&qid=1602997636&refinements=p_28%3ASoutheast+Asia%3A+A+Ten+Nation+Region%2C&s=books&sr=1-1&unfiltered=1 excerpt] * Embree, Ainslie T., ed. ''Encyclopedia of Asian history'' (1988) ** [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofas0003unse/page/n5/mode/2up vol. 1 online]; [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofas0002unse/page/n5/mode/2up vol 2 online]; [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofas0003unse_l9c1/page/n5/mode/2up vol 3 online]; [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofas0000embr vol 4 online] * Heidhues, Mary Somers. ''Southeast Asia : a concise history'' (2000) [https://archive.org/details/southeastasiacon0000some/page/n3/mode/2up online] * Leinbach, Thomas R., and Richard Ulack. ''Southeast Asia: diversity and development'' (Prentice Hall, 1999) [https://archive.org/details/southeastasiadiv00thom online]. * Levinson, David, and Karen Christensen, eds. ''Encyclopedia of Modern Asia''. (6 vol. Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002). * Osborne, Milton. ''Region of revolt: focus on Southeast Asia'' (Elsevier, 2013). [https://archive.org/details/regionofrevoltfo0000osbo online] * Osborne, Milton (2010; first published in 1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=4fzDN4374JUC ''Southeast Asia: An Introductory History''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729195150/https://books.google.com/books?id=4fzDN4374JUC |date=29 July 2020 }} Allen & Unwin. {{ISBN|978-1-74237-302-7}} [https://archive.org/details/southeastasiaint0000osbo online] * Osborne, Milton. ''River at risk: the Mekong and water politics of China and Southeast Asia'' (Longueville Media, 2004). * Reid, Anthony (1999). ''Charting the Shape of Early Modern Southeast Asia'' Silkworm Books. {{ISBN|978-974-7551-06-8}} * Swearer, Donald K. ''The Buddhist World of Southeast Asia'' (2nd ed. 2010) [https://archive.org/details/buddhistworldofsoutheastasiadonaldswearerk.sunny_883_t online] * Ulack, Richard, and Gyula Pauer. ''Atlas of Southeast Asia'' (Macmillan, 1989) [https://archive.org/details/atlasofsoutheast00ulac online]. * Williams, Lea E. ''Southeast Asia : a history'' (1976) [https://archive.org/details/southeastasiahis00will online] {{refend}} [[Kategori:Asia Tenggara| ]] ieqwjulekazl5qh4mlwwefns2tp8hhs 0 1637 19633 11536 2026-08-15T02:27:41Z Song GK 9 /* Penyanding */ 19633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Perintah Kemboja | common_name = Cambodia | native_name = {{Native name|km|ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា|italics=off}}<br />{{Small|{{Transliteration|km|Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchéa}} ([[Romanization of Khmer#UNGEGN|UNGEGN]])}} | image_flag = Flag of Cambodia.svg | image_coat = Royal arms of Cambodia.svg | symbol_type = Royal arms | national_motto = {{Lang|km|ជាតិ សាសនា ព្រះមហាក្សត្រ}}<br />{{Transliteration|km|Chéatĕ, Sasânéa, Preăh Môhaksâtr}}<br />("Nation, Religion, King") | national_anthem = {{Lang|km|នគររាជ}}<br />{{Transliteration|km|[[Nokor Reach|Nôkôr Réach]]}}<br />("Majestic Kingdom"){{Parabr}}{{Center|[[Fail:United States Navy Band - Nokoreach.ogg]]}} | image_map = {{Switcher|[[Fail:Cambodia on the globe (Cambodia centered).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[Fail:Location Cambodia ASEAN.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Southeast Asia|default=1}} | map_caption = | capital = [[Phnom Penh]] | coordinates = {{Coord|11.57|N|104.91|E|display=inline,title}} | largest_city = capital | languages_type = Official language<br />{{Nobold|and national language}} | languages = [[Khmer language|Khmer]]<ref name="constitution">{{Cite web |title=Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia |url=https://pressocm.gov.kh/en/archives/9539 |website=Office of the Council of Ministers |date=25 January 2017 |publisher=អង្គភាពព័ត៌មាន និងប្រតិកម្មរហ័ស |access-date=26 September 2020 |archive-date=14 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214171717/https://pressocm.gov.kh/en/archives/9539/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | languages2_type = Official script | languages2 = [[Khmer script|Khmer]]<ref name="constitution" /> | ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list | 95.8% [[Khmer people|Khmer]] | 1.8% [[Chams|Cham]] | 0.6% [[Chinese Cambodians|Chinese]] | 0.5% [[Vietnamese Cambodians|Vietnamese]] | 1.3% [[Ethnic groups in Cambodia|others]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2019<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Final%20General%20Population%20Census%202019-English.pdf | title=General Population Census of Cambodia 2019 | access-date=26 May 2023 | archive-date=3 February 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203225556/https://www.nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Final%20General%20Population%20Census%202019-English.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Ethnic%20Minorities.pdf | title=Ethnic Minorities, Census of Cambodia 2019 | access-date=3 March 2024 | archive-date=3 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303183707/https://www.nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Ethnic%20Minorities.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> | religion = {{Unbulleted list | 97.1% [[Buddhism in Cambodia|Buddhism]] ([[State religion|official]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia |url=https://www.ccc.gov.kh/detail_info_en.php?_txtID=791 |website=Constitutional Council of Cambodia |access-date=11 April 2022 |at=p. 14 Article 43 |language=en |format=PDF |date=October 2015 |quote="Buddhism is State's religion" |archive-date=16 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016033822/https://www.ccc.gov.kh/detail_info_en.php?_txtID=791 |url-status=live }}</ref> | 2.0% [[Islam in Cambodia|Islam]] | 0.3% [[Catholic Church in Cambodia|Christianity]] | 0.5% [[Religion in Cambodia|other]]s }} | religion_year = 2019<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Final%20General%20Population%20Census%202019-English.pdf | title=General Population Census of Cambodia 2019 | access-date=26 May 2023 | archive-date=3 February 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203225556/https://www.nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Final%20General%20Population%20Census%202019-English.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> | demonym = {{Hlist|[[Demographics of Cambodia|Cambodian]]|[[Khmer people|Khmer]]|[[Demographics of Cambodia|Kampuchean]] (historical)}} | government_type = Unitary parliamentary constitutional [[elective monarchy]] under an [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] hereditary state<ref name=":01">{{Cite news |title=What to expect from Cambodia's new 'dynastic' prime minister |url=https://www.dw.com/en/what-to-expect-from-cambodias-new-dynastic-prime-minister/a-66591627 |access-date=25 August 2023 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=8 August 2022 |archive-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825004955/https://www.dw.com/en/what-to-expect-from-cambodias-new-dynastic-prime-minister/a-66591627 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite magazine |last1=Syed |first1=Armani |title=What to Know About the Army Chief Who Will Be Cambodia's Next Leader |url=https://time.com/6298046/hun-manet-cambodia-leadership/ |access-date=25 August 2023 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=26 July 2023}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite news |last1=Hunt |first1=Luke |title=Assessing Cambodia's New Political Leadership |url=https://thediplomat.com/2023/08/assessing-cambodias-new-political-leadership/ |access-date=25 August 2023 |work=[[The Diplomat]] |date=23 August 2023}}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of Cambodia|Monarch]] | leader_name1 = [[Norodom Sihamoni]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Cambodia|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Hun Manet]] | leader_title4 = [[List of presidents of the National Assembly (Cambodia)|President of the National Assembly]] | leader_name4 = [[Khuon Sodary]] | leader_title3 = [[List of presidents of the Senate (Cambodia)|President of the Senate]] | leader_name3 = [[Hun Sen]] | legislature = [[Parliament of Cambodia|Parliament]] | upper_house = [[Senate (Cambodia)|Senate]] | lower_house = [[National Assembly (Cambodia)|National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Cambodia|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Funan]] | established_date1 = 68–550 | established_event2 = [[Chenla]] | established_date2 = 550–802 | established_event3 = [[Khmer Empire]] | established_date3 = 802–1431 | established_event4 = [[Post-Angkor period|Middle period]] | established_date4 = 1431–1863 | established_event5 = [[French protectorate of Cambodia|French protectorate]] | established_date5 = 11 August 1863 | established_event6 = [[Independence Day of Cambodia|Independence]] from [[French colonial empire|France]] | established_date6 = 9 November 1953 | area_km2 = 181,035 | area_rank = 88th | area_sq_mi = 69,898 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 2.5 | population_estimate = 17,091,464<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.nis.gov.kh/index.php/en/national-statistical-systems/official-statistics-of-cambodia | title=រក្សាសិទ្ធ, វិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិស្ថិតិនៃក្រសួងផែនការ, រាជរដ្ឋាភិបាលកម្ពុជា - Copyright © 2017, NIS, MOP, Government of Cambodia - Official Statistics of Cambodia | access-date=5 March 2024 | archive-date=3 April 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403042803/https://www.nis.gov.kh/index.php/en/national-statistical-systems/official-statistics-of-cambodia | url-status=live }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2023 | population_estimate_rank = 72nd | population_density_km2 = 94.4 | population_density_sq_mi = 211.8 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | GDP_PPP = {{Increase}} $106.714 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.KH">{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=522,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Cambodia) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=15 October 2023 |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103201402/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=522,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2024 | GDP_PPP_rank = 97th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{Increase}} $6,541<ref name="IMFWEO.KH" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 144th | GDP_nominal = {{Increase}} $33.233 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.KH" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2024 | GDP_nominal_rank = 108th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{Increase}} $2,037<ref name="IMFWEO.KH" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 151st | Gini = 36.0 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2013 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/income-gini-coefficient |title=Income Gini coefficient |publisher=World Bank |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=29 January 2020 |archive-date=10 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610232357/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> | HDI = 0.600 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2022<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{Cite web |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2021/2022 |language=en |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |date=8 September 2022 |access-date=8 September 2022 |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908114232/http://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | HDI_rank = 146th | currency = {{Unbulleted list |[[Cambodian riel|Riel]] (៛) ([[ISO 4217|KHR]]; ''de jure'' and ''de facto'')|[[United States dollar]] ($) ([[ISO 4217|USD]]; ''de facto'')}}<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Nay Im |first1=Tal |last2=Dabadie |first2=Michel |title=Dollarization in Cambodia |url=https://www.nbc.org.kh/download_files/publication/others_eng/NoteMD117-14_article_dollarization.pdf |website=National Bank of Cambodia |access-date=11 April 2022 |language=en |date=31 March 2007 |archive-date=11 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511203155/https://www.nbc.org.kh/download_files/publication/others_eng/NoteMD117-14_article_dollarization.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Nagumo |first1=Jada |title=Cambodia aims to wean off US dollar dependence with digital currency |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Markets/Currencies/Cambodia-aims-to-wean-off-US-dollar-dependence-with-digital-currency#:~:text=Cambodia%20runs%20a%20dual%2Dcurrency,of%20civil%20war%20and%20unrest. |access-date=11 April 2022 |publisher=Nikkei Asia |date=4 August 2021 |quote="Cambodia runs a dual-currency system, with the U.S. dollar widely circulating in its economy. The country's dollarization began in the 1980s and 90s, following years of civil war and unrest." |archive-date=15 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415063706/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Markets/Currencies/Cambodia-aims-to-wean-off-US-dollar-dependence-with-digital-currency#:~:text=Cambodia%20runs%20a%20dual%2Dcurrency,of%20civil%20war%20and%20unrest. |url-status=live }}</ref> | utc_offset = +07:00 | time_zone = [[Indochina Time|ICT]] | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Cambodia|+855]] | cctld = [[.kh|.kh]] }} '''Kemboja''' tu siti ari menua ba [[Asia Tenggara]]. Kemboja ngembuan adan enggau [[Thailand]], [[Laos]] enggau [[Vietnam]] == Kereban sanding == [[Kategori:Menua ba Asia]] 3sc0i5heuhqrvlqiqro15mazi7h2fri 0 2291 19628 9430 2026-08-15T01:26:17Z Song GK 9 /* Malin */ 19628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Universiti Negeri Padang | native_name = Universitas Negeri Padang | image = Padang_State_University_logo.jpg | image_size = 100px | caption = UNP Emblem | logo = | logo_size = | latin_name = | motto = Alam Takambang Jadi Guru <br/>({{lang-iba|Alam Ngerembai Nyadi Pengajar}}) | mottoeng = | established = 23 Oktober 1954 | closed = | type = Negeri | rector = Prof. H. Ganefri, Ph.D., M.Pd. | faculty = 950 | staff = | students = 30,000 | undergrad = 70 program pragraduan | postgrad = | doctoral = 1 program | other = | city = [[Padang (nengeri)|Padang]] | province = [[Sumatera Barat]] | country = [[Indonesia]] | coor = | former_names = IKIP Padang <br/>({{lang-iba|Institut Pematih enggau Pelajar Pengajar Padang}}) | free_label = | free = | sports = | colors = Kuning | colours = | nickname = | mascot = | athletics = | affiliations = | website = {{url|www.unp.ac.id}} | footnotes = }} '''Universiti Negeri Padang''' ({{lang-id|Universitas Negeri Padang}}, dipandak nyadi '''UNP''') nya siti universiti negeri ba [[Padang (nengeri)|Padang]], [[Sumatera Barat]], [[Indonesia]], Kena 23rd Oktober 1954, universiti tu ditumbuhka Opis Menteri Pelajar Indonesia. Diatu, rektor iya nya Prof. Ganefri, Ph.D. Sebedau tu, rektor iya nya Prof Dr. H. Yanuar Kiram. Bepelasarka SK BANPT 2989/SK/BAN-PT/Akred/PT/XII/2016, Universiti Negeri Padang bulih akreditasi gred "A".<ref>[http://unp.ac.id/id/hal/capaian-0 Akreditasi UNP]</ref> Universiti tu disengkaum nyadi siti ari ‘50 iti universiti ti bisi peluang di Indonesia’.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unp.ac.id/ |title=Home |website=unp.ac.id}}</ref> Kampus keterubah universiti tu bepalan ba Jln. Prof. Dr. Hamka, Air Tawar, Padang. Berebak enggau nya, palan kampus ke bukai iya nya di Bandaraya Bukittinggi, enggau di Ulu Gadut, Padang. == Sejarah == Universiti Negeri Padang (UNP) iya nya asil ari pengawa nukar IKIP Padang nyadi siti universiti, ke asal iya dikumbai Kolej Pendidikan Guru (PTPG) di Batusangkar. Kenyau ditumbuhka kena 1 September 1954, UNP udah ngasaika mayuh ubah. Dalam sejarah pemansang iya, ubah ti nyadi ukai semina nyengkaum nama enggau endur diau aja, tang mega status enggau program pelajar ti dikemansangka iya, nitihka polisi dikena nangkup peminta pemansang pelajar di menua tu. Ubah tu tau dibagi ngagai lima timpuh, iya nya:<ref>[http://unp.ac.id/id/hal/sejarah Sejarah UNP], di situs resminya.</ref> * Timpuh PTPG Batusangkar (1954—1956) * Timpuh FKIP [[Universiti Andalas]] Bukittinggi di Batusangkar (1956—1958) * Timpuh FKIP Universiti Andalas Padang (1958—1964) * Timpuh [[Universiti Negeri Jakarta|IKIP Jakarta]] Pampang Padang (1964—1965) * Timpuh IKIP Padang, siti institusyen ke bediri kediri (1965—1999) * Timpuh Universiti Negeri Padang (1999—diatu) == Fakulti == Universiti tu ngembuan sebelas iti fakulti:<ref>[http://www.unp.ac.id/index2.php?pModule=fakultas&pSub=fakultas&pAct=view Faculties] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014035237/http://unp.ac.id/index2.php?pModule=fakultas&pSub=fakultas&pAct=view |date=2011-10-14 }}</ref> # Fakulti Pelajar # Fakulti Jaku enggau Seni # Fakulti Matematik enggau Sains Asal # Fakulti Sains Sosial # Fakulti Injinir # Fakulti Sains Lumba # Fakulti Ekonomi # Fakulti Hospitaliti enggau Dagang Temuai # Fakulti Pelajar Graduan # Fakulti Psykologi enggau Pengerai # Fakulti Ubat == Galeri == <gallery> Masjid dan gerbang UNP.jpg|Pintu Tama Universiti Negeri Padang Universitas Negeri Padang rektorat.jpg|Rektorat lama Universiti Negeri Padang Masjid Al-Azhar Kampus UNP Air Tawar.jpg|Mesegit Raya Al-Azhar UNP. Gedung Auditorium UNP MTQN 2020.jpg|Auditorium Universiti Negeri Padang Seminar Gerakan Anti Bullying di kampus UNP.jpg|Datuk Bandar Padang Mahyeldi meri seminar ba Dewan Lumba UNP. </gallery> ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} rlp48ykkovsnedgnum8tariai8ura2z 0 2963 19622 10603 2026-08-15T01:13:38Z Song GK 9 /* Sanding penemu */ 19622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language |name= Tetum |altname= {{langx|pt|Tétum}} |nativename=Tetun |ethnicity= [[Bansa Tetum|Tetum]] |states= [[Indonesia]] <br /> [[Timor Leste]] |speakers= {{sigfig|463,500|1}}, mayuh iya ba Indonesia |date = 2010–2011 |ref = e25 |familycolor=Austronesia |fam2=[[Jaku-jaku Melayu-Polinesia|Melayu-Polinesia]] |fam3=[[Jaku-jaku Melayu-Polinesia Timur-Tengah|Timur-Tengah]] |fam4=[[Jaku-jaku Timor–Babar|Timor–Babar]] |fam5=Tetumic |dia1=Belunese (''Tetun Belu'') |dia2=Terik (''Tetun Terik'') |nation= {{flag|East Timor}} |minority={{flag|Indonesia}} ([[Nusa Tenggara Timur]]) |iso2=tet |iso3=tet |glotto=tetu1245 |glottorefname=Tetum |map=Tetum Terik.png |mapcaption=Agih ''Tetum Belu'' (barat) enggau ''Tetum Terik'' (tenggara) ba Timur Leste. Majoriti orang ke bejaku Tetun, ke diau ba Timor Barat, enda dipandangka. }} {{Infobox language |name=Tetun Dili |altname= Tetun Prasa<br/>{{langx|pt|Tétum Praça}} |nativename=''Tetun Dili, Tetun Prasa'' |states=[[Timur Leste]] |speakers={{sigfig|385000|2}} |date=2009 |ref=<ref name =e25 /> |speakers2 = [[Jaku kedua|L2]]: {{sigfig|570000|2}} in East Timor<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Table 14: Second language/dialect by sex for the population over four years of age |title=Timor-Leste Population and Housing Census 2015|url=http://www.statistics.gov.tl/category/publications/census-publications/|publisher=Timor-Leste Ministry of Finance}}</ref> |familycolor=Austronesia |fam2=[[Jaku-jaku Melayu-Polinesia|Melayu-Polinesia]] |fam3=[[Jaku-jaku Melayu-Polinesia Timur-Tengah|Timur-Tengah]] |fam4=[[Jaku-jaku Timor–Babar|Timor–Babar]] |fam5=Tetumic |dia1=Belu (''Tetun Belu'') |dia2=Terik (''Tetun Terik'') |script=[[Urup Latin|Latin]] ([[Alfabet Tetum]]) |nation=[[Timor Leste]] |agency=National Institute of Linguistics |iso3=tdt |glotto2=tetu1246 |glottorefname2=Tetun Dili |map=Tetum Prasa.png |mapcaption=Agih orang ke bejaku ngena jaku asal Tetum Prasa di Timor Leste |notice=IPA }} '''Jaku Tetum''' ({{lang|tet|Tetun}}; {{langx|id|Bahasa Tetun}}; {{langx|pt|Tétum}})<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook |last=Bauer |first=Laurie |date=2007 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |location=Edinburgh}}</ref> nya siti ari [[jaku-jaku Austronesia]] dikena ba pulau [[Timor]]. Jaku tu siti ari dua jaku rasmi ba [[Timor Leste]] lalu jaku tu mega dikena ba [[Kabupaten Belu]] enggau [[Kabupaten Malaka]], ke numbuhka bagi timur [[Indonesia]] ba [[Timor Barat]]. Bisi dua batang tukuh jaku Tetum nyadi jaku: *{{anchor|terik}} '''Tetum Terik''', ti nyadi tukuh Tetum ti lebih asal ti ditanda enggau pilih leka jaku ti bebida, kurang pengaruh luar enggau tukuh bukai baka [[Konjugasyen gramatis|konjugasyen jaku pengawa]]. * '''Tetum/n Prasa''' ('Tetum Pasar', ari leka jaku Portugis {{Lang|pt|praça}} ke mai reti 'pasar') tauka '''Tetum/n Dili''' (ketegal tukuh jaku tu mayuh dikena ba indu nengeri iya nya Dili). Tu mih tukuh jaku Tetum (balat dipengaruhka jaku Portugis) ti mansang di Dili maya perintah kolonial lebuh orang ti bejaku Tetum setempat bisi kaul enggau indu misi, orang dagang enggau pemerintah kolonial Portugis. Ba Timor Leste, jaku ''Tetun Dili'' mayuh dikena enggau lanchar nyadi jaku kedua. ''[[Ethnologue]]'' ngelaska ''Tetun Terik'' nyadi siti ari dialek Tetun.<ref name=e25/> Taja pia, enti nadai kontak, ''Tetun Dili'' enda ulih saling diperetika.<ref name=e25tdt>{{e25|tdt|Tetun Dili}}</ref> Kelimpah ari sekeda pengawa ngemudahka jalai jaku, jaku Tetun Dili udah balat dipengaruhka leka jaku sereta mimit aja jalai jaku [[jaku Portugis|Portugis]], jaku rasmi Timor Timur ke bukai. ==Frasa mudah== *{{Lang|tet|Bondia}} – 'Selamat pagi' (ari jaku Portugis {{Lang|ms|Bom dia}}). *{{Lang|tet|Di'ak ka lae?}} – 'Nama berita?' (reti literal 'Gerai nuan?') *{{Lang|tet|Ha'u di'ak}} – 'Manah-manah ja aku.' *{{Lang|tet|Obrigadu/Obrigada}} – 'Terima kasih', disebut laki/indu (ari jaku Portugis {{Lang|ms|Obrigado/Obrigada}}). *{{Lang|tet|Ita bele ko'alia Tetun?}} – 'Nuan nemu bejaku Tetun?' *{{Lang|tet|Loos}} – 'Betul' *{{Lang|tet|Lae}} – 'Enda' *{{Lang|tet|Ha'u'}} [{{Lang|tet|la}}] {{Lang|tet|komprende}} – '[Enda] mereti aku' (ari jaku Portugis {{Lang|ms|compreender}}). ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} d7qv0gngp8qlz724rer1cf2uck48pfh 14 6832 19621 2026-08-15T01:11:44Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Isi artikel ukai Iban|tet|tet}} [[Kategori:Artikel ti ngundan teks ukai jaku Iban|Tetum]]' 19621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Isi artikel ukai Iban|tet|tet}} [[Kategori:Artikel ti ngundan teks ukai jaku Iban|Tetum]] mvq59wz7g73g2t43vzff2ivk6509dlp 0 6833 19623 2026-08-15T01:19:34Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368418996|Dili]] " 19623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kutak info genturung pendiau | official_name = Dili | native_name = {{native name|pt|Díli}} | settlement_type = [[Indu menua]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | total_width = 300 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | caption_align = center | image1 = Government Palace, Dili, 2023 (02).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = [[Istana Perintah, Dili|Istana Perintah]] | image2 = Immaculate Conception Cathedral (Dili), 2023 (05).jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = [[Katedral Dikandung Enda Bepenyalah, Dili|Katedral Dikandung Enda Bepenyalah]] | image3 = National Parliament building, Dili, 2018 (02).jpg | alt3 = | caption3 = [[Parlimen Nasional (Timor-Leste)|Parlimen Nasional]] | image4 = Jesus Backside Beach, Dili, East Timor (312833934).jpg | alt4 = | caption4 = Jesus Beach | image5 = Christ Dili.jpg | alt5 = | caption5 = [[Cristo Rei Dili]] | image6 = Casa Europa, Dili, 2023 (01).jpg | alt6 = | caption6 = [[Casa Europa]] | image7 =Municipal Market of Dili, 2023 (03).jpg | alt7 = | caption7 = [[Tamu Kandang Mengeri Dili|Palan Konvensyen Dili]] }} | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | seal_size = 200px | image_shield = | nickname = | motto = | pushpin_map = Timor-Leste | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_label_position = top | pushpin_relief = yes | coordinates = {{coord|08|33|13|S|125|34|42|E|region:TL|display=it}} | subdivision_type = Menua | subdivision_name = {{flag|Timor-Leste}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Kandang mengeri ba Timor-Leste|Kandang mengeri]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Kandang Mengeri Dili|Dili]] | established_title = Indu nengeri [[Timor Portugis]] | established_date = 1769 | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = Perintah kandang mengeri | leader_name = [[Gregório da Cunha Saldanha]] | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 178.62 | elevation_m = 11 | elevation_footnotes = | population_total = 277,488 | population_as_of = 2023 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_metro = 324,296 | population_note = | timezone1 = {{TL wikidata|timezone}} | utc_offset = {{TL wikidata|utc_offset}} | postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name_sec1 = | blank_info_sec1 = }} '''Dili''' ({{Langx|pt|Díli}}) nya indu menua enggau mengeri ti pemadu besai di [[Timor Leste|Timor-Leste]]. Iya ba tebing tasik utara pulau [[Timor]], ba kandang endur ti mit ti rata ti dikelingi bukit. Iklim iya tropika enggau musin basah enggau kemarau ti nyelai. Mengeri tu udah nyadi hab ekonomi enggau kepala palan penyangkai kapal ke diatu Timor-Leste kenyau ari iya dichiri nyadi indu menua [[Timor Portugis]] dalam taun 1769. Iya mega nyadi indu nengeri [[Kandang Mengeri Dili]], ti nyengkaum sekeda subbagi menua pesisir kelimpah ari mengeri ti nyadika mengeri nya empu. Penyampau tubuh Dili ke majak nambah nya agi biak, laban tebal agi umur sida ulih gawa. Jaku menua nya iya nya [[jaku Tetum]]; taja pia, peranak nyengkaum mayuh mindah ari kandang menua bukai ari selampur menua nya. [[Kategori:Indu menua ba Asia]] [[Kategori:Koordinat ba Wikidata]] [[Kategori:Artikel ti ngundan teks jaku Portugis]] [[Kategori:Penerang pandak bebida enggau Wikidata]] [[Kategori:Artikel enggau penerang pandak]] 7fn432jzsbt2j3wy4liilc2ecbp4w4r 19624 19623 2026-08-15T01:20:30Z Song GK 9 19624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kutak info genturung pendiau | official_name = Dili | native_name = {{native name|pt|Díli}} | settlement_type = [[Indu menua]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | total_width = 300 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | caption_align = center | image1 = Government Palace, Dili, 2023 (02).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = [[Istana Perintah, Dili|Istana Perintah]] | image2 = Immaculate Conception Cathedral (Dili), 2023 (05).jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = [[Katedral Dikandung Enda Bepenyalah, Dili|Katedral Dikandung Enda Bepenyalah]] | image3 = National Parliament building, Dili, 2018 (02).jpg | alt3 = | caption3 = [[Parlimen Nasional (Timor-Leste)|Parlimen Nasional]] | image4 = Jesus Backside Beach, Dili, East Timor (312833934).jpg | alt4 = | caption4 = Jesus Beach | image5 = Christ Dili.jpg | alt5 = | caption5 = [[Cristo Rei Dili]] | image6 = Casa Europa, Dili, 2023 (01).jpg | alt6 = | caption6 = [[Casa Europa]] | image7 =Municipal Market of Dili, 2023 (03).jpg | alt7 = | caption7 = [[Tamu Kandang Mengeri Dili|Palan Konvensyen Dili]] }} | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | seal_size = 200px | image_shield = | nickname = | motto = | pushpin_map = Timor-Leste | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_label_position = top | pushpin_relief = yes | coordinates = {{coord|08|33|13|S|125|34|42|E|region:TL|display=it}} | subdivision_type = Menua | subdivision_name = {{flag|Timor-Leste}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Kandang mengeri ba Timor-Leste|Kandang mengeri]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Kandang Mengeri Dili|Dili]] | established_title = Indu nengeri [[Timor Portugis]] | established_date = 1769 | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = Perintah kandang mengeri | leader_name = [[Gregório da Cunha Saldanha]] | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 178.62 | elevation_m = 11 | elevation_footnotes = | population_total = 277,488 | population_as_of = 2023 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_metro = 324,296 | population_note = | timezone1 = {{TL wikidata|timezone}} | utc_offset = {{TL wikidata|utc_offset}} | postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name_sec1 = | blank_info_sec1 = }} '''Dili''' ({{Langx|pt|Díli}}) nya indu menua enggau mengeri ti pemadu besai di [[Timor Leste|Timor-Leste]]. Iya ba tebing tasik utara pulau [[Timor]], ba kandang endur ti mit ti rata ti dikelingi bukit. Iklim iya tropika enggau musin basah enggau kemarau ti nyelai. Mengeri tu udah nyadi hab ekonomi enggau kepala palan penyangkai kapal ke diatu Timor-Leste kenyau ari iya dichiri nyadi indu menua [[Timor Portugis]] dalam taun 1769. Iya mega nyadi indu nengeri [[Kandang Mengeri Dili]], ti nyengkaum sekeda subbagi menua pesisir kelimpah ari mengeri ti nyadika mengeri nya empu. Penyampau tubuh Dili ke majak nambah nya agi biak, laban tebal agi umur sida ulih gawa. Jaku menua nya iya nya [[jaku Tetum]]; taja pia, peranak nyengkaum mayuh mindah ari kandang menua bukai ari selampur menua nya. ==Bacha ke silik agi== * 2004 census results: {{cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Dili_en.pdf |title=Priority Tables for Dili District |publisher=National Statistics Directorate |date=2008 |access-date=30 June 2021 |archive-date=26 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026112645/https://www.statistics.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Dili_en.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{cite book |title=Município Dili: Esboços Mapa Suco no Aldeia Timor-Leste |date=2019 |publisher=[[Ministry of Finance (Timor-Leste)|Ministério das Finanças]] / Direcção Geral de Estatística / Direcção Nacional Cartografia Estatísticas |location=Dili |url=https://www.statistics.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Dili_Aldeia_AtlasCont-x-7.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117114938/https://www.statistics.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Dili_Aldeia_AtlasCont-x-7.pdf |archive-date=17 November 2020 |language=tet}} [[Kategori:Indu menua ba Asia]] n0aw373a27gal52a0m20sm4goon6t84 828 6834 19625 2026-08-15T01:21:27Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan 'return { name = 'Timor Leste', top = -7.8, bottom = -10.0, left = 123.9, right = 127.5, image = 'East Timor adm-2 location map.svg', image1 = 'East Timor relief location map.jpg' }' 19625 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Timor Leste', top = -7.8, bottom = -10.0, left = 123.9, right = 127.5, image = 'East Timor adm-2 location map.svg', image1 = 'East Timor relief location map.jpg' } eqel851akiy2jzsc26dc1661cc28j0t 10 6835 19626 2026-08-15T01:22:27Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Timor-Leste | flag alias = Flag of East Timor.svg | flag alias-1975 = Flag of East Timor (1975–1976).png | flag alias-2002 = Flag of East Timor (2002).png | flag alias-military = Flag of the Timor Leste Defence Force.svg | link alias-military = Timor-Leste Defence Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <...' 19626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Timor-Leste | flag alias = Flag of East Timor.svg | flag alias-1975 = Flag of East Timor (1975–1976).png | flag alias-2002 = Flag of East Timor (2002).png | flag alias-military = Flag of the Timor Leste Defence Force.svg | link alias-military = Timor-Leste Defence Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1975 | var2 = 2002 | related1 = Democratic Republic of East Timor (1975) | redir1 = TLS | redir2 = Timor Leste </noinclude> }} 9gsxgy9zvf0u1cp2rt8xdemayutn3u0 19627 19626 2026-08-15T01:23:18Z Song GK 9 Melencong ke [[Templat:Country data Timor Leste]] 19627 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Templat:Country data Timor Leste]] 1a6bwzya5m292u00wmsjxsq2lirefbp 0 6836 19629 2026-08-15T01:49:41Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367454778|Khmer language]] " 19629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kutak info jaku | name = Jaku Khmer | altname = Jaku Kemboja | nativename = {{lang|km|ភាសាខ្មែរ}} / {{lang|km|ខេមរភាសា}}<br />{{transliteration|km|Phéasa Khmêr}} / {{transliteration|km|Khémôrôphéasa}} | image = PhiesaKhmae.svg | imagecaption = {{tlit|km|Phéasa Khmêr}} ('Jaku Khmer') ditulis ngena urup Khmer | pronunciation = {{IPA|km|pʰiəsaː kʰmae|}}<br />{{IPA|km|kʰeːmarapʰiəsaː|}} | states = {{ubl|[[Kemboja]]|[[Thailand]] ([[Timur Thailand|Timur]] enggau [[Isan]])|[[Vietnam]] ([[Luba Mekong]] enggau [[Tenggara (Vietnam)|Tenggara]])}} | ethnicity = [[Bansa Khmer|Khmer]] | speakers = [[Jaku keterubah|L1]]: {{sigfig|19.477730|2}} juta | date = 2019 | ref = <ref name="e28|khm">{{e28|khm}}</ref> | speakers2 = [[Jaku kedua|L2]]: {{sigfig|1.041900|1}} juta (2024)<ref name="e28|khm">{{e28|khm}}</ref><br/>Total: {{sigfig|20.519630|2}} million (2019–2024)<ref name="e28|khm">{{e28|khm}}</ref> | speakers_label = Pejaku | familycolor = Austroasiatik | fam1 = [[Jaku-jaku Austroasiatik|Austroasiatik]] | ancestor = [[Jaku Proto-Khmerik|Proto-Khmeric]] | ancestor2 = [[Jaku Khmer Kelia]] | ancestor3 = [[Jaku Khmer Tengah]] | script = {{ubl|[[Urup Khmer]]|[[Urup Braille Khmer]]}} | nation = {{flag|Kemboja}} | minority = {{ubl|{{Flag|Thailand}}|{{Flag|Vietnam}}}} | iso1 = km | iso1comment = Jaku Khmer Tengah | agency = [[Akademi Diraja Kemboja|Akademi Diraja Kemboja, Kunsil Nasional Jaku Khmer]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Council of Khmer Language |url=https://nckl.rac.gov.kh/ |access-date=12 April 2024 |website=nckl.rac.gov.kh}}</ref> | iso2 = khm | iso2comment = Jaku Khmer Tengah | lc1 = khm | ld1 = Khmer | lc2 = kxm | ld2 = [[Dialek Khmer Utara|Khmer Utara]] | lingua = 46-FBA-a | map = Austroasiatic-en.svg | mapcaption = {{legend|#61FFBC|Khmer}} }} '''Jaku Khmer''' ({{Lang|km|ខ្មែរ}}, [[Romanais jaku Khmer|UNGENG]]: Khmêr {{AFA|km|kʰmae|}} ) nya [[Jaku-jaku Austroasiatik|jaku Austroasiatik]] ti dikena asal [[bansa Khmer]] lalu nyadi [[jaku rasmi]] enggau [[jaku nasional]] [[Kemboja]]. Jaku tu mega mayuh dikena bansa Khmer di [[Timur Thailand]] enggau [[Isan]], [[Thailand]], sereta mega di pelilih menua [[Tenggara (Vietnam)|Tenggara]] enggau [[Luba Mekong|Mekong]] [[Vietnam]]. Jaku Khmer udah mayuh dipengaruhka [[jaku Sanskrit]] enggau [[Jaku Pali|Pali]] kelebih agi dalam rejista diraja enggau pengarap, nengah pengarap Hindu enggau Buddha,<ref name="cl">{{Cite book |last=Smyth |first=David A |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fRyungEACAAJ |title=Cambodian Linguistics, Literature and History: Collected Articles |last2=Jacob |first2=Judith Margaret |publisher=Routledge |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-728-60218-2}}</ref> ketegal [[jaku Khmer Kelia]] nyadi jaku empayar sejarah [[Chenla]] enggau [[Empayar Khmer|Angkor]]. Majoriti orang ke bejaku Khmer bejaku ''Jaku Khmer Tengah'', dialek tanah rata tengah ke alai orang Khmer pemadu mayuh. Dalam kandang menua Kemboja, aksen pelilih menua bisi ba kandang endur ke jauh tang tu dianggap nyadi bansa jaku Khmer Tengah. Dua iti penyeliah iya nya jaku indu nengeri, [[Phnom Penh]], enggau jaku [[Dialek Khmer Khe|Khmer Khe]] di [[provinsi Stung Treng]], kedua-dua jaku nya chukup bebida ari jaku Khmer Tengah ngambika dianggap dialek Khmer kediri. == Bacha ke silik agi == {{refbegin}} * Ferlus, Michel. (1992). ''Essai de phonétique historique du khmer'' (Du milieu du premier millénaire de notre ère à l'époque actuelle)", ''[[Mon-Khmer Studies]]'' XXI: 57–89) * Headley, Robert and others. (1977). ''Cambodian-English Dictionary''. Washington, Catholic University Press. {{ISBN|0-8132-0509-3}} * Herington, Jennifer and Amy Ryan. (2013). [http://li.payap.ac.th/images/stories/survey/khmer_khes_report.pdf Sociolinguistic Survey of the Khmer Khe in Cambodia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310154051/https://li.payap.ac.th/images/stories/survey/khmer_khes_report.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://li.payap.ac.th/images/stories/survey/khmer_khes_report.pdf|archive-date=2022-10-09|url-status=live|date=2021-03-10}}. Chiang Mai: Linguistics Institute, Payap University. * Huffman, F. E., Promchan, C., & Lambert, C.-R. T. (1970). ''Modern spoken Cambodian''. New Haven: Yale University Press. {{ISBN|0-300-01315-9}} * Huffman, F. E., Lambert, C.-R. T., & Im Proum. (1970). ''Cambodian system of writing and beginning reader with drills and glossary''. Yale linguistic series. New Haven: Yale University Press. {{ISBN|0-300-01199-7}} * Jacob, Judith. (1966). 'Some features of Khmer versification', in C. E. Bazell, J. C. Catford, M. A. K. Halliday, and R. H. Robins, eds., In Memory of J. R Firth, 227–41. London: Longman. [Includes discussion of the two series of syllables and their places in Khmer shymes] * Jacob, Judith. (1974). ''A Concise Cambodian-English Dictionary''. London, Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-713574-9}} * Jacob, J. M. (1996). ''The traditional literature of Cambodia: a preliminary guide''. London oriental series, v. 40. New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-713612-5}} * Jacob, J. M., & [[David A. Smyth|Smyth, D.]] (1993). ''Cambodian linguistics, literature and history: collected articles''. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. {{ISBN|0-7286-0218-0}} * Keesee, A. P. K. (1996). ''An English-spoken Khmer dictionary: with romanised writing system, usage, and idioms, and notes on Khmer speech and grammar''. London: Kegan Paul International. {{ISBN|0-7103-0514-1}} * Meechan, M. (1992). ''Register in Khmer the laryngeal specification of pharyngeal expansion''. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. {{ISBN|0-315-75016-2}} * Sak-Humphry, C. (2002). ''Communicating in Khmer: an interactive intermediate level Khmer course''. Manoa, Hawai'i: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, School of Hawaiian, Asian and Pacific Studies, University of Hawai'i at Manoa. OCLC: 56840636 * [[David A. Smyth|Smyth, D.]] (1995). ''Colloquial Cambodian: a complete language course''. London: Routledge. {{ISBN|0-415-10006-2}} * Stewart, F., & May, S. (2004). ''In the shadow of Angkor: contemporary writing from Cambodia''. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. {{ISBN|0-8248-2849-6}} * Tonkin, D. (1991). ''The Cambodian alphabet: how to write the Khmer language''. Bangkok: Trasvin Publications. {{ISBN|974-88670-2-1}} {{refend}} == Laman web ke bukai == {{Commons category}} * [https://kheng.info/ Kheng.info] —Kamus audio online kena belajarka jaku Khmer, enggau beribu iti rekoding orang ke bejaku asal sereta [http://kheng.info/word_segmentation/ perisian segmentasi teks] . * [http://sealang.net/mk/khmeric.htm Projek SEAlang: Jaku Mon–Khmer.] [http://sealang.net/mk/khmeric.htm Pampang Khmeric .] * [[wiktionary:Appendix:Khmer Swadesh list|Rintai leka jaku Swadesh Khmer]] (ari [[wiktionary:Appendix:Swadesh_lists|lampiran rintai Swadesh]] Wikikamus) * [https://code.google.com/p/khmer-dictionary-tools/ Diksionari enggau Pemeresa Epil] sumber tebuka enggau projek kolaboratif bepelasarka Kamus Khmer Chuon Nath * [https://sbbic.org/2010/07/15/how-to-install-khmer-unicode-on-windows-7/ Cara masang skrip Khmer ba komputer Windows 7 .] * [http://www.sbbic.org/lang/en-us/2010/03/27/how-to-install-khmer-unicode-on-your-windows-xp-computer Chara masang skrip Khmer ba komputer Windows XP] Archived . * ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20101230070221/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=75 Khmer]'' ba [https://web.archive.org/web/20060720065425/http://www.pavelicpapers.com/documents/odpor/index.html projek Bahan Jaku UCLA] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110821053921/http://dict.ant.com.kh/dictionaries/ Diksionari jaku Khmer enggau jaku English dalam talian] * [http://dictionary.tovnah.com/ Kamus Dalam Talian Khmer] Archived {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Jaku ba Vietnam]] [[Kategori:Jaku ba Thailand]] [[Kategori:Jaku ba Kemboja]] ffvgjtcjb7td2fch40nx05s0jf0zuba 19630 19629 2026-08-15T01:50:19Z Song GK 9 19630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kutak info jaku | name = Jaku Khmer | altname = Jaku Kemboja | nativename = {{lang|km|ភាសាខ្មែរ}} / {{lang|km|ខេមរភាសា}}<br />{{transliteration|km|Phéasa Khmêr}} / {{transliteration|km|Khémôrôphéasa}} | image = PhiesaKhmae.svg | imagecaption = {{tlit|km|Phéasa Khmêr}} ('Jaku Khmer') ditulis ngena urup Khmer | pronunciation = {{IPA|km|pʰiəsaː kʰmae|}}<br />{{IPA|km|kʰeːmarapʰiəsaː|}} | states = {{ubl|[[Kemboja]]|[[Thailand]] ([[Timur Thailand|Timur]] enggau [[Isan]])|[[Vietnam]] ([[Luba Mekong]] enggau [[Tenggara (Vietnam)|Tenggara]])}} | ethnicity = [[Bansa Khmer|Khmer]] | speakers = [[Jaku keterubah|L1]]: {{sigfig|19.477730|2}} juta | date = 2019 | ref = <ref name="e28|khm">{{e28|khm}}</ref> | speakers2 = [[Jaku kedua|L2]]: {{sigfig|1.041900|1}} juta (2024)<ref name="e28|khm">{{e28|khm}}</ref><br/>Total: {{sigfig|20.519630|2}} million (2019–2024)<ref name="e28|khm">{{e28|khm}}</ref> | speakers_label = Pejaku | familycolor = Austroasiatik | fam1 = [[Jaku-jaku Austroasiatik|Austroasiatik]] | ancestor = [[Jaku Proto-Khmerik|Proto-Khmeric]] | ancestor2 = [[Jaku Khmer Kelia]] | ancestor3 = [[Jaku Khmer Tengah]] | script = {{ubl|[[Urup Khmer]]|[[Urup Braille Khmer]]}} | nation = {{flag|Kemboja}} | minority = {{ubl|{{Flag|Thailand}}|{{Flag|Vietnam}}}} | iso1 = km | iso1comment = Jaku Khmer Tengah | agency = [[Akademi Diraja Kemboja|Akademi Diraja Kemboja, Kunsil Nasional Jaku Khmer]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Council of Khmer Language |url=https://nckl.rac.gov.kh/ |access-date=12 April 2024 |website=nckl.rac.gov.kh}}</ref> | iso2 = khm | iso2comment = Jaku Khmer Tengah | lc1 = khm | ld1 = Khmer | lc2 = kxm | ld2 = [[Dialek Khmer Utara|Khmer Utara]] | lingua = 46-FBA-a | map = Austroasiatic-en.svg | mapcaption = {{legend|#61FFBC|Khmer}} }} '''Jaku Khmer''' ({{Lang|km|ខ្មែរ}}, [[Romanais jaku Khmer|UNGENG]]: Khmêr {{AFA|km|kʰmae|}} ) nya [[Jaku-jaku Austroasiatik|jaku Austroasiatik]] ti dikena asal [[bansa Khmer]] lalu nyadi [[jaku rasmi]] enggau [[jaku nasional]] [[Kemboja]]. Jaku tu mega mayuh dikena bansa Khmer di [[Timur Thailand]] enggau [[Isan]], [[Thailand]], sereta mega di pelilih menua [[Tenggara (Vietnam)|Tenggara]] enggau [[Luba Mekong|Mekong]] [[Vietnam]]. Jaku Khmer udah mayuh dipengaruhka [[jaku Sanskrit]] enggau [[Jaku Pali|Pali]] kelebih agi dalam rejista diraja enggau pengarap, nengah pengarap Hindu enggau Buddha,<ref name="cl">{{Cite book |last=Smyth |first=David A |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fRyungEACAAJ |title=Cambodian Linguistics, Literature and History: Collected Articles |last2=Jacob |first2=Judith Margaret |publisher=Routledge |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-728-60218-2}}</ref> ketegal [[jaku Khmer Kelia]] nyadi jaku empayar sejarah [[Chenla]] enggau [[Empayar Khmer|Angkor]]. Majoriti orang ke bejaku Khmer bejaku ''Jaku Khmer Tengah'', dialek tanah rata tengah ke alai orang Khmer pemadu mayuh. Dalam kandang menua Kemboja, aksen pelilih menua bisi ba kandang endur ke jauh tang tu dianggap nyadi bansa jaku Khmer Tengah. Dua iti penyeliah iya nya jaku indu nengeri, [[Phnom Penh]], enggau jaku [[Dialek Khmer Khe|Khmer Khe]] di [[provinsi Stung Treng]], kedua-dua jaku nya chukup bebida ari jaku Khmer Tengah ngambika dianggap dialek Khmer kediri. == Kereban sanding == {{reflist}} == Bacha ke silik agi == {{refbegin}} * Ferlus, Michel. (1992). ''Essai de phonétique historique du khmer'' (Du milieu du premier millénaire de notre ère à l'époque actuelle)", ''[[Mon-Khmer Studies]]'' XXI: 57–89) * Headley, Robert and others. (1977). ''Cambodian-English Dictionary''. Washington, Catholic University Press. {{ISBN|0-8132-0509-3}} * Herington, Jennifer and Amy Ryan. (2013). [http://li.payap.ac.th/images/stories/survey/khmer_khes_report.pdf Sociolinguistic Survey of the Khmer Khe in Cambodia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310154051/https://li.payap.ac.th/images/stories/survey/khmer_khes_report.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://li.payap.ac.th/images/stories/survey/khmer_khes_report.pdf|archive-date=2022-10-09|url-status=live|date=2021-03-10}}. Chiang Mai: Linguistics Institute, Payap University. * Huffman, F. E., Promchan, C., & Lambert, C.-R. T. (1970). ''Modern spoken Cambodian''. New Haven: Yale University Press. {{ISBN|0-300-01315-9}} * Huffman, F. E., Lambert, C.-R. T., & Im Proum. (1970). ''Cambodian system of writing and beginning reader with drills and glossary''. Yale linguistic series. New Haven: Yale University Press. {{ISBN|0-300-01199-7}} * Jacob, Judith. (1966). 'Some features of Khmer versification', in C. E. Bazell, J. C. Catford, M. A. K. Halliday, and R. H. Robins, eds., In Memory of J. R Firth, 227–41. London: Longman. [Includes discussion of the two series of syllables and their places in Khmer shymes] * Jacob, Judith. (1974). ''A Concise Cambodian-English Dictionary''. London, Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-713574-9}} * Jacob, J. M. (1996). ''The traditional literature of Cambodia: a preliminary guide''. London oriental series, v. 40. New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-713612-5}} * Jacob, J. M., & [[David A. Smyth|Smyth, D.]] (1993). ''Cambodian linguistics, literature and history: collected articles''. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. {{ISBN|0-7286-0218-0}} * Keesee, A. P. K. (1996). ''An English-spoken Khmer dictionary: with romanised writing system, usage, and idioms, and notes on Khmer speech and grammar''. London: Kegan Paul International. {{ISBN|0-7103-0514-1}} * Meechan, M. (1992). ''Register in Khmer the laryngeal specification of pharyngeal expansion''. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. {{ISBN|0-315-75016-2}} * Sak-Humphry, C. (2002). ''Communicating in Khmer: an interactive intermediate level Khmer course''. Manoa, Hawai'i: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, School of Hawaiian, Asian and Pacific Studies, University of Hawai'i at Manoa. OCLC: 56840636 * [[David A. Smyth|Smyth, D.]] (1995). ''Colloquial Cambodian: a complete language course''. London: Routledge. {{ISBN|0-415-10006-2}} * Stewart, F., & May, S. (2004). ''In the shadow of Angkor: contemporary writing from Cambodia''. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. {{ISBN|0-8248-2849-6}} * Tonkin, D. (1991). ''The Cambodian alphabet: how to write the Khmer language''. Bangkok: Trasvin Publications. {{ISBN|974-88670-2-1}} {{refend}} == Laman web ke bukai == {{Commons category}} * [https://kheng.info/ Kheng.info] —Kamus audio online kena belajarka jaku Khmer, enggau beribu iti rekoding orang ke bejaku asal sereta [http://kheng.info/word_segmentation/ perisian segmentasi teks] . * [http://sealang.net/mk/khmeric.htm Projek SEAlang: Jaku Mon–Khmer.] [http://sealang.net/mk/khmeric.htm Pampang Khmeric .] * [[wiktionary:Appendix:Khmer Swadesh list|Rintai leka jaku Swadesh Khmer]] (ari [[wiktionary:Appendix:Swadesh_lists|lampiran rintai Swadesh]] Wikikamus) * [https://code.google.com/p/khmer-dictionary-tools/ Diksionari enggau Pemeresa Epil] sumber tebuka enggau projek kolaboratif bepelasarka Kamus Khmer Chuon Nath * [https://sbbic.org/2010/07/15/how-to-install-khmer-unicode-on-windows-7/ Cara masang skrip Khmer ba komputer Windows 7 .] * [http://www.sbbic.org/lang/en-us/2010/03/27/how-to-install-khmer-unicode-on-your-windows-xp-computer Chara masang skrip Khmer ba komputer Windows XP] Archived . * ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20101230070221/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=75 Khmer]'' ba [https://web.archive.org/web/20060720065425/http://www.pavelicpapers.com/documents/odpor/index.html projek Bahan Jaku UCLA] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110821053921/http://dict.ant.com.kh/dictionaries/ Diksionari jaku Khmer enggau jaku English dalam talian] * [http://dictionary.tovnah.com/ Kamus Dalam Talian Khmer] Archived {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Jaku ba Vietnam]] [[Kategori:Jaku ba Thailand]] [[Kategori:Jaku ba Kemboja]] 65j8a30qibvzet2md7g781ftkc62gjs 14 6837 19631 2026-08-15T01:51:39Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Kategori AFA jaku}}' 19631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kategori AFA jaku}} 5u4126s2r9h87sat2jmtn0k56objir7