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Yunani Kuno/Sejarah/Peradaban Mikenai
0
5178
114874
59912
2026-04-12T05:05:49Z
CommonsDelinker
656
Replacing Fresco_of_a_Mycenaean_woman,_circa_1300_BC.jpg with [[File:Facsimile_of_a_Minoan_fresco_(Knossos),_Woman_Carrying_an_Ivory_Pyxis,_by_Emile_Gilliéron_père,_1912.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renam
114874
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Berkas:Homeric_greece.png|thumb|right|300px|Lokasi-lokasi yang disebutkan oleh Homeros dalam ''Iliad''.]]
Peradaban Mikenai berlangsung di daratan utama Yunani pada 1600-1100 SM. Nama "Mikenai" diambil dari nama kota kuno Mikenai, yang berhasil ditemukan oleh Heinrich Schliemann, yang memulai penggalian pada 1876. Schliemann juga terkenal atas penggaliannya yang berhasil menemukan kota Troya di Asia Minor, yang sebelumnya hanya dianggap sebagai khayalan. Tulisan yang dibuat pada periode Yunani Klasik, yakni ''Iliad'' dan ''Odysseia'', berlatar pada periode Mikenai ini.
[[Berkas:MaskAgamemnon.png|thumb|left|200px|Topeng emas ini ditemukan di Mikenai oleh Schliemann, dan dinamai "Topeng Agamemnon", dari nama salah seorang raja dalam ''Iliad''.]]
Peradaban Mikenai dimulai dengan kedatangan beberapa suku ke daratan utama Yunani sekitar 2000 SM. Suku-suku ini berastu sebagai satu unit politik sekitar 1600 SM.
Bangsa Mikenai disebut-sebut sebagai penyebab runtuhnya peradaban Minoa di pulau Kreta. Bangsa Minoa memiliki kekuatan maritim yang sepertinya lebih kuat dari Mikenai. Namun sekitar tahun 1600 SM, dipercaya bahwa letusan Gunung Thera di pulau Santorini di dekat Kreta menyebabkan banyak kehancuran pada bangsa Minoa. Akibatnya bangsa Minoa melemah dan diduga pasa saat inilah bangsa Mikenai menyerang dan menaklukan bangsa Minoa sekitar tahun 1400 SM. Bangsa Mikenai pun menggantikan bangsa Minoa menjadi penguasa di daerah tersebut
Pada abad ketujuh atau delapan SM, penyair bernama Homeros menulis ''Iliad'' dan ''Odysseia'' yang berlatar pada peradaban Mikenai. Namun Homeros menulisnya jauh setelah peradaban Mikenai hilang dari bumi Yunani. Karena ada jurang pemisah yang cukup lama itu, karya-karya Homeros kurang bisa dilihat sebagai referensi mengenai peradaban Mikenai. Tulisan Homeros lebih mencerminkan kebudayaan pada masanya. Namun sudah terungkap bahwa banyak lokasi yang disebutkan oleh Homeros benar-benar merupakan lokasi pada peradaban Mikenai, misalnya Troya. Sementara tokoh-tokohnya, seperti Akhilles, Hektor, Priamos, Diomedes, dan Agamemnon, belum diketahui apakah pernah benar-benar ada atau tidak.
Sekitar tahun 1100 SM, suku-suku dari utara yang dikenal sebagai bangsa Doria menginvasi Peloponnesos dan menghancurkan peradaban Mikenai. Yunani pun mengalami Zaman Kegelapan, yang berlangsung selama beberapa abad sebelum bisa kembali pulih. Sistem tulisan, yang pernah dikenal pada peradaban Mikenai, hilang dan dilupakan, sehingga orang Yunani harus menciptakan sistem tulisan yang baru pada abad-abad berikutnya.
[[Berkas:Facsimile of a Minoan fresco (Knossos), Woman Carrying an Ivory Pyxis, by Emile Gilliéron père, 1912.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Lukisan dinding mengenai wanita Mikenai.]]
Seni Mikenai, seperti juga berbagai aspek peradaban mereka, dipengaruhi oleh bangsa Minoa. Seni Mikenai didominasi oleh tembikar, patung, dan lukisan. Bangsa Mikenai memilikki kemampuan yang tinggi dalam hal pembuatan barang-barang dari perunggu, misalnya pedang, perisai, dan baju pelindung.
Dibandingkan Minoa, bangsa Mikenai lebih banyak membangun benteng untuk pertahanan. Dinding benteng mereka biasanya setinggi empat puluh atau lima puluh kaki, dan disusun dari batu-batu besar dengan berat berton-ton, yang disatukan tanpa perekat. Benteng di Tirins dan Mikenai merupakan contoh terbaik dari benteng mereka. Tidak seperti Minoa, bangsa Mikenai tidak membangung banyak altar pemujaan. Bangunan keagamaan mungkin merupakan bagian dari istana benteng, namun tidak secara spesifik disebut seperti itu.
[[Berkas:Gla_se_gate.JPG|thumb|left|Gerbang selatan Gla, di Boiotia.]]
Bangsa Mikenai mempergunakan aksara yang kita sebut Linear B. Aksara ini berhasil dipecahkan pada 1951, dan terbukti merupakan bentuk awal dari bahasa Yunani modern. Dalam Linear B, masing-masing karakter melambangkan suku kata, dan bukan huruf tunggal. Pada Zaman Kegelapan Yunani, sistem tulisan ini menghilang.
{{Yunani Kuno}}
[[Kategori:Yunani Kuno]]
4j6ynzmqzetppcr9tbvkumm0nhvklmv
Yunani Kuno/Seni/Lukisan
0
8323
114875
61611
2026-04-12T05:06:12Z
CommonsDelinker
656
Replacing Fresco_of_a_Mycenaean_woman,_circa_1300_BC.jpg with [[File:Facsimile_of_a_Minoan_fresco_(Knossos),_Woman_Carrying_an_Ivory_Pyxis,_by_Emile_Gilliéron_père,_1912.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renam
114875
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Berkas:Facsimile of a Minoan fresco (Knossos), Woman Carrying an Ivory Pyxis, by Emile Gilliéron père, 1912.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Lukisan dinding yang menggambarkan Perempuan Mykenai]]
Dari sumber-sumber tertutlis, diketahui bahwa orang Yunani mulai melukis sejak Zaman Perunggu hingga penaklukan oleh Romawi dan bahkan terus setelah itu. Akan tetapi, sebagian besar lukisan Yunani kuno telah hilang atau hancur. Yang aneh adalah bahwa pada masa kini ada lebih banyak lukisan dari periode yang lebih lama daripada lukisan dari periode yang lebih baru. Ini karena beberapa lukisan Zaman perunggu terkubur oleh letusan gunung berapi (misalnya di Pompeii) dan yang lainnya terkubur akibat gempa bumi, sehingga lukisan-lukisan itu tidak hancur dan dapat ditemukan kembali. Sedikit dari lukisan dari periode yang lebih baru ditemukan pada dinding makam di bawah tanah, yang membuat lukisan-lukisan ini tidak hancur.
Lukisan-lukisan terawal dibuat oleh kebudayaan Minos di pulau Kreta. Orang-orang Minos menghiasi istana para penguasa mereka dengan lukisan. Lukisan orang Minos tidak digantung di dinding, melainkan langsung dilukis pada dinding. Lukisan jenis ini disebut juga fresko. Peradaban Minos sendiri diperkirakan berlangsung pada 1700 SM hingga 1400 SM. Suatu ketika, bangsa Mykenai menyerang orang-orang Minos. Mereka menghancurkan istana-istana Minos sehingga lukisan-lukisan di sana terkubur oleh reruntuhan istana, namun sejumlah lukisan berhasil selamat.
Lukisan-lukisan lainnya, yang berasal dari masa yang sama, ditemukan di pulau Thera (disebut juga Santorini), yang terletak di tengah-tengah Laut Aigeia di antara pulau Kreta dan Yunani. Kota utama di Thera, yaitu Akrotiri, terkubur akibat letusan gunung berapi. Ada perdebatan mengenai kapan letusan itu terjadi, salah satu perkiraan waktunya adalah sekitar 1600 SM.
Lukisan-lukisan di Akrotiri menunjukkan gambar-gambar bentang alam dan tumbuhan, yang juga banyak dilukis oleh orang Kreta. Mungkin orang Akrotiri mengagumi orang-orang Kreta, yang ketika itu sangat berpengaruh, dan ingin meniru seni di Kreta.
Selain di pulau-pulau di Laut Aigeia, lukisa Yunani kuno juga ditemukan di istana para raja Mykenai di Yunani daratan.
Berikut ini adalah pembagian periode lukisan Yunani kuno:
*[[Yunani Kuno/Seni/Lukisan/Zaman Perunggu|Zaman Perunggu]]
*[[Yunani Kuno/Seni/Lukisan/Zaman Klasik|Zaman Klasik]]
{{Yukun-Seni}}
[[Kategori:Yunani Kuno]]
fpez43opeyywmq1f38q6k00crbpdstg
Soal-Soal Matematika/Himpunan
0
14210
114845
114626
2026-04-11T13:09:43Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* Himpunan selisih */
114845
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Himpunan semesta ==
Himpunan semesta dilambangkan sebagai S.
== Himpunan elemen ==
Himpunan elemen dilambangkan sebagai ∈.
contoh:
# S adalah bilangan asli yang kurang dari 10 serta A adalah bilangan asli ganjil yang kurang dari 10. maka bentuk himpunan elemen sebagai berikut:
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} dan A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} maka S ∈ A.
== Himpunan kosong ==
Himpunan kosong dilambangkan sebagai {} atau ∅.
== Himpunan bagian ==
Himpunan bagian dilambangkan sebagai ⊂ (subset) dan ⊃ (superset).
contoh:
# A = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}, B = {11, 13} dan C = {16, 17} maka B ⊂ A, A ⊃ B serta C ⊄ A.
== Himpunan irisan ==
Himpunan irisan dilambangkan sebagai ∩.
contoh:
# A = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}, B = {11, 12, 15, 16, 17} maka A ∩ B = {11, 12, 15}.
== Himpunan gabungan ==
Himpunan irisan dilambangkan sebagai ∪.
contoh:
# A = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}, B = {11, 12, 15, 16, 17} maka A ∪ B = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17}.
== Himpunan komplemen ==
Himpunan komplemen dilambangkan sebagai ’ atau <sup>c</sup>.
Rumus: A’ = 1-A
contoh:
# A = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}, B = {11, 12, 15} maka B’ = B<sup>c</sup> = {13, 14}.
== Dua selisih Himpunan ==
Dua selisih himpunan dilambangkan sebagai -.
Rumus:
* A-B = A - (A ∩ B)
* B-A = B - (B ∩ A)
contoh:
# A = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}, B = {11, 12, 15, 16, 17} maka A-B = {13, 14}.
== Dua jumlah Himpunan ==
Dua jumlah himpunan dilambangkan sebagai +.
Rumus:
* A+B =
* B+A =
contoh:
# A = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}, B = {11, 12, 15, 16, 17} maka A+B = {13, 14, 16, 17}.
;sifat
# A ∩ B = B ∩ A
# A ∪ B = B ∪ A
# (A ∩ B) ∩ C = A ∩ (B ∩ C)
# (A ∪ B) ∪ C = A ∪ (B ∪ C)
# A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ C) ∪ (B ∩ C)
# A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ C) ∩ (B ∪ C)
# (A’)’ = A
# A ∩ A’ = ∅
# A ∪ A’ = S
# A ∩ S = A
# A ∪ S = S
# A ∩ ∅ = ∅
# A ∪ ∅ = A
# (A ∩ B)’ = A’ ∪ B’
# (A ∪ B)’ = A’ ∩ B’
;Contoh:
* Buatlah notasi matematika sebagai berikut:
** A adalah bilangan riil yang kurang dari 10.
** B adalah bilangan asli yang lebih dari 50.
;Jawaban
** A = {x|x<10, x ∈ R}
** B = {x|x>50, x ∈ N}
* Berapa banyak himpunan anggota beserta contohnya dari A = {a, b, c}?
: n(A) = 3
: Banyaknya himpunan anggota adalah 2<sup>n</sup> = 2<sup>3</sup> = 8
: Contohnya adalah A = {∅, {a}, {b}, {c}, {a,b}, {a,c}, {b,c}, {a,b,c}}
* S = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}, A = {x|11 ≤ x ≤ 15, x ∈ N} dan B = {x|14 ≤ x ≤ 18, x ∈ N}. Tentukan:
** A’
** B’
** A ∩ B
** A ∪ B
** A’ ∩ B’
** A’ ∪ B’
** A’ ∩ B
** A’ ∪ B
;jawaban
* S = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}, A = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15} dan B = {14, 15, 16, 17, 18}
** A’ = {16, 17, 18, 19, 20}
** B’ = {11, 12, 13, 19, 20}
** A ∩ B = {14, 15}
** A ∪ B = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18}
** A’ ∩ B’ = {19, 20}
** A’ ∪ B’ = {11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}
** A’ ∩ B = {16, 17, 18}
** A’ ∪ B = {14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}
;Keterangan
* (A ∩ B)’ = A’ ∪ B’
* (A ∪ B)’ = A’ ∩ B’
* (A ∩ B’)’ = A’ ∪ B
* (A ∪ B’)’ = A’ ∩ B
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
efschw5lwwhn4fjmkp4lf7yeh9q6nui
114846
114845
2026-04-11T13:12:05Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* Himpunan bagian */
114846
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Himpunan semesta ==
Himpunan semesta dilambangkan sebagai S.
== Himpunan elemen ==
Himpunan elemen dilambangkan sebagai ∈.
contoh:
# S adalah bilangan asli yang kurang dari 10 serta A adalah bilangan asli ganjil yang kurang dari 10. maka bentuk himpunan elemen sebagai berikut:
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} dan A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} maka S ∈ A.
== Himpunan kosong ==
Himpunan kosong dilambangkan sebagai {} atau ∅.
== Himpunan bagian ==
Himpunan bagian dilambangkan sebagai ⊂ (subset) dan ⊃ (superset). Rumus jumlah himpunan bagian adalah 2<sup>n</sup>.
contoh:
# A = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}, B = {11, 13} dan C = {16, 17} maka B ⊂ A, A ⊃ B serta C ⊄ A.
== Himpunan irisan ==
Himpunan irisan dilambangkan sebagai ∩.
contoh:
# A = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}, B = {11, 12, 15, 16, 17} maka A ∩ B = {11, 12, 15}.
== Himpunan gabungan ==
Himpunan irisan dilambangkan sebagai ∪.
contoh:
# A = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}, B = {11, 12, 15, 16, 17} maka A ∪ B = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17}.
== Himpunan komplemen ==
Himpunan komplemen dilambangkan sebagai ’ atau <sup>c</sup>.
Rumus: A’ = 1-A
contoh:
# A = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}, B = {11, 12, 15} maka B’ = B<sup>c</sup> = {13, 14}.
== Dua selisih Himpunan ==
Dua selisih himpunan dilambangkan sebagai -.
Rumus:
* A-B = A - (A ∩ B)
* B-A = B - (B ∩ A)
contoh:
# A = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}, B = {11, 12, 15, 16, 17} maka A-B = {13, 14}.
== Dua jumlah Himpunan ==
Dua jumlah himpunan dilambangkan sebagai +.
Rumus:
* A+B =
* B+A =
contoh:
# A = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}, B = {11, 12, 15, 16, 17} maka A+B = {13, 14, 16, 17}.
;sifat
# A ∩ B = B ∩ A
# A ∪ B = B ∪ A
# (A ∩ B) ∩ C = A ∩ (B ∩ C)
# (A ∪ B) ∪ C = A ∪ (B ∪ C)
# A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ C) ∪ (B ∩ C)
# A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ C) ∩ (B ∪ C)
# (A’)’ = A
# A ∩ A’ = ∅
# A ∪ A’ = S
# A ∩ S = A
# A ∪ S = S
# A ∩ ∅ = ∅
# A ∪ ∅ = A
# (A ∩ B)’ = A’ ∪ B’
# (A ∪ B)’ = A’ ∩ B’
;Contoh:
* Buatlah notasi matematika sebagai berikut:
** A adalah bilangan riil yang kurang dari 10.
** B adalah bilangan asli yang lebih dari 50.
;Jawaban
** A = {x|x<10, x ∈ R}
** B = {x|x>50, x ∈ N}
* Berapa banyak himpunan anggota beserta contohnya dari A = {a, b, c}?
: n(A) = 3
: Banyaknya himpunan anggota adalah 2<sup>n</sup> = 2<sup>3</sup> = 8
: Contohnya adalah A = {∅, {a}, {b}, {c}, {a,b}, {a,c}, {b,c}, {a,b,c}}
* S = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}, A = {x|11 ≤ x ≤ 15, x ∈ N} dan B = {x|14 ≤ x ≤ 18, x ∈ N}. Tentukan:
** A’
** B’
** A ∩ B
** A ∪ B
** A’ ∩ B’
** A’ ∪ B’
** A’ ∩ B
** A’ ∪ B
;jawaban
* S = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}, A = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15} dan B = {14, 15, 16, 17, 18}
** A’ = {16, 17, 18, 19, 20}
** B’ = {11, 12, 13, 19, 20}
** A ∩ B = {14, 15}
** A ∪ B = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18}
** A’ ∩ B’ = {19, 20}
** A’ ∪ B’ = {11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}
** A’ ∩ B = {16, 17, 18}
** A’ ∪ B = {14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}
;Keterangan
* (A ∩ B)’ = A’ ∪ B’
* (A ∪ B)’ = A’ ∩ B’
* (A ∩ B’)’ = A’ ∪ B
* (A ∪ B’)’ = A’ ∩ B
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
4h8d7ehy29e07aubpm0cxc4ye4en6y6
Soal-Soal Matematika/Barisan dan deret aritmatika
0
23117
114847
110074
2026-04-11T13:43:30Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* Rumus istimewa */
114847
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Rumus barisan dan deret aritmatika ==
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + (n - 1)b \\
S_n &= \frac{n (2a + (n-1)b}{2} \\
b &= U_n - U_{n-1} \\
U_n &= S_n - S_{n-1} \\
U_t &= \frac{U_1 + U_n}{2} \\
b &= \frac{U_n - U_k}{n - k} \\
\text{nb: n dan k adalah suku ke-n dan suku ke-k.} \\
\end{align}
</math>
keterangan:
: a/U<sub>1</sub>: suku pertama
: n: banyaknya suku ke-n
: b: beda suku
: Ut: suku tengah
: Un: suku ke-n
: Sn: jumlah suku ke-n
; rataan
:<math>R = \frac{a_1+a_2+a_3+ \dots + a_n}{n}</math>
; suku dan beda baru
:<math>n_b = n + (n-1)x</math>
:<math>b_b = \frac{b}{x+1}</math>
; barisan dan deret bertingkat
;cara 1
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + \frac{(n - 1)b}{1!} + \frac{(n - 1)(n-2)c}{2!} + \dots \\
S_n &= \frac{an}{1!} + \frac{n(n-1)b}{2!} + \frac{n(n-1)(n-2)c}{3!} + \dots \\
\end{align}
</math>
;cara 2
*<math>a_n = an^2 + bn + c</math> (tingkat 2)
*<math>a_n = an^3 + bn^2 + cn + d</math> (tingkat 3)
== Rumus istimewa ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Bilangan !! Suku ke n !! Jumlah suku ke n
|-
| Bilangan asli || 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + …. + (n-1) + n || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli persegi panjang || <math>1 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 + 3 \cdot 4 + 4 \cdot 5 + \dots + n(n+1)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{3}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli segitiga || <math>1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + \dots + \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{6}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli balok || <math>1 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 + 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 + 3 \cdot 4 \cdot 5 + 4 \cdot 5 \cdot 6 + \dots + n(n+1)(n+2)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}{4}</math>
|-
| Kuadrat bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 + \dots + (n-1)^2 + n^2</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}</math>
|-
| Kubik bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^3 + 3^3 + 4^3 + \dots + (n-1)^3 + n^3</math> || <math>S_n = (\frac{n(n+1)}{2})^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan ganjil || 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + …. + 2n + (2n-1) || <math>S_n = n^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan genap || 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + … + 2n-2 + 2n || <math>S_n = n(n+1)</math>
|}
* <math>\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{2^3} + \dots + \frac{1}{2^n} = 1-\frac{1}{2^n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) + (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = 1 - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} = (1 + \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4}) - (\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5}) = 1 + \frac{1}{5} = \frac{6}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \dots + \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{n-1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{6 \times 10} + \frac{1}{10 \times 14} + \frac{1}{14 \times 18} + \frac{1}{18 \times 22} = \frac{1}{6 \times (6+4)} + \frac{1}{10 \times (10+4)} + \frac{1}{14 \times (14+4)} + \frac{1}{18 \times (18+4)} = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{6+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{10+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{14+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{18+4}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{10} + \frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{14} + \frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{18} + \frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{33}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+k)} = \frac{1}{k}(\frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+k})</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{6}{1 \times 4 \times 7} + \frac{6}{4 \times 7 \times 10} + \frac{6}{7 \times 10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{6}{94 \times 97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 7} + \frac{1}{4 \times 7} - \frac{1}{7 \times 10} + \frac{1}{7 \times 10} - \frac{1}{10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{1}{94 \times 97} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{9700} = \frac{2425-1}{9700} = \frac{2424}{9700} = \frac{606}{2425}</math>
* <math>\frac{c-a}{a \times b \times c} = \frac{1}{a \times b} - \frac{1}{b \times c}</math> (a, b dan c adalah bilangan yang berurutan dengan selisih tetap pada tingkat pertama)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) - (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = \frac{1}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{1}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \dots - \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} = \sqrt{5} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{6}} = \sqrt{6} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \dots + \frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1} + \sqrt{n}} = \sqrt{n} - 1</math>
* 1 + 11 + 111 = 123 x 1 = 123
* 2 + 22 + 222 = 123 x 2 = 246
* 3 + 33 + 333 = 123 x 3 = 369
* 1 + 11 + 111 + 1111 = 1234 x 1 = 1234
* 2 + 22 + 222 + 2222 = 1234 x 2 = 2468
* 3 + 33 + 333 + 3333 = 1234 x 3 = 3702
* <math>\frac{1}{4} + \frac{11}{44} + \frac{111}{444} = \frac{1}{4} \times 3 = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{3} + \frac{11}{33} + \frac{111}{333} + \dots + \frac{111.111}{333.333} = \frac{1}{3} \times 6 = 2</math>
; contoh soal
# Kursi pada gedung bioskop memiliki 10 baris, yang kapasitasnya membentuk barisan aritmatika. baris terdepan 15 kursi dan terbelakang 33 kursi maka berapa kapasitas kursi pada bioskop tersebut?
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{align}
n &= 10 \\
a &= 15 \\
U_n &= U_{10} = 33 \\
b &= \frac{33-15}{10-1} \\
&= \frac{18}{9} \\
&= 2 \\
S_{10} &= \frac{n}{2}(a+U_n) \\
&= \frac{10}{2}(15+33) \\
&= 5(48) \\
&= 240 \\
\text{jadi kapasitas kursi pada bioskop adalah 240 kursi } \\
\end{align}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
7bpcgm60e93golub5iu20g2rbdvd0jc
114848
114847
2026-04-11T13:44:33Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* Rumus istimewa */
114848
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Rumus barisan dan deret aritmatika ==
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + (n - 1)b \\
S_n &= \frac{n (2a + (n-1)b}{2} \\
b &= U_n - U_{n-1} \\
U_n &= S_n - S_{n-1} \\
U_t &= \frac{U_1 + U_n}{2} \\
b &= \frac{U_n - U_k}{n - k} \\
\text{nb: n dan k adalah suku ke-n dan suku ke-k.} \\
\end{align}
</math>
keterangan:
: a/U<sub>1</sub>: suku pertama
: n: banyaknya suku ke-n
: b: beda suku
: Ut: suku tengah
: Un: suku ke-n
: Sn: jumlah suku ke-n
; rataan
:<math>R = \frac{a_1+a_2+a_3+ \dots + a_n}{n}</math>
; suku dan beda baru
:<math>n_b = n + (n-1)x</math>
:<math>b_b = \frac{b}{x+1}</math>
; barisan dan deret bertingkat
;cara 1
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + \frac{(n - 1)b}{1!} + \frac{(n - 1)(n-2)c}{2!} + \dots \\
S_n &= \frac{an}{1!} + \frac{n(n-1)b}{2!} + \frac{n(n-1)(n-2)c}{3!} + \dots \\
\end{align}
</math>
;cara 2
*<math>a_n = an^2 + bn + c</math> (tingkat 2)
*<math>a_n = an^3 + bn^2 + cn + d</math> (tingkat 3)
== Rumus istimewa ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Bilangan !! Suku ke n !! Jumlah suku ke n
|-
| Bilangan asli || 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + …. + (n-1) + n || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli persegi panjang || <math>1 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 + 3 \cdot 4 + 4 \cdot 5 + \dots + n(n+1)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{3}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli segitiga || <math>1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + \dots + \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{6}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli balok || <math>1 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 + 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 + 3 \cdot 4 \cdot 5 + 4 \cdot 5 \cdot 6 + \dots + n(n+1)(n+2)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}{4}</math>
|-
| Kuadrat bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 + \dots + (n-1)^2 + n^2</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}</math>
|-
| Kubik bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^3 + 3^3 + 4^3 + \dots + (n-1)^3 + n^3</math> || <math>S_n = (\frac{n(n+1)}{2})^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan ganjil || 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + …. + 2n + (2n-1) || <math>S_n = n^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan genap || 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + … + 2n-2 + 2n || <math>S_n = n(n+1)</math>
|}
* <math>\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{2^3} + \dots + \frac{1}{2^n} = 1-\frac{1}{2^n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) + (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = 1 - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} = (1 + \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4}) - (\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5}) = 1 - \frac{1}{5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \dots + \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{n-1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{6 \times 10} + \frac{1}{10 \times 14} + \frac{1}{14 \times 18} + \frac{1}{18 \times 22} = \frac{1}{6 \times (6+4)} + \frac{1}{10 \times (10+4)} + \frac{1}{14 \times (14+4)} + \frac{1}{18 \times (18+4)} = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{6+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{10+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{14+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{18+4}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{10} + \frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{14} + \frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{18} + \frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{33}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+k)} = \frac{1}{k}(\frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+k})</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{6}{1 \times 4 \times 7} + \frac{6}{4 \times 7 \times 10} + \frac{6}{7 \times 10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{6}{94 \times 97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 7} + \frac{1}{4 \times 7} - \frac{1}{7 \times 10} + \frac{1}{7 \times 10} - \frac{1}{10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{1}{94 \times 97} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{9700} = \frac{2425-1}{9700} = \frac{2424}{9700} = \frac{606}{2425}</math>
* <math>\frac{c-a}{a \times b \times c} = \frac{1}{a \times b} - \frac{1}{b \times c}</math> (a, b dan c adalah bilangan yang berurutan dengan selisih tetap pada tingkat pertama)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) - (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = \frac{1}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{1}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \dots - \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} = \sqrt{5} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{6}} = \sqrt{6} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \dots + \frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1} + \sqrt{n}} = \sqrt{n} - 1</math>
* 1 + 11 + 111 = 123 x 1 = 123
* 2 + 22 + 222 = 123 x 2 = 246
* 3 + 33 + 333 = 123 x 3 = 369
* 1 + 11 + 111 + 1111 = 1234 x 1 = 1234
* 2 + 22 + 222 + 2222 = 1234 x 2 = 2468
* 3 + 33 + 333 + 3333 = 1234 x 3 = 3702
* <math>\frac{1}{4} + \frac{11}{44} + \frac{111}{444} = \frac{1}{4} \times 3 = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{3} + \frac{11}{33} + \frac{111}{333} + \dots + \frac{111.111}{333.333} = \frac{1}{3} \times 6 = 2</math>
; contoh soal
# Kursi pada gedung bioskop memiliki 10 baris, yang kapasitasnya membentuk barisan aritmatika. baris terdepan 15 kursi dan terbelakang 33 kursi maka berapa kapasitas kursi pada bioskop tersebut?
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{align}
n &= 10 \\
a &= 15 \\
U_n &= U_{10} = 33 \\
b &= \frac{33-15}{10-1} \\
&= \frac{18}{9} \\
&= 2 \\
S_{10} &= \frac{n}{2}(a+U_n) \\
&= \frac{10}{2}(15+33) \\
&= 5(48) \\
&= 240 \\
\text{jadi kapasitas kursi pada bioskop adalah 240 kursi } \\
\end{align}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
hfwqcuyrl1p631f4a2otpvcseaprp51
114849
114848
2026-04-11T13:53:05Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* Rumus istimewa */
114849
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Rumus barisan dan deret aritmatika ==
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + (n - 1)b \\
S_n &= \frac{n (2a + (n-1)b}{2} \\
b &= U_n - U_{n-1} \\
U_n &= S_n - S_{n-1} \\
U_t &= \frac{U_1 + U_n}{2} \\
b &= \frac{U_n - U_k}{n - k} \\
\text{nb: n dan k adalah suku ke-n dan suku ke-k.} \\
\end{align}
</math>
keterangan:
: a/U<sub>1</sub>: suku pertama
: n: banyaknya suku ke-n
: b: beda suku
: Ut: suku tengah
: Un: suku ke-n
: Sn: jumlah suku ke-n
; rataan
:<math>R = \frac{a_1+a_2+a_3+ \dots + a_n}{n}</math>
; suku dan beda baru
:<math>n_b = n + (n-1)x</math>
:<math>b_b = \frac{b}{x+1}</math>
; barisan dan deret bertingkat
;cara 1
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + \frac{(n - 1)b}{1!} + \frac{(n - 1)(n-2)c}{2!} + \dots \\
S_n &= \frac{an}{1!} + \frac{n(n-1)b}{2!} + \frac{n(n-1)(n-2)c}{3!} + \dots \\
\end{align}
</math>
;cara 2
*<math>a_n = an^2 + bn + c</math> (tingkat 2)
*<math>a_n = an^3 + bn^2 + cn + d</math> (tingkat 3)
== Rumus istimewa ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Bilangan !! Suku ke n !! Jumlah suku ke n
|-
| Bilangan asli || 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + …. + (n-1) + n || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli persegi panjang || <math>1 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 + 3 \cdot 4 + 4 \cdot 5 + \dots + n(n+1)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{3}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli segitiga || <math>1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + \dots + \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{6}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli balok || <math>1 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 + 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 + 3 \cdot 4 \cdot 5 + 4 \cdot 5 \cdot 6 + \dots + n(n+1)(n+2)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}{4}</math>
|-
| Kuadrat bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 + \dots + (n-1)^2 + n^2</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}</math>
|-
| Kubik bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^3 + 3^3 + 4^3 + \dots + (n-1)^3 + n^3</math> || <math>S_n = (\frac{n(n+1)}{2})^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan ganjil || 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + …. + 2n + (2n-1) || <math>S_n = n^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan genap || 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + … + 2n-2 + 2n || <math>S_n = n(n+1)</math>
|}
* <math>\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{2^3} + \dots + \frac{1}{2^n} = 1-\frac{1}{2^n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) + (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = 1 - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} = (1 + \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4}) - (\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5}) = 1 - \frac{1}{5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} + \frac{6+5}{5 \times 6} = \frac{7}{6}</math>
* <math>\frac{(n+1)+n}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} + \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \dots + \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{n-1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{6 \times 10} + \frac{1}{10 \times 14} + \frac{1}{14 \times 18} + \frac{1}{18 \times 22} = \frac{1}{6 \times (6+4)} + \frac{1}{10 \times (10+4)} + \frac{1}{14 \times (14+4)} + \frac{1}{18 \times (18+4)} = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{6+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{10+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{14+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{18+4}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{10} + \frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{14} + \frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{18} + \frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{33}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+k)} = \frac{1}{k}(\frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+k})</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{6}{1 \times 4 \times 7} + \frac{6}{4 \times 7 \times 10} + \frac{6}{7 \times 10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{6}{94 \times 97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 7} + \frac{1}{4 \times 7} - \frac{1}{7 \times 10} + \frac{1}{7 \times 10} - \frac{1}{10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{1}{94 \times 97} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{9700} = \frac{2425-1}{9700} = \frac{2424}{9700} = \frac{606}{2425}</math>
* <math>\frac{c-a}{a \times b \times c} = \frac{1}{a \times b} - \frac{1}{b \times c}</math> (a, b dan c adalah bilangan yang berurutan dengan selisih tetap pada tingkat pertama)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) - (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = \frac{1}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{1}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \dots - \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} = \sqrt{5} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{6}} = \sqrt{6} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \dots + \frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1} + \sqrt{n}} = \sqrt{n} - 1</math>
* 1 + 11 + 111 = 123 x 1 = 123
* 2 + 22 + 222 = 123 x 2 = 246
* 3 + 33 + 333 = 123 x 3 = 369
* 1 + 11 + 111 + 1111 = 1234 x 1 = 1234
* 2 + 22 + 222 + 2222 = 1234 x 2 = 2468
* 3 + 33 + 333 + 3333 = 1234 x 3 = 3702
* <math>\frac{1}{4} + \frac{11}{44} + \frac{111}{444} = \frac{1}{4} \times 3 = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{3} + \frac{11}{33} + \frac{111}{333} + \dots + \frac{111.111}{333.333} = \frac{1}{3} \times 6 = 2</math>
; contoh soal
# Kursi pada gedung bioskop memiliki 10 baris, yang kapasitasnya membentuk barisan aritmatika. baris terdepan 15 kursi dan terbelakang 33 kursi maka berapa kapasitas kursi pada bioskop tersebut?
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{align}
n &= 10 \\
a &= 15 \\
U_n &= U_{10} = 33 \\
b &= \frac{33-15}{10-1} \\
&= \frac{18}{9} \\
&= 2 \\
S_{10} &= \frac{n}{2}(a+U_n) \\
&= \frac{10}{2}(15+33) \\
&= 5(48) \\
&= 240 \\
\text{jadi kapasitas kursi pada bioskop adalah 240 kursi } \\
\end{align}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
33j70ddoqil7u791sztss640350djsg
114852
114849
2026-04-11T14:13:12Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* Rumus istimewa */
114852
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Rumus barisan dan deret aritmatika ==
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + (n - 1)b \\
S_n &= \frac{n (2a + (n-1)b}{2} \\
b &= U_n - U_{n-1} \\
U_n &= S_n - S_{n-1} \\
U_t &= \frac{U_1 + U_n}{2} \\
b &= \frac{U_n - U_k}{n - k} \\
\text{nb: n dan k adalah suku ke-n dan suku ke-k.} \\
\end{align}
</math>
keterangan:
: a/U<sub>1</sub>: suku pertama
: n: banyaknya suku ke-n
: b: beda suku
: Ut: suku tengah
: Un: suku ke-n
: Sn: jumlah suku ke-n
; rataan
:<math>R = \frac{a_1+a_2+a_3+ \dots + a_n}{n}</math>
; suku dan beda baru
:<math>n_b = n + (n-1)x</math>
:<math>b_b = \frac{b}{x+1}</math>
; barisan dan deret bertingkat
;cara 1
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + \frac{(n - 1)b}{1!} + \frac{(n - 1)(n-2)c}{2!} + \dots \\
S_n &= \frac{an}{1!} + \frac{n(n-1)b}{2!} + \frac{n(n-1)(n-2)c}{3!} + \dots \\
\end{align}
</math>
;cara 2
*<math>a_n = an^2 + bn + c</math> (tingkat 2)
*<math>a_n = an^3 + bn^2 + cn + d</math> (tingkat 3)
== Rumus istimewa ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Bilangan !! Suku ke n !! Jumlah suku ke n
|-
| Bilangan asli || 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + …. + (n-1) + n || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli persegi panjang || <math>1 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 + 3 \cdot 4 + 4 \cdot 5 + \dots + n(n+1)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{3}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli segitiga || <math>1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + \dots + \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{6}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli balok || <math>1 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 + 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 + 3 \cdot 4 \cdot 5 + 4 \cdot 5 \cdot 6 + \dots + n(n+1)(n+2)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}{4}</math>
|-
| Kuadrat bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 + \dots + (n-1)^2 + n^2</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}</math>
|-
| Kubik bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^3 + 3^3 + 4^3 + \dots + (n-1)^3 + n^3</math> || <math>S_n = (\frac{n(n+1)}{2})^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan ganjil || 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + …. + 2n + (2n-1) || <math>S_n = n^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan genap || 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + … + 2n-2 + 2n || <math>S_n = n(n+1)</math>
|}
* <math>\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{2^3} + \dots + \frac{1}{2^n} = 1-\frac{1}{2^n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) + (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = 1 - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \dots + \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{n-1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} = (1 + \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4}) - (\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5}) = 1 - \frac{1}{5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} + \frac{6+5}{5 \times 6} = \frac{7}{6}</math>
* <math>\frac{(n+1)+n}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} + \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>1 + \frac{1}{1+2} + \frac{1}{1+2+3} + \frac{1}{1+2+3+4} + \dots + \frac{1}{1+2+3+4+ \dots } = 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{10} + \dots + \frac{1}{10+ \dots } = \frac{2}{2} + \frac{2}{6} + \frac{2}{12} + \frac{2}{20} + \dots + \frac{2}{n \dots (n+1)}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{6 \times 10} + \frac{1}{10 \times 14} + \frac{1}{14 \times 18} + \frac{1}{18 \times 22} = \frac{1}{6 \times (6+4)} + \frac{1}{10 \times (10+4)} + \frac{1}{14 \times (14+4)} + \frac{1}{18 \times (18+4)} = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{6+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{10+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{14+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{18+4}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{10} + \frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{14} + \frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{18} + \frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{33}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+k)} = \frac{1}{k}(\frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+k})</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{6}{1 \times 4 \times 7} + \frac{6}{4 \times 7 \times 10} + \frac{6}{7 \times 10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{6}{94 \times 97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 7} + \frac{1}{4 \times 7} - \frac{1}{7 \times 10} + \frac{1}{7 \times 10} - \frac{1}{10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{1}{94 \times 97} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{9700} = \frac{2425-1}{9700} = \frac{2424}{9700} = \frac{606}{2425}</math>
* <math>\frac{c-a}{a \times b \times c} = \frac{1}{a \times b} - \frac{1}{b \times c}</math> (a, b dan c adalah bilangan yang berurutan dengan selisih tetap pada tingkat pertama)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) - (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = \frac{1}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{1}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \dots - \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} = \sqrt{5} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{6}} = \sqrt{6} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \dots + \frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1} + \sqrt{n}} = \sqrt{n} - 1</math>
* 1 + 11 + 111 = 123 x 1 = 123
* 2 + 22 + 222 = 123 x 2 = 246
* 3 + 33 + 333 = 123 x 3 = 369
* 1 + 11 + 111 + 1111 = 1234 x 1 = 1234
* 2 + 22 + 222 + 2222 = 1234 x 2 = 2468
* 3 + 33 + 333 + 3333 = 1234 x 3 = 3702
* <math>\frac{1}{4} + \frac{11}{44} + \frac{111}{444} = \frac{1}{4} \times 3 = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{3} + \frac{11}{33} + \frac{111}{333} + \dots + \frac{111.111}{333.333} = \frac{1}{3} \times 6 = 2</math>
; contoh soal
# Kursi pada gedung bioskop memiliki 10 baris, yang kapasitasnya membentuk barisan aritmatika. baris terdepan 15 kursi dan terbelakang 33 kursi maka berapa kapasitas kursi pada bioskop tersebut?
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{align}
n &= 10 \\
a &= 15 \\
U_n &= U_{10} = 33 \\
b &= \frac{33-15}{10-1} \\
&= \frac{18}{9} \\
&= 2 \\
S_{10} &= \frac{n}{2}(a+U_n) \\
&= \frac{10}{2}(15+33) \\
&= 5(48) \\
&= 240 \\
\text{jadi kapasitas kursi pada bioskop adalah 240 kursi } \\
\end{align}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
ev4k3adnz5rtob4nqm0l1lcu2m5ifob
114853
114852
2026-04-11T14:14:20Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* Rumus istimewa */
114853
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Rumus barisan dan deret aritmatika ==
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + (n - 1)b \\
S_n &= \frac{n (2a + (n-1)b}{2} \\
b &= U_n - U_{n-1} \\
U_n &= S_n - S_{n-1} \\
U_t &= \frac{U_1 + U_n}{2} \\
b &= \frac{U_n - U_k}{n - k} \\
\text{nb: n dan k adalah suku ke-n dan suku ke-k.} \\
\end{align}
</math>
keterangan:
: a/U<sub>1</sub>: suku pertama
: n: banyaknya suku ke-n
: b: beda suku
: Ut: suku tengah
: Un: suku ke-n
: Sn: jumlah suku ke-n
; rataan
:<math>R = \frac{a_1+a_2+a_3+ \dots + a_n}{n}</math>
; suku dan beda baru
:<math>n_b = n + (n-1)x</math>
:<math>b_b = \frac{b}{x+1}</math>
; barisan dan deret bertingkat
;cara 1
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + \frac{(n - 1)b}{1!} + \frac{(n - 1)(n-2)c}{2!} + \dots \\
S_n &= \frac{an}{1!} + \frac{n(n-1)b}{2!} + \frac{n(n-1)(n-2)c}{3!} + \dots \\
\end{align}
</math>
;cara 2
*<math>a_n = an^2 + bn + c</math> (tingkat 2)
*<math>a_n = an^3 + bn^2 + cn + d</math> (tingkat 3)
== Rumus istimewa ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Bilangan !! Suku ke n !! Jumlah suku ke n
|-
| Bilangan asli || 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + …. + (n-1) + n || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli persegi panjang || <math>1 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 + 3 \cdot 4 + 4 \cdot 5 + \dots + n(n+1)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{3}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli segitiga || <math>1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + \dots + \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{6}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli balok || <math>1 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 + 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 + 3 \cdot 4 \cdot 5 + 4 \cdot 5 \cdot 6 + \dots + n(n+1)(n+2)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}{4}</math>
|-
| Kuadrat bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 + \dots + (n-1)^2 + n^2</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}</math>
|-
| Kubik bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^3 + 3^3 + 4^3 + \dots + (n-1)^3 + n^3</math> || <math>S_n = (\frac{n(n+1)}{2})^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan ganjil || 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + …. + 2n + (2n-1) || <math>S_n = n^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan genap || 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + … + 2n-2 + 2n || <math>S_n = n(n+1)</math>
|}
* <math>\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{2^3} + \dots + \frac{1}{2^n} = 1-\frac{1}{2^n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) + (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = 1 - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \dots + \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{n-1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} = (1 + \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4}) - (\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5}) = 1 - \frac{1}{5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} + \frac{6+5}{5 \times 6} = \frac{7}{6}</math>
* <math>\frac{(n+1)+n}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} + \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>1 + \frac{1}{1+2} + \frac{1}{1+2+3} + \frac{1}{1+2+3+4} + \dots + \frac{1}{1+2+3+4+ \dots } = 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{10} + \dots + \frac{1}{10+ \dots } = \frac{2}{2} + \frac{2}{6} + \frac{2}{12} + \frac{2}{20} + \dots + \frac{2}{n \dot (n+1)}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{6 \times 10} + \frac{1}{10 \times 14} + \frac{1}{14 \times 18} + \frac{1}{18 \times 22} = \frac{1}{6 \times (6+4)} + \frac{1}{10 \times (10+4)} + \frac{1}{14 \times (14+4)} + \frac{1}{18 \times (18+4)} = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{6+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{10+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{14+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{18+4}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{10} + \frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{14} + \frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{18} + \frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{33}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+k)} = \frac{1}{k}(\frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+k})</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{6}{1 \times 4 \times 7} + \frac{6}{4 \times 7 \times 10} + \frac{6}{7 \times 10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{6}{94 \times 97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 7} + \frac{1}{4 \times 7} - \frac{1}{7 \times 10} + \frac{1}{7 \times 10} - \frac{1}{10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{1}{94 \times 97} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{9700} = \frac{2425-1}{9700} = \frac{2424}{9700} = \frac{606}{2425}</math>
* <math>\frac{c-a}{a \times b \times c} = \frac{1}{a \times b} - \frac{1}{b \times c}</math> (a, b dan c adalah bilangan yang berurutan dengan selisih tetap pada tingkat pertama)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) - (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = \frac{1}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{1}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \dots - \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} = \sqrt{5} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{6}} = \sqrt{6} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \dots + \frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1} + \sqrt{n}} = \sqrt{n} - 1</math>
* 1 + 11 + 111 = 123 x 1 = 123
* 2 + 22 + 222 = 123 x 2 = 246
* 3 + 33 + 333 = 123 x 3 = 369
* 1 + 11 + 111 + 1111 = 1234 x 1 = 1234
* 2 + 22 + 222 + 2222 = 1234 x 2 = 2468
* 3 + 33 + 333 + 3333 = 1234 x 3 = 3702
* <math>\frac{1}{4} + \frac{11}{44} + \frac{111}{444} = \frac{1}{4} \times 3 = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{3} + \frac{11}{33} + \frac{111}{333} + \dots + \frac{111.111}{333.333} = \frac{1}{3} \times 6 = 2</math>
; contoh soal
# Kursi pada gedung bioskop memiliki 10 baris, yang kapasitasnya membentuk barisan aritmatika. baris terdepan 15 kursi dan terbelakang 33 kursi maka berapa kapasitas kursi pada bioskop tersebut?
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{align}
n &= 10 \\
a &= 15 \\
U_n &= U_{10} = 33 \\
b &= \frac{33-15}{10-1} \\
&= \frac{18}{9} \\
&= 2 \\
S_{10} &= \frac{n}{2}(a+U_n) \\
&= \frac{10}{2}(15+33) \\
&= 5(48) \\
&= 240 \\
\text{jadi kapasitas kursi pada bioskop adalah 240 kursi } \\
\end{align}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
knfmz0cvdyt7fs7v9nllgz19x3byvqx
114854
114853
2026-04-11T14:18:02Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* Rumus istimewa */
114854
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Rumus barisan dan deret aritmatika ==
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + (n - 1)b \\
S_n &= \frac{n (2a + (n-1)b}{2} \\
b &= U_n - U_{n-1} \\
U_n &= S_n - S_{n-1} \\
U_t &= \frac{U_1 + U_n}{2} \\
b &= \frac{U_n - U_k}{n - k} \\
\text{nb: n dan k adalah suku ke-n dan suku ke-k.} \\
\end{align}
</math>
keterangan:
: a/U<sub>1</sub>: suku pertama
: n: banyaknya suku ke-n
: b: beda suku
: Ut: suku tengah
: Un: suku ke-n
: Sn: jumlah suku ke-n
; rataan
:<math>R = \frac{a_1+a_2+a_3+ \dots + a_n}{n}</math>
; suku dan beda baru
:<math>n_b = n + (n-1)x</math>
:<math>b_b = \frac{b}{x+1}</math>
; barisan dan deret bertingkat
;cara 1
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + \frac{(n - 1)b}{1!} + \frac{(n - 1)(n-2)c}{2!} + \dots \\
S_n &= \frac{an}{1!} + \frac{n(n-1)b}{2!} + \frac{n(n-1)(n-2)c}{3!} + \dots \\
\end{align}
</math>
;cara 2
*<math>a_n = an^2 + bn + c</math> (tingkat 2)
*<math>a_n = an^3 + bn^2 + cn + d</math> (tingkat 3)
== Rumus istimewa ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Bilangan !! Suku ke n !! Jumlah suku ke n
|-
| Bilangan asli || 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + …. + (n-1) + n || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli persegi panjang || <math>1 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 + 3 \cdot 4 + 4 \cdot 5 + \dots + n(n+1)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{3}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli segitiga || <math>1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + \dots + \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{6}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli balok || <math>1 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 + 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 + 3 \cdot 4 \cdot 5 + 4 \cdot 5 \cdot 6 + \dots + n(n+1)(n+2)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}{4}</math>
|-
| Kuadrat bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 + \dots + (n-1)^2 + n^2</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}</math>
|-
| Kubik bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^3 + 3^3 + 4^3 + \dots + (n-1)^3 + n^3</math> || <math>S_n = (\frac{n(n+1)}{2})^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan ganjil || 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + …. + 2n + (2n-1) || <math>S_n = n^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan genap || 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + … + 2n-2 + 2n || <math>S_n = n(n+1)</math>
|}
* <math>\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{2^3} + \dots + \frac{1}{2^n} = 1-\frac{1}{2^n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) + (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = 1 - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \dots + \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{n-1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} = (1 + \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4}) - (\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5}) = 1 - \frac{1}{5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} + \frac{6+5}{5 \times 6} = \frac{7}{6}</math>
* <math>\frac{(n+1)+n}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} + \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>1 + \frac{1}{1+2} + \frac{1}{1+2+3} + \frac{1}{1+2+3+4} + \dots + \frac{1}{1+2+3+4+ \dots } = 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{10} + \dots + \frac{1}{10+ \dots } = \frac{2}{2} + \frac{2}{6} + \frac{2}{12} + \frac{2}{20} + \dots + \frac{2}{n \cdot (n+1)} = \frac{2}{1 \cdot 2} + \frac{2}{2 \cdot 3} + \frac{2}{3 \cdot 4} + \frac{2}{4 \cdot 5} + \dots + \frac{2}{n \cdot (n+1)} = 2(\frac{1}{1 \cdot 2} + \frac{1}{2 \cdot 3} + \frac{1}{3 \cdot 4} + \frac{1}{4 \cdot 5} + \dots + \frac{1}{n \cdot (n+1)}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{6 \times 10} + \frac{1}{10 \times 14} + \frac{1}{14 \times 18} + \frac{1}{18 \times 22} = \frac{1}{6 \times (6+4)} + \frac{1}{10 \times (10+4)} + \frac{1}{14 \times (14+4)} + \frac{1}{18 \times (18+4)} = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{6+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{10+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{14+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{18+4}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{10} + \frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{14} + \frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{18} + \frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{33}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+k)} = \frac{1}{k}(\frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+k})</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{6}{1 \times 4 \times 7} + \frac{6}{4 \times 7 \times 10} + \frac{6}{7 \times 10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{6}{94 \times 97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 7} + \frac{1}{4 \times 7} - \frac{1}{7 \times 10} + \frac{1}{7 \times 10} - \frac{1}{10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{1}{94 \times 97} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{9700} = \frac{2425-1}{9700} = \frac{2424}{9700} = \frac{606}{2425}</math>
* <math>\frac{c-a}{a \times b \times c} = \frac{1}{a \times b} - \frac{1}{b \times c}</math> (a, b dan c adalah bilangan yang berurutan dengan selisih tetap pada tingkat pertama)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) - (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = \frac{1}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{1}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \dots - \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} = \sqrt{5} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{6}} = \sqrt{6} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \dots + \frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1} + \sqrt{n}} = \sqrt{n} - 1</math>
* 1 + 11 + 111 = 123 x 1 = 123
* 2 + 22 + 222 = 123 x 2 = 246
* 3 + 33 + 333 = 123 x 3 = 369
* 1 + 11 + 111 + 1111 = 1234 x 1 = 1234
* 2 + 22 + 222 + 2222 = 1234 x 2 = 2468
* 3 + 33 + 333 + 3333 = 1234 x 3 = 3702
* <math>\frac{1}{4} + \frac{11}{44} + \frac{111}{444} = \frac{1}{4} \times 3 = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{3} + \frac{11}{33} + \frac{111}{333} + \dots + \frac{111.111}{333.333} = \frac{1}{3} \times 6 = 2</math>
; contoh soal
# Kursi pada gedung bioskop memiliki 10 baris, yang kapasitasnya membentuk barisan aritmatika. baris terdepan 15 kursi dan terbelakang 33 kursi maka berapa kapasitas kursi pada bioskop tersebut?
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{align}
n &= 10 \\
a &= 15 \\
U_n &= U_{10} = 33 \\
b &= \frac{33-15}{10-1} \\
&= \frac{18}{9} \\
&= 2 \\
S_{10} &= \frac{n}{2}(a+U_n) \\
&= \frac{10}{2}(15+33) \\
&= 5(48) \\
&= 240 \\
\text{jadi kapasitas kursi pada bioskop adalah 240 kursi } \\
\end{align}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
dfietoa6mt1qger9vob515sb5k5fk55
114855
114854
2026-04-11T14:20:16Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* Rumus istimewa */
114855
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Rumus barisan dan deret aritmatika ==
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + (n - 1)b \\
S_n &= \frac{n (2a + (n-1)b}{2} \\
b &= U_n - U_{n-1} \\
U_n &= S_n - S_{n-1} \\
U_t &= \frac{U_1 + U_n}{2} \\
b &= \frac{U_n - U_k}{n - k} \\
\text{nb: n dan k adalah suku ke-n dan suku ke-k.} \\
\end{align}
</math>
keterangan:
: a/U<sub>1</sub>: suku pertama
: n: banyaknya suku ke-n
: b: beda suku
: Ut: suku tengah
: Un: suku ke-n
: Sn: jumlah suku ke-n
; rataan
:<math>R = \frac{a_1+a_2+a_3+ \dots + a_n}{n}</math>
; suku dan beda baru
:<math>n_b = n + (n-1)x</math>
:<math>b_b = \frac{b}{x+1}</math>
; barisan dan deret bertingkat
;cara 1
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + \frac{(n - 1)b}{1!} + \frac{(n - 1)(n-2)c}{2!} + \dots \\
S_n &= \frac{an}{1!} + \frac{n(n-1)b}{2!} + \frac{n(n-1)(n-2)c}{3!} + \dots \\
\end{align}
</math>
;cara 2
*<math>a_n = an^2 + bn + c</math> (tingkat 2)
*<math>a_n = an^3 + bn^2 + cn + d</math> (tingkat 3)
== Rumus istimewa ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Bilangan !! Suku ke n !! Jumlah suku ke n
|-
| Bilangan asli || 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + …. + (n-1) + n || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli persegi panjang || <math>1 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 + 3 \cdot 4 + 4 \cdot 5 + \dots + n(n+1)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{3}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli segitiga || <math>1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + \dots + \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{6}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli balok || <math>1 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 + 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 + 3 \cdot 4 \cdot 5 + 4 \cdot 5 \cdot 6 + \dots + n(n+1)(n+2)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}{4}</math>
|-
| Kuadrat bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 + \dots + (n-1)^2 + n^2</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}</math>
|-
| Kubik bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^3 + 3^3 + 4^3 + \dots + (n-1)^3 + n^3</math> || <math>S_n = (\frac{n(n+1)}{2})^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan ganjil || 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + …. + 2n + (2n-1) || <math>S_n = n^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan genap || 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + … + 2n-2 + 2n || <math>S_n = n(n+1)</math>
|}
* <math>\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{2^3} + \dots + \frac{1}{2^n} = 1-\frac{1}{2^n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) + (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = 1 - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \dots + \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{n-1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} = (1 + \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4}) - (\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5}) = 1 - \frac{1}{5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} + \frac{6+5}{5 \times 6} = \frac{7}{6}</math>
* <math>\frac{(n+1)+n}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} + \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>1 + \frac{1}{1+2} + \frac{1}{1+2+3} + \frac{1}{1+2+3+4} + \dots + \frac{1}{1+2+3+4+ \dots } = 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{10} + \dots + \frac{1}{10+ \dots } = \frac{2}{2} + \frac{2}{6} + \frac{2}{12} + \frac{2}{20} + \dots + \frac{2}{n \cdot (n+1)} = \frac{2}{1 \cdot 2} + \frac{2}{2 \cdot 3} + \frac{2}{3 \cdot 4} + \frac{2}{4 \cdot 5} + \dots + \frac{2}{n \cdot (n+1)} = 2(\frac{1}{1 \cdot 2} + \frac{1}{2 \cdot 3} + \frac{1}{3 \cdot 4} + \frac{1}{4 \cdot 5} + \dots + \frac{1}{n \cdot (n+1)) = 2(1 - \frac{1}{n+1}}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{6 \times 10} + \frac{1}{10 \times 14} + \frac{1}{14 \times 18} + \frac{1}{18 \times 22} = \frac{1}{6 \times (6+4)} + \frac{1}{10 \times (10+4)} + \frac{1}{14 \times (14+4)} + \frac{1}{18 \times (18+4)} = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{6+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{10+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{14+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{18+4}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{10} + \frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{14} + \frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{18} + \frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{33}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+k)} = \frac{1}{k}(\frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+k})</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{6}{1 \times 4 \times 7} + \frac{6}{4 \times 7 \times 10} + \frac{6}{7 \times 10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{6}{94 \times 97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 7} + \frac{1}{4 \times 7} - \frac{1}{7 \times 10} + \frac{1}{7 \times 10} - \frac{1}{10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{1}{94 \times 97} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{9700} = \frac{2425-1}{9700} = \frac{2424}{9700} = \frac{606}{2425}</math>
* <math>\frac{c-a}{a \times b \times c} = \frac{1}{a \times b} - \frac{1}{b \times c}</math> (a, b dan c adalah bilangan yang berurutan dengan selisih tetap pada tingkat pertama)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) - (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = \frac{1}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{1}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \dots - \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} = \sqrt{5} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{6}} = \sqrt{6} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \dots + \frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1} + \sqrt{n}} = \sqrt{n} - 1</math>
* 1 + 11 + 111 = 123 x 1 = 123
* 2 + 22 + 222 = 123 x 2 = 246
* 3 + 33 + 333 = 123 x 3 = 369
* 1 + 11 + 111 + 1111 = 1234 x 1 = 1234
* 2 + 22 + 222 + 2222 = 1234 x 2 = 2468
* 3 + 33 + 333 + 3333 = 1234 x 3 = 3702
* <math>\frac{1}{4} + \frac{11}{44} + \frac{111}{444} = \frac{1}{4} \times 3 = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{3} + \frac{11}{33} + \frac{111}{333} + \dots + \frac{111.111}{333.333} = \frac{1}{3} \times 6 = 2</math>
; contoh soal
# Kursi pada gedung bioskop memiliki 10 baris, yang kapasitasnya membentuk barisan aritmatika. baris terdepan 15 kursi dan terbelakang 33 kursi maka berapa kapasitas kursi pada bioskop tersebut?
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{align}
n &= 10 \\
a &= 15 \\
U_n &= U_{10} = 33 \\
b &= \frac{33-15}{10-1} \\
&= \frac{18}{9} \\
&= 2 \\
S_{10} &= \frac{n}{2}(a+U_n) \\
&= \frac{10}{2}(15+33) \\
&= 5(48) \\
&= 240 \\
\text{jadi kapasitas kursi pada bioskop adalah 240 kursi } \\
\end{align}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
ku05ssqtd5ij3md8kwdfltz59sf1mdg
114856
114855
2026-04-11T14:21:21Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* Rumus istimewa */
114856
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Rumus barisan dan deret aritmatika ==
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + (n - 1)b \\
S_n &= \frac{n (2a + (n-1)b}{2} \\
b &= U_n - U_{n-1} \\
U_n &= S_n - S_{n-1} \\
U_t &= \frac{U_1 + U_n}{2} \\
b &= \frac{U_n - U_k}{n - k} \\
\text{nb: n dan k adalah suku ke-n dan suku ke-k.} \\
\end{align}
</math>
keterangan:
: a/U<sub>1</sub>: suku pertama
: n: banyaknya suku ke-n
: b: beda suku
: Ut: suku tengah
: Un: suku ke-n
: Sn: jumlah suku ke-n
; rataan
:<math>R = \frac{a_1+a_2+a_3+ \dots + a_n}{n}</math>
; suku dan beda baru
:<math>n_b = n + (n-1)x</math>
:<math>b_b = \frac{b}{x+1}</math>
; barisan dan deret bertingkat
;cara 1
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + \frac{(n - 1)b}{1!} + \frac{(n - 1)(n-2)c}{2!} + \dots \\
S_n &= \frac{an}{1!} + \frac{n(n-1)b}{2!} + \frac{n(n-1)(n-2)c}{3!} + \dots \\
\end{align}
</math>
;cara 2
*<math>a_n = an^2 + bn + c</math> (tingkat 2)
*<math>a_n = an^3 + bn^2 + cn + d</math> (tingkat 3)
== Rumus istimewa ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Bilangan !! Suku ke n !! Jumlah suku ke n
|-
| Bilangan asli || 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + …. + (n-1) + n || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli persegi panjang || <math>1 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 + 3 \cdot 4 + 4 \cdot 5 + \dots + n(n+1)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{3}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli segitiga || <math>1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + \dots + \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{6}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli balok || <math>1 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 + 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 + 3 \cdot 4 \cdot 5 + 4 \cdot 5 \cdot 6 + \dots + n(n+1)(n+2)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}{4}</math>
|-
| Kuadrat bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 + \dots + (n-1)^2 + n^2</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}</math>
|-
| Kubik bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^3 + 3^3 + 4^3 + \dots + (n-1)^3 + n^3</math> || <math>S_n = (\frac{n(n+1)}{2})^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan ganjil || 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + …. + 2n + (2n-1) || <math>S_n = n^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan genap || 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + … + 2n-2 + 2n || <math>S_n = n(n+1)</math>
|}
* <math>\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{2^3} + \dots + \frac{1}{2^n} = 1-\frac{1}{2^n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) + (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = 1 - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \dots + \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{n-1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} = (1 + \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4}) - (\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5}) = 1 - \frac{1}{5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} + \frac{6+5}{5 \times 6} = \frac{7}{6}</math>
* <math>\frac{(n+1)+n}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} + \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>1 + \frac{1}{1+2} + \frac{1}{1+2+3} + \frac{1}{1+2+3+4} + \dots + \frac{1}{1+2+3+4+ \dots } = 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{10} + \dots + \frac{1}{10+ \dots } = \frac{2}{2} + \frac{2}{6} + \frac{2}{12} + \frac{2}{20} + \dots + \frac{2}{n \cdot (n+1)} = \frac{2}{1 \cdot 2} + \frac{2}{2 \cdot 3} + \frac{2}{3 \cdot 4} + \frac{2}{4 \cdot 5} + \dots + \frac{2}{n \cdot (n+1)} = 2(\frac{1}{1 \cdot 2} + \frac{1}{2 \cdot 3} + \frac{1}{3 \cdot 4} + \frac{1}{4 \cdot 5} + \dots + \frac{1}{n \cdot (n+1)} = 2(1 - \frac{1}{n+1}}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{6 \times 10} + \frac{1}{10 \times 14} + \frac{1}{14 \times 18} + \frac{1}{18 \times 22} = \frac{1}{6 \times (6+4)} + \frac{1}{10 \times (10+4)} + \frac{1}{14 \times (14+4)} + \frac{1}{18 \times (18+4)} = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{6+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{10+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{14+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{18+4}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{10} + \frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{14} + \frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{18} + \frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{33}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+k)} = \frac{1}{k}(\frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+k})</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{6}{1 \times 4 \times 7} + \frac{6}{4 \times 7 \times 10} + \frac{6}{7 \times 10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{6}{94 \times 97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 7} + \frac{1}{4 \times 7} - \frac{1}{7 \times 10} + \frac{1}{7 \times 10} - \frac{1}{10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{1}{94 \times 97} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{9700} = \frac{2425-1}{9700} = \frac{2424}{9700} = \frac{606}{2425}</math>
* <math>\frac{c-a}{a \times b \times c} = \frac{1}{a \times b} - \frac{1}{b \times c}</math> (a, b dan c adalah bilangan yang berurutan dengan selisih tetap pada tingkat pertama)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) - (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = \frac{1}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{1}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \dots - \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} = \sqrt{5} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{6}} = \sqrt{6} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \dots + \frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1} + \sqrt{n}} = \sqrt{n} - 1</math>
* 1 + 11 + 111 = 123 x 1 = 123
* 2 + 22 + 222 = 123 x 2 = 246
* 3 + 33 + 333 = 123 x 3 = 369
* 1 + 11 + 111 + 1111 = 1234 x 1 = 1234
* 2 + 22 + 222 + 2222 = 1234 x 2 = 2468
* 3 + 33 + 333 + 3333 = 1234 x 3 = 3702
* <math>\frac{1}{4} + \frac{11}{44} + \frac{111}{444} = \frac{1}{4} \times 3 = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{3} + \frac{11}{33} + \frac{111}{333} + \dots + \frac{111.111}{333.333} = \frac{1}{3} \times 6 = 2</math>
; contoh soal
# Kursi pada gedung bioskop memiliki 10 baris, yang kapasitasnya membentuk barisan aritmatika. baris terdepan 15 kursi dan terbelakang 33 kursi maka berapa kapasitas kursi pada bioskop tersebut?
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{align}
n &= 10 \\
a &= 15 \\
U_n &= U_{10} = 33 \\
b &= \frac{33-15}{10-1} \\
&= \frac{18}{9} \\
&= 2 \\
S_{10} &= \frac{n}{2}(a+U_n) \\
&= \frac{10}{2}(15+33) \\
&= 5(48) \\
&= 240 \\
\text{jadi kapasitas kursi pada bioskop adalah 240 kursi } \\
\end{align}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
i6z939xfjxx9gs1juhfeqnlbvm21n8a
114857
114856
2026-04-11T14:22:13Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* Rumus istimewa */
114857
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Rumus barisan dan deret aritmatika ==
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + (n - 1)b \\
S_n &= \frac{n (2a + (n-1)b}{2} \\
b &= U_n - U_{n-1} \\
U_n &= S_n - S_{n-1} \\
U_t &= \frac{U_1 + U_n}{2} \\
b &= \frac{U_n - U_k}{n - k} \\
\text{nb: n dan k adalah suku ke-n dan suku ke-k.} \\
\end{align}
</math>
keterangan:
: a/U<sub>1</sub>: suku pertama
: n: banyaknya suku ke-n
: b: beda suku
: Ut: suku tengah
: Un: suku ke-n
: Sn: jumlah suku ke-n
; rataan
:<math>R = \frac{a_1+a_2+a_3+ \dots + a_n}{n}</math>
; suku dan beda baru
:<math>n_b = n + (n-1)x</math>
:<math>b_b = \frac{b}{x+1}</math>
; barisan dan deret bertingkat
;cara 1
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + \frac{(n - 1)b}{1!} + \frac{(n - 1)(n-2)c}{2!} + \dots \\
S_n &= \frac{an}{1!} + \frac{n(n-1)b}{2!} + \frac{n(n-1)(n-2)c}{3!} + \dots \\
\end{align}
</math>
;cara 2
*<math>a_n = an^2 + bn + c</math> (tingkat 2)
*<math>a_n = an^3 + bn^2 + cn + d</math> (tingkat 3)
== Rumus istimewa ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Bilangan !! Suku ke n !! Jumlah suku ke n
|-
| Bilangan asli || 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + …. + (n-1) + n || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli persegi panjang || <math>1 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 + 3 \cdot 4 + 4 \cdot 5 + \dots + n(n+1)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{3}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli segitiga || <math>1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + \dots + \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{6}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli balok || <math>1 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 + 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 + 3 \cdot 4 \cdot 5 + 4 \cdot 5 \cdot 6 + \dots + n(n+1)(n+2)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}{4}</math>
|-
| Kuadrat bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 + \dots + (n-1)^2 + n^2</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}</math>
|-
| Kubik bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^3 + 3^3 + 4^3 + \dots + (n-1)^3 + n^3</math> || <math>S_n = (\frac{n(n+1)}{2})^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan ganjil || 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + …. + 2n + (2n-1) || <math>S_n = n^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan genap || 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + … + 2n-2 + 2n || <math>S_n = n(n+1)</math>
|}
* <math>\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{2^3} + \dots + \frac{1}{2^n} = 1-\frac{1}{2^n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) + (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = 1 - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \dots + \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{n-1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} = (1 + \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4}) - (\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5}) = 1 - \frac{1}{5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} + \frac{6+5}{5 \times 6} = \frac{7}{6}</math>
* <math>\frac{(n+1)+n}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} + \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>1 + \frac{1}{1+2} + \frac{1}{1+2+3} + \frac{1}{1+2+3+4} + \dots + \frac{1}{1+2+3+4+ \dots } = 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{10} + \dots + \frac{1}{10+ \dots } = \frac{2}{2} + \frac{2}{6} + \frac{2}{12} + \frac{2}{20} + \dots + \frac{2}{n \cdot (n+1)} = \frac{2}{1 \cdot 2} + \frac{2}{2 \cdot 3} + \frac{2}{3 \cdot 4} + \frac{2}{4 \cdot 5} + \dots + \frac{2}{n \cdot (n+1)} = 2(\frac{1}{1 \cdot 2} + \frac{1}{2 \cdot 3} + \frac{1}{3 \cdot 4} + \frac{1}{4 \cdot 5} + \dots + \frac{1}{n \cdot (n+1)} = 2(1 - \frac{1}{n+1})</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{6 \times 10} + \frac{1}{10 \times 14} + \frac{1}{14 \times 18} + \frac{1}{18 \times 22} = \frac{1}{6 \times (6+4)} + \frac{1}{10 \times (10+4)} + \frac{1}{14 \times (14+4)} + \frac{1}{18 \times (18+4)} = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{6+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{10+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{14+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{18+4}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{10} + \frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{14} + \frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{18} + \frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{33}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+k)} = \frac{1}{k}(\frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+k})</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{6}{1 \times 4 \times 7} + \frac{6}{4 \times 7 \times 10} + \frac{6}{7 \times 10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{6}{94 \times 97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 7} + \frac{1}{4 \times 7} - \frac{1}{7 \times 10} + \frac{1}{7 \times 10} - \frac{1}{10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{1}{94 \times 97} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{9700} = \frac{2425-1}{9700} = \frac{2424}{9700} = \frac{606}{2425}</math>
* <math>\frac{c-a}{a \times b \times c} = \frac{1}{a \times b} - \frac{1}{b \times c}</math> (a, b dan c adalah bilangan yang berurutan dengan selisih tetap pada tingkat pertama)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) - (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = \frac{1}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{1}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \dots - \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} = \sqrt{5} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{6}} = \sqrt{6} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \dots + \frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1} + \sqrt{n}} = \sqrt{n} - 1</math>
* 1 + 11 + 111 = 123 x 1 = 123
* 2 + 22 + 222 = 123 x 2 = 246
* 3 + 33 + 333 = 123 x 3 = 369
* 1 + 11 + 111 + 1111 = 1234 x 1 = 1234
* 2 + 22 + 222 + 2222 = 1234 x 2 = 2468
* 3 + 33 + 333 + 3333 = 1234 x 3 = 3702
* <math>\frac{1}{4} + \frac{11}{44} + \frac{111}{444} = \frac{1}{4} \times 3 = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{3} + \frac{11}{33} + \frac{111}{333} + \dots + \frac{111.111}{333.333} = \frac{1}{3} \times 6 = 2</math>
; contoh soal
# Kursi pada gedung bioskop memiliki 10 baris, yang kapasitasnya membentuk barisan aritmatika. baris terdepan 15 kursi dan terbelakang 33 kursi maka berapa kapasitas kursi pada bioskop tersebut?
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{align}
n &= 10 \\
a &= 15 \\
U_n &= U_{10} = 33 \\
b &= \frac{33-15}{10-1} \\
&= \frac{18}{9} \\
&= 2 \\
S_{10} &= \frac{n}{2}(a+U_n) \\
&= \frac{10}{2}(15+33) \\
&= 5(48) \\
&= 240 \\
\text{jadi kapasitas kursi pada bioskop adalah 240 kursi } \\
\end{align}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
9s22k2195kjm3tsd5yeuf69su1ap267
114858
114857
2026-04-11T14:23:02Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* Rumus istimewa */
114858
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Rumus barisan dan deret aritmatika ==
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + (n - 1)b \\
S_n &= \frac{n (2a + (n-1)b}{2} \\
b &= U_n - U_{n-1} \\
U_n &= S_n - S_{n-1} \\
U_t &= \frac{U_1 + U_n}{2} \\
b &= \frac{U_n - U_k}{n - k} \\
\text{nb: n dan k adalah suku ke-n dan suku ke-k.} \\
\end{align}
</math>
keterangan:
: a/U<sub>1</sub>: suku pertama
: n: banyaknya suku ke-n
: b: beda suku
: Ut: suku tengah
: Un: suku ke-n
: Sn: jumlah suku ke-n
; rataan
:<math>R = \frac{a_1+a_2+a_3+ \dots + a_n}{n}</math>
; suku dan beda baru
:<math>n_b = n + (n-1)x</math>
:<math>b_b = \frac{b}{x+1}</math>
; barisan dan deret bertingkat
;cara 1
<math>
\begin{align}
U_n &= a + \frac{(n - 1)b}{1!} + \frac{(n - 1)(n-2)c}{2!} + \dots \\
S_n &= \frac{an}{1!} + \frac{n(n-1)b}{2!} + \frac{n(n-1)(n-2)c}{3!} + \dots \\
\end{align}
</math>
;cara 2
*<math>a_n = an^2 + bn + c</math> (tingkat 2)
*<math>a_n = an^3 + bn^2 + cn + d</math> (tingkat 3)
== Rumus istimewa ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Bilangan !! Suku ke n !! Jumlah suku ke n
|-
| Bilangan asli || 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + …. + (n-1) + n || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli persegi panjang || <math>1 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 + 3 \cdot 4 + 4 \cdot 5 + \dots + n(n+1)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{3}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli segitiga || <math>1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + \dots + \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{6}</math>
|-
| Bilangan asli balok || <math>1 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 + 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 + 3 \cdot 4 \cdot 5 + 4 \cdot 5 \cdot 6 + \dots + n(n+1)(n+2)</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}{4}</math>
|-
| Kuadrat bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 + \dots + (n-1)^2 + n^2</math> || <math>S_n = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}</math>
|-
| Kubik bilangan asli || <math>1 + 2^3 + 3^3 + 4^3 + \dots + (n-1)^3 + n^3</math> || <math>S_n = (\frac{n(n+1)}{2})^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan ganjil || 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + …. + 2n + (2n-1) || <math>S_n = n^2</math>
|-
| Bilangan genap || 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + … + 2n-2 + 2n || <math>S_n = n(n+1)</math>
|}
* <math>\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{2^3} + \dots + \frac{1}{2^n} = 1-\frac{1}{2^n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) + (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = 1 - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} + \frac{1}{2 \times 3} + \frac{1}{3 \times 4} + \dots + \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{n-1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} = (1 + \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4}) - (\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5}) = 1 - \frac{1}{5} = \frac{4}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{2+1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{3+2}{2 \times 3} + \frac{4+3}{3 \times 4} - \frac{5+4}{4 \times 5} + \frac{6+5}{5 \times 6} = \frac{7}{6}</math>
* <math>\frac{(n+1)+n}{n \times (n+1)} = \frac{1}{n} + \frac{1}{n+1}</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>1 + \frac{1}{1+2} + \frac{1}{1+2+3} + \frac{1}{1+2+3+4} + \dots + \frac{1}{1+2+3+4+ \dots } = 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{10} + \dots + \frac{1}{10+ \dots } = \frac{2}{2} + \frac{2}{6} + \frac{2}{12} + \frac{2}{20} + \dots + \frac{2}{n \cdot (n+1)} = \frac{2}{1 \cdot 2} + \frac{2}{2 \cdot 3} + \frac{2}{3 \cdot 4} + \frac{2}{4 \cdot 5} + \dots + \frac{2}{n \cdot (n+1)} = 2(\frac{1}{1 \cdot 2} + \frac{1}{2 \cdot 3} + \frac{1}{3 \cdot 4} + \frac{1}{4 \cdot 5} + \dots + \frac{1}{n \cdot (n+1)}) = 2(1 - \frac{1}{n+1})</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{6 \times 10} + \frac{1}{10 \times 14} + \frac{1}{14 \times 18} + \frac{1}{18 \times 22} = \frac{1}{6 \times (6+4)} + \frac{1}{10 \times (10+4)} + \frac{1}{14 \times (14+4)} + \frac{1}{18 \times (18+4)} = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{6+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{10+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{14+4}) + \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{18+4}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{10} + \frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{14} + \frac{1}{14} - \frac{1}{18} + \frac{1}{18} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{22}) = \frac{1}{33}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{n \times (n+k)} = \frac{1}{k}(\frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+k})</math> (deret teleskop)
* <math>\frac{6}{1 \times 4 \times 7} + \frac{6}{4 \times 7 \times 10} + \frac{6}{7 \times 10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{6}{94 \times 97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 7} + \frac{1}{4 \times 7} - \frac{1}{7 \times 10} + \frac{1}{7 \times 10} - \frac{1}{10 \times 13} + \dots + \frac{1}{94 \times 97} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{1 \times 4} - \frac{1}{97 \times 100} = \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{9700} = \frac{2425-1}{9700} = \frac{2424}{9700} = \frac{606}{2425}</math>
* <math>\frac{c-a}{a \times b \times c} = \frac{1}{a \times b} - \frac{1}{b \times c}</math> (a, b dan c adalah bilangan yang berurutan dengan selisih tetap pada tingkat pertama)
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} = (1 - \frac{1}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}) - (\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}) = \frac{1}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \frac{1}{4 \times 5} = \frac{1}{5}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 \times 2} - \frac{1}{2 \times 3} - \frac{1}{3 \times 4} - \dots - \frac{1}{(n-1) \times n} = \frac{1}{n}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} = \sqrt{5} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{4}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{5}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{6}} = \sqrt{6} - 1</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}} + \dots + \frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1} + \sqrt{n}} = \sqrt{n} - 1</math>
* 1 + 11 + 111 = 123 x 1 = 123
* 2 + 22 + 222 = 123 x 2 = 246
* 3 + 33 + 333 = 123 x 3 = 369
* 1 + 11 + 111 + 1111 = 1234 x 1 = 1234
* 2 + 22 + 222 + 2222 = 1234 x 2 = 2468
* 3 + 33 + 333 + 3333 = 1234 x 3 = 3702
* <math>\frac{1}{4} + \frac{11}{44} + \frac{111}{444} = \frac{1}{4} \times 3 = \frac{3}{4}</math>
* <math>\frac{1}{3} + \frac{11}{33} + \frac{111}{333} + \dots + \frac{111.111}{333.333} = \frac{1}{3} \times 6 = 2</math>
; contoh soal
# Kursi pada gedung bioskop memiliki 10 baris, yang kapasitasnya membentuk barisan aritmatika. baris terdepan 15 kursi dan terbelakang 33 kursi maka berapa kapasitas kursi pada bioskop tersebut?
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{align}
n &= 10 \\
a &= 15 \\
U_n &= U_{10} = 33 \\
b &= \frac{33-15}{10-1} \\
&= \frac{18}{9} \\
&= 2 \\
S_{10} &= \frac{n}{2}(a+U_n) \\
&= \frac{10}{2}(15+33) \\
&= 5(48) \\
&= 240 \\
\text{jadi kapasitas kursi pada bioskop adalah 240 kursi } \\
\end{align}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
gwr047bzehob652zvkh6cbb5apkjiqa
Soal-Soal Matematika/Bilangan
0
23130
114850
113832
2026-04-11T13:56:08Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
114850
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Hierarki bilangan ==
hierarki bilangan-bilangan yang paling tinggi sebagai berikut:
1 bilangan kompleks
contoh: 3+2i, -4-i, <math>5-\sqrt{2}i</math>, <math>-\sqrt{7}+8i</math>, dst
2 bilangan real dan imajiner
* bilangan real
contoh: <math>\sqrt{2}</math>, <math>\frac{1}{2}</math>, 1/9, 3/4, 0.9999…, 3.1414…, 0.75, e, <math>\pi</math>, dst
* bilangan imajiner
contoh: <math>\sqrt{-2}</math>, <math>\sqrt{-13}</math>, dst
3 bilangan rasional dan irasional
* bilangan rasional
contoh: <math>\sqrt{9}</math>, <math>\frac{1}{2}</math>, 1/9, 3/4, 0.9999…, 3.1414…, 0.75, dst
* bilangan irasional
contoh: <math>2\sqrt{5}</math>, 3.14536…., 2.567785…., e, <math>\pi</math>, dst
4 bilangan bulat dan pecahan
* bilangan bulat
contoh: 8, -4, -18, dst
* bilangan pecahan
contoh: <math>\frac{1}{3}</math>, 6.5, <math>8\frac{2}{7}</math>, dst
: <math>\frac{1}{a} = \frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{a(a+1)}</math>
: <math>0,66 = \frac{66}{100}</math> tetapi <math>0,66 = \frac{66}{99}</math>
Pecahan sederhana adalah bentuk pecahan yang pembilangnya tidak bisa disederhanakan lagi contohnya 1/2, 1/9, 7/20, dst sedangkan pecahan tidak sederhana adalah bentuk pecahan yang pembilangnya bisa disederhanakan lagi contohnya 4/8, 12/18, dst.
Pecahan sejati adalah pembilang lebih kecil dari penyebut contohnya 1/5, 2/9, 5/20, dst sedangkan pecahan tidak sejati adalah pembilang lebih besar dari penyebut contohnya 7/5, 21/11, 18/13, dst
Ada 5 bilangan pecahan parsial yaitu
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! !! Rasional !! Pecahan parsial
|-
| pecahan linear || <math>\frac{px+q}{(x-a)(x-b)}</math> || <math>\frac{A}{x-a}</math>+<math>\frac{B}{x-b}</math>
|-
| pecahan linear berulang || <math>\frac{px+q}{(x-a)^2}</math> || <math>\frac{A}{x-a}</math>+<math>\frac{B}{(x-a)^2}</math>
|-
| pecahan kuadrat || <math>\frac{px^2+qx+r}{(x-a)(x-b)(x-c)}</math> || <math>\frac{A}{x-a}</math>+<math>\frac{B}{x-b}</math>+<math>\frac{C}{x-c}</math>
|-
| pecahan kuadrat berulang || <math>\frac{px^2+qx+r}{(x-a)^2(x-b)}</math> || <math>\frac{A}{x-a}</math>+<math>\frac{B}{(x-a)^2}</math>+<math>\frac{C}{x-b}</math>
|-
| pecahan kuadrat yang tak dapat difaktorkan || <math>\frac{px^2+qx+r}{(x-a)(x^2-bx+c)}</math> || <math>\frac{A}{x-a}</math>+<math>\frac{Bx+C}{x^2-bx+c}</math>
|}
# faktor linear
: <math>\frac{5x+9}{(x+2)(x+1)} = \frac{1}{x+2} + \frac{4}{x+1}</math>
# faktor linear berulang
: <math>\frac{3x+5}{(x+1)^2} = \frac{3}{x+1} + \frac{2}{(x+1)^2}</math>
# faktor kuadrat
: <math>\frac{x^2-5x+6}{(x+4)(x+2)(x+1)} = \frac{7}{x+4} + \frac{-10}{x+2} + \frac{4}{x+1}</math>
# faktor kuadrat berulang
: <math>\frac{x^2+x-2}{(x-3)(x+1)^2} = \frac{\frac{5}{8}}{x-3} + \frac{\frac{3}{8}}{x+1} + \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{(x+1)^2}</math>
# faktor kuadrat yang tak dapat difaktorkan
: <math>\frac{8x^2+12x-20}{(x+3)(x^2+x+2)} = \frac{2}{x+3} + \frac{6x-8}{x^2+x+2}</math>
5 bilangan bulat positif (cacah) dan bulat negatif
* bilangan cacah
contoh: 0, 10, 45, dst
* bilangan bulat negatif
contoh: -46, -2, dst
6 bilangan asli dan nol
* bilangan asli
contoh: 13, 140, 48, dst
* bilangan nol
contoh: hanya 0
7 bilangan ganjil, genap, prima dan komposit
*bilangan ganjil
contoh: 1, 3, 5, 7, dst
*bilangan genap
contoh: 2, 4, 6, 8, dst
* bilangan prima
contoh: 2, 3, 5, 7, dst
* bilangan komposit
contoh: 4, 6, 8, 9, dst
== Bilangan romawi ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Angka !! Romawi !! Angka !! Romawi !! Angka !! Romawi
|-
| 1 || I || 11 || XI || 30 || XXX
|-
| 2 || II || 12 || XII || 40 || XL
|-
| 3 || III || 13 || XIII || 50 || L
|-
| 4 || IV || 14 || XIV || 60 || LX
|-
| 5 || V || 15 || XV || 70 || LXX
|-
| 6 || VI || 16 || XVI || 80 || LXXX
|-
| 7 || VII || 17 || XVII || 90 || LC
|-
| 8 || VIII || 18 || XVIII || 100 || C
|-
| 9 || IX || 19 || XIX || 500 || D
|-
| 10 || X || 20 || XX || 1000 || M
|}
== Angka dan digit ==
* 14 (1 angka dan 2 digit)
* 235 (1 angka dan 3 digit)
* 456 (3 digit) dan 7890 (4 digit) [2 angka]
* AB = 10A + B
* PQR = 100P + 10Q + R
* AAA : 37 = A x 3 (hasil dua digit)
* AAA BBB : 37 = [A x 3 (hasil dua digit)] 0 [B x 3 (hasil dua digit)]
== Kondisi kedua bilangan ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Bilangan I !! Bilangan II !! Jumlah !! Kali
|-
| Ganjil || Ganjil || Genap || Ganjil
|-
| Genap || Genap || Genap || Genap
|-
| Ganjil || Genap || Ganjil || Genap
|}
== Ciri-ciri bilangan habis dibagi pembagi istimewa ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Bil habis dibagi pembagi !! Syarat
|-
| 2 || Digit terakhir bilangan genap
|-
| 3 || Jumlah semua digit habis dibagi 3
|-
| 4 || Dua digit terakhir habis dibagi 4
|-
| 5 || Digit terakhir 0 atau 5
|-
| 6 ||
* Bilangan genap yang jumlah semua digitnya habis dibagi 3
* Bilangan yang habis dibagi 3 dan habis dibagi 2
|-
| 7 || Bila bagian satuannya dikalikan 2 dan menjadi pengurang dari bilangan tersisa. Jika hasilnya habis dibagi 7 maka bilangan itu habis dibagi 7
|-
| 8 || Tiga digit terakhir habis dibagi 8
|-
| 9 || Jumlah semua digit habis dibagi 9
|-
| 10 || Digit terakhir 0
|}
== Ciri-ciri sisa jika bilangan tidak habis dibagi pembagi istimewa ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Bil tidak habis dibagi pembagi !! Syarat jika sisa
|-
| 2 || Digit terakhir bilangan ganjil dan pasti bersisa 1
|-
| 3 || Jumlah semua digit tidak habis dibagi 3 (sampai angka satuan)
|-
| 4 ||
|-
| 5 || Digit terakhir bukan 0 atau 5
|-
| 6 ||
|-
| 7 ||
|-
| 8 ||
|-
| 9 || Jumlah semua digit tidak habis dibagi 9 (sampai angka satuan)
|-
| 10 || Digit terakhir bukan 0
|}
== Bilangan desimal berulang ==
; Dibagi 7
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! !!
|-
| 1 || 142857
|-
| 2 || 285714
|-
| 3 || 428571
|-
| 4 || 571428
|-
| 5 || 714285
|-
| 6 || 857152
|}
; Dibagi 13
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| 1 || 076923 || 7 || 538461
|-
| 2 || 153846 || 8 || 615384
|-
| 3 || 230769 || 9 || 692307
|-
| 4 || 307692 || 10 || 769230
|-
| 5 || 384615 || 11 || 846153
|-
| 6 || 461538 || 12 || 923076
|}
== Sisa dibagi angka berpangkat tanpa berulang ==
Jika bersisa 1 berapapun angka dibagi semua angka pasti bersisa 1 untuk semua pangkat.
; Dibagi 3
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Sisa (1) !! Sisa (2)
|-
| 2 || 1
|}
; Dibagi 4
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Sisa (1) !! Sisa (2)
|-
| 2 ||
|-
| 3 || 1
|}
; Dibagi 5
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Sisa (1) !! Sisa (2) !! Sisa (3) !! Sisa (4)
|-
| 2 || 4 || 3 || 1
|-
| 3 || 4 || 2 || 1
|-
| 4 || 1
|}
; Dibagi 6
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Sisa (1) !! Sisa (2)
|-
| 2 || 4
|-
| 3
|-
| 4
|-
| 5 || 1
|}
; Dibagi 7
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Sisa (1) !! Sisa (2) !! Sisa (3) !! Sisa (4) !! Sisa (5) !! Sisa (6)
|-
| 2 || 4 || 1
|-
| 3 || 2 || 6 || 4 || 5 || 1
|-
| 4 || 2 || 1
|-
| 5 || 4 || 6 || 2 || 3 || 1
|-
| 6 || 1
|}
; Dibagi 8
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Sisa (1) !! Sisa (2)
|-
| 2 || 4
|-
| 3 || 1
|-
| 4
|-
| 5 || 1
|-
| 6 || 4
|-
| 7 || 1
|}
; Dibagi 9
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Sisa (1) !! Sisa (2) !! Sisa (3) !! Sisa (4) !! Sisa (5) !! Sisa (6)
|-
| 2 || 4 || 8 || 7 || 5 || 1
|-
| 3
|-
| 4 || 7 || 1
|-
| 5 || 7 || 8 || 4 || 2 || 1
|-
| 6
|-
| 7 || 4 || 1
|-
| 8 || 1
|}
'''Keterangan''':
: () = berpangkat
; contoh:
: 8^2 : 6 jadi sisa 4 (2*2 = 4)
: 5^3 : 3 jadi sisa 2 (2*2*2 = 8)
: 10^4 : 7 jadi sisa 4 (3*3*3*3 = 81)
== angka terakhir pada angka berpangkat tanpa berulang ==
; 0 berpangkat berapa pun pasti angka terakhir 0.
; 1 berpangkat berapa pun pasti angka terakhir 1.
; 5 berpangkat berapa pun pasti angka terakhir 5.
; 6 berpangkat berapa pun pasti angka terakhir 6.
; 2 berpangkat: 2, 4, 8, 6
; 3 berpangkat: 3, 9, 7, 1
; 4 berpangkat: 4, 6
; 7 berpangkat: 7, 9, 3, 1
; 8 berpangkat: 8, 4, 2, 6
; 9 berpangkat: 9, 1
== Bentuk persentase (%) ==
Persentase (%) adalah dalam bentuk per ratus atau berdesimal dua angka.
Contoh persentase:
# 2 = 2 * 100% = 200%
# 0.2 = 0.2 * 100% = 20%
# 0.76 = 0.76 * 100% = 76%
# 0,057 = 0.057 * 100% = 5.7%
# 0.0075 = 0.0075 * 100% = 0,75% = 3/4%
# 1/2 = 0.5 = 0.5 * 100% = 50%
# 4/5 = 0.8 = 0.8 * 100% = 80%
# 1.5% = = 1.5 * 1/100 = 0.015
# 5% = 5 * 1/100 = 0.05
# 23.5% = 23.5 * 1/100 = 0.235
# 75% = 75 * 1/100 = 0.75
# 1/2% = 1/2 * 1/100 = 0.005
# 3/5% = 3/5 * 1/100 = 0.006
# 3/8% = 3/8 * 1/100 = 0.00375
Contoh soal:
# Berapa hasil 49% dari 500?
# Berapa hasil 62% untuk 465?
# Berapa % hasil dari 3.600 untuk 1.728?
# Jika hasil 45% dari suatu bilangan adalah 81 maka berapa hasil dari 35% dari bilangan tersebut?
# Jika hasil 62% dari 3x adalah 31 maka berapa hasil 24% dari 4x?
jawaban:
# 49% * 500 = 245
# 62% * x = 465 ↔ x = 465 / 62% <br> 465 * 100/62 = 750
# 1.728/3.600 * 100% = 48%
# 45% * A = 81 nah 35% * A = ?. jadi A = 81/45% lalu 35% * 81/45% = 63
# 62% * 3x = 31 menjadi x = 100/62 * 31/3 = 100/6 lalu 24% * 4x = 24% * 4(100/6) = 16
== Bilangan kompleks ==
;1 Bentuk kartesian
bentuk kartesiannya adalah z=x+yi (i=<math>\sqrt{-1}</math>)
koordinatnya adalah (x,y). x adalah bilangan real dan y adalah bilangan imajiner. Bagian real dinyatakan Re(z) dan bagian imajiner dinyatakan Im(z).
; operasi hitung
jika z<sub>1</sub>=x<sub>1</sub>+y<sub>1</sub>i dan z<sub>2</sub>=x<sub>2</sub>+y<sub>2</sub>i maka sebagai berikut:
: Penjumlahan
:: <math>z_1+z_2=(x_1+y_1i)+(x_2+y_2i)=(x_1+x_2)+(y_1+y_2)i</math>
: Pengurangan
:: <math>z_1-z_2=(x_1+y_1i)-(x_2+y_2i)=(x_1-x_2)+(y_1-y_2)i</math>
: Perkalian
:: <math>z_1 \times z_2=(x_1+y_1i) \times (x_2+y_2i)=x_1x_2+x_1y_2i+x_2y_1i+y_1y_2i^2=x_1x_2+(x_1y_2+x_2y_1)i-y_1y_2=(x_1x_2-y_1y_2)+(x_1y_2+x_2y_1)i</math>
: Pembagian
:: <math>\frac{z_1}{z_2} = \frac{x_1+y_1i}{x_2+y_2i} = \frac{x_1+y_1i}{x_2+y_2i} \cdot \frac{x_2+y_2i}{x_2+y_2i} = \frac{x_1x_2+x_1y_2i+x_2y_1i+y_1y_2i^2}{{x_2}^2+2x_2y_2i+({y_2i})^2}=\frac{x_1x_2+(x_1y_2+x_2y_1)i-y_1y_2}{{x_2}^2+2x_2y_2i-{y_2}^2}=\frac{x_1x_2+(x_1y_2+x_2y_1)i-y_1y_2}{({x_2}^2-{y_2}^2)+2x_2y_2i}</math>
: Perkalian skalar
:: kz = k(x+yi) = kx+kyi
: Bernilai -1
:: -1(z) = -z = -(x+yi) = -x-yi
: Invers
:: z<sup>-1</sup> = u + vi dimana u=<math>\frac{x}{x^2+y^2}</math> dan v=<math>\frac{y}{x^2+y^2}</math>
; sifat
* z<sub>1</sub>+z<sub>2</sub>=z<sub>2</sub>+z<sub>1</sub>
* (z<sub>1</sub>+z<sub>2</sub>)+z<sub>3</sub>=z<sub>1</sub>+(z<sub>2</sub>+z<sub>3</sub>)
* z<sub>1</sub>xz<sub>2</sub>=z<sub>2</sub>xz<sub>1</sub>
* (z<sub>1</sub>xz<sub>2</sub>)xz<sub>3</sub>=z<sub>1</sub>x(z<sub>2</sub>xz<sub>3</sub>)
* z<sub>1</sub>x(z<sub>2</sub>+z<sub>3</sub>)=z<sub>1</sub>xz<sub>2</sub>+z<sub>1</sub>xz<sub>3</sub>
* 1(z)=z
* 0(z)=0
* z+(-z)=0
* zxz<sup>-1</sup>=1
; konjugat kompleks sekawan
konjugat kompleks sekawan dari z=x+yi adalah <math>\overline{z}</math>=x-yi yang koordinat adalah (x,-y). adapun memiliki sifat sebagai berikut:
* Teorema 1
** <math>\overline{\overline{z}}</math>=z
** <math>\overline{z^{-1}}=\overline{z}^{-1}</math>
** z+<math>\overline{z}</math>=2Re(z)
** z-<math>\overline{z}</math>=2iIm(z)
** zx<math>\overline{z}</math>=(Re(z))<sup>2</sup>+(Im(z))<sup>2</sup>
* Teorema 2
Jika z bilangan kompleks maka berlaku:
** |z|<sup>2</sup>=(Re(z))<sup>2</sup>+(Im(z))<sup>2</sup>
** |z<sup>2</sup>|=|z|<sup>2</sup>=z.<math>\overline{z}</math>
** |z|=|-z|=|<math>\overline{z}</math>|
** |z|≤|Re(z)|≤Re(z)
** |z|≤|Im(z)|≤Im(z)
Jika z<sub>1</sub>, z<sub>2</sub> maka berlaku:
** |z<sub>1</sub>xz<sub>2</sub>|=|z<sub>1</sub>|x|z<sub>2</sub>|
** <math>|\frac{z_1}{z_2}|=\frac{|z_1|}{|z_2|}</math> untuk |z<sub>2</sub>|≠0
** |z<sub>1</sub>+z<sub>2</sub>|≤|z<sub>1</sub>|+|z<sub>2</sub>|
** |z<sub>1</sub>-z<sub>2</sub>|≥|z<sub>1</sub>|-|z<sub>2</sub>|
** |z<sub>1</sub>-z<sub>2</sub>|=|z<sub>2</sub>-z<sub>1</sub>|
Jika z<sub>1</sub>, z<sub>2</sub> dengan konjugat maka berlaku:
** <math>\overline{z_1+z_2}=\overline{z_1}+\overline{z_2}</math>
** <math>\overline{z_1-z_2}=\overline{z_1}-\overline{z_2}</math>
** <math>\overline{z_1 \times z_2}=\overline{z_1} \times \overline{z_2}</math>
** <math>\overline{(\frac{z_1}{z_2})}=\frac{\overline{z_1}}{\overline{z_2}}</math> untuk <math>\overline{z_2} \neq 0</math>
; Modulus
* jika z=x+yi maka |z|=r=<math>\sqrt{x^2+y^2}</math>
;2 Bentuk kutub (polar)
koordinatnya adalah z=(r,<math>\theta</math>)
hubungan (x,y) dengan (r,<math>\theta</math>) adalah
: x=r cos <math>\theta</math>
: y=r sin <math>\theta</math>
: dengan <math>\theta</math> = arc tan (<math>\frac{y}{x}</math>)
bentuk kutubnya adalah z=(r,<math>\theta</math>)=r(cos <math>\theta</math>+i sin <math>\theta</math>)=r cis <math>\theta</math>
sekawannya adalah <math>\overline{z}</math>=(r,-<math>\theta</math>)=r(cos <math>\theta</math>-i sin <math>\theta</math>)
; argument
Sudut <math>\theta</math> disebut argument z maka ditulis arg z
z=x+yi dan z=r(cos <math>\theta</math>+ i sin <math>\theta</math>) maka x+yi=r(cos <math>\theta</math>+ i sin <math>\theta</math>)
<math>\theta</math> = arc cos (<math>\frac{x}{r}</math>) dan <math>\theta</math> = arc sin (<math>\frac{y}{r}</math>) dimana <math>\theta</math> merupakan irisan bagiannya
Sudut <math>\theta</math> dengan 0≤<math>\theta</math>≤<math>2\pi</math> atau <math>-\pi</math>≤<math>\theta</math>≤<math>\pi</math> disebut argument utama maka ditulis Arg z
;3 Bentuk eksponensial
bentuk eksponensialnya adalah z=re<sup>i<math>\theta</math></sup>
sekawannya adalah <math>\overline{z}</math>=re<sup>-i<math>\theta</math></sup>
: i sin <math>\theta</math>=<math>\frac{e^{i \theta}-e^{-i \theta}}{2}</math>
: cos <math>\theta</math>=<math>\frac{e^{i \theta}+e^{-i \theta}}{2}</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Bentuk bilangan kompleks
|-
! !! Kartesian !! Kutub !! Eksponensial
|-
| z || x+yi || r(cos <math>\theta</math>+i sin <math>\theta</math>) || re<sup>i<math>\theta</math></sup>
|-
| koordinat z || (x,y) || colspan=2 align=center| (r,<math>\theta</math>)
|-
| <math>\overline{z}</math> || x-yi || r(cos <math>\theta</math>-i sin <math>\theta</math>) || re<sup>-i<math>\theta</math></sup>
|-
| koordinat <math>\overline{z}</math> || (x,-y) || colspan=2 align=center| (r,-<math>\theta</math>)
|}
; contoh soal
* Jika z<sub>1</sub>=1+i dan z<sub>2</sub>=3-2i maka tentukan:
: z<sub>1</sub>+z<sub>2</sub>
: z<sub>1</sub>-z<sub>2</sub>
: z<sub>1</sub>xz<sub>2</sub>
: <math>\frac{z_1}{z_2}</math>
: (z<sub>1</sub>)<sup>-1</sup>
: |z<sub>1</sub>|
: |z<sub>2</sub>|
: |z<sub>1</sub>|+|z<sub>2</sub>|
: |z<sub>1</sub>|-|z<sub>2</sub>|
: |z<sub>1</sub>|x|z<sub>2</sub>|
: <math>\frac{|z_1|}{|z_2|}</math>
: |z<sub>1</sub>+z<sub>2</sub>|
: |z<sub>1</sub>-z<sub>2</sub>|
: |z<sub>1</sub>xz<sub>2</sub>|
: |<math>\frac{z_1}{z_2}</math>|
: <math>\overline{z_1}</math>
: <math>\overline{z_2}</math>
: <math>\overline{z_1}</math>+<math>\overline{z_2}</math>
: <math>\overline{z_1}</math>-<math>\overline{z_2}</math>
: <math>\overline{z_1}</math>x<math>\overline{z_2}</math>
: <math>\frac{\overline{z_1}}{\overline{z_2}}</math>
: <math>\overline{z_1+z_2}</math>
: <math>\overline{z_1-z_2}</math>
: <math>\overline{z_1 \times z_2}</math>
: <math>\overline{(\frac{z_1}{z_2})}</math>
: persamaan polarnya dari z<sub>1</sub>
: persamaan eksponensialnya dari z<sub>1</sub>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{align}
* z_1+z_2 \\
z_1+z_2 &= (1+i)+(3-2i) \\
&= 4-i \\
* z_1-z_2 \\
z_1-z_2 &= (1+i)-(3-2i) \\
&= -2+3i \\
* z_1 \times z_2 \\
z_1 \times z_2 &= (1+i)(3-2i) \\
&= 3+i+2 \\
&= 5+i \\
* \frac{z_1}{z_2} \\
\frac{z_1}{z_2} &= \frac{1+i}{3-2i} \\
&= \frac{1+i}{3-2i} \times \frac{3+i}{3+2i} \\
&= \frac{3+4i+i^2}{9+4} \\
&= \frac{2+4i}{13} \\
&= \frac{2}{13}+\frac{4}{13}i \\
* z_1^{-1} \\
z_1^{-1} &= u+vi \\
&= \frac{1^2}{1^2+1^2}+(\frac{1^2}{1^2+1^2})i \\
&= \frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}i \\
* |z_1| \\
|z_1| &= \sqrt{1^2+1^2} \\
&= \sqrt{2} \\
* |z_2| \\
|z_2| &= \sqrt{3^2+(-2)^2} \\
&= \sqrt{13} \\
* |z_1|+|z_2| \\
|z_1|+|z_2| &= \sqrt{2}+\sqrt{13} \\
* |z_1|-|z_2| \\
|z_1|-|z_2| &= \sqrt{2}-\sqrt{13} \\
* |z_1| \times |z_2| \\
|z_1| \times |z_2| &= \sqrt{2} \times \sqrt{13} \\
&= \sqrt{26} \\
* \frac{|z_1|}{|z_2|} \\
\frac{|z_1|}{|z_2|} &= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{13}} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{26}}{13} \\
* |z_1+z_2| \\
|z_1+z_2| &= \sqrt{4^2+(-1)^2} \\
&= \sqrt{17} \\
* |z_1-z_2| \\
|z_1-z_2| &= \sqrt{(-2)^2+3^2} \\
&= \sqrt{13} \\
* |z_1 \times z_2| \\
|z_1 \times z_2| &= \sqrt{5^2+1^2} \\
&= \sqrt{26} \\
* |\frac{z_1}{z_2}| \\
|\frac{z_1}{z_2}| &= \sqrt{(\frac{2}{13})^2+(\frac{4}{13})^2} \\
&= \sqrt{\frac{4}{169}+\frac{16}{169}} \\
&= \sqrt{\frac{20}{169}} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{20}}{13} \\
* \overline{z_1} \\
\overline{z_1} &= 1-i \\
* \overline{z_2} \\
\overline{z_2} &= 3+2i \\
* \overline{z_1}+\overline{z_2} \\
\overline{z_1}+\overline{z_2} &= 1-i+3+2i \\
&= 4+i \\
* \overline{z_1}-\overline{z_2} \\
\overline{z_1}-\overline{z_2} &= 1-i-(3+2i) \\
&= -2-3i \\
* \overline{z_1} \times \overline{z_2} \\
\overline{z_1} \times \overline{z_2} &= (1-i)(3+2i) \\
&= 3-i-2i^2 \\
&= 5-i \\
* \frac{\overline{z_1}}{\overline{z_2}} \\
\frac{\overline{z_1}}{\overline{z_2}} &= \frac{1-i}{3+2i} \\
&= \frac{1-i}{3+2i} \times \frac{3-2i}{3-2i} \\
&= \frac{3-5i+2i^2}{9+4} \\
&= \frac{1-5i}{13} \\
&= \frac{1}{13}-\frac{5}{13}i \\
* \overline{z_1+z_2} \\
\overline{z_1+z_2} &= 4+i \\
* \overline{z_1-z_2} \\
\overline{z_1-z_2} &= -2-3i \\
* \overline{z_1 \times z_2} \\
\overline{z_1 \times z_2} &= 5-i \\
* \overline{(\frac{z_1}{z_2})} \\
\overline{(\frac{z_1}{z_2})} &= \frac{2}{13}-\frac{4}{13}i \\
* z &= r(cos \theta + i sin \theta) \\
1+i &= r cos \theta + ri sin \theta \\
\theta &= arc cos (\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}) \\
\theta &= 45^\circ, 315^\circ \\
\theta &= arc sin (\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}) \\
\theta &= 45^\circ, 135^\circ \\
\text{irisannya adalah } \theta &= 45^\circ \\
z &= r(cos \theta + i sin \theta) \\
&= \sqrt{2}(cos 45^\circ + i sin 45^\circ) \\
* z &= re^{i \theta} \\
\theta &= 45^\circ = \frac{\pi}{4} \\
z &= \sqrt{2}e^{i \frac{\pi}{4}} \\
&= \sqrt{2}e^{\frac{\pi i}{4}} \\
\end{align}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
57osw4h3q8mdv43r12tjvl23ljbynie
114851
114850
2026-04-11T14:00:01Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
114851
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Hierarki bilangan ==
hierarki bilangan-bilangan yang paling tinggi sebagai berikut:
1 bilangan kompleks
contoh: 3+2i, -4-i, <math>5-\sqrt{2}i</math>, <math>-\sqrt{7}+8i</math>, dst
2 bilangan real dan imajiner
* bilangan real
contoh: <math>\sqrt{2}</math>, <math>\frac{1}{2}</math>, 1/9, 3/4, 0.9999…, 3.1414…, 0.75, e, <math>\pi</math>, dst
* bilangan imajiner
contoh: <math>\sqrt{-2}</math>, <math>\sqrt{-13}</math>, dst
3 bilangan rasional dan irasional
* bilangan rasional
contoh: <math>\sqrt{9}</math>, <math>\frac{1}{2}</math>, 1/9, 3/4, 0.9999…, 3.1414…, 0.75, dst
* bilangan irasional
contoh: <math>2\sqrt{5}</math>, 3.14536…., 2.567785…., e, <math>\pi</math>, dst
4 bilangan bulat dan pecahan
* bilangan bulat
contoh: 8, -4, -18, dst
* bilangan pecahan
contoh: <math>\frac{1}{3}</math>, 6.5, <math>8\frac{2}{7}</math>, dst
: <math>\frac{1}{a} = \frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{a(a+1)}</math>
: <math>0,66 = \frac{66}{100}</math> tetapi <math>0,\bar{66} = \frac{66}{99}</math>
Pecahan sederhana adalah bentuk pecahan yang pembilangnya tidak bisa disederhanakan lagi contohnya 1/2, 1/9, 7/20, dst sedangkan pecahan tidak sederhana adalah bentuk pecahan yang pembilangnya bisa disederhanakan lagi contohnya 4/8, 12/18, dst.
Pecahan sejati adalah pembilang lebih kecil dari penyebut contohnya 1/5, 2/9, 5/20, dst sedangkan pecahan tidak sejati adalah pembilang lebih besar dari penyebut contohnya 7/5, 21/11, 18/13, dst
Ada 5 bilangan pecahan parsial yaitu
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! !! Rasional !! Pecahan parsial
|-
| pecahan linear || <math>\frac{px+q}{(x-a)(x-b)}</math> || <math>\frac{A}{x-a}</math>+<math>\frac{B}{x-b}</math>
|-
| pecahan linear berulang || <math>\frac{px+q}{(x-a)^2}</math> || <math>\frac{A}{x-a}</math>+<math>\frac{B}{(x-a)^2}</math>
|-
| pecahan kuadrat || <math>\frac{px^2+qx+r}{(x-a)(x-b)(x-c)}</math> || <math>\frac{A}{x-a}</math>+<math>\frac{B}{x-b}</math>+<math>\frac{C}{x-c}</math>
|-
| pecahan kuadrat berulang || <math>\frac{px^2+qx+r}{(x-a)^2(x-b)}</math> || <math>\frac{A}{x-a}</math>+<math>\frac{B}{(x-a)^2}</math>+<math>\frac{C}{x-b}</math>
|-
| pecahan kuadrat yang tak dapat difaktorkan || <math>\frac{px^2+qx+r}{(x-a)(x^2-bx+c)}</math> || <math>\frac{A}{x-a}</math>+<math>\frac{Bx+C}{x^2-bx+c}</math>
|}
# faktor linear
: <math>\frac{5x+9}{(x+2)(x+1)} = \frac{1}{x+2} + \frac{4}{x+1}</math>
# faktor linear berulang
: <math>\frac{3x+5}{(x+1)^2} = \frac{3}{x+1} + \frac{2}{(x+1)^2}</math>
# faktor kuadrat
: <math>\frac{x^2-5x+6}{(x+4)(x+2)(x+1)} = \frac{7}{x+4} + \frac{-10}{x+2} + \frac{4}{x+1}</math>
# faktor kuadrat berulang
: <math>\frac{x^2+x-2}{(x-3)(x+1)^2} = \frac{\frac{5}{8}}{x-3} + \frac{\frac{3}{8}}{x+1} + \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{(x+1)^2}</math>
# faktor kuadrat yang tak dapat difaktorkan
: <math>\frac{8x^2+12x-20}{(x+3)(x^2+x+2)} = \frac{2}{x+3} + \frac{6x-8}{x^2+x+2}</math>
5 bilangan bulat positif (cacah) dan bulat negatif
* bilangan cacah
contoh: 0, 10, 45, dst
* bilangan bulat negatif
contoh: -46, -2, dst
6 bilangan asli dan nol
* bilangan asli
contoh: 13, 140, 48, dst
* bilangan nol
contoh: hanya 0
7 bilangan ganjil, genap, prima dan komposit
*bilangan ganjil
contoh: 1, 3, 5, 7, dst
*bilangan genap
contoh: 2, 4, 6, 8, dst
* bilangan prima
contoh: 2, 3, 5, 7, dst
* bilangan komposit
contoh: 4, 6, 8, 9, dst
== Bilangan romawi ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Angka !! Romawi !! Angka !! Romawi !! Angka !! Romawi
|-
| 1 || I || 11 || XI || 30 || XXX
|-
| 2 || II || 12 || XII || 40 || XL
|-
| 3 || III || 13 || XIII || 50 || L
|-
| 4 || IV || 14 || XIV || 60 || LX
|-
| 5 || V || 15 || XV || 70 || LXX
|-
| 6 || VI || 16 || XVI || 80 || LXXX
|-
| 7 || VII || 17 || XVII || 90 || LC
|-
| 8 || VIII || 18 || XVIII || 100 || C
|-
| 9 || IX || 19 || XIX || 500 || D
|-
| 10 || X || 20 || XX || 1000 || M
|}
== Angka dan digit ==
* 14 (1 angka dan 2 digit)
* 235 (1 angka dan 3 digit)
* 456 (3 digit) dan 7890 (4 digit) [2 angka]
* AB = 10A + B
* PQR = 100P + 10Q + R
* AAA : 37 = A x 3 (hasil dua digit)
* AAA BBB : 37 = [A x 3 (hasil dua digit)] 0 [B x 3 (hasil dua digit)]
== Kondisi kedua bilangan ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Bilangan I !! Bilangan II !! Jumlah !! Kali
|-
| Ganjil || Ganjil || Genap || Ganjil
|-
| Genap || Genap || Genap || Genap
|-
| Ganjil || Genap || Ganjil || Genap
|}
== Ciri-ciri bilangan habis dibagi pembagi istimewa ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Bil habis dibagi pembagi !! Syarat
|-
| 2 || Digit terakhir bilangan genap
|-
| 3 || Jumlah semua digit habis dibagi 3
|-
| 4 || Dua digit terakhir habis dibagi 4
|-
| 5 || Digit terakhir 0 atau 5
|-
| 6 ||
* Bilangan genap yang jumlah semua digitnya habis dibagi 3
* Bilangan yang habis dibagi 3 dan habis dibagi 2
|-
| 7 || Bila bagian satuannya dikalikan 2 dan menjadi pengurang dari bilangan tersisa. Jika hasilnya habis dibagi 7 maka bilangan itu habis dibagi 7
|-
| 8 || Tiga digit terakhir habis dibagi 8
|-
| 9 || Jumlah semua digit habis dibagi 9
|-
| 10 || Digit terakhir 0
|}
== Ciri-ciri sisa jika bilangan tidak habis dibagi pembagi istimewa ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Bil tidak habis dibagi pembagi !! Syarat jika sisa
|-
| 2 || Digit terakhir bilangan ganjil dan pasti bersisa 1
|-
| 3 || Jumlah semua digit tidak habis dibagi 3 (sampai angka satuan)
|-
| 4 ||
|-
| 5 || Digit terakhir bukan 0 atau 5
|-
| 6 ||
|-
| 7 ||
|-
| 8 ||
|-
| 9 || Jumlah semua digit tidak habis dibagi 9 (sampai angka satuan)
|-
| 10 || Digit terakhir bukan 0
|}
== Bilangan desimal berulang ==
; Dibagi 7
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! !!
|-
| 1 || 142857
|-
| 2 || 285714
|-
| 3 || 428571
|-
| 4 || 571428
|-
| 5 || 714285
|-
| 6 || 857152
|}
; Dibagi 13
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| 1 || 076923 || 7 || 538461
|-
| 2 || 153846 || 8 || 615384
|-
| 3 || 230769 || 9 || 692307
|-
| 4 || 307692 || 10 || 769230
|-
| 5 || 384615 || 11 || 846153
|-
| 6 || 461538 || 12 || 923076
|}
== Sisa dibagi angka berpangkat tanpa berulang ==
Jika bersisa 1 berapapun angka dibagi semua angka pasti bersisa 1 untuk semua pangkat.
; Dibagi 3
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Sisa (1) !! Sisa (2)
|-
| 2 || 1
|}
; Dibagi 4
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Sisa (1) !! Sisa (2)
|-
| 2 ||
|-
| 3 || 1
|}
; Dibagi 5
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Sisa (1) !! Sisa (2) !! Sisa (3) !! Sisa (4)
|-
| 2 || 4 || 3 || 1
|-
| 3 || 4 || 2 || 1
|-
| 4 || 1
|}
; Dibagi 6
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Sisa (1) !! Sisa (2)
|-
| 2 || 4
|-
| 3
|-
| 4
|-
| 5 || 1
|}
; Dibagi 7
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Sisa (1) !! Sisa (2) !! Sisa (3) !! Sisa (4) !! Sisa (5) !! Sisa (6)
|-
| 2 || 4 || 1
|-
| 3 || 2 || 6 || 4 || 5 || 1
|-
| 4 || 2 || 1
|-
| 5 || 4 || 6 || 2 || 3 || 1
|-
| 6 || 1
|}
; Dibagi 8
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Sisa (1) !! Sisa (2)
|-
| 2 || 4
|-
| 3 || 1
|-
| 4
|-
| 5 || 1
|-
| 6 || 4
|-
| 7 || 1
|}
; Dibagi 9
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Sisa (1) !! Sisa (2) !! Sisa (3) !! Sisa (4) !! Sisa (5) !! Sisa (6)
|-
| 2 || 4 || 8 || 7 || 5 || 1
|-
| 3
|-
| 4 || 7 || 1
|-
| 5 || 7 || 8 || 4 || 2 || 1
|-
| 6
|-
| 7 || 4 || 1
|-
| 8 || 1
|}
'''Keterangan''':
: () = berpangkat
; contoh:
: 8^2 : 6 jadi sisa 4 (2*2 = 4)
: 5^3 : 3 jadi sisa 2 (2*2*2 = 8)
: 10^4 : 7 jadi sisa 4 (3*3*3*3 = 81)
== angka terakhir pada angka berpangkat tanpa berulang ==
; 0 berpangkat berapa pun pasti angka terakhir 0.
; 1 berpangkat berapa pun pasti angka terakhir 1.
; 5 berpangkat berapa pun pasti angka terakhir 5.
; 6 berpangkat berapa pun pasti angka terakhir 6.
; 2 berpangkat: 2, 4, 8, 6
; 3 berpangkat: 3, 9, 7, 1
; 4 berpangkat: 4, 6
; 7 berpangkat: 7, 9, 3, 1
; 8 berpangkat: 8, 4, 2, 6
; 9 berpangkat: 9, 1
== Bentuk persentase (%) ==
Persentase (%) adalah dalam bentuk per ratus atau berdesimal dua angka.
Contoh persentase:
# 2 = 2 * 100% = 200%
# 0.2 = 0.2 * 100% = 20%
# 0.76 = 0.76 * 100% = 76%
# 0,057 = 0.057 * 100% = 5.7%
# 0.0075 = 0.0075 * 100% = 0,75% = 3/4%
# 1/2 = 0.5 = 0.5 * 100% = 50%
# 4/5 = 0.8 = 0.8 * 100% = 80%
# 1.5% = = 1.5 * 1/100 = 0.015
# 5% = 5 * 1/100 = 0.05
# 23.5% = 23.5 * 1/100 = 0.235
# 75% = 75 * 1/100 = 0.75
# 1/2% = 1/2 * 1/100 = 0.005
# 3/5% = 3/5 * 1/100 = 0.006
# 3/8% = 3/8 * 1/100 = 0.00375
Contoh soal:
# Berapa hasil 49% dari 500?
# Berapa hasil 62% untuk 465?
# Berapa % hasil dari 3.600 untuk 1.728?
# Jika hasil 45% dari suatu bilangan adalah 81 maka berapa hasil dari 35% dari bilangan tersebut?
# Jika hasil 62% dari 3x adalah 31 maka berapa hasil 24% dari 4x?
jawaban:
# 49% * 500 = 245
# 62% * x = 465 ↔ x = 465 / 62% <br> 465 * 100/62 = 750
# 1.728/3.600 * 100% = 48%
# 45% * A = 81 nah 35% * A = ?. jadi A = 81/45% lalu 35% * 81/45% = 63
# 62% * 3x = 31 menjadi x = 100/62 * 31/3 = 100/6 lalu 24% * 4x = 24% * 4(100/6) = 16
== Bilangan kompleks ==
;1 Bentuk kartesian
bentuk kartesiannya adalah z=x+yi (i=<math>\sqrt{-1}</math>)
koordinatnya adalah (x,y). x adalah bilangan real dan y adalah bilangan imajiner. Bagian real dinyatakan Re(z) dan bagian imajiner dinyatakan Im(z).
; operasi hitung
jika z<sub>1</sub>=x<sub>1</sub>+y<sub>1</sub>i dan z<sub>2</sub>=x<sub>2</sub>+y<sub>2</sub>i maka sebagai berikut:
: Penjumlahan
:: <math>z_1+z_2=(x_1+y_1i)+(x_2+y_2i)=(x_1+x_2)+(y_1+y_2)i</math>
: Pengurangan
:: <math>z_1-z_2=(x_1+y_1i)-(x_2+y_2i)=(x_1-x_2)+(y_1-y_2)i</math>
: Perkalian
:: <math>z_1 \times z_2=(x_1+y_1i) \times (x_2+y_2i)=x_1x_2+x_1y_2i+x_2y_1i+y_1y_2i^2=x_1x_2+(x_1y_2+x_2y_1)i-y_1y_2=(x_1x_2-y_1y_2)+(x_1y_2+x_2y_1)i</math>
: Pembagian
:: <math>\frac{z_1}{z_2} = \frac{x_1+y_1i}{x_2+y_2i} = \frac{x_1+y_1i}{x_2+y_2i} \cdot \frac{x_2+y_2i}{x_2+y_2i} = \frac{x_1x_2+x_1y_2i+x_2y_1i+y_1y_2i^2}{{x_2}^2+2x_2y_2i+({y_2i})^2}=\frac{x_1x_2+(x_1y_2+x_2y_1)i-y_1y_2}{{x_2}^2+2x_2y_2i-{y_2}^2}=\frac{x_1x_2+(x_1y_2+x_2y_1)i-y_1y_2}{({x_2}^2-{y_2}^2)+2x_2y_2i}</math>
: Perkalian skalar
:: kz = k(x+yi) = kx+kyi
: Bernilai -1
:: -1(z) = -z = -(x+yi) = -x-yi
: Invers
:: z<sup>-1</sup> = u + vi dimana u=<math>\frac{x}{x^2+y^2}</math> dan v=<math>\frac{y}{x^2+y^2}</math>
; sifat
* z<sub>1</sub>+z<sub>2</sub>=z<sub>2</sub>+z<sub>1</sub>
* (z<sub>1</sub>+z<sub>2</sub>)+z<sub>3</sub>=z<sub>1</sub>+(z<sub>2</sub>+z<sub>3</sub>)
* z<sub>1</sub>xz<sub>2</sub>=z<sub>2</sub>xz<sub>1</sub>
* (z<sub>1</sub>xz<sub>2</sub>)xz<sub>3</sub>=z<sub>1</sub>x(z<sub>2</sub>xz<sub>3</sub>)
* z<sub>1</sub>x(z<sub>2</sub>+z<sub>3</sub>)=z<sub>1</sub>xz<sub>2</sub>+z<sub>1</sub>xz<sub>3</sub>
* 1(z)=z
* 0(z)=0
* z+(-z)=0
* zxz<sup>-1</sup>=1
; konjugat kompleks sekawan
konjugat kompleks sekawan dari z=x+yi adalah <math>\overline{z}</math>=x-yi yang koordinat adalah (x,-y). adapun memiliki sifat sebagai berikut:
* Teorema 1
** <math>\overline{\overline{z}}</math>=z
** <math>\overline{z^{-1}}=\overline{z}^{-1}</math>
** z+<math>\overline{z}</math>=2Re(z)
** z-<math>\overline{z}</math>=2iIm(z)
** zx<math>\overline{z}</math>=(Re(z))<sup>2</sup>+(Im(z))<sup>2</sup>
* Teorema 2
Jika z bilangan kompleks maka berlaku:
** |z|<sup>2</sup>=(Re(z))<sup>2</sup>+(Im(z))<sup>2</sup>
** |z<sup>2</sup>|=|z|<sup>2</sup>=z.<math>\overline{z}</math>
** |z|=|-z|=|<math>\overline{z}</math>|
** |z|≤|Re(z)|≤Re(z)
** |z|≤|Im(z)|≤Im(z)
Jika z<sub>1</sub>, z<sub>2</sub> maka berlaku:
** |z<sub>1</sub>xz<sub>2</sub>|=|z<sub>1</sub>|x|z<sub>2</sub>|
** <math>|\frac{z_1}{z_2}|=\frac{|z_1|}{|z_2|}</math> untuk |z<sub>2</sub>|≠0
** |z<sub>1</sub>+z<sub>2</sub>|≤|z<sub>1</sub>|+|z<sub>2</sub>|
** |z<sub>1</sub>-z<sub>2</sub>|≥|z<sub>1</sub>|-|z<sub>2</sub>|
** |z<sub>1</sub>-z<sub>2</sub>|=|z<sub>2</sub>-z<sub>1</sub>|
Jika z<sub>1</sub>, z<sub>2</sub> dengan konjugat maka berlaku:
** <math>\overline{z_1+z_2}=\overline{z_1}+\overline{z_2}</math>
** <math>\overline{z_1-z_2}=\overline{z_1}-\overline{z_2}</math>
** <math>\overline{z_1 \times z_2}=\overline{z_1} \times \overline{z_2}</math>
** <math>\overline{(\frac{z_1}{z_2})}=\frac{\overline{z_1}}{\overline{z_2}}</math> untuk <math>\overline{z_2} \neq 0</math>
; Modulus
* jika z=x+yi maka |z|=r=<math>\sqrt{x^2+y^2}</math>
;2 Bentuk kutub (polar)
koordinatnya adalah z=(r,<math>\theta</math>)
hubungan (x,y) dengan (r,<math>\theta</math>) adalah
: x=r cos <math>\theta</math>
: y=r sin <math>\theta</math>
: dengan <math>\theta</math> = arc tan (<math>\frac{y}{x}</math>)
bentuk kutubnya adalah z=(r,<math>\theta</math>)=r(cos <math>\theta</math>+i sin <math>\theta</math>)=r cis <math>\theta</math>
sekawannya adalah <math>\overline{z}</math>=(r,-<math>\theta</math>)=r(cos <math>\theta</math>-i sin <math>\theta</math>)
; argument
Sudut <math>\theta</math> disebut argument z maka ditulis arg z
z=x+yi dan z=r(cos <math>\theta</math>+ i sin <math>\theta</math>) maka x+yi=r(cos <math>\theta</math>+ i sin <math>\theta</math>)
<math>\theta</math> = arc cos (<math>\frac{x}{r}</math>) dan <math>\theta</math> = arc sin (<math>\frac{y}{r}</math>) dimana <math>\theta</math> merupakan irisan bagiannya
Sudut <math>\theta</math> dengan 0≤<math>\theta</math>≤<math>2\pi</math> atau <math>-\pi</math>≤<math>\theta</math>≤<math>\pi</math> disebut argument utama maka ditulis Arg z
;3 Bentuk eksponensial
bentuk eksponensialnya adalah z=re<sup>i<math>\theta</math></sup>
sekawannya adalah <math>\overline{z}</math>=re<sup>-i<math>\theta</math></sup>
: i sin <math>\theta</math>=<math>\frac{e^{i \theta}-e^{-i \theta}}{2}</math>
: cos <math>\theta</math>=<math>\frac{e^{i \theta}+e^{-i \theta}}{2}</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Bentuk bilangan kompleks
|-
! !! Kartesian !! Kutub !! Eksponensial
|-
| z || x+yi || r(cos <math>\theta</math>+i sin <math>\theta</math>) || re<sup>i<math>\theta</math></sup>
|-
| koordinat z || (x,y) || colspan=2 align=center| (r,<math>\theta</math>)
|-
| <math>\overline{z}</math> || x-yi || r(cos <math>\theta</math>-i sin <math>\theta</math>) || re<sup>-i<math>\theta</math></sup>
|-
| koordinat <math>\overline{z}</math> || (x,-y) || colspan=2 align=center| (r,-<math>\theta</math>)
|}
; contoh soal
* Jika z<sub>1</sub>=1+i dan z<sub>2</sub>=3-2i maka tentukan:
: z<sub>1</sub>+z<sub>2</sub>
: z<sub>1</sub>-z<sub>2</sub>
: z<sub>1</sub>xz<sub>2</sub>
: <math>\frac{z_1}{z_2}</math>
: (z<sub>1</sub>)<sup>-1</sup>
: |z<sub>1</sub>|
: |z<sub>2</sub>|
: |z<sub>1</sub>|+|z<sub>2</sub>|
: |z<sub>1</sub>|-|z<sub>2</sub>|
: |z<sub>1</sub>|x|z<sub>2</sub>|
: <math>\frac{|z_1|}{|z_2|}</math>
: |z<sub>1</sub>+z<sub>2</sub>|
: |z<sub>1</sub>-z<sub>2</sub>|
: |z<sub>1</sub>xz<sub>2</sub>|
: |<math>\frac{z_1}{z_2}</math>|
: <math>\overline{z_1}</math>
: <math>\overline{z_2}</math>
: <math>\overline{z_1}</math>+<math>\overline{z_2}</math>
: <math>\overline{z_1}</math>-<math>\overline{z_2}</math>
: <math>\overline{z_1}</math>x<math>\overline{z_2}</math>
: <math>\frac{\overline{z_1}}{\overline{z_2}}</math>
: <math>\overline{z_1+z_2}</math>
: <math>\overline{z_1-z_2}</math>
: <math>\overline{z_1 \times z_2}</math>
: <math>\overline{(\frac{z_1}{z_2})}</math>
: persamaan polarnya dari z<sub>1</sub>
: persamaan eksponensialnya dari z<sub>1</sub>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{align}
* z_1+z_2 \\
z_1+z_2 &= (1+i)+(3-2i) \\
&= 4-i \\
* z_1-z_2 \\
z_1-z_2 &= (1+i)-(3-2i) \\
&= -2+3i \\
* z_1 \times z_2 \\
z_1 \times z_2 &= (1+i)(3-2i) \\
&= 3+i+2 \\
&= 5+i \\
* \frac{z_1}{z_2} \\
\frac{z_1}{z_2} &= \frac{1+i}{3-2i} \\
&= \frac{1+i}{3-2i} \times \frac{3+i}{3+2i} \\
&= \frac{3+4i+i^2}{9+4} \\
&= \frac{2+4i}{13} \\
&= \frac{2}{13}+\frac{4}{13}i \\
* z_1^{-1} \\
z_1^{-1} &= u+vi \\
&= \frac{1^2}{1^2+1^2}+(\frac{1^2}{1^2+1^2})i \\
&= \frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}i \\
* |z_1| \\
|z_1| &= \sqrt{1^2+1^2} \\
&= \sqrt{2} \\
* |z_2| \\
|z_2| &= \sqrt{3^2+(-2)^2} \\
&= \sqrt{13} \\
* |z_1|+|z_2| \\
|z_1|+|z_2| &= \sqrt{2}+\sqrt{13} \\
* |z_1|-|z_2| \\
|z_1|-|z_2| &= \sqrt{2}-\sqrt{13} \\
* |z_1| \times |z_2| \\
|z_1| \times |z_2| &= \sqrt{2} \times \sqrt{13} \\
&= \sqrt{26} \\
* \frac{|z_1|}{|z_2|} \\
\frac{|z_1|}{|z_2|} &= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{13}} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{26}}{13} \\
* |z_1+z_2| \\
|z_1+z_2| &= \sqrt{4^2+(-1)^2} \\
&= \sqrt{17} \\
* |z_1-z_2| \\
|z_1-z_2| &= \sqrt{(-2)^2+3^2} \\
&= \sqrt{13} \\
* |z_1 \times z_2| \\
|z_1 \times z_2| &= \sqrt{5^2+1^2} \\
&= \sqrt{26} \\
* |\frac{z_1}{z_2}| \\
|\frac{z_1}{z_2}| &= \sqrt{(\frac{2}{13})^2+(\frac{4}{13})^2} \\
&= \sqrt{\frac{4}{169}+\frac{16}{169}} \\
&= \sqrt{\frac{20}{169}} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{20}}{13} \\
* \overline{z_1} \\
\overline{z_1} &= 1-i \\
* \overline{z_2} \\
\overline{z_2} &= 3+2i \\
* \overline{z_1}+\overline{z_2} \\
\overline{z_1}+\overline{z_2} &= 1-i+3+2i \\
&= 4+i \\
* \overline{z_1}-\overline{z_2} \\
\overline{z_1}-\overline{z_2} &= 1-i-(3+2i) \\
&= -2-3i \\
* \overline{z_1} \times \overline{z_2} \\
\overline{z_1} \times \overline{z_2} &= (1-i)(3+2i) \\
&= 3-i-2i^2 \\
&= 5-i \\
* \frac{\overline{z_1}}{\overline{z_2}} \\
\frac{\overline{z_1}}{\overline{z_2}} &= \frac{1-i}{3+2i} \\
&= \frac{1-i}{3+2i} \times \frac{3-2i}{3-2i} \\
&= \frac{3-5i+2i^2}{9+4} \\
&= \frac{1-5i}{13} \\
&= \frac{1}{13}-\frac{5}{13}i \\
* \overline{z_1+z_2} \\
\overline{z_1+z_2} &= 4+i \\
* \overline{z_1-z_2} \\
\overline{z_1-z_2} &= -2-3i \\
* \overline{z_1 \times z_2} \\
\overline{z_1 \times z_2} &= 5-i \\
* \overline{(\frac{z_1}{z_2})} \\
\overline{(\frac{z_1}{z_2})} &= \frac{2}{13}-\frac{4}{13}i \\
* z &= r(cos \theta + i sin \theta) \\
1+i &= r cos \theta + ri sin \theta \\
\theta &= arc cos (\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}) \\
\theta &= 45^\circ, 315^\circ \\
\theta &= arc sin (\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}) \\
\theta &= 45^\circ, 135^\circ \\
\text{irisannya adalah } \theta &= 45^\circ \\
z &= r(cos \theta + i sin \theta) \\
&= \sqrt{2}(cos 45^\circ + i sin 45^\circ) \\
* z &= re^{i \theta} \\
\theta &= 45^\circ = \frac{\pi}{4} \\
z &= \sqrt{2}e^{i \frac{\pi}{4}} \\
&= \sqrt{2}e^{\frac{\pi i}{4}} \\
\end{align}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
t56guqowjkw6o78koebyerq47so7og1
Soal-Soal Matematika/Integral
0
23140
114861
113070
2026-04-12T00:56:09Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* integral parsial */
114861
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Kaidah umum ==
:# <math>\int af(x)\,dx = a\int f(x)\,dx \qquad\mbox{(}a \mbox{ konstan)}\,\!</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) + g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx + \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) - g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx - \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int f(x)g(x)\,dx = f(x)\int g(x)\,dx - \int \left[f'(x) \left(\int g(x)\,dx\right)\right]\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x)]^n f'(x)\,dx = {[f(x)]^{n+1} \over n+1} + C \qquad\mbox{(untuk } n\neq -1\mbox{)}\,\! </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x)\over f(x)}\,dx= \ln{\left|f(x)\right|} + C </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x) f(x)}\,dx= {1 \over 2} [ f(x) ]^2 + C </math>
:# <math>\int f(x) \, dx = F(x) + C</math>
:# <math>\int_a^b f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a)</math>
== rumus sederhana ==
:<math>\int \, dx = x + C</math>
:<math>\int x^n\,dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int (ax+b)^n\,dx = \frac{(ax+b)^{n+1}}{a(n+1)} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over x} = \ln{\left|x\right|} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over \sqrt{a^2-b^2 x^2}} = \frac{1}{b} \arcsin \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over {a^2+b^2x^2}} = {1 \over ab}\arctan \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over x\sqrt{b^2x^2-a^2}} = {1 \over a}\arcsec \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
; Eksponen dan logaritma
:<math>\int e^x\,dx = e^x + C</math>
:<math>\int a^x\,dx = \frac{a^x}{\ln{a}} + C</math>
:<math>\int \ln \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, \ln {x} - x + C</math>
:<math>\int \, ^b\!\log \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, ^b\!\log \, x - x \cdot \,^b\!\log e + C</math>
; Trigonometri
:<math>\int \sin \, x \, dx = -\cos \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cos \, x \, dx = \sin \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tan \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \cos \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \cot \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sin \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \sec \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sec \, x + \tan \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \csc \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \csc \, x + \cot \, x \right|} + C</math>
; Hiperbolik
:<math>\int \sinh \, x \, dx = \cosh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cosh \, x \, dx = \sinh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tanh \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \cosh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \coth \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sinh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{sech} \, x \, dx = \arctan \,(\sinh \, x) + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{csch} \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \tanh \, {x \over 2} \right|} + C</math>
== Jenis integral ==
=== integral biasa ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara biasa.
: 1. <math>\int x^3 - cos 3x + e^{5x+2} - \frac{1}{2x+5}\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{1}{3+1}x^{3+1} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^4}{4} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-4x^3(5)+6x^2(25)-4x(125)+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-20x^3+150x^2-500x+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x^5-20x^4+150x^3-500x^2+625x\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{150x^4}{4}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
=== integral substitusi ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi.
: 1. <math>\int \frac{\ln \, x}{x}\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \, x\, du = \frac{dx}{x}</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{\ln(x)}{x} dx \\
\int u du \\
\frac{1}{2} u^2 + C \\
\frac{1}{2} ln^2 x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x-5,\, du = dx,\, x = u+5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4\,dx \\
\int (u+5)u^4\,du \\
\int (u^5+5u^4)\,du \\
\frac{1}{6} u^6+u^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x-5)^6+(x-5)^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x^6-6x^5(5)+15x^4(25)-20x^3(125)+15x^2(625)-6x(3125)+15625)+(x^5-5x^4(5)+10x^3(25)-10x^2(125)+5x(625)+3125) + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-5x^5+\frac{125x^4}{2}-\frac{1250x^3}{3}+\frac{3125x^2}{2}-3125x+\frac{15625}{6}+x^5-25x^4+250x^3-1250x^2+3125x+3125 + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral parsial ===
;Cara 1: Rumus
Integral parsial diselesaikan dengan rumus berikut.
: <math>\int u\,dv = uv - \int v\,du </math>
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan rumus.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
: <math>u = x, du = 1 \, dx, dv = \sin \, x \, dx, v = -\cos \, x</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \,dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - \int (-\cos \, x)(1 dx) \\
-x \cos \, x + \int \cos \, x dx \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x,\, du = 1\,dx,\, dv = (x-5)^4\,dx,\, v = \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - \int (\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5)(1\,dx) \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \int \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5\,dx \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6\,dx \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int 2x \ln \,x\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \,x,\, du = \frac{1}{x}\,dx,\, dv = 2x\,dx,\, v = x^2</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int 2x \ln \,x\, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(x^2) - \int (x^2)(\frac{1}{x}\,dx) \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \int \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5\,dx \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6\,dx \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
;Cara 2: Tabel
Untuk <math display="inline">\int u\,dv</math>, berlaku ketentuan sebagai berikut.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>u</math> || <math>dv</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{du}{dx}</math> || <math>v</math>
|-
| + || <math>\frac{d^2u}{dx^2}</math> || <math>\int v\,dx</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan tabel.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>\sin \, x</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>-\cos \, x</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>-\sin \, x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \, dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - (1)(-\sin \, x) + C \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>(x-5)^4</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - (1)(\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6) + C \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6 + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral pecahan parsial ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial untuk persamaan pecahan (rasional).
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4}</math>
Pertama, pisahkan pecahan tersebut.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; \frac{1}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{(x + 2)(x - 2)} \\
=&\; \frac{A}{x + 2} + \frac{B}{x - 2} \\
=&\; \frac{A(x - 2) + B(x + 2)}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{(A + B)x - 2(A - B)}{x^2 - 4}
\end{aligned}
</math>
Kita tahu bahwa <math display="inline">A + B = 0</math> dan <math display="inline">A - B = -\frac{1}{2}</math> dapat diselesaikan, yaitu <math display="inline">A = -\frac{1}{4}</math> dan {{nowrap|<math display="inline">B = \frac{1}{4}</math>.}}
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \int -\frac{1}{4 (x + 2)} + \frac{1}{4 (x - 2)}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{1}{x - 2} - \frac{1}{x + 2}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} (\ln|x - 2| - \ln|x + 2|) + C \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \ln|\frac{x - 2}{x + 2}| + C
\end{aligned}</math>
=== integral substitusi trigonometri ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Bentuk !! Substitusi Trigonometri
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 - b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sin \, \alpha </math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 + b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} tan \, \alpha</math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{b^2 x^2 - a^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sec \, \alpha</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi trigonometri.
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 \sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math>
: <math>x = 2 \tan \, A, dx = 2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+4}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(2 \tan \, A)^2 \sqrt{4 + (2 \tan \, A)^2}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 + 4 \tan^2 \, A}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4(1 + \tan^2 \, A)}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 \sec^2 \, A }} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(4 \tan^2 \, A)(2 \sec \, A)} \\
=&\; \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{\tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA
\end{aligned}
</math>
Substitusi berikut dapat dibuat.
: <math>\int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA</math>
: <math>t = \sin \, A, dt = \cos \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A}\,dA \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{dt}{t^2} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \left(-\frac{1}{t}\right) + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 t} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
Ingat bahwa <math display="inline">\sin \, A = \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math> berlaku.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}{4x} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
=== integral mutlak ===
: <math>\int |f(x)| \,dA</math>
buatlah <math>f(x) \ge 0</math> jika hasil x adalah lebih dari 0 maka f(x) sedangkan kurang dari 0 maka -f(x)
: <math>\int_a^c |f(x)| \, dx = \int_a^b f(x) \, dx + \int_b^c -f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a) - F(c) + F(b)</math> jika <math>|f(x)| = \begin{cases} f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) \ge b, \\ -f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) < b. \end{cases}</math>. sebelum membuat f(x) dan -f(x) menentukan nilai x sebagai f(x) ≥ 0 untuk batas-batas wilayah yang menempatkan hasil positif (f(x)) dan negatif (-(f(x)) serta hasil integral mutlak tidak mungkin negatif.
=== integral fungsi ganjil dan integral fungsi genap ===
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
dengan mengingat fungsi ganjil dan fungsi genap yaitu f(-x)=-f(x) untuk fungsi ganjil dan f(-x)=f(x) untuk fungsi genap
maka berlaku untuk integral:
: integral fungsi ganjil
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = 0
: integral fungsi genap
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = <math>2 \int_{0}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral notasi ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = \int_{a-p}^{b-p} f(x) \,dx = \int_{a+p}^{b+p} f(x) \,dx</math>
: <math>\int_a^c f(x) \,dx = \int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx + \int_{b}^{c} f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral terbalik ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = -\int_b^a f(x) \,dx</math>
== Jenis integral lainnya ==
=== panjang busur ===
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>S = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>S = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== luas daerah ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x_2) - f(x_1))\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y_2) - f(y_1))\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>L = \frac {D \sqrt{D}}{6 a^2}</math>
=== luas permukaan benda putar ===
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== volume benda putar ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x))^2\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y))^2\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} ((f(x_2))^2 - (f(x_1))^2)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} ((f(y_2))^2 - (f(y_1))^2)\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>V = |\frac {D^2 \sqrt{D}}{30 a^3}|</math>
== Integral lipat ==
Jenis integral lipat yaitu integral lipat dua dan integral lipat tiga.
;contoh
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx</math>
* <math>\int x^2 cos 3x dx</math>
* <math>\int sin^2 x cos x dx</math>
* <math>\int cos^2 x sin x dx</math>
* <math>\int sec x dx</math>
* <math>\int csc x dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{{12+75x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{misalkan } u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
du &= 10x-2 dx \\
&= 2(5x-1) dx \\
\frac{du}{2} &= (5x-1) dx \\
\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx &= \int \frac{1}{2}u^4 du \\
&= \frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{5}u^5 + C \\
&= \frac{1}{10}(5x^2-2x+7)^5 + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{gunakan integral parsial } \\
\int x^2 cos 3x dx &= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x-\frac{2x}{9} (-cos 3x)+\frac{2}{27} (-sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x+\frac{2x}{9} cos 3x-\frac{2}{27} sin 3x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sin x \\
u &= sin x \\
du &= cos x dx \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int u^2 du \\
&= \frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= \frac{sin^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int \frac{1-cos 2x}{2} cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (1-cos 2x) cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-cos 2x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}(cos 3x+cox x) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2}sin x-\frac{1}{6}sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{sin x}{4}-\frac{sin 3x}{12}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int sin x sin x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int sin x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -(cos 3x-cos (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -cos 3x+cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{sin 3x}{3}+sin x)+C \\
&= -\frac{sin 3x}{12}+\frac{sin x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= cos x \\
u &= cos x \\
du &= -sin x dx \\
-du &= sin x dx \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= -\int u^2 du \\
&= -\frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= -\frac{cos^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int \frac{cos 2x+1}{2} sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (cos 2x+1) sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos 2xsin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}(sin 3x-sin x)+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x-\frac{1}{2}sin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x+\frac{1}{2}sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (-\frac{1}{6}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int cos x cos x sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int (sin 3x-sin (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int sin 3x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{cos 3x}{3}-cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int sec x dx &= \int sec x \frac{sec x+tan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sec x+tan x \\
u &= sec x+tan x \\
du &= sec xtan x+sec^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= ln u+C \\
&= ln |sec x+tan x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int csc x dx &= \int csc x \frac{csc x+cot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= csc x+cot x \\
u &= csc x+cot x \\
du &= -csc xcot x-csc^2 x dx \\
-du &= csc xcot x+csc^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= -\int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= -ln u+C \\
&= -ln |csc x+cot x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx &= \int \frac{1}{(2x-3)(x-1)} dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A(x-1)+B(2x-3)}{(2x-3)(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{Ax-A+2Bx-3B}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{(A+2B)x+(-A-3B)}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
\text{cari nilai A dan B dari 0=A+2B dan 1=-A-3B adalah 2 dan -1} \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{2}{(2x-3)}+\frac{-1}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= ln |2x-3|-ln |x-1|+C \\
&= ln |\frac{2x-3}{x-1}|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx \\
x &= \frac{5}{12} sin A \\
dx &= \frac{5}{12} cos A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-288(\frac{5}{12} sin A)^2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-\frac{288 \cdot 25}{144} sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-50 sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50(1-sin^2 A)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50cos^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{5cos A \sqrt{2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} dA \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} \int dA \\
&= A+C \\
A &= arc sin \frac{12x}{5} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} arc sin \frac{12x}{5}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx \\
x &= \frac{2}{5} tan A \\
dx &= \frac{2}{5} sec^2 A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+75(\frac{2}{5} tan A)^2} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+\frac{75 \cdot 4}{25} tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+12 tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 (1+tan^2 A)} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 sec^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{1}{30} dA \\
&= \frac{A}{30}+C \\
A &= arc tan \frac{5x}{2} \\
&= \frac{arc tan \frac{5x}{2}}{30}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx \\
x &= \frac{7}{11} sec A \\
dx &= \frac{7}{11} sec A tan A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{7}{11} sec A tan A}{11(\frac{7}{11} sec A)\sqrt{605(\frac{7}{11} sec A)^2-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A} {11 sec A\sqrt{\frac{605 \cdot 49}{121} sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245(sec^2 A-1)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245tan^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{77\sqrt{5} sec A tan A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{5}}{385} dA \\
&= \frac{A\sqrt{5}}{385}+C \\
A &= arc sec \frac{11x}{7} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{5}arc sec \frac{11x}{7}}{385}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec^2 x \\
\int sec^2 x dx &= tan x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc^2 x \\
\int csc^2 x dx &= -cot x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=sin x, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec x \cdot tan x \\
\int sec x \cdot tan x dx &= sec x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=cos x, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc x \cdot cot x \\
\int csc x \cdot cot x dx &= -csc x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx \\
\text{misalkan } y = \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y &= \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y^2 &= \frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}} \\
&= \frac{x}{y} \\
y^3 &= x \\
3y^2 dy &= dx \\
\int y \cdot 3y^2 dy \\
\int 3y^3 dy \\
\frac{3y^4}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx &= \left. x^2 - 3x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= 10 - (-2) \\
&= 12 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai harga nol } \\
x-2 &= 0 \\
x &= 2 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu kurang dari 2 bernilai - sedangkan minimal dari 2 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x-2| = \begin{cases} x-2, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 2, \\ -(x-2), & \mbox{jika } x < 2. \end{cases} \\
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx &= \int_{2}^{4} x-2 dx + \int_{0}^{2} -(x-2) dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^2}{2}-2x) \right|_{2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{-x^2}{2}+2x) \right|_{0}^{2} \\
&= 0 - (-2) + 2 - 0 \\
&= 4 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
3-x &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
x &= 3 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu lebih dari 3 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari 3 bernilai + berarti } \\
|3-x| = \begin{cases} 3-x, & \mbox{jika } x \le 3, \\ -(3-x), & \mbox{jika } x > 3. \end{cases} \\
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx &= \int_{2}^{3} 3-x dx + \int_{3}^{4} -(3-x) dx \\
&= \left. (3x-\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{2}^{3} + \left. (-3x+\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{3}^{4} \\
&= 4.5 - 4 - 4 - (-4.5) \\
&= 1 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx &= \left. \frac{x^3}{3}-3x^2+8x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= \frac{20}{3} - \frac{16}{3} \\
&= \frac{4}{3} \\
&= 1\frac{1}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
x^2-2x-8 &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
(x+2)(x-4) &= 0 \\
x = -2 \text{ atau } x = 4 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu antara -2 dan 4 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari -2 dan minimal dari 4 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x^2-2x-8| = \begin{cases} x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \le -2, \\ -(x^2-2x-8), & \mbox{jika } -2 < x < 4, \\ x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 4 \end{cases} \\
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx &= \int_{-3}^{-2} x^2-2x-8 dx + \int_{-2}^{4} -(x^2-2x-8) dx + \int_{4}^{5} x^2-2x-8 dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{-3}^{-2} + \left. (\frac{-x^3}{3}+x^2+8x) \right|_{-2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{4}^{5} \\
&= \frac{28}{3} - 6 + \frac{80}{3} - (-\frac{28}{3}) - \frac{70}{3} - (-\frac{80}{3}) \\
&= \frac{128}{3} \\
&= 42\frac{2}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} x^2 \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} xy \quad (y = x)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x^2</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x^2\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} x^3 \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} xy \quad (y = x^2)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = \sqrt{x}</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int \sqrt{x}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} xy \quad (y = \sqrt{x})
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi <math>L = s^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = s \text{ dan titik (''s'', ''s''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{s} s\,dx \\
L &= sx |_{0}^{s} \\
L &= ss - 0 \\
L &= s^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi panjang <math>L = pl</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = l \text{dan titik (''p'', ''l''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{p} l\,dx \\
L &= lx |_{0}^{p} \\
L &= pl - 0 \\
L &= pl
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
* Buktikan luas segitiga <math>L = \frac{at}{2}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{-tx}{a} + t \text { dan titik (''a'', ''t''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{a} \left (\frac{-tx}{a} + t \right) \,dx \\
L &= \left. \frac{-tx^2}{2a} + tx \right|_{0}^{a} \\
L &= \frac{-ta^2}{2a} + ta - 0 + 0 \\
L &= \frac{-ta}{2} + ta \\
L &= \frac{at}{2}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume tabung <math>V = \pi r^2t</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ Dengan posisi } y = r \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} r^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi r^2t - 0 \\
V &= \pi r^2t
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume kerucut <math>V = \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{rx}{t} \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} \left (\frac{rx}{t} \right)^2 \,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. \frac{r^2 x^3}{3t^2} \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi \frac{r^2 t^3}{3t^2} - 0 \\
V &= \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume bola <math>V = \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \left(\sqrt {r^2 - x^2}\right)^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r^2 - x^2 dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x - \frac{x^3}{3} \right|_{-r}^{r} \\
V &= \pi \left (r^3 - \frac{r^3}{3} - \left (-r^3 + \frac{r^3}{3} \right) \right) \\
V &= \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas permukaan bola <math>L = 4 \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), Kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{selanjutnya } \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + \frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
\text{sehingga } \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \cdot \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi rx|_{-r}^{r} \\
L &= 2 \pi (r r - r (-r)) \\
L &= 2 \pi (r^2 + r^2) \\
L &= 4 \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan keliling lingkaran <math>K = 2 \pi r</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0) } \\
\text{kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{sehingga } \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2})}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{1}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \frac{1}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \left. \arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \right|_{0}^{r} \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{r}{r}\right) - \arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) \right) \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin\left (1 \right) - \arcsin \left(0 \right) \right)) \\
K &= 4r \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
K &= 2 \pi r
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas lingkaran <math>L = \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), dibuat trigonometri dan turunannya terlebih dahulu. } \\
\sin(\theta) &= \frac{x}{r} \\
x &= r \sin(\theta) \\
dx &= r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta \\
\text{dengan turunan di atas } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - (r \sin(\theta))^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - r^2 \sin^2(\theta)}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 (1 - \sin^2(\theta))}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta)\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta) (r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta) \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r^2 \cos^2(\theta)\,d\theta \\
L &= 4r^2 \int_{0}^{r} \left(\frac{1 + \cos(2\theta)}{2}\right)\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \int_{0}^{r} (1 + \cos(2\theta))\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\theta + \frac{1}{2} \sin(2\theta) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 (\theta + \sin(\theta) \cos(\theta))|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \left (\frac{r^2 - x^2}{r} \right) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left(\frac{r}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{r}{r} \right) \left (\frac {r^2 - r^2}{r} \right) \right) - \left(\arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{0}{r}\right) \left (\frac{r^2 - 0^2}{r} \right) \right) \\
L &= 2r^2 (\arcsin(1) + 0 - (\arcsin(0) + 0)) \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
L &= \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas elips <math>L = \pi ab</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a} \text{ serta (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0), } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
\text{dengan anggapan bahwa lingkaran mempunyai memotong titik (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0) serta pusatnya setitik dengan pusat elips, } \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{\frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx}{4 \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx} \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{b}{a} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} L_\text{ling} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} \pi a^2 \\
L_\text{elips} &= \pi ab
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa luas daerah yang dibatasi y=x<sup>2</sup>-2x dan y=4x+7!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
x^-2x &= 4x+7 \\
x^2-6x-7 &= 0 \\
(x+1)(x-7) &= 0 \\
x=-1 &\text{ atau } x=7 \\
y &= 4(-1)+7 = 3 \\
y &= 4(7)+7 = 35 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (-1,3) dan (7,35) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
L &= \int_{-1}^{7} 4x+7-(x^2-2x)\,dx \\
&= \int_{-1}^{7} -x^2+6x+7\,dx \\
&= -\frac{x^3}{3}+3x^2+7x|_{-1}^{7} \\
&= -\frac{7^3}{3}+3(7)^2+7(7)-(-\frac{(-1)^3}{3}+3(-1)^2+7(-1)) \\
&= \frac{245}{3}-(-\frac{13}{3}) \\
&= \frac{258}{3} \\
&= 86 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa volume benda putar yang dibatasi y=6-1,5x, y=x-4 dan x=0 mengelilingi sumbu x sejauh 360°!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
6-1,5x &= x-4 \\
2,5x &= 10 \\
x &= 4 \\
y &= 4-4 = 0 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (4,0) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
\text{untuk x=0 } \\
y &= 6-1,5(0) = 6 \\
y &= 0-4 = -4 \\
L &= \pi \int_{0}^{4} ((6-1,5x)^2-(x-4)^2)\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (36-18x+2,25x^2-(x^2-8x+16))\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (1,25x^2-10x+20)\,dx \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25x^3}{3}-5x^2+20x)|_{0}^{4} \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25(4)^3}{3}-5(4)^2+20(4)-(\frac{1,25(0)^3}{3}-5(0)^2+20(0))) \\
&= \pi (\frac{30}{3}-0) \\
&= 10\pi \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
4ti48kufq4hgifk50d20z5wswc4sfj1
114862
114861
2026-04-12T01:02:11Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* integral parsial */
114862
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Kaidah umum ==
:# <math>\int af(x)\,dx = a\int f(x)\,dx \qquad\mbox{(}a \mbox{ konstan)}\,\!</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) + g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx + \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) - g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx - \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int f(x)g(x)\,dx = f(x)\int g(x)\,dx - \int \left[f'(x) \left(\int g(x)\,dx\right)\right]\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x)]^n f'(x)\,dx = {[f(x)]^{n+1} \over n+1} + C \qquad\mbox{(untuk } n\neq -1\mbox{)}\,\! </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x)\over f(x)}\,dx= \ln{\left|f(x)\right|} + C </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x) f(x)}\,dx= {1 \over 2} [ f(x) ]^2 + C </math>
:# <math>\int f(x) \, dx = F(x) + C</math>
:# <math>\int_a^b f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a)</math>
== rumus sederhana ==
:<math>\int \, dx = x + C</math>
:<math>\int x^n\,dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int (ax+b)^n\,dx = \frac{(ax+b)^{n+1}}{a(n+1)} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over x} = \ln{\left|x\right|} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over \sqrt{a^2-b^2 x^2}} = \frac{1}{b} \arcsin \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over {a^2+b^2x^2}} = {1 \over ab}\arctan \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over x\sqrt{b^2x^2-a^2}} = {1 \over a}\arcsec \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
; Eksponen dan logaritma
:<math>\int e^x\,dx = e^x + C</math>
:<math>\int a^x\,dx = \frac{a^x}{\ln{a}} + C</math>
:<math>\int \ln \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, \ln {x} - x + C</math>
:<math>\int \, ^b\!\log \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, ^b\!\log \, x - x \cdot \,^b\!\log e + C</math>
; Trigonometri
:<math>\int \sin \, x \, dx = -\cos \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cos \, x \, dx = \sin \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tan \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \cos \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \cot \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sin \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \sec \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sec \, x + \tan \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \csc \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \csc \, x + \cot \, x \right|} + C</math>
; Hiperbolik
:<math>\int \sinh \, x \, dx = \cosh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cosh \, x \, dx = \sinh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tanh \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \cosh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \coth \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sinh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{sech} \, x \, dx = \arctan \,(\sinh \, x) + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{csch} \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \tanh \, {x \over 2} \right|} + C</math>
== Jenis integral ==
=== integral biasa ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara biasa.
: 1. <math>\int x^3 - cos 3x + e^{5x+2} - \frac{1}{2x+5}\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{1}{3+1}x^{3+1} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^4}{4} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-4x^3(5)+6x^2(25)-4x(125)+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-20x^3+150x^2-500x+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x^5-20x^4+150x^3-500x^2+625x\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{150x^4}{4}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
=== integral substitusi ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi.
: 1. <math>\int \frac{\ln \, x}{x}\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \, x\, du = \frac{dx}{x}</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{\ln(x)}{x} dx \\
\int u du \\
\frac{1}{2} u^2 + C \\
\frac{1}{2} ln^2 x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x-5,\, du = dx,\, x = u+5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4\,dx \\
\int (u+5)u^4\,du \\
\int (u^5+5u^4)\,du \\
\frac{1}{6} u^6+u^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x-5)^6+(x-5)^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x^6-6x^5(5)+15x^4(25)-20x^3(125)+15x^2(625)-6x(3125)+15625)+(x^5-5x^4(5)+10x^3(25)-10x^2(125)+5x(625)+3125) + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-5x^5+\frac{125x^4}{2}-\frac{1250x^3}{3}+\frac{3125x^2}{2}-3125x+\frac{15625}{6}+x^5-25x^4+250x^3-1250x^2+3125x+3125 + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral parsial ===
;Cara 1: Rumus
Integral parsial diselesaikan dengan rumus berikut.
: <math>\int u\,dv = uv - \int v\,du </math>
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan rumus.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
: <math>u = x, du = 1 \, dx, dv = \sin \, x \, dx, v = -\cos \, x</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \,dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - \int (-\cos \, x)(1 dx) \\
-x \cos \, x + \int \cos \, x dx \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x,\, du = 1\,dx,\, dv = (x-5)^4\,dx,\, v = \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - \int (\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5)(1\,dx) \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \int \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5\,dx \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6\,dx \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int 2x \ln \,x\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \,x,\, du = \frac{1}{x}\,dx,\, dv = 2x\,dx,\, v = x^2</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int 2x \ln \,x\, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(x^2) - \int (x^2)(\frac{1}{x}\,dx) \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x^2(\frac{1}{x})\,dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x \,dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{x} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
;Cara 2: Tabel
Untuk <math display="inline">\int u\,dv</math>, berlaku ketentuan sebagai berikut.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>u</math> || <math>dv</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{du}{dx}</math> || <math>v</math>
|-
| + || <math>\frac{d^2u}{dx^2}</math> || <math>\int v\,dx</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan tabel.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>\sin \, x</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>-\cos \, x</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>-\sin \, x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \, dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - (1)(-\sin \, x) + C \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>(x-5)^4</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - (1)(\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6) + C \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6 + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral pecahan parsial ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial untuk persamaan pecahan (rasional).
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4}</math>
Pertama, pisahkan pecahan tersebut.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; \frac{1}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{(x + 2)(x - 2)} \\
=&\; \frac{A}{x + 2} + \frac{B}{x - 2} \\
=&\; \frac{A(x - 2) + B(x + 2)}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{(A + B)x - 2(A - B)}{x^2 - 4}
\end{aligned}
</math>
Kita tahu bahwa <math display="inline">A + B = 0</math> dan <math display="inline">A - B = -\frac{1}{2}</math> dapat diselesaikan, yaitu <math display="inline">A = -\frac{1}{4}</math> dan {{nowrap|<math display="inline">B = \frac{1}{4}</math>.}}
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \int -\frac{1}{4 (x + 2)} + \frac{1}{4 (x - 2)}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{1}{x - 2} - \frac{1}{x + 2}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} (\ln|x - 2| - \ln|x + 2|) + C \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \ln|\frac{x - 2}{x + 2}| + C
\end{aligned}</math>
=== integral substitusi trigonometri ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Bentuk !! Substitusi Trigonometri
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 - b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sin \, \alpha </math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 + b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} tan \, \alpha</math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{b^2 x^2 - a^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sec \, \alpha</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi trigonometri.
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 \sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math>
: <math>x = 2 \tan \, A, dx = 2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+4}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(2 \tan \, A)^2 \sqrt{4 + (2 \tan \, A)^2}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 + 4 \tan^2 \, A}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4(1 + \tan^2 \, A)}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 \sec^2 \, A }} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(4 \tan^2 \, A)(2 \sec \, A)} \\
=&\; \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{\tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA
\end{aligned}
</math>
Substitusi berikut dapat dibuat.
: <math>\int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA</math>
: <math>t = \sin \, A, dt = \cos \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A}\,dA \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{dt}{t^2} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \left(-\frac{1}{t}\right) + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 t} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
Ingat bahwa <math display="inline">\sin \, A = \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math> berlaku.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}{4x} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
=== integral mutlak ===
: <math>\int |f(x)| \,dA</math>
buatlah <math>f(x) \ge 0</math> jika hasil x adalah lebih dari 0 maka f(x) sedangkan kurang dari 0 maka -f(x)
: <math>\int_a^c |f(x)| \, dx = \int_a^b f(x) \, dx + \int_b^c -f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a) - F(c) + F(b)</math> jika <math>|f(x)| = \begin{cases} f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) \ge b, \\ -f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) < b. \end{cases}</math>. sebelum membuat f(x) dan -f(x) menentukan nilai x sebagai f(x) ≥ 0 untuk batas-batas wilayah yang menempatkan hasil positif (f(x)) dan negatif (-(f(x)) serta hasil integral mutlak tidak mungkin negatif.
=== integral fungsi ganjil dan integral fungsi genap ===
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
dengan mengingat fungsi ganjil dan fungsi genap yaitu f(-x)=-f(x) untuk fungsi ganjil dan f(-x)=f(x) untuk fungsi genap
maka berlaku untuk integral:
: integral fungsi ganjil
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = 0
: integral fungsi genap
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = <math>2 \int_{0}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral notasi ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = \int_{a-p}^{b-p} f(x) \,dx = \int_{a+p}^{b+p} f(x) \,dx</math>
: <math>\int_a^c f(x) \,dx = \int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx + \int_{b}^{c} f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral terbalik ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = -\int_b^a f(x) \,dx</math>
== Jenis integral lainnya ==
=== panjang busur ===
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>S = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>S = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== luas daerah ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x_2) - f(x_1))\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y_2) - f(y_1))\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>L = \frac {D \sqrt{D}}{6 a^2}</math>
=== luas permukaan benda putar ===
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== volume benda putar ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x))^2\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y))^2\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} ((f(x_2))^2 - (f(x_1))^2)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} ((f(y_2))^2 - (f(y_1))^2)\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>V = |\frac {D^2 \sqrt{D}}{30 a^3}|</math>
== Integral lipat ==
Jenis integral lipat yaitu integral lipat dua dan integral lipat tiga.
;contoh
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx</math>
* <math>\int x^2 cos 3x dx</math>
* <math>\int sin^2 x cos x dx</math>
* <math>\int cos^2 x sin x dx</math>
* <math>\int sec x dx</math>
* <math>\int csc x dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{{12+75x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{misalkan } u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
du &= 10x-2 dx \\
&= 2(5x-1) dx \\
\frac{du}{2} &= (5x-1) dx \\
\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx &= \int \frac{1}{2}u^4 du \\
&= \frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{5}u^5 + C \\
&= \frac{1}{10}(5x^2-2x+7)^5 + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{gunakan integral parsial } \\
\int x^2 cos 3x dx &= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x-\frac{2x}{9} (-cos 3x)+\frac{2}{27} (-sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x+\frac{2x}{9} cos 3x-\frac{2}{27} sin 3x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sin x \\
u &= sin x \\
du &= cos x dx \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int u^2 du \\
&= \frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= \frac{sin^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int \frac{1-cos 2x}{2} cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (1-cos 2x) cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-cos 2x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}(cos 3x+cox x) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2}sin x-\frac{1}{6}sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{sin x}{4}-\frac{sin 3x}{12}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int sin x sin x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int sin x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -(cos 3x-cos (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -cos 3x+cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{sin 3x}{3}+sin x)+C \\
&= -\frac{sin 3x}{12}+\frac{sin x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= cos x \\
u &= cos x \\
du &= -sin x dx \\
-du &= sin x dx \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= -\int u^2 du \\
&= -\frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= -\frac{cos^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int \frac{cos 2x+1}{2} sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (cos 2x+1) sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos 2xsin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}(sin 3x-sin x)+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x-\frac{1}{2}sin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x+\frac{1}{2}sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (-\frac{1}{6}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int cos x cos x sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int (sin 3x-sin (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int sin 3x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{cos 3x}{3}-cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int sec x dx &= \int sec x \frac{sec x+tan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sec x+tan x \\
u &= sec x+tan x \\
du &= sec xtan x+sec^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= ln u+C \\
&= ln |sec x+tan x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int csc x dx &= \int csc x \frac{csc x+cot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= csc x+cot x \\
u &= csc x+cot x \\
du &= -csc xcot x-csc^2 x dx \\
-du &= csc xcot x+csc^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= -\int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= -ln u+C \\
&= -ln |csc x+cot x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx &= \int \frac{1}{(2x-3)(x-1)} dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A(x-1)+B(2x-3)}{(2x-3)(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{Ax-A+2Bx-3B}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{(A+2B)x+(-A-3B)}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
\text{cari nilai A dan B dari 0=A+2B dan 1=-A-3B adalah 2 dan -1} \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{2}{(2x-3)}+\frac{-1}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= ln |2x-3|-ln |x-1|+C \\
&= ln |\frac{2x-3}{x-1}|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx \\
x &= \frac{5}{12} sin A \\
dx &= \frac{5}{12} cos A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-288(\frac{5}{12} sin A)^2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-\frac{288 \cdot 25}{144} sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-50 sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50(1-sin^2 A)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50cos^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{5cos A \sqrt{2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} dA \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} \int dA \\
&= A+C \\
A &= arc sin \frac{12x}{5} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} arc sin \frac{12x}{5}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx \\
x &= \frac{2}{5} tan A \\
dx &= \frac{2}{5} sec^2 A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+75(\frac{2}{5} tan A)^2} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+\frac{75 \cdot 4}{25} tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+12 tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 (1+tan^2 A)} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 sec^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{1}{30} dA \\
&= \frac{A}{30}+C \\
A &= arc tan \frac{5x}{2} \\
&= \frac{arc tan \frac{5x}{2}}{30}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx \\
x &= \frac{7}{11} sec A \\
dx &= \frac{7}{11} sec A tan A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{7}{11} sec A tan A}{11(\frac{7}{11} sec A)\sqrt{605(\frac{7}{11} sec A)^2-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A} {11 sec A\sqrt{\frac{605 \cdot 49}{121} sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245(sec^2 A-1)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245tan^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{77\sqrt{5} sec A tan A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{5}}{385} dA \\
&= \frac{A\sqrt{5}}{385}+C \\
A &= arc sec \frac{11x}{7} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{5}arc sec \frac{11x}{7}}{385}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec^2 x \\
\int sec^2 x dx &= tan x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc^2 x \\
\int csc^2 x dx &= -cot x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=sin x, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec x \cdot tan x \\
\int sec x \cdot tan x dx &= sec x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=cos x, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc x \cdot cot x \\
\int csc x \cdot cot x dx &= -csc x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx \\
\text{misalkan } y = \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y &= \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y^2 &= \frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}} \\
&= \frac{x}{y} \\
y^3 &= x \\
3y^2 dy &= dx \\
\int y \cdot 3y^2 dy \\
\int 3y^3 dy \\
\frac{3y^4}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx &= \left. x^2 - 3x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= 10 - (-2) \\
&= 12 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai harga nol } \\
x-2 &= 0 \\
x &= 2 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu kurang dari 2 bernilai - sedangkan minimal dari 2 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x-2| = \begin{cases} x-2, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 2, \\ -(x-2), & \mbox{jika } x < 2. \end{cases} \\
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx &= \int_{2}^{4} x-2 dx + \int_{0}^{2} -(x-2) dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^2}{2}-2x) \right|_{2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{-x^2}{2}+2x) \right|_{0}^{2} \\
&= 0 - (-2) + 2 - 0 \\
&= 4 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
3-x &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
x &= 3 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu lebih dari 3 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari 3 bernilai + berarti } \\
|3-x| = \begin{cases} 3-x, & \mbox{jika } x \le 3, \\ -(3-x), & \mbox{jika } x > 3. \end{cases} \\
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx &= \int_{2}^{3} 3-x dx + \int_{3}^{4} -(3-x) dx \\
&= \left. (3x-\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{2}^{3} + \left. (-3x+\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{3}^{4} \\
&= 4.5 - 4 - 4 - (-4.5) \\
&= 1 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx &= \left. \frac{x^3}{3}-3x^2+8x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= \frac{20}{3} - \frac{16}{3} \\
&= \frac{4}{3} \\
&= 1\frac{1}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
x^2-2x-8 &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
(x+2)(x-4) &= 0 \\
x = -2 \text{ atau } x = 4 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu antara -2 dan 4 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari -2 dan minimal dari 4 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x^2-2x-8| = \begin{cases} x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \le -2, \\ -(x^2-2x-8), & \mbox{jika } -2 < x < 4, \\ x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 4 \end{cases} \\
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx &= \int_{-3}^{-2} x^2-2x-8 dx + \int_{-2}^{4} -(x^2-2x-8) dx + \int_{4}^{5} x^2-2x-8 dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{-3}^{-2} + \left. (\frac{-x^3}{3}+x^2+8x) \right|_{-2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{4}^{5} \\
&= \frac{28}{3} - 6 + \frac{80}{3} - (-\frac{28}{3}) - \frac{70}{3} - (-\frac{80}{3}) \\
&= \frac{128}{3} \\
&= 42\frac{2}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} x^2 \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} xy \quad (y = x)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x^2</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x^2\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} x^3 \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} xy \quad (y = x^2)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = \sqrt{x}</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int \sqrt{x}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} xy \quad (y = \sqrt{x})
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi <math>L = s^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = s \text{ dan titik (''s'', ''s''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{s} s\,dx \\
L &= sx |_{0}^{s} \\
L &= ss - 0 \\
L &= s^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi panjang <math>L = pl</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = l \text{dan titik (''p'', ''l''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{p} l\,dx \\
L &= lx |_{0}^{p} \\
L &= pl - 0 \\
L &= pl
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
* Buktikan luas segitiga <math>L = \frac{at}{2}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{-tx}{a} + t \text { dan titik (''a'', ''t''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{a} \left (\frac{-tx}{a} + t \right) \,dx \\
L &= \left. \frac{-tx^2}{2a} + tx \right|_{0}^{a} \\
L &= \frac{-ta^2}{2a} + ta - 0 + 0 \\
L &= \frac{-ta}{2} + ta \\
L &= \frac{at}{2}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume tabung <math>V = \pi r^2t</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ Dengan posisi } y = r \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} r^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi r^2t - 0 \\
V &= \pi r^2t
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume kerucut <math>V = \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{rx}{t} \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} \left (\frac{rx}{t} \right)^2 \,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. \frac{r^2 x^3}{3t^2} \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi \frac{r^2 t^3}{3t^2} - 0 \\
V &= \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume bola <math>V = \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \left(\sqrt {r^2 - x^2}\right)^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r^2 - x^2 dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x - \frac{x^3}{3} \right|_{-r}^{r} \\
V &= \pi \left (r^3 - \frac{r^3}{3} - \left (-r^3 + \frac{r^3}{3} \right) \right) \\
V &= \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas permukaan bola <math>L = 4 \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), Kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{selanjutnya } \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + \frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
\text{sehingga } \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \cdot \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi rx|_{-r}^{r} \\
L &= 2 \pi (r r - r (-r)) \\
L &= 2 \pi (r^2 + r^2) \\
L &= 4 \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan keliling lingkaran <math>K = 2 \pi r</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0) } \\
\text{kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{sehingga } \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2})}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{1}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \frac{1}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \left. \arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \right|_{0}^{r} \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{r}{r}\right) - \arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) \right) \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin\left (1 \right) - \arcsin \left(0 \right) \right)) \\
K &= 4r \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
K &= 2 \pi r
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas lingkaran <math>L = \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), dibuat trigonometri dan turunannya terlebih dahulu. } \\
\sin(\theta) &= \frac{x}{r} \\
x &= r \sin(\theta) \\
dx &= r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta \\
\text{dengan turunan di atas } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - (r \sin(\theta))^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - r^2 \sin^2(\theta)}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 (1 - \sin^2(\theta))}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta)\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta) (r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta) \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r^2 \cos^2(\theta)\,d\theta \\
L &= 4r^2 \int_{0}^{r} \left(\frac{1 + \cos(2\theta)}{2}\right)\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \int_{0}^{r} (1 + \cos(2\theta))\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\theta + \frac{1}{2} \sin(2\theta) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 (\theta + \sin(\theta) \cos(\theta))|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \left (\frac{r^2 - x^2}{r} \right) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left(\frac{r}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{r}{r} \right) \left (\frac {r^2 - r^2}{r} \right) \right) - \left(\arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{0}{r}\right) \left (\frac{r^2 - 0^2}{r} \right) \right) \\
L &= 2r^2 (\arcsin(1) + 0 - (\arcsin(0) + 0)) \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
L &= \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas elips <math>L = \pi ab</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a} \text{ serta (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0), } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
\text{dengan anggapan bahwa lingkaran mempunyai memotong titik (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0) serta pusatnya setitik dengan pusat elips, } \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{\frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx}{4 \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx} \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{b}{a} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} L_\text{ling} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} \pi a^2 \\
L_\text{elips} &= \pi ab
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa luas daerah yang dibatasi y=x<sup>2</sup>-2x dan y=4x+7!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
x^-2x &= 4x+7 \\
x^2-6x-7 &= 0 \\
(x+1)(x-7) &= 0 \\
x=-1 &\text{ atau } x=7 \\
y &= 4(-1)+7 = 3 \\
y &= 4(7)+7 = 35 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (-1,3) dan (7,35) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
L &= \int_{-1}^{7} 4x+7-(x^2-2x)\,dx \\
&= \int_{-1}^{7} -x^2+6x+7\,dx \\
&= -\frac{x^3}{3}+3x^2+7x|_{-1}^{7} \\
&= -\frac{7^3}{3}+3(7)^2+7(7)-(-\frac{(-1)^3}{3}+3(-1)^2+7(-1)) \\
&= \frac{245}{3}-(-\frac{13}{3}) \\
&= \frac{258}{3} \\
&= 86 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa volume benda putar yang dibatasi y=6-1,5x, y=x-4 dan x=0 mengelilingi sumbu x sejauh 360°!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
6-1,5x &= x-4 \\
2,5x &= 10 \\
x &= 4 \\
y &= 4-4 = 0 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (4,0) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
\text{untuk x=0 } \\
y &= 6-1,5(0) = 6 \\
y &= 0-4 = -4 \\
L &= \pi \int_{0}^{4} ((6-1,5x)^2-(x-4)^2)\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (36-18x+2,25x^2-(x^2-8x+16))\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (1,25x^2-10x+20)\,dx \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25x^3}{3}-5x^2+20x)|_{0}^{4} \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25(4)^3}{3}-5(4)^2+20(4)-(\frac{1,25(0)^3}{3}-5(0)^2+20(0))) \\
&= \pi (\frac{30}{3}-0) \\
&= 10\pi \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
59gh5b3o0z0bayb4twi5u6tb5k83y5a
114863
114862
2026-04-12T01:05:50Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* integral parsial */
114863
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Kaidah umum ==
:# <math>\int af(x)\,dx = a\int f(x)\,dx \qquad\mbox{(}a \mbox{ konstan)}\,\!</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) + g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx + \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) - g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx - \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int f(x)g(x)\,dx = f(x)\int g(x)\,dx - \int \left[f'(x) \left(\int g(x)\,dx\right)\right]\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x)]^n f'(x)\,dx = {[f(x)]^{n+1} \over n+1} + C \qquad\mbox{(untuk } n\neq -1\mbox{)}\,\! </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x)\over f(x)}\,dx= \ln{\left|f(x)\right|} + C </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x) f(x)}\,dx= {1 \over 2} [ f(x) ]^2 + C </math>
:# <math>\int f(x) \, dx = F(x) + C</math>
:# <math>\int_a^b f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a)</math>
== rumus sederhana ==
:<math>\int \, dx = x + C</math>
:<math>\int x^n\,dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int (ax+b)^n\,dx = \frac{(ax+b)^{n+1}}{a(n+1)} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over x} = \ln{\left|x\right|} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over \sqrt{a^2-b^2 x^2}} = \frac{1}{b} \arcsin \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over {a^2+b^2x^2}} = {1 \over ab}\arctan \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over x\sqrt{b^2x^2-a^2}} = {1 \over a}\arcsec \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
; Eksponen dan logaritma
:<math>\int e^x\,dx = e^x + C</math>
:<math>\int a^x\,dx = \frac{a^x}{\ln{a}} + C</math>
:<math>\int \ln \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, \ln {x} - x + C</math>
:<math>\int \, ^b\!\log \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, ^b\!\log \, x - x \cdot \,^b\!\log e + C</math>
; Trigonometri
:<math>\int \sin \, x \, dx = -\cos \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cos \, x \, dx = \sin \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tan \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \cos \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \cot \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sin \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \sec \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sec \, x + \tan \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \csc \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \csc \, x + \cot \, x \right|} + C</math>
; Hiperbolik
:<math>\int \sinh \, x \, dx = \cosh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cosh \, x \, dx = \sinh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tanh \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \cosh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \coth \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sinh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{sech} \, x \, dx = \arctan \,(\sinh \, x) + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{csch} \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \tanh \, {x \over 2} \right|} + C</math>
== Jenis integral ==
=== integral biasa ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara biasa.
: 1. <math>\int x^3 - cos 3x + e^{5x+2} - \frac{1}{2x+5}\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{1}{3+1}x^{3+1} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^4}{4} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-4x^3(5)+6x^2(25)-4x(125)+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-20x^3+150x^2-500x+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x^5-20x^4+150x^3-500x^2+625x\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{150x^4}{4}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
=== integral substitusi ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi.
: 1. <math>\int \frac{\ln \, x}{x}\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \, x\, du = \frac{dx}{x}</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{\ln(x)}{x} dx \\
\int u du \\
\frac{1}{2} u^2 + C \\
\frac{1}{2} ln^2 x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x-5,\, du = dx,\, x = u+5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4\,dx \\
\int (u+5)u^4\,du \\
\int (u^5+5u^4)\,du \\
\frac{1}{6} u^6+u^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x-5)^6+(x-5)^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x^6-6x^5(5)+15x^4(25)-20x^3(125)+15x^2(625)-6x(3125)+15625)+(x^5-5x^4(5)+10x^3(25)-10x^2(125)+5x(625)+3125) + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-5x^5+\frac{125x^4}{2}-\frac{1250x^3}{3}+\frac{3125x^2}{2}-3125x+\frac{15625}{6}+x^5-25x^4+250x^3-1250x^2+3125x+3125 + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral parsial ===
;Cara 1: Rumus
Integral parsial diselesaikan dengan rumus berikut.
: <math>\int u\,dv = uv - \int v\,du </math>
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan rumus.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
: <math>u = x, du = 1 \, dx, dv = \sin \, x \, dx, v = -\cos \, x</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \,dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - \int (-\cos \, x)(1 dx) \\
-x \cos \, x + \int \cos \, x dx \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x,\, du = 1\,dx,\, dv = (x-5)^4\,dx,\, v = \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - \int (\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5)(1\,dx) \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \int \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5\,dx \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6\,dx \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int 2x \ln \,x\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \,x,\, du = \frac{1}{x}\,dx,\, dv = 2x\,dx,\, v = x^2</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int 2x \ln \,x\, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(x^2) - \int (x^2)(\frac{1}{x}\,dx) \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x^2(\frac{1}{x})\,dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x \,dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
;Cara 2: Tabel
Untuk <math display="inline">\int u\,dv</math>, berlaku ketentuan sebagai berikut.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>u</math> || <math>dv</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{du}{dx}</math> || <math>v</math>
|-
| + || <math>\frac{d^2u}{dx^2}</math> || <math>\int v\,dx</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan tabel.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>\sin \, x</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>-\cos \, x</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>-\sin \, x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \, dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - (1)(-\sin \, x) + C \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>(x-5)^4</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - (1)(\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6) + C \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6 + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int 2x \ln \,x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>\ln \,x</math> || <math>2x</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{1}{x}</math> || <math>x^2</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - (1)(\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6) + C \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6 + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral pecahan parsial ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial untuk persamaan pecahan (rasional).
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4}</math>
Pertama, pisahkan pecahan tersebut.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; \frac{1}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{(x + 2)(x - 2)} \\
=&\; \frac{A}{x + 2} + \frac{B}{x - 2} \\
=&\; \frac{A(x - 2) + B(x + 2)}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{(A + B)x - 2(A - B)}{x^2 - 4}
\end{aligned}
</math>
Kita tahu bahwa <math display="inline">A + B = 0</math> dan <math display="inline">A - B = -\frac{1}{2}</math> dapat diselesaikan, yaitu <math display="inline">A = -\frac{1}{4}</math> dan {{nowrap|<math display="inline">B = \frac{1}{4}</math>.}}
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \int -\frac{1}{4 (x + 2)} + \frac{1}{4 (x - 2)}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{1}{x - 2} - \frac{1}{x + 2}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} (\ln|x - 2| - \ln|x + 2|) + C \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \ln|\frac{x - 2}{x + 2}| + C
\end{aligned}</math>
=== integral substitusi trigonometri ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Bentuk !! Substitusi Trigonometri
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 - b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sin \, \alpha </math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 + b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} tan \, \alpha</math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{b^2 x^2 - a^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sec \, \alpha</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi trigonometri.
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 \sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math>
: <math>x = 2 \tan \, A, dx = 2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+4}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(2 \tan \, A)^2 \sqrt{4 + (2 \tan \, A)^2}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 + 4 \tan^2 \, A}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4(1 + \tan^2 \, A)}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 \sec^2 \, A }} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(4 \tan^2 \, A)(2 \sec \, A)} \\
=&\; \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{\tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA
\end{aligned}
</math>
Substitusi berikut dapat dibuat.
: <math>\int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA</math>
: <math>t = \sin \, A, dt = \cos \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A}\,dA \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{dt}{t^2} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \left(-\frac{1}{t}\right) + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 t} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
Ingat bahwa <math display="inline">\sin \, A = \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math> berlaku.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}{4x} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
=== integral mutlak ===
: <math>\int |f(x)| \,dA</math>
buatlah <math>f(x) \ge 0</math> jika hasil x adalah lebih dari 0 maka f(x) sedangkan kurang dari 0 maka -f(x)
: <math>\int_a^c |f(x)| \, dx = \int_a^b f(x) \, dx + \int_b^c -f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a) - F(c) + F(b)</math> jika <math>|f(x)| = \begin{cases} f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) \ge b, \\ -f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) < b. \end{cases}</math>. sebelum membuat f(x) dan -f(x) menentukan nilai x sebagai f(x) ≥ 0 untuk batas-batas wilayah yang menempatkan hasil positif (f(x)) dan negatif (-(f(x)) serta hasil integral mutlak tidak mungkin negatif.
=== integral fungsi ganjil dan integral fungsi genap ===
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
dengan mengingat fungsi ganjil dan fungsi genap yaitu f(-x)=-f(x) untuk fungsi ganjil dan f(-x)=f(x) untuk fungsi genap
maka berlaku untuk integral:
: integral fungsi ganjil
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = 0
: integral fungsi genap
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = <math>2 \int_{0}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral notasi ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = \int_{a-p}^{b-p} f(x) \,dx = \int_{a+p}^{b+p} f(x) \,dx</math>
: <math>\int_a^c f(x) \,dx = \int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx + \int_{b}^{c} f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral terbalik ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = -\int_b^a f(x) \,dx</math>
== Jenis integral lainnya ==
=== panjang busur ===
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>S = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>S = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== luas daerah ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x_2) - f(x_1))\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y_2) - f(y_1))\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>L = \frac {D \sqrt{D}}{6 a^2}</math>
=== luas permukaan benda putar ===
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== volume benda putar ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x))^2\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y))^2\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} ((f(x_2))^2 - (f(x_1))^2)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} ((f(y_2))^2 - (f(y_1))^2)\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>V = |\frac {D^2 \sqrt{D}}{30 a^3}|</math>
== Integral lipat ==
Jenis integral lipat yaitu integral lipat dua dan integral lipat tiga.
;contoh
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx</math>
* <math>\int x^2 cos 3x dx</math>
* <math>\int sin^2 x cos x dx</math>
* <math>\int cos^2 x sin x dx</math>
* <math>\int sec x dx</math>
* <math>\int csc x dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{{12+75x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{misalkan } u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
du &= 10x-2 dx \\
&= 2(5x-1) dx \\
\frac{du}{2} &= (5x-1) dx \\
\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx &= \int \frac{1}{2}u^4 du \\
&= \frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{5}u^5 + C \\
&= \frac{1}{10}(5x^2-2x+7)^5 + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{gunakan integral parsial } \\
\int x^2 cos 3x dx &= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x-\frac{2x}{9} (-cos 3x)+\frac{2}{27} (-sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x+\frac{2x}{9} cos 3x-\frac{2}{27} sin 3x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sin x \\
u &= sin x \\
du &= cos x dx \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int u^2 du \\
&= \frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= \frac{sin^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int \frac{1-cos 2x}{2} cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (1-cos 2x) cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-cos 2x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}(cos 3x+cox x) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2}sin x-\frac{1}{6}sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{sin x}{4}-\frac{sin 3x}{12}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int sin x sin x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int sin x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -(cos 3x-cos (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -cos 3x+cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{sin 3x}{3}+sin x)+C \\
&= -\frac{sin 3x}{12}+\frac{sin x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= cos x \\
u &= cos x \\
du &= -sin x dx \\
-du &= sin x dx \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= -\int u^2 du \\
&= -\frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= -\frac{cos^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int \frac{cos 2x+1}{2} sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (cos 2x+1) sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos 2xsin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}(sin 3x-sin x)+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x-\frac{1}{2}sin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x+\frac{1}{2}sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (-\frac{1}{6}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int cos x cos x sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int (sin 3x-sin (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int sin 3x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{cos 3x}{3}-cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int sec x dx &= \int sec x \frac{sec x+tan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sec x+tan x \\
u &= sec x+tan x \\
du &= sec xtan x+sec^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= ln u+C \\
&= ln |sec x+tan x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int csc x dx &= \int csc x \frac{csc x+cot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= csc x+cot x \\
u &= csc x+cot x \\
du &= -csc xcot x-csc^2 x dx \\
-du &= csc xcot x+csc^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= -\int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= -ln u+C \\
&= -ln |csc x+cot x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx &= \int \frac{1}{(2x-3)(x-1)} dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A(x-1)+B(2x-3)}{(2x-3)(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{Ax-A+2Bx-3B}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{(A+2B)x+(-A-3B)}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
\text{cari nilai A dan B dari 0=A+2B dan 1=-A-3B adalah 2 dan -1} \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{2}{(2x-3)}+\frac{-1}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= ln |2x-3|-ln |x-1|+C \\
&= ln |\frac{2x-3}{x-1}|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx \\
x &= \frac{5}{12} sin A \\
dx &= \frac{5}{12} cos A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-288(\frac{5}{12} sin A)^2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-\frac{288 \cdot 25}{144} sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-50 sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50(1-sin^2 A)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50cos^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{5cos A \sqrt{2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} dA \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} \int dA \\
&= A+C \\
A &= arc sin \frac{12x}{5} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} arc sin \frac{12x}{5}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx \\
x &= \frac{2}{5} tan A \\
dx &= \frac{2}{5} sec^2 A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+75(\frac{2}{5} tan A)^2} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+\frac{75 \cdot 4}{25} tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+12 tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 (1+tan^2 A)} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 sec^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{1}{30} dA \\
&= \frac{A}{30}+C \\
A &= arc tan \frac{5x}{2} \\
&= \frac{arc tan \frac{5x}{2}}{30}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx \\
x &= \frac{7}{11} sec A \\
dx &= \frac{7}{11} sec A tan A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{7}{11} sec A tan A}{11(\frac{7}{11} sec A)\sqrt{605(\frac{7}{11} sec A)^2-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A} {11 sec A\sqrt{\frac{605 \cdot 49}{121} sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245(sec^2 A-1)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245tan^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{77\sqrt{5} sec A tan A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{5}}{385} dA \\
&= \frac{A\sqrt{5}}{385}+C \\
A &= arc sec \frac{11x}{7} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{5}arc sec \frac{11x}{7}}{385}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec^2 x \\
\int sec^2 x dx &= tan x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc^2 x \\
\int csc^2 x dx &= -cot x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=sin x, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec x \cdot tan x \\
\int sec x \cdot tan x dx &= sec x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=cos x, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc x \cdot cot x \\
\int csc x \cdot cot x dx &= -csc x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx \\
\text{misalkan } y = \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y &= \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y^2 &= \frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}} \\
&= \frac{x}{y} \\
y^3 &= x \\
3y^2 dy &= dx \\
\int y \cdot 3y^2 dy \\
\int 3y^3 dy \\
\frac{3y^4}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx &= \left. x^2 - 3x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= 10 - (-2) \\
&= 12 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai harga nol } \\
x-2 &= 0 \\
x &= 2 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu kurang dari 2 bernilai - sedangkan minimal dari 2 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x-2| = \begin{cases} x-2, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 2, \\ -(x-2), & \mbox{jika } x < 2. \end{cases} \\
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx &= \int_{2}^{4} x-2 dx + \int_{0}^{2} -(x-2) dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^2}{2}-2x) \right|_{2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{-x^2}{2}+2x) \right|_{0}^{2} \\
&= 0 - (-2) + 2 - 0 \\
&= 4 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
3-x &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
x &= 3 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu lebih dari 3 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari 3 bernilai + berarti } \\
|3-x| = \begin{cases} 3-x, & \mbox{jika } x \le 3, \\ -(3-x), & \mbox{jika } x > 3. \end{cases} \\
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx &= \int_{2}^{3} 3-x dx + \int_{3}^{4} -(3-x) dx \\
&= \left. (3x-\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{2}^{3} + \left. (-3x+\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{3}^{4} \\
&= 4.5 - 4 - 4 - (-4.5) \\
&= 1 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx &= \left. \frac{x^3}{3}-3x^2+8x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= \frac{20}{3} - \frac{16}{3} \\
&= \frac{4}{3} \\
&= 1\frac{1}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
x^2-2x-8 &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
(x+2)(x-4) &= 0 \\
x = -2 \text{ atau } x = 4 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu antara -2 dan 4 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari -2 dan minimal dari 4 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x^2-2x-8| = \begin{cases} x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \le -2, \\ -(x^2-2x-8), & \mbox{jika } -2 < x < 4, \\ x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 4 \end{cases} \\
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx &= \int_{-3}^{-2} x^2-2x-8 dx + \int_{-2}^{4} -(x^2-2x-8) dx + \int_{4}^{5} x^2-2x-8 dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{-3}^{-2} + \left. (\frac{-x^3}{3}+x^2+8x) \right|_{-2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{4}^{5} \\
&= \frac{28}{3} - 6 + \frac{80}{3} - (-\frac{28}{3}) - \frac{70}{3} - (-\frac{80}{3}) \\
&= \frac{128}{3} \\
&= 42\frac{2}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} x^2 \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} xy \quad (y = x)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x^2</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x^2\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} x^3 \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} xy \quad (y = x^2)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = \sqrt{x}</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int \sqrt{x}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} xy \quad (y = \sqrt{x})
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi <math>L = s^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = s \text{ dan titik (''s'', ''s''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{s} s\,dx \\
L &= sx |_{0}^{s} \\
L &= ss - 0 \\
L &= s^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi panjang <math>L = pl</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = l \text{dan titik (''p'', ''l''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{p} l\,dx \\
L &= lx |_{0}^{p} \\
L &= pl - 0 \\
L &= pl
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
* Buktikan luas segitiga <math>L = \frac{at}{2}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{-tx}{a} + t \text { dan titik (''a'', ''t''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{a} \left (\frac{-tx}{a} + t \right) \,dx \\
L &= \left. \frac{-tx^2}{2a} + tx \right|_{0}^{a} \\
L &= \frac{-ta^2}{2a} + ta - 0 + 0 \\
L &= \frac{-ta}{2} + ta \\
L &= \frac{at}{2}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume tabung <math>V = \pi r^2t</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ Dengan posisi } y = r \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} r^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi r^2t - 0 \\
V &= \pi r^2t
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume kerucut <math>V = \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{rx}{t} \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} \left (\frac{rx}{t} \right)^2 \,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. \frac{r^2 x^3}{3t^2} \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi \frac{r^2 t^3}{3t^2} - 0 \\
V &= \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume bola <math>V = \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \left(\sqrt {r^2 - x^2}\right)^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r^2 - x^2 dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x - \frac{x^3}{3} \right|_{-r}^{r} \\
V &= \pi \left (r^3 - \frac{r^3}{3} - \left (-r^3 + \frac{r^3}{3} \right) \right) \\
V &= \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas permukaan bola <math>L = 4 \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), Kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{selanjutnya } \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + \frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
\text{sehingga } \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \cdot \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi rx|_{-r}^{r} \\
L &= 2 \pi (r r - r (-r)) \\
L &= 2 \pi (r^2 + r^2) \\
L &= 4 \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan keliling lingkaran <math>K = 2 \pi r</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0) } \\
\text{kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{sehingga } \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2})}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{1}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \frac{1}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \left. \arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \right|_{0}^{r} \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{r}{r}\right) - \arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) \right) \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin\left (1 \right) - \arcsin \left(0 \right) \right)) \\
K &= 4r \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
K &= 2 \pi r
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas lingkaran <math>L = \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), dibuat trigonometri dan turunannya terlebih dahulu. } \\
\sin(\theta) &= \frac{x}{r} \\
x &= r \sin(\theta) \\
dx &= r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta \\
\text{dengan turunan di atas } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - (r \sin(\theta))^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - r^2 \sin^2(\theta)}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 (1 - \sin^2(\theta))}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta)\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta) (r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta) \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r^2 \cos^2(\theta)\,d\theta \\
L &= 4r^2 \int_{0}^{r} \left(\frac{1 + \cos(2\theta)}{2}\right)\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \int_{0}^{r} (1 + \cos(2\theta))\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\theta + \frac{1}{2} \sin(2\theta) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 (\theta + \sin(\theta) \cos(\theta))|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \left (\frac{r^2 - x^2}{r} \right) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left(\frac{r}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{r}{r} \right) \left (\frac {r^2 - r^2}{r} \right) \right) - \left(\arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{0}{r}\right) \left (\frac{r^2 - 0^2}{r} \right) \right) \\
L &= 2r^2 (\arcsin(1) + 0 - (\arcsin(0) + 0)) \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
L &= \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas elips <math>L = \pi ab</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a} \text{ serta (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0), } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
\text{dengan anggapan bahwa lingkaran mempunyai memotong titik (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0) serta pusatnya setitik dengan pusat elips, } \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{\frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx}{4 \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx} \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{b}{a} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} L_\text{ling} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} \pi a^2 \\
L_\text{elips} &= \pi ab
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa luas daerah yang dibatasi y=x<sup>2</sup>-2x dan y=4x+7!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
x^-2x &= 4x+7 \\
x^2-6x-7 &= 0 \\
(x+1)(x-7) &= 0 \\
x=-1 &\text{ atau } x=7 \\
y &= 4(-1)+7 = 3 \\
y &= 4(7)+7 = 35 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (-1,3) dan (7,35) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
L &= \int_{-1}^{7} 4x+7-(x^2-2x)\,dx \\
&= \int_{-1}^{7} -x^2+6x+7\,dx \\
&= -\frac{x^3}{3}+3x^2+7x|_{-1}^{7} \\
&= -\frac{7^3}{3}+3(7)^2+7(7)-(-\frac{(-1)^3}{3}+3(-1)^2+7(-1)) \\
&= \frac{245}{3}-(-\frac{13}{3}) \\
&= \frac{258}{3} \\
&= 86 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa volume benda putar yang dibatasi y=6-1,5x, y=x-4 dan x=0 mengelilingi sumbu x sejauh 360°!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
6-1,5x &= x-4 \\
2,5x &= 10 \\
x &= 4 \\
y &= 4-4 = 0 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (4,0) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
\text{untuk x=0 } \\
y &= 6-1,5(0) = 6 \\
y &= 0-4 = -4 \\
L &= \pi \int_{0}^{4} ((6-1,5x)^2-(x-4)^2)\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (36-18x+2,25x^2-(x^2-8x+16))\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (1,25x^2-10x+20)\,dx \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25x^3}{3}-5x^2+20x)|_{0}^{4} \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25(4)^3}{3}-5(4)^2+20(4)-(\frac{1,25(0)^3}{3}-5(0)^2+20(0))) \\
&= \pi (\frac{30}{3}-0) \\
&= 10\pi \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
d072nkzb28p6d83dfzyjoemhsupcmcl
114864
114863
2026-04-12T01:13:48Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* integral parsial */
114864
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Kaidah umum ==
:# <math>\int af(x)\,dx = a\int f(x)\,dx \qquad\mbox{(}a \mbox{ konstan)}\,\!</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) + g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx + \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) - g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx - \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int f(x)g(x)\,dx = f(x)\int g(x)\,dx - \int \left[f'(x) \left(\int g(x)\,dx\right)\right]\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x)]^n f'(x)\,dx = {[f(x)]^{n+1} \over n+1} + C \qquad\mbox{(untuk } n\neq -1\mbox{)}\,\! </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x)\over f(x)}\,dx= \ln{\left|f(x)\right|} + C </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x) f(x)}\,dx= {1 \over 2} [ f(x) ]^2 + C </math>
:# <math>\int f(x) \, dx = F(x) + C</math>
:# <math>\int_a^b f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a)</math>
== rumus sederhana ==
:<math>\int \, dx = x + C</math>
:<math>\int x^n\,dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int (ax+b)^n\,dx = \frac{(ax+b)^{n+1}}{a(n+1)} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over x} = \ln{\left|x\right|} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over \sqrt{a^2-b^2 x^2}} = \frac{1}{b} \arcsin \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over {a^2+b^2x^2}} = {1 \over ab}\arctan \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over x\sqrt{b^2x^2-a^2}} = {1 \over a}\arcsec \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
; Eksponen dan logaritma
:<math>\int e^x\,dx = e^x + C</math>
:<math>\int a^x\,dx = \frac{a^x}{\ln{a}} + C</math>
:<math>\int \ln \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, \ln {x} - x + C</math>
:<math>\int \, ^b\!\log \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, ^b\!\log \, x - x \cdot \,^b\!\log e + C</math>
; Trigonometri
:<math>\int \sin \, x \, dx = -\cos \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cos \, x \, dx = \sin \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tan \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \cos \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \cot \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sin \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \sec \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sec \, x + \tan \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \csc \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \csc \, x + \cot \, x \right|} + C</math>
; Hiperbolik
:<math>\int \sinh \, x \, dx = \cosh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cosh \, x \, dx = \sinh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tanh \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \cosh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \coth \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sinh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{sech} \, x \, dx = \arctan \,(\sinh \, x) + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{csch} \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \tanh \, {x \over 2} \right|} + C</math>
== Jenis integral ==
=== integral biasa ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara biasa.
: 1. <math>\int x^3 - cos 3x + e^{5x+2} - \frac{1}{2x+5}\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{1}{3+1}x^{3+1} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^4}{4} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-4x^3(5)+6x^2(25)-4x(125)+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-20x^3+150x^2-500x+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x^5-20x^4+150x^3-500x^2+625x\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{150x^4}{4}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
=== integral substitusi ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi.
: 1. <math>\int \frac{\ln \, x}{x}\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \, x\, du = \frac{dx}{x}</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{\ln(x)}{x} dx \\
\int u du \\
\frac{1}{2} u^2 + C \\
\frac{1}{2} ln^2 x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x-5,\, du = dx,\, x = u+5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4\,dx \\
\int (u+5)u^4\,du \\
\int (u^5+5u^4)\,du \\
\frac{1}{6} u^6+u^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x-5)^6+(x-5)^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x^6-6x^5(5)+15x^4(25)-20x^3(125)+15x^2(625)-6x(3125)+15625)+(x^5-5x^4(5)+10x^3(25)-10x^2(125)+5x(625)+3125) + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-5x^5+\frac{125x^4}{2}-\frac{1250x^3}{3}+\frac{3125x^2}{2}-3125x+\frac{15625}{6}+x^5-25x^4+250x^3-1250x^2+3125x+3125 + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral parsial ===
;Cara 1: Rumus
Integral parsial diselesaikan dengan rumus berikut.
: <math>\int u\,dv = uv - \int v\,du </math>
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan rumus.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
: <math>u = x, du = 1 \, dx, dv = \sin \, x \, dx, v = -\cos \, x</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \,dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - \int (-\cos \, x)(1 dx) \\
-x \cos \, x + \int \cos \, x dx \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x,\, du = 1\,dx,\, dv = (x-5)^4\,dx,\, v = \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - \int (\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5)(1\,dx) \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \int \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5\,dx \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6\,dx \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int 2x \ln \,x\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \,x,\, du = \frac{1}{x}\,dx,\, dv = 2x\,dx,\, v = x^2</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int 2x \ln \,x\, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(x^2) - \int (x^2)(\frac{1}{x}\,dx) \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x^2(\frac{1}{x})\,dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x \,dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
;Cara 2: Tabel
Untuk <math display="inline">\int u\,dv</math>, berlaku ketentuan sebagai berikut.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>u</math> || <math>dv</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{du}{dx}</math> || <math>v</math>
|-
| + || <math>\frac{d^2u}{dx^2}</math> || <math>\int v\,dx</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan tabel.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>\sin \, x</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>-\cos \, x</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>-\sin \, x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \, dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - (1)(-\sin \, x) + C \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>(x-5)^4</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - (1)(\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6) + C \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6 + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int 2x \ln \,x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>\ln \,x</math> || <math>2x</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{1}{x}</math> || <math>x^2</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(x^2) - \int (\frac{1}{x})(x^2) \, dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x \, dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral pecahan parsial ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial untuk persamaan pecahan (rasional).
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4}</math>
Pertama, pisahkan pecahan tersebut.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; \frac{1}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{(x + 2)(x - 2)} \\
=&\; \frac{A}{x + 2} + \frac{B}{x - 2} \\
=&\; \frac{A(x - 2) + B(x + 2)}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{(A + B)x - 2(A - B)}{x^2 - 4}
\end{aligned}
</math>
Kita tahu bahwa <math display="inline">A + B = 0</math> dan <math display="inline">A - B = -\frac{1}{2}</math> dapat diselesaikan, yaitu <math display="inline">A = -\frac{1}{4}</math> dan {{nowrap|<math display="inline">B = \frac{1}{4}</math>.}}
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \int -\frac{1}{4 (x + 2)} + \frac{1}{4 (x - 2)}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{1}{x - 2} - \frac{1}{x + 2}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} (\ln|x - 2| - \ln|x + 2|) + C \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \ln|\frac{x - 2}{x + 2}| + C
\end{aligned}</math>
=== integral substitusi trigonometri ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Bentuk !! Substitusi Trigonometri
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 - b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sin \, \alpha </math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 + b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} tan \, \alpha</math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{b^2 x^2 - a^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sec \, \alpha</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi trigonometri.
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 \sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math>
: <math>x = 2 \tan \, A, dx = 2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+4}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(2 \tan \, A)^2 \sqrt{4 + (2 \tan \, A)^2}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 + 4 \tan^2 \, A}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4(1 + \tan^2 \, A)}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 \sec^2 \, A }} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(4 \tan^2 \, A)(2 \sec \, A)} \\
=&\; \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{\tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA
\end{aligned}
</math>
Substitusi berikut dapat dibuat.
: <math>\int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA</math>
: <math>t = \sin \, A, dt = \cos \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A}\,dA \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{dt}{t^2} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \left(-\frac{1}{t}\right) + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 t} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
Ingat bahwa <math display="inline">\sin \, A = \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math> berlaku.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}{4x} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
=== integral mutlak ===
: <math>\int |f(x)| \,dA</math>
buatlah <math>f(x) \ge 0</math> jika hasil x adalah lebih dari 0 maka f(x) sedangkan kurang dari 0 maka -f(x)
: <math>\int_a^c |f(x)| \, dx = \int_a^b f(x) \, dx + \int_b^c -f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a) - F(c) + F(b)</math> jika <math>|f(x)| = \begin{cases} f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) \ge b, \\ -f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) < b. \end{cases}</math>. sebelum membuat f(x) dan -f(x) menentukan nilai x sebagai f(x) ≥ 0 untuk batas-batas wilayah yang menempatkan hasil positif (f(x)) dan negatif (-(f(x)) serta hasil integral mutlak tidak mungkin negatif.
=== integral fungsi ganjil dan integral fungsi genap ===
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
dengan mengingat fungsi ganjil dan fungsi genap yaitu f(-x)=-f(x) untuk fungsi ganjil dan f(-x)=f(x) untuk fungsi genap
maka berlaku untuk integral:
: integral fungsi ganjil
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = 0
: integral fungsi genap
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = <math>2 \int_{0}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral notasi ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = \int_{a-p}^{b-p} f(x) \,dx = \int_{a+p}^{b+p} f(x) \,dx</math>
: <math>\int_a^c f(x) \,dx = \int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx + \int_{b}^{c} f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral terbalik ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = -\int_b^a f(x) \,dx</math>
== Jenis integral lainnya ==
=== panjang busur ===
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>S = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>S = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== luas daerah ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x_2) - f(x_1))\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y_2) - f(y_1))\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>L = \frac {D \sqrt{D}}{6 a^2}</math>
=== luas permukaan benda putar ===
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== volume benda putar ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x))^2\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y))^2\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} ((f(x_2))^2 - (f(x_1))^2)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} ((f(y_2))^2 - (f(y_1))^2)\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>V = |\frac {D^2 \sqrt{D}}{30 a^3}|</math>
== Integral lipat ==
Jenis integral lipat yaitu integral lipat dua dan integral lipat tiga.
;contoh
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx</math>
* <math>\int x^2 cos 3x dx</math>
* <math>\int sin^2 x cos x dx</math>
* <math>\int cos^2 x sin x dx</math>
* <math>\int sec x dx</math>
* <math>\int csc x dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{{12+75x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{misalkan } u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
du &= 10x-2 dx \\
&= 2(5x-1) dx \\
\frac{du}{2} &= (5x-1) dx \\
\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx &= \int \frac{1}{2}u^4 du \\
&= \frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{5}u^5 + C \\
&= \frac{1}{10}(5x^2-2x+7)^5 + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{gunakan integral parsial } \\
\int x^2 cos 3x dx &= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x-\frac{2x}{9} (-cos 3x)+\frac{2}{27} (-sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x+\frac{2x}{9} cos 3x-\frac{2}{27} sin 3x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sin x \\
u &= sin x \\
du &= cos x dx \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int u^2 du \\
&= \frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= \frac{sin^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int \frac{1-cos 2x}{2} cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (1-cos 2x) cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-cos 2x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}(cos 3x+cox x) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2}sin x-\frac{1}{6}sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{sin x}{4}-\frac{sin 3x}{12}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int sin x sin x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int sin x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -(cos 3x-cos (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -cos 3x+cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{sin 3x}{3}+sin x)+C \\
&= -\frac{sin 3x}{12}+\frac{sin x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= cos x \\
u &= cos x \\
du &= -sin x dx \\
-du &= sin x dx \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= -\int u^2 du \\
&= -\frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= -\frac{cos^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int \frac{cos 2x+1}{2} sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (cos 2x+1) sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos 2xsin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}(sin 3x-sin x)+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x-\frac{1}{2}sin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x+\frac{1}{2}sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (-\frac{1}{6}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int cos x cos x sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int (sin 3x-sin (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int sin 3x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{cos 3x}{3}-cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int sec x dx &= \int sec x \frac{sec x+tan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sec x+tan x \\
u &= sec x+tan x \\
du &= sec xtan x+sec^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= ln u+C \\
&= ln |sec x+tan x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int csc x dx &= \int csc x \frac{csc x+cot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= csc x+cot x \\
u &= csc x+cot x \\
du &= -csc xcot x-csc^2 x dx \\
-du &= csc xcot x+csc^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= -\int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= -ln u+C \\
&= -ln |csc x+cot x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx &= \int \frac{1}{(2x-3)(x-1)} dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A(x-1)+B(2x-3)}{(2x-3)(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{Ax-A+2Bx-3B}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{(A+2B)x+(-A-3B)}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
\text{cari nilai A dan B dari 0=A+2B dan 1=-A-3B adalah 2 dan -1} \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{2}{(2x-3)}+\frac{-1}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= ln |2x-3|-ln |x-1|+C \\
&= ln |\frac{2x-3}{x-1}|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx \\
x &= \frac{5}{12} sin A \\
dx &= \frac{5}{12} cos A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-288(\frac{5}{12} sin A)^2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-\frac{288 \cdot 25}{144} sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-50 sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50(1-sin^2 A)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50cos^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{5cos A \sqrt{2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} dA \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} \int dA \\
&= A+C \\
A &= arc sin \frac{12x}{5} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} arc sin \frac{12x}{5}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx \\
x &= \frac{2}{5} tan A \\
dx &= \frac{2}{5} sec^2 A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+75(\frac{2}{5} tan A)^2} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+\frac{75 \cdot 4}{25} tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+12 tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 (1+tan^2 A)} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 sec^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{1}{30} dA \\
&= \frac{A}{30}+C \\
A &= arc tan \frac{5x}{2} \\
&= \frac{arc tan \frac{5x}{2}}{30}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx \\
x &= \frac{7}{11} sec A \\
dx &= \frac{7}{11} sec A tan A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{7}{11} sec A tan A}{11(\frac{7}{11} sec A)\sqrt{605(\frac{7}{11} sec A)^2-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A} {11 sec A\sqrt{\frac{605 \cdot 49}{121} sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245(sec^2 A-1)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245tan^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{77\sqrt{5} sec A tan A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{5}}{385} dA \\
&= \frac{A\sqrt{5}}{385}+C \\
A &= arc sec \frac{11x}{7} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{5}arc sec \frac{11x}{7}}{385}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec^2 x \\
\int sec^2 x dx &= tan x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc^2 x \\
\int csc^2 x dx &= -cot x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=sin x, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec x \cdot tan x \\
\int sec x \cdot tan x dx &= sec x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=cos x, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc x \cdot cot x \\
\int csc x \cdot cot x dx &= -csc x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx \\
\text{misalkan } y = \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y &= \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y^2 &= \frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}} \\
&= \frac{x}{y} \\
y^3 &= x \\
3y^2 dy &= dx \\
\int y \cdot 3y^2 dy \\
\int 3y^3 dy \\
\frac{3y^4}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx &= \left. x^2 - 3x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= 10 - (-2) \\
&= 12 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai harga nol } \\
x-2 &= 0 \\
x &= 2 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu kurang dari 2 bernilai - sedangkan minimal dari 2 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x-2| = \begin{cases} x-2, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 2, \\ -(x-2), & \mbox{jika } x < 2. \end{cases} \\
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx &= \int_{2}^{4} x-2 dx + \int_{0}^{2} -(x-2) dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^2}{2}-2x) \right|_{2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{-x^2}{2}+2x) \right|_{0}^{2} \\
&= 0 - (-2) + 2 - 0 \\
&= 4 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
3-x &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
x &= 3 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu lebih dari 3 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari 3 bernilai + berarti } \\
|3-x| = \begin{cases} 3-x, & \mbox{jika } x \le 3, \\ -(3-x), & \mbox{jika } x > 3. \end{cases} \\
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx &= \int_{2}^{3} 3-x dx + \int_{3}^{4} -(3-x) dx \\
&= \left. (3x-\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{2}^{3} + \left. (-3x+\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{3}^{4} \\
&= 4.5 - 4 - 4 - (-4.5) \\
&= 1 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx &= \left. \frac{x^3}{3}-3x^2+8x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= \frac{20}{3} - \frac{16}{3} \\
&= \frac{4}{3} \\
&= 1\frac{1}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
x^2-2x-8 &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
(x+2)(x-4) &= 0 \\
x = -2 \text{ atau } x = 4 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu antara -2 dan 4 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari -2 dan minimal dari 4 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x^2-2x-8| = \begin{cases} x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \le -2, \\ -(x^2-2x-8), & \mbox{jika } -2 < x < 4, \\ x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 4 \end{cases} \\
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx &= \int_{-3}^{-2} x^2-2x-8 dx + \int_{-2}^{4} -(x^2-2x-8) dx + \int_{4}^{5} x^2-2x-8 dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{-3}^{-2} + \left. (\frac{-x^3}{3}+x^2+8x) \right|_{-2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{4}^{5} \\
&= \frac{28}{3} - 6 + \frac{80}{3} - (-\frac{28}{3}) - \frac{70}{3} - (-\frac{80}{3}) \\
&= \frac{128}{3} \\
&= 42\frac{2}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} x^2 \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} xy \quad (y = x)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x^2</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x^2\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} x^3 \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} xy \quad (y = x^2)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = \sqrt{x}</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int \sqrt{x}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} xy \quad (y = \sqrt{x})
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi <math>L = s^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = s \text{ dan titik (''s'', ''s''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{s} s\,dx \\
L &= sx |_{0}^{s} \\
L &= ss - 0 \\
L &= s^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi panjang <math>L = pl</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = l \text{dan titik (''p'', ''l''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{p} l\,dx \\
L &= lx |_{0}^{p} \\
L &= pl - 0 \\
L &= pl
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
* Buktikan luas segitiga <math>L = \frac{at}{2}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{-tx}{a} + t \text { dan titik (''a'', ''t''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{a} \left (\frac{-tx}{a} + t \right) \,dx \\
L &= \left. \frac{-tx^2}{2a} + tx \right|_{0}^{a} \\
L &= \frac{-ta^2}{2a} + ta - 0 + 0 \\
L &= \frac{-ta}{2} + ta \\
L &= \frac{at}{2}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume tabung <math>V = \pi r^2t</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ Dengan posisi } y = r \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} r^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi r^2t - 0 \\
V &= \pi r^2t
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume kerucut <math>V = \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{rx}{t} \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} \left (\frac{rx}{t} \right)^2 \,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. \frac{r^2 x^3}{3t^2} \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi \frac{r^2 t^3}{3t^2} - 0 \\
V &= \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume bola <math>V = \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \left(\sqrt {r^2 - x^2}\right)^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r^2 - x^2 dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x - \frac{x^3}{3} \right|_{-r}^{r} \\
V &= \pi \left (r^3 - \frac{r^3}{3} - \left (-r^3 + \frac{r^3}{3} \right) \right) \\
V &= \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas permukaan bola <math>L = 4 \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), Kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{selanjutnya } \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + \frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
\text{sehingga } \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \cdot \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi rx|_{-r}^{r} \\
L &= 2 \pi (r r - r (-r)) \\
L &= 2 \pi (r^2 + r^2) \\
L &= 4 \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan keliling lingkaran <math>K = 2 \pi r</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0) } \\
\text{kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{sehingga } \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2})}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{1}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \frac{1}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \left. \arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \right|_{0}^{r} \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{r}{r}\right) - \arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) \right) \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin\left (1 \right) - \arcsin \left(0 \right) \right)) \\
K &= 4r \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
K &= 2 \pi r
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas lingkaran <math>L = \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), dibuat trigonometri dan turunannya terlebih dahulu. } \\
\sin(\theta) &= \frac{x}{r} \\
x &= r \sin(\theta) \\
dx &= r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta \\
\text{dengan turunan di atas } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - (r \sin(\theta))^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - r^2 \sin^2(\theta)}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 (1 - \sin^2(\theta))}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta)\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta) (r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta) \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r^2 \cos^2(\theta)\,d\theta \\
L &= 4r^2 \int_{0}^{r} \left(\frac{1 + \cos(2\theta)}{2}\right)\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \int_{0}^{r} (1 + \cos(2\theta))\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\theta + \frac{1}{2} \sin(2\theta) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 (\theta + \sin(\theta) \cos(\theta))|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \left (\frac{r^2 - x^2}{r} \right) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left(\frac{r}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{r}{r} \right) \left (\frac {r^2 - r^2}{r} \right) \right) - \left(\arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{0}{r}\right) \left (\frac{r^2 - 0^2}{r} \right) \right) \\
L &= 2r^2 (\arcsin(1) + 0 - (\arcsin(0) + 0)) \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
L &= \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas elips <math>L = \pi ab</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a} \text{ serta (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0), } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
\text{dengan anggapan bahwa lingkaran mempunyai memotong titik (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0) serta pusatnya setitik dengan pusat elips, } \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{\frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx}{4 \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx} \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{b}{a} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} L_\text{ling} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} \pi a^2 \\
L_\text{elips} &= \pi ab
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa luas daerah yang dibatasi y=x<sup>2</sup>-2x dan y=4x+7!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
x^-2x &= 4x+7 \\
x^2-6x-7 &= 0 \\
(x+1)(x-7) &= 0 \\
x=-1 &\text{ atau } x=7 \\
y &= 4(-1)+7 = 3 \\
y &= 4(7)+7 = 35 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (-1,3) dan (7,35) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
L &= \int_{-1}^{7} 4x+7-(x^2-2x)\,dx \\
&= \int_{-1}^{7} -x^2+6x+7\,dx \\
&= -\frac{x^3}{3}+3x^2+7x|_{-1}^{7} \\
&= -\frac{7^3}{3}+3(7)^2+7(7)-(-\frac{(-1)^3}{3}+3(-1)^2+7(-1)) \\
&= \frac{245}{3}-(-\frac{13}{3}) \\
&= \frac{258}{3} \\
&= 86 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa volume benda putar yang dibatasi y=6-1,5x, y=x-4 dan x=0 mengelilingi sumbu x sejauh 360°!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
6-1,5x &= x-4 \\
2,5x &= 10 \\
x &= 4 \\
y &= 4-4 = 0 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (4,0) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
\text{untuk x=0 } \\
y &= 6-1,5(0) = 6 \\
y &= 0-4 = -4 \\
L &= \pi \int_{0}^{4} ((6-1,5x)^2-(x-4)^2)\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (36-18x+2,25x^2-(x^2-8x+16))\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (1,25x^2-10x+20)\,dx \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25x^3}{3}-5x^2+20x)|_{0}^{4} \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25(4)^3}{3}-5(4)^2+20(4)-(\frac{1,25(0)^3}{3}-5(0)^2+20(0))) \\
&= \pi (\frac{30}{3}-0) \\
&= 10\pi \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
j9kh5w3u2f1npwrha3c063otqz0uhj3
114865
114864
2026-04-12T01:46:51Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* integral parsial */
114865
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Kaidah umum ==
:# <math>\int af(x)\,dx = a\int f(x)\,dx \qquad\mbox{(}a \mbox{ konstan)}\,\!</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) + g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx + \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) - g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx - \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int f(x)g(x)\,dx = f(x)\int g(x)\,dx - \int \left[f'(x) \left(\int g(x)\,dx\right)\right]\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x)]^n f'(x)\,dx = {[f(x)]^{n+1} \over n+1} + C \qquad\mbox{(untuk } n\neq -1\mbox{)}\,\! </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x)\over f(x)}\,dx= \ln{\left|f(x)\right|} + C </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x) f(x)}\,dx= {1 \over 2} [ f(x) ]^2 + C </math>
:# <math>\int f(x) \, dx = F(x) + C</math>
:# <math>\int_a^b f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a)</math>
== rumus sederhana ==
:<math>\int \, dx = x + C</math>
:<math>\int x^n\,dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int (ax+b)^n\,dx = \frac{(ax+b)^{n+1}}{a(n+1)} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over x} = \ln{\left|x\right|} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over \sqrt{a^2-b^2 x^2}} = \frac{1}{b} \arcsin \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over {a^2+b^2x^2}} = {1 \over ab}\arctan \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over x\sqrt{b^2x^2-a^2}} = {1 \over a}\arcsec \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
; Eksponen dan logaritma
:<math>\int e^x\,dx = e^x + C</math>
:<math>\int a^x\,dx = \frac{a^x}{\ln{a}} + C</math>
:<math>\int \ln \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, \ln {x} - x + C</math>
:<math>\int \, ^b\!\log \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, ^b\!\log \, x - x \cdot \,^b\!\log e + C</math>
; Trigonometri
:<math>\int \sin \, x \, dx = -\cos \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cos \, x \, dx = \sin \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tan \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \cos \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \cot \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sin \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \sec \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sec \, x + \tan \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \csc \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \csc \, x + \cot \, x \right|} + C</math>
; Hiperbolik
:<math>\int \sinh \, x \, dx = \cosh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cosh \, x \, dx = \sinh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tanh \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \cosh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \coth \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sinh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{sech} \, x \, dx = \arctan \,(\sinh \, x) + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{csch} \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \tanh \, {x \over 2} \right|} + C</math>
== Jenis integral ==
=== integral biasa ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara biasa.
: 1. <math>\int x^3 - cos 3x + e^{5x+2} - \frac{1}{2x+5}\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{1}{3+1}x^{3+1} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^4}{4} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-4x^3(5)+6x^2(25)-4x(125)+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-20x^3+150x^2-500x+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x^5-20x^4+150x^3-500x^2+625x\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{150x^4}{4}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
=== integral substitusi ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi.
: 1. <math>\int \frac{\ln \, x}{x}\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \, x\, du = \frac{dx}{x}</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{\ln(x)}{x} dx \\
\int u du \\
\frac{1}{2} u^2 + C \\
\frac{1}{2} ln^2 x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x-5,\, du = dx,\, x = u+5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4\,dx \\
\int (u+5)u^4\,du \\
\int (u^5+5u^4)\,du \\
\frac{1}{6} u^6+u^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x-5)^6+(x-5)^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x^6-6x^5(5)+15x^4(25)-20x^3(125)+15x^2(625)-6x(3125)+15625)+(x^5-5x^4(5)+10x^3(25)-10x^2(125)+5x(625)+3125) + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-5x^5+\frac{125x^4}{2}-\frac{1250x^3}{3}+\frac{3125x^2}{2}-3125x+\frac{15625}{6}+x^5-25x^4+250x^3-1250x^2+3125x+3125 + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral parsial ===
;Cara 1: Rumus
Integral parsial diselesaikan dengan rumus berikut.
: <math>\int u\,dv = uv - \int v\,du </math>
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan rumus.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
: <math>u = x, du = 1 \, dx, dv = \sin \, x \, dx, v = -\cos \, x</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \,dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - \int (-\cos \, x)(1 dx) \\
-x \cos \, x + \int \cos \, x dx \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x,\, du = 1\,dx,\, dv = (x-5)^4\,dx,\, v = \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - \int (\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5)(1\,dx) \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \int \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5\,dx \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6\,dx \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int 2x \ln \,x\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \,x,\, du = \frac{1}{x}\,dx,\, dv = 2x\,dx,\, v = x^2</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int 2x \ln \,x\, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(x^2) - \int (x^2)(\frac{1}{x}\,dx) \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x^2(\frac{1}{x})\,dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x \,dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
;Cara 2: Tabel
Untuk <math display="inline">\int u\,dv</math>, berlaku ketentuan sebagai berikut.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>u</math> || <math>dv</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{du}{dx}</math> || <math>v</math>
|-
| + || <math>\frac{d^2u}{dx^2}</math> || <math>\int v\,dx</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan tabel.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>\sin \, x</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>-\cos \, x</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>-\sin \, x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \, dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - (1)(-\sin \, x) + C \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>(x-5)^4</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - (1)(\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6) + C \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6 + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int 2x \ln \,x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>\ln \,x</math> || <math>2x</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{1}{x}</math> || <math>x^2</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(x^2) - \int (\frac{1}{x})(x^2) \, dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x \, dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 4. <math>\int e^x \sin \,x \, dx</math>
ini terjadi dua kali integral parsial
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>\sin \,x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|-
| - || <math>\cos \, x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|-
| + || <math>-\sin \,x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
(\sin \,x)(e^x) - (\cos \,x)(e^x) + \int (-\sin \,x)(e^x) \, dx \\
e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - \int e^x \sin \,x) \, dx \\
\text{misalkan } I = \int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - I \\
2I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x \\
I &= \frac{e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x} \\
&= \frac{e^x \sin \,x}{2} - \frac{e^x \cos \,x}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral pecahan parsial ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial untuk persamaan pecahan (rasional).
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4}</math>
Pertama, pisahkan pecahan tersebut.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; \frac{1}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{(x + 2)(x - 2)} \\
=&\; \frac{A}{x + 2} + \frac{B}{x - 2} \\
=&\; \frac{A(x - 2) + B(x + 2)}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{(A + B)x - 2(A - B)}{x^2 - 4}
\end{aligned}
</math>
Kita tahu bahwa <math display="inline">A + B = 0</math> dan <math display="inline">A - B = -\frac{1}{2}</math> dapat diselesaikan, yaitu <math display="inline">A = -\frac{1}{4}</math> dan {{nowrap|<math display="inline">B = \frac{1}{4}</math>.}}
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \int -\frac{1}{4 (x + 2)} + \frac{1}{4 (x - 2)}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{1}{x - 2} - \frac{1}{x + 2}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} (\ln|x - 2| - \ln|x + 2|) + C \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \ln|\frac{x - 2}{x + 2}| + C
\end{aligned}</math>
=== integral substitusi trigonometri ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Bentuk !! Substitusi Trigonometri
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 - b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sin \, \alpha </math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 + b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} tan \, \alpha</math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{b^2 x^2 - a^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sec \, \alpha</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi trigonometri.
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 \sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math>
: <math>x = 2 \tan \, A, dx = 2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+4}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(2 \tan \, A)^2 \sqrt{4 + (2 \tan \, A)^2}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 + 4 \tan^2 \, A}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4(1 + \tan^2 \, A)}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 \sec^2 \, A }} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(4 \tan^2 \, A)(2 \sec \, A)} \\
=&\; \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{\tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA
\end{aligned}
</math>
Substitusi berikut dapat dibuat.
: <math>\int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA</math>
: <math>t = \sin \, A, dt = \cos \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A}\,dA \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{dt}{t^2} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \left(-\frac{1}{t}\right) + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 t} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
Ingat bahwa <math display="inline">\sin \, A = \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math> berlaku.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}{4x} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
=== integral mutlak ===
: <math>\int |f(x)| \,dA</math>
buatlah <math>f(x) \ge 0</math> jika hasil x adalah lebih dari 0 maka f(x) sedangkan kurang dari 0 maka -f(x)
: <math>\int_a^c |f(x)| \, dx = \int_a^b f(x) \, dx + \int_b^c -f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a) - F(c) + F(b)</math> jika <math>|f(x)| = \begin{cases} f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) \ge b, \\ -f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) < b. \end{cases}</math>. sebelum membuat f(x) dan -f(x) menentukan nilai x sebagai f(x) ≥ 0 untuk batas-batas wilayah yang menempatkan hasil positif (f(x)) dan negatif (-(f(x)) serta hasil integral mutlak tidak mungkin negatif.
=== integral fungsi ganjil dan integral fungsi genap ===
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
dengan mengingat fungsi ganjil dan fungsi genap yaitu f(-x)=-f(x) untuk fungsi ganjil dan f(-x)=f(x) untuk fungsi genap
maka berlaku untuk integral:
: integral fungsi ganjil
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = 0
: integral fungsi genap
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = <math>2 \int_{0}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral notasi ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = \int_{a-p}^{b-p} f(x) \,dx = \int_{a+p}^{b+p} f(x) \,dx</math>
: <math>\int_a^c f(x) \,dx = \int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx + \int_{b}^{c} f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral terbalik ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = -\int_b^a f(x) \,dx</math>
== Jenis integral lainnya ==
=== panjang busur ===
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>S = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>S = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== luas daerah ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x_2) - f(x_1))\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y_2) - f(y_1))\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>L = \frac {D \sqrt{D}}{6 a^2}</math>
=== luas permukaan benda putar ===
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== volume benda putar ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x))^2\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y))^2\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} ((f(x_2))^2 - (f(x_1))^2)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} ((f(y_2))^2 - (f(y_1))^2)\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>V = |\frac {D^2 \sqrt{D}}{30 a^3}|</math>
== Integral lipat ==
Jenis integral lipat yaitu integral lipat dua dan integral lipat tiga.
;contoh
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx</math>
* <math>\int x^2 cos 3x dx</math>
* <math>\int sin^2 x cos x dx</math>
* <math>\int cos^2 x sin x dx</math>
* <math>\int sec x dx</math>
* <math>\int csc x dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{{12+75x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{misalkan } u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
du &= 10x-2 dx \\
&= 2(5x-1) dx \\
\frac{du}{2} &= (5x-1) dx \\
\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx &= \int \frac{1}{2}u^4 du \\
&= \frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{5}u^5 + C \\
&= \frac{1}{10}(5x^2-2x+7)^5 + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{gunakan integral parsial } \\
\int x^2 cos 3x dx &= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x-\frac{2x}{9} (-cos 3x)+\frac{2}{27} (-sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x+\frac{2x}{9} cos 3x-\frac{2}{27} sin 3x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sin x \\
u &= sin x \\
du &= cos x dx \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int u^2 du \\
&= \frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= \frac{sin^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int \frac{1-cos 2x}{2} cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (1-cos 2x) cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-cos 2x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}(cos 3x+cox x) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2}sin x-\frac{1}{6}sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{sin x}{4}-\frac{sin 3x}{12}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int sin x sin x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int sin x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -(cos 3x-cos (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -cos 3x+cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{sin 3x}{3}+sin x)+C \\
&= -\frac{sin 3x}{12}+\frac{sin x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= cos x \\
u &= cos x \\
du &= -sin x dx \\
-du &= sin x dx \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= -\int u^2 du \\
&= -\frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= -\frac{cos^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int \frac{cos 2x+1}{2} sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (cos 2x+1) sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos 2xsin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}(sin 3x-sin x)+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x-\frac{1}{2}sin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x+\frac{1}{2}sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (-\frac{1}{6}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int cos x cos x sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int (sin 3x-sin (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int sin 3x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{cos 3x}{3}-cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int sec x dx &= \int sec x \frac{sec x+tan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sec x+tan x \\
u &= sec x+tan x \\
du &= sec xtan x+sec^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= ln u+C \\
&= ln |sec x+tan x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int csc x dx &= \int csc x \frac{csc x+cot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= csc x+cot x \\
u &= csc x+cot x \\
du &= -csc xcot x-csc^2 x dx \\
-du &= csc xcot x+csc^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= -\int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= -ln u+C \\
&= -ln |csc x+cot x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx &= \int \frac{1}{(2x-3)(x-1)} dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A(x-1)+B(2x-3)}{(2x-3)(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{Ax-A+2Bx-3B}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{(A+2B)x+(-A-3B)}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
\text{cari nilai A dan B dari 0=A+2B dan 1=-A-3B adalah 2 dan -1} \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{2}{(2x-3)}+\frac{-1}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= ln |2x-3|-ln |x-1|+C \\
&= ln |\frac{2x-3}{x-1}|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx \\
x &= \frac{5}{12} sin A \\
dx &= \frac{5}{12} cos A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-288(\frac{5}{12} sin A)^2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-\frac{288 \cdot 25}{144} sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-50 sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50(1-sin^2 A)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50cos^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{5cos A \sqrt{2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} dA \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} \int dA \\
&= A+C \\
A &= arc sin \frac{12x}{5} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} arc sin \frac{12x}{5}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx \\
x &= \frac{2}{5} tan A \\
dx &= \frac{2}{5} sec^2 A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+75(\frac{2}{5} tan A)^2} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+\frac{75 \cdot 4}{25} tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+12 tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 (1+tan^2 A)} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 sec^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{1}{30} dA \\
&= \frac{A}{30}+C \\
A &= arc tan \frac{5x}{2} \\
&= \frac{arc tan \frac{5x}{2}}{30}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx \\
x &= \frac{7}{11} sec A \\
dx &= \frac{7}{11} sec A tan A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{7}{11} sec A tan A}{11(\frac{7}{11} sec A)\sqrt{605(\frac{7}{11} sec A)^2-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A} {11 sec A\sqrt{\frac{605 \cdot 49}{121} sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245(sec^2 A-1)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245tan^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{77\sqrt{5} sec A tan A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{5}}{385} dA \\
&= \frac{A\sqrt{5}}{385}+C \\
A &= arc sec \frac{11x}{7} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{5}arc sec \frac{11x}{7}}{385}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec^2 x \\
\int sec^2 x dx &= tan x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc^2 x \\
\int csc^2 x dx &= -cot x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=sin x, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec x \cdot tan x \\
\int sec x \cdot tan x dx &= sec x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=cos x, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc x \cdot cot x \\
\int csc x \cdot cot x dx &= -csc x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx \\
\text{misalkan } y = \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y &= \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y^2 &= \frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}} \\
&= \frac{x}{y} \\
y^3 &= x \\
3y^2 dy &= dx \\
\int y \cdot 3y^2 dy \\
\int 3y^3 dy \\
\frac{3y^4}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx &= \left. x^2 - 3x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= 10 - (-2) \\
&= 12 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai harga nol } \\
x-2 &= 0 \\
x &= 2 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu kurang dari 2 bernilai - sedangkan minimal dari 2 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x-2| = \begin{cases} x-2, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 2, \\ -(x-2), & \mbox{jika } x < 2. \end{cases} \\
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx &= \int_{2}^{4} x-2 dx + \int_{0}^{2} -(x-2) dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^2}{2}-2x) \right|_{2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{-x^2}{2}+2x) \right|_{0}^{2} \\
&= 0 - (-2) + 2 - 0 \\
&= 4 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
3-x &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
x &= 3 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu lebih dari 3 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari 3 bernilai + berarti } \\
|3-x| = \begin{cases} 3-x, & \mbox{jika } x \le 3, \\ -(3-x), & \mbox{jika } x > 3. \end{cases} \\
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx &= \int_{2}^{3} 3-x dx + \int_{3}^{4} -(3-x) dx \\
&= \left. (3x-\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{2}^{3} + \left. (-3x+\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{3}^{4} \\
&= 4.5 - 4 - 4 - (-4.5) \\
&= 1 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx &= \left. \frac{x^3}{3}-3x^2+8x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= \frac{20}{3} - \frac{16}{3} \\
&= \frac{4}{3} \\
&= 1\frac{1}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
x^2-2x-8 &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
(x+2)(x-4) &= 0 \\
x = -2 \text{ atau } x = 4 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu antara -2 dan 4 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari -2 dan minimal dari 4 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x^2-2x-8| = \begin{cases} x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \le -2, \\ -(x^2-2x-8), & \mbox{jika } -2 < x < 4, \\ x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 4 \end{cases} \\
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx &= \int_{-3}^{-2} x^2-2x-8 dx + \int_{-2}^{4} -(x^2-2x-8) dx + \int_{4}^{5} x^2-2x-8 dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{-3}^{-2} + \left. (\frac{-x^3}{3}+x^2+8x) \right|_{-2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{4}^{5} \\
&= \frac{28}{3} - 6 + \frac{80}{3} - (-\frac{28}{3}) - \frac{70}{3} - (-\frac{80}{3}) \\
&= \frac{128}{3} \\
&= 42\frac{2}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} x^2 \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} xy \quad (y = x)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x^2</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x^2\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} x^3 \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} xy \quad (y = x^2)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = \sqrt{x}</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int \sqrt{x}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} xy \quad (y = \sqrt{x})
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi <math>L = s^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = s \text{ dan titik (''s'', ''s''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{s} s\,dx \\
L &= sx |_{0}^{s} \\
L &= ss - 0 \\
L &= s^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi panjang <math>L = pl</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = l \text{dan titik (''p'', ''l''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{p} l\,dx \\
L &= lx |_{0}^{p} \\
L &= pl - 0 \\
L &= pl
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
* Buktikan luas segitiga <math>L = \frac{at}{2}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{-tx}{a} + t \text { dan titik (''a'', ''t''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{a} \left (\frac{-tx}{a} + t \right) \,dx \\
L &= \left. \frac{-tx^2}{2a} + tx \right|_{0}^{a} \\
L &= \frac{-ta^2}{2a} + ta - 0 + 0 \\
L &= \frac{-ta}{2} + ta \\
L &= \frac{at}{2}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume tabung <math>V = \pi r^2t</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ Dengan posisi } y = r \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} r^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi r^2t - 0 \\
V &= \pi r^2t
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume kerucut <math>V = \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{rx}{t} \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} \left (\frac{rx}{t} \right)^2 \,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. \frac{r^2 x^3}{3t^2} \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi \frac{r^2 t^3}{3t^2} - 0 \\
V &= \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume bola <math>V = \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \left(\sqrt {r^2 - x^2}\right)^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r^2 - x^2 dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x - \frac{x^3}{3} \right|_{-r}^{r} \\
V &= \pi \left (r^3 - \frac{r^3}{3} - \left (-r^3 + \frac{r^3}{3} \right) \right) \\
V &= \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas permukaan bola <math>L = 4 \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), Kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{selanjutnya } \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + \frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
\text{sehingga } \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \cdot \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi rx|_{-r}^{r} \\
L &= 2 \pi (r r - r (-r)) \\
L &= 2 \pi (r^2 + r^2) \\
L &= 4 \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan keliling lingkaran <math>K = 2 \pi r</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0) } \\
\text{kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{sehingga } \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2})}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{1}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \frac{1}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \left. \arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \right|_{0}^{r} \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{r}{r}\right) - \arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) \right) \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin\left (1 \right) - \arcsin \left(0 \right) \right)) \\
K &= 4r \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
K &= 2 \pi r
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas lingkaran <math>L = \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), dibuat trigonometri dan turunannya terlebih dahulu. } \\
\sin(\theta) &= \frac{x}{r} \\
x &= r \sin(\theta) \\
dx &= r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta \\
\text{dengan turunan di atas } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - (r \sin(\theta))^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - r^2 \sin^2(\theta)}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 (1 - \sin^2(\theta))}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta)\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta) (r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta) \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r^2 \cos^2(\theta)\,d\theta \\
L &= 4r^2 \int_{0}^{r} \left(\frac{1 + \cos(2\theta)}{2}\right)\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \int_{0}^{r} (1 + \cos(2\theta))\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\theta + \frac{1}{2} \sin(2\theta) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 (\theta + \sin(\theta) \cos(\theta))|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \left (\frac{r^2 - x^2}{r} \right) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left(\frac{r}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{r}{r} \right) \left (\frac {r^2 - r^2}{r} \right) \right) - \left(\arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{0}{r}\right) \left (\frac{r^2 - 0^2}{r} \right) \right) \\
L &= 2r^2 (\arcsin(1) + 0 - (\arcsin(0) + 0)) \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
L &= \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas elips <math>L = \pi ab</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a} \text{ serta (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0), } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
\text{dengan anggapan bahwa lingkaran mempunyai memotong titik (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0) serta pusatnya setitik dengan pusat elips, } \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{\frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx}{4 \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx} \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{b}{a} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} L_\text{ling} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} \pi a^2 \\
L_\text{elips} &= \pi ab
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa luas daerah yang dibatasi y=x<sup>2</sup>-2x dan y=4x+7!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
x^-2x &= 4x+7 \\
x^2-6x-7 &= 0 \\
(x+1)(x-7) &= 0 \\
x=-1 &\text{ atau } x=7 \\
y &= 4(-1)+7 = 3 \\
y &= 4(7)+7 = 35 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (-1,3) dan (7,35) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
L &= \int_{-1}^{7} 4x+7-(x^2-2x)\,dx \\
&= \int_{-1}^{7} -x^2+6x+7\,dx \\
&= -\frac{x^3}{3}+3x^2+7x|_{-1}^{7} \\
&= -\frac{7^3}{3}+3(7)^2+7(7)-(-\frac{(-1)^3}{3}+3(-1)^2+7(-1)) \\
&= \frac{245}{3}-(-\frac{13}{3}) \\
&= \frac{258}{3} \\
&= 86 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa volume benda putar yang dibatasi y=6-1,5x, y=x-4 dan x=0 mengelilingi sumbu x sejauh 360°!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
6-1,5x &= x-4 \\
2,5x &= 10 \\
x &= 4 \\
y &= 4-4 = 0 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (4,0) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
\text{untuk x=0 } \\
y &= 6-1,5(0) = 6 \\
y &= 0-4 = -4 \\
L &= \pi \int_{0}^{4} ((6-1,5x)^2-(x-4)^2)\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (36-18x+2,25x^2-(x^2-8x+16))\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (1,25x^2-10x+20)\,dx \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25x^3}{3}-5x^2+20x)|_{0}^{4} \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25(4)^3}{3}-5(4)^2+20(4)-(\frac{1,25(0)^3}{3}-5(0)^2+20(0))) \\
&= \pi (\frac{30}{3}-0) \\
&= 10\pi \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
sgqsty5wccz21k45abd0z89zry9z35x
114866
114865
2026-04-12T01:48:34Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* integral parsial */
114866
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Kaidah umum ==
:# <math>\int af(x)\,dx = a\int f(x)\,dx \qquad\mbox{(}a \mbox{ konstan)}\,\!</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) + g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx + \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) - g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx - \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int f(x)g(x)\,dx = f(x)\int g(x)\,dx - \int \left[f'(x) \left(\int g(x)\,dx\right)\right]\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x)]^n f'(x)\,dx = {[f(x)]^{n+1} \over n+1} + C \qquad\mbox{(untuk } n\neq -1\mbox{)}\,\! </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x)\over f(x)}\,dx= \ln{\left|f(x)\right|} + C </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x) f(x)}\,dx= {1 \over 2} [ f(x) ]^2 + C </math>
:# <math>\int f(x) \, dx = F(x) + C</math>
:# <math>\int_a^b f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a)</math>
== rumus sederhana ==
:<math>\int \, dx = x + C</math>
:<math>\int x^n\,dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int (ax+b)^n\,dx = \frac{(ax+b)^{n+1}}{a(n+1)} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over x} = \ln{\left|x\right|} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over \sqrt{a^2-b^2 x^2}} = \frac{1}{b} \arcsin \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over {a^2+b^2x^2}} = {1 \over ab}\arctan \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over x\sqrt{b^2x^2-a^2}} = {1 \over a}\arcsec \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
; Eksponen dan logaritma
:<math>\int e^x\,dx = e^x + C</math>
:<math>\int a^x\,dx = \frac{a^x}{\ln{a}} + C</math>
:<math>\int \ln \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, \ln {x} - x + C</math>
:<math>\int \, ^b\!\log \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, ^b\!\log \, x - x \cdot \,^b\!\log e + C</math>
; Trigonometri
:<math>\int \sin \, x \, dx = -\cos \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cos \, x \, dx = \sin \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tan \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \cos \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \cot \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sin \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \sec \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sec \, x + \tan \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \csc \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \csc \, x + \cot \, x \right|} + C</math>
; Hiperbolik
:<math>\int \sinh \, x \, dx = \cosh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cosh \, x \, dx = \sinh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tanh \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \cosh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \coth \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sinh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{sech} \, x \, dx = \arctan \,(\sinh \, x) + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{csch} \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \tanh \, {x \over 2} \right|} + C</math>
== Jenis integral ==
=== integral biasa ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara biasa.
: 1. <math>\int x^3 - cos 3x + e^{5x+2} - \frac{1}{2x+5}\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{1}{3+1}x^{3+1} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^4}{4} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-4x^3(5)+6x^2(25)-4x(125)+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-20x^3+150x^2-500x+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x^5-20x^4+150x^3-500x^2+625x\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{150x^4}{4}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
=== integral substitusi ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi.
: 1. <math>\int \frac{\ln \, x}{x}\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \, x\, du = \frac{dx}{x}</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{\ln(x)}{x} dx \\
\int u du \\
\frac{1}{2} u^2 + C \\
\frac{1}{2} ln^2 x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x-5,\, du = dx,\, x = u+5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4\,dx \\
\int (u+5)u^4\,du \\
\int (u^5+5u^4)\,du \\
\frac{1}{6} u^6+u^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x-5)^6+(x-5)^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x^6-6x^5(5)+15x^4(25)-20x^3(125)+15x^2(625)-6x(3125)+15625)+(x^5-5x^4(5)+10x^3(25)-10x^2(125)+5x(625)+3125) + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-5x^5+\frac{125x^4}{2}-\frac{1250x^3}{3}+\frac{3125x^2}{2}-3125x+\frac{15625}{6}+x^5-25x^4+250x^3-1250x^2+3125x+3125 + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral parsial ===
;Cara 1: Rumus
Integral parsial diselesaikan dengan rumus berikut.
: <math>\int u\,dv = uv - \int v\,du </math>
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan rumus.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
: <math>u = x, du = 1 \, dx, dv = \sin \, x \, dx, v = -\cos \, x</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \,dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - \int (-\cos \, x)(1 dx) \\
-x \cos \, x + \int \cos \, x dx \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x,\, du = 1\,dx,\, dv = (x-5)^4\,dx,\, v = \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - \int (\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5)(1\,dx) \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \int \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5\,dx \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6\,dx \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int 2x \ln \,x\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \,x,\, du = \frac{1}{x}\,dx,\, dv = 2x\,dx,\, v = x^2</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int 2x \ln \,x\, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(x^2) - \int (x^2)(\frac{1}{x}\,dx) \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x^2(\frac{1}{x})\,dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x \,dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
;Cara 2: Tabel
Untuk <math display="inline">\int u\,dv</math>, berlaku ketentuan sebagai berikut.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>u</math> || <math>dv</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{du}{dx}</math> || <math>v</math>
|-
| + || <math>\frac{d^2u}{dx^2}</math> || <math>\int v\,dx</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan tabel.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>\sin \, x</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>-\cos \, x</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>-\sin \, x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \, dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - (1)(-\sin \, x) + C \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>(x-5)^4</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - (1)(\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6) + C \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6 + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int 2x \ln \,x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>\ln \,x</math> || <math>2x</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{1}{x}</math> || <math>x^2</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(x^2) - \int (\frac{1}{x})(x^2) \, dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x \, dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 4. <math>\int e^x \sin \,x \, dx</math>
ini terjadi dua kali integral parsial
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>\sin \,x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|-
| - || <math>\cos \, x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|-
| + || <math>-\sin \,x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
(\sin \,x)(e^x) - (\cos \,x)(e^x) + \int (-\sin \,x)(e^x) \, dx \\
e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - \int e^x \sin \,x) \, dx \\
\text{misalkan } I = \int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - I \\
2I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x \\
I &= \frac{e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x}{2} \\
&= \frac{e^x \sin \,x}{2} - \frac{e^x \cos \,x}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral pecahan parsial ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial untuk persamaan pecahan (rasional).
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4}</math>
Pertama, pisahkan pecahan tersebut.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; \frac{1}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{(x + 2)(x - 2)} \\
=&\; \frac{A}{x + 2} + \frac{B}{x - 2} \\
=&\; \frac{A(x - 2) + B(x + 2)}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{(A + B)x - 2(A - B)}{x^2 - 4}
\end{aligned}
</math>
Kita tahu bahwa <math display="inline">A + B = 0</math> dan <math display="inline">A - B = -\frac{1}{2}</math> dapat diselesaikan, yaitu <math display="inline">A = -\frac{1}{4}</math> dan {{nowrap|<math display="inline">B = \frac{1}{4}</math>.}}
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \int -\frac{1}{4 (x + 2)} + \frac{1}{4 (x - 2)}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{1}{x - 2} - \frac{1}{x + 2}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} (\ln|x - 2| - \ln|x + 2|) + C \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \ln|\frac{x - 2}{x + 2}| + C
\end{aligned}</math>
=== integral substitusi trigonometri ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Bentuk !! Substitusi Trigonometri
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 - b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sin \, \alpha </math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 + b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} tan \, \alpha</math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{b^2 x^2 - a^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sec \, \alpha</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi trigonometri.
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 \sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math>
: <math>x = 2 \tan \, A, dx = 2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+4}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(2 \tan \, A)^2 \sqrt{4 + (2 \tan \, A)^2}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 + 4 \tan^2 \, A}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4(1 + \tan^2 \, A)}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 \sec^2 \, A }} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(4 \tan^2 \, A)(2 \sec \, A)} \\
=&\; \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{\tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA
\end{aligned}
</math>
Substitusi berikut dapat dibuat.
: <math>\int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA</math>
: <math>t = \sin \, A, dt = \cos \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A}\,dA \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{dt}{t^2} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \left(-\frac{1}{t}\right) + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 t} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
Ingat bahwa <math display="inline">\sin \, A = \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math> berlaku.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}{4x} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
=== integral mutlak ===
: <math>\int |f(x)| \,dA</math>
buatlah <math>f(x) \ge 0</math> jika hasil x adalah lebih dari 0 maka f(x) sedangkan kurang dari 0 maka -f(x)
: <math>\int_a^c |f(x)| \, dx = \int_a^b f(x) \, dx + \int_b^c -f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a) - F(c) + F(b)</math> jika <math>|f(x)| = \begin{cases} f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) \ge b, \\ -f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) < b. \end{cases}</math>. sebelum membuat f(x) dan -f(x) menentukan nilai x sebagai f(x) ≥ 0 untuk batas-batas wilayah yang menempatkan hasil positif (f(x)) dan negatif (-(f(x)) serta hasil integral mutlak tidak mungkin negatif.
=== integral fungsi ganjil dan integral fungsi genap ===
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
dengan mengingat fungsi ganjil dan fungsi genap yaitu f(-x)=-f(x) untuk fungsi ganjil dan f(-x)=f(x) untuk fungsi genap
maka berlaku untuk integral:
: integral fungsi ganjil
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = 0
: integral fungsi genap
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = <math>2 \int_{0}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral notasi ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = \int_{a-p}^{b-p} f(x) \,dx = \int_{a+p}^{b+p} f(x) \,dx</math>
: <math>\int_a^c f(x) \,dx = \int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx + \int_{b}^{c} f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral terbalik ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = -\int_b^a f(x) \,dx</math>
== Jenis integral lainnya ==
=== panjang busur ===
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>S = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>S = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== luas daerah ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x_2) - f(x_1))\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y_2) - f(y_1))\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>L = \frac {D \sqrt{D}}{6 a^2}</math>
=== luas permukaan benda putar ===
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== volume benda putar ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x))^2\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y))^2\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} ((f(x_2))^2 - (f(x_1))^2)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} ((f(y_2))^2 - (f(y_1))^2)\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>V = |\frac {D^2 \sqrt{D}}{30 a^3}|</math>
== Integral lipat ==
Jenis integral lipat yaitu integral lipat dua dan integral lipat tiga.
;contoh
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx</math>
* <math>\int x^2 cos 3x dx</math>
* <math>\int sin^2 x cos x dx</math>
* <math>\int cos^2 x sin x dx</math>
* <math>\int sec x dx</math>
* <math>\int csc x dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{{12+75x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{misalkan } u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
du &= 10x-2 dx \\
&= 2(5x-1) dx \\
\frac{du}{2} &= (5x-1) dx \\
\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx &= \int \frac{1}{2}u^4 du \\
&= \frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{5}u^5 + C \\
&= \frac{1}{10}(5x^2-2x+7)^5 + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{gunakan integral parsial } \\
\int x^2 cos 3x dx &= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x-\frac{2x}{9} (-cos 3x)+\frac{2}{27} (-sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x+\frac{2x}{9} cos 3x-\frac{2}{27} sin 3x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sin x \\
u &= sin x \\
du &= cos x dx \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int u^2 du \\
&= \frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= \frac{sin^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int \frac{1-cos 2x}{2} cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (1-cos 2x) cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-cos 2x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}(cos 3x+cox x) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2}sin x-\frac{1}{6}sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{sin x}{4}-\frac{sin 3x}{12}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int sin x sin x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int sin x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -(cos 3x-cos (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -cos 3x+cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{sin 3x}{3}+sin x)+C \\
&= -\frac{sin 3x}{12}+\frac{sin x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= cos x \\
u &= cos x \\
du &= -sin x dx \\
-du &= sin x dx \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= -\int u^2 du \\
&= -\frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= -\frac{cos^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int \frac{cos 2x+1}{2} sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (cos 2x+1) sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos 2xsin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}(sin 3x-sin x)+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x-\frac{1}{2}sin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x+\frac{1}{2}sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (-\frac{1}{6}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int cos x cos x sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int (sin 3x-sin (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int sin 3x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{cos 3x}{3}-cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int sec x dx &= \int sec x \frac{sec x+tan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sec x+tan x \\
u &= sec x+tan x \\
du &= sec xtan x+sec^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= ln u+C \\
&= ln |sec x+tan x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int csc x dx &= \int csc x \frac{csc x+cot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= csc x+cot x \\
u &= csc x+cot x \\
du &= -csc xcot x-csc^2 x dx \\
-du &= csc xcot x+csc^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= -\int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= -ln u+C \\
&= -ln |csc x+cot x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx &= \int \frac{1}{(2x-3)(x-1)} dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A(x-1)+B(2x-3)}{(2x-3)(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{Ax-A+2Bx-3B}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{(A+2B)x+(-A-3B)}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
\text{cari nilai A dan B dari 0=A+2B dan 1=-A-3B adalah 2 dan -1} \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{2}{(2x-3)}+\frac{-1}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= ln |2x-3|-ln |x-1|+C \\
&= ln |\frac{2x-3}{x-1}|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx \\
x &= \frac{5}{12} sin A \\
dx &= \frac{5}{12} cos A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-288(\frac{5}{12} sin A)^2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-\frac{288 \cdot 25}{144} sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-50 sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50(1-sin^2 A)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50cos^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{5cos A \sqrt{2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} dA \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} \int dA \\
&= A+C \\
A &= arc sin \frac{12x}{5} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} arc sin \frac{12x}{5}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx \\
x &= \frac{2}{5} tan A \\
dx &= \frac{2}{5} sec^2 A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+75(\frac{2}{5} tan A)^2} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+\frac{75 \cdot 4}{25} tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+12 tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 (1+tan^2 A)} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 sec^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{1}{30} dA \\
&= \frac{A}{30}+C \\
A &= arc tan \frac{5x}{2} \\
&= \frac{arc tan \frac{5x}{2}}{30}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx \\
x &= \frac{7}{11} sec A \\
dx &= \frac{7}{11} sec A tan A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{7}{11} sec A tan A}{11(\frac{7}{11} sec A)\sqrt{605(\frac{7}{11} sec A)^2-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A} {11 sec A\sqrt{\frac{605 \cdot 49}{121} sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245(sec^2 A-1)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245tan^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{77\sqrt{5} sec A tan A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{5}}{385} dA \\
&= \frac{A\sqrt{5}}{385}+C \\
A &= arc sec \frac{11x}{7} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{5}arc sec \frac{11x}{7}}{385}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec^2 x \\
\int sec^2 x dx &= tan x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc^2 x \\
\int csc^2 x dx &= -cot x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=sin x, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec x \cdot tan x \\
\int sec x \cdot tan x dx &= sec x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=cos x, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc x \cdot cot x \\
\int csc x \cdot cot x dx &= -csc x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx \\
\text{misalkan } y = \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y &= \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y^2 &= \frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}} \\
&= \frac{x}{y} \\
y^3 &= x \\
3y^2 dy &= dx \\
\int y \cdot 3y^2 dy \\
\int 3y^3 dy \\
\frac{3y^4}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx &= \left. x^2 - 3x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= 10 - (-2) \\
&= 12 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai harga nol } \\
x-2 &= 0 \\
x &= 2 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu kurang dari 2 bernilai - sedangkan minimal dari 2 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x-2| = \begin{cases} x-2, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 2, \\ -(x-2), & \mbox{jika } x < 2. \end{cases} \\
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx &= \int_{2}^{4} x-2 dx + \int_{0}^{2} -(x-2) dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^2}{2}-2x) \right|_{2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{-x^2}{2}+2x) \right|_{0}^{2} \\
&= 0 - (-2) + 2 - 0 \\
&= 4 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
3-x &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
x &= 3 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu lebih dari 3 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari 3 bernilai + berarti } \\
|3-x| = \begin{cases} 3-x, & \mbox{jika } x \le 3, \\ -(3-x), & \mbox{jika } x > 3. \end{cases} \\
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx &= \int_{2}^{3} 3-x dx + \int_{3}^{4} -(3-x) dx \\
&= \left. (3x-\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{2}^{3} + \left. (-3x+\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{3}^{4} \\
&= 4.5 - 4 - 4 - (-4.5) \\
&= 1 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx &= \left. \frac{x^3}{3}-3x^2+8x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= \frac{20}{3} - \frac{16}{3} \\
&= \frac{4}{3} \\
&= 1\frac{1}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
x^2-2x-8 &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
(x+2)(x-4) &= 0 \\
x = -2 \text{ atau } x = 4 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu antara -2 dan 4 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari -2 dan minimal dari 4 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x^2-2x-8| = \begin{cases} x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \le -2, \\ -(x^2-2x-8), & \mbox{jika } -2 < x < 4, \\ x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 4 \end{cases} \\
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx &= \int_{-3}^{-2} x^2-2x-8 dx + \int_{-2}^{4} -(x^2-2x-8) dx + \int_{4}^{5} x^2-2x-8 dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{-3}^{-2} + \left. (\frac{-x^3}{3}+x^2+8x) \right|_{-2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{4}^{5} \\
&= \frac{28}{3} - 6 + \frac{80}{3} - (-\frac{28}{3}) - \frac{70}{3} - (-\frac{80}{3}) \\
&= \frac{128}{3} \\
&= 42\frac{2}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} x^2 \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} xy \quad (y = x)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x^2</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x^2\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} x^3 \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} xy \quad (y = x^2)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = \sqrt{x}</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int \sqrt{x}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} xy \quad (y = \sqrt{x})
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi <math>L = s^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = s \text{ dan titik (''s'', ''s''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{s} s\,dx \\
L &= sx |_{0}^{s} \\
L &= ss - 0 \\
L &= s^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi panjang <math>L = pl</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = l \text{dan titik (''p'', ''l''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{p} l\,dx \\
L &= lx |_{0}^{p} \\
L &= pl - 0 \\
L &= pl
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
* Buktikan luas segitiga <math>L = \frac{at}{2}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{-tx}{a} + t \text { dan titik (''a'', ''t''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{a} \left (\frac{-tx}{a} + t \right) \,dx \\
L &= \left. \frac{-tx^2}{2a} + tx \right|_{0}^{a} \\
L &= \frac{-ta^2}{2a} + ta - 0 + 0 \\
L &= \frac{-ta}{2} + ta \\
L &= \frac{at}{2}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume tabung <math>V = \pi r^2t</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ Dengan posisi } y = r \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} r^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi r^2t - 0 \\
V &= \pi r^2t
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume kerucut <math>V = \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{rx}{t} \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} \left (\frac{rx}{t} \right)^2 \,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. \frac{r^2 x^3}{3t^2} \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi \frac{r^2 t^3}{3t^2} - 0 \\
V &= \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume bola <math>V = \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \left(\sqrt {r^2 - x^2}\right)^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r^2 - x^2 dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x - \frac{x^3}{3} \right|_{-r}^{r} \\
V &= \pi \left (r^3 - \frac{r^3}{3} - \left (-r^3 + \frac{r^3}{3} \right) \right) \\
V &= \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas permukaan bola <math>L = 4 \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), Kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{selanjutnya } \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + \frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
\text{sehingga } \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \cdot \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi rx|_{-r}^{r} \\
L &= 2 \pi (r r - r (-r)) \\
L &= 2 \pi (r^2 + r^2) \\
L &= 4 \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan keliling lingkaran <math>K = 2 \pi r</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0) } \\
\text{kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{sehingga } \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2})}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{1}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \frac{1}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \left. \arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \right|_{0}^{r} \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{r}{r}\right) - \arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) \right) \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin\left (1 \right) - \arcsin \left(0 \right) \right)) \\
K &= 4r \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
K &= 2 \pi r
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas lingkaran <math>L = \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), dibuat trigonometri dan turunannya terlebih dahulu. } \\
\sin(\theta) &= \frac{x}{r} \\
x &= r \sin(\theta) \\
dx &= r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta \\
\text{dengan turunan di atas } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - (r \sin(\theta))^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - r^2 \sin^2(\theta)}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 (1 - \sin^2(\theta))}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta)\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta) (r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta) \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r^2 \cos^2(\theta)\,d\theta \\
L &= 4r^2 \int_{0}^{r} \left(\frac{1 + \cos(2\theta)}{2}\right)\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \int_{0}^{r} (1 + \cos(2\theta))\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\theta + \frac{1}{2} \sin(2\theta) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 (\theta + \sin(\theta) \cos(\theta))|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \left (\frac{r^2 - x^2}{r} \right) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left(\frac{r}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{r}{r} \right) \left (\frac {r^2 - r^2}{r} \right) \right) - \left(\arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{0}{r}\right) \left (\frac{r^2 - 0^2}{r} \right) \right) \\
L &= 2r^2 (\arcsin(1) + 0 - (\arcsin(0) + 0)) \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
L &= \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas elips <math>L = \pi ab</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a} \text{ serta (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0), } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
\text{dengan anggapan bahwa lingkaran mempunyai memotong titik (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0) serta pusatnya setitik dengan pusat elips, } \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{\frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx}{4 \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx} \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{b}{a} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} L_\text{ling} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} \pi a^2 \\
L_\text{elips} &= \pi ab
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa luas daerah yang dibatasi y=x<sup>2</sup>-2x dan y=4x+7!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
x^-2x &= 4x+7 \\
x^2-6x-7 &= 0 \\
(x+1)(x-7) &= 0 \\
x=-1 &\text{ atau } x=7 \\
y &= 4(-1)+7 = 3 \\
y &= 4(7)+7 = 35 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (-1,3) dan (7,35) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
L &= \int_{-1}^{7} 4x+7-(x^2-2x)\,dx \\
&= \int_{-1}^{7} -x^2+6x+7\,dx \\
&= -\frac{x^3}{3}+3x^2+7x|_{-1}^{7} \\
&= -\frac{7^3}{3}+3(7)^2+7(7)-(-\frac{(-1)^3}{3}+3(-1)^2+7(-1)) \\
&= \frac{245}{3}-(-\frac{13}{3}) \\
&= \frac{258}{3} \\
&= 86 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa volume benda putar yang dibatasi y=6-1,5x, y=x-4 dan x=0 mengelilingi sumbu x sejauh 360°!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
6-1,5x &= x-4 \\
2,5x &= 10 \\
x &= 4 \\
y &= 4-4 = 0 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (4,0) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
\text{untuk x=0 } \\
y &= 6-1,5(0) = 6 \\
y &= 0-4 = -4 \\
L &= \pi \int_{0}^{4} ((6-1,5x)^2-(x-4)^2)\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (36-18x+2,25x^2-(x^2-8x+16))\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (1,25x^2-10x+20)\,dx \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25x^3}{3}-5x^2+20x)|_{0}^{4} \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25(4)^3}{3}-5(4)^2+20(4)-(\frac{1,25(0)^3}{3}-5(0)^2+20(0))) \\
&= \pi (\frac{30}{3}-0) \\
&= 10\pi \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
os2grrx6ex10itok73k3udzr0u7n2yx
114867
114866
2026-04-12T02:07:42Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* integral parsial */
114867
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Kaidah umum ==
:# <math>\int af(x)\,dx = a\int f(x)\,dx \qquad\mbox{(}a \mbox{ konstan)}\,\!</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) + g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx + \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) - g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx - \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int f(x)g(x)\,dx = f(x)\int g(x)\,dx - \int \left[f'(x) \left(\int g(x)\,dx\right)\right]\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x)]^n f'(x)\,dx = {[f(x)]^{n+1} \over n+1} + C \qquad\mbox{(untuk } n\neq -1\mbox{)}\,\! </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x)\over f(x)}\,dx= \ln{\left|f(x)\right|} + C </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x) f(x)}\,dx= {1 \over 2} [ f(x) ]^2 + C </math>
:# <math>\int f(x) \, dx = F(x) + C</math>
:# <math>\int_a^b f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a)</math>
== rumus sederhana ==
:<math>\int \, dx = x + C</math>
:<math>\int x^n\,dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int (ax+b)^n\,dx = \frac{(ax+b)^{n+1}}{a(n+1)} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over x} = \ln{\left|x\right|} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over \sqrt{a^2-b^2 x^2}} = \frac{1}{b} \arcsin \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over {a^2+b^2x^2}} = {1 \over ab}\arctan \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over x\sqrt{b^2x^2-a^2}} = {1 \over a}\arcsec \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
; Eksponen dan logaritma
:<math>\int e^x\,dx = e^x + C</math>
:<math>\int a^x\,dx = \frac{a^x}{\ln{a}} + C</math>
:<math>\int \ln \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, \ln {x} - x + C</math>
:<math>\int \, ^b\!\log \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, ^b\!\log \, x - x \cdot \,^b\!\log e + C</math>
; Trigonometri
:<math>\int \sin \, x \, dx = -\cos \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cos \, x \, dx = \sin \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tan \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \cos \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \cot \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sin \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \sec \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sec \, x + \tan \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \csc \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \csc \, x + \cot \, x \right|} + C</math>
; Hiperbolik
:<math>\int \sinh \, x \, dx = \cosh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cosh \, x \, dx = \sinh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tanh \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \cosh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \coth \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sinh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{sech} \, x \, dx = \arctan \,(\sinh \, x) + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{csch} \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \tanh \, {x \over 2} \right|} + C</math>
== Jenis integral ==
=== integral biasa ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara biasa.
: 1. <math>\int x^3 - cos 3x + e^{5x+2} - \frac{1}{2x+5}\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{1}{3+1}x^{3+1} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^4}{4} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-4x^3(5)+6x^2(25)-4x(125)+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-20x^3+150x^2-500x+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x^5-20x^4+150x^3-500x^2+625x\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{150x^4}{4}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
=== integral substitusi ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi.
: 1. <math>\int \frac{\ln \, x}{x}\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \, x\, du = \frac{dx}{x}</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{\ln(x)}{x} dx \\
\int u du \\
\frac{1}{2} u^2 + C \\
\frac{1}{2} ln^2 x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x-5,\, du = dx,\, x = u+5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4\,dx \\
\int (u+5)u^4\,du \\
\int (u^5+5u^4)\,du \\
\frac{1}{6} u^6+u^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x-5)^6+(x-5)^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x^6-6x^5(5)+15x^4(25)-20x^3(125)+15x^2(625)-6x(3125)+15625)+(x^5-5x^4(5)+10x^3(25)-10x^2(125)+5x(625)+3125) + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-5x^5+\frac{125x^4}{2}-\frac{1250x^3}{3}+\frac{3125x^2}{2}-3125x+\frac{15625}{6}+x^5-25x^4+250x^3-1250x^2+3125x+3125 + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral parsial ===
;Cara 1: Rumus
Integral parsial diselesaikan dengan rumus berikut.
: <math>\int u\,dv = uv - \int v\,du </math>
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan rumus.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
: <math>u = x, du = 1 \, dx, dv = \sin \, x \, dx, v = -\cos \, x</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \,dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - \int (-\cos \, x)(1 dx) \\
-x \cos \, x + \int \cos \, x dx \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x,\, du = 1\,dx,\, dv = (x-5)^4\,dx,\, v = \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - \int (\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5)(1\,dx) \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \int \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5\,dx \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6\,dx \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int 2x \ln \,x\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \,x,\, du = \frac{1}{x}\,dx,\, dv = 2x\,dx,\, v = x^2</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int 2x \ln \,x\, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(x^2) - \int (x^2)(\frac{1}{x}\,dx) \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x^2(\frac{1}{x})\,dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x \,dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 4. <math>\int e^x \sin \,x\,dx</math>
ini terjadi dua kali integral parsial
: <math>u = \sin \,x,\, du = \cos \,x\,dx,\, dv = e^x\,dx,\, v = e^x</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int e^x \sin \,x\, dx \\
(\sin \,x)(e^x) - \int (e^x)(\cos \,x\,dx) \\
e^x \sin \,x - \int e^x \cos \,x\,dx \\
: <math>u = \cos \,x,\, du = -\sin \,x\,dx,\, dv = e^x\,dx,\, v = e^x</math>
(\cos \,x)(e^x) - \int (e^x)(-\sin \,x\,dx) \\
e^x \cos \,x + \int e^x \sin \,x\,dx \\
e^x \sin \,x - (e^x \cos \,x + \int e^x \sin \,x\,dx) \\
e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - \int e^x \sin \,x\,dx \\
\text{misalkan } I = \int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - I \\
2I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x \\
I &= \frac{e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x}{2} \\
&= \frac{e^x \sin \,x}{2} - \frac{e^x \cos \,x}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
;Cara 2: Tabel
Untuk <math display="inline">\int u\,dv</math>, berlaku ketentuan sebagai berikut.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>u</math> || <math>dv</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{du}{dx}</math> || <math>v</math>
|-
| + || <math>\frac{d^2u}{dx^2}</math> || <math>\int v\,dx</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan tabel.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>\sin \, x</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>-\cos \, x</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>-\sin \, x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \, dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - (1)(-\sin \, x) + C \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>(x-5)^4</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - (1)(\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6) + C \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6 + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int 2x \ln \,x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>\ln \,x</math> || <math>2x</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{1}{x}</math> || <math>x^2</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(x^2) - \int (\frac{1}{x})(x^2) \, dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x \, dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 4. <math>\int e^x \sin \,x \, dx</math>
ini terjadi dua kali integral parsial
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>\sin \,x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|-
| - || <math>\cos \, x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|-
| + || <math>-\sin \,x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
(\sin \,x)(e^x) - (\cos \,x)(e^x) + \int (-\sin \,x)(e^x) \, dx \\
e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - \int e^x \sin \,x) \, dx \\
\text{misalkan } I = \int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - I \\
2I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x \\
I &= \frac{e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x}{2} \\
&= \frac{e^x \sin \,x}{2} - \frac{e^x \cos \,x}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral pecahan parsial ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial untuk persamaan pecahan (rasional).
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4}</math>
Pertama, pisahkan pecahan tersebut.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; \frac{1}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{(x + 2)(x - 2)} \\
=&\; \frac{A}{x + 2} + \frac{B}{x - 2} \\
=&\; \frac{A(x - 2) + B(x + 2)}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{(A + B)x - 2(A - B)}{x^2 - 4}
\end{aligned}
</math>
Kita tahu bahwa <math display="inline">A + B = 0</math> dan <math display="inline">A - B = -\frac{1}{2}</math> dapat diselesaikan, yaitu <math display="inline">A = -\frac{1}{4}</math> dan {{nowrap|<math display="inline">B = \frac{1}{4}</math>.}}
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \int -\frac{1}{4 (x + 2)} + \frac{1}{4 (x - 2)}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{1}{x - 2} - \frac{1}{x + 2}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} (\ln|x - 2| - \ln|x + 2|) + C \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \ln|\frac{x - 2}{x + 2}| + C
\end{aligned}</math>
=== integral substitusi trigonometri ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Bentuk !! Substitusi Trigonometri
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 - b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sin \, \alpha </math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 + b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} tan \, \alpha</math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{b^2 x^2 - a^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sec \, \alpha</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi trigonometri.
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 \sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math>
: <math>x = 2 \tan \, A, dx = 2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+4}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(2 \tan \, A)^2 \sqrt{4 + (2 \tan \, A)^2}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 + 4 \tan^2 \, A}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4(1 + \tan^2 \, A)}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 \sec^2 \, A }} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(4 \tan^2 \, A)(2 \sec \, A)} \\
=&\; \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{\tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA
\end{aligned}
</math>
Substitusi berikut dapat dibuat.
: <math>\int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA</math>
: <math>t = \sin \, A, dt = \cos \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A}\,dA \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{dt}{t^2} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \left(-\frac{1}{t}\right) + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 t} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
Ingat bahwa <math display="inline">\sin \, A = \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math> berlaku.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}{4x} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
=== integral mutlak ===
: <math>\int |f(x)| \,dA</math>
buatlah <math>f(x) \ge 0</math> jika hasil x adalah lebih dari 0 maka f(x) sedangkan kurang dari 0 maka -f(x)
: <math>\int_a^c |f(x)| \, dx = \int_a^b f(x) \, dx + \int_b^c -f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a) - F(c) + F(b)</math> jika <math>|f(x)| = \begin{cases} f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) \ge b, \\ -f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) < b. \end{cases}</math>. sebelum membuat f(x) dan -f(x) menentukan nilai x sebagai f(x) ≥ 0 untuk batas-batas wilayah yang menempatkan hasil positif (f(x)) dan negatif (-(f(x)) serta hasil integral mutlak tidak mungkin negatif.
=== integral fungsi ganjil dan integral fungsi genap ===
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
dengan mengingat fungsi ganjil dan fungsi genap yaitu f(-x)=-f(x) untuk fungsi ganjil dan f(-x)=f(x) untuk fungsi genap
maka berlaku untuk integral:
: integral fungsi ganjil
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = 0
: integral fungsi genap
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = <math>2 \int_{0}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral notasi ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = \int_{a-p}^{b-p} f(x) \,dx = \int_{a+p}^{b+p} f(x) \,dx</math>
: <math>\int_a^c f(x) \,dx = \int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx + \int_{b}^{c} f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral terbalik ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = -\int_b^a f(x) \,dx</math>
== Jenis integral lainnya ==
=== panjang busur ===
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>S = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>S = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== luas daerah ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x_2) - f(x_1))\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y_2) - f(y_1))\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>L = \frac {D \sqrt{D}}{6 a^2}</math>
=== luas permukaan benda putar ===
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== volume benda putar ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x))^2\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y))^2\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} ((f(x_2))^2 - (f(x_1))^2)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} ((f(y_2))^2 - (f(y_1))^2)\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>V = |\frac {D^2 \sqrt{D}}{30 a^3}|</math>
== Integral lipat ==
Jenis integral lipat yaitu integral lipat dua dan integral lipat tiga.
;contoh
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx</math>
* <math>\int x^2 cos 3x dx</math>
* <math>\int sin^2 x cos x dx</math>
* <math>\int cos^2 x sin x dx</math>
* <math>\int sec x dx</math>
* <math>\int csc x dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{{12+75x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{misalkan } u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
du &= 10x-2 dx \\
&= 2(5x-1) dx \\
\frac{du}{2} &= (5x-1) dx \\
\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx &= \int \frac{1}{2}u^4 du \\
&= \frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{5}u^5 + C \\
&= \frac{1}{10}(5x^2-2x+7)^5 + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{gunakan integral parsial } \\
\int x^2 cos 3x dx &= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x-\frac{2x}{9} (-cos 3x)+\frac{2}{27} (-sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x+\frac{2x}{9} cos 3x-\frac{2}{27} sin 3x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sin x \\
u &= sin x \\
du &= cos x dx \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int u^2 du \\
&= \frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= \frac{sin^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int \frac{1-cos 2x}{2} cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (1-cos 2x) cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-cos 2x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}(cos 3x+cox x) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2}sin x-\frac{1}{6}sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{sin x}{4}-\frac{sin 3x}{12}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int sin x sin x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int sin x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -(cos 3x-cos (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -cos 3x+cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{sin 3x}{3}+sin x)+C \\
&= -\frac{sin 3x}{12}+\frac{sin x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= cos x \\
u &= cos x \\
du &= -sin x dx \\
-du &= sin x dx \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= -\int u^2 du \\
&= -\frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= -\frac{cos^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int \frac{cos 2x+1}{2} sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (cos 2x+1) sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos 2xsin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}(sin 3x-sin x)+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x-\frac{1}{2}sin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x+\frac{1}{2}sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (-\frac{1}{6}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int cos x cos x sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int (sin 3x-sin (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int sin 3x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{cos 3x}{3}-cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int sec x dx &= \int sec x \frac{sec x+tan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sec x+tan x \\
u &= sec x+tan x \\
du &= sec xtan x+sec^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= ln u+C \\
&= ln |sec x+tan x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int csc x dx &= \int csc x \frac{csc x+cot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= csc x+cot x \\
u &= csc x+cot x \\
du &= -csc xcot x-csc^2 x dx \\
-du &= csc xcot x+csc^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= -\int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= -ln u+C \\
&= -ln |csc x+cot x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx &= \int \frac{1}{(2x-3)(x-1)} dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A(x-1)+B(2x-3)}{(2x-3)(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{Ax-A+2Bx-3B}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{(A+2B)x+(-A-3B)}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
\text{cari nilai A dan B dari 0=A+2B dan 1=-A-3B adalah 2 dan -1} \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{2}{(2x-3)}+\frac{-1}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= ln |2x-3|-ln |x-1|+C \\
&= ln |\frac{2x-3}{x-1}|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx \\
x &= \frac{5}{12} sin A \\
dx &= \frac{5}{12} cos A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-288(\frac{5}{12} sin A)^2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-\frac{288 \cdot 25}{144} sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-50 sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50(1-sin^2 A)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50cos^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{5cos A \sqrt{2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} dA \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} \int dA \\
&= A+C \\
A &= arc sin \frac{12x}{5} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} arc sin \frac{12x}{5}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx \\
x &= \frac{2}{5} tan A \\
dx &= \frac{2}{5} sec^2 A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+75(\frac{2}{5} tan A)^2} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+\frac{75 \cdot 4}{25} tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+12 tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 (1+tan^2 A)} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 sec^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{1}{30} dA \\
&= \frac{A}{30}+C \\
A &= arc tan \frac{5x}{2} \\
&= \frac{arc tan \frac{5x}{2}}{30}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx \\
x &= \frac{7}{11} sec A \\
dx &= \frac{7}{11} sec A tan A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{7}{11} sec A tan A}{11(\frac{7}{11} sec A)\sqrt{605(\frac{7}{11} sec A)^2-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A} {11 sec A\sqrt{\frac{605 \cdot 49}{121} sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245(sec^2 A-1)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245tan^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{77\sqrt{5} sec A tan A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{5}}{385} dA \\
&= \frac{A\sqrt{5}}{385}+C \\
A &= arc sec \frac{11x}{7} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{5}arc sec \frac{11x}{7}}{385}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec^2 x \\
\int sec^2 x dx &= tan x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc^2 x \\
\int csc^2 x dx &= -cot x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=sin x, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec x \cdot tan x \\
\int sec x \cdot tan x dx &= sec x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=cos x, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc x \cdot cot x \\
\int csc x \cdot cot x dx &= -csc x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx \\
\text{misalkan } y = \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y &= \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y^2 &= \frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}} \\
&= \frac{x}{y} \\
y^3 &= x \\
3y^2 dy &= dx \\
\int y \cdot 3y^2 dy \\
\int 3y^3 dy \\
\frac{3y^4}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx &= \left. x^2 - 3x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= 10 - (-2) \\
&= 12 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai harga nol } \\
x-2 &= 0 \\
x &= 2 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu kurang dari 2 bernilai - sedangkan minimal dari 2 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x-2| = \begin{cases} x-2, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 2, \\ -(x-2), & \mbox{jika } x < 2. \end{cases} \\
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx &= \int_{2}^{4} x-2 dx + \int_{0}^{2} -(x-2) dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^2}{2}-2x) \right|_{2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{-x^2}{2}+2x) \right|_{0}^{2} \\
&= 0 - (-2) + 2 - 0 \\
&= 4 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
3-x &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
x &= 3 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu lebih dari 3 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari 3 bernilai + berarti } \\
|3-x| = \begin{cases} 3-x, & \mbox{jika } x \le 3, \\ -(3-x), & \mbox{jika } x > 3. \end{cases} \\
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx &= \int_{2}^{3} 3-x dx + \int_{3}^{4} -(3-x) dx \\
&= \left. (3x-\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{2}^{3} + \left. (-3x+\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{3}^{4} \\
&= 4.5 - 4 - 4 - (-4.5) \\
&= 1 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx &= \left. \frac{x^3}{3}-3x^2+8x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= \frac{20}{3} - \frac{16}{3} \\
&= \frac{4}{3} \\
&= 1\frac{1}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
x^2-2x-8 &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
(x+2)(x-4) &= 0 \\
x = -2 \text{ atau } x = 4 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu antara -2 dan 4 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari -2 dan minimal dari 4 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x^2-2x-8| = \begin{cases} x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \le -2, \\ -(x^2-2x-8), & \mbox{jika } -2 < x < 4, \\ x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 4 \end{cases} \\
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx &= \int_{-3}^{-2} x^2-2x-8 dx + \int_{-2}^{4} -(x^2-2x-8) dx + \int_{4}^{5} x^2-2x-8 dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{-3}^{-2} + \left. (\frac{-x^3}{3}+x^2+8x) \right|_{-2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{4}^{5} \\
&= \frac{28}{3} - 6 + \frac{80}{3} - (-\frac{28}{3}) - \frac{70}{3} - (-\frac{80}{3}) \\
&= \frac{128}{3} \\
&= 42\frac{2}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} x^2 \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} xy \quad (y = x)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x^2</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x^2\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} x^3 \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} xy \quad (y = x^2)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = \sqrt{x}</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int \sqrt{x}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} xy \quad (y = \sqrt{x})
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi <math>L = s^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = s \text{ dan titik (''s'', ''s''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{s} s\,dx \\
L &= sx |_{0}^{s} \\
L &= ss - 0 \\
L &= s^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi panjang <math>L = pl</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = l \text{dan titik (''p'', ''l''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{p} l\,dx \\
L &= lx |_{0}^{p} \\
L &= pl - 0 \\
L &= pl
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
* Buktikan luas segitiga <math>L = \frac{at}{2}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{-tx}{a} + t \text { dan titik (''a'', ''t''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{a} \left (\frac{-tx}{a} + t \right) \,dx \\
L &= \left. \frac{-tx^2}{2a} + tx \right|_{0}^{a} \\
L &= \frac{-ta^2}{2a} + ta - 0 + 0 \\
L &= \frac{-ta}{2} + ta \\
L &= \frac{at}{2}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume tabung <math>V = \pi r^2t</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ Dengan posisi } y = r \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} r^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi r^2t - 0 \\
V &= \pi r^2t
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume kerucut <math>V = \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{rx}{t} \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} \left (\frac{rx}{t} \right)^2 \,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. \frac{r^2 x^3}{3t^2} \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi \frac{r^2 t^3}{3t^2} - 0 \\
V &= \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume bola <math>V = \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \left(\sqrt {r^2 - x^2}\right)^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r^2 - x^2 dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x - \frac{x^3}{3} \right|_{-r}^{r} \\
V &= \pi \left (r^3 - \frac{r^3}{3} - \left (-r^3 + \frac{r^3}{3} \right) \right) \\
V &= \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas permukaan bola <math>L = 4 \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), Kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{selanjutnya } \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + \frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
\text{sehingga } \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \cdot \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi rx|_{-r}^{r} \\
L &= 2 \pi (r r - r (-r)) \\
L &= 2 \pi (r^2 + r^2) \\
L &= 4 \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan keliling lingkaran <math>K = 2 \pi r</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0) } \\
\text{kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{sehingga } \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2})}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{1}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \frac{1}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \left. \arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \right|_{0}^{r} \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{r}{r}\right) - \arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) \right) \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin\left (1 \right) - \arcsin \left(0 \right) \right)) \\
K &= 4r \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
K &= 2 \pi r
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas lingkaran <math>L = \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), dibuat trigonometri dan turunannya terlebih dahulu. } \\
\sin(\theta) &= \frac{x}{r} \\
x &= r \sin(\theta) \\
dx &= r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta \\
\text{dengan turunan di atas } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - (r \sin(\theta))^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - r^2 \sin^2(\theta)}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 (1 - \sin^2(\theta))}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta)\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta) (r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta) \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r^2 \cos^2(\theta)\,d\theta \\
L &= 4r^2 \int_{0}^{r} \left(\frac{1 + \cos(2\theta)}{2}\right)\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \int_{0}^{r} (1 + \cos(2\theta))\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\theta + \frac{1}{2} \sin(2\theta) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 (\theta + \sin(\theta) \cos(\theta))|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \left (\frac{r^2 - x^2}{r} \right) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left(\frac{r}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{r}{r} \right) \left (\frac {r^2 - r^2}{r} \right) \right) - \left(\arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{0}{r}\right) \left (\frac{r^2 - 0^2}{r} \right) \right) \\
L &= 2r^2 (\arcsin(1) + 0 - (\arcsin(0) + 0)) \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
L &= \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas elips <math>L = \pi ab</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a} \text{ serta (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0), } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
\text{dengan anggapan bahwa lingkaran mempunyai memotong titik (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0) serta pusatnya setitik dengan pusat elips, } \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{\frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx}{4 \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx} \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{b}{a} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} L_\text{ling} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} \pi a^2 \\
L_\text{elips} &= \pi ab
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa luas daerah yang dibatasi y=x<sup>2</sup>-2x dan y=4x+7!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
x^-2x &= 4x+7 \\
x^2-6x-7 &= 0 \\
(x+1)(x-7) &= 0 \\
x=-1 &\text{ atau } x=7 \\
y &= 4(-1)+7 = 3 \\
y &= 4(7)+7 = 35 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (-1,3) dan (7,35) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
L &= \int_{-1}^{7} 4x+7-(x^2-2x)\,dx \\
&= \int_{-1}^{7} -x^2+6x+7\,dx \\
&= -\frac{x^3}{3}+3x^2+7x|_{-1}^{7} \\
&= -\frac{7^3}{3}+3(7)^2+7(7)-(-\frac{(-1)^3}{3}+3(-1)^2+7(-1)) \\
&= \frac{245}{3}-(-\frac{13}{3}) \\
&= \frac{258}{3} \\
&= 86 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa volume benda putar yang dibatasi y=6-1,5x, y=x-4 dan x=0 mengelilingi sumbu x sejauh 360°!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
6-1,5x &= x-4 \\
2,5x &= 10 \\
x &= 4 \\
y &= 4-4 = 0 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (4,0) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
\text{untuk x=0 } \\
y &= 6-1,5(0) = 6 \\
y &= 0-4 = -4 \\
L &= \pi \int_{0}^{4} ((6-1,5x)^2-(x-4)^2)\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (36-18x+2,25x^2-(x^2-8x+16))\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (1,25x^2-10x+20)\,dx \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25x^3}{3}-5x^2+20x)|_{0}^{4} \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25(4)^3}{3}-5(4)^2+20(4)-(\frac{1,25(0)^3}{3}-5(0)^2+20(0))) \\
&= \pi (\frac{30}{3}-0) \\
&= 10\pi \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
lt0a0rubulrysfpx36uh4eryl01iylj
114868
114867
2026-04-12T02:09:00Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* integral parsial */
114868
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Kaidah umum ==
:# <math>\int af(x)\,dx = a\int f(x)\,dx \qquad\mbox{(}a \mbox{ konstan)}\,\!</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) + g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx + \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) - g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx - \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int f(x)g(x)\,dx = f(x)\int g(x)\,dx - \int \left[f'(x) \left(\int g(x)\,dx\right)\right]\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x)]^n f'(x)\,dx = {[f(x)]^{n+1} \over n+1} + C \qquad\mbox{(untuk } n\neq -1\mbox{)}\,\! </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x)\over f(x)}\,dx= \ln{\left|f(x)\right|} + C </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x) f(x)}\,dx= {1 \over 2} [ f(x) ]^2 + C </math>
:# <math>\int f(x) \, dx = F(x) + C</math>
:# <math>\int_a^b f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a)</math>
== rumus sederhana ==
:<math>\int \, dx = x + C</math>
:<math>\int x^n\,dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int (ax+b)^n\,dx = \frac{(ax+b)^{n+1}}{a(n+1)} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over x} = \ln{\left|x\right|} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over \sqrt{a^2-b^2 x^2}} = \frac{1}{b} \arcsin \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over {a^2+b^2x^2}} = {1 \over ab}\arctan \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over x\sqrt{b^2x^2-a^2}} = {1 \over a}\arcsec \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
; Eksponen dan logaritma
:<math>\int e^x\,dx = e^x + C</math>
:<math>\int a^x\,dx = \frac{a^x}{\ln{a}} + C</math>
:<math>\int \ln \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, \ln {x} - x + C</math>
:<math>\int \, ^b\!\log \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, ^b\!\log \, x - x \cdot \,^b\!\log e + C</math>
; Trigonometri
:<math>\int \sin \, x \, dx = -\cos \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cos \, x \, dx = \sin \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tan \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \cos \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \cot \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sin \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \sec \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sec \, x + \tan \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \csc \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \csc \, x + \cot \, x \right|} + C</math>
; Hiperbolik
:<math>\int \sinh \, x \, dx = \cosh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cosh \, x \, dx = \sinh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tanh \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \cosh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \coth \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sinh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{sech} \, x \, dx = \arctan \,(\sinh \, x) + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{csch} \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \tanh \, {x \over 2} \right|} + C</math>
== Jenis integral ==
=== integral biasa ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara biasa.
: 1. <math>\int x^3 - cos 3x + e^{5x+2} - \frac{1}{2x+5}\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{1}{3+1}x^{3+1} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^4}{4} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-4x^3(5)+6x^2(25)-4x(125)+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-20x^3+150x^2-500x+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x^5-20x^4+150x^3-500x^2+625x\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{150x^4}{4}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
=== integral substitusi ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi.
: 1. <math>\int \frac{\ln \, x}{x}\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \, x\, du = \frac{dx}{x}</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{\ln(x)}{x} dx \\
\int u du \\
\frac{1}{2} u^2 + C \\
\frac{1}{2} ln^2 x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x-5,\, du = dx,\, x = u+5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4\,dx \\
\int (u+5)u^4\,du \\
\int (u^5+5u^4)\,du \\
\frac{1}{6} u^6+u^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x-5)^6+(x-5)^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x^6-6x^5(5)+15x^4(25)-20x^3(125)+15x^2(625)-6x(3125)+15625)+(x^5-5x^4(5)+10x^3(25)-10x^2(125)+5x(625)+3125) + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-5x^5+\frac{125x^4}{2}-\frac{1250x^3}{3}+\frac{3125x^2}{2}-3125x+\frac{15625}{6}+x^5-25x^4+250x^3-1250x^2+3125x+3125 + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral parsial ===
;Cara 1: Rumus
Integral parsial diselesaikan dengan rumus berikut.
: <math>\int u\,dv = uv - \int v\,du </math>
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan rumus.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
: <math>u = x, du = 1 \, dx, dv = \sin \, x \, dx, v = -\cos \, x</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \,dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - \int (-\cos \, x)(1 dx) \\
-x \cos \, x + \int \cos \, x dx \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x,\, du = 1\,dx,\, dv = (x-5)^4\,dx,\, v = \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - \int (\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5)(1\,dx) \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \int \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5\,dx \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6\,dx \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int 2x \ln \,x\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \,x,\, du = \frac{1}{x}\,dx,\, dv = 2x\,dx,\, v = x^2</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int 2x \ln \,x\, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(x^2) - \int (x^2)(\frac{1}{x}\,dx) \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x^2(\frac{1}{x})\,dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x \,dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 4. <math>\int e^x \sin \,x\,dx</math>
ini terjadi dua kali integral parsial
: <math>u = \sin \,x,\, du = \cos \,x\,dx,\, dv = e^x\,dx,\, v = e^x</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int e^x \sin \,x\, dx \\
(\sin \,x)(e^x) - \int (e^x)(\cos \,x\,dx) \\
e^x \sin \,x - \int e^x \cos \,x\,dx \\
u = \cos \,x,\, du = -\sin \,x\,dx,\, dv = e^x\,dx,\, v = e^x \\
(\cos \,x)(e^x) - \int (e^x)(-\sin \,x\,dx) \\
e^x \cos \,x + \int e^x \sin \,x\,dx \\
e^x \sin \,x - (e^x \cos \,x + \int e^x \sin \,x\,dx) \\
e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - \int e^x \sin \,x\,dx \\
\text{misalkan } I = \int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - I \\
2I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x \\
I &= \frac{e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x}{2} \\
&= \frac{e^x \sin \,x}{2} - \frac{e^x \cos \,x}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
;Cara 2: Tabel
Untuk <math display="inline">\int u\,dv</math>, berlaku ketentuan sebagai berikut.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>u</math> || <math>dv</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{du}{dx}</math> || <math>v</math>
|-
| + || <math>\frac{d^2u}{dx^2}</math> || <math>\int v\,dx</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan tabel.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>\sin \, x</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>-\cos \, x</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>-\sin \, x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \, dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - (1)(-\sin \, x) + C \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>(x-5)^4</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - (1)(\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6) + C \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6 + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int 2x \ln \,x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>\ln \,x</math> || <math>2x</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{1}{x}</math> || <math>x^2</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(x^2) - \int (\frac{1}{x})(x^2) \, dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x \, dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 4. <math>\int e^x \sin \,x \, dx</math>
ini terjadi dua kali integral parsial
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>\sin \,x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|-
| - || <math>\cos \, x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|-
| + || <math>-\sin \,x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
(\sin \,x)(e^x) - (\cos \,x)(e^x) + \int (-\sin \,x)(e^x) \, dx \\
e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - \int e^x \sin \,x) \, dx \\
\text{misalkan } I = \int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - I \\
2I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x \\
I &= \frac{e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x}{2} \\
&= \frac{e^x \sin \,x}{2} - \frac{e^x \cos \,x}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral pecahan parsial ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial untuk persamaan pecahan (rasional).
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4}</math>
Pertama, pisahkan pecahan tersebut.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; \frac{1}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{(x + 2)(x - 2)} \\
=&\; \frac{A}{x + 2} + \frac{B}{x - 2} \\
=&\; \frac{A(x - 2) + B(x + 2)}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{(A + B)x - 2(A - B)}{x^2 - 4}
\end{aligned}
</math>
Kita tahu bahwa <math display="inline">A + B = 0</math> dan <math display="inline">A - B = -\frac{1}{2}</math> dapat diselesaikan, yaitu <math display="inline">A = -\frac{1}{4}</math> dan {{nowrap|<math display="inline">B = \frac{1}{4}</math>.}}
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \int -\frac{1}{4 (x + 2)} + \frac{1}{4 (x - 2)}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{1}{x - 2} - \frac{1}{x + 2}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} (\ln|x - 2| - \ln|x + 2|) + C \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \ln|\frac{x - 2}{x + 2}| + C
\end{aligned}</math>
=== integral substitusi trigonometri ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Bentuk !! Substitusi Trigonometri
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 - b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sin \, \alpha </math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 + b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} tan \, \alpha</math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{b^2 x^2 - a^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sec \, \alpha</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi trigonometri.
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 \sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math>
: <math>x = 2 \tan \, A, dx = 2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+4}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(2 \tan \, A)^2 \sqrt{4 + (2 \tan \, A)^2}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 + 4 \tan^2 \, A}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4(1 + \tan^2 \, A)}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 \sec^2 \, A }} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(4 \tan^2 \, A)(2 \sec \, A)} \\
=&\; \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{\tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA
\end{aligned}
</math>
Substitusi berikut dapat dibuat.
: <math>\int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA</math>
: <math>t = \sin \, A, dt = \cos \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A}\,dA \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{dt}{t^2} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \left(-\frac{1}{t}\right) + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 t} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
Ingat bahwa <math display="inline">\sin \, A = \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math> berlaku.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}{4x} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
=== integral mutlak ===
: <math>\int |f(x)| \,dA</math>
buatlah <math>f(x) \ge 0</math> jika hasil x adalah lebih dari 0 maka f(x) sedangkan kurang dari 0 maka -f(x)
: <math>\int_a^c |f(x)| \, dx = \int_a^b f(x) \, dx + \int_b^c -f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a) - F(c) + F(b)</math> jika <math>|f(x)| = \begin{cases} f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) \ge b, \\ -f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) < b. \end{cases}</math>. sebelum membuat f(x) dan -f(x) menentukan nilai x sebagai f(x) ≥ 0 untuk batas-batas wilayah yang menempatkan hasil positif (f(x)) dan negatif (-(f(x)) serta hasil integral mutlak tidak mungkin negatif.
=== integral fungsi ganjil dan integral fungsi genap ===
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
dengan mengingat fungsi ganjil dan fungsi genap yaitu f(-x)=-f(x) untuk fungsi ganjil dan f(-x)=f(x) untuk fungsi genap
maka berlaku untuk integral:
: integral fungsi ganjil
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = 0
: integral fungsi genap
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = <math>2 \int_{0}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral notasi ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = \int_{a-p}^{b-p} f(x) \,dx = \int_{a+p}^{b+p} f(x) \,dx</math>
: <math>\int_a^c f(x) \,dx = \int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx + \int_{b}^{c} f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral terbalik ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = -\int_b^a f(x) \,dx</math>
== Jenis integral lainnya ==
=== panjang busur ===
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>S = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>S = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== luas daerah ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x_2) - f(x_1))\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y_2) - f(y_1))\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>L = \frac {D \sqrt{D}}{6 a^2}</math>
=== luas permukaan benda putar ===
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== volume benda putar ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x))^2\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y))^2\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} ((f(x_2))^2 - (f(x_1))^2)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} ((f(y_2))^2 - (f(y_1))^2)\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>V = |\frac {D^2 \sqrt{D}}{30 a^3}|</math>
== Integral lipat ==
Jenis integral lipat yaitu integral lipat dua dan integral lipat tiga.
;contoh
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx</math>
* <math>\int x^2 cos 3x dx</math>
* <math>\int sin^2 x cos x dx</math>
* <math>\int cos^2 x sin x dx</math>
* <math>\int sec x dx</math>
* <math>\int csc x dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{{12+75x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{misalkan } u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
du &= 10x-2 dx \\
&= 2(5x-1) dx \\
\frac{du}{2} &= (5x-1) dx \\
\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx &= \int \frac{1}{2}u^4 du \\
&= \frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{5}u^5 + C \\
&= \frac{1}{10}(5x^2-2x+7)^5 + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{gunakan integral parsial } \\
\int x^2 cos 3x dx &= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x-\frac{2x}{9} (-cos 3x)+\frac{2}{27} (-sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x+\frac{2x}{9} cos 3x-\frac{2}{27} sin 3x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sin x \\
u &= sin x \\
du &= cos x dx \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int u^2 du \\
&= \frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= \frac{sin^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int \frac{1-cos 2x}{2} cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (1-cos 2x) cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-cos 2x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}(cos 3x+cox x) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2}sin x-\frac{1}{6}sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{sin x}{4}-\frac{sin 3x}{12}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int sin x sin x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int sin x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -(cos 3x-cos (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -cos 3x+cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{sin 3x}{3}+sin x)+C \\
&= -\frac{sin 3x}{12}+\frac{sin x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= cos x \\
u &= cos x \\
du &= -sin x dx \\
-du &= sin x dx \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= -\int u^2 du \\
&= -\frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= -\frac{cos^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int \frac{cos 2x+1}{2} sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (cos 2x+1) sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos 2xsin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}(sin 3x-sin x)+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x-\frac{1}{2}sin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x+\frac{1}{2}sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (-\frac{1}{6}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int cos x cos x sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int (sin 3x-sin (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int sin 3x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{cos 3x}{3}-cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int sec x dx &= \int sec x \frac{sec x+tan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sec x+tan x \\
u &= sec x+tan x \\
du &= sec xtan x+sec^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= ln u+C \\
&= ln |sec x+tan x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int csc x dx &= \int csc x \frac{csc x+cot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= csc x+cot x \\
u &= csc x+cot x \\
du &= -csc xcot x-csc^2 x dx \\
-du &= csc xcot x+csc^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= -\int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= -ln u+C \\
&= -ln |csc x+cot x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx &= \int \frac{1}{(2x-3)(x-1)} dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A(x-1)+B(2x-3)}{(2x-3)(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{Ax-A+2Bx-3B}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{(A+2B)x+(-A-3B)}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
\text{cari nilai A dan B dari 0=A+2B dan 1=-A-3B adalah 2 dan -1} \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{2}{(2x-3)}+\frac{-1}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= ln |2x-3|-ln |x-1|+C \\
&= ln |\frac{2x-3}{x-1}|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx \\
x &= \frac{5}{12} sin A \\
dx &= \frac{5}{12} cos A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-288(\frac{5}{12} sin A)^2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-\frac{288 \cdot 25}{144} sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-50 sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50(1-sin^2 A)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50cos^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{5cos A \sqrt{2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} dA \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} \int dA \\
&= A+C \\
A &= arc sin \frac{12x}{5} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} arc sin \frac{12x}{5}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx \\
x &= \frac{2}{5} tan A \\
dx &= \frac{2}{5} sec^2 A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+75(\frac{2}{5} tan A)^2} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+\frac{75 \cdot 4}{25} tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+12 tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 (1+tan^2 A)} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 sec^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{1}{30} dA \\
&= \frac{A}{30}+C \\
A &= arc tan \frac{5x}{2} \\
&= \frac{arc tan \frac{5x}{2}}{30}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx \\
x &= \frac{7}{11} sec A \\
dx &= \frac{7}{11} sec A tan A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{7}{11} sec A tan A}{11(\frac{7}{11} sec A)\sqrt{605(\frac{7}{11} sec A)^2-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A} {11 sec A\sqrt{\frac{605 \cdot 49}{121} sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245(sec^2 A-1)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245tan^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{77\sqrt{5} sec A tan A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{5}}{385} dA \\
&= \frac{A\sqrt{5}}{385}+C \\
A &= arc sec \frac{11x}{7} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{5}arc sec \frac{11x}{7}}{385}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec^2 x \\
\int sec^2 x dx &= tan x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc^2 x \\
\int csc^2 x dx &= -cot x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=sin x, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec x \cdot tan x \\
\int sec x \cdot tan x dx &= sec x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=cos x, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc x \cdot cot x \\
\int csc x \cdot cot x dx &= -csc x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx \\
\text{misalkan } y = \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y &= \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y^2 &= \frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}} \\
&= \frac{x}{y} \\
y^3 &= x \\
3y^2 dy &= dx \\
\int y \cdot 3y^2 dy \\
\int 3y^3 dy \\
\frac{3y^4}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx &= \left. x^2 - 3x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= 10 - (-2) \\
&= 12 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai harga nol } \\
x-2 &= 0 \\
x &= 2 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu kurang dari 2 bernilai - sedangkan minimal dari 2 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x-2| = \begin{cases} x-2, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 2, \\ -(x-2), & \mbox{jika } x < 2. \end{cases} \\
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx &= \int_{2}^{4} x-2 dx + \int_{0}^{2} -(x-2) dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^2}{2}-2x) \right|_{2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{-x^2}{2}+2x) \right|_{0}^{2} \\
&= 0 - (-2) + 2 - 0 \\
&= 4 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
3-x &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
x &= 3 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu lebih dari 3 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari 3 bernilai + berarti } \\
|3-x| = \begin{cases} 3-x, & \mbox{jika } x \le 3, \\ -(3-x), & \mbox{jika } x > 3. \end{cases} \\
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx &= \int_{2}^{3} 3-x dx + \int_{3}^{4} -(3-x) dx \\
&= \left. (3x-\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{2}^{3} + \left. (-3x+\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{3}^{4} \\
&= 4.5 - 4 - 4 - (-4.5) \\
&= 1 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx &= \left. \frac{x^3}{3}-3x^2+8x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= \frac{20}{3} - \frac{16}{3} \\
&= \frac{4}{3} \\
&= 1\frac{1}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
x^2-2x-8 &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
(x+2)(x-4) &= 0 \\
x = -2 \text{ atau } x = 4 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu antara -2 dan 4 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari -2 dan minimal dari 4 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x^2-2x-8| = \begin{cases} x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \le -2, \\ -(x^2-2x-8), & \mbox{jika } -2 < x < 4, \\ x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 4 \end{cases} \\
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx &= \int_{-3}^{-2} x^2-2x-8 dx + \int_{-2}^{4} -(x^2-2x-8) dx + \int_{4}^{5} x^2-2x-8 dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{-3}^{-2} + \left. (\frac{-x^3}{3}+x^2+8x) \right|_{-2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{4}^{5} \\
&= \frac{28}{3} - 6 + \frac{80}{3} - (-\frac{28}{3}) - \frac{70}{3} - (-\frac{80}{3}) \\
&= \frac{128}{3} \\
&= 42\frac{2}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} x^2 \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} xy \quad (y = x)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x^2</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x^2\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} x^3 \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} xy \quad (y = x^2)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = \sqrt{x}</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int \sqrt{x}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} xy \quad (y = \sqrt{x})
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi <math>L = s^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = s \text{ dan titik (''s'', ''s''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{s} s\,dx \\
L &= sx |_{0}^{s} \\
L &= ss - 0 \\
L &= s^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi panjang <math>L = pl</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = l \text{dan titik (''p'', ''l''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{p} l\,dx \\
L &= lx |_{0}^{p} \\
L &= pl - 0 \\
L &= pl
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
* Buktikan luas segitiga <math>L = \frac{at}{2}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{-tx}{a} + t \text { dan titik (''a'', ''t''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{a} \left (\frac{-tx}{a} + t \right) \,dx \\
L &= \left. \frac{-tx^2}{2a} + tx \right|_{0}^{a} \\
L &= \frac{-ta^2}{2a} + ta - 0 + 0 \\
L &= \frac{-ta}{2} + ta \\
L &= \frac{at}{2}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume tabung <math>V = \pi r^2t</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ Dengan posisi } y = r \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} r^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi r^2t - 0 \\
V &= \pi r^2t
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume kerucut <math>V = \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{rx}{t} \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} \left (\frac{rx}{t} \right)^2 \,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. \frac{r^2 x^3}{3t^2} \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi \frac{r^2 t^3}{3t^2} - 0 \\
V &= \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume bola <math>V = \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \left(\sqrt {r^2 - x^2}\right)^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r^2 - x^2 dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x - \frac{x^3}{3} \right|_{-r}^{r} \\
V &= \pi \left (r^3 - \frac{r^3}{3} - \left (-r^3 + \frac{r^3}{3} \right) \right) \\
V &= \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas permukaan bola <math>L = 4 \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), Kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{selanjutnya } \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + \frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
\text{sehingga } \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \cdot \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi rx|_{-r}^{r} \\
L &= 2 \pi (r r - r (-r)) \\
L &= 2 \pi (r^2 + r^2) \\
L &= 4 \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan keliling lingkaran <math>K = 2 \pi r</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0) } \\
\text{kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{sehingga } \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2})}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{1}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \frac{1}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \left. \arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \right|_{0}^{r} \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{r}{r}\right) - \arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) \right) \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin\left (1 \right) - \arcsin \left(0 \right) \right)) \\
K &= 4r \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
K &= 2 \pi r
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas lingkaran <math>L = \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), dibuat trigonometri dan turunannya terlebih dahulu. } \\
\sin(\theta) &= \frac{x}{r} \\
x &= r \sin(\theta) \\
dx &= r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta \\
\text{dengan turunan di atas } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - (r \sin(\theta))^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - r^2 \sin^2(\theta)}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 (1 - \sin^2(\theta))}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta)\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta) (r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta) \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r^2 \cos^2(\theta)\,d\theta \\
L &= 4r^2 \int_{0}^{r} \left(\frac{1 + \cos(2\theta)}{2}\right)\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \int_{0}^{r} (1 + \cos(2\theta))\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\theta + \frac{1}{2} \sin(2\theta) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 (\theta + \sin(\theta) \cos(\theta))|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \left (\frac{r^2 - x^2}{r} \right) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left(\frac{r}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{r}{r} \right) \left (\frac {r^2 - r^2}{r} \right) \right) - \left(\arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{0}{r}\right) \left (\frac{r^2 - 0^2}{r} \right) \right) \\
L &= 2r^2 (\arcsin(1) + 0 - (\arcsin(0) + 0)) \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
L &= \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas elips <math>L = \pi ab</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a} \text{ serta (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0), } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
\text{dengan anggapan bahwa lingkaran mempunyai memotong titik (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0) serta pusatnya setitik dengan pusat elips, } \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{\frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx}{4 \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx} \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{b}{a} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} L_\text{ling} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} \pi a^2 \\
L_\text{elips} &= \pi ab
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa luas daerah yang dibatasi y=x<sup>2</sup>-2x dan y=4x+7!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
x^-2x &= 4x+7 \\
x^2-6x-7 &= 0 \\
(x+1)(x-7) &= 0 \\
x=-1 &\text{ atau } x=7 \\
y &= 4(-1)+7 = 3 \\
y &= 4(7)+7 = 35 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (-1,3) dan (7,35) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
L &= \int_{-1}^{7} 4x+7-(x^2-2x)\,dx \\
&= \int_{-1}^{7} -x^2+6x+7\,dx \\
&= -\frac{x^3}{3}+3x^2+7x|_{-1}^{7} \\
&= -\frac{7^3}{3}+3(7)^2+7(7)-(-\frac{(-1)^3}{3}+3(-1)^2+7(-1)) \\
&= \frac{245}{3}-(-\frac{13}{3}) \\
&= \frac{258}{3} \\
&= 86 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa volume benda putar yang dibatasi y=6-1,5x, y=x-4 dan x=0 mengelilingi sumbu x sejauh 360°!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
6-1,5x &= x-4 \\
2,5x &= 10 \\
x &= 4 \\
y &= 4-4 = 0 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (4,0) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
\text{untuk x=0 } \\
y &= 6-1,5(0) = 6 \\
y &= 0-4 = -4 \\
L &= \pi \int_{0}^{4} ((6-1,5x)^2-(x-4)^2)\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (36-18x+2,25x^2-(x^2-8x+16))\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (1,25x^2-10x+20)\,dx \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25x^3}{3}-5x^2+20x)|_{0}^{4} \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25(4)^3}{3}-5(4)^2+20(4)-(\frac{1,25(0)^3}{3}-5(0)^2+20(0))) \\
&= \pi (\frac{30}{3}-0) \\
&= 10\pi \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
ag2tis6i2g8cs0duo97htykb3u3tlah
114869
114868
2026-04-12T03:28:24Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* integral parsial */
114869
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Kaidah umum ==
:# <math>\int af(x)\,dx = a\int f(x)\,dx \qquad\mbox{(}a \mbox{ konstan)}\,\!</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) + g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx + \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) - g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx - \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int f(x)g(x)\,dx = f(x)\int g(x)\,dx - \int \left[f'(x) \left(\int g(x)\,dx\right)\right]\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x)]^n f'(x)\,dx = {[f(x)]^{n+1} \over n+1} + C \qquad\mbox{(untuk } n\neq -1\mbox{)}\,\! </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x)\over f(x)}\,dx= \ln{\left|f(x)\right|} + C </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x) f(x)}\,dx= {1 \over 2} [ f(x) ]^2 + C </math>
:# <math>\int f(x) \, dx = F(x) + C</math>
:# <math>\int_a^b f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a)</math>
== rumus sederhana ==
:<math>\int \, dx = x + C</math>
:<math>\int x^n\,dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int (ax+b)^n\,dx = \frac{(ax+b)^{n+1}}{a(n+1)} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over x} = \ln{\left|x\right|} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over \sqrt{a^2-b^2 x^2}} = \frac{1}{b} \arcsin \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over {a^2+b^2x^2}} = {1 \over ab}\arctan \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over x\sqrt{b^2x^2-a^2}} = {1 \over a}\arcsec \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
; Eksponen dan logaritma
:<math>\int e^x\,dx = e^x + C</math>
:<math>\int a^x\,dx = \frac{a^x}{\ln{a}} + C</math>
:<math>\int \ln \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, \ln {x} - x + C</math>
:<math>\int \, ^b\!\log \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, ^b\!\log \, x - x \cdot \,^b\!\log e + C</math>
; Trigonometri
:<math>\int \sin \, x \, dx = -\cos \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cos \, x \, dx = \sin \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tan \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \cos \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \cot \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sin \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \sec \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sec \, x + \tan \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \csc \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \csc \, x + \cot \, x \right|} + C</math>
; Hiperbolik
:<math>\int \sinh \, x \, dx = \cosh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cosh \, x \, dx = \sinh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tanh \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \cosh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \coth \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sinh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{sech} \, x \, dx = \arctan \,(\sinh \, x) + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{csch} \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \tanh \, {x \over 2} \right|} + C</math>
== Jenis integral ==
=== integral biasa ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara biasa.
: 1. <math>\int x^3 - cos 3x + e^{5x+2} - \frac{1}{2x+5}\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{1}{3+1}x^{3+1} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^4}{4} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-4x^3(5)+6x^2(25)-4x(125)+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-20x^3+150x^2-500x+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x^5-20x^4+150x^3-500x^2+625x\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{150x^4}{4}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
=== integral substitusi ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi.
: 1. <math>\int \frac{\ln \, x}{x}\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \, x\, du = \frac{dx}{x}</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{\ln(x)}{x} dx \\
\int u du \\
\frac{1}{2} u^2 + C \\
\frac{1}{2} ln^2 x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x-5,\, du = dx,\, x = u+5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4\,dx \\
\int (u+5)u^4\,du \\
\int (u^5+5u^4)\,du \\
\frac{1}{6} u^6+u^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x-5)^6+(x-5)^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x^6-6x^5(5)+15x^4(25)-20x^3(125)+15x^2(625)-6x(3125)+15625)+(x^5-5x^4(5)+10x^3(25)-10x^2(125)+5x(625)+3125) + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-5x^5+\frac{125x^4}{2}-\frac{1250x^3}{3}+\frac{3125x^2}{2}-3125x+\frac{15625}{6}+x^5-25x^4+250x^3-1250x^2+3125x+3125 + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral parsial ===
;Cara 1: Rumus
Integral parsial diselesaikan dengan rumus berikut.
: <math>\int u\,dv = uv - \int v\,du </math>
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan rumus.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
: <math>u = x, du = 1 \, dx, dv = \sin \, x \, dx, v = -\cos \, x</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \,dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - \int (-\cos \, x)(1 dx) \\
-x \cos \, x + \int \cos \, x dx \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x,\, du = 1\,dx,\, dv = (x-5)^4\,dx,\, v = \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - \int (\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5)(1\,dx) \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \int \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5\,dx \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6\,dx \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int x \ln \,x\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \,x,\, du = \frac{1}{x}\,dx,\, dv = x\,dx,\, v = \frac{x^2}{2}</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \ln \,x\, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(\frac{x^2}{2}) - \int (\frac{x^2}{2})(\frac{1}{x}\,dx) \\
\frac{x^2}{2} \ln \,x - \int \frac{x^2}{2}(\frac{1}{x})\,dx \\
\frac{x^2}{2} \ln \,x - \int \frac{x}{2} \,dx \\
\frac{x^2}{2} \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{4} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 4. <math>\int e^x \sin \,x\,dx</math>
ini terjadi dua kali integral parsial
: <math>u = \sin \,x,\, du = \cos \,x\,dx,\, dv = e^x\,dx,\, v = e^x</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int e^x \sin \,x\, dx \\
(\sin \,x)(e^x) - \int (e^x)(\cos \,x\,dx) \\
e^x \sin \,x - \int e^x \cos \,x\,dx \\
u = \cos \,x,\, du = -\sin \,x\,dx,\, dv = e^x\,dx,\, v = e^x \\
(\cos \,x)(e^x) - \int (e^x)(-\sin \,x\,dx) \\
e^x \cos \,x + \int e^x \sin \,x\,dx \\
e^x \sin \,x - (e^x \cos \,x + \int e^x \sin \,x\,dx) \\
e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - \int e^x \sin \,x\,dx \\
\text{misalkan } I = \int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - I \\
2I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x \\
I &= \frac{e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x}{2} \\
&= \frac{e^x \sin \,x}{2} - \frac{e^x \cos \,x}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
;Cara 2: Tabel
Untuk <math display="inline">\int u\,dv</math>, berlaku ketentuan sebagai berikut.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>u</math> || <math>dv</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{du}{dx}</math> || <math>v</math>
|-
| + || <math>\frac{d^2u}{dx^2}</math> || <math>\int v\,dx</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan tabel.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>\sin \, x</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>-\cos \, x</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>-\sin \, x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \, dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - (1)(-\sin \, x) + C \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>(x-5)^4</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - (1)(\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6) + C \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6 + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int 2x \ln \,x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>\ln \,x</math> || <math>2x</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{1}{x}</math> || <math>x^2</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(x^2) - \int (\frac{1}{x})(x^2) \, dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int x \, dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 4. <math>\int e^x \sin \,x \, dx</math>
ini terjadi dua kali integral parsial
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>\sin \,x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|-
| - || <math>\cos \, x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|-
| + || <math>-\sin \,x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
(\sin \,x)(e^x) - (\cos \,x)(e^x) + \int (-\sin \,x)(e^x) \, dx \\
e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - \int e^x \sin \,x) \, dx \\
\text{misalkan } I = \int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - I \\
2I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x \\
I &= \frac{e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x}{2} \\
&= \frac{e^x \sin \,x}{2} - \frac{e^x \cos \,x}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral pecahan parsial ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial untuk persamaan pecahan (rasional).
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4}</math>
Pertama, pisahkan pecahan tersebut.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; \frac{1}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{(x + 2)(x - 2)} \\
=&\; \frac{A}{x + 2} + \frac{B}{x - 2} \\
=&\; \frac{A(x - 2) + B(x + 2)}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{(A + B)x - 2(A - B)}{x^2 - 4}
\end{aligned}
</math>
Kita tahu bahwa <math display="inline">A + B = 0</math> dan <math display="inline">A - B = -\frac{1}{2}</math> dapat diselesaikan, yaitu <math display="inline">A = -\frac{1}{4}</math> dan {{nowrap|<math display="inline">B = \frac{1}{4}</math>.}}
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \int -\frac{1}{4 (x + 2)} + \frac{1}{4 (x - 2)}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{1}{x - 2} - \frac{1}{x + 2}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} (\ln|x - 2| - \ln|x + 2|) + C \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \ln|\frac{x - 2}{x + 2}| + C
\end{aligned}</math>
=== integral substitusi trigonometri ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Bentuk !! Substitusi Trigonometri
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 - b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sin \, \alpha </math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 + b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} tan \, \alpha</math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{b^2 x^2 - a^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sec \, \alpha</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi trigonometri.
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 \sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math>
: <math>x = 2 \tan \, A, dx = 2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+4}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(2 \tan \, A)^2 \sqrt{4 + (2 \tan \, A)^2}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 + 4 \tan^2 \, A}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4(1 + \tan^2 \, A)}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 \sec^2 \, A }} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(4 \tan^2 \, A)(2 \sec \, A)} \\
=&\; \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{\tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA
\end{aligned}
</math>
Substitusi berikut dapat dibuat.
: <math>\int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA</math>
: <math>t = \sin \, A, dt = \cos \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A}\,dA \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{dt}{t^2} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \left(-\frac{1}{t}\right) + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 t} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
Ingat bahwa <math display="inline">\sin \, A = \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math> berlaku.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}{4x} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
=== integral mutlak ===
: <math>\int |f(x)| \,dA</math>
buatlah <math>f(x) \ge 0</math> jika hasil x adalah lebih dari 0 maka f(x) sedangkan kurang dari 0 maka -f(x)
: <math>\int_a^c |f(x)| \, dx = \int_a^b f(x) \, dx + \int_b^c -f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a) - F(c) + F(b)</math> jika <math>|f(x)| = \begin{cases} f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) \ge b, \\ -f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) < b. \end{cases}</math>. sebelum membuat f(x) dan -f(x) menentukan nilai x sebagai f(x) ≥ 0 untuk batas-batas wilayah yang menempatkan hasil positif (f(x)) dan negatif (-(f(x)) serta hasil integral mutlak tidak mungkin negatif.
=== integral fungsi ganjil dan integral fungsi genap ===
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
dengan mengingat fungsi ganjil dan fungsi genap yaitu f(-x)=-f(x) untuk fungsi ganjil dan f(-x)=f(x) untuk fungsi genap
maka berlaku untuk integral:
: integral fungsi ganjil
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = 0
: integral fungsi genap
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = <math>2 \int_{0}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral notasi ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = \int_{a-p}^{b-p} f(x) \,dx = \int_{a+p}^{b+p} f(x) \,dx</math>
: <math>\int_a^c f(x) \,dx = \int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx + \int_{b}^{c} f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral terbalik ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = -\int_b^a f(x) \,dx</math>
== Jenis integral lainnya ==
=== panjang busur ===
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>S = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>S = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== luas daerah ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x_2) - f(x_1))\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y_2) - f(y_1))\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>L = \frac {D \sqrt{D}}{6 a^2}</math>
=== luas permukaan benda putar ===
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== volume benda putar ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x))^2\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y))^2\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} ((f(x_2))^2 - (f(x_1))^2)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} ((f(y_2))^2 - (f(y_1))^2)\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>V = |\frac {D^2 \sqrt{D}}{30 a^3}|</math>
== Integral lipat ==
Jenis integral lipat yaitu integral lipat dua dan integral lipat tiga.
;contoh
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx</math>
* <math>\int x^2 cos 3x dx</math>
* <math>\int sin^2 x cos x dx</math>
* <math>\int cos^2 x sin x dx</math>
* <math>\int sec x dx</math>
* <math>\int csc x dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{{12+75x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{misalkan } u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
du &= 10x-2 dx \\
&= 2(5x-1) dx \\
\frac{du}{2} &= (5x-1) dx \\
\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx &= \int \frac{1}{2}u^4 du \\
&= \frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{5}u^5 + C \\
&= \frac{1}{10}(5x^2-2x+7)^5 + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{gunakan integral parsial } \\
\int x^2 cos 3x dx &= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x-\frac{2x}{9} (-cos 3x)+\frac{2}{27} (-sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x+\frac{2x}{9} cos 3x-\frac{2}{27} sin 3x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sin x \\
u &= sin x \\
du &= cos x dx \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int u^2 du \\
&= \frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= \frac{sin^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int \frac{1-cos 2x}{2} cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (1-cos 2x) cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-cos 2x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}(cos 3x+cox x) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2}sin x-\frac{1}{6}sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{sin x}{4}-\frac{sin 3x}{12}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int sin x sin x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int sin x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -(cos 3x-cos (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -cos 3x+cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{sin 3x}{3}+sin x)+C \\
&= -\frac{sin 3x}{12}+\frac{sin x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= cos x \\
u &= cos x \\
du &= -sin x dx \\
-du &= sin x dx \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= -\int u^2 du \\
&= -\frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= -\frac{cos^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int \frac{cos 2x+1}{2} sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (cos 2x+1) sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos 2xsin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}(sin 3x-sin x)+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x-\frac{1}{2}sin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x+\frac{1}{2}sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (-\frac{1}{6}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int cos x cos x sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int (sin 3x-sin (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int sin 3x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{cos 3x}{3}-cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int sec x dx &= \int sec x \frac{sec x+tan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sec x+tan x \\
u &= sec x+tan x \\
du &= sec xtan x+sec^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= ln u+C \\
&= ln |sec x+tan x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int csc x dx &= \int csc x \frac{csc x+cot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= csc x+cot x \\
u &= csc x+cot x \\
du &= -csc xcot x-csc^2 x dx \\
-du &= csc xcot x+csc^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= -\int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= -ln u+C \\
&= -ln |csc x+cot x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx &= \int \frac{1}{(2x-3)(x-1)} dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A(x-1)+B(2x-3)}{(2x-3)(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{Ax-A+2Bx-3B}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{(A+2B)x+(-A-3B)}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
\text{cari nilai A dan B dari 0=A+2B dan 1=-A-3B adalah 2 dan -1} \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{2}{(2x-3)}+\frac{-1}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= ln |2x-3|-ln |x-1|+C \\
&= ln |\frac{2x-3}{x-1}|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx \\
x &= \frac{5}{12} sin A \\
dx &= \frac{5}{12} cos A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-288(\frac{5}{12} sin A)^2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-\frac{288 \cdot 25}{144} sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-50 sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50(1-sin^2 A)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50cos^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{5cos A \sqrt{2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} dA \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} \int dA \\
&= A+C \\
A &= arc sin \frac{12x}{5} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} arc sin \frac{12x}{5}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx \\
x &= \frac{2}{5} tan A \\
dx &= \frac{2}{5} sec^2 A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+75(\frac{2}{5} tan A)^2} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+\frac{75 \cdot 4}{25} tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+12 tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 (1+tan^2 A)} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 sec^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{1}{30} dA \\
&= \frac{A}{30}+C \\
A &= arc tan \frac{5x}{2} \\
&= \frac{arc tan \frac{5x}{2}}{30}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx \\
x &= \frac{7}{11} sec A \\
dx &= \frac{7}{11} sec A tan A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{7}{11} sec A tan A}{11(\frac{7}{11} sec A)\sqrt{605(\frac{7}{11} sec A)^2-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A} {11 sec A\sqrt{\frac{605 \cdot 49}{121} sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245(sec^2 A-1)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245tan^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{77\sqrt{5} sec A tan A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{5}}{385} dA \\
&= \frac{A\sqrt{5}}{385}+C \\
A &= arc sec \frac{11x}{7} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{5}arc sec \frac{11x}{7}}{385}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec^2 x \\
\int sec^2 x dx &= tan x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc^2 x \\
\int csc^2 x dx &= -cot x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=sin x, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec x \cdot tan x \\
\int sec x \cdot tan x dx &= sec x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=cos x, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc x \cdot cot x \\
\int csc x \cdot cot x dx &= -csc x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx \\
\text{misalkan } y = \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y &= \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y^2 &= \frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}} \\
&= \frac{x}{y} \\
y^3 &= x \\
3y^2 dy &= dx \\
\int y \cdot 3y^2 dy \\
\int 3y^3 dy \\
\frac{3y^4}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx &= \left. x^2 - 3x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= 10 - (-2) \\
&= 12 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai harga nol } \\
x-2 &= 0 \\
x &= 2 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu kurang dari 2 bernilai - sedangkan minimal dari 2 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x-2| = \begin{cases} x-2, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 2, \\ -(x-2), & \mbox{jika } x < 2. \end{cases} \\
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx &= \int_{2}^{4} x-2 dx + \int_{0}^{2} -(x-2) dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^2}{2}-2x) \right|_{2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{-x^2}{2}+2x) \right|_{0}^{2} \\
&= 0 - (-2) + 2 - 0 \\
&= 4 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
3-x &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
x &= 3 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu lebih dari 3 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari 3 bernilai + berarti } \\
|3-x| = \begin{cases} 3-x, & \mbox{jika } x \le 3, \\ -(3-x), & \mbox{jika } x > 3. \end{cases} \\
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx &= \int_{2}^{3} 3-x dx + \int_{3}^{4} -(3-x) dx \\
&= \left. (3x-\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{2}^{3} + \left. (-3x+\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{3}^{4} \\
&= 4.5 - 4 - 4 - (-4.5) \\
&= 1 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx &= \left. \frac{x^3}{3}-3x^2+8x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= \frac{20}{3} - \frac{16}{3} \\
&= \frac{4}{3} \\
&= 1\frac{1}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
x^2-2x-8 &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
(x+2)(x-4) &= 0 \\
x = -2 \text{ atau } x = 4 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu antara -2 dan 4 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari -2 dan minimal dari 4 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x^2-2x-8| = \begin{cases} x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \le -2, \\ -(x^2-2x-8), & \mbox{jika } -2 < x < 4, \\ x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 4 \end{cases} \\
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx &= \int_{-3}^{-2} x^2-2x-8 dx + \int_{-2}^{4} -(x^2-2x-8) dx + \int_{4}^{5} x^2-2x-8 dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{-3}^{-2} + \left. (\frac{-x^3}{3}+x^2+8x) \right|_{-2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{4}^{5} \\
&= \frac{28}{3} - 6 + \frac{80}{3} - (-\frac{28}{3}) - \frac{70}{3} - (-\frac{80}{3}) \\
&= \frac{128}{3} \\
&= 42\frac{2}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} x^2 \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} xy \quad (y = x)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x^2</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x^2\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} x^3 \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} xy \quad (y = x^2)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = \sqrt{x}</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int \sqrt{x}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} xy \quad (y = \sqrt{x})
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi <math>L = s^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = s \text{ dan titik (''s'', ''s''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{s} s\,dx \\
L &= sx |_{0}^{s} \\
L &= ss - 0 \\
L &= s^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi panjang <math>L = pl</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = l \text{dan titik (''p'', ''l''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{p} l\,dx \\
L &= lx |_{0}^{p} \\
L &= pl - 0 \\
L &= pl
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
* Buktikan luas segitiga <math>L = \frac{at}{2}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{-tx}{a} + t \text { dan titik (''a'', ''t''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{a} \left (\frac{-tx}{a} + t \right) \,dx \\
L &= \left. \frac{-tx^2}{2a} + tx \right|_{0}^{a} \\
L &= \frac{-ta^2}{2a} + ta - 0 + 0 \\
L &= \frac{-ta}{2} + ta \\
L &= \frac{at}{2}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume tabung <math>V = \pi r^2t</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ Dengan posisi } y = r \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} r^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi r^2t - 0 \\
V &= \pi r^2t
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume kerucut <math>V = \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{rx}{t} \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} \left (\frac{rx}{t} \right)^2 \,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. \frac{r^2 x^3}{3t^2} \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi \frac{r^2 t^3}{3t^2} - 0 \\
V &= \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume bola <math>V = \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \left(\sqrt {r^2 - x^2}\right)^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r^2 - x^2 dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x - \frac{x^3}{3} \right|_{-r}^{r} \\
V &= \pi \left (r^3 - \frac{r^3}{3} - \left (-r^3 + \frac{r^3}{3} \right) \right) \\
V &= \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas permukaan bola <math>L = 4 \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), Kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{selanjutnya } \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + \frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
\text{sehingga } \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \cdot \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi rx|_{-r}^{r} \\
L &= 2 \pi (r r - r (-r)) \\
L &= 2 \pi (r^2 + r^2) \\
L &= 4 \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan keliling lingkaran <math>K = 2 \pi r</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0) } \\
\text{kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{sehingga } \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2})}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{1}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \frac{1}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \left. \arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \right|_{0}^{r} \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{r}{r}\right) - \arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) \right) \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin\left (1 \right) - \arcsin \left(0 \right) \right)) \\
K &= 4r \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
K &= 2 \pi r
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas lingkaran <math>L = \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), dibuat trigonometri dan turunannya terlebih dahulu. } \\
\sin(\theta) &= \frac{x}{r} \\
x &= r \sin(\theta) \\
dx &= r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta \\
\text{dengan turunan di atas } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - (r \sin(\theta))^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - r^2 \sin^2(\theta)}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 (1 - \sin^2(\theta))}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta)\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta) (r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta) \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r^2 \cos^2(\theta)\,d\theta \\
L &= 4r^2 \int_{0}^{r} \left(\frac{1 + \cos(2\theta)}{2}\right)\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \int_{0}^{r} (1 + \cos(2\theta))\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\theta + \frac{1}{2} \sin(2\theta) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 (\theta + \sin(\theta) \cos(\theta))|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \left (\frac{r^2 - x^2}{r} \right) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left(\frac{r}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{r}{r} \right) \left (\frac {r^2 - r^2}{r} \right) \right) - \left(\arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{0}{r}\right) \left (\frac{r^2 - 0^2}{r} \right) \right) \\
L &= 2r^2 (\arcsin(1) + 0 - (\arcsin(0) + 0)) \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
L &= \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas elips <math>L = \pi ab</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a} \text{ serta (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0), } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
\text{dengan anggapan bahwa lingkaran mempunyai memotong titik (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0) serta pusatnya setitik dengan pusat elips, } \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{\frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx}{4 \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx} \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{b}{a} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} L_\text{ling} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} \pi a^2 \\
L_\text{elips} &= \pi ab
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa luas daerah yang dibatasi y=x<sup>2</sup>-2x dan y=4x+7!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
x^-2x &= 4x+7 \\
x^2-6x-7 &= 0 \\
(x+1)(x-7) &= 0 \\
x=-1 &\text{ atau } x=7 \\
y &= 4(-1)+7 = 3 \\
y &= 4(7)+7 = 35 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (-1,3) dan (7,35) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
L &= \int_{-1}^{7} 4x+7-(x^2-2x)\,dx \\
&= \int_{-1}^{7} -x^2+6x+7\,dx \\
&= -\frac{x^3}{3}+3x^2+7x|_{-1}^{7} \\
&= -\frac{7^3}{3}+3(7)^2+7(7)-(-\frac{(-1)^3}{3}+3(-1)^2+7(-1)) \\
&= \frac{245}{3}-(-\frac{13}{3}) \\
&= \frac{258}{3} \\
&= 86 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa volume benda putar yang dibatasi y=6-1,5x, y=x-4 dan x=0 mengelilingi sumbu x sejauh 360°!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
6-1,5x &= x-4 \\
2,5x &= 10 \\
x &= 4 \\
y &= 4-4 = 0 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (4,0) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
\text{untuk x=0 } \\
y &= 6-1,5(0) = 6 \\
y &= 0-4 = -4 \\
L &= \pi \int_{0}^{4} ((6-1,5x)^2-(x-4)^2)\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (36-18x+2,25x^2-(x^2-8x+16))\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (1,25x^2-10x+20)\,dx \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25x^3}{3}-5x^2+20x)|_{0}^{4} \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25(4)^3}{3}-5(4)^2+20(4)-(\frac{1,25(0)^3}{3}-5(0)^2+20(0))) \\
&= \pi (\frac{30}{3}-0) \\
&= 10\pi \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
36dqriib4jt9f47h461zf54eebgnmog
114870
114869
2026-04-12T03:33:21Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* integral parsial */
114870
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Kaidah umum ==
:# <math>\int af(x)\,dx = a\int f(x)\,dx \qquad\mbox{(}a \mbox{ konstan)}\,\!</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) + g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx + \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) - g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx - \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int f(x)g(x)\,dx = f(x)\int g(x)\,dx - \int \left[f'(x) \left(\int g(x)\,dx\right)\right]\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x)]^n f'(x)\,dx = {[f(x)]^{n+1} \over n+1} + C \qquad\mbox{(untuk } n\neq -1\mbox{)}\,\! </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x)\over f(x)}\,dx= \ln{\left|f(x)\right|} + C </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x) f(x)}\,dx= {1 \over 2} [ f(x) ]^2 + C </math>
:# <math>\int f(x) \, dx = F(x) + C</math>
:# <math>\int_a^b f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a)</math>
== rumus sederhana ==
:<math>\int \, dx = x + C</math>
:<math>\int x^n\,dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int (ax+b)^n\,dx = \frac{(ax+b)^{n+1}}{a(n+1)} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over x} = \ln{\left|x\right|} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over \sqrt{a^2-b^2 x^2}} = \frac{1}{b} \arcsin \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over {a^2+b^2x^2}} = {1 \over ab}\arctan \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over x\sqrt{b^2x^2-a^2}} = {1 \over a}\arcsec \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
; Eksponen dan logaritma
:<math>\int e^x\,dx = e^x + C</math>
:<math>\int a^x\,dx = \frac{a^x}{\ln{a}} + C</math>
:<math>\int \ln \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, \ln {x} - x + C</math>
:<math>\int \, ^b\!\log \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, ^b\!\log \, x - x \cdot \,^b\!\log e + C</math>
; Trigonometri
:<math>\int \sin \, x \, dx = -\cos \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cos \, x \, dx = \sin \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tan \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \cos \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \cot \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sin \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \sec \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sec \, x + \tan \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \csc \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \csc \, x + \cot \, x \right|} + C</math>
; Hiperbolik
:<math>\int \sinh \, x \, dx = \cosh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cosh \, x \, dx = \sinh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tanh \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \cosh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \coth \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sinh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{sech} \, x \, dx = \arctan \,(\sinh \, x) + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{csch} \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \tanh \, {x \over 2} \right|} + C</math>
== Jenis integral ==
=== integral biasa ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara biasa.
: 1. <math>\int x^3 - cos 3x + e^{5x+2} - \frac{1}{2x+5}\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{1}{3+1}x^{3+1} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^4}{4} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-4x^3(5)+6x^2(25)-4x(125)+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-20x^3+150x^2-500x+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x^5-20x^4+150x^3-500x^2+625x\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{150x^4}{4}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
=== integral substitusi ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi.
: 1. <math>\int \frac{\ln \, x}{x}\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \, x\, du = \frac{dx}{x}</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{\ln(x)}{x} dx \\
\int u du \\
\frac{1}{2} u^2 + C \\
\frac{1}{2} ln^2 x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x-5,\, du = dx,\, x = u+5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4\,dx \\
\int (u+5)u^4\,du \\
\int (u^5+5u^4)\,du \\
\frac{1}{6} u^6+u^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x-5)^6+(x-5)^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x^6-6x^5(5)+15x^4(25)-20x^3(125)+15x^2(625)-6x(3125)+15625)+(x^5-5x^4(5)+10x^3(25)-10x^2(125)+5x(625)+3125) + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-5x^5+\frac{125x^4}{2}-\frac{1250x^3}{3}+\frac{3125x^2}{2}-3125x+\frac{15625}{6}+x^5-25x^4+250x^3-1250x^2+3125x+3125 + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral parsial ===
;Cara 1: Rumus
Integral parsial diselesaikan dengan rumus berikut.
: <math>\int u\,dv = uv - \int v\,du </math>
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan rumus.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
: <math>u = x, du = 1 \, dx, dv = \sin \, x \, dx, v = -\cos \, x</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \,dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - \int (-\cos \, x)(1 dx) \\
-x \cos \, x + \int \cos \, x dx \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x,\, du = 1\,dx,\, dv = (x-5)^4\,dx,\, v = \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - \int (\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5)(1\,dx) \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \int \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5\,dx \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6\,dx \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int x \ln \,x\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \,x,\, du = \frac{1}{x}\,dx,\, dv = x\,dx,\, v = \frac{x^2}{2}</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \ln \,x\, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(\frac{x^2}{2}) - \int (\frac{x^2}{2})(\frac{1}{x}\,dx) \\
\frac{x^2}{2} \ln \,x - \int \frac{x^2}{2}(\frac{1}{x})\,dx \\
\frac{x^2}{2} \ln \,x - \int \frac{x}{2} \,dx \\
\frac{x^2}{2} \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{4} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 4. <math>\int e^x \sin \,x\,dx</math>
ini terjadi dua kali integral parsial
: <math>u = \sin \,x,\, du = \cos \,x\,dx,\, dv = e^x\,dx,\, v = e^x</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int e^x \sin \,x\, dx \\
(\sin \,x)(e^x) - \int (e^x)(\cos \,x\,dx) \\
e^x \sin \,x - \int e^x \cos \,x\,dx \\
u = \cos \,x,\, du = -\sin \,x\,dx,\, dv = e^x\,dx,\, v = e^x \\
(\cos \,x)(e^x) - \int (e^x)(-\sin \,x\,dx) \\
e^x \cos \,x + \int e^x \sin \,x\,dx \\
e^x \sin \,x - (e^x \cos \,x + \int e^x \sin \,x\,dx) \\
e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - \int e^x \sin \,x\,dx \\
\text{misalkan } I = \int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - I \\
2I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x \\
I &= \frac{e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x}{2} \\
&= \frac{e^x \sin \,x}{2} - \frac{e^x \cos \,x}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
;Cara 2: Tabel
Untuk <math display="inline">\int u\,dv</math>, berlaku ketentuan sebagai berikut.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>u</math> || <math>dv</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{du}{dx}</math> || <math>v</math>
|-
| + || <math>\frac{d^2u}{dx^2}</math> || <math>\int v\,dx</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan tabel.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>\sin \, x</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>-\cos \, x</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>-\sin \, x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \, dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - (1)(-\sin \, x) + C \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>(x-5)^4</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - (1)(\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6) + C \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6 + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int x \ln \,x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>\ln \,x</math> || <math>x</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{1}{x}</math> || <math>\frac{x^2}{2}</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(x^2) - \int (\frac{1}{x})(\frac{x^2}{2}) \, dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \int \frac{x}{2} \, dx \\
x^2 \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{4} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 4. <math>\int e^x \sin \,x \, dx</math>
ini terjadi dua kali integral parsial
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>\sin \,x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|-
| - || <math>\cos \, x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|-
| + || <math>-\sin \,x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
(\sin \,x)(e^x) - (\cos \,x)(e^x) + \int (-\sin \,x)(e^x) \, dx \\
e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - \int e^x \sin \,x) \, dx \\
\text{misalkan } I = \int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - I \\
2I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x \\
I &= \frac{e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x}{2} \\
&= \frac{e^x \sin \,x}{2} - \frac{e^x \cos \,x}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral pecahan parsial ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial untuk persamaan pecahan (rasional).
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4}</math>
Pertama, pisahkan pecahan tersebut.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; \frac{1}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{(x + 2)(x - 2)} \\
=&\; \frac{A}{x + 2} + \frac{B}{x - 2} \\
=&\; \frac{A(x - 2) + B(x + 2)}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{(A + B)x - 2(A - B)}{x^2 - 4}
\end{aligned}
</math>
Kita tahu bahwa <math display="inline">A + B = 0</math> dan <math display="inline">A - B = -\frac{1}{2}</math> dapat diselesaikan, yaitu <math display="inline">A = -\frac{1}{4}</math> dan {{nowrap|<math display="inline">B = \frac{1}{4}</math>.}}
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \int -\frac{1}{4 (x + 2)} + \frac{1}{4 (x - 2)}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{1}{x - 2} - \frac{1}{x + 2}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} (\ln|x - 2| - \ln|x + 2|) + C \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \ln|\frac{x - 2}{x + 2}| + C
\end{aligned}</math>
=== integral substitusi trigonometri ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Bentuk !! Substitusi Trigonometri
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 - b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sin \, \alpha </math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 + b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} tan \, \alpha</math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{b^2 x^2 - a^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sec \, \alpha</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi trigonometri.
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 \sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math>
: <math>x = 2 \tan \, A, dx = 2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+4}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(2 \tan \, A)^2 \sqrt{4 + (2 \tan \, A)^2}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 + 4 \tan^2 \, A}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4(1 + \tan^2 \, A)}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 \sec^2 \, A }} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(4 \tan^2 \, A)(2 \sec \, A)} \\
=&\; \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{\tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA
\end{aligned}
</math>
Substitusi berikut dapat dibuat.
: <math>\int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA</math>
: <math>t = \sin \, A, dt = \cos \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A}\,dA \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{dt}{t^2} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \left(-\frac{1}{t}\right) + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 t} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
Ingat bahwa <math display="inline">\sin \, A = \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math> berlaku.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}{4x} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
=== integral mutlak ===
: <math>\int |f(x)| \,dA</math>
buatlah <math>f(x) \ge 0</math> jika hasil x adalah lebih dari 0 maka f(x) sedangkan kurang dari 0 maka -f(x)
: <math>\int_a^c |f(x)| \, dx = \int_a^b f(x) \, dx + \int_b^c -f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a) - F(c) + F(b)</math> jika <math>|f(x)| = \begin{cases} f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) \ge b, \\ -f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) < b. \end{cases}</math>. sebelum membuat f(x) dan -f(x) menentukan nilai x sebagai f(x) ≥ 0 untuk batas-batas wilayah yang menempatkan hasil positif (f(x)) dan negatif (-(f(x)) serta hasil integral mutlak tidak mungkin negatif.
=== integral fungsi ganjil dan integral fungsi genap ===
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
dengan mengingat fungsi ganjil dan fungsi genap yaitu f(-x)=-f(x) untuk fungsi ganjil dan f(-x)=f(x) untuk fungsi genap
maka berlaku untuk integral:
: integral fungsi ganjil
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = 0
: integral fungsi genap
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = <math>2 \int_{0}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral notasi ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = \int_{a-p}^{b-p} f(x) \,dx = \int_{a+p}^{b+p} f(x) \,dx</math>
: <math>\int_a^c f(x) \,dx = \int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx + \int_{b}^{c} f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral terbalik ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = -\int_b^a f(x) \,dx</math>
== Jenis integral lainnya ==
=== panjang busur ===
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>S = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>S = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== luas daerah ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x_2) - f(x_1))\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y_2) - f(y_1))\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>L = \frac {D \sqrt{D}}{6 a^2}</math>
=== luas permukaan benda putar ===
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== volume benda putar ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x))^2\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y))^2\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} ((f(x_2))^2 - (f(x_1))^2)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} ((f(y_2))^2 - (f(y_1))^2)\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>V = |\frac {D^2 \sqrt{D}}{30 a^3}|</math>
== Integral lipat ==
Jenis integral lipat yaitu integral lipat dua dan integral lipat tiga.
;contoh
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx</math>
* <math>\int x^2 cos 3x dx</math>
* <math>\int sin^2 x cos x dx</math>
* <math>\int cos^2 x sin x dx</math>
* <math>\int sec x dx</math>
* <math>\int csc x dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{{12+75x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{misalkan } u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
du &= 10x-2 dx \\
&= 2(5x-1) dx \\
\frac{du}{2} &= (5x-1) dx \\
\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx &= \int \frac{1}{2}u^4 du \\
&= \frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{5}u^5 + C \\
&= \frac{1}{10}(5x^2-2x+7)^5 + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{gunakan integral parsial } \\
\int x^2 cos 3x dx &= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x-\frac{2x}{9} (-cos 3x)+\frac{2}{27} (-sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x+\frac{2x}{9} cos 3x-\frac{2}{27} sin 3x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sin x \\
u &= sin x \\
du &= cos x dx \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int u^2 du \\
&= \frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= \frac{sin^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int \frac{1-cos 2x}{2} cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (1-cos 2x) cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-cos 2x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}(cos 3x+cox x) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2}sin x-\frac{1}{6}sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{sin x}{4}-\frac{sin 3x}{12}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int sin x sin x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int sin x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -(cos 3x-cos (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -cos 3x+cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{sin 3x}{3}+sin x)+C \\
&= -\frac{sin 3x}{12}+\frac{sin x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= cos x \\
u &= cos x \\
du &= -sin x dx \\
-du &= sin x dx \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= -\int u^2 du \\
&= -\frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= -\frac{cos^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int \frac{cos 2x+1}{2} sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (cos 2x+1) sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos 2xsin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}(sin 3x-sin x)+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x-\frac{1}{2}sin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x+\frac{1}{2}sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (-\frac{1}{6}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int cos x cos x sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int (sin 3x-sin (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int sin 3x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{cos 3x}{3}-cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int sec x dx &= \int sec x \frac{sec x+tan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sec x+tan x \\
u &= sec x+tan x \\
du &= sec xtan x+sec^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= ln u+C \\
&= ln |sec x+tan x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int csc x dx &= \int csc x \frac{csc x+cot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= csc x+cot x \\
u &= csc x+cot x \\
du &= -csc xcot x-csc^2 x dx \\
-du &= csc xcot x+csc^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= -\int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= -ln u+C \\
&= -ln |csc x+cot x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx &= \int \frac{1}{(2x-3)(x-1)} dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A(x-1)+B(2x-3)}{(2x-3)(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{Ax-A+2Bx-3B}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{(A+2B)x+(-A-3B)}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
\text{cari nilai A dan B dari 0=A+2B dan 1=-A-3B adalah 2 dan -1} \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{2}{(2x-3)}+\frac{-1}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= ln |2x-3|-ln |x-1|+C \\
&= ln |\frac{2x-3}{x-1}|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx \\
x &= \frac{5}{12} sin A \\
dx &= \frac{5}{12} cos A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-288(\frac{5}{12} sin A)^2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-\frac{288 \cdot 25}{144} sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-50 sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50(1-sin^2 A)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50cos^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{5cos A \sqrt{2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} dA \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} \int dA \\
&= A+C \\
A &= arc sin \frac{12x}{5} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} arc sin \frac{12x}{5}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx \\
x &= \frac{2}{5} tan A \\
dx &= \frac{2}{5} sec^2 A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+75(\frac{2}{5} tan A)^2} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+\frac{75 \cdot 4}{25} tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+12 tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 (1+tan^2 A)} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 sec^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{1}{30} dA \\
&= \frac{A}{30}+C \\
A &= arc tan \frac{5x}{2} \\
&= \frac{arc tan \frac{5x}{2}}{30}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx \\
x &= \frac{7}{11} sec A \\
dx &= \frac{7}{11} sec A tan A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{7}{11} sec A tan A}{11(\frac{7}{11} sec A)\sqrt{605(\frac{7}{11} sec A)^2-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A} {11 sec A\sqrt{\frac{605 \cdot 49}{121} sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245(sec^2 A-1)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245tan^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{77\sqrt{5} sec A tan A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{5}}{385} dA \\
&= \frac{A\sqrt{5}}{385}+C \\
A &= arc sec \frac{11x}{7} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{5}arc sec \frac{11x}{7}}{385}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec^2 x \\
\int sec^2 x dx &= tan x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc^2 x \\
\int csc^2 x dx &= -cot x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=sin x, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec x \cdot tan x \\
\int sec x \cdot tan x dx &= sec x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=cos x, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc x \cdot cot x \\
\int csc x \cdot cot x dx &= -csc x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx \\
\text{misalkan } y = \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y &= \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y^2 &= \frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}} \\
&= \frac{x}{y} \\
y^3 &= x \\
3y^2 dy &= dx \\
\int y \cdot 3y^2 dy \\
\int 3y^3 dy \\
\frac{3y^4}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx &= \left. x^2 - 3x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= 10 - (-2) \\
&= 12 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai harga nol } \\
x-2 &= 0 \\
x &= 2 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu kurang dari 2 bernilai - sedangkan minimal dari 2 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x-2| = \begin{cases} x-2, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 2, \\ -(x-2), & \mbox{jika } x < 2. \end{cases} \\
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx &= \int_{2}^{4} x-2 dx + \int_{0}^{2} -(x-2) dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^2}{2}-2x) \right|_{2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{-x^2}{2}+2x) \right|_{0}^{2} \\
&= 0 - (-2) + 2 - 0 \\
&= 4 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
3-x &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
x &= 3 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu lebih dari 3 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari 3 bernilai + berarti } \\
|3-x| = \begin{cases} 3-x, & \mbox{jika } x \le 3, \\ -(3-x), & \mbox{jika } x > 3. \end{cases} \\
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx &= \int_{2}^{3} 3-x dx + \int_{3}^{4} -(3-x) dx \\
&= \left. (3x-\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{2}^{3} + \left. (-3x+\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{3}^{4} \\
&= 4.5 - 4 - 4 - (-4.5) \\
&= 1 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx &= \left. \frac{x^3}{3}-3x^2+8x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= \frac{20}{3} - \frac{16}{3} \\
&= \frac{4}{3} \\
&= 1\frac{1}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
x^2-2x-8 &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
(x+2)(x-4) &= 0 \\
x = -2 \text{ atau } x = 4 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu antara -2 dan 4 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari -2 dan minimal dari 4 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x^2-2x-8| = \begin{cases} x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \le -2, \\ -(x^2-2x-8), & \mbox{jika } -2 < x < 4, \\ x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 4 \end{cases} \\
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx &= \int_{-3}^{-2} x^2-2x-8 dx + \int_{-2}^{4} -(x^2-2x-8) dx + \int_{4}^{5} x^2-2x-8 dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{-3}^{-2} + \left. (\frac{-x^3}{3}+x^2+8x) \right|_{-2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{4}^{5} \\
&= \frac{28}{3} - 6 + \frac{80}{3} - (-\frac{28}{3}) - \frac{70}{3} - (-\frac{80}{3}) \\
&= \frac{128}{3} \\
&= 42\frac{2}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} x^2 \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} xy \quad (y = x)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x^2</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x^2\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} x^3 \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} xy \quad (y = x^2)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = \sqrt{x}</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int \sqrt{x}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} xy \quad (y = \sqrt{x})
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi <math>L = s^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = s \text{ dan titik (''s'', ''s''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{s} s\,dx \\
L &= sx |_{0}^{s} \\
L &= ss - 0 \\
L &= s^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi panjang <math>L = pl</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = l \text{dan titik (''p'', ''l''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{p} l\,dx \\
L &= lx |_{0}^{p} \\
L &= pl - 0 \\
L &= pl
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
* Buktikan luas segitiga <math>L = \frac{at}{2}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{-tx}{a} + t \text { dan titik (''a'', ''t''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{a} \left (\frac{-tx}{a} + t \right) \,dx \\
L &= \left. \frac{-tx^2}{2a} + tx \right|_{0}^{a} \\
L &= \frac{-ta^2}{2a} + ta - 0 + 0 \\
L &= \frac{-ta}{2} + ta \\
L &= \frac{at}{2}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume tabung <math>V = \pi r^2t</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ Dengan posisi } y = r \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} r^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi r^2t - 0 \\
V &= \pi r^2t
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume kerucut <math>V = \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{rx}{t} \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} \left (\frac{rx}{t} \right)^2 \,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. \frac{r^2 x^3}{3t^2} \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi \frac{r^2 t^3}{3t^2} - 0 \\
V &= \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume bola <math>V = \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \left(\sqrt {r^2 - x^2}\right)^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r^2 - x^2 dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x - \frac{x^3}{3} \right|_{-r}^{r} \\
V &= \pi \left (r^3 - \frac{r^3}{3} - \left (-r^3 + \frac{r^3}{3} \right) \right) \\
V &= \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas permukaan bola <math>L = 4 \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), Kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{selanjutnya } \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + \frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
\text{sehingga } \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \cdot \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi rx|_{-r}^{r} \\
L &= 2 \pi (r r - r (-r)) \\
L &= 2 \pi (r^2 + r^2) \\
L &= 4 \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan keliling lingkaran <math>K = 2 \pi r</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0) } \\
\text{kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{sehingga } \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2})}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{1}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \frac{1}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \left. \arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \right|_{0}^{r} \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{r}{r}\right) - \arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) \right) \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin\left (1 \right) - \arcsin \left(0 \right) \right)) \\
K &= 4r \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
K &= 2 \pi r
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas lingkaran <math>L = \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), dibuat trigonometri dan turunannya terlebih dahulu. } \\
\sin(\theta) &= \frac{x}{r} \\
x &= r \sin(\theta) \\
dx &= r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta \\
\text{dengan turunan di atas } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - (r \sin(\theta))^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - r^2 \sin^2(\theta)}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 (1 - \sin^2(\theta))}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta)\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta) (r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta) \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r^2 \cos^2(\theta)\,d\theta \\
L &= 4r^2 \int_{0}^{r} \left(\frac{1 + \cos(2\theta)}{2}\right)\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \int_{0}^{r} (1 + \cos(2\theta))\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\theta + \frac{1}{2} \sin(2\theta) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 (\theta + \sin(\theta) \cos(\theta))|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \left (\frac{r^2 - x^2}{r} \right) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left(\frac{r}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{r}{r} \right) \left (\frac {r^2 - r^2}{r} \right) \right) - \left(\arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{0}{r}\right) \left (\frac{r^2 - 0^2}{r} \right) \right) \\
L &= 2r^2 (\arcsin(1) + 0 - (\arcsin(0) + 0)) \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
L &= \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas elips <math>L = \pi ab</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a} \text{ serta (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0), } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
\text{dengan anggapan bahwa lingkaran mempunyai memotong titik (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0) serta pusatnya setitik dengan pusat elips, } \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{\frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx}{4 \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx} \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{b}{a} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} L_\text{ling} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} \pi a^2 \\
L_\text{elips} &= \pi ab
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa luas daerah yang dibatasi y=x<sup>2</sup>-2x dan y=4x+7!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
x^-2x &= 4x+7 \\
x^2-6x-7 &= 0 \\
(x+1)(x-7) &= 0 \\
x=-1 &\text{ atau } x=7 \\
y &= 4(-1)+7 = 3 \\
y &= 4(7)+7 = 35 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (-1,3) dan (7,35) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
L &= \int_{-1}^{7} 4x+7-(x^2-2x)\,dx \\
&= \int_{-1}^{7} -x^2+6x+7\,dx \\
&= -\frac{x^3}{3}+3x^2+7x|_{-1}^{7} \\
&= -\frac{7^3}{3}+3(7)^2+7(7)-(-\frac{(-1)^3}{3}+3(-1)^2+7(-1)) \\
&= \frac{245}{3}-(-\frac{13}{3}) \\
&= \frac{258}{3} \\
&= 86 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa volume benda putar yang dibatasi y=6-1,5x, y=x-4 dan x=0 mengelilingi sumbu x sejauh 360°!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
6-1,5x &= x-4 \\
2,5x &= 10 \\
x &= 4 \\
y &= 4-4 = 0 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (4,0) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
\text{untuk x=0 } \\
y &= 6-1,5(0) = 6 \\
y &= 0-4 = -4 \\
L &= \pi \int_{0}^{4} ((6-1,5x)^2-(x-4)^2)\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (36-18x+2,25x^2-(x^2-8x+16))\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (1,25x^2-10x+20)\,dx \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25x^3}{3}-5x^2+20x)|_{0}^{4} \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25(4)^3}{3}-5(4)^2+20(4)-(\frac{1,25(0)^3}{3}-5(0)^2+20(0))) \\
&= \pi (\frac{30}{3}-0) \\
&= 10\pi \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
kennn5djmbwwo2zchv6vd6ddxs9fwnk
114871
114870
2026-04-12T03:34:59Z
~2026-22042-94
42931
/* integral parsial */
114871
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Kaidah umum ==
:# <math>\int af(x)\,dx = a\int f(x)\,dx \qquad\mbox{(}a \mbox{ konstan)}\,\!</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) + g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx + \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x) - g(x)]\,dx = \int f(x)\,dx - \int g(x)\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int f(x)g(x)\,dx = f(x)\int g(x)\,dx - \int \left[f'(x) \left(\int g(x)\,dx\right)\right]\,dx</math>
:# <math>\int [f(x)]^n f'(x)\,dx = {[f(x)]^{n+1} \over n+1} + C \qquad\mbox{(untuk } n\neq -1\mbox{)}\,\! </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x)\over f(x)}\,dx= \ln{\left|f(x)\right|} + C </math>
:# <math>\int {f'(x) f(x)}\,dx= {1 \over 2} [ f(x) ]^2 + C </math>
:# <math>\int f(x) \, dx = F(x) + C</math>
:# <math>\int_a^b f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a)</math>
== rumus sederhana ==
:<math>\int \, dx = x + C</math>
:<math>\int x^n\,dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int (ax+b)^n\,dx = \frac{(ax+b)^{n+1}}{a(n+1)} + C\qquad\mbox{ jika }n \ne -1</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over x} = \ln{\left|x\right|} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over \sqrt{a^2-b^2 x^2}} = \frac{1}{b} \arcsin \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
:<math>\int {dx \over {a^2+b^2x^2}} = {1 \over ab}\arctan \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
<math>\int {dx \over x\sqrt{b^2x^2-a^2}} = {1 \over a}\arcsec \, {bx \over a} + C</math>
; Eksponen dan logaritma
:<math>\int e^x\,dx = e^x + C</math>
:<math>\int a^x\,dx = \frac{a^x}{\ln{a}} + C</math>
:<math>\int \ln \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, \ln {x} - x + C</math>
:<math>\int \, ^b\!\log \, x\,dx = x \cdot \, ^b\!\log \, x - x \cdot \,^b\!\log e + C</math>
; Trigonometri
:<math>\int \sin \, x \, dx = -\cos \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cos \, x \, dx = \sin \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tan \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \cos \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \cot \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sin \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \sec \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sec \, x + \tan \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \csc \, x \, dx = -\ln{\left| \csc \, x + \cot \, x \right|} + C</math>
; Hiperbolik
:<math>\int \sinh \, x \, dx = \cosh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \cosh \, x \, dx = \sinh \, x + C</math>
:<math>\int \tanh \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \cosh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \coth \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \sinh \, x \right|} + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{sech} \, x \, dx = \arctan \,(\sinh \, x) + C</math>
:<math>\int \mbox{csch} \, x \, dx = \ln{\left| \tanh \, {x \over 2} \right|} + C</math>
== Jenis integral ==
=== integral biasa ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara biasa.
: 1. <math>\int x^3 - cos 3x + e^{5x+2} - \frac{1}{2x+5}\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{1}{3+1}x^{3+1} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^4}{4} - \frac{sin 3x}{3} + \frac{e^{5x+2}}{5} - \frac{ln (2x+5)}{2} + C</math>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-4x^3(5)+6x^2(25)-4x(125)+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x(x^4-20x^3+150x^2-500x+625)\,dx</math>
: <math>= \int x^5-20x^4+150x^3-500x^2+625x\,dx</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{150x^4}{4}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
: <math>= \frac{x^6}{6}-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C</math>
=== integral substitusi ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi.
: 1. <math>\int \frac{\ln \, x}{x}\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \, x\, du = \frac{dx}{x}</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{\ln(x)}{x} dx \\
\int u du \\
\frac{1}{2} u^2 + C \\
\frac{1}{2} ln^2 x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x-5,\, du = dx,\, x = u+5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4\,dx \\
\int (u+5)u^4\,du \\
\int (u^5+5u^4)\,du \\
\frac{1}{6} u^6+u^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x-5)^6+(x-5)^5 + C \\
\frac{1}{6} (x^6-6x^5(5)+15x^4(25)-20x^3(125)+15x^2(625)-6x(3125)+15625)+(x^5-5x^4(5)+10x^3(25)-10x^2(125)+5x(625)+3125) + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-5x^5+\frac{125x^4}{2}-\frac{1250x^3}{3}+\frac{3125x^2}{2}-3125x+\frac{15625}{6}+x^5-25x^4+250x^3-1250x^2+3125x+3125 + C \\
\frac{1}{6}x^6-4x^5+\frac{75x^4}{2}-\frac{500x^3}{3}+\frac{625x^2}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral parsial ===
;Cara 1: Rumus
Integral parsial diselesaikan dengan rumus berikut.
: <math>\int u\,dv = uv - \int v\,du </math>
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan rumus.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
: <math>u = x, du = 1 \, dx, dv = \sin \, x \, dx, v = -\cos \, x</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \,dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - \int (-\cos \, x)(1 dx) \\
-x \cos \, x + \int \cos \, x dx \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4\,dx</math>
: <math>u = x,\, du = 1\,dx,\, dv = (x-5)^4\,dx,\, v = \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - \int (\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5)(1\,dx) \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \int \frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5\,dx \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6\,dx \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int x \ln \,x\,dx</math>
: <math>u = \ln \,x,\, du = \frac{1}{x}\,dx,\, dv = x\,dx,\, v = \frac{x^2}{2}</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \ln \,x\, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(\frac{x^2}{2}) - \int (\frac{x^2}{2})(\frac{1}{x}\,dx) \\
\frac{x^2}{2} \ln \,x - \int \frac{x^2}{2}(\frac{1}{x})\,dx \\
\frac{x^2}{2} \ln \,x - \int \frac{x}{2} \,dx \\
\frac{x^2}{2} \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{4} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 4. <math>\int e^x \sin \,x\,dx</math>
ini terjadi dua kali integral parsial
: <math>u = \sin \,x,\, du = \cos \,x\,dx,\, dv = e^x\,dx,\, v = e^x</math>
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas,
:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int e^x \sin \,x\, dx \\
(\sin \,x)(e^x) - \int (e^x)(\cos \,x\,dx) \\
e^x \sin \,x - \int e^x \cos \,x\,dx \\
u = \cos \,x,\, du = -\sin \,x\,dx,\, dv = e^x\,dx,\, v = e^x \\
(\cos \,x)(e^x) - \int (e^x)(-\sin \,x\,dx) \\
e^x \cos \,x + \int e^x \sin \,x\,dx \\
e^x \sin \,x - (e^x \cos \,x + \int e^x \sin \,x\,dx) \\
e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - \int e^x \sin \,x\,dx \\
\text{misalkan } I = \int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - I \\
2I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x \\
I &= \frac{e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x}{2} \\
&= \frac{e^x \sin \,x}{2} - \frac{e^x \cos \,x}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
;Cara 2: Tabel
Untuk <math display="inline">\int u\,dv</math>, berlaku ketentuan sebagai berikut.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>u</math> || <math>dv</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{du}{dx}</math> || <math>v</math>
|-
| + || <math>\frac{d^2u}{dx^2}</math> || <math>\int v\,dx</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial dengan tabel.
: 1. <math>\int x \sin \, x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>\sin \, x</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>-\cos \, x</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>-\sin \, x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \sin \, x \, dx \\
(x)(-\cos \, x) - (1)(-\sin \, x) + C \\
-x \cos \, x + \sin \, x + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 2. <math>\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>x</math> || <math>(x-5)^4</math>
|-
| - || <math>1</math> || <math>\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5</math>
|-
| + || <math>0</math> || <math>\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x(x-5)^4 \, dx \\
(x)(\frac{1}{5}(x-5)^5) - (1)(\frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6) + C \\
\frac{x}{5}(x-5)^5 - \frac{1}{30}(x-5)^6 + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 3. <math>\int x \ln \,x \, dx</math>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>\ln \,x</math> || <math>x</math>
|-
| - || <math>\frac{1}{x}</math> || <math>\frac{x^2}{2}</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int x \ln \,x \, dx \\
(\ln \,x)(\frac{x^2}{2}) - \int (\frac{1}{x})(\frac{x^2}{2}) \, dx \\
\frac{x^2}{2} \ln \,x - \int \frac{x}{2} \, dx \\
\frac{x^2}{2} \ln \,x - \frac{x^2}{4} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
: 4. <math>\int e^x \sin \,x \, dx</math>
ini terjadi dua kali integral parsial
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tanda !! Turunan !! Integral
|-
| + || <math>\sin \,x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|-
| - || <math>\cos \, x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|-
| + || <math>-\sin \,x</math> || <math>e^x</math>
|}
Dengan tabel di atas,
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
(\sin \,x)(e^x) - (\cos \,x)(e^x) + \int (-\sin \,x)(e^x) \, dx \\
e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - \int e^x \sin \,x) \, dx \\
\text{misalkan } I = \int e^x \sin \,x \, dx \\
I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x - I \\
2I &= e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x \\
I &= \frac{e^x \sin \,x - e^x \cos \,x}{2} \\
&= \frac{e^x \sin \,x}{2} - \frac{e^x \cos \,x}{2} + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
=== integral pecahan parsial ===
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara parsial untuk persamaan pecahan (rasional).
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4}</math>
Pertama, pisahkan pecahan tersebut.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; \frac{1}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{(x + 2)(x - 2)} \\
=&\; \frac{A}{x + 2} + \frac{B}{x - 2} \\
=&\; \frac{A(x - 2) + B(x + 2)}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \frac{(A + B)x - 2(A - B)}{x^2 - 4}
\end{aligned}
</math>
Kita tahu bahwa <math display="inline">A + B = 0</math> dan <math display="inline">A - B = -\frac{1}{2}</math> dapat diselesaikan, yaitu <math display="inline">A = -\frac{1}{4}</math> dan {{nowrap|<math display="inline">B = \frac{1}{4}</math>.}}
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 4} \\
=&\; \int -\frac{1}{4 (x + 2)} + \frac{1}{4 (x - 2)}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{1}{x - 2} - \frac{1}{x + 2}\,dx \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} (\ln|x - 2| - \ln|x + 2|) + C \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \ln|\frac{x - 2}{x + 2}| + C
\end{aligned}</math>
=== integral substitusi trigonometri ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Bentuk !! Substitusi Trigonometri
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 - b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sin \, \alpha </math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{a^2 + b^2 x^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} tan \, \alpha</math>
|-
| <math>\sqrt{b^2 x^2 - a^2}</math> || <math>x = \frac{a}{b} sec \, \alpha</math>
|}
Berikut contoh penyelesaian cara substitusi trigonometri.
: <math>\int \frac{dx}{x^2 \sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math>
: <math>x = 2 \tan \, A, dx = 2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+4}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(2 \tan \, A)^2 \sqrt{4 + (2 \tan \, A)^2}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 + 4 \tan^2 \, A}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4(1 + \tan^2 \, A)}} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A \sqrt{4 \sec^2 \, A }} \\
=&\; \int \frac{2 \sec^2 \, A \,dA}{(4 \tan^2 \, A)(2 \sec \, A)} \\
=&\; \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{4 \tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\sec \, A \,dA}{\tan^2 \, A} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA
\end{aligned}
</math>
Substitusi berikut dapat dibuat.
: <math>\int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A} \,dA</math>
: <math>t = \sin \, A, dt = \cos \, A \,dA</math>
Dengan substitusi di atas,
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\cos \, A}{\sin^2 \, A}\,dA \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{dt}{t^2} \\
=&\; \frac{1}{4} \left(-\frac{1}{t}\right) + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 t} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
Ingat bahwa <math display="inline">\sin \, A = \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}</math> berlaku.
: <math>
\begin{aligned}
=&\; -\frac{1}{4 \sin \, A} + C \\
=&\; -\frac{\sqrt{x^2 + 4}}{4x} + C
\end{aligned}
</math>
=== integral mutlak ===
: <math>\int |f(x)| \,dA</math>
buatlah <math>f(x) \ge 0</math> jika hasil x adalah lebih dari 0 maka f(x) sedangkan kurang dari 0 maka -f(x)
: <math>\int_a^c |f(x)| \, dx = \int_a^b f(x) \, dx + \int_b^c -f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a) - F(c) + F(b)</math> jika <math>|f(x)| = \begin{cases} f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) \ge b, \\ -f(x), & \mbox{jika } f(x) < b. \end{cases}</math>. sebelum membuat f(x) dan -f(x) menentukan nilai x sebagai f(x) ≥ 0 untuk batas-batas wilayah yang menempatkan hasil positif (f(x)) dan negatif (-(f(x)) serta hasil integral mutlak tidak mungkin negatif.
=== integral fungsi ganjil dan integral fungsi genap ===
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
dengan mengingat fungsi ganjil dan fungsi genap yaitu f(-x)=-f(x) untuk fungsi ganjil dan f(-x)=f(x) untuk fungsi genap
maka berlaku untuk integral:
: integral fungsi ganjil
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = 0
: integral fungsi genap
: <math>\int_{-a}^a f(x) \,dx</math> = <math>2 \int_{0}^a f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral notasi ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = \int_{a-p}^{b-p} f(x) \,dx = \int_{a+p}^{b+p} f(x) \,dx</math>
: <math>\int_a^c f(x) \,dx = \int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx + \int_{b}^{c} f(x) \,dx</math>
=== integral terbalik ===
: <math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx = -\int_b^a f(x) \,dx</math>
== Jenis integral lainnya ==
=== panjang busur ===
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>S = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>S = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} \sqrt{1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== luas daerah ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x''
: <math>L = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x_2) - f(x_1))\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y''
: <math>L = \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y_2) - f(y_1))\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>L = \frac {D \sqrt{D}}{6 a^2}</math>
=== luas permukaan benda putar ===
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} f(x)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(x))^2}\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>L_p = 2 \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} f(y)\,ds</math>
dengan
: <math>ds = \sqrt {1 + (f'(y))^2}\,dy</math>
=== volume benda putar ===
; Satu kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} (f(x))^2\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} (f(y))^2\,dy</math>
; Dua kurva
; Sumbu ''x'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} ((f(x_2))^2 - (f(x_1))^2)\,dx</math>
; Sumbu ''y'' sebagai poros
: <math>V = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} ((f(y_2))^2 - (f(y_1))^2)\,dy</math>
: atau juga <math>V = |\frac {D^2 \sqrt{D}}{30 a^3}|</math>
== Integral lipat ==
Jenis integral lipat yaitu integral lipat dua dan integral lipat tiga.
;contoh
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx</math>
* <math>\int x^2 cos 3x dx</math>
* <math>\int sin^2 x cos x dx</math>
* <math>\int cos^2 x sin x dx</math>
* <math>\int sec x dx</math>
* <math>\int csc x dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{{12+75x^2}} dx</math>
* <math>\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx</math>
* <math>\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{misalkan } u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
u &= 5x^2-2x+7 \\
du &= 10x-2 dx \\
&= 2(5x-1) dx \\
\frac{du}{2} &= (5x-1) dx \\
\int (5x-1)(5x^2-2x+7)^4 dx &= \int \frac{1}{2}u^4 du \\
&= \frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{5}u^5 + C \\
&= \frac{1}{10}(5x^2-2x+7)^5 + C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{gunakan integral parsial } \\
\int x^2 cos 3x dx &= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x-\frac{2x}{9} (-cos 3x)+\frac{2}{27} (-sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{x^2}{3} sin 3x+\frac{2x}{9} cos 3x-\frac{2}{27} sin 3x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sin x \\
u &= sin x \\
du &= cos x dx \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int u^2 du \\
&= \frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= \frac{sin^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int \frac{1-cos 2x}{2} cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (1-cos 2x) cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-cos 2x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}(cos 3x+cox x) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}cos x-\frac{1}{2}cos 3x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2}sin x-\frac{1}{6}sin 3x)+C \\
&= \frac{sin x}{4}-\frac{sin 3x}{12}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int sin^2 x cos x dx &= \int sin x sin x cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int sin x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -(cos 3x-cos (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int -cos 3x+cos x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{sin 3x}{3}+sin x)+C \\
&= -\frac{sin 3x}{12}+\frac{sin x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
*
\text{cara 1} \\
\text{misalkan } u &= cos x \\
u &= cos x \\
du &= -sin x dx \\
-du &= sin x dx \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= -\int u^2 du \\
&= -\frac{u^3}{3}+C \\
&= -\frac{cos^3 x}{3}+C \\
*
\text{cara 2} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int \frac{cos 2x+1}{2} sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int (cos 2x+1) sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos 2xsin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}(sin 3x-sin x)+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x-\frac{1}{2}sin x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{2}sin 3x+\frac{1}{2}sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} (-\frac{1}{6}cos 3x-\frac{1}{2}cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
*
\text{cara 3} \\
\int cos^2 x sin x dx &= \int cos x cos x sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{2} \int cos x sin 2x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int (sin 3x-sin (-x)) dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} \int sin 3x+sin x dx \\
&= \frac{1}{4} (-\frac{cos 3x}{3}-cos x)+C \\
&= -\frac{cos 3x}{12}-\frac{cos x}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int sec x dx &= \int sec x \frac{sec x+tan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= sec x+tan x \\
u &= sec x+tan x \\
du &= sec xtan x+sec^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{sec^2 x+sec xtan x}{sec x+tan x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= ln u+C \\
&= ln |sec x+tan x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int csc x dx &= \int csc x \frac{csc x+cot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
\text{misalkan } u &= csc x+cot x \\
u &= csc x+cot x \\
du &= -csc xcot x-csc^2 x dx \\
-du &= csc xcot x+csc^2 x dx \\
&= \int \frac{csc^2 x+csc xcot x}{csc x+cot x}dx \\
&= -\int \frac{1}{u}du \\
&= -ln u+C \\
&= -ln |csc x+cot x|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{2x^2-5x+3} dx &= \int \frac{1}{(2x-3)(x-1)} dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{A(x-1)+B(2x-3)}{(2x-3)(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{Ax-A+2Bx-3B}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{(A+2B)x+(-A-3B)}{2x^2-5x+3}) dx \\
\text{cari nilai A dan B dari 0=A+2B dan 1=-A-3B adalah 2 dan -1} \\
&= \int (\frac{A}{(2x-3)}+\frac{B}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= \int (\frac{2}{(2x-3)}+\frac{-1}{(x-1)}) dx \\
&= ln |2x-3|-ln |x-1|+C \\
&= ln |\frac{2x-3}{x-1}|+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx \\
x &= \frac{5}{12} sin A \\
dx &= \frac{5}{12} cos A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{50-288x^2}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-288(\frac{5}{12} sin A)^2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-\frac{288 \cdot 25}{144} sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50-50 sin^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50(1-sin^2 A)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{\sqrt{50cos^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{5}{12} cos A}{5cos A \sqrt{2}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} dA \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} \int dA \\
&= A+C \\
A &= arc sin \frac{12x}{5} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{24} arc sin \frac{12x}{5}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx \\
x &= \frac{2}{5} tan A \\
dx &= \frac{2}{5} sec^2 A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{12+75x^2} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+75(\frac{2}{5} tan A)^2} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+\frac{75 \cdot 4}{25} tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12+12 tan^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 (1+tan^2 A)} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\frac{2}{5} sec^2 A}{12 sec^2 A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{1}{30} dA \\
&= \frac{A}{30}+C \\
A &= arc tan \frac{5x}{2} \\
&= \frac{arc tan \frac{5x}{2}}{30}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx \\
x &= \frac{7}{11} sec A \\
dx &= \frac{7}{11} sec A tan A dA \\
\int \frac{1}{11x\sqrt{605x^2-245}} dx &= \int \frac{\frac{7}{11} sec A tan A}{11(\frac{7}{11} sec A)\sqrt{605(\frac{7}{11} sec A)^2-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A} {11 sec A\sqrt{\frac{605 \cdot 49}{121} sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245sec^2 A-245}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245(sec^2 A-1)}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{11 sec A\sqrt{245tan^2 A}} dA \\
&= \int \frac{sec A tan A}{77\sqrt{5} sec A tan A} dA \\
&= \int \frac{\sqrt{5}}{385} dA \\
&= \frac{A\sqrt{5}}{385}+C \\
A &= arc sec \frac{11x}{7} \\
&= \frac{\sqrt{5}arc sec \frac{11x}{7}}{385}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+sin^2 x+sin^4 x+sin^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec^2 x \\
\int sec^2 x dx &= tan x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (1+cos^2 x+cos^4 x+cos^6 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=1, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{1}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{1}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc^2 x \\
\int csc^2 x dx &= -cot x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (sin x+sin^3 x+sin^5 x+sin^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=sin x, r=sin^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{1-sin^2 x} \\
&= \frac{sin x}{cos^2 x} \\
&= sec x \cdot tan x \\
\int sec x \cdot tan x dx &= sec x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int (cos x+cos^3 x+cos^5 x+cos^7 x+ \dots) dx \\
a=cos x, r=cos^2 x \\
S_{\infty} &= \frac{a}{1-r} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{1-cos^2 x} \\
&= \frac{cos x}{sin^2 x} \\
&= csc x \cdot cot x \\
\int csc x \cdot cot x dx &= -csc x+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} dx \\
\text{misalkan } y = \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y &= \sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}}} \\
y^2 &= \frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{\dots}}}}} \\
&= \frac{x}{y} \\
y^3 &= x \\
3y^2 dy &= dx \\
\int y \cdot 3y^2 dy \\
\int 3y^3 dy \\
\frac{3y^4}{4}+C \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan hasil dari:
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx</math>
* <math>\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx</math>
* <math>\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx</math>
; jawaban
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} 2x-3 dx &= \left. x^2 - 3x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= 10 - (-2) \\
&= 12 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai harga nol } \\
x-2 &= 0 \\
x &= 2 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu kurang dari 2 bernilai - sedangkan minimal dari 2 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x-2| = \begin{cases} x-2, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 2, \\ -(x-2), & \mbox{jika } x < 2. \end{cases} \\
\int_{0}^{4} |x-2| dx &= \int_{2}^{4} x-2 dx + \int_{0}^{2} -(x-2) dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^2}{2}-2x) \right|_{2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{-x^2}{2}+2x) \right|_{0}^{2} \\
&= 0 - (-2) + 2 - 0 \\
&= 4 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
3-x &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
x &= 3 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu lebih dari 3 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari 3 bernilai + berarti } \\
|3-x| = \begin{cases} 3-x, & \mbox{jika } x \le 3, \\ -(3-x), & \mbox{jika } x > 3. \end{cases} \\
\int_{2}^{4} |3-x| dx &= \int_{2}^{3} 3-x dx + \int_{3}^{4} -(3-x) dx \\
&= \left. (3x-\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{2}^{3} + \left. (-3x+\frac{x^2}{2}) \right|_{3}^{4} \\
&= 4.5 - 4 - 4 - (-4.5) \\
&= 1 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{1}^{5} x^2-6x+8 dx &= \left. \frac{x^3}{3}-3x^2+8x \right|_{1}^{5} \\
&= \frac{20}{3} - \frac{16}{3} \\
&= \frac{4}{3} \\
&= 1\frac{1}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
**
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx \\
\text{ tentukan nilai syarat-syarat } \\
x^2-2x-8 &\ge 0 \\
\text{ harga nol } \\
(x+2)(x-4) &= 0 \\
x = -2 \text{ atau } x = 4 \\
\text{ buatlah batas-batas wilayah yaitu antara -2 dan 4 bernilai - sedangkan maksimal dari -2 dan minimal dari 4 bernilai + berarti } \\
|x^2-2x-8| = \begin{cases} x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \le -2, \\ -(x^2-2x-8), & \mbox{jika } -2 < x < 4, \\ x^2-2x-8, & \mbox{jika } x \ge 4 \end{cases} \\
\int_{-3}^{5} |x^2-2x-8| dx &= \int_{-3}^{-2} x^2-2x-8 dx + \int_{-2}^{4} -(x^2-2x-8) dx + \int_{4}^{5} x^2-2x-8 dx \\
&= \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{-3}^{-2} + \left. (\frac{-x^3}{3}+x^2+8x) \right|_{-2}^{4} + \left. (\frac{x^3}{3}-x^2-8x) \right|_{4}^{5} \\
&= \frac{28}{3} - 6 + \frac{80}{3} - (-\frac{28}{3}) - \frac{70}{3} - (-\frac{80}{3}) \\
&= \frac{128}{3} \\
&= 42\frac{2}{3} \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} x^2 \\
L &= \frac{1}{2} xy \quad (y = x)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = x^2</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int x^2\,dx \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} x^3 \\
L &= \frac{1}{3} xy \quad (y = x^2)
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Tentukan luas (tak tentu) dengan persamaan garis <math>y = \sqrt{x}</math> dan batas-batas sumbu ''y'' dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
L &= \int \sqrt{x}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} \\
L &= \frac{2}{3} xy \quad (y = \sqrt{x})
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi <math>L = s^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = s \text{ dan titik (''s'', ''s''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{s} s\,dx \\
L &= sx |_{0}^{s} \\
L &= ss - 0 \\
L &= s^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas persegi panjang <math>L = pl</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = l \text{dan titik (''p'', ''l''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{p} l\,dx \\
L &= lx |_{0}^{p} \\
L &= pl - 0 \\
L &= pl
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
* Buktikan luas segitiga <math>L = \frac{at}{2}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{-tx}{a} + t \text { dan titik (''a'', ''t''), } \\
L &= \int_{0}^{a} \left (\frac{-tx}{a} + t \right) \,dx \\
L &= \left. \frac{-tx^2}{2a} + tx \right|_{0}^{a} \\
L &= \frac{-ta^2}{2a} + ta - 0 + 0 \\
L &= \frac{-ta}{2} + ta \\
L &= \frac{at}{2}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume tabung <math>V = \pi r^2t</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ Dengan posisi } y = r \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} r^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi r^2t - 0 \\
V &= \pi r^2t
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume kerucut <math>V = \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \frac{rx}{t} \text{ dan titik (''t'', ''r''), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{0}^{t} \left (\frac{rx}{t} \right)^2 \,dx \\
V &= \pi \left. \frac{r^2 x^3}{3t^2} \right|_{0}^{t} \\
V &= \pi \frac{r^2 t^3}{3t^2} - 0 \\
V &= \frac{\pi r^2t}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan volume bola <math>V = \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), } \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \left(\sqrt {r^2 - x^2}\right)^2\,dx \\
V &= \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r^2 - x^2 dx \\
V &= \pi \left. r^2x - \frac{x^3}{3} \right|_{-r}^{r} \\
V &= \pi \left (r^3 - \frac{r^3}{3} - \left (-r^3 + \frac{r^3}{3} \right) \right) \\
V &= \frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas permukaan bola <math>L = 4 \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), Kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{selanjutnya } \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{1 + \frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \sqrt{\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
ds &= \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
\text{sehingga } \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \cdot \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} r\,dx \\
L &= 2 \pi rx|_{-r}^{r} \\
L &= 2 \pi (r r - r (-r)) \\
L &= 2 \pi (r^2 + r^2) \\
L &= 4 \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan keliling lingkaran <math>K = 2 \pi r</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0) } \\
\text{kita tahu bahwa turunannya adalah } \\
y' &= \frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}} \\
\text{sehingga } \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{-x}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}})^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{1 + (\frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2})}\,dx \\
K &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{r^2}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt\frac{1}{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \int_{0}^{r} \frac{1}{\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
K &= 4r \left. \arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \right|_{0}^{r} \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{r}{r}\right) - \arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) \right) \\
K &= 4r \left (\arcsin\left (1 \right) - \arcsin \left(0 \right) \right)) \\
K &= 4r \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
K &= 2 \pi r
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas lingkaran <math>L = \pi r^2</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} \text{ serta titik (-''r'', 0) dan (''r'', 0), dibuat trigonometri dan turunannya terlebih dahulu. } \\
\sin(\theta) &= \frac{x}{r} \\
x &= r \sin(\theta) \\
dx &= r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta \\
\text{dengan turunan di atas } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - (r \sin(\theta))^2}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - r^2 \sin^2(\theta)}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 (1 - \sin^2(\theta))}\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta)\,dx \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r \cos(\theta) (r \cos(\theta)\,d\theta) \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} r^2 \cos^2(\theta)\,d\theta \\
L &= 4r^2 \int_{0}^{r} \left(\frac{1 + \cos(2\theta)}{2}\right)\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \int_{0}^{r} (1 + \cos(2\theta))\,d\theta \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\theta + \frac{1}{2} \sin(2\theta) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 (\theta + \sin(\theta) \cos(\theta))|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{x}{r} \right) \left (\frac{r^2 - x^2}{r} \right) \right)|_{0}^{r} \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\arcsin \left(\frac{r}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{r}{r} \right) \left (\frac {r^2 - r^2}{r} \right) \right) - \left(\arcsin \left (\frac{0}{r} \right) + \left (\frac{0}{r}\right) \left (\frac{r^2 - 0^2}{r} \right) \right) \\
L &= 2r^2 (\arcsin(1) + 0 - (\arcsin(0) + 0)) \\
L &= 2r^2 \left (\frac{\pi}{2} \right) \\
L &= \pi r^2
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Buktikan luas elips <math>L = \pi ab</math> dengan cara integral!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{Dengan posisi } y = \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a} \text{ serta (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0), } \\
L &= 4 \int_{0}^{r} \frac{b \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}{a}\,dx \\
L &= \frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx \\
\text{dengan anggapan bahwa lingkaran mempunyai memotong titik (-''a'', 0) dan (''a'', 0) serta pusatnya setitik dengan pusat elips, } \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{\frac{4b}{a} \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx}{4 \int_{0}^{a} \sqrt{a^2 - x^2}\,dx} \\
\frac{L_\text{elips}}{L_\text{ling}} &= \frac{b}{a} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} L_\text{ling} \\
L_\text{elips} &= \frac{b}{a} \pi a^2 \\
L_\text{elips} &= \pi ab
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa luas daerah yang dibatasi y=x<sup>2</sup>-2x dan y=4x+7!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
x^-2x &= 4x+7 \\
x^2-6x-7 &= 0 \\
(x+1)(x-7) &= 0 \\
x=-1 &\text{ atau } x=7 \\
y &= 4(-1)+7 = 3 \\
y &= 4(7)+7 = 35 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (-1,3) dan (7,35) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
L &= \int_{-1}^{7} 4x+7-(x^2-2x)\,dx \\
&= \int_{-1}^{7} -x^2+6x+7\,dx \\
&= -\frac{x^3}{3}+3x^2+7x|_{-1}^{7} \\
&= -\frac{7^3}{3}+3(7)^2+7(7)-(-\frac{(-1)^3}{3}+3(-1)^2+7(-1)) \\
&= \frac{245}{3}-(-\frac{13}{3}) \\
&= \frac{258}{3} \\
&= 86 \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
# Berapa volume benda putar yang dibatasi y=6-1,5x, y=x-4 dan x=0 mengelilingi sumbu x sejauh 360°!
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:550px"><div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Jawaban</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<math display="block">
\begin{aligned}
\text{ cari titik potong dari kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
y_1 &= y_2 \\
6-1,5x &= x-4 \\
2,5x &= 10 \\
x &= 4 \\
y &= 4-4 = 0 \\
\text{jadi titik potong (4,0) kemudian buatlah gambar kedua persamaan tersebut } \\
\text{untuk x=0 } \\
y &= 6-1,5(0) = 6 \\
y &= 0-4 = -4 \\
L &= \pi \int_{0}^{4} ((6-1,5x)^2-(x-4)^2)\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (36-18x+2,25x^2-(x^2-8x+16))\,dx \\
&= \pi \int_{0}^{4} (1,25x^2-10x+20)\,dx \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25x^3}{3}-5x^2+20x)|_{0}^{4} \\
&= \pi (\frac{1,25(4)^3}{3}-5(4)^2+20(4)-(\frac{1,25(0)^3}{3}-5(0)^2+20(0))) \\
&= \pi (\frac{30}{3}-0) \\
&= 10\pi \\
\end{aligned}
</math>
</div></div>
[[Kategori:Soal-Soal Matematika]]
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Wikibuku:Sumber Pembelajaran Terbuka/Biologi/Sistem eksresi
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</gallery>
<div class="hezkuntza_row">
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== Sistem eksresi ==
<gallery mode=packed-hover heights=200px>
</gallery>
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Pusaka dengan Rupa yang Kubawa Melanglang Buana
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2026-04-11T15:02:02Z
Pommegrains
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Namanya rumah. Namun jendelanya enggan biarkan aku bernapas lega. Sudah kuterima nyawa tanpa kuamini, yang kudapat layaknya turuni anak tangga. Tanpa diterima pertanyaan pula hadir mengangkut harapan. Lenggak-lenggok yang elok ini adalah rupa penjelmaannya. Ibarat doa yang lapang ‘tuk kepakkan sayap lebar, menembus ragam garis tak kasatmata yang membentang cakrawala. Melangkah dengan tapak-tapak kecil tanpa ragu menjajaki tingginya ancala. Melawan dengan tabah denting masa yang enggan menghentikan detaknya.
Diriku dihantam seribu ilusi palsu–gulana aku dibuatnya. Raga bertambah angka dengan tangkas, namun jiwa kuanggap terlalu belia. Tak mafhum membawa wujud jelita ini–tari, dansa, ronggeng–peduli apa dengan nama, bila harumnya tak pernah sampai untuk ku hidu. Anggap aku gadungan! Insan tanpa malu dengan topeng, yang bahkan sampai kubur tak patut terima pusaka. Takdir, katanya. Tapi ini nyata adanya. Tiap batang kudapat dan kupahat. Instrumen demi instrumen kutabuh hasilkan kidung, buat mereka berayun melanglang buana. Membawa warna indah rupanya. Barangkali ini jawaban, atas setiap fragmen kahuripan yang layak aku bawa.
{{Kategori acara wiki|kategori=Wiki Seni Lokal}}
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Jalangkote
0
27191
114872
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Ayuwadala
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←Membuat halaman berisi ' == <nowiki>'''Bahan'''</nowiki> == <nowiki>*</nowiki>Kulit - <bdi>15</bdi><bdi>0 g t</bdi>epung terig <bdi>- Sejumput</bdi> garam - Minyak goreng secukupnya - Air hangat secukupnya <nowiki>*</nowiki>Isian - Wortel (1 buah) dipotong dadu kecil <bdi>- K</bdi>entang (1 buah) potong dadu kecil <bdi>- Ubi jalar (1 buah ukuran besar)</bdi>'
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== <nowiki>'''Bahan'''</nowiki> ==
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Kulit
- <bdi>15</bdi><bdi>0 g t</bdi>epung terig
<bdi>- Sejumput</bdi> garam
- Minyak goreng secukupnya
- Air hangat secukupnya
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Isian
- Wortel (1 buah) dipotong dadu kecil
<bdi>- K</bdi>entang (1 buah) potong dadu kecil
<bdi>- Ubi jalar (1 buah ukuran besar)</bdi>
r6qnla11qcpnzgzzp2u7yh4j4h7hc5d
114873
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Ayuwadala
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== '''Bahan''' ==
* Kulit
- Tepung terigu 150 gram
- Garam secukupnya
- Minyak goreng secukupnya
- Air hangat secukupnya
* Isian
- Wortel (1 buah) dipotong dadu kecil
- Kentang (1 buah ukuran besar) potong dadu kecil
- Ubi jalar (1 buah ukuran besar)
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