Interlingue

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{{Planlingue2
|name       = Interlingue
|nativename = 
|color      = orange
|creator    = [[Edgar de Wahl|Edgar von Wahl]]
|annu       = 1922
|speakers   = Ínconosset
|academie   = [[Interlingue-Union]]
|family     = [[lingue artificial]]&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[lingue auxiliari international]]&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Interlingue'''
|iso1       = ie
|iso2       = ile
|iso3       = 
|carte      = Unde yelb.svg
|textu      = Li simbol de Interlingue
}}
'''Interlingue''' o '''Occidental''' es un lingue international creat de [[Edgar de Wahl]] in [[1922]]. It es immediatmen comprensibil a mult homes occidental, pro to usabil por mult relationes anc con poc studie anterior. Anuncias e reclames e scientic articules in Occidental es comprensibil a milliones de [[europa]]nes e [[america]]nes. Un del grand avantages de Interlingue es que on posse derivar regularmen milles de paroles international.

== Nómine ==
Li lingue ante esser publicat in 1922 recivet li nómine ''[[Auli]]'' (Auxiliar Lingue International). Pos su publication in 1922 it esset nominat Occidental til 1949, quande li nómine esset changeat a Interlingue&lt;ref&gt;[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ile Information de SIL International]&lt;/ref&gt;. Hodie, ambi nómines (Occidental e Interlingue) es usat.

== Historie ==
{{AP|Historie de Occidental}}
{{AP|Occidental in Europa}}
Interlingue es un lingue international, quel es iniciat del baltogermano Edgar von Wahl. Il presentat su projecte in 1922 in un litt revúe, quel il intitulat «Kosmoglott» e self editet in Reval, hodie Tallinn (Estonia).

«Kosmoglott» durant sett annus esset apert por omni critica del nov lingue e ofertat un forum anc por altri projectes. Ma in 1927 on constatat, que li nov lingue esset tant exprovat in li usa practical e tant afirmat, que on redactet li revúe solmen in ti lingue e per to dat it un propri forum. Li nómine del revúe esset adaptat al ortografie international; nu it esset nominat «Cosmoglotta». In li sam annu li redaction del jurnale transferet se a Vienna, Austria.

Wahl nominat su lingue «Occidental», proque li international vocabularium presc solmen provenit ex li grand lingues occidental. Por su projecte de un international lingue il provat utilisar ti ja existent international vocabularium tam plenmen quam possibil, ma sin in li altri látere transprender li ínregularitás del lingues national.

Ti ci punctu esset lu nov in li lingue de Wahl: it completmen assimila li international vocabularium, tal que solmen poc elementes deve ancor esser novmen aprendet e que un comprension es possibil presc a prim vise. Ma in sam témpor it structura ti international vocabularium secun un sistema tam clar e facil, que anc persones, queles támen deve ancor nov aprender ti vocabularium, ne besona aprender con it anc omni ínregularitás del lingues national.

On posse regardar li lingue de Wahl quam successosi via medial, quam mediation inter li heredat international vocabularium, quel representa li cultural heredage europan, e un simplic e regulari lingual structura, quel da a omnes, ne solmen a europanes, li possibilitá posser utilisar li lingue ja pos curt témpor.

Pos li Duesim Guerre Mundal li nómine del lingue, «Occidental», devenit un obstacul por su usada in li landes comunistic; particularimen li Occidentalistes in Tchecoslovakia trovat li nómine un obstacul por su propagation in lor país. On suposit contra-revolutionari tendenties pos su utilisation, e per coincidentie un gruppe anti-sovietic trovat se con li sam nómine del Occidental-Union. Ma it es self-comprensibil, que un lingue self es líber de ideologie. Chascun posse utilisar e mis-utilisar it por chascun ideologie. Por preventer li prejudicies in li ost-europan landes, on tande decidet nominar li lingue «Interlingue».

Un duesim motivation por li election del nov nómine esset li facte, que li International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA) self conceptet un nov lingue international, li nómine de quel esset «Interlingua». Por evitar nov dissectiones a diversi fractiones in li Movement Mundlingual, on provat aproximar a unaltru li du lingue-projectes, queles ya esset tre simil.

Ma in facte un fusion del du lingue ne evenit. Li basic diferentie inter ambi es li facte, que IALA-Interlingua, altri quam Interlingue-Occidental, in su essentie es conceptionat quam summa del elementes comun inter li lingues sud-romanic (Portuguesi, Hispan, Italian), ma ne oferta un metode a un plu profund structurisation, quel vell far possibil a homes, queles parla null de ti lingues, rapid e bon aprender it.

IALA-Interlingua es dunc un interessant modelle del coses comun ínter li sud-romanic lingues. Interlingue-Occidental in contrari es un lingue «pan-europan». Ma proque hodie li «europan cultura» (almen sur li campe del lingue) essentialmen representa li «international cultura» (sin despreciar per to altri culturas!), Interlingue-Occidental es li «international lingue».

== Filosofie ==
Un del unesim usatores del esperanto, Edgar de Wahl incontrat it per li unesim vez in 1888 e restat un supportator ardent del lingue durant annus in queles il colaborat con Zamenhof in li dessine del lingue e traductet un del unesim ovres al esperanto: &quot;Princidino Mary&quot;, publicat in 1889, originalmen con li nómine Princino Mary. Il restat esperantist til 1894 quande it dessuccessat li vote per reformar li esperanto, un votation in le qual de Wahl esset un del du qui votat ni lassar li esperanto sin modification ni per li reforma proposit per Zamenhof, ma per un reforma completmen nove. Li occidental ne vell esset anunciat per 28 annus pos quande de Wahl abandonat li esperanto, un periode in le qual il laborat con altri creatores de lingues (quam Rosenberger e su idiom neutral), essayante developar un sistema que combinat naturalitá e regularitá.
Li metode de de Wahl esset duplic: tra li regula de de Wahl, per reducter li númere de irregularitás in li derivation verbal a un minimum, e un grand númere de afixes per far li mesme con radices de paroles e per dar al resultato un aspecte natural. Li grand númere de sufixes posse esser videt tra un curt regarde de ti per formas nómines quel refere a un tip de person: -er- (molinero), -or- (redactor), -ari- (millionario), -on- (spion), -ard (mentard), -astr- (poetastro), -es (franceso), -essa (reyessa). In li opinion de de Wahl it esset sempre preferibil optar per un sufixe productiv quam necessitar li creation de paroles nove con radices nove.

De Wahl publicat in 1922 un modification del principie de Otto Jersperson quel dit &quot;li max bon lingue es ti quel es li max facil per li max numeró de persones&quot;, declarante que li lingue international devet esser li max facil per li majoritá de tis que necessitat it in relationes international. Con to venit un necessitá de un lingue international quel ja reconosset vocabularium international sin egarda al númere de persones qui usa it, particularmen in area specialisat u li terme ''Oenethera biennis'' deve esser implementat e ne modificat ultra reconossentie, mem si li population mundal de botanicos ne vell exceder 10 000. To anc implicat que li paroles pertinente a culturas particular deve esser importat sin modificationes, quel de Wahl credet traet nov idés de valor al cultur europan, que devenit &quot;malad&quot; pos li Unesim Guerre Mundal. Il citat li termes ''karma, kotau, geisha'', e ''mahdí'' in 1924 quam exemples de tis quel ne devet esser posset in un &quot;corsete vocalic&quot; per finitiones obligatori (p.e. karmo, koŭtoŭo, gejŝo, madho in esperanto) quande ili esset importat al lingue international:

&quot;Tal paroles, ancor no long in númere, ha videt un augmentation in li secul passat, e in li futur va crescer in proportion exorbitant quande, tra communication international, li idés del culturas oriental stabil va inundar e influer li Europa malad, quel es nu perdiente su equilibrie. Plu mutilat li paroles, plu mutilat va esser li idés queles ili representa.&quot; 

In un articul pri li futur developation del lingue, de Wahl scrit in 1927 que por li domination europan in li scienties e altri areas, Occidental besonat un forma e derivation reconossibil al europanes, ma que it devet anc haver un structura grammatical capabil de prender formes plu analitic e nonderivat in li futur si li tendenties linguistic mundal comensat a monstrar un preferentie por les.

In li subjecte de regularitá schematic contra naturalisme in un lingue international, De Wahl credet que un balanse devet esser mantenet inter li du, u tro del ultim posse esser convenent per li aprensor temporan ma abhorrent per li parlator, e vice versa in li prim casu: &quot;Li exceptiones ne es fat por desfacilisar li studie a forenos, ma por far li parlada plu curt e fluid... It es clar que in ti lingue quam in li lingue max ínpersonal, abstract e aferistic de omni, regularitá va esser plu grand e plu expandet ca in omni altri lingues e idiomas national e tribal&quot; Ma nequande va esser capabil de obtener un schematisme total... Anc, ci li solution real va esser li harmonisation del du principies contrari. It besona li penetration sensitiv del necessitá real un li instinct del superpopulation international&quot;.

Durante que it es principalmen romanic in vocabularium, de Wahl optat per un subtracte germanic quel il credet plu expressiv por vocabularium tecnical e material (self, ost, svimmar, moss, etc.), con vocabularium romanic e grec plu apt in li derivation de paroles international (fémina e feminin, can e canin, etc.) quam anc conceptiones mental, corporal e natural. Lingues romanic minoritari quam li ladin, provencal (occitan) e catalan junt con creoles hat un grand importantie in li developation de Occidental per de Wahl, qui scrit in 1912 que su lingue in developation esset plu simil a provencal quam italian o hispan. Li magasin sviss Landbote fat un comentarie similar in 1945 in un revision del lingue, comentante humoristicmen que &quot;leente tra li poc exemples de Occidental, it dona nos li impression de un catalan demí-aprendet per un extrano qui ne comprende mult li grammatica&quot;.

Usante prefixes e sufixes reconosset internationalmen ne significat importar paroles international complet. Ma ante li comense del Duesim Guerre Mundal, de Wahl dit que li criticas a Occidental esset infundat, declarante que usatores anglesi e francesi in particular havet li tendentie de vider Occidental quam un mixation de ambi: &quot;(Li apparentie caotic de Occidental) ne es li defecte de Occidental mem, ma plutost quel de su usatores e specialmen li franceses e angleses, o queles que pensa que li lingue international deve esser un mixation de ti du lingues... ti es un error fundamental, specialmen si ti formas presenta exceptiones e irregularitás in li sistema de Occidental&quot;. Alphonse Matejka scrit in Cosmoglotta que de Wahl &quot;sempre demandar un minim de autonomie per su lingue e luctat acrimen contra omni propositiones que intentet augmentar li naturalitá del lingue solmen per imitar ciecmen li lingues romanic, o quam de Wahl dit crudelmen in un de su lettras a me, &quot;per imitachar li francesi o li anglesi&quot;.

Li preferentie de Occidental por regularitá guidat a un vocabularium quel esset ancor reconossibil ma diferent del forme international, quam ínpossibil vice impossibil (ín + poss + ibil), scientic (scientific, scient-ie + -ic), descrition (description, descri-r + -tion). To es un del diferenties principal con Interlingua, qual have un vocabularium prendet del nominat &quot;prototipes&quot; (li antecessor max recent de su lingues fonte) durante que Occidental es centrat in derivation activ. Pos li standardisation de Occidental in 1947 e li change de nómine a Interlingue in 1949 it existet un pussa vers formas plu naturalistic inspirat per Interlingue, particularmen per Ric Berger, ci defendet li replazzament del finition adjectival optional -i con -e. Pos defender li cambio in april 1949, il comensat implementar it in li mensu sequent in su propri scrituras e plu del contenete de Cosmoglotta, junct con altri cambios quam ''nostre'' e ''vostre'' in loc de nor e vor.  In li april sequent il defendet li cambios, negante que ili esset un &quot;concession al IALA&quot; ma un simpli &quot;concession al tendentie general vers un naturalitá plu grand trovat hodie in li movement interlinguiste&quot;, clamante al criticos del cambios victimas de &quot;habituas durabil&quot; e un &quot;illusion optical&quot;. Ca ti cambios experimental vell haver radicat ne es conosset, proque Berger abandonat su position quam editor de Cosmoglotta bentost plu tard e finalmen se unit a Interlingua, durante que Cosmoglotta retornat a publicar in li standard de 1947 quel continua hodie.

== Alfabete e pronunciation ==
=== Alfabete ===
&lt;center&gt;'''[[A]] (a), [[B]] (be), [[C]] (ce), [[D]] (de), [[E]] (e), [[F]] (ef), [[G]] (ge), [[H]] (ha), [[I]] (i), [[J]] (jot), [[K]] (ka), [[L]] (el), [[M]] (em), [[N]] (en), [[O]] (o), [[P]] (pe), [[Q]] (qu), [[R]] (er), [[S]] (es), [[T]] (te), [[U]] (u), [[V]] (ve), [[W]] (duplic ve), [[X]] (ix), [[Y]] (ypsilon), [[Z]] (zet)'''&lt;/center&gt;

=== Pronunciation ===
Vocales quam in german, italian, hispan etc.
* ''y'' quam vocal es pronunciat i;
* ''y'' quam consonant = ''y'' anglés, hispan;
* ''c'' ante ''e'', ''i'', ''y'' = ''ts'', in omni altri casus = ''k'';
* ''g'' ante ''e'', ''i'', ''y'' = ''j'' francés, in altri casus quam ''g'' german;
* ''h'' aspirat quam in anglés, german;
* ''j'' quam in francés, o quam in anglés ''vi&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;ion;''
* ''q'' quam in german e anglés;
* ''s'' sonori inter vocales (quam in italian ''ingle&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;e''), in altri casus dur (quam in Hollandés ''&lt;u&gt;S&lt;/u&gt;interklaa&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;'');
* ''ss'' dur;
* ''t'' quam ''ts'' ante ''ia'', ''ie'', ''io'', ''iu'', altrimen quam in anglés, francés, german, hispan, o italian;
* ''v'' quam in anglés e romanic;
* ''x'' = ''ks'';
* ''z'' = ''ds'' (con ''s'' sonori, quam in japanés ''&lt;u&gt;z&lt;/u&gt;abuton'') si esse possibil, altrimen dur (''ts'');
* ''zz'' = ''ts'' (quam in italian ''pi&lt;u&gt;zz&lt;/u&gt;a, pia&lt;u&gt;zz&lt;/u&gt;a'');
* ''ch'' quam in francés, o quam anglés ''sh'', o quam german ''sch''; anc permisset quam anglés ''ch'', hispan ''ch'' ma ne recomandat;
* ''ch'' = ''k'' ante quelcunc consonante (quam in francés ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;lorophylle'');
* ''eu'' pronunciat separatmen: e-u.

== Grammatica ==
{{AP|Grammatica de Interlingue}}
=== Nómines ===
Li nómine porta sempre u necessi li marca del plurale &quot;-s&quot; (pos vocal) o &quot;-es&quot; (pos mult consonant).

Si necessi, li nómine es terminat per &quot;-e&quot; por distinter it del functiones altri, o es terminat per &quot;-o&quot; por marcar li masculin o &quot;-a&quot; por marcar li féminin. 

=== Pronómines personal ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!
!
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Subject
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Object
|-
!
!
!Sin.
!Pl.
!Sin.
!Pl.
|-
|1.
|
|yo
|noi
|me
|nos
|-
|2.
|
|tu
|vu
|te
|vos
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |3.
|masc.
|il
|(illos)
|le
|(los)
|-
|fem.
|ella
|(ellas)
|la
|(las)
|-
|n.
|it
|ili
|it
|les
|}
''Remarca:'' Li pronómines ''illos'' e ''ellas'' es normalmen ne usat.

=== Pronómines relativ ===
Li pronómine general es '''quel''', anc por li acusative.
: ''Li mann, quel es ci. Li mann, quel yo vide.''

Por li persones specialmen on posse usar li interrogativ pronómine '''qui'''.

=== Interrogativ pronómines ===

Li interrogativ pronómines es '''qui''' por persones e '''quo''' por coses.
:: ''Qui ha venit?''

Por li pronómine ''qui'' existe un facultativ acusative '''quem'''.

=== Possessives ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
|-
!Pronómines
|mi(s)
|tui(s)
|su(s)
|nor(es)
|vor(es)
|lor(es)
|-
!Adjectives
|mi
|tu
|su
|nor
|vor
|lor
|}
Pos un plurale li possessives posse prender un -s: mi pom es ci; li mi'''s''' es ci. Lor libres ha arivat; li lor'''es''' ha arivat.

=== Demonstratives ===
* '''ti''', a quel on adjunte, si necessi, li adverbie '''ci''' por li coses proxim o '''ta''' por li coses lontan:
: ''ti mann, ti-ci fémina, ti-ta infant.''
* Quande on vole insister sur li qualitá, on usa '''tal''', quel es li correlative de '''qual'''.
: ''qual patre, tal ﬁlio.''

=== Numerales ===
* 0 null, 1 un, 2 du, 3 tri, 4 quar, 5 quin, 6 six, 7 sett, 8 ott, 9 nin, 10 deci, 11 deciun, 12 decidu, etc. 20 duant, 30 triant etc. 100 cent, 500 quincent, 1000 mil, 1.000.000 million.

==== Ordinales ====
On adjunte li sufixe -esim al cardinales:
: ''duesim, settesim, duantesim''

==== Multiplicatives ====
On adjunte -(i)plic al cardinales: tri-plic, mult-i-plic.

==== Fractiones ====
1/1 un total; 1/2 un demí; 1/3 un ters; 3/4 tri quart.

Li altri fractiones es expresset per li ordinales: 5/7 quin settesimes.

==== Collectives ====
On adjunte li sufixe -ene: sixene, decene, centene.

=== Tabelle del correlatives ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |
!Por interrogar
!Por monstrar
!Indeterminat
!Negation
!Null indication
!Total
|-
!Quantitá
|quant
|tant
|alquant
|nequant
|quantcunc
|totmen
|-
!Tempore
|quande
|tande
|alquande
|nequande
|quandecunc
|sempre
|-
!Loc
|u?
|ta, ci
|alcú
|necú
|úcunc
|partú
|-
!Persones
|qui 
|ti 
|alqui 
|nequi 
|quicunc 
|omni
|-
!Coses
|quo 
|to 
|alquo 
|nequo 
|quocunc 
|omno
|-
!Persones e coses
|quel 
|tel 
|alquel 
|nequel
|quelcunc 
|chascun
|-
!Qualitá
|qual 
|tal 
|alqual 
|nequal
|qualcunc
|-
!Mode
|quam 
|tam 
|alquam 
|nequam
|quamcunc
|}

=== Verb ===
Li conjugation es regulari. It existe solmen un conjugation con quar formes. Exemplification per li verbe ''amar'':

# '''ama''': null finale, li pur tema
# '''amar''' (''ama'' + ''r'')
# '''amant''' (''ama'' + ''nt'')
# '''amat''' (''ama'' + ''t'')

''Remarca:'' Si li tema fini in ''-i'', on intermette un ''-e-'': ''fini-e-nt'', ''audi-e-nt'', ''veni-e-nt'', ''mori-e-nt''.

# '''ama''' coresponde a:
## presentie de indicative activ: '''yo ama''', '''il ama''', '''vu ama''' etc.
## presentie de conjunctive activ (in quelc lingues): '''Il dí que il ama'''
## imperative: '''ama!''', '''veni!'''
# '''amar''' es li presente del infinitive activ: '''amar''', '''venir''', '''presser'''
# '''amant''' es li presente del participie activ: '''amant''', '''venient''', '''pressent'''
# '''amat''' coresponde a:
## perfecte del participie: '''amat''', '''venit''', '''Li amat patria.'''
## preterite de indicative activ: '''yo amat''', '''tu amat''', '''il amat''', '''noi amat''', '''illi amat su patria''' etc.

Li céteri témpores e modus es format analyticmen per auxiliares.

'''Activ:'''

* perfecte: '''yo ha amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat amat'''
* future I: '''yo va amar'''
* future II: '''yo va har amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey amar'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell amar'''
* precative: '''ples amar!'''
* hortative: '''lass nos amar!'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har amat'''
* future del infinitive: '''var amar'''
* perfect del participie: '''hant amat'''
* future del participie: '''vant amar'''

'''Passiv:'''

* presente: '''yo es amat'''
* preterite: '''yo esset amat'''
* perfecte: '''yo ha esset amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat esset amat'''
* future I: '''yo va esser amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey esser amat'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell esser amat'''
* presentie del infinitive: '''esser amat'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har esset amat'''
* presentie del participie: '''essent amat'''

== Litteratura ==
: ''Articules principal: [[Litteratura in Interlingue]] e [[Liste del litteratura in Interlingue]]''
[[File:Un Adío, de Arvid Brenner, traductet in 1958 per Eric Ahlström.jpg|197px|right]]
Li principal textus literari in interlingue aparit in Cosmoglotta. Ci on posse trovar alcun textus scrit in interlingue, alcun ovres original e altri traductiones. Altri textus aparit in li revúe Helvetia e altri esset publicat quam libres, ma ti-ci esset li min comun.

Li literatura in Interlingue pote esser dividet in quar periodes:
* Unesim periode inter 1921 e 1927
* Periode de Vienna inter 1927 e 1949
* Periode de stagnation in inter 1950 e 1999
* Reviventation in interrete desde 1999: Li annu 2021 esset tre productive por li lingue, con ovres publicat de [[Vicente Costalago]] quam ''[[Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas]]'', ''[[Antologie hispan]]'' e ''[[Fabules, racontas e mites]]''.

=== Ovres ===
Un del principal ovres original es:
* ''Pro principie, Un parábol'', per [[Engelbert Pigal]], aparit in Cosmoglotta A 066 (nov 1929).
* ''Li censor'', de [[Abram Kofman]], publicat in Cosmoglotta A 086 (jan-feb 1933).
* ''Krasina, raconta del subterrania del Moravian carst'', publicat in 1938 per [[Jan Amos Kajš]].
* ''Li astres del Verne'', un collection de poema original de [[Jaroslav Podobský]], publicat in 1935 e 1947.
* Li raconta ''Cacuma'', per P. Dimitriev, esset publicat in Cosmoglotta A 143 (jan 1949).
* ''Li Munde de Sandra'', publicat per [[Thomas Schmidt (Interlingueist)|Thomas Schmidt]] in li jurnal Posta Mundi li 21 decembre 2012&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230414075823/http://jurnal.postamundi.org/posta_mundi_21.pdf Posta Mundi 21]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* ''Curt amore'', publicat in Cosmoglotta A 105 (nov-dec 1935).
* ''Vive li passate'', de S. W. Beer, in Cosmoglotta A 120 (mar 1938)
* ''Li mendico'' de [[A.E. Cortinas]], in Cosmoglotta B 074 (sep 1945).
* ''Li incarcerat princessa'' de A.E. Cortinas, in Cosmoglotta A 133 (apr 1947)
* ''In Obscuritá'' de J. Podobský, in Cosmoglotta A 137 (apr 1948).
* ''Pro amore al musica'', de A.E. Cortinas, in Cosmoglotta B 080 (apr 1946).
* ''Quiet vicinos'', de [[Ilmari Federn]], in Cosmoglotta B 088 (mar 1947).
* ''Li vive pende a un fil, de A.E. Cortinas, publicat in Cosmoglotta B 069 (apr 1945).
* ''Li squale e li marinero'', in Cosmoglotta B 064 (nov 1944).
* ''Li savagi Ganse'' in Cosmoglotta B 064 (nov 1944).
* ''Li últim rendevú o esque rendevús es dangerosi?'', de [[Dorlota Burdon]] in li internet che [https://archive.org/details/final_rendeveu_libre archive.org] (mar 2021)
* ''Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas'', de Vicente Costalago&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220409004527/https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/li-sercha-in-li-castelle-dewahl-e-altri-racontas/paperback/product-j2775p.html?page=1&amp;pageSize=4 Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* ''Li unesim impression'', de Dorlota, publicat in li internet che [https://puellesses.wordpress.com/2021/08/23/li-unesim-impression/ Puellesses]
* ''Li tresor de Fluvglant'', de Vicente Costalago&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220222181751/https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/li-tresor-de-fluvglant/paperback/product-8grj8y.html?page=1&amp;pageSize=4 Li tresor de Fluvglant]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* ''[[Subuqti]]'', de Vicente Costalago&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.lulu.com/shop/vicente-costalago-vazquez/subuqti/paperback/product-r922ev.html?q=&amp;page=1&amp;pageSize=4 Subuqti]&lt;/ref&gt;

Alcun ovres traductet es:
* ''Li matre parla'', traductet de Josef Kresina in 1954.
* ''Li Alocution al chefes de Lebak'', traductet per P. Cleij in 1955.
* ''Un Desertor Bo Bergman'', traductet in 1958 per Eric Ahlström.
* ''Episode con perspectives'', traductet in 1958 per Eric Ahlström.
* ''Un Adío'', de Arvid Brenner, traductet in 1958 per Eric Ahlström.
* ''U es mi hem?'', de K. Balmont
* ''Un descense in li Maelstrom'', de Edgar Allan Poe.
* ''Democratie e Humanitá'', de T. G. Masaryk
* ''Manuel Menandez'', de E. de Amicis, traductet in 1931.
* ''Li Grand Inquisitor'', de Dovstoievski.
* ''Nationalism in Occidente'', de Rabindranath Thakur (Tagore)&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211222093955/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1927&amp;page=125&amp;size=45 Sententies de R. Thákur]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Li flaute del servo'' de Ilmari Federn, publicat in Cosmoglotta A 152 (mar 1950).
* ''Li litt prince'', traductet de Thomas Schmidt in 2014.
* ''[[Li Romance de Photogen e Nycteris]]'', de [[George MacDonald]], traductet de [[Dave MacLeod]] in 2019.
* ''Kinderseele'', de [[Hermann Hesse]], traductet de Dave MacLeod in 2021.
* ''Li Evangelie secun Marc'', traductet de ''[[Thomas Schmidt (Interlingueist)|Thomas Schmidt]]'' in 2021.
* ''Li raconta de Calif Storc'', traductet in 2010&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110823133518/http://occidentalita.blogspot.com/ Occidentalitá]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* ''[[Antologie hispan]]'', publicat de [[Vicente Costalago]] li 26.08.2021&lt;ref name =&quot;antologie&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220409004527/https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/antologie-hispan/paperback/product-pmknpz.html?page=1&amp;pageSize=4 Antologie hispan]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* ''[[Fabules, racontas e mites]]'', publicat de [[Vicente Costalago]] li 20.12.2021&lt;ref name =&quot;fabules&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220409004527/https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/fabules-contes-e-mites/paperback/product-4g6ezk.html?page=1&amp;pageSize=4 Fabules, racontas e mites]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Inter li textus o fragmentes de textus quel on trova in Cosmoglotta, hay:
* ''Hymne de Kaarlo Hammar'', traductet in Kosmoglott 1925.
* ''Li reva pri li eternitá'', de Hjalmar Söderberg, traductet in Supplement al Kosmoglott 5 (1926)&lt;ref&gt;[http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1926&amp;page=75&amp;size=45 Supplement al Kosmoglott 5]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Li responsabilitá del printat parole'', de Zacharias Topelius, traductet in Supplement al Kosmoglott 5.
* ''Li &quot;micri tormentes&quot; del Continente'', de Sent M'Ahesa, traductet Supplement al Kosmoglott 6 (1926).
* Partes del ''Rubaiyat'', traductet Supplement al Kosmoglott 6 (1926).
* ''Persian sententies'' de Saadi traductet in Supplement al Cosmoglotta 7 (1927)
* ''Li Francia depos li guerre'' de Hermann Keyserling, traductet in Supplement al Cosmoglotta 8 (Marte 1927)
* ''Suicide'' de T. G. Masaryk, traductet in Supplement al Cosmoglotta 8 (Marte 1927)

* ''Toine'', de Guy de Maupassant, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 108 (may-jun 1936).
* ''Esser yun'', de Samuel Ullman, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 149 (oct 1949).
* ''Prega sur Acropolis'', de Ernest Renan, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 045 (feb 1928).
* ''Vive'', de N. V. Gogol, traductet in  Cosmoglotta A 049 (jun 1928).
* ''Mi amic Kakut'', de Thiery Mallet, traductet in  Cosmoglotta A 059 (apr 1929).
* ''Sociologie del film'', de Eugen Gürster, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 060 (may 1929).
* ''Pisc volant'', de Max Hayek, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 060 (may 1929).
* ''Du episodes'', de Tolstoy, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 060 (may 1929).
* ''Contrabandistes'', de Th. M. Dostoyevski, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 061 (jun 1929).
* ''Colonnes resonant'', de Marie Luise Becker, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 061 (jun 1929).
* ''Du epigrammas'', de Karel Havliček Borovský, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 061 (jun 1929).
* ''Fortun in negocie'', de John T. Flynn, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 062-063 (jul-aug 1929).
* ''Interiore de un atom'', de Arnold Sommerfeld, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 062-063 (jul-aug 1929).
* ''Cicade e Formíca'', de Lafontaine, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 062-063 (jul-aug 1929).
* ''Fabul'', de Klabund, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 068 (jan-feb 1930).
* ''Nationalitá'', de J.W. Goethe, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 069 (mar-apr 1930).
* ''Historiette del dirigente Kalina'', de Karel Capek, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 074 (jan-feb 1931).
* ''Radio e li munde'', de Karel Capek, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 075 (mar-apr 1931).
* ''Li matre e li lupos'', de O.M. Fontana, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 076 (may-jun 1931).
* ''Li lucio, li creve e li cigne'', de J. A. Krylov, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 079 (nov-dec 1931).
* ''Prejudicies'', de H.L. Mencken, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 080 (jan-feb 1932).
* ''Recreation'', de Aldous Huxley, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 081 (mar-apr 1932).
* ''Heróes'', de Georges Chennevière, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 082 (may-jun 1932).
* ''Vision'', de Robert Bohaty, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 084 (sep-oct 1932).
* ''Li prisoneros'', de Friedrich Nietzsche, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 086 (jan-feb 1933).
* ''Li tri amicos'', de Jean Christoph de Romain Rolland, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 086 (jan-feb 1933).
* ''Li Banquette'', del Bible (Lucas 14:15-24), traductet in Cosmoglotta A 087 (mar-apr 1933).
* ''Viage de yun Djambi in Pinguinia'', Fragment del libre &quot;L'ile des Pingouins&quot; de Anatole France, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 088 (may-jun 1933).
* ''Li perle de amore'', de H. G. Wells, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 092 (jan 1934).
* ''André e li postmastre'', de Mark Twain, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 094 (mar 1934).
* ''Mersí'', de A Koffman, publicat in Cosmoglotta  A 1934
* Li numeró Cosmoglotta A 096 (may-jun 1934), esset dedicat a literatura.
* ''Li cruce de diamantes'', de Karl Federn, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 101 (mar-apr 1935).
* ''Li verd parapluvie'' de Karl Federn, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 103 (jul-aug 1935).
* ''Li besa in li tunel'', traductet in Cosmoglotta A 104 (sep-oct 1935)..
* ''Ex li ombres'', de Duhamel, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 105 (nov-dec 1935)
* ''Langore'', de Niels Kaas-Johansen, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 106 (jan-feb 1936).
* ''Un primitive'' in Cosmoglotta A 109 (jul-aug 1936).
* ''Li don'', de Karl Federn, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 109 (jul-aug 1936)
* ''Li cobold marin'', de Luis Tadde, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 111 (nov-dec 1936).
* ''Li testament de odie'', de J.-H. Rosny, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 117 (sep-oct 1937).
* ''Li old castell, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 120 (mar 1938)
* ''Li vision de senior de Brion'', traductet in Cosmoglotta A 120 (mar 1938)
* ''Conversationes con Goethe'', traductet in Cosmoglotta A 120 (mar 1938)
* ''Li rey del Alnes 1'', de Goethe, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 121 (may 1938).
* ''Li chapel'', traductet in Cosmoglotta A 124 (jan 1939).
* ''Li vrec'', de Guy de Maupassant, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 115 (jul 1937)
* ''Li melolonte'', in Cosmoglotta A 129 (mar 1946)
* ''Un ascension sur Rigi-Kulm'', de Mark Twain, in Cosmoglotta A 131 (oct 1946).
* ''Boxero e furtard'', de Mark Twain, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 135 (jan 1948).
* ''Li viageante'', de František Ladislav Čelakovský, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 138 (jun 1948)
* ''Li specialist'' de Multamuli, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 138 (jun 1948).
* ''Un aventura in Calabria'', de Paul-Louis Courier, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 138 (jun 1948)
* ''Li aventura de Johanillo'', traductet in Cosmoglotta A 138 (jun 1948)
* ''Jan li botte-lapero de Brabant'', de Antoon Coolen, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 139 (jul 1948)
* ''Yo ama, quels me ama!'', de Friedrich Bodenstedt, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 139 (jul 1948)
* ''Terribil nocte'', traductet in Cosmoglotta A 147 (jul 1949).
* ''Flores de autune'', de A.P. Beauchemin, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 139 (jul 1948)
* ''Li prince e li amore'' de A. Goldschmidt, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 142 (dec 1948).
* ''Li poete'', de William Wordsworth, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 146 (jun 1949).
* ''Li confession'', de Louis Merlet, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 146 (jun 1949).
* ''Gulliver in Lagado'', de Jonathan Swift, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 149 (oct 1949).
* ''Ration e Fortuna'', publicat in Cosmoglotta A 153 (apr 1950)
* ''Li vive'', de Carl A. Pfeiffer, tradcutet in Cosmoglotta A 157 (oct 1950)
* ''Un somnie realisabil'', traductet in Cosmoglotta B 096 (feb 1948) 
* ''Li turre de Babilonia'', traductet in Cosmoglotta B 047 (jun 1943).
* ''Un drama in li deserte'', traductet in Cosmoglotta B 076 (nov 1945).
* ''Li trist ballade pri li grand chef del indianos del nordic forestes'', in Cosmoglotta B 009 (feb 1937).
* ''Pelmel quo es li vive?'', traductet in Cosmoglotta B 036 (jul 1942).
* ''Li land del storc'', traductet in Cosmoglotta B 037 (aug 1942).
* ''Le dentage aurin'', traductet in Cosmoglotta B 038 (sep 1942).
* ''In li protection del ciclope'', traductet in Cosmoglotta B 039 (oct 1942).
* ''Sorcieríe in li gardarobe'', traductet in Cosmoglotta B 041 (dec 1942).
* ''Li old urs sur li abiete'', de Pestazzoli, traductet in Cosmoglotta B 044 (mar 1943).
* ''Odisseus e Polifem'', de [[Homeros]], traductet in Cosmoglotta B 063 (oct 1944).
* ''Li obstinat vaca'', traductet in Cosmoglotta B 068 (mar 1945).
* ''Li storm-avie'', traductet in Cosmoglotta B 069 (apr 1945). 
* ''Canzon al verne'', traductet in Cosmoglotta B 089 (may 1947).

Li ''Micri chrestomathie'' es un compilation de textus fat per [[Jaroslav Podobský]], H. Pášma e Jan Kajš e publicat in 1933.

In Helvetia, on trova li sequent textus:
* ''Cante'', de Alfred de Musset, traductet in Helvetia (nov 1928).
* ''Li flech e li cant'', de Longfellow, traductet in Helvetia (nov 1928).
* ''Li lupo e l'agnello'', de A. Creux in Helvetia (jun 1929).
* ''Un raconta de Boccace: Li cocinero'' in Helvetia (jun 1929).
* ''Der Bauer und der Teufel'' in Helvetia (jul 1929).
* ''Ho! Parvules'', poesie original de A. Creux, in Helvetia (jul 1929).
* ''Cambillon'' (raconta de Alfred Ceresole) in Helvetia (jul 1929) e in Helvetia (aug 1929).
* ''Tartempion ne es content'' (Traductet del &quot;Feuille d'Avis de Lausanne&quot;) in Helvetia (jul 1929).
* ''Li doaneros e li contrabanderos'', traductet in Helvetia (aug 1929).
* Un extracte de &quot;A Buddhist Catechism&quot;, traductet de sr. C. T. Strauss in Helvetia (nov 1929)
* ''Li querco e li canne'', de Lafointaine, traductet in Helvetia (nov 1929)
* ''Li Moscas'', in Helvetia (jan 1930).
* ''Li petroleo-lampe'', de J. C. Rummel , traductet in Helvetia (jan 1930).
* ''Li magic cassette'', de Christoph von Schmid, traductet in Helvetia (jan 1930).
* ''Li hirund ex paper'', de Karl Erne, traductet in Helvetia (jan 1930).
* ''Li river'' de Noelle Roger, traductet in Helvetia (mar 1930)
* ''Criterie'', de A. Kofman, in Helvetia (may 1930.
* ''Li arabo e su cavall'', de Comte Hellmuth von Moltke, traductet de J .R. Hoerbiger in Helvetia (may 1930).

=== Autores ===
Li principal autores que ha scrit litteratura original in Occidental es:
* Anteyan
** [[Jan Amos Kajš]]
** [[Jaroslav Podobský]]
** [[Engelbert Pigal]]
** [[Abram Kofman]]
** [[A.E. Cortinas]]
** [[Ilmari Federn]]
* Actual:
** [[Thomas Schmidt (Interlingueist)|Thomas Schmidt]]
** [[Dorlota Burdon]]
** [[Vicente Costalago]]

== Textus nonlitterari ==
* ''Pantheon, Li vive del culturas in li spegul del arte'', de Pal Ligeti, traductet in Cosmoglotta A 076 (may-jun 1931) 
* Linzbach, Jacob (1921) ''Transcendent algebra: ideografie matematical: experiment de un lingue filosofic'',  Reval (Estonia) : Edition de autor.
* [[Carl-Erik Sjöstedt|Sjöstedt, Carl-Erik]]: Le axiome de paralleles. De Euclides a Hilbert. Un probleme cardinal in li evolution de geografie. Excerptes in facsimile ex li principal ovres original e traduction in li lingue international Interlingue. [[Stockholm]] 1968. Editoria Natur och kultur. ''939 págines de quelles circa 500 es in Interlingue!'' ([https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&amp;pid=sites&amp;srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxyZXZ1b3Byb2dyZXNvfGd4OjU1ZWMyMWQ2ODkzMjM4ZTM Ligation])
* Kysela, Frantisek (1998) ''Functionament del Atom''.
* ''Sadoul G.: Misterie e potentie del atom'' in Cosmoglotta A 132 (dec 1946)
* ''Li Hypotese de Wegener pri translocation del Continentes'' in Supplement al Kosmoglott 2 de 1926 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20201002040624/http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1926&amp;page=63&amp;size=45 Ligation])
* ''Al memorie del grand democrat T.G. Masaryk'', Autorisat traduction in Occidental de Jaroslav Podobský ex li libre de Karel Čapek: Hovory s T.G. Masarykem - Conversationes con T.G. Masaryk
* Berger, Ric (1938) ''Vocabularium del centres de interesse'', Editoria: Institute Occidental, Chapelle (Vaud), Svissia [CDELI Li OCC 19]
* [[Salute, Jonathan!]], un cursu de aprension de Occidental-Interlingue creat de Dave MacLeod.

[[Vicente Costalago]] scrit libres de textu in julio 2020 quam ''Historie'' e ''Cultura classic''. Ili esset publicat li 3 august 2020. Il publicat li libre ''Geografie'' li 19 septembre 2020. Li libre ''Mathematica'' esset publicat li 6 septembre 2020.

== Referenties ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Ligamentes intern ==
* [[Portale:Interlingue]]
* [[Liste de jurnales e bulletines in Occidental]]
* [[Liste de libres in interlingue]]
* [[Liste del Interlinguistes e Occidentalistes]]
* [[Liste del libres pri Interlingue]]
* [[Liste del litteratura in Interlingue]]

== Ligamentes extern ==
{{Commonscat}}
=== Revúes ===
* [http://cosmoglotta.narod.ru/ Cosmoglotta]
* [https://cosmoglotta.blogspot.com Cosmoglotta de 1922 a 1951]
* [http://www.ie-munde.com/ IE-Munde - Jurnal e information pri Interlingue con ligamentes extensiv]

=== Historie ===
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132205656/Cosmoglotta%20B%20008%20%28nov-dec%201936%29 Li developation de Occidental]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPTheWglx5I Historie de Occidental (Interlingue)]

=== Grammatica ===
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130747986/Cosmoglotta%20B%20035%20%28jun%201942%29 Li fonetica de Occidental]
* [http://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Resume_de_gramatica_de_Interlingue_%28Occidental%29 Resume de gramatica de Interlingue (Occidental)]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130951971/Cosmoglotta%20B%20082%20%28jul%201946%29 Li usation del témpores in Occidental]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130961382/Cosmoglotta%20B%20084%20%28sep%201946%29 Passate composit]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130962387/Cosmoglotta%20B%20085%20%28nov%201946%29 Hay]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130944903/Cosmoglotta%20B%20081%20%28may%201946%29 Li preposition]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130954200/Cosmoglotta%20B%20083%20%28aug%201946%29 Sufixes de colection]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130974729/Cosmoglotta Li rol del privatives in Occidental]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130951971/Cosmoglotta%20B%20082%20%28jul%201946%29 Titulaturas in Occidental]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130993539/Cosmoglotta%20B%20089%20%28may%201947%29 Sufixes de persones]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131016867/Cosmoglotta%20B%20093%20%28oct%201947%29 Li usa del pronómines personal pos prepositiones]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131045520/Cosmoglotta%20B%20095%20%28dec%201947%29 Casu pos prepositiones]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130859790/Cosmoglotta%20B%20070%20%28may%201945%29 Standardisation de Occidental]

=== Altri ===
* [http://interlingue.narod.ru/vocabulariums.htm Dictionarium e vocabularium]
* [https://glosbe.com/ie/en Interlingue-anglesi] e [https://glosbe.com/ie/de interlingue-german] dictionariums con traduction-memories che Glosbe
* [http://interlingue.blogspot.com Leturas in Occidental]
* [http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/interlingue-occidental/ Li Yahoo-gruppe de Interlingue-Occidental]
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/403123056383240/ Li Facebook-gruppe de Interlingue-Occidental]
* [http://interlingue.pbworks.com/ interlingue.pbworks.com Interlingue Occidental]
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gelftqO9zPPi0KUkqdjOjikax2O1GvBL/view Cursu in 10 letiones] (PDF, Anglesi,  0,6 MB)
* [[wikibooks:Salute,_Jonathan!|Salute, Jonathan!]] - un libre por aprender Occidental per li natur-metode che Wikibooks
* [https://occidental-lang.com/ Occidental, the International Auxiliary Language]

=== Litteratura ===
* [https://occidental-lang.com/LiLittPrince/ Li Litt Prince]
* [https://occidental-lang.com/photogen-e-nycteris/ Li Romance de Photogen e Nycteris]

=== Altri libres ===
* [https://www.academia.edu/31411097/Linzbach_Jacob_1921_Transcendent_algebra_Ideografie_matematical_experiment_de_un_lingue_filosofic_Reval_Estonia_Edition_de_Autor_Litografia_Lantzky_and_Co_Reval Linzbach, Jacob. 1921. Transcendent algebra: Ideografie matematical, experiment de un lingue filosofic]
* [https://occidental-lang.com/resources/Historie.pdf Historie], de Vicente Costalago
* [https://occidental-lang.com/resources/Cultura_classic.pdf Cultura classic], de Vicente Costalago
* [https://occidental-lang.com/resources/Geografie.pdf Geografie], de Vicente Costalago
* [https://occidental-lang.com/resources/Mathematica.pdf Mathematica], de Vicente Costalago

{{Interlingue}}{{Planlingues}}

[[Categorie:Planlingue]]
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|cité_capital=[[Madrid]]
|chef de state=[[Felipe VI de Hispania]]
|presidente=[[Pedro Sánchez]]
|lingues=[[Hispan]]
|area=505.944
|population=47.007.367 &lt;small&gt;(2018)&lt;/small&gt;
|valuta=Euro
|valuta_code = (€, EUR)
|image_situation=Spain in European Union (extended) (special marker) (-mini map -rivers).svg
}}
'''Hispania''', oficialmen '''Reyatu de Hispania''' (in [[hispan]] ''España'' e ''Reino de España'') es un land situat in [[Europa]] con territorias in [[Africa]]. Su territoria es organisat in 17 comunités autonom (dividet in 50 provincias) e du cités autonom. Li capital cité de Hispania es [[Madrid]] e li land have 47 007 367 habitantes.

Hispania es situat al sud de West Europa e al nord de Africa. In Europa, it ocupa li max grand parte del peninsul Iberic, conosset quam Hispania peninsulari, e li [[Baleares]] (in li [[Mar Mediterran]] west); in Africa es situat li cités de Ceuta e Melilla, li [[insules Canarias]], li insules Chafarinas, li peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, li insules Alhucemas e li insul Alboran. Li municipie de Llivia, in li Pirenees, es circumdat per territoria francesi. Altri territorias es insules in li costas peninsulari.

It have un extension de 505 370&amp;nbsp;km², essente li quaresim país max grand del continente, pos Russia, Ucraina e Francia. Con un altitá medie de 650 m súper li nivelle del mar, it es un del países plu montaniosi de Europa. Su population es 47 329 981 persones. Li territoria peninsulari partiprende frontieras con Francia e Andorra al nord, con Portugal al west e con Gibraltar al sud. In su territorias african, it partiprende frontieras marin con Marocco. It partiprende con Francia li soveranitá del insul del Fasanes in li inboccatura del fluvie Bidasoa.

Secun li articul 3.1 del Constitution, &quot;li castillan es li hispan lingue oficial del state. Omni hispanos have li deventie de conosser it e li jure de usar it&quot;. Secun li articul 3.2, &quot;Li altri lingues hispan va esser oficial in li comunités autonom respectiv conform a lor statutes&quot;.

Li presentie constatat de homes del génere Homo es de ante 1,2 million annus, quam indica li descovrition de un machuore de un Homo, támen ancor sin classar it in Atapuerca. In li secul III a.C. li romanos arivat al peninsul e ili conquestat it plu tard. In li Mediepoca, li area esset conquestat de divers popules germanic e per li musulmanes, qui vell restar durante sett secules. It ne es til li secul 15, con li union dinastic de Castilia e Aragon e con li finition del Reconquesta e li anexion de Navarra, quande on posse parlar del union final de Hispania. In li Epoca Moderni, li reyes hispan dominat li unesim imperie global ultramarin, con territorias in quin continentes. In li comense del secul 19, pos divers guerres in Hispanoamerica, it perde li majorité del territorias in America, durant que li desastre del 98 agravat. Durante ti secul, vell evenir li guerre contra li invasor francesi, guerres civil, un republica remplazzat per un monarchia constitutional e li processe de modernisation. In li secul 20, it hat un republica constitutional, un colpe de state quel provocat un guerre intern. Pos to evenit li dictatura de Francisco Franco, quel finit con su morte in 1975. To es li comense del transition democratic, con li redaction del Constitution de 1978.

Hispania es un membre del [[NATO]] desde 1982 e es un membre del [[Europan Union]] desde 1986.

== Historie ==
{{AP|Historie de Hispania}}
=== Prehistorie e Antiquitá ===
{{AP|Prehistorie in li peninsul Iberic}}
{{AP|Antiquitá in li peninsul Iberic}}
[[File:Castros.jpg|thumb|right|285px|Forte celtic del nord de Hispania]]
[[File:Merida Roman Theatre1.jpg|right|197px|thumb|Theatre Roman de Mérida, provincia de [[Badajoz]].]]
Li territoria actual de Hispania contene du coses del max grand importante por li prehistorie europan e mundal: li Montanias de Atapuerca (u li specie ''Homo antecessor'' esset definit e u li max complet serie de osses de ''Homo heidelbergensis'' esset trovat) e li cova de Altamira (u por unesim vez esset identificat li arte paleolitic).

Li particular position del peninsul Iberic quam &quot;Extrem Occidente&quot; del munde mediterranean determinat li arriva de successiv influenties cultural del Mediterraneo oriental, particularmen tis relatet con li Neolitic e li Epoca del Metalles (agricultura, ceramica, megalitisme), un processe quel culminat con li denominat colonisationes historic del unesim millennie a.C.

Li max ancian datation de un fat historic in Hispania es li fundation legendari del colonia fenician de Gadir (li Gades roman, hodie Cadiz), que secun fontes roman (Veleius Paterculus e Titus Livius) vell evenir ottanti annus pos li guerre de Troya, ante que to de Roma, quel vell situar it in li annu 1104 a.C. e vell esser li fundation de un cité europan con li max ancian referenties. Li non minus legendari referenties que have Herodotus de contactes grec con li reyatu tartessian de Argantonius vell evenir in li annus 63 a.C. Li evidenties archeologic de etablisses fenician (Ebesus - Ibiza, Sexi - Almuñécar, Malaka - Malaga) permette parlar de un monopolie fenician del rutas commercial circum li Strett de Gibraltar (includente tis del Atlantic, quam li ruta del stanno) que limitat li colonisation grec al nord mediterranean (Emporion, hodie Ampurias).

Li colonias fenician passat a esser controlat per Cartago desde li secul VI a.C., periode in quel anc li Tartessos desaparit. Ja in li secul 3 a.C. li victorie de Roma in li Unesim Guerre Punic stimulat plus li interesa cartaginesi in li peninsul Iberic, e it evenit un ver colonisation territorial o Imperie Cartaginesi in Hispania, con centre in Qart Hadasht (Cartagena), guidat per li familie Barca.

Li intervention roman evenit in li duesim guerre punic (218 a.C.), que comensat un conquesta roman de Hispania, non completat til quasi 200 annus plus tard. Li defeta cartaginesi permisset un relativ rapide incorporation del areas ost e sud, que esset plu rich e con nivelle de developpation economic, social e cultural plus compatibil con li propri civilisation roman. Plus desfacil esset li conquesta del popules del Plató (guerres lusitanic e guerres celtiberic), que exiget cambiar li strategie del guerre classic (exemples es li guerrilla guidat per Viriatus, qui morit assassinat in li annu 139 a.C. e li resistenties extrem de Numantia, victet in li 133 a.C.). In li secul sequent, li provincias roman de Hispania, convertet in fonte de inrichation de functionarios e comerciantes roman, e de materies crud e mercenarios, esset li principal loces del guerres civil roman, con li presentie de Sertorius, Pompeius e Julius Cesar. Li pacification (''pax romana'') esset li proposito declarat de Augustus, que pretendet lassar it finit con li victoria contra li cantabros e astures (29-19 a.C.), benque illes ne esset romanisat. In li reste del territoria, li romanisation esset tant profund que mem alcun families hispan-roman atinget li dignitá imperial (Trajanus, Adrianus e Teodosius) e alcun intellectuales roman esset de orígine hispan (li filosof Seneca, li poetes Lucanus, Quintillianus o Martial, li geograf Pomponius Mela o li agronom Columela), ma, quam Titus Livis scrit in tempos de Augustus, &quot;benque it esset li unesim provincia important invadet per li romanos, it esset li ultim in esser dominat completmen e it ha resistet til nor epoca&quot;, atribuent it al natura del territoria e al caracter del habitantes. Li assimilation del modo de vita roman, long e custosi, offertat un grand diversitá desde li romanisation completa in li Betica til li romanisation superficial in li nord.

=== Medievie ===
{{AP|Historie medieval de Hispania}}
[[File:San Isidoro Biblioteca Nacional España.jpg|thumb|right|Statue de [[Isidoro de Sevilla]] par José Alcoverro locat en la scaliere de access a la [[Biblioteca National de Hispania]].]]
[[File:Mosque Cordoba.jpg|thumb|Interior de la [[Moské-Cathedral de Córdoba]].]]
In li annu 409, tribus germanic de suevos, alanos e vandalos invadet li Peninsul Iberic. Pos alcun annus, in 416, altri tribu germanic, li visigotos, intrat in Hispania quam alliates de Roma, expulset al alanos e vandalos, e confinat li suevos en Galicia. Li visigots fundat un reino que durat til li secul 8, durante quel evenit su conversion del arianisme al catolicisme, e li luctas contra li suevos, byzantines, francos e vascos. Li caracter electiv del monarchia visigotic causat quasi sempre un enorm instabilitá politica characterisat par rebelliones constant e assassinatos.

In li annus 711 comensat li invasion islamic del peninsul, quel devenit un emiratu, o provincia del imperie arabe, nominat Al-Andalus.

Li avanse del musulmanes esset rapide. In 712 cadet Toledo, li capital visigotic. Li musulmanes avansat progressivmen vers li nord, e omne cités capitulat. In 716 ili dominat tot li peninsul except li nord, u su dominion esset plu nominal quam militar. Talmen, li musulmanes orientat su efforties verso li altri latere del Pirenees, contra li reyatu carolingian. To permisset revoltas in li poc controlat area nord west del Peninsul.

In li annu 718 evenit li unesim revolta in Asturia, sub li commando de un nobile visigot nominat Don Pelayo. Ti-ci revolta esset controlat. In 722 evenit li battallie de Covadonga, u Pelayo victet e fundat li reyatu de Asturia. De ti moment e til 1492 li Peninsul Iberic esset dividet in un part musulman e altri christian.

Li secules 8 e 9 aportat un crescent poter musulman, malgré li nucleos christian del nord del Peninsul. In li secul 10, Abderraman III convertet Al-Andalus in un califatu índependent de Damasco, con autonomie religios, inaugurant un epoca de grand prosperitá, mersí al innovationes in li scientie e litteratura e pro li attention que il dedicat al developpation del cités. Li plu importante esset Valencia, Zaragoza, Sevilla e Cordoba, quel devenit in li secul 10 li plu gran cite de Europa Occidental, con 500 000 habitantes, e centre cultural del epocha. Totvez li decadentie arrivat in li secul 11, quande comensat un serie de luctas inter li families reyal musulman. Asi li califatu dismembrat in un mosaic de reyatus, nominat taifas.

Interim, apud li Pirenees apparit du reyatus christian: Navarra e Aragon. Durante que li reconquesta avansat, tot li reyatus se dividet e se refundat, e solmen quar reyatus christian remanet in li peninsul: Castilia, Aragon, Navarra e Portugal, ultra li reyatu musulman de Granada.

Al final de ti periode, in 1402, comensa li invasion de Canarias par vassales del reyatu de Castilia. Ti-ci processu no finit til 1497.

=== Etate Modern ===
{{AP|Historie modern de Hispania}}
[[File:Churruca death.jpg|thumb|left|Morte de Churruca en Trafalgar, oleo de Eugenio Álvarez Dumont, Museo del Prado (deposit en li Institute Cabrera Pinto de La Laguna, Tenerife).]]
[[File:Imperios Español y Portugués 1790.svg|thumb|Imperies hispan e portugues en 1790.]]
Al fin del Medievie, du del plu grand reyatus peninsulari: li Corona de Aragon e li Reyatu de Castilia, se alliat e conquestat li Reyatu de Granada in 1492 e ti de Navarra in 1512. Lis anc comensat un politica matrimonial con Portugal que culminat in 1580, quande Felipe II ascendet al tron, unificant per ultim vez li peninsul Iberic.

In 1492 on decretat li expulsion del judéos non christian, imitant Felipe IV de Francia e Navarra. Anc Chrstiforo Columbo arrivat con su naves a America, quel provocat li exploration e conquesta del continente american, anc per altri landes quam Portugal, Francia e Anglia. Tonnes de argente e oro esset portat del nov continente, e le monarchia hispan devenit un del max potent statos del munde.

Pos li morte de Isabelle li Catolic, in 1504, su filia Juana, sposat con Felipe I, sucedet le in li tron de Castilia. Totvez, Felipe morit mult yun, e Juana esset declarat lunatic, dunc su filio Carlos I heredat li coronas de Castilia e Aragon e li Sacre Imperie Roman Germanic. In su etá matur li decidet retirar se al vite religios recolient se in li Monceria de Yuste (Caceres) in 1556, quel determinat li dismembratmen del imperie, quel se dividet inter li membres del familie de Habsburg, li hispan Felipe II, su filio; e li austrian, su frate.

Finalmen Felipe II, coronant se rey de Portugal in 1580, ajuntat a su long liste de titules ti de &quot;Rey de tote Hispanias&quot; e reyat sur tot partes del antic Hispani visigot. Li mantenet li ordinal &quot;duesim&quot; per respectar li via castellan (Felipe I de Castilla esset Felipe li Bel). Ergo li pote esser considerat li unesim rey de Hispania, totvez li unesim en ti sensu esset Felipe V.

Li reyatus iberic continuat prosperant, mersí al comercie con li colonias american ma al mem témpore illes sustentat guerres contra Francia, Anglia e li Provincias Unit, culminant con li disastros aventura del Armata Invencibil in 1588.

Quande li ultim rey del dinastie de Habsburgo, Carlos II de Hispania, morit sin descendente, Felipe de Bourbon, nepote del rey de Francia, Louis XIV, li succedet in li tron con li nómine de Felipe V.

In 1707 li Decret de Nov Planta de Felipe V creat li Hispania unificat, quande imposat li leges de Castilla al rest del reyatus. 

Li rest del secul XVII esset li secul del Iluminism. Fernand IV e Carlos III, filios e sucesores de Felipe V, fat un politica de renovation que modersinat Hispania, durante un periodo que on conosse quam Despotisme Ilustrat.

=== Etá Contemporan ===
{{AP|Historie contemporani de Hispania}}
Pos li Revolution Francese, Napoleon prendet li poter e invadet Hispania con su truppas in 1808, imposant su fratre Joseph I in li tron. Per consequentie, comensat li Guerra de Índependentie, que durat kinke annus. Li truppas de Napoleon superat in li battallia de Vitoria, in 1813, Fernando VII retornat al tron de Hispania, abolit li constitution de Napoleon, persequet li liberales constitutionalist e inaugurat un sistema de rigide absolutisme.

Li recession economic e li instabilitá politic esset li consequentie logic del guerre e, pos li arrivat al Indias del indignitabil conduida del rey ante Napoleon, Hispania perdit su territorias in America e Asia, con exception de Port Ric, Cuba e Filipines. Anc, per consequentie del nomination de su filia Isabel II quam herede, quel esset possibil pos li derogation del Lege Salic que impedit li succession reyal de fémines, su fratre Carlos Maria Isidoro se revelat contra il, comensant li Unesim Guerre Carliste.

Li revolution de 1868, nominat Li Gloriosi, obligat Isabel II a renunciar al tron. On convocat Cortes Constituent, que se pronunciat in favor del regime monarchic, e per iniciativ del General Prim, on offertat li corona a Amadeo de Saboya, filio del rey de Italia. Su breve reyatu (caus li fatiga causat par li politicos contemporan) apert li via al proclamation del Unesim Republica, de curt duration, totvez mult agitat (in deci-un menses se succedet quar presidentes e terminat con li colpe de stato del General Pavía, qui dissoluet li Parlament. 

Li Restauration proclamat com rey Alfonse XII, filio de Isabel II. Hispania experimentat un stabilitá politic debit al sistema de governament creat par Cánovas del Castillo, basat sur li alternation del partitos conservator (Canovas del Castillo) e liberal (Sagasta) in li poter. In 1885 morit Alfonso XII, e su vidua Maria Cristina se íncargat del regentie til li majoritá de etá de su filio Alfonso XIII, nascet pos si mort de su patre. Li rebellion índependentist de Cuba in 1895 inductet li Statos Unit a intervenir in li zona e, pos li explosion del curassat Maine li 15 februar 1898 in li portu de Havana, ti-ci land declarat li guerra a Hispania. Hispania perdit su ultime territorias in America e Asia (Cuba, Filipines, Guam e Port Ric).

== Geografie ==
[[File:Spain topo.jpg|300px|right|thumb|Reliefe de Hispania peninsulari e Baleares.]]
Situat in Europa occidental e in li nord de [[Africa]], it ocupa li major parte del [[peninsul Iberic]], e, extra it, du archipelagos principal (li [[Insules Canarias]] in li [[ocean Atlantic]], e li [[Insules Baleares]] in li [[Mare Mediterraneo|mare Mediterraneo]]), du cités, [[Ceuta]] e [[Melilia]], in li nord de Africa, li insul de Alboran e un serie de insulettes avan li costas peninsulari quam li insules Columbretes. Adplu, it have territorias minor íncontinental quam li insules Chafarinas, li peñón de Vélez de la Gomera e li peñón de Alhucemas, omnis avan li costa african.

In extension territorial it es li quaresim país de Europa, detra [[Russia]], [[Ucraina]] e [[Francia]], e li duesim del [[Europan Union|Union Europan]].

Li límites fisic de Hispania es lis sequent: al west, [[Portugal]] e li ocean Atlantic; li mar Mediterraneo al ost; li strett de Gibraltar, li ocean Atlantic e mar Mediterraneo al sur; e li Pirineos, con li golfe de Vizcaya in li mar Cantabric al nord.

== Organisation territorial ==
=== Comunités autonom ===
[[File:Comunidades_autónomas_de_España.svg|497px|right]]
Hispania consiste ex 17 comunités autonom o regiones.
* [[Galicia]]
* [[Asturias]]
* [[Cantabria]]
* [[Pais Basc]]
* [[Navarra]]
* [[Aragon]]
* [[Catalonia]]
* [[Comunité Valencian]]
* [[Insules Baleari]]
* [[Murcia]]
* [[Andalusia]]&lt;ref&gt;Numeró 25 (4) COSMOGLOTTA, Serie B August 1939&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Extremadura]]
* [[Castilia-La Mancha]]
* [[Comunité de Madrid]]
* [[Castilia e Leon]]
* [[La Rioja]]
* [[Insules Canarias]]&lt;ref&gt;Cosmoglotta B 053 (dec 1943)&lt;/ref&gt;

It have anc du cités autonom:
* [[Ceuta]]
* [[Melilia]]

== Governament e politica ==
Hispania es un State social e democratic, subjecte al state de lege quel ha quam forma politic li monarchia parlamentari. Li soveranitá national es etablisset in li popul hispan de quel emana li autoritá del State.  

* Rey: [[Felipe VI de Hispania|Felipe VI]]
* Prim-ministe: [[Pedro Sánchez]]

{{Citation|Li Constitution Hispan de 1978 es basat en li índissolubil unita del Nation hispan, patria commune índivisibil de tot li hispanos, e reconosse e garanti li directe de autonomie del nationalitás e regiones que integra it e li solidaritá inter tot illes.|Constitution Hispan de 1978, articul 2.}}

=== Division de autoritás ===
li chef del Stato es li rey, qui arbitra e modera li functionament regular del institutiones y prende li plu alt representation del State hispan in li relationes international, ultra simbolisar li unita e permanentie del nation. En quelc casu, li no have iniciative propri in su actes politic, car li ne es responsabil de illes e sempre debe esser indossat par li autoritá politic competent.

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;160&quot; caption=&quot;Sedes del principal institutiones que exerci li different potenties del State&quot;&gt;
File:Congreso de los Diputados (España) 14.jpg|Palace del Cortes, sede del Congres del Deputates.
File:Palacio de la Moncloa, Madrid, España edited.jpg|Place de la Moncloa, residentie official del Presidente del Governament.
File:Tribunal Supremo, Madrid.jpg|Conventu del Salesas Reyal, sede del Tribunal Suprem.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Cultura ==
=== Lingues ===
[[File:Spain languages.svg|197px|right|thumb|Lingues de Hispania.]]
Li lingue oficial e ti max parlat (per 99% del popul) es li hispan. It es li lingue native del 89% del hispanos. It es anc parlat per 500 million persones in li tot munde e it es li max parlat lingue nativ pos li chinesi.

In Hispania anc altri lingues es parlat:
* [[Basc]]: in li [[Pais Basc]] e [[Navarra]].
* [[Aranesi]]: in li Valley de Aran. It es un variante del dialecte gascon del lingue occitan.
* [[Catalan]]: in Catalonia.
* [[Baleari]]: in li [[insules Baleari]].
* [[Valencian]]: in li Comunité Valencian.
* [[Galician]]: in Galicia e alcun partes de Asturias.
* [[Aragonesi]]: in li parte nord de Aragon.
* [[Asturian]]: in Asturias.
* Extremaduran in Extremadura

=== Religion ===
Li principal religion de Hispania es li catolicisme. Li Eclesia Catolica es lu unic nominat in li Constitution. Li duesim max important religion es li protestantisme, con 1 200 000 membres. Li sequente es li islam, con 800 000 membres, de qui li majoritá es migrantes del nord de Africa. Anc li Testimones de Johovah, con 100 000 membres, li mormones, con 20 000 membres e li judéos con 15 000 membres in comunités importante.

=== Sport ===
Li max populari sport in Hispania es [[football]].

== Interlingue ==
In Hispania existet un Hispan Occidental-Association e un revúe exclusivmen in Occidental nominat ''Catalonia in lucta'' esset publicat&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200724123620/http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1938&amp;page=48&amp;size=45 Cosmoglotta A 121]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Quelc occidentalistes hispan important es:
*[[Carles Varela]] (1902-1973) membre del Interimari academie de Occidental in Svissia durant li duesim guerre mundal (adjuntet quam 10-im membre in januar 1944&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210501012000/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1944&amp;size=45&amp;page=4 Cgl. 1944 p.45]&lt;/ref&gt;) e president del Hispan Occidental Association.
* Alberto Cabreiros Curieses, secretario del Hispan Occidental Association&lt;ref&gt;[https://occidental-lang.com/cosmoglotta/nro/087.html#cronica Cosmoglotta A 87 (mar-apr 1933)]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[Vicente Costalago]], occidentaliste, autor de pluri libres e dictionariums in occidental.

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Europa}}

[[Categorie:Hispania]]
[[Categorie:Europa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Liste del Interlinguistes e Occidentalistes</title>
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      <text bytes="29763" sha1="cjtn9rkhibb08ty6c34o8hjnu5xiiod" xml:space="preserve">* &lt;small&gt;''Ti liste ne es complet; ples auxiliar con adjunter plu detallies. (August 2023)''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Edgar de Wahl 1926.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Edgar de Wahl, creator del Occidental.]]
[[File:Occidental-Union, Wien 1928.jpg|thumb|Quelc occidentalistes: Engelbert Pigal, Karl Janotta, A. Deminger, [[Hanns Hörbiger]], Eugen Moess, [[Franz Houdek]], [[Hans Robert Hörbiger|Johann Robert Hörbiger]].]]

Ti es un '''liste de Interlinguistes e Occidentalistes'''.

== Anglia ==
*Sr. [[N.H. Divall]] ex London (23 Womersley Road), Occidentalist anglesi e secretario del Britannic Occidental Association&lt;ref name=&quot;Cgl. 1946 p.6&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111416/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1946&amp;page=6&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1946 p.6]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Sr. [[Ilmari Federn]] - autor del Occidental-English Vocabulary (1937, 16 págines) e li Occidental-Dansk Ordbog (1937, 36 págines). Filio del austrian autor [[Karl Federn]] (1868 - 1943), Ilmari traductet pluri de su ovres in Occidental,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111542/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1943&amp;page=104&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1943 p.104]&lt;/ref&gt; includent Li pont&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/Kosmoglott-Cosmoglotta_1937_n113_mar-apr/page/n15 Cgl. 1937&lt;/ref&gt; e Li verd parapluvie&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/Kosmoglott-Cosmoglotta_1935_n103_jul-aug/page/n13&lt;/ref&gt;. Nominat li &quot;dextri manu de de Wahl&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111543/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1945&amp;size=45&amp;page=67 Cgl. 1945 p.67]: &quot;Tis queles conosse Sr. Federn personalmen e save quant grand esset su activitá e su influentie in nor movement (il esset in facte li dextri manu de nor mastro de Wahl) va associar se al joya del sviss ductores pri ti unesim signe de vive de nor car amico pos un tre long silentie.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;. Fat li final revision&lt;ref name=&quot;Cgl. 1945 p.120&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210916092502/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1945&amp;page=120&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1945 p.120]&lt;/ref&gt; del grand dictionarium anglesi-Occidental per sres. Pope e Kemp.
*Sr. [[Francis R. Pope]], Occidentalist de Manchester. Duesim creator del grand dictionarium anglesi-Occidental. Comensante con li dictionarium scrit til li líttere P per sr. Kemp, il perfinit it durant li duesim guerre mundal&lt;ref name=&quot;Cgl. 1945 p.120&quot;/&gt;.
* Sr. [[Eric Biddle]]
* Sr. [[Gerald A. Moore]] (??? - †april 1935 in London)&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosmolotta A 104&quot;&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/133132086/Cosmoglotta%20A%20104%20%28sep-oct%201935%29 Cosmoglotta A 104 (sep-oct 1935)]&lt;/ref&gt;. Esset un director de bank quel subvetionat Cosmoglotta &quot;til li moment quande li abonnates esset sat numerosi por assecurar su regulari aparition&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosmolotta A 104&quot;/&gt;. Il publicat un articul pri interlinguistica in The Morning Post&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosmolotta A 104&quot;/&gt;.
* [[Leonard Beer]], qui demissionat quam Occidental-informatoria e agentie de Cosmoglotta in 1939&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132748620/Cosmoglotta%20B%20024%20%28jun%201939%29 Cosmoglotta B 024 (jun 1939)]&lt;/ref&gt;. 
* [[S. W. Beer Jr]], secretario del Interlanguage Association of Great Britain&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/133003224/Cosmoglotta%20A%20085%20%28nov-dec%201932%29 Cosmoglotta A 085 (nov-dec 1932)]&lt;/ref&gt;
* William Henthorne esset un occidentalist, membre del [[APIS]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131193993/Cosmoglotta%20B%20096%20%28feb%201948%29 Cosmoglotta B 096 (feb 1948)]&lt;/ref&gt; qui laborat quam laborero de fabrica. Il scrit li articul ''Pro quo yo abandonat Esperanto?'', quel aparit in Cosmoglotta A 127 (jul 1939)&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132921252/Cosmoglotta%20A%20127%20%28jul%201939%29 Cosmoglotta A 127]&lt;/ref&gt; e ''Ex li ombres'', un textu original quel aparit in Cosmoglotta A 105 (nov-dec 1935)&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/133135614/Cosmoglotta%20A%20105%20%28nov-dec%201935%29 Cosmoglotta A 105 (nov-dec 1935)]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sr. [[P. D. Hugon]]
* Sr. [[A.W.S. Raxworthy]], president del Britannic Interlingue Association ex li 28 octobre 1950&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132030174/Cosmoglotta%20A%20158%20%28dec%201950%29 Cosmoglotta A 158 (dec 1950)]&lt;/ref&gt; til un data ínconosset. Autor de ''Introductory Grammar of Occidental for English Students''&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132680259/Cosmoglotta%20B%20021%20%28dec%201938%29 Cosmoglotta B 095 (dec 1947)]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sr. [[Wilfrid E. Reeve]]; secretario e cassero del Britannic Interlingue Association
* Sr. [[George Dickerson|George L. Dickinson.]] Ex-esperantist&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131265345/Cosmoglotta%20B%20098%20%28aug%201948%29 http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131265345/Cosmoglotta%20B%20098%20%28aug%201948%29]&lt;/ref&gt;, esset un scritor, representante de [[APIS]] por Anglia. 
* Dr. [[Charles Kemp]], unesim creator del grand dictionarium anglesi-Occidental.
* [[Adrian J. Pilgrim]] esset redactor de Cosmoglotta inter 1985 e 2000.
* [[H. Dickenson]]. 
* [[H. D. Akerman]] esset vice presidente del Britannic Occidental Association in 1945&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130914234/Cosmoglotta%20B%20076%20%28nov%201945%29 Cosmoglotta B 076 (nov 1945)]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[C. W. T. Reeve]], del &quot;International Language Society of Great Britain&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=de Guesnet|prenómine=L. M.|annu=1928|titul=Cronica|A/B?=A|numeró=54|ligament=Louis M. de Guesnet|situ web=https://occidental-lang.com/cosmoglotta/nro/054.html#cronica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Argentina ==
* [[Enrique R. Gonzales]], ex [[Mendoza (Argentina)|Mendoza]]. Il correspondet con L.M. de Guesnet in 1954.

== Austria ==
*Dr. [[Hans Homolka|Hans A. Homolka]], presidente del Occidental-Union in Austria.
*Sr. [[Engelbert Pigal]] (1899? - 1978), austrian Occidentalist e un del prim usatores del lingue. Redactor de Cosmoglotta de1926 a 1930&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111416/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1946&amp;size=45&amp;page=29 Cosmoglotta A, 1946, pg. 29]&lt;/ref&gt;. Benque su dom esset destructet durant li duesim guerre mundal&lt;ref name=&quot;Cgl. 1946 p.6&quot;/&gt;, il supervivet li guerre in bon standa.
*Sr. [[Karl Janotta]]
* Ing. [[:en:Hanns_Hörbiger|Hanns Hörbiger]] {{En}}
* Su filio, [[Hans Robert Hörbiger|Johann Robert Hörbiger]].
* Ing. A. Reichert&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Redaction|prenómine=|annu=1935|titul=Ultim Nova 1. Austrian Occidental-Conferentie (9-14 april 1936)|A/B?=B|numeró=004|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132091290/Cosmoglotta%20B%20004%20%28oct-nov-dec%201935%29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sr. R. Hartmann&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Kurt Frankel
* Ing. Machowetz
* Ernst Graber
* L. Eckel, Vienna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Redaction|annu=1950|titul=Cosmoglotta|A/B?=A|numeró=151|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131884365/Cosmoglotta%20A%20151%20%28jan%201950%29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Belgia ==

* C.J. Boon, Uccles.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Redaction|annu=1937|titul=Cronica|A/B?=B|numeró=11|situ web=https://occidental-lang.com/cosmoglotta/nro/B-011.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dr. [[Jules Meysman|Jules Meysmans]]:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Meysmans|prenómine=Jules|annu=1931|titul=Li Chimera de un artificial derivation|A/B?=A|numeró=076|ligament=Jules Meysmans|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132895461/Cosmoglotta%20A%20076%20%28may-jun%201931%29}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[:eo:Jules Meysmans|ci]] {{Eo}}

== Canada ==
* [[A.R. Beauchemin]]&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20220114072037/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1947&amp;page=98&amp;size=45&lt;/ref&gt; (1862 - ?), canadesi Occidentalist ex Montreal, anteyan esperantist e idist. Inviat li poem ''Flores de autune'' a Cosmoglotta A 139 (jul 1948)&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131589813/Cosmoglotta%20A%20139%20%28jul%201948%29 Cosmoglotta A 139 (jul 1948)]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[David MacLeod]], traductor de ''[[Li Romance de Photogen e Nycteris]] (Li yuno del jorne e li yuna del nocte)'' e autor de ''[[wikibooks:Salute,_Jonathan!|Salute, Jonathan!]]'' Il ha tippat li ''Cosmoglotta'' por far it accessibil in li internet&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130687236/FrontPage Cosmoglotta]&lt;/ref&gt; Creator del blog ''Novas e Ruminationes in Occidental''&lt;ref&gt;[https://mithradates.substack.com/ Novas e Rumiationes in Occidental]&lt;/ref&gt;. Traductet a anglesi li ''Okzidental-Kursus in 10 Lektionen'' de [[Armas Ramstedt]]. Il ha revisat li ovres in occidental scrit de Vicente Costalago avan lor publication.

== Cuba ==

* Sr. Bonneval e Fuentes. ex Cienfuegos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Redaction|annu=1935|titul=Cronica|A/B?=B|numeró=4|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130926024/Cosmoglotta%20B%20078%20%28jan%201946%29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dania ==
* Poul Moth
* Jan Casse, representante del Occidental-Union in Dania&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132804585/Cosmoglotta%20A%20070%20%28may-jun%201930%29 Cosmoglotta A 070 (may-jun 1930)]&lt;/ref&gt;
* H.P. Frodelund, membre del Grand Comité de Redaction de Cosmoglotta&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230318120622&quot;&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132020694/Cosmoglotta%20A%20157%20%28oct%201950%29 Cosmoglotta A 157 (oct 1950)]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Spren Donnolt, instructor de lingues e membre del [[APIS]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131193993/Cosmoglotta%20B%20096%20%28feb%201948%29 Cosmoglotta B 096 (feb 1948)]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Else Jönsson, filia del Idist Birger Jönsson&lt;ref&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Jönsson|prenómine=Else|annu=1936|titul=Pro quo yo aprende Occidental e pro quo li problema del lingue international interessa me?|A/B?=B|numeró=8|ligament=Else Jönsson|situ web=https://occidental-lang.com/cosmoglotta/nro/B-008.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Georg Forchhammer]]: [[:en:Georg_Forchhammer|ci]] ; fisico e ductor. Un &quot;Jewahlist&quot;  il pensat que Interlingue e Novial esset dialectes del lingue &quot;Jewahli&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Federn|prenómine=Ilmari|annu=1935|titul=Occidental-Information Copenhag|A/B?=B|numeró=004|ligament=Ilmari Federn|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132091290/Cosmoglotta%20B%20004%20%28oct-nov-dec%201935%29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Estonia ==

* Dr. A. Saareste, professor in li universitá de Tartu&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Redaction|prenómine=|annu=1928|titul=Opiniones pri Occidental|A/B?=A|numeró=44|situ web=https://occidental-lang.com/cosmoglotta/nro/044.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

*[[Edgar de Wahl]] (1867 - 1948) Creator de Occidental.

== Francia ==
*H. Senigallia († 1929&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111416/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&amp;datum=1929&amp;page=6&amp;size=45&lt;/ref&gt;), li unesim Occidentalist in Francia.
*Georges Bohin, francesi Occidentalist, communiste, e director del &quot;école moderne&quot; in Strasburg in 1944.
*Sr. Furgerot, ex Reines.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Red.|annu=1930|titul=Cronica|A/B?=A|numeró=71|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132806109/Cosmoglotta%20A%20071%20%28jul-aug%201930%29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Sr. Boutreux, francesi Occidentalist e director scolari in 1944.
*René Chabaud, francesi Occidentalist. Captet in Germania durant li duesim guerre mundal, il revenit san e recomensat su activitás por li lingue, scriente articules&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111414/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1946&amp;page=16&amp;size=45&lt;/ref&gt; por Cosmoglotta.
*Jean Chanaud († 1934&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230421210640/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1934&amp;page=124&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1934 p.124]&lt;/ref&gt;), franceso e un del prim adeptes de Occidental. Il trovat Occidental per un exposite publicat in ''Schola et Vita,'' e composit li ''Index francés-Occidental al radicarium''.
*William Gilbert, francesi Occidentalist. Inviat un manuscrite de ''L'Occidental sans peine'' (plu quam 90 págines) a Cosmoglotta in 1943&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111545/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1943&amp;page=108&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1943 p.108]&lt;/ref&gt;. Editor del buletin por li Occidental-Societé de Francia in 1944.
*[[L. M. de Guesnet]] (1886 - 1969), francesi Occidentalist. Electet quam presidente del Occidental-Societé de Francia ye li fine de 1944.&lt;ref&gt;[http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1945&amp;page=12&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1945 p.12]&lt;/ref&gt; Devenit esperantist in 1906, e quelc annus plu tard idist. Manet idist til 1927 quande il adheret se a Occidental. Recivet li diploma de docente de Occidental in 1938.
*Marie Guilbert, francesi Occidentalist.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
*Paul Jauzin, francesi Occidentalist e economist. Proposit un moné nominat Universo&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111415/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1946&amp;page=13&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1946 p.13]&lt;/ref&gt; quel vell vicear li aurin etalon per un altri basat sur li 40 cardinal productes del terra: 20 agricultural productes e 20 productes industrial, por mantener un plu stabil potentie de compra quam ti basat sur un sol producte.
*Paul Beaufils
*Jacob Linzbach, president de Kosmoglott in 1922
*J.M. Luquet, secretario del Occidental-Societé de Francia in 1944.
*J. Toublet, cassero del Proletari interlinguistic association in Francia.
*M. Martinet, franceso e interpretero che li american armé in Rouen pos li duesim guerre mundal.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210215235901/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1946&amp;page=7&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1946 p.7]&lt;/ref&gt;
*S.G. Poujet, presidente del Proletari interlinguistic association in Francia.
*F. Sonnie
*Sra J. Colas, ex Souday. Instructora.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
*Ing. Thibault - director del hydro-distribution
*E. Foucher, nspector del sucrerias e distillerias
*Monsenior Foucault, episcop de St. Dié, amico de Occidental&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

== Finlandia ==
*J.H. Haukkapuro, Haaga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
*[[Tauno Tattari]], finnic Occidentalist e autor del manuale e vocabularium finnic-occidental. Morit durant li duesim guerre mundal pro pneumonie&lt;ref name=&quot;Cgl. 1945 p.120&quot; /&gt;.
*[[A.Z. Ramstedt]] (1894 - 1979). Autor del ''Okzidental-Kursus in 10 Lektionen'' por german-parlantes. Redactor de Cosmoglotta durant 2 annus&lt;ref name=&quot;Cgl. 1945 p.120&quot;/&gt;. Quam Occidentalist vivent in Finnland proxim a Tallinn, il corespondet frequentmen con Edgar de Wahl e, pos un ruptura de comunicationes, trovat li ancor vivent in Tallinn pos li duesim guerre mundal&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506120204/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1946&amp;size=45&amp;page=41 Cgl. 1946 p.41]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Germania ==
*[[Kurt Neumann]] (1907 - 1981)
*[[Joseph Gär]] - autor del ''Dictionarium german-Occidental'' publicat in 1943.
* Dr. Jur. A. Peipers, esset li Secretario del German Occidental-Federation, ex Cologne. 
* [[Johan Quensel]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132031923/Cosmoglotta%20B%20001%20%28jan-feb-mar%201935%29 Cosmoglotta B 001 (jan-feb-mar 1935)]&lt;/ref&gt; ([https://web.archive.org/web/20230812134526/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1935&amp;page=50&amp;size=33 image] ex Cosmoglotta)
* W. Mildebrath, esset li administrator del German Occidental-Federation
* [[Thomas Schmidt (Interlingueist)|Thomas Schmidt]] editor del jurnal [[IE Munde]], autor e traductor.
* [[Moritz Adolf Fritzsche]], qui habitat in Leipzig S3 Brandvorwerkstrasse 65
* [[Walter Karch|Walter Karch,]] ex Leipzig.
* Sr. Ponnier, ex Berlin.
* [[Dorlota Burdon]], autora.
* Werner Zimmerman
* Hugo Fischer, ancian Idist&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
* Karp Wallon&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
* Wilhelm Sandmann&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
* Peter H. Fink
* Dr Karl Schüppel

== Hispania ==
*[[Carles Varela]] (1902-1973) membre del Interimari academie de Occidental in Svissia durant li duesim guerre mundal (adjuntet quam 10-im membre in januar 1944&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210501012000/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1944&amp;size=45&amp;page=4 Cgl. 1944 p.45]&lt;/ref&gt;) e president del Hispan Occidental Association.
* Alberto Cabreiros Curieses, secretario del Hispan Occidental Association.
* [[Vicente Costalago]], occidentalist hispan, autor de pluri libres e dictionariums in occidental. Il anc scrit por Cosmoglotta e reserchat e fat disponibil li textus in Occidental quel esset in li [[CDELI]].
* Robert Cases&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/133050756/Cosmoglotta%20A%20097%20%28jul-aug%201934%29 Cosmoglotta A 097 (jul-aug 1934)]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Robert Castelló: Ex-idist. Secretario de [[Association por International Servicie|APIS]] por Hispania. Il adheret a Interlingue-Union in 1952. Ferit in li guerre intern hispan.
* José Pedrero Vallés, ex Valladolid. Morit in li guerre intern hispan.
* J. Rosselló-Ordines - scrit in su propri dialecte de Occidental in quelc lettres a Cosmoglotta in 1922.
* Pablo Tezanos de Los Corrales, ex Santander (Cantabria). Morit in li guerre intern hispan.

== Hungaria ==

* [[:fr:Denis Silagi]], de Budapest. Esser Esperantist, Idist, Occidentalist, e plu tard, apoyator del [[Latino sine flexione]]. Il esset judeic, e translocat se a Germania pos li duesim Guerre Mundial; il esser internat in Buchenwald. Quam occupation, il esset editor e scritor.
* Dr. Ernö Zichy-Acs, pionero de Cosmoglotta in Hungaria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Red.|annu=1927|titul=Cronica|A/B?=A|numeró=41|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132243279/Cosmoglotta%20A%20041%20%28jul-aug%201927%29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* O. MULTIS

== Italia ==
*[[Giuseppe Bevilacqua]], italian Occidentalist. Autor del ''Vocabularium Italian-Occidental'' in 1943&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111545/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1943&amp;page=108&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1943 p. 108]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Emilio Dal Martello, redactor del parte in Occidental de ''Italia Filatelica''&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132537084/Cosmoglotta%20B%20017%20%28jun%201938%29 Cosmoglotta B 017 (jun 1938)]&lt;/ref&gt;. Il scrit in li numeró de 6 julí 1937 de &quot;Fronte Unico&quot; (L'idea di Roma) un grand articul-anuncia pri Occidental in Occidental&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132354090/Cosmoglotta%20B%20012%20%28aug%201937%29 Cosmoglotta B 012 (aug 1937)]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dr Fr. Mascanzoni - Occidentalist italian (de Bari), redactor de [[Cosmoglotta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230318120622&quot;/&gt;
*[[Albert Picchi]] (26 marte 1875 - 27 marte 1942). Laborat in colaboration con G. Bevilacqua al preparation del &quot;Vocabulario Italiano-Occidental&quot;, autor del studie &quot;Stato attuale del problema della lingua ausiliaria internazionale&quot; (Actual statu del problema del lingue auxiliari international).
*Dr. Guidi, secretario de Sr. Dal Martello&lt;ref&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Redaction|prenómine=|annu=1936|titul=Cronica|A/B?=A|numeró=111|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/133175169/Cosmoglotta%20A%20111%20%28nov-dec%201936%29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Ing. Dr. Antonio Baietti, Rome.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Mascanzoni|prenómine=F.|annu=1946|titul=Judicies pri Occidental|A/B?=B|numeró=84|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130961382/Cosmoglotta%20B%20084%20%28sep%201946%29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Japan ==
* T. Kageyama: Il scrit a L. M. de Guesnet li 27 marte 1957 ex Shizuoka.

== Latvia ==

* Janis Roze, ex [[Riga]]

== Nederland ==
* [[Piet Cleij]] (1927 - 2015)
* Sr. Hoitingh, de Amsterdam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Redaction|annu=1945|titul=Cronica|A/B?=B|numeró=73|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130887210/Cosmoglotta%20B%20073%20%28aug%201945%29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*N. Posthuma, († 1944&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111415/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1946&amp;size=45&amp;page=45 Cgl. 1946 p.45]&lt;/ref&gt;), hollandesa, activ colaboratora e corespondent del Occidental-Academie. Ella vivet in Lausanne (Svissia) e retornat a Nederland just ante li duesim guerre mundal.
*A. Koning, ex Vrijurblaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
*H. Littlewood, instructor de anglesi in Gröningen. Captet del Germanes in Nederland in 1940 e deportat in Germania, il támen supervivet li guerre e retornat san in Anglia in 1945.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111543/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1945&amp;size=45&amp;page=67 Cgl. 1945 p.67]&lt;/ref&gt;
*A.F. Poggenbeek: Ex esperantist, il esset un del fundatores del Interlingue-movement in Nederland. Vice-president del Interlingue-Union. Il esset li director del firma A. Van Hoboken. Deputato in li parlament de Sud-Holland.&lt;ref&gt;Cosmoglotta A. 162&lt;/ref&gt;
*Marius den Outer, inventor del tachtype.

== Norvegia ==

* Karl Krogstad, Trondheim.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Redaction|annu=1937|titul=Cronica|A/B?=B|numeró=12|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132354090/Cosmoglotta%20B%20012%20%28aug%201937%29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* A. Engen, Oestre Ring.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Portugal ==
* Renato de Beça e Melo, ancian esperantist, esset un occidentalist portugalesi&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132282537/Cosmoglotta B 010 (apr 1937)  Cosmoglotta B 010 (apr 1937)]&lt;/ref&gt;. In 1947, il esset selectet membre del Senat del Occidental-Union&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131016867/Cosmoglotta%20B%20093%20%28oct%201947%29 Cosmoglotta B 093 (oct 1947)]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Caldeira Firmino, occidentalist portugalesi&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132921411/Cosmoglotta%20A%20128%20%28sep-dec%201939%29 Cosmoglotta A 128 (sep-dec 1939)]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rumania ==

* Aurel Eschenasy, ex Brest.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; - preparat un curs de Occidental in Rumanian, con su filio.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
* Géza Hant&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

== Russia ==

* [[Abram Kofman]], poet, Esperantist, e Occidentalist. Esset judeic.
*Ladislav Podmele, ex [[Moskva]]

== Scotia ==
*Dr. [[Charles Kemp]], creator del grand dictionarium anglesi-Occidental junt con Francis R. Pope (til li líttere P&lt;ref name=&quot;Cgl. 1945 p.120&quot;/&gt;).

== Svedia ==
*[[Johan Albert Haldin]] († 1942, pionero del Occidental-movement in Svedia)
* [[Erik Berggren]], secretario del Sved Occidental Federation, qui habitat in Etsarvägen 4 IV, Stockholm 43
* [[Bertil Blomé]] 
* Harald Björkman, ex Jänkisjärvi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; qui iniciat un un corespondentie per series de lettres circulant, nominat « CONVERSATIONES INTER INSTRUCTORES »&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/133277439/Cosmoglotta%20A%20119%20%28jan%201938%29 Cosmoglotta A 119 (jan 1938)]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[Carl-Erik Sjöstedt]], matematico
* [[:en:Carl_Wilhelm_von_Sydow|Carl Wilhelm von Sydow]] {{En}} - President honorari del Occidental-Academie&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132421941/Cosmoglotta%20B%20015%20%28feb%201938%29 Cosmoglotta B 015 (jan 1938)]&lt;/ref&gt; e membre del Interimari academie de Occidental in Svissia durant li duesim guerre mundal.
* [[Fritz Tjernström]], in [[:sv:Hällaström|Hällaström]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Sr. A. Nordlund, ex Rällsö&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Cand. [[Carl Segerstahl|Carl Segerståhl]]: [[:sv:Carl_Segerståhl|ci]] (in sved); docent in li universitá de [[Vindeln]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Redaction|prenómine=|annu=1934|titul=Cronica|A/B?=A|numeró=094|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/133039461/Cosmoglotta%20A%20094%20%28mar%201934%29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Gösta Ahlstrand&lt;ref&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Red.|annu=1937|titul=Ex li Paper-Curb|A/B?=B|numeró=10|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132282537/Cosmoglotta%20B%20010%20%28apr%201937%29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Svissia ==
*[[Ric Berger|Richard 'Ric' Berger]] (1894 - 1984). Ovres: ''Vocabularium fundamental de Occidental'' (scrit in 1943~44), ''L'Occidental en 5 leçons'' (januar 1946), inter altris.
*[[Erik Berggren]], membre del Interimari academie de Occidental in Svissia durant li duesim guerre mundal.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210501012000/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1944&amp;size=45&amp;page=4 Cgl. 1944 p.4]&lt;/ref&gt;
*Ed. Bieller, director del Revue Internationale de Sténographie, ex Bienne,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Lagnel|prenómine=Frédéric|annu=1938|titul=Cronica|A/B?=B|numeró=18|ligament=Fred Lagnel|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132547152/Cosmoglotta%20B%20018%20%28jul%201938%29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Bertil Blomé]], membre del Interimari academie de Occidental in Svissia durant li duesim guerre mundal.
*[[A.E. Cortinas]], Sviss Occidentalist ex Lugano. Sovente traductet e scrit original aforismes e historiettes&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111414/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1946&amp;size=45&amp;page=31 Cgl. 1946 p.31]&lt;/ref&gt; por Cosmoglotta.
*[[Adolphe Creux]], prestro en Rue, Canton de Fribourg, Svissia&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132392193/Cosmoglotta%20A%20044%20%28jan%201928%29 Cosmoglotta A 044 (jan 1928)]&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Jean Denzler]] (1871 - 1943), ex [[Bienne]], [[Svissia]]. Ancian esperantist, adheret se a Occidental in 1928. Membre nr. 8 del Sviss Association por Occidental. Colaborat al dictionarium de Gär e li &quot;Vocabularium de Occidental&quot;
*[[Fritz Haas]] (1898 - 1971), sviss Occidentalist ex [[Winterthur]]. Membre del Interimari academie de Occidental in Svissia durant li duesim guerre mundal.
*Herman Ferdinand Haller&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
*[[Kurt Hamburger]], editor de &quot;Cive del Munde&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1945&amp;size=45&amp;page=119 Cgl. 1945 p.119]&lt;/ref&gt;, local organ del Occidentalistes in St. Gallen, Svissia.
*Charles Piaget († 1943, sviss Occidentalist ex Bienne. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230421210140/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1943&amp;page=119&amp;size=45 Necrolog in Cosmoglotta B])
*[[Carl-Erik Sjöstedt]] (1900 - 1979), membre del Interimari academie de Occidental in Svissia durant li duesim guerre mundal.
*[[Erich Werner]]
*[[Enwin Wettstein|Erwin Wettstein]] (1879 - 1943&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111417/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1943&amp;page=118&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1943 p.118]&lt;/ref&gt;), Volapükist de 1893 a 1925, Idist durant li periode 1925 - 1928, e Occidentalist desde 1928. Depó-chef del Sviss Ferrovias in Erstfeld.
*[[Fred Lagnel]], director del Interimari Academie (INTAC) in Svissia desde 1943 durant li duesim guerre mundal (president: A Matejka, vice-president Ric Berger)
* [[Iso Baumer]]
*[[Alphonse Matejka]] (1902 - 1999), tcheco e presidente del Occidental-Union in Svissia. Ovres: ''Vollständiger Lehrgang der internationalen Welthilfssprache Occidental in 20 Lektionen'' (1942) ''Wörterbuch Occidental-Deutsch und Deutsch-Occidental'' (1945), inter altris.
*Major Tanner (Major [[Hermann Alfred Tanner]]). Sviss Occidentalist, nascet 16 octobre 1873. Adheret a Occidental in 1928 quande esset creat li [[Sviss Association por Occidental]].
*[[Edouard Mayor]], Svisso ex [[Lausanne]], Occidentalist adminim desde 1934&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/Kosmoglott-Cosmoglotta_1934_n098_sep-okt/page/n15&lt;/ref&gt; e plu tard presidente del Sviss association por Occidental&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111540/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1943&amp;page=95&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1943 p.95]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[Carl Hanns Pollog]]
* [[Adolphe Moekli]], director de oficie 
* G. Pidoux, Yvonand
* E. Kessler, Tuttwil
* J. A. Sautter, ex Winterthur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Redaction|annu=1943|titul=Concurs de Traduction|A/B?=B|numeró=42|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130811151/Cosmoglotta%20B%20042%20%28jan%201943%29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* J. Ritter, scrit un curs de Occidental por parlatores de Italian.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

== Tchekia ==

* J. Cordonnier&lt;ref&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Beer|prenómine=SW.|annu=1935|titul=Li Progresse de Occidental|A/B?=B|numeró=004|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132091290/Cosmoglotta%20B%20004%20%28oct-nov-dec%201935%29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

*Hynek Pášma († 1942&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111414/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1946&amp;page=7&amp;size=45&lt;/ref&gt;), tcheco e presidente del Occidental Academie. Anteyan esperantist e pos idist, il adheret se a Occidental in 1922 quam un del unesimes. Traductet li livre ''Nationalisme in Occidente'', un essay scrit per Rabindranath Thakur.
*[[Jan Amos Kajš]], tchec Occidentalist. Supervivet li duesim guerre mundal&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506120203/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1945&amp;size=45&amp;page=132 Cgl. 1945 p.132]&lt;/ref&gt;.
*[[Jaroslav Podobský]] (1895 - 1962), tchec Occidentalist.
*[[Josef Křesina]], traductor de ''Li matre parla'' e ''Camises Nuptial''.
*[[Tomáš Ondráček]] (1919 - 1997
*[[Bedřich Plavec]]
*Jaroslav Vozenilek&lt;ref&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Vozenilek|prenómine=Jaroslav|annu=1939|titul=Quo di Prof. Dr. h. c. Otmar Vanorny pri li Lingue international|A/B?=A|numeró=111|ligament=Jaroslav Vozenilek|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/133175169/Cosmoglotta%20A%20111%20%28nov-dec%201936%29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Jaroslav Tichý]] (1914 - 1985)
*Josef Svec, ex Praha
*Dr. K. Stasny.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cg|surnómine=Redaction|annu=1946|titul=Cronica|A/B?=B|numeró=78|situ web=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130926024/Cosmoglotta%20B%20078%20%28jan%201946%29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Unit States de America ==

* Dr K. Asakawa, de li universitá de Yale.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

*Gusten Jungren, ex San Benito, Texas.&lt;ref&gt;[http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1946&amp;page=9&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1946 p.9]&lt;/ref&gt;
*Dr Arthur Wormser, Illinois.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Altri landes ==
*J. J. Joho. Traductet li Evangelie secun Marc e Li Runoia&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230421210640/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1943&amp;page=48&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1943 p.48]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[Willy Wellekens]]
* R. Bradfield, director de Cosmoglotta in Australia in 1950.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Referenties ==

&lt;references/&gt;

{{Interlingue}}

[[Categorie:Listes pri Interlingue]]
[[Categorie:Liste de Occidentalistes]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bible</title>
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      <text bytes="3404" sha1="kwcq5ob75am092266b7lw8p1osld1pw" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|397px|right]]
Li '''Bible''' (del grec koiné τὰ βιβλία, ''tà biblía'', &quot;li libres&quot;) es li sant libre de [[Cristianisme]]. It contene li [[Ancian Testament]] e li [[Nov Testament]].

Li [[Ancian Testament]] es li sant libre de [[Judeisme]], durant que li [[Nov Testament]] explica li historie de [[Jesu]] [[Cristo]], li [[Messía]], e li actes de e li comunicationes epistulari inter su adherentes (apóstoles) pos su morte e resurection.

Li Bible have un profund influentie in li litteratura e li historie, specialmen in li munde occidental u li Bible de gutenberg esset li unesim libre printat usante tipes movibil. Secun li edition de marte de 2007 de Time, li Bible &quot;ha fat plu per formar li litterature, li historie, li divertissement e li cultur ca quelcunc libre jamá scrit. Su influentie sur li historie mundal es ínparallelat, e ne monstra signes de dominuer. Con un vendes total estimat de plu quam billion de copias, it es considerat li plu bon vendit libre del historie. En li decade del annus 2000, it vendit approximatmen 100 million de copies annualmen. 

== Bibles cristian ==
Un Bible cristian es un collection de libres que un denomination cristian vide quam divinamen inspirat e talmen quam scritura sante. Benque li Ecclesie Temporan usat principalmen li Septuaginte o li Targum inter parlatores de aramee, li apóstoles  no lassat un collection definit de Sant Scrituras; vice li canon del Nov Testament developat tra li témpore. Gruppes intra li cristianisme include libres different quam parte de su scrituras sante, essent li plu important li apocrifes o libres deuterocanonic.

== Biblic traductiones in Interlingue ==
Li sequent traductiones ha esset fat in Occidental / Interlingue:

* Li comense del Genesis&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131232426/Livre%20de%20Genesis  Livre de Genesis]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Evangelie secun Marc, per J.J. Joho&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20230421210640/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1943&amp;page=48&amp;size=45&lt;/ref&gt;
* Li Samaritano misericordiosi (Luc 10: 25 - 37) per W. Leuenberger&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20211205150002/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1943&amp;size=45&amp;page=19&lt;/ref&gt;.
* ''Li Banquette'', del Bible (Lucas 14:15-24), traductet in Cosmoglotta A 087 (mar-apr 1933)&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/133008828/Cosmoglotta%20A%20087%20(mar-apr%201933) Cosmoglotta A 087 (mar-apr 1933)]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Li Evangelie secun Johan 1: 1-5, 1:14, 3:16, per W. Leuenberger&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20211205134836/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1944&amp;size=45&amp;page=137&lt;/ref&gt;
* Evangelie secun Johan, per collaboratores de Wikisource&lt;ref&gt;https://wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(CEB,_Interlingue)_-_Johan&lt;/ref&gt;
* Evangelie secun Marc, per [[Thomas Schmidt (Interlingueist)|Thomas Schmidt]] februar 2021&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/ie_marcus_evangelie Evangelie secun Marc&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Epistul a Filemon]], per [[Vicente Costalago]], septembre 2021&lt;ref&gt;[https://prexins.wordpress.com/2021/09/14/epistul-a-filemon/ Epistul a Filemon]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Referenties ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Ligament extern ==
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/133020555/Cosmoglotta%20A%20088%20%28may-jun%201933%29 Etimologic bagatelles: li Bible]

{{Bible}}

[[Categorie:Bible]]</text>
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    <title>USB-C</title>
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      <comment>USB-C Map</comment>
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      <text bytes="1297" sha1="9znv9zmps8ady2rddj0ztnenvpyv11u" xml:space="preserve">[[File:USB Type‑C plug icon.svg|thumb|USB-C]]
[[File:USB-C.png|thumb|USB-C]]
[[File:LeTV X600 USB Type C port.jpg|thumb|USB-C port]]
'''USB-C''' es un electrical sistema de conexion.

==IEC==
IEC adoption:
*IEC 62680-1-3:2016 (2016-08-17, edition 1.0) &quot;''Universal serial bus interfaces for data and power - Part 1-3: Universal Serial Bus interfaces - Common components - USB Type-C™ cable and connector specification''&quot; &lt;ref&gt;https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/25676&lt;/ref&gt;
*IEC 62680-1-3:2017 (2017-09-25, edition 2.0) &quot;''Universal serial bus interfaces for data and power - Part 1-3: Common components - USB Type-C™ Cable and Connector Specification''&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/32071&lt;/ref&gt;
*IEC 62680-1-3:2018 (2018-05-24, edition 3.0) &quot;''Universal serial bus interfaces for data and power - Part 1-3: Common components - USB Type-C™ Cable and Connector Specification''&quot; &lt;ref&gt;https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/61599&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[File:USB-C Regulation World Map 2.0 2026.jpg|thumb|250x250px|USB-C Map]]IEC 62680-1-4:2018 (2918-04-10) &quot;''Universal Serial Bus interfaces for data and power - Part 1-4: Common components - USB Type-C™ Authentication Specification''&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/60748&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Referencias==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[categorie:Informatica]]</text>
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    <title>Thomas Edmondson</title>
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      <text bytes="2190" sha1="pl95g4d1jposw4wwpe9vjktjm7ph5d1" xml:space="preserve">'''Thomas Edmondson''' (30 junio 1792 in Lancaster, Anglia &amp;ndash; 22 junio 1851 in [[Manchester]], Anglia) es li inventor del Edmondson ferrovia-billete. Quande il comensat laborar quam chef de station in Milton (plu tarde Brampton) por li relvia de Newcastle e Carlisle, li idé venit a il simplificar li processu far li passageros montar li tren, quel til tande esset totalmen scrit per li manu.

Citation ex Cosmoglotta pri Thomas Edmondson&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20211204232104/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1947&amp;page=24&amp;size=45&lt;/ref&gt;:&lt;blockquote&gt;''Li invention del billet de ferrovia es debit a Thomas Edmonson, nascet ante circa 150 annus. Il esset *chef de station* proxim Carlisle, in Anglia; ma in li etá heroic del ferrovia, li viageatores esset atraet tre numerosi per li novitá, e li station-chef, sol employate, esset anc agulliero, portator e garda-barriere. Li viageatores venit solmen poc témpor ante li passage del tren e, pro que on devet scrir per li manu chascun « bon » de transporte, li convoy devet sovente atender long.''&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;''Edmonson successat eliminar ti retardes preparante in antey billetes: in inventet un specie de scri-machine de quel li incrat bande printat sur paperin quadrates li loc del destination, li classe, li numeró del sede in li vagon e li date de emission del billet. Restat a scrir per li manu li custa del curse. Il submisset su invention a su directores, quel ridiculisat su procede e támen permisset li « amusar se far billetes », si solmen il ne molestat per it ni li direction ni li publica.''&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;''Ne considerante se quam victet, Edmonson ofertat su invention a un altri ferroviari companie quel adoptet it e prendet li inventor in su servicie, duplicante su salarie. Poy altri companies sequet li exemple e Edmonson fundat con su fratre un societé por furnir al ferrovias machines e billetes tot printat.''&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;''Quande Edmonson morit in 1851, it restat in Anglia solmen un o du stationes quel fat ancor billetes per li ma''nu.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Extern ligamentes ==
{{reflist}}

[[Categorie:Angleses]]
[[Categorie:Inventores]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Occidental Societé de Francia</title>
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      <text bytes="1049" sha1="4493mhjjek04arbs05ihlznjdim20fe" xml:space="preserve">Li '''Occidental Societé de Francia''' eset fundat in Strasburg, 16 may 1929&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20250926003950/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&amp;datum=1929&amp;page=31&amp;size=45&lt;/ref&gt;. Li anuncie del societé esset fat quam seque (in modern ortografie):&lt;blockquote&gt;Noi have li plesura informar vos pri li fundation del &quot;Occidental Societé de Francia&quot;, quam section del &quot;Occidental-Union&quot; (Wien)

Nor organisation accepta li statutes del Occ.-Union, publicat in Cosmoglotta (dec. 1928)

Li comité provisori del Occidental Societé de Francia es constituet del sequent persones:

Presidente: L.M. de Guesnet, comercial agente, [[Paris]]

Secretario-cassero: G. Bohin, director del École Moderne, [[Strasbourg]]

Vice-secretaria: Senioretta J. Colas, instructora, Souday (Loir et Cher)

Membres: Ingenior Thibault, director del Hidro-distribution, Angers

Senioretta Guilbert, instructora, Videcosville (Manche)&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Referenties ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Interlingue}}

[[Categorie:Associationes por Occidental‎]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Edmond Privat</title>
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      <text bytes="1550" sha1="2relj9k3kgey9n4ikq1kkm52hmysgg1" xml:space="preserve">{{Biografie
|nómine = Edmond Privat
|foto = Privat.jpg
|land = {{SUI}}
|nascentie = 17-im de august 1889
|nas_loc = Geneva
|morte = 28-im de august 1962
|mort_loc = Rolle VD
|ocupation = Linguist, Esperantist
}}


'''Edmond Théophile Privat''' esset un [[francesi]] parlant e [[Esperanto|esperantist]] de [[Svissia]]. Il nascet li 17-im de august 1889 in [[Geneva]] e morit li 28-im de august 1962 in [[Rolle VD]].

Edmond Privat laborat inter 1933 e 1945 quam instructor por [[anglesi]] in un scola de comercie in [[Belinzona]] ed inter 1945 e 1959 il esset professor por angles-saxonion lingue e litteratur al universitá de [[Neuchâtel]].
 
Il atendet li Universitá de [[Geneva]] e esset un laboraci scritor por [[Esperanto]], quel il aprendet durant su infantie. Inter 1924 e 1928 Privat esset presidente del [[Universala Esperanto-Asocio]]. Inter 1920 e 1944 Edmond Privat esset redactor del jurnal [[Esperanto (Jurnal)|Esperanto]].

Privat publicat pluri libres in [[Esperanto]] e [[francesi]].

==Privat e Interlingue==

Ne tro partisan vers un sol sistema de lingue international, il scrit unvez a [[Edgar de Wahl]] que il trovat [[Interlingue|Occidental]] tre plesent (&quot;Mi tre sxatas viajn laborojn kaj vian Occidental'on&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&amp;datum=1929&amp;page=128&amp;size=45&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20250130231806/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1933&amp;size=45&amp;page=97&lt;/ref&gt;

== Referenties ==

[[Categorie:Esperanto]]
[[Categorie:Svissia]]
[[Categorie:Linguistes]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hynek Pášma</title>
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      <text bytes="654" sha1="3sku3hyfjneyc341d5xfjie4ff9t7xx" xml:space="preserve">'''Hynek Pášma''' (m. 5 septembre 1942) esset un del unesim adherentes a occidental. Il traductet ''Nationalisme in Occidente'', de Rabindranath Thakur (1926) a occidental. De 1930 a 1931 il editet li tomes del unesim biblioteca in occidental, nominat ''Ovre''. Il esset president del Occidental-Academie. Il morit per apoplexie del cordie.

== Ligament extern ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111414/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1946&amp;page=7&amp;size=45 Nova pri su morte in Cosmoglotta A 129, de 1946-03, págine 6]
[[Categorie:Traductores a Interlingue]]
[[Categorie:Occidentalistes]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pášma, Hynek}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ilmari Federn</title>
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      <text bytes="2158" sha1="enkxfkdknplnadmodh8dfrtagqcnx76" xml:space="preserve">{{Unesim}}
'''Ilmari Federn''' esset un occidentaliste, autor del ''Occidental-English Vocabulary'' (1937) e li ''Occidental-Dansk Ordbog'' (1937). Filio del austrian autor [[Karl Federn]] (1868 - 1943), Ilmari traductet pluri de su ovres in Occidental,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111542/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1943&amp;page=104&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1943 p.104]&lt;/ref&gt; includent ''Li pont''&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/Kosmoglott-Cosmoglotta_1937_n113_mar-apr/page/n15 Cgl. 1937&lt;/ref&gt; e ''Li verd parapluvie''&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/Kosmoglott-Cosmoglotta_1935_n103_jul-aug/page/n13&lt;/ref&gt;. Nominat li &quot;dextri manu de de Wahl&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111543/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1945&amp;size=45&amp;page=67 Cgl. 1945 p.67]: &quot;Tis queles conosse Sr. Federn personalmen e save quant grand esset su activitá e su influentie in nor movement (il esset in facte li dextri manu de nor mastro de Wahl) va associar se al joya del sviss ductores pri ti unesim signe de vive de nor car amico pos un tre long silentie.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;, il fat li final revision&lt;ref name=&quot;Cgl. 1945 p.120&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210916092502/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1945&amp;page=120&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1945 p.120]&lt;/ref&gt; del grand dictionarium anglesi-Occidental per sres. Pope e Kemp.

== Ovres ==
* ''Occidental -Grundlage für einen Internationalen terminologischen code'' (1936)
* ''Occidental-English vocabulary'' (1937)&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.es/books?id=Ct7gSAAACAAJ&amp;dq=Ilmari+Federn&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y Occidental-English Vocabulary]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Occidental-Dansk Ordbog'' (1937)&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.es/books?id=5QJCQwAACAAJ&amp;dq=inauthor:%22Ilmari+Federn%22&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y Occidental-Dansk Ordbog]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Slovník occidentalsko-český'' (1937)
* ''Spíritu de Occidental : li ovre de Edgar de Wahl'' (1938)
* ''Vocabolario Italiano-Interlingue'' (1949)
* ''Occidental. l'interlingue, langue de compréhension immédiate'' (1950)

== Referenties ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Interlingue}}
[[Categorie:Occidentalistes]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Federn, Ilmari}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Comité Explorativ por li Lingue International Auxiliari</title>
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      <text bytes="772" sha1="r1i4lw32d7b2tikwsjuhzxl4v0fglql" xml:space="preserve">Li '''Comité Explorativ por li Lingue International Auxiliari''' (CELIA) esset un institution international public e autonom, con su sede in li domicilie del presidente, de qui li lingue official esset [[occidental]]. It esset parte del [[Occidental-Union]] e su programma esset &quot;explorar omni propositiones pri grammatica e glossarium e preparar li decisiones convenibil&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132613851/Cosmoglotta%20A%20055%20%28dec%201928%29 Cosmoglotta A 055 (dec 1928)]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Referentie ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Ligament extern ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20201001225939/http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1925&amp;page=1&amp;size=45 Kosmoglott Seria A 1925]

{{Interlingue}}

[[Categorie:Associationes por Occidental‎]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sviss Association por Occidental</title>
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      <text bytes="3882" sha1="p67qm6ar8atropcls6uw97a1lxjhqqr" xml:space="preserve">Li '''Sviss Association por Occidental''' (SAPO) esset un association pro [[Occidental]] in [[Svissia]].

Li comité in novembre 1928 esset format de:
* Presidente: [[Ric Berger]], prof. Morges (Vd)
* Vice-presidente: [[Adolphe Creux]], pretre, Rue (Glâne)
* Secretario-cassero: [[Fred Lagnel]], instructor, Chapelle (Vd)
* Secretario-adjunte: Ed. Mayor, Chemin du Mont-Tendre, 14, Lausanne
* Membres: Dr. Aschwanden, Biel
* Dr. Nidecker, Blauenstr. 12, Basel

Li organ del movement esset ''Svissia''&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/137138763/Helvetia%20(dec%201928) Helvetia (dec 1928)]&lt;/ref&gt;. e li bulletin mensual esset nominat ''[[Helvetia]]''.

== Statutes ==
Li statutes del Sviss Association por Occidental esset adoptet in li reunion de Bern 22 sept. 1929.
§ 1. Li S.A.P.O. have quam scope propagar li lingue international Occidental.

§ 2. Li organes del SAPO es li Central Comité, li general assemblé e li scrit vote.

§ 3. Li SAPO es completmen neutral ye li vis-punctu religiós e politic.

§ 4. Li admission e li demission del membres eveni per simplic scrit demande. Li central comité decide pri tal demandes.

§ 5. Li general assemblé eveni omni annus in autun. Li loc del reunion es fixat e communicat al membres almen un mensu ante li die del reunion.

§ 6. Li comité central es composit del president, vice-president, secretario-cassero, vice-secretario e del presidentes del local gruppes. De du a du mensus li president fa circular inter li membres del central comité un &quot;currier&quot; contenent li correspondentie adressat al Association li interessant novas concernent li propaganda e li contos del Association con justificationes del expenses.

§ 7. Quande important questiones deve esser posit al membres, li comité misse a omni membres un circulare exposient li question a debatter con bulletin de vote.

§ 8. Li contos del Association es verificat de un comission de tri membres nominat chascun annu del general assemblé.

§ 9. Li central comité es nominat por un annu del general assemblé. Il es renominabil.

§ 10. Li dissolution del SAPO es decidet si li 2/3 del membres demanda it. Li majorité del membres decide pri li liquidation del fortune del Association.

§ 11. Li cotisation annual es fixat chascun annu del general assemblé. Contra ti cotisation, li membres recive gratuitmen li organ del Association.

== Liste de documentes ==
*54 (ie) Li du principies del lingue international (1932) [https://web.archive.org/web/20250926003251/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&amp;datum=1932&amp;page=13&amp;size=45]
*69 (ie) Occidental e li lingues slav (1932) [https://web.archive.org/web/20250930005256/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&amp;datum=1932&amp;page=15&amp;size=45]
*71 (ie) Li obligatori finales -o, -a, -as in Esperanto-Ido (1932) [https://web.archive.org/web/20250929103447/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&amp;datum=1932&amp;page=17&amp;size=45]
*72 (ie) Li simetrie del lingue international (1932) [https://web.archive.org/web/20250928125407/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&amp;datum=1932&amp;page=19&amp;size=45]
*75: (fr) La base de la langue internationale OCCIDENTAL (1933) [http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&amp;datum=1933&amp;page=32&amp;size=45]
*77: (ie) Qui es Edgar de Wahl? (1933) [https://web.archive.org/web/20250929210216/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&amp;datum=1933&amp;page=9&amp;size=45]
*78F (fr) Remarques sur queles formes de l'Occidental (1932) [https://web.archive.org/web/20200721223536/http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&amp;datum=1932&amp;page=61&amp;size=45]
*85 (ie) Otto Jespersen e Edgar de Wahl. (1932) [https://web.archive.org/web/20200722045525/http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&amp;datum=1932&amp;page=63&amp;size=45]

== Referenties ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Interlingue}}

[[Categorie:Sviss Association por Occidental]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>FEDERALI</title>
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      <text bytes="636" sha1="9mwiqm85rjhw5gldshyw6obnck8rc1c" xml:space="preserve">'''FEDERALI''' (Federation del Amicos del Lingue International) esset un association de esperantistes, idistes e occidentalistes a colaboration por li L.J.

FEDERALI docet que [[Esperanto]], [[Ido]] e [[Interlingue|Occidental]] es solmen quasi dialectes de un lingue international, e si on comprende un de ili, on comprende anc li céteris.

== Ligament extern ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20250930021425/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1924&amp;page=36&amp;size=45 Information pri li association]

{{Cosmoglotta|Kosmoglott III n 5-6 Decembre 1924}}
{{Interlingue}}

[[Categorie:Associationes por Occidental‎]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Occidental in Europa</title>
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      <text bytes="11243" sha1="ibv72v8vw2175njslodbvshai0l5nvt" xml:space="preserve">'''Occidental''' es un lingue creat de [[Edgar de Wahl]], un baltic germano qui vivet in [[Tallinn]]. Li lingue, quel hodie ne have un movement tam important quam in li passate, ha esset principalmen studiat in [[Europa]].

== Historie per país ==

=== Austria&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/133166190/Cosmoglotta%20A%20109%20%28jul-aug%201936%29 Cosmoglotta A 109 (jul-aug 1936)]&lt;/ref&gt; ===

==== Unesim Austrian Occidental-Conferentie ====
Li Unesim Austrian Occidental-Conferentie evenit li 10. 11 e 12 april 1936 in li Hotel « zum Auge Gottes » in Wien.

Un public discurs de senior Dr. [[Hans Homolka]] pri li tema ''Pro quo Occidental? - Principal punctus del interlinguistic problema'' introductet li reuniones li 10 april (public propaganda-vésper). Li referente exposit pro quo ni un mort lingue quam Latin, ni un vivent national lingue quam Anglés, ni un artificial lingue con desfigurat parol-images quam Esperanto posse servir quam standard-lingue in scientie e tecnica o quam auxiliari lingue in comercie e trafic. Il demonstrat per convictiv argumentes li ínsuficentie del aprioristic principies, queles misductet (precipue per li grotesc exageration de un purmen schematic « facilitá ») li anteyan « lingue-fabricantes » al construction de ínnatural e ínpopulari projectes. In sam témpor il pruvat que Occidental es nullmen un artificial idioma ma in contra un natural lingue regularisat, natural in su vocabularium de ínmutilat international paroles, e regularisat pro su modern analitic minimal-grammatica, quel es scientificmen íncontestabil e aprensibil in quasi un hor. Un textu in Occidental, presentat al interessat auditoria, trovat plen aprobation. On constatat unanimmen li ínmediat comprensibiliá de Occidental e nequi del audientes dubitat, que li referente havet rason con conclusion, que Occidental, comprensibil a 300 million civilisat homes sin anteriori studie, es pro su lingual e cultural qualitás predestinat devenir li standard-lingue del international scientie, tecnica e trafic. 

Durant li discussion pos li discurs Sr. ingeniero [[Engelbert Pigal]] con grand verve ancor un vez resumat li cultural avantages de Occ., e su grand educativ valore, quo esset incontrat con evident consense.

Li 11 april evenit li unesim oficial session del conferentie. Li honorari Presidente del Occidental-Union, senior Ing. Hans Robert Hörbiger, fat li discurs pri li « International intercomprension in li scientific litteratura ». In impressiv maniere il demonstrat al qualificat auditorie li grand impedimentes e desfacilitás queles es causat in ti dominia per li caotic lingual situation de nor témpor. Il accentuat li necessitá del international standardisation del nomenclatura in scientie e tecnica e mentionat li labores, queles li associationes de standardisation ha interprendet, por etablisser un international terminologic code. In ti conection li referent sublineat li principies de Occidental, queles monstra li via a un satisfactori solution de ti important problema. Un lingue quel es basat sur scientificmen ínrefutabil fundamentes, quam Occidental to es, ne besona — secun senior Ing. Hoerbiger — usar li sam combatte-metodes quam li altri « artificial » idiomas. Occidental propaga se self per su inherent qualitás. Pro to li referente consiliat ne disperser li forties per combattes contra altri interlingue-sistemas e postulat in contra li propaganda per Occidental, to es li practic aplication de Occidental, quam to es fat in li Hoerbiger-lnstitut e in li Hoerbiger-Jurnale por Cosmologie. Li exposé de Sr. Ing. Hoerbiger e li numerosi explicationes e Sr. Ing. E. Pigal evocat grand aplaudimentes e fructosi discussiones, in li curs de queles un docente de  jurisprudentie (por international jure) declarat se parat sequer li exemple del Hoerbiger-Institute e usar Occidental in su archives por li comunication de su Institute. 

Soledí de Pasca, li 12 april, li Presidente del Conferentie, senior [[Karl Janotta]], raportat pri li organisation del austrian movement e labores del [[Interlingue-Union|Occidental-Union]] e Academie. On decidet li fundation de un Austrian Occidental Federation ; poy on resoluet recomandar al Occidental-Academie mantener li etimologic (historic) grafisme e renunciar anc in futur a minu natural innovationes. Con un adresse de reverentiosi salutationes a senior de Wahl li Conferentie esset cludet.

=== Germania ===
Ja in 1930 Dr. Peipers fat eforties por fundar un german organisation del occidentalistes. Pro divers causes ti eforties esset prematurat, e in li sequent annus li politic e economic crise esset un gravissim obstacul per li movement in Germania. In ti circumstanties li sr. W. Mildebrath funat o reorganisat reorganisar li german section del Occidental-Union, malgré li culmination del crise. Li inaugural convente esset in li 8m e 9m octobre 1932 in Leipzig. Li nov organisation have li sequent membres:
* Secretariatu; Dr. Peipers.
* Administration: W. Mildebrath.
* Lettre-curses: W. Karch. 

Li 1 may 1945, li occidentalist Mildebrath demandat li autorisation reconstituer li [[German Occidental-Federation]] (''Deutscher Occidental-Bund'')&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130954200/Cosmoglotta%20B%20083%20%28aug%201946%29 Cosmoglotta B 083 (aug 1946)]&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Hispania ===
In Hispania existet un Hispan Occidental-Association e un revúe exclusivmen in Occidental nominat ''Catalonia in lucta'' esset publicat&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200724123620/http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1938&amp;page=48&amp;size=45 Cosmoglotta A 121]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Li hispan [[Vicente Costalago]] devenit membre del [[Interlingue-Union]] li 16 septembre 2020 e comensat scrir e publicar ovres in Interlingue&lt;ref&gt;Cosmoglotta 329&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Svedia&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132941928/Cosmoglotta A 080 (jan-feb 1932) Cosmoglotta A 080 (jan-feb 1932)]&lt;/ref&gt; ===
Li unesim articul pri Occidental in Svedia esset publicat li 1-m decembre 1927 per [[Albert Haldin|A. Haldin]] in li jurnale &quot;Eskilstuna-Kuriren&quot;. Li convictiv presentation evocat un grand interesse por Occidental inter li mult amicos del lingue international in Svedia. In li comensa de 1928 dr [[Carl-Erik Sjöstedt]] presentat Occidental in un jurnale in Uppsala e bentost un Societé Occidental esset fundat in ti cité. In li fine del annu esset organisat li Sved Occidental Federation, apert por omni occidentalistes in Scandinavia e Finlandia.

In 1928 quelc interessates in Stockholm unit se por studiar profund li nov interlingue. Por adeptes esset arangeat un special circul de studies e ti circul continua su regulari reuniones in li citean biblioteca. Durant li studies li pensa pri un Stockholman societé nascet e li 5-m decembre 1930 on decidet fundar un tal. In ti decide participat anc li conosset mundlinguist dr S.E. Krikortz. Li oficial fundation eventet li 16-m januar 1931. Durant que li studie-circul da al nov adeptes li elementari instruction, li societé labora por li general usation e propaganda del lingue. Con plesura li membres ha constatat li facilitá de Occidental in conversation con extranos, p.ex. durant li visita in li passat estive del anteyan editor de Cosmoglotta, sr J.A. Kajs de Tchecoslovakia.

Per medie de manuales, anuncias e un special curs de corespondentie, Occidental nu es plu conosset quam antey in Svedia e in divers locos on prepara fundar local societés. Post li preparatori labores del unesim annus li movement in Svedia nu ha intrat in un nov fase, durant que noi espera inregistrar ulterior progresses. Li Societé Occidental de Stockholm joya posser assister desde 1932 anc in li international labor por Occidental per li edition de Cosmoglotta, li cardinal organ del universal Occidental-movement.

=== Svissia&lt;ref name=KunzliAndres&gt;Künzli, Andres (2006) ''Universalaj Lingvoj en Svislando'', La-Chaux-de-Fonds: SES (Svisa Esperanto-Societo (SES) e CDELI (Centre de Documentation e d'Etude sur la Langue Internationale)&lt;/ref&gt; ===
In li medietá del disputas inter li idistes, li Romanda Ido-Societo comensat in 1927 studiar li argumentes del divers sistemas linguistic. Ric Berger recivet li tache de comparar ido e occidental. Il concludet que Occidental esset plu bon quam Ido&lt;ref&gt;Cosmoglotta 84/1932&lt;/ref&gt;. Mult idistes quam [[Josef Aschwanden]], [[Arnold Schrag]], [[Heinrich Nidecker]], [[Jean Denzler]] e [[Adolphe Creux]] concordat con Ric Berger e changeat a Occidental. Li 21 april 1928, li membres del Romanda Ido-Societo reunit per discusser li situation del planlingues e Adolphe Creux provat li avantages de Occidental. Post to, li [[Sviss Association por Occidental]] nascet&lt;ref name=KunzliAndres/&gt;.

In 1930 Edgar de Wahl visitat la conferentie interlinguistic de IALA in Geneve e reunit con alcun occidentalistes, inter ili Ric Berger, qui pictet le. In 1939 it esset fundat li [[Societé cooperativ del Occidental-Editiones]] (SCOED). Con li Duesim Guerre Mundal, li activitá de Occidental parat. Al final de 1941 it esset fundat li Senate del Occidental-Union, quel electet membres de landes neutral (Svedia e Svissia), inter ili Berger, Nidecker, Ritter e Matejka.

Durante alcun témpor, Ric Berger guidat li movement occidentaliste in Svissia quam unesim presidente del SAPO (til 1933), qui vell nominar le membre honorabil. Il redactet li revúe Svissia (post Helvetia). Il esset redactor de Cosmoglotta inter 1934 e 1950, colaborat con li SCOED e devenit in 1942 li vice presidente del [[Occidental-Union]].

Li activitá de Occidental in Svissia es principalmen fat per Erich Werner in li annus 2000. [[Vicente Costalago]] eat a Svissia in 2020 e, poy conossentar Claude Gacond e li [[CDELI]], il comensat publicar in Occidental.

== Liste ==
=== Organisationes actual ===
* [[Interlingue-Union]]

=== Organisationes historic ===
* Anglia
** Associationes
*** Britannic Association por Occidental
*** Interlanguage Association of Great Britain
*** British Occidental Centre
** Bulletines
*** Inter nos, bulletin mensual del British Occidental Society

* Svedia
** Associationes
*** Societé Occidental de Stockholm
*** Sved Occidental Federation
*** Sved Occidental-Editoría
** Revúes 
*** Sved Occidentalist

* Dania
** Bulletines, libres e documentes
*** Súper li frontieras
*** Interlingue-Informationes
*** Lucta de Classe
*** Occidental-Information Copenhag
*** Et internasjonalt språk de H.P. Frodelund
*** Interlingue, det moderne internationale hjaelpesprog

* Germania
** Associationes
*** German Occidental-Federation

* Francia
** Associationes
*** Association Proletari Interlinguistic
*** [[Occidental Societé de Francia]]

* Hispania
** Associationes
*** Hispan Association por Occidental
** Bulletines, libres e documentes
*** Per qué l'Occidental conserva es dobles consonants.
*** Els 5 tipus de llengua internacional. 
*** La llengua internacional i els orientals.

* Italia
** Bulletines, libres e documentes
*** [[Corso di Occidental per gli Italiani]]

* Svissia
** [[Sviss Association por Occidental]] (SAPO)

== Ligament intern ==
* [[Liste de Occidentalistes]]

== Referentie ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Cosmoglotta|Cosmoglotta A 080 (jan-feb 1932)}}
{{Interlingue}}
[[Categorie:Interlingue]]</text>
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    <title>Cronologie de jurnales in Occidental</title>
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      <text bytes="20815" sha1="t9c0b48p51f3goydh6lnob2ksxzoq9r" xml:space="preserve">== 1922 ==

=== februar ===

==== [https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1922&amp;page=1&amp;size=45 Kosmoglotta Numeró 1] ====
Basic information:
*Adresse: Nikitinstrad 10, Reval, Estonia
*Abonnament annual: 4.00 Fr.

Contenete:

*'''A nor letores.''' - Introduction del lingue Occidental e li eforties por promover it al Liga de Nationes.
*'''W. K. Rosenberger †''' - Anuncie del morte de W. K. Rosenberger (in 1918), creator de Idiom Neutral (1902).
*'''KOSMOGLOTT e li Liga de Nationes.''' - comunication del Societé Kosmoglott al Liga de Nationes (francés), traductet in [[Esperanto]], [[Ido]] e Occidental. Seque un favorabil response de Inazo Nitobé, Director del Section de contores international del Liga de Nationes.
*Pinth J. B. de Luxembourg, Casinostr. '''Fusione de Ido et de Interlingua'''. (Interlingua / Latino sine flexione)
*Edgar de Wahl. '''Qual instructiones da nos li historie de lingue universal.''' &quot;Si noi compara li successiv exflore (florescentie) de Volapük, Esperanto, Ido e.c. noi posse constatar que chascun vez triumfa un nov idé...noi posse ja vider que li ver futur lingue international es situat inter Esp.-Ido, Reform Neutral, Universal e Interlingua. Li terren ne es tro grand, e noi posse pro to preciser su qualitás: Grammatica analytic, simil al anglés. Ortografie simil al grand nationes de Europa...Regularitá maximum in accord con internationalitá e naturalitá maximum. Ne absolutismes, ma practical e unitari compromisses de omni postulationes.&quot;
*'''Notas linguistic.''' Leer vs. lecter, abreviationes.
*'''Anuncia.''' &quot;Grammatica de Occidental in francés, anglés e german va apparir bentost. Vocabularium in 4 lingues es in preparation.&quot;
*'''Gazetes e Jurnales.''' Jurnales &quot;mentionant o criticant Occidental o Kosmoglott&quot;: A Comuna Nr. 86, Corriere Baleanico-Esperantista Nr. 10, 11, Eugenia Nr. 15, Export Esperantist Nr. 3, 4, La Policisto Nr. 1, Libereso Nr. 1 - 6, Libera Accordo Nr. 55, L'Idisto Katolika Nr. 57-60, Oriental Idisto Nr. 1, Paraviana Nr. 4, 5, Sennacieca Revuo Nr. 7, 8, Freedom, June 1922, La Feuille Nr. 6, Juin, Verda Utopia, Aprilo 1922, L'Esperanto, Nr. 5, Majo (J. Meazzini)

=== marte ===

==== [https://web.archive.org/web/20210626095910/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1922&amp;page=9&amp;size=45 Kosmoglotta Numeró 2] ====
Basic information:
*Adresse: Nikitinstrad 10, Reval, Estonia
*Abonnament annual: 4.00 Fr.

Contenete:

*Edgar de Wahl. '''Questiones de ortografie international.''' Un critica de Esperanto e Ido e lingues filosofic contra lingues naturalistic.
*Edgar de Wahl. '''Li Evolution de lingues e Ido.''' Un critica de Ido, quel de Wahl trova tro complex.
*Edgar de Wahl. '''Ido e li scientie.''' Un critica de Ido e su usada in li scientie.
*Nik. Jushmanov, Petrograd. (in Interlingua / Latino sine flexione) '''Xenolexica ut via ad interlingua.'' Li opinion de Jushmanov pri qualmen far plu facil li studie de Interlingua.

=== april ===

==== [https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1922&amp;page=13&amp;size=45 Kosmoglott Numeró 3] ====
Basic information:
*Adresse: Nikitinstrad 10, Reval, Estonia
*Abonnament annual: 4.00 Fr.

Contenete:

*Edgar de Wahl. '''Li íncorrectibil defectes de Esperanto.''' Un critica de Esperanto e su finales oj, aj, ojn, ajn, etc.
*Redaction. '''Responses a pluri amicos de KOSMOGLOTT.''' I. Instructiones pri qualmen misser payamentes a Estonia. II. Que li nómine Kosmoglott ne es un parol in Occidental ma li nómine propri del societé mundlinguistic fundat de Sr. W. Rosenberger in Petrograd. III. Response a Professor G. Peano qui dit que il ne vide &quot;regulas de ortographia&quot; in Occidental.
*'''Avise'''. Information pri li vocabularium de Occidental in 8 lingues (anglés, francés, german, italian, portugalés, russ, sved) quel va esser publicat.
*'''Rectificationes.''' Rectificationes pos li articul pri Ido in li numeró passat.
*'''Information.''' &quot;Sr. Tsheshikhin, secretario de Kosmoglott in Petrograd, scri nos, que nor consocios espera in proxim témpore renovar con permission del guvernament de sovietes li activitá de nor societé in Petrograd. Bravo!'''
*'''Fanatism Esperantistic!''' Esperantist Sr. Ernst Muthshall &quot;retromisse li provnumere, misset a il, dispezzat&quot; e un altri esperantist scrit que Occidental es &quot;la plej ridinda el chiuj tiel nomitaj internaciaj lingvoj iam eldonitaj&quot;.
*'''Annuncies.''' - Ha aparit curt grammaticas de Occidental in francés, un brochurette '''Transcendent Algebra''' de Jacob Linzbach, e '''Mathematische Ideographie''' in german.

=== may ===

==== [https://web.archive.org/web/20210626145307/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1922&amp;page=17&amp;size=45 Kosmoglott Numeró 4] ====

Basic information:
*Adresse: Nikitinstrad 10, Reval, Estonia
*Abonnament annual: 4.00 Fr.

Contenete:

*Julian Proròk (Leipzig). '''Sclavitá partian ó liberita cultural in lingue international?''' Un discussion pri li filosofies del existent planlingues.
*Edgar de Wahl. '''Li formul de prof. O Jespersen: &quot;Max facila por la max multi&quot;.''' Un argument que si on crea un lingue secun li max grand population on vell finir con un &quot;anglo-russo-chines, do un specie de Pidjin-english e tutmen ne Ido, ni un altri ex li proposit til nu systemes&quot;, concludente con &quot;Pro to mi proposi li secuent completion del formul de Jespersen: &quot;Max facil por li majorité de ti, qui deve applicar it.&quot;&quot;
*'''Declaration.''' Senior Friedrich Westhoff del gazete &quot;Europasia&quot; in Berlin &quot;declara que in public e privat communication il lassa guidar-se solmen del rason, e ne de quelcunc artificial dispositiones, ni de propri o extran interesses pecuniari...&quot;
*Edgar de Wahl. '''A Senior Peus - Dessau.''' Edgal de Wahl fa un appell public a Senior Peus, idist, qui fat un proposition comparant Ido e Esperanto in un magasine esperantist. Edgar de Wahl fa li sam proposition a Peus a comparar Ido con Occidental.
*'''Un Comparation.''' Un litt raconta in Esperanto e Occidental por &quot;monstrar que justli li finales de Esperanto fa desfacil li comprension.&quot;
*Edgar de Wahl. '''Lingual questiones.''' Responses a questiones pri: 1) Li normal derivation del substantives venient ex li verbes in -ar (pensa o pense, demanda o demande, etc.) 2) &quot;Explicar plu clarmen per exemples li usu del vocale final '''a''' in caracterisant finales.&quot; 3) Li plural del substantives -arium. 4) -ess contra -ez. 5) -ijar contra -escer. 6) &quot;Ples donar exemples por li suffix -icar.&quot;
*'''Ex epistol de Sr. Creux - Rue - Suisse.''' Un lettre pri li derivation quel proposi un modificat e plu complex regul de Wahl, a quel Sr de Wahl da su response.
*'''Gazetes e jurnales.''' - Liste de gazetes e jurnales queles &quot;mentiona o critica Kosmoglott e Occidental&quot;: Academia pro Interlingua, Bulletin Français-Ido, Bulletin du Comité des Rélations Internationales, Circulaire de l'observatoire de Cracovie, Corriere Balcanico-Esperantista, Esperantida, Eugenia (Revista de Cultura), Europ-Asien, Kombato, La Feuille, La France Postale Esperantiste, La Moderna Edukisto, La Patrie Ladine, L'Amiko Idista, L'Esperanto, Libereso, Mondo, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, Revaler Bote, Sennacieca Revue, The British Esperantist, Vak, Paraviana, Wiener Blätter für die Freuned der Antike.
*'''Brochures.''' Un liste de brochuras pri planlingues in general.

=== junio ===

==== [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190953/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1922&amp;page=25&amp;size=45 Kosmoglott Numeró 5] ====

Basic information:
*Adresse: Nikitinstrad 10, Reval, Estonia
*Abonnament annual: 4.00 Fr.

Contenete:

*'''Li Facilitá del Esperanto.''' &quot;On fanfarona tant pri li facilitá de Esp-o que li publica finalmen crede it, proque generalmen Esp es vermen un lingue tre facil comparat con li lingues natural; ma existe mult parties in li grammatica de Esp queles es plu desfacil quam in lingues natural, e to ne deve esser...&quot;
*Edgar de Wahl. '''Du Formules.''' &quot;It es clar, que si li lingue international un vez atin'e su expansion complet, it ne va esser plu li duesim lingue. It va esser li unesim...pro to justmen li grand nationes contra-acte in general L. I. quam concurrent e adversario, e it ne es sin signification que just li minim nationes favorisa Esp. On deve subliniar que to tutmen ne significa que ili trova just Esperanto max bon o max convenient por ti scope...Ili solmen protecte li idé del L. I.&quot;
*Edgar de Wahl. '''Videant Consules.''' &quot;Proque li provas adapter li classic latin al usu international til nun ne ha conductet a un resultate practic pro desfacilitá insuperabil del grammatica e manca de paroles modern, on ha fat anc mult experimentes utilisar li simplificat vocabularium latin con un systematic simpli grammatic...&quot;
*Edgar de Wahl. '''Timore de Esperantistes.''' Edgar de Wahl scri que il ne posset obtener permission por partiprender in li XIV congress de Esperanto in Helsingfors. Li response di que &quot;La Loka kongresa komitato ne povas senplue akcepti vin kiel kongresanon car vi faras kontraúesperantan propagandon.&quot; de Wahl continua: &quot;Quancam mu finlandan samideanos vell devel conosser me de mu visita in Helsingfors, ili time propaganda dangeros de un singli person in lor congress de plu quam 1000 esperantistes. Esque vermen mi es tam terribil?&quot;
*Edgar de Wahl. '''Lingual questiones. &quot;Mi&quot; o &quot;yo&quot;.''' Li unesim discussion in quel on discusset li pronomine yo, quel esset &quot;mi&quot; quande Occidental esset anunciat por li prim vez.
*'''Analytic conjugation.''' Un response de de Wahl a un questionante qui scri: &quot;Li sistem de conjug. analitic apare me oneros e povri, sin computar que es poc facil electer prefixes perfect. Jo vole-ré conosser l'origin de vor prep. de futur '''va'''. Casualmen in mi lingue, catalan, ti ci prefixe verbal es usat por monstrar li preterit: ell va cantar = il fe cantar segun vo.&quot; Li response: &quot;Que occasionalmen li particul '''va''' in li lingue Catalan per un poc altri evolution have li sense de preterit, ne posse influentiar nos. Vo sempre va trovar un lingue quel have por un parol just li sense contrari. Ples comparar I calde e D kalt...&quot; Poy il demonstra li avantages del sistema analitic por li verbes.
*'''Gazetes e Jurnales.''' LIste de gazetes e jurnales queles &quot;mentiona o critica Kosmoglott e Occidental&quot;: A Comuna Nr. 86, Corriere Balcanico-Esperantista Nr. 10, 10, Eugenia Nr. 15, Export Esperantist Nr. 3, 4, L'Amiko Idista Nr. 14, La Policisto Nr. 1, Libereso Numerós 1 - 6, Libero Accordo Nr. 55, L'Idisto Katolika Numerós 57 - 60, Oriental Idisto Nr. 1, Paraviana Nr. 4, 5, Sennacieca Revuo Nr. 7, 8, Freedom, June 1922, La Feuille Nr. 6 Juin, Verda Utopia, Aprilo 1922, L'Esperanto, Nr. 5, Majo.
*'''Libres e brochures.''' Un liste de brochuras pri planlingues in general.
*'''Anuncies.''' Un anuncie in Interlingua de Peano pri li Academia pro Interlingua quel trova se desde 1909 in Torino, custas de abonnament, etc.
*Altri anuncies: Ha aparit curt grammaticas de Occidental in francés, anglés e german. Publication de Trancendent Algebra, un &quot;ideografie matematical&quot;.

=== julí ===

==== [https://web.archive.org/web/20210801072201/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1922&amp;page=33&amp;size=45 Kosmoglott Numeró 6] ====

Basic information:
*Adresse: Nikitinstrad 10, Reval, Estonia
*Abonnament annual: 4.00 Fr.

Contenete:

* '''Li societé Kosmoglott'''. Un introduction al societé quel have quam scope: &quot;a) li scientic e filosofic exploration del probleme de mondilingue in general e lingue international in particulari. b) li critica de provas de solution del nominat probleme. c) incoragement de novi experimentes e lor autores. d) evocation de interesse del publica al probleme in general e al single labores in particulari.&quot; It nota anc que li societé &quot;ne have quam scope propaganda de un lingue special.
* nic yucmanof. '''tri basis de lingu inter-european.''' Un introduction a un mundlingue nominat etem, nómine selectet quam abreviation de &quot;ekonomi tempor, energi, medi!&quot;.
* Pinth J.B. '''Tres progressus in lingua internationale.''' Un articul in Interlingua de Peano quel parla pri tri li developation de Esperanto (1) a Ido (2) e in fine a (3) Interlingua. It mentiona que &quot;Interlingua, Occidental etc. adopta voces internationale sine deformar illos, et habe solmen 2-4 suffixos de conjugatione, per que aspectu de verbos naturale non fi mutato.&quot;
* Duval-Dampierre. '''Rectification.''' Dampierre scri in Occidental contra Kosmoglott 3 quel di &quot;si li bolchevism va triumfar it va constructer un nov cultur Esperantal&quot;, respondente que &quot;Li bolchevism favore li mundlinguistic movement, ma ne prefere nulmen Esp. Nu es un commission de studies occupat adoptar un official lingue auxiliari por li 3-im internationale.&quot; Response del redaction: &quot;Noi joya audir que li proletarial movement have un commission de studies por li L.I. e ne es jurat in un special systeme, ma studia li tot movement...&quot;
* Edgar de Wahl. '''Senior Peus accepte.''' &quot;Mi joya annunciar que Sr. P. accepte li proposition fat a il in Nr. 4, editer un brochurete con textes parallel in German, Ido e Occidental.&quot;
*'''Lingual questiones.'''
**Question de J. Rosselló-Òrdines pri li pronómines mi e io. 
**Un altri question de J. Rosselló-Òrdines  pri conjugation analitic o sentitic. 
**Question de Gerald A. Moore pri li verbes reciver e recepter. 
**Un altri question de Gerald A. Moore pri li possibilitá de un preterite in -v vice -t.
**Un altri question de Gerald A. Moore pri li -r in li infinitive pos va por li futur.

*'''Recensiones.'''
**Un nov lingue auxiliari nominat '''neolatine''': &quot;Un nov prova reviventar latin, ma con quelc particularitás novi, de queles li max typic es li introduction del genitiv saxon ye 's.&quot;
**Un altri lingue nominat '''nov latin logui''' de Karl Pompiati, Vienna (1918). Response de Edgar de Wahl: &quot;In general un interessant e ingeniosi system, etsi fort arbitrari, ma mult coses bon remarcat e habilmen aplicat. Malgré to hodie apene usabil. Si aparit strax pos Volapük, vell haver successe.&quot;
**'''Nepo'''. Un explication in francés de un lingue con nómine Nepo, &quot;une variante d'Ésperanto&quot; developat in Russia.
*'''Nor Criticantes.''' In L'Esperanto nr. 5 Sr G. Meazzini critica li pronunciation de c in Occidental, questionante &quot;Qualmen on pronuncia li parol sic? esque sits?! segun li regules de Esp-o? o per qual maniere li ininstructet Esp-ist posse saver it, que ci on deve pronunciar sik?&quot; e altri coses, a queles Edgar de Wahl da un response.
*'''In afere propri.''' Edgar de Wahl scri: &quot;Con plesure mi posse constatar que li miscomprension relatent al &quot;XIV Kongress de Esperanto&quot; es annullat e mi joya incontrar li samideanos de Esperanto ye occasion de lor festa.&quot;
*'''Gazetes e Jurnales.''' Arguso Nr. 8, Bizantio, Marto-Aprilo 1922, Boletin Comercial Nr. 7 Chiapas-Mexico, con mention de Kosmoglott. Eugenia Nr. 16. Export Esperantist Nr. 5. La Intershangho Nr. 5. La moderna Edukisto Nr. 3. L'Edukero Nr. 5. Libero Accordo Nr. 299. L'Idisto Katolika Nr. 61-62, 63-64. Linguo Internaciona Nr. 5. Oriental Idisto Nr. 2. Sennacieca Revuo Nr. 9, con mention de Occidental, ma sin nómine de nor Jurnal. The British Esperantist Nr. 207. Wiener Blätter für die Freunde der Antike, Juni-Juli. English, May 1922. Esperantista Junularo Nr. 8. La Feuille, Juin 1922. La Nova Epoko, Junio 1922, Moskva. La Policisto Nr. 2. Svensk Polis-Tidning Nr. 13, 20, 23.
*Anuncie: &quot;Henk Bylsma, Ackerdijkstraat 116-a Rotterdam, Nederland, vole comprar libres, brochures, vocabulariums, revues, critics, e. c. pri omni lingue international, surtut pri li natural lingues international.&quot;

=== august - septembre ===

==== [https://web.archive.org/web/20210803100409/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1922&amp;page=41&amp;size=45 Kosmoglott Numeró 7-8] ====

Basic information:
*Adresse: Nikitinstrad 10, Reval, Estonia
*Abonnament annual: 4.00 Fr.

Contenete:

* Redaction. '''Li question del Lingue International avan li forum del Liga de Nationes.''' Quelc citationes: &quot;In ti ci dies va esser discusset in li session del L. de N. li question del introduction del Esperanto in li scoles de omni states [...] Li assertion del Esperantistes: &quot;Ante on deve introducter e accepter generalmen Esperanto, e poy on posse far li necessi reformes&quot; es un hypocritic fraude. It es li sam, quam si on promisse far li remontes del dom, quante it va esser plen inhabitat! Tande precis on ja ne posse far ni remontes ni reconstructiones. [...] It sembla do, que li max probabil decision del Liga vell esser: agnoscer li grand valores de Esperanto e Ido per pruvation del vivicapabilitá de un lingue artificial; agnoscer li scientific labores, fat del autores de altri systemes...e transmisser li question al judicament de un special competent commission scientific...&quot;
* G. Peano. '''Vocabulario et orthographia de interlingua.''' Un articul in Interlingua de Peano ex quel quelc citationes es: &quot;Kadem Volapüka, que habe origine in 1887, seque progressu, et in 1902, post multo labor, publica vocabulario internationale, et da regulas por orthographia, reproducto in Discussiones de Academia pro Interlingua, anno 1911, pag. 9. Resulta quod vocabulario internationale es quasi toto latino. [...] Omni scriptore in interlingua adopta vocabulario, grammatica, orthographia secundo suo gustu, et si lectores intellige illo, suo solutione es bono.&quot;
*nik yucmanof. '''gramatik psiko-ekonomik.''' Un articul scrit in li planlingue etem pri li evolution del grammatica in li lingues natural vers plu e plu sintetic formes.
*Edgar de Wahl. '''Logica in vive e lingue.''' Un response al idés de Louis Couturat de serchar plu e plu logic formas, diente que li lingues per se possede un plu rafinat logica.
*Lettre de dr. Semprini scrit in Neolatine. '''Congresse internationale pro interlingua.''' Quelc frases del lettre: &quot;Lingua ufficialia congressista's esse latine, interlingua, occidental, neo-latine et esperanto-Ido. Congresse proponer augere amore pro lingue latine que esse matre lingua's et litteratura's moderna's...&quot;
*'''Lingual questiones.''' 
**Un lettre scrit de Sr P. Ahlberg in Ido questiona Edgar de Wahl pri li &quot;enigmato Esperanto: La horlogho estas shtelita de la frato de la portisto. Ido solvis ol. Vua solvo di olca anke interesus me.&quot; De Wahl responde que Ido have di, de e da durant que &quot;omni roman lingues contenta se ye un sol preposition de. Mi pensa que tal equivoc casus quam in vor exdemple va esser extremmen rari e ordinarmen on ne deve desfacilar li parlada per tro special detal'es [...] Ma si li necessitá o li precisità postula it, mi posse dir: Li horloje es furtat che Peterson per li fratre de l portiero&quot;. Quancam ordinarmen on vell usar &quot;de&quot;.&quot;
**Ahlberg: &quot;Ples esas bona kom polita preliminaro di dezirexpreso, same kam nia voluntez; ma la kategorika imperativo bezonas expresoformo kurta, forte animanta.&quot; Response: &quot;In commandas on certmen posse usar li infinitiv, quam in mult lingues Europan. In parla on comprensibilmen posse usar li pur radic - presente...&quot;
*Diego Starrenberg. '''Gramatico di la Mundolingua:''' &quot;Un experiment adaptar li lingue hispan al scope de L.J. per esperantoid finales e simplificationes.&quot; Exemple del lingue: &quot;Si Usti tengari tiempo hoy, tengid el buenesso, acompanhar mi para la estaziona an este vespero.&quot;
*Sidni Bond. '''Textes comparativ: Esperanto e Optoez.''' Un exemplare de optoez, creat del sam autor.
*nik yucmanof. '''Poesi rus, tradukt in etem.''' Un exemplare de un poema in russ traductet in li planlingue etem.
*'''Gazetes recivet.''' Li gazetes recivet durante ti-ci periode es: A Comuna Nr. 89, Bolletin Comercial, Chiapas Mexico Nr. 8, Bulletin Français - Ido, 45-46, Corriere Balcanico Esperantista Nr. 6, 7, Esperantida Nr. 2-5, Esperantista Junularo Nr. 8, Eugenia Nr. 17-18, Export Esperantist Nr. 6, 7, Fraternidad Internacional, Madrid, Freedom Nr. 397, 398, Kombato Nr. 18, L'Amiko Idista Nr. 15, La Nova Epoko Nr. 1, La Policisto Nr. 3-4, Le Neo-Naturien Nr. 1-6, L'Esperanto Nr. 6, 7-8, Libera Accordo Nr. 57, 58, 59-60, L'Idisto Kotilka Nr. 65-67, Nia Standardo Nr. 1, Oriental Idisto Nr. 3, Paraviana Nr. 6, 7, Roia Nr. 5, Sennacieca Revuo Nr. 10, 1-12, Skandinava Esperantisto Nr. 7, The British Esperantist Nr. 208, 209, Vak, Serie XII, Verda Utopio, Majo, Junio, Vox Populorum Nr. 2 Giugno, Wiener Blätter für die Freunde der Antike Nr. 6.
*'''Brochures.''' Tri brochuras in Ido, russ e anglés durante ti-ci periode.

=== octobre ===

==== [https://web.archive.org/web/20210808074057/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1922&amp;page=49&amp;size=45 Kosmoglott Numeró 9] ====

Basic information:
*Adresse: Nikitinstrad 10, Reval, Estonia
*Abonnament annual: 4.00 Fr.

Contenete:

* 

[[Categorie:Jurnales in Occidental]]</text>
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    <title>Tauno Tattari</title>
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      <text bytes="4648" sha1="divj22xu4fo5af4f2yuw3bckk1oih3r" xml:space="preserve">{{Biografie
|nómine     = Tauno Tattari
|foto       = 
|land       = [[Finland]]
|nascentie  = 25 april 1907
|nas_loc    = Alatornio
|morte      = 20 april 1936
|mort_loc   = Helsinki
|ocupation  = Jurnaliste sportiv
|successes1 = 
|s1_quande  = 
|successes2 = 
|s2_quande  = 
}}
'''Tauno Tattari''' (25 april 1907 in Alatornio - 20 april 1936 in [[Helsinki]]) esset un occidentaliste finn, secretario redactor del [[Occidental-Kerho]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosmoglotta B 004&quot;&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132091290/Cosmoglotta%20B%20004%20%28oct-nov-dec%201935%29 Cosmoglotta B 004 (oct-nov-dec 1935)]&lt;/ref&gt; e membre del comité del ''Association proletari interlinguistic''&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosmoglotta B 004&quot;/&gt;.

Il laborat quam jurnaliste sportiv e ''film screenwriter''. Il morit pro pneumonie in 1936&lt;ref name=&quot;Cgl. 1945 p.120&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210916092502/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1945&amp;page=120&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1945 p.120]&lt;/ref&gt; benque in Cosmoglotta B 009 (feb 1937) [[Ric Berger]] scrit que it havet esset pro tuberculose&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132267162/Cosmoglotta%20B%20009%20%28feb%201937%29 Cosmoglotta B 009 (feb 1937)]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Biografie ==
=== Yunité ===
Tauno Tattari grew up in Kiviranta, Alatornio, at Junes Manor, his mother's birthplace. Already as a young boy, as a passionate sports fan, he was founding the local village sports club Kiviranta Rajua, which is a village-specific predecessor for today's local sports club Alatornio Pirko.
Sports supplier

After dropping out of school, Tauno Tattari became a sports journalist for Pohjolan Sanomat, the main newspaper in the region. At that time, he later introduced the nickname “Mailer”, which later became known nationally in sports.

He moved to Helsinki in the mid-1920s to work as a sports journalist in New Finland under the same nickname. He also wrote for Suomen Urheiluleht. In the summer of 1927, he became a permanent editor of Suomen Urheilulehti. Tattari worked as a sports journalist at the 1928 Amsterdam Summer Olympics, writing a section on cycling in the Olympic book edited by Martti Jukola. The family has a small anecdote from this period, according to which Tauno Tattari electrified his uncle Otto Juneks from Kiviranta, Alatornio, on his trip to Amsterdam: The sports reporter had apparently run out of money on the way.

In the autumn of 1929, Tattari was supporting Kiri magazine, which was founded as a competitor of Martti Jukola, which runs the Finnish Sports Magazine, and whose founders and editorial board included Lauri “Tahko” Pihkala and Sulo “Simeoni” Kolka. At that time, SVUL was moving towards special federations, when athletes formed their own federation, SUL. In this dispute, Tattari was supporting the development of a special alliance and came into conflict with Martti Jukola. In 1931, Tattari was founding the Association of Sports Journalists, originally known as a club.

=== Film screenwriter ===
In the last years of his life in the 1930s, Tattari became known as the screenwriter of Finnish films - the last of the films premiered after his death. As a screenwriter, he was in the following films: The Blue Shadow (premiere 1933), Helsinki's most famous businessman (1934), When the Father Wants ... (1935), VMV 6 (1936), The Wife (1936), The Bride of the Rafters (1937), And below was the Fiery Lake (1937).

=== Last resting place ===
At the blessing of Tauno Tattar in Helsinki in April 1936, his friend Yrjö Jylhä presented a memorial poem to him. Buckwheat was buried in the family grave of his mother's June family in front of Alatornio Church.

== Ovres ==
* ''Olympiakisat Amsterdamissa 1928'' (toim. Martti Jukola), Pyöräily-osa, sivut 479–489, WSOY, Porvoo.
* ''Granroth eli Junes-suku''. Helsinki 1932 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20071220171739/http://personal.inet.fi/koti/junes_suku/granroth_eli_junes_suku_by_TT.html Teos digitaalisessa muodossa Granroth-Junes-sukusivuilla])
* ''Näin käy Los Angelesissa : Vähän Suomen ja muidenkin mahdollisuuksista''. L. A. Salava, Helsinki 1932 ([http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fd2011-pp00002176 Teos digitaalisessa muodossa Doriassa])
* ''&quot;Occidental&quot; : kansainvälinen kieli : historiikki, kielioppi ja kaksoissanakirja suomeksi'' (&quot;Curs de Occidental in lingue finn&quot;); toim. Tauno Tattari. Occidental-kerho, Helsinki 1935''&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosmoglotta B 004&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/133112919/Cosmoglotta%20A%20102%20%28may-jun%201935%29 Cosmoglotta A 102 (may-jun 1935)]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Referenties ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tattari, Tauno}}
[[Categorie:Occidentalistes]]</text>
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    <title>Francis R. Pope</title>
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'''Francis R. Pope''' esset un ex esperantist&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131058978/Cosmoglotta%20A%20129%20%28mar%201946%29 Cosmoglotta A 129 (mar 1946)]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosmoglotta A 138&quot;&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131565816/Cosmoglotta%20A%20138%20%28jun%201948%29 Cosmoglotta A 138 (jun 1948)]&lt;/ref&gt; e occidentalist de Manchester. 

Il esset li duesim creator del grand dictionarium anglesi-Occidental. Comensante con li dictionarium scrit til li líttere P per [[Charles Kemp]], il perfinit it durant li duesim guerre mundal&lt;ref name=&quot;Cgl. 1945 p.120&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210916092502/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1945&amp;page=120&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1945 p.120]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Il esset membre de Britannic Occidental Association&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosmoglotta A 138&quot;/&gt;.

== Ovres ==
* ''Dictionarium English - Interlingue'', con [[Charles Kemp]].
* ''Lexico anglesi-Occidental'', con H. Littlewood&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131233116/Cosmoglotta%20B%20097%20%28may%201948%29 Cosmoglotta B 097 (may 1948)]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Referenties ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Ligament extern ==
* [https://ie-munde.hpage.com/get_file.php?id=23540536&amp;vnr=732662 Dictionarium English - Interlingue de Kemp e Pope]
[[Categorie:Occidentalistes]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pope, Francis R.}}</text>
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    <title>Britannic Occidental Association</title>
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'''Britannic Occidental Association'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/search?q=Britannic+Occidental+Association Britannic Occidental Association in Cosmoglotta]&lt;/ref&gt;, anc nominat '''Britannic Occidental Societé'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131193993/Cosmoglotta%20B%20096%20%28feb%201948%29 Cosmoglotta B 096 (feb 1948)]&lt;/ref&gt; (in anglesi ''British Occidental Society''&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosmoglotta A 056&quot;&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132616407/Cosmoglotta%20A%20056%20%28jan%201929%29 Cosmoglotta A 056 (jan 1929)]&lt;/ref&gt;) esset un association occidentalist in [[Anglia]] fundat in novembre 1928&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosmoglotta A 056&quot;/&gt;.

== Publicationes ==
* Li borchura ''The problem of an International Language and its solution in Occidental, the language of international words''&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosmoglotta A 056&quot;/&gt;.
* Li jurnal ''International Memorandum''.
* Li bulletin ''Inter nos''&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132794868/Cosmoglotta%20A%20069%20%28mar-apr%201930%29 Cosmoglotta A 069 (mar-apr 1930)]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Persones ==
* Secretario: [[Eric Biddle]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132804585/Cosmoglotta%20A%20070%20%28may-jun%201930%29 Cosmoglotta A 070 (may-jun 1930)]&lt;/ref&gt;
*N.H. Divall ex London (23 Womersley Road), anglesi Occidentalist e secretario del Britannic Occidental Association&lt;ref name=&quot;Cgl. 1946 p.6&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111416/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1946&amp;page=6&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1946 p.6]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* S. W. Beer Jr, secretario del Interlanguage Association of Great Britain&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/133003224/Cosmoglotta%20A%20085%20%28nov-dec%201932%29 Cosmoglotta A 085 (nov-dec 1932)]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sr. Raxworthy, president del Britannic Interlingue Association
* Sr. W.E. Reeve; secretario e cassero del Britannic Interlingue Association
* [[Eric Biddle]]

=== Altri ===
* [[Ilmari Federn]] - autor del Occidental-English Vocabulary (1937, 16 págines) e li Occidental-Dansk Ordbog (1937, 36 págines). Filio del austrian autor [[Karl Federn]] (1868 - 1943), Ilmari traductet pluri de su ovres in Occidental,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111542/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1943&amp;page=104&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1943 p.104]&lt;/ref&gt; includent Li pont&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/Kosmoglott-Cosmoglotta_1937_n113_mar-apr/page/n15 Cgl. 1937&lt;/ref&gt; e Li verd parapluvie&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/Kosmoglott-Cosmoglotta_1935_n103_jul-aug/page/n13&lt;/ref&gt;. Nominat li &quot;dextri manu de de Wahl&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111543/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1945&amp;size=45&amp;page=67 Cgl. 1945 p.67]: &quot;Tis queles conosse Sr. Federn personalmen e save quant grand esset su activitá e su influentie in nor movement (il esset in facte li dextri manu de nor mastro de Wahl) va associar se al joya del sviss ductores pri ti unesim signe de vive de nor car amico pos un tre long silentie.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;. Fat li final revision&lt;ref name=&quot;Cgl. 1945 p.120&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210916092502/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1945&amp;page=120&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1945 p.120]&lt;/ref&gt; del grand dictionarium anglesi-Occidental per sres. Pope e Kemp.
*[[Francis R. Pope]], Occidentalist de Manchester. Duesim creator del grand dictionarium anglesi-Occidental. Comensante con li dictionarium scrit til li líttere P per sr. Kemp, il perfinit it durant li duesim guerre mundal&lt;ref name=&quot;Cgl. 1945 p.120&quot;/&gt;.
* Gerald A. Moore (??? - †april 1935 in London)&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosmolotta A 104&quot;&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/133132086/Cosmoglotta%20A%20104%20%28sep-oct%201935%29 Cosmoglotta A 104 (sep-oct 1935)]&lt;/ref&gt;. Esset un director de bank quel subvetionat Cosmoglotta &quot;til li moment quande li abonnates esset sat numerosi por assecurar su regulari aparition&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosmolotta A 104&quot;/&gt;. Il publicat un articul pri interlinguistica in The Morning Post&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosmolotta A 104&quot;/&gt;.
* Leonard Beer, qui demissionat quam Occidental-informatoria e agentie de Cosmoglotta in 1939&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132748620/Cosmoglotta%20B%20024%20%28jun%201939%29 Cosmoglotta B 024 (jun 1939)]&lt;/ref&gt;. 
* William Henthorne esset un occidentalist qui laborat quam laborero de fabrica
* Sr. Dickinson, representante de [[APIS]] por Anglia.
* Dr. [[Charles Kemp]], unesim creator del grand dictionarium anglesi-Occidental.

== Referenties ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Categorie:Associationes por Occidental]]</text>
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    <title>Giuseppe Bevilacqua</title>
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'''Giuseppe Bevilacqua''' esset un doctor de biosofie e occidentaliste italian.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosmoglotta A 142&quot;&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131715534/Cosmoglotta%20A%20142%20%28dec%201948%29 Cosmoglotta A 142 (dec 1948)]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Il adheret in 1938 a [[Interlingue]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosmoglotta A 142&quot;/&gt; e esset membre del Academia del [[Occidental-Union]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131716830/Cosmoglotta%20A%20143%20%28jan%201949%29 Cosmoglotta A 143 (jan 1949)]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ovres ==
* ''Vocabularium Italian-Occidental''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111545/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&amp;datum=1943&amp;page=108&amp;size=45 Cgl. 1943 p. 108]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[Corso di Occidental per gli Italiani]]‎
* ''Li lettre de Deo'', in Cosmoglotta A 145 (apr 1949)&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131735634/Cosmoglotta%20A%20145%20%28apr%201949%29 Cosmoglotta A 145 (apr 1949)]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Semes de Sapientie'' in Cosmoglotta B 082 (jul 1946)&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130951971/Cosmoglotta%20B%20082%20%28jul%201946%29 Cosmoglotta B 082 (jul 1946)]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Cursu de Occidental por Corespondentie''&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131289660/Cosmoglotta%20B%20099%20%28nov%201948%29 Cosmoglotta B 099 (nov 1948)]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Referenties ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliografie ==
* &quot;Giuseppe Bevilacqua, la okcidentalisto&quot;. In: Literatura Foiro, annu 30, august 1999, nº 180
[[Categorie:Occidentalistes]]
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    <title>Catalonia in lucta</title>
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'''Catalonia in lucta''' esset un révue scrit in [[Interlingue]] e publicat in [[Hispania]]&lt;ref name= CIL&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200724123620/http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1938&amp;page=48&amp;size=45 Cosmoglotta A 121]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Li redactor esset [[Carles Varela Buch]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132537084/Cosmoglotta%20B%20017%20%28jun%201938%29 Cosmoglotta B 017 (jun 1938)]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Su redaction esset in Macià 5, Figueres. It havet 8 págines in formate 22x26 cm&lt;ref name= CIL&quot;/&gt;.

== Referenties ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Ligamentes extern ==
* [https://bibliotekoj.org/stratozam/index.php/Detail/objects/602 Catalonia in lucta Nº1]
* [https://github.com/Rampoina/occidental-lang.github.io/raw/catalonia-in-lucta/resources/Catalonia_In_Lucta.pdf Catalonia in lucta Nº4]

{{Interlingue}}

[[Categorie:Jurnales e revúes in Interlingue‎]]</text>
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    <title>Hans Homolka</title>
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      <text bytes="3826" sha1="qgso9fgnvf8lsxf9qcsxddwsb25jl5w" xml:space="preserve">{{Unesim}}
Li Dr. '''Hans A. Homolka''', esset un occidentalist austrian, presidente del [[Interlingue-Union|Occidental-Union]] in [[Austria]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230519055241/http://www.lonsea.de/pub/person/7511 lonsea.org]&lt;/ref&gt;.

In li Unesim Austrian Occidental-Conferentie, quel evenit li 9-14 april 1936 in li Hotel « zum Auge Gottes » in Wien&lt;ref name=&quot;B0004&quot;&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132091290/Cosmoglotta%20B%20004%20%28oct-nov-dec%201935%29 Cosmoglotta B 004 (oct-nov-dec 1935)]&lt;/ref&gt;, il parlat pri ''Pro quo Occidental? - Principal punctus del interlinguistic problema'' in li introduction al reuniones del 10 april (public propaganda-vésper)&lt;ref name=&quot;B0004&quot;/&gt;. Li referente exposit pro quo ni un mort lingue quam Latin, ni un vivent national lingue quam Anglés, ni un artificial lingue con desfigurat parol-images quam [[Esperanto]] posse servir quam standard-lingue in scientie e tecnica o quam auxiliari lingue in comercie e trafic.  

Il demonstrat per convictiv argumentes li ínsuficentie del aprioristic principies, queles misductet (precipue per li grotesc exageration de un purmen schematic « facilitá ») li anteyan « lingue-fabricantes » al construction de ínnatural e ínpopulari projectes. In sam témpor il pruvat que Occidental es nullmen un artificial idioma ma in contra un natural lingue regularisat, natural in su vocabularium de ínmutilat international paroles, e regularisat pro su modern analitic minimal-grammatica, quel es scientificmen íncontestabil e aprensibil in quasi un hor.  

Un textu in Occidental, presentat al interessat auditoria, trovat plen aprobation. On constatat unanimmen li ínmediat comprensibilitá de Occidental e nequi del audientes dubitat, que li referente havet rason con conclusion, que Occidental, comprensibil a 300 million civilisat homes sin anteriori studie, es pro su lingual e cultural qualitás predestinat devenir li standard-lingue del international scientie, tecnica e trafic. 

Il representat Occidental in li interlinguistic conferentie in [[Paris]], u il &quot;exposit li psichologic o normativ principies de Occidental&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132409926/Cosmoglotta%20B%20014%20%28dec%201937%29 Cosmoglotta B 014 (dec 1937)]&lt;/ref&gt;.

In li conferentie del Occidental—Club Progress de Wien, quel evenit in Café Meller, Kaiserstrasse 56, Wien VII, il presentat li 12 februar &quot;Latin - Anglés - Occidental&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;B0004&quot;/&gt;.

In 1938, il recivet li diploma de docente, acordat del Occidental-Academie&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/133295205/Cosmoglotta%20A%20122%20%28sep%201938%29 Cosmoglotta A 122 (sep 1938)]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Con li arrivation del [[Nationalsocialisme|nazisme]], il comensat esser vigilat del Gestapo&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131715534/Cosmoglotta%20A%20142%20%28dec%201948%29 Cosmoglotta A 142 (dec 1948)]&lt;/ref&gt;

Il devenit vice presidente del Occidental-Union in 1949&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131716830/Cosmoglotta%20A%20143%20%28jan%201949%29 Cosmoglotta A 143 (jan 1949)]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bibliografie ==
* ''Pro quo Occidental? - Principal punctus del interlinguistic problema''
* ''Li problema del planlingue quam tache normativ''. It es un resumé de un discurs fat por IALA.&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132421941/Cosmoglotta%20B%20015%20%28feb%201938%29 Cosmoglotta B 015 (feb 1938)]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Quo es ISA?''&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/133211082/Cosmoglotta%20A%20115%20%28jul%201937%29 Cosmoglotta A 115 (jul 1937)]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Referenties ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Ligamines extern ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230416161707/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1948&amp;size=45&amp;page=122 Information pri il in Cosmoglotta]
[[Categorie:Occidentalistes]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Homolka, Hans}}</text>
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    <title>Peter Schneider</title>
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      <text bytes="1327" sha1="gbr21t142uy9lmc8azz5r3x6wo1x46r" xml:space="preserve">{{Biografie
|nómine = Peter Schneider
|foto = 2026-05-02 Deutschland gegen Österreich (Eishockey-Länderspiel) by Sandro Halank–080.jpg
|land = {{AUT}}
|nascentie = 4-im de april 1991
|nas_loc = [[Klosterneuburg]]
|morte = 
|mort_loc = 
|ocupation = Sportiste (Hockey sur glacie)
}}

'''Peter Schneider''' es un professional lusor de [[hockey sur glacie]] de [[Austria]]. Il nascet li 4-im de april 1991 in [[Klosterneuburg]] ([[Austria]]) e lude desde li annu 2021 por li club [[EC Red Bull Salzburg]] in ([[Austria]]). Peter Schneider lude desde li annu 2018 por li [[National selection de Austria in li hockey sur glacie]].

Peter Schneider lude sur li position de atacca ye li dextri látere e il es 1,80 metre alt e have un pesa de 87 kilogrammes.

==Clubs==
* 2007–2009 [[HC České Budějovice]] ([[Tchekia]]) (yunesse)
* 2009–2010  [[Orli Znojmo]] ([[Tchekia]]) (yunesse) e [[HC Slovan Bratislava]] ([[Slovakia]]) (yunesse)
* 2010–2011 Indiana Ice ([[USA]])
* 2011–2015 University of Notre Dame ([[USA]])
* 2015–2016 Indy Fuel ([[USA]])
* 2016–2017 [[Kalamazoo Wings]] ([[USA]])
* 2017–2019 [[Vienna Capitals]] ([[Austria]])
* 2019–2020 [[EHC Biel]] ([[Svissia]])
* 2020–2021 [[HC Kometa Brno]]
* 2021-nu 	[[EC Red Bull Salzburg]]

{{DEFAULTSORT: Schneider, Peter}}
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    <title>Kolpachevo</title>
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      <text bytes="2466" sha1="fe87txysws9pwd4xz6ibdzd67riyj6u" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cité|name=Kolpachevo|land=[[Russia]]|fed_state=[[Oblast Tomsk]]|area=35|habitantes=20824|hab_datum=2021|densitá=	594,97|borgomastro=Alexei Chtchukin|districte=Districte Kolpachevo|website=https://kolpsite.ru/|bild=Kolpashevsky minibus.jpg}}
[[File:Coat of Arms of Kolpashevo (Tomsk oblast) (2006).png|thumb|Blason del citean municipie Kolpachevo]]
'''Kolpáchevo''' (russ ''Колпашево'', [[Lingue sud-selkup|sud-selk]]. ''Ӄалпа́т'') es li cité in [[Oblast Tomsk]], [[Russia]], situat al rive del fluvie [[Ob]]. It es li centre del [[Districte Kolpachevo|districte]] e citean municipie Kolpachevo.

Kolpachevo es li centre important del cultura moderne de [[sud-selkupes]].

== Historie ==
Kolpachevo quam un village russ existe desde tost XVII secul, it ha esset fondat de cosacs. Li tot range de resercheres ([[Kai Donner|K. Donner]], N.P. Maximova, et al.) fa atention a Kolpachevo quam a saldo u sud-selkups reside habitualmen, e dialecte [[chyochkupesi]] es extendet&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;''Сайнакова Н.В.''&amp;nbsp;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250215065013/http://ams.tsu.ru/TSU/QualificationDep/co-searchers.nsf/085B6FC6E0CCF1EE4725813E001E233D/%24file/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9D.%D0%92._%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F.pdf Обские шёшкупы: расселение, формирование и этническая культура в XIX-XX вв.]&amp;nbsp;— Томск, 2017.&amp;nbsp;— С.&amp;nbsp;7; 36.&amp;nbsp;— 270&amp;nbsp;с.&lt;/ref&gt;.

In li annu 1878 Kolpachevo devenit un ''seló'' (village grand con un eclesie), in 1938 it obtenet li rang del cité. In li annus 1932—1944 Kolpachevo eset li cité capital del [[Territoria Narym]].

In li annus 1940—1956 li institute del docentes existet in Kolpachevo. In 1941—1943 li institute pedagogic de Novosibirsk esset evacuat a Kolpachevo&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180923163317/https://www.nspu.ru/about/history.php История НГПИ].&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Attractiones ==

* Muséo del localitá
* Loc archeological de Sarovka
* Rive Kolpachevo
* Centre del artise folklore

== Transporte ==
Por li ligamente de transporte hay un via fro [[Tomsk]] a Kolpachevo de longore 316 km. Por traverser li fluvie Ob, li pram hay. Adplu un via altri a Tomsk existe quel es plu long e de mal qualitá ma it es disponibil durante li tot annu.

== Referenties ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Categorie:Geografie de Russia]]</text>
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    <title>Mala Tokmachka</title>
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      <text bytes="511" sha1="8w6rh2i06nx7wmu4iok880s2zhfa2fx" xml:space="preserve">'''Mala Tokmachka''' es un village in li [[Oblast Zaporizhzhia]] in [[Ucraina]]. It es controlat de Ucraina. Li village esset fundat in 1786 de persones qui translocat tibe ex li regiones de [[Chernihiv]], [[Poltava]] e [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. In li area prescande tre antiqui tumules (nominat kurghanes) ex li Era de Bronze e li témpores sarmatian.

Ancianmen de 2022, plu de 3 000 persones vivet in Mala Tokmachka. Li persones local laborat in agricultura, farmeríe e in un fabrica de briques.

[[Categorie:Ucraina]]</text>
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      <text bytes="513" sha1="qbr0to6khe4dymb55bpomzwejltea0h" xml:space="preserve">'''Mala Tokmachka''' es un village in li [[Oblast Zaporizhzhia]] in [[Ucraina]]. It es controlat de Ucraina. Li village esset fundat in 1786 de persones qui translocat tibe ex li regiones de [[Chernihiv]], [[Poltava]] e [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. In li area prescande tre antiqui tumules (nominat kurghanes) ex li Era de Bronze e li témpores sarmatian.

Ancianmen de 2022, plu de 3 000 persones habitat in Mala Tokmachka. Li persones local laborat in agricultura, farmeríe e in un fabrica de briques.

[[Categorie:Ucraina]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1054" sha1="k52pdvoqj41aiddhnvzux9v6g1yadg6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox subdivision in Russia
| name          = Oblast Nizhny Novgorod
| flagg         = Flag of Nizhny Novgorod Region.svg
| blason        = Coat of arms of Nizhny Novgorod Region.svg
| bild          = 
| districte     = 
| reg_economic  = 
| area          = 76 624
| habitantes    = 3 039 421
| hab_datum     = 2025
| densitá       = 39,67
| website       = https://nobl.ru/
| position      = Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Yaroslavl Oblast.svg
| pos_categorie = Russia
}}
Li '''Oblast Nizhny Novgorod''' es un region in [[Russia]].

Li oblast esset creat in li annu 1929. It es adjacent con li oblastes [[Oblast Vladimir|Vladimir]], [[Oblast Ivanovo|Ivanovo]], [[Oblast Kostroma|Kostroma]], [[Oblast Kirov|Kirov]], [[Oblast Ryazan|Ryazan]] e li republicas [[Mari El]], [[Chuvashia]] e [[Mordovia]].

Li oblast Nizhny Novgorod have un area de 36 177 km². Li population es 1 180 174 persones, e li densitá de population es 39,67 pers./km².

Li centre del region es li cité de [[Nizhny Novgorod]].

{{Subdivisiones de Russia}}

[[Categorie:Russia]]</text>
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      <comment>Creat págine contenente «[[File:Kölner Dom nachts 2013.jpg|280px|thumb|right|Li Catedrale de Kön]]  Li '''Catedrale de Köln''' ([[german]]: ''Kölner Dom'' es li catedrale eclesia in [[Köln]] ([[Germania]]). It es un eclesia del [[Eclesie catolic]]. Li Catedrale de Köln es li catedrale del archi-episcopatu Köln e li eclesia metropolitan del Pronvincia del Eclesie de Köln.   Li Catedrale de Köln have un altore de 157,22 metres e es li quaresim maxim alt eclesia del munde. Li ecle...»</comment>
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Li '''Catedrale de Köln''' ([[german]]: ''Kölner Dom'' es li catedrale eclesia in [[Köln]] ([[Germania]]). It es un eclesia del [[Eclesie catolic]]. Li Catedrale de Köln es li catedrale del archi-episcopatu Köln e li eclesia metropolitan del Pronvincia del Eclesie de Köln. 

Li Catedrale de Köln have un altore de 157,22 metres e es li quaresim maxim alt eclesia del munde. Li eclesia esset constructet inter  1248 e 1880. Li catedrale esset inaugurat ye li 18-im de octobre 1880. Li ecleesia es constructet in [[gotic stil]].

Li Catedrale de Köln es anc li simbol del cité [[Köln]]. Desde li annu 1996 es sur li [[Liste del Heritage Mundal del homanité]] del [[UNESCO]].

[[Categorie:Catedrales]]</text>
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Li '''Catedrale de Köln''' ([[german]]: ''Kölner Dom'' es li catedrale eclesia in [[Köln]] ([[Germania]]). It es un eclesia del [[Eclesie Catolic]]. Li Catedrale de Köln es li catedrale del archi-episcopatu Köln e li eclesia metropolitan del Pronvincia del Eclesie de Köln. 

Li Catedrale de Köln have un altore de 157,22 metres e es li quaresim maxim alt eclesia del munde. Li eclesia esset constructet inter  1248 e 1880. Li catedrale esset inaugurat ye li 18-im de octobre 1880. Li ecleesia es constructet in [[gotic stil]].

Li Catedrale de Köln es anc li simbol del cité [[Köln]]. Desde li annu 1996 es sur li [[Liste del Heritage Mundal del homanité]] del [[UNESCO]].

[[Categorie:Catedrales]]</text>
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Li '''Catedrale de Köln''' ([[german]]: ''Kölner Dom'' es li catedrale eclesia in [[Köln]] ([[Germania]]). It es un eclesia del [[Eclesie Catolic]]. Li Catedrale de Köln es li catedrale del archi-episcopatu Köln e li eclesia metropolitan del Pronvincia del Eclesie de Köln. 

Li Catedrale de Köln have un altore de 157,22 metres e es li quaresim maxim alt eclesia del munde. Li eclesia esset constructet inter 1248 e 1880. Inter li annus 1528 e 1823 li construction esset interruptet. Li catedrale esset inaugurat ye li 18-im de octobre 1880. Li ecleesia es constructet in [[gotic stil]].

Li Catedrale de Köln es anc li simbol del cité [[Köln]]. Desde li annu 1996 es sur li [[Liste del Heritage Mundal del homanité]] del [[UNESCO]].

[[Categorie:Catedrales]]</text>
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Li '''Catedrale de Köln''' ([[german]]: ''Kölner Dom'') es li catedrale eclesia in [[Köln]] ([[Germania]]). It es un eclesia del [[Eclesie Catolic]]. Li Catedrale de Köln es li catedrale del archi-episcopatu Köln e li eclesia metropolitan del Pronvincia del Eclesie de Köln. 

Li Catedrale de Köln have un altore de 157,22 metres e es li quaresim maxim alt eclesia del munde. Li eclesia esset constructet inter 1248 e 1880. Inter li annus 1528 e 1823 li construction esset interruptet. Li catedrale esset inaugurat ye li 18-im de octobre 1880. Li ecleesia es constructet in [[gotic stil]].

Li Catedrale de Köln es anc li simbol del cité [[Köln]]. Desde li annu 1996 es sur li [[Liste del Heritage Mundal del homanité]] del [[UNESCO]].

[[Categorie:Catedrales]]</text>
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Li '''Catedrale de Köln''' ([[german]]: ''Kölner Dom'') es li catedrale eclesia in [[Köln]] ([[Germania]]). It es un eclesia del [[Eclesie Catolic]]. Li Catedrale de Köln es li catedrale del archi-episcopatu Köln e li eclesia metropolitan del Pronvincia del Eclesie de Köln. 

Li Catedrale de Köln have un altore de 157,22 metres e es li quaresim maxim alt eclesia del munde. Li eclesia esset constructet inter 1248 e 1880. Inter li annus 1528 e 1823 li construction esset interruptet. Li catedrale esset inaugurat ye li 18-im de octobre 1880. Li ecleesia es constructet in [[gotic stil]].

Li Catedrale de Köln es anc li simbol del cité [[Köln]]. Desde li annu 1996 es sur li [[Liste del Heritage Mundal del homanité]] del [[UNESCO]].

[[Categorie:Catedrales]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oblast Chelyabinsk</title>
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      <comment>Creat págine contenente «{{Infobox subdivision in Russia | name          = Oblast Chelyabinsk | flagg         = Flag of Chelyabinsk Oblast.svg | blason        = Coat of arms of Chelyabinsk Oblast.svg | bild          =  | districte     =  | reg_economic  =  | area          = 144 902 | habitantes    = 3 385 124 | hab_datum     = 2025 | densitá       = 4,5 | website       =  | position      = Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Chelyabinsk Oblast.svg | pos_categorie = Russia }} Li '''Oblast Che...»</comment>
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      <text bytes="906" sha1="0wq3qvm5i3w4ieoj7ry0h6t8bhlzn7o" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox subdivision in Russia
| name          = Oblast Chelyabinsk
| flagg         = Flag of Chelyabinsk Oblast.svg
| blason        = Coat of arms of Chelyabinsk Oblast.svg
| bild          = 
| districte     = 
| reg_economic  = 
| area          = 144 902
| habitantes    = 3 385 124
| hab_datum     = 2025
| densitá       = 4,5
| website       = 
| position      = Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Chelyabinsk Oblast.svg
| pos_categorie = Russia
}}
Li '''Oblast Chelyabinsk''' es un region in [[Russia]].

Li oblast esset creat in li annu 1934. It es adjacent con li oblastes Sverdlovsk, Kurgan, Orenburg, li Republica Bashkortostan e con li país [[Kazakstan]].

Li oblast Chelyabinsk have un area de 88 529 km². Li population es 3 385 124 persones, e li densitá de population es 38,24 pers./km².

Li centre del region es li cité de [[Chelyabinsk]].

{{Subdivisiones de Russia}}

[[Categorie:Russia]]</text>
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