Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.22 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3215 628542 628527 2026-04-01T13:27:41Z Geraldine Kene 23189 Fixed reference error 628542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Faịlụ:Ogene_ndi_Igbo.jpg|thumb|Ogene ndi Igbo]] ''''''ogene'''''' bụ ụdị [[Egwú Igbo]] nke nwere, ma were aha ya site na, ngwá egwú ogene, nke bụ nnukwu mgbịrịgba ígwè. Ọ bụ [[Ndị Ìgbò|Ndị Igbo]] nke obodo [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] mere ngwá egwú Ogene n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ngwá egwú ndị kachasị mkpa nke ndị Igbo. == Ogene dị ka ngwá egwú == A na-ejikarị ụdị mgbịrịgba ogene eme ihe dị ka "ihe eji eme ihe" na ndị na-akụ egwú na [[Igboland|ala Igbo]]. Ọ bụ ngwá ọrụ nke klas idiophone a na-eti ihe ma jiri ígwè mee ya site n'aka ndị ọkachamara na-akpụ ihe. Mgba ahụ nwere ọdịdị dị larịị, nke nwere oghere n'ime. Ụda ahụ na-abịa site na ịma jijiji nkè ahụ ígwè mgbe a kụrụ ya, nke a na-eme ka oghere dị n'ime mgbịrịgba ahụ na-ada ụda. A na-ejikarị osisi dị nro kụọ ahụ ígwè. Akụkụ dị iche iche nke ogene, dị ka nnukwu mgbịrịgba abụọ na ara abụọ, na-emepụta oge egwu nke otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ na otu ụzọ n"ụzọ abụọ.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|author=Nzewi|first=O'dyke|date=2000|title=The Technology and Music of the Nigerian Igbo "Ogene Anuka" Bell Orchestra|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1513375|journal=Leonardo Music Journal|volume=10|pages=25–31|doi=10.1162/096112100570576|issn=0961-1215}}</ref> A na-ejikarị usoro a maara dị ka mgbochi eme ihe.<ref name=":02" /> Ogene Anuka dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụda na-abịa site na usoro oghere, na-emepụta usoro a na-ahụ dị ka C, E, F, A, F, G. Ihe odide ndị a na-emepụta ụda olu n'ihi akụkụ na-ekwekọghị.<ref name=":02" /> Ọ bụ ezie na ụda nke ndị ikwu na-anọgide na-akwụsi ike, enwere ike inwe obere ọdịiche dabere na onye na-ewu ma ọ bụ ónyé ọkpụkpọ.<ref name=":02" /> Ogene na-abịa n'ụdị na nha dị iche iche mànà n'ozuzu, e nwere ihe dị ka ụdị 6 ruo 7 dị iche iche nkè ngwá ọrụ Ogene, nkè gụnyere: '''Ogene''' (Metal gong) <ref name="Lo-Bamijoko 1987 19–41">{{Cite journal|author=Lo-Bamijoko|first=J. N.|date=1987|title=Classification of Igbo Musical Instruments, Nigeria|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30249789|journal=African Music|volume=6|issue=4|pages=19–41|doi=10.21504/amj.v6i4.1259|issn=0065-4019}}</ref> A na-eme ụdị ngwá egwú ogene a kà ọ bụrụ otu mgbịrịgba. Ha na-abịa n'ụdị na nha dị iche iche ma na-ahazi mgbe ụfọdụ n'ime mgbịrịgba yiri mgbịrịgba nkè a na-akpọ '''Ogene-phone'''.<ref name="Lo-Bamijoko 1987 19–41" /> '''Ogene N kpim bo''' (Double metal gong) <ref name="Lo-Bamijoko 1987 19–41" /> Ụdị ngwá egwú ogene a nwere ákàrà abụọ ma nwee íke ịbịa n'ụdị nà nha dị iche iche.<ref name="Lo-Bamijoko 1987 19–41" /> '''Ogene Nne Na Nwa''' (Mother and child ''gong'') <ref name="Lo-Bamijoko 1987 19–41" /> Mgbanwe nkè ngwá egwú ogene nwere mgbịrịgba abụọ na obere mgbịrịgba ndị ọzọ agbakwunyere na aka gbagọrọ agbagọ. <ref name=":02" />A na-akpọ usoro nke abụọ a ara (breast) ma ọ bụ nwa akwo n'azu, okwu nke ikpeazụ na-echetara onyinyo nke nne na-enye nwa ara.<ref name=":02" /> '''Ogene Nkpi-ito''' (Triple gong) <ref name="Lo-Bamijoko 1987 19–41" /> Ngwá egwu ogene a bụ nanị ogene nwere ọdịdị atọ. '''Ogene Nkpi-ino''' (Quadruple gong) <ref name="Lo-Bamijoko 1987 19–41" /> '''Alo'''<ref name="Lo-Bamijoko 1987 19–41" /> (nkè kachasị n'ime ogene ígwè) Alo bụ nkè kachasị n'etiti ogene. Ọdịdị alo dịgasị iche ma ọ nwere ike iru 6 ft.<ref name="Lo-Bamijoko 1987 19–41" /> Ngwá ọrụ Alo na-abụkarị otu, ọ bụ ezie nà n'ọnọdụ ndị a na-adịghị ahụkewe, enwere ike ịchọta alo abụọ.<ref name="Lo-Bamijoko 1987 19–41" />&nbsp; == Hụkwa == * Ikwokirikwo * [[Udu]] * Ikoro * [[Ọjà (ngwa egwu)|Ọ dịla]] == Edensibia ==   46ulp1knw5r31oozyb5br0pe6w44e8j 0 9505 628669 621493 2026-04-02T11:05:35Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Ngwàorü oméka | name = Speed Darlington |image = | birthdate = | birthplace = Arondizuogu, [[Ọ̀hà Ímò]], Naijiria | birthname = Darlington Okoye | occupation = Onye na agụ egwu }} '''Speed ​​Darlington''' {{Audio|Ig-Speed Darlington.ogg|Audio}} bụ onye na-agụ egwu, onye na-ede egwu, onye na-agụ rap na onye na-emepụta egwu si Naịjirịa. Ama ya ama maka ụdị egwú ya pụrụ iche na omume ya n'uwa soshal midia tinyere esemokwu ya na ndị ọzọ n'ewu ewu. Nwa nwoke Chief Pericoma, a mụrụ ya na Arondizuogu, Ideato North, [[Ọ̀hà Ímò|Imo State]] mana o toro na obodo [[Nú Yọk]]. Darlington dọtara uche ndị mmadụ mgbe onye otiegwu Amerika P. Diddy kesara vidiyo nke Speed ​​Darlington na Instagram ya.<ref>{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Diddy Endorses Nigerian Rapper, Speed Darlington- Someone Will Be Jealous |url=https://www.nigeriafilms.com/music-news/78-musical-news/46389-diddy-endorses-nigerian-rapper-speed-darlington-someone-will-be-jealous |publisher=Nigeriafilms.com |accessdate=Jenụwarị 28, 2020 |date=May 3, 2017}}</ref> Ofọdụ egwú ya ama ama bụ "BangDadaDang!", "Poppin Heavy", "Cash & Carry", "In Love With My Hand" na "Akamu". Na Ọktọba 22, 2018, Darlington kwuwapụtara na ọ na-apụta maka izọ oché onyeisiala Naịjirịa na ntuliaka ọchịchị obodo Naijiria 2023 dịka onye na-azọ ọchịchị n'okpuru People's Action Party (PAP).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Adeiye |first1=Tomilayo |title=Speed Darlington Back On Instagram After 24Hour Suspension |url=http://thenet.ng/speed-darlington-back-instagram-24hour-suspension |publisher=Nigeria Entertainment Today |accessdate=Jenụwarị 28, 2020 |date=Ọktọba 22, 2018}}</ref> Ọ guola egwu na mmemme egwu di iche iche ya na ndi otiegwu afrobeats ama ama dika Zlantan, Naira Marley na Qdot.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Okoroafor |first1=Chinyere |title=Speed Darlington returns to Nigeria after 18 years |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/speed-darlington-returns-to-nigeria-after-18-years |publisher=The Nation |accessdate=Jenụwarị 28, 2020 |date=Disemba 18, 2019}}</ref> ==Okwu iwu== Na Jenụwarị 14, 2020, e jidere Speed ​​Darlington maka marijuana, mgbe ndị uwe ojii kwụsịrị ya n'akụkụ Computer Village na Ikeja, Lagos. E nyere ya iwu ka ọ kwụọ ₦200,000.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Violet |title=Speed Darlington Narrates How He Paid “200,000naira Bribe” To Nigerian Police Officers|url=https://www.guardian.ng/life/speed-darlington-narrates-his-ordeal-with-nigerian-police-officers/ |publisher=Guardian Life|accessdate=Jenụwarị 28, 2020 |date=Jenụwarị 15, 2020}}</ref> ==Isi mmalite akụkọ== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Darlington, Speed}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndi égwú nke Naigeria]] q18rkva6gnjr9fh02ijemqr57c46qds 0 9948 628539 452341 2026-04-01T12:25:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rita Akarekor''' (amụrụ na 13 Febuwarị 2001)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/10theditionwomensafcon-cameroon2016/TeamDetails/playerdetails?CompetitionPlayerId=mKZF7xpDbS3Ruw8BZUWgTI8KnY7RCSqnBVLwhcfH16pvxrk2rID7E2t0nJeM9n2G|title=Rita Akarekor|website=Caf Online|access-date=2017-08-09}}</ref> bụ onye ọgba bọọlụ na-agbaara ndi [[:en:Delta_Queens|Delta Queens]] na asompi bọọlụ nke ụmụ nwaanyi di na [[:en:Nigeria_Women_Premier_League|Naijiria]]. Ọ na-agba dika onye na-eche nche bọl. N'afo [[:en:2016_Nigeria_Women_Premier_League|2016]], ha kwuru na Rita bụ ọgba bọl kachasi mma na asompi bọọlụ ụmụ nwaanyị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ladiesmarch.com/2017/06/ladies-in-sport-conference-a-rousing-success/|title=Ladies In Sports Conference A Rousing Success|date=2017|website=Ladies March|access-date=2017-08-09|accessdate=2020-11-11|archivedate=2018-06-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605081829/http://ladiesmarch.com/2017/06/ladies-in-sport-conference-a-rousing-success/}}</ref> == Ọrụ bọọlu == === Klọb === N'oge [[:en:2017_Nigeria_Women_Premier_League|2017 asompi ụmụnwaayị]], Akarekor nyere goolu abụọ nke meriri [[Adamawa Queens]]. Ọ kọwara na ọ teela ọchọrọ inye goolu na udịrị asọmpi ahụ<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporterssport.com/akarekor-happy-to-score-dream-goal-for-delta-queens/|title=NWPL: Akarekor Happy To Score Dream Goal For Delta Queens|date=2017|website=Sahara Reporters Sports|access-date=2017-08-09|accessdate=2020-11-11|archivedate=2024-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007092059/http://saharareporterssport.com/akarekor-happy-to-score-dream-goal-for-delta-queens/}}</ref>. N’ọnwa Eprel 2017, Akarekor sonyeere ndị meriri Saadatu Amazons, 2-1. Otu goolu ndi Amazons nyere na asompi ahu mebiri ndeko ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brila.net/delta-queens-leave-it-late-against-saadatu-amazon/|title=Delta Queens Leave It Late Against Saadatu Amazon|date=April 2017|website=Brila FM|access-date=2017-08-09}}</ref> N'onwa Julaị 2017, na-egwuregwu tupu nke ikpeazu, Akarekor mere ndekọ bọọlụ ọhụrụ n'aka ndi Adamawa Queens. O nweghi goolu obula banyere na nke ya<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soccerblitz.net/2017/07/27/nwfl-wrap-bayelsa-queens-delta-queens-go-top/|title=NWFL WRAP: Bayelsa Queens, Delta Queens Go Top|date=July 2017|website=Soccer Blitz|access-date=2017-08-09|accessdate=2020-11-11|archivedate=2017-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820113921/http://soccerblitz.net/2017/07/27/nwfl-wrap-bayelsa-queens-delta-queens-go-top/}}</ref>. === Mba === Akarekor gbaara na egwuregwu bọl mba Afrịka nke ụmụnwaanyị n'afo [[:en:2016_Africa_Women_Cup_of_Nations|2016]]<nowiki/>nke ha meriri<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/217003-awcon-2016-final-nigeria-vs-cameroon-live-updates.html|title=AWCON 2016 Final: Nigeria Vs Cameroon — LIVE UPDATES|date=2016|website=Premium Times|access-date=2017-08-09}}</ref>. == Ebe m si dee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Category:Onye Egwuregwu Nigeria]] [[Òtù:Category:Onye n'agba bọọlụ]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 2001]] fzwapuvb90xjadze7fhkzmyfhw6pl7m 0 10665 628614 93443 2026-04-01T22:18:06Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Pure Ada Uchechukwu''' (a muru n’afọ 1971) bu onye Naijịria ọkachamara n'asụsụ Spanish, onye oka mmuta na onye nkuzi okenye nke asụsụ spanish na Ngalaba Asusu Yụrop agba ọhụrụ,na Mahadum Nnamdi Azikiwe , dị n'Awka . Nnyocha ya n'asụsụ gbadoro anya na ndị Afro-Hispanic, Spanish dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ na ọrụ ya na [[Eluàlà|Afrịka]] na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|Mba Amerịka]] . Uchechukwu bụ otu n'ime ihe na-akpali akpali n'azụ agụmakwụkwọ asụsụ spanish na mpahara Afrịka nọdebere ọzara sahara ebe a na-asụ bekee. <ref name=":3">{{Cite book|author=Emenanjọ|first=E. Nọlue|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/952248187|title=A Grammar of Contemporary Igbo : Constituents, Features and Processes.|date=2015|publisher=M and J Grand Orbit Communications|isbn=978-978-54215-2-1|oclc=952248187}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Purity Uchechukwu profile|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Purity-Uchechukwu|accessdate=7 April 2021|work=Researchgate}}</ref> == Mmalite ndu na mmuta == A mụrụ Purity Ada Uchechukwu na [[Lagos|Legọs]], [[Naijiria|Naijiịa]], n'afọ 1971. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Estudios Destacados del Hispanismo|url=https://ophispanismo.com/mapa-interactivo/c/143/|accessdate=2021-03-01|work=Observatorio Permanente del Hispanismo|language=es}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ nzere masta na Spanish na Mahadum Bamberg, o nwetara dọktọret na mahadum ahụ n'afọ 2010, na-elekwasị anya na fịlọlọji nke asụsụ Romans ma na-ede edemede ya na "A Corpus-Based Analysis of Igbo and Spanish Copula Verbs." <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Purity Ada Uchechukwu|url=https://www.uni-bamberg.de/romling/doktoranden/ehemalige/dr-purity-ada-uchechukwu/|accessdate=2021-03-01|work=Universität Bamberg|language=de}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Uchechukwu laghachitere Naịjirịa ị rụ ọrụ dịka onye ọkammụta Spanish onye na Mahadum Nnamdị Azikiwe, na Ngalaba Asusu Yụrop agba ọhụrụ ya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=April 2014|title=Congreso de Hispanistas Africanas|url=http://www.mujeresporafrica.es/hispanistas2014/folleto-hispanistas-completo.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020054811/http://www.mujeresporafrica.es/hispanistas2014/folleto-hispanistas-completo.pdf|archivedate=2016-10-20|work=Fundación Mujeres por África|language=es}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.mujeresporafrica.es/hispanistas2014/folleto-hispanistas-completo.pdf "Congreso de Hispanistas Africanas"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Fundación Mujeres por África'' (in Spanish). April 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161020054811/http://www.mujeresporafrica.es/hispanistas2014/folleto-hispanistas-completo.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-10-20.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Purity Ada Uchechukwu|url=https://www.catarata.org/autor/purity-ada-uchechukwu/|accessdate=2021-03-01|work=Los Libros de la Catarata|language=es}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.catarata.org/autor/purity-ada-uchechukwu/ "Purity Ada Uchechukwu"]. ''Los Libros de la Catarata'' (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-01</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Purity Uchechukwu {{!}} Portal del Hispanismo|url=https://hispanismo.cervantes.es/hispanistas/264815/uchechukwu-purity|accessdate=2021-03-01|work=Instituto Cervantes|language=es}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye editọ nke ''Journal of Modern European Language and Literatures,'' akwụkwọ agụmagụ a na-enyocha n'ibe n'ibe nke mahadum ahụ . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Editorial Team|url=https://journals.unizik.edu.ng/index.php/jmel/about/editorialTeam|accessdate=2021-03-02|work=Journal of Modern European Languages And Literatures}}</ref> Nnyocha ya lekwasịrị anya n'ịkụzi asụsụ Spanish dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ nakwa Spanish na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|Mba Amerịka]] . N'afọ 2014, o nyere aka na akwukwo Instituto Cervantes ''La enseñanza del español en África Subsahariana'' ("The Teaching of Spanish in Sub-Saharan Africa"), na-ede banyere onodu asusu Spanish na Naijirịa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Purity Ada Uchechukwu|url=https://www.catarata.org/autor/purity-ada-uchechukwu/|accessdate=2021-03-01|work=Los Libros de la Catarata|language=es}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.catarata.org/autor/purity-ada-uchechukwu/ "Purity Ada Uchechukwu"]. ''Los Libros de la Catarata'' (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-01</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu ndị American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese ma na-eje ozi na bọọdụ nke Open Journals Naijirịa. <ref name=":2" /> <ref>{{Cite web|title=OJN Editorial Board Members - Group1|url=https://www.openjournalsnigeria.org.ng/journals/index.php/index/ojn_board_1|accessdate=2021-03-01|work=Open Journals Nigeria}}</ref> Ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-eme nchọpụta n'asụsụ Spanish na mpahara Afrịka nọdebere ọzara sahara ebe a na-asụ bekee kwụsara ya iche, ka ọ na-enyocha na akwụkwọ afọ 2017 ya "Spanish in Sub-Saharan Africa: Whither Nigeria?" <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-06|title=Wikipedia quiere reducir la "infrarrepresentación" de mujeres en el portal web con eventos de edición sobre sus logros|url=https://www.lne.es/sociedad/2018/03/06/wikipedia-quiere-reducir-infrarrepresentacion-mujeres-19088609.html|accessdate=2021-03-02|work=La Nueva España|language=es}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ Chinedu Uchechukwu, bụ prọfesọ ibe ya na Mahadum Nnamdị Azikiwe. <ref name=":3" /> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-30|title=La USAL diseñará el grado en filología hispánica de la universidad de Nnamdi Azikiwe (Nigeria)|url=https://www.europapress.es/castilla-y-leon/noticia-usal-disenara-grado-filologia-hispanica-universidad-nnamdi-azikiwe-nigeria-20170630142912.html|accessdate=2021-03-01|work=Europa Press}}</ref> == Ọrụ ahọpụtara == * "A Corpus-Based Analysis of Igbo and Spanish Copula Verbs," doctoral thesis, 2010 * "Spanish in the United States as an Example of the Interaction between Language, Politics and Ethnicity," ''UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities'', 2011 * "The Transitivity of Psych Verbs in Spanish and Igbo" in ''The Transitivity Problem of the Igbo Verb'', 2012 * "La situación del español en Nigeria" in ''La enseñanza del español en África Subsahariana'', 2014 * "The Prototypical Igbo Copula Verb," ''Igbo Language Studies Series'', 2015 * "Afro-Hispanics and Self-Identity: The Gods to the Rescue?," ''Ogirisi: A New Journal of African Studies'', 2016 * "Spanish in Sub-Saharan Africa: Whither Nigeria?," ''UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities'', 2017 * "A Proposal for Afro-Hispanic Peoples and Culture as General Studies Course in African Universities," ''Humanities'', 2019 * "Is Spanish as a Heritage Language in the US Endangered?," ''International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies'', 2019 == Ebemsidee == <references /> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mlxbyuxmtlb6bofwev5r92sl7zh5by5 0 10867 628540 166635 2026-04-01T12:34:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Rizi Timane.jpg|thumb|Rizi Timane]] Rizi Xavier Timane bụ nwoke transgender si Naịjirịa na -arụ ọrụ dịka ụkọchukwu, onye egwu, onye edemede, onye na -emepụta ihe, onye na -ahụ maka mmụọ, na onye mmeri transgender. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ihenacho|first=Chinma|date=2017-04-11|title=Meet Nigerian-born transgender Dr. Rizi Xavier Timane who is married to a woman (photos)|url=https://www.legit.ng/1098878-meet-Nigerian-born-transgender-dr-rizi-xavier-timane-married-a-woman.html|accessdate=2021-09-07|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|archivedate=2021-09-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907075421/https://www.legit.ng/1098878-meet-nigerian-born-transgender-dr-rizi-xavier-timane-married-a-woman.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rizi Timane: Movies, TV, and Bio|url=https://www.amazon.com/prime-video/actor/Rizi-Timane/nm4548077/|accessdate=2021-09-07|work=www.amazon.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-05|title=Meet Four Known Nigerian Transgenders (PHOTOS)|url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/2018/11/05/meet-four-known-nigerian-transgenders-photos/|accessdate=2021-09-07|work=Within Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Timane n'obodo Lagos nke Naịjirịa. Mgbe ọ pụtara dị ka nwa nwoke trans mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ, e mere ka ọ pụọ n'ọrịa na ọgwụgwọ mmezi ndị ọzọ sitere n'aka ezinụlọ ya na ụlọ ụka iji nwaa ịgbanwe ya. Ka oge na -aga, ọ wara usoro ịwa ahụ 20 na ọgwụgwọ homonụ na mba ọzọ ka ọ gbanwee site na nwanyị gaa na nwoke. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-13|title=Nigerian-Born Transgender Who Is Married To A Woman Had 20 Surgical Procedure To Transition From Female To Male|url=https://www.ghgossip.com/nigerian-born-transgender-who-is-married-to-a-woman-had-20-surgical-procedure-to-transition-from-female-to-male/|accessdate=2021-09-07|work=GhGossip|language=en-AU|archivedate=2021-09-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907084748/https://www.ghgossip.com/nigerian-born-transgender-who-is-married-to-a-woman-had-20-surgical-procedure-to-transition-from-female-to-male/}}</ref> == Mmụta na ọrụ == Na London na Los Angeles, ọ gụrụ maka njikwa azụmaahịa <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-12|title=Photos: Nigerian-born transgender who is married to a woman had 20 surgical procedure to transition from female to male|url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2017/04/photos-nigerian-born-transgender-who-is.html|accessdate=2021-09-07|work=Linda Ikeji's Blog|language=en}}</ref> O nwetara nzere Master of Social Work site na Mahadum Southern California wee mụọ gbasara okpukperechi, ikpe ziri ezi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Claremont School of Theology. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ oge niile dị ka onye njikwa nke Mmemme Ahụike Transgender na St. John's Well Child na Family Center na Los Angeles. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Fitzpatrick|first=Kyle|date=2018-06-26|title=Rizi Timane Is Helping the Transgender Community, 1 Surgery at a Time|url=https://www.popsugar.com/node/44899153|accessdate=2021-09-07|work=POPSUGAR News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mmezu ya == Na 2013, o dere "Nkwekọrịta A Na -ekwughị," ihe ncheta nke ghọrọ ihe ncheta #1 nke Amazon na ụdị ndị nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị na nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-07-29|title=Rizi Timane: My Journey as a Transgender Nigerian|url=https://nostringsng.com/journey-transgender-rizi-timane/|accessdate=2021-09-07|work=NoStringsNG – Voice of LGBTQ+ Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2025-11-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251113053900/https://nostringsng.com/journey-transgender-rizi-timane/}}</ref> Na 2014, o wepụtara album "Love is Stronger", yana Trans Surgery Gender Grant iji nyere ndị mmadụ transgender ise aka na ọgwụgwọ mgbanwe okike ha. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian singer helps others with transgender surgery fund|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/outfront-nigerian-singer-helps-others-transgender-surgery-fund-n754846|accessdate=2021-09-07|work=NBC News|language=en}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ onye nlereanya Christina Ros. Ha mere emume ncheta agbamakwụkwọ nke ise na afọ iri ọnụ na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-11|title=Photos Of Nigerian Transgender Man Dr. Rizi Xavier Timane & Wife|url=https://www.gistmania.com/talk/topic,329216.0.html|accessdate=2021-09-07|work=Gistmania|language=en}}</ref> == Ntụaka ==   [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi égwú nke Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Transgender na ụmụ nwoke transsexual]] 9a5kzjj5lbyzvj8714ms7875pjehc2d 0 12315 628550 246779 2026-04-01T14:12:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Biography with signature]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Rosa Louise McCauley Parks''' (February 4, 1913&nbsp;- Ọktoba 24, 2005) bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị America na ngagharị ikike obodo kacha mara amara maka ọrụ dị mkpa ya na boycott bọs Montgomery . Ndị otu United States Congress kwanyere ya ugwu dị ka "Nwanyị mbụ nke ikike obodo" na "Nne nke nnwere onwe". Na Disemba 1, 1955, na Montgomery, Alabama, Parks jụrụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala James F. Blake ka ọ pụọ n'ahịrị oche anọ na ngalaba " acha agba " maka onye njem na-acha ọcha, ozugbo mpaghara "ọcha" jupụtara. . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/rosa-parks|title=An Act of Courage, The Arrest Records of Rosa Parks|date=15 August 2015|accessdate=1 December 2020|work=National Archives}}</ref> Parks abụghị onye mbụ guzogidere nkewa ụgbọ ala, mana National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) kwenyere na ọ bụ onye kachasị mma maka ịhụ site na ịma aka ụlọ ikpe mgbe ejidere ya maka nnupụisi obodo na imebi iwu nke Alabama, na o nyere aka kpalie ndị isi ojii ịhapụ ụgbọ ala Montgomery ihe karịrị otu afọ. Okwu a gbadara n'ụlọ ikpe steeti, mana ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala Montgomery gọọmentị etiti ''Browder v.'' ''Gayle'' rụpụtara mkpebi na Nọvemba 1956 na nkewa ụgbọ ala ezighi ezi n'okpuru Usoro Nchekwa nhata nke ndezigharị 14 na iwu US. <ref name="Branch">{{Cite web|title=Parting the Waters: America in the King Years|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=1988|first=Taylor|author=Branch|url=http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/branch4.htm|accessdate=February 5, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523192706/http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/branch4.htm|archivedate=May 23, 2013}}</ref> Omume mmegide nke Parks na boycott ụgbọ ala Montgomery ghọrọ akara dị mkpa nke mmegharị ahụ. Ọ ghọrọ akara ngosi mba ụwa nke iguzogide ikewa agbụrụ, wee hazie ma soro ndị ndu obodo rụkọọ ọrụ, gụnyere Edgar Nixon na [[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr.]] N'oge ahụ, a na-arụrụ Parks ọrụ dị ka onye na-akwa akwa na ụlọ ahịa ngalaba mpaghara wee bụrụ odeakwụkwọ Montgomery. isi nke NAACP. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Highlander Folk n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ebe [[Tennessee]] maka ndị na-akwado ọzụzụ maka ikike ndị ọrụ na nha anya agbụrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na a kwanyere ya ùgwù nke ukwuu n'afọ ndị sochirinụ, ọ tara ahụhụ n'ihi omume ya; a chụrụ ya n'ọrụ, ma nata egwu ọnwụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Commentary: Rosa Parks' Role In The Civil Rights Movement|date=June 13, 1999|work=Weekend Edition Sunday|publisher=NPR|id={{ProQuest|190159646}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css" /></ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya ka boycott ahụ gasịrị, ọ kwagara [[Detroit]], ebe ọ chọtara ọrụ yiri nkenke obere oge. Site na 1965 ruo 1988, ọ jere ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ na onye na-anabata John Conyers, onye nnọchiteanya US nke Africa-American. Ọ nọkwa na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmegharị Black Power na nkwado nke ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na US. Mgbe ezumike nká gasịrị, Parks dere akụkọ ndụ ya wee nọgide na-ekwusi ike na e nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ a ga-arụ na mgba maka ikpe ziri ezi. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/12/01/how-history-got-the-rosa-parks-story-wrong/|title=How History Got Rosa Parks Wrong|authorlink=Jeanne Theoharis|author=Theoharis|first=Jeanne|date=December 1, 2015|work=The Washington Post}}</ref> Ogige ntụrụndụ nwetara nkwado mba, gụnyere NAACP's 1979 Spingarn Medal, Onye Nrite Onye isi ala nke nnwere onwe, ihe nrite ọla edo nke Congressional, na ihe oyiyi posthumous na United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall . Mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2005, ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ ịgha ụgha na nsọpụrụ na Capitol Rotunda . [[California]] na [[Mizurị|Missouri]] na-echeta ụbọchị Rosa Parks na ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya, Febụwarị 4, ebe [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]], [[Oregon]], na [[Texas]] na-echeta ncheta ụbọchị ejidere ya, Disemba 1. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=September 1, 2021|title=HB 3481, 87th Regular Session|url=https://lrl.texas.gov/legis/billSearch/BillDetails.cfm?legSession=87-0&billTypeDetail=HB&billnumberdetail=3481|accessdate=November 30, 2021|work=Legislative Reference Library of Texas|publisher=Legislative Reference Library of Texas}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Rosa Parks Rosa Louise McCauley na Tuskegee, Alabama, na February 4, 1913, nye Leona (née Edwards), onye nkuzi, na James McCauley, onye ọkwá nkà . Na mgbakwunye na agbụrụ ndị Africa, otu n'ime nna nna Parks bụ Scots-Irish na otu n'ime nne ochie ya bụ akụkụ- nwa amaala America ohu. <ref name="Remembering Rosa Parks on Her 100th Birthday">{{Cite web|author=Gilmore|first=Kim|title=Remembering Rosa Parks on Her 100th Birthday|url=https://www.biography.com/news/remembering-rosa-parks-on-her-100th-birthday-21114273|work=Biography.com|publisher=A&E Television Networks|accessdate=December 11, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rosa Parks|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/brinkley-parks.html|accessdate=2022-02-23|work=archive.nytimes.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|first=Douglas|author=Brinkley|work=Rosa Parks|title=Chapter 1 (excerpt): 'Up From Pine Level'|publisher=Lipper/Viking; excerpt published in The New York Times|url=https://archive.org/details/rosaparks00brin|accessdate=July 1, 2008}}</ref> <ref name="Webb">{{Cite news|author=Webb|first=James|date=October 3, 2004|title=Why You Need to Know the Scots-Irish|work=[[Parade (magazine)|Parade]]|url=http://www.parade.com/articles/editions/2004/edition_10-03-2004/featured_0|accessdate=September 2, 2006}}</ref> Ọ dị obere mgbe ọ bụ nwata ma nwee ahụ ike na-arịa ọrịa tonsillitis na-adịghị ala ala . Mgbe nne na nna ya kewara, ya na nne ya kwagara Pine Level, dị nnọọ na mpụga isi obodo steeti Montgomery . Ya na nne na nna nne ya, nne ya na nwanne ya nwoke Sylvester tolitere n'ugbo. Ha nile bụ ndị otu Ụka Episcopal Methodist nke Africa (AME), otu ọgbakọ ojii nwere onwe ya nke narị afọ nke ndị ojii nweere onwe ha hiwere na Philadelphia, [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]], na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na itoolu. McCauley gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ime obodo <ref name="NYT2">{{Cite news|title=Rosa Parks, 92, Founding Symbol of Civil Rights Movement, Dies|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/25/us/25parks.html?pagewanted=2|date=October 25, 2005|author=Shipp|first=E. R.|authorlink=E. R. Shipp|accessdate=January 1, 2010|page=2}}</ref> ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu. Tupu mgbe ahụ, nne ya kụziiri ya "ezigbo ihe gbasara ịkwa akwa". Ọ malitere ịkpụ akwa mkpuchi site n'ihe dị ka afọ isii, ka nne ya na nne nne ya na-eme akwa mkpuchi, ọ na-ejikọta akpa akwa mbụ ya n'onwe ya ihe dị ka afọ iri, bụ nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe, n'ihi na ịkwa akwa bụ ihe omume ezinụlọ na-eme mgbe ọ na-enweghị. ọrụ ubi ma ọ bụ ọrụ a ga-arụ. Ọ mụtara ịkwa akwa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ site na afọ iri na otu; ọ dụchara nke ya "uwe mbụ [ọ] nwere ike iyi". <ref name="Quilts">{{Cite book|editor=MacDowell|chapter=An Interview with Rosa Parks, The Quilter|author=Barney|first=Deborah Smith|title=African American Quiltmaking in Michigan|date=1997|publisher=Michigan State University Press|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/African_American_Quiltmaking_in_Michigan/R63YAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0|oclc=36900789|location=East Lansing, MI|isbn=0870134108|pages=x, 133–138|accessdate=October 12, 2020}}</ref> Dịka nwa akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ mmepụta ihe maka ụmụ agbọghọ dị na Montgomery, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ aka. Parks gara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nyocha nke Alabama State Teachers College for Negroes hibere maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị, mana ọ kwụsịrị iji lekọta nne nne ya na mgbe e mesịrị nne ya, mgbe ha dara ọrịa. <ref name="shraff">{{Cite book|title=Rosa Parks: Tired of Giving In|publisher=Enslow|author=Shraff|first=Anne|year=2005|pages=23–27|isbn=978-0-7660-2463-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J37vgZvCI78C&pg=PA23}}</ref> N'ihe dị ka narị afọ nke 20, mba ndị bụbu Confederate nakweere iwu ọhụrụ na iwu nhoputa ndi ochichi nke na-anapụ ndị ntuli aka ojii n'ụzọ dị irè na, na Alabama, ọtụtụ ndị ọcha na-atụ vootu dara ogbenye. N'okpuru iwu Jim Crow na-acha ọcha, gafere mgbe ndị Democrats nwetaghachiri ikike nke ndị omebe iwu ndịda, a na-amanye nkewa agbụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze na ụlọ ahịa ndị na-ere ahịa na South, gụnyere njem njem ọha. Ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala na ụgbọ oloko manyere iwu oche nwere ngalaba dị iche iche maka ndị ojii na ndị ọcha. Ụgbọ njem ụgbọ ala ụlọ akwụkwọ anaghị adị n'ụdị ọ bụla maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ojii nọ na ndịda, a na-enwetakwa ego agụmakwụkwọ ojii mgbe niile. Parks chetara ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị na Pine Level, ebe ụgbọ ala ụlọ akwụkwọ na-ebuga ụmụ akwụkwọ ọcha n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ha na ụmụ akwụkwọ ojii ga-aga nke ha:<blockquote>M ga-ahụ ngafe ụgbọ ala kwa ụbọchị. . . Ma nye m, nke ahụ bụ ụzọ ndụ; anyị enweghị ihe ọzọ ma ọ bụghị ịnakwere ihe bụ omenala. Ụgbọ ala ahụ so na ụzọ mbụ m si mata na e nwere ụwa ojii na ụwa ndị ọcha. <ref name="The Henry Ford">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehenryford.org/exhibits/rosaparks/story.asp|title=The Story Behind the Bus|work=Rosa Parks Bus|publisher=[[The Henry Ford]]|accessdate=July 1, 2008|archivedate=September 5, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905080138/http://www.thehenryford.org/exhibits/rosaparks/story.asp}}</ref></blockquote>Ọ bụ ezie na akụkọ ndụ Parks na-akọ akụkọ mmalite nke obiọma nke ndị ọcha ọbịbịa, ọ pụghị ileghara ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke obodo ya anya. Mgbe Ku Klux Klan gara n'okporo ámá dị n'ihu ụlọ ha, Parks na-echeta nna nna ya ka o ji egbe na-eche ọnụ ụzọ ihu. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-1995-11-08/html/CREC-1995-11-08-pt1-PgE2135-2.htm|publisher=republished in Congressional Record Volume 141, Number 176; November 8, 1995|first=Walt|author=Harrington|title=A Person Who Wanted To Be Free|work=[[The Washington Post Magazine]]|date=October 8, 1995|accessdate=July 19, 2016}}</ref> Ụlọ akwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ Montgomery, nke ndị ọcha ugwu hiwere ma na-arụ ọrụ maka ụmụaka ojii, bụ ndị ọkụ ọkụ gbara ọkụ ugboro abụọ. Ndị ọcha kpagburu ngalaba ya. N'ịbụ ndị ụmụaka ndị ọcha na-amaja ugboro ugboro na mpaghara ya, Parks na-alụkarị ọgụ n'anụ ahụ. O mechara kwuo, sị: "Laa azụ dị ka m chetara, enweghị m ike iche echiche banyere ịnakwere mmeso anụ ahụ na-enweghị ụdị mmegwara ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume." <ref name="rebellious mrs.">{{Cite book|title=The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks|authorlink=Jeanne Theoharis|first=Jeanne|author=Theoharis|publisher=[[Beacon Press]]|year=2013|isbn=9780807076927|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O9_YCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA208|accessdate=July 19, 2016}}</ref> : 208  In 1932, Rosa married Raymond Parks, a barber from Montgomery.<ref name="rebellious mrs."/>{{rp|13, 15}}<ref name="Crewe Walsh">{{Cite book|title=The Montgomery Bus Boycott|first=Sabrina|author=Crewe|year=2002|publisher=Gareth Stevens|chapter=Chapter 3: The Boycott|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=YHwiynhKj9UC&pg=PA15|isbn=9780836833942|accessdate=July 19, 2016}}</ref> He was a member of the NAACP,<ref name="Crewe Walsh" /> which at the time was collecting money to support the defense of the Scottsboro Boys, a group of black men falsely accused of raping two white women.<ref name="Whitaker 2011">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSGhEUq5bp0C&pg=PA690|title=Icons of Black America: Breaking Barriers and Crossing Boundaries|author=Whitaker|first=Matthew|date=March 9, 2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313376436}}</ref>{{Rp|690}} Rosa took numerous jobs, ranging from domestic worker to hospital aide. At her husband's urging, she finished her high school studies in 1933, at a time when fewer than 7% of African Americans had a high-school diploma. Na Disemba 1943, Parks ghọrọ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmegharị ikike obodo, sonye na isi Montgomery nke NAACP, a họpụtara ya ịbụ odeakwụkwọ n'oge a na-ewere nke a dị ka ọrụ nwanyị. O mechara kwuo, sị, "Ọ bụ naanị m bụ nwaanyị nọ ebe ahụ, ha chọkwara odeakwụkwọ, ma m na-atụ ụjọ ịsị mba." <ref>{{Cite news|first=Mark|author=Feeney|title=Rosa Parks, civil rights icon, dead at 92|work=The Boston Globe|date=October 25, 2005|url=https://www.boston.com/news/globe/obituaries/articles/2005/10/25/rosa_parks_civil_rights_icon_whose_single_act_sparked_a_movement_at_92/|accessdate=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ọ gara n'ihu dị ka odeakwụkwọ ruo 1957. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka onye isi NAACP mpaghara Edgar Nixon, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nọgidere na-ekwu na "Ụmụ nwanyị adịghị mkpa ịnọ ebe ọ bụla ma na kichin." <ref name="daughters">{{Cite book|title=Freedom's Daughters: The Unsung Heroines of the Civil Rights Movement from 1830 to 1970|author=Olson|first=L.|date=2001|publisher=Scribner|isbn=9780684850122|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lddD_IFIJisC&pg=PA97|accessdate=August 1, 2015}}</ref> Mgbe Parks jụrụ, "Ọfọn, gịnị banyere m?", ọ zara, sị: "Achọrọ m odeakwụkwọ na ị bụ ezigbo onye." <ref name="daughters" /> Na 1944, n'ọrụ ya dị ka odeakwụkwọ, ọ nyochara n'ike-ndina nke Recy Taylor, nwanyị ojii si Abbeville, Alabama . Parks na ndị ọzọ na-akwado ikike obodo haziri " Kọmitii maka ikpe ziri ezi maka Mrs. Recy Taylor", na-ebupụta ihe ''Chicago Defender'' kpọrọ "mgbasa ozi kachasị ike maka ikpe ziri ezi ka a ga-ahụ n'ime afọ iri." <ref>{{Cite news|first=Danielle|author=McGuire|url=http://inamerica.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/01/opinion-its-time-to-free-rosa-parks-from-the-bus/|title=Opinion: It's time to free Rosa Parks from the bus|work=CNN|date=December 1, 2012|accessdate=December 22, 2012}}</ref> Parks gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-akwado mgbochi mmeko nwoke na nwanyị afọ ise ka e mesịrị mgbe o nyere aka hazie ngagharị iwe iji kwado Gertrude Perkins, nwanyị ojii nke ndị uwe ojii Montgomery ọcha abụọ dinara n'ike. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-12-01|title=More Than A Seat On The Bus|url=https://werehistory.org/rosa-parks/|accessdate=2021-03-10|work=We're History|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị onye òtù Kọmunist, ọ na-eso di ya na-aga nzukọ. Ndị Kọmunist mere ka ikpe Scottsboro a ma ama pụta ìhè. <ref>{{Cite news|title=How 'Communism' Brought Racial Equality To The South|publisher=National Public Radio|date=February 16, 2010|work=Tell Me More|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=123771194|accessdate=July 19, 2016}}</ref> N'afọ ndị 1940, Parks na di ya bụ ndị òtù League of Women Voters . N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe 1944 gasịrị, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị nkenke na Maxwell Air Force Base, nke, n'agbanyeghị ebe ọ dị na Montgomery, Alabama, ekweghị ka agbụrụ agbụrụ n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe onwunwe gọọmenti etiti . Ọ gbagoro n'ụgbọ mmiri agwakọta ya. Mgbe ọ na-agwa onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ ya okwu, Parks kwuru, "Ị nwere ike ịsị Maxwell meghere anya m." Parks rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta ụlọ na onye na-akwa akwa maka Clifford na Virginia Durr, di na nwunye ọcha. Na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị Durrs ghọrọ ndị enyi ya. Ha gbara ume-ma mechaa nyere aka nkwado-Parks in the summer of 1955 ịga Highlander Folk School, ebe agụmakwụkwọ maka ịgba ume na ikike ndị ọrụ na nha anya agbụrụ na Monteagle, Tennessee . N'ebe ahụ Parks ka onye nhazi vetiran soja bụ Septima Clark . <ref name="rebellious mrs."/> N'afọ 1945, n'agbanyeghị iwu Jim Crow na ịkpa ókè nke ndị na-edeba aha na-eme, o nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịdebanye aha na votu na mgbalị nke atọ ya. <ref name="Whitaker 2011"/> : 690  N'August 1955, Emmett Till dị afọ iri na ụma egburu onye isi ojii n'ụzọ obi ọjọọ mgbe a kọrọ na ya na otu nwa agbọghọ bụ onye ọcha na-akpa mgbe ọ na-eleta ndị ikwu na [[Mississippi]] . <ref name="DOJ Till">{{Cite news|url=https://www.justice.gov/archive/opa/pr/2004/May/04_crt_311.htm|title=Justice Department to Investigate 1955 Emmett Till Murder|publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]|date=May 10, 2004|accessdate=May 27, 2007|quote=R. Alexander Acosta, Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division, states, "This brutal murder and grotesque miscarriage of justice outraged a nation and helped galvanize support for the modern American civil rights movement."}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 27, 1955, ụbọchị anọ tupu ya emee ka ọ guzoro na bọs, Rosa Parks gara otu nnukwu nzukọ na Dexter Avenue Baptist Church na Montgomery nke kwuru okwu a, yana igbu ọchụ nke ndị na-akwado George W. Lee na nso nso a. Lamar Smith . Ọkà okwu egosipụtara bụ TRM Howard, onye ndu ndị isi ojii sitere na Mississippi bụ onye isi mpaghara Council of Negro Leadership . <ref>{{Cite book|first=David T.|author=Beito|title=Black Maverick: T. R. M. Howard's Fight for Civil Rights and Economic Power|location=Urbana|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=2009|pages=138–39}}</ref> Howard wetara akụkọ gbasara ntọhapụ na nso nso a nke ndị nwoke abụọ ahụ gburu Till. Parks nwere nnukwu mwute na iwe na akụkọ ahụ, karịsịa n'ihi na ikpe Till dọtara uche karịa nke ọ bụla n'ime ikpe ya na Montgomery NAACP rụrụ ọrụ na-ma ma, ndị ikom abụọ ahụ ka na-eje ije n'efu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rosaparksbiography.org/bio/emmett-till/|title=Emmett Till {{!}} The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks|work=rosaparksbiography.org|date=May 16, 2016|accessdate=September 11, 2016}}</ref> == Njide ogige na mgbochi ụgbọ ala == [[Usòrò:Rosaparks_busdiagram.jpg|thumb| Nhazi oche na ụgbọ ala ebe Parks nọdụrụ, Disemba 1, 1955]] === Ụgbọ ala Montgomery: iwu na omenala ndị na-emeri emeri === Na 1900, Montgomery agafeela iwu obodo iji kewaa ndị njem ụgbọ ala site n'agbụrụ. Enyere ndị nduzi ikike ikenye oche iji nweta ebumnobi ahụ. Dị ka iwu si kwuo, ọ dịghị onye njem a ga-achọ ịkwaga ma ọ bụ hapụ oche ya guzoro ma ọ bụrụ na ụgbọ ala jupụtara na ya na enweghị oche ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, ka oge na-aga na site n'ọdịnala, ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala Montgomery nakweere omume nke ịchọ ndị na-agba ojii ka ha kwagharịa mgbe enweghị oche ọ bụla fọdụrụ. <ref>''[[Browder v. Gayle]]'', 142 F. Supp. 707 (1956)</ref> Ahịrị anọ mbụ nke oche na ụgbọ ala Montgomery ọ bụla ka edobere maka ndị ọcha. Ụgbọ ala nwere ngalaba "agba" maka ndị isi ojii n'ozuzu n'azụ ụgbọ ala ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na ndị ojii nwere ihe karịrị 75% nke ndị na-agba. Edozighị akụkụ ndị a mana ekpebie ya site na ntinye akara mbugharị. Ndị ojii nwere ike ịnọdụ ala n'ahịrị etiti ruo mgbe akụkụ ọcha jupụtara; ọ bụrụ na ndị ọcha chọkwuru oche, ndị ojii ga-akwaga n'oche n'azụ, guzoro, ma ọ bụ, ọ bụrụ na enweghị ọnụ ụlọ, pụọ na bọs. Ndị isi ojii enweghị ike ịnọdụ ala n'ofe wara wara otu ahịrị ndị ọcha. Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala nwere ike ibugharị akara ngalaba "acha anụnụ anụnụ", ma ọ bụ wepụ ya kpamkpam. Ọ bụrụ na ndị ọcha na-anọdụ ala n'ihu, ndị isi ojii ga-abanye n'ihu iji kwụọ ụgwọ ụgbọ mmiri, wee si n'ụgbọ mmiri pụta ma si n'azụ ụzọ banyeghachi. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ndị isi ojii na-eme mkpesa na ọnọdụ ahụ ezighị ezi. Parks kwuru, "Iguzogide mmeso ọjọọ m na bọs esiteghị na njide ahụ malitere. Emere m ọtụtụ njem na Montgomery." <ref name="NYT2"/> Otu ụbọchị na 1943, Parks banyere ụgbọ ala ma kwụọ ụgwọ ụgbọ. Ọ kwagara n'oche, mana onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala James F. Blake gwara ya ka ọ gbasoo iwu obodo wee si n'ọnụ ụzọ azụ banye ụgbọ ala ọzọ. Mgbe Parks siri n'ụgbọala ahụ, Blake gawara na-enweghị ya. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/mar/27/guardianobituaries|title=James F. Blake|work=The Guardian|date=March 26, 2002|accessdate=December 27, 2016}}</ref> Ogige ntụrụndụ chere ụgbọ ala na-esote, kpebisiri ike na ha agaghị eso Blake gakwara ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-oct-25-na-parks25-story.html|title=She Set Wheels of Justice in Motion|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first=Elaine|author=Woo|date=October 25, 2005|accessdate=July 22, 2011}}</ref> === Ọjụjụ ịkwaga === Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ ụbọchị niile, Parks banyere ụgbọ ala Cleveland Avenue, ụgbọ ala General Motors Old Look nke Montgomery City Lines, gburugburu 6&nbsp;pm, Tọzdee, Disemba 1, 1955, na ogbe ndịda Montgomery. Ọ kwụrụ ụgwọ ụgbọ ya wee nọdụ n'oche efu na ahịrị mbụ nke oche azụ echere maka ndị ojii na ngalaba "acha agba". N'akụkụ etiti ụgbọ ala ahụ, ahịrị ya nọ kpọmkwem n'azụ oche iri e debere maka ndị ọcha. Ná mmalite, ọ chọpụtaghị na onye na-anya bọs bụ otu nwoke aha ya bụ James F. Blake, bụ́ onye hapụrụ ya n’oge mmiri ozuzo na 1943. Ka ụgbọ ala ahụ na-aga n'ụzọ ọ na-agakarị, oche niile na-acha ọcha naanị na bọs ahụ jupụtara. Ụgbọ ala ahụ rutere nkwụsị nke atọ n'ihu Ụlọ ihe nkiri Empire, na ọtụtụ ndị njem ọcha banyere. Blake kwuru na ndị njem abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ bụ ndị ọcha guzoro n'ihu ụgbọ ala ahụ jupụtara n'ike. Ọ kwagara akara ngalaba "acha anụnụ anụnụ" n'azụ Parks ma rịọ ka ndị ojii anọ hapụ oche ha n'etiti etiti ka ndị njem ọcha nwee ike ịnọdụ ala. Ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị, n'icheta ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị ahụ, Parks kwuru, sị, "Mgbe onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ọcha ahụ laghachiri n'ebe anyị nọ, mgbe o fepụrụ aka ya ma nye anyị iwu ka anyị gbagote ma si n'oche anyị pụta, enwere m mmetụta nke mkpebi siri ike kpuchie ahụ m dị ka ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi. abalị oyi." <ref name="Donnie Williams">{{Cite book|author=Williams|first=Donnie|publisher=Chicago Review Press|year=2005|isbn=1-55652-590-7|title=The Thunder of Angels: The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the People who Broke the Back of Jim Crow|url=https://archive.org/details/thunderofangelsm00will/page/48}}</ref> Site na akaụntụ Parks, Blake kwuru, "Ọ ga-aka mma mee ka ọ dịkwuo ọkụ n'onwe gị ma hapụ m ka m nweta oche ndị ahụ." Atọ n'ime ha kwetara. Parks kwuru, "Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala chọrọ ka anyị bilie, anyị anọ. Anyị agagharịghị ná mmalite, ma ọ sịrị, 'Ka m nweta oche ndị a.' Ma mmadụ atọ ndị ọzọ kwagara, ma emeghị m ya.” <ref name="CNN obit">{{Cite web|title=CNN.com - Civil rights icon Rosa Parks dies at 92 - Oct 25, 2005|url=http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/10/24/parks.obit/|accessdate=2022-02-23|work=www.cnn.com}}</ref> Nwoke ojii nọ ọdụ n'akụkụ ya hapụrụ oche ya. <ref name="Neary2">{{Cite news|title=Civil Rights Icon Rosa Parks Dies|language=en|work=NPR.org|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId&#61;4973548&sourceCode&#61;gaw|accessdate=2022-02-23}}</ref> Ogige ntụrụndụ kwagara, mana n'akụkụ oche windo; o bilieghị ịkwaga na ngalaba agba agbagharịrị edegharị. <ref name="Neary2"/> Parks mechara kwuo banyere a gwara m ka ọ kwaga n'azụ ụgbọ ala ahụ, "Echere m Emmett Till - onye Amerịka dị afọ 14 nke egburu na Mississippi na 1955, mgbe e boro ya ebubo na ọ kpasuru otu nwanyị ọcha na ụlọ nri ezinụlọ ya. ụlọ ahịa, onye a nwara ma tọhapụ ndị gburu ya - na enweghị m ike ịlaghachi." <ref>{{Cite book|author=Houck|first=Davis|title=Emmett Till and the Mississippi Press|location=Jackson, Miss.|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|date=2008|isbn=9781604733044}}</ref> Blake kwuru, "Gịnị kpatara na ị naghị ebili?" Parks zara, "Echeghị m na m ga-ebili ọtọ." Blake kpọrọ ndị uwe ojii ka ha jide Parks. Mgbe ọ na-echeta ihe merenụ maka ''Anya na Nrite'', usoro telivishọn ọha na eze na 1987 na Civil Rights Movement, Parks kwuru, sị, "Mgbe ọ hụrụ ka m nọ ọdụ, ọ jụrụ ma m ga-ebili ọtọ, m wee sị, 'Ee e, m 'M bụghị.' O wee sị, 'Ọfọn, ọ bụrụ na i guzoghị ọtọ, a ga m akpọ ndị uwe ojii ma jide gị.' M sịrị, 'Ị nwere ike ime nke ahụ.'" <ref name="Juan Williams">{{Cite book|title=Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954–1965|author=Williams|first=Juan|authorlink=Juan Williams|year=2002|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=0-14-009653-1|url=https://archive.org/details/eyesonprizeameri00will/page/66}}</ref> N'ime mkparịta ụka redio 1956 na Sydney Rogers na West Oakland ọtụtụ ọnwa ka e jidere ya, Parks kwuru na ya ekpebiela, "M ga-amarịrị otu oge na ihe niile ikike m nwere dị ka mmadụ na nwa amaala." <ref name="Charles Marsh">{{Cite book|title=The Beloved Community: How Faith Shapes Social Justice from the Civil Rights to Today|author=Marsh|first=Charles|publisher=Basic Books|year=2006|isbn=0-465-04416-6}}</ref> Na akụkọ ndụ ya, ''My Story'', o kwuru: Mgbe Parks jụrụ inyefe oche ya, onye uwe ojii jidere ya. Ka onye uwe ojii na-akpọpụ ya, ọ chetara na ọ jụrụ, sị, "Gịnị mere i ji na-akwagharị anyị?" O chetara na ọ sịrị, "Amaghị m, mana iwu bụ iwu, ma a na-ejide gị." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://achievement.org/achiever/rosa-parks/|title=Rosa Parks: Pioneer of Civil Rights|date=June 2, 1995|publisher=Academy of Achievement|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309183949/https://achievement.org/achiever/rosa-parks/|archivedate=March 9, 2020|accessdate=April 17, 2020}}</ref> O mechara kwuo, sị, “Ọ bụ naanị na m maara na, ka a na-ejide m, na ọ bụ oge ikpeazụ m ga-eji ụdị ihere a ga-eji gbaa ịnyịnya ígwè. . . . " <ref name="CNN obit"/> Eboro Parks ebubo imebi nke isi nke 6, ngalaba 11 iwu nkewa nke koodu Montgomery City, <ref name="Roberta Hughes Wright">{{Cite book|title=The Birth of the Montgomery Bus Boycott|author=Wright|first=Roberta Hughes|year=1991|publisher=Charro Press|isbn=0-9629468-0-X|url=https://archive.org/details/birthofmontgomer00hugh/page/27}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na teknụzụ ọ wereghị oche naanị ọcha; ọ nọbu na ngalaba nwere agba. <ref name="blessed">{{Cite book|title=Blessed Unrest: How the Largest Movement in the World Came Into Being, and Why No One Saw it Coming|author=Hawken|first=Paul|publisher=Viking|year=2007|isbn=978-0-670-03852-7|url=https://archive.org/details/blessedunresthow00hawk/page/79}}</ref> Edgar Nixon, onyeisi oche nke Montgomery isi nke NAACP na onye ndu nke Pullman Porters Union, na enyi ya Clifford Durr gbapụta Parks n'ụlọ nga na mgbede ahụ. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Phibbs|first=Cheryl|title=The Montgomery Bus Boycott: A History and Reference Guide|publisher=Greenwood|year=2009|isbn=978-0313358876|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HKPtlNXNILsC&pg=PA15}}</ref> <ref name="Stewart Burns">{{Cite book|author=Burns|first=Stewart|title=Daybreak of Freedom: The Montgomery Bus Boycott|publisher=UNC Press|year=1997|isbn=0-8078-4661-9|url=https://archive.org/details/daybreakoffreedo00burn/page/9}}</ref> Ogige ntụrụndụ esiteghị n'echiche nke iji ọdụ ụgbọ ala mee ngagharị iwe. Ndị bu ya ụzọ gụnyere Bayard Rustin na 1942, <ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Fellowship|author=Rustin|first=Bayard|date=July 1942|title=Non-Violence vs. Jim Crow}} reprinted in {{Cite book|author=Carson|first=Clayborne|title=Reporting Civil Rights: American journalism, 1941–1963|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9j8OAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=September 13, 2011|year=2003|publisher=Library of America|pages=15–18|isbn=9781931082280}}</ref> Irene Morgan na 1946, Lillie Mae Bradford na 1951, <ref name="Borger">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/apr/04/usa.julianborger|title=Civil rights heroes may get pardons|first=Julian|author=Borger|date=April 3, 2006|accessdate=March 23, 2017|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Sarah Louise Keys na 1952, yana ndị otu ''Browder v.'' ''Gayle'' 1956 ikpe ( Claudette Colvin, Aurelia Browder, Susie McDonald, na Mary Louise Smith ) bụ ndị e jidere na Montgomery maka ịghara ịhapụ oche ụgbọ ala ha ọnwa ole na ole tupu Parks. === Ụgbọ ala Montgomery kwụsịrị === Parks nyere aka dị mkpa na mkpọsa mbụ maka Congress site n'aka John Conyers . O mere ka Martin Luther King (bụ onye na-adịghị achọkarị ịkwado ndị na-aga ime obodo) ka ha na Conyers pụta, si otú ahụ na-akwalite profaịlụ nke onye novice. <ref name="wasn't">{{Cite journal|first=Jeanne|author=Theoharis|authorlink=Jeanne Theoharis|title='The northern promised land that wasn't': Rosa Parks and the Black Freedom Struggle in Detroit|url=http://www.virginia.edu/lifetimelearning/civilrights/articles/Rosa%20Parks%20and%20the%20Black%20Freedom%20Struggle%20in%20Detroit.pdf|journal=OAH Magazine of History|volume=26|pages=23–27|doi=10.1093/oahmag/oar054|year=2012}}</ref> Mgbe a họpụtara Conyers, ọ goro ya ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ na onye na-anabata ndị ọrụ ọgbakọ ọgbakọ ya na Detroit. Ọ nọrọ n'ọkwa a ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1988. <ref name="NYT2"/> N'ajụjụ ọnụ ekwentị ya na CNN na October 24, 2005, Conyers chetara, "Ị mesoro ya nkwanye ùgwù n'ihi na ọ dị jụụ, dị jụụ - naanị onye pụrụ iche.&nbsp;. . . Enwere naanị otu ogige Rosa." <ref name="CNN 2005-10-30">{{Cite news|title=Parks remembered for her courage, humility|date=October 30, 2005|work=CNN|accessdate=July 1, 2008|url=http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/10/25/parks.reax/index.html}}</ref> N'ịrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị maka Conyers, Parks na-elekwasịkarị anya n'okwu metụtara mmekọrịta ọha na eze gụnyere ọdịmma, agụmakwụkwọ, ịkpa oke ọrụ, na ụlọ dị ọnụ ala. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụlọ ọgwụ, ụlọ ọrụ ndị agadi, na nzukọ obodo ndị ọzọ wee mee ka Conyers guzosie ike na nchegbu obodo na mmemme. <ref name="wasn't" /> Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị isi ojii Detroit, Parks nọgidere na-enwe nchegbu karịsịa maka okwu ụlọ. Ya onwe ya bi na agbataobi, Virginia Park, nke iwu okporo ụzọ na mmeghari ohuru nke obodo mebiri emebi. Ka ọ na-erule 1962, atumatu ndị a ebibila ụlọ 10,000 na Detroit, na-achụpụ mmadụ 43,096, pasent 70 n'ime ha bụ African-American. Ogige ntụrụndụ bi nanị kilomita site n'etiti ọgba aghara ahụ weere ọnọdụ na Detroit na 1967, o weere ịkpa ókè ụlọ anya dị ka isi ihe kpalitere ọgba aghara ahụ. <ref name="wasn't"/> N'ikpeazụ, Parks jikọrọ aka na ndị otu Njikọ nke Ndị Ọrụ Black Revolutionary na Republic of New Afrika n'ịkwalite mmata maka mmegbu ndị uwe ojii n'oge esemokwu ahụ. Ọ jere ozi na "ụlọikpe ndị mmadụ" n'August 30, 1967, na-enyocha ogbugbu nke ndị uwe ojii gburu ụmụ okorobịa atọ n'oge ọgba aghara Detroit 1967, na ihe a bịara mara dị ka ihe omume Algiers Motel . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rosaparksbiography.org/bio/the-peoples-tribunal-on-the-algiers-motel-killings/|title=The People's Tribunal on the Algiers Motel Killings {{!}} The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks|work=rosaparksbiography.org|date=May 18, 2016|accessdate=September 11, 2016}}</ref> O nyekwara aka guzobe kansụl district nke Virginia Park iji nyere aka wughachi mpaghara ahụ. Kansụl ahụ mere ka owuwu nke naanị otu ụlọ ahịa ndị ojii nwere na mba ahụ. <ref name="wasn't"/> Parks so na ngagharị ike ojii, na-aga ogbako Black Power Philadelphia na Mgbakọ Ọchịchị ojii na Gary, Indiana. Ọ kwadokwara wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ Black Panther dị na Oakland. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://psc-cuny.org/clarion/march-2013/alabama-detroit-rosa-parks-rebellious-life|title=From Alabama to Detroit: Rosa Parks' Rebellious Life|work=psc-cuny.org|date=March 13, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/5/2/2/1/9/p522193_index.html?phpsessid=52461e5fbc3ff8d78be0c47d44ef4d26|title='I Don't Believe in Gradualism': Rosa Parks and the Black Power Movement in Detroit|work=allacademic.com|accessdate=December 11, 2014|archivedate=December 11, 2014|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20141211203242/http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/5/2/2/1/9/p522193_index.html?phpsessid=52461e5fbc3ff8d78be0c47d44ef4d26}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/02/02/rosa-parks-stamp/1885129/|title=Stamp ceremony kicks off day in Parks' honor|date=February 3, 2013|work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> == Ntụaka == <references /> [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2ep6yugniu02paj62sol7toskm6cmkf 0 12653 628639 596044 2026-04-02T03:44:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Sandra Don-Arthur''' (amụrụ 22 Eprel 1980) makwaara dị ka '''''Alexandrina''''' na ụlọ ọrụ showbiz bụ ọkachamara etemeete na Vlogger si Ghana. <ref name=":2" /> Ọ bụ onye tọrọ ntọala ma bụrụ onye isi oche nke Alexiglam Studio, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/04/worlds-leading-makeup-brand-launches-in-ghana-on-friday/|title=World's leading makeup brand launches in Ghana on Friday|author=|first=|date=|work=www.myjoyonline.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419172258/https://citifmonline.com/2015/04/worlds-leading-makeup-brand-launches-in-ghana-on-friday/|archivedate=2023-04-19|accessdate=2019-08-02}}</ref> ụlọ ọrụ etemeete na ịma mma Ghana nke na-enye ndị inyom Ghana ọrụ ịma mma. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/May-2nd/sandra-don-arthur-wins-top-ghana-makeup-award.php|title=Sandra Don-Arthur wins top Ghana Makeup Award|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=2019-08-02|archivedate=2018-05-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502050958/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/May-2nd/sandra-don-arthur-wins-top-ghana-makeup-award.php}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Sandra-Don-Arthur-makes-Ghana-proud-at-New-York-Fashion-Week-683663|title=Sandra Don-Arthur makes Ghana proud at New York Fashion Week|work=www.ghanaweb.com|date=10 September 2018|language=en|accessdate=2019-08-04}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ ya nye nna onye Ghana na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, Dr. Eric George Alexander Don-Arthur <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/205635/nkrumah-mausoleum-decays.html|title=Nkrumah Mausoleum decays}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.culturalencyclopaedia.org/an-architectural-history-of-ghana-entry|title=An Architectural History of Ghana • the Cultural Encyclopaedia}}</ref> na nne Russia, Oriakụ Natalia Don-Arthur bụ onye na-ahụ maka biochemist. O tolitere na Ghana na Russia ya na ụmụnne ya anọ ma bụrụ nwanne nwanyị nta nke Eric Don-Arthur, onye zọrọ ọkwa n'ụlọ omebe iwu n'afọ 2016 n'otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke National Democratic Congress inọchite anya Effutu Constituency. <ref name="Online">{{Cite web|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201511/261531.php|title=Former TV3 Man Eric Don- Arthur Wins ...|first=Peace FM|author=Online|work=www.peacefmonline.com|accessdate=2019-08-02|archivedate=2023-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021113427/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201511/261531.php}}</ref> Don-Arthur gara Morning Star School na Cantonments wee mechaa kwaga ụlọawụkwọ St. Roses Senior High School nke dị na Akwatia. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ hapụrụ United Kingdom wee gụọ akwụkwọ na West London College na 2011 wee gaa na Mink College ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ wee nweta asambodo na nka etemeete, idozi ntutu isi na mmetụta pụrụ iche. Ọ bụkwa onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Ashesi dị na Ghana. == Ọrụ == Na 2011, Alexandrina malitere etemeete ọkachamara mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na UK. Ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese etemeete bịara pụta ìhè mgbe onye isi etemeete gwara ya ka o mee etemeete maka onye isi ''njikwa MNET Africa'', [[Biola Alabi]] dị ka ọbịa na ihe ''ngosi TV '@ Home With…''' na London. <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=Makeup artiste Sandra Don Arthur partners Maybelline New York|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/lifestyle/life/makeup-artiste-sandra-don-arthur-partners-maybelline-new-york.html#|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2019-08-02|work=www.graphic.com.gh}}</ref> Don-Arthur na ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama arụwo ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ Ghana na Nigeria dịka [[Omotola Jalade Ekeinde|Omotola Jalade Ekehinde]], Efya, [[Joselyn Dumas]], [[Juliet Ibrahim]], [[Nadia Buari]], [[Jackie Appiah]], [[Jim Iyke]], Yvonne Okoro na DJ Cuppy . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/omotola-jalade-ekehinde-actress-retained-as-ambassador-for-bo16/89wj9cz|title=Actress retained as Ambassador for BO16|date=2016-02-05|work=www.pulse.ng|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-08-02}}</ref> Maybelline New York, Ghana họpụtara ya ka o soro na ndị na-akwalite ihe nkiri ha iji nyere aka metụta ọrụ Maybelline na Ghana. Maybelline New York nyekwara ya ohere ịme ihe nkiri etemeete mbụ na TV e megoro n'Afrịka, ''"Mekeup Diaries,"'' nke na-agbasa na DSTV na mba iri anọ na isii. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/32041/top-makeup-artiste-tells-her-success-story.html|title=Top Makeup Artiste Tells Her Success Story|work=Modern Ghana|language=en|accessdate=2019-08-02}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye ọbịa oge niile na onye ndu etemeete na oge mbụ nke ihe ngosi "Keeping It Real" ihe ngosi nke onye Ghana na-eme ihe nkiri na onye ọbịa, Joselyn Dumas kwadoro ebe ụmụ nwanyị Ghana nke oge a na-ekerịta echiche ha banyere isiokwu dị iche iche na-emetụta ha na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yen.com.gh/103574-joselyn-dumas-plastic-surgery.html|title=Joselyn Dumas reveals how far she nearly went in the name of beauty|author=Baruti|first=J.|date=2018-01-03|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en|accessdate=2019-08-02}}</ref> O mepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ etemeete maka Glitz Africa Magazine, Debonair Afrik Magazine, Magazine Wedding Dream na Haute Canoe Magazine <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Frema-Opare-Ursula-Owusu-others-cover-2017-Glitz-Africa-Magazine-532871|title=Frema Opare, Ursula Owusu, others cover 2017 Glitz Africa Magazine|author=|first=|date=2014-09-08|work=www.pulse.ng|language=en-US|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2019-08-02}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.magzter.com/share/mag/11368/|title=HAUTE CANOE Magazine - Get your Digital Subscription|work=Magzter|accessdate=2019-08-11}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Ghana bu ndi aka ọkachamara Alexandrina metuworo. Ha gụnyere Nwunye onye ịsị ala Ghana, Nana Konadu Agyeman-Rawlings, Ursula Owusu, Nana Oye Lithur, nwanyị mbụ rụrụ ọrụ dika onye isi ndị ọrụ na Ghana, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adomonline.com/chief-of-staff-honoured-as-model-african-woman/|title=Chief of Staff honoured as model African woman|author=Agyeman|first=Adwoa|date=2019-07-24|work=Adomonline.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-08-04}}</ref> Frema Osei Opare na Minista na-ahụ maka mmetụta ndị mba ọzọ, Shirley Ayorkor Botchway <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/09/womeninspiringwomen-glitz-africa-magazine-features-ghanaian-power-women-ursula-owusu-ekuful-hanna-tetteh-nana-oye-lithur-more-in-the-latest-issue/|title=#WomenInspiringWomen: Glitz Africa Magazine features Ghanaian Power Women – Ursula Owusu-Ekuful, Hanna Tetteh, Nana Oye Lithur & More in the Latest issue|author=BellaNaija.com|date=2016-09-06|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-08-04}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage//Frema-Opare-Ursula-Owusu-others-cover-2017-Glitz-Africa-Magazine-532871|title=Frema Opare, Ursula Owusu, others cover 2017 Glitz Africa Magazine|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-08-04}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, o gosipụtara nsọpụrụ nye Kofi Ansah nwụrụ anwụ na mmekorita ya na Maybelline New York site na nchịkọta Haute Avant Garde ya nke gosipụtara uwe sitere n'aka ụlọọrụ na-emepụta ihe na Ghana nakwa onye na-emepụta ihe dị iche iche iji gosipụta ụdị ngwaahịa dị iche iche nke ụlọọrụ Maybelline New York nwerw. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/photos/1428/56627.php|title=Sandra Don Arthur {{!}} Peace Fm Online - Photo Gallery|work=www.peacefmonline.com|accessdate=2019-08-02|archivedate=2022-03-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316044926/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/photos/1428/56627.php}}</ref> A họpụtara ya dị ka nanị onye na-ete etemete na Ghana na onye nnọchiteanya West Africa iji sonye na New York Fashion Week <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Sandra-Don-Arthur-makes-Ghana-proud-at-New-York-Fashion-Week-683663|title=Sandra Don-Arthur makes Ghana proud at New York Fashion Week|work=www.ghanaweb.com|date=10 September 2018|language=en|accessdate=2019-08-02}}</ref> wee rụọ ọrụ, ya na Victoria Secret, [[Mayowa Nicholas]], Sabah Koj n'oge ngosi nke Fall / Winter. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/safeejutt/docs/sandra_don-arthur_appears_at_new_yo|title=Sandra Don-Arthur appears at New York Fashion Week|work=Issuu|language=en|accessdate=2019-08-03|archivedate=2022-03-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316044927/https://issuu.com/safeejutt/docs/sandra_don-arthur_appears_at_new_yo}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, ọ malitere ụlọọrụ na ụlọakwụkwọ ịma mma ya nke a kpọrọ Alexiglam Studios iji nyere aka kwalite akụkọ ịma mma nke Africa ma zụọ ndị na-ete ihe etemeete na-eto eto. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2019/10/celebrity-make-up-artist-alexandrina-don-arthur-opens-studio-in-ghana/|title=Celebrity Make-up artist Alexandrina Don-Arthur opens studio in Ghana — Starr Fm}}</ref> O kwuru na uto ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe etemeete bu n'ihi ọdịdị ya na-achọgharị dị ka nwata na ịhụnanya o nwere maka inwale na ịchọpụtagasi ihe ọhụrụ. Pat McGrath na Bimpe Onakoya so n'ime ndị ndụmọdụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ịma mma. == Ọrụ ya ndị ama ama == N'oge nleta eze nke Charles, Onye isi ala Wales na nwunye ya, Camilla, Duchess nke Cornwall nke ọ bịara na Ghana na Nọvemba 2018, e mere obere oriri na ọṅụṅụ steeti na ihe ngosi ejiji maka nsọpụrụ ha, e wee họpụta Alexandrina ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ndi na-eme etemete maka ihe ngosi ahu. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46110610|title=A royal visit to a land of princes|date=2018-11-07|accessdate=2019-08-11|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Prince-Charles-gets-Ghana-s-Star-honour-698373|title=Prince Charles gets Ghana's Star honour|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-08-11|archivedate=2019-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811231502/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Prince-Charles-gets-Ghana-s-Star-honour-698373}}</ref> Ọrụ nchịkọta akụkọ ya gbasara onye nlereanya mba ụwa nke Ghana na Naijiria aha ya bu Victoria Michaels bụ nke e gosipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ dị na Paris, nke a kpọrọ Magazin Roots. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rootsmagazine.fr/|title=Roots Magazine|author=|first=|date=|work=Roots Magazine|language=fr-FR|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803190155/http://rootsmagazine.fr/|archivedate=2019-08-03|accessdate=2019-08-11}}</ref> == Ọrụ ebere == Ọ bụkwa onye so wee tọọ ntọala nke ''Sickle Strong Warriors Foundation'', otu òtù na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ nke na-achọ ịkwalite mmata banyere ọrịa sickle cell na ịkwalite ịdị n'otu n'etiti ndị ọrịa sickle cell na Ghana. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/06/the-telling-journey-of-a-sickle-strong-warrior/|title=The telling journey of a Sickle Strong Warrior!|date=2017-06-19|work=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-08-02|archivedate=2023-04-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420024147/https://citifmonline.com/2017/06/the-telling-journey-of-a-sickle-strong-warrior/}}</ref> Dịka ihe sonyeere na CSR na ọrụ enyemaka ya, ọ mụtakwara nka ya na oru ngo Fair Justice Initiative, nke a kpọrọ '''<nowiki/>'Remember Me'.''' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fairjusticegh.com/remember-me|title=The Fair Justice Initiative|author=Initiative|first=The Fair Justice|work=The Fair Justice Initiative|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-08-11|archivedate=2019-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811233033/https://fairjusticegh.com/remember-me}}</ref> Ọ bụ ọrụ nkwado n'etiti onye na-ese foto Ghana, Francis Kokoroko, Rania Odaymat, The Fair Justice Initiative lekwasịrị anya na ụmụ nwanyị iri na abụọ ndị a tụrụ ikpe ndụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ nke Nsawam . Ejiri uwe ọdịnala dochie anya uwe ụmụ nwanyị ụlọ mkpọrọ wee dee ha foto nke e gosiri na ngosi 'Make Be' na La Maison na Ọktoba 2018. Kemgbe e mepụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ kọfị iji kwalite nkwado. == Ndụ onwe == Ya na ụmụ ya abụọ bi na Accra, Ghana. <ref name=":1"/> == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Afọ ! Ihe omume ! Ihe nrite | '''Nsonaazụ''' |- | 2016 | Ghana Makeup Awards | Kachasị mma Editorial etemeete | meriri <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thebftonline.com/2019/lifestylesports/face-of-make-up-blogging-nominated-for-makeup-blog-of-the-year/|title=Face of Make-up Blogging nominated for Makeup Blog of the Year {{!}} Business & Financial Times Online|author=Otoo|first=Lilipearl Baaba|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-08-04|archivedate=2020-05-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517024250/https://thebftonline.com/2019/lifestylesports/face-of-make-up-blogging-nominated-for-makeup-blog-of-the-year/}}</ref> |- | 2018 | Ghana Makeup Awards | Kachasị mma etemeete Artist | meriri <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/49627/sandra-don-arthur-wins-top-ghana-makeup-award.html|title=Sandra Don-Arthur Wins Top Ghana Makeup Award|work=Modern Ghana|language=en|accessdate=2019-08-04}}</ref> |- | 2018 | Onyinye ndị ọchụnta ego na-eto eto | Ọkachamma na Artistry etemeete | meriri |} == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.maybelline.com/new-york-fashion-week Izu Ejiji New York] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ym25WZNivI4 Mkparịta ụka Alexandrina na Best of Africa] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] gp03n2qw2udt3vwak38pl1m2dy2tmat 0 13283 628609 93338 2026-04-01T21:58:51Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ndị otu nyocha ọdịmma ọha na eze ('''PIRGs''') bụ njikọ nke òtù na-abaghị uru nke United States na Canada nke na-eji nhazi azụmaahịa na nkwado kpọmkwem na nsogbu ndị dị ka nchedo '''ndị''' ahịa, ahụike ọha na eze na njem.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.opirg.org/|title=OPIRG: Welcome to the Provincial Network}}</ref> Ndị PIRG nwere njikọ chiri anya na Ego maka Mmasị Ọha, nke na-eduzi ego na nyocha n'aha ha. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == PIRG gosiriputara na mmalite afọ 1970 na ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji nke United States. A tụrụ aro ụdị PIRG n'akwụkwọ Ihe omume maka mgbanwe nke Ralp'''Mkpúrù èdè íke'''h Nader na Donald Ross dere, nke ha na-agba ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ n'ogige dị iche iche na steeti ume ka ha jikọta ego ha iji were ndị ọkachamara na ndị na-eme nnyocha oge niile iji kwado maka ngafe nke iwu nke na-ekwu maka isiokwu '''Mkpúrù èdè íke'''mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere mmasị.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Nader|first=Ralph|title=[[Action for a Change]]|date=1971|publisher=[[Grossman Publishers]]|authorlink=Ralph Nader}}</ref> Ross nyeere ụmụ akwụkwọ aka n'ofe mba ahụ guzobe isi PIRG mbụ, wee bụrụ onye nduzi nke New York Public Interest Research Group n'afọ 1973.<ref name=":0" /> Minnesota Public Interest Research Group, nke e hiwere na 1971, bụ PIRG steeti izizi tinyere. Oregon (OSPIRG) na Massachusetts (MASSPIRG) sochiri ya. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị afọ ndị 1990, e nwere PIRG na steeti iri abụọ na abụọ nwere isi na ihe karịrị otu narị ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji. U.S. PIRG kọrọ otu nde ndị otu site n'afọ 2000.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Ness|first=Immanuel|title=Encyclopedia of Interest Groups and Lobbyists in the United States|date=2000|publisher=[[Routledge Taylor & Francis Group]]|isbn=9780765680228|authorlink=Immanuel Ness}}</ref> PIRG steeti mepụtara PIRG nke United States n'afọ 1984 iji nwee nnọkọ mba na Washington, DC.<ref name="Brobeck">{{Cite book|author=Brobeck|first=Stephen|title=[[Encyclopedia of the Consumer Movement]]|date=1997|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|isbn=0-87436-987-8|pages=470|authorlink=Stephen Brobeck}}</ref> == Ụdị ego == A na-akwụ ụgwọ PIRG na kọleji kọleji na akụkọ ihe mere eme site na akụkụ nke ụgwọ ọrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ n'ụdị nyocha ọrụ. Ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere ike ịhọrọ ka a kwụghachi ha ụgwọ ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ụmụ akwụkwọ amaghị na nke a bụ ikpe. N'afọ 1982, ndị PIRGs guzobere Ego maka Mmasị Ọha (nke a na-akpọkarị "The Fund") dị ka ego ya na ogwe aka ya.<ref name="mayer" /> == Esemokwu == Usoro ego ụmụ akwụkwọ nke ego PIRG ezutewo esemokwu na ụfọdụ ihe ịma aka iwu.<ref name="mayer">{{Cite book|author=Mayer|first=Robert N.|title=Watchdogs and Whistleblowers: A Reference Guide to Consumer Activism|date=2015|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781440830006}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMayer2015">Mayer, Robert N. (2015). </cite></ref> N'afọ 2014, ụmụ akwụkwọ na Macalester College dị na Minnesota kwadoro ịkwụsị mmekọrịta ha na MPIRG maka usoro ego nke otu ahụ, nke dabere na MPIRG na-anata ụgwọ ọrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na-akpaghị aka.<ref name="pioneer">{{Cite news|author=Verges|first=Josh|title=Macalester College students reject MPIRG on campus|url=http://www.twincities.com/education/ci_26969904/macalester-students-reject-mpirg-campus|accessdate=10 November 2015|publisher=Pioneer Press|date=November 19, 2014}}</ref> == Ịkọwapụta ihe == Dabere na data sitere n'afọ 2018 Afọ mmefu ego, Charity Navigator gosiri U.S. PIRG otu n'ime kpakpando anọ n'ihe gbasara ịza ajụjụ na nkwuwa okwu (67.00 n'ime 100), na atọ n'ime kpakpando anọ maka ego (82.36 n'ime 100), maka ọkwa zuru oke nke kpakpando abụọ n'ime kpakpando anọ (73.54 n'ime 100).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=5433#.Vj1SPrerS70|work=Charity Navigator|title=Charity Navigator Rating - U.S. PIRG Education Fund}}</ref> == Affiliated non-profits == Ọtụtụ PIRG bụ ndị otu nnukwu netwọk nke òtù na-abaghị uru a na-akpọ Netwọk Mmasị Ọha .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Public Interest Network|url=http://www.publicinterestnetwork.org/|year=2012|accessdate=October 9, 2012}}</ref> N'oge gara aga, ha enyewokwa aka ịmalite ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-enweghị ọdịmma ọha na eze, gụnyere: # Bọọdụ ịba uru nwa amaala<ref name="bro">{{Cite book|author=Brobeck|first=Stephen|title=Encyclopedia of the consumer movement|date=1998|publisher=[[ABC-Clio]]|isbn=0874369878|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofco00brob}}</ref>{{rp|472}} # National Environmental Law Center<ref name="bro" />{{rp|470}} == Ndị mmekọ steeti == Steeti iri abụọ na ise nke United States nwere PIRG nke steeti niile nke nwere njikọ kpọmkwem na Netwọk Mmasị Ọha/ US PIRG. PIRG steeti ndị ọzọ na-abụghị akụkụ nke netwọk gụnyere New York, Vermont, na Minnesota PIRG.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uspirg.org/feature/usp/about-us|title=About Us|work=US PIRG}}</ref> PIRG steeti bụ: * AKPIRG (Alaska) * Arizona PIRG * CALPIRG (California) * CoPIRG (Colorado) * ConnPIRG (Connecticut) * Florida PIRG * Georgia PIRG * Illinois PIRG * Iowa PIRG * MaryPIRG (Maryland) * MassPIRG (Massachusetts) * PIRGIM (Michigan) * MPIRG (Minnesota)* * MoPIRG (Missouri) * MontPIRG (Montana) * NHPIRG (New Hampshire) * NJPIRG (New Jersey) * NMPIRG (New Mexico) * NYPIRG (New York)* * NCPIRG (North Carolina) * Ohio PIRG * OSPIRG (Oregon) * RIPIRG (Rhode Island) * Penn PIRG (Pennsylvania) * TexPIRG (Texas) * VPIRG (Vermont)* * WashPIRG (Washington) * WisPIRG (Wisconsin) == Leekwa == * Gburugburu America == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * [https://studentpirgs.org/ Ụmụ akwụkwọ PIRGs] * [https://publicinterestnetwork.org/ Netwọk Mmasị Ọha] * [https://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientsum.php?id=D000058093&year=2010 U.S. PIRG na OpenSecrets.org] krdbmqp8r07t56x72hfxkunhcs789cb 0 13947 628649 516050 2026-04-02T06:27:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Selassie Ibrahim''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri na iteghete nke ọnwa Mee ) bụ onye Ghana na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri, nne, onye na-enyere ndị mmadụ aka, onye ọchụnta ego na onye isi nke njikwa na mmepụta nke otu Smarttys .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/337141/i-have-a-jealous-wife.html|title=I Have A Jealous Wife|work=Modern Ghana|language=en|accessdate=2019-07-09}}</ref><ref name="myjoyonline.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/June-12th/tv-stations-pushing-actors-out-of-business-selassie-ibrahim.php|title=TV stations pushing actors out of business – Selassie Ibrahim|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=2019-06-26|archivedate=2019-06-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626033901/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/June-12th/tv-stations-pushing-actors-out-of-business-selassie-ibrahim.php}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190626033901/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/June-12th/tv-stations-pushing-actors-out-of-business-selassie-ibrahim.php "TV stations pushing actors out of business – Selassie Ibrahim"]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-26</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2019/06/selassie-ibrahim-premieres-40-looks-good-on-you-on-friday/|title=Selassie Ibrahim premieres ‘40 Looks Good on You’ on Friday|date=2019-06-18|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana, Current Affairs, Business News , Headlines, Ghana Sports, Entertainment, Politics, Articles, Opinions, Viral Content|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adomonline.com/tv-stations-pushing-actors-out-of-business-selassie-ibrahim/|title=TV stations pushing actors out of business – Selassie Ibrahim|author=Adu|first=Dennis|date=2019-06-12|work=Adomonline.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-08}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Actress-Selassie-Ibrahim-under-attack-401890|title=Actress Selassie Ibrahim under attack|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.happyghana.com/tv-stations-have-literally-pushed-us-out-of-business-selassie-ibrahim/|title=TV Stations have Literally pushed us out of business - Selassie Ibrahim|date=2019-06-11|work=Happy Ghana|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Team|url=http://www.smarttys.com/about-us/our-team|accessdate=2021-06-01|work=www.smarttys.com|archivedate=2021-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214620/http://www.smarttys.com/about-us/our-team}}</ref> Selassie Ibrahim emeela ihe nkiri dịka "Her Mother's Man" ''nke'' [[Desmond Elliot|Desmond Elliott]] duziri na IROKOtv.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/01/desmond-elliot-set-to-release-star-studded-movie-4-wives-and-mistress/|title=Desmond Elliot set to release star-studded movie ‘4 Wives and Mistress’|date=2019-01-09|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-07-09}}</ref> O gosipụtala n'otu aka ndị omee bu Freddie Leonard, [[Uche Jombo]], John Dumelo, [[Shafy Bello]] na Roselyn Ngissah na ihe nkiri ya "''40'' looks Good on You".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Stephanie-Benson-grabs-a-role-in-40-Looks-Good-on-You-movie-756986|title=Stephanie Benson grabs a role in '40 Looks Good on You' movie|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-07-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Selassie-Ibrahim-premieres-40-Looks-Good-on-You-on-Friday-756155|title=Selassie Ibrahim premieres ‘40 Looks Good on You’ on Friday|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-07-09|archivedate=2019-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709100734/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Selassie-Ibrahim-premieres-40-Looks-Good-on-You-on-Friday-756155}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> O gosipụtala na ihe nkiri Ghana karịrị iri ise.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/myjoyonline-one-on-one-with-selassie-ibrahim/|title=Myjoyonline One-on-One with Selassie Ibrahim|date=2010-11-09|work=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-08}}</ref> Selassie Ibrahim bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Jabneel Impact, otu nzukọ mmepe na-abụghị nke gọọmentị (NGO) nke na-arụ ọrụ na ebumnuche nke iweta ndụ na-adịgide na akụkụ akọwapụtara nke ndị na-adịghị ike na ọha mmadụ anyị na ebumnuche nke ịkwalite ikike ha maka ịrụ ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke ọma site na atụmatụ ndị e ji nlezianya mee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://jabneelimpact.org/|accessdate=2021-06-01|work=Jabneel Impact|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607035321/https://jabneelimpact.org/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yen.com.gh/128306-nadia-buari-selassie-afaglo-dance-borborbor-ho-charity-dumelo-video.html|title=Nadia Buari dances borborbor at durbar to donate to widows & orphans in Ho|author=Mensah|first=Jeffrey|date=2019-05-27|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en|accessdate=2019-07-09}}</ref> Selassie bụ onye isi oche nke otu mmepụta na njikwa Smarttys ,ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa nke na-ahụ maka mgbasa ozi, ihe nkiri, mmepụta ihe nkiri, akwụkwọ akụkọ, mmekọrịta ọha na eze. O nwekwara ihe nkiri akpọrọ C.E.O.<ref name=":2" /> == Ọrụ == Selassie Ibrahim mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya n'afọ ndị 90, ihe nkiri "''My sweetie''", nke nyere ya ọganihu site n'iso [[Grace Omaboe]] na Mc- Jordan Amatefio. N'afọ 2015, o mepụtara ihe nkiri mbụ ya nke gosipụtara [[Nadia Buari]], James Gardner, [[Desmond Elliot]], Roselyn Ngissah .<ref name="myjoyonline.com"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailynewsgh.com/2019/06/18/selassie-ibrahim-premieres-40-looks-good-on-you-on-friday/|title=Selassie Ibrahim Premieres ’40 Looks Good On You’ On Friday|author=Gringo|first=Alhaji|date=2019-06-18|work=Daily News|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-26|archivedate=2019-06-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626032129/http://dailynewsgh.com/2019/06/18/selassie-ibrahim-premieres-40-looks-good-on-you-on-friday/}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, ọ mepụtara usoro telivishọn nke Desmond Elliott duziri nke akpọrọ Entrapped ma gosipụta ya na African Magic showcase, EbonyLifeTV na TV3 Network na Ghana . O meela ihe nkiri dị iche iche nke e mepụtara na Naịjirịa nye IROKOtv . Ndị a ma ama n'etiti ha bụ Baby Palaver, na her Mother's palaver. A họpụtara ya dị ka Best Actress in Supporting Role na 2019 Golden Movie Awards . Selassie wepụtara ihe nkiri ọhụrụ ya nke akpọrọ, "40 Looks Good On You" na 2019". E bu ụzọ gosipụta ihe nkiri a na sinima Silver Bird na ụlọ ahịa West Hill na Accra. Ihe nkiri a na-ekwu banyere ezigbo ndị enyi ise (Yaaba, Stacy, Mawusi, Ruth na Araaba) bụ ndị mere nkwekọrịta iji nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na ndụ tupu ha eruo afọ iri anọ, mgbe ha nọ na mahadum. Ndị enyi ise ahụ kpebiri ime ihe ọ bụla o kwere ha mee iji mee ka ọ mee ma ọbụ ọ bụrụ na ha ga-ebi ndụ ụgha. Ha niile debere atụmatụ maka mmekọrịta ha, ọrụ ha, na ndụ ha. Otú ọ dị, ha nọ n'ihe ijuanya ka ndụ tụbara onye ọ bụla n'ime ha n'anya. N'ikpeazụ, ha chọpụtara ihe niile. E gosipụtara ihe nkiri a n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa June 2019 ma Pascal Amanfo duziri ya.<ref name=":0"/> == Ndụ onwe onye == Selassie Ibrahim lụrụ Ibrahim Adam onye bụbu onye ozi nke National Democratic Congress ma ha mụtara nwa nwoke na nwa nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-12-16|title=NDC guru's wife branded BRT buses|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/revealed-ndc-gurus-wife-branded-brt-buses/xtfpyf5|accessdate=2019-07-09|work=www.pulse.com.gh|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-06-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626032130/https://www.pulse.com.gh/revealed-ndc-gurus-wife-branded-brt-buses/xtfpyf5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NDC girl grabs GH¢3.6 million bus branding contract|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/NDC-girl-grabs-GH-3-6-million-bus-branding-contract-401816|accessdate=2019-07-09|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1"/> == Edensibia == <references /> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Ghana n'eme ihe nkiri]] rjn8888ivhe2qpnsuca0wjmt3jx2a05 0 13965 628676 621505 2026-04-02T11:27:55Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox officeholder|name=Darius Dickson Ishaku|image=|caption=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1954|7|30|df=y}}|birth_place=Lupwe, [[Taraba State]], [[Nigeria]]|spouse=[[Anna Darius Ishaku]]|occupation=Architect<br>Politician}} '''Darius Dickson Ishaku''', '''FNIA''', '''FNITP''' (a mụrụ na 30 Julaị 1954) bụ onye Naijiria na-arụ ụlọ, onye na-eme atụmatụ ime obodo, onye nkuzi mahadum na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ bụ onye otu otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị [[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] na Gọvanọ nke Taraba Steeti.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/nigerias-democracy-embarrassing-insulting-gov-ishaku/|title=Nigeria’s democracy embarrassing, insulting —Gov Ishaku|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/gov-ishakus-absence-from-taraba.html|title=Gov Ishaku’s absence from Taraba|date=2020-02-25|work=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-03-05|archivedate=2020-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306154940/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/gov-ishakus-absence-from-taraba.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.today.ng/news/nigeria/taraba-assembly-passes-vote-confidence-governor-ishaku-282367|title=Taraba Assembly passes vote of confidence on Governor Ishaku|date=2020-02-25|work=TODAY|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Taraba gov dissociates self from insecurity report - The Nation Newspaper|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/taraba-gov-dissociates-self-from-insecurity-report/amp/|accessdate=2022-03-11|work=thenationonlineng.net}}</ref> == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ Ishaku n'abalị 30 Julaị 1954 nye Maazị Ishaku Istifanus yana Oriakụ Naomi na Lupwe na Ussa Local Government Area nke Taraba Steeti. Ọ bụ nwa nke ise n'ime ụmụ iri n'ezinụlọ ya. E debara aha Darius na-eto eto na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị nke St Bartholomew, Wusasa, Zaria, na 1961, ma ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1967. Ọ gara St. Paul's College Kufena, Zaria, maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya, n'afọ 1972 wee gafee nke ọma, nweta asambodo nyocha nke West Africa (WASC). O nwetara nnabata n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọmụmụ ihe na Mahadum Ahmadu Bello, Zaria, n'otu afọ ahụ (1972), maka agụmakwụkwọ ọkwa ya nke bụ ihe achọrọ maka ịbanye na mahadum, ọ gụchara na 1974.. Ọ gara [[Mahadum nke Ahmadu Bello|Mahadum Ahmadu Bello]] (ABU) ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ ma nweta nzere bachelọ na nzere masta na Osisentọala, ọ gara n'ihu iji nweta nzere masta ọzọ na atụmatụ obodo na mpaghara.<ref name="Darius Dickson Ishaku Full Biography">{{Cite web|title=Governor Darius Dickson Ishaku Full Biography|url=http://www.takemetonaija.com/2016/08/governor-darius-dickson-ishaku-full.html|accessdate=17 August 2016|work=takemetonaija.com}}</ref> Darius bụ onye otu Nigerian Institute of Architects (FNIA) bụrụkwa onye otu Nigerian Institute of Town Planners (FNITP). == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Ishaku bụbu onye ozi na-ahụ maka ike, onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi nakwa Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara Niger Delta Affairs tupu ọ gbaa arụkwaghịm ịzọ ọkwa gọvanọ nke Taraba Steeti nke afọ 2015. O meriri na ntuli aka gọvanọ mbụ megide [[Aisha Jummai|Aisha Jumai Alhassan]] nke [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] na David Sabo Kente nke SDP, a họpụtakwara ya dịka Gọvanọ nke [[Ȯra Taraba|Taraba Steeti]] mgbe o meriri na ntuli aka ọzọ. Darius meriri na ntuli aka nke afọ 2015 mana ya na onye omeiwu na-emegide ya bụ Aisha Jumai Alhassan nọ n'ọgụ n'ụlọ ikpe bụ onye kpọgara ya n'ụlọ ikpe ma mgbe ọtụtụ ikpe gasịrị, a kpọrọ Darius onye meriri emeri nke ntuli aka gọvanọ na steeti ahụ na mbido afọ 2016.<ref name="Taraba">{{Cite web|title=Profile of Darius Dickson Ishaku|url=http://candidates.nigeriaelections.org/candidate/profile/candidate/661/me/%20darius%20dickson%20ishaku-/|accessdate=8 June 2016|work=Candidates.nigeriaelections.org|archivedate=15 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815074459/http://candidates.nigeriaelections.org/candidate/profile/candidate/661/me/%20darius%20dickson%20ishaku-/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=John|author=Mkom|title=Rerun election: PDP governorship candidate Darius wins in Taraba|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/04/rerun-election-pdp-governorship-candidate-darius-wins-polling-unit-in-taraba/|accessdate=8 June 2016|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|date=25 April 2015}}</ref> Darius Ishaku nwere ihe ịga nke ọma ọzọ, na agba nke abụọ ya, na ntuli aka gọvanọ nke Machị 2019, ma merie onye iro ya kacha nso bụ Alhaji Abubakar Sani Danladi nke [[All Progressives Congress]] site na ihe karịrị votu 150,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/03/darius-ishaku-wins-second-term-in-taraba/|title=Darius Ishaku wins second term in Taraba|author=Polycarp|first=Nwafor|date=12 March 2019|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|accessdate=14 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tribunal Affirms Darius Dickson Ishaku as winner of Guber poll|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/tribunal-affirms-ishaku-darius-as-winner-of-march-9-guber-poll.html/|work=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]]|date=20 September 2019|accessdate=21 October 2019|archivedate=21 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021162523/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/tribunal-affirms-ishaku-darius-as-winner-of-march-9-guber-poll.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Appeal Court affirms Darius Ishaku as Taraba Governor|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2019/11/18/appeal-court-affirms-darius-ishaku-as-taraba-governor/|work=[[Channels TV]]|date=18 November 2019|accessdate=20 November 2019}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * [[List of Nigerian architects]] * Ndepụta nke ndị gọvanọ nke Taraba Steeti == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ishaku, Dickson Darius}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] cbvpqginfx3f9x8s3ogrbs10fllayl5 0 14380 628546 406755 2026-04-01T13:54:26Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:2010-08-09_Marrakech_54_Romuald_Hazumè.jpg|thumb|2010-08-09 Marrakech 54 Romuald Hazumè]] '''Romuald Hazoumè''' (a mụrụ ya n'afọ 1962 na Porto Novo ) bụ onye [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] na-ese ihe site na mba [[Benin|Republic]] of Bénin, nke a maara nke ọma maka ọrụ ya ''La Bouche du Roi'', mmegharị nke ihe oyiyi nke afọ 1789 nke ụgbọ mmiri ohu ''Brookes'' .<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vTa5dqK7dIUC&pg=PA29&dq=|title=African Art in Detail|author=Christopher Spring|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-674-0362-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qa5PAAAAMAAJ&q=|title=African art now: masterpieces from the Jean Pigozzi Collection|author=André Magnin|publisher=University of Michigan (Merrell)|year=2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=1807 Commemorated|year=2007|url=http://www.history.ac.uk/1807commemorated/exhibitions/art/labouche.html|accessdate=2008-03-06|archivedate=2011-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516121557/http://www.history.ac.uk/1807commemorated/exhibitions/art/labouche.html}}</ref> E gosipụtara ''La Bouche du Roi'' n'ọtụtụ ebe na mba [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] dị ka akụkụ nke ncheta otu narị afọ nke Iwu Azụmahịa Ohu 1807 site n'aka ndị omeiwu. Ọ na-eji naanị ihe eji emegharị emegharị emepụta ọrụ ya. A makwaara Hazoumè maka usoro mkpuchi ya, nke ọ malitere n'etiti afọ 1980. Ihe mkpuchi ndị a, nke e ji mmanụ ụgbọala a tụfuru atụfu mee, yiri ndị a na-eji eme omenala na emume ọdịnala Afrịka. N'ịkọwa ọrụ ndị a, Hazoumè kwuru, sị: “M na-ezighachi ọdịda anyanwụ ihe nke ha, ya bụ, ihe mkpofu nke ọha mmadụ na-azụ ahịa na-awakpo anyị kwa ụbọchị.”<ref name="Caacart">{{Cite web |url=http://www.caacart.com/pigozzi-artist.php?i=Hazoume-Romuald&m=35 |title=CAACart. |accessdate=2022-06-08 |archivedate=2015-12-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222150036/http://www.caacart.com/pigozzi-artist.php?i=Hazoume-Romuald&m=35 }}</ref> Hazoumè so na ndị na-ese ihe na-anọchite anya na The Contemporary African Art Collection (CAAC) nke Jean Pigozzi.<ref name="Caacart"/> == Ihe ngosi ndị a họpụtara == * 2012 ''Cargoland'' - October Gallery, London * 2011 ''Romuald Hazoumè'' * 2010 Romuald Hazoumè: My Paradise - Made in Porto Novo, Gerisch-Stiftung, Neumünster, Germany * 2009 Romuald Hazoumè: Emere na Porto-Novo, October Gallery, London * 2009 ''Ọpụpụ'' Ball, Aliceday, Brussels, Belgium * 2008 ''La Bouche du Roi'', Horniman Museum & Gardens, London * 2007 ''La Bouche du Roi'': Ihe osise nke Romuald Hazoumè, The British Museum, London, England * 2006 ''La Bouche du Roi'', Musée du quai Branly, Paris, France * 2005 ''Romuald Hazoumè Installation Art'', CAISA (City of Helsinki Cultural Office), Helsinki, Finland * 2005 ARTicle 14 - débrouilles-toi, toi-même, October Gallery, London * 2001 ''Romuald'' HazoumèGalerie Olivier Houg, Lyon * 1998 ''Romuald Hazoumè'', Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia * 1997 ''Romuald Hazoumè'', Galerie 20, Arnhem === Otú === * 2010/2011 The Land Between Us, Whitworth Art Gallery, Manchester, UK * 2010/2011 The Global Africa Project, MAD - Museum of Arts and Design, New York * 2010/2011 21st Century: Art in the First Decade, Queensland Art Gallery, Brisbane, Australia * 2010 African Stories, Marrakech Art Fair, Marrakech * 2009 Against Exclusion, 3rd biennale of Contemporary Art, The Garage Center for Contemporary Culture, Moscow, Russia * 2008 ''Angaza Afrika - African Art'' Now, October Gallery, London * 2008 ''PetrodollART'', Galerie Motte et Rouard, Paris, France * 2007/2008 Why Africa?, Pinacoteca Giovanni e Marella Agnelli, Turin, Italy * 2007 UN/FAIR TRADE, Die Kunst der Gerechtigkeit, Neue Galerie Graz am Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz, Austria * 2007 From Courage to Freedom - El Anatsui / Romuald Hazoumè / Owusu-Ankomah, October Gallery, London * 2004-2007 ''Africa Remix'', Dusseldorf; Hayward Gallery, London; Centre pompidou, Paris; Mori Art Museum, Tokyo; Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Johannesburg Art Gallery, Johannesburg, South Africa * 1999 Spaceship Earth, Art in General, New York * 1999 Paradise 8, Exit Art, New York * 1999 Liverpool Biennial: International Festival of Contemporary Art, Liverpool, UK * 1992 Out of Africa: Contemporary African Artists from the Pigozzi Collection, Saatchi, Gallery, London == Ihe nrite na onyinye == * 2009 3rd Biennale of Contemporary Art, Moscow * 2007 Arnold-Bode-Preis, documenta 12, Kassel * 1996 George-Maciunas-Preis, Wiesbaden == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụgụ ọzọ == * Andre Magnin na Jacques Soulilou (ed.), Contemporary ''Art'' of Africa, New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc, 1996. == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200912230325/http://www.octobergallery.co.uk/artists/hazoume/index.shtml "Romuald Hazoumè (Benin)," October Gallery website.] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 9tbz0ajr54lccsqp8e6in4mp47mngg2 0 14849 628674 621502 2026-04-02T11:19:41Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Darius Mutamba''' bụ onye na-ese ihe ọhụụ si mba Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.talenthouse.com/darius-mutamba|title=Darius Mutamba's Profile on Talenthouse|work=Talenthouse|accessdate=2020-02-05|archivedate=2020-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205083440/https://www.talenthouse.com/darius-mutamba}}</ref> Darius bụ onye nta akụkọ nke rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto maka akwụkwọ akụkọ obodo Daily News, ''Daily News'' on Sunday, na ''The Weekend Post'' . Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka onye enyemaka mmepụta maka The Financial Gazette . == Esemokwu == N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2016 Mutamba haziri ''ihe'' ngosi foto na-ese okwu na Harare nke akpọrọ Object of Desire nke lekwasịrị anya n'ụdị mmadụ gba ọtọ. N'ịkwado ọrụ ya, ọ na-ekwu na ịgba ọtọ na-egosipụta "ihe anyị na-ahụkarị na nke zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ka ụmụ mmadụ".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Another nudity exhibition on the cards: Mutamba|date=June 12, 2016|first=Kennedy|author=Nyavaya|url=http://www.thestandard.co.zw/2016/06/12/another-nudity-exhibition-cards-mutamba/|work=thestandard.co.zw}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zbc.co.zw/index.php/news-categories/entertainment/68907-artist-celebrates-the-beauty-of-life-|work=[[Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation]]|title=Artist celebrates the beauty of life|date=June 2, 2016|accessdate=June 12, 2022|archivedate=August 22, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822013054/http://www.zbc.co.zw/index.php/news-categories/entertainment/68907-artist-celebrates-the-beauty-of-life-}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thezimbabwestar.com/2016/05/17/exhibition-puts-spotlight-on-nudity/|work=The Zimbabwe Star|title=Exhibition puts spotlight on nudity|first=Sharon|author=Muguwu|date=May 16, 2016|accessdate=June 12, 2022|archivedate=November 9, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109080654/http://www.thezimbabwestar.com/2016/05/17/exhibition-puts-spotlight-on-nudity/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2016/06/03/chirikure-opens-nudity-exhibition/|title=Chirikure opens nudity exhibition|date=June 3, 2016|first=WINSTONE|author=ANTONIO|work=newsday.co.zw|accessdate=June 12, 2022|archivedate=January 25, 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125033254/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2016/06/03/chirikure-opens-nudity-exhibition}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2015/02/16/daily-news-barred-from-taking-grace-pictures|title=Daily News barred from taking Grace pictures|first=Mugove|author=Tafirenyika|work=dailynews.co.zw|date=February 16, 2015|accessdate=June 12, 2022|archivedate=November 16, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116174625/https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2015/02/16/daily-news-barred-from-taking-grace-pictures}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, e gosipụtara ọrụ ya Silent Voices, nchịkọta foto ojii na nke ọcha iri na ise na akwa na-egosi ụmụaka mba Zimbabwe, na Harare International Festival of the Arts .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.herald.co.zw/student-exhibits-at-hifa/|work=[[The Herald (Zimbabwe)|The Herald]]|title=Student exhibits at Hifa|date=May 5, 2014|first=Yeukai|author=Karengezeka}}</ref> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mutamba, Darius}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] f6s6jiocxpnfxp8gwkugjcvmzka95qu 0 15845 628678 621510 2026-04-02T11:30:14Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dario Calmese''' bụ onye Amerịka na-ese ihe na onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke sitere na [[Mizurị|Missouri]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Testa|first=Jessica|date=2020-07-14|title=The Black Photographer Making History at Vanity Fair|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/style/the-black-photographer-making-history-at-vanity-fair.html|accessdate=2020-07-15}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye Afrịka-Amerịka mbụ sere foto mkpuchi Vanity Fair.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|author=Wheeler|first=André|date=2020-07-18|title=Dario Calmese: Vanity Fair's first black cover photographer on his 'love letter to black women'|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/jul/17/dario-calmese-vanity-fair-first-black-cover-photographer|accessdate=2020-07-21}}</ref> Calmese bụ onye na-elekọta podcast, ''[https://www.blackimagination.com Institute of Black Imagination]''. == Ọrụ == Ọ malitere ise foto n'afọ 2012 mgbe ọ na-aga School of Visual Arts.<ref name=":0" /> Foto ya nke onye na-anakọta ejiji na Harlem bụ Lana Turner bụ akụkụ nke ihe ngosi pụrụ iche n'afọ 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bobb|first=Brooke|title=For Harlem Fashion Icon Lana Turner, Dressing Up for Sunday Service Means Vintage Yves Saint Laurent|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/dario-calmese-lana-turner-vintage-amongst-friends|accessdate=2020-07-15|work=Vogue|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=LensCulture|first=dario Calmese {{!}}|title=Harlem Socialite, Lana Turner - Photographs by Dario Calmese|url=https://www.lensculture.com/articles/dario-calmese-harlem-socialite-lana-turner|accessdate=2020-07-21|work=LensCulture}}</ref> N'afọ 2013 ọ ghọrọ onye nduzi maka ihe ngosi ejiji nke Kerby Jean-Raymond na onye nduzi. N'afọ 2019, ọ duziri ihe ngosi Pyer Moss na Kings Theater na Brooklyn.<ref name=":0" /> Maka mkpuchi Julaị/Ọgọọst ai 2020 nke Vanity Fair, o sere foto Viola Davis. Calmese arụwokwa ọrụ maka Vanity Fair n'oge gara aga, ọ bụ ezie na nke a bụ mkpuchi magazin mbụ ya, na mkpuchi magazin nke mbụ maka Vanity fair nke onye na-ese foto n'Afrịka-Amerịka gbara. Ọ gbagburu onye na-eme ihe nkiri Billy Porter, onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri George MacKay<ref>{{Cite web|author=Daniels|first=Karu F.|title=With striking Viola Davis ‘slave portrait’ imagery, Dario Calmese is Vanity Fair’s first black photographer|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/snyde/ny-dario-calmese-first-black-vanity-fair-cover-viola-davis-20200715-5z6bjzym4bcnhhldzycecygtyi-story.html|accessdate=2020-07-21|work=nydailynews.com}}</ref> na onye na-ahụ maka Broadway Adrienne Warren maka magazin ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Guy|first=Jack|title=Viola Davis stars in Vanity Fair's first cover shot by a Black photographer|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/vanity-fair-black-photographer-dario-calmese-viola-davis-scli-intl/index.html|accessdate=2020-07-21|work=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2020-07-14|title=Dario Calmese makes history as first Black photographer to shoot Vanity Fair cover|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2020-07-14/dario-calmese-first-black-photographer-to-shoot-vanity-fair-cover|accessdate=2020-07-21|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Calmese, Dario}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] h0qp6jnrml8yborpw102qjm5vqq72wb 0 16942 628640 129234 2026-04-02T03:45:02Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sandra Aikaruwa Mushi''' (a mụrụ n'afọ 1974) bụ onye edemede Tanzania, ọkachasị nke uri na akụkọ mkpirikpi. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Mushi na Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, n'afọ 1974.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2016|title=SANDRA AIKARUWA MUSHI|url=http://www.iidprofessions.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/CV-SANDRA-AIKARUWA-MUSHI02.pdf|work=The African Institute of the Interior Design Professions}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|author=Mushi, Sandra A., 1974-|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/275156051|title=The rhythmn [sic] of my rhyme : reflections of a contemporary young woman in Tanzania|date=2008|publisher=Andika Afrika Publishers|isbn=978-9987-9155-1-4|location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania|oclc=275156051}}</ref> Ọ nọrọ n'etiti United Kingdom, Tanzania, na Botswana mgbe ọ bụ nwata.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2014-03-10|title=A Personal Conversation with Sandra Mushi Tanzania's Celebrated Poet, Author and Interior Designer|url=http://www.chicamod.com/2014/03/10/personal-conversation-sandra-mushi-tanzanias-celebrated-author-poet/|accessdate=2020-11-23|work=Chicamod|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-12-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231220352/http://www.chicamod.com/2014/03/10/personal-conversation-sandra-mushi-tanzanias-celebrated-author-poet/}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ idozi ime ụlọ na South Africa na Cape Technikon, wee malite ọrụ dịka onye na-emepụta ime ụlọ.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|author=Mhagama|first=Hilda|date=2014-12-06|title=Sandra Mushi: Tanzanians Lack Reading Culture|work=Daily News|url=https://www.dailynews.co.tz/news/sandra-mushi-tanzanians-lack-reading-culture.aspx}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Sandra A Mushi|url=https://www.seattlestar.net/author/sandmasn/|accessdate=2020-11-23|work=The Seattle Star|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-05-29|title=Shattered Dreams: Fiction by Sandra A. Mushi|url=https://www.africanwriter.com/shattered-dreams-fiction-by-sandra-a-mushi/|accessdate=2020-11-23|work=AfricanWriter.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-08-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824072038/https://www.africanwriter.com/shattered-dreams-fiction-by-sandra-a-mushi/}}</ref> Ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na imewe, Mushi malitere ọrụ dịka onye edemede. O bipụtara akụkọ na uri na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ dị iche iche, gụnyere na JENdA: A Journal of Culture and African Women Studies na site na Africa Knowledge Project na nzukọ edemede SOMA.<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite book|author=Tchokothe, Remi Armand.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/870962546|title=Transgression in Swahili narrative fiction and its reception|year=2014|isbn=978-3-643-90393-8|location=Zürich|oclc=870962546}}</ref> O deela kọlụm na ime ụlọ maka The Citizen na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ nke Tanzania. E tinyere ọrụ ya na anthology Reflections: An Anthology of New Work nke African Women Poets n'afọ 2013.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":2" /> Akwụkwọ mbụ ya, nchịkọta uri The ''Rhythmn'' of My Rhyme, bụ nke Andika Afrika bipụtara n'afọ 2008.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":4"/> Ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ma ederede na-ezighi ezi nke "Rhythm" bụ ebumnuche.<ref name=":1"/> Akwụkwọ ya nke abụọ, Stains on My Khanga, bụ nchịkọta akụkọ na uri dị mkpirikpi ma bipụta ya n'afọ 2014.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Mushi|first=Sandra Aikaruwa|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/stains-on-my-khanga/oclc/919194756|title=Stains on my khanga|date=2014|isbn=978-0-620-58475-3|language=en|oclc=919194756}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|author=Osofisan|first=Sola|date=2015-01-20|title=Sandra A. Mushi: The Survival of Women is Still at the Mercy of Men|url=https://www.africanwriter.com/sandra-a-mushi-the-survival-of-women-is-still-at-the-mercy-of-men/|accessdate=2020-11-23|work=AfricanWriter.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite news|date=2014-10-28|title=MEET THE AUTHOR: Oh! Some stains on my khanga...|work=The Citizen}}</ref> A na-ahazi Mushi dịka onye dị mkpa na-enye aka na akwụkwọ Tanzanian nke oge a, ọkachasị n'etiti ndị edemede nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-10-19|title=Raising next generation of writers|work=The Citizen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Mngodo|first=Esther|date=2014-12-27|title=Women made big strides but still have miles to go|work=The Citizen}}</ref> A na-akọwa ihe odide ya mgbe ụfọdụ dịka satire, na-elekwasị anya na ndụ ụmụ nwanyị kwa ụbọchị. Ọ kọwara onwe ya n'oge gara aga dịka "ọ bụghị onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị ma ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe ike," mana o mechara kwuo [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] iji kwuo, "Anyị niile kwesịrị ịbụ ndị na-ahụkarị ụmụ nwanyị". Ọ na-ede akwụkwọ n'asụsụ [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]], na ụfọdụ Swahili n'ọrụ ya. Ọrụ ya mechara bụrụkwa nke siri ike karị, na-emekarị ihe ike n'ụlọ na ọgụ ndị ọzọ ụmụ nwanyị na-eche ihu.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":3"/><ref name=":5"/><ref name=":6"/><ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-02-03|title=Kiswahili finally on the map|work=The Citizen}}</ref> == Edemsibịa == <references /> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2f349hpp4vp2f2agzhew9l0zk08aw1u 0 17379 628616 208151 2026-04-01T22:23:04Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Purvis Young''' (n'ubochí anọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị, 1943 rụo ụbọchị irí abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel, 2010) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe site na mpaghara Overtown nke Miami, Florida. Ọrụ Young, nke na-abụkarị ngwakọta nke collage na eserese, na-eji ihe ndị a chọtara na ahụmịhe nke [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ndị Africa America]] nọ na ndịda. Young nwetara nkwado dị ka ónyé na-ese ihe n'oge a, yana ndị na-anakọta ihe gụnyere Jane Fonda, Damon Wayans, Jim Belushi, Dan Aykroyd, na ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2006, e mepụtara ihe ngosi akpọrọ ''Purvis'' of Overtown banyéré ndụ ya na ọrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Purvis Young {{!}} Souls Grown Deep|url=https://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/purvis-young|accessdate=2021-04-06|work=www.soulsgrowndeep.org}}</ref> A na-ahụ ọrụ ya na nchịkọta nke American Folk Art Museum, Corcoran Gallery of Art, High Museum of Art, National Museum of African American History and Culture, Philadelphia Museum of Art. N'afọ 2018, a nabatara ya na Florida Artists Hall of Fame.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dos.myflorida.com/cultural/programs/florida-artists-hall-of-fame/purvis-young/|title=Purvis Young - Division of Arts and Culture - Florida Department of State|work=dos.myflorida.com}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Purvis Young na Liberty City, mpaghara Miami, Florida, n'ubochí abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị, 1943.<ref name="LaLuz">{{Cite web|title=Purvis Young: Simply Iconic|publisher=La Luz de Jesus Gallery|url=http://www.laluzdejesus.com/shows/2011/Simply-Iconic/Young2011.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926041553/http://www.laluzdejesus.com/shows/2011/Simply-Iconic/Young2011.htm|archivedate=26 September 2011|accessdate=26 September 2011}}</ref> Dị ka nwata nwoke, nwanne nnà ya mèrè ka ọ márá ise ihe, mana Young enweghị mmasị ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Obit">{{cite web | title=Purvis Young| work=Obituaries | publisher=Art in America | url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51362751&site=ehost-live | accessdate=26 September 2011}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.<ref name="NYTObit">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/24/arts/24young.html?scp=1&sq=%22Purvis%20Young%22&st=cse|title=Purvis Young, Folk Artist Who Peppered Miami with Images, Dies at 67|author=Bruce Weber|date=24 Apr 2010|work=Arts|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=4 September 2011}}</ref> Dị ka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, Young nọrọ afọ atọ (1961), n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na North Florida's Raiford State Penitentiary maka imebi na ịbanye.<ref name="Greaves">{{Cite web|title=Purvis Young.|publisher=Foundation for Self-Taught American Artists|url=http://www.foundationstaart.org/artist_single.aspx?artist=12|accessdate=26 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813075337/http://www.foundationstaart.org/artist_single.aspx?artist=12|archivedate=13 August 2009}}</ref> Mgbè ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ ga-enwetaghachi mmasị ya na nka wee malite ise ihe na ịmụ akwụkwọ nka. Mgbè a tọhapụrụ ya, ọ malitere imepụta ọtụtụ puku obere ihe osise, nke ọ debere n'ụgbọ ahịa ma mesịa tinye ya n'ime akwụkwọ na magazin ndị a tụfuru atụfu nke ọ hụrụ n'okporo ámá.<ref name="A388">Arnett, 388.</ref> Ọ gàrà n'ihu kwaga n'ógbè Overtown nke Miami.<ref name="A389">Arnett, 389.</ref> Young dọtara mmasị n'otu okporo ụzọ tọgbọrọ n'efu a na-akpọ Goodbread Alley, nke akpọrọ aha ụlọ ọrụ na-eme achịcha na Jamaica nke bi n'okporo ámá ahụ; ọ malitere ibi n'ebe ahụ na 1971.<ref name="A388" /><ref>Arnett, 392.</ref> == N'etiti ọrụ == Na mbido afọ 1970, Young nwetara mkpali na mmegharị mural nké Chicago na Detroit, wee kpebie ịmepụta mural nke Overtown.<ref name="A389">Arnett, 389.</ref><ref name="A390">Arnett, 390.</ref> Ọ dịghị mgbè ọ na-ese ihe, mana mmụọ kpaliri ya wee malite ịmepụta ihe osise ma kpọgide ha n'ihu ụlọ ahịa ndị e ji osisi rụọ nke mejupụtara okporo ụzọ ahụ.<ref name="SunObit">{{Cite news|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2010-04-21/entertainment/sfl-ent-purvis-young-obit-042010_1_purvis-young-urban-storyteller-suzanne-khalil|title=South Florida folk artist Purvis Young dead at 67|author=Robert Nolin & Ben Crandell|date=21 April 2010|work=[[Sun-Sentinel]]|accessdate=25 September 2011}}</ref><ref name="A390" /> Ọ na-ese ihe na osisi ọ hụrụ n'okporo ámá na mgbe ụfọdụ ihe osise ga-apụ na mgbidi, mana Young enweghị mmasị. Ihe dị ka afọ abụọ mgbè ha malitere mgbidi ahụ, ndị njem nleta malitere ileta okporo ụzọ ahụ, ọkachasị ndị njem nlegharị ányà ọcha. Site n'oge ruo n'oge, Young na-ere ihe osise nye ndị ọbịa - ndị njem nleta na ndị na-anakọta ihe - ozugbo na mgbidi.<ref name="A393">Arnett, 393.</ref> Ihe osise ahụ dọtara uche ndị mgbasa ozi, gụnyere uche nke ónyé ọgaranya Bernard Davis, ónyé nwé Miami Art Museum. Davis ghọrọ ónyé nkwado nke Young, na-enyekwa ya ihe osise. Davis nwụrụ na 1973, na-ahapụ Young ka ọ bụrụ ónyé ama ama na Miami. == Ọrụ ikpeazụ na ọnwụ == Na ngwụcha afọ 1990 na mmalite afọ 2000, ọ nyochara ihe ndị ọzọ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ site n'ile ihe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme banyéré agha, Great Depression, azụmahịa, na esemokwu na ọgụ ndị American Indian na United States.<ref name="A390">Arnett, 390.</ref> N'afọ 1999, ezinụlọ Rubell, ndị a ma ama na-anakọta ihe osise na New York, zụrụ ihe niile dị na ụlọ ọrụ Young, nchịkọta nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ puku atọ.<ref name="Rubell">{{Cite web|title=Inside the Rubell Family|publisher=[[Art in America]]|url=http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-opinion/conversations/2009-12-04/rubell-family/|accessdate=26 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405115718/http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-opinion/conversations/2009-12-04/rubell-family/|archivedate=5 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="NYTObit"/> N'afọ 2008, Rubells nyere ọrụ 108 na Morehouse College<ref name="Morehouse">{{Cite web|url=http://www.purvisyoungny.com/news/rubell-family-grants-purvis-young-collection-to-morehouse-college/|title=Rubell Family Grants Purvis Young Collection to Morehouse College|author=Catherine Fox|date=14 August 2008|publisher=Purvis Young New York|accessdate=25 September 2011|archivedate=21 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221130104/http://www.purvisyoungny.com/news/rubell-family-grants-purvis-young-collection-to-morehouse-college/}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2007, a họọrọ Purvis dị ka ihe ngosi Art Miami Fair's Director's Choice Exhibition, nke Grace Cafe na Galleries na Bergman Collection kwadoro, na Miami Beach Convention Center. Young nyekwara aka guzobe ọtụtụ ngosi nka n'èzí na South Florida nke na-aga n'ihu taa. Young na-arịa ọrịa shuga, na n'afọ ndị ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, o nwèrè nsogbụ ahụike ndị ọzọ, a na-etinye ya akụrụ n'afọ 2007. Ọ nwụrụ na Eprel 20, 2010 na Miami, site na nkwụsị obi na ọzịza nke akpa ume. Onye mmekọ ya Eddie Mae Lovest; ụmụnne ya nwanyị abụọ Betty Rodriguez na Shirley Byrd, nwanne ya nwoke Irvin Byrd, ụmụ nwanyị anọ, na ụmụ nwanyị irí na atọ.<ref name="NYTObit"/> === Nchịkọta ọha na eze === * Ebe Obibi Pompidou<ref>{{Cite web|title=purvis young {{!}} Centre Pompidou|url=https://www.centrepompidou.fr/en/ressources/oeuvre/TpXsvzg}}</ref> * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Los Angeles County<ref>{{Cite web|title=purvis young {{!}} Los Angeles County Museum of Art|url=https://collections.lacma.org/node/2114138}}</ref> * Metropolitan Museum of Art<ref>{{Cite web|title=purvis young {{!}} Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/653760?sortBy=Relevance&amp;ft=Purvis+Young&amp;offset=0&amp;rpp=40&amp;pos=2}}</ref> * Ụlọ Ọrụ Nkà nke Minneapolis<ref>{{Cite web|title=purvis young {{!}} Minneapolis Institute of Art|url=https://collections.artsmia.org/search/purvis%20young|accessdate=2021-02-06|work=collections.artsmia.org}}</ref> * Smithsonian<ref>{{Cite web|title=purvis young {{!}} Smithsonian|url=https://americanart.si.edu/artist/purvis-young-6327}}</ref> * Whitney<ref>{{Cite web|title=purvis young {{!}} Whitney|url=https://whitney.org/artists/8186}}</ref> == Ihe edeturu == {{Reflist|2}} == Edensibia == * Arnett, Paul, na William S. Arnett. Souls Grown Deep, Mpịakọta 1: African American Vernacular Art of the South. Tinwood Books: Atlanta (2000).  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-9653766-0-5|0-9653766-0-5]] oy05mpmf9cs1dk0aypv1b24cgdbj8c9 0 18126 628574 93097 2026-04-01T20:05:57Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Penny Ford (nke a makwaara dị ka '''Pennye Ford''', amụrụ na June 11, 1964) bụ ónyé America na-agụ egwu na-ede egwu, ónyé na-egwu ọtụtụ ngwá egwu, na ónyé na-emepụta ihe ndekọ. A mụrụ ya ma zụlite ya na Cincinnati, Ohio, ọ ghọrọ ónyé a ma ama na 1980s mgbè ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Total Experience Records ma wepụta abọm mbụ ya ''Pennye''. Abọm ahụ wepụtara egwu "Change Your Wicked Way" na "Dangerous", nke Ford mepụtara ma dee. Ọ nwetara aha mba ụwa dị ka ónyé na-agụ egwú nke otu Eurodance Snap!. N'ịbụ ndị Michael Münzing na Luca Anzilotti na-achịkwa ma mepụta, otu ahụ wepụtara abọm izizi ha World Power na 1990, nke rere ihe karịrị nde 7 n'ụwa niile ma ghọọ otu n'ime abọm ịgba egwu kachasị mmá ruo ugbu a.<ref name="mn2s">[https://mn2s.com/booking-agency/live-roster/snap/ Snap! Biography]. Milk ‘n’ 2 Sugars. Retrieved on January 10, 2017</ref> Abọm ahụ nwere egwu "The Power", "Ooops Up", "Cult of Snap", na "Mary Had a Little Boy", nké rere ihe karịrị nde ndekọ itoolu.<ref name="billboard">[http://www.billboard.com/artist/328482/penny-ford/biography Penny Ford - Biography]. Billboard. Retrieved on January 8, 2017</ref> Snap!'s hiatus hụrụ ntọhapụ nke abọm nke abụọ nke Ford, ''Penny Ford'' (1993), nke guzobere ya dị ka onye na-ese egwu n'onwe ya n'ụwa niile ma gosipụta egwu "Daydreaming" na "I Lose Control". Ford bụkwa ónyé otu Klymaxx na Soul II Soul. N'afọ 2006, ọ laghachiri na Snap! wee soro ha gaa njem nlegharị ányà n'ụwa niile. N'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ, Ford ereela ihe karịrị nde iri na isii.<ref name="mn2s">[https://mn2s.com/booking-agency/live-roster/snap/ Snap! Biography]. Milk ‘n’ 2 Sugars. Retrieved on January 10, 2017</ref><ref name="billboard">[http://www.billboard.com/artist/328482/penny-ford/biography Penny Ford - Biography]. Billboard. Retrieved on January 8, 2017</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Penny Ford na Cincinnati, [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]], n'aka Carolyn Griffith (née Ford), ónyé na-ezisa ozi ọma, na Gene Redd, Sr., ónyé isi ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ na onye na-emepụta ihe.<ref name="songfacts">[http://www.songfacts.com/blog/interviews/penny_ford_of_snap_/ Penny Ford of Snap! : Songwriter Interviews - Songfacts]. SongFacts. Retrieved on January 8, 2017</ref> Nwanne nwanyị Penny nke okenye, Sharon Redd, bụkwa ónyé na-agụ egwu. Ford attended St. Mark Catholic School in Cincinnati, where she enrolled in dance and music classes. Her interest in music and performing continued after winning a talented teen pageant at a young age, reading a Maya Angelou piece and singing George Gershwin's "Summertime" to beat other contestants.<ref name= "blogcritics">[http://blogcritics.org/interview-penny-ford-the-power-of/ Interview: Penny Ford – The Power of Experience]. Blog Critics. Retrieved on January 9, 2017</ref> In 1979, she snuck into a local club where she landed a job as a background singer for electro-funk group Zapp as part of a Parliament-Funkadelic World Funk Tour at age 14.<ref name="blogcritics" /> After graduating from high school at age 16, she traveled to Los Angeles, where she auditioned at a studio for Motown and was given a job as a demo singer.<ref name="billboard" /><ref name="blogcritics" /> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2rsht8rtle7f6i6imn73p3mvtidtmzt 0 18360 628544 202511 2026-04-01T13:44:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628544 wikitext text/x-wiki Rogo (nakwa Urogo, Burogo, Ucanja Kamuku)[1] bụ asụsụ Kainji nke Naijiria. A na-asụ ya gburugburu obodo Ucanja dị na mpaghara ọchịchị Rafi na Mariga nke steeti Niger, yana Birnin Gwari LGA nke steeti Kaduna gbara agbata obi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sl_dDVctycgC&dq=Rogo+language+kainji&pg=RA1-PA348|title=International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: AAVE-Esperanto. Vol. 1|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195139778|pages=348|language=en}}</ref> Aha Rogo nwere ike izo aka na ụdị asụsụ abụọ, ya bụ ụdị [[Kamuku|Cinda-Regi]] na ụdị ọzọ na-abụghị Cinda-Degi.<ref name="Blench">{{Cite web|author=Blench|first=Roger|url=http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Kainji/General/Kainji%20language%20overview.pdf|title=The Kainji languages of northwestern and central Nigeria|publisher=Kay Williamson Educational Foundation|year=2012|accessdate=2025-03-13|archivedate=2020-04-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409170929/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Kainji/General/Kainji%20language%20overview.pdf}}</ref> == Edemside == rup5v6k7diqhfn21jo1wrm88j36sff3 0 18436 628637 596036 2026-04-02T03:14:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Samson Kambalu''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1975) bụ onye na-ese ihe, ọkà mmụta na onye edemede a mụrụ na Malawi nke zụrụ dị ka ezigbo onye na-eme ihe nkiri na ethnomusicologist na Mahadum nke [[Malawi|Malawi's]] Chancellor College .<ref>[http://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/member-of-staff/samson-kambalu Professor Samson Kambalu: Magdalen University]</ref> Ọ bụ Fellow nke Magdalen College, Oxford. == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Kambalu na Malawi, ebe ọ gara Kamuzu Academy, "Eton nke Africa".<ref>[[Kamuzu Academy]]</ref> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Malawi's Chancellor College, Zomba na afọ 1999. Kambalu gụsịrị MA ya na Fine Art na Mahadum Nottingham Trent na afọ 2003 wee dee PhD ya na Chelsea College of Art and Design, na-ele anya n'otú nsogbu nke onyinye na akụ na ụba n'ozuzu si emegharị akụkụ dị iche iche nke ọrụ nka ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.arts.ac.uk/chelsea/2015/04/01/phd-student-samson-kambalu-to-exhibit-at-venice-2015/|title=PhD student Samson Kambalu to exhibit at Venice 2015 – Chelsea College of Arts Blog|work=blogs.arts.ac.uk|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-20|archivedate=2016-07-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715102236/http://blogs.arts.ac.uk/chelsea/2015/04/01/phd-student-samson-kambalu-to-exhibit-at-venice-2015/}}</ref> Ọrụ Kambalu, nke na-ezo aka na Situationism na omenala Chewa Nyau nke obodo ya Malawi, na apụta na mgbasa ozi dị iche iche, site na eserese, eserese, ntinye, vidiyo na akwụkwọ na arụmọrụ.<ref>Aloisia Leopardi, [http://griotmag.com/en/game-changers-samson-kambalu-idea-play-art-life/ ''Game Changers: Samson Kambalu and his idea of play in art and life''], Griot, 31 March 2016</ref><ref>Roxana Azimi, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170424121427/http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/05/07/afrique-a-venise-3-sombres-et-majestueux-futurs-d-okwui-enwezor_4629710_3212.html ''L’Afrique à Venise (3) : sombres et majestueux « futurs » d’Okwui Enwezor''], [[Le Monde]], 7 May 2015</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.blouinartinfo.com/galleryguide/283133/305321/event/1368884 |title=Blouin ArtInfo art listing |accessdate=2022-07-16 |archivedate=2016-05-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529131034/http://www.blouinartinfo.com/galleryguide/283133/305321/event/1368884 }}</ref> Otu n'ime ihe osise ya a ma ama bụ Holy Ball, bọọlụ a na-etinye na peeji nke Bible.<ref>Massa Lemu, [http://www.stedelijkstudies.com/journal/play-and-the-profane/ Play and the Profane in Samson Kambalu's Holyballs, Holyballism and (Bookworm) The Fall of Man]</ref> Kambalu mere ihe ngosi nke 24 "Holy Balls" na Chancellor College n'afọ 2000 ebe ọ kpọrọ ndị nleta ka ha mee ihe na ịchụpụ ndị mmụọ ọjọọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vmcaa.nl/vm/magazine/001/artikel002/|title=Virtual Museum Of Contemporary African Art|work=www.vmcaa.nl|accessdate=2017-12-20}}</ref> Kemgbe ahụ, ọ gosipụtara ọrụ ya na mba ụwa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.katemacgarry.com/artists/samson-kambalu/|title=SAMSON KAMBALU - Kate Macgarry|work=Kate Macgarry|accessdate=2017-12-20|language=en-GB}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, a gụnyere ya na [[Okwui Enwezor|Okwui Enwezor's]] All the World's Futures na 56th Venice Biennale.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://labiennale.org/en/mediacenter/video/56-25.html|title=Biennale Channel|date=2017-03-06|work=La Biennale di Venezia|accessdate=2017-12-20|language=en}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2015, otu onye ọka ikpe nọ na Venice jụrụ mkpesa nke onye Itali na-ahụ maka ọnọdụ Gianfranco Sanguinetti tinyere megide Venice Biennale na Kambalu n'ihe gbasara enweghị ikike na oke nke Sanguineti niile maka otu n'ime nrụnye Kambalu, Sanguinett Breakout Area.<ref>Raffaella Pelligrino, [http://www.artribune.com/2015/12/gianfranco-sanguinetti-samson-kambalu-biennale-venezia-tribunale/ "Gianfranco Sanguinetti contro la Biennale di Venezia"], Artribune, 28 December 2015</ref><ref>Roxana Azimi, [http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/10/19/l-ecrivain-italien-sanguinetti-porte-plainte-contre-la-biennale-de-venise_4792574_3212.html "L’écrivain italien Sanguinetti porte plainte contre la Biennale de Venise"], [[Le Monde]], 19 October 2015</ref> Kambalu's Nyau Cinema bụ usoro ''ihe nkiri'' dị mkpirikpi nke ihe ngosi psychogeographical, nke a na-ekerịta dị ka ntinye aka na saịtị netwọk mmekọrịta na dị ka ntinye na gallery.<ref>Eric Loret, [http://cafedesimages.fr/samson-kambalu-souverain-du-cinema-nyau/ "Samson Kambalu, souverain du cinéma «nyau»"], Cafe des Images, 8 September 2015</ref> A kọwawo ihe ndị a dị ka "iberibe ihe nkiri nke na-agwakọta slapstick na ememe ime mmụọ".<ref>Louisa Buck, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150529132923/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/art/73228/venice-biennale-highlights-and-best-of-the-rest.html "Venice Biennale: highlights and best of the rest"], [[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]], 29 May 2015</ref> Akwụkwọ mbụ ya, akụkọ ndụ onwe ''onye'' nke akpọrọ The Jive Talker or How to Get a British Passport, bụ nke Jonathan Cape (Random House) bipụtara na Julaị, na afọ 2008, na Ọgọstụ, na afọ 2008 site na Free Press (Simon & Schuster).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bookforum.com/inprint/015_03/2766|title=The Jive Talker: An Artist's Genesis|work=Bookforum|accessdate=2017-12-20|language=en-US}}</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke abụọ, Uccello's Vineyard, nke e bipụtara na afọ 2012, dị na The Book Lovers, nchịkọta akwụkwọ akụkọ ''ndị'' na-ese ihe na Museum of Contemporary Art na Antwerp.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Uccellos-Vineyard-Samson-Kambalu-ebook/dp/B009Z48N2Y?ie=UTF8&*Version*=1&*entries*=0|title=Uccello's Vineyard|author=Kambalu|first=Samson|date=2012-10-30|publisher=Appleluck|edition=1st|language=English}}</ref><ref>[http://ensembles.mhka.be/items/8136 M HKA Ensembles: ''Uccello's Vineyard'']</ref> Kambalu na-anọchite anya Kate MacGarry na London na Galerie Nordenhake na Stockholm.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.katemacgarry.com/artists/samson-kambalu/|title=SAMSON KAMBALU - Kate Macgarry|work=Kate Macgarry|accessdate=2017-12-20|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nordenhake.com/php/artist.php?RefID=268|title=Samson Kambalu at GALERIE NORDENHAKE {{!}} Berlin — Stockholm|work=www.nordenhake.com|language=en|accessdate=2017-12-20}}</ref> Na 5 Julaị 2021, a mara ọkwa na ahọpụtara ihe osise Kambalu dị ka onye na-esote ịnọ n'ọkwa nke anọ na Trafalgar Square na etiti London site na Septemba 2022 ruo 2024. Ihe osise ahụ, nke akpọrọ ''Antelope'', weghachiri foto na afọ 1914 nke onye nkwusa Baptist na onye pan-Africanist John Chilembwe na onye ozi ala ọzọ Europe John Chorley. Chilembwe na-eyi okpu n'omume nnupụisi, n'ihi na nke a bụ iwu na-akwadoghị n'oge ahụ. == Ihe ngosi == === Selected solo exhibitions === * 2017 Red Barn Farm, Galerie Nordenhake, Stockholm, Sweden<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nordenhake.com/php/exhibition.php?id=267&year=2017|title=Red Barn Farm}}</ref> * 2015 Ihe omuma ihe omuma Nyau, Gallery U Mloka, Olomouc, Czech Republic * 2015 Ihe ngosi abụọ: Nyau Cinema, Schirn Kunsthalle, Frankfurt, Germany * 2014 ''Mmiri ozuzo'', Stevenson Johannesburg, South Africa * 2012 Obodo Tattoo: Isiakwụkwọ Atọ Mbụ (ya na ndị ọbịa), Castlefield Gallery, Manchester, UK * 2000 Omume na Ịchụpụ Mmụọ Ọjọọ, Chancellor College, Zomba, Malawi === Ihe ngosi ndị a họọrọ === * 2016 Liverpool Biennial, Liverpool, UK<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.biennial.com/2016/exhibition/artists/samson-kambalu|title=Artists {{!}} Liverpool Biennial: Festival of Contemporary Art|work=www.biennial.com|language=en|accessdate=2017-12-20|archivedate=2017-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052816/http://www.biennial.com/2016/exhibition/artists/samson-kambalu}}</ref> * 2016 Ihe ngosi abụọ nke Dakar, Dakar, Senegal<ref>[http://dakart.net/lexposition-internationale/ L’exposition internationale]</ref> * 2016 A tụfuru ya na achọta ya, Paradiso, Amsterdam, Netherlands * 2015 A na-etinye ya ''n'ime'' ụlọ, Nikolaj Kunsthal, Copenhagen, Denmark * 2015 50/50, New Church Museum, Cape Town, South Africa<ref>Thuli Gamedze, [http://artthrob.co.za/2016/02/01/giving-renewed-attention-to-old-voices-5050-at-the-new-church-museum/ ''Giving renewed attention to old voices?''], Arthrob, 1 February 2016</ref> * 2015 Transformation Marathon, Serpentine Galleries, London * 2015 ''Ihe osise'', Stevenson Cape Town, South Africa * 2015 Ihe Ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu, Venice Biennale, Italy<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://labiennale.org/en/mediacenter/video/56-25.html|title=Biennale Channel|date=2017-03-06|work=La Biennale di Venezia|accessdate=2017-12-20|language=en}}</ref><ref>Sean O'Toole, [http://www.contemporaryand.com/magazines/africa-from-afar/ Africa from afar], Contemporary And, 29 May 2015</ref> * 2014 Akụkọ banyere ''Chroma'', Stevenson Cape Town, South Africa * 2014 Ihe ngosi abụọ nke Dakar, Dakar, Senegal * 2004 ''Bloomberg New Contemporaries'', Liverpool, UK<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newcontemporaries.org.uk/2004|title=2004 {{!}} New Contemporaries|work=www.newcontemporaries.org.uk|language=en|accessdate=2017-12-20|archivedate=2017-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051834/http://www.newcontemporaries.org.uk/2004}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ === * 2012 Uccello's Vineyard. ASIN: B009Z48N2Y * 2008 The Jive Talker ma ọ bụ, Otu esi enweta paspọtụ Britain. === Isiokwu === * 2015, Ịbanye n'Ámá Egwuregwu: Ọdịnihu Ụwa niile, Nkà na Ọdịbendị, South Korea, na Contemporary And<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.artinculture.kr/magazine/199|title=2015. 06 — Art In Culture|author=deerstep|work=www.artinculture.kr|accessdate=2017-12-20|archivedate=2017-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222105030/http://www.artinculture.kr/magazine/199}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.contemporaryand.com/magazines/entering-the-arena-all-the-worlds-future/|title=Entering the Arena: All the World's Future {{!}} Contemporary And|work=www.contemporaryand.com|language=de|accessdate=2017-12-20}}</ref> * 2014, Great African Minds: Dr Charles Chanthunya, Peter Hammer Verlag * 2013, The Museum and the Individual, edemede na Meschac Gaba's Museum of Contemporary African Art, Tate Modern<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-modern/exhibition/meschac-gaba-museum-contemporary-african-art/viewpoint-samson|title=Viewpoint: Samson Kambalu {{!}} Tate|author=Tate|work=Tate|accessdate=2017-12-20|language=en-GB}}</ref> * 2011, Der skurrile Diktator, Kulturaustausch, IFA, Germany * 2010, Dr Albert Schweitzer's Troublesome Young Brother, Kulturaustausch, IFA, Germany * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * 2009, ''Omume'' na-ekwu na ndị Malawi nọ na ntụrụndụ, Kulturaustausch, IFA, Germany == Ebe obibi, mkpakọrịta na onyinye == * 2015, Mmekọrịta nyocha, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of African Art, Washington DC, USA * 2014, Mmekọrịta nyocha, Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, USA * 2013, AHRC PhD Research Award, UK * 200510, Ebe obibi ọkụ, ACME, London, UK * 2004, Decibel Visual Arts Award, Arts Council * 2000, Thami Mnyele Artist Residency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands == Ihe edeturu na ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * [http://www.katemacgarry.com/artists/samson-kambalu/ Kate MacGarry: Samson Kambalu] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110519210423/http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/catalog/author.htm?authorID=52118 Ụlọ Na-enweghị Isi] * [http://www.simonsays.com/content/destination.cfm?tab=1&pid=585364 Simon & Schuster] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210121090705/https://contemporaryand.com/person/samson-kambalu/ Na nke Oge a: Samson Kambalu] * Giles Foden, "Good news from Africa", nyocha nke The Jive Talker, ''The Guardian'', 23 August 2008. * Susan Williams, "The Jive Talker, nke Samson Kambalu Portrait of the artist as a young African" (review), The Independent, 4 July 2008. * Aminatta Forna, "Ntụle: The Jive Talker nke Samson Kambalu", ''The Telegraph'', 10 August 2008. * Massa Lemu, "N'ihi na onye na-azụ anụ, ụwa dum bụ ogige egwuregwu. [http://www.contemporaryand.com/magazines/for-the-ranter-the-whole-world-is-a-playground/ Na mkparịta ụka ya na Samson Kambalu]", Contemporary And, 13 February 2014. [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mzz29n6j7ngoudzhgl9wtkwsagu90p4 0 18745 628651 182705 2026-04-02T06:48:17Z Olugold 12202 Olugold moved page [[Ofe akwụ]] to [[Ofe akwụ (Banga)]] 182705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:A picture of palm fruit.jpg|thumb|Mkpuru akwu ka eji esi ofe akwu]] Mkpụrụ osisi nkwụ bụ ofe e ji '''mkpụrụ osisi nkwụ''' mee ma ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'obodo Afrịka.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Saffery|first=D.|title=The Ghana Cookery Book|publisher=Jeppestown Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-9553936-6-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tSVcQFoIsDIC&pg=PA50}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Yussif|first=E.|title=The Facet of Black Culture|publisher=Trafford Publishing|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4669-8847-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ueo4AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53}}</ref> O sitere n'ebo Urhobo na [[Ȯra Delta|Delta]] State, Nigeria. Mkpụrụ osisi nkwụ aghọwo ofe kọntinent. == Site na mpaghara == === Cameroon === Mbanga soup is a palm fruit soup in [[Nri ndị Cameroon|Cameroonian cuisine]]<ref>{{Cite book|author=Osseo-Asare|first=Fran|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1s-a7EMM6BgC&dq=Mbanga+soup&pg=PA147|title=Food Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa|date=November 24, 2005|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313324888}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Crush|first=Jonathan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=41UiDQAAQBAJ&dq=Mbanga+soup&pg=PA147|title=Rapid Urbanisation, Urban Food Deserts and Food Security in Africa|date=September 23, 2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319435671}}</ref> and West African cuisine.<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 13, 2013|title=Mbanga/Palmnut Soup|url=https://www.africanbites.com/mbangapalmnut-soup/}}</ref> It is often served with [[kwacoco]]. The soup is Cameroon's version of the West African [[Ofe esipụtara na mkpụrụ nkwụ|Banga (soup)]], a palm fruit soup eaten in areas including parts of Nigeria. In Cameroon mbanga is made using fresh palm nuts. Outside the area canned nuts can be used.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.congocookbook.com/soup-and-stew-recipes/mbanga-palm-nut-soup/|title=Mbanga (Palm Nut) Soup|date=Jul 21, 2018|accessdate=Jul 11, 2021|archivedate=August 5, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805141214/http://www.congocookbook.com/soup-and-stew-recipes/mbanga-palm-nut-soup/}}</ref> === Naịjirịa === [[Usòrò:Eba_served_with_Fresh_fish_banga_soup_in_a_clay_pot.jpg|thumb|Eba (Garri si Cassava) na ofe azụ azụ azụ (Palm Kennel) n'ime ite ụrọ]] [[Usòrò:Eating_Banga_(Pam_Seed)_Rice..jpg|thumb|Mmanụ nkwụ Rice (Banga Rice) a na-eji anụ ehi dị iche iche na àkwá e siri esi.]] Ofe akwụ bụ ụdị ofe ndi Southern ''[[Mba Mmiri|Niger Delta]]'' [[Naijiria|Nigeria]] particularly the [[Ndị Ishekiri|Itsekiri]] ethnic group.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banga Soup Recipes {{!}} Food Network Canada|url=http://www.foodnetwork.ca/recipe/banga-soup/20308/|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=foodnetwork.ca|language=en}}</ref> This cuisine is quite different from "Ofe Akwu" which is a variant found in Igbo culture. The [[Ndị Bini|Binis]] have a soup from palm fruits similar to "Ofe Akwu" in ingredients and manner of preparation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banga Soup (Ofe Akwu)|url=https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/soups/banga-soup/|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=All Nigerian Recipes|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-09-22|title=Ofe Akwu - Igbo Style Banga Soup|url=https://sisijemimah.com/2015/09/22/ofe-akwu/|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=Sisi Jemimah|language=en-GB}}</ref> Na Naịjịrịa, a na-eji nri ahụ na nri ndị ọzọ dịka Starch (''Usi'') maka ndị Urhobo nke [[Ȯra Delta|Delta]] State, Naị́jerị́[[Naijiria|a]].<ref>{{Cite book|author=Afriyie|first=B.S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A1j17CY6tlYC&pg=PA340|title=Concise Ict Fundamentals Volume Two|publisher=AuthorHouse|year=2012|isbn=978-1-4669-6785-4}}</ref> Ndị Igbo nwere ụdị ofe na ofe dị iche iche nke e ji mkpụrụ nkwụ mee. Ofe akwu bụ ụdị nri a na-ejikarị [[Oskàpà|osikapa]] eme ihe ebe a na-eji mkpụrụ osisi nkwụ eme ihe karịsịa na mpaghara Anambra nke ala Igbo iji kwadebe ofe Oha na Onugbu tinyere nri a na'akpụ akpụ (nke a maara nke ọma dị ka 'swallow') dịka cassava a kụrụ (utara / akpu), ọka / cassava ntụ ọka (nni oka). Mkpụrụ nkwụ dị mkpa karịsịa nye [[Ndị Ìgbò|ndị Igbo]]. A na-ewepụta mkpụrụ osisi nkwụ ahụ site na osisi nkwụ na-eto eto n'ógbè ahụ, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-asa ya nke ọma, sie ya ma sie ya maka iwepụta mmanụ ya nke bụ isi ihe na-akwadebe ofe Banga. A na-eji beletete, mkpụrụ osisi aidan, akwụkwọ osisi Banga a na-akpọ Obenetietien (a pụrụ iji akwụkwọ osisi na-esi ísì ụtọ ma ọ bụ nke na-esi ilu dochie anya ya), osisi oburunbebe, yabasị a pịrị nke ọma, crayfish, chili pepper ma ọ bụ bonnet scotch, na nnu.<ref>[http://www.nigerianfoodtv.com/2013/04/how-to-make-banga-soup-urhobo-banga-soup.html How to make Banga Soup : Efik Banga Soup] by Nky Lily Lete April 2013 Nigerian Food TV</ref> A na-eri ofe ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ na cocoyam (taro) pudding a na-akpọ ''kwacoco''. A na-ejikarị azụ̀ catfish (azụ̀ Banga soup) a mịrị amị ma ọ bụ anụ a na-ese n'ọkụ. Ofe ahụ nwekwara ike ime nri dị ụtọ na mgbakwunye nke akwụkwọ nri Okra.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Saffery|first=David|title=The Ghana Cookery Book|publisher=Jeppestown Press|year=2007|isbn=9780955393662|pages=50, 51}}</ref> Amiedi, nke a makwaara dị ka ofe banga, bụ ofe nke ndị Urhobo nke Southern Naijiria riri. A na-eme ya site na iwepụta mmiri nke mkpụrụ nkwụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-agbakwunye ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka crayfish, anụ, azụ, ose na eriri ehi. A na-eri ya na eba ma ọ bụ usi (starch). (''Elaeis guineensis'') e wepụtara.<ref>[http://www.ajol.info/index.php/njtr/article/view/96699 Nutritional compositions and antioxidant properties of typical Urhobo Nigerian soups] by Nyerhovwo J Tonukari, Oghenetega J Avwioroko, Guanah Seitonkumoh, Chinoye C Enuma, Samson O Sakpa, Linda Eraga, Theresa Ezedom, Ufuoma Edema, Enovwo Odiyoma, Akpovwehwee A Anigboro Vol 8, No 2 2013 Nigerian Journal of Technological Research</ref><gallery> Palm nut soup with fish.jpg|Mkpụrụ osisi nkwụ na azụ Palm nut soup.jpg|Mkpụrụ osisi nkwụ Akan Ghanaian Palm Nut Soup.jpg|Akị nkụ Ghana Palm nut soup close up.jpg|Mkpụrụ osisi nkwụ n'ebe dị nso Palm nut soup on fire.jpg|Mkpụrụ osisi nkwụ na-ere ọkụ Fufu with palm nut soup, snail and tilapia.JPG|Fufu na ofe nkwụ, snail na tilapia </gallery> == Hụkwa ==   * Nri mkpụrụ osisi * Kpekpele * Ndepụta ofe == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.kadiafricanrecipes.com/palm-nut-soup.html Ntụziaka ofe mkpụrụ osisi nkwụ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160317063734/http://www.ghananation.com/recipes/Palmnut-Soup.asp Soup Nut nke nkwụ] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvKdHaVvxUk Vidio: Otu esi eme Palmnut Soup (GH)] {{Soups}} ewyl2vyw43msp21hqhzuvw81uweibgp 0 20510 628689 623352 2026-04-02T11:58:41Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628689 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{Databox}}'''Dapo Folorunsho Asaju''' (amụrụ na 16 Nọvemba, na afọ 1961), bishọp na onye nkuzi, bụ Bishop Theologian nke Anglican Church of Nigeria na onye bụbu osote chancellor nke Ajayi Crowther University (Ọktoba 1, na afọ 2015-30 Septemba, na afọ 2020). Ọ bụ kansụl na-achịkwa Mahadum Ajayi Crowther họpụtara Dapo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asaju named Ajayi Crowder varsity's VC - The Nation Nigeria|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/asaju-named-ajayi-crowder-varsitys-vc/amp/|work=The Nation Nigeria|accessdate=12 April 2018|date=24 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.acu.edu.ng/index.php/administration/principal-officers/the-vice-chancellor|title=The Vice Chancellor|accessdate=2022-10-02|archivedate=2019-05-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510221001/https://acu.edu.ng/index.php/administration/principal-officers/the-vice-chancellor}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Asaju si Iyara Ijumu, na [[Ȯra Kogi|Kogi Steeti]], Naijiria. Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarịa St Andrew, Kabba ebe o mechara gaa Holy Trinity na [[Lokoja]]. O mechara gụchaa akwụkwọ ya na Okesuna B Primary School, Oja Oba, Ilorin. Ọ gara Abdul Azeez Memorial College Okene maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya. Ọ bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Ilorin, ebe ọ nwetara nzere Bachelor of Arts na afọ 1983; Master of Arts na Christian Studies na afọ 1985 na Ph.D. ya na Christian Studies n'afọ 2003 n'otu [[Mahadum nke Ilorin|mahadum]] ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Vice-Chancellor|url=https://www.acu.edu.ng/administration/principal-officers/the-vice-chancellor|work=Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo|language=en-gb|accessdate=2020-05-27|archivedate=2020-05-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511105220/https://acu.edu.ng/administration/principal-officers/the-vice-chancellor}}</ref> O kwuru okwu mbụ nke Alumni Lecture na mahadum n'afọ 1985. O nwetakwara Masters na Mission site na Birmingham Christian College, Selly Oak, Birmingham, UK na afọ 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anglicans produce Nigeria's first Bishop, Vice Chancellor {{!}} Elifeonline|url=http://elifeonline.net/professor-dapo-asaju-becomes-nigerias-first-bishop-vice-chancellor/|work=elifeonline.net|accessdate=12 April 2018}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Asaju malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye enyemaka gụsịrị akwụkwọ (1983-1984), na Mahadum nke Ilorin na onye enyemaka nkuzi na [[Mahadum nke Ȯra Lagos|Mahadim Lagos State]] (1984-1988). Ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi nke abụọ na 1988, onye nkuzi mbụ (1990), onye nkuzi ukwu (1992) na [[Mahadum nke Ȯra Lagos|Mahadum Lagos State]]. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na [[Mahadum nke Ilorin]] dị ka onye nkuzi dị elu (1995), Associate Professor (2000) wee ruo n'ọkwa onyeokachamara nke Christian Studies na afọ 2004. O kwuru okwu mmeghe ya n'afọ 2005, nke akpọrọ "Re-enthroning Theology as Queen of Sciences: Theological and Missiological Challenges of African Biblical Hermeneutics". Ọ bụ onyeokachamara nleta na William Paton Fellow na Ngalaba nke Theology, Mahadum Birmingham, UK ebe o mechara rụọ ọrụ dị ka External Examiner na theses PhD atọ. Ọ bụ onye na-anọchite anya Dean, Faculty of Arts Lagos State University., Na afọ 2005[[2007; Onye na-anọchi anya Deputy Chancellor (Academic) Lagos State University; Onye otu na-achịkwa Council, Lagos State University (2006<nowiki>[[2008]]</nowiki>), onye otu, Advisory Council na Gọọmentị nke Lagos State, Nleta Associate Professor Bayreuth University, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profile {{!}} Bishop Theologian|url=http://bishoptheologian-anglican.org.ng/index.php/en/profile|accessdate=12 April 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu oge onyeisi oche, na Mahadum Lagos Steeti, 1988-1993. == Ndị otu agụmakwụkwọ == Asaju bụ onye otu Kọmitii Na-edepụta Iwu maka mwepụta nke Lagos West Diocese. Ihe onwunwe nkà mmụta okpukpe Grading maka GAFCON Church of Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|title=The Vice Chancellor|url=https://www.acu.edu.ng/index.php/administration/principal-officers/the-vice-chancellor|work=ACU.edu|accessdate=24 January 2019|archivedate=10 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510221001/https://acu.edu.ng/index.php/administration/principal-officers/the-vice-chancellor}}</ref> == Mmekọrịta == Onyeokachamara Asaju, bụ onye otu ọtụtụ na agụmakwụkwọ gụnyere Kọmitii Na-edepụta Iwu maka mwepụta nke Lagos West Diocese, onye otu Theological resource Grading for GAFCON Church of Naijiria; British Society of New Testament Studies, Nigeria Association for Christian Studies, Nigeria association for Bible studies, Academic staff union of Universities na ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dapo Folorunsho Asaju|url=https://e.allmixo.com/detail13252463.html|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=e.allmixo.com|archivedate=2021-05-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517091614/https://e.allmixo.com/detail13252463.html}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Asaju bụ Vicar nke Church of Epiphany, Ibara Estate; Church of Transfiguration, Ketu Badagry Expressway; Chaplain Chapel of Light, Lagos State University na afọ 2006 rue afọ 2009. Onye bishọp Theologian, Church of Nigeria na Rector, Crowther Graduate Theological Seminary. Ọ lụrụ Barrister Mrs. Harriet Seun Asaju na ụmụ. Ọ bụ osote onye isi nke Mahadum Ajayi Crowther ruo afọ ise.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|title=The Vice Chancellor|url=https://www.acu.edu.ng/index.php/administration/principal-officers/the-vice-chancellor|work=ACU.edu|accessdate=24 January 2019|archivedate=10 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510221001/https://acu.edu.ng/index.php/administration/principal-officers/the-vice-chancellor}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Asaju, Dapo Folorunsho}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria]] [[Òtù:Ndị amụrụ na 1961]] 1omhq5ifk53qggcb7zzdcc6y34d2yh0 0 20954 628644 125662 2026-04-02T04:11:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628644 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Asụsụ Sara''' nwèrè ìhè karịrị asụsụ irí ná abụọ nkè Bongo Bagirmi nkè á na-asụkarị ná [[Chad]]; á na-esokwa olé ná olé n'ebe ugwu nke [[Central African Republic]]. Há bụ ndị òtù asụsụ Central Sudanic. Greenberg (1966) na-emeso ụdị niile dị ka olumba nkè asụsụ Sara, ébé Tucker ná Bryan (1966) na'ewere Sara dị kà ụyọkọ olumba nkè ọtụtụ asụsụ. Ọtụtụ ndị òtù asụsụ / olumba Sara dị iche iche na-ewere ụdị ókwú há dị iche iche, mànà ugbu a, ozi asụsụ ezughi oké iji chọpụta ụdị okwu dị ichè ichè á ga-ewere dị kà asụsụ dị ichè íchè. Ụdị kachasị ukwuu nkè Sara bụ Ngambay (Sara [[Ngambay language|Ngambay]]), asụsụ azụmahịa nkè ndịda Chad, nkè nwèrè ìhè dị kà otú nde ndị na-asụ yá, ọ bụ ezie ná Sar (Sara Madjingay) bụ asụsụ nkè Sarh. == Aha == Ókwú "Asụsụ Sara", mgbè ụfọdụ á na-akpọ "Asụsụ Dị Mma Sara", dị ichè ná nkè á na-ekwu "AsụsụSara Kaba". Ndị nkè ikpeazụ gụnyere Sara Dunjo, Kaba Deme ná Kaba Na. Ókwú Sárá n'onwe yá na-agbagwoju ányá, n'ihi ná n'ime ezinụlọ á enwere asụsụ á na-akpọ Sar, nkè ịsị ọbọdọ yá bụ Sarh. Ókwú Kaba bụkwa ìhè mgbagwoju anya. Kaba nke Gore abụghị asụsụ Sárá Kaba, kama ọ bụ asụsụ Sara. Ọzọkwa, otú Sara Kaba gụnyere asụsụ a na-akpọ Sara Kaba == Asụsụ == Asụsụ Sara bụ: ; Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Sara :* [[Ngambay language|Ngambay]] :* Laka :* Kabba :* [[Lau Laka language|Laka nke Lau]] (asụ na Naijiria) ; Central Sara (Doba) :* Ebe a na-anọ amụ nwa :* Ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè :* Mango :* Gor ; Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Sara :* [[Sar language|Sar]] :* Mbay :* Ngam :* Dagba :* Gulay :* Nzukọ Ndị Isi Ntinye nkè Gulay ná Asụsụ Sara nkè Ọwụwa Anyanwụ dabeere ná ntụnyere okwu. N'ụzọ ụdaolu ná ọdịdị, Gulay na-akpa àgwà dị kà Asụsụ Central Sara. === Boyeldieu (2006) === Boyeldieu (2006) kewara asụsụ Sara dị ka ndị a:<ref name="Boyeldieu2006">Boyeldieu, Pascal. 2006. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20190516205519/http://sumale.vjf.cnrs.fr/SBB/presentation.html Présentation des langues Sara-Bongo-Baguirmiennes]''. Paris: CNRS-LLACAN (online version).</ref> ; Sara * Mpaghara dịpụrụ adịpụ ** Ndoka ** Mmiri ** Bagiro ** Na ** Tiye ** Kulfa ** Simé ** 'Dem * Central ** Sar ** Mbay ** Ngambay ** 'N'okpuru ala ** Ebe a na-anọ eme ihe * Ndị ọzọ ** Bulala ** Beraku ** Kenga ** 'Barma {{Reflist}} == Ebenside == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191217035950/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Nilo-Saharan/General/NS%20language%20list.pdf Roger Blench (2012, ms)] * Greenberg, Joseph H. (1966) The Languages of Africa (2nd ed. na mgbakwunye na mgbazi). Bloomington: Mahadum Indiana. * Keegan, John M. (2012) Sara ''Asụsụ'' Lexicon: French - Sara Asụsụ, English - Sara Asụ asụsụ, Morkeg Books, Cuenca. * {{Cite book|title=The Central Sara Languages|author=Keegan, John M.|date=2012|publisher=Morkeg Books|location=[[Cuenca, Spain|Cuenca]]}} * {{Cite book|title=The eastern Sara languages|author=Keegan, John M.|date=2012|publisher=Morkeg Books|isbn=9781475177954|location=[[Cuenca, Spain|Cuenca]]|oclc=931864379}} * {{Cite book|title=The Western Sara languages|author=Keegan, John M.|publisher=Morkeg Books|year=2012|isbn=9781480296336|location=[[Cuenca, Spain|Cuenca]]|oclc=940596877}} *   * Tucker, A.N. na M.A. Bryan (1966) Nnyocha Asụsụ: Asụsụ Ndị Na-abụghị Bantu nke North-Eastern Africa. E bipụtara ya maka International African Institute. London/New York/Cape Town: Oxford University Press. == Njikọ mpụga == 9mc096yv0hh3htrv20hpd5qmklg3dx9 0 22353 628611 101272 2026-04-01T22:02:11Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628611 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pumla Ellen Ngozwana Kisosonkole''' (1911), bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[Uganda]] na onye na-eme ihe ike n'òtù ụmụ nwanyị. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Pumla Ellen Ngozwana na South Africa na afọ 1911 n'ezinụlọ ndị ụkọchukwu ụka Metọdist.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Lubega|first=Henry|title=The pioneers of women movements in Uganda|url=http://mobile.monitor.co.ug/The-pioneers-of-women-movements-in-Uganda/-/691260/2645432/-/format/xhtml/-/xttvbf/-/index.html|work=Daily Monitor|date=8 March 2015}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi ala ọzọ ma gaa Mahadum Fort Hare na Alice, Eastern Cape .<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sheldon|first=Kathleen E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36BViNOAu3sC&pg=PA120|title=Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa|date=2005|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, MD|isbn=978-0-8108-5331-7|language=en}}</ref> Ọ gara [[London]], na-akwalite agụmakwụkwọ ya na oluakwukwo nke amamihe .<ref>{{Cite book|editor=Tripp|title=The Women's Movement in Uganda: History, Challenges, and Prospects|date=2002|publisher=Fountain Publishers|location=Kampala|isbn=978-9970-02-340-0|pages=32–34, 204}}</ref> O mechara dee akwụkwọ nta "Education as I Saw It in England".<ref name="DAB" /> Ọ lụrụ onye Uganda Christopher Kisosonkole na afọ 1939. Ha kwagara Uganda, ebe Pumla tinyere aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ nọrọ afọ asatọ dị ka onye isi mmepe obodo ma kụzie na King's College Budo . N'afọ 1956, a họpụtara ya na Kansụl Iwu nke Uganda (LEGCO) nke Gọọmentị Protectorate.<ref name="Sheldon">{{Cite book|author=Sheldon|first=Kathleen|title=Historical dictionary of women in Sub-Saharian Africa|date=2005|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham (Maryland)|isbn=978-0-8108-5331-7|pages=120–121|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36BViNOAu3sC&pg=PA120|accessdate=December 1, 2015}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwanyị Africa mbụ batara na kansụl omeiwu.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Tamale|first=Sylvia|title=When Hens Begin to Crow: Gender and Parliamentary Politics in Uganda|date=1999|publisher=Westview Press|location=Boulder, Colorado|isbn=978-0-8133-3896-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qRxl7WIkO1IC&pg=PA10}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya na ndị omeiwu n'oge mgbanwe nke Uganda site na mpaghara Britain gaa na nnwere onwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kisosonkole, Pumla|url=https://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-49178|accessdate=2020-08-21|work=Oxford African American Studies Center|year=2011|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49178|author=Miller|first=Kim}}</ref> Ọ malitere afọ anọ dị ka onye isi oche nke Kansụl Ụmụ nwanyị nke Uganda na afọ 1957. Ọ bụ onye Afrịka mbụ jere ozi n'ọrụ ahụ. Site na afọ 1959 ruo na afọ 1962 ọ bụ onye isi oche nke International Council of Women. Praịm Minista Milton Obote họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya Uganda na United Nations na afọ 1963. N'afọ nke ndị 1960 ọ bụkwa ọkachamara n'akwụkwọ na UNESCO.<ref name="DAB">{{Cite book|author=Miller|first=Kim|title=Dictionary of African Biography|date=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|pages=393|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PA393|chapter=Kisosonkole, Pumla}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMiller2012">Miller, Kim (2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PA393 "Kisosonkole, Pumla"]. ''Dictionary of African Biography''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.&nbsp;393. [[ISBN (onye njirimara)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ihe pụrụ iche:BookSources/978-0-19-538207-5|<bdi>978-0-19-538207-5</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Pumla Kisosonkole nwụrụ n'afọ 1997. == Ebesidee == {{Reflist}}  fejiallzoga3zfbisgvbzmiz8dsaurt 0 24260 628634 537909 2026-04-02T01:47:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Sadio Mané''' (amụrụ n'ụbọchị iri n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1992) bụ [[Footbọl|onye]] Senegal na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ maka otu Bundesliga Bayern Munich na otu mba [[Senegal]]. A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu kachasị mma n'ụwa na n'etiti ndị egwuregwu [[Afrịka]] kachasị ukwuu n'oge niile, a maara ya maka ịpị ya, dribbling, na ọsọ. Mané malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na Ligue 2 club Metz mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, mana ọ hapụrụ mgbe otu oge gachara iji sonye na klọb [[Austrian World Summit|Austrian]] Red Bull Salzburg na 2012 maka ego nke € 4 nde, na-emeri league na iko mba okpukpu abụọ na oge 2013 Xia14. Ka e mesịrị n'oge okpomọkụ ahụ, Mané gafere na klọb England Southampton maka ego ndekọ nke £ 11.8 nde. N'ebe ahụ, o setịpụrụ ihe ndekọ ọhụrụ nke Premier League maka hat-trick kachasị ọsọ, gbara na sekọnd 176 na mmeri 6 na Aston Villa na 2015. Mané bịanyere aka na klọb Premier League ibe ya bụ Liverpool na 2016, maka ego a kọrọ na ọ bụ £ 34 nde. O nyeere ndị otu ahụ aka iru asọmpi UEFA Champions League na 2018 na 2019, merie nke ikpeazụ. Ọ gwụkwara dị ka onye na-agba goolu kachasị elu na league n'afọ 2018 na 19, na-emeri na Premier League Golden Boot. Mané wee nyere aka kwụsị afọ iri atọ Liverpool na-enweghị isi site na mmeri na 2019 China20 Premier League. N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, ọ gbara goolu nke 100 ya na Premier League, na-aghọ onye Afrịka nke atọ ruru akara ahụ. Mané mechara nke anọ na nke abụọ na mbipụta 2019 na 2022 nke Ballon d'Or, n'otu n'otu; na The Best FIFA Men's Player ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke ise na 2019 na nke anọ na 2020. Na mba ụwa, Mané edebanyela goolu 34 na egwuregwu 93 maka Senegal kemgbe ọ malitere na 2012, ma ugbu a ọ bụ onye na-agba goolu kachasị elu na mba ya, na nke atọ na oge niile. Ọ nọchitere anya Senegal na 2012 Olympics, yana 2015, 2017, 2019 na 2021 mbipụta nke [[Africa]] Cup of Nations. Na asọmpi nke afọ 2019, Mané nyeere Senegal aka iru onye nke abụọ, otu afọ ka e mesịrị, a kpọrọ ya onye na-agba bọọlụ nke Afọ n'Afrịka. Na ngwụcha nke afọ 2021, Mané gbara bọọlụ mmeri na penalty shoot-out iji nye Senegal aha mbụ ha nke Africa Cup of Nations ma kpọọkwa ya onye egwuregwu nke asọmpi ahụ. N'afọ 2022, e chiri ya onye egwuregwu Afrịka nke Afọ nke ugboro abụọ. Mané nọchitekwara anya mba ya na 2018 FIFA World Cup, na nke abụọ ọ pụtara na asọmpi ahụ. == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọrụ mmalite === A mụrụ Mané na Bambali, Sédhiou, Senegal.<ref name="theguardian">{{Cite web|author=Aarons|first=Ed|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/apr/08/sadio-mane-documentary-made-in-senegal-liverpool|title=Sadio Mané: 'I wanted to build a hospital to give people hope'|work=The Guardian|date=8 April 2020|accessdate=17 June 2022}}</ref> Ọ chọrọ ọrụ na bọọlụ, mana nna ya (onye bụ imam) machibidoro ya igwu egwuregwu ahụ mgbe ọ bụ nwata; Otú ọ dị, nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sadio Mané révèle que son père lui interdisait de jouer au foot|url=https://rmcsport.bfmtv.com/football/video-sadio-mane-revele-que-son-pere-lui-interdisait-de-jouer-au-foot_AN-201712030126.html|publisher=RMC Sport News|accessdate=30 April 2018|date=3 December 2017|language=fr}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, ọ gbapụrụ n'obodo ya wee gaa Dakar iji chụsoo ọchịchọ ya nke ịghọ onye na-agba bọọlụ; site n'oge ahụ, ezinụlọ ya kwadoro ya iji mezuo ikike ya.<ref name="theguardian" /> N'afọ 2009, mgbe ọ na-egwuri egwu na M'Bour, ndị scouts hụrụ ya ma mesịa kpọtụrụ ya Génération Foot, klọb nke o nyeere aka inweta nkwalite na nke abụọ na oge 2010 na 11.<ref name="theguardian"/><ref name="ledauphine">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ledauphine.com/sport/2018/06/19/senegal-sadio-mane-l-ascension-qui-fait-rever|title=Sénégal: Sadio Mané, l'ascension qui fait rêver|work=[[Le Dauphiné libéré]]|language=fr|date=19 June 2018|accessdate=17 June 2022}}</ref> === Metz === N'afọ 2011, Mané sonyeere Metz nke ya na Génération Foot nwere mmekọrịta.<ref name="ledauphine"/> O mere nke mbụ ya na 14 Jenụwarị 2012, na-abịa dị ka onye nọchiri Kévin Diaz na nkeji nke 75 nke mmeri 0X1 n'ụlọ megide Bastia na Ligue 2.<ref name="FFT">{{Cite web|author=Ratcliffe|first=Alison|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/sadio-mane-liverpool-senegal-african-footballer-year-hospital-school-champions-league-jurgen-klopp|title=The journey of Liverpool's Sadio Mane to become one of the world's best footballers|date=6 February 2022|accessdate=17 June 2022|work=[[FourFourTwo]]}}</ref> Ọ pụtara ugboro iri na itoolu n'oge egwuregwu mbụ ya, iri na abụọ dị ka onye mbido, wee gbaa otu goolu na mmeri Guingamp na Stade Saint-Symphorien na 4 Mee.<ref name="FFT" /> E wepụrụ Metz na Championnat National na ngwụcha oge ahụ. === Red Bull Salzburg === [[Usòrò:RBS_gegen_Metz59.JPG|thumb|Mané (n'aka nri) na-egwuri egwu maka Red Bull Salzburg na 2013]] Metz setịpụrụ ọnụahịa na-arịọ maka € 2 nde maka Mane, ọ dọtakwara uche, gụnyere site n'aka Red Bull Salzburg nke Austrian Bundesliga, onye nduzi egwuregwu Ralf Rangnick.<ref name="FFT"/> N'ịbụ onye natara ọtụtụ onyinye n'oge ọkọchị, Metz buliri ọnụahịa ha na-arịọ ka ọ bụrụ € 4 nde, ọ kwagara Salzburg na 31 Ọgọstụ 2012, ego mbufe nke atọ kachasị ukwuu Metz natara.<ref name="FFT" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sadio Mané transféré au Red Bull Salzburg|url=http://www.fcmetz.com/article/Transfert/2012-08-31-17-25-55_sadio-mane-transfere-au-red-bull-salzburg.html|publisher=FC Metz|accessdate=2 September 2014|language=fr|date=31 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103230754/http://www.fcmetz.com/article/Transfert/2012-08-31-17-25-55_sadio-mane-transfere-au-red-bull-salzburg.html|archivedate=3 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Die Bullen im Kaufrausch|url=http://www.news.at/a/red-bull-salzburg-die-bullen-kaufrausch-340805|work=news.at|accessdate=2 September 2014|language=de|date=31 August 2014}}</ref> Ọ gbara hat-trick mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 31 Ọktoba, na mmeri 3 na SC Kalsdorf na agba nke atọ nke Austrian Cup.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kalsdorf 1–3 Salzburg|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ie/match/kalsdorf-vs-salzburg/1397693/lineups|work=Goal.com|accessdate=23 February 2015}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2013, o mere hat-trick mbụ ya na Austrian Bundesliga, n'oge mmeri 3 na Grödig.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grödig 0–3 Salzburg|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/match/gr%C3%B6dig-vs-salzburg/1487388/preview|work=Goal.com|accessdate=23 February 2015}}</ref> O nyere goolu atọ ọzọ na 7 Mee 2014 ka Salzburg meriri 7o0 na Horn na ọkara ikpeazụ nke iko; oge ahụ kwụsịrị na ndị otu ahụ meriri okpukpu abụọ n'ime ụlọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Red Bulls in cup final after goal fest!|url=http://www.redbulls.com/en/fc-red-bull-salzburg/news/saison_2013_14/red-bulls-in-cup-final-after-goal-fest.html|accessdate=23 February 2015|publisher=FC Red Bull Salzburg|date=7 May 2014}}</ref> Na ngwụcha ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2014 Mané manyere ịpụ na klọb ahụ, site n'ịghara ịbịa ọzụzụ na egwuregwu kachasị mkpa maka Salzburg n'oge ahụ iji ruo eru maka Champions League.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135906/http://www.weltfussball.at/news/_n1232661_/skandal-um-sadio-mane-vor-malmoe-spiel/ Skandal um Sadio Mané vor Malmö-Spiel], weltfussball.at, 26 August 2014</ref> === Southampton === ==== Afọ 2014-15 ==== N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2014, Mané gafere n'otu Southampton nke Premier League maka £ 11.8 nde, na-etinye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Southampton sign £10m forward Sadio Mané & Toby Alderweireld|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29025087|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=3 September 2014|date=2 September 2014}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya ụbọchị iri abụọ na abụọ ka e mesịrị na mmeri nke League Cup na Arsenal, na-emeri penalty maka goolu mbụ nke Southampton.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arsenal 1–2 Southampton|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29216769|work=BBC Sport|date=23 September 2014|accessdate=23 September 2014}}</ref> O mere egwuregwu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na mmeri ọzọ nke 2-1 na Queens Park Rangers na 27 Septemba, malite ma nyere Ryan Bertrand aka maka goolu mbụ nke egwuregwu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29289926|title=Southampton 2–1 Queens Park Rangers|work=BBC Sport|date=27 September 2014|accessdate=27 September 2014}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na mmeri 810 megide Sunderland na 18 Ọktoba, ọ bụ ezie na nke a mechara bụrụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke Patrick van Aanholt.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Reddy|first=Luke|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29580147|title=Southampton 8–0 Sunderland|work=BBC Sport|date=18 October 2014|accessdate=18 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Southampton 8 – 0 Sunderland|url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/matchday/matches/2014-2015/epl.match-stats.html/southampton-vs-sunderland|publisher=Premier League|accessdate=24 October 2014|date=18 October 2014|archivedate=2 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902121522/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/matchday/matches/2014-2015/epl.match-stats.html/southampton-vs-sunderland}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya n'egwuregwu ya ọzọ, mmeri 1 na 0 na Stoke City otu izu ka e mesịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Canavan|first=Steve|title=Southampton 1–0 Stoke|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29670448|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=26 October 2014|date=25 October 2014}}</ref> N'ọnwa Disemba na Jenụwarị, ọ gbara bọọlụ atọ n'usoro, megide Crystal Palace, Chelsea<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30566736|title=Southampton 1–1 Chelsea|work=BBC Sport|date=28 December 2014|accessdate=2 January 2015}}</ref> na Arsenal.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30544147|title=Crystal Palace 1–3 Southampton|work=BBC Sport|date=26 December 2014|accessdate=2 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30600817|title=Southampton 2–0 Arsenal|work=BBC Sport|date=1 January 2015|accessdate=2 January 2015}}</ref> Mané gbara goolu mmeri abụọ n'ikpeazụ na mmeri league na Queens Park Rangers na 7 Febụwarị 2015 na n'ụlọ Crystal Palace na 3 Machị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/31071178|title=QPR 0–1 Southampton|work=BBC Sport|date=7 February 2015|accessdate=6 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/31598153|title=Southampton 1–0 Crystal Palace|work=BBC Sport|date=3 March 2015|accessdate=6 August 2015}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, e wepụrụ Mané site na Southampton maka mmeri ha meriri Liverpool n'ụlọ na 22 Febụwarị dị ka ntaramahụhụ maka ịbịa n'ámá egwuregwu.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Southampton: Sadio Mané dropped for being late – Koeman|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/31579123|accessdate=22 February 2015|work=BBC Sport|date=22 February 2015}}</ref> N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Mee, n'oge egwuregwu ikpeazụ Southampton n'ụlọ n'oge ahụ, Mané gbara bọọlụ ugboro atọ n'ime nkeji abụọ na sekọnd iri ise na isii na mmeri Aston Villa iji setịpụ ndekọ ọhụrụ nke Premier League maka ngwa ngwa hat-trick. Robbie Fowler nwere ndekọ ahụ kemgbe afọ 1994, onye gbara Arsenal atọ na nkeji 4 na sekọnd 33.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/may/16/southampton-aston-villa-premier-league-match-report|title=Southampton's Sadio Mané hits record hat-trick to rout Aston Villa|date=16 May 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Mané ji goolu iri n'ime egwuregwu iri atọ na abụọ n'asọmpi niile mechie oge ahụ. ==== Afọ 2015-16 ==== [[Usòrò:Audi-_quattro-Cup_23.JPG|thumb|Mané (n'aka nri) na-egwuri egwu maka Southampton na 2015]] Mané malitere oge 2015 na 16 site na ịdebanye aha abụọ na UEFA Europa League nke atọ na Vitesse Arnhem n'ụlọ ma gbaa bọọlụ n'akụkụ nloghachi, ka Southampton na-agafe na agba ọzọ 5 na ngụkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/33667103|title=Southampton 3–0 Vitesse Arnhem|work=BBC Sport|date=30 July 2015|accessdate=6 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/33738509|title=Vitesse Arnhem 0–2 Southampton|work=BBC Sport|date=6 August 2015|accessdate=6 August 2015}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, o were sekọnd iri atọ na itoolu iji mepee akara megide Liverpool na nkeji iri na ise nke iko Njikọ , mana ndị Ndị nsọ mechara merie 6 Xia1 n'ụlọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Southampton 1–6 Liverpool|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/34918281|accessdate=2 December 2015|work=BBC Sport|date=2 December 2015}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2, 2016, onye njikwa Ronald Koeman wepụrụ ya ọzọ na mbido egwuregwu na Norwich obodo mgbe ọ bịara n'azụ oge maka nzukọ tupu egwuregwu.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sadio Mané: Southampton midfielder dropped for being late|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/35214588|accessdate=3 January 2016|work=BBC Sport|date=2 January 2016}}</ref> Ọ natara kaadị uhie kwụ ọtọ na 12 Machị na njedebe nke mmeri 2 na Obodo Stoke maka mmetụ na Erik Pieters, ọ bụ ezie na a gbanwere nke a ngwa ngwa na mkpesa.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sharpe|first=Rich|title=Stoke City 1 Southampton 2: Ronald Koeman says his side will appeal against Sadio Mané's red card|url=http://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/Stoke-City-1-Southampton-2-Ronald-Koeman-says/story-28913551-detail/story.html|accessdate=13 March 2016|work=The Sentinel|date=13 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Southampton win appeal against Sadio Mané red card|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35803664|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=15 March 2016|date=15 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sadio Mané's claim against red card upheld by Commission|url=http://www.thefa.com/news/governance/2016/mar/sadio-mane-southampton-red-card-appeal-upheld|publisher=The FA|accessdate=15 March 2016|date=15 March 2016}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye na-emeghị goolu na njiko ruo ihe karịrị ọnwa anọ, Mané gbara goolu ugboro abụọ na mmeri 3 na 2 megide Liverpool na 20 Machị 2016, wee soro goolu ise na egwuregwu ise sochirinụ, gụnyere ugboro atọ na mmeri 4 na 2 megide Manchester City na 1 Mee.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Henson|first=Mike|title=Southampton 3 Liverpool 2|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35796778|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=2 May 2016|date=20 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Rich|first=James|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/may/01/southampton-manchester-city-premier-league-match-report|title=Southampton's Sadio Mané in hat-trick romp against Manchester City|accessdate=2 May 2016|work=The Guardian|date=1 May 2016}}</ref> Ọ gwụchara oge ahụ dị ka onye kacha gbaa goolu na Southampton, na goolu iri na ise na asọmpi niile. === Liverpool === ==== Oge 201617 ==== [[Usòrò:Liver-SM_2017_(11_cropped).jpg|thumb|Mané na-egwuri egwu maka Liverpool na 2017]] Na 28 June 2016, Mané sonyeere Liverpool maka ego mbufe nke £ 34 nde na nkwekọrịta afọ ise. Ụgwọ mbufe ahụ mere ka ọ bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ Afrịka kachasị ọnụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme n'oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36642523|title=Sadio Mané: Liverpool complete £34m signing of Southampton forward|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=28 June 2016|date=28 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11669/10326309/sadio-mane-has-medical-as-liverpool-agree-transfer-fee-of-16334m-with-southampton|title=Sadio Mane has medical as Liverpool agree transfer fee of £34m with Southampton|date=28 June 2016|work=Sky Sports}}</ref> N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, o mere egwuregwu mbụ ya na Reds na Njikọ Njikọ, na-agba goolu nke anọ na mmeri 4 na 3 megide Arsenal.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Chowdhury|first=Saj|title=Liverpool held on to beat Arsenal in a stunning Premier League opening-weekend encounter at Emirates Stadium.|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37001073|accessdate=14 August 2016|work=BBC Sport|date=14 August 2016}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye na-enweghị mmeri Liverpool na Burnley saịtị na obere mmerụ ahụ n'ubu, Mané laghachiri na mbido mmalite megide Burton Albion na Njikọ iko ebe o nyere aka abụọ na mmeri 5 0 .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Liverpool hit five to see of Burton in EFL Cup|url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/232883-liverpool-hit-five-to-see-off-burton-in-efl-cup|accessdate=23 August 2016|publisher=Liverpool F.C.|date=23 August 2016}}</ref> N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Disemba, Mané gbara naanị goolu nke 227th Merseyside derby na oge agbakwunyere megide Everton na Goodison Park.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/dec/19/everton-liverpool-premier-league-match-report|title=Sadio Mané's injury-time winner earns Liverpool dramatic derby victory|date=19 December 2016|work=The Guardian|accessdate=21 December 2016}}</ref> N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2017, Mané gbara goolu abụọ n'ime nkeji abụọ megide Tottenham Hotspur na Anfield, maka mmeri mbụ Liverpool meriri na 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/feb/11/liverpool-tottenham-hotspur-premier-league-match-report|title=Liverpool's Sadio Mané fires quickfire double to stun Tottenham|first=Paul|author=Wilson|work=The Guardian|date=11 February 2017|accessdate=12 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/02/11/liverpool-vs-tottenham-premier-league-live-score/|title=Liverpool 2 Tottenham 0: Sadio Mané scores twice as Reds record first league win of 2017|first=Sam|author=Wallace|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=12 February 2017|accessdate=12 February 2017}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, a kpọrọ Mané aha na PFA Team nke Afọ mgbe ọ gbasịrị goolu iri na atọ na oge mbụ ya na Liverpool.<ref name="PFA1617">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39648483|title=PFA teams of the year: Chelsea and Tottenham dominate Premier League XI|work=BBC Sport|date=20 April 2017|accessdate=6 May 2018}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị na ọ hapụrụ akụkụ ikpeazụ nke mkpọsa ahụ site na mmerụ ahụ, e nyere Mané onyinye Liverpool Onye egwu oge na 9 Mee 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Shaw|first=Chris|title=Sadio Mané takes top prizes at LFC Players' Awards|url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/262799-sadio-mane-takes-top-prizes-at-lfc-players-awards|publisher=Liverpool F.C.|accessdate=10 May 2017|date=9 May 2017}}</ref> ==== Afọ 2017-18 ==== N'egwuregwu mbụ nke oge ọhụrụ ahụ, na 12 Ọgọstụ 2017, na-aga Watford, Mané gbara goolu mbụ nke Liverpool n'oge ahụ na 3 zọ. A kpọrọ ya onye egwuregwu nke ọnwa nke Premier League mgbe ọ gbasịrị goolu na egwuregwu atọ nke Reds n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Frankland|first=Josh|title=Liverpool's Sadio Mané wins August's Premier League Player of the Month award|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11669/11025598/liverpools-sadio-mane-wins-augusts-premier-league-player-of-the-month-award|accessdate=8 September 2017|work=Sky Sports|date=8 September 2017}}</ref> N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2017, e nyere ya kaadị uhie kwụ ọtọ na ọkara mbụ nke mmeri Manchester City maka buutu dị elu megide onye na-edebe goolu Ederson, nke mere ka a machibido ya iwu egwuregwu atọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ogden|first=Mark|title=Man City ease past Liverpool after Mane sees red for Ederson challenge|url=http://www.espnfc.com/blog/the-match/60/post/3199105/man-city-ease-past-liverpool-after-sadio-mane-sees-red-for-ederson-challenge|accessdate=9 September 2017|work=ESPN FC|date=9 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sadio Mané: Liverpool lose appeal against length of ban for red card|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/41232863|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=22 September 2017|date=12 September 2017}}</ref> Mané, Mohamed Salah, Roberto Firmino na Philippe Coutinho mejupụtara otu ndị na-awakpo ndị a kpọrọ "Fab Four" na "Fab Three" mgbe ọpụpụ nke ikpeazụ n'etiti oge.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Burton|first=Chris|title=Klopp sees Mané mojo back as part of Liverpool's 'Fab Three'|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/klopp-sees-mane-mojo-back-as-part-of-liverpools-fab-three/1mzi60n72yhyr1f4yt92n0oku1|accessdate=22 April 2018|publisher=Goal.com|date=20 February 2018}}</ref> N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2018, Mané gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Liverpool na mmeri 5 na-agafe Porto na agba nke iri na isii nke mbụ nke 2017 na UEFA Njikọ Njikọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/feb/14/sadio-mane-liverpool-jurgen-klopp-porto-champions-league|title=Sadio Mané is Liverpool's comeback king with hat-trick, says Jürgen Klopp|date=14 February 2018|work=The Guardian|accessdate=15 February 2018}}</ref> N'ime nke a, ọ ghọrọ naanị onye ọkpụkpọ nke abụọ na-agba ugboro atọ maka klọb ahụ na Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/332404-liverpool-2018-review|title=Records, special nights and new stars – the story of Liverpool's 2018|publisher=Liverpool F.C.|author=Flemming|first=Scott|date=1 January 2019|accessdate=1 January 2019}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị, site na goolu na mmeri 3 na 0 na AFC Bournemouth na 14 Eprel, ọ gafere ndekọ Demba Ba nke 43 iji bụrụ onye Senegal kachasị elu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Njikọ Njikọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mané makes Premier League history with latest Liverpool goal|url=http://www.goal.com/en-om/news/mane-makes-premier-league-history-with-latest-liverpool-goal/l41g5m3n7cwy1xk09e1ljeh2y|accessdate=22 April 2018|work=Goal.com|date=14 April 2018}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Mee, n'oge asọmpi UEFA Njikọ Njikọ nke 2018 megide Real Madrid, Mané gbara goolu Liverpool na mmeri 3o1.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Avi Creditor|title=LIVE: Benzema Blocks Karius Throw for Bizarre Opener, Mané Answers in UCL Final|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2018/05/26/real-madrid-liverpool-champions-league-final-goals-video-salah-mane-ronaldo-isco|date=26 May 2018|accessdate=26 May 2018|journal=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> N'ime nke a, ọ ghọrọ onye egwuregwu Senegal mbụ gbara na ngwụcha asọmpi ahụ. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya bụkwa nke iri ya maka mkpọsa ahụ nke hụrụ Liverpool ka ọ bụrụ otu mbụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme iji nwee ndị egwuregwu atọ nyere goolu 10+ n'otu oge Njikọ Njikọ, Mané na-enweta ihe dị ịrịba ama n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ na-aga n'ihu Salah na Firmino.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/mane-makes-champions-league-history-for-liverpools-fab-three/1igcjwc8w03114w064vd49r2x|title=Mané makes Champions League history for Liverpool's 'Fab Three'|work=Goal.com|author=Burton|first=Chris|date=26 May 2018|accessdate=27 May 2018}}</ref> ==== Oge 2018-19 ==== Na 22 Nọvemba 2018, Mané bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ ogologo oge na Liverpool.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sadio Mané: Senegal forward agrees new long-term Liverpool deal|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46310219|work=BBC Sport|date=22 November 2018}}</ref> N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2019, Mané gbara bọọlụ ugboro abụọ na mmeri 4102 megide Burnley, nke abụọ n'ime ha bụ goolu asọmpi nke iri ise ya maka Liverpool.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/mar/10/liverpool-burnley-premier-league-match-report|title=Liverpool 4–2 Burnley|work=The Guardian|accessdate=10 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espn.in/football/english-premier-league/23/blog/post/3794114/liverpool-buoyed-by-mane-9-10-and-firmino-8-10-to-beat-burnley|title=Mané scores his 50th goal for Liverpool|publisher=ESPN|accessdate=10 March 2019}}</ref> Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya hụkwara ka ọ bụrụ naanị onye egwuregwu Liverpool nke ise na-agba bọọlụ n'egwuregwu Njikọ Njikọ isii n'usoro mgbe Michael Owen, Fernando Torres, Luis Suárez na Salah gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/sadio-mane-reaches-liverpool-milestone-with-brace-against/17liiwuwg88ox1v3sldcstg5jw|title=Sadio Mané reaches Liverpool milestone with brace against Burnley|work=Goal.com|author=Taiwo|first=Taiye|date=11 March 2019|accessdate=11 March 2019}}</ref> Ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, ọ gbara bọọlụ ugboro abụọ ọzọ na mmeri 3 na 1 megide Bayern Munich iji nyere Liverpool aka ịga n'ihu na nkeji iri na ise nke Njikọ Njikọ. N'ime nke a, ọ ghọrọ onye na-agba goolu na klọb ahụ n'èzí n'ụlọ na asọmpi ahụ na goolu asaa n'aha ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47564339|title=Champions League last 16: Best of the stats in Europe|work=BBC Sport|date=14 February 2019|accessdate=14 March 2019}}</ref> N'oge egwuregwu ọzọ nke Liverpool, ọ mebiri ihe ndekọ ọzọ nke Ba iji bụrụ onye egwuregwu Senegal nwere ọtụtụ goolu a gbara n'otu oge Njikọ Njikọ, mgbe ọ gbasịrị goolu nke iri na asaa maka mkpọsa ahụ na mmeri 2 na Fulham.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/mane-breaks-premier-league-record-as-liverpool-hot-streak/12alut43syok81uliikiiqmosf|title=Mané breaks Premier League record as Liverpool hot streak continues|work=Goal.com|author=Storer|first=Tom|date=17 March 2019|accessdate=28 March 2019}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu isii a họpụtara maka onyinye PFA Players' Onye ọkpụkpọ nke afọ n'akụkụ onye otu ya Virgil van Dijk.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2019/04/20/pfa-player-yearvirgil-van-dijk-raheem-sterling-lead-way-six/|title=PFA Player of the Year: Virgil van Dijk and Raheem Sterling lead the way in six-man shortlist|work=The Telegraph|date=20 April 2019|accessdate=20 April 2019}}</ref> A kpọkwara ya aha na PFA Team of the Year n'akụkụ ndị otu Liverpool, Trent Alexander-Arnold, Andrew Robertson na Van Dijk.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thepfa.com/news/2019/4/25/premier-league-team-of-the-year|title=PFA Premier League Team of the Year|publisher=Professional Footballers' Association|date=25 April 2019|accessdate=16 July 2019}}</ref> N'ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke mkpọsa ime obodo, Mané gbara bọọlụ ugboro abụọ na mmeri 2 na Wolverhampton Wanderers. Mgbalị ya mere ka ọ nweta goolu iri abụọ na abụọ maka mkpọsa ahụ nke mere ka ya na Salah na Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang nke Arsenal kerịta ihe nrite Golden Boot nke Njikọ Njikọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/349839-mohamed-salah-sadio-mane-premier-league-golden-boot|title=Sadio Mane and Mohamed Salah win Premier League Golden Boot|publisher=Liverpool F.C.|author=Williams|first=Sam|date=12 May 2019|accessdate=13 May 2019}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Juun, Mané nyere aka merie penalties mbụ maka Liverpool na 2019 UEFA Champions League Final megide Tottenham, naanị 24 sekọnd mgbe a malitere ya, mgbe e kpebiri na obe ya kụrụ aka Moussa Sissoko n'ime ebe penalties; Salah mechara gbanwee site n'ebe ahụ iji mepee akara ahụ, Liverpool mechara merie egwuregwu ahụ 2化0 iji nweta aha ahụ.<ref name="2018–19UCL">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48368443|title=Tottenham Hotspur 0–2 Liverpool|first=Phil|author=McNulty|work=BBC Sport|date=1 June 2019|accessdate=1 June 2019}}</ref> ==== Oge 201920 ==== [[Usòrò:FC_Salzburg_gegen_Liverpool_FC_(UEFA_Champions_League_10.Dezember_2019)_52.jpg|thumb|322x322px|Mané na-egwuri egwu maka Liverpool na UEFA Champions League, Disemba 2019]] N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2019, Mané gbara bọọlụ ugboro abụọ na asọmpi UEFA Super Cup nke 2019 megide Chelsea n'egwuregwu Liverpool meriri 5 na penalties mgbe egwuregwu ahụ mechara 2 na nkeji 120.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Adrian the hero as Liverpool beat Chelsea on penalties to win Super Cup|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49332825|accessdate=14 August 2019|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> A kpọrọ Mané nwoke nke egwuregwu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefasupercup/match/2025638--liverpool-vs-chelsea/postmatch/report/|title=Liverpool beat Chelsea on penalties to win Super Cup|publisher=UEFA|date=14 August 2018|accessdate=14 August 2018}}</ref> N'otu ọnwa mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ gbara bọọlụ ugboro abụọ na mmeri 3 na1 megide Newcastle United ma gbasaa ndekọ egwuregwu ya na-enweghị mmeri Liverpool na Anfield ruo egwuregwu 50, ndekọ league nke onye ọ bụla na-egwu egwuregwu n'otu ámá egwuregwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/364571-sadio-mane-reaches-unbeaten-premier-league-landmark-at-anfield|title=Sadio Mane reaches unbeaten Premier League landmark at Anfield|publisher=Liverpool F.C.|author=Shaw|first=Chris|date=14 September 2019|accessdate=14 September 2019}}</ref> N'egwuregwu 100 ya na Liverpool na Premier League n'ụbọchị nke 5 n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Mané gbara goolu 50 ya na klọb ahụ na mmeri 2 na Leicester City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/367859-liverpool-leicester-premier-league-talking-points|title=Liverpool 2–1 Leicester: Five talking points|publisher=Liverpool F.C.|author=Price|first=Glenn|date=5 October 2019|accessdate=5 October 2019}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba, a kpọrọ Mané aha na ndepụta mmadụ iri atọ maka 2019 Ballon d'Or. N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwarị, ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke anọ maka onyinye ahụ, n'azụ Lionel Messi, onye otu Liverpool Virgil van Dijk na Cristiano Ronaldo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sen.com.au/news/2019/10/21/30-man-shortlist-for-2019-ballon-dor-announced/|title=30-man shortlist for 2019 Ballon d'Or announced|accessdate=21 October 2019|work=sen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2 December 2019|title=Lionel Messi remporte le Ballon d'Or France Football pour la sixième fois de l'histoire|language=fr|work=France Football|url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Lionel-messi-remporte-le-ballon-d-or-france-football-pour-la-sixieme-fois-de-l-histoire/1085998|accessdate=2 December 2019}}</ref> Ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị, ọ gbara otu ugboro ma nyere goolu abụọ ọzọ ka Liverpool meriri Everton 5ī2 na Merseyside derby iji gbasaa ọsọ ha na-enweghị mmeri na egwuregwu bọọlụ league ruo egwuregwu 32, nke bụ ndekọ ọhụrụ nke klọb.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2019/12/04/liverpool-vs-everton-premier-league-live-score-latest-updates/|title=Liverpool put five past Everton for new unbeaten club record as Marco Silva teeters on the brink after derby defeat|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=4 December 2019|accessdate=6 December 2019|author=Bascombe|first=Chris}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'ọnwa ahụ, Liverpool meriri 2019 FIFA Club World Cup, ebe Mané setịpụrụ goolu mmeri Firmino gbara na nke ikpeazụ megide Flamengo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Firmino winner seals Club World Cup win|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50869633?isBumped=0&postFreq=0&isEmpty=0&isProfane=0&tooLong=0&charCount=0&isAwaitingProcessPreMod=0&isSubmitted=1&filter=none&initial_page_size=10&postId=137711507|accessdate=21 December 2019|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> Na 7 Jenụwarị 2020, a kpọrọ Mané onye na-agba bọọlụ nke afọ nke CAF.<ref name="Guardian070120">{{Cite news|author=Aarons|first=Ed|title=Liverpool's Sadio Mané named African Footballer of the Year for first time|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/jan/07/liverpools-sadio-mane-named-african-footballer-of-the-year-for-first-time|work=The Guardian|date=7 January 2020|accessdate=7 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Andrews|first=Patrick|title=Sadio Mané new king of Africa|url=https://football-news24.com/news/sadio-mane-new-king-of-africa/|work=football-news24.com|date=8 January 2020|accessdate=8 January 2020}}</ref> Ọ bụ naanị onye Senegal nke abụọ (mgbe El Hadji Diouf gasịrị) meriri ihe nrite a.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2020/1/7/sadio-mane-has-been-named-the-2019-african-player-of-the-year|title=Sadio Mané has been named the 2019 African Player of the Year|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=7 January 2020|accessdate=8 January 2020}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị, Mané gbara onye mmeri na mmeri 3 na2 n'ụlọ megide West Ham United na Premier League ka Liverpool mere ya mmeri iri abụọ na otu n'ụlọ, ihe ndekọ league ya na ndị otu Bill Shankly Liverpool site na 1972, ma mee ka ọ bụrụ mmeri iri na asatọ na Premier League.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/liverpool-equal-premier-league-winning-run-record-a4370351.html|title=Liverpool equal Premier League winning run record with victory over West Ham|accessdate=24 February 2020|date=24 February 2020|work=Evening Standard|first=Malik|author=Ouzia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Which Premier League records can Liverpool break?|url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/1561869|accessdate=25 February 2020|publisher=Premier League}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke asaa n'ọnwa Machị, Mané gbara goolu mmeri na mmeri 2 na Bournemouth na Anfield ka Liverpool setịpụrụ ndekọ ọhụrụ nke ndị England nke mmeri 22 n'ụlọ n'usoro.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Salah and Milner reaction: 'We showed our mentality to win'|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/389748-salah-milner-liverpool-mentality-bournemouth-reaction|accessdate=7 March 2020|publisher=Liverpool F.C.}}</ref> Liverpool gara n'ihu merie Premier League na ngwụcha oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 June 2020|title=Liverpool confirmed as Premier League champions|url=http://www.premierleague.com/news/1697247|accessdate=5 February 2021|work=www.premierleague.com}}</ref> ==== Oge nke afọ 2020 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2020, Mané meghere ihe ndekọ ịgba goolu ya na 2020 Premier League na goolu abụọ Liverpool gbara na mmeri 2 na Chelsea.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chelsea 0 Liverpool 2|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/54135434|accessdate=20 September 2020|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, a chọpụtara na Mané nwere COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sadio Mane tests positive for COVID-19|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/411091-sadio-mane-tests-positive-for-covid-19|date=2 October 2020|work=Liverpool FC}}</ref> N'iburu ya na Liverpool n'uche, Mané kwuru na 2020 bụ oge kachasị njọ n'ọrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Liverpool's Sadio Mané admits to enduring 'worst season of my career'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/may/11/liverpools-sadio-mane-admits-to-enduring-worst-season-of-my-career|date=11 May 2021|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 2021, ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke oge League, Mané gbara bọọlụ na mmeri 2 na Crystal Palace wee nweta ọkwa nke atọ maka Liverpool na iru eru maka oge Champions League na-esote.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/57132111|title=Liverpool 2–0 Crystal Palace|work=BBC Sport|date=23 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Premier League hits and misses: Farewell Sergio Aguero, Liverpool's second chance, Arsenal's glimpse of future|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11661/12314477/premier-league-hits-and-misses-farewell-sergio-aguero-liverpools-second-chance-arsenals-glimpse-of-future|date=24 May 2021|work=SkySports}}</ref> ==== Oge nke afọ 2021 ==== [[Usòrò:Liverpool_FC_gegen_1._FSV_Mainz_05_(Testspiel_23._Juli_2021)_05.jpg|thumb|Mané na Salah n'oge egwuregwu tupu oge ezumike na 2021]] N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2021, Mané gbara goolu nke 100 ya na Liverpool na mmeri 3 na Crystal Palace na Premier League.<ref name="Mané 100" /> Goolu ahụ megide Crystal Palace hụkwara Mané setịpụrụ ndekọ Premier League ọhụrụ site n'ịghọ onye ọkpụkpọ mbụ gbara bọọlụ n'egwuregwu league itoolu n'usoro megide otu onye mmegide ahụ.<ref name="Mané 100">{{Cite news|title=Mané scores 100th goal in Liverpool win|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58525384|accessdate=18 September 2021|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Mané gbara goolu nke 100 ya na Premier League wee bụrụ onye Afrịka nke atọ ruru akara ahụ mgbe Didier Drogba na Salah na goolu mmeghe nke Liverpool na mmeri 5 na Watford.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sadio Mane: Liverpool winger reaches 100 Premier League goals to join Mohamed Salah in '100 Club'|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11661/12432092/sadio-mane-liverpool-winger-reaches-100-premier-league-goals-to-join-mohamed-salah-in-100-club|accessdate=16 October 2021|work=Sky Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Watford 0-5 Liverpool: Roberto Firmino hat-trick and Mohamed Salah scores another stunner|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58833884|accessdate=16 October 2021|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2022, mgbe ọ gbara afọ iri atọ, Mané gbara goolu Liverpool gbara n'egwuregwu ha na Manchester City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-au/news/liverpool-s-mane-joins-rooney-in-hallowed-premier-league/bltae349183109ad807|title=Liverpool's Mane joins Rooney in hallowed Premier League ranks with Manchester City goal|date=11 April 2022|accessdate=11 April 2022|work=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|author=Oludare, Shina}}</ref> Mané wee soro nke a site na goolu abụọ megide otu ndị mmegide ahụ na 16 Eprel na Wembley Stadium na ọkara ikpeazụ nke FA Cup, na mmeri 3102 iji nyere Liverpool aka iru FA Cup Final mbụ ha kemgbe 2012, nke ha mechara merie.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Manchester City 2 Liverpool 3|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61120882|accessdate=27 April 2022|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke atọ n'ọnwa Mee, ọ gbara goolu mmeri na mmeri 3 na-aga Villarreal na ọkara ikpeazụ nke Champions League, iji chekwaa ọnọdụ ndị otu ya na nke ikpeazụ, nke Liverpool mechara merie Real Madrid na 1 na 0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://talksport.com/football/1100380/liverpool-sadio-mane-equals-frank-lampard-champions-league-record/|title=ICONIC Liverpool star Sadio Mane equals incredible Frank Lampard stat in Champions League semi-final clash with goal in comeback win against Villarreal|work=Talksport|date=4 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=634861|title=Real Madrid overcome Liverpool to clinch record 14th Champions League title|work=ESBN|date=28 May 2022}}</ref> === Bayern Munich === Na 22 June 2022, Mané sonyeere klọb Bundesliga Bayern Munich na nkwekọrịta ya na ndị Germany ruo 30 June 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 June 2022|title=FC Bayern sign Sadio Mané|url=https://fcbayern.com/en/news/2022/06/fc-bayern-sign-sadio-mane|work=fcbayern.com}}</ref> A kọrọ na ego ahụ bụ € 32 nde (£ 27.4m) nke nwere ike ịrị elu ruo € 41 nde (£ 35m) dabere na ọdịdị tinyere ihe ndị mmadụ na ndị otu rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mane leaves Liverpool to join Bayern in £35m deal|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/61877332|accessdate=22 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=22 June 2022|title=Mane leaves Liverpool to join Bayern Munich|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/soccer-transfers/story/4689018/liverpools-sadio-mane-joins-bayern-munichending-trophy-filled-six-years-at-anfield|accessdate=22 June 2022|work=ESPN.com}}</ref> N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2022, Mane mere nke mbụ ya, malite na 2022 DFL-Supercup wee gbaa goolu mbụ ya iji nyere Bayern aka imeri RB Leipzig na Red Bull Arena.<ref>{{Cite news|date=30 July 2022|title=Mane scores first Bayern goal in Super Cup win|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/62363061|accessdate=6 August 2022}}</ref> Ọ sochiri nke a otu izu ka e mesịrị site na goolu mbụ ya na Bundesliga na mmeri 6 na 1 na Eintracht Frankfurt.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eintracht Frankfurt 1 Bayern Munich 6|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62443884|work=BBc Sport|accessdate=6 August 2022|date=5 August 2022}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Mané so n'òtù Senegal na asọmpi Olympic nke afọ 2012, ma malite egwuregwu ọ bụla ka ha na-aga n'ihu site na Group A dị ka ndị na-esote Great Britain tupu ha efunahụ 4102 mgbe oge gbakwunyere na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ na ndị mmeri Mexico. A chụpụrụ Mané n'òtù ndị Senegal maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2015 mgbe o merụrụ nwa ehi ahụ na mmeri Southampton meriri Arsenal na 1 Jenụwarị 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sadio Mané: Senegal midfielder to miss Africa Cup of Nations|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/30676190|accessdate=5 January 2015|work=BBC Sport|date=4 January 2014}}</ref> O mechara laghachi na ndị otu ahụ, wee malite n'egwuregwu abụọ ikpeazụ ha na South Africa na Algeria na mpụga nke otu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Begley|first=Emlyn|title=South Africa 1–1 Senegal|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/30843618|accessdate=23 February 2015|work=BBC Sport|date=23 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Hughes|first=Ian|title=Senegal 0–2 Algeria|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30891881|accessdate=23 February 2015|work=BBC Sport|date=27 January 2015}}</ref> Mané nọchitere anya Senegal na 2017 Africa Cup of Nations na Gabon ma gbaa goolu na egwuregwu abụọ mbụ nke mba ahụ, mmeri 2 na Tunisia na Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisisanfield.com/2017/01/senegal-africa-cup-nations-quarter-finals-sadio-mane-scores/|title=Senegal through to Africa Cup of Nations quarter-finals as Sadio Mane scores again|work=This is Anfield|author=Lusby|first=Jack|date=20 January 2017|accessdate=29 January 2017}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nwesịrị mmeri na-enweghị ihe mgbaru ọsọ na asọmpi nke anọ na Cameroon, ọ hapụrụ penalty na shoot-out nke hụrụ Senegal wepụrụ na asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/jan/28/cameroon-senegal-sadio-mane-burkina-faso-tunisia-africa-cup-of-nations|title=Cameroon through to semi-finals after Senegal's Sadio Mané misses penalty|work=The Guardian|date=28 January 2017}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2018, a kpọrọ Mané aha na ndị otu iri abụọ na atọ nke Senegal maka 2018 FIFA World Cup na Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Revealed: Every World Cup 2018 squad – 23-man & preliminary lists & when will they be announced?|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/revealed-every-world-cup-2018-squad-23-man-preliminary-lists/oa0atsduflsv1nsf6oqk576rb|work=Goal.com|accessdate=18 May 2018}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mmeghe n'egwuregwu 2X2 megide Japan n'ọkwa otu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44439190|title=World Cup 2018: Japan come back twice against Senegal to draw 2–2|date=24 June 2018|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=25 June 2018}}</ref> Mané malitere egwuregwu atọ niile nke Senegal ka e wepụrụ ha mgbe nke mbụ gasịrị, na-agwụ n'okpuru Japan na ihe egwuregwu ziri ezi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/colombia-advance-to-last-16-senegal-eliminated|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709143025/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/colombia-advance-to-last-16-senegal-eliminated|archivedate=9 July 2018|title=Colombia advance to last 16, Senegal eliminated|date=28 June 2018|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=28 June 2018}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Finales_CAN_2021_(13).jpg|thumb|Mané na Senegal na 2021 Africa Cup of Nations.]] A kpọrọ Mané ọzọ ka ọ bịa na ndị otu ikpeazụ nke Senegal maka 2019 Africa Cup of Nations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2019/06/13/senegal-announce-strong-afcon-squad/|title=Senegal announce strong AFCON squad|work=KingFut|date=13 June 2019|accessdate=23 June 2019}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu abụọ ma hapụ penalty na mmeri 3 na Kenya, ebe Senegal mechara nke abụọ na mpaghara otu wee ruo eru maka ọkwa knockout.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kenya 0–3 Senegal|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48740626|accessdate=20 March 2020|work=BBC Sport|date=1 July 2019}}</ref> Mané gbara naanị goolu nke egwuregwu ahụ wee hapụ penalty ọzọ na mmeri Senegal meriri Uganda na agba nke iri na isii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uganda 0–1 Senegal|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48795601|accessdate=20 March 2020|work=BBC Sport|date=5 July 2019}}</ref> Ọ gbara bọọlụ n'egwuregwu atọ sochirinụ nke Senegal ka ha na-aga n'ihu na nke ikpeazụ, Algeria meriri ya n'egwú mmeghe nke Senegal na asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senegal 0–1 Algeria|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48959714|accessdate=20 March 2020|work=BBC Sport|date=19 July 2019}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị na ọ gwụchara asọmpi ahụ dị ka onye nke abụọ, a kpọrọ Mané aha na Team of the Tournament.<ref name="AFCON TOTY">{{Cite web|url=https://www.soccerladuma.co.za/news/articles/international/categories/afcon-2019/caf-announces-2019-africa-cup-of-nations-team-of-the-tourmanent/659542?gallery=659542&gallery-page=1|title=Caf Announces Afcon Team of The Tournament|work=soccerladuma.co.za|author=Kappel|first=David|date=21 July 2019|accessdate=25 July 2019|archivedate=7 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607140705/https://www.soccerladuma.co.za/news/articles/international/categories/afcon-2019/caf-announces-2019-africa-cup-of-nations-team-of-the-tourmanent/659542?gallery=659542&gallery-page=1}}</ref> Na 2021 Africa Cup of Nations, Mané gbara bọọlụ maka Senegal ka ha meriri asọmpi ahụ na nke mbụ ya. N'egwuregwu ikpeazụ ya na Egypt, egwuregwu nke mere ka ọ gaa megide onye otu ya na Liverpool bụ Mohamed Salah Mané hụrụ penalty ya na nkeji nke asaa, mana ọ gara n'ihu na-agba bọọlụ mmeri na penalty shoot-out.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sadio Mane named AFCON player of the tournament|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/sadio-mane-named-afcon-player-tournament|author=Williams|first=Sam|date=6 February 2022|accessdate=7 February 2022|work=Liverpool FC}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye na ịgba goolu siri ike iji merie iko ahụ, Mané gbara goolu atọ ma nwee enyemaka abụọ tupu nke ikpeazụ, a kpọkwara ya onye ọkpụkpọ nke asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Whitehead|first=Jacob|title=Sadio Mane named AFCON player of the tournament after Senegal triumph|url=https://theathletic.com/news/sadio-mane-named-afcon-player-of-the-tournament-after-senegal-triumph/v6gyftYnA6fk/|date=7 February 2022|accessdate=7 February 2022|work=The Athletic}}</ref> N'agba nke atọ nke asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke afọ 2022, o mekwara mmeri n'asọmpi penalty megide Ijipt mgbe ọ gbasịrị 1 01, iji mee ka mba ya ruo eruo na 2022 FIFA World Cup.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/60881797|title=World Cup 2022: Mane helps Senegal beat Egypt and qualify for Qatar after penalty shootout|work=BBC Sport|date=29 March 2022}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2022, Mané gbara goolu na mmeri ha meriri Benin n'asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2023, iji bụrụ onye kacha gbaa goolu iri atọ na abụọ na Senegal, karịa Henri Camara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/61692468|title=Sadio Mane shrugs off transfer talk in Senegal win in Nations Cup qualifier|work=BBC Sport|date=4 June 2022}}</ref> A họpụtara Mane dị ka akụkụ nke ndị otu mmadụ iri abụọ na isii ka ọ gbaa bọọlụ maka Senegal na World Cup 2022 na Qatar n'agbanyeghị mmerụ ahụ ọ merụrụ n'oge Bayern Munich 6-1 meriri Werder Bremen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allnews.ng/news/world-cup-2022-mane-makes-senegal-squad-for-qatar-full-list|title=World Cup 2022: Mane Makes Senegal Squad For Qatar [FULL LIST]|work=allnews.ng|date=11 November 2022|accessdate=11 November 2022|first=Oladimeji|author=Balogun}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allnews.ng/news/sane-injury-not-too-bad-bayern-allay-senegals-fear|title=Mane Injury 'Not Too Bad' — Bayern Allay Senegal's Fear|work=allnews.ng|date=9 November 2022|accessdate=11 November 2022|first=Oladimeji|author=Balogun}}</ref> == Ụdị egwuregwu == [[Usòrò:Spartak_Moscow_VS._Liverpool_(9).jpg|thumb|Mané na Liverpool na 2017]] A kọwara Mané dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ zuru oke nke na-egwu "n'ogo dị elu nke ike na itinye uche" site n'aka onye otu Liverpool bụ Fabinho.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-sa/news/mane-is-a-complete-player-makes-liverpool-tick-fabinho/rumcckf0xh9g1jq2mrl6a93xm|title=Liverpool news: 'Sadio Mané is a complete player & makes Reds tick' – Fabinho salutes 'great' Anfield colleague|author=Burton|first=Chris|date=14 June 2019|work=Goal.com|accessdate=1 January 2020}}</ref> Onye bụbu onye na-agbachitere Liverpool bụ Jamie Carragher kpọrọ Mané "onye na-agba ọsọ n'ụwa", na-eji ya tụnyere onye bụbu onye egwuregwu Liverpool bụ John Barnes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/world-class-mane-is-a-machine-says-carragher/2le5638cd63n1bp7amg00oj3x|title='World-class' Mané is a machine, says former Liverpool man Carragher|date=13 October 2019|work=Goal.com|accessdate=1 January 2020}}</ref> Onye bụbu onye na-agbachitere Ajax bụ Danny Blind jiri ya tụnyere Cristiano Ronaldo, onye toro ya maka ikike ya iji ụkwụ na isi gbaa bọọlụ, yana ịme ọsọ "dị ịtụnanya".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/dutch-legend-thinks-liverpools-sadio-17384044|title=Dutch legend thinks one Liverpool star can become new Ronaldo|author=O'Neill|first=Caoimhe|date=8 December 2019|work=Liverpool Echo|accessdate=1 January 2020}}</ref> Onye na-aga n'ihu n'ụzọ dịgasị iche iche, Mané bụ onye na-agba goolu, onye isi àgwà ya bụ njedebe ya, ọsọ, usoro, na aghụghọ ya, yana mkpebi ya, mmata usoro, ihe okike, agility, nguzozi, njikwa, aka na bọọlụ, na nkà dribbling.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/liverpools-sadio-mane-speeds-up-in-the-race-to-be-among-the/1av6te8eir9501tr8vxckxai5i|title=Mane speeds up in race to be among Premier League's best|work=Goal.com|author=Reddy|first=Melissa|date=27 August 2017|accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="rumours">{{Cite web|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2818029-sadio-mane-happy-at-liverpool-says-real-madrid-rumours-didnt-interest-him|title=Sadio Mane Happy at Liverpool, Says Real Madrid Rumours Didn't Interest Him|work=Bleacher Report|author=Jones|first=Matt|date=28 January 2019|accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="quiet kid">{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/2018/06/08/sadio-mane-was-the-quiet-kid-with-the-superstar-talent/35833843/|title=Sadio Mane was the 'quiet kid' with the superstar talent|work=USA Today|date=8 June 2018|accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="terrifying">{{Cite web|url=https://www.liverpool.com/liverpool-fc-news/features/liverpool-sadio-mane-jurgen-klopp-17742762|title=Sadio Mané is doing something Neymar and Hazard aren't, making him a uniquely terrifying fighter|publisher=Liverpool F.C.|author=Austin|first=Daniel|date=14 February 2020|accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/man-utd-liverpool-sadio-mane-17818963|title=Man Utd boss Solskjaer names the Club Brugge player who reminds him of Liverpool FC star Sadio Mane|work=Manchester Evening News|author=Marshall|first=Tyrone|date=26 February 2020|accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref> Ọ dọtara otuto na mgbasa ozi maka egwuregwu ya nwere ọgụgụ isi, ịgafe, na ikike ya ịbanye n'ọnọdụ dị mma, nke ọ nwere ike ịgba goolu ma ọ bụ mepụta ohere maka ndị otu.<ref name="rumours" /><ref name="quiet kid" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liverpool.com/liverpool-fc-news/features/sadio-mane-liverpool-champions-league-17399995|title=Sadio Mané has added a new facet to his game, eliminating his only remaining blind spot|publisher=Liverpool F.C.|author=Rabinowitz|first=Joel|date=11 December 2019|accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/sadio-mane-stars-as-creator-and-finisher-as-liverpool-look-short-/5ljdcf8sgbbc1fim2q7qmrl90|title=Sadio Mane stars as creator and finisher as Liverpool look short of guile again|work=Goal.com|author=Reddy|first=Melissa|date=19 August 2017|accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref> A maara ya maka àgwà ya dị jụụ na nke ihere, e gosikwara ikike ya ịnagide nrụgide dị ka otu n'ime ike ya.<ref name="quiet kid" /> E wezụga àgwà ya, nkà na ụzụ, na okike, ndị ọkachamara achọpụtala na ọ na-arụ ọrụ nchebe ya dị elu, yana ikike ya n'ime ikuku, n'agbanyeghị ịdị elu ya dị ala nke 1.75m (5' 9").<ref name="terrifying" /> Mané na-egwuri egwu dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ n'akụkụ aka ekpe, ọnọdụ nke na-enye ya ohere ịbanye n'etiti ma jiri ụkwụ aka nri ya siri ike gbaa goolu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liverpool.com/schedule/liverpool-sadio-mane-norwich-goal-17756340|title=Sadio Mané has become Liverpool's Arjen Robben, by doing the same in a totally opposite way|publisher=Liverpool F.C.|author=Austin|first=Daniel|date=16 February 2020|accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref> N'oge afọ 2021, site na mbinye aka nke Luis Díaz, Mané malitere igwu egwu dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ n'etiti.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pearce|first=James|title=Diaz's arrival has helped give outstanding Mane a new lease of life|url=https://theathletic.com/3254593/2022/04/17/diaz-arrival-helped-give-outstanding-mane-new-lease-life-liverpool/|work=The Athletic|accessdate=27 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Pearce|first=James|title=New deal for 'machine' Mane should be high on Liverpool's to-do list|url=https://theathletic.com/3305156/2022/05/11/sadio-manes-new-contract-should-be-a-priority-for-liverpool-after-keeping-title-hopes-alive/|work=The Athletic|accessdate=27 May 2022}}</ref> == Obodo na ọrụ ebere == N'afọ 2019, Mané nyere £ 250,000 ($ 319,103, € 284,813) iji wuo ụlọ akwụkwọ n'obodo ya bụ Bambali, Senegal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.as.com/en/2019/10/17/soccer/1571297668_422970.html|title=Sadio Mané: "Why would I want 10 Ferraris? How would that help me or the world?"|publisher=sa.com|date=17 October 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, o nyere £ 500,000 ($ 684,932, € 561,987) maka iwu ụlọ ọgwụ na Bambali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/22/football/sadio-mane-funds-hometown-hospital-spt-intl/index.html|title=Sadio Mane donates $693,000 to fund hospital in his hometown in Senegal|publisher=CNN|date=22 June 2021}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Mgbe ọ nọ na Liverpool Mané biri na Allerton, Liverpool, a na-ezu ohi ugboro abụọ, otu ugboro na Nọvemba 2017 na ọzọ na Febụwarị 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Burglars target homes of Liverpool's Mané and Lovren|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-41848346|accessdate=20 February 2019|work=BBC News|date=2 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sadio Mané: Liverpool forward's house burgled during Champions League match|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/47309681|accessdate=20 February 2019|work=BBC Sport|date=20 February 2019}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye Alakụba na-eme ihe ma mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ahụ ya ka ọ na-eme du'a tupu mmalite nke egwuregwu ọ bụla.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sadio Mané: The little man with a big heart who has fuelled Liverpool's title challenge|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/sadio-mane-little-man-big-12348124|first=James|author=Pearce|work=Liverpool Echo|date=20 December 2016|accessdate=14 January 2018}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === {{updated|match played 8 November 2022}}<ref name="sw">{{Soccerway|sadio-mane/201602|access-date=25 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FIXTURES / RESULTS 2012–13|url=http://www.ligue1.com/coupeLigue/calendrier_resultat#sai=81&jour=56 |publisher=Ligue 1 |access-date=2 September 2014}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko Mba ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- |Metz B |2011-12 |Asọmpi Mba nke 2 |12 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |12 |2 |- | rowspan="3" |Metz |2011-12 |Njikọ nke 2 |19 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |19 |1 |- |201213 |Asọmpi Mba |3 |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |4 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !22 !2 !0 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |Ọdịdị !23 !2 |- | rowspan="4" |Red Bull Salzburg |201213 |Austrian Bundesliga |26 |16 |3 |3 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |29 |19 |- |201314 |Austrian Bundesliga |33 |13 |4 |5 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |13 [Lower-alpha 1] |5 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |50 |23 |- |2014-15 |Austrian Bundesliga |4 |2 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |3 [Lower-alpha 2] |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |8 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !63 !31 !8 !9 !0 !0 !16 !5 ! colspan="2" |Ọdịdị !87 !45 |- | rowspan="3" |Southampton |2014-15 |Njikọ Premier |30 |10 |0 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |32 |10 |- |201516 |Njikọ Premier |37 |11 |1 |0 |2 |3 |3 [Lower-alpha 3] |1 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |43 |15 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !67 !21 !1 !0 !4 !3 !3 !1 ! colspan="2" |Ọdịdị !75 !25 |- | rowspan="7" |Liverpool |201617 |Njikọ Premier |27 |13 |0 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |29 |13 |- |2017 18 |Njikọ Premier |29 |10 |2 |0 |0 |0 |13 [Lower-alpha 2] |10 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |44 |20 |- |201819 |Njikọ Premier |36 |22 |0 |0 |1 |0 |13 [Lower-alpha 2] |4 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |50 |26 |- |201920 |Njikọ Premier |35 |18 |1 |0 |0 |0 |8[Lower-alpha 2] |2 |3 [Lower-alpha 4] |2 |47 |22 |- |2020 21 |Njikọ Premier |35 |11 |2 |2 |0 |0 |10 [Lower-alpha 2] |3 |1 [nke dị ala-alpha 5] |0 |48 |16 |- |2021 22 |Njikọ Premier |34 |16 |3 |2 |1 |0 |13 [Lower-alpha 2] |5 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |51 |23 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !196 !90 !8 !4 !4 !0 !57 !24 !4 !2 !269 !120 |- |Bayern Munich |202223 |Bundesliga |14 |6 |2 |1 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |6 [Lower-alpha 2] |3 |1 [nke dị ala-alpha 6] |1 |23 |11 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ zuru ezu !374 !152 !19 !14 !9 !3 !82 !33 !5 !3 !489 !205 |} {{notelist}} === Mba ụwa === {{updated|match played 27 September 2022}}<ref name="NFT Profile">{{NFT player|id=47674|access-date=20 January 2014}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="11" |Senegal |2012 |6 |2 |- |2013 |8 |1 |- |2014 |9 |3 |- |2015 |9 |3 |- |2016 |7 |1 |- |2017 |10 |4 |- |2018 |9 |1 |- |2019 |11 |4 |- |2020 |2 |2 |- |2021 |9 |5 |- |2022 |13 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !93 !34 |} : ''Ka ọ na-erule egwuregwu a gbara na 24 Septemba 2022. Akara Senegal depụtara nke mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ọ bụla Mané gbara.''<ref name="NFT Profile"></ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Sadio Mané gbara ! scope="col" |Mba. ! scope="col" |Ụbọchị ! scope="col" |Ebe a na-anọ ! scope="col" |Isi ! scope="col" |Onye mmegide ! scope="col" |Ihe ndị a tụrụ ! scope="col" |Nsonaazụ ! scope="col" |Ịsọ mpi |- | align="center" |1 |2 June 2012 |Egwuregwu Léopold Sédar Senghor, Dakar, Senegal | align="center" |2 | Liberia | align="center" |31 Nke 1 | align="center" |31 Nke 1 |2014 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- | align="center" |2 |14 Nọvemba 2012 |Stade Général Seyni Kountché, Niamey, Niger | align="center" |6 | Niger | align="center" |1 1 1 1 | align="center" |1 1 1 1 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- | align="center" |3 |7 Septemba 2013 |Ogige egwuregwu Marrakech, Marrakesh, Morocco | align="center" |12 | Uganda | align="center" |1 0 | align="center" |1 0 |2014 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- | align="center" |4 |5 Machị 2014 |Stade Municipal Saint-Leu-la-Forêt, Saint-Leun-la-forêt, France | align="center" |15 | Mali | align="center" |1 0 | align="center" |1 1 1 1 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- | align="center" |5 |5 Septemba 2014 |Egwuregwu Léopold Sédar Senghor, Dakar, Senegal | align="center" |18 | Egypt | align="center" |2 na 0 | align="center" |2 na 0 |2015 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- | align="center" |6 |10 Septemba 2014 |Botswana National Stadium, Gaborone, Botswana | align="center" |19 | Botswana | align="center" |1 0 | align="center" |2 na 0 |2015 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- | align="center" |7 |13 June 2015 |Egwuregwu Léopold Sédar Senghor, Dakar, Senegal | align="center" |27 | Burundi | align="center" |31 Nke 1 | align="center" |31 Nke 1 |2017 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- | align="center" |8 |5 Septemba 2015 |Sam Nujoma Stadium, Windhoek, Namibia | align="center" |28 | Namibia | align="center" |2 na 0 | align="center" |2 na 0 |2017 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- | align="center" |9 |13 Nọvemba 2015 |Mahamasina Municipal Stadium, Antananarivo, Madagascar | align="center" |31 | Madagascar | align="center" |2 Na2 | align="center" |2 Na2 |2018 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- | align="center" |10 |4 June 2016 |Prince Louis Rwagasore Stadium, Bujumbura, Burundi | align="center" |36 | Burundi | align="center" |1 0 | align="center" |2 na 0 |2017 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- | align="center" |11 |15 Jenụwarị 2017 |Stade de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon | align="center" |41 | Tunisia | align="center" |1 0 | align="center" |2 na 0 |2017 Iko Mba Afrịka |- | align="center" |12 |19 Jenụwarị 2017 |Stade de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon | align="center" |42 | Zimbabwe | align="center" |1 0 | align="center" |2 na 0 |2017 Iko Mba Afrịka |- | align="center" |13 |27 Machị 2017 |Stade Sébastien Charléty, Paris, France | align="center" |45 | Ivory Coast | align="center" |1 0 | align="center" |1 1 1 1 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- | align="center" |14 |5 Septemba 2017 |Ogige egwuregwu nke August 4, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso | align="center" |47 | Burkina Faso | align="center" |2 Na2 | align="center" |2 Na2 |2018 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- | align="center" |15 |24 June 2018 |Central Stadium, Yekaterinburg, Russia | align="center" |54 | Japan | align="center" |1 0 | align="center" |2 Na2 |2018 FIFA World Cup |- | align="center" |16 |26 Machị 2019 |Egwuregwu Léopold Sédar Senghor, Dakar, Senegal | align="center" |60 | Mali | align="center" |1 1 1 1 | align="center" |2 1 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- | align="center" |17 | rowspan="2" |1 Julaị 2019 | rowspan="2" |30 June Stadium, Cairo, Egypt | rowspan="2" align="center" |62 | rowspan="2" | Kenya | align="center" |2 na 0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |30 | rowspan="2" |2019 Iko Mba Afrịka |- | align="center" |18 | align="center" |30 |- | align="center" |19 |5 Julaị 2019 |Cairo International Stadium, Cairo, Egypt | align="center" |63 | Uganda | align="center" |1 0 | align="center" |1 0 |2019 Iko Mba Afrịka |- | align="center" |20 |11 Nọvemba 2020 |Ogige Lat-Dior, Thiès, Senegal | align="center" |70 | Guinea-Bissau | align="center" |1 0 | align="center" |2 na 0 |2021 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- | align="center" |21 |15 Nọvemba 2020 |Estádio 24 de Setembre, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau | align="center" |71 | Guinea-Bissau | align="center" |1 0 | align="center" |1 0 |2021 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- | align="center" |22 |5 June 2021 |Ogige Lat-Dior, Thiès, Senegal | align="center" |74 | Zambia | align="center" |1 0 | align="center" |31 Nke 1 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- | align="center" |23 |8 June 2021 |Ogige Lat-Dior, Thiès, Senegal | align="center" |75 | Cape Verde | align="center" |2 na 0 | align="center" |2 na 0 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- | align="center" |24 |1 Septemba 2021 |Ogige Lat-Dior, Thiès, Senegal | align="center" |76 | Togo | align="center" |1 0 | align="center" |2 na 0 |2022 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- | align="center" |25 |7 Septemba 2021 |Stade Alphonse Massamba-Débat, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo | align="center" |77 | Congo | align="center" |31 Nke 1 | align="center" |31 Nke 1 |2022 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- | align="center" |26 |9 Ọktoba 2021 |Ogige Lat-Dior, Thiès, Senegal | align="center" |78 | Namibia | align="center" |30 | align="center" |4 Na 1 |2022 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- | align="center" |27 |10 Jenụwarị 2022 |Kouekong Stadium, Bafoussam, Cameroon | align="center" |81 | Zimbabwe | align="center" |1 0 | align="center" |1 0 |2021 Iko Mba Afrịka |- | align="center" |28 |25 Jenụwarị 2022 |Kouekong Stadium, Bafoussam, Cameroon | align="center" |84 | Cape Verde | align="center" |1 0 | align="center" |2 na 0 |2021 Iko Mba Afrịka |- | align="center" |29 |2 Febụwarị 2022 |Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon | align="center" |86 | Burkina Faso | align="center" |31 Nke 1 | align="center" |31 Nke 1 |2021 Iko Mba Afrịka |- | align="center" |30 | rowspan="3" |4 June 2022 | rowspan="3" |Diamniadio Olympic Stadium, Dakar, Senegal | rowspan="3" align="center" |90 | rowspan="3" | Benin | align="center" |1 0 | rowspan="3" align="center" |31 Nke 1 | rowspan="3" |Ntinye aka nke iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2023 |- | align="center" |31 | align="center" |2 na 0 |- | align="center" |32 | align="center" |30 |- | align="center" |33 |7 June 2022 |Diamniadio Olympic Stadium, Dakar, Senegal | align="center" |91 | Rwanda | align="center" |1 0 | align="center" |1 0 |Ntinye aka nke iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2023 |- | align="center" |34 |24 Septemba 2022 |Stade de la Source, Orléans, France | align="center" |92 | Bolivia | align="center" |2 na 0 | align="center" |2 na 0 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |} == Nsọpụrụ == '''Red Bull Salzburg''' * Austrian Bundesliga: 2013 na 14 * Iko mba Austria: 2013 na 14 '''Liverpool''' * Premier League: 201920<ref name="PremProfile">{{Cite web|url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/6519/Sadio-Man%C3%A9/overview|title=Sadio Mané: Overview|publisher=Premier League|accessdate=9 August 2020|archivedate=23 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623083029/https://www.premierleague.com/players/6519/Sadio-Man%C3%A9/overview}}</ref> * Iko FA: 2021<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61429640|title=Chelsea 0–0 Liverpool|first=Phil|author=McNulty|work=BBC Sport|date=14 May 2022|accessdate=14 May 2022}}</ref> * Iko EFL: 202122<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60450274|title=Chelsea 0–0 Liverpool|first=Phil|author=McNulty|work=BBC Sport|date=27 February 2022|accessdate=27 February 2022}}</ref> * UEFA Champions League: 2018-19; onye nke abụọ: 2017-18, 2021-22<ref name="2018–19UCL"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44258022|title=Real Madrid 3–1 Liverpool|first=Phil|author=McNulty|work=BBC Sport|date=26 May 2018|accessdate=27 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61609200|title=Liverpool 0–1 Real Madrid: Reds beaten in Paris as Vinicius Jr hits winner|first=Phil|author=McNulty|work=BBC Sport|date=28 May 2022|accessdate=28 May 2022}}</ref> * UEFA Super Cup: 2019<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49332825|title=Liverpool 2–2 Chelsea|first=Gary|author=Rose|work=BBC Sport|date=14 August 2019|accessdate=15 August 2019}}</ref> * FIFA Club World Cup: 2019<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50869633|title=Liverpool 1–0 Flamengo|first=Harry|author=Poole|work=BBC Sport|date=21 December 2019|accessdate=21 December 2019}}</ref> '''Bayern Munich''' * DFL-Supercup: 2022<ref>{{Cite web|title=RB Leipzig 3–5 Bayern Munich: Sadio Mane scores on debut in German Super Cup win|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62363061|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=31 July 2022|date=30 July 2022}}</ref> '''Senegal''' * Africa Cup of Nations: 2021; onye nke abụọ: 2019<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48959714|title=Senegal 0–1 Algeria|first=Gary|author=Rose|work=BBC Sport|date=19 July 2019|accessdate=19 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/liverpool/news/africa-cup-of-nations-senegal-beat-egypt-to-win-final-afcon|title=Africa Cup Of Nations: Senegal Beat Egypt To Win Final (AFCON)|work=Sports Illustrated|date=6 February 2022|accessdate=6 February 2022}}</ref> '''Onye ọ bụla''' * Onyinye Socrates: 2022<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 October 2022|title=Sadio Mane wins Socrates Award for charity work|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/sadio-mane-wins-socrates-prize-ballon-d-or-charity-work-bayern-munich-liverpool-senegal-21592|accessdate=17 October 2022|work=Bundesliga|language=}}</ref> * CAF Team of the Year: 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019<ref>{{Cite news|title=Aubameyang, Samatta Rule Africa|url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-US/NewsCenter/News/NewsDetails?id=rIVF4WCnlfavi%2FKHOwXX6w%3D%3D|publisher=Confederation of African Football|date=7 January 2016|accessdate=28 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-US/NewsCenter/News/NewsDetails?id=JjXA1yebDNx8I52tgKCOlg%3d%3d|title=CAF – CAF Awards – Previous Editions – 2016|publisher=Confederation of African Football|accessdate=7 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Salah and Mané Picked in First Africa Best 11|url=https://fifpro.org/news/salah-mahrez-and-mane-in-first-africa-best-11/en/|publisher=FIFPro|date=8 January 2019|accessdate=8 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Mané, Oshoala named African Footballers of 2019 at CAF Awards|url=https://www.cafonline.com/awards/news/mane-oshoala-named-african-footballers-of-2019-at-caf-awards|publisher=Confederation of African Football|date=7 January 2020|accessdate=7 January 2020}}</ref> * PFA Team of the Year: 201617 Premier League, 201819 Premier League, 201920 Premier League, 202122 Premier League<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61736732|title=Mohamed Salah and Sam Kerr win PFA player of year awards|publisher=BBC Sport|date=9 June 2022|accessdate=9 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="PFA1617"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48028713|title=PFA Team of the Year: Paul Pogba, Raheem Sterling and Sadio Mané included in side|work=BBC Sport|date=25 April 2019|accessdate=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/54044861|title=PFA Player of the Year: Kevin de Bruyne and Beth England named 2020 winners|work=BBC Sport|date=8 September 2020|accessdate=8 September 2020}}</ref> * PFA Fans' Player of the Month: August & September 2016, August 2018, March 2019<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 September 2016|title=Liverpool forward Sadio Mane wins PFA Fans' Premier League Player of the Month|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11669/10595106/liverpool-forward-sadio-mane-wins-pfa-fans-premier-league-player-of-the-month|accessdate=18 October 2022|work=Sky Sports|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Morakinyo|first=Tosin|date=3 September 2018|title=Sadio Mane wins PFA Fans’ Player of the Month award|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/sadio-mane-wins-pfa-fans-player-of-the-month-award/1ic40mztkpwu411nuaznim0za7|accessdate=18 October 2022|work=Goal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Taiwo|first=Taiye|date=8 April 2019|title=Liverpool's Sadio Mane named PFA Fans’ Player of the Month|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/liverpools-sadio-mane-named-pfa-fans-player-of-the-month/la5p9ttexgo17v44t4hx5hy3|accessdate=18 October 2022|work=Goal}}</ref> * Onye egwuregwu Premier League nke ọnwa: August 2017, March 2019, November 2019<ref name="PremProfile"/> * Liverpool Fans' Player of the Season Award: 201617<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11669/10870841/liverpools-sadio-mane-scoops-two-player-of-the-year-awards|title=Liverpool's Sadio Mané scoops two Player of the Year awards|date=9 May 2017|work=Sky Sports|accessdate=18 May 2017}}</ref> * Liverpool Players' Player of the Season Award: 201617<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/sadio-mane-double-2017-liverpool-13011798|title=Sadio Mané does the double at 2017 Liverpool Players' Awards|date=9 May 2017|work=Liverpool Echo|accessdate=18 May 2017}}</ref> * Golden Boot nke Premier League: 2018-19<ref name="PremProfile" /> * Ndị otu UEFA Champions League nke Oge: 2018X19<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2607890.html|title=UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season|publisher=UEFA|date=2 June 2019|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> * UEFA Team of the Year: 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2637433.html|title=UEFA.com fans' Team of the Year 2019 revealed|publisher=UEFA|date=15 January 2020|accessdate=15 January 2020}}</ref> * Onye egwuregwu nke asọmpi iko mba Afrịka: 2021<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cafonline.com/press-release/news/mane-cisse-mendy-aboubakar-take-totalenergies-afcon-individual-awards|title=Mane, Cissé, Mendy, Aboubakar take TotalEnergies AFCON individual awards|publisher=Confederation of African Football|date=8 February 2022|accessdate=8 February 2022}}</ref> * Africa Cup of Nations Team nke asọmpi ahụ: 2019, 2021<ref name="AFCON TOTY"/> * Onye bọọlụ bọọlụ Afrịka nke Afọ: 2019, 2022<ref name="Guardian070120"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/51020846|title=Sadio Mané: Liverpool and Senegal forward named Caf African Player of the Year|work=BBC Sport|date=7 January 2020|accessdate=7 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=|date=21 July 2022|title=Sadio Mane awarded African player of the year|url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/07/21/sadio-mane-awarded-african-player-of-the-year/|accessdate=21 July 2022|work=Africanews|language=|archivedate=3 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803071352/https://www.africanews.com/2022/07/21/sadio-mane-awarded-african-player-of-the-year//}}</ref> * Iri na otu ọla edo: 2018-19<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shop.onzemondial.com/produit/numero-327-onze-dor-2019-sadio-mane-le-tube-de-lete/|title=Onze d'Or 2019, Sadio Mané le tube de l'été !|date=6 June 2019|work=Onze Mondial|language=fr|accessdate=6 June 2019|archivedate=7 June 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607235459/https://shop.onzemondial.com/produit/numero-327-onze-dor-2019-sadio-mane-le-tube-de-lete/}}</ref> * IFFHS Men's World Team: 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iffhs.de/iffhs-awards-the-iffhs-men-world-team-of-the-year-2019/|title=IFFHS Awards 2019 – The IFFHS Men World Team of the Year 2019|publisher=International Federation of Football History & Statistics|date=30 November 2019|accessdate=30 November 2019}}</ref> * ESM Team nke Afọ: 2018<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reus, Kimmich und ter Stegen im ESM-Team der Saison|url=https://www.kicker.de/750955/slideshow|work=kicker|accessdate=27 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630143727/https://www.kicker.de/750955/slideshow|archivedate=30 June 2019|language=de}}</ref> 1910 * PFA Fans' Player of the Year: 2019X20 Premier League<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/405685-sadio-mane-wins-pfa-fans-player-of-the-year-award|title=Sadio Mane wins PFA Fans' Player of the Year award|publisher=Liverpool F.C.|date=17 August 2020|accessdate=17 August 2020}}</ref> * IFFHS CAF Men Team of The Year: 2020<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 December 2020|title=CAF MEN TEAM 2020 by IFFHS|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/832|accessdate=13 December 2020|work=IFFHS}}</ref> * IFFHS CAF Men's Team of the Decade 2011 2020<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 January 2021|title=IFFHS (International Federation of Football for History & Statistics)|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/926|accessdate=31 January 2021|work=IFFHS}}</ref> * IFFHS Best CAF Men's Player of the Year: 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iffhs.com/index.php/posts/870|title=THE BEST MAN PLAYER IN CAF 2020 : SADIO MANE (SENEGAL/LIVERPOOL FC)|work=IFFHS|date=31 December 2020|accessdate=31 December 2020}}</ref> == Ihe odide == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 591m8ini7d9gxwzpgegw79943aosaw9 0 26153 628562 146126 2026-04-01T15:53:47Z Geraldine Kene 23189 Fixed reference error 628562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ogige Ntụrụndụ Bia''' bụ ogige ntụrụndụ dị na mpaghara Bia na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke [[Ghana]] . Ọ bụkwa ebe nchekwa ihe ndị dị ndụ nke nwere ebe nchekwa ihe onwunwe 563 square kilomita. O nwere ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị fọdụrụ na Ghana nke oké ọhịa a na emetụbeghị aka zuru oke na ụdị anụ ọhịa dị iche iche. A na-ahụ ụfọdụ n'ime osisi ndị kachasị elu fọdụrụ na West Africa na ogige ntụrụndụ a.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tourism.thinkghana.com/nature_wildlife/bia_national_park/|title=Bia National Park|work=tourism.thinkghana.com|accessdate=2 January 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123001351/http://tourism.thinkghana.com/nature_wildlife/bia_national_park/|archivedate=23 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaexpeditions.com/regions/highlight_detail.asp?id=&rdid=452|title=Wildlife and Nature Reserves|work=ghanaexpeditions.com|accessdate=2 January 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711091737/http://www.ghanaexpeditions.com/regions/highlight_detail.asp?id=&rdid=452|archivedate=11 July 2011}}</ref> Ọ bụ ebe nchekwa ejima a na-akpọ Bia National Park na Bia Resource Reserve.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The Bia National Park and Bia Resource Reserve, Ghana|url=https://www.fcghana.org/page.php?page=268&section=32&typ=1&subs=274|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=www.fcghana.org|archivedate=2022-06-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610144852/https://fcghana.org/page.php/?page=268&section=32&typ=1&subs=274}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-22|title=Bia Biosphere Reserve, Ghana|url=https://en.unesco.org/biosphere/africa/bia|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=UNESCO|language=en}}</ref> Ogige Ntụrụndụ Bia dị nso n'ókè Ivorian, Osimiri Bia, na ndị na eso ya na asọba n'ógbè mmiri Ivorian. A na ahụ ya na mpaghara mgbanwe n'etiti ụdị ọhịa na acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ụdị ọhịa na na-acha ọkara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fcghana.com/eco_tourism/bia.htm|title=Bia National Park & Resource Reserve/Biosphere Reserve|work=fcghana.com|publisher=The Forestry Commission of Ghana|accessdate=2 January 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127124626/http://www.fcghana.com/eco_tourism/bia.htm|archivedate=27 January 2010}}</ref> Ịga n'ogige ntụrụndụ site na Kumasi bụ site na Bibiani, Sefwi Wiawso gaa Sefwi Asempanaye ma ọ bụ Goaso site na Sankore gaa Sefwe Asempanye. Site na Sunyani, enwere ike iru ya site na Berekum, Wanfi, Adabokrom na Debiso. Site na Côte d'Ivoire, enwere ike iru ogige ntụrụndụ site na Osei Kojokrom na Debiso.<ref name=":0"/> Ekere Bia na 1935 ma kpọọ ya aha Osimiri Bia nke na agbanye mmiri n'ógbè ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gh.chm-cbd.net/biodiversity/nationalparks.htm|title=National Parks in Ghana|work=chm-cbd.net|publisher=Ghanaian Clearing-House Mechanism|accessdate=2 January 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723041817/http://gh.chm-cbd.net/biodiversity/nationalparks.htm|archivedate=23 July 2011}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ ogige ntụrụndụ mba n'afọ 1974.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=December 30|first=Maxwell|date=2015-05-04|title=Bia National Park Ghana|url=https://www.africatouroperators.org/ghana/bia-national-park|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=Africa Tour Operators|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọrụ ugbo siri ike bibiri ọtụtụ ahịhịa mbụ dị n'ogige ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaembassy.or.jp/travel_tourism/wildlife_parks.html|title=Ghana National Game & Wildlife Parks|work=ghanaembassy.or.jp|publisher=The Ghana Embassy in Japan|accessdate=12 January 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, kemgbe 1975, ọ dịghị ọrụ mmadụ dịka ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ igbu osisi mere.<ref name= "Boyle-Boontawee p. 247">{{harvnb|Boyle|Boontawee|1995| p=247}}</ref>. N'afọ 1985, a kpọrọ ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ ebe nchekwa ihe ndị dị ndụ na ebe ihe nketa ụwa nke UNESCO. E nwere ihe dị ka ụdị anụmanụ 62 na enye nwa ara (gụnyere ụdị anụmanụ 10 nke bụ Oji na-acha ọcha Agba, Agba agba olive, red colobus monkeys na chimpanzees) a maara na ha bi n'ogige ahụ, na ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 189, gụnyere nnụnụ guinea na-acha ọcha, Nnụnụ ịhụnanya nwere oji,Cassinanish hawk, Honeyguide greenbul, Black-headed oriole, Brown na Puvelishish, Finchcher Thr, Greybelker wood, Green-headed, Green Spyarded.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bia National Park.|url=https://adventurebirdingtours.com/bia-national-park/|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=Adventure Birding Tours|language=en-GB|archivedate=2020-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126072349/http://adventurebirdingtours.com/bia-national-park/}}</ref> Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ bụkwa naanị ebe a maara nke ụdị ezé a chọtara ọhụrụ, ''Agama africana''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.travelcareholdings.com/nature.php|title=About Ghana|work=travelcareholdings.com|publisher=TravelCare Holdings|accessdate=4 January 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302033424/http://www.travelcareholdings.com/nature.php|archivedate=2 March 2010}}</ref> Ndị isi obodo antelope nke ọhịa na echebe na Ghana na ebikwa n'ogige ahụ. Enwere ike ịchọta enyí ọhịa na bongo nke a na azọrọ na ọ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ dị ukwuu n'ebe ahụ.<ref name=":0"/> Okporo ụzọ na okporo ụzọ na-eduga n'ebe nchekwa nke oké ọhịa, ebe a pụrụ ịhụ anụ ọhịa na nnụnụ. A na emekwa nnyocha gburugburu ebe obibi na ịnakọta snail na ebe nchekwa ahụ.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bia {{!}} United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/africa/ghana/bia/|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=www.unesco.org}}</ref> Ebe ọdịnala a na-akpọ Apaso, dị n'ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ dị nso na obere ọdọ mmiri abụọ ma kwuo na ọ bụ ebe dị nsọ maka ndị ọbịa ịchụ àjà ma nye chi onyinye.<ref name=":1"/> ; Ihe edeturu {{Reflist}} ojqbgo6tgvr6raj9kzy54j19nja08e9 0 27360 628583 114150 2026-04-01T20:28:30Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628583 wikitext text/x-wiki Sahrawi '''peseta''' (Arabic, Spanish) bụ ego nke [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]. E kewara ya na 100 céntimos, n'agbanyeghị na e depụtabeghị mkpụrụ ego nwere ụlọ ọrụ a, ebipụtabeghịkwa akwụkwọ ego. E mepụtara pesetas Sahrawi mbụ n'afọ 1990, mana a nabataghị ha dị ka mkpụrụ ego mba nke Western Sahara ruo n'afọ 1997.<ref name="San Martín" /> Dị ka ókèala a na-achịkwa Morocco, ego a na-ekesa n'akụkụ ahụ nke mba ahụ bụ Moroccan [[Moroccan dirham|dirham]], na dinars Algeria na ouguiyas Mauritanian na-agbasa n'akụkụ Sahrawi peseta na ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ Sahrawi na akụkụ SADR na-achị. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụghị ego gọọmentị ma ọ bụghị na-agbasa, ọnụego mgbanwe abụghị ihe ezi uche dị na ya. N'agbanyeghị nke a, a na-ejikọta peseta Sahrawi na peseta Spanish<ref name="San Martín">{{Cite book|author=San Martín|first=Pablo|title=Western Sahara: The Refugee Nation|date=2010|publisher=University of Wales Press|isbn=9781783161188|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J2WuBwAAQBAJ&q=%22were%20coined%22|quote=The first Saharawi pesetas were coined in 1990, with an equivalence of 1:1 with the Spanish peseta. Although the Saharawi peseta has not been officially recognized, it has already been assigned an ISO 4217 international currency code: EHP.|language=en}}</ref> mgbe e wepụrụ nke ikpeazụ maka euro, ọnụego ahụ ghọrọ € 1 maka 166.386 Pts. == Mkpụrụ ego == A na-ewere mkpụrụ ego na-abụghị nke ncheta maka mgbasa. A na-eme ha site na cupronickel. Nzukọ ndị a bụ: 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200 na 500 peseta. {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Aha ya !Afọ !Metal !Diameter{{Clear}}(mm.) !Ibu{{Clear}}(nke a na-akpọ Gr.) !N'ihu !N'ụzọ dị iche !Foto |- bgcolor="lightsteelblue" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:2px solid gray;" |- |'''1 Peseta''' |1992 | align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" |Cu+Ni |17.00 |2.99 |{{center|<small>[[Bedouin]] and [[dromedary]]{{Clear}}TRANSPORTE TIPICO{{Clear}}النقل التقليدي</small>}} |{{center|<small>Value{{Clear}}[[Coat of arms of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|Coat of Arms]]{{Clear}}REPUBLICA ARABE SAHARAUI DEMOCRATICA</small>}} |[[Usòrò:1_Peseta_Sahara.jpg|150x150px]] |- |'''2 Pesetas''' |1992 | align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" |Cu+Ni |20.00 |3.51 |{{center|<small>[[Bedouin]] and [[dromedary]]{{Clear}}TRANSPORTE TIPICO{{Clear}}النقل التقليدي</small>}} |{{center|<small>Value{{Clear}}[[Coat of arms of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|Coat of Arms]]{{Clear}}REPUBLICA ARABE SAHARAUI DEMOCRATICA</small>}} |[[Usòrò:2_Pesetas_Sahara.jpg|150x150px]] |- |'''5 Pesetas''' |1992 | align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" |Cu+Ni |21.00 | |{{center|<small>[[Bedouin]] and [[dromedary]]{{Clear}}TRANSPORTE TIPICO{{Clear}}النقل التقليدي</small>}} |{{center|<small>Value{{Clear}}[[Coat of arms of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|Coat of Arms]]{{Clear}}REPUBLICA ARABE SAHARAUI DEMOCRATICA</small>}} |[[Usòrò:5_Pesetas_Sahara.jpg|150x150px]] |- |'''Peseta 50''' |1990 | align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" |Cu+Ni |24.40 |6.4 |{{center|<small>[[Bedouin]] and [[dromedary]]{{Clear}}TRANSPORTE TIPICO{{Clear}}النقل التقليدي</small>}} |{{center|<small>Value{{Clear}}[[Coat of arms of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|Coat of Arms]]{{Clear}}REPUBLICA ARABE SAHARAUI DEMOCRATICA</small>}} | |- |} E nweela ihe '''ncheta''' na ọla kọpa, ọlaọcha na ọlaedo, dịka ụfọdụ n'ime ndị egosiri ebe a: == Hụkwa == * Dinar Algeria * Ouguiya nke Mauritania * [[Moroccan dirham|Dirham nke Morocco]] * Peseta Spanish == Ihe edeturu == {{notelist}} == Edensibia == jwzmgtg5mykp3wndnx0vob43wskpgic 0 27515 628623 114348 2026-04-01T23:10:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628623 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rosina Smith''' (10 Mee 1891 - 23 Julaị 1985) bụ onye na-eme ihe ike na Britain, onye nkuzi na onye na-ahazi otu. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ '''Rosina Ellis''' na Putney na [[London]], Smith bu ụzọ bu ụzọ gaa Clay Cross na Chesterfield na Derbyshire, ebe ọ meriri akwụkwọ mmụta ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi ụmụ akwụkwọ na, na 1909, tozuru oke dị ka onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ ọhụrụ.<ref name="thesis"/> S == Translation results == === Translation result === Smith sonyeere Social Democratic Federation (SDF) n'ihe dị ka 1910 na, n'afọ sochirinụ, gara ọmụmụ ihe gbasara sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Òtù Ndị Ọrụ Educational Association (WEA) na-agba. Enyere ya ebe na Lady Margaret Hall ka ọ zụọ dịka onye nkuzi WEA, mana ọ jụrụ ya, n'ihi na ọ na-eche na WEA ga-egbochi ya ikwupụta echiche Marxist ya. Agbanyeghị, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ọkọchị WEA na kọleji Balliol na Oxford. Ọ nọgidere bụrụ onye so na SDF ma mesịa ghọọ British Socialist Party. Na 1916, ọ lụrụ Alfred Smith, wee si otú a manyere ịhapụ ọrụ nkuzi ya. Kama nke ahụ, n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ebe a na-emepụta ngwá agha, bụ́ ebe ọ ghọrọ onye isi n'òtù ndị ọrụ na, mgbe e mesịrị, onye ọrụ oge nile..<ref name="thesis" /> == Mgbalị na Mansfield == N'oge a, Smith kwagara Mansfield na Nottinghamshire dị nso, ebe ọ sonyeere Socialist Labour Party, ngalaba mpaghara nke John Lavin na Owen Ford duziri. Na 1922, alaka ahụ dum sonyeere òtù Kọmunist ọhụrụ nke Great Britain (CPGB), ọ bụ ezie na ka ọ lụrụ nwanyị ma mụta ụmụ ejima, ndị CPGB kpebiri itinye ya n'òtù pụrụ iche nke nnwale. N'agbanyeghị nke a, Smith ghọrọ onye otu na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke ukwuu, odeakwụkwọ nke Mansfield Labour College, onye nnọchiteanya na Mansfield Trades Council, na onye a ma ama na National Minority Movement..<ref name="thesis"/><ref name="compendium">Graham Stevenson, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170202084756/http://grahamstevenson.me.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=544:rose-smith&catid=19:s&Itemid=120 Smith Rose]", ''Compendium of Communist Biography</ref> Na 1928, Smith ghọrọ CPGB's National Women's Officer, na n'afọ sochirinụ, ọ ghọrọ onye nhazi oge niile maka CPGB. O guzoro dị ka onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi na Mansfield na ntuli aka izugbe nke 1929, na-ewere naanị 533 votes. Smith na di ya akpafuola iche, ma ha abụọ kewapụrụ na 1930; ya na ụmụaka kwagara Burnley na Lancashire, na-atụ anya ịhazi ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-arụ ọrụ akwa akwa obodo ka ha sonye na Minority Movement. A họpụtara ya ka ọ kwụ maka pati ahụ na mpaghara Burnley na ntuli aka izugbe nke 1931, mana ejidere ya ka ọ kwadochara pickets n'oge ọrụ a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ ọnwa atọ..<ref>Stanley Graham, ''Stanley's View'', Vol.4, p.311</ref> == Ọrụ ya n'England == Na ntọhapụ ya, Smith kwagara Bolton dị nso, ebe o guzoro na ntuli aka kansụl 1932. N'afọ ahụ, ọ na-edu ndị inyom na-agụ agụụ March, na a họpụtara na CPGB's Central Committee, na-eje ozi ruo 1938. Ọ bụ ezie na n'ozuzu na-eguzosi ike n'ihe nye pati ahịrị, ọ megidere mgbasa nke National Minority Movement, na lobbie ka pati na-akwado ọmụmụ. njikwa..<ref name="thesis">Gisela Chan Man Fong, "[http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0016/NQ44808.pdf The Life and Times of Rose Smith in Britain and China, 1891 - 1985]"</ref> Site na 1942 ruo 1955, Smith rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye nta akụkọ na Daily Worker; ọ lara ezumike nká na Chesterfield ma tinye ihe fọdụrụ n'ime afọ iri ahụ na Mgbasa Ozi maka Nkwụsị Ngwá Agha Nuklia. Ka ọ na-erule 1960, nke a agwụla ya ike, wee kpebie ịkwaga Australia ka ya na nwa ya nwoke biri, mana ọ chere na ọ bụ ibu arọ ebe ahụ. Ya na Ted Hill kwurịtara okwu wee kpebie ibido ọkwa na China, na-arụ ọrụ maka ndị nta akụkọ asụsụ mba ọzọ. Mgbe ya na Zhou Enlai kwuchara okwu, o kpebiri ịkwado Maoism na-esochi nkewa nke Sino-Soviet; nke a mere ka ya na ọtụtụ ndị enyi ya na CPGB kwụsị ịkpakọrịta.<ref name="thesis"/> == China == Smith mechara rụọ ọrụ na China Reconstructs, akwụkwọ akụkọ ọkara nke gosipụtara China nye ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ si mba ọzọ, wee rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Xinhua. Ọ hapụrụ China n'oge mgbanwe omenala, laghachi na Chesterfield, bụ ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe a na-elekọta ndị agadi, ma mesịa laghachi China, na arịrịọ onwe onye nke Zhou Enlai. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ 90, wee gaa n'ihu na-apụta na mmemme gọọmentị na Beijing ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1985..<ref name="thesis"/><ref>''China Now'', Nos.115-119, p.37</ref> == Edensibia == <references /> {{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{succession box|title=[[Communist Party of Great Britain]] National Women's Organiser|years=1928–1933|before=Beth Turner|after=''Position abolished''<br /><small>next holder: [[Isabel Brown]]</small>}} {{s-end}}{{Databox}} hryx8aqgq96vsupkjqy7sr84p5ma311 0 28574 628638 577610 2026-04-02T03:23:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Samuel Atta Akyea''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1962) bụ onye ọka iwu na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ghana.<ref name="ode">{{Cite web|url=http://www.odekro.org/person/samuel-atta-akyea/|title=Hon. Samuel Atta Akyea: MP for Abuakwa South|publisher=odekro|accessdate=21 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817204818/http://www.odekro.org/person/samuel-atta-akyea/#|archivedate=2017-08-17}}</ref> Onye otu New Patriotic Party nke Ghana, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ na ụlọ ruo Jenụwarị 2021, na onye omebe iwu nke Akim Abuakwa South ugbu a. Ọ bụ naanị onye nke abụọ ma e wezụga Onye isi ala Nana Akufo-Addo a họpụtara dị ka onye omeiwu nke mpaghara ahụ na mba nke anọ. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ ya na Kyebi na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ghana.<ref name="ghamps">{{Cite web|url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=58|title=Akyea, Samuel Atta|publisher=Ghana MPs|date=7 January 2017|accessdate=21 July 2017}}</ref> Ọ gara Mahadum Ghana, Legon ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere Bachelor of Arts na Law na Philosophy na 1989.<ref name="ghamps" /> Ọ gara Ghana School of Law wee nweta akwụkwọ ikike ya n'afọ 1993.<ref name="ghamps" /><ref name="peace">{{Cite web|url=http://m.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302866.php|title=Bio Of 2nd Batch Of Ministers-Designate Announced By President Nana Akufo-Addo|publisher=Peace FM|date=21 January 2017|accessdate=21 July 2017|archivedate=10 May 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510213416/https://m.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302866.php}}</ref> == Ndụ ọrụ == After graduating from law school he was employed as a state attorney at the Attorney General's Department.<ref name="ghamps"/> He later joined the private law firm, Akufo-Addo Prempeh & Co in Accra. In 1995, he joined another private law firm, Zoe Akyea & Co., where he was made a partner and worked there for fourteen years. He left private legal practice to contest the 2008 Abuakwa South constituency election.<ref name="ghamps" /> == Ndụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Atta Akyea banyere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'afọ 2008 mgbe a họpụtara ya dịka onye omeiwu maka mpaghara Abuakwa South.<ref name="gog">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/ministers/3428-samuel-atta-akyea-works-housing|title=Governance Samuel Atta Akyea – Works & Housing|publisher=Government of Ghana|accessdate=21 July 2017|archivedate=16 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816045922/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/ministers/3428-samuel-atta-akyea-works-housing}}</ref> Ọ na-asọ mpi megide mmadụ abụọ ọzọ, ya bụ, Sammy Osei nke National Democratic Congress na Nana Addo Aikins, onye na-azọ ọkwa onye nweere onwe ya.<ref name="world">{{Cite web|url=http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/ghana/10489.pdf|title=Ghana election 2008|publisher=fes|accessdate=21 July 2017}}</ref> O meriri ntuli aka ahụ site n'inweta vootu 22,681 n'ime 30,109 nke na-anọchite anya 75.3% nke vootu ziri ezi.<ref name="world" /><ref name="ghamps"/> Ọ nọchiri Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, onye kwụsịrị dị ka onye omeiwu iji lekwasị anya na ọchịchọ ya ịbụ onye isi ala.<ref name="regsing">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/I-am-not-resigning-Akufo-Addo-98347|title=I am not resigning? -Akufo-Addo|publisher=Ghanaweb|date=26 January 2006|accessdate=21 July 2017}}</ref> Atta Akyea gara n'ihu nọgide n'oche ya na ntuli aka abụọ sochirinụ e mere na 2012 na 2016<ref name="ser">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/I-m-a-very-serious-lawyer-Atta-Akyea-282168|title=I'm a very serious lawyer – Atta-Akyea|publisher=Ghanaweb|date=20 August 2013|accessdate=21 July 2017}}</ref>. Na nzuko omebe iwu, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na kọmitii dị iche iche gụnyere Finance, Public Accounts Judiciary na Ntinye aha nke Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu.<ref name="ghamps" /> === Nhọrọ 2016 === Na ntuli aka Ghana nke afọ 2016, ọ meriri oche ndị omeiwu nke Abuakwa South na vootu 28,442 na-eme 78.7.61% nke ngụkọta vootu e nyere ebe onye NDC na-azọ ọkwa onye omeiwu Owuraku Amofah nwere vootu 7,697 na-eme 21.3% nke ngụcha vootu e nye.<ref>{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=2016 Election - Abuakwa South Constituency Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/eastern/abuakwa_south/|accessdate=2023-01-21|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2023-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121150427/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/eastern/abuakwa_south/}}</ref><ref name="odekroperc">{{Cite web|url=http://blog.odekro.org/2017/01/18/parliamentary-records-of-ministers-designate-samuel-atta-akyea-npp-abuakwa-works-and-housing-minister-designate/|title=Parliamentary Records of Ministers-Designate : Samuel Atta Akyea (NPP-Abuakwa South) Works and Housing Minister-Designate|publisher=Odekro|accessdate=21 July 2017|archivedate=29 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029095908/http://blog.odekro.org/2017/01/18/parliamentary-records-of-ministers-designate-samuel-atta-akyea-npp-abuakwa-works-and-housing-minister-designate/}}</ref> === Nhọrọ 2020 === Na ntuli aka Ghana nke afọ 2020, ọ meriri oche ndị omeiwu nke Abuakwa South Constituency ọzọ na votu 29,897 na-eme 75.7% nke ngụkọta vootu e nyere ebe onye NDC na-azọ ọkwa onye omeiwu Sanusi Mohammed nwere votu 7,740 na-eme 19.6% nke ngụcha vootu e nye, onye GUM na-azọrọ ọkwa Banning-Peprah Felix nwere votu 957 na-emepụta 2.4% nke ngụka vootu e wepụtara na onye omeiwu Independent Marfo Enock Kwame nwere votu 905 na-eme 2.3% nke ngụga vootu e tinyere.<ref>{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=2020 Election - Abuakwa South Constituency Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/eastern/abuakwa_south/|accessdate=2023-01-21|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2023-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606090746/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/eastern/abuakwa_south/}}</ref> === Agha Galamsey === E boro Atta Akyea ebubo na o meghị ihe zuru ezu iji kwụsị iji Osimiri Birim mee ihe site n'aka ndị na-eme njem.<ref name="birim">{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/505068/a-chat-with-hon-samuel-atta-akyea-mp.html|title=A Chat With Hon Samuel Atta Akyea, MP|publisher=Modern Ghana|date=26 November 2013|accessdate=21 July 2017}}</ref> Osimiri Birim nke na-agafe na mpaghara ya bụ nnukwu osimiri dị na Ghana ma na-enye nnukwu mmiri dị mkpa na mpaghara ahụ. Atta Akyea kwuru na ọgụ ahụ bụ nsogbu mba chọrọ nkwado ndị agha.<ref name="medoe">{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/521545/we-are-partners-8211-atta-akyea.html|title=We Are Partners – Atta Akyea|publisher=modernghana|date=7 February 2016|accessdate=22 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="okye">{{Cite web|url=http://vibeghana.com/2011/12/08/atta-akyea-not-involved-in-kyebi-chieftaincy-affairs/|title=Atta Akyea not involved in Kyebi chieftaincy affairs|publisher=vibeghana|date=8 December 2011|accessdate=22 July 2017|archivedate=27 November 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127015344/http://vibeghana.com/2011/12/08/atta-akyea-not-involved-in-kyebi-chieftaincy-affairs/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kofoyatetteh.blogspot.com/2010/03/clamp-down-on-galamseyatta-akyea.html|title=Clamp Down on Galamsey|publisher=|date=9 March 2010|accessdate=13 September 2017}}</ref> === Kọmitii === N'afọ 2021, ọ bụ onye otu Kọmitii Ntinye aha.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-25|title=Speaker never said Appointment Committee should suspend to plant trees -Atta Akyea|url=https://ghanamps.com/speaker-never-said-appointment-committee-should-suspend-to-plant-trees-atta-akyea/|accessdate=2023-01-21|work=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}</ref> Atta Akyea bụ onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Mines na Energy, onye otu Kọmitii Iwu nke Subsidiary nakwa onye otu Kọمitii mmefu ego pụrụ iche.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament warns Herald Editor to cease exposés on controversial GNPC/Genser Energy contract|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/parliament-warns-herald-editor-to-cease-exposes-on-gnpc-genser-energy-contract.html|accessdate=2023-01-21|work=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=115|accessdate=2023-01-21|work=www.parliament.gh|archivedate=2023-03-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328044641/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=115}}</ref> == Nhọpụta ndị ozi == Na Jenụwarị 2017, Onye isi ala Akufo-Addo họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ na ụlọ dị ka akụkụ nke abụọ nke ndị minista a họpụtara.<ref name="batch">{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/January-12th/profile-of-second-batch-of-ministerial-nominees.php|title=Profile of second batch of ministerial nominee|publisher=Myjoyonline|date=12 January 2017|accessdate=21 July 2017|archivedate=2 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902134142/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/january-12th/profile-of-second-batch-of-ministerial-nominees.php}}</ref><ref name="gna">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghananewsagency.org/politics/atta-akyea-two-others-face-vetting-today-112773|title=Atta Akyea, two others face vetting today|publisher=ghananewsagency|date=8 February 2017|accessdate=22 July 2017}}</ref> Tupu kọmitii nhọpụta nke ụlọ omebe iwu nyochaa ya, ọ pụtara na o meghị ihe ọ bụla dị mkpa na ozi a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi na mgbakwunye na ọ naghị etinye aka na mmekọrịta ọ bụla dị mma na kọmitii Ọrụ na Ụlọ.<ref name="odekroperc"/> Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ otuto nye ya na ndekọ egwu ya maka iwu ụlọ ọrụ siri ike na itinye iwu kwadoro ga-eme ka ọ dị mma na ngalaba ahụ.<ref name="odekroperc" /> N'oge kọmitii nhọpụta na-enyocha ya na 31 Jenụwarị 2017, o kwupụtara ọhụụ ya maka ozi a họpụtara ya ma kwe nkwa ịrụcha ọrụ ụlọ niile a na-arụchabeghị nke gọọmentị John Dramani Mahama malitere.<ref name="vet">{{Cite web|url=http://ultimatefmonline.com/2017/01/31/questions-asked-vetting-irrelevant-atta-akyea/|title=Some questions asked at vetting irrelevant -Atta Akyea|publisher=ultimatefmonline|date=31 January 2017|accessdate=21 July 2017|archivedate=5 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605005337/http://ultimatefmonline.com/2017/01/31/questions-asked-vetting-irrelevant-atta-akyea/}}</ref><ref name="vetting">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Atta-Akyea-Amewu-get-vetted-today-505441|title=Atta Akyea, Amewu get vetted today|publisher=Ghanaweb|date=31 January 2017|accessdate=21 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="maha">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/politics/Vetting-Highlights-Atta-Akyea-appears-before-Appointments-Committee-505876|title=Vetting Highlights: Atta Akyea appears before Appointments Committee|publisher=ghanaweb|date=31 January 2017|accessdate=21 July 2017}}</ref> Ọ gwara kọmitii ahụ na ọ ga-ebute ụzọ iwu ụlọ maka ndị ọrụ ikpe.<ref name="judge">{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/January-31st/govt-will-prioritise-housing-facilities-for-judges-atta-akyea.php|title=Gov't will prioritise housing facilities for judges – Atta Akyea|publisher=Myjoyfmonline|date=31 January 2017|accessdate=21 July 2017|archivedate=2 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902223232/https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/january-31st/govt-will-prioritise-housing-facilities-for-judges-atta-akyea.php}}</ref> Onye isi ala Akufo-Addo ṅụrụ iyi na ndị minista iri na otu ndị ọzọ na 8 Febụwarị 2017 na Jubilee House na Accra. == Ndụ onwe onye == Ọ lụrụ di ma nwee ụmụ atọ ma bụrụkwa Onye Kraịst. Ọ bụ onye otu International Central Gospel Church.<ref name="gog"/> == Ihe nrite == Atta Akyea natara Nobles International Award site na West African Nobles Forum.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-24|title=Hon. Atta Akyea Wins Noble Award - MINISTRY OF WORKS AND HOUSING|url=https://www.mwh.gov.gh/hon-atta-akyea-wins-noble-award/|accessdate=2023-01-21|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121143902/https://www.mwh.gov.gh/hon-atta-akyea-wins-noble-award/}}</ref> == Arụmụka == Na Machị 2022, ndị mmadụ chụpụrụ ya na Abuakwa South Constituency. E boro ya ebubo na o mezughị nkwa mkpọsa ya nye ndị mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Emmanuel|first=Kojo|date=2022-03-08|title=Samuel Atta Akyea chased out of community over failed promises|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/politics/samuel-atta-akyea-chased-out-of-community-over-failed-promises/dt3gkm2|accessdate=2023-01-21|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en|archivedate=2023-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121150230/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/politics/samuel-atta-akyea-chased-out-of-community-over-failed-promises/dt3gkm2}}</ref> == Ọrụ ebere == N'ọnwa Machị 2020, o gosipụtara ụfọdụ ngwaahịa nhicha na ndị otu ya na ọgụ megide ọrịa COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-31|title=Dr Assibey-Yeboah, Samuel Atta Akyea donate sanitary items to their various constituencies - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/dr-assibey-yeboah-samuel-atta-akyea-donate-sanitary-items-to-their-various-constituencies/|accessdate=2023-01-21|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}}{{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=n/a}} {{s-ttl|title=Minister of Works and Housing<br>Ghana|years=2017–}} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9p2ihtpvdxt9mjlqtutkolh6jhfmsp2 0 29102 628563 118127 2026-04-01T16:00:11Z Geraldine Kene 23189 Fixed reference error 628563 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Montecristo Trifinio National Park |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 100%;" |<div style="background-color: #CDE5B2;">[[IUCN protected area categories|IUCN category]] II ([[national park]])</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:284px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:284px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:284px">[[Usòrò:Relief_map_of_Honduras.jpg|alt=Map showing the location of Montecristo Trifinio National Park|class=notpageimage|284x284px|Map na-egosi ebe ogige ntụrụndụ Montecristo Trifinio dị]]<div class="od" style="top:57.899%;left:2.684%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[Usòrò:Red_pog.svg|link=|alt=Map showing the location of Montecristo Trifinio National Park|class=notpageimage|8x8px|Ogige Ntụrụndụ Montecristo Trifinio]]</div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Ebe Montecristo Trifinio dị na Honduras</div></div></div></div> |- class="locality" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |Honduras |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |<span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Montecristo_Trifinio_National_Park&params=14_26_31_N_89_19_32_W_type:landmark <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°26′31′′N</span></span></span>]</span></span> <span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Montecristo_Trifinio_National_Park&params=14_26_31_N_89_19_32_W_type:landmark <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="longitude">89°19′32′′W</span></span></span>]</span></span> / 14.44194°N 89.32556°W / 14. 44194; -89.3255 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mpaghara | class="infobox-data" |54 km2 (21 sq mi)<ref name="unep" /> |- class="note" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |E guzobere ya | class="infobox-data" |1 Jenụwarị 1987<ref name=unep>{{cite web | title=Honduras - Montecristo Trifinio | url=http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/wdbpa/sitedetails.cfm?siteid=18804 | publisher=[[United Nations Environment Programme]] | accessdate=1 March 2010 }}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> '''Ogige Ntụrụndụ Montecristo Trifinio''' bụ ogige ntụrụndụ dị na Honduras . E guzobere ya na 1 Jenụwarị 1987 ma kpuchie mpaghara nke square kilomita 54. Montecristo massif bụ ebe ókèala nke Honduras, Guatemala na El Salvador zutere, na nchebe ya bụ njikọ aka nke mba atọ a, nke dugara n'ịmepụta ogige ntụrụndụ mba na Honduras na El Salvador, yana Guatemala Trifinio Biosphere Reserve. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} tep82yx3b2phwrc0z4667lnn02tutt8 0 29457 628595 126768 2026-04-01T21:11:48Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628595 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Usòrò:Peterson_AS_trondheim_ranheim_IMG_6096.JPG|thumb|250x250px| Ụlọ ọrụ Peterson na Ranheim na Trondheim]] [[Usòrò:Peterson_01.JPG|thumb|250x250px|Ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa Peterson n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị na Moss]] '''Peterson AS''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke dị na Moss, [[Norway]]. Ruo afọ 2006 a maara ya dị ka M. Peterson & Søn. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Ọ malitere na ụlọ ọrụ nke onye ahịa a mụrụ na Denmark bụ Momme Peterson (1771-1835) guzobere na 1801. Na mbụ, ọ bụ obere ụlọ ahịa nwere ihe oriri dị iche iche na ihe ndị a rụpụtara, o mechara mepee ụlọ ịkpa ákwà. N'afọ 1828, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ were aha M. Peterson & Søn. Peterson gbasakwara ịzụ ahịa osisi, na site na 1848, iwu na inwe ụgbọ mmiri.<ref name="history">{{Cite web|url=http://peterson.intentor.no/dllvis5.asp?id=1444&parentid=1441&c1=1441|title=History of Peterson AS|publisher=Peterson AS|accessdate=19 January 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724180202/http://peterson.intentor.no/dllvis5.asp?id=1444&parentid=1441&c1=1441|archivedate=24 July 2011}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. Peterson AS. Archived from on 24 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite></ref> N'afọ 1875, ọ zụrụ Moss Jernverk nke nwere ezigbo ebe. N'ịbụ ndị jikọtara osisi na mbupu, na 1883 ụlọ ọrụ ahụ hapụrụ azụmahịa mbupu n'okpuru nduzi nke Theodor Peterson, nwa nwa nke onye guzobere ya.<ref name="history"/> Kama nke ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere imepụta cellulose sulfate site na mmeghe nke ụlọ ọrụ [[Moss Cellulosefabrikk|Moss Cellulosefabrik]]. Site na 1898, e mepụtara akwụkwọ. [[Hans Blom Peterson]], onye sitere na Momme Peterson, jere ozi dị ka CEO site na 1901 ruo 1954 ma lekwasị anya n'ịzụlite akụkụ a nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ọ malitekwara imepụta akpa akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ ezie na Blom Peterson nwụrụ na 1954 ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nọgidere bụrụ nke ezinụlọ; na 1963 onye ọzọ sitere na Ralph Mollatt weghaara nduzi. Ya na nwanne ya nwoke Erik ji nwayọọ nwayọọ mee ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gaa na azụmaahịa nkwakọba ihe.<ref name="history" /> N'oge ha, M. Peterson & Søn zụrụ ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere [[Sarpsborg Papp]] (1961), Norsk Papiremballage (1963), Polycoat (1964), Greaker Industrier (1979) na [[Ranheim Papirfabrikk]] (1983).<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia |year=2007 |title=Peterson & Søn, M. |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |url=https://snl.no/M._Peterson_%2526_S%25C3%25B8n |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816154529/https://snl.no/M._Peterson_%2526_S%25C3%25B8n |archivedate=16 August 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Erik Mollatt bụ CEO site na 1983 ruo 2002. N'afọ 2001, e kewara otu Peterson Scanproof (onye nọchiri Greaker Industrier) na M. Peterson & Søn iji guzobe ụlọ ọrụ nke ya, Nordic Paper. M. Peterson & Søn ka nwere Nordic Paper, ọ bụ ezie na ha na Norske Skogindustrier jikọrọ aka, mana ha rere ya na 2006. N'otu afọ ahụ, ndị na-etinye ego zụrụ M. Peterson & Søn n'ozuzu ya, gụnyere ndị ọchụnta ego mpaghara yana ndị nwe ọhịa AT Skog. N'otu oge ahụ, a gbanwere aha ahụ site na M. Peterson & Søn gaa na ''Peterson''.<ref name="history"/> == Ọdịdị ya == N'afọ 1989, ewepụtara ụdị ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ, na ụlọ ọrụ iri ahụ jikọtara n'okpuru otu nche anwụ &#x2D; M. Peterson & Søn, ka nwere ezinụlọ. Mmekọrịta dị iche iche n'etiti 1998 na 2001, gụnyere ire Peterson Scanproof na inweta ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ siri ike nke UPM-Kymmene, hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ na M. Peterson & Søn dị ka nne na nna, na Peterson Packaging na ''Peterson Linerboard'' dị ka alaka.<ref name="history"/> A na-ekewa Peterson Packaging n'ime Peterson Packaging OY na Peterson Emballasje AS, ọdịiche dị n'etiti ha abụọ bụ na nke ikpeazụ na-arụ ọrụ na Norway ebe nke mbụ na-arụ aiki na mba ofesi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://peterson.intentor.no/dllvis5.asp?id=1478&parentid=1441&c1=1441|title=Organization|publisher=Peterson AS|accessdate=19 January 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724180307/http://peterson.intentor.no/dllvis5.asp?id=1478&parentid=1441&c1=1441|archivedate=24 July 2011}}</ref> Ebe ọ bụ na ewepụtara aha Peterson na ụlọ ọrụ niile na 1992, a na-akpọ otu mmepụta ọ bụla dịka ọnọdụ ya na mpaghara ya si dị.<ref name="history" /> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụlọ ọrụ a maara dị ka Sarpsborg Papp na-akpọ Peterson Emballasje AS, Sarpsborg.<ref name="about">{{Cite web|url=http://peterson.intentor.no/dllvis5.asp?id=1441&c1=1441|title=About us|publisher=Peterson AS|accessdate=19 January 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724180401/http://peterson.intentor.no/dllvis5.asp?id=1441&c1=1441|archivedate=24 July 2011}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. Peterson AS. Archived from on 24 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite></ref> Na mgbakwunye na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe n'ọtụtụ mba, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ ụlọ ahịa na Europe.<ref name="about"/> == Logo == Ihe ngosi ụlọ ọrụ mbụ ahụ dabeere na violet. N'afọ 1930, e webatara isiokwu enyí dị ugbu a. A kwụsịrị iji ya mee ihe n'afọ ndị 1970, mana ọ laghachiri n'afọ 1984. Ahụ enyí ahụ na-emepụta mkpụrụedemede M-O-S-S, na-ezo aka na obodo ntọala ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ihe enyí ahụ bu abụghị ogwe osisi, kama ọ bụ mpịakọta akwụkwọ ọhụrụ site na igwe ihe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.peterson-emballasje.no/pages/page.asp?lngID=150&lngLangID=1|title=Historikk|publisher=Peterson Emballasje|language=Norwegian|accessdate=18 January 2009}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|2}} qrq6kqxcogze7omzbrqdcg4qzfujvg3 0 29677 628593 140301 2026-04-01T21:03:33Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn" style="display:inline">Peter Shaw Ashton</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Born | class="infobox-data" |27 June 1934<br /><br /><br /><br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Boscombe|Boscombe, Bournemouth, England]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nationality | class="infobox-data category" |[[United Kingdom|British]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alma&nbsp;mater | class="infobox-data" |[[University of Cambridge]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |'''Ọrụ sayensị''' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ubi | class="infobox-data category" |[[Botany|Ihe ọkụkụ]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Author citation (botany)|Onye edemede abbrev. (botany)]] | class="infobox-data" |P.S.Ashton |- style="display:none" | colspan="2" | |} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Peter Shaw Ashton''' (amụrụ na 27 June 1934) bụ onye British botanist.<ref name="CV">{{Cite web|title=Peter Shaw Ashton Curriculum Vitae|url=http://www.huh.harvard.edu/ctfs/ctfs/pdf/PSA_CV.pdf|work=Center for Tropical Forest Science-Arnold Arboretum Asia Program|accessdate=25 April 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100627012847/http://www.huh.harvard.edu/ctfs/ctfs/pdf/PSA_CV.pdf|archivedate=27 June 2010}}</ref> Ọ bụ Charles Bullard Prọfesọ nke Ọhịa na Mahadum Harvard, na onye nduzi nke Arnold Arboretum n'ebe ahụ site na 1978 ruo 1987. A mụrụ ya na Boscombe, Bournemouth, England, Ashton nwetara B.A. ya na Biology (1956), M.A. na Biology (1960) na Ph.D. Botany (1962) na Mahadum Cambridge.<ref name="CV" /> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ọtụtụ afọ na ọrụ nyocha iji kwalite nchekwa na ojiji na-adịgide adịgide nke oké ọhịa ndị dị n'ebe okpomọkụ, ọ nyekwara aka na ọrụ nke Center for Tropical Forest Science iji mepụta netwọk nke Forest Dynamic Plots nke a na-enyocha mgbe niile iji nwalee ahụike nke oké ọhịa ahụ; ọ meriri Japan Prize maka nke a na 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2007 (23rd) Japan Prize Laureate|url=http://www.japanprize.jp/prize/2007/e2_ashton.htm|publisher=www.japanprize.jp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116212551/http://www.japanprize.jp/prize/2007/e2_ashton.htm|archivedate=16 January 2007}}</ref> N'afọ 1983, a họpụtara Ashton ka ọ bụrụ Fellow nke American Academy of Arts and Sciences.<ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=25 April 2011}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nsọpụrụ nke Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation (ATBC) n'oge nzukọ ATBC kwa afọ nke e mere na Kunming, China, na 2006. N'afọ 2015, ATBC mepụtara Peter Ashton Prize iji sọpụrụ ya, nke a na-enye kwa afọ maka isiokwu pụtara ìhè nke otu nwa akwụkwọ bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Biotropica''. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 9u63x05e72p6iwftgmwfg8o1ean5brf 0 29956 628612 199680 2026-04-01T22:07:51Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628612 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:PArenas_Magallanes.JPG|thumb|Ihe ncheta Ferdinand Magellan na Punta Arenas]] '''Punta Arenas''' (pronunciation Spanish: [ˈpunta aˈɾenas], nke a na-akpọ Sandy Point na Bekee) bụ isi obodo mpaghara ndịda [[Chile]], Magallanes na [[Antarctica]] Chilena.  Ọ bụ ezie na a kpọgharịrị aha ya dị ka Magallanes na 1927, a gbanwere aha ahụ na Punta Arenas na 1938. Obodo ahụ bụ obodo kasị ukwuu na ndịda nke 46th parallel south na obodo kacha nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ ndịda na Chile na America.  N'ihi ọnọdụ ya, ọ bụkwa obodo kacha dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke nwere ihe karịrị 100,000 bi na Latin America.  [[Punta Arenas]] bụ otu n'ime ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kachasị na ndịda ụwa ma na-eje ozi dị ka obodo ọnụ ụzọ Antarctic. Kemgbe 1977, Punta Arenas abụwo otu n'ime naanị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri abụọ nweere onwe ha na Chile, nke ọzọ bụ Iquique n'ebe ugwu nke mba ahụ. [elu-alpha 1]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://diario.latercera.com/2012/04/01/01/contenido/negocios/27-105200-9-zona-franca-de-aysen-tendra-caracteristicas-similares-a-las-de-iquique-y-punta.shtml|title=Zona franca de Aysén tendrá características similares a las de Iquique y Punta Arenas|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422031606/http://diario.latercera.com/2012/04/01/01/contenido/negocios/27-105200-9-zona-franca-de-aysen-tendra-caracteristicas-similares-a-las-de-iquique-y-punta.shtml|archivedate=22 April 2014|work=[[La Tercera]]|date=1 April 2012|language=es|accessdate=}}</ref> Ọ dị na Brunswick Peninsula n'ebe ndịda nke Strait of Magellan, gọọmentị Chile guzobere Punta Arenas na 1848 dị ka obere mpaghara ntaramahụhụ iji kwado ọbụbụeze n'elu Strait. N'ime ihe fọdụrụ na 1800s, Punta Arenas toro na nha na mkpa n'ihi mmụba nke ụgbọ mmiri na azụmahịa na-aga n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ nke South na North America. Uto nke obodo a bụkwa n'ihi ọtụtụ ndị si Europe kwabata, ọkachasị ndị si [[Kroatia|Croatia]] na Russia, nke ọlaedo na-adọta na ọganihu nke ịzụ atụrụ na 1880s na mmalite 1900s. Ụlọ ọrụ atụrụ kachasị ukwuu, nke na-achịkwa 10,000 square kilomita na Chile na Argentina, dị na Punta Arenas, ndị nwe ya bi n'ebe ahụ. Kemgbe ntọala ya, Chile ejirila Punta Arenas dị ka ntọala iji chebe nkwupụta ọchịchị ya na mpaghara ndịda South America.  Nke a mere ka amara na Strait nke Magellan dị ka mpaghara Chile na nkwekọrịta oke nke 1881 n'etiti Chile na [[Argentina]].  Mkpa geopolitical Punta Arenas ka dị elu na narị afọ nke 20 na nke 21 n'ihi mkpa ọ dị na ịbanye na Peninsula Antarctic. Kemgbe 2017, obodo na mpaghara ya nọ na mpaghara oge nke ha, na-eji oge okpomọkụ n'ime afọ (UTC-3).&amp;nbsp; A na-enye obodo ahụ mmiri sitere na Osimiri San Juan.<ref name="BCNhidro">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bcn.cl/siit/nuestropais/region12/hidrografia.htm|title=Hidrografía Región de Magallanes|accessdate=2022-03-02|work=bcn.cl|publisher=Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile|language=Spanish}}</ref> == Okwu mmalite == Aha Punta Arenas nke ntụgharị ya n'ụzọ nkịtị ga-abụ "Point Sands", sitere n'okwu Spanish ''Punta Arenosa'', ntụgharị nkịtị nke aha Bekee "Sandy Point". Aha Sandy Point sitere na njem John Narborough na 1669-1671. O dere n'ihe ndekọ ya:   A na-ekwu na onye England na-eme nchọpụta nke narị afọ nke 18 bụ́ John Byron n'ụzọ hiere ụzọ mgbe ụfọdụ ọ kpọrọ mpaghara a aha. A na-akpọkwa obodo ahụ Magallanes.  Taa a na-ejikarị okwu ahụ akọwa mpaghara nchịkwa nke gụnyere obodo ahụ. A na-akpọ Punta Arenas "Obodo nke elu ụlọ na-acha uhie uhie" maka ụlọ elu igwe na-acha uhie uhie nke e ji mara obodo ahụ kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ.  Kemgbe ihe dị ka 1970, nnweta nke agba ndị ọzọ na ihe nchebe emewo ka ụdị dị iche iche dị n'elu ụlọ nke ígwè e ji mara ya. == Ọdịdị ala == N'ịbụ nke dị na Brunswick Peninsula, Punta Arenas so n'ime obodo ndị kasị ukwuu na Patagonia. N'afọ 2012, o nwere mmadụ 127,454.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ine.cl/ine/canales/chile_estadistico/demografia_y_vitales/censo2002/mapa_interactivo/mapa_interactivo.htm|title=Interactive map, INE Census 2002, Chile|work=ine.cl|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120051028/http://www.ine.cl/ine/canales/chile_estadistico/demografia_y_vitales/censo2002/mapa_interactivo/mapa_interactivo.htm|archivedate=20 November 2006}}</ref> Ọ dị ihe dịka 1,419 km (882 mi) site n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Antarctica na 635 km (395 mi) site na Ushuaia, isi obodo mpaghara Argentina Tierra Del Fuego. A na-ewere mpaghara Magallanes dịka akụkụ nke Patagonia Chile.  Magallanes bụ Spanish maka Magellan, ma aha ya bụ Ferdinand Magellan, onye na-eme nchọpụta Portuguese na-aga [[Spain]].  Mgbe ọ na-aga Spain gburugburu ụwa, ọ gafere nso ebe Punta Arenas dị ugbu a n'afọ 1520. Akwụkwọ ozi ụgbọ mmiri Bekee n'oge na-ezo aka na saịtị a dị ka "Sandy Point." Obodo kwesịrị ekwesị dị n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Brunswick Peninsula.  Ewezuga n'ikpere mmiri ọwụwa anyanwụ, nke nwere ebe obibi nke Guairabo, Rio Amarillo na Punta San Juan, ọ nweghị onye bi na ya.  Obodo Punta Arenas gụnyere Brunswick Peninsula niile, yana agwaetiti niile ọdịda anyanwụ nke Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego na ugwu nke ọwa Cockburn na Magdalena. Ewezuga Dawson Island, nke ndị bi na ya dị ihe dị ka 301 na 2002, ọ dịghị onye bi na agwaetiti ndị a.  Clarence Island nwere mmadụ ise. === Ọnọdụ ihu igwe === [[Usòrò:Punta_Arenas_con_nieve.jpeg|áká_èkpè|thumb|250x250px|Snow n'oge oyi]] N'ihi [[latitude]] ya dị n'ebe ndịda, Punta Arenas nwere ihu igwe subpolar oceanic (Köppen climate classification ''Cfc''). Okpomọkụ oge na Punta Arenas na-ebelata nke ukwuu site na ịdị nso ya n'oké osimiri, na nkezi ala na July nso -1 (30 °F) na elu na Jenụwarị nke 14 °C (57 ). A maara ya maka okpomọkụ na-adịgide adịgide, nke na-adịgasị iche na oge. Mmiri ozuzo kachasị elu n'ọnwa [[20 Eprel|Eprel]] na Mee, oge snow na-agafe oge oyi Chile (June ruo [[Septemba]]). Dị ka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ Patagonia, nkezi mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ dị ala, naanị 380 mm ( in) onyinyo mmiri ozuzo nke Andes mepụtara. Nkezi okpomọkụ anaghị aga n'okpuru 1 °C (34 ).<ref name="Punta Arenas article">{{Cite web|url=http://www.letsgochile.com/locations/patagonial/magallanes-xii/punta-arenas|title=Punta Arenas|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227150806/http://www.letsgochile.com/locations/patagonial/magallanes-xii/punta-arenas|archivedate=27 February 2009|work=Letsgochile.com|publisher=|date=|accessdate=}}</ref> A makwaara obodo ahụ maka ifufe ya siri ike (ruo 130 km / h ), nke kachasị ike n'oge ọkọchị. Ndị isi obodo etinyela eriri n'etiti ụlọ dị n'etiti obodo iji nyere ndị na-agafe agafe aka ijikwa ọrụ siri ike. Kemgbe 1986, Punta Arenas bụ obodo mbụ mmadụ bi na ụwa nke oyi akwa ozone na-akpụ akpụ na-emetụta ozugbo.  A na-ahụta ndị bi na ya ka ekpughere ọkwa radieshon ultraviolet nwere ike imebi.[1][2][chọrọ mmelite]. [[Usòrò:Casa_España,_Punta_Arenas,_Magallanes,_Chile.jpg|thumb|Casa España, nke Spanish Society of Socorros Mutuos guzobere na 1917. E guzobere ya n'agbata afọ 1936 na 1938. Plaza de Armas (Muñoz Gamero Park).]] [[Usòrò:Avenida_Cristóbal_Colón,_Punta_Arenas,_Magallanes,_Chile.jpg|thumb|Christopher Columbus Avenue, ebe Old Machine House dị bụ nke ndị Croatia wuru na 1890.]] A nwara ebe obibi Spanish abụọ mbụ n'akụkụ oke osimiri a (na Straits nke Magellan).  E hiwere nke mbụ na 1584 ma kpọọ ya Nombre de [[Jesus Christ|Jesús]].  Ọ dara n'ihi ihu igwe siri ike na ihe isi ike dị n'inweta nri na mmiri ndị ọbịa ahụ, yana nnukwu anya site n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị Spain ndị ọzọ.  A nwara obodo nke abụọ, Ciudad del Rey don Felipe, ihe dịka kilomita 80 na ndịda Punta Arenas.  A bịara mara nke a ka e mesịrị dị ka Puerto del Hambre, nke sụgharịrị na Port Famine.  Spain eguzobela ebe obibi ndị a na mbọ iji chebe mbupu ya na igbochi ndị ohi n'ike n'ike nke Bekee, site n'ịchịkwa Straits of Magellan.  Onye isi ụgbọ mmiri England, Thomas Cavendish n'oge njem ya, napụtara onye ikpeazụ nke Puerto del Hambre dị ndụ na 1587.<ref>Martinic, Mateo, (2000) Rey don Felipe: Historical facts (in Spanish). </ref><ref>Moss, Chris, (2008). </ref> === Mpaghara ntaramahụhụ === N'afọ 1843, gọọmentị Chile zigara njem iji wuo ebe siri ike ma guzobe ebe obibi na-adịgide adịgide n'ikperé mmiri nke Strait of Magellan. Ọ rụrụ ma nye iwu ''ụgbọ mmiri'' a na-akpọ Goleta Ancud. N'okpuru iwu nke John Williams Wilson, ndị agha mmiri Chile, ọ na-ebu ndị ọrụ mmadụ 21 (kaptịn, ndị ọrụ iri na asatọ, na ụmụ nwanyị abụọ), tinyere ibu, iji mezuo iwu ahụ. Iwu ntọala nke ebe obibi ahụ mere na 21 Septemba 1843.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Braun-Menéndez|first=Armando|year=1968|title=Fuerte Bulnes: Colección Cruz del Sur; 10|language=es|publisher=Francisco de Aguirre|edition=2nd|url=https://www.amazon.com/Fuerte-Bulnes----Biblioteca-Francisco-Aguirre/dp/B00OTVV6FE/ref=sr_1_3_twi_har_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1449783635&sr=1-3&keywords=Fuerte+Bulnes}}</ref> Ebe ahụ e wusiri ike dị nke ọma n'obere ala dị n'akụkụ nkume nkume, mana ebe ahụ enweghị ike ịkwado ebe obibi ndị nkịtị kwesịrị ekwesị.  N'iburu nke a n'uche Gọvanọ ndị agha, José de los Santos Mardones, kpebiri na 1848 ịkwaga ebe obibi ahụ na ebe ọ dị ugbu a, n'akụkụ osimiri Las Minas, ma kpọgharịa ya Punta Arenas. N'etiti narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, Chile jiri Punta Arenas mee ihe dị ka ebe ntaramahụhụ na ebe a na-enye ndị ọrụ agha nwere omume "nsogbu". O mekwara ka ndị mbịarambịa biri n'ebe ahụ. Na Disemba 1851, nnupụisi nke ndị mkpọrọ nke Lieutenant Cambiaso duziri, dugara na ogbugbu nke Gọvanọ Muñoz Gamero na ụkọchukwu, na mbibi nke ụka na ụlọ ọgwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.interpatagonia.com/puntaarenas/historia_i.html|title=Punta Arenas, History and Legends|publisher=Interpatagonia.com|accessdate=16 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419151046/http://www.interpatagonia.com/puntaarenas/historia_i.html|archivedate=19 April 2012}}</ref> Ọ bụ Commander Stewart nke HMS Virago nyere aka na ụgbọ mmiri abụọ nke Chile: Indefatigable na ''Meteoro''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowShip.php?id=2260|title=History HMS ''Virago''|publisher=Pdavis.nl|accessdate=16 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415022651/http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowShip.php?id=2260|archivedate=15 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://patlibros.org/iam/index.php|title=Brown, Charles H., "Insurrection at Magellan. Narrative of the Imprisonment and Escape of Capt. Chas. H. Brown," '' Chilian Convicts''|year=1854|publisher=hosted at Patlibros.org|accessdate=16 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208025714/http://patlibros.org/iam/index.php|archivedate=8 February 2012}}</ref> Na 1867, Onye isi ala José Joaquín Pérez nyere iwu inye onyinye ala na mbọ iji mee ka ndị Chile ma ọ bụ ndị mba ọzọ biri na gburugburu Punta Arenas. Ndị mbata Britain mbụ bịarutere na 1867, ọnụ ọgụgụ ha mụbara ka ọrụ atụrụ na-eto na Magallan Chile. Mbugharị kacha ukwuu gara n'ihu bụ nke ndị Britain ruo 1906, mgbe ndị Croatia karịrị ha n'ọnụọgụ.<ref name="William" /> Mpụ 1877, nke a maara dị ka El motín de los artilleros (Mutiny of the Artillerymen), butere mbibi nke nnukwu akụkụ obodo na igbu ọchụ nke ọtụtụ ndị nkịtị na-abụghị ụlọ mkpọrọ.  Ka oge na-aga, e weghachiri obodo ahụ.  Uto nke ụlọ ọrụ ugbo atụrụ na nchọpụta ọla edo, yana ịba ụba ahịa site n'ụgbọ mmiri, dọtara ọtụtụ ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ, obodo ahụ malitekwara ime nke ọma. === Ọganihu akụ na ụba === N'etiti ihe dị ka 1890 na 1940, mpaghara Magallanes ghọrọ mpaghara dị mkpa na-azụ atụrụ, na otu ụlọ ọrụ (Sociedad Explotadora de Tierra del Fuego) na-achịkwa ihe karịrị 11,000 uare kilomita (4,200 sq mi). Na 1910, Sociedad Explotadora jikọtara ya na Sociedad Ganadera, nke mere ka ụlọ ọrụ nwere nde hekta 3 na ndịda Chile na Argentina, nke nwere ihe karịrị nde atụrụ abụọ: 120-125 Isi ụlọ ọrụ a na ebe obibi nke ndị nwe ya dị na Punta Arenas.<ref name="William">{{Cite book|author=Edmundson|first=William|title=A History of the British Presence in Chile: From Bloody Mary to Charles Darwin and the Decline of British Influence|url=https://archive.org/details/historybritishpr00edmu|date=2009|publisher=Palgrave MacMillan|location=New York|isbn=9780230114838|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historybritishpr00edmu/page/n129 117]-125}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">Edmundson, William (2009). </cite></ref> E guzobere ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie Sarah Braun ugbu a n'ụlọ ochie Braun-Menéndez, n'etiti Punta Arenas. A na-ewere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Punta Arenas, n'agbanyeghị na oke mmiri kpuchiri ya, a na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ihe kacha mkpa na Chile tupu e wuo ọwa mmiri Panama.  A na-eji ya dị ka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke ụgbọ mmiri na-agafe n'etiti oke osimiri Atlantic na Pacific.  Taa, njem njem njem na njem sayensị na-ejikarị eme ya. === Obodo nke oge a === Obodo a na-abụkarị ntọala maka njem Antarctic;  Ushuaia (Argentina) na Christchurch (New Zealand) bụkwa ebe mmalit.{{wide image|Punta Arenas panorama 1.JPG|800px|Panoramic view of Punta Arenas}} == Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ == Na 2012 Punta Arenas dekọtara ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na 127,000 maka (ọnụọgụ 2012) site na National Statistics Institute.  Onu ogugu ndi mmadu tolitere site na 5.1% (mmadụ 5,830) n'etiti ngụkọ 1992 na 2002 wee gbagoro ruo 127,454 na Mgbakọ 2012.[1] Ịkwaga ndị Croatia na Punta Arenas bụ mmepe dị mkpa na mpaghara Magallanes na obodo ahụ karịsịa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mmetụta a ka na-egosipụta na aha ụlọ ahịa, okporo ámá na ọtụtụ ụlọ. A na-ekwu na Punta Arenas nwere pasent kachasị nke ndị Croatia n'ụwa na-abụghị Croatia na Yugoslavia mbụ. Punta Arenas nwekwara pasent kachasị nke ndị bi na ndị Britain na Chile dum. Punta Arenas bụ ebe obibi nke ụlọ nsọ Hindu nke ndịda n'ụwa, nke ndị obodo Sindhi dị na Punta Arenas na-eji obere obere ma dị ịrịba ama.  Ndị ahịa Sindhi malitere ịbịarute n'ógbè ahụ na mmalite 1900s, ma taa bụ otu n'ime obodo ndị [[Ndia|India]] kasị ukwuu na Chile..<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-02|title=Keeping cultures alive: Sindhis and Hindus in Chile|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/keeping-cultures-alive-sindhis-and-hindus-in-chile/story-SArpBs0aDiHbhOXqjazqIP.html|accessdate=2021-12-30|work=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Haksar|first=Nandita|title=Punta Arenas: Did you know of the Chilean town where a Sindhi man set up a business outpost in 1905?|url=https://scroll.in/article/883496/punta-arenas-did-you-know-of-the-chilean-town-where-a-sindhi-set-up-a-business-outpost|accessdate=2021-12-30|work=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba == [[Usòrò:Laurence_M_Gould.JPG|thumb|220x220px|Onye na-emebi ice RV Laurence M. Gould na Punta Arenas. Punta Arenas bụ ebe dị mkpa na nnyefe nke ọdụ ụgbọ elu Antarctic na West Antarctica.]] Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2006, akụ na ụba Punta Arenas na mpaghara agbasawanyela.  Isi ebe nchekwa mmanụ nke Chile dị nso, yana ụfọdụ kol dị obere Ọrụ ugbo, gụnyere atụrụ na ehi, ka na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu. Njem nlegharị anya enyela aka na akụ na ụba obodo yana uto na-aga n'ihu.  Ebe ndị njem na-aga gụnyere Katidral na ụlọ ụka ndị ọzọ ama ama, ebe a na-eli ozu obodo, na ihe oyiyi Magellan.  Ụgbọ mmiri ụfọdụ na-aga Antarctica na-apụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Punta Arenas, nke na-ejekwa ozi dị ka ebe maka ọtụtụ ahịrị ụgbọ mmiri na-aga n'akụkụ ọwa na fjords nke mpaghara ahụ. .Ụgbọ mmiri a haziri ahazi na-ejikọ Punta Arenas na agwaetiti Tierra del Fuego bụ isi, ụgbọ mmiri na-adịkarị obere na-aga n'obodo Puerto Williams nke Chile. == Mmuta == Mahadum Magallanes (UMAG) dị na ndịda obodo Chile nke Punta Arenas.  Ọ bụ akụkụ nke mahadum omenala Chile.  E hiwere Mahadum Magallanes na 1981 n'oge mgbanwe neoliberal nke ọchịchị ndị agha Chile dị ka onye nọchiri ngalaba Universidad Técnica del Estado nke Punta Arenas.  Universidad Técnica del Estado ehiwela ngalaba Punta Arenas na 1961. Mahadum Magallanes nwere ogige ụlọ akwụkwọ na Punta Arenas na Puerto Natales yana ebe mahadum dị na Puerto Williams.  Mahadum Magallanes na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ Humanities na Social Sciences Magallania ugboro abụọ n'afọ. Enwere ụlọ akwụkwọ German, Deutsche Schule Punta Arenas.[1]<ref>"[http://dipbt.bundestag.de/doc/btd/04/036/0403672.pdf Deutscher Bundestag 4. ]</ref> Dị ka "comuna" (commune) Punta Arenas bụ ngalaba nchịkwa nke atọ nke Chile nke kansụl obodo na-achịkwa, nke onye isi obodo na-eduzi bụ onye a na-ahọpụta n'onwe ya n'afọ anọ ọ bụla. Onye isi obodo 2016-2020 bụ Claudio Radonich (National Renewal). N'ime ngalaba ntuli aka nke Chile, Punta Arenas nọchitere anya na Chamber of Deputies nke Sandra Amar (UDI), Karim Bianchi (IND-PRSD) na Gabriel Boric (CS) dị ka akụkụ nke mpaghara ntuli aka nke 60, nke gụnyere Magallanes niile na  Mpaghara Antartica Chilena.  A na-anọchite anya ọgbakọ a na Senate site n'aka Carlos Bianchi Chelech (Ind.) na Carolina Goic B. (DC) dịka akụkụ nke 19th senatorial constituency (Magallanes Region). Ọdụ ụgbọ elu Carlos Ibáñez del Campo dị kilomita 20 site na etiti obodo ahụ.  Ọrụ ụgbọ ala mgbazinye, ụlọ ahịa na-akwụghị ụgwọ na ọrụ ọfịs omenala dị na ụlọ ahụ (ọ nweghị ụlọ ahịa na-akwụghị ụgwọ na ọdụ, n'agbanyeghị ihe nnọchianya nke akwụkwọ nlegharị anya).  Ụgbọ elu ndị na-eje ozi n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu gụnyere LATAM Chile na Sky Airline, yana ụgbọ elu chata.  Ọdụ ụgbọ elu ndị nkịtị na ọdụ ụgbọ elu ndị agha mejupụtara nnukwu ogige ahụ. == Hụkwa zie == * 1949 Ala ọma jijiji nke Tierra del Fuego * Onye Croatia nke Chile * Ịkwaga Chile * Ebe obibi ndịda [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rq4asc450kl0z6x5469hzzfrhya3fwb 0 29982 628606 577513 2026-04-01T21:46:52Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628606 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Prudentius.jpg|thumb|Prudentius]] '''Aurelius Prudentius Clemens''' (/pruːˈdɛnʃiəs, -ʃəs/) bụ onye Rom na-ede uri, amụrụ na mpaghara Rom nke Tarraconensis (nke bụzi Northern [[Spain]]) na 348.<ref name="J. Rose, 1967 p. 508">H. J. Rose, ''A Handbook of Classical Literature'' (1967) p. 508</ref> O yikarịrị ka ọ nwụrụ na Iberian Peninsula oge ụfọdụ mgbe 405 gasịrị, ikekwe n'ihe dị ka 413. Ebe a mụrụ ya ejighị n'aka, mana ọ nwere ike ịbụ Caesaraugusta (Saragossa), Tarraco (Tarragona), ma ọ bụ Calagurris (Calahorra). == Ndụ ya == Prudentius mere iwu na-enwetụ ihe ịga nke ọma, ọ bụkwa gọvanọ mpaghara ugboro abụọ, ikekwe n'obodo ya, tupu eze ukwu Theodosius nke Mbụ kpọpụtara ya n'ụlọikpe.  Na njedebe nke ndụ ya (ikekwe na 392) Prudentius lara ezumike nká na ndụ ọha na eze ka ọ bụrụ onye na-agba ọsọ, na-ebu ọnụ ruo mgbede ma na-ezere kpam kpam nri anụmanụ;  na ide uri, ukwe, na ọrụ ndị na-ese okwu maka ịgbachitere [[Efefe Kraịst|Iso Ụzọ Kraịst]].[1]  Prudentius mechara chịkọta uri Ndị Kraịst e dere n’oge a ma tinye okwu mmalite, nke ya n’onwe ya depụtara na 405. == Abụ uri == Ndị Kraịst oge mbụ, dị ka Tertullian na St. Ambrose, na Bible na ihe omume ndị nwụrụ n'ihi okwukwe, na-emetụta uri Prudentius. Ukwe ya Da, puer, plectrum (gụnyere "Corde natus ex parentis": "Nke ịhụnanya Nna Mụrụ") na ukwe Epiphany O sola magnarum urbium ("Earth nwere ọtụtụ obodo ọma"), ha abụọ sitere na Cathemerinon. ka na-eji taa. <ref name="J. Rose, 1967 p. 508">H. J. Rose, ''A Handbook of Classical Literature'' (1967) p. 508</ref> Otú ọ dị, Psychomachia ihe atụ bụ ọrụ ya kachasị emetụta, na-etinye akụkụ nke esemokwu nke ndị [[Greece|Gris]] na nke uche.<ref>Gilbert Highet, ''Juvenal the Satirist'' (1960) p. 184</ref> Ọ ghọrọ ihe na-akpali akpali na isi iyi nke akwụkwọ ihe atụ nke oge ochie, mmetụta ya (dị ka C. S. Lewis si kwuo) karịrị uru nka ya.<ref>C. S. Lewis, ''The Allegory of Love'' (2013) p. 83</ref> N'ọgụ dị n'etiti omume ọma na omume rụrụ arụ, a na-enye ike nke Luxuria, "Flowershod na swaying from the wine cup, Every step a fragrance".<ref>Helen Waddell, ''The Wandering Scholars'' (1968) p. 48</ref> Ya na ndị na-ejere ya ozi Beauty and Pleasure, na ngwá agha ya nke rose-petals na violet, ọ nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịkpali ndị agha nke Virtue "n'inyefe n'ịhụnanya", tupu ha adaa na mmeri ikpeazụ.<ref>Quoted in B. Machosky, ''Structures of Appearing'' (2012) p. 85</ref> re0xlxfjbqjidhx70iecjyck9k8t0pp 0 30283 628617 120922 2026-04-01T22:27:10Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628617 wikitext text/x-wiki Onyinye push (nke a na-akpọkwa onyinye '''push''') bụ onyinye onye mmekọ ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ na-enye nne iji mee ka ọ pụta ìhè mgbe ọ mụrụ nwa ha. N'omume, enwere ike inye onyinye tupu ma ọ bụ mgbe amuchara, ma ọ bụ ọbụna n'ime ụlọ ọmụmụ. A na-eche na inye onyinye ndị a na-enye [anọpụ iche na-ese okwu] toro na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.<ref name="nyt" /> == Ebe o nwere ike isi malite == Enweghị ihe akaebe doro anya na ụlọ ọrụ ọla mepụtara onyinye ahụ iji ree ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ, ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a na-enyefe ya n'ụzọ dị ukwuu site n'okwu ọnụ ma ọ bụ nrụgide ndị ọgbọ n'etiti ndị nne na ndị nna.<ref name="nyt" /><ref name="fox" /> Dị ka Linda Murray, onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ,ebe obibi nwa si kwuo, "Ọ bụ atụmanya nke ndị nne n'ụbọchị ndị a na ha kwesịrị ihe maka ibu arọ maka ọnwa itoolu, na-arịa ọrịa, na-emebi ahụ ha. Obi amamikpe na-agbakọta n'ezie. "<ref name="nyt" /> Ebe ndị ọzọ na-achọpụta mmepe nke ugbu a na mmụba nke nkwenye nke ụmụ nwanyị, na-enye ha ohere ịrịọ maka onyinye kpọmkwem, ma ọ bụ mmụba itinye aka nke ụmụ nwoke na ime, na-eme ka ha mara banyere ihe mgbu na ihe isi ike nke [[Afọ ime|ime ime]] na ime.<ref name="nyt" /> == Ugboro ole a na-eme == Nnyocha puku abụọ na anọ nke ihe karịrị puku ịrị atọ zaghachirinụ site na BabyCenter chọpụtara na pasent ịrị atọ na asatọ nke ndị nne ọhụrụ nwetara onyinye, na pasent ịrị ịse na ịse nke ndị nne dị ime chọrọ otu, ọ bụ ezie na ole na ole chere na a tụrụ anya ya n'ezie. Ihe dị ka pasent ịrị anọ nke ìgwè abụọ ahụ kwuru na nwa ahụ n'onwe ya abụworị onyinye ma ha achọghị ụgwọ ọrụ ọzọ.<ref name="nyt">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/06/fashion/06push.html?ex=1354683600&en=5f57797f8bd491d0&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink|title=A Bundle of Joy Isn't Enough?|work=[[New York Times]]|date=December 6, 2007|author=Thomas Vinciguerra|authorlink=Thomas Vinciguerra|accessdate=2004-01-24}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFThomas_Vinciguerra2007">[[Thomas Vinciguerra]] (December 6, 2007). [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/06/fashion/06push.html?ex=1354683600&en=5f57797f8bd491d0&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink "A Bundle of Joy Isn't Enough?"]. ''[[New York Times]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2004-01-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> A na-ekwu na ewu ewu nke onyinye push bụ n'akụkụ ụfọdụ n'ihi mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi gbasara ndị ama ama na-anata ha. Ihe atụ gụnyere mgbaaka diamond 10 carat nke di ya Rodger nyere onye na-emepụta ejiji a ma ama Rachel Zoe mgbe amuchara nwa ha nwoke n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na ịrị ná otú , Bentley nke di ya Micah nyere onye na'ezie TV Peggy Tanous nke The Real Housewives of Orange County mgbe amucharịrị nwa ha nwanyị n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na asaa, na mgbaaka diamonds na sapphire nke di ya Nick Cannon nyere onye na na-agụ egwu Mariah Carey mgbe amuchasịrị ejima ha n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na ịrị ná otú.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Metz|first=Lauren|title=Rachel Zoe Sparkles with 10 Carat Push Present|url=http://origin.www.bravotv.com/blogs/the-dish/rachel-zoe-sparkles-with-10-carat-push-present|accessdate=1 August 2012|work=Bravo TV|date=17 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Rachel Zoe: I'm Happier Than I've Ever Been|url=http://celebritybabies.people.com/2011/05/05/rachel-zoe-im-happier-than-ive-ever-been/?xid=rss-topheadlines|accessdate=1 August 2012|work=People magazine Celebrity Babies|date=5 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Worlds most ridiculous push presents|url=https://newdadhub.co.uk/blog/worlds-most-ridiculous-push-presents|accessdate=23 May 2019|work=Newdadhub|date=22 May 2019}}</ref> Omume a emeela ka e meghachi omume, ebe ụfọdụ di na nwunye anaghị amasị ihe onwunwe nke push presents, ma họrọ enyemaka dị ukwuu n'ọrụ ụlọ ma ọ bụ nlekọta nwa, ma ọ bụ chekwaa ego maka agụmakwụkwọ nwatakịrị ahụ.<ref name="nyt" /> Dị ka ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara omume Pamela Holland si kwuo, ọ nweghị ntuziaka a kapịrị ọnụ maka onyinye push. "Ụkpụrụ bụ na enweghị ụkpụrụ, "ka o kwuru. "Ọ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya inwe omume ọma banyere onyinye agbamakwụkwọ ma ọ bụ nwa ịsa ahụ n'ihi na ị na-akpọ ndị ọzọ ka ha bịa. Mana nke a dị oke nso iji nwee iwu".<ref name="fox">{{Cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,99962,00.html|date=October 14, 2003|title='Push Presents' Expected from Expectant Fathers|author=Catherine Donaldson-Evans|work=[[Fox News]].com|accessdate=2007-01-24}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFCatherine_Donaldson-Evans2003">Catherine Donaldson-Evans (October 14, 2003). [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,99962,00.html "'Push Presents' Expected from Expectant Fathers"]. ''[[Akụkọ Fox|Fox News]].com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> N'ozuzu, ọ bụ nwanyị na-eme ka nwoke ya mara banyere onyinye, ọ bụghị n'ụzọ ọzọ, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịnwe nrụgide ndị enyi ịzụta otu n'aka nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị.<ref name="nyt">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/06/fashion/06push.html?ex=1354683600&en=5f57797f8bd491d0&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink|title=A Bundle of Joy Isn't Enough?|work=[[New York Times]]|date=December 6, 2007|author=Thomas Vinciguerra|authorlink=Thomas Vinciguerra|accessdate=2004-01-24}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFThomas_Vinciguerra2007">[[Thomas Vinciguerra]] (December 6, 2007). [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/06/fashion/06push.html?ex=1354683600&en=5f57797f8bd491d0&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink "A Bundle of Joy Isn't Enough?"]. ''[[New York Times]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2004-01-24</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name="fox" /> Nnyocha nke mkparịta ụka na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nne na nnaebe obibi nwa ya n'ịntanetị n'ime afọ atọ gara aga chọpụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke onyinye push ejirila pasent ịrị anọ rịa elu n'ime ọnwa iri na asatọ gara aga, ma e jiri ya tụnyere naanị pasent abụọ n'etiti afọ pụkụ abụọ na ịrị ná otú na afo pụkụ abụọ na ịrị ná abụọ. Nnyocha nke ndị nne otú pụkụ, narị abụọ BabyCenter kpughekwara na ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ (27%) na-atụ anya, ma ọ bụ enwetala, mmeghachi omume n'afọ a. Diamonds bụ onyinye kachasị ewu ewu n'ụdị mgbaaka ebighi ebi na ọnụahịa a na-eme site na $ 600 ruo $ 1,700. Kọmputa mbadamba, mgbaaka mara mma na elekere ndị na-emepụta ihe, na akpa aka bụkwa onyinye a ma ama iji mee emume ọbịbịa ọhụrụ. == Hụkwa == * ''desco da parto'' ma ọ bụ tray ọmụmụ * Ịsa ahụ nwa ọhụrụ == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Translated Article]] d69b9vw86z1vgq4d990d2u7uzgaf3uf 0 31418 628667 623353 2026-04-02T10:57:09Z King ChristLike 13051 628667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Oladapo Joshua Afolayan (amụrụ na 11 Septemba 1997) bụ onye bọọlụ bọọlụ nke bọọlụ bụ onye bekee nke na-agba bọọlụ dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ ma ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu maka 2. Oladapo Joshua Afolayan onye na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti 2. Klọb Bundesliga FC St. Pauli. Bundesliga FC St. Pauli == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọrụ mmalite === Afolayan sonyeere Harrow St Marys n'okpuru ọkwa 5 wee banye n'usoro ndị ntorobịa na Chelsea mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu, ebe ọ jụrụ ohere nke onyinye onye mmegide site na Arsenal. usoro ndị ntorobịa Chelsea Arsenal<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whufc.com/teams/development-squad/squad/oladapo-afolayan|title=Oladapo Afolayan|publisher=West Ham United F.C.|accessdate=23 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="obama">{{Cite web|title=Academy Spotlight: Oladapo Afolayan|url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2020/april/15-april/academy-spotlight-oladapo-afolayan|work=www.whufc.com|accessdate=4 July 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Solihull Observer">{{Cite news|title=From Toronto to Solihull: the rise of Solihull Moors striker Dapo Afolayan|url=https://solihullobserver.co.uk/sport/from-toronto-to-solihull-the-rise-of-solihull-moors-striker-dapo-afolayan/|accessdate=4 July 2020|work=Solihull Observer|date=27 April 2017|language=en}}</ref> Ọ lụsoro ịdị mkpụmkpụ ya ọgụ dị ka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ma bụrụ onye a machibidoro igwu egwu dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ. onye na-agba ọsọ<ref name="obama" /> Ọ hapụrụ Chelsea mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ ka bọọlụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ghara igbochi agụmakwụkwọ ya, na Merchant Taylors School. Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ndị Ahịa Taylors<ref name="set">{{Cite news|author=Evans|first=Chris|title=Dapo Afolayan: The forward who turned down Chelsea for non-league|url=https://thesetpieces.com/interviews/dapo-afolayan-forward-turned-chelsea-non-league/|accessdate=4 July 2020|work=The Set Pieces|date=16 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Scissorum Issue 186 February 2 2018 - mtsn.org.uk Issue 186 ... French mathematician Evariste Galois. ... This week the Outdoor Education Shooting Team embarked on a - [PDF Document]|url=https://vdocuments.net/scissorum-issue-186-february-2-2018-mtsnorguk-issue-186-french-mathematician.html|accessdate=1 February 2022|work=vdocuments.net|language=en|archivedate=1 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201170023/https://vdocuments.net/scissorum-issue-186-february-2-2018-mtsnorguk-issue-186-french-mathematician.html}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, Afolayan kwagara Canada ma nọrọ oge na ndị otu Toronto FC na League1 Ontario na Premier Development League. Toronto FC League1 Ontario Premier Development League O mechara kwuo na n'agbanyeghị na ọ dị naanị afọ iri na isii, ọ "na-azụ ndị otu mbụ ma soro ndị dị ka Jermain Defoe, Michael Bradley, Jozy Altidore na Sebastian Giovinco gwuo egwu". Jermain Defoe Michael Bradley Jozy Altidore Sebastian Giovinco<ref name="Solihull Observer"/> Ná ngwụcha oge 2015, ọ gbara bọọlụ maka ANB Futbol na League1 Ontario. ANB Football<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anbfutbol.com/2018%20Odadapo-Niklas.pdf|title=Two former ANB Futbol players sign professional contracts|date=February 2018|work=[[ANB Futbol]]}}</ref> Ọ gbakwara bọọlụ maka Mahadum nke Toronto Varsity Blues, mgbe ọ nọ na Canada. Mahadum nke Toronto Varsity Blues<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oua.ca/sports/msoc/2014-15/players/dapoafolayanek8h?view=career&pos=kickers|title=Dapo Afolayan|publisher=Ontario University Athletics|accessdate=23 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.league1ontario.com/news_article/show/601813|title=L1 2014 Post-Season Player Watch|date=3 December 2014|work=[[League1 Ontario]]|accessdate=3 October 2023|archivedate=5 February 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205062905/https://www.league1ontario.com/news_article/show/601813}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="2" |Toronto FC III |2014 |League1 Ontario | | | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | | | | |- |2015<ref>{{Cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722044257/http://uslpdl.com/teams/2015/74548977.html|archivedate=22 July 2015|url=http://uslpdl.com/teams/2015/74548977.html|title=TFC Academy PDL 2015|work=[[Premier Development League]]}}</ref> |Premier Development League |10 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |1 |- Ọ nọrọ oge ntorobịa ya n'ọtụtụ klọb: Harrow St Marys, Chelsea, Toronto FC, Barnet, Tooting & Mitcham United na Toronto Varsity Blues. Chelsea Toronto FC Barnet Tooting & Mitcham United Toronto Varsity Blues Ọ hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Chelsea iji lekwasị anya na GCSEs ya. Ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Canada mana ọ laghachiri England iji mụọ injinia obodo na Mahadum Loughborough. Mahadum Loughborough<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/january/23-january/oladapo-afolayan-ive-worked-my-socks-and-im-just-happy-its|title=Oladapo Afolayan: I've worked my socks off and I'm just happy it's paid off|publisher=whufc.com|date=23 January 2021|accessdate=23 January 2021}}</ref> Ọ bịanyere aka na Solihull Moors na Febụwarị 2017 wee gbaa goolu iri na ise n'egwuregwu iri ise, merie otu egwuregwu Premier League West Ham United ọnwa iri na abụọ ka e mesịrị; ndị otu England C mekwara ya. Solihull Moors Premier League England C Ọ nọrọ ọkara nke abụọ nke oge 2018-19 na mgbazinye na Oldham Athletic na ọkara mbụ nke mkpọsa 2019-20 na mgbazinye ego na Mansfield Town. Obodo Oldham Athletic Mansfield |ANB Futbol |2015 |League1 Ontario | | | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | | | | |- |Loughborough University |2016–17<ref name="lough">{{Cite web|url=http://fulltime-league.thefa.com/DisplayStatsForPlayer.do?id=668152828|title=Total Motion Midland Football League|publisher=Football Association|accessdate=23 February 2019|archivedate=24 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224062448/http://fulltime-league.thefa.com/DisplayStatsForPlayer.do?id=668152828}}</ref> |Midland League Premier Division |11 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |11 |3 |- | rowspan="3" |Solihull Moors |2016–17 |National League |15 |4 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |15 |4 |- |2017–18 |National League |30 |11 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{efn|Appearances in [[FA Trophy]]|name=FAT}} |0 |35 |11 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !45 !15 !3 !0 !0 !0 !2 !0 !50 !15 |- |West Ham United U21 |2020–21<ref name="2020-21">{{Soccerbase season|101299|2020|accessdate=23 January 2021}}</ref> |– | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4{{efn|Appearances in [[EFL Trophy]]|name=EFT}} |0 |4 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |West Ham United |2018–19 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |2019–20 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |2020–21 |Premier League |0 |0 |1 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !0 !0 !1 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !1 !1 |- |Oldham Athletic (loan) |2018–19<ref name="2018-19" /> |League Two |10 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |10 |0 |- |Mansfield Town (loan) |2019–20<ref name="2019-20" /> |League Two |6 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2{{efn|Appearances in [[EFL Trophy]]|name=EFT}} |0 |8 |1 |- |Bolton Wanderers (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |League Two |21 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |1 |- | rowspan="3" |Bolton Wanderers |2021–22 | rowspan="2" |League One |44 |12 |2 |0 |1 |0 |4{{efn|Appearances in [[EFL Trophy]]|name=EFT}} |2 |51 |14 |- |2022–23 |22 |3 |1 |0 |2 |1 |4{{efn|name=EFT}} |2 |29 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !66 !15 !3 !0 !2 !1 !8 !4 !80 !20 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !169 !36 !7 !1 !3 !1 !16 !4 !195 !42 |} {{notelist}} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Afolayan,Dapo}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] l9kr9g8op2mwen51xldppbp16uxmjrh 628668 628667 2026-04-02T10:57:43Z King ChristLike 13051 628668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Oladapo Joshua Afolayan (amụrụ na 11 Septemba 1997) bụ onye bọọlụ bọọlụ nke bọọlụ bụ onye bekee nke na-agba bọọlụ dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ ma ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu maka 2. Oladapo Joshua Afolayan onye na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti 2. Klọb Bundesliga FC St. Pauli. Bundesliga FC St. Pauli == Ọrụ klọb == Afolayan sonyeere Harrow St Marys n'okpuru ọkwa 5 wee banye n'usoro ndị ntorobịa na Chelsea mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu, ebe ọ jụrụ ohere nke onyinye onye mmegide site na Arsenal. usoro ndị ntorobịa Chelsea Arsenal<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whufc.com/teams/development-squad/squad/oladapo-afolayan|title=Oladapo Afolayan|publisher=West Ham United F.C.|accessdate=23 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="obama">{{Cite web|title=Academy Spotlight: Oladapo Afolayan|url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2020/april/15-april/academy-spotlight-oladapo-afolayan|work=www.whufc.com|accessdate=4 July 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Solihull Observer">{{Cite news|title=From Toronto to Solihull: the rise of Solihull Moors striker Dapo Afolayan|url=https://solihullobserver.co.uk/sport/from-toronto-to-solihull-the-rise-of-solihull-moors-striker-dapo-afolayan/|accessdate=4 July 2020|work=Solihull Observer|date=27 April 2017|language=en}}</ref> Ọ lụsoro ịdị mkpụmkpụ ya ọgụ dị ka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ma bụrụ onye a machibidoro igwu egwu dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ. onye na-agba ọsọ<ref name="obama" /> Ọ hapụrụ Chelsea mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ ka bọọlụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ghara igbochi agụmakwụkwọ ya, na Merchant Taylors School. Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ndị Ahịa Taylors<ref name="set">{{Cite news|author=Evans|first=Chris|title=Dapo Afolayan: The forward who turned down Chelsea for non-league|url=https://thesetpieces.com/interviews/dapo-afolayan-forward-turned-chelsea-non-league/|accessdate=4 July 2020|work=The Set Pieces|date=16 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Scissorum Issue 186 February 2 2018 - mtsn.org.uk Issue 186 ... French mathematician Evariste Galois. ... This week the Outdoor Education Shooting Team embarked on a - [PDF Document]|url=https://vdocuments.net/scissorum-issue-186-february-2-2018-mtsnorguk-issue-186-french-mathematician.html|accessdate=1 February 2022|work=vdocuments.net|language=en|archivedate=1 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201170023/https://vdocuments.net/scissorum-issue-186-february-2-2018-mtsnorguk-issue-186-french-mathematician.html}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, Afolayan kwagara Canada ma nọrọ oge na ndị otu Toronto FC na League1 Ontario na Premier Development League. Toronto FC League1 Ontario Premier Development League O mechara kwuo na n'agbanyeghị na ọ dị naanị afọ iri na isii, ọ "na-azụ ndị otu mbụ ma soro ndị dị ka Jermain Defoe, Michael Bradley, Jozy Altidore na Sebastian Giovinco gwuo egwu". Jermain Defoe Michael Bradley Jozy Altidore Sebastian Giovinco<ref name="Solihull Observer"/> Ná ngwụcha oge 2015, ọ gbara bọọlụ maka ANB Futbol na League1 Ontario. ANB Football<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anbfutbol.com/2018%20Odadapo-Niklas.pdf|title=Two former ANB Futbol players sign professional contracts|date=February 2018|work=[[ANB Futbol]]}}</ref> Ọ gbakwara bọọlụ maka Mahadum nke Toronto Varsity Blues, mgbe ọ nọ na Canada. Mahadum nke Toronto Varsity Blues<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oua.ca/sports/msoc/2014-15/players/dapoafolayanek8h?view=career&pos=kickers|title=Dapo Afolayan|publisher=Ontario University Athletics|accessdate=23 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.league1ontario.com/news_article/show/601813|title=L1 2014 Post-Season Player Watch|date=3 December 2014|work=[[League1 Ontario]]|accessdate=3 October 2023|archivedate=5 February 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205062905/https://www.league1ontario.com/news_article/show/601813}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- === Ọrụ mmalite === | rowspan="2" |Toronto FC III |2014 |League1 Ontario | | | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | | | | |- |2015<ref>{{Cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722044257/http://uslpdl.com/teams/2015/74548977.html|archivedate=22 July 2015|url=http://uslpdl.com/teams/2015/74548977.html|title=TFC Academy PDL 2015|work=[[Premier Development League]]}}</ref> |Premier Development League |10 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |1 |- Ọ nọrọ oge ntorobịa ya n'ọtụtụ klọb: Harrow St Marys, Chelsea, Toronto FC, Barnet, Tooting & Mitcham United na Toronto Varsity Blues. Chelsea Toronto FC Barnet Tooting & Mitcham United Toronto Varsity Blues Ọ hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Chelsea iji lekwasị anya na GCSEs ya. Ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Canada mana ọ laghachiri England iji mụọ injinia obodo na Mahadum Loughborough. Mahadum Loughborough<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/january/23-january/oladapo-afolayan-ive-worked-my-socks-and-im-just-happy-its|title=Oladapo Afolayan: I've worked my socks off and I'm just happy it's paid off|publisher=whufc.com|date=23 January 2021|accessdate=23 January 2021}}</ref> Ọ bịanyere aka na Solihull Moors na Febụwarị 2017 wee gbaa goolu iri na ise n'egwuregwu iri ise, merie otu egwuregwu Premier League West Ham United ọnwa iri na abụọ ka e mesịrị; ndị otu England C mekwara ya. Solihull Moors Premier League England C Ọ nọrọ ọkara nke abụọ nke oge 2018-19 na mgbazinye na Oldham Athletic na ọkara mbụ nke mkpọsa 2019-20 na mgbazinye ego na Mansfield Town. Obodo Oldham Athletic Mansfield |ANB Futbol |2015 |League1 Ontario | | | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | | | | |- |Loughborough University |2016–17<ref name="lough">{{Cite web|url=http://fulltime-league.thefa.com/DisplayStatsForPlayer.do?id=668152828|title=Total Motion Midland Football League|publisher=Football Association|accessdate=23 February 2019|archivedate=24 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224062448/http://fulltime-league.thefa.com/DisplayStatsForPlayer.do?id=668152828}}</ref> |Midland League Premier Division |11 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |11 |3 |- | rowspan="3" |Solihull Moors |2016–17 |National League |15 |4 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |15 |4 |- |2017–18 |National League |30 |11 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{efn|Appearances in [[FA Trophy]]|name=FAT}} |0 |35 |11 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !45 !15 !3 !0 !0 !0 !2 !0 !50 !15 |- |West Ham United U21 |2020–21<ref name="2020-21">{{Soccerbase season|101299|2020|accessdate=23 January 2021}}</ref> |– | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4{{efn|Appearances in [[EFL Trophy]]|name=EFT}} |0 |4 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |West Ham United |2018–19 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |2019–20 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |2020–21 |Premier League |0 |0 |1 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !0 !0 !1 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !1 !1 |- |Oldham Athletic (loan) |2018–19<ref name="2018-19" /> |League Two |10 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |10 |0 |- |Mansfield Town (loan) |2019–20<ref name="2019-20" /> |League Two |6 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2{{efn|Appearances in [[EFL Trophy]]|name=EFT}} |0 |8 |1 |- |Bolton Wanderers (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |League Two |21 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |1 |- | rowspan="3" |Bolton Wanderers |2021–22 | rowspan="2" |League One |44 |12 |2 |0 |1 |0 |4{{efn|Appearances in [[EFL Trophy]]|name=EFT}} |2 |51 |14 |- |2022–23 |22 |3 |1 |0 |2 |1 |4{{efn|name=EFT}} |2 |29 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !66 !15 !3 !0 !2 !1 !8 !4 !80 !20 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !169 !36 !7 !1 !3 !1 !16 !4 !195 !42 |} {{notelist}} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Afolayan, Dapo}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] r3r70d2n2q56ejb866op09n21urxa6c 0 31425 628686 623344 2026-04-02T11:55:18Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}    [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]] Dapo Torimiro bụ onye Naijiria na-ede egwu, onye na-emepụta ihe ndekọ, onye na'ọtụtụ ngwá egwu na onye na-agụ egwu. Dapo Torimiro<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dapo Torimiro: The Nigerian Producer American Stars Love to Work With|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/01/06/dapo-torimiro-the-nigerian-producer-american-stars-love-to-work-with/|publisher=This Day|accessdate=23 February 2019|date=6 January 2019}}</ref> A mụrụ ya na Lagos, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ egwu na US ruo ọtụtụ afọ na-ede ma na-emepụta egwu maka ọrụ album nke ndị na-ese ihe, na-agagharị na ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, yana ị nweta ihe nkiri na telivishọn dị iche iche. Ọdọ Mmiri Ọ bi na Los Angeles. == Ọrụ egwu == * Nnukwu ezumike Dapo bụ itinye egwu "Quickly" (nke ya na Frank Ocean na ndị na-emepụta ihe nrite Midi Mafia (50 Cent, Fantasia) dere) na abọm nke atọ nke onye mmeri Grammy John Legend, Evolver, nke a tọhapụrụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 2008. Frank Ocean Midi Mafia 50 Cent Fantasia Grammy John Legend Evolver N'igosi onye na-ere ọtụtụ platinum Brandy, "Quickly" nwetara ụda ụlọ ọrụ mbụ dị ka ọ bụghị naanị ihe sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ, ọmarịcha duet na-egosi ndị na-ese egwu R&B / pop, kamakwa dị ka otu n'ime nkume dị oké ọnụ ahịa nke abọm ahụ. Brandy Dapo, Frank Ocean na Midi Mafia so dee (na Dapo / Midi Mafia mepụtara) ihe dịka egwu 20+, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ Frank wepụtara dịka akụkụ nke "Lonny Breaux Collection" ya nke gụnyere ihe ngosi nke Justin Bieber's "Bigger" (My World) yana "Bedtime Stories", "Done", "Lights", "Quickly" (Frank's demo version), "Gụọ The Stars", "Standing I'm Done". * Ka e mesịrị n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 2008, Dapo nwekwara otuto maka ndekọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere "Running" (nke ya na James Fauntleroy na Midi Mafia dere) na David Archuleta's self-titled debut album (11 November 2008) - nke mbụ ya kemgbe ọ ghọrọ onye nke abụọ na American Idol na June 2008 - na "Torn Down" (nke James Fauntlersoy na Midi Mfia dere) site na album Brandy's very expected, Human (9 December 2008), nke ọ kọwara dị ka album nke onwe ya ruo taa. David Archuleta American Idol Human N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 2009, Dapo natara onye na-ede egwu na onye na-emepụta egwu maka egwu "Know Better", "Apart From Me", na "This Step Alone" na Fight for Love, abọm nke abụọ nke onye ikpeazụ nke American Idol Season 5 bụ Elliott Yamin, nke a tọhapụrụ na 5 Mee 2009. Ịlụ ọgụ maka Ịhụnanya American Idol Oge 5 Elliott Yamin Ọ nwetakwara otuto maka "Forever in You", nke gụnyere na abọm ahụ dị ka egwu iTunes na [[Japan]]. iTunes * Dapo bụ onye na-ese ihe na Yamaha. Yamaha<ref>[http://www.yamaha.com/artists/artistdetailb.html?CNTID=4101631&CTID=5070050 Yamaha Artist Page]</ref> Dapo na onye na-emepụta ihe nrite Grammy ugboro abụọ bụ Jeffrey Weber rụkọtara ọrụ iji dekọọ egwu maka mkpọsa onye isi ala nke Senator [[Barack Obama]] nke akpọrọ "Change". Barack Obama * Dapo so onye mmeri American Idol na onye na-ese ihe nkiri Grammy Jordin Sparks rụkọọ ọrụ na abọm nke abụọ ya bụ Battlefield na egwu akpọrọ "No Parade". American Idol Grammy Jordin Sparks Battlefield Dapo dere ma mepụta egwu "No Parade" ya na ndị na-ede egwu Oscar Scott Cutler na Anne Preven. Scott Cutler Anne Preven "Gụ", bụ [[Beyoncé Knowles]] na-abụ abụ na ihe nkiri Dreamgirls nke afọ 2006. Gee Beyoncé Knowles Dreamgirls Nnyocha mbụ nke abọm ahụ abụwo ihe dị mma n'ozuzu ya na ọtụtụ ndị nkatọ na-eme ka egwu dị iche iche dị ka "No Parade", nke a kọwara dị ka 'ịgbaji obi gị ọbụna tupu ya abanye n'abụ na-eme ihe ike.'.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090718082348/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20291410,00.html "Music Review of Battlefield (2009) Jordin Sparks"]. ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''</ref> * A mara ọkwa Dapo dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-ede egwu maka ihe nkiri Disney Channel Original Movie Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam tinyere Kara DioGuardi na ndị ọzọ. Disney Channel Original Movie Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam Kara DioGuardi<ref>[http://disneychannelmedianet.com/web/showpage/showpage.aspx?program_id=3122281&type=lead "Disney Channel Media Net"].</ref> (Dapo so dee, mepụta ma gwakọta "Fire" nke Matthew "Mdot" Finley rụrụ. Matthew "Mdot" Finley) * N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2009, Atlantic Records kwupụtara na Dapo ga-abụ otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta ihe nke onye na-agụ egwu R&B nke Grammy Award bụ Toni Braxton họpụtara iji rụọ ọrụ na abọm izizi ya a na-atụ anya ya (Pulse) nke a ga-ewepụta n'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwarị n'afọ 2010. Atlantic Records Toni Braxton Pulse<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/Atlantic-Records-1068556.html |title=Atlantic Records Press Release |accessdate=2023-10-03 |archivedate=2009-12-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212063715/http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/Atlantic-Records-1068556.html }}</ref> * Dapo so dee ma mepụta egwu "Bigger" (ya na ndị na-ede Frank Ocean na Midi Mafia) na akụkụ mbụ nke onye na-agụ egwu Canada bụ Justin Bieber nke abụọ mbụ studio album ya, My World, nke a tọhapụrụ na 17 Nọvemba 2009, site na Island Records. Nnukwu Justin Bieber My World Island Records Ashante Infantry nke Toronto Star kpọrọ "Bigger" otu n'ime egwu kachasị mma na abọm ahụ. Toronto Star<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/cdreview/article/726189--cd-review-my-world-by-justin-bieber|title=CD review: 'My World' by Justin Bieber|work=[[Toronto Star]]|accessdate=30 November 2010|date=16 November 2009|first=Ashante|author=Infantry}}</ref> N'izu na-agwụ na 5 Disemba 2009, n'ihi ahịa dijitalụ mgbe a tọhapụrụ My World, "Bigger" malitere na US Billboard Hot 100 na Canadian Hot 100. My World Billboard Hot 100 Canadian Hot 100 Egwú ahụ malitere na ọnụọgụ iri anọ na itoolu na chaatị Hot Digital Songs na US, ya mere ọ pụtara na ọnụọụọgụ iri itoolu na anọ na Hot 100. Abụ Digital na-ekpo ọkụ * Akụkụ nke abụọ nke abọm ahụ, My World 2.0, nke Dapo so dee ma mepụta egwu "Overboard" (nke Jessica Jarrell gosipụtara), ka a tọhapụrụ na 23 Machị 2010 wee malite na nọmba mbụ na US Billboard 200. Ụwa m 2.0 Billboard 200<ref>[http://www.justinbiebermusic.com/news_d.aspx?nid=6524 "My World 2.0 #1 Album in the US"]. ''[[Def Jam]]''</ref> N'ihe na-erughị otu ọnwa nke ntọhapụ, RIAA kwadoro akụkụ mbụ nke abọm ahụ Gold na United States, na n'ihe na'erughị ọnwa abụọ (8 Jenụwarị 2010), RIAA nyere ya Platinum na United States. RIAA RIAA<ref>[https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Justin%20Bieber&format=ALBUM&go=Search&perPage=50 "Justin Bieber RIAA album certifications"]. ''[[RIAA]]''</ref> * N'ịgbaso mgbọrọgwụ jazz ya, Dapo mepụtara ma dekọọ egwu ya na onye na-agụ egwu / onye na-eme ihe nkiri Tony Award, Anika Noni Rose maka album Disney, The Princess and The Frog: Tiana and Her Princess Friends. Anika Noni Rose Princess na Frog: Tiana na Ndị Enyi Ya Princess<ref>[http://www.hitsdailydouble.com/news/newsPage.cgi?news07861m01 HITS Magazine]</ref> Abọm ahụ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke ihe nkiri Disney nke afọ 2009 The Princess and the Frog ma wepụta ya na 24 Nọvemba 2009. Ihe nkiri Disney animated The Princess and the Frog Abọm ahụ bụ ntọhapụ na-esote na usoro egwu Disney 'And Friends' na-aga nke ọma ma gosipụta egwu "Down in New Orleans" nke Anika Noni Rose mere dịka onye na-ede egwu Academy Award Randy Newman dere ma Dapo Torimiro mepụtara. Onyinye Anika Noni Rose Academy Randy Newman N'ime abọm ọzọ sitere na Princess and the Frog, Bayou Boogie (Release date 3/16/10), Dapo dere ma mepụta egwu abụọ: "Everyday Princess" na "Sing Away Your Blues", nke Anika Noni Rose (dị ka Princess Tiana) rụrụ. Bayou Boogie Anika Noni Rose * Dapo bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Andrea Bocelli na David Foster na PBS Great Performances pụrụ iche, "Andrea Bocelli & David Foster: My Christmas. " Andrea Bocelle David Foster PBS Great Proformances Ihe ngosi ahụ malitere n'abalị ekele 2009 na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ n'ọnwa Disemba. * N'ọnwa Jenụwarị, Dapo biputere foto na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ya site na ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na Keke Palmer na Scotty Granger. Keke Palmer Scotty Granger * Na 7 Febụwarị 2012, Stacy Barthe wepụtara EP nke atọ ya, IN THE IN-BETWEEN . Stacy Barthe Egwú itoolu nke EP nwere egwu anọ Dapo dere ma mepụta. Sade-esque, "Easier Said Than Done", pụtara dị ka ọkacha mmasị ndị na-akwado ya. Egwú ndị ọzọ Dapo mepụtara gụnyere "Do Me" nke gosipụtara Dapo na guitar na piano, "Just My Luck" nke gosiputara egwu egwu Dapo na mgbakwunye ọhụrụ na mmepụta Dapo, melodica; na n'ikpeazụ, reggae-infused, "When I'm Gone". * Maka ọtụtụ n'ime ọnwa Febụwarị, Dapo na Barthe nọ na njem dị ka onye nduzi egwu ya, onye na-akpọ ụbọ akwara, na onye na-agụ egwú, dị ka akụkụ nke BET Music Matters / Estelle All of Me Tour, tinyere Luke James & Elle Varner, nke gụnyere ihe ngosi na Los Angeles (Key Club), San Diego, Oakland, Dallas, Houston, Austin, Birmingham, Atlanta, Washington D.C., Boston, Baltimore, na NYC (Irving Plaza) maka ntọhapụ nke Estelle's All of Me. BET Estelle All of Me Elle Varner Irving Plaza All of Me * N'etiti afọ 2012, a tọhapụrụ ya, "Ee m", Demi Lovato (Dapo / Priscilla Renea), na Japanese Deluxe Edition of Unbroken (April 2012) na "Make A Joyful Noise" na Disney Channel Original Movie, Let It Shine, nke a haziri maka ụbọchị ikuku June 2012 na Disney Channel. Demi Lovato Priscilla Renea Unbroken Disney Channel Original Movie Let It Shine * Na ngwụcha nke afọ 2012 gụnyere egwu Dapo dere, "Always Be Together", ya na Ester Dean maka X-FACTOR UK Winners, Little Mix na abọm mbụ ha, DNA. Ester Dean Obere Ngwakọta DNA Dapo sokwa Priscilla Renea dee "I'm A Diamond" maka Girls' Generation wepụtara na Girls' Generation II: Girls & Peace album. Ọgbọ ụmụ nwanyị Ọgbọ nke Abụọ: Ụmụ nwanyị & Udo == Nchịkọta diski ahọpụtara == == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Torimiro, Dapo}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ejkagjozgelhlmyuxuyhqyrqpf1zg9h 0 31427 628666 623354 2026-04-02T10:56:06Z King ChristLike 13051 copy edit 628666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Adedapo Oluseun Abiodun MFR {{Audio|Yo-Dapo Abiodun.ogg|Audio}}; amụrụ na 29 Mee 1960) bụ onye ọchụnta ego na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria, onye jere ozi dị ka Gọvanọ nke Ogun Steeti kemgbe 2019. Adedapo Oluseun Abiodun MFR (Nụrụ I) Naịjirịa Ogun State O meriri na ntuli aka 2019 n'okpuru ikpo okwu nke All Progressive Congress. Nzukọ Ọganihu Nile<ref name="nation">{{Cite news|date=12 March 2019|title=The new governors-elect in Southwest|publisher=The Nation|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/the-new-governors-elect-in-southwest/|accessdate=15 January 2020}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Abiodun na 29 Mee 1960 na Iperu Remo, Ogun State, n'ezinụlọ eze nke Iperu. Iperu Remo Ogun Steeti<ref name="Okohue">{{Cite news|first=Okohue|author=Patrick|url=https://dailytimes.ng/2019/05/22/dapo-abiodun-set-to-end-divisive-sectional-governance-in-ogun/|title=Dapo Abiodun set to end divisive, sectional governance in Ogun|date=22 May 2019|work=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref> A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ Dr. Emmanuel Abiodun na Mrs. Victoria Abiodun si Iperu Remo, na mpaghara Ogun East. Iperu Remo<ref name="Okohue" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-17|title=Nigeria: 5 things to know about Dapo Abiodun, Ogun State Governor|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/167338/nigeria-5-things-to-know-about-dapo-abiodun-ogun-state-governor/|accessdate=2022-03-30|work=The Africa Report.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mmụta == Akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ nke Abiodun ka bụ ihe a na-amaghị ama. O tinyere aka na ihe ihere asambodo na ntuli aka nke 2019 mgbe o kwuru na ntuliaka ndị omeiwu nke 2015 maka Ogun East na ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo, mana na ụdị gọvanọ nke 2019, o kwuru na ọ bụ naanị asambodo agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/318215-certificate-scandal-court-upholds-dapo-abiodun-as-apc-guber-candidate-in-ogun.html|title=Certificate scandal: Court upholds Dapo Abiodun as APC guber candidate in Ogun|date=7 March 2019|language=en-GB|accessdate=13 January 2020}}</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Seun Okinbaloye na telivishọn na Disemba 2018, Abiodun "Kpọọrọ na ọ nwetụbeghị nzere site na Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Channels|first=Television|date=30 December 2018|title=I Never Claimed To Have Gotten A Degree From OAU|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-7CmdtskwE|accessdate=30 December 2018|work=Channels Television}}</ref> O kwuru na ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ mana ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Corporate Affairs Commission. Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Na-eme n'Ụlọ Ọrụ<ref>{{Cite web|author=Daud|first=Olatunji|title=Why I want to succeed Amosun in 2019– Dapo Abiodun|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/08/why-i-want-to-succeed-amosun-in-2019-cac-chairdapo-abiodun/|publisher=Vanguard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ogun State Governor|url=https://nggovernorsforum.org/index.php/the-ngf/governors/545-ogun-state-governor|accessdate=2022-03-30|work=nggovernorsforum.org}}</ref> Tupu ọ banye n'ọkwa, ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Heyden Petroleum na onye guzobere First Power Limited.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dapo Abiodun, APC Ogun guber candidate, in certificate scandal|url=https://www.thecable.ng/exclusive-dapo-abiodun-apc-ogun-guber-candidate-in-certificate-scandal|publisher=The Cable|accessdate=2023-10-03|archivedate=2023-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714083716/https://www.thecable.ng/exclusive-dapo-abiodun-apc-ogun-guber-candidate-in-certificate-scandal}}</ref> N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2019, ụlọ ọrụ Independent National Electoral Commission kwupụtara na ọ bụ Gọvanọ a họpụtara ahọpụta nke Ogun State. Ogun State Independent National Electoral Commission<ref>{{Cite web|author=admin|date=2020-06-25|title=ALL GOVERNORS OF OGUN STATE|url=https://www.glimpse.ng/all-governors-of-ogun-state/|accessdate=2022-03-30|work=Glimpse Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-08-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810101737/https://www.glimpse.ng/all-governors-of-ogun-state/}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abiodun, Dapo}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:1960 births]] 475rcc4ishn7l5ogqhu8ztawjg8427x 0 31430 628688 623349 2026-04-02T11:57:40Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Dapo Lam Adesina {{Audio|Yo-Dapo Lam Adesina.ogg|Audio}}(amụrụ na 25 Ọktoba 1978) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria, onye so n'ụlọ nzuko omeiwu nke asatọ nke Naijiria. Dapo Lam Adesina Gee ụlọ nke asatọ nke Naịjirịa Ọ bụ onye otu All Progressives Congress (APC). Nzukọ Ndị Ọganihu Nile Ọ nọchitere anya Ibadan North East / South East Federal constituency nke Oyo State n'etiti afọ 2015 na 2019 . Ógbè Oyo Ọ bụ ugbu a onye enyemaka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị pụrụ iche (South West) nye onye isi oche nke ụlọ ndị nnọchi anya. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Dapo Lam Adesina na 25 Ọktoba 1978. Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ ya na Ayodele Nursery na Primary School na Ibadan, ọ gara prestigious Government College Ibadan (GCI), ọ gụrụ obere oge Electrical and Electronics Engineering na The Polytechnic, Ibadan (Eruwa Campus), tupu ọ kwaga na Mahadum nke Ibadan ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ngalaba Agricultural and Environmental Engineering. Kọleji Gọọmentị Ibadan (GCI) Polytechnic, Mahadum Ibadan nke Ibadan<ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|title=Biography of Dapo Lam Adeshina|url=http://www.nigerianbiography.com/2016/03/biography-of-adedapo-dauda-kako-lam.html|work=Nigerian Biography|accessdate=25 January 2019|archivedate=26 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126000808/http://www.nigerianbiography.com/2016/03/biography-of-adedapo-dauda-kako-lam.html}}</ref> == Ọrụ ọkachamara == Dapo Lam gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na gas, ebe ọ bụ onye isi na Skipet Oil Nig. Ltd. Ọ bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi oche nke Future Initiative Nigeria, ikpo okwu maka ndị ntorobịa Naijiria. Ọ na-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye nkwado maka Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC RS 11:32) na onye otu ndụmọdụ nke Youth Advocators Network. Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC RS 11:32)<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|author=Admin|title=From Felele To Abuja… Story Of Dapo Lam-Adesina At 39|url=http://insideoyo.com/felele-abuja-story-dapo-lam-adesina-39/|work=Inside Oyo|date=25 October 2017|accessdate=25 January 2019}}</ref> Dapo lam bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ na Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) ma mesịa na Stabillini Visinoni (ụlọ ọrụ nwanne nwanyị nke Bi -Courtney Construction Company) na Lagos. Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnyocha Ọhịa nke Naịjirịa (FRIN) Dapo lam rụkwara ọrụ na Ministry of Agriculture, Enugu State.<ref name="auto" /> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Dapo Lam malitere na 1998 mgbe a họpụtara ya dị ka odeakwụkwọ ọsụ ụzọ, Alliance for Democracy (AD), ngalaba ndị ntorobịa nke gọọmentị ime obodo Ibarapa East. Adesina sonyere n'otu ọnọdụ ahụ ọ nọ ugbu a na 2011 n'okpuru Action Congress of Nigeria (A.C.N) mana ọ meriri. Action Congress of Nigeria (A.C.N) == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adesina, Dapo Lam}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ȯra Ọyọ]] 4bxch4bqqxubkw0z46q077g4qza5s2h 0 31443 628687 623347 2026-04-02T11:56:15Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Dapo Sarumi|image=|office1=Federal Minister for Information|term_start1=June 1999|term_end1=January 2001|predecessor1=|successor1=[[Jerry Gana]]|birth_date=|birth_place=[[Epe, Lagos|Epe]], [[Lagos State]]|party=[[Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)|Social Democratic Party]]}} Dapo Sarumi bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria si Lagos Steeti. Dapo Sarumi Naijiria Lagos State<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://encomium.ng/chief-dapo-sarumi-debunks-stroke-tale/|title=Chief Dapo Sarumi debunks stroke tale|date=November 19, 2014|publisher=Encomium}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4MHAQAAMAAJ&q=Dapo+Sarumi+Lagos|title=Annual Report on Human Rights in Nigeria|author=Civil Liberties Organisation (Nigeria)|publisher=The Organisation, 1991, Indiana University|date=May 7, 2010}}</ref> Ọ bụbu minista na-ahụ maka ozi. N'afọ 1991, ọ sonyeere ndị Social Democratic Party (Nigeria) na ntuli aka gọvanọ n'okpuru ndị otu People's Front nke SDP nke Shehu Musa Yar'adua duziri, ndị otu PF gụnyere Yomi Edu, Bola Tinubu, Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila, Abubakar Koko, Babalola Borishade, Umaru Musa Yar'adu, Sabo Bakin Zuwo, na Rabiu Musak Kwan mana e mechara wepụ ya. Social Democratic Party (Nigeria) Shehu Musa Yar'adua Bola Tinubu Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila Abubakar Koko Babalola Borishade Umaru Musa Yar'adu Sabo Bakin Zuwo Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso Na ngwụcha afọ 2000, o tinyere aka n'ihe mberede okporo ụzọ ma nwụọ abụọ n'ime ndị enyemaka ya. "Minista Na-atụfu Enyemaka na Ọdachi Okporo ụzọ, "Panafrican News Agency, December 27, 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=See the 15 prominent politicians in Lagos State|url=https://news-af.feednews.com/news/detail/2a31e77cdd036981bb3178e23cb906e0?client=news|work=news-af.feednews.com|accessdate=2020-05-24}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sarumi, Dapo}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] db08bf5sf6ratlhn2y5payh70bzq3xx 0 31454 628670 621495 2026-04-02T11:07:14Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Darlington Nwokocha|image=|office1=Member of the<br>[[House of Representatives of Nigeria]]<br>from [[Abia State|Abia]]|term_start1=9 June 2015|term_end1=11 June 2023|predecessor1=|successor1=[[Ginger Onwusibe]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|1967|08|16|df=y}}|birth_place=|death_date=|party=[[Labour Party (Nigeria)|Labour Party]] (2023—present)}}{{Databox}} Darlington Nwokocha (amụrụ n'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1967) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria, onye jere ozi dị ka onye otu ndị omeiwu nke Naijiria na-anọchite anya mpaghara ndị omeiwu Abia Central kemgbe afọ 2023. Senate Darlington Nwokocha nke Naijiria<ref name="Daily">{{Cite web|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/27/election-result-inec-declares-lps-nwokocha-winner-of-abia-central-senatorial-seat/|title=Election result: INEC declares LP's Nwokocha winner of Abia Central Senatorial seat|date=27 February 2023|first=Don|author=Silas|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|accessdate=2 April 2023}}</ref> Tupu a họpụta ya na Senate, ọ bụ onye otu House of Representatives, na-anọchite anya Isiala-Ngwa North / Isiala-ngwa South site na 2015 ruo 2019. Ụlọ ndị nnọchiteanya Isiala-Ngwa North Isiala-ngwa South Nwokocha bụ onye otu Abia State House of Assembly site na 2007 ruo 2015. Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Abia Steeti<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/345|title=Hon. Darlington Nwokocha {{!}} Isiala Ngwa North/South Federal Constituency|work=National Assembly|accessdate=2 April 2023}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}  {{DEFAULTSORT:Nwokocha, Darlington}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] miai59xi7o0wj5w4qwbzld1pc6rih2c 628671 628670 2026-04-02T11:07:32Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Darlington Nwokocha|image=|office1=Member of the<br>[[House of Representatives of Nigeria]]<br>from [[Abia State|Abia]]|term_start1=9 June 2015|term_end1=11 June 2023|predecessor1=|successor1=[[Ginger Onwusibe]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|1967|08|16|df=y}}|birth_place=|death_date=|party=[[Labour Party (Nigeria)|Labour Party]] (2023—present)}}{{Databox}} Darlington Nwokocha (amụrụ n'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1967) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria, onye jere ozi dị ka onye otu ndị omeiwu nke Naijiria na-anọchite anya mpaghara ndị omeiwu Abia Central kemgbe afọ 2023. Senate Darlington Nwokocha nke Naijiria<ref name="Daily">{{Cite web|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/27/election-result-inec-declares-lps-nwokocha-winner-of-abia-central-senatorial-seat/|title=Election result: INEC declares LP's Nwokocha winner of Abia Central Senatorial seat|date=27 February 2023|first=Don|author=Silas|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|accessdate=2 April 2023}}</ref> Tupu a họpụta ya na Senate, ọ bụ onye otu House of Representatives, na-anọchite anya Isiala-Ngwa North / Isiala-ngwa South site na 2015 ruo 2019. Ụlọ ndị nnọchiteanya Isiala-Ngwa North Isiala-ngwa South Nwokocha bụ onye otu Abia State House of Assembly site na 2007 ruo 2015. Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Abia Steeti<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/345|title=Hon. Darlington Nwokocha {{!}} Isiala Ngwa North/South Federal Constituency|work=National Assembly|accessdate=2 April 2023}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}  {{DEFAULTSORT:Nwokocha, Darlington}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] e7boi66e3fvqps5g37o52kteyd86cmf 0 32335 628558 142686 2026-04-01T14:48:21Z Geraldine Kene 23189 Fixed reference error 628558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area|name=Zhiguli Nature Reserve|alt_name={{lang-ru|Жигулёвский им. И. И. Спрыгина заповедник}}<br/>(Also: Zhigulevsky Zapovednik "I.I. Sprygin")|iucn_category=ia|photo=File:Самарская Лука, гора Стрельная.jpg|photo_caption=Zhiguli Zapovednik|photo_width=300|map=Russia|relief=yes|map_caption=Location of Reserve|location=[[Samara Oblast]]|nearest_city=[[Zhigulyovsk]]|coordinates={{coord|53|24|54|N|49|49|17|E|region:RU|format=dms|display=inline,title}}|coords_ref=|area={{convert|23157|ha|acre+sqmi|0|lk=on}}|established={{start date|1966}}|website=http://zhreserve.ru/|governing_body=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]]}} {{Databox}} '''Zhiguli Nature Reserve''' ({{lang-ru|Жигулёвский им. И. И. Спрыгина}}) (also '''Zhigulevsky''') is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict nature reserve) located on the Samara Bend in the Samara region, where the Volga River swings around the Zhiguli Mountains. The reserved is situated in the Stavropolsky District of Samara Oblast.<ref name="reservesite">{{Cite web|title=Zhiguli Zapovednik (Official Site)|url=http://zhreserve.ru/|publisher=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]]|language=ru|accessdate=January 21, 2016}}</ref><ref name="zapsite">{{Cite web|title=Zhiguli Zapovednik|url=http://www.zapoved.ru/catalog/35/|publisher=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]]|language=ru|accessdate=January 21, 2016}}</ref> The reserve is important because of its scientific value in the biodiversity of its closely placed variety of habitats. In 2007, the Zhiguli Reserve was added to the UNESCO Middle Volga Biosphere Reserve, along with the surrounding Samarskaya Luka National Park. Ogige Zhiguli na-ekpuchi mpaghara ugwu nke etiti Samara Bend. Ọ dị n'ebe ugwu site na Kuybyshev Reservoir nke Osimiri Volga, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, ndịda na ọwụwa anyanwụ site na Samarskaya Luka National Park. Ala ahụ dum bụ ugwu, na obere akụkụ nke ọhịa dị ala na ụsọ mmiri na ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Ugwu dị n'ime ebe nchekwa ahụ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye site na 250 m n'ịdị elu n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, ruo 371 m n'etiti, wee belata ruo mita 250 n'ókè ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ndagwurugwu abụọ: [[Bakhilova Polyana]], na ndagwurugwu.<ref name="reservesite" /> [[Usòrò:WW_Samara_Bend_-_Geocover_2000.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|260x260px|Foto Satellite nke Samara Bend na Osimiri Volga. Zhiguli Reserve bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ gbara ọchịchịrị n'akụkụ ugwu nke etiti ala ahụ.]] .   Zhiguli dị na mpaghara ọhịa steppe nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe. Mpaghara ecoregion a bụ mpaghara mgbanwe n'etiti oké ọhịa ndị dị n'ebe ugwu na ala ahịhịa dị n' ndịda; a na-eji oke ọhịa, steppe, na ala mmiri mara ya.<ref name="ecomap">{{Cite web|title=Map of Ecoregions 2017|url=https://ecoregions2017.appspot.com/|publisher=Resolve, using WWF data|language=en|accessdate=September 14, 2019}}</ref> Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Zhiguli bụ ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, oge okpomọkụ (Köppen climate classification (Dfb) ). Ọnọdụ ihu igwe a nwere nnukwu mgbanwe okpomọkụ, ma n'ehihie ma n'oge okpomọkụ.<ref name="kop">{{Cite web|author=Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006|title=World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated|url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/Paper_2006.pdf|publisher=Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006|language=en|accessdate=September 14, 2019}}</ref><ref name="kop-data">{{Cite web|title=Dataset - Koppen climate classifications|url=https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-maps-k%C3%B6ppen-geiger-climate-classification|publisher=World Bank|language=en|accessdate=September 14, 2019}}</ref> == Flora na anụmanụ == A na-ekpuchi ebe nchekwa ahụ 94% site na oke ọhịa coniferous-deciduous na deciduous. Ihe fọdụrụnụ bụ ala ahịhịa na ala ahịhi. Ugwu limestone na chalk na-akwado ụfọdụ ọhịa pine steppe na-amaghị nwoke, nke nwere ebe obibi steppe, sphagnum bogs, floodplain oak na osokorevo-vetlovye, na willow thickets. Biodiversity dị elu ma jupụta n'ime obere mpaghara: ọ bụ ezie na Zhiguli bụ naanị 0.16% nke mpaghara Samara, ọ nwere ihe karịrị 1,000 n'ime ụdị osisi 1,500 dị elu nke mpaghara ahụ. <ref name="zapsite">{{Cite web|title=Zhiguli Zapovednik|url=http://www.zapoved.ru/catalog/35/|publisher=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]]|language=ru|accessdate=January 21, 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.zapoved.ru/catalog/35/ "Zhiguli Zapovednik"] (in Russian). [[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)]]</ref>Ụdị osisi iri ise dị n'ebe ahụ bụ ihe ncheta, na-adị ndụ site na oge ọdịdị ala gara aga. N'etiti ụmụ anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara, ebe nchekwa ahụ bụ ihe a ma ama maka ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu ya na ụdị dị iche iche nke obere ụmụ oke, dị ka ụgbala na òké nwere olu odo.<ref name="reservesite">{{Cite web|title=Zhiguli Zapovednik (Official Site)|url=http://zhreserve.ru/|publisher=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]]|language=ru|accessdate=January 21, 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://zhreserve.ru/ "Zhiguli Zapovednik (Official Site)"] (in Russian). [[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)]]</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E guzobere Zhiguli Reserve na 1927, ma nwee mgbanwe na aha, ọnọdụ na ókèala kemgbe ahụ. E guzobere ya na mbụ dị ka Srednevolzhskiy Reserve na 1927 maka nyocha sayensị, a haziri ya ma nye ya aha ọzọ Kuibyshev Reserve na 1938 na-elekwasị anya n'ịchịkwa ọhịa. N'oge a, e webatara ụdị dị iche iche, dị ka Sika deer na Amur Cork Tree (Phellodendron amurense), na-emebi ihe maka ọdịdị mbụ nke osisi na anụmanụ. N'ime afọ 1940, mmebi ọzọ mere ka a na-egwu mmanụ azụmahịa na mpaghara ahụ. E mechiri ebe nchekwa ahụ na 1961, mana e guzobeghachiri ya na 1966. N'afọ 1977, a gbanwere aha ebe nchekwa ahụ iji sọpụrụ Ivan Sprygin, onye ọsụ ụzọ nke Samara Region, na onye nduzi mbụ nke Zhiguli Reserve.<ref name="zapsite">{{Cite web|title=Zhiguli Zapovednik|url=http://www.zapoved.ru/catalog/35/|publisher=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]]|language=ru|accessdate=January 21, 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.zapoved.ru/catalog/35/ "Zhiguli Zapovednik"] (in Russian). [[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)]]</ref> [[Usòrò:Ivan_Sprygin_-_1.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|360x360px|Ivan Sprygin, onye ọsụ ụzọ na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ nke a na-akpọ Zhiguli Reserve]] == Njem Okike == Dị ka ebe nchekwa okike siri ike, a na-emechi Zhiguli Reserve maka ọha na eze, ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị nwere ebumnuche 'agụmakwụkwọ gburugburu ebe obibi' nwere ike ime ndokwa na njikwa ogige maka nleta. E nwere ụzọ abụọ 'ecotourist' na nchekwa ahụ, Otú ọ dị, nke na-emeghe maka ọha na eze, mana ọ chọrọ ikike iji nweta tupu oge eruo. Ụzọ ọha na eze mbụ bụ njem ụgbọ ala gaa Strelna Mountain, nke ọzọ bụ ịga ije gaa na "Stone Bowl" (ọzụzụ karst). A ghaghị ime njem nlegharị anya n'ihu ndị ọrụ nchekwa, ọ pụghịkwa ịdịru ihe karịrị awa anọ.<ref name="reservesite">{{Cite web|title=Zhiguli Zapovednik (Official Site)|url=http://zhreserve.ru/|publisher=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]]|language=ru|accessdate=January 21, 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://zhreserve.ru/ "Zhiguli Zapovednik (Official Site)"] (in Russian). [[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)]]</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke Russian Nature Reserves (class 1a 'zapovedniks') == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category|Zhigulevsky Nature Reserve}}{{Russian Zapovedniks}} [[Òtù:Wiki activate SDG]] 9tlzfqf4wn67fwtrgladp4vlkbggw4i 628559 628558 2026-04-01T14:52:23Z Geraldine Kene 23189 Fixed reference error 628559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area|name=Zhiguli Nature Reserve|alt_name={{lang-ru|Жигулёвский им. И. И. Спрыгина заповедник}}<br/>(Also: Zhigulevsky Zapovednik "I.I. Sprygin")|iucn_category=ia|photo=File:Самарская Лука, гора Стрельная.jpg|photo_caption=Zhiguli Zapovednik|photo_width=300|map=Russia|relief=yes|map_caption=Location of Reserve|location=[[Samara Oblast]]|nearest_city=[[Zhigulyovsk]]|coordinates={{coord|53|24|54|N|49|49|17|E|region:RU|format=dms|display=inline,title}}|coords_ref=|area={{convert|23157|ha|acre+sqmi|0|lk=on}}|established={{start date|1966}}|website=http://zhreserve.ru/|governing_body=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]]}} {{Databox}} '''Zhiguli Nature Reserve''' ({{lang-ru|Жигулёвский им. И. И. Спрыгина}}) (also '''Zhigulevsky''') is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict nature reserve) located on the Samara Bend in the Samara region, where the Volga River swings around the Zhiguli Mountains. The reserved is situated in the Stavropolsky District of Samara Oblast.<ref name="reservesite">{{Cite web|title=Zhiguli Zapovednik (Official Site)|url=http://zhreserve.ru/|publisher=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]]|language=ru|accessdate=January 21, 2016}}</ref><ref name="zapsite" /> The reserve is important because of its scientific value in the biodiversity of its closely placed variety of habitats. In 2007, the Zhiguli Reserve was added to the UNESCO Middle Volga Biosphere Reserve, along with the surrounding Samarskaya Luka National Park. Ogige Zhiguli na-ekpuchi mpaghara ugwu nke etiti Samara Bend. Ọ dị n'ebe ugwu site na Kuybyshev Reservoir nke Osimiri Volga, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, ndịda na ọwụwa anyanwụ site na Samarskaya Luka National Park. Ala ahụ dum bụ ugwu, na obere akụkụ nke ọhịa dị ala na ụsọ mmiri na ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Ugwu dị n'ime ebe nchekwa ahụ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye site na 250 m n'ịdị elu n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, ruo 371 m n'etiti, wee belata ruo mita 250 n'ókè ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ndagwurugwu abụọ: [[Bakhilova Polyana]], na ndagwurugwu.<ref name="reservesite" /> [[Usòrò:WW_Samara_Bend_-_Geocover_2000.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|260x260px|Foto Satellite nke Samara Bend na Osimiri Volga. Zhiguli Reserve bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ gbara ọchịchịrị n'akụkụ ugwu nke etiti ala ahụ.]] .   Zhiguli dị na mpaghara ọhịa steppe nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe. Mpaghara ecoregion a bụ mpaghara mgbanwe n'etiti oké ọhịa ndị dị n'ebe ugwu na ala ahịhịa dị n' ndịda; a na-eji oke ọhịa, steppe, na ala mmiri mara ya.<ref name="ecomap">{{Cite web|title=Map of Ecoregions 2017|url=https://ecoregions2017.appspot.com/|publisher=Resolve, using WWF data|language=en|accessdate=September 14, 2019}}</ref> Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Zhiguli bụ ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, oge okpomọkụ (Köppen climate classification (Dfb) ). Ọnọdụ ihu igwe a nwere nnukwu mgbanwe okpomọkụ, ma n'ehihie ma n'oge okpomọkụ.<ref name="kop">{{Cite web|author=Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006|title=World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated|url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/Paper_2006.pdf|publisher=Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006|language=en|accessdate=September 14, 2019}}</ref><ref name="kop-data">{{Cite web|title=Dataset - Koppen climate classifications|url=https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-maps-k%C3%B6ppen-geiger-climate-classification|publisher=World Bank|language=en|accessdate=September 14, 2019}}</ref> == Flora na anụmanụ == A na-ekpuchi ebe nchekwa ahụ 94% site na oke ọhịa coniferous-deciduous na deciduous. Ihe fọdụrụnụ bụ ala ahịhịa na ala ahịhi. Ugwu limestone na chalk na-akwado ụfọdụ ọhịa pine steppe na-amaghị nwoke, nke nwere ebe obibi steppe, sphagnum bogs, floodplain oak na osokorevo-vetlovye, na willow thickets. Biodiversity dị elu ma jupụta n'ime obere mpaghara: ọ bụ ezie na Zhiguli bụ naanị 0.16% nke mpaghara Samara, ọ nwere ihe karịrị 1,000 n'ime ụdị osisi 1,500 dị elu nke mpaghara ahụ. <ref name="zapsite" />Ụdị osisi iri ise dị n'ebe ahụ bụ ihe ncheta, na-adị ndụ site na oge ọdịdị ala gara aga. N'etiti ụmụ anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara, ebe nchekwa ahụ bụ ihe a ma ama maka ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu ya na ụdị dị iche iche nke obere ụmụ oke, dị ka ụgbala na òké nwere olu odo.<ref name="reservesite" /> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E guzobere Zhiguli Reserve na 1927, ma nwee mgbanwe na aha, ọnọdụ na ókèala kemgbe ahụ. E guzobere ya na mbụ dị ka Srednevolzhskiy Reserve na 1927 maka nyocha sayensị, a haziri ya ma nye ya aha ọzọ Kuibyshev Reserve na 1938 na-elekwasị anya n'ịchịkwa ọhịa. N'oge a, e webatara ụdị dị iche iche, dị ka Sika deer na Amur Cork Tree (Phellodendron amurense), na-emebi ihe maka ọdịdị mbụ nke osisi na anụmanụ. N'ime afọ 1940, mmebi ọzọ mere ka a na-egwu mmanụ azụmahịa na mpaghara ahụ. E mechiri ebe nchekwa ahụ na 1961, mana e guzobeghachiri ya na 1966. N'afọ 1977, a gbanwere aha ebe nchekwa ahụ iji sọpụrụ Ivan Sprygin, onye ọsụ ụzọ nke Samara Region, na onye nduzi mbụ nke Zhiguli Reserve.<ref name="zapsite">{{Cite web|title=Zhiguli Zapovednik|url=http://www.zapoved.ru/catalog/35/|publisher=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]]|language=ru|accessdate=January 21, 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.zapoved.ru/catalog/35/ "Zhiguli Zapovednik"] (in Russian). [[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)]]</ref> [[Usòrò:Ivan_Sprygin_-_1.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|360x360px|Ivan Sprygin, onye ọsụ ụzọ na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ nke a na-akpọ Zhiguli Reserve]] == Njem Okike == Dị ka ebe nchekwa okike siri ike, a na-emechi Zhiguli Reserve maka ọha na eze, ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị nwere ebumnuche 'agụmakwụkwọ gburugburu ebe obibi' nwere ike ime ndokwa na njikwa ogige maka nleta. E nwere ụzọ abụọ 'ecotourist' na nchekwa ahụ, Otú ọ dị, nke na-emeghe maka ọha na eze, mana ọ chọrọ ikike iji nweta tupu oge eruo. Ụzọ ọha na eze mbụ bụ njem ụgbọ ala gaa Strelna Mountain, nke ọzọ bụ ịga ije gaa na "Stone Bowl" (ọzụzụ karst). A ghaghị ime njem nlegharị anya n'ihu ndị ọrụ nchekwa, ọ pụghịkwa ịdịru ihe karịrị awa anọ.<ref name="reservesite" /> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke Russian Nature Reserves (class 1a 'zapovedniks') == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category|Zhigulevsky Nature Reserve}}{{Russian Zapovedniks}} [[Òtù:Wiki activate SDG]] cp01jre9yf2vvai2sbwwyh22w9wyaaq 0 32365 628564 199760 2026-04-01T16:12:34Z Geraldine Kene 23189 Fixed reference error 628564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Oke ọhịa Akure bụ ebe echedoro na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Nigeria na-ekpuchi 66kn{{Convert|66|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Adekugbe|first=O. A.|authorlink=Oyerinde, O. V.|date=Jan 7, 2021|title=Socio-Economic Characteristics and Level of Awareness and Perception on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Programme (REDD+) by Rural Communities in Akure Forest Reserve, Nigeria|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/202565 https://www.ajol.info/index.p:/|journal=Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management|volume=24|issue=11|pages=1909–1915|doi=10.4314/jasem.v24i11.10}}</ref> N'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, e nweela nnukwu mgbukpọ ọhịa n'ógbè a, nke nwere nnukwu mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi. <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=Analysis of Pattern and Extent of Deforestation in Akure Forest Reserve, Ondo State, Nigeria|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332883956|accessdate=|work=}}</ref>Ogige Akure Forest bụ ebe a na-edebe ọhịa maka nchekwa ma ọ bụ iji ya eme ihe na Ile Oluji / Okeigbo, Ondo State, Nigeria, na Latitude nke 7° 17′ 39′′ N na Longitude nke 5° 2′ 3′′ E.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monitoring Akure Forest Reserve Change Over Time – Sambus Geospatial|url=https://sambusgeospatial.com/monitoring-akure-forest-reserve-change-over-time/|accessdate=2022-09-09|language=en}}</ref> == Ebe obibi == Akure Forest Reserve dị na Ondo State, Nigeria, mpaghara dị na Akure South Local Government Area.Ọ na-ada n'ime longitudes 5o9′ na 5o11′ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Greenwich Meridian na latitudes 7o16′ na 7o18′ n'akụkụ ugwu nke equator. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Komolafe|first=Olufemi Odunayo|date=14–20 August 2022|title=Geospatial Modelling of Akure Forest Reserve in Ondo State, Nigeria|pages=346–357|work=Proceedings of the 8th Biennial Conference of the Forests and Forest Products Society|url=https://www.ffps.org.ng/docs/conf/geospatial_modeling_of_akure_forest_reserve_in_ondo_state_nigeria.pdf}}</ref>E guzobere ya dị ka ebe nchekwa na 1936. Ọ na-ekpuchi ala nke ihe dị ka 69.93km2. Na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọ dị na Ondo Steeti dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Naijiria ma nwee ókèala na Osun Steeti dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ogige ọhịa Akure na LGAs ise, na Ondo Steeti ya bụ: Ile Oluji, Oke-Igbo, Ifedore, Akure South, Idanre na Ondo East. <ref name=":0" /> == Ọnọdụ ihu igwe == Akure nwere ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ nke nwere oke okpomọkụ kwa ụbọchị nke 27 °C - 38 °C n'otu n'otu, n'oge mmiri na 23 °C - 39 °C n"otu n'oge ọkọchị. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Daniel|first=Olabode|date=2015-09-30|title=Urban Extreme Weather: A Challenge for a Healthy Living Environment in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria|journal=Climate|language=en|volume=3|issue=4|pages=775–791|doi=10.3390/cli3040775|issn=2225-1154}}</ref>Otú ọ dị, dị ka Adejoba et al. si kwuo, nkezi okpomọkụ kwa ụbọchị dị n'etiti 21 °C na 29 °C maka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ dum. <ref>Adejoba, O., Kleine M., Taboada T. 2014. Reducing deforestation and forest degradation and enhancing environmental services from Forests (REDDES), with support from the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), IUFRO-SPDC and FORNESSA, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria. Online available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20231224014825/https://www.iufro.org/download/file/18240/5656/FORNESSA_Factsheet_Nigeria_final_pdf/</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp;Oge mmiri ozuzo n'ógbè a na-ewe ihe dị ka ọnwa 9.6 na mmiri ozuzo kwa ọnwa nke ihe dị ka 0.5inches, na 9.0 inches na Septemba dị ka ọnwa mmiri ozuzo kachasị. Nkezi mmiri ozuzo a na-eme kwa afọ dịgasị iche site na 2000mm na ndịda ruo 1500mm na ugwu. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Akure Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark|url=https://weatherspark.com/y/51445/Average-Weather-in-Akure-Nigeria-Year-Round#google_vignette|accessdate=2023-09-10|work=weatherspark.com|language=en}}</ref>Mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ sitere na 80-85% (NiMET, 2016). Oge mmiri ozuzo na-amalite n'ọnwa Eprel ma na-agwụ n'ọnwarị, na ndekọ mmiri ozuzo kachasị njọ na-eme na Julaị na Ọgọstụ, ebe oge ọkọchị na-adị site na Nọvemba ruo Machị (Akinseye).<ref>Akinseye, 2010. Climate variability and effects of weather elements on cocoa and cashew crops in Nigeria. Master Thesis, Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria.</ref> Akụkụ ndịda nke ala ahụ dị ala, na-agbagọ agbagọ, ma nwee ịdị elu nke 216 ruo 504 mita, ebe akụkụ ugwu nwere ugwu ugwu ndị dị n'etiti. Gneiss na nkume crystalline mejupụtara ala n'okpuru. Ọ nwere pH dị n'agbata 6.7 na 7.3 ma bụrụ ájá na ihe mejupụtara ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Gbiri|first=Isaac A.|date=June 2019|title=Analysis of Forest Vegetal Characteristics of Akure Forest Reserve from Optical Imageries and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data|url=https://www.ej-eng.org/index.php/ejeng/article/view/1340|journal=EJERS, European Journal of Engineering Research and Science (European Open Science)|volume=4|issue=6}}</ref> == Flora na anụmanụ == [[Usòrò:Diademmeerkatze_in_Gede.jpg|alt=Picture of white throated Monkey|thumb|Foto nke Nnụnụ a tụfuru agba ọcha]] Ogige ọhịa Akure bụ ebe obibi nke ụdị osisi na anụmanụ dị iche iche. O nwere nnukwu ụdị dị iche iche, ọgaranya, na ọtụtụ ụdị osisi, na narị itoolu na iri ise na isii (956) osisi pụrụ iche gụrụ n'ozuzu; O nwere ụdị osisi 42 dị iche iche. Ezinụlọ ndị kachasị ewu ewu bụ Sterculiaceae, Apocynaceae, na Baraginaceae, na-egosi ọtụtụ ụdị osisi na mpaghara ahụ (Amonum et al., 2019). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem|accessdate=2023-09-16|work=www.ajol.info}}</ref>Nnukwu ọhịa ahụ bụkwa ebe obibi nke ụfọdụ anụmanụ, gụnyere enwe mona, enwe na-acha ọcha, enwe nwere imi na-acha ọbara ọbara na mangabey na-acha uhie uhie. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=African Journals Online (AJOL)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_554|accessdate=2023-09-18|doi=10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_554}}</ref>Ogige ọhịa Akure bụkwa ebe obibi nke ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche nke ụdị ụmụ ahụhụ nwere ihe dị ka ụmụ ahụhụ 13,578 nke e kesara n'etiti ezinụlọ 30 sitere na usoro 15. <ref name="ajol.info">{{Cite web|title=International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs|accessdate=2023-09-19|work=www.ajol.info}}</ref>N'ime usoro okike nke oké ọhịa, a na-ekewa ụdị ụmụ ahụhụ dị iche iche n'ụdị atọ dị iche iche. N'ime ala ala ala, a hụrụ ngụkọta nke ụmụ ahụhụ 5,182, na-anọchite anya ezinụlọ 46 dị iche iche ma na-agbasa usoro 8. N'ime agroforest koko, e dere ụmụ ahụhụ 5,884, gụnyere ezinụlọ 50 na iwu 10. Oké ọhịa a na-egbutu egbutu, n'aka nke ọzọ, nwere ụmụ ahụhụ 2,490, na-agbasa usoro 10 na ezinụlọ 56. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, ezinụlọ na usoro kachasị ukwuu bụ Lepidoptera, nke nwere mmadụ 4,000, na Orthoptera, nke addaan mmadụ 1,260 . Ụmụ ahụhụ ndị a na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-emebi akwụkwọ n'ime usoro okike.<ref name="ajol.info" /> == Mmetụta mmadụ na-emetụta == Ọtụtụ nnyocha egosila nnukwu ọrụ mmadụ na-aga n'ihu gburugburu ebe nchekwa ọhịa Akure. Ọrụ ndị a sitere na ọrụ ugbo ruo n'ịkụ osisi, ime obodo, wdg nke na-emetụta ebe nchekwa ahụ n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma. Ịkụ osisi emetụtala ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ ahụhụ n'oké ọhịa ahụ n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama ka ọ na-ahapụ ala na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla ma kpọọ nkụ na-ewepụ ha na gburugburu ebe obibi ha. Ihe kachasị njọ, bụ na e nwere obere ma ọ bụ enweghị mmata maka obodo ndị dị n'ime obodo banyere nchekwa nke ọhịa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị ọkà mmụta a chọpụtara na obodo ndị bi n'ime ime obodo na-ebi gburugburu ọhịa na-adabere n'oké ọhịa maka ndụ ha. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Adekugbe|first=O. A.|date=Jan 7, 2021|title=Socio-Economic Characteristics and Level of Awareness and Perception on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Programme (REDD+) by Rural Communities in Akure Forest Reserve, Nigeria|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/202565|journal=Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management|volume=24|issue=11|pages=1909–1915|doi=10.4314/jasem.v24i11.10}}</ref>N'ihi nke a, ọ kpatara oke mgbukpọ ọhịa. Karịsịa, mmadụ ole na ole nọ n'ime ime obodo maara banyere mmemme ahụ na-ebelata ikuku si na mgbukpọ ọhịa na mmebi ọhịa. <ref name=":1" />Ndị ọkà mmụta ndị ọzọ na-amụ banyere akụkụ dị iche iche na oke nke mgbukpọ ọhịa na ogige ọhịa a gụnyere; Adetula onye mere atụmatụ na e kpochapụrụ 11.73% (8.2 km2) nke ebe ahụ maka ọrụ ugbo koko na ihe ọkụkụ nri ndị ọzọ; Fuwape et al. dere Gmelina arborea kpuchiri (721.40 m3) na Nauclea [[diderrichii]] spp. <ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.15666/aeer/1103_491511|title=Logging Impacts in Tropical Lowland Humid Forest on Tree Species Diversity and Environmental Conservation|date=2013|author=Adekunle|first=V.A.J.|journal=Applied Ecology and Environmental Research|volume=11|issue=3|pages=491–511}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/s0961-9534(01)00036-8|title=Biomass equations and estimation for Gmelina arborea and Nauclea diderrichii stands in Akure forest reserve|date=2001|author=Fuwape|first=J.A|journal=Biomass and Bioenergy|volume=21|issue=6|pages=401–405}}</ref> (265.18 m3), n'otu n'otu; Oke rụrụ ọrụ na ezinụlọ Sterculiaceae gụnyere ụdị ndị a gụrụ maka 53% nke ngụkọta osisi na Akure ọhịa. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Oke|first=DO|title=Effects of Short Rotation Natural Fallow on Diversity of Plant Species and Population of Soil Microbes in Aponmu, Ondo State, Nigeria|journal=Journal of Tropical Forest Science|date=2012|volume=24|issue=1|pages=18–26}}</ref>Nnyocha Owusu (2018), na-enyefe na mwepụ nke ahịhịa n'obodo ahụ na-ebuli nsogbu obibi n'ihe gbasara ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi, ịrị elu okpomọkụ, na ogo ikuku. <ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.2478/jengeo-2018-0005|title=An Assessment of Urban Vegetation Abundance in Accra Metropolitan Area, Ghana: A Geospatial Approach|date=2018|author=Owusu|first=Alex Barimah|journal=Journal of Environmental Geography|volume=11|issue=1–2|pages=37–44}}</ref>N'ihi ya, ọ dụrụ ndị na-eme iwu ọdụ ka ha dozie nsogbu atọ dị mkpa nke ike, nkwado, na ibi. N'akụkụ ndịda nke ihe osise ahụ. Ọ bụ ndị Aponmu na ndị Owena na-asụ Yoruba nwe ọhịa ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na obere obodo gbara ya gburugburu. Ndị a gụnyere Elemo Igbara Oke Camp, Ipogun, [[Kajola]]" id="mwXg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kajola">Kajola" id="mwXA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kajola">Kajola/Aponmu, Kajola, Ago Petesi, Akika Camp, Owena Town, Ibutitan/Ilaro Camp, na Kajola/ Aponmu. == Mkpa akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke Akure Forest Reserve == Mkpa akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke Akure Forest Reserve n'ihe gbasara ngwaahịa ọhịa ndị na-abụghị osisi, njem nleta na ntụrụndụ, yana ọdịbendị na okpukpe ya: # '''Ahịa ndị na-abụghị osisi (NTFPs):''' * Ụdị ahịa: Ogige ọhịa ahụ bara ọgaranya na ahịa osisi na-abụghị osisi, Na mgbakwunye na osisi, mpaghara ahụ gụnyere ọtụtụ ihe bara uru. Ndị ahụ bụ ahịhịa na-agwọ ọrịa, mkpụrụ osisi, ahịhịhịa, mushrooms, mmanụ aṅụ, na ahịhịrị na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ dị iche iche nwere ike ịghọrọ maka nri, ọgwụ, na ebumnuche ndị ọzọ.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> * Inye ihe oriri: NTFPs na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa ma ọ bụ ihe oriri nke ndị otu mpaghara. Ndị bi n'ime na gburugburu ọhịa na-adabere na isi ihe ndị a maka ihe oriri, mmepụta ego, na ọgwụ ọdịnala.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> * Ohere azụmahịa: ụfọdụ ngwaahịa mpaghara na-abụghị osisi nwere ego azụmahịa ma na-ere ahịa na agbata obi, mba, na ọbụna ahịa ụwa. Nke a nwere nsogbu na usoro ego mpaghara. '''2. Njem na mmega ahụ:''' * Biodiversity na Ecotourism: Akure Forest Reserve's rich biodiversity na ọnụnọ nke ụdị anụmanụ pụrụ iche na nke dị iche iche na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ikpo okwu pụrụ iche maka ecotourism, nke gụnyere ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi okike na ndị nchọpụta, nwere mmasị na ebe nchekwa ahụ ile anya, lee anya, ma nwee mmasị n'ọtụtụ gburugburu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Olaniyi|first=Oluwatobi Emmanuel|date=2018-07-09|title=Ecotourism suitability of Okomu and Pendjari National Parks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2018.1486329|journal=Anatolia|volume=29|issue=4|pages=593–604|doi=10.1080/13032917.2018.1486329|issn=1303-2917}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Oladeji|first=Sunday Oladipo|date=2021-06-17|title=Evaluation of sustainable ecotourism practices in Oke-Idanre Hills, Ondo-State, Nigeria|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01550-6|journal=Environment, Development and Sustainability|volume=24|issue=2|pages=2656–2684|doi=10.1007/s10668-021-01550-6|issn=1387-585X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sonubi|first=O. K.|date=2014-07-18|title=Using Cultural Resources in Host Communities and the Environs to Enhance the Natural Resources Attractiveness of Ecotourism Development in Omo Biosphere Reserve (OBR), Nigeria|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.12735/jotr.v1i1p51|journal=Journal of Tourism and Recreation|volume=1|issue=1|pages=51–58|doi=10.12735/jotr.v1i1p51|issn=2368-2655}}</ref> * Egwuregwu ntụrụndụ: Oké ọhịa ahụ na-enye ohere maka egwuregwu ntụrụndaka dị ka ịga ije, ikiri nnụnụ, ime mkpapụ, na ịma ụlọikwuu. Egwuregwu ndị a ugbu a anaghị enye ndị ọbịa ebe ntụrụndụ kamakwa na-enye aka na akụ na ụba mpaghara site na ọrụ nduzi na ụlọ obibi.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> '''3. Mkpa ọdịbendị na nke na-abụghị nke ụwa:''' * Omenala na Omenala: Akure Forest Reserve nwere ihe dị mkpa maka ọdịbendị maka ndị agbata obi. enwere ike ijikọta ya na nkwenkwe, ememe, ma ọ bụ omume ndị a na-etinye n'ụzọ miri emi na ihe nketa ọdịbendị nke ụmụ mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wills|first=Brian|date=1975|title=''Environment in Africa: environment and regional planning research bulletin'', Vol. 1, no. 1, December 1974. Published quarterly in English and French by the Environment Trailing Programme of the UN African Institute for Economic Planning and Development (IDEP), PO Box 3370, Dakar, Senegal, in association with the Environmental Review Programme, International African Institute, 210 High Holborn, London WCIV 7BW|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00001473|journal=African Research & Documentation|volume=8|pages=54–55|doi=10.1017/s0305862x00001473|issn=0305-862X}}</ref> * Ihe na-abụghị nke ụwa: ụfọdụ ebe dị n'ime ebe osisi nwere ike ịnwe ihe pụrụ iche okpukpe ma ọ bụ okpukpe maka ndị dị mma. Osisi ndị dị nsọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, abụghị ikike a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ọtụtụ ọhịa ma na-akwanyere ùgwù dị ka ebe nsọ nke ofufe ma ọ bụ dị ka ụtụ ime mmụọ maka ịdị ebube nke okike.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Johnson|first=Samuel|editor=Johnson|date=2010-09-30|title=The History of the Yorubas|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511702617|doi=10.1017/cbo9780511702617|isbn=9780511702617}}</ref> * Mkpa akụkọ ihe mere eme: Oké ọhịa ahụ nwekwara ike ịnwe njikọ akụkọ ihe mere mere eme na obodo ahụ, na-eje ozi dị ka ebe ihe omume oge ochie, ebe obibi, ma ọ bụ omume oge ochie. Njikọ ndị a nwere ike ịbụ ihe dị ịrịba ama na njirimara ọdịbendị nke ndị agbata obi.<ref name="Akinnagbe 193–200">{{Cite journal|author=Akinnagbe|first=Akindele|date=September 2010|title=Genetic diversity of Mansonia altissima A. Chev. under different regimes of human impact in the Akure Forest Reserve, Nigeria|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11632-010-0407-5|journal=Forestry Studies in China|volume=12|issue=4|pages=193–200|doi=10.1007/s11632-010-0407-5|issn=1008-1321}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Gbiri|first=Isaac Adelakun|date=2019-06-17|title=Analysis of Forest Vegetal Characteristics of Akure Forest Reserve from Optical Imageries and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.6.1340|journal=European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research|volume=4|issue=6|pages=57–61|doi=10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.6.1340|issn=2736-576X}}</ref> == Ihe ịma aka na egwu na Akure Forest Reserve == Ogige Ọhịa Akure, dị ka ọtụtụ ebe okike n'ụwa niile, na-eche ọnọdụ dị iche iche na-achọ ihe egwu na-eme ka iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe ya na uru ọ na-enye obodo dị iche iche. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=A. Adebayo|first=Williams|date=2021|title=Man, Media and Nature in Nigeria: A Critical Collaboration|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.47362/ejsss.2021.2115|journal=Electronic Journal of Social and Strategic Studies|volume=02|issue=1|doi=10.47362/ejsss.2021.2115}}</ref>Ogige ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke ụdị dịgasị iche iche nke osisi na anụmanụ, gụnyere ọtụtụ ụdị dị n'ihe ize ndụ. Otú ọ dị, ebe nchekwa ahụ na-eche ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka na egwu ihu, gụnyere mmeri na mgbukpọ ọhịa, ịchụ nta na igbu osisi n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, na mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe. <ref name="Imarhiagbe 2022 547–572">{{Citation |last1=Imarhiagbe |first1=O. |date=2022 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3326-4_21 |pages=547–572 |access-date=2023-10-06 |place=Singapore |publisher=Springer Nature Singapore |isbn=978-981-19-3325-7 |last2=Onyeukwu |first2=I. I. |last3=Egboduku |first3=W. O. |last4=Mukah |first4=F. E. |last5=Ogwu |first5=M. C.|title=Biodiversity in Africa: Potentials, Threats and Conservation |chapter=Forest Conservation Strategies in Africa: Historical Perspective, Status and Sustainable Avenues for Progress |series=Sustainable Development and Biodiversity |volume=29 |doi=10.1007/978-981-19-3326-4_21 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jimoh|first=S. O.|date=2013-01-11|title=Population distribution and threats to sustainable management of selected non-timber forest products in tropical lowland rainforests of south western Nigeria|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-013-0327-z|journal=Journal of Forestry Research|volume=24|issue=1|pages=75–82|doi=10.1007/s11676-013-0327-z|issn=1007-662X}}</ref> # Nhazi Nchekwa Nchịkọta: #* Biodiversity Assessment: Na-eme nyocha zuru oke nke biodiversity iji ghọta osisi na anụmanụ dị na nchekwa ahụ. Ozi a nwere ike iduzi mbọ nchekwa ma nyere aka mata ụdị dị mkpa na ebe obibi chọrọ nchebe. #* Ecosystem-Based Management: Na-anabata usoro dabeere na gburugburu ebe obibi nke na-atụle njikọ nke ụdị dị iche iche na ebe obibi dị iche iche n'ime ọhịa. Usoro a na-eme ka o doo anya na mkpebi nchịkwa zuru oke ma na-eburu n'uche ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi. # Mmekọrịta na Inwe Ike Obodo: #* Mmetụta nke ndị na-etinye aka: Mmetụta obodo, ìgwè ụmụ amaala, na ndị ọzọ na-etinye uche na usoro mkpebi. Ihe ọmụma ọdịnala na nka ha nwere ike ịbụ ihe bara uru n'ịmepụta usoro nchịkwa na-adịgide adịgide. #* Capacity Building: Nye ọzụzụ na ohere iwulite ikike maka obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ maka ojiji na-adịgide adịgide, ụzọ ndụ ndị ọzọ, na omume nchekwa. Nke a na-eme ka ha bụrụ ndị na-ekere òkè na mbọ nchekwa. # Mmetụta na Nchịkwa: #* Mmetụta iwu: Mee ka usoro mmanye iwu sie ike iji lụso ọrụ iwu na-akwadoghị ọgụ dịka ịchụ nta, igbu osisi n'ụzọ iwu na-ekwadoghị, na mmegide. Nke a nwere ike ịgụnye itinye ndị ọrụ a zụrụ azụ, itinye teknụzụ nlekota, na ịmepụta usoro akụkọ dị irè. #* Iwu na Nchịkwa: Mepụta ma mee ka iwu doro anya na ụkpụrụ maka iji ala eme ihe, nchọpụta ihe onwunwe, na ọrụ nchekwa n'ime ebe nchekwa ahụ. Atụmatụ ndị a kwesịrị ịdabere na ihe akaebe sayensị ziri ezi na ntinye nke ndị metụtara. # Nnyocha na Nlekọta: #* Long-Term Monitoring Programs: Gbaa usoro nlekota siri ike iji soro mgbanwe na ụdị dị iche iche, ahụike ebe obibi, na ihe ngosi gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ọzọ. Ihe ọmụma a dị oke mkpa maka ịtụle ịdị irè nke usoro nchekwa na ime mgbanwe usoro nchịkwa dị ka ọ dị mkpa. #* Nnyocha: Na-agba ume nyocha n'ime ebe nchekwa iji kwalite nghọta sayensị banyere usoro okike ya, ụdị, na usoro okike. Nke a nwere ike ịkọwa mkpebi nchịkwa dabere na ihe akaebe. # Ojiji na-adịgide adịgide: #* Non-Timber Forest Product Management: Na-etinye usoro owuwe ihe ubi na-adịgide adịgide maka ngwaahịa ọhịa na-abụghị osisi. Nke a na-agụnye ịtọpụta oke, ịchịkwa usoro owuwe ihe ubi, na ịkwalite ọrụ mgbakwunye uru nke na-eme ka uru akụ na ụba dịkwuo mma n'emeghị ka usoro okike ghara ịdị. #* Ntuziaka owuwe ihe ubi osisi: Ọ bụrụ na enyere ikike owuwe ihe ọkụkụ, guzobe ntuziaka maka omume owuwe ihe nkedo na-adịgide adịgide. Nke a na-agụnye igbu osisi, mgbalị ime ka osisi dịghachi mma, na iji usoro nchịkwa kachasị mma iji belata mmetụta ọjọọ. '''Mkpa nke ichebe ebe nchekwa:''' # Nchekwa Biodiversity: #* Ogige Ọhịa Akure nwere ike ịbụ ebe obibi nke ụdị osisi na anụmanụ dị iche iche, ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere ike ịdị ụkọ ma ọ bụ na-adịkarị. Ichebe ebe nchekwa ahụ na-eme ka ụdị ndị a dị ndụ ma na-echekwa nguzozi gburugburu ebe obibi. # Ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi: #* Oké ọhịa ahụ na-enye ọrụ dị mkpa dị ka carbon sequestration, nchịkwa mmiri, na nchekwa ala. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Uwalaka|first=Nelson O.|date=2018|title=Species diversity and successional dynamics in the secondary forest of Obafemi Awolowo University Biological Gardens Ile-Ife, Nigeria|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2018.002|journal=Nature Conservation Research|volume=3|issue=1|doi=10.24189/ncr.2018.002|issn=2500-008X}}</ref>Ọrụ ndị a nwere uru dị ukwuu maka obodo na gburugburu ebe obibi sara mbara. # Mkpa ọdịbendị na nke ime mmụọ: #* Ọtụtụ ọhịa, gụnyere Akure, nwere ọdịbendị na ime mmụọ dị mkpa maka obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ. Ha na-eje ozi dị ka ebe maka omume ọdịnala, ememe, ma na-enye mmetụta nke njirimara na njikọ na okike. # Ntụrụndụ na Njem: #* Ebe nchekwa a na-elekọta nke ọma nwere ike ịdọta ndị njem nleta na ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi okike, na-eweta ego akụ na ụba maka obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ.   Tụkwasị na nke a, ihe ntụrụndụ n'ime ọhịa nwere ike imeziwanye ọdịmma na ogo ndụ maka ndị bi nso.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> # Mgbanwe ihu igwe: #* Oké ọhịa na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ibelata mgbanwe ihu igwe site na ịmịkọrọ na ichekwa carbon dioxide. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Agbelade|first=Aladesanmi Daniel|date=2021-07-05|title=Assessing the conservation status, biodiversity potentials and economic contribution of urban tree Ecosystems in Nigerian Cities|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-021-01137-z|journal=Urban Ecosystems|volume=25|issue=1|pages=165–178|doi=10.1007/s11252-021-01137-z|issn=1083-8155}}</ref>Ichebe Akure Forest Reserve na-enye aka na mbọ zuru ụwa ọnụ iji lụso mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ. N'ikpeazụ, ọdịnihu nke Akure Forest Reserve dị na usoro nchịkwa na-adịgide adịgide nke na-eme ka nchekwa na mkpa nke obodo ndị agbata obi. Ichebe ebe nchekwa ahụ dị oke mkpa maka ijigide ụdị dị iche iche, inye ọrụ ikuku dị mkpa, ịkwanyere ihe nketa ọdịbendị ùgwù, ịkwado akụ na ụba mpaghara, na ibelata mmetụta azụmahịa ihu igwe. <ref>{{Cite book|date=2012-05-04|editor=Ninan|title=Conserving and Valuing Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781849770859|doi=10.4324/9781849770859|isbn=9781136569111}}</ref>Nke a na-eme ka o doo anya na ọhịa ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto ma na-abara ọgbọ dị ugbu a na ndị na-abịa n'ọdịnihu uru. == Ihe odide == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> {{Protected areas of Nigeria}} [[Òtù:Ȯra Ondo]] [[Òtù:Wiki activate SDG]] c02c57jliihnky8qcben20ngeu33wu4 0 32631 628561 133090 2026-04-01T15:48:22Z Geraldine Kene 23189 Fixed reference error 628561 wikitext text/x-wiki   Alphabet Zoo bụ usoro mmemme nkeji iri maka ụmụaka, nke Granada Television mepụtara ma gbasaa na ITV maka usoro abụọ na 1983 na 1984. Ọ bụ onye na-agụ egwu Ralph McTell na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Nerys Hughes gosipụtara ya. A raara ihe omume ọ bụla nye mkpụrụedemede nke mkpụrụedemede. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == N'ịbụ nke e kewara n'ime ihe omume iri na isii, Alphabet Zoo gosipụtara ihe omume mbụ ya na Jenụwarị 10, 1983. Ralph McTell dere abụ iri abụọ na isii, otu maka mkpụrụedemede ọ bụla. <ref name="Stage1982-07-22">{{Cite news|date=1982-07-22|title=Broader output for a greater range of ages: Written 26 songs|work=[[The Stage and Television Today]]|page=19|id={{ProQuest|962622929}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref>Stephen Leahy mepụtara usoro ahụ, Frank Hayes duziri ya, Valerie Pye sere ya. <ref name="Bhegani1982-12-06" />Ọ bụ mmadụ asaa dere Alphabet Zoo, nke naanị abụọ n'ime ha - Diane Wilmer na Linda Thornber - nwere ahụmịhe na telivishọn. Ndị edemede ise ndị ọzọ bụ Anne Yates, Jeffrey Flynn, Nicholas Symons, Amanda Webb, na Chris Galer. <ref name="Stage1982-07-22" />Paul Danson chepụtara usoro ihe omume ahụ, nke e mere na ụlọ ọrụ Granada Television, nke The Stage and Television Today kwuru na ọ bụ "usoro buru ibu karịa ka ọ dị maka mmemme ụmụaka". <ref name="Bhegani1982-12-06" /><ref name="Stage1982-07-22" />Ntọala ahụ, nke Belkis Bhegani nke Broadcast kpọrọ "dị oke ọnụ" ' dị oke ọnụ", gosipụtara Duster the Dog, nkịta ugwu Bernese, yana isi iyi na ọdọ mmiri..<ref name="Bhegani1982-12-06">{{cite magazine |last=Bhegani |first=Belkis |date=1982-12-06 |title=Only in front of the children |magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]] |issue=1187 |page=18 |id={{ProQuest|1777210587}} }}</ref> Usoro nke abụọ gosipụtara izu iri abụọ na asaa. <ref name="Agar1983-09-17">{{Cite news|author=Agar|first=Dan|date=1983-09-17|title=The dads tune in to Nerys|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/manchester-evening-news/131169489/|work=[[Manchester Evening News]]|accessdate=2023-09-03}}</ref>Ọ bụ Lorne Magory duziri ya (onye rụkwara ọrụ n'ọtụtụ mmemme Britain a ma ama dị ka Press Gang, Life Force na ''Emmerdale''). E bipụtara akwụkwọ mkpuchi siri ike nke usoro ahụ nke gosipụtara Egwuregwu gbasaa nke nwere abụ anọ na Machị 1983. E bipụtara akwụkwọ ọzọ, The Complete Alphabet Zoo, na 1994 ma gosipụta egwu McTell dere maka usoro ahụ gụnyere "Fergus the Frog", "Ollie the Otter", na "Yuri the Yak". Lahri Bond nke ''Baltimore'' kwuru na "e nwere ụfọdụ ntụgharị dị mma nke ahịrịokwu ma m na-ekwe nkwa na ọ ga-abụ gị ga-agwa ụmụ gị ka ha gee ntị na ndekọ a jupụtara na ntụrụndụ ọzọ, ozugbo emere ya". Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri mgbe Alphabet Zoo bịara na njedebe, ITV Carlton weghachiri usoro ahụ na usoro aha yiri ya bụ ''[[Alphabet Castle]]'' nke malitere na Septemba 1993 ruo Disemba 1995. A na-agbasa usoro ahụ na telivishọn n'ọtụtụ mba n'ụwa niile dịka TVNZ 1 (nke a na-akpọ TV One na mbụ) na TVNZ 2 (nke a kpọrọ Network 2) na New Zealand, RTB na Brunei, GBC na Gibraltar, TV1 na TV2 na Malaysia na BFBS na SSVC Television na Germany. == Nnakwere == Stephanie Lucas katọrọ usoro ahụ na The Times Educational Supplement, na-ede, "Alphabet Zoo bụ echiche dị mma: were mkpụrụedemede ọ bụla nke mkpụrụedemede ma mee usoro mmemme banyere ụmụ anụmanụ ndị aha ha na-amalite na mkpụrụedemede dị iche iche. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-aghọ ihe mara mma, nke ọma ma na-eche echiche, mana enweghị mkpali. " == Ntuziaka == * Usoro 1: mbipụta 26, 10 Jenụwarị 1983 - 25 Julaị 1983 * Usoro 2: mbipụta 27, 19 Septemba 1983 - 2 Eprel 1984 (Gụnyere otu Krismas pụrụ iche) == Ihe odide == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> lm3g5j1pcb7t5ktu0g69qxeexu3gnin 0 33027 628607 133941 2026-04-01T21:47:46Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628607 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Prọfesọ a ma ama''' bụ utu [[Academic tenure|oge]]_academic_ranks" id="mwBg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="List of academic ranks">aha agụmakwụkwọ e nyere ụfọdụ ndị prọfesọ nọ n'ọkwa na mahadum, ụlọ akwụkwọ, ma ọ bụ ngalaba. Ụfọdụ ndị prọfesọ <ref name=":0" /> ma ama nwere ike inye oche. == Na United States ==   <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The Hierarchy of Professors, Explained|url=https://thebestschools.org/magazine/professors-ranks/|work=TheBestSchools.org|date=23 August 2018|accessdate=24 January 2022|archivedate=25 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525162624/https://thebestschools.org/magazine/professors-ranks/}}</ref> mgbe kpọmkwem maka otu ụlọ ọrụ, utu aha ndị dị ka "prọfesọ onye isi ala", "prọfọfesọ mahadum", "prófesọ nyocha a ma ama", "pròfesọ nkuzi a ma ama"", "prọfe mahadum a ma ama ama", ma ọ bụ "prọzọ regents" na-enye obere pasent nke ngalaba kachasị elu ndị a na-ewere dị ka ihe dị mkpa karịsịa na ngalaba nyocha ha. Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enye ndị ọzọ M.I.T., utu aha dịka "Institute Professor", "Sterling Professor" nke [[Yale University|Mahadum Yale]], ma ọ bụ "James B. Duke Professor" nke Jami'ar Duke. Ụfọdụ òtù agụmakwụkwọ na / ma ọ bụ ndị ọkà mmụta nwekwara ike inye utu aha "prọfesọ a ma ama" iji kwado ihe ha rụzuru n'oge ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://acsa-arch.org/programs-events/awards/archives/DP|title=ACSA Distinguished Professor Awards|work=acsa-arch.org|accessdate=2022-01-24|archivedate=2019-09-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909202848/http://www.acsa-arch.org/programs-events/awards/archives/DP}}</ref> ọmụmaatụ, Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture na-amata ihe ruru ndị otu ngalaba ise na ụlọ akwụkwọ ihe owuwu na United States na Canada na ACSA Distinguished Professor Award. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} l8srga4yt0svxts0a0g8umtn9ccf3o3 0 33612 628591 208129 2026-04-01T20:59:52Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628591 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Hague Nye''' FRS (16 Septemba 1921 - 13 Febụwarị 2009) bụ onye sayensị ala nke Britain. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Peter Nye na 16 Septemba 1921 na Hove, Sussex <ref name="RSobit"> {{Cite journal|author=Greenland|first=D.J.|title=Peter Hague Nye (16 September 1921 — 13 February 2009)|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=57|pages=315–326|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2010.0017}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGreenlandTinkerKirk">[[Dennis Greenland|Greenland, D.J.]]; Tinker, P.B.; Kirk, G.J.D. "Peter Hague Nye (16 September 1921 — 13 February 2009)". ''Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society''. '''57''': 315–326. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1098/rsbm.2010.0017|10.1098/rsbm.2010.0017]].</cite> </ref> ebe nna ya, Haydn Percival Nye, bụ onye na-enyocha ala. <ref name="RSobit" />John Nye, onye na-amụ banyere ice, bụ nwanne ya nwoke nke obere. Nne ha, Jessie Hague, bụ nwa nwanyị nke Anderson Hague, onye na-ese ihe n'ala, <ref name="RSobit" /> ya mere Esmé Kirby, onye na'ihe gbasara nchekwa Snowdonia, bụ nwa nwanne nne. Nye gụrụ akwụkwọ <ref>"Nye, Peter Hague, (16 Sept. 1921–13 Feb. 2009), Reader in Soil Science, University of Oxford, 1961–88; Fellow of St Cross College, Oxford, 1966–88 (Senior Fellow, 1982–83), then Emeritus Fellow." WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO. 1 Apr. 2018</ref> Charterhouse School, Balliol College, Oxford na Christ's College, Cambridge. == Ọrụ == Mgbe agha <ref name="RSobit" /> -arụ ọrụ na-egbu oge, Nye sonyeere British Colonial Service, na 1947 e zigara ya Gold Coast (nke bụ [[Ghana]] ugbu a) dị ka onye ọrụ ugbo. Ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi na sayensị ala na Mahadum College nke Ibadan, Naijiria site na 1950 ruo 1952, wee bụrụ onye nkuzi dị elu na sayensụ ala na Machị nke Ghana site na 1952 ruo 1960. Ọrụ Nye <ref name="ColKnow"> {{Cite book|author=Hodge|first=Joseph|chapter=The Hybridity of Colonial Knowledge: British Tropical Agricultural Science and African Farming Practices at the End of Empire|title=Science and Empire: Knowledge and Networks of Science across the British Empire, 1800–1970|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|date=2011|location=London|pages=209-231|doi=10.1057/9780230320826_10}} </ref> Dennis Greenland na West Africa na 1950s na ala n'okpuru ọrụ ugbo na-agbanwe agbanwe na-ama iwu ugbo aka ma ghọọ ihe a ma ama. Mgbe otu afọ gachara na International Atomic Energy Agency na Vienna, <ref name="IUSS" /> Nye bụ onye a họpụtara ka ọ bụrụ onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na Soil Science na Mahadum Oxford site na 1961 ruo 1988, na-aghọ onye guzobere St Cross College, Oxford. <ref name="RSobit" /> N'Oxford, Nye bụ onye mbụ na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ nke mmekọrịta kemịkal dị mgbagwoju anya n'etiti mgbọrọgwụ osisi na solutes na ala gbara ya gburugburu. <ref name="IUSS" /> a rụpụtara, ya na P.B. Tinker, Solute movement in the soil-root system (1977, 2nd edn. 2000) ka a na-ekwu na ọ bụ "otu n'ime akwụkwọ kachasị emetụta na sayensị osisi na ala niile". == Ndụ onwe onye == Alụmdi na nwunye mbụ Nye, na Dorothy Aron na 1948, kwụsịrị ịgba alụkwaghịm mgbe afọ anọ gasịrị. N'afọ 1953, ọ lụrụ Phyllis Quenault, onye ya na ya mụrụ ụmụ atọ. <ref name="RSobit" /> nwụrụ na 13 Febụwarị 2009, nwunye ya, ụmụ abụọ na ụmụ ụmụ isii hapụrụ ya. Nye <ref name="RSobit"> {{Cite journal|author=Greenland|first=D.J.|title=Peter Hague Nye (16 September 1921 — 13 February 2009)|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=57|pages=315–326|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2010.0017}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGreenlandTinkerKirk">[[Dennis Greenland|Greenland, D.J.]]; Tinker, P.B.; Kirk, G.J.D. "Peter Hague Nye (16 September 1921 — 13 February 2009)". ''Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society''. '''57''': 315–326. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1098/rsbm.2010.0017|10.1098/rsbm.2010.0017]].</cite> </ref> onye na-eme egwuregwu nke ọma, na-egwu tenis na squash maka mahadum ya, na cricket maka kọleji ya, mgbe ọ na-agụsị akwụkwọ. <ref name="IUSS" /> 'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka, ọ gbara bọọlụ cricket maka ndị otu mba Naịjirịa na Gold Coast. Mgb<ref name="RSobit" /> e mesịrị, na Oxford, ọ malitere ịgba ụgbọ mmiri na ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè. == Onyinye na mmata == Nye bụ onye isi oche nke British Society of Soil Science (1968-69), na onye otu Council of the International Society of Sois Science (1968-74). <ref name="IUSS"> {{Cite web|author=Kirk|first=Guy|title=in memoriam - Peter Nye (1921 - 2009)|url=https://www.iuss.org/about-the-iuss/iuss-history/obituaries-to-great-soil-scientists/ph-nye-1921-2009/|date=15 February 2015|work=International Union of Soil Sciences: obituaries to great soil scientists|publisher=[[International Union of Soil Sciences]]|accessdate=2 August 2023}} </ref> . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Peter Nye FRS|url=http://soils.org.uk/prof-peter-nye-frs|work=British Society of Soil Science|accessdate=1 April 2018}}</ref> họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Fellow nke Royal Society na 1987. [1] <ref>{{Cite web|title=University and Messenger Lectures (1960-Present)|url=http://archive.theuniversityfaculty.cornell.edu/lectures/historic.html|work=[[Cornell University]]|accessdate=1 April 2018}}</ref> bụ Prọfesọ Nleta na Mahadum Cornell na 1974, 1981, na 1989 mgbe ọ bụ Onye Ozi. <ref name="IUSS" /> [2] == Akwụkwọ == * P.H. Nye na D.J. Greenland (1960) Ala a na-akọ ugbo. Farnham Royal: Ụlọ Ọrụ Ọrụ Ọrụ Ugbo nke Commonwealth * P.H. Nye na P.B. Tinker (1977) Njem siri ike na usoro mgbọrọgwụ ala. Oxford: Blackwell. * P.B. Tinker na P.H. Nye (2000) Njem siri ike na rhizosphere. New York: Oxford University Press. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} iokfs4mk6q539hdz5o4tpsevni1m6uz 0 34773 628581 176650 2026-04-01T20:22:33Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628581 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coeligena bonapartei consita (15635161965).jpg|thumb|Perija starfrontlet]] {{Speciesbox}} '''Perija starfrontlet''' ('''''Coeligena consita''''') bụ ụdị hummingbird nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na "ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi", agbụrụ Heliantheini na subfamily Lesbiinae. A na-ahụ ya na [[Colombia]] na [[Venezuela]].<ref name="IOC13.1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/hummingbirds/|title=Hummingbirds|work=IOC World Bird List|date=January 2023|accessdate=January 30, 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGillDonskerRasmussen2023">Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. </cite></ref><ref name="HBW7">HBW and BirdLife International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. </ref><ref name="IUCN"><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFBirdLife_International2020"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="177">BirdLife International (2020). </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="178">[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/61173094/180037357 "Perija Starfrontlet ''Coeligena consita''"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="179">''[[IUCN Red List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="181">'''2020''': e.T61173094A180037357. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="182">[[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T61173094A180037357.en|10.2305/IUCN.]]</span></span><span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T61173094A180037357.en|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="184">UK.2020-3.</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="185">RLTS.</span>]]</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="186"><span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T61173094A180037357.en|T61173094A180037357.en]]</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="187"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</span></cite></ref> == Nchịkọta na usoro == Perija starfrontlet <ref name="SACClist">Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. </ref> ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ so n'ụdị ''Coeligena'' ka etinyela n'otu oge na ụdị ''Helianthea'' mana ha anọwo na ọnọdụ ha ugbu a kemgbe etiti afọ 1900. Kọmitii Ornithological International (IOC), Clements taxonomy, na BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World kwenyere na Perija starfrontlet dị ka ụdị monotypic.<ref name="IOC13.1" /> <ref name="Clements2022">Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. </ref><ref name="HBW7">HBW and BirdLife International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. </ref> <ref name="SACClist" /> Nchịkọta South America nke American Ornithological Society (SACC) na-ewere ya dị ka ụdị nke kpakpando ihu ọla edo (''C. bonapartei'') mana ọ na-achọ aro iji bulie ya ka ọ bụrụ ụdị. == Nkọwa == Perija starfrontlet dị dị ka 11 in) n'ogologo gụnyere 3.0 in) ọnụ ya. Ụmụ nwoke toro eto nwere okpueze ojii, ihu na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na obere ntụpọ ọcha n'azụ anya. N'elu azụ ha na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-egbuke egbuke nke na-agafe site na ọla kọpa na-acha odo odo. Olu na ara na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-egbuke egbuke na akpịrị nwere obere ntụpọ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Akụkụ ndị ọzọ dị n'okpuru na-agbanwe agbanwe, site na ọla kọpa na-egbuke egbuke ruo ọla edo na-acha ọbara ọbara. nku ya gbara ọchịchịrị na ntụpọ na-acha ọbara ọbara na tertials. Ọdụ ya nke nwere obere oghere bụ ọla nchara na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Ihu nwanyị toro eto bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ntụpọ post-cular na-acha ọcha na oroma na-acha odo odo; akụkụ ndị ọzọ dị n'elu na-acha ka nke nwoke mana ha na-adịghị mma. Olu ya buru ibu ma nwee ntụpọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ n'akụkụ ya. Obi ya bụ ihe na-acha odo odo na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Akụkụ ndị ọzọ dị n'okpuru bụ sinamọn nwere afọ ọla edo na-ere ọkụ na ebe ọla edo na. <ref name="PEST-BOW">Palacios, C. (2022). </ref> yiri ụmụ nwanyị toro eto. == Ebe a na-ekesa ya == A na-ahụ Perija starfrontlet na Serranía del Perijá nke dị n'ókè dị n'etiti ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Colombia na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Venezuela. Ọ na-ebi n'ime na nsọtụ oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo, oké Ọhịa elfin, na ụfọdụ ebe dị elu. N'ịdị elu ọ dị site na 1,400 ruo 3,200 .<ref name="IOC13.1" />{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow <ref name="PEST-BOW">Palacios, C. (2022). </ref> == Omume == === Ịgagharị === Perija starfrontlet <ref name="PEST-BOW">Palacios, C. (2022). </ref> onye bi na ya. === Nri === Perija starfrontlet na-achịkọta ihe na-atọ ụtọ site na okooko osisi tubular, nke na-adịkarị ala ruo n'etiti. E dekọrọ ya na-eri nri site na osisi nke ụdị ''Bomarea'', ''Cavendishia'', ''Fuchsia'', ''Macleonia'', Mutisia, na ''Palicourea''. <ref name="PEST-BOW">Palacios, C. (2022). </ref> mgbakwunye na iri nri na-atọ ụtọ, ọ na-ejide obere [[Arthropod|arthropods]] site na ịnakọta akwụkwọ osisi, na-efe efe, na site na hawking. === Ịzụlite === <ref name="PEST-BOW">Palacios, C. (2022). </ref> dịghị ihe a maara banyere ọmụmụ ọmụmụ nke Perija starfrontlet. === Nkwupụta === Ka ọ na-erule mmalite afọ 2023, ma ọ bụghị Xeno-canto ma ọ bụ Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Macaulay Library nwere ihe ndekọ ọ bụla nke ụda olu nke Perija starfrontlet. == Ọnọdụ == [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] enyochaala Perija starfrontlet dị ka ihe nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. A na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ya dị n'etiti 250 na 1000 ndị tozuru etozu ma na-ebelata. Ebe obibi <ref name="IUCN"><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFBirdLife_International2020"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="177">BirdLife International (2020). </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="178">[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/61173094/180037357 "Perija Starfrontlet ''Coeligena consita''"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="179">''[[IUCN Red List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="181">'''2020''': e.T61173094A180037357. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="182">[[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T61173094A180037357.en|10.2305/IUCN.]]</span></span><span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T61173094A180037357.en|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="184">UK.2020-3.</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="185">RLTS.</span>]]</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="186"><span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T61173094A180037357.en|T61173094A180037357.en]]</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="187"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</span></cite></ref> emebiwo ma kewaa site na iwepụ ya maka colonization, ịkpa anụ, igwu ala, na ịkọ poppy n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} cim2w2bx8tkf0l98xj0sdmuidvpa92a 0 36789 628547 151205 2026-04-01T13:55:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628547 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Afro_asiatic_peoples_nigeria.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Ndị isi na-asụ asụsụ Chadic na Naịjirịa]] Asụsụ '''Ron''', '''Ronic''' ma ọ bụ '''Ron-Fyer''', otu '''A.4''' nke alaka West Chadic nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Afro-Asiatic, na-asụ na Plateau State, n'ebe ugwu etiti Nigeria. Asụsụ Ron enweela mmetụta ukwuu site na Tarok. == Asụsụ == Asụsụ Ron, na mmekọrịta ha, bụ:<ref name="Ron-list">Blench, Roger. [https://www.academia.edu/9598030/Comparative_Ron_wordlist Comparative Ron wordlist].</ref><ref name="Ron-paper">Blench, Roger M. 2003. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320112947/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/Chadic/West/Ron/Reconstructing%20Ron.pdf Why reconstructing comparative Ron is so problematic]. In Wolff, Ekkehard (ed.), ''Topics in Chadic linguistics: papers from the 1st biennial international colloquium on the Chadic language family'' (Leipzig, July 5–8, 2001), 21-42. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.</ref> ; Ron * [[Asụsụ Fyer|Fyer]], Tambas[[Tambas|Ụbọ akwara]] * (alaka) ** Central Ron *** Daffo-Mbar-Butura *** Bokkos *** Monguna (Shagawu) [ma eleghị anya n'ezie nso na Sha] ** [[Sha language|Sha]] ** Mangar ** Mundat-Karfa *** [[Asụsụ ndị Mundat|Mundat]] *** [[Duhwa language|Karfa]] (Duhwa) ** [[Asụsụ Kure|Kulere]] (Richa) Blench (2019) <ref name="BlenchAtlas4">{{Cite book|title=An Atlas of Nigerian Languages|author=Blench|first=Roger|publisher=Kay Williamson Educational Foundation|year=2019|edition=4th|location=Cambridge}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBlench2019">Blench, Roger (2019). ''An Atlas of Nigerian Languages'' (4th&nbsp;ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</cite></ref> na-achịkọta ndị a na (Central) Ron/Run dialect cluster: Bokkos, Mbar, Daffo-Butura, Manguna, Mangar, Sha. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ekwu na Ron bụ n'ezie njikọ dị mgbagwoju anya, Blench (2003) jụrụ abụọ n'ime njikọ ndị a tụrụ aro na Seibert (1998) [Sha na Mundat-Karfa na Mangar na Kulere/Richa]: <ref>Seibert, Uwe. 1998. ''Das Ron von Daffo (Jos-Plateau, Zentralnigeria): morphologische, syntaktische und textlinguistische Strukturen einer westtschadischen Sprache''. (Europäische Hochschulschriften: Reihe XXVII: Asiatische und Afrikanische Studien, 66.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang</ref> * ''Ebe Ugwu'': [[Asụsụ Fyer|Fyer]], Tambas[[Tambas|Ụbọ akwara]] * Ebe etiti: Bokkos, Daffo-Mbar-Butura, Monguna * ''Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ'': [[Sha language|Sha]], [[Asụsụ ndị Mundat|Mundat]], [[Duhwa language|Karfa]] * ''Ndịda'': Richa, Mangar == Aha na ebe == N'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta zuru oke nke aha asụsụ Ron, ndị mmadụ, na ebe ndị sitere na Blench (2019). <ref name="BlenchAtlas4"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 75%;" !Asụsụ !Ìgwè !Asụsụ !Asụsụ ndị ọzọ !Aha nke aka maka asụsụ !Aha ndị ọzọ (dabere na ebe) !Aha ndị ọzọ maka asụsụ !Aha ndị ọzọ !Ndị ọkà okwu !Ebe (s) |- |[[Asụsụ Fyer|Fyer]] | | |Obi dị mpako | | | | |1,500 (1970); 10,000 (Blench 1999) |Plateau State, Mangu LGA |- |[[Duhwa language|Karfa]] | |Shagau |Kerifa |Duhwa |Karfa |Duhwa |Challa |800 (SIL 1973) |Plateau State, Bokkos LGA |- |[[Asụsụ Kure|Kulere]] | |Tof, Richa, Kamwai: nke ikpeazụ gụnyere Marahai (Marhai) | |Akande (Kamwaĩ, Àkàndí (Tof), Kande (Richa) |Tof, Richa, Kamwai |Korom Ɓoye | |6,500 (1925 Meek); 4,933 (1943 Ames); 8,000 (1973 SIL) |Plateau State, Bokkos LGA |- |[[Asụsụ ndị Mundat|Mundat]] | |Mundat |Ron |Mundat |Mundat |Mundat | | |Plateau State, Bokkos LGA |- |Shagawu | | |Shagau | |Anguna, Hurti, Ahurum, Ambwash, Gbwendeng, Nzuhwe (Duhwa) |Anguna Shagau | |20,000 (SIL) |Plateau State, Bokkos LGA |- |[[Tambas|Ụbọ akwara]] | | |Okpomọkụ | | | | |3,000 (SIL) |Plateau State, Pankshin LGA |- |'''''Ìgwè na-agba ọsọ''''' |Gbalaga |Bokkos na Daffo-Mbar-Butura nwere njikọ chiri anya karịa Sha |Ron |Gbalaga | | |Challa, Cala, Chala, Challawa |13,120 (1934 Ames); 60,000 (1985 UBS) |Plateau State, Bokkos LGA |- |Gbala Bokkos |Gbalaga |Bokkos, Baron | |Ịgba ọsọ m |Bokos | |Challa, Cala | | |- |[[Daffo-Mbar-Butura language|Gbalaga Daffo-Mbar-Butura]] |Gbalaga |Daffa, Mbar, Butura |Ron |Alis M Na-agba ọsọ |Batura |Mbar-uh |Challa | | |- |Manguna |Gbalaga |Manguna, Hurti, Dambwash, Mahurum, Gwande, Karfa (Duhwa) |Ron |Shagau |Anguna, Hurti, Duhwa, Agbwendeng, Ambwash, Ahurum |Anguna Shagau |Challa |20,000 (SIL) |Plateau State, Bokkos LGA |- |Mangar |Gbalaga | | | | | | | |Plateau State, Bokkos LGA |- |[[Sha language|Sha]] |Gbalaga | | | | | | |500 (SIL); ihe dị ka 1,000 (1970 Jungraithmayr) |Plateau State, Bokkos LGA |} == Ihe owuwu ==   Ebe ọ bụ na asụsụ Ron na-emepụta njikọ dịgasị iche iche, nrụzigharị Ron adịghị mfe n'ihi enweghị nkwekọrịta ụda. <ref name="Ron-paper"/> nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị a gbazitere site n'asụsụ ndị agbata obi Niger-Congo Plateau nke Ron mụtara ma ọ bụ na-emekọrịta ihe. <ref name="Ron-list"/> Proto-Ron nke Roger Blench bụ ndị a: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Mba. !Bekee !Proto-Ron |- |1. |onye |*naaf |- |7. |enyi |**mwin |- |19. |aha |* ngụkọta |- |45. |anụ ahụ |*lo |- |46. |isi |*hay |- |49. |ọkpụkpụ |*kaʃ |- |53. |ntị |*kumu |- |54. |imi |**atin |- |57. |ọnụ |*fo |- |59. |ire |*liʃ |- |61. |ezé |*haŋgor |- |62. |molar |*ɓukum |- |64. |akpịrịkpa |*njumut |- |69. |akpịrị |*goroŋ |- |72. |ara (nwaanyị) |*fofo |- |73. |obi |* ise |- |79. |ụgbọ mmiri |**mutuk |- |83. |ogwe aka |*kukwat |- |91. |úkwù |*maka |- |107. |asọ, spittle |*lyal |- |110. |mamịrị |*sar |- |190. |M |*yin |- |238. |Agụ iyi |**haram |- |1072. |blow (ọnụ) |*fuɗ |- |1089. |oku (ọkpụkpọ òkù) |*lahyal |- |1157. |ọdịda |* ajị anụ |- |1218. |ala |**nɗoro |- |1241. |izute |*tof |- |1249. |mepere emepe |*ɓwali |- |1276. |put |*Ndị ikwu |} == Ọdịdị == <ref>Blench, Roger. 2021. ''[https://www.academia.edu/46654471/The_erosion_of_number_marking_in_West_Chadic The erosion of number marking in West Chadic Roger Blench]''. WOCAL, Leiden.</ref>''a'' na-ejikarị -a- infixes emepụta ọtụtụ aha n'asụsụ Ron. == Edensibia == anyanwụ Thailand, ma ọ bụ "Kasong" Chong, nke a na-ahazi ha abụọ dị ka "Central Chong" tinyere [[Asụsụ Samre|Samre]], yabụ ma eleghị anya a ga-ewere ha dị ka olumba Samre karịa nke Chong. N'otu aka ahụ, asụsụ ndị a na-akpọ "Chung" na{{Reflist}}Isiokwu a gụnyere ederede dị n'okpuru ikikere CC BY 3.0.  == Njikọ mpụga == {{West Chadic languages}} ewndfgta5gww4tm1f7dfej0n1v8090r 0 36827 628653 151247 2026-04-02T06:54:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  Seriously Single <ref>{{Cite news|author=Anthony|first=Christopher|title=หนัง Netflix|url=https://www.netflix-thai.org/|accessdate=21 August 2023}}</ref> ihe nkiri [[South Africa]] nke 2020 nke Katleho Ramaphakela na Rethabile Ramaphakela duziri, nke Lwazi Mvusi dere ma [[Fulu Mugovhani]], Tumi Morake na Bohang Moeko. <ref name="indiewire">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/07/seriously-single-review-netflix-south-african-rom-com-1234576633/|title='Seriously Single' Review: Netflix's South African Rom-Com Brings Fresh Energy to Genre|accessdate=July 31, 2020|work=Indie Wire|date=29 July 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/31/movies/seriously-single-review.html|title='Seriously Single' Review: Celebrating the Independent Life|work=The New York Times|first=Teo|author=Bugbee|date=July 31, 2020|accessdate=July 31, 2020}}</ref> == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ==   == Ntọhapụ == <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://myheraldmagazine.com/seriously-single-romantic-comedy-premieres-on-netflix-on-31st-july-2020/|title=Seriously Single Romantic Comedy Premieres on Netflix On 31st July, 2020|work=Myhearld Magazine|date=17 July 2020|accessdate=31 July 2020|archivedate=19 January 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119184239/http://myheraldmagazine.com/seriously-single-romantic-comedy-premieres-on-netflix-on-31st-july-2020/}}</ref> tọhapụrụ Seriously Single na July 31, 2020 na Netflix. == Edensibia == agbamakwụkwọ ya na Ayanda (Zandile Msutwana). Ọ dịghị ihe na-aga dị ka atụmatụ dị ka ndị enyi abụọ ahụ na-agafe mba ahụ, na-ezute ndị na-amaghị nke a na-akọ n'ụzọ, ka Ayanda {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb title|11010144}} * Alụghị di ma ọ bụ nwunyenaNetflix * Alụghị di ma ọ bụ nwunyenaTomato rere ure 9q9yfw2stcs48so0dzww3pk60oov0l6 0 36901 628603 151376 2026-04-01T21:43:55Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''''Proteus''''' bụ ihe nkiri ịhụnanya nke 2003 nke onye nduzi Canada bụ John Greyson. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ben-Asher|first=Noa|title=Screening Historical Sexualities: A Roundtable on Sodomy, South Africa, and Proteus (with Brassel, Garrett, Greyson, Lewis, Newton-King)|journal=GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies|date=15 December 2005|volume=11|issue=3|pages=437–455|doi=10.1215/10642684-11-3-437|language=en|url=https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/lawfaculty/589}}</ref> nkiri ahụ, nke dabeere na ihe ndekọ ụlọ ikpe nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ site na [[Cape Town]], na-enyocha mmekọrịta ịhụnanya dị n'etiti ndị mkpọrọ abụọ, otu onye ojii (Khoikhoi) na otu onye ọcha a mụrụ na Dutch, na Robben Island na South Africa na narị afọ nke 18. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara na 2003 Toronto International Film Festival, ọ nweghị ihe ngosi zuru oke ruo n'afọ 2005. == Atụmatụ == E debere ya na narị afọ nke 18 na South Africa, ihe nkiri ahụ na-eme ihe nkiri banyere eziokwu Claas Blank ([[Rouxnet Brown]]) na Rijkhaart Jacobsz (Neil Sandilands), ndị mkpọrọ abụọ nọ na Robben Island. Herder Claas Blank nọ na-eje ozi afọ iri maka "ịkparị nwa amaala Dutch" na Rijkhaart bụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri Dutch nke a mara ikpe maka ime "omume na-ekwesịghị ekwesị" na nwoke ọzọ. Ndị ikom abụọ ahụ, ndị na-emegide ibe ha na mbụ, na-emepụta mmekọrịta nzuzo, na-eji njem gaa na tankị mmiri onwe onye iji jikọta. Mmekọrịta ha nwere akụkụ agbụrụ, ebe Jacobsz bụ [[Netherlands|Onye Dutch]], ebe Blank bụ onye Khoi. Virgil Niven ([[Shawn Smyth]]), onye Scottish botanist, na-eme enyi Blank maka ihe ọmụma ya banyere osisi South Africa, gụnyere protea. A na-atụ aro na ọ nwere ike inwe mmasị mmekọahụ na Blank. N'afọ 1735, e gburu Blank na Jacobsz maka sodomy, site n'ikpu mmiri, mgbe ekworo nke ndị mkpọrọ ndị ọzọ kpatara nsogbu n'ime ụlọ mkpọrọ. Ihe nkiri ahụ okwu [[Nelson Mandela]] kwuru n'oge a na-ekpe ya ikpe n'afọ 1964, tupu a tụọ ya mkpọrọ na Robben Island. == Nnyocha == Ihe nkiri ahụ na-enyocha ajụjụ ndị a na-azaghị, dịka ihe mere ndị ọrụ ụlọ mkpọrọ ji anabata mmekọrịta ahụ ruo afọ iri zuru ezu tupu e gbuo Blank na Jacobsz. N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na mbipụta DVD, John Greyson kwuru na ezigbo Blank na Jacobsz malitere mmekọrịta ha mgbe ha abụọ nọ n'afọ iri na ụma - Blank ka a tụrụ mkpọrọ na Robben Island mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii - a makwaara ha n'ezie dị ka di na nwunye ruo afọ iri abụọ tupu ebubo sodomy ma gbuo ha abụọ, mgbe ha abụọ fọrọ nke nta ka ha dị afọ iri anọ. A na-eji ihe ndị a na-eme n'oge, dị ka redio transistor, ígwè typewriter eletrik na Jeep, mee ihe na fim ahụ iji gosipụta isiokwu Greyson buru ibu na homophobia na Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke ụdị nke dugara na ogbugbu Blank na Jacobsz ka dị n'ụwa. Ihe ndị a nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ, gụnyere uwe nke oge a (ihe dị ka 1964) n'ọtụtụ oge, na-apụta na njikọ ya na ihe nke narị afọ iri na asatọ. ọmụmaatụ, onye isi ụlọ mkpọrọ nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, bụ onye nọ n'okpuru ya nke na-eyi uwe ndị nche nke narị afọ iri abụọ ma na-esokarị onye Alsatian na-eme ihe ike na obere oge. <ref name="Kramer">Gary M. Kramer {{google books|tiw7ET-wCWwC|Independent Queer Cinema: Reviews and Interviews|page=36}}</ref> na-ahụ akpa mmiri, okwu ịta ahụhụ sitere na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ South Africa. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ==   == Nnakwere == Dennis Harvey nke Variety kwuru <ref>{{Cite news|author=Harvey|first=Dennis|title=Proteus|url=https://variety.com/2003/film/reviews/proteus-3-1200539291/#!|accessdate=19 December 2018|work=Variety|date=15 September 2003|language=en}}</ref> "ihe nkiri ahụ nwere ihe zuru ezu na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na ihe dị iche iche iji merie ndị na-ekiri ihe nkiri" mana ọ "enweghị ihe mara mma na mgbagwoju anya, na-eme ka ọ dịtụ anya". <ref>{{Cite web|author=Fox|first=Ken|title=Proteus, TV Guide|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/proteus/review/137568/|work=TVGuide.com|accessdate=19 December 2018|language=en}}</ref>'inye ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando 3 n'ime kpakpando 4, Ken Fox nke TV Guide kwuru na "mmetụta postmodern adịghị mgbe ọ na-ewepụ ihe dị n'obi akụkọ ịhụnanya na-emetụ n'ahụ". <ref>{{Cite news|author=Kehr|first=Dave|title=FILM IN REVIEW; 'Proteus'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/30/movies/film-in-review-proteus.html|accessdate=20 December 2018|work=The New York Times|date=30 July 2004}}</ref> Kehr nke <nowiki><i id="mwSg">The New York Times</i></nowiki> kwuru "ihe nkiri siri ike, nke dị egwu, na nke sitere na ya" ma "eji usoro fantasy na egwuregwu ndị na-adọpụ uche na isi ihe nkiri". == Edensibia == na nloghachi Cabot. Mgbe ọ gbaghaara mwakpo dị mkpirikpi nke ndị na-agba ohu, Cabot zutere Talena ma chọpụta na nna ya, Eze Marlenus, lụrụ nwanyị nwere oké ọchịchọ aha ya bụ Lara ugbu a. N'otu oriri n'abalị ahụ, Marlenus mara ọkwa na ọ ga-esi n'ocheeze {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb title|title=Proteus}} {{John Greyson}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3edmmt0h3x8bledn1s0b45tbsvmpf35 0 37185 628556 151763 2026-04-01T14:42:15Z Geraldine Kene 23189 Fixed reference error 628556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart bụ ihe nkiri America nke 1970 nke Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) kesara banyere ahụmịhe nwa akwụkwọ kọleji nwere mgbagwoju anya na mmekọahụ, mmekọrịta, na ọgwụ ọjọọ na ngwụcha afọ 1960 na New York City. <ref name=">{{Cite news|author=Canby|first=Vincent|authorlink=Vincent Canby|date=1970-05-27|title=Screen: A Plastic Garden: Don Johnson Portrays 'Stanley Sweetheart'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D03E4DD1538EE34BC4F51DFB366838B669EDE|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2016-10-17}}</ref>'ịbụ nke Martin Poll mepụtara ma bụrụ nke Leonard J. Horn duziri, ihe nkiri ahụ dabeere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ onwe onye nke otu aha ahụ site n'aka Robert T. Westbrook, onye bụkwa onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Morehouse|first=Rebecca|date=1969-10-28|title=This Generation: First Movie Brings Youth Title Role|work=The Sun|page=B7}}</ref> bụ ihe nkiri izizi nke Don Johnson, onye pụtara na ọrụ aha. == Atụmatụ == Stanley Sweetheart (Don Johnson) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-eto eto na Mahadum Columbia nke si Beverly Hills kwaga New York City. Nna ya anwụọla, ya na nne ya anọghị nso, ego ezinaụlọ ya na-agwụkwa. Ọ bi naanị ya n'otu ụlọ Manhattan na Upper West Side n'ofe ebe a na-ewu ụlọ, o yikwara ka ọ nweghị ndị enyi. N'ịbụ onye ike gwụrụ na klas ya ma na-achọ ụzọ mmekọahụ, ọ na-eche banyere nwa klas mara mma. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ gara n'ụlọ mmanya dị n'ógbè ahụ ebe ọ zutere onye na-ekwu okwu hippie, Barbara (Linda Gillen), onye gbanwere aha ya na Shayne na nso nso a. Ya na Barbara na-anọ otu abalị, n'abalị ọ na-ahụ ma na-adọrọ mmasị ya na onye ya mara mma, Andrea (Victoria Racimo). Mgbe ọ gara n'ụlọ mmanya ahụ, ọ zutere enyi ha Danny (Michael Greer), onye okenye na onye egwu nzuzo. Laa azụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ, Stanley mechara zute ma soro nwa klas ya bụ ihe nrọ ya, Cathy (Dianne Hull). Cathy na Stanley hụrụ onwe ha n'anya, mana ọ bụ nwa agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke ma na mbụ jụ mmekọahụ ya, na-ahapụ ya nkụda mmụọ. N'ikpeazụ, ọ kwetara ka ya na ya dina ma ha abụọ banye na ndụ ezinụlọ obi ụtọ ruo oge ụfọdụ, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya, Stanley na-enwe ike ọgwụgwụ na mmekọrịta ahụ ma na-eche echiche banyere Andrea. Mgbe Cathy kwupụtara nchegbu banyere omume rụrụ arụ nke onye ya na ya bi Fran <ref name="ebay-393908117163">{{Cite web|title=1970 Press Photo Holly Near, Don Johnson, The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart|url=https://www.ebay.com/itm/393908117163?orig_cvip=true|work=[[eBay]]|accessdate=17 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417032714/https://www.ebay.com/itm/393908117163?orig_cvip=true|archivedate=17 April 2022}}</ref> (Holly Near), Stanley kpọrọ Fran ka ọ bịa n'okpuru ihe ngọpụ nke ime ihe nkiri maka ihe nkiri nzuzo a na-akpọ Masturbation. Ọ na-eme ka Fran ṅụbiga mmanya ókè ma na-ese ya ihe nkiri n'ọnọdụ mmekọahụ dịgasị iche iche, na-ejedebe na ya na-emetọ onwe ya n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị Stanley na Fran nwere mmekọahụ. Na mbụ, ọ na-enwe obi amamikpe, mana Fran na-abịa n'ụlọ ya mgbe Cathy na-apụ ma na-adọta ya ka ọ gaa n'ihu n'azụ Cathy. Stanley, onye hapụrụ kọleji ugbu a, na-eso Danny (onye na-akọ na ya onwe ya "na-aga Juilliard") na kọntaktị rock psychedelic / na-eme n'ime oghere arụmọrụ loft. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Danny, Barbara na Andrea na-ada n'ụlọ Stanley mgbe ya na Cathy nọ n'ụlọ. Ha niile na-ese anwụrụ ọkụ ọnụ ma Stanley mechara soro Andrea kwurịta okwu, ebe Cathy nwere mmasị na Danny. Ka e mesịrị, Cathy na Stanley kewara, na-ekwu na ha ahụghị ibe ha n'anya ogologo oge ma ọ chọrọ ịhụ Danny kama. Stanley na-ewe iwe ma chụpụ ya n'ụlọ ya, mana mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ na-achọ ya ma na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na-achọkarị ya. Ọ na-agwa Danny okwu, onye kwetara na ọ naghị eche banyere Cathy, mana ọ gaghị agwa ya ka ọ kwụsị ịbịa. Stanley gara n'ụlọ Andrea, ebe ha na-ese ite ma mesịa nwee mmekọahụ, nke Barbara sonyeere mgbe e mesịrị. Stanley na ụmụ agbọghọ ahụ na-akwaga ma ha na-emepụta ezinụlọ na Stanley dị ka "nne ukwu", Andrea dị ka "mama" na Barbara dị ka "nwanne nwanyị", ma na-etinye oge ha ọnụ na-ada, na-enwe mmekọahụ n'ìgwè ma na-enyocha Greenwich Village. Na mbụ Stanley bụ onye obi ụtọ ọ nwetụrụla na ndụ ya, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ na-ahụ onwe ya ọzọ na-enweghị mmasị. Mgbe o mechara hụ Cathy na ihe omume ọzọ nke psychedelic, ọ dị elu nke na ọ pụghị imeghachi omume na mbọ ọ na-agba ịgwa ya okwu. Danny gbara onwe ya égbè n'azụ ụlọ nne ya. Stanley tetara n'ụlọ Andrea na Barbara ma gwa Andrea na ọ na-aga n'elu obodo iji gbanwee uwe ya. Andrea rịọrọ ya ka ọ lọta, n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ya. Stanley kwuru na ọ ga-alọghachi, mana ka ọ na-apụ, ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ma ọ ga-emezu nkwa ahụ n'ezie. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * Don Johnson dị ka Stanley Sweetheart * Michael Greer dị ka Danny * Dianne Hull dị ka Cathy * Linda Gillen (dị ka "Linda Gillin") dị ka Barbara / Shayne * Victoria Racimo dị ka Andrea * Holly dị nso dị ka Fran * Karen Lynn Gorney dị ka Alicia * Brandon Maggart dị ka Nwoke Na Café == Mmepụta == <ref name="harris">{{Cite web|url=http://www.avclub.com/article/don-johnson-cold-july-dennis-hopper-and-auditionin-205139|title=Don Johnson on Cold in July, Dennis Hopper, and Auditioning for Miami Vice|author=Harris|first=Will|date=2014-05-30|work=avclub.com|publisher=[[The A.V. Club]]|accessdate=2016-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060407/http://www.avclub.com/article/don-johnson-cold-july-dennis-hopper-and-auditionin-205139|archivedate=2016-03-04}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHarris2014">Harris, Will (May 30, 2014). [http://www.avclub.com/article/don-johnson-cold-july-dennis-hopper-and-auditionin-205139 "Don Johnson on Cold in July, Dennis Hopper, and Auditioning for Miami Vice"]. ''avclub.com''. [[Klọb A.V.|The A.V. Club]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060407/http://www.avclub.com/article/don-johnson-cold-july-dennis-hopper-and-auditionin-205139 Archived] from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> bụ ezie na e bu n'obi na Richard Thomas ga-abụ onye isi nke "Stanley Sweetheart", a họpụtara Don Johnson mgbe a hụchara ya na onye isi ("Smitty") nke Sal Mineo's Los Angeles stage production nke ihe nkiri ụlọ mkpọrọ Fortune and Men's Eyes . <ref name="warhol" /> Robert Westbrook ekwuola <ref name="ledrugstore1968">{{Cite web|url=http://ledrugstore1968.blogspot.com/2010/07/magic-garden-of-stanley-sweetheart.html|title=The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=2010-07-11|work=ledrugsstore1968.blogspot.com|publisher=Le Drugstore 1968|accessdate=2016-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017065742/http://ledrugstore1968.blogspot.com/2010/07/magic-garden-of-stanley-sweetheart.html|archivedate=2016-10-17|quote=Robert Westbrook: I was against Don Johnson from the start -- I never liked him even a little. At the age of 19 he was a real twerp, a hustler of the worst kind, and I thought he was utterly miscast. I was overruled by the producer, Marty Poll.}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://ledrugstore1968.blogspot.com/2010/07/magic-garden-of-stanley-sweetheart.html "The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart"]. ''ledrugsstore1968.blogspot.com''. Le Drugstore 1968. July 11, 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161017065742/http://ledrugstore1968.blogspot.com/2010/07/magic-garden-of-stanley-sweetheart.html Archived] from the original on October 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2016</span>. <q>Robert Westbrook: I was against Don Johnson from the start -- I never liked him even a little. At the age of 19 he was a real twerp, a hustler of the worst kind, and I thought he was utterly miscast. I was overruled by the producer, Marty Poll.</q></cite></ref> ọ masịghị Johnson, na-ewere ya dị ka "onye na-eme ihe ike kachasị njọ" na "onye na'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi", mana onye na-emepụta Martin Poll jụrụ ya. Dị ka Westbrook si kwuo, Cathleen (Kate) Heflin (nwa Van Heflin) bịanyere aka na mbụ ka ọ kpọọ "Cathy", tupu Dianne Hull anọchie ya. <ref name="ledrugstore1968" /> Cathleen Heflin mechara lụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Gillen|first=Linda|title=Return To The Red Wolf Inn (And Other Unusual Places): Getting To Know Linda Gillen|url=https://diaboliquemagazine.com/return-red-wolf-inn-unusual-places-getting-know-linda-gillen/|work=Diabolique Magazine}}</ref> Jones, nwa nwanyị nke onye na-emepụta ihe ndekọ Quincy Jones, bụ onye mbụ a họpụtara ka ọ bụrụ onye ya na Barbara bi, Andrea, mana ọ hapụrụ ma jiri Victoria Racimo dochie ya. <ref name="ferguson">{{Cite book|author=Ferguson|first=Michael|date=2015|title=Joe Dallesandro: Warhol Superstar, Underground Film Icon, Actor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3-cVBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT45|location=New York City|publisher=[[Open Road Integrated Media|Open Road]]|isbn=9781504006545}}</ref> <ref name="ledrugstore1968" />-eme ihe nkiri Warhol bụ Joe Dallesandro bụ onye a họpụtara dị ka "Danny," Stanley nke okenye, enyi ya nwere ahụmahụ karịa, mana ya na osote onye nduzi na-ese okwu ma chụpụ ya na fim ahụ mgbe naanị otu ụbọchị gasịrị. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Kramer|first=Carol|date=1969-12-07|title=Weird Events Are Routine for Mike Greer|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1969/12/07/page/150/article/weird-events-are-routine-for-mike-greer|work=Chicago Tribune|page=Section 5 - 2|accessdate=2016-11-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Banis|first=Victor J.|date=2004|edition=2012|title=Spine Intact, Some Creases: Remembrances of a Paperback Writer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Alb0AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA80|location=New York City|publisher=[[Wildside Press]] LLC|isbn=9781434447838}}</ref><ref name="ferguson" />Michael Greer, ezigbo enyi Johnson nke ya na ya pụtara na Fortune and Men's Eyes dị ka onye ya na ya nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ "Queenie", ka a tụbara n'ọrụ ahụ. Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ ''The New York Times'' na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ kọrọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1969, MGM kwupụtara na Andy Warhol ga-eme ihe nkiri azụmahịa mbụ ya na ihe nkiri ahụ, na ọrụ mbụ ya na-ekwu okwu dị ka "onye na-agwọ ọrịa uche" n'ihe nkiri ọhụụ. <ref name="latimes19691017">{{Cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Movie Call Sheet: Janet MacLachlan In Role|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119186066/movie-call-sheet-janet-maclachlan-in/|work=Los Angeles Times|page=Part IV-15|date=1969-10-17|accessdate=2023-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Films To Scrutinize Modern U.S.|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119185840/films-to-scrutinize-modern-us/|work=The Indianapolis Star|page=14|date=1969-10-11|accessdate=2023-02-19}}</ref><ref name="weiler">{{Cite news|author=Weiler|first=A.H.|date=1969-10-09|title=Faulkner's Short Story 'Tomorrow' To Be Filmed|work=The New York Times|page=54}}</ref> kọwakwara na ndị Warhol superstars Ultra Violet, Candy Darling, na Gerard Malanga (yana Joe Dallesandro) etinyela na fim ahụ, na Ultra Violet na-eme ka onye nọọsụ n'oge ihe nkiri ahụ. <ref name="latimes19691017" /> bịanyere aka na Candy Darling ka ọ pụta na usoro "Electric Head" nke ihe nkiri ahụ, [1] a pụkwara ịhụ ya na mkpirikpi a na-akwadoghị, nke na-enweghị okwu na-anọdụ ala na matarasị n'oge ihe nkiri ebe Stanley na-aga ihe ngosi psychedelic n'okpuru ala. Warhol, Malanga na Ultra Violet apụtaghị na ihe nkiri ahụ. Ihe owuwu ahụ gosipụtara na ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka ihe na-ewere ọnọdụ n'ofe okporo ámá site na ụlọ Stanley (nke, dị ka mkparịta ụka ihe nkiri ahụ si kwuo, dị na Upper West Side nke Manhattan nso Mahadum Columbia na Juilliard School) bụ n'ezie ihe nkiri nke mmalite nke World Trade Center. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Leff|first=Leonard J.|date=2001|title=The Dame in the Kimono: Hollywood, Censorship, and the Production Code|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7QhzlWkFowC&pg=PA276|edition=2nd|location=Lexington, Kentucky|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=9780813190112}}</ref> mbụ, a kpọrọ ihe nkiri ahụ "X", mana a gbanwere ya ka ọ bụrụ "R" mgbe MGM kwetara na a ga-ebelata ya ugboro abụọ. == Nnakwere == Ihe nkiri ahụ <ref>{{Cite book|author=MacGregor (Janeshutz)|first=Trish|date=1986|title=The Making of Miami Vice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ljMBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT73|location=[[Hertford, North Carolina]]|publisher=Ballantine Books|edition=Crossroads Press|isbn=978-0345336699}}</ref> ihe na-adịchaghị mma ma mee ka MGM wepụ Don Johnson. <ref name="ledrugstore1968" /><ref name="harris" />mechara kwuo, "Ọ bụ nnukwu akwụkwọ n'oge ahụ, mana dị ka ihe nkiri, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka o lie m! Ọ fọrọ nke nta nke nta ka m laghachi Missouri!" [1] Robert Westbrook kwuru na "ndị 60s bụ ndị mgbasa ozi ji mee ihe, mgbe ihe nkiri ahụ pụtara na 1970 onye ọ bụla na-arịa ọrịa kpamkpam maka mmekọahụ / ọgwụ ọjọọ / ihe hippie. " Ndị nkatọ ahụ enweghịkwa mmasị ihe nkiri ahụ, na-ele ya anya dị ka mgbalị a na-eme iji mebie ahịa maka ihe nkiri ndị ntorobịa. <ref name="canby" /><ref name="champlin" /> Vincent Canby kpọrọ ya "n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma" <ref name="canby" /> na Charles Champlin weere ya dị ka "ọdachi" na "obere ihe ọjọọ". <ref name="champlin">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119186475/two-films-take-a-then-view-of-the-now/|author=Champlin|first=Charles|date=1970-05-24|title=Two Films Take a Then View of the Now Generation|work=Los Angeles Times|page=s1|accessdate=2023-02-19}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Maltin|first=Leonard|date=2014|title=Leonard Maltin's 2015 Movie Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F60TAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1479|location=New York|publisher=Penguin Group|isbn=978-0-698-18361-2}}</ref><ref>[[Gene Siskel|Siskel, Gene]] (May 29, 1970). "Foul 'Garden'". ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''. Section 2, p. 1.</ref>Gene Siskel nyere ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando efu n'ime anọ, na-akpọ ya "mkparị nye ndị na-eto eto ọ na-anwa ịrata. " [1] Aha ihe nkiri ahụ emeghị ka oge na-aga; akwụkwọ nduzi ihe nkiri Leonard Maltin nke afọ 2015 kọwara ya dị ka "vapid" ma nye ya otu kpakpando na ọkara. [2] Ka o sina dị, Warhol toro ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka "ihe nkiri kachasị mkpa, nke kachasị eziokwu nke e mere na studio banyere '60s counterculture'. <ref name="warhol">{{Cite book|author=Warhol|first=Andy|editor=Hackett|date=2009|title=The Andy Warhol Diaries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OmBQv6Ib6tgC&pg=PT1270|location=New York|publisher=Grand Central Publishing|isbn=9780446571241}}</ref> The Andy Warhol Diaries, Warhol kọrọ na Martin Poll gakwuuru ya na 1986 banyere ime ihe nkiri na akụkọ ndụ Warhol, nke Warhol zaghachiri na "emerela ihe nkiri magburu onwe ya na afọ iri isii, ọ ga-emekwa ka ọ gbanwee ya - The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart". == Egwú == Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara egwu "Sweet Gingerbread Man", nke Michel Legrand (egwú) na Alan na Marilyn Bergman (okwu) dere. Ọ bụ The Mike Curb Congregation mere ya na soundtrack nke ihe nkiri ahụ. A tọhapụrụ ya dị ka otu iji kwalite abọm ụdaolu ahụ, abụ ahụ bụ obere ihe, na-eru # 16 na chaatị Billboard Adult Contemporary. Ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe mechara kpuchie ya, gụnyere Sammy Davis Jr., Jack Jones, Bobby Sherman, Sarah Vaughan, na onye na-agụ egwu pop nke Australia [[Dave Allenby]]. N'afọ 1977, ndị Muppet gingerbread men kụrụ egwu ahụ na Episode #201 nke The Muppet Show . Egwú mmeghe nke ihe nkiri ahụ, "O nweghị onye maara", nke Legrand / Bergman / Bergman dere ma mee na ihe nkiri ahụ site na Bill Medley, ekpuwokwa ya ọtụtụ ugboro, gụnyere Natalie Cole, Lena Horne, Jack Jones, na Kiri Te Kanawa. MGM wepụtara abọm ụda maka ihe nkiri ahụ gụnyere ndị omenkà dị iche iche, dị ka Bill Medley, Eric Burdon na War, The Mike Curb Congregation, David Lucas, Crow, Angeline Butler, na Michael Greer. == Edensibia == Masturbation. Ọ na-eme ka Fran ṅụbiga mmanya ókè ma na-ese ya ihe nkiri n'ọnọdụ mmekọahụ dịgasị iche iche, na-ejedebe na ya na-emetọ onwe ya n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ, mgbe nke ahụMasturbation. Ọ na-eme ka Fran ṅụbiga mmanya óMasturbation. Ọ na-eme ka Fran ṅụbiga mmanya ókè ma na-ese ya ihe nkiri n'ọnọdụ mmekọahụ dịgasị iche iche, na-ejedebe na ya na-emetọ onwe ya n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ, mgbe nke ahụkè ma na-ese ya ihe nkiri n'ọnọdụ mmekọahụ dịgasị iche iche, na-ejedebe na ya na-emetọ onwe ya n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ, mgbe nke ahụ{{Reflist}} * {{IMDb title|0066036}} * [[TCMDB]]/title/563867/The-Magic-Garden-of-Stanley-Sweetheart/" id="mwAZ8" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">''Ogige Ime Anwansi nke Stanley Sweetheart'' na TCMDB [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] h50nynwz6b0xyxxwuhkaraz37gx0bkh 628557 628556 2026-04-01T14:45:27Z Geraldine Kene 23189 Fixed reference error 628557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart bụ ihe nkiri America nke 1970 nke Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) kesara banyere ahụmịhe nwa akwụkwọ kọleji nwere mgbagwoju anya na mmekọahụ, mmekọrịta, na ọgwụ ọjọọ na ngwụcha afọ 1960 na New York City. <ref name=">{{Cite news|author=Canby|first=Vincent|authorlink=Vincent Canby|date=1970-05-27|title=Screen: A Plastic Garden: Don Johnson Portrays 'Stanley Sweetheart'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D03E4DD1538EE34BC4F51DFB366838B669EDE|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2016-10-17}}</ref>'ịbụ nke Martin Poll mepụtara ma bụrụ nke Leonard J. Horn duziri, ihe nkiri ahụ dabeere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ onwe onye nke otu aha ahụ site n'aka Robert T. Westbrook, onye bụkwa onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Morehouse|first=Rebecca|date=1969-10-28|title=This Generation: First Movie Brings Youth Title Role|work=The Sun|page=B7}}</ref> bụ ihe nkiri izizi nke Don Johnson, onye pụtara na ọrụ aha. == Atụmatụ == Stanley Sweetheart (Don Johnson) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-eto eto na Mahadum Columbia nke si Beverly Hills kwaga New York City. Nna ya anwụọla, ya na nne ya anọghị nso, ego ezinaụlọ ya na-agwụkwa. Ọ bi naanị ya n'otu ụlọ Manhattan na Upper West Side n'ofe ebe a na-ewu ụlọ, o yikwara ka ọ nweghị ndị enyi. N'ịbụ onye ike gwụrụ na klas ya ma na-achọ ụzọ mmekọahụ, ọ na-eche banyere nwa klas mara mma. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ gara n'ụlọ mmanya dị n'ógbè ahụ ebe ọ zutere onye na-ekwu okwu hippie, Barbara (Linda Gillen), onye gbanwere aha ya na Shayne na nso nso a. Ya na Barbara na-anọ otu abalị, n'abalị ọ na-ahụ ma na-adọrọ mmasị ya na onye ya mara mma, Andrea (Victoria Racimo). Mgbe ọ gara n'ụlọ mmanya ahụ, ọ zutere enyi ha Danny (Michael Greer), onye okenye na onye egwu nzuzo. Laa azụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ, Stanley mechara zute ma soro nwa klas ya bụ ihe nrọ ya, Cathy (Dianne Hull). Cathy na Stanley hụrụ onwe ha n'anya, mana ọ bụ nwa agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke ma na mbụ jụ mmekọahụ ya, na-ahapụ ya nkụda mmụọ. N'ikpeazụ, ọ kwetara ka ya na ya dina ma ha abụọ banye na ndụ ezinụlọ obi ụtọ ruo oge ụfọdụ, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya, Stanley na-enwe ike ọgwụgwụ na mmekọrịta ahụ ma na-eche echiche banyere Andrea. Mgbe Cathy kwupụtara nchegbu banyere omume rụrụ arụ nke onye ya na ya bi Fran <ref name="ebay-393908117163">{{Cite web|title=1970 Press Photo Holly Near, Don Johnson, The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart|url=https://www.ebay.com/itm/393908117163?orig_cvip=true|work=[[eBay]]|accessdate=17 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417032714/https://www.ebay.com/itm/393908117163?orig_cvip=true|archivedate=17 April 2022}}</ref> (Holly Near), Stanley kpọrọ Fran ka ọ bịa n'okpuru ihe ngọpụ nke ime ihe nkiri maka ihe nkiri nzuzo a na-akpọ Masturbation. Ọ na-eme ka Fran ṅụbiga mmanya ókè ma na-ese ya ihe nkiri n'ọnọdụ mmekọahụ dịgasị iche iche, na-ejedebe na ya na-emetọ onwe ya n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị Stanley na Fran nwere mmekọahụ. Na mbụ, ọ na-enwe obi amamikpe, mana Fran na-abịa n'ụlọ ya mgbe Cathy na-apụ ma na-adọta ya ka ọ gaa n'ihu n'azụ Cathy. Stanley, onye hapụrụ kọleji ugbu a, na-eso Danny (onye na-akọ na ya onwe ya "na-aga Juilliard") na kọntaktị rock psychedelic / na-eme n'ime oghere arụmọrụ loft. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Danny, Barbara na Andrea na-ada n'ụlọ Stanley mgbe ya na Cathy nọ n'ụlọ. Ha niile na-ese anwụrụ ọkụ ọnụ ma Stanley mechara soro Andrea kwurịta okwu, ebe Cathy nwere mmasị na Danny. Ka e mesịrị, Cathy na Stanley kewara, na-ekwu na ha ahụghị ibe ha n'anya ogologo oge ma ọ chọrọ ịhụ Danny kama. Stanley na-ewe iwe ma chụpụ ya n'ụlọ ya, mana mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ na-achọ ya ma na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na-achọkarị ya. Ọ na-agwa Danny okwu, onye kwetara na ọ naghị eche banyere Cathy, mana ọ gaghị agwa ya ka ọ kwụsị ịbịa. Stanley gara n'ụlọ Andrea, ebe ha na-ese ite ma mesịa nwee mmekọahụ, nke Barbara sonyeere mgbe e mesịrị. Stanley na ụmụ agbọghọ ahụ na-akwaga ma ha na-emepụta ezinụlọ na Stanley dị ka "nne ukwu", Andrea dị ka "mama" na Barbara dị ka "nwanne nwanyị", ma na-etinye oge ha ọnụ na-ada, na-enwe mmekọahụ n'ìgwè ma na-enyocha Greenwich Village. Na mbụ Stanley bụ onye obi ụtọ ọ nwetụrụla na ndụ ya, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ na-ahụ onwe ya ọzọ na-enweghị mmasị. Mgbe o mechara hụ Cathy na ihe omume ọzọ nke psychedelic, ọ dị elu nke na ọ pụghị imeghachi omume na mbọ ọ na-agba ịgwa ya okwu. Danny gbara onwe ya égbè n'azụ ụlọ nne ya. Stanley tetara n'ụlọ Andrea na Barbara ma gwa Andrea na ọ na-aga n'elu obodo iji gbanwee uwe ya. Andrea rịọrọ ya ka ọ lọta, n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ya. Stanley kwuru na ọ ga-alọghachi, mana ka ọ na-apụ, ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ma ọ ga-emezu nkwa ahụ n'ezie. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * Don Johnson dị ka Stanley Sweetheart * Michael Greer dị ka Danny * Dianne Hull dị ka Cathy * Linda Gillen (dị ka "Linda Gillin") dị ka Barbara / Shayne * Victoria Racimo dị ka Andrea * Holly dị nso dị ka Fran * Karen Lynn Gorney dị ka Alicia * Brandon Maggart dị ka Nwoke Na Café == Mmepụta == <ref name="harris">{{Cite web|url=http://www.avclub.com/article/don-johnson-cold-july-dennis-hopper-and-auditionin-205139|title=Don Johnson on Cold in July, Dennis Hopper, and Auditioning for Miami Vice|author=Harris|first=Will|date=2014-05-30|work=avclub.com|publisher=[[The A.V. Club]]|accessdate=2016-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060407/http://www.avclub.com/article/don-johnson-cold-july-dennis-hopper-and-auditionin-205139|archivedate=2016-03-04}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHarris2014">Harris, Will (May 30, 2014). [http://www.avclub.com/article/don-johnson-cold-july-dennis-hopper-and-auditionin-205139 "Don Johnson on Cold in July, Dennis Hopper, and Auditioning for Miami Vice"]. ''avclub.com''. [[Klọb A.V.|The A.V. Club]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060407/http://www.avclub.com/article/don-johnson-cold-july-dennis-hopper-and-auditionin-205139 Archived] from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> bụ ezie na e bu n'obi na Richard Thomas ga-abụ onye isi nke "Stanley Sweetheart", a họpụtara Don Johnson mgbe a hụchara ya na onye isi ("Smitty") nke Sal Mineo's Los Angeles stage production nke ihe nkiri ụlọ mkpọrọ Fortune and Men's Eyes . <ref name="warhol" /> Robert Westbrook ekwuola <ref name="ledrugstore1968">{{Cite web|url=http://ledrugstore1968.blogspot.com/2010/07/magic-garden-of-stanley-sweetheart.html|title=The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=2010-07-11|work=ledrugsstore1968.blogspot.com|publisher=Le Drugstore 1968|accessdate=2016-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017065742/http://ledrugstore1968.blogspot.com/2010/07/magic-garden-of-stanley-sweetheart.html|archivedate=2016-10-17|quote=Robert Westbrook: I was against Don Johnson from the start -- I never liked him even a little. At the age of 19 he was a real twerp, a hustler of the worst kind, and I thought he was utterly miscast. I was overruled by the producer, Marty Poll.}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://ledrugstore1968.blogspot.com/2010/07/magic-garden-of-stanley-sweetheart.html "The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart"]. ''ledrugsstore1968.blogspot.com''. Le Drugstore 1968. July 11, 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161017065742/http://ledrugstore1968.blogspot.com/2010/07/magic-garden-of-stanley-sweetheart.html Archived] from the original on October 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2016</span>. <q>Robert Westbrook: I was against Don Johnson from the start -- I never liked him even a little. At the age of 19 he was a real twerp, a hustler of the worst kind, and I thought he was utterly miscast. I was overruled by the producer, Marty Poll.</q></cite></ref> ọ masịghị Johnson, na-ewere ya dị ka "onye na-eme ihe ike kachasị njọ" na "onye na'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi", mana onye na-emepụta Martin Poll jụrụ ya. Dị ka Westbrook si kwuo, Cathleen (Kate) Heflin (nwa Van Heflin) bịanyere aka na mbụ ka ọ kpọọ "Cathy", tupu Dianne Hull anọchie ya. <ref name="ledrugstore1968" /> Cathleen Heflin mechara lụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Gillen|first=Linda|title=Return To The Red Wolf Inn (And Other Unusual Places): Getting To Know Linda Gillen|url=https://diaboliquemagazine.com/return-red-wolf-inn-unusual-places-getting-know-linda-gillen/|work=Diabolique Magazine}}</ref> Jones, nwa nwanyị nke onye na-emepụta ihe ndekọ Quincy Jones, bụ onye mbụ a họpụtara ka ọ bụrụ onye ya na Barbara bi, Andrea, mana ọ hapụrụ ma jiri Victoria Racimo dochie ya. <ref name="ferguson">{{Cite book|author=Ferguson|first=Michael|date=2015|title=Joe Dallesandro: Warhol Superstar, Underground Film Icon, Actor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3-cVBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT45|location=New York City|publisher=[[Open Road Integrated Media|Open Road]]|isbn=9781504006545}}</ref> <ref name="ledrugstore1968" />-eme ihe nkiri Warhol bụ Joe Dallesandro bụ onye a họpụtara dị ka "Danny," Stanley nke okenye, enyi ya nwere ahụmahụ karịa, mana ya na osote onye nduzi na-ese okwu ma chụpụ ya na fim ahụ mgbe naanị otu ụbọchị gasịrị. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Kramer|first=Carol|date=1969-12-07|title=Weird Events Are Routine for Mike Greer|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1969/12/07/page/150/article/weird-events-are-routine-for-mike-greer|work=Chicago Tribune|page=Section 5 - 2|accessdate=2016-11-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Banis|first=Victor J.|date=2004|edition=2012|title=Spine Intact, Some Creases: Remembrances of a Paperback Writer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Alb0AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA80|location=New York City|publisher=[[Wildside Press]] LLC|isbn=9781434447838}}</ref><ref name="ferguson" />Michael Greer, ezigbo enyi Johnson nke ya na ya pụtara na Fortune and Men's Eyes dị ka onye ya na ya nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ "Queenie", ka a tụbara n'ọrụ ahụ. Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ ''The New York Times'' na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ kọrọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1969, MGM kwupụtara na Andy Warhol ga-eme ihe nkiri azụmahịa mbụ ya na ihe nkiri ahụ, na ọrụ mbụ ya na-ekwu okwu dị ka "onye na-agwọ ọrịa uche" n'ihe nkiri ọhụụ. <ref name="latimes19691017">{{Cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Movie Call Sheet: Janet MacLachlan In Role|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119186066/movie-call-sheet-janet-maclachlan-in/|work=Los Angeles Times|page=Part IV-15|date=1969-10-17|accessdate=2023-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Films To Scrutinize Modern U.S.|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119185840/films-to-scrutinize-modern-us/|work=The Indianapolis Star|page=14|date=1969-10-11|accessdate=2023-02-19}}</ref><ref name="weiler">{{Cite news|author=Weiler|first=A.H.|date=1969-10-09|title=Faulkner's Short Story 'Tomorrow' To Be Filmed|work=The New York Times|page=54}}</ref> kọwakwara na ndị Warhol superstars Ultra Violet, Candy Darling, na Gerard Malanga (yana Joe Dallesandro) etinyela na fim ahụ, na Ultra Violet na-eme ka onye nọọsụ n'oge ihe nkiri ahụ. <ref name="latimes19691017" /> bịanyere aka na Candy Darling ka ọ pụta na usoro "Electric Head" nke ihe nkiri ahụ, [1] a pụkwara ịhụ ya na mkpirikpi a na-akwadoghị, nke na-enweghị okwu na-anọdụ ala na matarasị n'oge ihe nkiri ebe Stanley na-aga ihe ngosi psychedelic n'okpuru ala. Warhol, Malanga na Ultra Violet apụtaghị na ihe nkiri ahụ. Ihe owuwu ahụ gosipụtara na ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka ihe na-ewere ọnọdụ n'ofe okporo ámá site na ụlọ Stanley (nke, dị ka mkparịta ụka ihe nkiri ahụ si kwuo, dị na Upper West Side nke Manhattan nso Mahadum Columbia na Juilliard School) bụ n'ezie ihe nkiri nke mmalite nke World Trade Center. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Leff|first=Leonard J.|date=2001|title=The Dame in the Kimono: Hollywood, Censorship, and the Production Code|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7QhzlWkFowC&pg=PA276|edition=2nd|location=Lexington, Kentucky|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=9780813190112}}</ref> mbụ, a kpọrọ ihe nkiri ahụ "X", mana a gbanwere ya ka ọ bụrụ "R" mgbe MGM kwetara na a ga-ebelata ya ugboro abụọ. == Nnakwere == Ihe nkiri ahụ <ref>{{Cite book|author=MacGregor (Janeshutz)|first=Trish|date=1986|title=The Making of Miami Vice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ljMBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT73|location=[[Hertford, North Carolina]]|publisher=Ballantine Books|edition=Crossroads Press|isbn=978-0345336699}}</ref> ihe na-adịchaghị mma ma mee ka MGM wepụ Don Johnson. <ref name="ledrugstore1968" /><ref name="harris" />mechara kwuo, "Ọ bụ nnukwu akwụkwọ n'oge ahụ, mana dị ka ihe nkiri, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka o lie m! Ọ fọrọ nke nta nke nta ka m laghachi Missouri!" [1] Robert Westbrook kwuru na "ndị 60s bụ ndị mgbasa ozi ji mee ihe, mgbe ihe nkiri ahụ pụtara na 1970 onye ọ bụla na-arịa ọrịa kpamkpam maka mmekọahụ / ọgwụ ọjọọ / ihe hippie. " Ndị nkatọ ahụ enweghịkwa mmasị ihe nkiri ahụ, na-ele ya anya dị ka mgbalị a na-eme iji mebie ahịa maka ihe nkiri ndị ntorobịa.<ref name=canby>{{cite news |last=Canby |first=Vincent |author-link=Vincent Canby |date=1970-05-27 |title=Screen: A Plastic Garden: Don Johnson Portrays 'Stanley Sweetheart' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D03E4DD1538EE34BC4F51DFB366838B669EDE |newspaper=The New York Times |location=New York City |access-date=2016-10-17 }}</ref> <ref name="champlin" /> Vincent Canby kpọrọ ya "n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma" <ref name="canby" /> na Charles Champlin weere ya dị ka "ọdachi" na "obere ihe ọjọọ". <ref name="champlin">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119186475/two-films-take-a-then-view-of-the-now/|author=Champlin|first=Charles|date=1970-05-24|title=Two Films Take a Then View of the Now Generation|work=Los Angeles Times|page=s1|accessdate=2023-02-19}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Maltin|first=Leonard|date=2014|title=Leonard Maltin's 2015 Movie Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F60TAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1479|location=New York|publisher=Penguin Group|isbn=978-0-698-18361-2}}</ref><ref>[[Gene Siskel|Siskel, Gene]] (May 29, 1970). "Foul 'Garden'". ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''. Section 2, p. 1.</ref>Gene Siskel nyere ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando efu n'ime anọ, na-akpọ ya "mkparị nye ndị na-eto eto ọ na-anwa ịrata. " [1] Aha ihe nkiri ahụ emeghị ka oge na-aga; akwụkwọ nduzi ihe nkiri Leonard Maltin nke afọ 2015 kọwara ya dị ka "vapid" ma nye ya otu kpakpando na ọkara. [2] Ka o sina dị, Warhol toro ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka "ihe nkiri kachasị mkpa, nke kachasị eziokwu nke e mere na studio banyere '60s counterculture'. <ref name="warhol">{{Cite book|author=Warhol|first=Andy|editor=Hackett|date=2009|title=The Andy Warhol Diaries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OmBQv6Ib6tgC&pg=PT1270|location=New York|publisher=Grand Central Publishing|isbn=9780446571241}}</ref> The Andy Warhol Diaries, Warhol kọrọ na Martin Poll gakwuuru ya na 1986 banyere ime ihe nkiri na akụkọ ndụ Warhol, nke Warhol zaghachiri na "emerela ihe nkiri magburu onwe ya na afọ iri isii, ọ ga-emekwa ka ọ gbanwee ya - The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart". == Egwú == Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara egwu "Sweet Gingerbread Man", nke Michel Legrand (egwú) na Alan na Marilyn Bergman (okwu) dere. Ọ bụ The Mike Curb Congregation mere ya na soundtrack nke ihe nkiri ahụ. A tọhapụrụ ya dị ka otu iji kwalite abọm ụdaolu ahụ, abụ ahụ bụ obere ihe, na-eru # 16 na chaatị Billboard Adult Contemporary. Ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe mechara kpuchie ya, gụnyere Sammy Davis Jr., Jack Jones, Bobby Sherman, Sarah Vaughan, na onye na-agụ egwu pop nke Australia [[Dave Allenby]]. N'afọ 1977, ndị Muppet gingerbread men kụrụ egwu ahụ na Episode #201 nke The Muppet Show . Egwú mmeghe nke ihe nkiri ahụ, "O nweghị onye maara", nke Legrand / Bergman / Bergman dere ma mee na ihe nkiri ahụ site na Bill Medley, ekpuwokwa ya ọtụtụ ugboro, gụnyere Natalie Cole, Lena Horne, Jack Jones, na Kiri Te Kanawa. MGM wepụtara abọm ụda maka ihe nkiri ahụ gụnyere ndị omenkà dị iche iche, dị ka Bill Medley, Eric Burdon na War, The Mike Curb Congregation, David Lucas, Crow, Angeline Butler, na Michael Greer. == Edensibia == Masturbation. Ọ na-eme ka Fran ṅụbiga mmanya ókè ma na-ese ya ihe nkiri n'ọnọdụ mmekọahụ dịgasị iche iche, na-ejedebe na ya na-emetọ onwe ya n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ, mgbe nke ahụMasturbation. Ọ na-eme ka Fran ṅụbiga mmanya óMasturbation. Ọ na-eme ka Fran ṅụbiga mmanya ókè ma na-ese ya ihe nkiri n'ọnọdụ mmekọahụ dịgasị iche iche, na-ejedebe na ya na-emetọ onwe ya n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ, mgbe nke ahụkè ma na-ese ya ihe nkiri n'ọnọdụ mmekọahụ dịgasị iche iche, na-ejedebe na ya na-emetọ onwe ya n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ, mgbe nke ahụ{{Reflist}} * {{IMDb title|0066036}} * [[TCMDB]]/title/563867/The-Magic-Garden-of-Stanley-Sweetheart/" id="mwAZ8" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">''Ogige Ime Anwansi nke Stanley Sweetheart'' na TCMDB [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tuvnr2c8rztl915h77dwbdpv0hd05mh 0 37684 628543 152408 2026-04-01T13:42:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628543 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Roger Marsh Blench''' (amụrụ n'August 1, 1953) bụ onye British linguist, Ethnomusicologist na mmepe anthropologist. O nwere MA na Ph.D. site na Mahadum Cambridge ma nọrọ na Cambridge, England. <ref>[http://rogerblench.info/Professional%20CV.htm Professional CV], Roger Blench.</ref> na-eme nchọpụta, na-ebipụta, ma na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ. == Ọrụ == A maara Blench maka mmasị ya dịgasị iche iche ma nye aka dị mkpa na Asụsụ Africa, <ref>{{Cite journal|first=John|author=Hewson|title=Archaeology, Language, and the African Past|journal=Canadian Journal of African Studies|volume=41|issue=3|date=2007|pages=574–579}}</ref> asụsụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia, anthropology, ethnomusicology, ethnobotany, na ngalaba ndị ọzọ dị iche iche metụtara ya. O meela nnyocha dị mkpa na ezinụlọ Niger-Congo, Nilo-Saharan, na Afroasiatic, yana Asụsụ Arunachal. Tụkwasị na nke a, Blench ebipụtala ọtụtụ ihe gbasara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti asụsụ na nkà mmụta ihe ochie. Blench na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge ugbu a iji dekọọ asụsụ nke etiti [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. <ref name="Royal News 2018">{{Cite web|title=British anthropologist advises against ranching in Nigeria|work=Royal News|date=2018-11-09|url=https://royalnews.com.ng/british-anthropologist-advises-against-ranching-in-nigeria/|accessdate=2022-11-17}}</ref><ref name="Rachael 2018">{{Cite web|author=Rachael|first=Abujah|title=British anthropologist advises against ranching in Nigeria|work=EnviroNews Nigeria|date=2018-11-08|url=http://www.environewsnigeria.com/british-anthropologist-advises-against-ranching-in-nigeria/|accessdate=2022-11-17}}</ref> gosikwara nchegbu banyere ịkpa anụ na Naịjirịa. Blench sooro Prọfesọ [[Kay Williamson]], onye nwụrụ na Jenụwarị 2005, rụkọọ ọrụ, ọ bụkwa onye nlekọta nke Kay Williamson Educational Foundation, nke dị ugbu a iji bipụta ihe ndị a na-ebipụtaghị ebipụta nke Kay William sonyere ma kwalite ọmụmụ Asụsụ Naijiria. <ref>[http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KWEF/KWEFOP.htm Kay Williamson Educational Foundation]</ref> Usoro mbipụta ndị ntụkwasị obi ahụ kwadoro <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KWEF/KWEFpubs/KWEF%20publications.htm |title=KWEF: Publications supported |accessdate=2024-03-01 |archivedate=2024-01-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106073136/http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KWEF/KWEFpubs/KWEF%20publications.htm }}</ref>-aga n'ihu na Rüdiger Köppe Verlag na Cologne. Blench emeela nnyocha <ref>[http://rogerblench.info/Consultancy/Blench%20Complete%20CV%20January%202021.pdf Academic Curriculum Vitae], Roger Blench, January 2021.</ref> nyocha nke ọrụ mmepe mba ụwa n'ụwa niile, dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na onye nyocha nke Overseas Development Institute na London. == Echiche asụsụ == === Asụsụ ndị dị n'Ebe Ugwu Africa Ochie === Ndị na-asụ Old North Africa, ndị a na-amaghị dị ka Paleoberbers ma ghara ikwu asụsụ (s) nke nwere njikọ asụsụ na [[Berber languages|Asụsụ Berber]] dị ugbu a, bụ ndị na-eri nri nke prehistoric North Africa nke na-asụrụ asụsụ (s). <ref name="Blench">{{Cite book|author=Blench|first=Roger|title=Burials, Migration and Identity in the Ancient Sahara and Beyond|date=Feb 14, 2019|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-47408-5|doi=10.1017/9781108634311.014|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=FOeADwAAQBAJ|chapter=The Linguistic Prehistory of the Sahara}}</ref> <ref name="Blench II">{{Cite journal|author=Blench|first=Roger|title=Relating linguistic reconstructions of plant names in Berber to the archaeobotany of North Africa|url=https://www.academia.edu/36413349|journal=Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports|year=2021|volume=38|doi=10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103009}}</ref><ref name="Blench" /> Blench chepụtara okwu ahụ, "Old North African," iji kọwaa ma mee ka asụsụ ndị mbụ a na-asụ na North Africa dị iche na asụsụ ndị ọzọ ndị na-asụrụ [[Berber languages|Berber]], ndị na-ekwu Punic, na ndị na-akpọ [[Arabic]]. ==== Ihe odide Libyco-Berber ==== <ref name="Blench II"/><ref name="Blench"/>Ihe odide Libyco-Berber nwere ike ịbụ nsonaazụ nke usoro crelization n'etiti asụsụ Berber na Old North Africa; asụsụ Creolized a nwere ike igosipụta njikọ asụsụ n'etiti ndị na-asụ Berber nke oge a na ndị na-ekwu Guanche nke Canary Islands. <ref name="Blench V">{{Cite book|author=Blench|first=Roger|editor=Campbell|title=Language Isolates|date=Oct 3, 2017|publisher=Routledge|location=London and New York|isbn=9781317610915|doi=10.4324/9781315750026|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=vGxQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162|chapter=African Language Isolates}}</ref>'etiti ọtụtụ ihe a na-amaghị ama a hụrụ na ihe osise nkume na Canary Islands, achọtala ihe akaebe ụfọdụ (dịka, akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ole na ole, nọmba) nke Asụsụ Punic na edemede Libyco-Berber. <ref name="Blench V" /> bụ ezie na echiche zuru oke nke asụsụ Berber na-ejikọta asụsụ na asụsụ Guanche dabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ihe akaebe ọnụọgụ, o yikarịrị ka njikọ a hụrụ n'etiti asụsụ ndị ahụ bụ n'ihi okwu ndị a gbazitere Berber n'oge na-adịghị anya nakwa na ndị na-asụ Guanche bụ ndị na-ekwu Old North Africa. <ref name="Blench VII">{{Cite journal|author=Blench|first=Roger|title=Africa over the last 12000 years: how we can interpret the interface of archaeology, linguistics and genetics|date=21 October 2017|url=https://www.academia.edu/28768228}}</ref>[[Numidian language|Asụsụ Numidian]], nke nwekwara ike ịbụ asụsụ Old North Africa, mejupụtara ihe osise nkume na Canary Islands. ==== Asụsụ Berber ==== <ref name="Blench II"/> pụghị ime ka ọdịiche dị n'ime asụsụ Berber kwekọọ na oge Neolithic (7000 BP, mgbe e mesịrị) na oge Capsian (12,000 BP - 8000 BP) mere na North Africa; ya mere, oge Neolittic na Capsian ndị a na North Africa enweghị ike ịkọwa dị ka "Berber. " <ref name="Blench"/> Okwu ntọala nke asụsụ Berber, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị n'ihi ogologo oge ole asụsụ Berber kewapụrụ na asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Afroasiatic, nwere ike igosipụta ihe nketa sitere na asụsụ Old North Africa. ==== Asụsụ ndị sitere na ya ==== <ref name="Blench"/> bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ Nilo-Sahara, asụsụ Nemadi na Dawada nwekwara ike ịbụ asụsụ sitere na asụsụ Old North Africa. Genetics nwere ike ịkwalite mkparịta ụka agụmakwụkwọ banyere njikọ <ref name="Broodbank">{{Cite journal|author=Broodbank|first=Cyprian|title=The Dynamics of Mediterranean Africa, ca. 9600-1000 bc: An Interpretative Synthesis of Knowns and Unknowns|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/301951/4-Broodbank%26Lucarini-FINALtxt.docx?sequence=3&isAllowed=y|journal=Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology|date=January 2019|volume=32|issue=2|doi=10.1558/jma.40581}}</ref> n'etiti ndị na-asụ Old North Africa na ndị na-ekwu Nilo-Sahara na ndịda Maghreb. == Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ == * {{Cite book|author=David Henry Crozier|others=Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council. Language Development Centre, University of Ilorin. Dept. of Linguistics & Nigerian Languages, Summer Institute of Linguistics|title=An index of Nigerian languages|year=1992|publisher=Summer Institute of Linguistics|isbn=0-88312-611-7}} * {{Cite book|isbn=0415117607|title=Theoretical and Methodological Orientations|series=Archaeology and Language|accessdate=2014-02-07|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mqKrB5_6EtsC&q=archaeology+and+language+blench+spriggs|editor=Blench|location=London ; New York|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=Aug 28, 1997}} * {{Cite book|isbn=0415117615|year=1998|title=Archaeological Data and Linguistic Hypotheses|series=Archaeology and Language|accessdate=2014-02-07|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DWMHhfXxLaIC&q=archaeology+and+language+blench+spriggs+II+Archaeological+Data+and+Linguistic+Hypotheses|editor=Blench <!-- |editor2-link=Matthew Spriggs -->|location=London ; New York|publisher=Routledge}} * {{Cite book|isbn=0415100542|year=1997|title=Artefacts, Languages and Texts|series=Archaeology and Language|accessdate=2014-02-07|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jTBTcQ6QXRcC&q=archaeology+and+language+blench+spriggs|editor=Blench <!-- |editor2-link=Matthew Spriggs -->|location=London ; New York|publisher=Routledge}} * {{Cite book|isbn=0415117860|year=1999|title=Language Change and Cultural Transformation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NUvnqjutFmoC|series=Archaeology and Language|accessdate=2014-02-07|editor=Blench <!-- |editor2-link=Matthew Spriggs -->|location=London ; New York|publisher=Routledge}} * 2000. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Mmalite na Mmepe nke Anụmanụ Africa.'' London: University College Press. * {{Cite book|author=Laurent Sagart|title=The Peopling of East Asia: Putting Together Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics|year=2005|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-32242-3}} * {{Cite book|author=Blench, Roger|title=Archaeology, language, and the African past|year=2006|publisher=Altamira Press|isbn=978-0-7591-0465-5}} * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2008. ''Migration nke mmadụ na Continental East Asia na Taiwan: kwekọrọ na nkà mmụta ihe ochie, asụsụ na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.'' London: Routledge. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Ndị na-ekpebi mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya maka iji usoro okwu dochie anya na ndị Naịjirịa abụọ: Nnyocha Nkwekọrịta nke Okwu na Egwú n'etiti ndị Nupe na ndị Gbari. " Apollo - Mahadum Cambridge Repository.    [./Doi_(identifier) :" title="Doi (identifier)">doi]:[[doi:10.17863/CAM.20118|10.17863/CAM.20118]]. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị {{authority control}}dabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ihe akaebe ọnụọgụ, o yikarịrị ka njikọ a hụrụ n'etiti asụsụ ndị ahụ bụ n'ihi okwu ndị a gbazitere Berber n'oge ndabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ihe akaebe ọnụọgụ, o yikarịrị ka njikọ a hụrụ n'etiti asụsụ . Asụsụ [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7hzis3f7zv1zw57wupuxby6auw9nlp1 0 38427 628632 155412 2026-04-02T01:31:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628632 wikitext text/x-wiki   <ref name="punch1">{{Cite news|url=http://archive.punchng.com/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art201109110403739|title=Free yourself, be unique - Sabina Umeh-Akamune|author=Ukoni|first=Nkarenyi|date=11 September 2011|work=[[The Punch]]|accessdate=31 May 2012}}</ref> <ref name="mirror1">{{Cite news|title=Ex-beauty queen, Sabina Umeh in new improved mode|author=Popoola|first=Kazeem|date=26 November 2011|work=[[National Mirror]]}}</ref> <ref name="vanguard1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/10/nigerian-beauty-queens-still-rocking/|title=Nigerian Beauty Queens still rocking|date=7 October 2011|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|The Vanguard]]|accessdate=31 May 2012}}</ref>Sabina Umeh listen (help·info) (akpa Sabina Ifeoma Umeh, 1969) bụ onye Naijiria na-agụ ịgụ/onye na-ede abụ, ihe nlere anya na ịma mma. == Ọrụ == Ada nke onye odee egwuregwu ama ama na prọfesọ, Umeh ikike okpueze Kasị Mma Girl na Nigeria (MBGN) 1990 na December 1989, na ga-eso na Miss Universe, Miss Intercontinental, na Miss World, ebe ọmeri Miss Personality award.  [1] Tupu MBGN, e chiri ya Miss Uniben okpueze.  [2] Umeh kwere nkwa na ya ga-ezere asịrị, mana ọ mụrụ onwe ya n'ime otu mgbe ndị nta ndị agbara ya mmeri enyi ya nwoke (nke bụ di ugbu a) Kesse Jabari, LEDre na ọ bụ onye ọrụ nke ndị  nhazi Silverbird Productions .  Umeh kagburu ebubo a, na-ekwu na ọ gbara aka na mbụ n'afọ 1987 mgbe Jabari na Silverbird nọbu, mana Omasan Buwa meri ya.  ụdị mgbaàmà ya, Umeh akara akwụkwọ na Theater Arts ፊል onye ọrụ na egwu, nkiri / ihe nkiri, ihe ngosi, na ịma mma, ma onye ọrụ na ndị eze na eze maka ụdị mma IKB . Onye ọkachamara n'ịgba egwu, egwu egwu na ime ihe nkiri, Umeh bụ onye nchoputa na onye nduzi nka nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta egwu ''Juicygroove'' nke na-akwalite nkà na-achọsi ike na Nigeria na mba ọzọ, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=89349:sabina-the-strength-in-beauty&catid=183:life-a-style&Itemid=710|title=The Guardian Nigeria Newspaper – Nigeria and World News|work=www.ngrguardiannews.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-08-29}}</ref> ma wepụta ọrụ na egwu. <ref name="vanguard1"/> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thenetng.com/2012/03/18/most-beautiful-girl-in-nigeria-pageant-celebrates-25th-anniversary/|title=‘Most Beautiful Girl in Nigeria’ pageant celebrates 25th anniversary|author=Ogunma|first=Hilda|date=18 March 2012|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|accessdate=31 May 2012}}</ref> <ref name="mirror2">{{Cite news|url=http://nationalmirroronline.net/sunday-mirror/applause/16989.html|title=Sabina Umeh returns in dazzling photo shoot|author=Segun-Oduntan|first=Olumide|date=24 July 2011|work=[[National Mirror]]|accessdate=31 May 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://juicygroove.com/founders.htm|title=The Founders|publisher=juicygroove.com|accessdate=31 May 2012|archivedate=17 February 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217022603/http://www.juicygroove.com/founders.htm}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, o wepụtara CD mgbasa ozi bụ ihe nleba anya nke album mbụ ya bụ "Warrior", na njem nlegharị anya mba ụwa malitere na Nigeria. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/news2013/index.php/en/component/k2/item/4437-how-i-keep-my-shape-after-4-kids-sabina-ex-nigeria%E2%80%99s-beauty-queen |title=How I keep my shape after 4 kids - Sabina, Ex Nigeria’s beauty queen |accessdate=2024-03-09 |archivedate=2013-02-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206010432/http://www.tribune.com.ng/news2013/index.php/en/component/k2/item/4437-how-i-keep-my-shape-after-4-kids-sabina-ex-nigeria%E2%80%99s-beauty-queen }}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] jt7payi1r89kywse0eptkpes5fll3qx 0 38600 628684 623341 2026-04-02T11:53:07Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}<ref name="NPR">{{Cite web|title=Peloton: Dara Treseder : Wisdom From The Top with Guy Raz|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/10/18/1047070118/peloton-dara-treseder|work=[[NPR]]|accessdate=26 October 2021|language=en}}</ref>'''Oluwadara Johnson Treseder''' bụ onye isi ahịa a mụrụ na Naijiria, <ref name="DiTrolio">{{Cite web|author=DiTrolio|first=Megan|title=Dara Treseder Is the Reason You're Obsessed With Peloton|url=https://www.marieclaire.com/career-advice/a36833871/dara-treseder-peloton-interview/|work=[[Marie Claire]]|accessdate=October 26, 2021|date=June 30, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="LGP">{{Cite web|title=Know Your Worth with Dara Treseder|url=https://ladiesgetpaid.com/blog/know-your-worth-with-dara-treseder/|work=Ladies Get Paid|accessdate=October 26, 2021|date=June 12, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="Swant">{{Cite web|author=Swant|first=Marty|title=Peloton Hires Dara Treseder As Head Of Global Marketing And Communications|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/martyswant/2020/08/06/peloton-hires-dara-treseder-as-head-of-global-marketing-and-communications/|work=Forbes|accessdate=October 26, 2021}}</ref> zụlitere na [[Ibadan]]. <ref name="SGSB">{{Cite web|title=Dara Treseder|url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/programs/mba/life-community/alumni/voices/dara-treseder|work=Stanford Graduate School of Business|accessdate=October 26, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How This Nigerian Woman Became One of the Most Powerful Execs in Silicon Valley|url=https://afrotech.com/how-this-nigerian-woman-became-one-of-the-most-powerful-execs-in-silicon-valley|work=Afrotech|accessdate=10 March 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref name="NPR" /> gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Harvard, [1] ebe ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta na African Amerikan Studies, [2] na Stanford Graduate School of Business, ebe ọ nwetara [[Master nke Nchịkwa Azụmaahịa|MBA]] na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Leadership & Board|url=https://www.phi.org/about/leadership/|accessdate=2023-08-01|work=Public Health Institute|language=en}}</ref><ref name="PHI">{{Cite web|title=Dara Treseder|url=https://blackexec.com/members/dara-treseder/|work=Public Health Institute|accessdate=October 26, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="BECMOA">{{Cite web|title=Dara Treseder {{!}} SVP, Head of Global Marketing & Communications, Peloton|url=https://blackexec.com/members/dara-treseder/|work=Black Executive CMO Alliance|accessdate=October 26, 2021}}</ref> onye guzobere Onye isi oche ojii CMO Njikọ, [1] na Onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ọha na eze. [2] [3] <ref name="Drohan">{{Cite web|author=Drohan|first=Freya|title=Investor Group Including Karlie Kloss and Kaia Gerber Acquire W Magazine|url=https://fashionweekdaily.com/investor-group-karlie-kloss-and-kaia-gerber-acquire-w/|work=Daily Front Row|accessdate=October 26, 2021|date=August 14, 2020}}</ref> bụ otu n'ime ndị otu na-akwado W Magazine. Treseder <ref name="autodesk">{{Cite web|author=Autodesk|title=Autodesk Appoints Dara Treseder as Chief Marketing Officer|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/autodesk-appoints-dara-treseder-as-chief-marketing-officer-301632604.html|accessdate=2023-08-01|work=www.prnewswire.com|language=en}}</ref> onye isi ahịa nke Autodesk ugbu a. <ref name="fox">{{Cite web|author=Manfredi|first=Lucas|date=2022-09-26|title=Peloton losing global marketing head to AutoDesk|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/business-leaders/peloton-losing-global-marketing-head-autodesk|accessdate=2023-08-01|work=FOXBusiness|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="adage2">{{Cite web|date=2021-12-14|title=Peloton's head of marketing details the brand's 'Sex and the City' response|url=https://adage.com/article/ad-age-video/video-pelotons-head-marketing-details-brands-sex-and-city-response/2386446|accessdate=23 May 2022|work=Ad Age}}</ref> gara aga gụnyere CMO na GE Azụmahịa ọhụrụ na GE Azụmahịa, [1] onye isi ahịa na Carbon, na SVP na onye isi ahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ, nkwukọrịta, na ndị otu ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mmega ahụ Peloton. <ref name="adage">[https://adage.com/article/ad-age-video/live-video-autodesk-cmo-dara-treseder-brand-building-marketing-bets-amid-shaky-economy/2489296 Live video: Autodesk CMO Dara Treseder on brand building, marketing bets amid a shaky economy | Ad Age Marketing News]</ref> <ref name="DiTrolio" /> == Ọrụ == Treseder <ref name="autodesk" /> onye isi ahịa nke Autodesk ugbu a. <ref>{{Cite web|author=O'Reilly|first=Lauren Johnson, Ryan Joe, Lara|title=Insider's most innovative CMOs of 2023|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/most-innovative-chief-marketing-officers-2023-6|accessdate=2023-08-01|work=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref> ka Azụmahịa Onye n'ime si kwuo, ọ "dọrọ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'ime ihe ngosi" ma "nyere aka nye ego nke anọ nke ijeri $ 1.32, site na 12% site n'otu oge ahụ gara aga", yana inyere aka ịbawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nkụzi na ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eji ngwaahịa Autodesk site na nde 55 ruo nde 65. [1] Treseder malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Autodesk n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2022. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sethmatlins/2023/06/22/the-forbes-worlds-most-influential-cmos-list-2023/|title=The Forbes World's Most Influential CMOs List: 2023|first=Seth|author=Matlins|work=Forbes|accessdate=September 25, 2023}}</ref>'ime ọnwa isii mbụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ọ malitere mkpọsa atọ dị mkpa - Emecha egwuregwu nke ocheeze, The Oscars, na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'inyere gọọmentị France aka iwughachi Notre Dame Katidral. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedrum.com/news/2023/05/16/peloton-s-ex-cmo-dara-treseder-how-she-hit-the-ground-running-autodesk|title=Peloton's ex-CMO Dara Treseder on how she hit the ground running at Autodesk|work=The Drum|accessdate=September 25, 2023}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/most-innovative-chief-marketing-officers-2023-6|title=Insider's most innovative CMOs of 2023|first=Lauren Johnson, Ryan Joe, Lara|author=O'Reilly|work=Business Insider|accessdate=September 25, 2023}}</ref> <ref name=":2" />'ime otu ọnwa ọ sonyeere Autodesk, Treseder so ụlọ ọrụ Ryan Reynolds, Mgbalị kacha, rụọ ọrụ iji malite mgbasa ozi TV mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'ime ihe karịrị afọ iri. Na 2023, Treseder malitere mkpọsa "Otto Desć" n'oge Oscars 2023, nke natara ihe karịrị nde 25. Mgbasa ozi ahụ gosikwara oge mbụ Autodesk na ndị na-eme ihe na-arụ ọrụ.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/most-innovative-chief-marketing-officers-2023-6|title=Insider's most innovative CMOs of 2023|first=Lauren Johnson, Ryan Joe, Lara|author=O'Reilly|work=Business Insider}}</ref> Mgbasa ozi Treseder so n'ime mkpọsa mgbasa ozi Autodesk mbụ, na metrik maka onye ọ bụla na-ahụ mmụba dị ịrịba ama n'okpuru mmetụta ahịa ya. <ref name=":3" /> ọ na erule n'ọnwa Eprel, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kọrọ na ọganihu ego nke YoY karịrị 8%, na, ka ọ na emechi ahịa na June 16, ngwaahịa ya ruru 27%, kwa YoY. Na mbido ọrụ ya, ọ bụ onye njikwa ahịa na FileMaker Inc. na Goldman Sachs. <ref name="fox" /> nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka CMO na GE Azụmahịa ọhụrụ na GE Azụmahịa, <ref name="adage">[https://adage.com/article/ad-age-video/live-video-autodesk-cmo-dara-treseder-brand-building-marketing-bets-amid-shaky-economy/2489296 Live video: Autodesk CMO Dara Treseder on brand building, marketing bets amid a shaky economy | Ad Age Marketing News]</ref> dị ka onye isi ahịa na Carbon, na dị ka SVP na onye isi ahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ, nkwukọrịta, na ndị otu ụlọ ọrụ na ahụ maka mmega ahụ Peloton. <ref name="DiTrolio" /> <ref name="adage2" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/martyswant/2020/08/06/peloton-hires-dara-treseder-as-head-of-global-marketing-and-communications/|title=Peloton Hires Dara Treseder As Head Of Global Marketing And Communications|first=Marty|author=Swant|work=Forbes|accessdate=September 25, 2023}}</ref> gosipụtara ya na ndepụta CMO Next 2018 nke Forbes. <ref name="auto" /> gosipụtakwara ya na Azụmahịa Onye n'ime kacha ọhụrụ CMOs nke 2023 . [1] Treseder <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://businessday.ng/interview/women-in-business/article/dara-treseder-chief-marketing-officer-autodesk/|title=Dara Treseder - Chief Marketing Officer, Autodesk|first=Kemi|author=Ajumobi|date=June 9, 2023|work=Businessday NG}}</ref> onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ọha na eze (PHI), otu na enweghị uru nke na arụ ọrụ iji melite ahụike, ikpe ziri ezi, na ahụike na obodo dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa. == Ìgwè ndị agha == Mgbanwe Treseder na Peloton nwetara otuto dị elu, na NPR na eto ya dị ka "otu n'ime ndị isi ahịa kachasị emetụta ọgbọ ya". <ref name="NPR" /> Magazin ''Marie Claire'' nyere ya otuto dị ka onye na akwado ihe ịga nke ọma nke Peloton n'oge ọrịa COVID-19. <ref name="DiTrolio" /> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Matlins|first=Seth|title=The Forbes World's Most Influential CMOs List: 2022|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sethmatlins/2022/06/23/the-forbes-worlds-most-influential-cmos-list-2022/|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=Forbes|language=en}}</ref>'afọ 2022, Forbes nabatara ya dị ka CMO kachasị emetụta n'ụwa, nke kwuru na ikike ya "iche echiche ma mee ihe ngwa ngwa na nzaghachi nye ihe a na atụghị anya ya" mgbe niile, na "nlebara anya ọdịbendị". <ref>{{Cite news|author=Hirsch|first=Lauren|date=2022-09-26|title=Peloton, the Troubled Fitness Company, Loses Another Top Executive|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/26/business/peloton-executive-departure.html|accessdate=2022-10-03}}</ref> ole <ref>{{Cite web|author=Movement|first=Q. ai-Powering a Personal Wealth|title=What Happened To Peloton's Lead Marketer Dara Treseder And The Wellness Industry At Large?|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/qai/2022/09/27/what-happened-to-pelotons-cmo-dara-treseder-and-the-wellness-industry-at-large/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> ole mgbe a gbanwere ndị isi, Treseder kwupụtara na ọ ga-ahapụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ iji were ọrụ Onye isi ahịa ahịa nke Autodesk n'oge nkeji iri na ise ikpeazụ nke afọ ahụ. Otu isiokwu nke Yahoo Fi<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peloton stock dips amid news of its marketing head leaving to work at Autodesk|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/video/peloton-stock-dips-amid-news-210934171.html|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=finance.yahoo.com|language=en-US}}</ref> bipụtara na-atụ aro na akụkọ a nwere ike imetụta ọnụahịa nke òkè Peloton. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Stebbins|first=Jack|date=2022-09-26|title=Peloton's head of marketing latest executive to leave company|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/26/pelotons-chief-marketing-officer-latest-executive-to-leave-company.html|accessdate=2023-08-02|work=CNBC|language=en}}</ref>'oge Treseder nọ n'ọkwa, ndị otu Peloton ji okpukpu abụọ rịa elu wee ruo ihe karịrị nde 6.9. [1] Treseder lekọtara ahịa akara, nghọta ndị ahịa, na nkwukọrịta na Peloton, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Swant|first=Marty|title=Peloton Hires Dara Treseder As Head Of Global Marketing And Communications|work=Forbes|date=2020-08-06|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/martyswant/2020/08/06/peloton-hires-dara-treseder-as-head-of-global-marketing-and-communications/|accessdate=2023-10-09}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=DiTrolio|first=Megan|title=Dara Treseder Is the Reason You're Obsessed With Peloton|work=Marie Claire Magazine|date=2021-06-30|url=https://www.marieclaire.com/career-advice/a36833871/dara-treseder-peloton-interview/|accessdate=2023-10-09}}</ref> gụnyere mwepụta nke Bike+, zọọ ụkwụ, Peloton Ntuziaka na igwe ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri ya Ahịrị Peloton. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Manfredi|first=Lucas|title=Peloton losing global marketing head to AutoDesk|publisher=Fox Business|date=2022-09-26|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/business-leaders/peloton-losing-global-marketing-head-autodesk|accessdate=2023-10-09}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marieclaire.com/career-advice/a36833871/dara-treseder-peloton-interview/|title=Dara Treseder Is the Reason You're Obsessed With Peloton|author=Megan DiTrolio|date=June 30, 2021|work=Marie Claire Magazine|accessdate=September 25, 2023}}</ref> malitere mkpọsa #MyPelotonReason nke nyere ndị otu ohere ịkekọrịta akụkọ ha ma gaa n'ihu na-etolite obodo ndị na-agba ịnyịnya nke Peloton. <ref>{{Cite web|title=What Happened To Peloton's Lead Marketer Dara Treseder And The Wellness Industry At Large?|work=Forbes|date=2022-09-27|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/qai/2022/09/27/what-happened-to-pelotons-cmo-dara-treseder-and-the-wellness-industry-at-large/|accessdate=2023-08-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=DiTrolio|first=Megan|title=Dara Treseder Is the Reason You're Obsessed With Peloton|work=Marie Claire Magazine|date=2021-06-30|url=https://www.marieclaire.com/career-advice/a36833871/dara-treseder-peloton-interview/|accessdate=2023-08-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Peloton, the Troubled Fitness Company, Loses Another Top Executive|work=The New York Times|date=2022-09-26|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/26/business/peloton-executive-departure.html|accessdate=2023-08-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Manfredi|first=Lucas|title=Peloton losing global marketing head to AutoDesk|publisher=Fox Business|date=2022-09-26|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/business-leaders/peloton-losing-global-marketing-head-autodesk|accessdate=2023-08-26}}</ref> rụkwara ọrụ na mmekọrịta ọdịnaya ya na Usain Bolt na onye otu ogologo oge [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]]. [1] [2] [3] == Ndụ onwe onye == Ọ lụrụ William Treseder; ha nwere ụmụ abụọ. <ref name="DTA">{{Cite web|author=Treseder|first=Dara|title=Chief Marketing Officer Board Member Investor Wife + Mom|url=https://daratreseder.com/about|work=Dara Treseder|accessdate=October 26, 2021}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị * Ajụjụ ọnụ nke 2021 na TresedernaYouTube {{DEFAULTSORT:Treseder, Dara}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] e3kme1jj8fx01ku2l5nhn8b7apz1h4k 0 39663 628608 156400 2026-04-01T21:57:00Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628608 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pseudokinases''' bụ ụdị na_ezughi dịka katalist nke [[pseudoenzyme]] na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla <ref name="pmid28408493">{{Cite journal|title=Bio-Zombie: the rise of pseudoenzymes in biology|journal=Biochemical Society Transactions|volume=45|issue=2|pages=537–544|date=April 2017|pmid=28408493|doi=10.1042/BST20160400}}</ref> nke protin kinases nke a na-anọchite anya na kinomes niile gafee alaeze nke ndụ. Pseudokinases nwere ma ọrụ fisiolojikal (ihe ngosi transdokshon ) na ọrụ pathophysiological.<ref name="pmid28620028">{{Cite journal|title=The secret life of kinases: insights into non-catalytic signalling functions from pseudokinases|journal=Biochemical Society Transactions|volume=45|issue=3|pages=665–681|date=June 2017|pmid=28620028|doi=10.1042/BST20160331}}</ref><ref name="pmid24107129">{{Cite journal|title=A robust methodology to subclassify pseudokinases based on their nucleotide-binding properties|journal=The Biochemical Journal|volume=457|issue=2|pages=323–34|date=January 2014|pmid=24107129|doi=10.1042/BJ20131174}}</ref><ref name="pmid18423189">{{Cite journal|title=Rethinking pseudokinases|journal=Cell|volume=133|issue=2|pages=204–5|date=April 2008|pmid=18423189|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2008.04.005}}</ref><ref name="pmid18423203">{{Cite journal|title=CASK Functions as a Mg2+-independent neurexin kinase|journal=Cell|volume=133|issue=2|pages=328–39|date=April 2008|pmid=18423203|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2008.02.036}}</ref><ref name="pmid25583260">{{Cite journal|title=The Tribbles 2 (TRB2) pseudokinase binds to ATP and autophosphorylates in a metal-independent manner|journal=The Biochemical Journal|volume=467|issue=1|pages=47–62|date=April 2015|pmid=25583260|doi=10.1042/BJ20141441}}</ref><ref name="pmid20351256">{{Cite journal|title=ErbB3/HER3 intracellular domain is competent to bind ATP and catalyze autophosphorylation|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=107|issue=17|pages=7692–7|date=April 2010|pmid=20351256|doi=10.1073/pnas.1002753107|url=http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1176&context=be_papers}}</ref><ref name="pmid19892943" /> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E chepụtara okwu pseudokinase n'afọ puku abụọ na abụọ .<ref name="pmid12471243">{{Cite journal|title=The protein kinase complement of the human genome|journal=Science|volume=298|issue=5600|pages=1912–34|date=December 2002|pmid=12471243|doi=10.1126/science.1075762}}</ref> E mechara kewaa ha n'ime 'Klaasị' dị iche iche.<ref name="pmid16879967">{{Cite journal|title=Emerging roles of pseudokinases|journal=Trends in Cell Biology|volume=16|issue=9|pages=443–52|date=September 2006|pmid=16879967|doi=10.1016/j.tcb.2006.07.003}}</ref><ref name="pmid19892943">{{Cite journal|title=Structure of the LKB1-STRAD-MO25 complex reveals an allosteric mechanism of kinase activation|journal=Science|volume=326|issue=5960|pages=1707–11|date=December 2009|pmid=19892943|doi=10.1126/science.1178377}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFZeqirajFilippiDeakAlessi2009">Zeqiraj E, Filippi BM, Deak M, Alessi DR, van Aalten DM (December 2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3518268 "Structure of the LKB1-STRAD-MO25 complex reveals an allosteric mechanism of kinase activation"]. ''Science''. '''326''' (5960): 1707–11. [[Bibcode (ihe njirimara)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Sci...326.1707Z 2009Sci...326.1707Z]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1178377|10.1126/science.1178377]]. [[PMC (ihe njirimara)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3518268 3518268]</span>. [[PMID (ihe njirimara)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19892943 19892943].</cite></ref><ref name="pmid21074407">{{Cite journal|title=Pseudokinases-remnants of evolution or key allosteric regulators?|journal=Current Opinion in Structural Biology|volume=20|issue=6|pages=772–81|date=December 2010|pmid=21074407|doi=10.1016/j.sbi.2010.10.001}}</ref><ref name="pmid19141289">{{Cite journal|title=Structure of the pseudokinase VRK3 reveals a degraded catalytic site, a highly conserved kinase fold, and a putative regulatory binding site|journal=Structure|volume=17|issue=1|pages=128–38|date=January 2009|pmid=19141289|doi=10.1016/j.str.2008.10.018}}</ref><ref name="pmid23863165">{{Cite journal|title=Dawn of the dead: protein pseudokinases signal new adventures in cell biology|journal=Biochemical Society Transactions|volume=41|issue=4|pages=969–74|date=August 2013|pmid=23863165|doi=10.1042/BST20130115}}</ref> A na-ahụ ọtụtụ ezinụlọ nwere pseudokinase na kinome mmadụ, gụnyere Tribbles pseudokinases, nke dị na intafeesi n'etiti kinase na ubiquitin E3 ligase signaling. <ref name="pmid27908682">{{Cite journal|title=Tribbles in the 21st Century: The Evolving Roles of Tribbles Pseudokinases in Biology and Disease|journal=Trends in Cell Biology|volume=27|issue=4|pages=284–298|date=April 2017|pmid=27908682|doi=10.1016/j.tcb.2016.11.002}}</ref><ref name="pmid30254057">{{Cite journal|title=Covalent inhibitors of EGFR family protein kinases induce degradation of human Tribbles 2 (TRIB2) pseudokinase in cancer cells.|journal=Science Signaling|volume=11|issue=549|date=September 2018|pages=eaat7951|pmid=30254057|doi=10.1126/scisignal.aat7951}}</ref><ref name="pmid30254053">{{Cite journal|title=Substrate binding allosterically relieves autoinhibition of the pseudokinase TRIB1|journal=Science Signaling|volume=11|issue=549|date=September 2018|pages=eaau0597|pmid=30254053|doi=10.1126/scisignal.aau0597}}</ref> Pseudokinases nke mmadụ (na ụmụnne ha pseudophosphatase) na-emetụta ọrịa dịgasị iche iche, <ref name="pmid24818526">{{Cite journal|title=Day of the dead: pseudokinases and pseudophosphatases in physiology and disease|journal=Trends in Cell Biology|volume=24|issue=9|pages=489–505|date=September 2014|pmid=24818526|doi=10.1016/j.tcb.2014.03.008}}</ref> <ref name="pmid28400531">{{Cite journal|title=Genomics and evolution of protein phosphatases|journal=Science Signaling|volume=10|issue=474|pages=eaag1796|date=April 2017|pmid=28400531|doi=10.1126/scisignal.aag1796}}</ref> nke mere ka ha bụrụ ndị ọgwụ na ndị na-egbochi ọrịa. <ref name="pmid28097887">{{Cite journal|title=Pseudokinases: update on their functions and evaluation as new drug targets|journal=[[Future Medicinal Chemistry]]|volume=9|issue=2|pages=245–265|date=January 2017|pmid=28097887|doi=10.4155/fmc-2016-0207}}</ref> <ref name="pmid25559089">{{Cite journal|title=Going for broke: targeting the human cancer pseudokinome|journal=The Biochemical Journal|volume=465|issue=2|pages=195–211|date=January 2015|pmid=25559089|doi=10.1042/BJ20141060}}</ref> <ref name="pmid24649957">{{Cite journal|title=Novel approaches for targeting kinases: allosteric inhibition, allosteric activation and pseudokinases|journal=[[Future Medicinal Chemistry]]|volume=6|issue=5|pages=541–61|date=April 2014|pmid=24649957|doi=10.4155/fmc.13.216}}</ref><ref name="pmid26517930">{{Cite journal|title=Tribbles pseudokinases: novel targets for chemical biology and drug discovery?|journal=Biochemical Society Transactions|volume=43|issue=5|pages=1095–103|date=October 2015|pmid=26517930|doi=10.1042/BST20150109}}</ref> Pseudokinases mejupụtara ngwakọta evolushọn nke ukariotik protin kinase (ePK) na protein [[pseudoenzyme]] na-abụghị ePK (dịka, FAM20A, nke na-ejikọta ATP ma bụrụ pseudokinase n'ihi glutamate echekwara na glutamine swap na alpha-C helix. <ref name="pmid28432788">{{Cite journal|title=Structure of Fam20A reveals a pseudokinase featuring a unique disulfide pattern and inverted ATP-binding|journal=eLife|volume=6|date=April 2017|pmid=28432788|doi=10.7554/eLife.23990}}</ref><ref name="pmid25789606">{{Cite journal|title=A secretory kinase complex regulates extracellular protein phosphorylation|journal=eLife|volume=4|pages=e06120|date=March 2015|pmid=25789606|doi=10.7554/eLife.06120}}</ref> FAM20A na-emetụta Ọrịa periodontal, ma na-arụ ọrụ iji chịkwaa ọrụ katalik nke FAM20C, casein kinase dị mkpa nke na-achịkwa phosphorylation nke protin na ngwaọrụ Golgi nke a kara aka maka ịgbapụta dị ka protein mmiri ara ehi casein.<ref name="pmid26091039">{{Cite journal|title=A Single Kinase Generates the Majority of the Secreted Phosphoproteome|journal=Cell|volume=161|issue=7|pages=1619–32|date=June 2015|pmid=26091039|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.028}}</ref> Nnyocha zuru oke nke evolushọn na-akwado na pseudokinases na-agbakọta n'ime ọtụtụ ndị okpuru ezinaụlọ a na-ahụkwa ndị a na kinome nke ihe ndị dị ndụ gafee alaeze nke ndụ, gụnyere prokaryotes, archaea na usoro ọmụmụ niile eukaryotic nwere proteome; nchọcho a nwere ike ịchọ na ProKino (<nowiki>http://vulcan.cs.edu/prokino/about/browser</nowiki>). <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Tracing the origin and evolution of pseudokinases across the tree of life|journal=Science Signaling|volume=12|issue=578|date=April 2019|pages=eaav3810|pmid=31015289|doi=10.1126/scisignal.aav3810}}</ref> 5h5xbzetfq7nugeye1yxq9vpcqhmgdg 0 39738 628681 621522 2026-04-02T11:49:12Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Laide Daramola''' (amuru Disemba 25, 1981), makwaara dika '''Lady Laide''', bu onye Naijiria-American onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-ese ihe onyonyo, na onye na-eme ihe onyonyo . <ref>Ayo Onikoyi,{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/04/laide-daramola-biodun-stephens-release-official-trailer-for-hotel-lambaba/|title=Laide Daramola, Biodun Stephens release official trailer for "Hotel Lambaba"|publisher=vanguardngr.com|date=9 April 2023|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/04/30/how-slay-queens-yahoo-boys-inspired-hotel-labamba|title=How Slay Queens, Yahoo Boys Inspired ‘Hotel Labamba’|publisher=thisdaylive.com|date=|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Laide na Baltimore, [[Mérílạnd|Maryland]] . <ref name="THE">{{Cite web|url=https://thebftonline.com/2023/04/29/laide-daramola-a-go-getting-storyteller-with-a-message/|title=Laide Daramola – a go-getting storyteller with a message|publisher=vanguardngr.com|date=29 April 2023|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> O nwetara nzere bachelọ nke sayensị na teknụzụ ozi na Mahadum Middlesex yana nzere masta na nchịkwa azụmahịa na Mahadum Maryland . <ref name="THE" /> O nwetara asambodo na Non-profit Management & Leadership na Mahadum Harvard . <ref name="THE" /> == Ọrụ == Laide na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri dị ka onye na-ese ihe nkiri, onye na-ese ihe nkiri na onye mmepụta ihe TV . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nollywire.com/aso-ebi-diaries-biodun-stephen-laide-daramola/|title=Biodun Stephen, Laide Daramola Reunite For ‘Aso Ebi Diaries,’ Co-produced by Taiwo Adebayo|publisher=nollywire.com|date=|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye guzobere ''Lady Laide Group'' na ''Lady Laide Films'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/on-location-aso-ebi-diaries-to-showcase-nigerias-rich-culture/|title=On location Aso Ebi Diaries to showcase Nigeria’s rich culture|publisher=sunnewsonline.com|date=15 March 2024|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri nke ''Hotel Labamba'', na-agbanye na Amazon Prime Video . <ref>Sylvester Kwentua,{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/04/laide-daramola-premieres-hotel-labamba-in-lagos/|title=Laide Daramola premieres ‘Hotel Labamba’ in Lagos|publisher=vanguardngr.com|date=30 April 2023|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> <ref>Ferdinand Ekechukwu,{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/05/06/adedimeji-ademoye-afegbai-lead-stellar-cast-in-hotel-labamba|title=Adedimeji, Ademoye, Afegbai lead Stellar cast in Hotel Labamba|publisher=thisdaylive.com|date=|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> <ref>Gbenga Bada,{{Cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/biodun-stephens-laide-daramola-speak-on-hotel-labamba/|title=Biodun Stephens, Laide Daramola speak on ‘Hotel Labamba’|publisher=thenationonlineng.net|date=7 April 2023|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> <ref>Mutiat Lawore,{{Cite web|url=https://newtelegraphng.com/bimbo-ademoye-lateef-adedimeji-others-cast-in-new-movie-hotel-lambaba/|title=Bimbo Ademoye, Lateef Adedimeji, others cast in new movie, Hotel Lambaba|publisher=newtelegraphng.com|date=8 April 2023|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> O nwere ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ nwere ogologo oge ka nọ na usoro mmepụta. <ref>Mutiat Lawore,{{Cite web|url=https://newtelegraphng.com/hotellabamba-hits-cinema-this-weekend/|title=Hotel Labamba Hits Cinema This Weekend|publisher=thisdaylive.com|date=29 July 2023|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> <ref>Tofarati Ige,{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/lilian-afegbai-bolaji-ogunmola-others-attend-hotel-labamba-screening/|title=Lilian Afegbai, Bolaji Ogunmola, others attend ‘Hotel Labamba’ screening|publisher=punchng.com|date=29 April 2023|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> <ref>Rotimi Ige,{{Cite web|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/hotel-labamba-lands-on-prime-naija-on-february-15/|title=‘Hotel Labamba’ lands on Prime Naija on February 15|publisher=tribuneonlineng.com|date=16 February 2024|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye na-eme ihe nkiri n'azụ ihe nkiri a na-atụ anya ya ''bụ Aso Ebi Diaries'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesouthernexaminer.com/awardwinning-director-biodun-stephen-takes-the-reins-for-aso-ebi-diarie-p11760-191.htm|title=Award-Winning Director, Biodun Stephen Takes The Reins For "Aso Ebi Diaries"|publisher=thesouthernexaminer.com|date=13 March 2024|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shockng.com/biodun-stephen-takes-the-directing-reins-for-aso-ebi-diaries-feature-produced-by-lady-laide-films/|title=Biodun Stephen Takes The Directing Reins For "Aso Ebi Diaries" Feature Produced By Lady Laide Films|publisher=shockng.com/|date=|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> Laide bụkwa ọkà okwu mba ụwa. <ref name="TRI">{{Cite web|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/new-media-conference-2022-noble-igwe-jennifer-ukoh-osamwonyi-anita-adesiyan-laide-daramola-and-sarah-sanni-headline-film-fashion-and-arts-panel/|title=New Media Conference 2022: Noble Igwe, Jennifer Ukoh-Osamwonyi, Anita Adesiyan, Laide Daramola and Sarah Sanni headline film, fashion and arts panel|publisher=tribuneonlineng.com|date=11 November 2022|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> O kwuwo okwu n'ụka, ogbako, na panels maka ịzụ ahịa, inye ike ụmụ nwanyị na nwa agbọghọ, onye isi na isiokwu ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://olorisupergal.com/288190/events/new-media-conference-nmc-announces-host-and-speakers-for-2022-edition/#google_vignette|title=New Media Conference (NMC) Announces Host and Speakers for 2022 edition|publisher=olorisupergal.com|date=29 September 2022|accessdate=16 March 2024|archivedate=21 March 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321213042/https://olorisupergal.com/288190/events/new-media-conference-nmc-announces-host-and-speakers-for-2022-edition/#google_vignette}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == * 2023 - ''Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Labamba'' nke Laide Daramola duziri nwetara ihe nrite ''ihe nkiri ihe nkiri kachasị mma'' na 2023 ''Toronto International Nollywood Film Festival'' . <ref>Ayo Onikoyi,{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/02/award-winning-hotel-labamba-blockbuster-lands-on-prime-naija/|title=Award-winning ‘Hotel Labamba’ blockbuster lands on Prime Naija|publisher=vanguardngr.com|date=18 February 2024|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> == Ọrụ ebere == Laide bụ onye na-arụkọ ọrụ nke ''Master's Touch'' (MsT), otu ndị ọrụ enyemaka na United States na-agbasa ịhụnanya n'ụlọ ọgwụ na ebe obibi ụmụ mgbei. <ref>Mary Nnah,{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/04/13/masters-touch-reaches-the-vulnerable-with-give-a-blanket-initiative-in-lagos|title=Master’s Touch Reaches the Vulnerable with Give a Blanket Initiative in Lagos|publisher=thisdaylive.com|date=|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> N'ime atụmatụ enyemaka ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere ọrụ ''ụmụaka ji egwuri egwu maka Lagos'' na ikesa blanketị nye ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ na ụmụaka nọ n'ụlọ mgbei na ụlọ ọgwụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/laide-daramola-to-give-kids-christmas-treat/|title=Laide Daramola to give kids Christmas treat|publisher=newsghana.com.gh|date=9 December 2013|accessdate=16 March 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://olorisupergal.com/82899/events/ceo-frutopia-laide-daramola-donates-gift-items-to-less-privileged-children/|title=CEO Frutopia, Laide Daramola, Donates Gift Items To Less Privileged Children|publisher=olorisupergal.com|date=21 January 2015|accessdate=16 March 2024|archivedate=21 March 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321213042/https://olorisupergal.com/82899/events/ceo-frutopia-laide-daramola-donates-gift-items-to-less-privileged-children/}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist|2}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Daramola, Laide}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] o07h1i5u2p4yr37blgfss8sdc2o9a5d 0 40239 628629 627777 2026-04-02T00:55:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628629 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[File:Ruth Yannatta Goldway PRC Headshot.png|thumb|Ruth Y. Goldway]] Ruth Yannatta Goldway (amuru September 17, 1945) bu onye otu nzizi ozi, [1] ma jee ozi dika onye isi oche ya site na 2009 rue 2014 == Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ == Ebe Goldway na Septemba 17, 1945 na New York City.  Mgbe ọ ọmụmụ akwụkwọ na Bronx High School of Science, ọ gara Mahadum Michigan na Wayne State University ebe ọ nzere nzere bachelọ nke Arts na Master of Arts na akwụkwọ Bekee n'otu n'otu. <ref name="2002 Gov Affairs Hearing">{{Cite web|title=Nominations of Hon. Ruth Y. Goldway and Tony Hammond|date=October 8, 2002|publisher=United States Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs|accessdate=April 25, 2022|url=http://www.archive.org/details/gov.gpo.fdsys.CHRG-107shrg83481/}}</ref> Ọ nọ na bọọdụ TreePeople na New Visions Foundation.  Ọ bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi oche nke Women in Logistics and Delivery Services (WILDS), otu ihe na inye.  Goldway ndị aghawo ọrụ ụmụ na-ama, omenala Finnish na ọha mmadụ, obodo obodo, na ụmụ akwụkwọ na mahadum na ndị otu fim na United States, Europe, [[Ostraliya|Australia]] na [[Japan]].  Ọ bụụrụ onye isi ngalaba ngalaba Consumer Affairs California n'ime 1970s.  A Aha ya onye otu kansụl na onye isi obodo nke obodo Santa Monica site na 1979 ruo 1983. O nyere aka usoro usoro nke aha ndị ọrụ ugbo na steeti yana nnochite anya ụmụ amaala na bọọdụ steeti steeti.  Ọ bụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchoputa na onye isi oche nke Santa Monica Pier Restoration Corporation site na 1983 ruo 1994. Goldway jere ozi dị ka onye isi ihe gbasara nsogbu na Mahadum California State, Los Angeles.  Site na 1991 ruo 1994 onye ọrụ dị ka onye njikwa ihe gbasara nsogbu na eze maka Getty Trust, ntọala nka na nkwado na US. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0326408/|title=Ruth Goldway|work=[[IMDb]]}}</ref>Na [[Finland]], site na 1994-1997, dị ka ike mgbe ahụ nke US Ambassador Derek Shearer, o dere ọtụtụ isiokwu na Finnish magazin Gloria, haziri 1111 1994-1997, dị ka ike mgbe ahụ nke US Ambassador Derek Shearer, o dere ọtụtụ isiokwu na Finnish magazine Gloria, haziri 1997 iji see ụmụ anụmanụ na-enyere aka n'ịkwalite nke Americanre na ọrụ.  Otava Oy mmetụta ma bipụta ihe ndị na-egosi nke obere ya n'ebe ahụ, Akwụkwọ ozi sitere na Finland, na Nọvemba, 1998. Na 1993, Goldway ike nke Education Secretary na fim " Dave ". == na-ahụ maka nzi ozi == Onye isi ala Bill Clinton mgbaàmà ya nke mbụ na mbụ 1998, ma họpụtaghachi ya na 2002 na 2008 site n'aka Onye isi ala George W. Bush ka ọ jee ozi ruo 2014. Onye isi ala Barack Obama ahụmahụ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi  oche na Ọgọst 6, 2009 <ref name="prc-goldway" />{{Cite web|title=Ruth Y. Goldway, Chairman|url=http://www.prc.gov/%28X%281%29S%28dd2brh4504duzl55uusqebnf%29%29/prc-pages/about/commissioners/bio.aspx?subsectionid=64|publisher=Postal Regulatory Commission|accessdate=2011-05-16|archivedate=2011-07-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719012049/http://www.prc.gov/(X(1)S(dd2brh4504duzl55uusqebnf))/prc-pages/about/commissioners/bio.aspx?subsectionid=64}}</ref> Goldway bụ onye na-eje ozi kachasị ogologo oge nke ndị omebe iwu onye isi ala kwadoro n'ọkwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị oge niile na ngalaba isi nke Gọọmenti United States. <ref name="prc-goldway">{{Cite web|title=Ruth Y. Goldway, Chairman|url=http://www.prc.gov/%28X%281%29S%28dd2brh4504duzl55uusqebnf%29%29/prc-pages/about/commissioners/bio.aspx?subsectionid=64|publisher=Postal Regulatory Commission|accessdate=2011-05-16|archivedate=2011-07-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719012049/http://www.prc.gov/(X(1)S(dd2brh4504duzl55uusqebnf))/prc-pages/about/commissioners/bio.aspx?subsectionid=64}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110719012049/http://www.prc.gov/(X(1)S(dd2brh4504duzl55uusqebnf))/prc-pages/about/commissioners/bio.aspx?subsectionid=64 "Ruth Y. Goldway, Chairman"]. Postal Regulatory Commission. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719012049/http://www.prc.gov/(X(1)S(dd2brh4504duzl55uusqebnf))/prc-pages/about/commissioners/bio.aspx?subsectionid=64 the original] on 2011-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-05-16</span></span>.</cite></ref> Odela ihe gbasara nzi ozi maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mba wee nyefee akaebe ọgbakọ ọgbakọ. A na-enweta Goldway n'ọtụtụ ebe maka ime ka United States Postal Stamp Service nakwere stampụ "Forever Forever," stampụ nke ga-adị irè ruo mgbe ebighị ebi mgbe azụrụ ya na ọnụego ọkwa mbụ. Ọ kwadowo ka e nweta Vote site Mail na ohere nke mba maka enweghị ihe ngọpụ na ntuli aka mba. Ọ kwadokwara ka e nwee nnukwu ụgbọ ala eletrik maka izipu ozi. <ref name="prc-goldway"/>Dị ka onye isi oche, Goldway na-achị n'oge a na-edekọ ihe ngosi na mme iwu na iwu nzi ozi ọhụrụ.  N'oge nche ya, kọmishọna ahụ na-ekiri ndị dị mkpa ikpe nke mbụ Exigency Rate case, [1] nke mbụ na- anabata anabata, [2] na Ndụmọdụ Ndụmọdụ na Post Office Station na mmechi alaka, [3]  na ụbọchị ise.  Nnyefe ozi.  [4] O hibere usoro mgbasa nsogbu na eze kwa ụgbụ, nke bụ webcast, [5] wee pụta ibipụta mgbaàmà iri na ise njikọ. na ọrụ.  [6] Kọmịshọn ahụ azaghachila nna nna nna ozi nzi ozi ịtụgharị, ule ahuhu na edibe na-arụ ọrụ nkata, ma onye ọrụ ya nke mba ụwa. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Aha]] srb8e0gwu004wccagmxnwpwn0gk2za7 0 40349 628589 208520 2026-04-01T20:54:23Z Mirah50 16972 Fixed reference errors 628589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|birthname=Philip David Radford|name=Phil Radford|image=Phil Radford.jpg|occupation=Environmental, clean energy and democracy leader|caption=Radford as Greenpeace's executive director (2012)|birth_date={{birth date and age|1976|1|02}}|birth_place=[[New Brunswick, New Jersey]], U.S.|death_date=|death_place=|education=[[Washington University in St. Louis]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<ref name="Washington University">{{Cite web |url=http://magazine-archives.wustl.edu/Fall09/Classmates.html |title=Washington University in St. Louis Magazine, Classmates Issue |publisher=Washington University in St. Louis Magazine |access-date=2013-07-19 |archive-date=January 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117031445/http://magazine-archives.wustl.edu/fall09/Classmates.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> />|known_for=Executive director, [[Greenpeace]]<br> Co-Founder, [[Democracy Initiative]]<ref name="Democracy Initiative">{{cite web |work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] |url= https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/01/democracy-initiative-campaign-finance-filibuster-sierra-club-greenpeace-naacp |title= Revealed: The Massive New Liberal Plan to Remake American Politics |access-date=2013-07-19}}</ref>|nationality=|citizenship=|movement=|notable works=|spouse=|partner=Eileen Radford|children=|relatives=|awards=|signature=|website=}} <ref>{{Cite web|title=Officers and Directors {{!}} Sierra Club|url=https://www.sierraclub.org/about/executive-team|accessdate=2023-09-23|work=www.sierraclub.org|language=en|archivedate=2023-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017001815/https://www.sierraclub.org/about/executive-team}}</ref>Philip David Radford (amuru January 2, 1976) bụ onye ụzọndọrọ ụzọ America nke jere ozi dị ka onye isi ụmụaka Greenpeace USA.  [1] Ọ bụ onye nchoputa na Onye isi oche nke Progressive Power Lab, [2] otu akwụkwọ nke na-nna ụlọ ọrụ na ndị na- uru na-ewuli ikike maka òtù ndị na-aga n'ihu, [3]  ụlọ ọrụ na-enye akwụkwọ [4] Champion.us, [5] Progressive Ego Multiplier [6] na draịva otu.  [7] Radford bụ onye na-arụkọ ọrụ nke Democracy Initiative, bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi nchọpụta nke Power Shift, na onye isi oche nke Mertz Gilmore Foundation.  [8] O nwere n nhazi na nhazi ntọala, ọrụ mgbasa na eze, [9] ike ihu igwe, na ike dị ọcha .  [10] Ọ na-ejekwa ozi ugbu a dị ka onye isi akwụkwọ na Sierra Club. <ref name="Oak Park and River Forest High School Tradition of Excellence Past Award Recipients">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oprfhs.org/alumni/Past-Award-Recipients-TOE.cfm|title=Oak Park and River Forest High School Tradition of Excellence Past Award Recipients|publisher=[[Oak Park and River Forest High School]]|accessdate=2013-07-19|archivedate=August 28, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828170212/http://www.oprfhs.org/alumni/Past-Award-Recipients-TOE.cfm}}</ref>Radford ihe mmemme gburugburu ebe obibi ya dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na Oak Park na River Forest High School na Oak Park, nke dị na Chicago, na- Francis onwe ya maka mgbasa ozi ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi iji ụlọ nke ihe mkpọfu mmiri  na West Side nke Chicago na nso Oak Park mpaghara ya.  ulo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greencorps.org/page/career-placement|title=Career Placement: Growing the Movement|publisher=[[Green Corps]]|accessdate=2013-08-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228035508/http://www.greencorps.org/page/career-placement|archivedate=February 28, 2014}}</ref>Ụlọ mbụ ya dị ka onye nhazi ntọala bịara dị ka onye na-anya ụgbọ ala maka Illinois PIRG .  Mgbe ọ na-amụ oyiyi ndị na azụmahịa na Mahadum Washington dị na St Louis, ọ na-eduzi na ụlọ ọrụ canvass n'oge maka Fund for Public Interest Research maka ndị na-ekiri mgbasa Mgbasa Ozi Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ, PIRGIM,  na [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]] PIRG ma onye ọrụ nwa oge n'oge ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ụlọ ụgbọ Siera .  [1] Mgbe akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ na 1998, Radford akwụkwọ onye ndu nhazi na Green Corps, ụlọ akwụkwọ maka nhazi gburugburu ebe obibi. == Ọrụ == Site na 1999 ruo 2001 Radford bụ onye isi ngalaba maka Ozone Action, otu nzukọ raara onwe ya nye ịrụ ọrụ na egwu ikuku nke okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ na mbelata ozone. Dị ka onye isi ngalaba, Radford zubere ma gbuo ọtụtụ mkpọsa nke ahịhịa, gụnyere mkpọsa n'oge 2000 president primaries, nke bụ mkpali mbụ maka Senator John McCain na-akwado Iwu nlekọta ihu igwe. <ref name="Canvassing Works">{{Cite web|publisher=Canvassing Works|url=http://www.canvassingworks.org/canvassingworks/2006/09/alumni_update_p.html|title=Canvassing Works|accessdate=2013-07-19}}</ref> <ref name="Living on Earth">{{Cite web|publisher=[[Living on Earth]]|url=http://www.loe.org/shows/segments.html?programID=07-P13-00049&segmentID=3|title=McCain on Climate Change|accessdate=2013-07-19}}</ref> Radford na-ejikwa mkpokọta ahịhịa maka Mgbasa Ozi Divestiture Divestiture, nke mere ka [[Ụlọ ọrụ Moto Ford|Ford]], General Motors, Texaco, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ kwụsị ego ha na-akwado Global Climate Coalition, nke na-agbasa ozi na-ezighị ezi banyere okpomọkụ ụwa. <ref name="Industry Ignored Its Scientists on Climate">{{Cite news|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/24/science/earth/24deny.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|title=Industry Ignored Its Scientists on Climate|accessdate=2013-08-26|first=Andrew C.|author=Revkin|date=April 24, 2009}}</ref> Dị ka ''akwụkwọ akụkọ The New York Times'' si kwuo, ihe si na mkpọsa ahụ pụta bụ "ihe ịrịba ama kachasị ọhụrụ nke nkewa n'ime ụlọ ọrụ dị arọ banyere otu esi emeghachi omume na okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ." <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/07/business/ford-announces-its-withdrawal-from-global-climate-coalition.html|title=Ford Announces Its Withdrawal From Global Climate Coalition|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=2013-07-21|first=Keith|author=Bradsher|date=December 7, 1999}}</ref> === Onye guzobere Shift Ike === . Na 2001, Radford ntọala ntọala Power Shift, [1] otu na- ndị nke mbụ raara onwe ya nye na-akuko ahia ike dị ọcha nke ọma na iwulite ntọala iji jide okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="Power Shift">{{Cite web|publisher=Volunteermatch.org|url=http://www.volunteermatch.org/search/org22033.jsp|title=Power Shift|accessdate=2013-08-26}}</ref> Dị ka onye isi ụmụaka nke Power Shift, Radford rụkọrọ ọrụ na obodo San Diego, Chula Vista, [[California]], na Berkeley, California, yana obodo obodo ndị ọzọ, iji nweta ego maka usoro nke usoro ike na mme usoro ike ike.  ụlọ ime obodo.  [1] Radford yere aka ime ka Citigroup kwenye ihe nkekwere ụzọ ọhụrụ e si enweta ego maka ngwaahịa ike dị ọcha maka nrụnye ikuku na isi nke mere ka ha nwee ọnụ maka ndị America<ref name="The National Journal">{{Cite web|publisher=[[The National Journal]]|url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/daily/greenpeace-leader-moving-on-at-38-20140422|title=Greenpeace Leader Moving On at 38; Phil Radford has been the youngest executive director in the environmental group's 43-year history, but he's looking for even greener pastures|accessdate=2014-04-23}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[Environmental News Service]|url=http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jan2004/2004-01-23-09.asp|title=Citigroup Sets New Environmental Standards|accessdate=2013-07-19}}</ref> === Onye isi ala Greenpeace USA === <ref name="The National Journal"/>Na 2009, mgbe ọ dị afọ 33, a nchọpụta Radford ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ụmụaka nke Greenpeace nke ọdụdụ .  [1] [2] Oge Radford na Greenpeace USA kacha mara amara maka ime ka ụlọ ọrụ 100 kwenye ka omume gburugburu ebe obibi ha;  [3] na- wel welọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke Koch Brothers, na-eme ka ha bụrụ aha mpaghara;  [4] na- ego ụgbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ site na 80%;  [5] ibido ntọala ntọala nke akụrụngwa a na-hazi ma na-eto eto nke ọma na mmemme kanvass;  [6] na-eje ozi dị ka onye nchoputa nke Democracy Initiative, otu mba nke ọnụ nke ndị isi otu, gburugburu ebe obibi, ikike obodo na ndị na-arụ ọrụ maka ndebanye aha ndị ọhụrụ aka n'ụwa nile, iji nweta ikike.  ego na ụkwụ ụkwụ, na imezigharị iwu Senate.  .  Na September 2013, Radford mara ɔkwa na ya ga-ahapụ n’April 30, 2014, site na rụchara ọrụ ise dị ka onye isi ụmụaka afọ. "Ben Jealous, onye bụbu onye isi oche na onye isi ụmụaka nke NAACP yana onye na-arụkọ ọrụ nke Democracy Initiative na Radford, ngwaọrụ Radford na isi nke Greenpeace dị ka "onye na-ewu ụlọ ọgbara ọhụrụ. maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ikike ikike ikike.  vootu. N'ime usoro a, o onwe ya na-egosi atụ n'ịkpọkọta ndị mmadụ kwa ụbọchị iji kwado ndabere ha ụzọ."  Onye ndu gburugburu ebe obibi Bill McKibben kwuru, sị: "Noge Radford nọ n'elu, Greenpeace na-enyere aka na gburugburu ebe obibi niile ka ọ azụ na-eme ya: mpaghara, njikọ, siri ike <ref name="Greenpeace">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/media-center/news-releases/Greenpeace-Executive-Director-Philip-Radford-to-Step-Down/|title=Greenpeace Executive Director Philip Radford to Step Down; Leaves legacy of corporate victories and organizational growth|publisher=[[Greenpeace USA]]|accessdate=2014-04-19|archivedate=2015-07-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703030435/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/media-center/news-releases/Greenpeace-Executive-Director-Philip-Radford-to-Step-Down/}}</ref> === Ụlọ nyocha ike na-aga n'ihu === Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Greenpeace, Radford weputara Progressive Power Lab, nke na-amalite ma na-ejikwa otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ ịkwaga ọtụtụ nde dollar na ndị mmadụ n'ime ihe na-aga n'ihu. Site na Lab Progressive Power Lab, Radford weputara Progressive Multiplier Fund, <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=American Non-Profit Academy|url=https://americannonprofitacademy.com/nonprofit-news/as-nonprofits-struggle-progressive-stimulus-will-back-fundraising-innovations/|title=As Nonprofits Struggle, "Progressive Stimulus" Will Back Fundraising Innovations|accessdate=2020-12-03|archivedate=January 16, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116082851/https://americannonprofitacademy.com/nonprofit-news/as-nonprofits-struggle-progressive-stimulus-will-back-fundraising-innovations/}}</ref> Membership Drive, onye nrụpụta Salesforce App <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[Skoll Foundation]]|url=https://skoll.org/contributor/philip-radford/|title=Philip Radford|date=January 28, 2014|accessdate=2020-12-03}}</ref> nke wuru ngwa gụnyere The Field, <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[Salesforce]]|url=https://appexchange.salesforce.com/appxListingDetail?listingId=a0N3A00000FMWTXUA5|title=The Field: Mapping, Routing, Geolocation, Territory Management, & Maps|accessdate=2020-12-03}}</ref> na Champion.us, onye na-enye ndụmọdụ maka obere ndị na-enye onyinye lekwasịrị anya na ochichi onye kwuo uche ya. na mgbanwe ihu igwe. <ref>{{Cite web|title=About CHAMPION|url=https://www.champion.us/about|accessdate=2022-12-01|work=www.champion.us|language=en-us|archivedate=2022-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201160241/https://www.champion.us/about}}</ref> == Ụlọ ọrụ na-emetụta == N'oge Radford nọ na Greenpeace, ozizi mgbanwe ya gbanwere site n'ile gọọmentị anya dị ka ndị na-ekpe ikpe n'etiti ọdịmma ọha na eze na ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi, na-achọpụta na ọtụtụ gọọmentị na-ejide ụlọ ọrụ.  Kama ịlụ ọgụ mbụ maka iwu ọhụrụ, nke ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike igbochi ya, o lekwasịrị anya n'ịrụgide nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ka ha gbanwee omume ha ma denye ha dị ka ndị mmekọ na ịkwado maka nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike.[1][2][3]  Ọmụmaatụ gụnyere mkpọsa Greenpeace nke mere ka Apple Inc. na ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ ndị ọzọ gbanwee gaa na 100% ume dị ọcha na ụlọ ime ụlọ na ndị na-achịkwa iji mee ka nke ahụ kwe omume, yana ịrụ ọrụ iji chebe ma oke ọhịa Indonesia na oke osimiri Bering.[4]  5]  Radford na-arụ ụka na nchikota nke ịmepụta ndị mmeri ụlọ ọrụ na "nrụgide n'èzí" lekwasịrị anya na gọọmentị bụ isi ihe na-enyefe iwu ọhụrụ iji chebe gburugburu ebe obibi.[1]  Agbanyeghị, Radford abụrụla onye isi olu na-akpọ maka United States ka ọ gafere mgbanwe ego mgbasa ozi ma kwanyere ikike ịtụ vootu America niile ka ọ gbanwee ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site na ụlọ ọrụ kwupụta ndị mmadụ wee mezuo “nkwa nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche America.”[6][7]  ] Radford rụrụ nnukwu ọrụ n'ọtụtụ atụmatụ iji mee ka ụlọ ọrụ dị ka Global Climate Coalition, Citigroup, Kimberley-Clark, [[Asia]] Pulp na Akwụkwọ, na ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ. === Njikọ ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ === . <ref name="RIP: Global Climate Coalition; Global Climate Coalition Ends Its Work; Voice for Industry Opposed Global Treaty">{{Cite web|publisher=The Heat is Online|url=http://www.heatisonline.org/contentserver/objecthandlers/index.cfm?id=3872&method=full|title=RIP: Global Climate Coalition; Global Climate Coalition Ends Its Work; Voice for Industry Opposed Global Treaty|accessdate=2013-08-26}}</ref>Radford jisiri ike ịgbasie ike nke mgbasa ozi nchụpụ / nchụpụ nke mba, [1] nke manyere Ford, General Motors, Texaco, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ ka ha inye nkwado nke Global Climate Coalition, nke na-agbasa ozi na-abụ ezi.  ịhụnanya okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ.  [2] N'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ ọma, GCC na ọrụ. === Kimberly-Clark === <ref name="Greenpeace and Kimberly-Clark Settle Feud">{{Cite news|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/05/greenpeace-and-kimberly-clark-settle-feud/?_r=0|title=Greenpeace and Kimberly-Clark Settle Feud|accessdate=2013-08-23|first=Leslie|author=Kaufman|date=August 5, 2009}}</ref>Radford lekwasịrị anya na mbọ mkpọ mkpị na ndu Kleercut na United States na, emesia, US niile nke mgbasa ozi zuru ụwa ọnụ mgbe ọ na-enye isi nri Greenpeace, [1] na-ezubere Kimberly-Clark maka ị nwere 22% nke pulp.  akwụkwọ ya sitere na Canada.  icon boreal nwere osisi ndị dị afụ 200. Mgbasa ozi ahụ ọkụ ọkụ aka na ome azụmahịa nke Kleenex, [2] ime ka na-abụ iri abụọ na abụọ mee ihe dị ka ịkagbu , [3] [4] na-ewebata ụlọ.  ọrụ 500 ka ha hụrụ Kimberly-Clark, ihe ụmụaka 1,000 nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, na Ọzọ.  [4] [5] N'August 5, 2009, Kimberly-Clark ፈለገ na ọ ga-ahụ 40% nke eriri akwụkwọ ya site na ngwaọrụ emepụtara ma ọ bụ isi ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ na-adigide - 71% site na ọkwa 2007  Ọchịchọ nke Kimberly-Clark mere maka eriri ọkụ na-adịgide ndụ ihe a na-enye, na-enyere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ aka ime ka ụlọ ọrụ na-akụ osisi kwenye ka ịrụ omume ha === Asia Pulp na Akwụkwọ === "Site na 2010 ruo 2013, Radford jisiri ike otu Greenpeace nke mere ka ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ US kagbuo. ha na Asia Pulp and Paper (APP) - ụlọ ọrụ mpempe akwụkwọ nke atọ n'ụwa [1] --emenye APP mụrụ ibibi ike oge  ochie.  [2] Greenpeace na ndị enyi ya nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ime ka ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ 100 diẹ APP kewaa njikọ ha na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, [3] oku Mattel, [4] Hasbro, [5] Lego, Kmart,  [6] IGA, Kroger, Food Lion, National Geographic, na Xerox.  [7] Mgbasa ozi ọzo APP beta ihe ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 80% nke US APP.  Na Febụwarị 5, 2013, Asia Pulp na mpempe akwụkwọ igbu igbu osisi nke na-echebe oke ndị Indonesian.  [8] N'ịrụtụ aka na mmeri ahụ, onye nta akwụkwọ New York Times Andrew Revkin ji mpempe akwụkwọ kpọsaa asị ahụ: "Mmempụ na Kasị Mma: Greenpeace's Push to Stop the Pulping of Rainforests <ref name="dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com">{{Cite news|url=http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/08/activism-at-its-best-greenpeaces-push-to-stop-the-pulping-of-rain-forests/|title=Activism at Its Best: Greenpeace's Push to Stop the Pulping of Rain Forests|accessdate=2013-07-19|work=[[The New York Times]]|first=Andrew C.|author=Revkin|date=February 8, 2013}}</ref> === Ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ === Na Metro 21, 2011, Greenpeace weputara ihe na-mpụtapụta data data, nke riri ihe 2% nke ọkụ eletrik zuru ụwa yana ego a ruru anya ihe.  Radford kwuru na "anyị na-enwe ike na mgbawa ọhụrụ a na-eji ọkụ eletrik nwere ike igbachi anyị n'ime ochie, na-emetọ ike ike kama ike dị ọcha taa."  [1] Business Insider kọrọ na mgbe Greenpeace USA mgbasa ozi mgbasa, "ndị ndú dị ka Apple, Google, Facebook na Salesforce ekwela nkwa na ha ga-eji ume ọhụrụ mee ka ụlọ ọrụ ha nwee ume ọhụrụ, nkwa nke dugara Duke Energy  , nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ike mba na otu n'ime ha. Ndị na-ebupụta CO2 mgbasa mma, inye ume dị ọcha iji merie ha." === Ikpọkpọsị osisi === . N'afọ 2014, igbukpọsị oke ndị na Indonesia, nke na-akpata 0.1% nke elu ụwa, agba 4% nke mmetọ okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ.  Otu n'ime ndị bụ isi na-akpata igbutu osisi bụ ikpochapụ oke ike iji too ubi nkwụ.  [1] N'okpuru Radford, ndị Greenpeace USA otu kwenye Procter & Gamble, Colgate Palmolive, Mondelez, na ndị ọzọ isi ụlọ ọrụ na-achọ na-adịgide adịgide toro nkwụ === Nnukwu ụlọ ahịa US === N'okpuru Radford, GreenPeace gbara na-ezubere agbụ ụlọ iji mee ka ha kwenye ka ha iwu ire azụ̀ ndị na-eyi egwu, nakwere nri nri mmiri na-adigide, yana ọnụ ụlọ maka atumatu dị ka nchekwa mmiri iji chebe oke  osimiri.  Nri dum, Safeway Inc., Wegmans, Target, Harris Teeter, Meijer, na Kroger me ejikọta atumatu ihe oriri n'oké osimiri;  [1] [2] [3] Trader Joe's, Aldi, Costco, Target Corporation, na A&P emebiwo nke ukwuu azụ ndị na-eyi egwu na-ere;  Nri dum, Safeway Inc., Trader Joe's, Walmart, na Hy-Vee webatara tuna tuna mkpọ na-adịgide adịgide;  [4] na Wegmans, Whole Foods, Safeway Inc., Target, na Trader Joe's agbaala mbọ maka atumatu oke osimiri siri ike, dị ka ichebe sere Ross na Bering Sea Canyons dị ka nchekwa mmirika. . <ref name="Environmental Leader">{{Cite web|publisher=Environmental Leader|url=http://www.environmentalleader.com/2013/05/31/whole-foods-safeway-trader-joes-top-sustainable-seafood-list/|title=Whole Foods, Safeway, Trader Joe's Top Sustainable Seafood List|date=May 31, 2013|accessdate=2013-09-02|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124112/http://www.environmentalleader.com/2013/05/31/whole-foods-safeway-trader-joes-top-sustainable-seafood-list/}}</ref> <ref name="Carting Away the Oceans 7">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/Global/usa/planet3/PDFs/oceans/CATO%20VII.pdf|title=Carting Away the Oceans 7|publisher=[[Greenpeace]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021051042/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/Global/usa/planet3/PDFs/oceans/CATO%20VII.pdf|archivedate=October 21, 2013|accessdate=2013-09-02}}</ref> <ref name="Where to Buy the Best Fish">{{Cite web|publisher=Rodale News|url=http://www.rodalenews.com/where-buy-fish|title=Where to Buy the Best Fish|accessdate=2013-09-02|archivedate=September 12, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912111830/http://www.rodalenews.com/where-buy-fish}}</ref> * " [http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/may/7/peace-as-the-greenpeace-way/ Udo dị ka Greenpeace Way] " Mee 7, 2009, ''Washington Times'' * " [https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205559/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/12/09/banking_on_coal Ịkụba akụ na Coal; Gịnị mere Banklọ akụ Ụwa ji na-enye nkwado otu n'ime mmanụ ọkụ kacha ruru unyi n'ụwa?] Archived </link> ", Disemba 9, 2009, ''amụma mba ofesi'' * " [http://grist.org/article/2010-05-17-nestle-to-save-orangutans-tropical-forests-and-our-climate/ Nestle iji chekwaa orangutan, oke ohia, na ihu igwe anyị] ", Mee 18, 2010, ''Grist'' * " [https://web.archive.org/web/20131102075245/http://www.yesmagazine.org/people-power/we-need-your-ideas-a-call-for-direct-action-in-the-climate-movement Oku maka ime ihe ozugbo na mmegharị ihu igwe", Phil Radford] Archived <nowiki></link></nowiki> , Bill McKibben, Rebecca Tarbotton, Septemba 8, 2010, <nowiki><i id="mwAVo">Ee</i></nowiki> ''!'' * " [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/philip-radford/obama-tar-sands-keystone-pipeline_b_940617.html Ìhè na-enwu na mkpebi Obama's Tar Sands Pipeline", Phil Radford na] Daryl Hannah, Septemba 29, 2011, ''Huffington Post'' * " [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/philip-radford/if-you-want-to-breathe-cl_b_3600018.html Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ iku ume ikuku dị ọcha, mgbanwe mgbanwe Senate na okwu ochichi onye kwuo uche] ", Julaị 15, 2013, ''Huffington Post'' * " [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/philip-radford/the-environmental-case-fo_b_2876324.html Okwu gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi maka ụzọ nke ịbụ nwa amaala] ", Maachị 14, 2013, ''Huffington Post'' * " [http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/25/opinion/radford-ruffalo-natural-gas-fracking Ekwela ka America kewaa"], Phil Radford na Mark Ruffalo, Eprel 25, 2013 CNN.com * " [http://grist.org/article/how-shell-is-trying-to-send-a-chill-through-activist-groups-across-the-country/ Otu Shell si agba mbọ izipu oyi site na otu ndị na-eme ihe ike n'ofe mba ahụ", Phil Radford na] Benjamin Jealous June 17, 2013, Grist.org * " [https://www.philanthropy.com/article/A-Philanthropic-Stimulus-Plan/248265 Atụmatụ mkpali mmụọ maka ịkwado ndị anaghị akwụ ụgwọ"], Phil Radford, Gara LaMarche, na Sonal Shah, Maachị 2020, ''Chronicle of Philanthropy'' == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Aha]] rfg90eg7h4l8l2jz4m3rx1nnjj3jaak 0 41259 628599 159014 2026-04-01T21:30:14Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Fixed reference errors 628599 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;" |Havasu Creek |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:2008-04-20-hav-creek-4021.jpg|250x250px]]<div class="infobox-caption">[[Travertine]] formations</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe height="240" frameless="1" align="center" width="290">{"properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#cc0000","title":"Havasu Creek"},"type":"ExternalData","title":"Havasu Creek (AZ).map","service":"page"}</mapframe> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[Usòrò:USA_Arizona_relief_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage|308x308px|Havasu Creek is located in Arizona]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:16.004%;left:35.525%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[Usòrò:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage|8x8px|Havasu Creek]]</div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of the mouth of Havasu Creek in Arizona</div></div></div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Etymology | class="infobox-data" |''ha'' "water" + ''vasu'' "blue-green" |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;" |Location |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Country | class="infobox-data" |[[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |State | class="infobox-data" |[[Arizona]] |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Coconino |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;" |Physical&nbsp;characteristics |- style="display:none;" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Source | class="infobox-data" |Havasupai Indian Reservation |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span style="font-weight:normal">&nbsp;&#x2022;&nbsp;location</span> | class="infobox-data" |Havasu Springs |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span style="font-weight:normal">&nbsp;&#x2022;&nbsp;coordinates</span> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Havasu_Creek&params=36_13_00_N_112_41_13_W_ <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°13′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">112°41′13″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.21667°N 112.68694°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">36.21667; -112.68694</span></span></span>]</span></span><ref name="gnis" > |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span style="font-weight:normal">&nbsp;&#x2022;&nbsp;elevation</span> | class="infobox-data" |3,260&nbsp;ft (990&nbsp;m) |- style="display:none" | colspan="2" | |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mouth | class="infobox-data" |Colorado River |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal">&nbsp;&#x2022;&nbsp;location</div> | class="infobox-data" |Havasu Rapids, Grand Canyon |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal">&nbsp;&#x2022;&nbsp;coordinates</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Havasu_Creek&params=36_18_28_N_112_45_43_W_type:river <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°18′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">112°45′43″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.30778°N 112.76194°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">36.30778; -112.76194</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Havasu_Creek&params=36_18_28_N_112_45_43_W_type:river <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°18′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">112°45′43″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.30778°N 112.76194°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">36.30778; -112.76194</span></span></span>]</span></span></indicator> |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal">&nbsp;&#x2022;&nbsp;elevation</div> | class="infobox-data" |2,093&nbsp;ft (638&nbsp;m)<ref name="gnis" /> |- style="display:none;" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Discharge | class="infobox-data" |  |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span style="font-weight:normal">&nbsp;&#x2022;&nbsp;minimum</span> | class="infobox-data" |1&nbsp;cu&nbsp;ft/s (0.028&nbsp;m³/s) |- style="display:none" | colspan="2" | |} Havasu Creek bụ iyi dị na steeti Arizona nke US na ndị Havasupai .  Ọ bụ ụtụ isi na Colorado, nke ọ na-abanye na Grand Canyon . == Usoro iyi na atụmatụ == <ref name="watersheedrpttwo">{{Cite journal|date=2010-06-01|title=Havasu Canyon Watershed Rapid Watershed Assessment Report|url=https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs144p2_064903.pdf|pages=S1P2, S2P1}}</ref>Havasu Creek bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke abụọ na-eguzo na Colorado na Grand Canyon National Park.  [1] Ebe a na-ekpofu mmiri maka Havasu Creek dị ihe dị ka 3,000 square miles (7,800 km2 Ɔ-akpọ obodo Williams, Arizona, na Grand Canyon Village. Havasu Creek na-amalite n'elu akara ọwa mmiri dị ka obere mkpọda nke snow na-agbapụ na mmiri ozuzo.  Mmiri a na-aga na mbara ekiri dị n'elu ọwa ahụ maka ihe dị ka 50 miles (80 km) ruo mgbe ọ ebe Cataract Canyon (nke a dị ka Canyon Havasu).  Ọ na-erute Havasu Springs, bụ ebe isi iyi dị n'okpuru ala na-azụ mmiri ahụ.  Enwere ike ime mmiri a site n'ịga n'elu mmiri mgbe mbụ a ga-ezute mmiri ahụ.  Mmiri Dị iche site na ala seventies n'oge ọkara nke afọ, na etiti-fifties na oyi.  [1] [2] A maara mmiri ahụ nke ọma maka agba soro-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ụdị travertine iche.  Nke a bụ n'ihi nnukwu calcium carbonate dị n'ime mmiri nke kpụrụkpụrụ nzu nke na-akpa n'ọwa mmiri ahụ ma na-agbara agba ya nke ukwuu.  Nke a na-a- mmiri mmiri mmiri ahụ ihe na-ebempaka, ebe ọ na-agbanwe mgbe niile.  Nke a na-eme n'ihi na ihe ọ llala na-adaba na iyi ahụ na-eme ka ọ dị ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ ọhụrụ na- agbanwe na mmiri.  Nke a na-eme ka mmiri iyi ahụ ikike ikike ka otu afụ site n'otu awụ gaa n'ọzọ.  ahụ ahụ na-agafe n'ime obodo Supai, ma ọ na-ahọba na Colorado === Mmiri mmiri === ==== Navajo Falls ==== [[Usòrò:Dry_navajo_falls.JPG|thumb| Navajo Falls kpọrọ nkụ, mgbe mmiri nke Ọgọst 2008 tụgharịrị iyi gburugburu ebe ọdịda ahụ.]] Ruo n'August 2008 idei mmiri, Navajo Falls bụ mmiri mmiri mbụ ama na ọwa mmiri ahụ.  Akpọrọ ha aha otu agadi Supai.  Ọ dị 1.25 miles (2 km) site na Supai ma na-enweta ya site n'okporo ụzọ dị n'ụdị aka ekpe (n'ụdị aka nri mgbe ị na-aga elu) nke isi nzọ ụkwụ.  Ụzọ n'ụdị na-eduga n'ọwa mmiri ahụ, ebe ekiri àkwà mmiri siri ike nke na-agafe n'osimiri ahụ.  Ụzọ naeduga azụ n'ime osisi, ebe ịhụnanya mmiri na ahụ dị.  Ọdọ mmiri a na-ewu ewu makapụ ya na mfe igwu mmiri.  Ọdịda ndị ahụ dị ihe dịka 70 feet (21 m) ogologo na nke nwere shọtụ mmiri dị iche iche, nke bụ isi dị n'ụdị aka nri ebe mmiri ahụ gbadara n'ugwu nta ahụ.  N'aka ekpe nke isi chute e nwere ndị ọzọ pere mpe bụ ndị srarịrị elu na kwụpụtakwuo.  Enwere ebe ole na ole ike ịwụ elu ugwu, ọ bụ ebe na ị ịhụ anya dị mkpa. N’August 2008, idei mmirika na Navajo Falls kpam kpam.  Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times si kwuo N'agbanyeghị akụkọ mbụ a, saịtị nke ọdịda ka dị; Mslide a tụgharịrị n'ụzọ Havasu Creek. <ref name="havasupaifalls.net">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130207154324/http://www.havasupaifalls.net/navajo.html Havasupai Falls net: Navajo Falls]</ref> Mmiri mmiri a, nke a na-akpọkwa Upper Navajo Falls, bịara bụrụ nke a ma ama na iju mmiri nke 2008 nke gafere Navajo Falls, ma ugbu a ọ bụ mmiri mmiri mbụ na ndagwurugwu ahụ. Ọdịda ndị ahụ dị ihe dịka 50 feet (15 m) ogologo na daba n'ime ọdọ mmiri nkume. <ref name="WWDB2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldwaterfalldatabase.com/index.php/waterfall/Fiftyfoot-Falls-14197|title=World Waterfall Database – Fiftyfoot Falls|accessdate=16 September 2019}}</ref> <ref name="USGS">{{Cite web|url=https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq:3:0::NO::P3_FID:12004|title=GNIS Detail – Fiftyfoot Falls|date=2019-09-16|work=USGS}}</ref> N'ịbụ nke a maara dị ka Supai Falls, mmiri mmiri a bụ mmiri mmiri na-adịghị akwụsi ike na Havasu Canyon kemgbe 1885, na-apụ n'anya ma na-apụtakwa ugboro ugboro. Mpụtaghachi nke kacha ọhụrụ bụ na 1970. <ref name="USGSFlood37">{{Cite web|url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/wri96-4059/pdf/WRIR96-4059.pdf|title=When the Blue-Green Waters Turn Red: Historical Flooding in Havasu Creek, Arizona|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|date=1996|accessdate=24 September 2014|author=Melis, Phillips, Webb and Bills|pages=37}}</ref> Mooney Falls bụ isi mmiri mmiri nke anọ na ọdụ mmiri ahụ.  Akpọrọ ya aha DW "James" Mooney, onye na-egwuputa ihe, onye na 1882 - dị ka ndị enyi ya si kwuo - igwu ala ebe dị nso na Havasu Falls maka mineral.  Ndị otu ahụ ahụ wee ahụmahụ Mooney Falls.  Otu n'ime ndị enyi ya asị ahụ, ya mere James Mooney ike ịgbakọ ịrịgo n'elu ike ahụ na onye ibe ya kegidere ya n'azụ, ma ike daa n'ahụ ya.  Falls ahụ dị 2.25 miles (3.6 km) site na Supai, iwu akwụkwọ ndị mara .  Ụzọ na ahụ-eduga n'elu ike, ebe e nwere ebe ebe / foto nke na-ele anya 210-foot (64 m) akara ọwa mmiri nke mmiri mmiri ahụ na-adaba.  Iji mma na ala nke ike na ɔdɔ mmiri ya, a anti mgbada dị egwu na nke dị ize ndụ.  Oke akwụkwọ na ezi uche maka ndị agha ndị;  a na-ahụre ya nke ukwuu na e ahụmahụ ya mgbe ihu igwe na/ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ adịghị mma.<gallery widths="230px" heights="200px" perrow="3"> Usòrò:2008-04-06-hav-mooney-1043.jpg|alt=Mooney Falls in the morning|Mooney dara n'ụtụ Usòrò:Navajo_Falls1.jpg|alt=Navajo Falls before the flood|Navajo dara tupu iju mmiri ahụ Usòrò:Havasu_Falls_at_Night.jpg|alt=Havasu Falls at night, before 2008 flash flood|Havasu dara n'iji, tupu 2008 iju mmirika Usòrò:Mooney_Falls,_Arizona,_2006.jpg|Mooney Falls Usòrò:2008-04-05-hav-beaver0890.jpg|Beaver Falls Usòrò:Havasu_Falls_Winter.JPG|alt=Havasu Falls prior to 2008 flash flood|Falls Havasu tupu iju mmiri 2008 Usòrò:Havasu_Creek_Grand_Canyon_2020.jpg|alt=Oblique air photo of the canyon of Havasu Creek flowing into the Colorado River in the foreground|Foto ikuku oblique nke mmiri mmiri nke Havasu Creek na-ahọba na nọrọ Colorado n'ihu </gallery> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.theofficialhavasupaitribe.com/ Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị nke ebo Havasupai] {{Rivers and streams of Arizona}} [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] a0rh0vs9kyyhqmhgrxrdf6tzz03ejqq 0 41279 628598 159037 2026-04-01T21:27:07Z Edozie Ojekwe 24584 Fixed Reference error 628598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Olla_común,_población_La_Victoria._Agosto_de_1984.jpg|thumb| Olla común na Santiago de Chile na August 1984. Foto nke Paulo Slachevsky.]] '''{{Lang|es|Olla común}}''' ( ''ite nkịtị'' ), a na-akpọkwa '''{{Lang|es|olla popular}}'''</link> ( ''ite a ma ama'' ), bụ ihe atụ nke nsonye obodo n'etiti ndị agbata obi na ndị bi na-achọ idozi mkpa bụ isi nke iri nri. Ọ dị nnọọ ka kichin ofe, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere njirimara nke onwe ya na nke onwe ya. A na-emepụta ọgbakọ ollas n'ụzọ dị iche iche: ịnakọta nri n'etiti ndị agbata obi ma ọ bụ site na nchịkọta ego n'ụlọ ụka, parish na agbata obi iji zụta nri. A mụrụ ha n'ime ọnọdụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke ịda ogbenye na enweghị ọrụ, dị ka òtù ndị na-eri nri <ref>{{Cite book|author=Hardy|first=Clarisa|title=Organizarse para vivir: pobreza urbana y organización popular}}</ref> ma ọ bụ "mkpakọrịta micro-ewu ewu nke mepụtara iji gboo mkpa bụ isi na arụ ọrụ", agụụ. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Taller de acción cultural, colección "Rescate de la memoria histórica" - "Amasando el pan y la vida"|year=1994|location=Santiago}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Nnukwu ịda mbà n'obi === Oké ịda mbà n'obi kpatara nsogbu akụ̀ na ụba siri ike n'etiti 1930 na 1932, na-emetụta nnupụsị nnu na ọla kọpa, nke mere e ji were ya dị ka mba kachasị emetụta nsogbu ahụ. <ref name="MCH">{{Cite web|url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/temas/index.asp?id_ut=elimpactodelagrandpresioenchile(1929-1932)|title=El impacto de la Gran Depresión en Chile: De la prosperidad a la pobreza|work=[[Memoria Chilena]]|accessdate=19 October 2015}}</ref> Nsogbu akụ na ụba ahụ mụbara ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-enweghị ọrụ ma kpata ịkwaga ndị na-egwuputa nitrate na-enweghị ọrụ si n'ebe ugwu Chile gaa n'isi obodo, Santiago . N'ihi nchụpụ ndị ọrụ nitrate, ite ndị nkịtị mụbara n'isi obodo obodo ahụ, ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi malitere ibi n'ọgba dị n'ugwu ndị gbara obodo ahụ gburugburu. <ref name="MCH" /> === Ntughari na 1980s === Mmezu nke usoro neoliberal na usoro ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ nke ọchịchị aka ike nke ndị agha, kwere nkwa ọganihu akụ na ụba na ọnụ ahịa mmụba nke ụgwọ mba ọzọ, nke a na-akpọ "Ọrụ ebube nke Chile". N'agbanyeghị ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a pụtara ìhè, ngalaba ndị a ma ama dị n'ụdị "ụwa yiri ya" ebe ọ bụ na enweghị ọrụ, nke ruru 30% site na 1983, mbelata dị ịrịba ama na ikike ịzụrụ ihe, mkpochapụ nke ụlọ na mgbochi mmegide nke ndị mmadụ na-ata, gosiri., n'ụzọ ụfọdụ, ime ihe ike na nkewapụ anya nke usoro nke na-ewu ma na-akwado onwe ya site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-egosipụta "ọganihu akụ na ụba" pụtara ìhè. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Meller, p|title=Un siglo de economía política en Chile (1810-1990)|year=2007|location=Santiago}}</ref> === Ọgbaghara covid-19 === Na 2021, olla comúnes mụbara n'ọtụtụ mba Latin America na ụwa n'ihi mmụba nke ịda ogbenye na ya mere ụnwụ nri, n'ihi ihe mgbochi ndị gọọmentị mere iji gbochie mgbasa nke COVID-19 . Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ ruo ọnwa ole na ole n'ihi usoro mmachi ahụ, ebe a chụrụ n'ọrụ ma ọ bụ tụfuo azụmahịa ha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/es/20200805-chile-regreso-ollas-comunales-solidaridad-crisis-pandemia|title=Las ollas comunes aportan el único alimento para miles de chilenos durante la pandemia|accessdate=16 August 2020|date=5 August 2020|work=France 24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://coprofam.org/2020/04/21/los-paraguayos-combaten-el-hambre-durante-la-cuarentena-total-con-olla-popular/|title=Paraguayos combaten el hambre durante la cuarentena total con olla popular – COPROFAM|accessdate=16 August 2020|language=es}}</ref> == Edensibia == ya mere ụnwụ nri, n'ihi ihe mgbochi ndị gọọmentị mere iji gbochie mgbasa nke COVID-19 . Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ ruo ijbhbb1gzveu9vd0ymdk7jnd8zgsvrz 0 41345 628618 159110 2026-04-01T22:53:15Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628618 wikitext text/x-wiki Putuidem ( Acjachemen : "afọ" ma ọ bụ "otubo"), [1] ikwu ụzo Putuidhem ma ọ bụ Putuidhem, [2] [3] bụ nnukwu obodo nke ndị Acjachemen, nke a na-adị ka Juaneño ndidi ha kwagara na Mission  San Juan.  Capistrano.  [4] Putuidem bụ obodo nne, obodo nke mebere obodo ndị ọzọ nke ebo ahụ.<ref name="lat">{{Cite web|title=New Church-Indian Divide|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-nov-27-ed-indian27-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=January 12, 2021|date=November 27, 2002}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Loewe|first=Ronald|title=Of Sacred Lands and Strip Malls: The Battle for Puvungna|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2016|isbn=978-0759121621|pages=137}}</ref>Saịtị a dị na San Juan Capistrano, California dị nso na Interstate 5, ihe dị ka maịl n'ebe ugwu nke ozi ahụ. A na-eli ya ugbu a n'okpuru ebe egwuregwu na ebe a na-eme nka nke Junipero Serra Catholic High School, nke iwu site na nkwado obodo na 2003 mgbe ahụ na ikpe iji ike ya. <ref name=":1" >{{Cite book|author=Lewinnek|first=Elaine|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1226813397|title=A people's guide to Orange County|date=2022|others=Gustavo Arellano, Thuy Vo Dang|isbn=978-0-520-97155-4|location=Oakland, California|pages=158|oclc=1226813397}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Leopo|first=Julie|date=2020-10-12|title=Leopo: A Time to Reflect, Recognize Local Indigenous History|url=http://voiceofoc.org/2020/10/leopo-a-time-to-reflect-recognize-local-indigenous-history/|accessdate=2022-12-12|work=Voice of OC|language=en-US}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ụmụ amaala === Obodo a na-ọdụ ala n'ebe mmiri dị, ma hiwere ya site n'aka Chief Oyaison, bụkwakwara Oyison, onye na- Sejat mgbe oke mmiri ozuzo, na ada ya ekiri Coronne.  [1] N'imekpọ obodo ahụ, Coronne duuru njem gaa n'otu mmiri, dị nso na njikọ nke Oso Creek na Trabuco Creek .  Coronne gburu na ike ma ahụ ya onyonyo mkpọda ala.  Ndị ahụ na-eru uju la ike na Putuidem wee hie Ụra n'ụdị pyramid, nke a na-akpọ acjachema, nke nyere ndị Acjachemen aha ha.  [2] Coronne, onye nwere ego n'otubo ya, nyere obodo ahụ aha ya<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|author=O'Neil|first=Stephen|date=1980|title=Notes on Historical Juaneno Villages and Geographical Features|url=https://docplayer.net/220219100-Uc-merced-journal-of-california-and-great-basin-anthropology.html|journal=UC Merced Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology|volume=2|issue=2|pages=226–232}}</ref> N'otu akwụkwọ na-ehota Gerónimo Boscana, a na-ekwu na obodo "emesịa chịrị onye ikwu a na-akpọ Choqual bụ onye chịrị Atoum-pumcaxque " (obodo dị nso nke Acjacheme ).  [1] [2] Putuidem dị n'elu ugwu site na obodo Toovunga dị n'egwu osimiri na mgbada site na obodo nta nke Alume (site na Trabuco Creek ), Sajavit (site na San Juan Creek ), Piwiva (site na  San Juan Creek), na Huumai (saịtị na San Juan Creek).<ref name=":5" /> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Martínez|first=Roberta H.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/402526696|title=Latinos in Pasadena|date=2009|publisher=Arcadia|isbn=978-0-7385-6955-0|location=Charleston, SC|pages=10|oclc=402526696}}</ref> === Oge ozi === Na 1776, e wuru Mission San Juan Capistrano n'ụdị Putuidem yana obodo Ahachmai dị nso, nke obodo nta ahụ nke ukwuu, na ọnụ ọgụgụ ya iji jee ozi ahụ.  N'oge na-akpa anya obodo bịara gwụchaa n'ihi nke ndị Europe.  N'otu oge ahụ, ozi ahụ ma tolite, na 383 tụbara site na 1783, ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwere ike ịbụ na Putuidem, na 741 tụ tụụrụ site na 1790.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Golla|first=Victor|title=California Indian Languages|publisher=Univ of California Press|year=2022|isbn=9780520389670|pages=180}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rtw0A96vxksC|title=The Hypotrochanteric Fossa of the Femur (with 14 Plates)|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|year=1934|pages=57–60}}</ref> <ref name=":6">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/647873186|title=Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico. Volume III, N to S|date=2003|publisher=Digital Scanning|others=Frederick Webb Hodge|isbn=978-1-58218-755-6|location=Scituate, MA|pages=445–446|oclc=647873186}}</ref>Ndị tụ tụ na nso nso a ma ọ bụ neophytes nwere ọrụ ka ukwuu na ozi ahụ, na-elekọta anụ ụlọ na ihe mmetụta.  Mgbe apụ ndụ nke ihe owuwu ebube, e dechara ụlọ ụka nkume na ozi ahụ na 1806, nke nwere ụlọ elu dị elu na nkume ise dị n'ime ime "akwa niile nke neophytes."  [1] Ka ọ na-erule 1810, na-abụ neophytes 1,138, na-arrị elu na 1,361 na 1812, ma na-agbada ma emesịa.  Ebibiri ụlọ ụka nkume na 1812 San Juan Capistrano ala ọma jijiji, nke gburugburu ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị obodo 50 na-aga ọhụrụ.  Mgbe e mechachara ozi ahụ n’ụwa n’afọ 183, e mewo ikike nke ndị obodo 4,317 baputiziiz n’ozi ahụ, 1,689 n’ime ha bụ ndị okenye na 2,628 n’ime ha bụ iwu.  Ozi ndị die na ozi ahụ bụ 3,158.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị lanarịrị oge ozi ahụ biri na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu === Ọrụ Amerịka === <ref name=":4">{{Cite book|author=Gottlieb|first=Alma|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639|title=The restless anthropologist : new fieldsites, new visions|date=2012|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-30497-7|location=Chicago|pages=63–65|oclc=780446639}}</ref>Na 1933, ekwuru na mmiri Putuidem dị nso, nke ndị Spanish na-akpọ El Aguagito ma ọ bụ El Aguajito nwere ike ịhụ 0.8 kilomita n'ebe ugwu nke Highway 101 n'otu ebe otu osisi Sycamore ochie guzoro.  [1] Ọ bụ Aaron Buchheim nwe ala ahụ na 1933, onye nwa ya rere ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ Junipero Serra.  Ihe dị ka ụmụ obere ise nke ndị obodo ahụ́ na-ebi na mpaghara San Juan Capistrano. <ref name=":4">{{Cite book|author=Gottlieb|first=Alma|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639|title=The restless anthropologist : new fieldsites, new visions|date=2012|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-30497-7|location=Chicago|pages=63–65|oclc=780446639}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGottlieb2012">Gottlieb, Alma (2012). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639 ''The restless anthropologist : new fieldsites, new visions'']. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp.&nbsp;63–65. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-0-226-30497-7|<bdi>978-0-226-30497-7</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (ihe nchọpụta)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639 780446639].</cite></ref>Ihe ọmụmụ nke olili emume na ozu ozu, ihe ndị dị nsò, ugo ọla edo na akpụkpọ condor, nke eji eji na nke dị nsò na Chinigchinich, ka a pụta n'ime ala dị n'obodo ahụ.  Ọkakà ihe ochie mere ememme na e lili àmà na gburugburu Putuidem, ebe saịtị ndị ọtụtụ puku awụ toro eto dị nso na isi iyi dị nsasị nke obodo ahụ.  [1] ==== Olili ozu n'okpuru Junipero Serra Catholic High School ==== Marc Spizziri, onye na-ere aha Toyota Niguel Laguna Niguel, na Timothy Busch, onye ọka iwu ụtụ isi nke Irvine, bụ onye na-arụkọ ọrụ na nso ụlọ akwụkwọ St. Anne dị nso, tụpụtara ụlọ akwụkwọ ndụ iji jee ozi  na South Orange County na 1998. [1] Mgbe mgbe iji nwetara ebe mbụ dara, ha mgbaàmà nke na Junipero Serra Road, nke ha mara na ọ bụ ihe dị nsasị nye ndị Acjachemen.  [1] Ha zutere onye ndu ebo David Belardes, onye mmetụtara dị ka MLD (nke ibi ka ọ bụ nwa) maka ọrụ ahụ, ihe achọrọ n'okpuru iwu steeti California.  Ọkà ọmụmụ ndị Alma Gottlieb kọrọ na Belardes agwala ya na ọ tụfuru ọtụtụ agha amụ ruo ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ma hapụkwa imegide .<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|author=Gottlieb|first=Alma|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639|title=The restless anthropologist : new fieldsites, new visions|date=2012|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-30497-7|location=Chicago|pages=63–65|oclc=780446639}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGottlieb2012">Gottlieb, Alma (2012). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639 ''The restless anthropologist : new fieldsites, new visions'']. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp.&nbsp;63–65. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-0-226-30497-7|<bdi>978-0-226-30497-7</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (ihe nchọpụta)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639 780446639].</cite></ref> <ref name="lat2002">{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-sep-16-me-schoolsite16-story.html6|title=Tug Over Indian Burial Site Escalates|first=Claire|author=Luna|work=Los Angeles Times|date=September 16, 2002|accessdate=2023-10-12}}</ref>Belardes duuru ndị kacha nta n'ime otu Acjachemen atɔ, Otú ọ dị, na otu abụọ buru ibu, nke Damien Shilo na Sonia Johnston duziri, eserese ahụ, na-achọ ka edobere ala ahụ maka ebe omenala.  [1] Ha hiwere otu njikọ mara dị ka mmiri nke Capistrano, nke ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị bi na mgbochi condominium gbara agbata obi lub.  [1] Patricia Martz, onye prọfesọ na Mahadum California State, Los Angeles bụ onye sonyeere mmegide ahụ, mere akwụkwọ na a ga-eli ozu 175 na saịtị ahụ.  Ndị ọzọ, Otú ọ dị, dị ka ọkachamara ihe ochie nke obodo Henry Koerper na Cypress College, na-enwe obi abụọ na ndị ahụ, na-ahụta na ọ bụ nanị ebe asaa ili ozu ka mkpọsa <ref name=":4" />A gbara akwụkwọ ikpe abụọ, ndị mmegide ịgbakwara ịme egwuregwu aka n'ihu ọha na ọrụ ahụ, mana ha enwetaghị mbinye aka zuru oke, obodo mechara kwenye ka e wuo ụlọ ahụ, ụlọ egwuregwu, na akwụkwọ nka.  [1] [2] [3] Owuwu onu na 2003 maka ike dị ukwuu.  Enwere ike na ikike ihe ndị ọzọ na ihe ndị nna ochie n'oge a na-arụ ọrụ ma lie ya n'ebe Belardes mara.  [4] [5] Ndị Acjachemen ndị na-ekiri mere ma hazie ka ha ihe owuwu tupu na mgbe a na-ewu ya.  [6] Ụmụ amaala California ndị ọzọ, ndị agha ndị Tongva, MeXica (ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Mexico) na ndị na-akwado Aztlán si Santa Ana, yana ndị Mexico kwabatara na obodo dị nso bịara na-anya . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Elsanadi|first=Michael|title=Is Our Gym Haunted?|url=https://www.jserra.org/uploaded/News/Paw_Print/Paw_Print_-_October_2014.pdf|work=JSerra.org|accessdate=January 12, 2021}}</ref>Ndị nkatọ nke Signere na a ga-akpọ ụlọ akwụkwọ aha Junípero Serra, onye otu ozi mpaghara ahụ nke butere ndị bi n'obodo Putuidem.  [1] Ndị nkatọ ndị ọzọ akpọọla ahụ ihe ndọtị nke America wepụrụ ndị amaala na mkpochapụ omenala Acjachemen.  [2] akwụkwọ akwụkwọ n'onwe ya ekwo ihe mere eme nke saịtị na akwụkwọ ụmụ akwụkwọ ha, The Paw Print .  Ndị na-elekọta ụlọ akwụkwọ kwuru na ha mmemme paranormal na akwụkwọ ahụ Na 2015, ndị Acjachemen na obodo San Juan Capistrano malitere ịrụ ọrụ iji wuo ogige acre 1.3 n'ebe ugwu nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ ga-egosipụta ihe oyiyi Coronne, obere ihe nkiri amphitheater, ụlọ ụdị omenala, ihe ngosi nkọwa, na ebe omenala. Agbanyeghị, na 2019, enwere nchegbu ma ọ bụrụ na a ga-ewu ogige ahụ. <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|author=Lewinnek|first=Elaine|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1226813397|title=A people's guide to Orange County|date=2022|others=Gustavo Arellano, Thuy Vo Dang|isbn=978-0-520-97155-4|location=Oakland, California|pages=158|oclc=1226813397}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLewinnek2022">Lewinnek, Elaine (2022). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1226813397 ''A people's guide to Orange County'']. Gustavo Arellano, Thuy Vo Dang. Oakland, California. p.&nbsp;158. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-0-520-97155-4|<bdi>978-0-520-97155-4</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (ihe nchọpụta)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1226813397 1226813397].</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Àtụ:Cite book|cite book]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([[Atiri:CS1 isi: ebe na-efu onye nkwusa|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher]]</ref> N'ọgwụgwụ 2021, emepere ogige ahụ mgbe ọtụtụ igbu oge gasịrị ma depụta ya dị ka ''Obodo nta nke Putuidem'' . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2021-12-04|title=Putuidem Village recognizing San Juan Capistrano's first people opens after years of delay|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2021/12/03/putuidem-village-recognizing-san-juan-capistranos-first-people-opens-after-years-of-delay|accessdate=2022-12-11|work=Orange County Register|language=en-US}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ụmụ amaala California * California ozi esemokwu nke omenala * [[M na-eme ihe|Acjacheme]] * [[Ahunx]] * [[Alume|Alauna]] * Genga * Ntụk * Lupukngna * Moyongna * Pajbenga * [[Panhe]] * Puhú * Piwiva * Totpavit == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1nmeaam6x8jxynhwzxk8s4cmhtcdv8u 628619 628618 2026-04-01T23:02:08Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628619 wikitext text/x-wiki Putuidem ( Acjachemen : "afọ" ma ọ bụ "otubo"), [1] ikwu ụzo Putuidhem ma ọ bụ Putuidhem, [2] [3] bụ nnukwu obodo nke ndị Acjachemen, nke a na-adị ka Juaneño ndidi ha kwagara na Mission  San Juan.  Capistrano.  [4] Putuidem bụ obodo nne, obodo nke mebere obodo ndị ọzọ nke ebo ahụ.<ref name="lat">{{Cite web|title=New Church-Indian Divide|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-nov-27-ed-indian27-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=January 12, 2021|date=November 27, 2002}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Loewe|first=Ronald|title=Of Sacred Lands and Strip Malls: The Battle for Puvungna|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2016|isbn=978-0759121621|pages=137}}</ref>Saịtị a dị na San Juan Capistrano, California dị nso na Interstate 5, ihe dị ka maịl n'ebe ugwu nke ozi ahụ. A na-eli ya ugbu a n'okpuru ebe egwuregwu na ebe a na-eme nka nke Junipero Serra Catholic High School, nke iwu site na nkwado obodo na 2003 mgbe ahụ na ikpe iji ike ya. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Leopo|first=Julie|date=2020-10-12|title=Leopo: A Time to Reflect, Recognize Local Indigenous History|url=http://voiceofoc.org/2020/10/leopo-a-time-to-reflect-recognize-local-indigenous-history/|accessdate=2022-12-12|work=Voice of OC|language=en-US}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ụmụ amaala === Obodo a na-ọdụ ala n'ebe mmiri dị, ma hiwere ya site n'aka Chief Oyaison, bụkwakwara Oyison, onye na- Sejat mgbe oke mmiri ozuzo, na ada ya ekiri Coronne.  [1] N'imekpọ obodo ahụ, Coronne duuru njem gaa n'otu mmiri, dị nso na njikọ nke Oso Creek na Trabuco Creek .  Coronne gburu na ike ma ahụ ya onyonyo mkpọda ala.  Ndị ahụ na-eru uju la ike na Putuidem wee hie Ụra n'ụdị pyramid, nke a na-akpọ acjachema, nke nyere ndị Acjachemen aha ha.  [2] Coronne, onye nwere ego n'otubo ya, nyere obodo ahụ aha ya<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|author=O'Neil|first=Stephen|date=1980|title=Notes on Historical Juaneno Villages and Geographical Features|url=https://docplayer.net/220219100-Uc-merced-journal-of-california-and-great-basin-anthropology.html|journal=UC Merced Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology|volume=2|issue=2|pages=226–232}}</ref> N'otu akwụkwọ na-ehota Gerónimo Boscana, a na-ekwu na obodo "emesịa chịrị onye ikwu a na-akpọ Choqual bụ onye chịrị Atoum-pumcaxque " (obodo dị nso nke Acjacheme ).  [1] [2] Putuidem dị n'elu ugwu site na obodo Toovunga dị n'egwu osimiri na mgbada site na obodo nta nke Alume (site na Trabuco Creek ), Sajavit (site na San Juan Creek ), Piwiva (site na  San Juan Creek), na Huumai (saịtị na San Juan Creek).<ref name=":5" /> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Martínez|first=Roberta H.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/402526696|title=Latinos in Pasadena|date=2009|publisher=Arcadia|isbn=978-0-7385-6955-0|location=Charleston, SC|pages=10|oclc=402526696}}</ref> === Oge ozi === Na 1776, e wuru Mission San Juan Capistrano n'ụdị Putuidem yana obodo Ahachmai dị nso, nke obodo nta ahụ nke ukwuu, na ọnụ ọgụgụ ya iji jee ozi ahụ.  N'oge na-akpa anya obodo bịara gwụchaa n'ihi nke ndị Europe.  N'otu oge ahụ, ozi ahụ ma tolite, na 383 tụbara site na 1783, ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwere ike ịbụ na Putuidem, na 741 tụ tụụrụ site na 1790.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Golla|first=Victor|title=California Indian Languages|publisher=Univ of California Press|year=2022|isbn=9780520389670|pages=180}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rtw0A96vxksC|title=The Hypotrochanteric Fossa of the Femur (with 14 Plates)|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|year=1934|pages=57–60}}</ref> <ref name=":6">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/647873186|title=Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico. Volume III, N to S|date=2003|publisher=Digital Scanning|others=Frederick Webb Hodge|isbn=978-1-58218-755-6|location=Scituate, MA|pages=445–446|oclc=647873186}}</ref>Ndị tụ tụ na nso nso a ma ọ bụ neophytes nwere ọrụ ka ukwuu na ozi ahụ, na-elekọta anụ ụlọ na ihe mmetụta.  Mgbe apụ ndụ nke ihe owuwu ebube, e dechara ụlọ ụka nkume na ozi ahụ na 1806, nke nwere ụlọ elu dị elu na nkume ise dị n'ime ime "akwa niile nke neophytes."  [1] Ka ọ na-erule 1810, na-abụ neophytes 1,138, na-arrị elu na 1,361 na 1812, ma na-agbada ma emesịa.  Ebibiri ụlọ ụka nkume na 1812 San Juan Capistrano ala ọma jijiji, nke gburugburu ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị obodo 50 na-aga ọhụrụ.  Mgbe e mechachara ozi ahụ n’ụwa n’afọ 183, e mewo ikike nke ndị obodo 4,317 baputiziiz n’ozi ahụ, 1,689 n’ime ha bụ ndị okenye na 2,628 n’ime ha bụ iwu.  Ozi ndị die na ozi ahụ bụ 3,158.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị lanarịrị oge ozi ahụ biri na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu === Ọrụ Amerịka === <ref name=":4">{{Cite book|author=Gottlieb|first=Alma|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639|title=The restless anthropologist : new fieldsites, new visions|date=2012|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-30497-7|location=Chicago|pages=63–65|oclc=780446639}}</ref>Na 1933, ekwuru na mmiri Putuidem dị nso, nke ndị Spanish na-akpọ El Aguagito ma ọ bụ El Aguajito nwere ike ịhụ 0.8 kilomita n'ebe ugwu nke Highway 101 n'otu ebe otu osisi Sycamore ochie guzoro.  [1] Ọ bụ Aaron Buchheim nwe ala ahụ na 1933, onye nwa ya rere ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ Junipero Serra.  Ihe dị ka ụmụ obere ise nke ndị obodo ahụ́ na-ebi na mpaghara San Juan Capistrano. <ref name=":4">{{Cite book|author=Gottlieb|first=Alma|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639|title=The restless anthropologist : new fieldsites, new visions|date=2012|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-30497-7|location=Chicago|pages=63–65|oclc=780446639}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGottlieb2012">Gottlieb, Alma (2012). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639 ''The restless anthropologist : new fieldsites, new visions'']. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp.&nbsp;63–65. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-0-226-30497-7|<bdi>978-0-226-30497-7</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (ihe nchọpụta)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639 780446639].</cite></ref>Ihe ọmụmụ nke olili emume na ozu ozu, ihe ndị dị nsò, ugo ọla edo na akpụkpọ condor, nke eji eji na nke dị nsò na Chinigchinich, ka a pụta n'ime ala dị n'obodo ahụ.  Ọkakà ihe ochie mere ememme na e lili àmà na gburugburu Putuidem, ebe saịtị ndị ọtụtụ puku awụ toro eto dị nso na isi iyi dị nsasị nke obodo ahụ.  [1] ==== Olili ozu n'okpuru Junipero Serra Catholic High School ==== Marc Spizziri, onye na-ere aha Toyota Niguel Laguna Niguel, na Timothy Busch, onye ọka iwu ụtụ isi nke Irvine, bụ onye na-arụkọ ọrụ na nso ụlọ akwụkwọ St. Anne dị nso, tụpụtara ụlọ akwụkwọ ndụ iji jee ozi  na South Orange County na 1998. [1] Mgbe mgbe iji nwetara ebe mbụ dara, ha mgbaàmà nke na Junipero Serra Road, nke ha mara na ọ bụ ihe dị nsasị nye ndị Acjachemen.  [1] Ha zutere onye ndu ebo David Belardes, onye mmetụtara dị ka MLD (nke ibi ka ọ bụ nwa) maka ọrụ ahụ, ihe achọrọ n'okpuru iwu steeti California.  Ọkà ọmụmụ ndị Alma Gottlieb kọrọ na Belardes agwala ya na ọ tụfuru ọtụtụ agha amụ ruo ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ma hapụkwa imegide .<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|author=Gottlieb|first=Alma|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639|title=The restless anthropologist : new fieldsites, new visions|date=2012|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-30497-7|location=Chicago|pages=63–65|oclc=780446639}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGottlieb2012">Gottlieb, Alma (2012). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639 ''The restless anthropologist : new fieldsites, new visions'']. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp.&nbsp;63–65. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-0-226-30497-7|<bdi>978-0-226-30497-7</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (ihe nchọpụta)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639 780446639].</cite></ref> <ref name="lat2002">{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-sep-16-me-schoolsite16-story.html6|title=Tug Over Indian Burial Site Escalates|first=Claire|author=Luna|work=Los Angeles Times|date=September 16, 2002|accessdate=2023-10-12}}</ref>Belardes duuru ndị kacha nta n'ime otu Acjachemen atɔ, Otú ọ dị, na otu abụọ buru ibu, nke Damien Shilo na Sonia Johnston duziri, eserese ahụ, na-achọ ka edobere ala ahụ maka ebe omenala.  [1] Ha hiwere otu njikọ mara dị ka mmiri nke Capistrano, nke ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị bi na mgbochi condominium gbara agbata obi lub.  [1] Patricia Martz, onye prọfesọ na Mahadum California State, Los Angeles bụ onye sonyeere mmegide ahụ, mere akwụkwọ na a ga-eli ozu 175 na saịtị ahụ.  Ndị ọzọ, Otú ọ dị, dị ka ọkachamara ihe ochie nke obodo Henry Koerper na Cypress College, na-enwe obi abụọ na ndị ahụ, na-ahụta na ọ bụ nanị ebe asaa ili ozu ka mkpọsa <ref name=":4" />A gbara akwụkwọ ikpe abụọ, ndị mmegide ịgbakwara ịme egwuregwu aka n'ihu ọha na ọrụ ahụ, mana ha enwetaghị mbinye aka zuru oke, obodo mechara kwenye ka e wuo ụlọ ahụ, ụlọ egwuregwu, na akwụkwọ nka.  [1] [2] [3] Owuwu onu na 2003 maka ike dị ukwuu.  Enwere ike na ikike ihe ndị ọzọ na ihe ndị nna ochie n'oge a na-arụ ọrụ ma lie ya n'ebe Belardes mara.  [4] [5] Ndị Acjachemen ndị na-ekiri mere ma hazie ka ha ihe owuwu tupu na mgbe a na-ewu ya.  [6] Ụmụ amaala California ndị ọzọ, ndị agha ndị Tongva, MeXica (ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Mexico) na ndị na-akwado Aztlán si Santa Ana, yana ndị Mexico kwabatara na obodo dị nso bịara na-anya . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Elsanadi|first=Michael|title=Is Our Gym Haunted?|url=https://www.jserra.org/uploaded/News/Paw_Print/Paw_Print_-_October_2014.pdf|work=JSerra.org|accessdate=January 12, 2021}}</ref>Ndị nkatọ nke Signere na a ga-akpọ ụlọ akwụkwọ aha Junípero Serra, onye otu ozi mpaghara ahụ nke butere ndị bi n'obodo Putuidem.  [1] Ndị nkatọ ndị ọzọ akpọọla ahụ ihe ndọtị nke America wepụrụ ndị amaala na mkpochapụ omenala Acjachemen.  [2] akwụkwọ akwụkwọ n'onwe ya ekwo ihe mere eme nke saịtị na akwụkwọ ụmụ akwụkwọ ha, The Paw Print .  Ndị na-elekọta ụlọ akwụkwọ kwuru na ha mmemme paranormal na akwụkwọ ahụ Na 2015, ndị Acjachemen na obodo San Juan Capistrano malitere ịrụ ọrụ iji wuo ogige acre 1.3 n'ebe ugwu nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ ga-egosipụta ihe oyiyi Coronne, obere ihe nkiri amphitheater, ụlọ ụdị omenala, ihe ngosi nkọwa, na ebe omenala. Agbanyeghị, na 2019, enwere nchegbu ma ọ bụrụ na a ga-ewu ogige ahụ. <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|author=Lewinnek|first=Elaine|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1226813397|title=A people's guide to Orange County|date=2022|others=Gustavo Arellano, Thuy Vo Dang|isbn=978-0-520-97155-4|location=Oakland, California|pages=158|oclc=1226813397}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLewinnek2022">Lewinnek, Elaine (2022). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1226813397 ''A people's guide to Orange County'']. Gustavo Arellano, Thuy Vo Dang. Oakland, California. p.&nbsp;158. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-0-520-97155-4|<bdi>978-0-520-97155-4</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (ihe nchọpụta)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1226813397 1226813397].</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Àtụ:Cite book|cite book]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([[Atiri:CS1 isi: ebe na-efu onye nkwusa|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher]]</ref> N'ọgwụgwụ 2021, emepere ogige ahụ mgbe ọtụtụ igbu oge gasịrị ma depụta ya dị ka ''Obodo nta nke Putuidem'' . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2021-12-04|title=Putuidem Village recognizing San Juan Capistrano's first people opens after years of delay|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2021/12/03/putuidem-village-recognizing-san-juan-capistranos-first-people-opens-after-years-of-delay|accessdate=2022-12-11|work=Orange County Register|language=en-US}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ụmụ amaala California * California ozi esemokwu nke omenala * [[M na-eme ihe|Acjacheme]] * [[Ahunx]] * [[Alume|Alauna]] * Genga * Ntụk * Lupukngna * Moyongna * Pajbenga * [[Panhe]] * Puhú * Piwiva * Totpavit == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] p0z9dym742pmje45cuosev94kbwz8ts 628621 628619 2026-04-01T23:05:22Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628621 wikitext text/x-wiki Putuidem ( Acjachemen : "afọ" ma ọ bụ "otubo"), [1] ikwu ụzo Putuidhem ma ọ bụ Putuidhem, [2] [3] bụ nnukwu obodo nke ndị Acjachemen, nke a na-adị ka Juaneño ndidi ha kwagara na Mission  San Juan.  Capistrano.  [4] Putuidem bụ obodo nne, obodo nke mebere obodo ndị ọzọ nke ebo ahụ.<ref name="lat">{{Cite web|title=New Church-Indian Divide|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-nov-27-ed-indian27-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=January 12, 2021|date=November 27, 2002}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Loewe|first=Ronald|title=Of Sacred Lands and Strip Malls: The Battle for Puvungna|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2016|isbn=978-0759121621|pages=137}}</ref>Saịtị a dị na San Juan Capistrano, California dị nso na Interstate 5, ihe dị ka maịl n'ebe ugwu nke ozi ahụ. A na-eli ya ugbu a n'okpuru ebe egwuregwu na ebe a na-eme nka nke Junipero Serra Catholic High School, nke iwu site na nkwado obodo na 2003 mgbe ahụ na ikpe iji ike ya. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Leopo|first=Julie|date=2020-10-12|title=Leopo: A Time to Reflect, Recognize Local Indigenous History|url=http://voiceofoc.org/2020/10/leopo-a-time-to-reflect-recognize-local-indigenous-history/|accessdate=2022-12-12|work=Voice of OC|language=en-US}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ụmụ amaala === Obodo a na-ọdụ ala n'ebe mmiri dị, ma hiwere ya site n'aka Chief Oyaison, bụkwakwara Oyison, onye na- Sejat mgbe oke mmiri ozuzo, na ada ya ekiri Coronne.  [1] N'imekpọ obodo ahụ, Coronne duuru njem gaa n'otu mmiri, dị nso na njikọ nke Oso Creek na Trabuco Creek .  Coronne gburu na ike ma ahụ ya onyonyo mkpọda ala.  Ndị ahụ na-eru uju la ike na Putuidem wee hie Ụra n'ụdị pyramid, nke a na-akpọ acjachema, nke nyere ndị Acjachemen aha ha.  [2] Coronne, onye nwere ego n'otubo ya, nyere obodo ahụ aha ya<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|author=O'Neil|first=Stephen|date=1980|title=Notes on Historical Juaneno Villages and Geographical Features|url=https://docplayer.net/220219100-Uc-merced-journal-of-california-and-great-basin-anthropology.html|journal=UC Merced Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology|volume=2|issue=2|pages=226–232}}</ref> N'otu akwụkwọ na-ehota Gerónimo Boscana, a na-ekwu na obodo "emesịa chịrị onye ikwu a na-akpọ Choqual bụ onye chịrị Atoum-pumcaxque " (obodo dị nso nke Acjacheme ).  [1] [2] Putuidem dị n'elu ugwu site na obodo Toovunga dị n'egwu osimiri na mgbada site na obodo nta nke Alume (site na Trabuco Creek ), Sajavit (site na San Juan Creek ), Piwiva (site na  San Juan Creek), na Huumai (saịtị na San Juan Creek).<ref name=":5" /> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Martínez|first=Roberta H.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/402526696|title=Latinos in Pasadena|date=2009|publisher=Arcadia|isbn=978-0-7385-6955-0|location=Charleston, SC|pages=10|oclc=402526696}}</ref> === Oge ozi === Na 1776, e wuru Mission San Juan Capistrano n'ụdị Putuidem yana obodo Ahachmai dị nso, nke obodo nta ahụ nke ukwuu, na ọnụ ọgụgụ ya iji jee ozi ahụ.  N'oge na-akpa anya obodo bịara gwụchaa n'ihi nke ndị Europe.  N'otu oge ahụ, ozi ahụ ma tolite, na 383 tụbara site na 1783, ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwere ike ịbụ na Putuidem, na 741 tụ tụụrụ site na 1790.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Golla|first=Victor|title=California Indian Languages|publisher=Univ of California Press|year=2022|isbn=9780520389670|pages=180}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rtw0A96vxksC|title=The Hypotrochanteric Fossa of the Femur (with 14 Plates)|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|year=1934|pages=57–60}}</ref> <ref name=":6">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/647873186|title=Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico. Volume III, N to S|date=2003|publisher=Digital Scanning|others=Frederick Webb Hodge|isbn=978-1-58218-755-6|location=Scituate, MA|pages=445–446|oclc=647873186}}</ref>Ndị tụ tụ na nso nso a ma ọ bụ neophytes nwere ọrụ ka ukwuu na ozi ahụ, na-elekọta anụ ụlọ na ihe mmetụta.  Mgbe apụ ndụ nke ihe owuwu ebube, e dechara ụlọ ụka nkume na ozi ahụ na 1806, nke nwere ụlọ elu dị elu na nkume ise dị n'ime ime "akwa niile nke neophytes."  [1] Ka ọ na-erule 1810, na-abụ neophytes 1,138, na-arrị elu na 1,361 na 1812, ma na-agbada ma emesịa.  Ebibiri ụlọ ụka nkume na 1812 San Juan Capistrano ala ọma jijiji, nke gburugburu ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị obodo 50 na-aga ọhụrụ.  Mgbe e mechachara ozi ahụ n’ụwa n’afọ 183, e mewo ikike nke ndị obodo 4,317 baputiziiz n’ozi ahụ, 1,689 n’ime ha bụ ndị okenye na 2,628 n’ime ha bụ iwu.  Ozi ndị die na ozi ahụ bụ 3,158.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị lanarịrị oge ozi ahụ biri na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu === Ọrụ Amerịka === <ref name=":4" />Na 1933, ekwuru na mmiri Putuidem dị nso, nke ndị Spanish na-akpọ El Aguagito ma ọ bụ El Aguajito nwere ike ịhụ 0.8 kilomita n'ebe ugwu nke Highway 101 n'otu ebe otu osisi Sycamore ochie guzoro. [1] Ọ bụ Aaron Buchheim nwe ala ahụ na 1933, onye nwa ya rere ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ Junipero Serra. / Ihe dị ka ụmụ obere ise nke ndị obodo ahụ́ na-ebi na mpaghara San Juan Capistrano. <ref name=":4">{{Cite book|author=Gottlieb|first=Alma|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639|title=The restless anthropologist : new fieldsites, new visions|date=2012|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-30497-7|location=Chicago|pages=63–65|oclc=780446639}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGottlieb2012">Gottlieb, Alma (2012). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639 ''The restless anthropologist : new fieldsites, new visions'']. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp.&nbsp;63–65. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-0-226-30497-7|<bdi>978-0-226-30497-7</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (ihe nchọpụta)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639 780446639].</cite></ref>Ihe ọmụmụ nke olili emume na ozu ozu, ihe ndị dị nsò, ugo ọla edo na akpụkpọ condor, nke eji eji na nke dị nsò na Chinigchinich, ka a pụta n'ime ala dị n'obodo ahụ.  Ọkakà ihe ochie mere ememme na e lili àmà na gburugburu Putuidem, ebe saịtị ndị ọtụtụ puku awụ toro eto dị nso na isi iyi dị nsasị nke obodo ahụ.  [1] ==== Olili ozu n'okpuru Junipero Serra Catholic High School ==== Marc Spizziri, onye na-ere aha Toyota Niguel Laguna Niguel, na Timothy Busch, onye ọka iwu ụtụ isi nke Irvine, bụ onye na-arụkọ ọrụ na nso ụlọ akwụkwọ St. Anne dị nso, tụpụtara ụlọ akwụkwọ ndụ iji jee ozi  na South Orange County na 1998. [1] Mgbe mgbe iji nwetara ebe mbụ dara, ha mgbaàmà nke na Junipero Serra Road, nke ha mara na ọ bụ ihe dị nsasị nye ndị Acjachemen.  [1] Ha zutere onye ndu ebo David Belardes, onye mmetụtara dị ka MLD (nke ibi ka ọ bụ nwa) maka ọrụ ahụ, ihe achọrọ n'okpuru iwu steeti California.  Ọkà ọmụmụ ndị Alma Gottlieb kọrọ na Belardes agwala ya na ọ tụfuru ọtụtụ agha amụ ruo ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ma hapụkwa imegide .<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|author=Gottlieb|first=Alma|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639|title=The restless anthropologist : new fieldsites, new visions|date=2012|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-30497-7|location=Chicago|pages=63–65|oclc=780446639}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGottlieb2012">Gottlieb, Alma (2012). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639 ''The restless anthropologist : new fieldsites, new visions'']. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp.&nbsp;63–65. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-0-226-30497-7|<bdi>978-0-226-30497-7</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (ihe nchọpụta)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639 780446639].</cite></ref> <ref name="lat2002">{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-sep-16-me-schoolsite16-story.html6|title=Tug Over Indian Burial Site Escalates|first=Claire|author=Luna|work=Los Angeles Times|date=September 16, 2002|accessdate=2023-10-12}}</ref>Belardes duuru ndị kacha nta n'ime otu Acjachemen atɔ, Otú ọ dị, na otu abụọ buru ibu, nke Damien Shilo na Sonia Johnston duziri, eserese ahụ, na-achọ ka edobere ala ahụ maka ebe omenala.  [1] Ha hiwere otu njikọ mara dị ka mmiri nke Capistrano, nke ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị bi na mgbochi condominium gbara agbata obi lub.  [1] Patricia Martz, onye prọfesọ na Mahadum California State, Los Angeles bụ onye sonyeere mmegide ahụ, mere akwụkwọ na a ga-eli ozu 175 na saịtị ahụ.  Ndị ọzọ, Otú ọ dị, dị ka ọkachamara ihe ochie nke obodo Henry Koerper na Cypress College, na-enwe obi abụọ na ndị ahụ, na-ahụta na ọ bụ nanị ebe asaa ili ozu ka mkpọsa <ref name=":4" />A gbara akwụkwọ ikpe abụọ, ndị mmegide ịgbakwara ịme egwuregwu aka n'ihu ọha na ọrụ ahụ, mana ha enwetaghị mbinye aka zuru oke, obodo mechara kwenye ka e wuo ụlọ ahụ, ụlọ egwuregwu, na akwụkwọ nka.  [1] [2] [3] Owuwu onu na 2003 maka ike dị ukwuu.  Enwere ike na ikike ihe ndị ọzọ na ihe ndị nna ochie n'oge a na-arụ ọrụ ma lie ya n'ebe Belardes mara.  [4] [5] Ndị Acjachemen ndị na-ekiri mere ma hazie ka ha ihe owuwu tupu na mgbe a na-ewu ya.  [6] Ụmụ amaala California ndị ọzọ, ndị agha ndị Tongva, MeXica (ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Mexico) na ndị na-akwado Aztlán si Santa Ana, yana ndị Mexico kwabatara na obodo dị nso bịara na-anya . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Elsanadi|first=Michael|title=Is Our Gym Haunted?|url=https://www.jserra.org/uploaded/News/Paw_Print/Paw_Print_-_October_2014.pdf|work=JSerra.org|accessdate=January 12, 2021}}</ref>Ndị nkatọ nke Signere na a ga-akpọ ụlọ akwụkwọ aha Junípero Serra, onye otu ozi mpaghara ahụ nke butere ndị bi n'obodo Putuidem.  [1] Ndị nkatọ ndị ọzọ akpọọla ahụ ihe ndọtị nke America wepụrụ ndị amaala na mkpochapụ omenala Acjachemen.  [2] akwụkwọ akwụkwọ n'onwe ya ekwo ihe mere eme nke saịtị na akwụkwọ ụmụ akwụkwọ ha, The Paw Print .  Ndị na-elekọta ụlọ akwụkwọ kwuru na ha mmemme paranormal na akwụkwọ ahụ Na 2015, ndị Acjachemen na obodo San Juan Capistrano malitere ịrụ ọrụ iji wuo ogige acre 1.3 n'ebe ugwu nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ ga-egosipụta ihe oyiyi Coronne, obere ihe nkiri amphitheater, ụlọ ụdị omenala, ihe ngosi nkọwa, na ebe omenala. Agbanyeghị, na 2019, enwere nchegbu ma ọ bụrụ na a ga-ewu ogige ahụ. <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|author=Lewinnek|first=Elaine|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1226813397|title=A people's guide to Orange County|date=2022|others=Gustavo Arellano, Thuy Vo Dang|isbn=978-0-520-97155-4|location=Oakland, California|pages=158|oclc=1226813397}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLewinnek2022">Lewinnek, Elaine (2022). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1226813397 ''A people's guide to Orange County'']. Gustavo Arellano, Thuy Vo Dang. Oakland, California. p.&nbsp;158. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-0-520-97155-4|<bdi>978-0-520-97155-4</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (ihe nchọpụta)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1226813397 1226813397].</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Àtụ:Cite book|cite book]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([[Atiri:CS1 isi: ebe na-efu onye nkwusa|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher]]</ref> N'ọgwụgwụ 2021, emepere ogige ahụ mgbe ọtụtụ igbu oge gasịrị ma depụta ya dị ka ''Obodo nta nke Putuidem'' . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2021-12-04|title=Putuidem Village recognizing San Juan Capistrano's first people opens after years of delay|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2021/12/03/putuidem-village-recognizing-san-juan-capistranos-first-people-opens-after-years-of-delay|accessdate=2022-12-11|work=Orange County Register|language=en-US}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ụmụ amaala California * California ozi esemokwu nke omenala * [[M na-eme ihe|Acjacheme]] * [[Ahunx]] * [[Alume|Alauna]] * Genga * Ntụk * Lupukngna * Moyongna * Pajbenga * [[Panhe]] * Puhú * Piwiva * Totpavit == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] j1v35g39l573j5sy0ld7f608a6xc89y 0 42837 628672 621499 2026-04-02T11:10:10Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Darlene R. Ketten''' bụ onye ọkà mmụta sayensị America na Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution . A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na sayensị anụmanụ anụ mmiri, usoro ihe ọmụmụ biomechanics nke ịnụ ihe, na ịnụ ihe. == Akụkọ ndụ == Ketten nwetara BA ya na Mahadum Washington na St. Louis na 1971. Na 1979, ọ gụsịrị MS na Massachusetts Institute of Technology, na 1985 ọ nwetara Ph.D. sitere na Mahadum Johns Hopkins . Ketten e jikọrọ ya na Harvard Medical School kemgbe 1985. Kemgbe 1997, ọ jikọtara ya na Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution . Site na 2013-2015, ọ bụ Prọfesọ nke Fiziks na Mahadum Curtin, Australia. Na 2015, ọ bụ onye otu na Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg na Germany na site na 2015-2016 jere ozi dị ka Jefferson Science Fellow na Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs nke United States Department of State na na US Embassy na Berlin. Ketten bụ onye otu American Association for the Advancement of Science and of Acoustical Society of America . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sites.nationalacademies.org/PGA/Jefferson/PGA_167309|title=Biographies of Jefferson Science Fellows|publisher=National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|date=2016-01-01|accessdate=2016-07-01}}</ref> Nnyocha Ketten mere gbasara ịnụ ihe ewelitela ajụjụ gbasara mmetụta mmadụ na-eji sonar na-anụ na ịnyagharị nke whale na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ dị n'ime mmiri. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://livebettermagazine.com/article/darlene-ketten-ph-d-marine-mammal-research-pioneer-shattering-sonar-and-similar-misconceptions/|title=Darlene Ketten, PhD, Marine Mammal Research Pioneer, Shatters Sonar Misconceptions|publisher=LiveBetter Magazine|date=2009-09-11|accessdate=2016-07-04|archivedate=2016-04-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429002203/http://livebettermagazine.com/article/darlene-ketten-ph-d-marine-mammal-research-pioneer-shattering-sonar-and-similar-misconceptions/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2013/01/10/did-we-save-the-whales-19/ocean-noise-could-threaten-whales|title=Ocean Noise Could Threaten Whales|work=New York Times|date=2013-01-11|accessdate=2016-07-04}}</ref> == Edensibia == Australia. Na 2015, ọ bụ onye otu na Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg na Germany na site na 2015-2016 jere ozi dị ka Jefferson Science Fellow{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=5bc29tsAAAAJ&hl=en Ọkà mmụta Google] {{DEFAULTSORT:Ketten, R.Darlene}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ku63i01ooeux6vg5xxro7ykv84swwgn 0 42846 628680 621518 2026-04-02T11:45:42Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Darin W. Toohey''' bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị ikuku nke America. <ref name="googlescholar">{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=duJo9BMAAAAJ&hl=en|title=Darin Toohey Citations at Google Scholar|work=scholar.google.com|publisher=Google Scholar|accessdate=November 3, 2014}}</ref> Ọ bụ prọfesọ nke sayensị ikuku na oke osimiri na ọmụmụ gburugburu ebe obibi na Mahadum Colorado Boulder kemgbe 1999. <ref name="paos">{{Cite web|url=http://paos.colorado.edu/~toohey/Toohey_2013_cv.pdf|title=Darin Toohey CV|date=|work=paos.colorado.edu|publisher=University of Colorado Boulder|accessdate=November 3, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111040710/http://paos.colorado.edu/~toohey/Toohey_2013_cv.pdf|archivedate=November 11, 2014}}</ref> <ref name="storm">{{Cite web|url=http://www.colorado.edu/envs/people/darin-toohey|title=Darin W. Toohey|date=|work=CU Environmental Studies|publisher=University of Colorado Boulder|accessdate=November 3, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111040703/http://www.colorado.edu/envs/people/darin-toohey|archivedate=November 11, 2014}}</ref> <ref name="jsf">{{Cite web|url=http://sites.nationalacademies.org/PGA/Jefferson/PGA_061895|title=Darin Toohey|date=|work=nationalacademies.org|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|accessdate=November 3, 2014}}</ref> Nnyocha Toohey na-ekwu maka ọrụ nke gas na ikuku ikuku na ihu igwe ụwa, ikuku oxidation, na ịdị mma ikuku. Ọ bụ onye otu Jefferson Science Fellow na Ngalaba Ọchịchị United States, 2011-2012. <ref name="jsf" /> <ref name="eos">{{Cite journal|author=Toohey|first=Darin W.|date=January 14, 2014|title=My Year as a Jefferson Science Fellow|journal=EOS|volume=95|issue=2|pages=15|doi=10.1002/2014EO020003}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Toohey nwetara BS na kemistri na BA na physics na California State University, Fullerton na 1982 na Ph.D. na physics etinyere na Mahadum Harvard na 1988. Ọ bụ onye otu postdoctoral na physics etinyere n'ọrụ n'okpuru Prọfesọ James G. Anderson na Harvard, 1988-1991. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arp.harvard.edu/person/darin-toohey|title=Anderson Research Group: Darin Toohey|work=arp.harvard.edu|publisher=Harvard University|accessdate=November 3, 2014|archivedate=November 3, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103224045/http://www.arp.harvard.edu/person/darin-toohey}}</ref> Na 1991 o sonyeere na Department of Earth System Science na University of California Irvine, nke o nyere aka guzobe ma jee ozi dị ka onye nnyemaaka na prọfesọ site na 1991 ruo 1998. <ref name="jsf" /> <ref name="uci">{{Cite web|url=http://www.editor.uci.edu/97-98/ps/ps.4.html|title=DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE|date=1998|work=editor.uci.edu|publisher=University of California, Irvine|accessdate=November 3, 2014}}</ref> N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ sonyeere Mahadum Colorado Boulder dị ka onye prọfesọ na-akpakọrịta, na-enweta prọfesọ zuru oke na 2004. Na Colorado, Toohey abụrụla onye ntụzi nke mmemme mmụta Baker Residential Academy, onye isi nwa oge nke Sustainability na Social Innovation Residential Academic Programme, na onye isi nke Mmemme Ọmụmụ Residential Residential Studies Global. Nchọcha ya na-ekwu maka kemịkalụ na ọnọdụ ikuku nke ụwa, na-ekwusi ike na nleba anya nke gas trace na aerosols na mmetụta ha na stratospheric ozone, ikike oxidative nke ikuku, na [[Mmefu ego ike nke ụwa|nguzozi radieshon]] . Otu ya na-amụ stratospheric ozone depletion n'elu Arctic, mmetụta nke rọketi na stratospheric chemistry, ogologo njem nke mmetọ, na ọrụ nke aerosols na mgbanwe nke ígwé ojii Njirimara. O sonyela na mgbasa ozi ubi iri anọ, ọtụtụ metụtara ụgbọ elu nyocha na balloons sayensị. <ref name="jsf" /> Ha eduzila ọrụ na [[Antarctica]], Spitsbergen, New Zealand, Sweden, Nepal, Virgin Islands, [[Àláskà|Alaska]], [[Hawaii]], na kọntinent United States niile. Ọ na-emepụta ngwa maka nzaghachi ngwa ngwa ''na nha ọnọdụ'' site na ala, balloons, na ụgbọ elu. Ọrụ ya nyere aka gosipụta njikọ dị n'etiti ogige ndị nwere chlorine na bromine na mbibi nke ozone n'elu [[Arktik|Arctic]] na Antarctic. == Edensibia == eduzila ọrụ na Antarctica, Spitsbergen, New Zealand, Sweden, Nepal, Virgin Islands, Alaska, Hawaii, nHarvard na 1988. Ọ bụ onye otu postdoctoral na physics etinyere n'ọrụ n'okpuru Prọfesọa continenti United States{{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://storm.colorado.edu//~toohey/ Ibe akwụkwọ ngalaba Darin Toohey] * [http://storm.colorado.edu//~toohey/cv_publications.html Ndepụta mbipụta] {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Toohey, Darin}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] glvaqlmea7gz82gzjpvbnce2wuid0gx 0 43013 628554 162324 2026-04-01T14:31:49Z Geraldine Kene 23189 628554 wikitext text/x-wiki Hazelnut Grove bụ obodo na- ike ebe obibi ahaziri ahazi dị na Portland, Oregon .  E hiwere ya na 2015, ma kpara ya, ọ lanarịrị ọtụtụ mbọ iji ma ọ bụ kwaga obodo.  Ndị egwu obodo ma kwado ya Obodo a na-arụ ọrụ dị ka agbataobi mgbanwe maka ndị na-achọ ụlọ na-adịgide adịgide. == Ebe == <ref name="zielinski" />Ndị obodo gba ụzọ na mbụ na-esochi iwe nke Occupy Portland na 2011. Ha kwagara ọtụtụ oge, n'ikpeazụ biri n'otu ibé ala na October 2015 Ndị obodo ahụ dị na ụkwụ nke North Greeley na Interstate avenues.  A na-ahụta ya dị ka nke agbataobi Overlook na North Portland.  Ọ dị na mbụ na matrik nke ala nsogbu na nke onwe.  [1] E mechara mebie ya n'ala nke Portland Bureau of Transportation nwere <ref name="sparling">{{Cite news|author=Sparling|first=Zane|title=Portland mayor to halt funding for Hazelnut Grove homeless|url=https://www.portlandtribune.com/news/portland-mayor-to-halt-funding-for-hazelnut-grove-homeless/article_0f440b1a-6350-55c5-9d45-29ee7059f886.html|accessdate=8 March 2023|work=Portland Tribune|date=17 February 2021|language=en}}</ref> Ogige ahụ dị na ala steepụ steepụ, ụfọdụ ekwupụtala ihe isi ike na ịnweta ihe mberede dịka ihe kacha mkpa maka ịkwaga ebe ọzọ. <ref name="swindler">{{Cite web|author=Swindler|first=Samantha|title=A village, not a warehouse, to solve homelessness|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2016/07/hazelnut_grove_a_village_not_a.html|work=OregonLive|publisher=The Oregonian|accessdate=8 March 2023|language=en|date=27 July 2016}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == na-ama ndị ejirila saịtị ahụ agafe awụ tupu e guzobe Hazelnut Grove.  [1] Ogige ahụ ihuenyo na 2015, n'ihi ya, ọ bịara pụta ìhè.  Ngalaba njem njem nke Oregon nyeziri ndị bi ebe ahụ akwụkwọ nchụpụ.  Ndị bi na ya isiokwu ma ike obodo ahụ.  [2] Mkpesa ha gara nke ọma, ma onye isi obodo Charlie Hales inye inye ndị na-ama nwa ala, ọrụ, na ụlọ mposi, dabere na iwu ọzọ a ga-emebi emebi.<ref name="theen">{{Cite web|author=Theen|first=Andrew|title=A 3rd Portland homeless camp? Welcome to Hazelnut Grove|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2015/10/a_third_portland_homeless_camp.html|work=OregonLive|publisher=The Oregonian|accessdate=8 March 2023|language=en|date=23 October 2015}}</ref> <ref name="hutzler">{{Cite news|author=Hutzler|first=Coby|title=A Tale of Two Tent Cities|url=https://www.wweek.com/news/2015/12/09/a-tale-of-two-tent-cities/|accessdate=8 March 2023|work=Willamette Week|date=8 December 2015|language=en}}</ref> Kemgbe mmalite nke ogige ahụ, ndị otu Overlook Neighborhood Association (OKNA) chọrọ ịkwaga ya. Mkparịta ụka ogbugbu nke obodo duziri n'etiti ndị OKNA na ndị bi na Hazelnut Grove arụpụtaghị ihe. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Pitawanich|first=Christine|title=Homeless celebrate upgrades at Hazelnut Grove, but neighbors voice concerns|url=https://www.kgw.com/news/local/homeless/homeless-celebrate-upgrades-at-hazelnut-grove-but-neighbors-voice-concerns/422266351|accessdate=8 March 2023|work=KGW8|date=13 March 2017}}</ref> Ndị OKNA arịọbula ndepụta ọha nke ndị na-ama ụlọikwuu bi n'ime obodo si n'obodo ahụ ka ha mee nyocha ndabere, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Vanderhart|first=Dirk|title=Overlook Neighbors Will Demand A Public List of Everyone Camping at Hazelnut Grove|url=https://www.portlandmercury.com/news/2015/12/17/17183737/overlook-neighbors-will-demand-a-public-list-of-everyone-camping-at-hazelnut-grove|accessdate=8 March 2023|work=Portland Mercury|date=17 December 2015|language=en}}</ref> na n'afọ 2016, sonyeere n'ụlọ ikpe megide obodo ahụ gbasara nnabata enweghị ebe obibi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=OKNA joins lawsuit against City of Portland over homeless camping – Overlook Neighborhood Association|url=https://overlookneighborhood.org/okna-joins-lawsuit-against-city-of-portland-over-homeless-camping/|work=Overlook Neighborhood Association|accessdate=8 March 2023|date=21 April 2016}}</ref> Ndị OKNA mechara nwaa igbochi ndị na-ama ụlọikwuu ịga nzukọ ndị agbata obi, mana ha kwụsịrị mgbe obodo ahụ yiri egwu ịkwụsị ịnakwere OKNA dị ka nzukọ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Vanderhart|first=Dirk|title=City Threatens to Cease Recognizing Neighborhood Association Considering Homeless Discrimination Bylaw|url=https://www.portlandmercury.com/Housing/2017/08/12/19234035/city-threatens-to-disband-neighborhood-association-considering-homeless-discrimination-bylaw|accessdate=8 March 2023|work=Portland Mercury|date=12 August 2017|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="zielinski" />Site na 2016, ndị ọrụ ndị bi na 30. Na mgbakwunye na , e wuru obere ụlọ na pọd ndị na-ehi Ụra.  Emeberekwa ihe eji abụ ndụ aka dịka ụzọ ije, mmiri mmiri na ebe iri nri.  Obodo ahụ rụkwaara ndị obodo ahụ.  Onyinye nyere aka n'ịkwado ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ndị a.  [1] Ihe kpatara obodo ndị ọzọ sochiri n'oge na-adịghị anya, dịka ọbá akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ, na ebe a na-akwasa ngwá ọrụ ọrụ. <ref name="sparling" />Na 2017, Portland Fire & Rescue onu inye ndị bi na ọkụ ọkụ, ihe ọkụ ọkụ, ma mee ihe nchekwa.  Ha rụkwara ọrụ iji ihe ndị niile dị n'ime mita 20 nke obodo ahụ, na-Betalị nke ọkụ na saịtị ahụ. Na 2018, obodo ahụ mere atụmatụ ịkwaga obodo na ebe nchekwa na St. Johns, na-ekwu na ebe dị ugbu a n'etiti ugwu na okporo ụzọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike dị ka ihe dị ize ndụ. N'afọ ahụ, onye nnọchiteanya nke ọfis onyeisi obodo kwuru na obodo ahụ emefuola $52,000 iji nye ogige ahụ ihe ndị dị mma. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Vespa|first=Maggie|title=Hazelnut Grove homeless village may move to St. Johns neighborhood|url=https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/homeless/hazelnut-grove-homeless-village-may-move-to-st-johns-neighborhood/283-608196402|accessdate=8 March 2023|work=KGW8|date=25 October 2018}}</ref> Eweghachitere usoro iheomume maka mbughari na mbubreyo 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Harbarger|first=Molly|title=St. Johns church offers an alternative site for relocating homeless camp|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/health/2019/04/st-johns-church-offers-alternative-site-for-relocating-homeless-camp.html|work=OregonLive|publisher=The Oregonian|accessdate=8 March 2023|language=en|date=11 April 2019}}</ref> Ọ dịghị mgbe ọ pụtara n'ụzọ zuru ezu, dị ka ndị na-eme atụmatụ obodo ghọtara na enweghị ohere zuru ezu iji kwado ndị bi na ya. <ref name="zielinski">{{Cite news|author=Zielinski|first=Alex|title=With Hazelnut Grove Set to Close, City Looks to Expand Village-Style Shelter Options|url=https://www.portlandmercury.com/news/2021/01/22/31451040/with-hazelnut-grove-set-to-close-city-looks-to-expand-village-style-shelter-options|accessdate=8 March 2023|work=Portland Mercury|date=22 January 2021|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFZielinski2021">Zielinski, Alex (22 January 2021). [https://www.portlandmercury.com/news/2021/01/22/31451040/with-hazelnut-grove-set-to-close-city-looks-to-expand-village-style-shelter-options "With Hazelnut Grove Set to Close, City Looks to Expand Village-Style Shelter Options"]. ''Portland Mercury''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> . <ref name="opb">{{Cite web|author=Ellis|first=Rebecca|title=After talk of ‘critical breakthrough’ on Hazelnut Grove, city provides few details|url=https://www.opb.org/article/2021/02/20/hazelnut-grove-self-governed-village-dan-ryan/|work=Oregon Public Broadcast|accessdate=8 March 2023|language=en|date=20 February 2021}}</ref>N’afọ 2021, e nwere mmadụ iri na isii bi n’oge niile.  E mere ụgwọ na ọrụ na-efu obodo ahụ $1,500 kwa ọnwa.  [1] N'ọnwa January, obodo ahụ kwuputara na ọ ga-ebipụ ọrụ, dị ka ị tụgharịrị na ụlọ mposi, site na obodo.  Ha kwuru na ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi bụ nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nke ime ka ahụ saịtị biri.  Ndị bi ga-akwaga n'ogige ọhụrụ a na St. Johns, nke a na-akpọ St. Johns Village .  [2] Ka ọ na-erule February, obodo ahụ ike ịga n'ihu na-enye Hazelnut Grove ọrụ.  Ọ bụ ebe ahụ na ha wepụrụ ego maka ihe ala, nchekwa, na ọrụ ịwụ, obodo ahụ gara n'ihu na-enye ọdụ ebe a na-edebe ihe ọcha na nchekwa.  Ọfịs onye isi obodo kwuru na ọrụ ndị ahụ ga-adịgide ma ọ mụrụ na ndị bi na-aga n'ihu na-ama ahụ, n'ebe. Ụfọdụ ndị bi na Hazelnut Grove ahọrọla ịkwaga St. Johns Village. <ref name="opb" /> N'agbata 2015 na 2021, ndị na-ama 40 abanyela n'ụlọ na-adịgide adịgide. <ref name="zielinski" /> Otu n'ime arịa mbupu abụọ gbanwere nke Portland na-enye nchekwa ụbọchị nchekwa maka ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi dị na ogige Hazelnut Grove ma na-elekọta ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=City Day Storage Program|url=https://katu.com/news/local/mayor-releases-details-on-plan-to-address-unsanctioned-homeless-camping-across-portland-designated-camp-sites-homelessness-houselessness-affordable-housing-crisis-oregon|work=KATU2|accessdate=8 March 2023|language=en|date=21 October 2022}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * [[Obodo Nsọpụrụ|Dignity Village]], obodo ọzọ ama ama ama ama ama ama ama na Portland == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Aha]] 7yyeoc2sx5fri1s08i09wrw6sgzfr0i 0 43608 628650 165303 2026-04-02T06:35:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Seyni Awa Camara''' (amụrụ n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1945) bụ onye Senegal na-ese ihe <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/seni-awa-camara/|title=Seni Awa Camara {{!}} artnet|work=www.artnet.com|accessdate=2019-01-16}}</ref> sitere n'Agbụrụ Diola . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://whatsafricart.altervista.org/seni-awa-camara/|title=Seni Awa Camara: La Verità Svelata all'Uomo.|date=2017-05-20|work=What's AfricArt|language=it-IT|accessdate=2019-01-16|archivedate=2019-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116200756/http://whatsafricart.altervista.org/seni-awa-camara/}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''What's AfricArt'' (in Italian). 2017-05-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-16</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)]]</ref> A mụrụ ya na Bignona, ebe ọ ka bi ma na-arụ ọrụ.<ref name="africa.si.edu">{{Cite web|url=https://africa.si.edu/exhibits/pigozzi/camara.html|title=National Museum of African Art {{!}} African Art Now: Masterpieces from the Jean Pigozzi Collection {{!}} Seni Awa Camara|work=africa.si.edu|accessdate=2019-01-16|archivedate=2019-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116150034/https://africa.si.edu/exhibits/pigozzi/camara.html}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190116150034/https://africa.si.edu/exhibits/pigozzi/camara.html "National Museum of African Art | African Art Now: Masterpieces from the Jean Pigozzi Collection | Seni Awa Camara"]. ''africa.si.edu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-16</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ọ na-emepụta ihe ọkpụkpụ na ụrọ n'ihu ụlọ ya, wee gbaa ha ọkụ n'ime ọkụ ọkụ na-emeghe tupu ya egosipụta ha gburugburu ụlọ ya. Iberibe ndị ahụ, sitere na nha ịrị na abụọ sentimita n'ogologo ruo 8 ụkwụ ogologo, na-anọchi anya akara nkeonwe. [[Usòrò:2017_Air_Paris_Art_017_statue_coin_Magnin-A_Seybi_Camara.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|124x124px| Ihe oyiyi nke Seni Awa Camara mere]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.caacart.com/pigozzi-artist.php?i=Camara-Seni-Awa&bio=en&m=53|title=Seni Awa Camara - Pigozzi Collection 2019|work=CAACART - The Pigozzi Collection|accessdate=2019-01-16|archivedate=2019-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116200853/http://www.caacart.com/pigozzi-artist.php?i=Camara-Seni-Awa&bio=en&m=53}}</ref>O nyela ikike iji ọla nchara rụọ ọrụ ya ebe ọ bụ na terracottas dị oke egwu ịga njem.<ref name="africa.si.edu"/><ref name=":0"/> Ọrụ Camara dị na The Contemporary African Art Collection (CAAC) nke Jean Pigozzi.<ref name="africa.si.edu"/> Ụlọ ngosi Baronian na Brussels haziri ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nke Seyni Awa Camara, na 2020 na 2021. A ga-ahazi ọzọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2024. <ref>https://baronian.eu/artists/seyni-awa-camara/</ref> == Ihe ngosi onwe == * 2021. Ihe ngosi onwe onye Art Brussels na Baronian, Brussels (BE) <ref>{{Cite web|author=Baronian|title=Baronian {{!}} Seyni Awa Camara|url=https://baronian.eu/|accessdate=2022-09-20|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2020. "Maternités, Baronian Xippas." Brussels (BE) * 2017. "Art/Afrique, Le nouveau atelier": African art site na 1989 gaa n'ihu na Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://artradarjournal.com/2017/08/22/artafrique-le-nouvel-atelier-african-art-from-1989-onwards-at-fondation-louis-vuitton-paris/|title=“Art/Afrique, Le nouvel atelier”: African art from 1989 onwards at Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris {{!}} Art Radar|author=Chen|first=Junni|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-01-16|archivedate=2019-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116200832/http://artradarjournal.com/2017/08/22/artafrique-le-nouvel-atelier-african-art-from-1989-onwards-at-fondation-louis-vuitton-paris/}}</ref> * 2011. Seyni Awa Camara n'etiti ihe ndị dị n'ime, Galeria Kalao, Bilbao (ES) * 2011. Ebe a na-amụ nwa, Baronian Xippas, Brussels (BE) * 2010. El Vientre de la Tierra, Galeria Kalao, Bilbao (ES) * 2009. Seni Camara & Ndoye Douts, Galerie Nathalie Fiks, Paris (FR) * 2007/2008. N'ihi gịnị ka Africa ji mee?Pinacoteca Giovanni e Marella Agnelli, Turin, Ịtali * 2006/2007. 100% Africa, Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain * 2005. Nkà nke Africa, Grimaldi Forum, Monaco, France * 2005. African Art Now: Masterpieces si na Jean Pigozzi Collection, Museum of Fine Art Houston, USA * 2004. Séni Camara, De Crescenzo & Viesti, Rome, Italy * 1990. Séni Camara, Gallery 39, Dakar, Senegal * 1989. Ndị dibịa afa, Centre Pompidou, Paris, France == Ihe ngosi ìgwè == * 2021. Seyni Awa Camara na Olaf Holzapfel, Baronian Xippas, Knokke (BE) * 2021. Ihe fọdụrụnụ nke mkpọtụ, Seyni Awa Camara & Estevão Mucavele, MAGNIN-A, Paris (FR) * 2020. Ex Africa, nke Philippe Dagen haziri, Musée du quai Branly- Jacques Chirac, Paris (FR) * 2020. Radically Naïve / Naively Radical, ExtraCity, Antwerp (BE) * 2017. Alpha Crucis, nke André Magnin haziri, Musée Astrup Fearnley, Oslo (NO) * 2016. Art/Africa: ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ _ Les Initiés: nhọrọ nke ọrụ (1989-2009) nke nchịkọta nka oge a nke Africa Pigozzi, Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris (FR) * 2016. Ihe osise Paris Art Fair, Grand Palais, Paris (FR) * 2012. Ndị na-ere ihe nkiri, Carreau du temple, Paris (FR) * 2011. Figure Libre, Galerie Nathalie Fiks, Paris (FR) * 2009/2010. Chic Art Fair, Galerie Nathalie Fiks, Paris (FR) * 2007/2008. Afrịka? Una nuova storia, Complesso del Vittoriano, Rome (IT) * 2006/2007. N'ihi gịnị ka Africa ji mee?, Pinacoteca Giovanni na Marella Agnelli, Turin (IT) * 2005. 100% Africa, Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao (ES) * 2001. Nkà nke Africa, Grimaldi Forum, Monaco (FR) * 2001. African Art Now: Masterpieces si na Jean Pigozzi Collection, Museum of Fine Art Houston (US) * 2000. Rocca di Umbertide, Contemporary Art Center (IT) * 2000. Biennale nke Venice, mbipụta nke 49, Venice (IT) * 1992 - 1991. Il Ritorno Dei Maghi, Orvieto (IT) * 1989. Africa Taa, Contemporary Art Cultural Center (MX) * 1989. Groninger Museum (NL) The Atlantic Center of Modern Art, Las Palmas de Gran Canary (ES) Senegal Otto-Ritcher-Halle, Galerie des Institutd Für Auslandsbeziehungen Landesmuseum, Oldenburger Kunstverein (DE) * 1989. Ndị majik nke ụwa, Centre Georges Pompidou, La Grande Halle de la Villette, Paris (FR) 1989 == Edensibia == <references /> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] k7ydojdf1dfty1zxnsr9xs7p77gsfid 0 43956 628577 177096 2026-04-01T20:14:35Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628577 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Pepete.jpg|thumb|Pepete.]] José Dámaso Rodríguez y Rodríguez (11 Disemba 1824 – 20 nuni 1862), nke a mara dị ka Pepete, bụ onye agha oke ehi na Spen na etiti afụ nke 19. Ọ bụ matador mbụ ama ama nke aha otutu a mara. == Akụkọ ndụ == A Washington José Dámaso Rodríguez y Rodríguez na 1824 na mpaghara La Merced nke Córdoba, Spain .  O sonyeere ekiri, , አካላዊ anụ ụlọ, ma lụo obere nwa Rafaela Bejarano, onye sitere na isiokwu ndị na-alụ ehi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2009-05-10|title=El torero de los corros infantiles y del malfario de los Miuras|url=https://www.eldiadecordoba.es/cordoba/torero-corros-infantiles-malfario-Miuras_0_257974285.html|accessdate=2021-11-22|work=El Día de Córdoba|language=es-ES}} [[Òtù:CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)]]</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=Luis|first=Jose|date=2003-03-18|title=Pepete, apodo fatídico|language=es|work=El Día de Córdoba|url=http://www.diariocordoba.com/noticias/noticia.asp?pkid=47466}}</ref>Ọ akwụkwọ ịlụ n'okpuru aha Pepete, isi na cuadrillas nke Antonio Luque Camara na José Redondo "El Chiclanero" [  [1] O weere alternativa na 12 Ọgọst 1850 na Seville, n'agbanyeghị na ụfọdụ ndị ɔkɔ ihe mere mere.  eme ekwetaghị maka kpọmkwem ụbọchị na ebe ọ nọ .  [1] [2] Afọ abụọ ka e hụ, na 4 Julaị 1852, ọ bụ nna ụka na Madrid, ma ọ ga-abụ afọ ruo mgbe ọ ga-enweta osisi ya, ma ọ bụ nna nke ọkwa ya, n'aka.  Cayetano Sanz[ ] 27 1853. A na-ele Pepete anya dị ka onye na-alụ ọgụ siri ike nke nwere obi ụtọ ọha na eze, dị ka ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka ịgba egwu ahụ dịka ọ na-achọ ego. A na-ekwu na n'otu oge, ebe ọ merụrụ ahụ n'obi site na ịbịaru oke ehi ahụ nso, o mesịrị gosi ndị enyi ya ọnyá ya wee sị: "... M na-eji ''meicina'' a gwọọ onwe m ụdị ihe a" - ọla edo ahụ. mkpụrụ ego ọ natara dị ka ụgwọ ya. N'afọ ndị 1850, ọ gara njem nlegharị anya kacha mkpa n'ofe Spain, na-enweta nkwado ma ndị Fans na ọtụtụ mmerụ ahụ. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":0" />Na 20 mmụọ 1862, na mgbanaka ehi na Madrid, ehi nke abụọ nke ehihie, otu ehi Miura aha ya bụ Jocinero, picador n'oge suerte de varas [ es ], na-eme ka Pepete wụba n'ime ka ebulu ya n 'ịnyịnya ya. [1] Otú ọ dị, ehi ahụ mkpa Pepete n'obi. Matador ji gbaa bilie gawa na nsatọ mgbanaka ahụ, ebe ọ dara n'ọhụụ. <ref name=":1" /> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} m8bwjh9ihop4hnna5z46rlxcck5s0l6 0 43957 628578 177093 2026-04-01T20:16:11Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628578 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:José Gallego Mateo (Pepete).png|thumb|José Gallego Mateo (Pepete).]] José Gallego Mateo (19 Maachị 1883 – 7 September 1910), [1] [2] nke a mara dị ka Pepete III, bụ onye mba Spain. == Ọrụ == Matador a egwuregwu Seville bụ José Gallego Mateo Mateo na carteles taurinos [ es ], ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ mmado Nkwado, dị ka José Claro "Pepete," ikike n'ihi na aha nna ya bụ Gallego yiri ka ọ dabara adaba maka onye na-  agba ehi.  ( Gallego ere " onye Galician," ọ dịghịkwa mkparị na Galicia n'oge ahụ.) <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|author=Cebrián|first=José Antonio Ayuste|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SHNNDwAAQBAJ|title=Los carteles malditos y otros misterios taurinos|date=2017-03-21|publisher=Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial España|isbn=978-84-9112-876-2|language=en}}</ref>Mgbe o nwesịrị alternativa na 1905, [1] onye aka nri dị ka onye na-agba ehi na Spain na-ebu na Mexico .  [2] Dị ka ndị ha na ya dịkọrọ ndụ si kwuo, ọ nwere obi ike ma nwee usoro mma, ma ọ na-ama ahụ nke ukwuu ugboro ugboro ugboro-ugboro asaa n'ime afọ ise ọ dị ka matador. [[Usòrò:1909-06-09,_Actualidades,_Cogida_de_Pepete,_Irigoyen.jpg|alt=A magazine report of one of Pepete's previous injuries in 1909.|center|thumb|300x300px| Akụkọ banyere otu n'ime mmerụ ahụ Pepete na 1909.]] <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Maldonado|first=Antonio Hita|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EgCJIp0sw6gC|title=El flamenco en la discografía antigua: la International Zonophone Company : historia y discografía flamenca (1905-1912) : un estudio para aficionados y coleccionistas|date=2002|publisher=Universidad de Sevilla|isbn=978-84-472-0725-1|language=es}}</ref>Na 7 September 1910, na mgbagbu Murcia n'oge mano a mano ya na onye na-agba ehi Machaquito [ es ], ehi mbụ nke ehihie, "Estudiante" sitere na Parladé [ es ] anụ ụlọ, kwatuo otu picador . Pepete gbara ọsọ ọsọ iji nyere picador aka, mana ehi ahụ mikpuru mpi ya n'apata ụkwụ aka nri nke matador, gbajie akwaa femoral ya. Pepete die ndụ ole na ole ka e ịhụ n'iche ọgwụ ndị na-emegbu mmadụ. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2009-09-07|title=Efemérides Taurinas del 7 de Septiembre de 2009|url=http://suertematador.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1583&Itemid=150|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610183203/http://suertematador.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1583&Itemid=150|archivedate=2015-06-10|work=Suerte Matador|language=es}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} csxy52rwzjtr4g2nfl5dn58ox5goueh 0 43958 628579 177064 2026-04-01T20:18:32Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628579 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:José Rodríguez, Pepete.jpg|thumb|José Rodríguez, Pepete.]] .José Gallego Mateo (19 Maachị 1883 – 7 September 1910), [1] [2] nke a mara dị ka Pepete III, bụ onye mba Spain. <ref name=":0" /> A anim Rodríguez Davié na San Fernando, Cádiz, na 1867. [1] [2] Mgbe ọ gachara na South America ruo nwa oge, [2] o were alternativa na El Puerto de Santa María n'August 1891, n'aka Luis. Mazzantini [ ] [1] A nna-kwa ya dị ka onye na-agba ehi na Madrid n'oge na-adịghị anya, n'okpuru ebuka nke Rafael Guerra Bejarano, onye ya na ya na-ere akara mano a mano n' ogụ ya na oke ehi sitere na Bañuelos anụ nkụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị Fans hụrụ ya dị ka ndị na-ekwe nkwa n'oge ọrụ ya, oge ya dị ka onye na-agba ehi mechara bịa na njedebe dị egwu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Luis|first=Jose|date=2003-03-18|title=Pepete, apodo fatídico|work=Diario Córdoba|url=http://www.diariocordoba.com/noticias/noticia.asp?pkid=47466}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLuis2003">Luis, Jose (2003-03-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928034136/http://www.diariocordoba.com/noticias/noticia.asp?pkid=47466 "Pepete, apodo fatídico"]. ''Diario Córdoba''. Archived from [http://www.diariocordoba.com/noticias/noticia.asp?pkid=47466 the original] on 2007-09-28.</cite></ref> Na 12 Septemba 1899, na Fitero bullring, ehi "Cantinero" nke Zalduendo ranch [ es ] mapụrụ ihe mgbochi n'azụ ya wee gwuo ya n'apata ụkwụ nke ukwuu. Pepete nwụrụ n'echi ya. <ref name=":0" /> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} i8zgep8gvchjpx9myzfdilvj3qh4xx1 0 44322 628570 165873 2026-04-01T19:16:10Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628570 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tete Dallé Penda Jeannot''', onye a maara site na aha egwu ya bụ '''Penda Dallé''', (N'afọ otu puku iri ise na asatọ - n'ubochi iri abụo na isii nke ọnwa Disemba puku abụọ iri abụo na abụo) bụ onye kamerun na-ese ihe na onye na-eti egwu.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Arabo|first=Idrissou|date=26 December 2022|title=L'artiste musicien Camerounais, PENDA DALLE est décédé|url=https://www.culturebene.com/75047-lartiste-musicien-camerounais-penda-dalle-est-decede.html|language=French|work=Culturebene|accessdate=28 December 2022}}</ref> Ọ nwetara aha ọjọọ na otu puku narị itoolu na iri asatọ s n'ihi ịrị elu nke telivishọn na oge ọlaedo nke Makossa. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Tete Dallé Penda Jeannot n'afọ 1958. <ref name="Journal">{{Cite news|author=Ndé Tchoussi|first=Emile Zola|date=26 December 2022|title=Cameroun : avec le décès de Penda Dallé, la série noire continue|url=https://www.journalducameroun.com/cameroun-avec-le-deces-de-penda-dalle-la-serie-noire-continue/|language=French|work=Journal du Cameroun|accessdate=28 December 2022}}</ref> Ọ malitere ọrụ egwu ya n'afọ ndị 1970, na-akpọ ụbọ akwara n'òtù Les New-Stars, nke sitere na Bonadibong , Douala . [1] N'afọ 1976, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ, ọ sonyeere Ndị agha Cameroon, ebe ọ nọrọ afọ anọ ma kpọọ egwu n'òtù ndị agha mmiri.[1]<ref name="Journal" /> Ezigbo onye na-akpọ ụbọ akwara, Dallé na-akpọ maka Emile Kangué. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya n'onwe ya na 1980 wee wepụta otu 45 tours Se to mba / Ne nde muna musango . <ref name="Journal" /> N'akụkụ Kangué, o guzobere otu La Musette . [1]<ref name="Journal" /> Penda Dallé nwụrụ na Paris na 26 Disemba 2022, mgbe ọ dị afọ 64.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Happi|first=Christian|date=26 December 2022|title=Nécrologie : Décès du chanteur Penda Dalle|url=https://actucameroun.com/2022/12/26/necrologie-deces-du-chanteur-penda-dalle/|language=French|work=Actu Cameroun|accessdate=28 December 2022}}</ref> == Nkọwapụta == * ''Bonadibong''<ref name="Journal" /> * == Edensibia== {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Penda Dallédiski naDiscogs {{Authority control}} 6rx9cw52jeu2nw9a0hh3n96eujo8uub 0 44559 628549 201083 2026-04-01T14:01:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628549 wikitext text/x-wiki Ronald Moody (12 Ọgọst 1900 – 6 Febrụwarị 1984) bụ onye ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama n’osisi osisi. Ọrụ ya na mkpokọta gụnyere National Portrait Gallery na Tate Britain na London, yana National Gallery nke Jamaica. Ọ bụ nwanne nke onye na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ Harold Moody na ọkà mmụta physiologist Ludlow Moody nwetara ihe nrite.. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Moody Ronald Clive Moody na 1900 na [[Kingston|Kingston, Jamaica]], n'ime ezinụlọ ọkachamara bara ọgaranya. Ọ gara Calabar College, Jamaica, kwaga England na 1923 iji mụọ ọgwụ ezé na King's College London, nweta akara ugo mmụta ya na 1930.<ref name="UCL">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200205163328/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/equiano-centre/educational-resources/fusion-worlds/artists/ronald-moody-sculpture-and-interwar-britain "Ronald Moody: Sculpture and interwar Britain"], The Equiano Centre, UCL, 16 June 2015.</ref> Na London, ihe British Museum na-anakọta ihe osise ndị na-abụghị nke ọdịda anyanwụ kpaliri ya ma kpebie ịghọ onye na-ese ihe. Nnyocha mbụ ya na ụrọ mere ka ọ kụziere onwe ya otu esi akpụ ihe. O mepụtara ihe oyiyi mbụ ya a tụrụ n'osisi oak. A kpọrọ ya ''Wohin'' (nke pụtara na German "ebe ị ga-aga?", aha abụ nke Schubert), Marie Seton zụrụ ihe a tụrụ atụ na 1935 . <ref name="Manheim">Manheim, James, [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2873200050.html "Moody, Ronald 1900–1984"], ''Contemporary Black Biography'', 2002. Encyclopedia.com.</ref><ref>Indepth Arts News: [https://web.archive.org/web/20161220221545/http://www.absolutearts.com/artsnews/2003/03/26/30871.html "Ronald Moody 1900 – 1984: A Reputation Restored"], absolutearts.com, 2002.</ref> [[Usòrò:"Annie"_-_NARA_-_559113.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|''Annie'' (1938) ]] Otu n'ime ọrụ ndị a ma ama nke Moody site n'oge a bụ nnukwu isi nwanyị ya, ''Midonz'' (1937), <ref name="Midonz">[http://vads.ac.uk/large.php?uid=72922 ''Midonz''] at The African & Asian Visual Artists Archive.</ref> nke ọ kọwara dị ka "chi nwanyị nke mgbanwe". <ref>[http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/moody-midonz-t13324 "Ronald Moody | Midonz | 1937"], Tate.</ref> Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha afọ 1930, ọ chịkọtara ọrụ dị egwu ma nwee ihe ngosi onwe ya na Paris, France. Ihe ịga nke ọma nke ihe ngosi ahụ gbara ya ume ịkwaga Paris na 1938. N'afọ ahụ, e zigara ihe oyiyi iri na abụọ na Harmon Foundation na United States ka etinye ha n'ihe ngosi na Baltimore Museum of Art na Dallas Museum of Art.<ref>Bridget R. Cooks, [https://books.google.com/books?id=sxHCWUnRGyQC&q=ronald+moody+&pg=PA28 ''Exhibiting Blackness: African Americans and the American Art Museum''], University of Massachusetts Press, 2011 , pp. 26, 28, 29, 30, 34.</ref> Ihe ịga nke ọma Moody na France dị mkpụmkpụ site na mmalite nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]]. N'afọ 1940, ụbọchị abụọ tupu Paris adaa n'aka ndị Germany, a manyere ya ịgbapụ n'obodo ahụ, na-ahapụ ihe ọkpụkpụ ya.<ref name="Tate">[http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/ronald-moody-2298 Ronald Moody - Artist biography], Tate website.</ref> (A natara ha mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, tinyere ọrụ ndị e zigara na US maka ngosi.) <ref name="UCL"/> Mgbe ọ gbapụrụ na Paris, Moody gara France, gafee Pyrenees banye na [[Spain]], ma mesịa laghachi England n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1941.<ref name="Tate"/> Ihe ịga nke ọma ya na Paris sochiri ya gaa London, ebe ọ maliteghachiri ọrụ ya mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị ma nwee ihe ngosi otu onye na Mee 1946 na Arcade Gallery, na Bond Street.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140503060109/http://primoartdiscoverytours.co.uk/published-work/76-black-british-history-extract-2 "Black British artists who have risen to prominence post-1945"], Black British History Extract 2.</ref> N'afọ 1946, o mere isi ọla nchara nke nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye Harold Moody (1882-1947, onye guzobere League of Coloured Peoples). <ref>[http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait.php?search=ap&npgno=6380#artist "Harold Moody"], National Portrait Gallery, reference 6380.</ref> Site na 1950 ruo na mbido afọ 1960 ihe ngosi London mere ka Ronald Moody nwee ọnụnọ na-arịwanye elu na nka Britain. N'afọ 1964, o mepụtara ihe a tụrụ atụ a na-akpọ ''Savacou'' maka Mahadum nke West Indies (UWI), <ref>[http://www.petrinearcher.com/ronald-moody Petrine Archer website.]</ref> ihe ngosi nke nnụnụ, nke dị na ogige UWI na Mona, Jamaica. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe jikọtara ya na Caribbean Artists Movement (CAM) nke e guzobere na London (1966-72). <ref>[[Errol Lloyd|Lloyd, Errol]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20231027225710/https://www.bl.uk/windrush/articles/caribbean-artists-movement-1966-1972 "Caribbean Artists Movement (1966–1972)"], ''Windrush Stories'', [[British Library]], 4 October 2018.</ref> Moody nwụrụ na London na 1984, ọ dị afọ 83. Nwa nwanne ya bụ Cynthia Moody, bụ onye ketara ala ya, mechara tinye onwe ya n'ịdekọ na ịkwalite ọrụ nwanne nna ya..<ref>[[Anne Walmsley]], [https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2013/jul/15/cynthia-moody-obituary "Cynthia Moody obituary"], ''The Guardian'', 15 July 2013.</ref> == Nsọpụrụ na ihe nketa == N'afọ 1977 E nyere Moody ihe nrite ọla edo nke Musgrave nke Jamaica, na na 1980 na Centenary Medal site na Institute of Jamaica, n'agbanyeghị na ọ nweghị nnukwu ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ya mere n'agwaetiti obodo ya n'oge ndụ ya.<ref>[[Eddie Chambers (artist)|Eddie Chambers]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=OfBeBAAAQBAJ&dq=ronald+moody+sculptor&pg=PT23 "Chapter One: The Pioneering Generation of Caribbean Artists"], ''Black Artists in British Art: A History since the 1950s'', London: I.B.Tauris, 2014.</ref> N'afọ 2000, ihe ngosi mbụ nke ọrụ ya mere na National Gallery of Jamaica . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230113104907/http://new.diaspora-artists.net/display_item.php?id=48&table=artists "Ronald Moody"], Diaspora Artists.</ref> Ọrụ ya gosipụtara na ngosi No Colour Bar: Black British Art in Action 1960-1990 nke emere na Guildhall Art Gallery, London, site na 10 Julaị 2015 ruo 24 Jenụwarị 2016. <ref>[https://www.nocolourbar.org/ronald-moody "Ronald Moody"], ''No Colour Bar'' website.</ref> A gụrụ oghere Moody na Mercury aha ya na Nọvemba 2008. <ref>[http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/gallery/sciencePhotos/image.php?page=1&gallery_id=2&image_id=300 "Moody Sculpts Mercury's Surface"], ''MESSENGER'', 14 April 2009.</ref><ref>[http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA12044 "PIA12044: Moody Sculpts Mercury's Surface"], ''Photojournal'', NASA.</ref> == Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ == gjgsiz9yzcnwlzn54v4k4zppmv63tfj 0 45684 628642 452441 2026-04-02T03:55:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628642 wikitext text/x-wiki   <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rovetv.net/sb-press.html|title=Sanford Biggers/Notions|author=Schachter Rove|first=Kenny|accessdate=2010-07-12|publisher=rovetv.net|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102123226/http://www.rovetv.net/sb-press.html|archivedate=2011-01-02}}</ref>Sanford Biggers bụ onye na-ese ihe na-arụkọ ọrụ na Harlem nke na-arụ ọrụ na fim/video, ihe, ihe ọkpụkpụ, egwu, na-arụ ọrụ .  [1] Onye amaala LA, ọ biela ma ọrụ na New York City 1999. == Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Ụlọ Biggers na Los Angeles, California.  [1] Ọ bụ nwa nke neurosurgeon, nna ya, na onye akwụkwọ, nne ya.  [2] Ọmá BA site na Morehouse College na Atlanta, Georgia, onye MFA sitere na oflọ Akwụkwọ nke Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois wee gaa Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture na 1998. [1] Biggers na-ekwu na n'ihi  nnukwu nnukwu klaasịka na Morehouse, a poly ya ka ọ were ọtụtụ klaas ya na-ahụ Spelman ụmụ amụrụ niile. . <ref>{{Cite web|title=On the Record With ... Sanford Biggers|url=http://www.bet.com/news/national/2014/02/20/on-the-record-with-sanford-biggers.html|work=BET.com|publisher=|accessdate=2015-11-11|author=Biggers|first=Sanford|date=2014-02-20|authorlink=Sanford Biggers}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Biggers buru ụzọ nke nlebara anya dị egwu mgbe ọrụ ya na David Ellis, Mandala nke B-Bodhisattva II, na-akpọ ihe ngosi "Freestyle", nke Thelma Golden akwụkwọ na Studio Museum na Harlem na 2001. [1] [2] [  3] Ebe ọ bụ na egosila ọrụ ya na mba ụwa Tate Modern na London, Renaissance Society na Chicago, [4] Prospect 1 na New Orleans na Whitney Biennial, Kitchen na Performa 07 (nke Roselee Goldberg akwụkwọ) na New York.  [5] [3] [6] Nkà nke Biggers na-ezokarị aka n'okirikiri ndị Africa-American, egwu hip hop, ndị Buddha, ime ohere Africa, Indo-European Vodoun, jazz, Afrofuturism, omenala obodo na akara ngosi.  sitere na Americana .  [7] [8] [9] [10] O kwuwo na ya mfeghị "ọ dịghị ọkwa usoro oge, ntụaka ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi" [11] na ọrụ ya ntụgharị uche na nkwalite.  [10] Ọ na-ekwu na isiokwu ya bụ "e bu n'obi mgbochi na a anya anya ịgụ na ihe mere eme America."  Ọ na- I syncretism mee ka njikọ dị n'etiti omume omenala ndị yiri ka ọ dị iche.  [7] [8] Iji mee ka onye na-ekiri ya bụrụ ihe na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Biggers na- ike ihe ọkpụkpụ ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngosi.  [11] N'ịbụ onye ngosi ọtụtụ oge ndụ ya na-akpọ piano, ihe a na-eme ihe nkiri na-ese ụdị egwu.  [9] Ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na ọrụ egwu na Saul Williams aka Niggy Tardust, Esthero, Martin Luther McCoy, Imani Uzuri, Rich Medina, [11] na Jahi Sundance <ref name="whitehotmagazine1">{{Cite web|url=http://whitehotmagazine.com/articles/2010-interview-with-sanford-biggers/2054|title=WM &#124; whitehot magazine of contemporary art &#124; April 2010, Interview with Sanford Biggers|publisher=|date=|accessdate=2010-07-15}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, Biggers si na onye na-ahụ maka ya pụọ site na-ese ihe na quilts nke ụmụ ndị nwe ohu nyere ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MAM Art Talks Thursday : Sanford Biggers - Baristanet|url=http://baristanet.com/2014/11/mam-art-talks-sanford-biggers/|work=Baristanet|accessdate=2015-11-11|language=en-US|author=Gilmore|first=Georgette|date=2014-11-14}}</ref> Biggers bụ Mgbakwunye ngalaba na Virginia Commonwealth University Sculpture and Expanded Media program, ma ọ bụrụ na onye oji malite na Ngalaba VES nke Mahadum Harvard na 2009. [1] [2] Ọ bụbu osote prọfesọ na mmemme Visual Arts nke Mahadum Columbia. . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wwwapp.cc.columbia.edu/art/app/arts/visual_arts/faculty.jsp|title=Visual Arts Faculty - Columbia University School of the Arts Graduate MFA Programs|publisher=Pp.cc.columbia.edu|accessdate=2010-07-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107222448/http://wwwapp.cc.columbia.edu/art/app/arts/visual_arts/faculty.jsp|archivedate=January 7, 2009}}</ref> == Nkwenye == N'afọ 2019, ewebatara Biggers na New York Foundation maka ndị ọchịchị nke ama ama.  [1] Na 2010, e nyere Biggers ihe nrite Greenfield na Hermitage Artist Retreat, ebe obibi afọ abụọ na ọrụ ọhụrụ.  [2] Kọmishọna ahụ hibere isi ihe Sanford Biggers: Codex, ihe ngosi 2012 solo na Ringling Museum [3] nke Matthew McLendon chepụtara.. Na 2009 ọ natara ihe nrite William H. Johnson [1] ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị ikpeazụ a atọ maka ajụjụ mba ụwa mbụ Jack Wolgin na Fine Arts, ihe nrite izi ukwuu n'ụwakwuru onye na-ese ihe nkiri.  Biggers na 2008 atụmatụ nturu ugo Creative Capital na ikike nke Visual Arts.  [2] Biggers bụ onye na-ese ihe na Eyebeam na 2000. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanford Biggers {{!}} eyebeam.org|url=http://eyebeam.org/people/sanford-biggers|work=eyebeam.org|accessdate=2016-01-28}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=iniva: Sanford Biggers|url=http://www.iniva.org/library/archive/people/b/biggers_sanford|work=www.iniva.org|accessdate=2016-02-01|archivedate=2016-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020253/http://www.iniva.org/library/archive/people/b/biggers_sanford}}</ref> Na 2018 Biggers gbara ọnụ site na Vinson Cunningham, onye ode akwụkwọ maka akwụkwọ ozi New Yorker, mgbochi ya na nka ndị askarta nke oge a yana ọrụ ya na ọrụ Black Lives Matter .  [1] Ọzọkwa na 2018 Biggers nyere nka site na American Academy of Arts and Letters . <ref>{{Cite web|title=2018 Ceremonial Exhibition: Work by New Members and Recipients of Awards – American Academy of Arts and Letters|url=https://artsandletters.org/pressrelease/2018-ceremonial-exhibition-work-by-new-members-and-recipients-of-awards/|work=artsandletters.org|accessdate=2018-05-29}}</ref> Na 2021, Biggers ihe nrite Heinz nke afọ 26 maka nka. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Heinz Awards :: Sanford Biggers|url=https://www.heinzawards.net/recipients/sanford-biggers|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=www.heinzawards.net}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi == Isi mmalite ma ọ bụrụ na edeghị ya ọzọ: <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://sanfordbiggers.com/galleries/exhibition|title=Exhibitions|publisher=Sanford Biggers official website|accessdate=December 5, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> === Solo === "Sanford Biggers" - Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.  Septemba 7 - Disemba 30, 2018 * "Selah" - Marianne Boesky Gallery, New York, New York. Septemba 7 - Ọktoba 21, 2017 * "Oge gara aga Ha wetara ha" - Monique Meloche Gallery, Chicago, Illinois. Febụwarị 11 - Eprel 2, 2016 * "Shuffle, Shake - Everson Museum" - Urban Video Project (UVP) na Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, New York. Nọvemba 6 - Disemba 27, 2014 * "Dollar 3 na Dimes isii" - David Castillo Gallery, Miami, Florida. Mee 15 - Julaị 5, 2014 * "Vex" - Baldwin Gallery, Aspen, Colorado. Ọnwa Isii 27–20, 2014 * "Sugar, anụ ezi, Bourbon" - Massimo De Carlo Gallery, Milan, Italy. Eprel 5 - Mee 18, 2013 * "kpakpando gbara ọchịchịrị" - Eric Firestone Gallery, East Hampton, New York. Julaị 6–22, 2013 * "Ago" - Monique Meloche Gallery, Chicago, Illinois. Eprel 13-June, 2013 * "Ndị na-ese ihe nkiri Conundrum" - Mass MoCA, North Adams, Massachusetts. Ọktoba 2012 * "Codex" - John na Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, Florida. Maachị 30 - Ọktoba 14, 2012 * "Sweet Funk - Ihe Introspective" - Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York. Septemba 23, 2011 - Jenụwarị 8, 2012 * "Cosmic Voodoo Circus" - SculptureCenter, Long Island City, Queens, New York. Septemba 10 - Nọvemba 28, 2011 * "Ọgwụgwọ ọnwa" - Museum of Contemporary Arts, Santa Barbara, California. 2010 * "Osisi" - Grand Arts, Kansas City, Missouri Septemba 7 - Ọktoba 20, 2007 <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWVvljDR_tA "Blossom" by Sanford Biggers, 2007]</ref> <ref>[https://brooklynmuseum.tumblr.com/post/622171836440035328/blossom-by-sanford-biggers-is-a-monumental Brooklyn Museum]</ref> === Otu === * "Ihe" - David Castillo Gallery, Miami, Florida. Disemba 1, 2015 - Jenụwarị 31, 2016 * "Ndị na-ese ihe asatọ" - Paula Copper Gallery, New York, New York Nọvemba 10 -- Disemba 22, 2012 * "Ihe ngosi emume 2018: Ọrụ nke ndị òtù ọhụrụ na ndị nnata nke onyinye" - American Academy of Arts and Letters . <ref>{{Cite web|title=2018 Ceremonial Exhibition: Work by New Members and Recipients of Awards – American Academy of Arts and Letters|url=https://artsandletters.org/pressrelease/2018-ceremonial-exhibition-work-by-new-members-and-recipients-of-awards/|work=artsandletters.org|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == A na-arụ ọrụ Biggers na mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide: * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na Harlem <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanford Biggers|url=https://studiomuseum.org/artist/sanford-biggers|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.studiomuseum.org}}</ref> * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanford Biggers|url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/artists/16382/objects|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.brooklynmuseum.org|archivedate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224211020/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/artists/16382/objects}}</ref> * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke ọgbara ọhụrụ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanford Biggers|url=https://www.moma.org/artists/40057|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.moma.org}}</ref> * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Whitney <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanford Biggers|url=https://whitney.org/artists/7849|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.whitney.org}}</ref> * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke oge a na Chicago <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanford Biggers|url=https://mcachicago.org/About/Who-We-Are/Artists/Sanford-Biggers|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.mcachicago.org}}</ref> * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke obodo ukwu <ref>{{Cite web|title=Borne by the River|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/848450?sortBy=Relevance&amp;ft=Sanford+Biggers&amp;offset=0&amp;rpp=40&amp;pos=1|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.metmuseum.org}}</ref> * Minnesota Museum of American Art <ref>{{Cite web|title=Semaphore|url=https://collections.artsmia.org/art/137873/semaphore-sanford-biggers|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.collections.artsmia.org}}</ref> * Walker Art Center <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanford Biggers|url=https://walkerart.org/collections/artists/sanford-biggers|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.walkerart.org}}</ref> * Mkpokọta Phillips <ref>{{Cite web|title=SANFORD BIGGERS|url=https://www.phillipscollection.org/artist/sanford-biggers|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.phillipscollection.org}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.marianneboeskygallery.com/artists/sanford-biggers Sanford Biggers na Marianne Boesky Gallery] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140202220050/http://www.thejewishmuseum.org/exhibitions/biggers-zackin Sanford Biggers na Jennifer Zackin: obere ụwa ...] Ihe ngosi 2012 na The Jewish Museum, NY. * [https://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/art/11999/ Gosi ma gwa: Sanford Biggers], ''NY Mag'' * [http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2009/11/strange-fruit-indeed/ 'Mkpụrụ ala ọzọ,' n'ezie], ''Harvard Gazette'' * [http://www.independent.com/news/2010/mar/18/sanford-biggerss-moon-medicine-contemporary-arts-f/ Ọgwụ ọnwa Sanford Biggers na Contemporary Arts Forum], ''Santa Barbara Independent'' * [http://www.oregonlive.com/art/index.ssf/2009/06/review_sanford_biggers_at_the.html Nyochaa: Sanford Biggers na Portland Art Museum], ''Oregon Live'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071323/http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20100124/article/1241006?p=2&tc=pg Onye meriri ihe nrite Greenfield nke afọ a na-agbaze ọtụtụ talent na echiche], ''Herald Tribune'' * [https://allarts.wliw.org/programs/the-c-files-with-maria-brito/sanford-biggers-and-for-freedoms-xno9wc/ Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị miri emi, obi ike na ọgaranya nke Harlem's Sanford Biggers], ''Nkà niile'' * [https://www.rockefellercenter.com/magazine/arts-culture/sanford-biggers-opens-multimedia-installation-at-rockefeller-center/ Sanford Biggers na-emepe ntinye mgbasa ozi na Rockefeller Center] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2t297x0lw62ammoq91171roqi8q9axv 0 45955 628646 452455 2026-04-02T04:23:28Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|image=Sara Hegazy 01.jpg|caption=Sarah Hegazi}} {{Databox}}'''Sarah Hegazi''' ( Arabic ; 1 Ọktoba 1989 – 14 June 2020), sụkwara '''Hegazy''' ma ọ bụ '''Higazy''', bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị, onye ode akwụkwọ, na onye na-akwado nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=After Crackdown, Egypt's LGBT Community Contemplates 'Dark Future'|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/06/18/620110576/after-crackdown-egypts-lgbt-community-contemplates-dark-future|accessdate=2020-06-14|work=NPR|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Noury">{{Cite web|author=Noury|first=Riccardo|date=15 June 2020|title=In memoria di Sara Higazy - Focus On Africa -|url=https://www.focusonafrica.info/in-memoria-di-sara-higazy/|accessdate=2020-06-16|work=Focus On Africa|language=it-IT}}</ref> E jidere ya, tụọ ya mkpọrọ na taa ya ahụhụ na Egypt ọnwa atọ ka ọ fesịrị ọkọlọtọ egwurugwu na egwu egwu Mashrou 'Leila na 2017 na Cairo . <ref name="MEE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/egypt-lgbtq-activist-sarah-hegazi-suicide-trauma|title='Egypt failed her': LGBT activist kills herself in Canada after suffering post-prison trauma|work=Middle East Eye|date=15 June 2020}}</ref> Hegazi, bụ́ onye ya na PTSD bi n'ihi ahụhụ a tara ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'Ijipt, nyere ikike mgbaba na Canada, biri n'ebe ahụ ruo mgbe o gburu onwe ya. == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Hegazi na 1 October 1989 na ezinụlọ ndị na-eme mgbanwe na Egypt nke etiti; ọ bụ ọkpara n'ime ụmụnne anọ. O nyeere nne ya aka ilekọta ụmụnne ya mgbe nna ya, onye nkuzi sayensị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nwụsịrị. Foto nke Hegazi na-eto eto yi uwe [[Àlakụ̀ba|Islam]] na-agbanwe agbanwe, gụnyere hijab, pụtara mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. <ref>{{Cite news|date=15 June 2020|title=كيف تحول موت سارة حجازي إلى سجال "فكري ديني"؟|language=ar|work=BBC News Arabic|url=https://www.bbc.com/arabic/trending-53056635|accessdate=2020-06-26}}</ref> Hegazi yi hijab ruo mgbe ọ pụtara dị ka nwanyị nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|title=بعد أسبوع من انتحارها.. مشاهد من تشييع جنازة سارة حجازي في كنيسة بكندا|url=https://www.alwatanvoice.com/arabic/news/2020/06/24/1347206.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626101517/https://www.alwatanvoice.com/arabic/news/2020/06/24/1347206.html|archivedate=2020-06-26|accessdate=2020-06-26|work=دنيا الوطن|date=24 June 2020|language=ar}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ashraf|first=Aya|date=23 June 2020|title=من كنيسة وبأعلام المثلية.. لقطات من جنازة سارة حجازي|url=https://honna.elwatannews.com/news/details/2066877/%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626102225/https://honna.elwatannews.com/news/details/2066877/%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A|archivedate=June 26, 2020|accessdate=October 1, 2021|work=Elwatan News|language=ar}}</ref> Na 2010, Hegazi gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Thebas Academy na nzere bachelọ na sistemụ ozi yana Mahadum America dị na Cairo Na-aga n'ihu Education Center na 2016. Site na mmụta dị anya, Hegazi dechara asambodo na "Ịlụ ọgụ maka nha anya: 1950-2018", "Feminism and Social Justice", "Ụzọ nyocha", "Diversity na nsonye n'ebe ọrụ", na "Ịghọta ime ihe ike" na Mahadum Columbia, Mahadum nke California Santa Cruz, SOAS University of [[London]], Mahadum Pittsburgh, na Mahadum Emory . <ref name="insta">{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B1XtvcmhAJW/|title=Instagram}}</ref> <ref name="insta2">{{Cite web|title=Sarah Hegazi on Instagram: "Diversity in the workplace. نستقبل مباركتكم في الكورس الثالث اللي خلصته."|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BxNs_Q-hPaA/|work=Instagram}}</ref> <ref name="insta3">{{Cite web|title=Sarah Hegazi on Instagram: "ياعبسلام تاني شهادة في كورسات الاونلاين ، والمرة دي عن النسوية والعدالة الاجتماعية ."|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BwskpbWhxwp/|work=Instagram}}</ref> == Echiche Ndị Ndọrọndọrọ Ọchịchị == [[Usòrò:Sara_Hegazy_04.jpg|thumb| Hegazi n'oge ngagharị iwe na Canada]] Hegazi chọpụtara dị ka onye Kọmunist ma kwadoo Bread and Freedom Party mgbe ọ bi na Egypt, wee tinye aka na Spring Socialist Network ozugbo na Canada. <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=Our tribute to comrade/rafeqa Sarah Hegazi|url=https://springmag.ca/our-tribute-to-comrade-rafeqa-sarah-hegazi|work=springmag.ca|date=14 June 2020}}</ref> Hegazi kọrọ na a chụrụ ya n’ọrụ n’ihi imegide ọchịchị Sisi n’Ijipt. <ref name="spring">{{Cite web|title=Interview: lessons from Egypt's counter-revolution for Sudan|url=https://springmag.ca/interview-lessons-from-egypts-counter-revolution-for-sudan|work=springmag.ca|date=17 July 2019}}</ref> Afọ itoolu mgbe mgbanwe ndị Ijipt nke 2011 gasịrị, Hegazi dere na "ọchịchị ochie ahụ ga-anwale ihe ọ bụla, ọbụna na-achụ àjà dị mkpa akara ngosi nke ọchịchị ha, ka ha nọrọ n'ọchịchị ma ọ bụ nwetaghachi ike", na-akọwa President el-Sisi dị ka "onye kasị emegbu na onye ọchịchị aka ike na-eme ihe ike na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oge a" na-ede na "ndị na-eme mgbanwe kwenyere na agha ahụ bụ otu nke klas". <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|title=The Egyptian revolution: Nine years later|url=https://springmag.ca/the-egyptian-revolution-nine-years-later|work=springmag.ca|date=25 January 2020}}</ref> Hegazi dere na n'ihi mgbanwe mgbanwe a hapụrụ ezughị ezu, "ọtụtụ n'ime anyị nọ ugbu a n'ili, n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma ọ bụ n'ala ọzọ." <ref name="auto1" /> == Mkpagbu n'Ijipt == === Jide na mgbapu === Na Septemba 22, 2017, Sarah Hegazi gara otu egwu maka ndị otu [[Lebanon|Lebanọn]] Mashrou 'Leila nke onye na-agụ egwú bụ Hamed Sinno, bụ nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke n'ezoghị ọnụ. Hegazi so na otu ndị ọzọ ejidere maka ifefe ọkọlọtọ egwurugwu iji kwado ikike LGBT. <ref name="Reuters">{{Cite news|title=Egypt arrests dozens in crackdown on gays|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-rights-idUSKCN1C72BW|accessdate=2020-06-14}}</ref> E boro ya ebubo isonyere òtù nke nzube ya bụ imebi iwu site n'ịkpali omume rụrụ arụ ma ọ bụ omume rụrụ arụ. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=القضاء المصري يفرج بكفالة عن شاب وشابة لوحا بعلم يرمز الى المثليين|url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/ara/afp/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AC-%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86/43793762|accessdate=2020-06-26|work=SWI swissinfo.ch|date=2 January 2018|language=ar}} [[Òtù:CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)]]</ref> Njide ya dabara na nzaghachi enweghị nnabata nke Egypt iji kwụsị nkwado ọha na eze maka ikike LGBT na mba ahụ . <ref name="hrw">{{Cite web|date=6 October 2017|title=Egypt: Mass Arrests Amid LGBT Media Blackout|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/10/06/egypt-mass-arrests-amid-lgbt-media-blackout|accessdate=2020-06-14|work=Human Rights Watch|language=en}}</ref> A tụrụ ya mkpọrọ ọnwa atọ n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii Sayeda Zeinab ebe ndị ọrụ nwoke kpalitere ndị mkpọrọ ka ha tie ya ihe, na-ekwukwa ya ọnụ na mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Ramesh|first=Mythreyee|date=23 June 2020|title=Who Was Sarah Hegazi – Egyptian LGBTQ Activist Who Died By Suicide|url=https://www.thequint.com/neon/gender/sarah-hegazi-egyptian-lgbtq-activist-suicide-funeral|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623123259/https://www.thequint.com/neon/gender/sarah-hegazi-egyptian-lgbtq-activist-suicide-funeral|archivedate=23 June 2020|accessdate=2020-06-23|work=The Quint|language=en}}</ref> N'ime edemede Mada Masr bipụtara na Septemba 24, 2018, Hegazi kọrọ akụkọ njide ya. O dere na e jidere ya n'ụlọ n'ihu ezinụlọ ya, na, n'oge usoro ahụ, onye uwe ojii ahụ jụrụ ya ajụjụ banyere okpukpe ya, ihe mere o ji wepụ hijab ya, na ma ọ bụ nwa agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=عام على موقعة "الرينبو": نظام يعتقل، وإسلاميون يصفّقون|url=https://madamasr.com/ar/2018/09/24/opinion/u/%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d9%88%d9%82%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%88-%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%8a%d8%b9%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%84%d8%8c-%d9%88%d8%a5/|accessdate=2020-06-23|work=مدى مصر|language=ar}}</ref> Dị ka akụkọ ya si kwuo, onye uwe ojii ahụ kpuchiri ya anya wee buru ya ụgbọ ala gaa ebe ọ na-amaghị. <ref name=":6" /> Ọ nọdụrụ ala n'oche ejiri akwa kechie aka ya. Igwe ọkụ eletrik gbawara ya ma tụfuo onwe ya. <ref name=":6" /> E yikwara ya egwu na nne ya ga-emerụ ya ma ọ gwa onye ọ bụla. <ref name=":6" /> A tọhapụrụ Hegazi na 2 Jenụwarị 2018 wee kwụọ £ 1,000 (US$56); <ref name=":8" /> mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, ọ gbalịsiri ike ịda mbà n'obi, ọgụ ụjọ na nsogbu nrụgide post-traumatic . <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|author=Zalm|first=Emma van der|date=18 June 2020|title=Death of activist Sarah Hegazy highlights struggle of Egypt's gay community|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/06/egypt-sarah-hegazy-death-gay-rights-crackdown.html|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=Al-Monitor|language=en}}</ref> Ndị mgbasa ozi tụnyere njide nke Hegazi na njide nke Cairo 52 . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Obituary: Egyptian LGBTQ activist Sarah Hegazy: "How can I survive in a society based on hate?" - Qantara.de|url=https://en.qantara.de/content/obituary-egyptian-lgbtq-activist-sarah-hegazy-how-can-i-survive-in-a-society-based-on-hate|accessdate=2021-04-20|work=Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|date=19 June 2020|language=en}}</ref> N'ịtụ egwu ịgbakwu akwụkwọ, Hegazi chọrọ mgbapu na Canada na 2018. <ref name=":4" /> <ref name="Egypt Independent">{{Cite web|date=4 January 2018|title=Two held in Egyptian anti-gay crackdown are freed on bail|url=https://egyptindependent.com/two-held-egyptian-anti-gay-crackdown-freed-bail/|accessdate=2020-06-14|work=Egypt Independent|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọrịa kansa Hegazi nwụnahụrụ nne ya otu ọnwa ka ọ hapụsịrị Ijipt. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Deveney|first=Catherine|title=Catherine Deveney: At its heart, forgiveness is a simple thing which captures the best of being human|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/opinion/columnists/catherine-deveney/2289311/catherine-deveney-at-its-heart-forgiveness-is-a-simple-thing-which-captures-the-best-of-being-human/|accessdate=2020-06-26|work=Press and Journal|date=26 June 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> === Ọnọdụ iwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị === N'Ijipt, ebe a na-amachibidoghị nwoke idina nwoke iwu n'ụzọ doro anya na ikike ikike, a na-ejide njide na ebubo na-adabere na 1961 "Iwu na-alụso Ịgba akwụna" nke na-amachibido ịkwa iko na ọrụ mmekọahụ. N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2017, na-esochi egwu egwu Mashrou 'Leila's Cairo 2017, ọtụtụ ndị omeiwu Egypt nyefere iwu na-amachibido mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị ihe ruru afọ atọ mkpọrọ. Ọ bụrụ na a mara ndị a ikpe ikpe ọzọ, a ga-ama ha ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ ise. <ref name=":8"/> Eji nwelite iwu ahụ iji mebie ndị LGBT Egypt n'agbanyeghị na iwu emelitere enweghị ntụle maka nwoke idina nwoke. Mmelite ahụ nyere ndị uwe ojii ikike ịbanye n'ebe a na-akparịta ụka na ngwa mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwaanyị, ime ka à ga-asị na ha bụ nwoke na nwanyị nwere mmasị nwoke na ịma ndị otu LGBT n'ọnyà. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2017/apr/03/jailed-for-using-grindr-homosexuality-in-egypt|title=Jailed for using Grindr: homosexuality in Egypt|first=Mia|author=Jankowicz|work=The Guardian|date=3 April 2017}}</ref> Dị ka gọọmentị Egypt si kwuo, emelitere iwu ahụ iji leba anya na mmepe ọgbara ọhụrụ na ịkwụsị ịntanetị na ndị na-ahụ maka mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi ịgba ume na omume ọjọọ na omume ịgba akwụna. Edebere obodo LGBTQ+ dị ka ihe iyi egwu nchekwa obodo site n'aka gọọmentị Egypt, ndị isi okpukperechi, na ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị; A na-akwalite echiche a site na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi steeti na-achịkwa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Imran|first=Yousra Samir|date=19 June 2020|title=Remembering Sara Hegazy: Arab LGBT community mourns the loss of a 'beacon of hope'|url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/indepth/2020/6/19/arab-lgbt-community-mourns-the-loss-of-sara-hegazy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622100940/https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/indepth/2020/6/19/arab-lgbt-community-mourns-the-loss-of-sara-hegazy|archivedate=2020-06-22|accessdate=2020-06-22|work=alaraby|language=en}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Sarah_Hegazy_riding_a_bicycle.jpg|thumb| Sarah Hegazi ji obi ụtọ n'ịnyịnya igwe ya na ogbe ndịda Cairo]] == Ọnwụ na ihe nketa == Hegazi nwụrụ na 14 June 2020 na Toronto, Canada. Na 15 June 2020, onye ọka iwu Hegazi Khaled Al-Masry kwadoro ọnwụ ya dị ka igbu onwe ya. <ref name="suicide">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2020/06/15/sara-hegazy-egypt-lgbt-activist-pride-flag-death-suicide-tribute-mashrou-leila-canada/|title=Sara Hegazy, the pioneering Egyptian LGBT+ activist who was tortured for flying a Pride flag, has died by suicide|date=15 June 2020}}</ref> Mpempe akwụkwọ ozi Hegazi dere n'asụsụ Arabik ekesara na soshal midia mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. <ref name="MEE"/> <ref name="suicide" /> Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ gụrụ: "Nye ụmụnne m - agbalịrị m ịlanarị ma m dara ada, gbaghara m. Nye ndị enyi m - ahụmahụ ahụ siri ike ma adịghị m ike iguzogide ya, gbaghara m. N'ụwa - ị nwere obi ọjọọ nye onye ukwu. n'ókè, ma m na-agbaghara." <ref name="streets 2">{{Cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2020/06/14/egyptian-lgbtqi-activist-sara-hegazy-dies-aged-30-in-canada/|title=Egyptian LGBTQI+ Activist Sara Hegazy Dies Aged 30 in Canada|work=Egyptian Streets|date=14 June 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Egyptian LGBT rights activist dies by suicide in Canada after 'failing to survive'|url=http://egypttoday.com/Article/1/88586/Egyptian-LGBT-rights-activist-dies-by-suicide-in-Canada-after|work=Egypt Today|date=14 June 2020}}</ref> A kọrọ ọnwụ ya n'ofe mgbasa ozi mba ụwa niile, na-atụnye ụtụ maka mmemme ya bụ isiokwu ugboro ugboro. <ref name="disorient">{{Cite web|url=https://www.disorient.de/blog/memory-sarah-reflections-violence-fear-and-pain|title=In memory of Sarah: Reflections on violence, fear and pain|work=dis:orient}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/community/137285/egyptian-lgbtq-rights-activist-sarah-hijazi-has-died-aged-30/|title=Egyptian LGBTQ+ rights activist Sarah Hijazi has died, aged 30|date=15 June 2020|work=Gay Times|accessdate=29 May 2024|archivedate=15 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615110147/https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/community/137285/egyptian-lgbtq-rights-activist-sarah-hijazi-has-died-aged-30/}}</ref> <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://mannschaft.com/2020/06/15/trauer-um-aegyptische-lgbtiq-aktivistin-sarah-hijazi/|title=Trauer um ägyptische LGBTIQ-Aktivistin Sarah Hijazi|date=15 June 2020|accessdate=15 June 2020|archivedate=22 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922144224/https://mannschaft.com/2020/06/15/trauer-um-aegyptische-lgbtiq-aktivistin-sarah-hijazi/}}</ref> Hamed Sinno, onye isi otu ndị otu ndị Lebanon bụ Mashrou' Leila kesara Hegazi ụtụ na profaịlụ Facebook ya nke gụrụ " {{Lang|ar|الحرية لروحك}}</link> ", ma ọ bụ "Nnwere onwe maka mkpụrụ obi gị." <ref name="auto" /> <ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=16 June 2020|title=''من هو هذا الربّ الذي تؤمنون به؟''... حزن مضاعف على سارة حجازي|url=https://raseef22.com/article/1078684-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%88-%D9%87%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%81-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626100228/https://raseef22.com/article/1078684-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%88-%D9%87%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%81-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A|archivedate=2020-06-26|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=رصيف 22}}</ref> Sinno mechara dee ma mee egwu dabere n'okwu Hegazi dere obere oge tupu ọnwụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff|first=The Popular Chorus|date=22 June 2020|title=Artists pay tribute to departed LGBTQ+ activist Sarah Hegazi|url=https://popularchorus.com/artists-pay-tribute-departed-lgbtq-activist-sarah-hegazi/|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=The Popular Chorus|language=en-US|archivedate=26 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626135011/https://popularchorus.com/artists-pay-tribute-departed-lgbtq-activist-sarah-hegazi/}}</ref> Ihe osise a na-ahụ anya na-echeta Hegazi agaala ebe niile kemgbe ọ nwụrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://popularchorus.com/artists-pay-tribute-departed-lgbtq-activist-sarah-hegazi/|title=Artists pay tribute to departed LGBTQ+ activist Sarah Hegazi|date=22 June 2020|accessdate=23 June 2020|archivedate=26 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626135011/https://popularchorus.com/artists-pay-tribute-departed-lgbtq-activist-sarah-hegazi/}}</ref> <ref name=":9" /> Ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe nkiri Arab na Middle Eastern na ndị ọha na eze na-ekesa ozi ọmịiko na ịdị n'otu na Hegazi na obodo LGBT n'etiti onye na-eme ihe nkiri Egypt [[Amr Waked]], onye na-agụ egwú Lebanọn na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Carole Samaha, onye na-ese ihe na onye na-akwado LGBT Alireza Shojaian, na onye ọka iwu Jordan na onye nta akụkọ Ola. Al-Fares . <ref name=":9" /> <ref name=":02">{{Cite web|author=Zaramella|first=Nicole|date=22 June 2020|title=Alireza Shojaian, the Painter of Middle Eastern Queer Men {{!}} Il Grande Colibrì|url=https://www.ilgrandecolibri.com/en/alireza-shojaian-the-painter-of-middle-eastern-queer-men/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701223615/https://www.ilgrandecolibri.com/en/alireza-shojaian-the-painter-of-middle-eastern-queer-men/|archivedate=2020-07-01|accessdate=2020-07-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ Canada Socialist ''Spring'' bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ banyere Hegazi na Valerie Lannon na-ede, sị: "Echetara m na ọ na-ekwu 'Ọ dịghị mgbe m dị ndụ dị ka n'oge mgbanwe.' Na nsọpụrụ ya, na imezu echiche nke ndụ anyị, ọ bụ ọrụ anyị ịnọgide na-alụ ọgụ maka mgbanwe n'ebe a, Egypt na gburugburu ụwa." <ref name="auto2"/> N'ime ọnwa nganga nke 2020, obodo Arab LGBT nwere vigil na United States, Canada, London, Amsterdam, Berlin, Budapest na Beirut iji cheta ndụ Hegazi na mgba megide nwoke idina nwoke; <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=16 June 2020|title=Sara Hegazy, who died by suicide after being tortured for flying a Pride flag, honoured with candlelit vigil at Egyptian embassy|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2020/06/16/sara-hegazy-suicide-torture-pride-flag-egypt-embassy-death-tribute-candelight-vigil-pride/|accessdate=2020-06-22|work=PinkNews|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ceu.edu/article/2021-04-28/hatter-society-also-demands-ahmed-samir-santawys-release|title=The Háttér Society Also Demands Ahmed Samir Santawy's Release! &#124; Central European University|work=www.ceu.edu|accessdate=2024-05-29|archivedate=2023-02-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215231702/https://www.ceu.edu/article/2021-04-28/hatter-society-also-demands-ahmed-samir-santawys-release}}</ref> ndị a jikọtara ọnụ na ncheta ncheta na ihe omume n'ofe ụwa. <ref name=":2" /> Na Malta, [[Allied Rainbow Communities]] na Moviment Graffitti mere ncheta ọnwụ Hegazi site na ngosipụta na Embassy Egypt ma katọọ aha Gọọmenti Malta nyere Egypt dị ka obodo dị nchebe nke nwere ike ịlọghachite ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mannschaft.com/2020/06/19/sarah-hijazi-gedenken-an-tote-lgbtiq-aktivistin-vor-aegyptens-botschaft-in-malta/|title=Gedenken an tote LGBTIQ-Aktivistin vor Ägyptens Botschaft in Malta|date=19 June 2020|accessdate=29 May 2024|archivedate=21 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621102105/https://mannschaft.com/2020/06/19/sarah-hijazi-gedenken-an-tote-lgbtiq-aktivistin-vor-aegyptens-botschaft-in-malta/}}</ref> A tọgbọrọ Hegazi n'owe igbe nwere agba agba egwurugwu na-esochi olili ọha na-eli ozu St. John's Dixie na 22 June 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Boisvert|first=Nick|date=23 June 2020|title='A fighter, a dreamer': Egyptian LGTBTQ activist Sarah Hegazi remembered with love at funeral|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/sarah-hegazi-funeral-1.5622673|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623120636/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/sarah-hegazi-funeral-1.5622673|archivedate=23 June 2020|accessdate=23 June 2020|work=CBC news}}</ref> Ememe ncheta gara n'ihu mgbe olili Hegazi gasịrị. Ndị na-ahazi Global Pride, ihe omume LGBT dị n'ịntanetị nke a ga-eme na 27 June 2020, kwupụtara na onye agha Ijipt ibe Ahmed Alaa ga-akwụ ụgwọ maka Hegazi. Dị ka Hegazi, a tụrụ Alaa mkpọrọ mgbe egwu egwu Mashrou 'Leila mere na 2017 maka ịkwalite ọkọlọtọ ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Somvichian-Clausen|first=Austa|date=6 May 2020|title=Re-imagining the first LGBTQ+ pride online in the age of coronavirus|url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/respect/diversity-inclusion/496365-re-imagining-the-first-lgbtq-pride-online|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=TheHill|language=en}}</ref> Ụdị 2020 nke ihe omume Napoli Pride bụ nke a raara nye na ebe nchekwa Sarah Hegazi; Ndị nhazi ahụ kwupụtara na ha bu n'obi ka mmemme ahụ bụrụ ịdọ aka ná ntị megide mmanye, ime ihe ike na imechi obi. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 June 2020|title=Napoli Pride 2020: un evento dedicato a Sarah Hegazi|url=http://terredicampania.it/eventi/napoli-pride-2020-un-evento-dedicato-a-sarah-hegazi/25/06/2020/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626103851/http://terredicampania.it/eventi/napoli-pride-2020-un-evento-dedicato-a-sarah-hegazi/25/06/2020/|archivedate=2020-06-26|accessdate=2020-06-26|work=Terre di Campania|language=it-IT}}</ref> Arab Network for Knowledge about Human Rights weputara nkwupụta n'aha ndị otu mpaghara 42 na mba ụwa niile na-echeta Sarah Hegazi site n'ịkpọsa ụbọchị nganga maka ndị nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị na ndị Queer si Middle East na North Africa. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-14|title=Remembering Sara Hegazy, Egyptian LGBT+ activist who died after 'evil' torture|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/06/14/sara-hegazy-egyptian-lgbt-activist-died-suicide-anniversary/|accessdate=2021-06-21|work=PinkNews|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-21|title=MENA_LQWPD {{!}} ANKH association {{!}} France|url=https://www.ankhfrance.org/menalqwpd|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621175913/https://www.ankhfrance.org/menalqwpd|archivedate=2021-06-21|accessdate=2021-06-21}}</ref> Pride Istanbul kpọkọtara otu panel nke na-echeta ncheta mbụ mgbe Hegazi nwụsịrị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-21|title=Sarah Hegazi'yi Hatırlamak* – İstanbul LGBTİ+ Onur Haftası / Istanbul LGBTI+ Pride Week|url=https://www.prideistanbul.org/etkinlik/sara-hegazi-bir-kuir-sehidi-anmak-panel/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621182319/https://www.prideistanbul.org/etkinlik/sara-hegazi-bir-kuir-sehidi-anmak-panel/|archivedate=2021-06-21|accessdate=2021-06-21}}</ref> Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na Toronto na-echeta ya site n'esere foto ya n'ime obodo mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Toronto community pays tribute to activist tortured in Egyptian prison|url=https://www.blogto.com/city/2021/04/toronto-community-tribute-activist-tortured-egyptian-prison/|accessdate=2021-06-21|work=Blogto|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mural honours international queer activist Sarah Hegazi - Video - CityNews Toronto|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/video/2021/06/18/mural-honours-international-queer-activist-sarah-hegazi/|accessdate=2021-06-21|work=toronto.citynews.ca}}</ref> Ewubere mgbidi ncheta ọzọ na Brighton, UK. <ref name="scenemag">{{Cite web|date=2020-09-15|title=Sarah Hegazi mural revealed in Brighton {{!}} Scene Magazine - What's on in Gay / LGBTQ Brighton|url=https://www.gscene.com/news/sarah-hegazi-mural-revealed-in-brighton/|accessdate=2021-06-21|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-11-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128190516/https://www.gscene.com/news/sarah-hegazi-mural-revealed-in-brighton/}}</ref> Ememe ncheta nke Columbia Global Centers dị na Amman kagburu n'ihi nrụgide gọọmentị. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Amman Pride event s cancellation stirs painful memories for LGBT Jordanians|url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/news/ammans-cancellation-lgbt-event-frustrates-activists?amp=1|accessdate=October 1, 2021|work=The New Arab|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=A year has passed since queer activist Sarah Hegazi's death, but her ghost still frightens local and conservative authorities...|url=https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FMegaphoneNews%2Fposts%2F2885832361634559|date=June 14, 2021|author=Megaphone|accessdate=October 1, 2021|work=Facebook|language=en}}</ref> Òtù na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na mmepe (AWID) kpọrọ Sarah Hegazi na ụtụ ha nyere "ndị na-akwado nwanyị 450 bụ ndị gbanwere ụwa anyị". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tribute: Remembering feminist activists who changed our world|url=https://www.awid.org/whrd-tribute|accessdate=2020-09-28|work=AWID|language=en}}</ref> Ihe nkiri mkpirisi nyocha nke John Greyson nke afọ 2021 bụ ''International Dawn Chorus Day'' ka emepụtara dị ka ụtụ nye Hegazi na Shady Habash . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/INTERNATIONAL-DAWN-CHORUS-DAY-Premieres-April-29-20210329|title=International Dawn Chorus Day Premieres April 29|first=Sarah Jae|author=Leiber|date=March 29, 2021|work=[[Broadway World]]|accessdate=October 1, 2021}}</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ dị mkpirikpi akpọrọ "Akwụkwọ akụkọ Sarah Hegazi" nke onye nduzi Nicole Teney dere bụ onye ikpeazụ nke 2022 Breaking through the Lens jury. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Calnan2022-06-06T12:25:00+01:00|first=Ellie|title=Breaking Through The Lens 2022 finalists unveiled at Cannes|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/breaking-through-the-lens-2022-finalists-unveiled-at-cannes/5171404.article|accessdate=2022-09-10|work=Screen|language=en}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 2023, Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy kwupụtara mkpakọrịta na-echeta Hegazi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=TIMEP Announces New Fellowships in 2023|url=https://timep.org/press/press-releases/timep-announces-new-fellowships-in-2023/|accessdate=2023-02-17|work=TIMEP|date=16 February 2023|language=en}}</ref> === Mmeghachi omume === [[Usòrò:Sarah_hegazi_2020.jpg|thumb| Paris vigil na ebe nchekwa Hegazi, 20 June 2020]] Enwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị LGBT na-ehichapụ ma na-emegbu ya kpọmkwem na Egypt na n'ọnọdụ sara mbara nke Middle East na North Africa ( MENA ). Nke a na-abịa site na mmachi, okwu ịkpọasị, na mkpagbu chịkọtara ọnụ. Ezutewo ọnwụ Sarah Hegazi na nzaghachi mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị na mpaghara MENA ma site na omume gọọmentị, mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi, ma ọ bụ okwu ọha, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/arabic/trending-53056635|title=كيف تحول موت سارة حجازي إلى سجال "فكري ديني"؟|work=BBC News عربي|date=15 June 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.raialyoum.com/index.php/%d9%82%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%aa/|title=أنس السبطي: قضية سارة حجازي المثلية المصرية المنتحرة.. نقطة نظام|date=19 June 2020|accessdate=23 June 2020|archivedate=27 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627035013/https://www.raialyoum.com/index.php/%d9%82%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%aa/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/entertainment/2020/6/21/مؤيدون-ومعارضون-لإزالة-جداريات-سارة-حجازي-في-عمان|title=مؤيدون ومعارضون لإزالة جداريات سارة حجازي في عمّان|first=عمّان ــ العربي|author=الجديد|work=alaraby}}</ref> Otu akụkọ na Raseef22 nke tụlere obodo LGBT + na Jordan na Sarah Hegazi mural. na Amman ka ehichapụrụ ngwa ngwa mgbe onye nta akụkọ Jordan nwetara nnukwu iyi egwu na ịntanetị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=29 June 2020|title=تهديدات طالت فريق رصيف22... عندما يمارس جزء واسع من مجتمعنا دور السلطة القمعية|url=https://raseef22.com/article/1078854-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%B1%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%8122-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A1-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9|accessdate=2020-06-30|work=رصيف 22}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Side-by-side_image_of_Amman_mural_of_Sarah_Hegazi_before_and_after.jpg|thumb| Sarah Hegazi mural na isi obodo [[Jọdan|Jordan]] Amman, tupu na mgbe agba agba]] A na-ese ihe n'okporo ụzọ na ihe osise ihe osise na-echeta Hegazi na Amman isi obodo [[Jọdan|Jordan]] ka ọgba aghara mgbasa ozi ọha. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 June 2020|title=أمانة عمان تزيل جرافيتي للمصرية سارة حجازي (صور)|url=http://ammannet.net/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1|accessdate=2020-06-23|work=موقع عمان نت|language=ar}}</ref> Otu onye nta akụkọ katọrọ omume ahụ na tweet na-ekwu, sị: "...Amman Municipality na-arụ ọrụ ruo mgbede abalị na-ehichapụ ihe osise nke ụfọdụ ndị na-eme ihe ike [ شواذ<nowiki></link></nowiki> , okwu Arabic maka ndị na-edina ụdị onwe] n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Amman. Ọ tụrụ m n'anya na ụdị a [ndị na-edina ụdị onwe] dị n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụghị omenala na omenala anyị..." <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|author=Erem News|date=21 June 2020|title=صور لساره حجازي في شوارع عامة تثير غضبا في الأردن.. وأمانة عمان تتدخل|url=https://www.eremnews.com/entertainment/society/2267772|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622065955/https://www.eremnews.com/entertainment/society/2267772|archivedate=2020-06-22|accessdate=2020-06-22|work=www.eremnews.com|language=en}}</ref> Onye na-ekwuchitere obodo Greater Amman kwuru, sị: "Amman Mayor Yusef Al-Shawarbeh nyere ndị ọrụ mpaghara niile iwu. wepụ ihe osise ahụ." <ref name=":5" /> Òtù Bedaayaa LGBT nke Egypt kọrọ na ọnwụ Hegazi na nlebara anya mgbasa ozi na-esochi kpalitere mkpọsa mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị n'ịntanetị megide ya na ndị obodo LGBT. <ref name=":7"/> Noor Selim, onye Ijipt transgender na nwa nwoke onye omee a ma ama [[Hesham Selim]], gbaghaara ihe ọ kpọrọ ihu abụọ nke ọha ma gbachitere ebe nchekwa Hegazi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=معنديش خلل هرموني.. كيف أثار نور هشام سليم الجدل مجددا على مواقع التواصل؟ - بوابة الشروق|url=https://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=22062020&id=afc948ff-4956-4648-a54a-9ab569809ce6|accessdate=2020-06-22|work=www.shorouknews.com|language=ar-eg}}</ref> Na 23 June 2020, ndị ọka iwu Egypt abụọ gbara akwụkwọ megide Selim maka ịgbachitere Hegazi, ma bo ya ebubo na ọ na-achọ "ịgbasa nwoke idina nwoke" na Egypt. <ref>{{Cite news|date=23 June 2020|title=دعوى قضائية تتهم نجل هشام سليم بنشر "المثلية في مصر"|language=ar|work=BBC News Arabic|url=https://www.bbc.com/arabic/middleeast-53159907|accessdate=2020-06-26}}</ref> Cheikh Rafiki, onye ụkọchukwu Alakụba Moroccan, nwetara egwu ọnwụ mgbe ọ gbachitere ebe nchekwa Hegazi n'aka onye metụtara ISIL n'ịntanetị. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Maria|date=20 June 2020|title=Islam - Maroc: Cheikh Rafiki " menacé de mort " sur le Net par un daechien|url=http://article19.ma/accueil/archives/130918|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=Article19.ma|language=fr-FR}}</ref> A na-ese foto ihu ya na ụfọdụ okwu ikpeazụ ya na Brighton, [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]]. <ref name="scenemag"/> Na Wikipedia Wikipedia Hegazi ehichapụ ibe Wikipedia, n'agbanyeghị na ọ dị n'asụsụ asatọ na Wikipedia n'oge ahụ, kama ọ jikọtara ya dịka otu n'ime akụkụ dị na ibe "mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị". <ref name="deletion">{{Cite web|author=ببيلي|first=ديما|title=سارة حجازي: من يستحق صفحة على ويكيبيديا؟|url=https://www.bbc.com/arabic/trending-53272162|work=BBC News Arabic|accessdate=4 July 2020|language=ar|date=3 July 2020}}</ref> Otu onye otu obodo Wikipedia nke Arabic kọwara mkpebi ha site n'ịzọrọ "enweghị aha Hegazi zuru oke". <ref name="deletion" /> Mkpebi ha kpasuru ndị na-eme ihe ike, bụ ndị boro weebụsaịtị ebubo "ịhụnanya", ma meghere ọnụ ụzọ maka mkparịta ụka gbasara ụkpụrụ edezi na Wikipedia Arabic na banyere nnwere onwe ikwu okwu n'elu ikpo okwu nke "na-emeghe nye onye ọ bụla". <ref>{{Cite web|title=سارة حجازي: من يستحق صفحة على ويكيبيديا|url=https://headtopics.com/sa/15871575158515752781-14097024|work=headtopics|date=3 July 2020|accessdate=29 May 2024|archivedate=8 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108145022/https://headtopics.com/sa/15871575158515752781-14097024}}</ref> Ndị otu Mashrou'Leila, onye egwu egwu Hegazy gara gara kwupụtara na ọ na-agbasa na Septemba 2022. Onye na-abụ abụ bụ Hamed Sinno, kwuru na ọnwụ Sarah Hegazy bụ ihe na-enye aka na mkpebi ịgbasa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lebanese band Mashrou' Leila quits after years of harassment over sexual orientation - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/09/lebanese-band-mashrou-leila-quits-after-years-harassment-over-sexual-orientation|accessdate=2023-03-20|work=www.al-monitor.com|date=25 September 2022|language=en}}</ref> Onye na-ese foto Italy Umberto Nicoletti bipụtara akwụkwọ akpọrọ "Asylum", na mmekorita nke 519 Church Street, CIG Arcigay, na ndị ọzọ LGBT obodo LGBT òtù na-enye ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ mmemme nkwado. Akwụkwọ a na-akọ akụkọ gbasara ndị LGBT na-achọ mgbaba, wee jiri akụkọ Hegazi meghee. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Farber|first=Jim|date=2023-05-15|title='This is not a small issue': the devastating plight of LGBTQ asylum seekers|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2023/may/15/lgbtq-asylum-seekers-new-book-umberto-nicoletti|accessdate=2023-06-13}}</ref>{{Clear}} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga ==   *   {{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] kpt9uplsib26zm9eyemodlttifw9tia 0 46283 628555 178046 2026-04-01T14:33:58Z Geraldine Kene 23189 Fixed reference error 628555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Arthur_Fata_-_Wild_Seed_Pod.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|267x267px| ''Mkpụrụ osisi ọhịa'' nke [[Arthur Fata]], onye na-ese ihe si Chapungu, <ref name="CWI">{{Cite book|title=Pieces of Time: An anthology of articles on Zimbabwe’s stone sculpture published in The Herald and Zimbabwe Mirror 1999–2000|date=2004|author=Winter-Irving|first=Celia|authorlink=Celia Winter-Irving|publisher=Mambo Press|location=Zimbabwe|isbn=0-86922-781-5}}</ref> : 4 ugbu a na-egosi na-adịgide adịgide n'ọnụ ụzọ Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden na [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]] .]] '''Ogige ihe ọkpụkpụ nke Chapungu''' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chapungusculpturepark.com/|title=Home|work=chapungusculpturepark.com|accessdate=2024-06-01|archivedate=2024-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506055241/https://www.chapungusculpturepark.com/}}</ref> bụ ama ama omenala na ubi ihe ọkpụkpụ dị na Msasa, Harare, [[Zimbabwe]], nke gosipụtara ọrụ ndị na-akpụ nkume Zimbabwe. N'ịbụ nke nwere ihe karịrị acres 15 nke ubi ndị nwere okirikiri, a na-arara ogige ahụ iji gosipụta ọmarịcha ihe nketa nke ọkpụkpụ nkume Africa. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Chapungu Sculpture Park tọrọ ntọala na 1970 site n'aka Roy Guthrie dị ka osisi Shona Sculpture. Guthrie rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwalite ọrụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ na mba Zimbabwe. Mgbalị ya mere ka e nwee ọtụtụ ihe ngosi, gụnyere ihe ngosi nlegharị anya nke akpọrọ "Chapungu: Custom and Legend - A Culture in Stone," bụ nke gosipụtara ihe ọkpụkpụ dị n'ubi dị iche iche nke osisi n'ụwa nile. Ebe ndị a gara gụnyere: <ref name="CWI" />: 156–173  * (1999) Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, South Africa * (2000) Ogige Botanical Royal, Kew, <ref>Catalogue published by Chapungu Sculpture Park, 2000, 136pp printed in full colour, with photographs by Jerry Hardman-Jones and text by Roy Guthrie (no ISBN)</ref> London, United Kingdom, * (2001) Ogige Botanical Missouri, St Louis, USA * (2001) Boyce Thompson Arboretum State Park, Elu, USA * (2002) Ubi Red Butte na Arboretum, Salt Lake City, USA * (2003) Garfield Park Conservatory, Chicago, USA * (2003) Ogige Botanic Chicago, Chicago USA * (2004) Ogige Botanic Denver, Denver, USA [[Usòrò:Never_Been_Kissed_by_Bernard_Sakarombe.jpg|thumb| ''Ọ dịghị mgbe Bernard Sakarombe na-esusu ọnụ'' nke emere na 2023 site na Dolomite na-anọdụ n'ọnụ ụzọ 'Katidral' na Chapungu Sculpture Park na Harare.]] == Nchịkọta == Ihe osise ndị dị na Harare gụnyere nchịkọta kasị ukwuu sitere na ọgbọ mbụ (ndị kere n'agbata afọ 1960 na 1980) ruo ugbu a, na-egosipụta ihe okike nke ndị ọkachamara a ma ama dịka Joram Mariga, Joseph Ndandarika, Henry Munyaradzi, Nicholas Mukomberanwa, Sylvester. Mubayi, Bernard Matemera, Richard Mteki, John, Bernard na Lazarus Takawira na Brighton Sango, yana ọtụtụ ndị sitere na ọgbọ nke abụọ (ndị kere n'etiti 1980 na 1990) dị ka Tapfuma Gutsa, Agnes Nyanhongo, Colleen Madamombe, Rachel Ndandarika, Dominic Benhura, Joe Mutasa, Arthur Fata, Jonathan Gutsa, Fabian Madamombe, Taylor Nkomo na Eddie Masaya. Ihe osise ndị a, ndị e si na ụdị okwute dị iche iche nke Zimbabwe chepụtara, na-egosipụta njikọ miri emi nke obodo ahụ na ụwa okike, ọnọdụ ime mmụọ, na ihe nketa nna ochie. <ref name="CWI"/> Chapungu gbalịsiri ike igosi ezigbo ihe ọkpụkpụ nke ndị a ma ama na ụlọ ngosi nka nke dị n'èzí raara onwe ya nye ndị na-ese ihe mbụ, gụnyere ndị na-ese ihe mbụ sitere na Tengenenge Community. N'ebe ahụ, ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ na ndị na-anakọta ihe osise na-amụta banyere ihe osise ndị sitere n'oge a, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị na-emepụta ihe dị ka ihe eji aka na-eji ngwá ọrụ aka na-enweghị ígwè. == Atụmatụ == A na-eji ogige ntụrụndụ mara mma nke Chapungu site na ịdị jụụ ya ma na-enye ndị ọbịa ohere mgbapụ dị jụụ site n'ọgba aghara na ndụ kwa ụbọchị. Ọnụ ụzọ mbata ahụ nwere ọmarịcha katidral nke osisi Fever karịrị iri ise, na-eke ụzọ mara mma n'ime ogige ahụ. N'ime ogige ahụ, ndị ọbịa nwere ike inyocha ubi ndị a kpụrụ akpụ nke ọma na-anya ihe karịrị 100 ụdị osisi na osisi ụmụ amaala, na-enye ebe mara mma maka ihe ọkpụkpụ nkume. Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ bụ ebe obibi dị iche iche nke ihe oyiyi nkume dị ndụ, nke ọ bụla nwere akụkọ pụrụ iche na omenala ya. Ihe oyiyi ndị a na-enye nkọwa banyere ihe nketa bara ụba nke Africa ma na-eme ememe nkà na ihe okike nke ndị na-ese ihe na Zimbabwe. == Ndị na-ese ihe == N'ime ndị na-ese ihe ndị a pụrụ ịhụ ọrụ ha n'ogige ahụ bụ: * [[Dominic Benhura]] * [[Crispen Chakanyuka]] * [[Square Chikwanda]] * [[Sanwell Chirume]] * [[Stanford Derere]] * [[Arthur Fata]] * [[Barankinya Gosta|Barkinya Gotsa]] * [[Tapfuma Gutsa]] * [[Chrispen June]] * [[Makina Kameya]] * [[Biggie Kapeta]] * [[Royal Katiyo]] * [[Samson Kuvengura]] * [[Derek Macheka]] * [[Colleen Madamombe]] * [[Fabian Madamombe]] * [[Wazi Maicolo]] * [[Amali Mailolo]] * [[Damian Manhuwa]] * [[Josia Manzi]] * [[Joram Mariga]] * [[Eddie Masaya]] * [[Moses Masaya]] * [[Passmore Mashaya]] * [[Bernard Matemera]] * [[Boira Mteki]] * [[Bryn Mteki]] * [[Richard Mteki]] * [[Sylvester Mubayi]] * [[Thomas Mukarobgwa|Thomas Mukarabgwa]] * [[Nicholas Mukomberanwa]] * [[Joseph Muli]] * [[Henry Munyaradzi]] * [[Joe Mutasa]] * [[Tendai Mutasa]] * [[Joseph Muzondo]] * [[Joseph Ndandarika]] * [[Locardia Ndandarika]] * [[Agnes Nyanhongo]] * [[Euwit Nyanhongo]] * [[Gedion Nyanhongo]] * [[Brighton Sango]] * [[Amos Supuni]] * [[Bernard Takawira]] * [[John Takawira]] * [[Lazarus Takawira|Lazarọs Takawira]] == Mgbasawanye == Na 2007, Chapungu Sculpture Park gbasaa na Loveland, Colorado, na nguzobe nke ogige na gallery ọzọ. Mgbasawanye a enyela ndị na-ege ntị ka ukwuu ịhụ ịma mma na omenala pụrụ iche nke ihe ọkpụkpụ Zimbabwe. == Hụkwa == * Ọkpụkpụ nke Zimbabwe == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061002173250/http://www.cama.org.za/CAMA/countries/zimbabwe/webcomponents/Html/sculp.htm Foto nke ihe ọkpụkpụ na ogige ahụ] mk8p8b7ftp48i6jbbondv5n1mbura0m 0 47184 628685 623343 2026-04-02T11:54:36Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628685 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Daniel R. Day''' (amụrụ Ọgọst 8, 1944), nke a maara dị ka '''Dapper Dan''', bụ onye mmebe ejiji na ndị America si Harlem, New York. Ụlọ ahịa ya, Dapper Dan's Boutique, na-arụ ọrụ site na 1982 ruo 1992 ma na-ejikọta ya na iwebata ejiji dị elu na omenala [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] ; ndị ahịa ya gụnyere Mike Tyson, Eric B. &amp;amp; Rakim, Salt-N-Pepa, LL Cool J, na Jay-Z . Na 2017, ọ malitere usoro [[Uwe|ejiji]] na Gucci, onye ya na ya meghere ụlọ ahịa nke abụọ na atelier, Dapper Dan's of Harlem, na 2018. <ref name="nytimes">{{Cite news|author=Safronova|first=Valeriya|title=Inside Dapper Dan and Gucci's Harlem Atelier|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/20/fashion/gucci-dapper-dan-atelier-harlem.html|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 20, 2018|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="gq">{{Cite news|author=Houghton|first=Edwin Stats|title=Dapper Dan Talks His Gucci Partnership, Dressing Harlem's Notorious Gangsters, and Getting Busted by Sonia Sotomayor (Exclusive)|url=https://www.gq.com/story/dapper-dan-gucci-harlem-atelier-exclusive-interview|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=[[GQ]]|date=March 5, 2018|language=en}}</ref> Dan so na <nowiki><i id="mwHA">Time</i></nowiki> ' s 100 Kasị Mma Ndị mmadụ na 2020. == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Dan na Harlem, New York, na 1944, a mụrụ ya n'ụlọ ya na nne nne ya dị ka midwife. O tolitere na 129th na Lexington Avenue ya na ụmụnne nwoke atọ na ụmụnne nwanyị atọ. Nna ya, Robert, bụ onye ọrụ obodo na nne ya, Lily, onye nwe ụlọ. <ref name="nytimes2017">{{Cite news|author=Cooper|first=Barry Michael|title=The Fashion Outlaw Dapper Dan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html|accessdate=October 1, 2018|work=The New York Times|date=June 3, 2017|language=en}}</ref> Ha niile bi n'otu ọnụ ụlọ atọ. <ref name=":3" /> Ọ na-echeta ịnyịnya na ụgbọ ịnyịnya ka nọ n'okporo ámá n'oge ọ bụ nwata, n'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] gasịrị nke Manhattan . Mgbe ọ dị afọ 13, ọ bụ onye ịgba chaa chaa nwere nkà; ihe ịga nke ọma ya dị ka onye na-agba chaa chaa nyeere ya aka ịkwado ụlọ ahịa mbụ ya. <ref name="interview">{{Cite news|title=Dapper Dan on Gucci, gangsters, and his unstoppable fashion empire|url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/dapper-dan-gucci-interview|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]]|date=May 5, 2018}}</ref> Dapper Dan nwere ike gwụrụ ndụ n'okporo ámá mgbe ọ nụsịrị okwu [[Malcolm X|Malcolm X.]] Malcolm X kwuru, "Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịghọta ifuru, mụọ mkpụrụ." Nke a kpaliri Dan itinye aka n'ịmụ akwụkwọ na Countee Cullen Library . N'oge na-adịghị anya ọ laghachiri ụlọ akwụkwọ wee banye na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ nke Urban League na Mahadum Columbia na-akwado. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Cooper|first=Barry Michael|date=2017-06-03|title=The Fashion Outlaw Dapper Dan|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html|accessdate=2022-05-26}}</ref> N'afọ ndị 1960, Dan rụrụ ọrụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Harlem nke a na-akpọ ''Forty Acres na Mule,'' dịka ọ chọrọ na mbụ ịghọ onye edemede. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Cooper|first=Barry Michael|date=2017-06-03|title=The Fashion Outlaw Dapper Dan|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html|accessdate=2022-05-26}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">Cooper, Barry Michael (2017-06-03). [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html "The Fashion Outlaw Dapper Dan"]. ''The New York Times''. [[ISSN (ihe nchọpụta)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:0362-4331|0362-4331]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220525021312/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html Archived] from the original on 2022-05-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-26</span></span>.</cite></ref> N'oge a, ọ gbanwere ụzọ ndụ wee ghọọ onye anaghị eri anụ. Na 1968 – 74, ọ gara Africa dịka akụkụ nke Mahadum Columbia na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ Urban League . <ref name="nytimes2017">{{Cite news|author=Cooper|first=Barry Michael|title=The Fashion Outlaw Dapper Dan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html|accessdate=October 1, 2018|work=The New York Times|date=June 3, 2017|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFCooper2017">Cooper, Barry Michael (June 3, 2017). [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html "The Fashion Outlaw Dapper Dan"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070456/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html Archived] from the original on October 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> == Ọrụ == === Dapper Dan's Boutique === Mgbe Dan laghachiri na New York na 1974, o kpebiri ịbụ onye na-akwa ákwà, ma buru ụzọ ree ihe ndị a tụfuru n'ụlọ ahịa n'ụgbọ ala ya. <ref name="nytimes2017">{{Cite news|author=Cooper|first=Barry Michael|title=The Fashion Outlaw Dapper Dan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html|accessdate=October 1, 2018|work=The New York Times|date=June 3, 2017|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFCooper2017">Cooper, Barry Michael (June 3, 2017). [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html "The Fashion Outlaw Dapper Dan"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070456/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html Archived] from the original on October 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Dapper Dan's Boutique, nke dị na 125th Street n'etiti Madison na Fifth Avenues, mepere na 1982, na mgbe ụfọdụ na-emeghe awa 24 n'ụbọchị, ụbọchị asaa n'izu. <ref name="interview">{{Cite news|title=Dapper Dan on Gucci, gangsters, and his unstoppable fashion empire|url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/dapper-dan-gucci-interview|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]]|date=May 5, 2018}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/dapper-dan-gucci-interview "Dapper Dan on Gucci, gangsters, and his unstoppable fashion empire"]. ''[[Ajụjụ ọnụ (akwụkwọ akụkọ)|Interview]]''. May 5, 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181001034140/https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/dapper-dan-gucci-interview Archived] from the original on October 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Dan rutere n'ichepụta ya site na ahụmahụ onwe onye, kpọmkwem site na ọrụ ya gara aga. Ịbụ ọkachamara n'ịgba chaa chaa kụziiri ya na uwe ị na-eyi ga-emetụta otú ndị mmadụ na gị na-emekọ ihe, n'ihi ya, o ji asụsụ a na-adịghị ekwu okwu mee ihe n'ichepụta ya. Ọzụzụ Dan gara aga bụkwa ihe kwadebere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi okike na onye ọchụnta ego n'otu oge. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ onye na-ekiri ihe na-abịarute n'ichepụta ya site n'echiche nke uche. Mgbe ya na onye ahịa ọhụrụ na-arụ ọrụ, ọ ga-ajụ onwe ya "Ole ndị ka ha bụ?" na "Gịnị ka ha chọrọ?" Dan bu ụzọ mee atụmatụ ịbụ onye na-ere ákwà, ma n'oge na-adịghị anya, o nwere ajọ mbunobi ka ọ na-agbapụ. Ọ gbalịsiri ike ịzụta akwa na ajị anụ ọ chọrọ, ebe ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ jụrụ ịzụ ahịa n'ihi agbụrụ ma ọ bụ ebe ọ nọ. Kama ịzụrụ uwe ọ ga-eji ree, ọ malitere ịkụziri onwe ya ihe niile o nwere ike banyere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ka o wee nwee ike ịmepụta atụmatụ nke ya site na mmalite. <ref name="dazed">{{Cite news|author=Brumfitt|first=Stuart|title=Dapper Dan: natural born hustler|url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/21390/1/dapper-dan-natural-born-hustler|accessdate=October 1, 2018|work=[[Dazed]]|date=September 25, 2014|language=en}}</ref> Ọ ga-aga n'ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na Midtown ka ọ mụọ ejiji na akara, yabụ ebe ọ nwetara mmụọ nsọ site na ike nke akara ngosi oge. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|author=Paulicelli|first=Eugenia|date=2021-10-22|title=''Made in Italy'': Translating Cultures from Gucci to Dapper Dan and Back|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14759756.2021.1963163|journal=Textile|volume=20|issue=2|pages=216–230|doi=10.1080/14759756.2021.1963163|issn=1475-9756|accessdate=2022-05-26}}</ref> Ire ajị anụ nke ya bụ ụzọ Dan isi pụọ n'ụdị ndụ ochie ya, ọ malitekwara imepụta ajị anụ kpọmkwem n'ihi na ha bụ ihe ejiji Harlem . Irving Chaiken, enyi Dapper Dan, kuziri Dan usoro nrụpụta dị iche iche maka ajị anụ, sitere na chinchilla ruo fox . Fred the Furrier ghọrọ onye na-ebubata ajị anụ Dan, nwanne Fred bụ onye mere Dan ka ọ gbasaa n'ahịa akpụkpọ anụ. Ọ chọpụtara na ndị na-emepụta ihe dị ka Louis Vuitton na Gucci na-eji akpụkpọ anụ na-emepụta akpa, obere akpa na akpa, ma ọ chọrọ iji akpụkpọ anụ mee uwe. Nke a bụ ihe kpaliri ya ime ka jaket ya dị egwu maka Diane Dixon . <ref name=":2" /> N'agbanyeghị njikọ ya, Dapper Dan gbalịsiri ike ịchọta ndị na-emepụta ụkpụrụ na ndị na-akwa akwa nke nwere ike mebie atụmatụ ya nke ọma. Dan n'onwe ya enweghị ike ịdụ akwa, ọ naghị ele onwe ya anya dị ka onye na-akwa akwa, n'agbanyeghị otú mgbasa ozi si egosi ya, ma n'ikpeazụ, ọ chọtara otu ìgwè ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ nke ọma. Dapper Dan zoro aka na onye nrụpụta ya sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ chepụta dị ka ịkụ aka, n'ihi na ọ chere na ha dị oke oke nke a na-akpọkwa ịkụ aka. <ref name=":2" /> Dan na-ekwu na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ ga-emebe ihe ọ bụla ụlọ ndị mara mma ga-eche maka ya n'ihi na atụmatụ ya dị oke ọnụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Schneier|first=Matthew|date=2017-05-31|title=Did Gucci Copy 'Dapper Dan'? Or Was It 'Homage'?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/31/fashion/gucci-dapper-dan-jacket.html|accessdate=2022-05-26}}</ref> O ji akwa ndị o kpụrụ onwe ya mgbe ọ kụzichara onwe ya ibipụta akwa akwa. <ref name="interview">{{Cite news|title=Dapper Dan on Gucci, gangsters, and his unstoppable fashion empire|url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/dapper-dan-gucci-interview|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]]|date=May 5, 2018}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/dapper-dan-gucci-interview "Dapper Dan on Gucci, gangsters, and his unstoppable fashion empire"]. ''[[Ajụjụ ọnụ (akwụkwọ akụkọ)|Interview]]''. May 5, 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181001034140/https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/dapper-dan-gucci-interview Archived] from the original on October 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Notably, he invented a new process for screen printing ont leather, ma emesịa chepụta ọla na ime ụgbọ ala maka ụgbọ ala okomoko. <ref name="therake">{{Cite news|author=Brown|first=Benedict|title=Dapper Dan: Harlem's Hip Hop Tailor|url=https://therake.com/stories/icons/dapper-dan-harlems-hip-hop-tailor/|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=The Rake|date=September 2017}}</ref> Mmeghe nke ụlọ ahịa ya na mmalite 1980s dabara na ntiwapụ nke cocaine na ịrị elu nke [[Hip hop music|egwu hip-hop]], nke abụọ kwalitere ndị ahịa ya. Akara ụghalaahịa Dan bụ nkwuwa okwu iji akara ngosi sitere na ụdị okomoko dị elu dị ka Gucci, Louis Vuitton na Fendi . <ref name="dazed">{{Cite news|author=Brumfitt|first=Stuart|title=Dapper Dan: natural born hustler|url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/21390/1/dapper-dan-natural-born-hustler|accessdate=October 1, 2018|work=[[Dazed]]|date=September 25, 2014|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBrumfitt2014">Brumfitt, Stuart (September 25, 2014). [http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/21390/1/dapper-dan-natural-born-hustler "Dapper Dan: natural born hustler"]. ''[[Ụjọ tụrụ|Dazed]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070400/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/21390/1/dapper-dan-natural-born-hustler Archived] from the original on October 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="therake">{{Cite news|author=Brown|first=Benedict|title=Dapper Dan: Harlem's Hip Hop Tailor|url=https://therake.com/stories/icons/dapper-dan-harlems-hip-hop-tailor/|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=The Rake|date=September 2017}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBrown2017">Brown, Benedict (September 2017). [https://therake.com/stories/icons/dapper-dan-harlems-hip-hop-tailor/ "Dapper Dan: Harlem's Hip Hop Tailor"]. ''The Rake''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070222/https://therake.com/stories/icons/dapper-dan-harlems-hip-hop-tailor/ Archived] from the original on October 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Ụlọ ahịa mbụ ya dị ihe dị ka ụlọ ahịa ihe nri, ebe ndị ahịa na-abata n'ime oge mgbe ha gbachara ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ. Dan nwekwara ihe nchebe nke ga-eguzo n'èzí ọnụ ụzọ ámá, ma ha na-eleba anya n'ọnụ ụzọ. Dan na-ehi ụra mgbe niile n'ụlọ ya na-arụ ọrụ nke dị n'azụ ụlọ ahịa. Ọ ga-eme nke a ọ bụghị naanị n'ihi na a na-emeghe boutique mgbe ụfọdụ 24/7, kamakwa n'ihi na ụfọdụ ndị ahịa ga-arịọ maka ntụgharị awa 24 na uwe ha. Otu n'ime ndị ahịa Dan n'ihu kpalitere mmasị ya na logos, mgbe o ji njide Louis vuitton ọhụrụ bata. Ọ hụbeghị otu n'ime mmadụ mbụ na nke a bụ ihe gbanwere egwuregwu ahụ. Ụlọ ahịa mbụ nke Dapper Dan bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ agbụ a na-akpọ Harlem Children's Zone Academy. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Smith|first=Gareth Dylan|date=September 2018|title=Introduction to the Special Issue: The International Symposium on the Sociology of Music Education, and the MayDay Group Action Ideals|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.22176/act17.3.1|journal=Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education|volume=17|issue=3|pages=1–11|doi=10.22176/act17.3.1|issn=1545-4517|accessdate=2022-05-26}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na a na-akpọkarị uwe ya dị ka uwe n'okporo ámá, ndị ahịa mbụ nke ụbọchị na 1980 sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke ukwuu site na ejiji ejiji nke akara ngosi Rat Pack dị ka Frank Sinatra na Sammy Davis Jr. Ndị ahịa ya bụ isi bụ "ndị na-agba ọsọ na ndị na-agba n'okporo ámá" <ref name="dazed">{{Cite news|author=Brumfitt|first=Stuart|title=Dapper Dan: natural born hustler|url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/21390/1/dapper-dan-natural-born-hustler|accessdate=October 1, 2018|work=[[Dazed]]|date=September 25, 2014|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBrumfitt2014">Brumfitt, Stuart (September 25, 2014). [http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/21390/1/dapper-dan-natural-born-hustler "Dapper Dan: natural born hustler"]. ''[[Ụjọ tụrụ|Dazed]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070400/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/21390/1/dapper-dan-natural-born-hustler Archived] from the original on October 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> - gụnyere gụnyere. eze ọgwụ Alpo Martinez —bụ́ ndị ụfọdụ n’ime ha rịọrọ ọbụna ogige ntụrụndụ na okpu ndị na-adịghị egbochi mgbọ . <ref name="therake">{{Cite news|author=Brown|first=Benedict|title=Dapper Dan: Harlem's Hip Hop Tailor|url=https://therake.com/stories/icons/dapper-dan-harlems-hip-hop-tailor/|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=The Rake|date=September 2017}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBrown2017">Brown, Benedict (September 2017). [https://therake.com/stories/icons/dapper-dan-harlems-hip-hop-tailor/ "Dapper Dan: Harlem's Hip Hop Tailor"]. ''The Rake''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070222/https://therake.com/stories/icons/dapper-dan-harlems-hip-hop-tailor/ Archived] from the original on October 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="dazed" /> <ref name="complex">{{Cite news|author=Hairston|first=Tahirah|title=Dapper Dan Is Finally Getting His Props|url=https://www.complex.com/style/2018/07/dapper-dan-gucci-interview|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]|date=July 27, 2018|language=en}}</ref> Day ventured n'ime hip hop ejiji na 1985, mgbe mbụ o mere LL Cool J, na Day kemgbe ejikọrọ na hip-hop royalty. Eric B. &amp;amp; Rakim bụ ndị yi uwe Dapper Dan na mkpuchi nke ọba egwu ha ''akwụ ụgwọ zuru oke'' (1987) na ''Soro Onye Ndú'' (1988). <ref name="therake">{{Cite news|author=Brown|first=Benedict|title=Dapper Dan: Harlem's Hip Hop Tailor|url=https://therake.com/stories/icons/dapper-dan-harlems-hip-hop-tailor/|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=The Rake|date=September 2017}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBrown2017">Brown, Benedict (September 2017). [https://therake.com/stories/icons/dapper-dan-harlems-hip-hop-tailor/ "Dapper Dan: Harlem's Hip Hop Tailor"]. ''The Rake''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070222/https://therake.com/stories/icons/dapper-dan-harlems-hip-hop-tailor/ Archived] from the original on October 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> O mekwara anya maka The Fat Boys, Salt-N-Pepa, KRS-One, Bobby Brown, Jam Master Jay na Big Daddy Kane, yana egwuregwu egwuregwu dịka ndị ọkpọ Mike Tyson na Floyd Mayweather, na onye na-eme egwuregwu Diane Dixon . <ref name="wsj">{{Cite news|author=Gallagher|first=Jacob|title=Dapper Dan Used to Knock Off Gucci. Now, He's Collaborating With Them|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/dapper-dan-used-to-knock-off-gucci-now-hes-collaborating-with-them-1526310035|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=May 14, 2018}}</ref> Iji akara ngosi n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị n'ụbọchị n'ichepụta omenala ya butere mwakpo adịgboroja na ịgba akwụkwọ, na n'ikpeazụ daa ụlọ ahịa mbụ ya. Na 1988, Tyson batara na Mitch Green n'ọgbaghara n'èzí ụlọ ahịa ya, nke tinyere Dapper Dan na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi maka oge mbụ. Mgbe e sere Tyson na-eyiri jaket Fendi si na Dapper Dan - nke a na-akpọ "ụlọ ahịa uwe abalị niile nke na-enye ndị na-eme ihe nkiri" na ''The New York Times'' - mmasị na ụlọ ahịa ahụ mechara mee ka o jiri okomoko Europe mee ihe. akara ngosi ejiji na nlebara anya nke ụlọ ọrụ okomoko Europe. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Gucci Enlists Dapper Dan For Its New Campaign|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/models/a12222689/gucci-enlists-dapper-dan-for-its-new-campaign/|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=[[Harper's Bazaar]]|date=September 11, 2017}}</ref> Na 1992, ka Fendi na mgbe ahụ-U. S. Attorney Sonia Sotomayor, Dapper Dan na-emechi maka ihe ọma. <ref name="wsj">{{Cite news|author=Gallagher|first=Jacob|title=Dapper Dan Used to Knock Off Gucci. Now, He's Collaborating With Them|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/dapper-dan-used-to-knock-off-gucci-now-hes-collaborating-with-them-1526310035|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=May 14, 2018}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGallagher2018">Gallagher, Jacob (May 14, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/dapper-dan-used-to-knock-off-gucci-now-hes-collaborating-with-them-1526310035 "Dapper Dan Used to Knock Off Gucci. Now, He's Collaborating With Them"]. ''[[Akwụkwọ akụkọ Wall Street|The Wall Street Journal]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181001031151/https://www.wsj.com/articles/dapper-dan-used-to-knock-off-gucci-now-hes-collaborating-with-them-1526310035 Archived] from the original on October 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Ụwa ejiji bụ isi na-agbara ya ọsọ ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, n'agbanyeghị na ọ nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ "n'okpuru ala" dị ka onye mmebe. <ref name="nytimes2017">{{Cite news|author=Cooper|first=Barry Michael|title=The Fashion Outlaw Dapper Dan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html|accessdate=October 1, 2018|work=The New York Times|date=June 3, 2017|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFCooper2017">Cooper, Barry Michael (June 3, 2017). [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html "The Fashion Outlaw Dapper Dan"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070456/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html Archived] from the original on October 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="complex">{{Cite news|author=Hairston|first=Tahirah|title=Dapper Dan Is Finally Getting His Props|url=https://www.complex.com/style/2018/07/dapper-dan-gucci-interview|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]|date=July 27, 2018|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHairston2018">Hairston, Tahirah (July 27, 2018). [https://www.complex.com/style/2018/07/dapper-dan-gucci-interview "Dapper Dan Is Finally Getting His Props"]. ''[[Mgbagwoju anya (magazine)|Complex]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181001031519/https://www.complex.com/style/2018/07/dapper-dan-gucci-interview Archived] from the original on October 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ malitere ịkwanye onye ọkpọ ọkpọ Floyd Mayweather na 1999. <ref name="dazed">{{Cite news|author=Brumfitt|first=Stuart|title=Dapper Dan: natural born hustler|url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/21390/1/dapper-dan-natural-born-hustler|accessdate=October 1, 2018|work=[[Dazed]]|date=September 25, 2014|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBrumfitt2014">Brumfitt, Stuart (September 25, 2014). [http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/21390/1/dapper-dan-natural-born-hustler "Dapper Dan: natural born hustler"]. ''[[Ụjọ tụrụ|Dazed]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070400/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/21390/1/dapper-dan-natural-born-hustler Archived] from the original on October 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> === Mwelite === Na Septemba 2006 ruo February 2007 Museum of City of New York Fashion, gosipụtara ihe atụ Dapper Dan na ihe ngosi a na-akpọ ''Black Styles Ugbu a'' . <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|author=Paulicelli|first=Eugenia|date=2021-10-22|title=''Made in Italy'': Translating Cultures from Gucci to Dapper Dan and Back|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14759756.2021.1963163|journal=Textile|volume=20|issue=2|pages=216–230|doi=10.1080/14759756.2021.1963163|issn=1475-9756|accessdate=2022-05-26}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPaulicelli2021">Paulicelli, Eugenia (2021-10-22). [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14759756.2021.1963163 "''Made in Italy'': Translating Cultures from Gucci to Dapper Dan and Back"]. ''Textile''. '''20''' (2): 216–230. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/14759756.2021.1963163|10.1080/14759756.2021.1963163]]. [[ISSN (ihe nchọpụta)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:1475-9756|1475-9756]]. [[S2CID (ihe nchọpụta)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248157700 248157700]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240223021020/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14759756.2021.1963163 Archived] from the original on 2024-02-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-26</span></span>.</cite></ref> Emegharila ọrụ ụbọchị n'afọ 2010, ma ọ hụla ihe ịga nke ọma kemgbe 2017. <ref name="fast">{{Cite news|title=How Dapper Dan, Harlem's Tailor, Mainstreamed "Ghetto Couture"|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/40533205/how-dapper-dan-harlems-tailor-mainstreamed-ghetto-couture|accessdate=October 1, 2018|work=Fast Company|date=March 1, 2018}}</ref> N'etiti afọ 2017, n'ịsọpụrụ Dapper Dan, onye nduzi ihe okike nke Gucci Alessandro Michele haziri jaket dabere na ihe ngosi Dapper Dan ama ama maka Diane Dixon na 1989. Nke mbụ bụ jaket nwere ajị anụ nwere aka uwe balloon kpuchiri na logo Louis Vuitton, nke Michele jiri akara ngosi G Gucci abụọ dochie ya. Mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi meghachiri omume mgbe Dixon kesara foto nke jaket Gucci na-esote ya na nke mbụ, na Dixon na-arịọ ka Dapper Dan nweta otuto maka mbụ ya; ọtụtụ ndị kweere na Gucci zuru ohi Dapper Dan imewe, karịsịa n'ihi Gucci na-adịghị ekwu ya na-asọpụrụ ruo mgbe ha dọtara nkatọ. <ref name="nytimes2017">{{Cite news|author=Cooper|first=Barry Michael|title=The Fashion Outlaw Dapper Dan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html|accessdate=October 1, 2018|work=The New York Times|date=June 3, 2017|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFCooper2017">Cooper, Barry Michael (June 3, 2017). [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html "The Fashion Outlaw Dapper Dan"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070456/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html Archived] from the original on October 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Schneier|first=Matthew|title=Did Gucci Copy 'Dapper Dan'? Or Was It 'Homage'?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/31/fashion/gucci-dapper-dan-jacket.html|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=The New York Times|date=May 31, 2017|language=en}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, nke a ga-eduga Diane Dixon na-atụ aro a Gucci na Dapper Dan mmekorita. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Cooper|first=Barry Michael|date=2017-06-03|title=The Fashion Outlaw Dapper Dan|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html|accessdate=2022-05-26}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">Cooper, Barry Michael (2017-06-03). [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html "The Fashion Outlaw Dapper Dan"]. ''The New York Times''. [[ISSN (ihe nchọpụta)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:0362-4331|0362-4331]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220525021312/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html Archived] from the original on 2022-05-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-26</span></span>.</cite></ref> Michelle na Dapper Dan jiri omenala subcultural mgbe ha na-achọ mkpali maka mkpokọta ha, iji hụ na ihe ịchọ mma pụrụ iche. <ref>{{Cite book|author=F|first=José Blanco|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DZcXEAAAQBAJ&dq=dapper+dan&pg=PA75|title=Fashion, Dress and Post-postmodernism|date=2021-01-28|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-350-11517-0|language=en|accessdate=2022-06-01}}</ref> == Na omenala ewu ewu == Dapper Dan arụwo ọrụ na ndị na-egwu egwu dị ka Bobby Brown, Eric B. &amp;amp; Rakim, LL Cool J, Big Daddy Kane na Salt-N-Pepa, na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti omenala hip-hop na ejiji okomoko. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Smith|first=Sterling|date=2020-05-01|title=The Fusion of Fashion and Rap Music|url=https://scholarworks.uark.edu/ampduht/12|journal=Apparel Merchandising and Product Development Undergraduate Honors Theses|accessdate=2022-05-26}}</ref> Na 2001, Dapper Dan na-ezo aka na Jay-Z lyric na egwu ya "U Don't Know" site na album ya ''The Blueprint'' . <ref name="chicagotribune">{{Cite news|author=Janssen|first=Kim|title=Fashion counterfeiter turned design icon Dapper Dan: Rappers gave me bouncing checks|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chicagoinc/ct-met-dapper-dan-1018-chicago-inc-20171017-story.html|accessdate=October 1, 2018|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=October 17, 2017}}</ref> Na 2002, a kpọtụrụ ya aha ọtụtụ oge na ihe nkiri mpụ Alpo Martinez ''akwụ ụgwọ zuru oke'' . <ref name="therake">{{Cite news|author=Brown|first=Benedict|title=Dapper Dan: Harlem's Hip Hop Tailor|url=https://therake.com/stories/icons/dapper-dan-harlems-hip-hop-tailor/|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=The Rake|date=September 2017}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBrown2017">Brown, Benedict (September 2017). [https://therake.com/stories/icons/dapper-dan-harlems-hip-hop-tailor/ "Dapper Dan: Harlem's Hip Hop Tailor"]. ''The Rake''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070222/https://therake.com/stories/icons/dapper-dan-harlems-hip-hop-tailor/ Archived] from the original on October 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Na mgbakwunye na 2019, e zoro aka na ya na uri ''Dapper Dan zutere Petey Shooting Cee-lo'' nke Willie Perdomo dere . Na Septemba 2016, tupu mmalite nke usoro Netflix mbụ ''Luke Cage'', Dapper Dan gosipụtara na akụkụ nke "Street Level Hero" usoro mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi dijitalụ iji kwurịta ''Luke Cage'', nke edobere na Harlem. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Watch Hip-Hop Legends Talk the 'Luke Cage' Netflix Series|url=https://www.bet.com/celebrities/news/2016/09/27/hip-hop-legends-luke-cage.html|accessdate=October 4, 2018|publisher=BET.com|date=September 28, 2016}}</ref> O mechara pụta na akụkụ abụọ nke usoro ahụ, otu n'ime oge mbụ na otu na nke abụọ, na-egwu onwe ya. Na Nọvemba 2017, ọ pụtara na ngalaba na ''Conan'' maka ọnụnọ Conan O'Brien na Apollo Theatre nke o mere ka ndị ọbịa okwu ngosi. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Wright|first=Megh|title=Conan O'Brien Gets a Harlem Swag Makeover by Dapper Dan|url=http://www.vulture.com/2017/11/conan-obrien-gets-a-harlem-swag-makeover-by-dapper-dan.html|accessdate=October 1, 2018|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|date=November 7, 2017|language=en}}</ref> Random House bipụtara ihe ncheta ụbọchị na 2019. Foto Sony azụtalarị ikike maka mmegharị ihe nkiri, yana onye na-agụ ọchị Jerrod Carmichael jikọtara ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe na onye na-emepụta ihe. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Galuppo|first=Mia|title=Dapper Dan Biopic in the Works From Sony, Jerrod Carmichael (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/dapper-dan-biopic-works-sony-jerrod-carmichael-1092914|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 7, 2018|language=en}}</ref> Ụbọchị ga-abụ onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Grant|first=Jasmine|title=A Dapper Dan Biopic Is in Development|url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2018/03/dapper-dan-biopic-in-development|accessdate=October 1, 2018|work=Complex|date=March 7, 2018|language=en}}</ref> Onye na-agụ egwú Spanish, [[Rosalía]], zoro aka na Mazi Dan na egwu, 'Combi Versace ', site na album studio nke atọ ya, MOTOMAMI . Na 2019 Dapper Dan bụ onye ọka ikpe ọbịa na Runway Project maka ịma aka iyi okporo ụzọ; Oge 17 Nkeji 5. [[Nicki Minaj]] zoro Dan n'amaokwu ya na egwu Lil Uzi Vert "Ejiji na-adịghị agwụ agwụ". == Ndụ onwe onye == Ahụmahụ agbụrụ mbụ nke Dapper Dan na-anụ ka ndị mụrụ ya na-ekwu banyere otú usoro nke ọha mmadụ si emetụta ha. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Cooper|first=Barry Michael|date=2017-06-03|title=The Fashion Outlaw Dapper Dan|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html|accessdate=2022-05-26}}</ref> Dan nwere ụmụ asatọ nwere ụmụ nwanyị asaa: William Long, Daniel Day Jr., Danique Day, Aisha Day, Danielle Day, Malik Day, Tiffany White na Jelani Day, bụ onye njikwa ika maka nna ya. <ref name="gq">{{Cite news|author=Houghton|first=Edwin Stats|title=Dapper Dan Talks His Gucci Partnership, Dressing Harlem's Notorious Gangsters, and Getting Busted by Sonia Sotomayor (Exclusive)|url=https://www.gq.com/story/dapper-dan-gucci-harlem-atelier-exclusive-interview|accessdate=September 30, 2018|work=[[GQ]]|date=March 5, 2018|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHoughton2018">Houghton, Edwin Stats (March 5, 2018). [https://www.gq.com/story/dapper-dan-gucci-harlem-atelier-exclusive-interview "Dapper Dan Talks His Gucci Partnership, Dressing Harlem's Notorious Gangsters, and Getting Busted by Sonia Sotomayor (Exclusive)"]. ''[[GQ]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181001031205/https://www.gq.com/story/dapper-dan-gucci-harlem-atelier-exclusive-interview Archived] from the original on October 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> == Hụkwa == * Ejiji hip hop == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dan, Dapper}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8t23gwvllgt9z4aumt2s6sisgrnf92y 0 47264 628582 171191 2026-04-01T20:24:36Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628582 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Perry Engle''' (Ubochi nke iri na isii, n’onwa Julaị n’afo otu puku nari asato na iri ano ruo ubochi iri abuo na itolu n’onwa June n’afo otu puku nari itolu na iri ato na ise) bụ onye dọkịta America na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. == Mmụta == Perry Engle bụ nwa mbụ n'ime ụmụ nwoke asatọ Jacob Engle, onye obodo Somerset County, Pennsylvania, amụrụ n’afo otu puku nari asato na iri na abuo, na nwunye ya Louisa Engle mụrụ. A mụrụ Perry Engle n’ubochi nke iri na isii n’onwa Julaị n’afo otu puku nari asato na iri ano na Findlay, Ohio. O mere atụmatụ ịmụ iwu, mana n'ihi nsogbu ikwu okwu, ọ gara n'ihu na-agwọ ọrịa. Engle nwetara akara ugo mmụta na Mahadum Michigan State na Long Island Medical College. Engle malitere ọrụ ya na Brooklyn. N'afọ otu puku nari asato na iri asaa na abuo, ọ lụrụ Ann Arbor, Michigan, nwa amaala Katie Madison ma soro ya kwaga Newton, Iowa.<ref name="iaga">{{Cite news|title=Senator Perry Engle|url=https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislators/legislator?ga=24&personID=3950|accessdate=18 June 2022}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Engle kwadoro [[Abraham Lincoln]] na ntuli aka onye isi ala nke afo otu puku nari asato na iri isii. Ọ sonyeere Greenback Party n’afo otu puku nari asato na iri asaa na isii wee guzobe ''Newton Herald'', akwụkwọ akụkọ jikọtara ya na pati ahụ, n'otu afọ ahụ. Site n’afo otu puku nari asato na iri asato na asato, Engle wegara ọtụtụ ọrụ nchịkwa akwụkwọ na William Burney. Mbipụta ahụ gbanwere aha ya mgbe e mesịrị, gaa na Newton Daily News. Engle sonyere na ntuli aka Senate nke Iowa n’afo otu puku nari asato na iri asato na itolu dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa nke Union Labor Party, merie oche Distrikiti nke iri abuo na itolu wee gbanwee njikọ ya na People's Party tupu ntuli aka n’afo otu puku nari asato na iri itolu na otu. Ọ nọgidere bụrụ onye otu Senate nke Iowa ruo na njedebe nke afọ anọ ya n’afo otu puku nari asato na iri itolu na ano. Dị ka onye omeiwu, Engle kwadoro ka e mee iwu nke guzobere Educational Blind School for Adults na Knoxville. N'oge ọ nọ dị ka onye omeiwu, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ntụli aka maka ọtụtụ usoro. Engle bidoro maka Congress na ntuli aka n’afo otu puku nari asato na iri asato na abuo United States House of Representatives. Ọ bụ onye na-azọ ọkwa osote gọvanọ n'oge ntuli aka gọvanọ Iowa n'afọ otu puku nari itolu na otu. Ndị People's Party kwadoro mkpọsa abụọ ahụ na-enweghị isi.<ref name="iaga" /> Engle bụ onye Freemason. Ọ sonyeere òtù ahụ n’afo otu puku nari asato na iri isii na otu, mgbe ọ bi na Findlay, Ohio. A kpọfere ndị otu ya na Newton, Iowa, n'afọ otu puku nari asato na iri asaa na ato. Engle nwụrụ n’ubochi iri abuo na itolu n’onwa June n’afo otu puku nari itolu na iri ato na ise.<ref name="iaga" /> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Visibilizing disabilities in Nigeria (1.0)]] [[Òtù:Igbo wikimedians user Group]] hat34s1nl352wi9uhnyl1wrkhccc4d9 0 47674 628592 171910 2026-04-01T21:02:14Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Peter A. Ramsey''' (amuru Disemba 23, 1962) bu onye ihe nlere nke America, onye na-ese ihe nlere, na onye na-ese ihe nkiri. A maara ya nke ọma maka iduzi DreamWorks Animation 's ''Rise of the Guardians'' (2012), na-aghọ [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|onye America]] mbụ America na-eduzi nnukwu ihe nkiri American animated, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.becauseofthemwecan.com/blogs/botwc-firsts/https-www-becauseofthemwecan-com-blogs-botwc-firsts-peter-ramsey-is-the-first-black-person-to-direct-a-major-animated-film|title=Peter Ramsey is the First Black Person to Direct a Major Animated Film|date=7 January 2019}}</ref> na onye na-eduzi Sony Pictures Animation 's ''Spider-Man: Into the Spider -Amaokwu'' (2018). Maka ''Ududo-Man: N'ime Ududo-Verse'', ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ African American ka a họpụtara maka ma merie Academy Award for Best Animated Feature . == Ndụ mbido == Ramsey tolitere na Crenshaw District nke South Los Angeles, wee gụchaa na 1980 na Palisades High School . Ọ gụrụ eserese na Mahadum California, Los Angeles afọ abụọ tupu ọ debanye aha na klas ihe nkiri na kọleji Los Angeles City . <ref>{{Cite web|author=McDonald|first=Pamela Mays|title=Another "First" in Artistic Achievement: Director Peter Ramsey|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/peter-ramsey-artist_b_1964661|work=Black Voices|date=24 October 2012|publisher=[[HuffPost]]|accessdate=April 22, 2022}}</ref> A zụlitere ya ndị Katọlik . <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2012-12-10|title=A Chat with Director Peter Ramsey|url=https://katychristianmagazine.com/2012/12/09/a-chat-with-director-peter-ramsey/|accessdate=2023-06-03|work=Katy Christian Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ọrụ mbụ ya na Hollywood na-ese ihe osise, ma n'oge na-adịghị, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese akụkọ akụkọ na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri 26 gụnyere ''Predator 2'', ''Backdraft'', ''Ụbọchị nnwere onwe'', ''Fight Club'' na ''AI Artificial Intelligence'' . Ọ bụ onye isi ngalaba nke abụọ maka ''ikpe ikpe uri'', ''mmụta dị elu'', ''nwa nwanyị tank'' na ''Godzilla'' . Aron Warner, onye na-emepụta ''Tank Girl'', tụrụ aro ka ọ sonyere DreamWorks Animation . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Cavna|first=Michael|title='RISE OF THE GUARDIANS': 'The Obama of animation'? Director Peter Ramsey deflects the comparison — but not the responsibility|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/comic-riffs/post/rise-of-the-guardians-the-obama-of-animation-director-peter-ramsey-deflects-the-comparison--but-not-the-responsibility/2012/11/30/b2dac3c0-3aa7-11e2-a263-f0ebffed2f15_blog.html|work=[[Washington Post]]|date=30 November 2012|accessdate=23 January 2013}}</ref> Mgbe mmalite na-enweghị mmasị, Ramsey sonyeere DreamWorks dị ka onye na-ese akụkọ maka ''Shrek nke atọ'' na ''Shrek Ụlọ Nzukọ'' . Na 2012, ọ na-eduzi ''Rise of the Guardians'', dabere na William Joyce 's ''The Guardians of Childhood'' akwụkwọ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ African-American na-eduzi atụmatụ mmemme mmefu ego buru ibu. <ref name="GNPSelfTaught">{{Cite news|author=Tulich|first=Katherine|title='Rise of the Guardians' director a self-taught success|url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/glendale-news-press/entertainment/tn-gnp-xpm-2012-07-21-tn-gnp-0722-dreamworks-story.html|accessdate=April 22, 2022|work=Los Angeles Times|date=July 21, 2012}}</ref> Na 2018, ọ na-eduzi ''Spider-Man: N'ime Ududo-Verse'', nke meriri 2019 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature . <ref name="Variety: Oscar Nominations 2019">{{Cite web|title=Oscar Nominations 2019: The Complete List|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/oscar-nominations-2019-list-1203112405/|work=Variety|date=22 January 2019|accessdate=14 February 2019}}</ref> A na-ahazi ya ka ọ dee ma na-eduzi ''ọnụ ọgụgụ ọbara'', oge vampire thriller nke Paramount Pictures kesara, yana ihe nkiri Robert Johnson ''Love bụ Vain.'' <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2022-02-13|title=Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse Co-Director to Helm Vampire Thriller Blood Count|url=https://movieweb.com/peter-ramsey-paramount-supernatural-thriller-blood-count/|accessdate=2022-03-15|work=MovieWeb|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=D’Allessandro|first=Anthony|title=Paramount Buys 'Love In Vain' Pitch About Blues Pioneer Robert Johnson, 'Spider-Verse's Peter Ramsey Directing|url=https://deadline.com/2019/11/spider-man-into-the-spider-verse-peter-ramsey-robert-johnson-blue-biopic-paramount-lionel-richie-love-in-vain-1202778313/|date=November 5, 2019|work=Deadline Hollywood|accessdate=August 25, 2022}}</ref> Na Eprel 16, 2021, edobere ya ka ọ duzie mmegharị ihe nkiri nke Matthew Quick novel ''Boy21'' . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Breznican|first=Anthony|title=Oscar-Winner Peter Ramsey's Life Story Could Be Its Own Movie|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2021/04/peter-ramsey-spider-man-into-the-spider-verse-oscars|date=April 16, 2021|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|accessdate=August 25, 2022}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == === Onye nduzi === * ''Nnukwu anụ vs. Aliens: Pumpkins Mutant from Outer Space'' (2009) * ''Rise of the Guardians'' (2012) * ''Ududo-Man: N'ime ududo-Verse'' (2018) (onye ntụzi aka ya na Bob Persichetti na Rodney Rothman ) <ref>{{Cite web|author=Grobar|first=Matt|title=Sony's Untitled 'Spider-Man' Animated Film To Feature Miles Morales As Lead Character|url=https://deadline.com/2017/01/sony-reveals-miles-morales-as-animated-spider-man-pic-main-character-1201889037/|publisher=Deadline|accessdate=January 22, 2017|date=January 18, 2017}}</ref> * ''Anyị ndị mmadụ'' (2021) (Ngalaba: ''Amaala na-arụsi ọrụ ike'' ) * ''Ollie furu efu'' (2022) * ''The Mandalorian'' (2023) (Mmemme: " Isi nke 21: The Pirate ") * ''Ahsoka'' (2023) (Mmemme: " Nkebi nke anọ: Jedi dara ") * ''Ọnụọgụ ọbara'' (TBA) <ref name=":0" /> === Ndị ọzọ === * ''Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmụọ ozi'' (1990) (onye na-ese ihe na-aga n'ihu) * ''Nnukwu anụ vs. Aliens'' (2009) (isi akụkọ) * ''Puss in Boots'' (2011) (onye ndụmọdụ okike) * ''Spider-Man: Ọbịbịa'' (2017) (isi akụkọ) * ''Ịhụnanya ntutu'' (2019) (onye na-emepụta ihe) <ref>{{Cite news|author=McMillan|first=Graeme|title=Lion Forge Animation Launches With 'Hair Love' Short|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/lion-forge-animation-launches-hair-love-short-1230318|accessdate=August 11, 2019|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=August 9, 2019|language=en}}</ref> * ''Ududo-Man: gafee Ududo-Verse'' (2023) (onye na-emepụta ihe) <ref>{{Cite news|author=B. Vary|first=Adam|title='Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse' Sequel Snares New Directing Trio (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/spider-man-into-the-spider-verse-2-directors-1234951631/|accessdate=April 25, 2021|work=Variety|date=April 19, 2021}}</ref> * ''[[Kizazi Moto: Ọkụ Ọgbọ]]'' (2023) (onye nrụpụta ọrụ) <ref>{{Cite web|author=Vourlias|first=Christopher|date=2021-06-17|title=Disney Taps Top African Toon Talents for Animated Anthology 'Kizazi Moto' (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/global/disney-plus-kizazi-moto-annecy-1234998580/|accessdate=2023-07-05|work=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> * ''Ududo-Man: N'ofè Spider-Verse'' (TBA) (onye na-emepụta ihe) <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-12-29|title=Sony Pictures Animation's Bold Past, Present and Future|url=https://www.thewrap.com/sony-pictures-animation-history-movies-spider-verse/|accessdate=2022-12-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Year !Award !Title !Category !Result !{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- |2023 |Children's and Family Emmy Awards |''Lost Ollie'' |Outstanding Directing for a Single Camera Program | {{Won}} |- |2022 |Children's and Family Emmy Awards |''We the People'' |Outstanding Short Form Program | {{Won}} |- |2019 ! scope="row" |[[Academy Awards]] | rowspan="4" |''Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse'' |Best Animated Feature | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2019|title=2019 &#124; Oscars.org &#124; Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|work=oscars.org|date=15 April 2019|publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]|accessdate=September 12, 2021}}</ref> |- |2019 ! scope="row" |Annie Awards |Directing in a Feature Production | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://annieawards.org/legacy/46th-annie-awards|title=46th Annual Annie Awards|work=annieawards.org|publisher=[[ASIFA-Hollywood]]|accessdate=September 12, 2021}}</ref> |- |2019 ! scope="row" |British Academy Film Awards |Best Animated Film | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bafta.org/film/awards/ee-british-academy-film-awards-nominees-winners-2019|title=EE British Academy Film Awards Winners in 2019|work=bafta.org|publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]]|date=January 9, 2019|accessdate=September 12, 2021}}</ref> |- |2019 ! scope="row" |Critics' Choice Movie Awards |Best Animated Feature | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/awards/2019-critics-choice-awards-winners-nominees-full-list-1203106702/|title='Roma,' 'The Americans' and 'The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel' Win Top Critics' Choice Honors|author=Tapley|first=Kristopher|date=January 13, 2019|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=September 12, 2021}}</ref> |- |2013 ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Golden Globe Awards |''Rise of the Guardians'' | rowspan="2" |Best Animated Feature Film | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goldenglobes.org/2012/12/nominations-2013/|title=2013 Golden Globe Nominations|work=goldenglobes.com|publisher=[[Hollywood Foreign Press Association]]|date=December 13, 2012|accessdate=September 12, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214105703/http://www.goldenglobes.org/2012/12/nominations-2013/|archivedate=December 14, 2012}}</ref> |- |2019 | rowspan="2" |''Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse'' | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/articles/all-winners-76th-golden-globes|title=All the Winners of the 76th Golden Globes|work=goldenglobes.com|publisher=[[Hollywood Foreign Press Association]]|date=January 7, 2019|accessdate=September 12, 2021}}</ref> |- |2019 ! scope="row" |Hugo Awards |Best Dramatic Presentation | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2019-hugo-awards/|title=2019 Hugo Awards|work=thehugoawards.org|publisher=[[World Science Fiction Society]]|date=August 18, 2019|accessdate=September 12, 2021}}</ref> |- |2012 ! scope="row" |Visual Effects Society Awards |''Rise of the Guardians'' |Outstanding Visual Effects in an Animated Feature | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.visualeffectssociety.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/11th-annual-ves-awards-nominations-press-release.pdf|title=Visual Effects Society Announces Nominees for 11th Annual VES Awards|work=visualeffectssociety.com|publisher=[[Visual Effects Society]]|accessdate=September 12, 2021}}</ref> |} == Ntụaka == N'ime Ududo-Verse, ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ African American ka a họpụtara maka ma merie Academy Award for Best Animated Feature .{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga ==   * {{IMDb name|0709056}} * Peter A. Ramsey at AllMovie [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] br4btjl56tic5b4ft9qj7fsm48j4bb7 0 48056 628628 627408 2026-04-02T00:25:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Russell Chatham|birth_date={{birth date|1939|10|27}}|birth_place=San Francisco, California, United States|death_date={{death date and age|2019|11|10|1939|10|27}}|death_place=|occupation=Landscape painter and author}} Russell Chatham (October 27, 1939 - Nọvemba 10, 2019) [1] bụ onye omenkà n'ọdịdị ala America nke oge a na onye ode akwụkwọ ozi ọtụtụ ọrụ ya ibi na Livingston, Montana .  Onye na-ese ihe bụ nwa nwa nke onye na-ese ihe nkiri Gottardo Piazzoni, [2] n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe na-ahụ onwe ya.  E Pịawo ọrụ ya n'ihe ngosi ihe ngosi 400 nke otu nwoke na n'ihu ihe mgbe ochie na ụlọ ihe n'ime iri afọ ise gara aga.  Onye ode akwụkwọ nka Robert Hughes so na ndị nnakọta Chatham yana Paul Allen na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Jack Nicholson. <ref name="webb">{{Cite news|author=Webb|first=Jaci|title=YAM at 50: Renowned former Montana artist Russell Chatham paints light on the land|work=Billings Gazette – Entertainment|accessdate=December 15, 2014|date=December 15, 2014|url=http://billingsgazette.com/entertainment/arts-and-theatre/visual/yam-at-renowned-former-montana-artist-russell-chatham-paints-light/article_043c66c3-59d4-5752-b937-05091c1e638e.html}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ == Nne na nna Chatham bụ Russell Wilson Chatham (1906–1974) na Romy Charlotte Piazzoni (1908-1996).  Nnukwu nwanne nna ya bụ Luigi Piazzoni, onye mbata nke Switzerland nke bịara na ugwu Carmel Valley, California na ike awụ nke 19 ya na nna nna ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bolinasmuseum.org/exhibitions/the-piazzoni-legacy/|title=The Piazzoni Legacy, Three Generations Paint the Splendors of California|work=Bolinas Museum|author=Jan Holloway|date=June 26, 2005|accessdate=2023-01-16}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Chatham|first=Russell|url=https://archive.org/details/russellchathamon0000chat/page/119/mode/1up?q=%22Piazzoni+Ranch%22|title=Russell Chatham: One Hundred Paintings|location=Livingston, Montana|date=1990|accessdate=2023-01-16}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LVZC-RYQ|title=Historical Information for Russell Wilson Chatham|work=[[FamilySearch]]|accessdate=2023-01-16}}</ref> Ọrụ Chatham wepụrụ ọchịchọ akụkọ nke ọtụtụ nka ọdịda anyanwụ wee gosipụta odida obodo na-enwe mmekọrịta chiri anya n'ihe gbasara mmadụ ọbụlagodi na enweghị ya. Na mmalite 1980s Chatham malitere ime lithographs wee guzoro dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-eme nka n'ụwa mbụ. <ref name="chatham">{{Cite web|title=The Renaissance of Russell Chatham|author=Wilkinson|first=Todd|url=http://www.newwest.net/index.php/topic/article/the_renaissance_of_russell_chatham/C39/L39|publisher=New West|date=July 25, 2006|accessdate=July 24, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918014714/http://www.newwest.net/index.php/topic/article/the_renaissance_of_russell_chatham/C39/L39|archivedate=September 18, 2012}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye na lithography, Chatham mekwara ihe osise isiokwu mbụ.  Ihe osise isiokwu ya na-ere ugbu a maka iri puku kwuru puku puku dollar, ma ndepụta nchere ọtụtụ awụ maka ọrụ, mana dịka ndị na-ere aha ya siri kwuo, ọ masịrị ibi akwụkwọ lithograph dị ka ụdị nka siri ike.  (Ndị bi na Livingston ogologo oge nwere ike icheta oge mgbe n'oge ọrụ ya Chatham na-ere akara canvases ya maka ọrụ ndị dị mkpa na nhazi nhazi.) N'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ ike, Chatham lithographs nwere obere ihe ọmụmụ ya na  nhazi oge a, nke na-amalite mgbe niile site na foto na-emekarị.  naanị agba anọ na-eji.  Lithographs nka ya nwere ike ike agba agba 30 ma ọ bụ 40 dị iche iche, nke a ga-etinye aka na ya na efere akwụkwọ, yana agba pịara maka mgbaàmà ikpeazụ.  Iji hụ ụfọdụ n'ime ihe àmà mbụ nke otu n'ime ya Mbipụta bụ ịhụ a ọkụ na vivid na iche na agba nke ọ nke nta ka- ike ekwe omume ịtụrụ ime nke ikpeazụ shadings na ike na agba na agba. <ref name="chatham" /><cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFWilkinson2006">Wilkinson, Todd (July 25, 2006).. New West. Archived from [http://www.newwest.net/index.php/topic/article/the_renaissance_of_russell_chatham/C39/L39 the original] on September 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe, Chatham dekwara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ.  usoro nke mkpirisi diski "Dark Waters" nke o ji ihe omume ndị enyi ya na-ahụ nta, dị ka onye edemede Jim Harrison .  Akụkọ ndị ahụ bụ Rabelaisian, okwu ọma arụ, na nke e dere nke ọma (otu onye a na-enyo enyo site n'aka ndị enyi ya na-ede akwụkwọ).  William Hjortsberg nke ụka nke a n'oge ngosi na Livingston na Livingston na Disemba 9, 2008.  "Ọ bụ ezigbo onye edemede n'onwe ya," Hjortsberg kwuru.  Ha na-anya na-ahụ nta, ijiji azụ, nri, ebelata na ndụ.  Otu gbadoro ụkwụ n'ịkwadebe mgbama anụ ọkụkọ na njem egwuregwu kwa afụ nke a na-etinye naanị maka ngafe.  [1] [2] Na mgbakwunye na "Mmiri nrirì", Chatham dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara azụ ijiji. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ndị Chatham esere agbachaala ozi nke ọrụ Harrison mma. Na 2011, Chatham si na Livingston si California.  O nwere ụlọ ihe nkiri na Marshall, California . <ref name="sfgate">{{Cite web|title=Painter Russell Chatham falls on hard times|author=Whiting|first=Sam|url=http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Painter-Russell-Chatham-falls-on-hard-times-2371569.php|publisher=San Francisco Chronicle|date=May 13, 2011|accessdate=June 23, 2014}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ahọpụtara == * "Bass gbawara agbawa na ofufe: ntuziaka maka mmiri California" (Examiner Special Projects, 1977)  * "Russell Chatham" (Clark City Press, 1987)  * "Oge ịgbachi nkịtị: Akụkọ iri abụọ na otu" (Clark City Press, 1988)  * Mmiri gbara ọchịchịrị: edemede, akụkọ dị mkpirikpi na akụkọ (Clark City Press, 1988)  * "The Angler's Coast" (Clark City Press, edegharịrị, 1990)  * "Russell Chatham: Otu narị eserese" (Clark City Press, 1990)  == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} 7acgn6h3qc7inf6m6sf48jlh83gvcir 0 48318 628673 621500 2026-04-02T11:12:23Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Oluwafisayo Isa''' (amuru na Septemba 19, 2001), nke aha ogbo ogbo ya '''Darkoo''' mara, bu onye ogba egwu na onye na-agụ egwu Britain-Nigeria . <ref name="vogue">{{Cite web|author=Rockson|first=Gabrielle|title=DARKOO TALKS ABOUT HER NIGERIAN ROOTS, FOOTBALL, MUSIC & MORE IN BRAND-NEW EPISODE OF 'PRO:DIRECT OFF PITCH'|url=https://grmdaily.com/darkoo-pro-direct-off-pitch/|work=GRM Daily|date=11 October 2020|accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref> Ọ bịara bụrụ onye a ma ama na-eso mwepụta nke otu "Gangsta" ya, na-egosipụta One Acen, nke gbagoro na nọmba 22 na Chart Singles Official, <ref name="charts2">{{Cite web|title=DARKOO|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/56674/darkoo/|work=Official Charts Company|accessdate=7 September 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/56674/darkoo/ "DARKOO"]. ''Official Charts Company''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> wee gbakọọ ọnụ ọgụgụ mbụ, na UK Afrobeats Chart nke 2020 . Na 2022, a họpụtara Darkoo maka Best Diaspora Afrobeats Artist nke afọ na The Headies Awards wee mara ọkwa Pandora Music Italy dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-egwu egwu na ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe na ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ, Marco Mengoni, Keymaker Records, Federica Carta, na Baby K n'afọ na-esote. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Swanky|date=2022-05-24|title=The 15th Headies Award - Full Nomination List|url=https://rehabmusiks.com/the-15th-headies-award-full-nomination-list/|accessdate=2023-10-06|work=RehabMusik|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Italy's Top Streaming Artists: September's pandora favorites|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/09/italys-top-strea|accessdate=6 October 2023|work=Vanguard Nigeria}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Darkoo na Lagos, Nigeria, na-akwaga UK mgbe ọ dị afọ 7. <ref name="vogue" /> na a zụlitere ya na South London. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mukhtar|first=Amel|title=Rising Afroswing Star Darkoo Is Here To Change The Music Industry – And The World|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/article/darkoo-interview|work=Vogue|date=30 December 2020|accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref> Ọ gara St Catherine's Catholic School for Girls . == Ọrụ == Darkoo malitere ịtọhapụ egwu mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, <ref name="charts1" /> na-amalite dị ka onye na-egwu egwu tupu ọ malite itinye abụ n'ime egwu ya. <ref name="vogue" /> N'ọgwụgwụ 2019 ọ wepụtara otu "Gangsta", na-egosi onye na-agụ egwú Britain One Acen. Egwu ahụ bịara bụrụ onye ama ama na TikTok <ref name="charts1">{{Cite web|author=Copsey|first=Rob|title=Darkoo talks Gangsta success and plans for a full-length project: "This is just the beginning"|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/darkoo-talks-gangsta-success-and-plans-for-a-full-length-project-this-is-just-the-beginning__30318/|work=Official Charts Company|accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref> wee banye na Chart Singles Official na nọmba 34 na Nọvemba 2019, mechara rute ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke 22 na Jenụwarị 2020. <ref name="charts2">{{Cite web|title=DARKOO|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/56674/darkoo/|work=Official Charts Company|accessdate=7 September 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/56674/darkoo/ "DARKOO"]. ''Official Charts Company''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> O sochiri ihe ịga nke ọma a na Machị 2020 na otu "Juicy" na-egosi Hardy Caprio, nke ruru na 62 na Chart Singles Official. <ref name="charts2" /> Na 2020 MOBO Awards, Darkoo ka ahọpụtara maka iwu nwanyị kacha mma na onye bịara ọhụrụ, ebe a họpụtara “Gangsta” maka abụ nke afọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MOBO AWARDS 2020: SEE THE FULL LIST OF NOMINEES!|url=http://mobo.com/news/mobo-awards-2020-see-full-list-nominees|work=MOBO Awards|accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kane|first=Hannah|title=Two in One: Meet Darkoo|url=https://www.phoenixmag.co.uk/article/two-in-one-meet-darkoo/|work=Phoenix|accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref> {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:14em;" |Title ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:1em;" |Year ! colspan="1" scope="col" |Peak chart positions ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Certifications ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" |UK<br /><br /><ref name="charts2" /> |- ! scope="row" |"Gas Station"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Curtis J)</span> |2017 |— | | rowspan="9" {{n/a|Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row" |"Timeline"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(with Mulla Stackz)</span> |2018 |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Foreign"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(with AdeSTP & Shadz)</span> | rowspan="4" |2019 |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Juice"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(with Br3nya)</span> |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Rover" |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Gangsta"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(with One Acen)</span> |22 | * BPI: Platinum<ref>{{Cite web|title=Darkoo & One Acen|url=https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/15545-5179-1|work=British Phonographic Industry|accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |"Juicy"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(with Hardy Caprio)</span> | rowspan="3" |2020 |62 | |- ! scope="row" |"Kryptonite" |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Cinderella"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring 4Keus)</span> |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Pick Up" | rowspan="4" |2021 |— | | rowspan="3" |''2 in 1'' |- ! scope="row" |"She Like"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Blanco)</span> |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Slow Down"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Tion Wayne)</span> |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Bad From Early"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring [[Bnxn|Buju]] & TSB)</span> |— | |rowspan="4" {{n/a|Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row" |"Always"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Black Sherif)</span> | rowspan="3" |2022 |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Falling"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(with Smallgod & [[KiDi]])</span> |— | |- ! scope="row" |"There She Goes (Jack Sparrow)"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Mayorkun)</span> |— | |- !Favorite Girl (featuring Dess Dior) |2024 | | | |- |} ==== Dị ka onye na-ese ihe ngosi ==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Aha ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Afọ ! colspan="3" scope="col" | Ọkwa chaatị kacha elu ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Asambodo ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | UK<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <ref name="charts3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/49992/tion-wayne/|title=Tion Wayne &#124; full Official Chart History|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | AUS<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <ref name="aria">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aria.com.au/charts/singles-chart/2021-05-17|title=ARIA Top 50 Singles Chart|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|date=17 May 2021|accessdate=17 June 2021}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | NZ<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <ref name="nz">{{Cite web|date=3 May 2021|title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=5066|accessdate=17 June 2021|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514221630/https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=5066|archivedate=14 May 2021}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | " Ahu " (Remix)<br /><br /><br /><br /> (Russ Millions na Tion Wayne featuring ArrDee, E1 (3x3), Bugzy Malone, Fivio Foreign, ZT (3x3), Darkoo, na Buni | rowspan="2" | 2021 | 1 | 1 | 1 | * BPI: Platinum </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" data-ve-ignore="true" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[Wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> * ARIA : 2× Platinum <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aria.com.au/charts/hip-hop-r-and-b-singles-chart/2021-11-15|title=ARIA Top 40 Hip Hop/R&B Singles for week of 15 November 2021|publisher=aria.com.au|accessdate=December 30, 2021}}</ref> | ''[[Green With Envy|Green na anyaụfụ]]'' na ''nrụgide pier'' |} == Ntụaka == ọkwa Pandora Music Italy dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-egwu egwu na ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe na ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ, Marco {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Darkoo}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] sqcdk4cgw74bcp3xxnkkszokadn4mze 0 48528 628675 621503 2026-04-02T11:24:14Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Darius McCrary|image=Darius McCrary, June 2016.jpg|imagesize=|caption=McCrary in 2016|birthname=Darius Creston McCrary|birth_date={{birth date and age|1976|5|1}}|birth_place=[[Walnut, California]], U.S.|occupation={{hlist| Actor|singer|producer}}|yearsactive=1987–present|known_for=Eddie Winslow – ''[[Family Matters]]''|spouse={{ubl|{{marriage|Juliette M. Vann|2005|2006|reason=div.}}| {{marriage|[[Karrine Steffans]]|2009|2011|reason=div.}} {{marriage|Tammy Brawner|2014|2017|reason=div.}}|<ref>{{cite web|first=Jazmine Denise|last=Rogers|url=http://madamenoire.com/239201/im-not-me-without-him-karrine-steffans-speaks-on-her-strange-relationship-with-lil-wayne-and-leaving-her-husband|title='I'm Not Me Without Him:' Karrine Steffans Speaks On Strange Relationship With Lil Wayne And Leaving Her Husband|work=MadameNoire|date=December 3, 2012|access-date=March 27, 2015}}</ref>}}|children=3|website=}} {{Databox}}'''Darius Creston McCrary''' (amuru May 1, 1976) bu onye omekorita America, onye ọbụ abụ na onye na-emeputa ihe. A maara McCrary maka ọrụ ya dị ka Edward “Eddie” Winslow, nwa kacha ochie nke Carl na Harriette Winslow na ABC / CBS telivishọn sitcom ''Family Matters'', nke sitere na 1989 – 1998. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Cruisin' TakesA Back Seat|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=March 16, 1993|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-03-16/features/9303160344_1_cruising-family-matters-donovan|accessdate=September 24, 2010|first=Brenda|author=Herrmann}}</ref> Ọ gbakwara Scam na ihe nkiri 1987 na-atọ ọchị ''Big Shots'', nke bụ mpụta ihe nkiri ya. O nyere olu Jazz na ''Transformers'' (2007). Site na Disemba 2009 ruo Ọktoba 2011, o gosipụtara onye na-ese foto Malcolm Winters na ihe nkiri ụbọchị CBS ''The Young and the restless'' . == Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ == McCrary malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri ụmụaka wee mee ihe nkiri mbụ ya na 1987 na-atọ ọchị ''Big Shots'' . Ọ pụtakwara na ebe ndị ọbịa na telivishọn episodic wee rụọ ọrụ na ihe nkiri 1988 ''Mississippi Burning'' tupu ọ banye ọrụ Eddie Winslow na ''ihe gbasara ezinụlọ'' n'afọ na-esote. <ref name="filmref">{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/56/Darius-McCrary.html|title=Darius McCrary Biography (1976-)|work=filmreference.com|accessdate=2009-01-17}}</ref> Mgbe ''ihe gbasara ezinụlọ'' kwụsịrị ịgba ọsọ ya na 1998, McCrary rụkọrọ ọrụ na usoro UPN dị mkpụmkpụ ''nke Freedom'' . Na 2000, o nwere onye ndu dị ka Tommy na "Ihe na-abụ banyere", ihe nkiri Ndị Kraịst nke Billy Graham Evangelistic Association mepụtara. Na 2001, ọ pụtara na ''15 nkeji'' megidere Robert De Niro na ''Alaeze Bịa'', na Whoopi Goldberg . N'April na Mee 2006, McCrary jikọtara ya na onye otu kpakpando ''ezinụlọ'' ya Kellie Shanygne Williams dị ka Jamal na UPN 's ''Eve'' maka nkeji abụọ. Na 2007, ọ bụ olu Jazz na ihe nkiri ''Transformers'' . Na 2009, o kwupụtara Tarix na ''Bionicle: The Legend Reborn'' . McCrary nwekwara ọrụ ihe nkiri na ''Next Day Air'', ''Saw VI'', na ihe nkiri egwuregwu mba dị ka ''The Maintenance Man'' . N'ọnwa Disemba ahụ, ọ sonyeere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri CBS nke ụbọchị ''The Young and the restless'' . McCrary gosipụtara Malcolm Winters, ọrụ sitere na Shemar Moore . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soapcentral.com/yr/news/2009/1116-mccrary.php|title=Family Matters star as Y&R's new Malcolm Winters|first=Dan J.|author=Kroll|work=Soap Central.com|accessdate=2022-06-16|archivedate=2021-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126100817/https://www.soapcentral.com/yr/news/2009/1116-mccrary.php}}</ref> Sonyere na usoro ihe omume site n'aka onye na-emekọ ''ihe ọnụ ezinụlọ'' mbụ Bryton James (né McClure), McCrary hapụrụ ''The Young and the restless'' na Ọktoba 2011. E wepụtara album mbụ McCrary n'otu afọ ahụ. == Ndụ onwe onye == McCrary bụ onye nchoputa nke FathersCare, otu na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ n'okpuru nche anwụ McCrary Foundation, malitere site nna ya, nwanne nne ya na nwanne nna ya, nke a makwaara dị ka McCrarys . N'afọ 2015, e jidere ya ma jide ya n'ihi na ọ naghị akwụ ụgwọ nkwado ụmụaka, ma a tọhapụrụ ya mgbe awa abụọ gasịrị mgbe ọ kwụrụ ụgwọ $ 5,500 zuru ezu na nkwado azụ azụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Murphy|first=Doyle|title=Darius McCrary, former 'Family Matters' star, arrested over child support payments|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/family-matters-star-darius-mccrary-arrested-michigan-article-1.2163941|date=March 26, 2015|accessdate=2022-06-16|work=[[New York Daily News]]}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 27, 2023, ejidere McCrary nke ugboro abụọ na ebubo mpụ nke ịkwụghị nkwado ụmụaka karịrị $52,000 dị ka nke Machị 2019. Ọ gọnarịrị na ọ bụghị ikpe mara, ma edobere nkwekọ ya na $13,197.01, dịka akwụkwọ ụlọikpe siri kwuo. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Elibert|first=Mark|title=Darius McCrary Arrested for Failing To Pay Child Support a Second Time|url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/markelibert/darius-mccrary-arrested-child-support|date=December 16, 2023|accessdate=February 8, 2024|work=Complex}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |1987 |''Big Shots'' |Jeremy "Scam" Henderson | |- |1988 |''Mississippi Burning'' |Aaron Williams | |- |1995 |''Kidz in the Wood'' |Tootooe |TV movie |- |1997 |''Don King: Only in America'' |Muhammad Ali |TV movie |- |1998 |''Park Day'' |Andre Simmons | |- |1999 |''The Breaks'' |Shaquan | |- |2000 |''Something to Sing About'' |Tommy |TV movie |- | rowspan="2" |2001 |''Kingdom Come'' |Royce Slocumb | |- |''15 Minutes'' |Detective Tommy Cullen | |- | rowspan="2" |2002 |''Vampires: Los Muertos'' |Ray Collins | |- |''Hostage'' |FBI Commander Darius Jackson |Short |- |2004 |''The Maintenance Man'' |Malcolm Tremell |Video |- |2006 |''Da Jammies'' |Dean Cransbury (voice) |Video |- |2007 |''Transformers'' |Jazz (Voice) | |- | rowspan="3" |2009 |''Next Day Air'' |Buddy | |- |''Steppin: The Movie'' |Sinis | |- |''Saw VI'' |Dave | |- |2010 |''Church'' |Daniel | |- | rowspan="4" |2011 |''35 and Ticking'' |Nick West | |- |''The Perfect Gift'' |Darren Smith | |- |''He's Mine Not Yours'' |William | |- |''Houndz from Hell'' |Extract | |- | rowspan="2" |2013 |''24 Hour Love'' |Vernon | |- |''Will a Man Rob God?'' |Corey |Video |- |2014 |''Reach Me'' |Captain Hawkings | |- |2015 |''The Summoning'' |Drew | |- |2016 |''Love Under New Management: The Miki Howard Story'' |Gerald Levert |TV movie |- |2019 |''Fanatic'' |Officer Hardaway |TV movie |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''Christmas in Carolina'' |Marlone | |- |''True to the Game 2'' |Detective Joe | |- |2021 |''True to the Game 3'' |Detective Joe | |- |2022 |''Wayward'' |Anthony Demme | |- |2023 |''Sebastian'' |Detective Dale Dumars |Tubi release |} === Vidio egwu === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" !Afọ ! Abụ ! Onye na-ese ihe ! Ọrụ |- | 2017 | "Tinye m" | Ledisi | Onye ọbịa oriri |} === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" !Afọ ! Aha |- | 2007 | ''Aha m bụ Rick James'' |- | 2009 | ''Kiss na ọdụ: Hollywood Jumpoff'' |} == Ọrụ egwu == === 2016 === {| class="wikitable" !Onye na-ese ihe ! Album ! Labelụ ! Ewepụtara ya ! Ndị na-alụbeghị di ! Ntinye aka ! Mmepụta |- | Emcee mara mma | Ihe niile gbasara U | Egwu obodo Gypsy | 07/2016 | "Ihe niile gbasara U" ft. Darius McCrary <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/all-about-u-feat-darius-mccrary-single/1134066764|title=All About U (feat. Darius McCrary)|date=July 21, 2016|work=Apple Music}}</ref> | Onye edemede & Onye na-eme ihe nkiri | onweghi |- |} == Nhọpụta ihe nrite == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Ihe nrite ! Nsonaazụ ! Otu ! Ihe nkiri ma ọ bụ usoro |- | 1988 | rowspan="3" | Ihe nrite onye nka na-eto eto | rowspan="3" | '''Ahọpụtara''' | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-eto eto kacha mma n'ime ihe nkiri - ihe ọchị | ''Nnukwu gbaa'' |- | 1989 | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-eto eto kacha mma n'ime ihe nkiri - Ihe nkiri | ''Mississippi Ọkụ'' |- | 1993 | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-eto eto kacha mma na usoro ihe onyonyo | ''Okwu Ezinụlọ'' |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name}} * Darius McCrary at AllMovie * Darius McCrary on X {{DEFAULTSORT:McCrary, Darius}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] eaadnbhps50vn3rcltcr7v7t7okb6tq 0 48906 628586 194640 2026-04-01T20:34:08Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628586 wikitext text/x-wiki Peter Forakis (September 22, 1927 - Nọvemba 26, 2009) [1] [2] bụ onye omenkà na prọfesọ America.  A mara ya dị ka onye na-ese geometric na-ahụ ahụ anya. == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Peter Forakis na Septemba 22, 1927 na Hanna, Wyoming .  [1] Nwa nwoke onye Gris kwabatara, o tolitere na Wyoming prairie ruo mgbe ọ dị afụ 10 mgbe ya ihe kwagara Oakland, California.  N'ikpeazụ, biri na Modesto, California <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=Smith|first=Roberta|date=2009-12-17|title=Peter Forakis, a Sculptor of Geometric Forms, Is Dead at 82|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/16/arts/design/16forakis.html|accessdate=2021-09-17}}</ref> Forakis nọ na Merchant Marines site na 1945 ruo 1950. Ọ jere ozi na ndị agha United States na Korea na [[Japan]] site na 1951 ruo 1953. Ochie BFAdegree ya na 1957 na California School of Fine Arts (ugbu a San Francisco Art Institute ). <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2009-12-18|title=Peter Forakis (1927–2009)|url=https://www.artforum.com/news/peter-forakis-1927-2009-193036/|accessdate=2024-03-28|work=[[Artforum]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Art == Na 1955, Forakis akwụkwọ mmado maka ịgụ akwụkwọ osisi isii nke Allen Ginsberg, Philip Lamantia, Michael McClure, Gary Snyder, na Philip Whalen, MCed nke Kenneth Rexroth dere <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://art.famsf.org/peter-forakis/poster-6-gallery-poetry-reading-october-7-1955-199696|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085608/https://art.famsf.org/peter-forakis/poster-6-gallery-poetry-reading-october-7-1955-199696|archivedate=2016-03-04|title=Poster for the 6 Gallery, Poetry Reading|publisher=Fine Art Museums of San Francisco|accessdate=2015-10-07}}</ref> Na 1958, Forakis kwagara New York City.  Ọ bụ n'oge a na New York na njedebe 1950-1960 ka Forakis dị ka onye ama na ụwa nka, yana, yana ndị na-ese ihe Mark di Suvero, Edwin Ruda, Dean Fleming, Robert Grosvenor, Anthony Magar,  Tamara Melcher, Forrest “Frosty” Myers, David Novros, na Leo Valledor, o hiwere Park Place Gallery (1963 – 1967), oghere co-op nke ndị nka n'iche.  [1] Park Place ihe atụ maka oghere nka nke 1970s</link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Forakis bụ onye foto na- echereghị ma na-eme egwuregwu nke ya n'oge oge Park Place Gallery.  N'agbanyeghị na ihe ihe dị ka onye na-ese, ihe osise ya ese ihe ọkpụkpụ.  Ọrụ ya mgbasa ngwa na ntụgharị 3, yana usoro ọkụ seminal nke "eserese 3D" (1959-1962) nke nwera ihe owuwu na-egosi na-afọ nke ọdịdị nke sitere na osisi ndu nke ọma "si na ike ahụ.  pụta."  N'ụzọ dị mwute, ole na ole n'ime ọrụ ndị a ka dị.  Geometry masịrị Forakis ma lekwasịrị anya ya mere ihe ọkpụkpụ.  Onye nkatọ San Francisco Chronicle Art Kenneth Baker ochie Forakis dị ka "onye ahụ ihe ọkpụkpụ jiometrị sitere na 60s".  N'ime edemede nke Joanne Dickson nke ihuenyo "Profile: Peter Forakis" na ike Winter 1981 nke Ocular Magazine Forakis kwuru, "Geometry… 5 na ala na okwu ya niile.  anọ.  Kamara afọ 1950, Peter Forakis abụrụla onye na-ahụ ihe ọkpụkpụ nke na-adabere naỤ geometric dị ka cubes, spheres, octahedrons na rhomboids.  Ụfọdụ n'ime ibe ya kacha mara amara amara Daedules & Icarus (1963), Ime Anwansi (1966) na Hyper Cube, 1967 ( Waker Art Center ). N'afọ 1967, Forakis nwetara ọrụ nleba anya mbụ ya. ''Ọnụ ụzọ ámá Atlanta'', otu n'ime ọrụ kachasị dị ugbu a nke ọkpụkpụ ọgbara ọhụrụ n'ebe ọ bụla na-atụ 100 ụkwụ 200 site na 100 ụkwụ nke tubular steel, na-agbasa nnukwu akwara okporo ụzọ na Atlanta, Georgia's Southwest Industrial Park. By the early 1970s Forakis had begun experimenting with his "space" technique, one of his signature results that became known as a unique language of geometric analysis and for producing large-scale machining without welding.  Cutting holes in steel and sheet metal together allowed large sculptures to be assembled using only gravity and the weight of the material.  Archimedes Cube, (series, from 1968) signature piece for Forakis, no welds, just holes.  Among his iconic images are Sokar: Key Egypt (1974), and Jack [[London]] (1982) owned by the Oakland Museum and located in the Oakland Estuary, Oakland, California . Onye ọrụ ya na nnukwu ihe ngosi ihe ọkpụkpụ na ụlọ ihe mgbe ochie ochie Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) 1967 American Sculpture of the sixties exhibition.  A hụla ọrụ ya n'ụdị abụọ, n'ofe US, na Europe na Eshia.  O nwerekwara ọtụtụ nri == Ọnwụ == Forakis died on November 26, 2009, in Petaluma, California. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=December 3, 2009|title=Peter Forakis, Originator of Geometry-Based Sculpture, Dies at 82|url=https://artdaily.cc/news/34722/Peter-Forakis--Originator-of-Geometry-Based-Sculpture--Dies-at-82#.YUQtD54zbuU|accessdate=December 3, 2009|work=artdaily.cc}}</ref> <ref name=":1" /> == Nkuzi == * 1961-65 Brooklyn Museum Art School * 1965 Carnegie Technical School of Architecture and Art * 1966 Mahadum [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]] State * 1967 Cooper Union * 1968-77 Windham College, Putney, Vermont (Onye isi oche, Ngalaba nka) 1972-74 * 1978 School of Visual Arts, New York City * 1980 Mahadum California, Berkeley * 1980-82 Mahadum Kentucky == Ihe na-eme == * 1961 Woodstock, New York * 1962, Bridgehampton, New York * 1962 ''Ergo Suits,'' Carnival na Art ngosi, ya na Allan Kaprow, Woodstock, New York * 1963 Welfare Island, New York == Akwụkwọ akụkọ == * Magazin Grope, 1/1 (January 1964); 2/2 (1966) * ARTnews, Mee 1960; Eprel 1961; Mee 1961; Nọvemba 1961; Septemba 1962; Oge okpomọkụ 1966; Nọvemba 1966; Jenụwarị 1964; Jenụwarị 1969 (mmepụta); Disemba 1970 * David Bourdon, ''E-MC 2,'' * ARTnews, Jenụwarị 1966 * Akwụkwọ akụkọ nka, Septemba 1963; Maachị 1967 (mmepụta); Nọvemba 1967; Nọvemba 1962; Maachị 1964; Disemba 1966 * Edwin Ruda, ''Ebe Park: 1963-1967,'' Magazin Arts, Nọvemba 1967 * Nkà na America, Disemba 1964; Jenụwarị 1970; Mee 1970; Nọvemba 1970; Septemba 1970 * Carter Ratcliff, Art na America, Maachị 1978 * Artforum, Septemba 1970; Eprel 1970; October 1970 (mmeputakwa); Jenụwarị 1978 * Lawrence Alloway, ''Peter Forakis,'' Artforum, Jenụwarị 1968 * Magazin Arts, Mee 1978 * Henderson, Linda "Ichegharị Oghere Ndị Park Place Gallery Group na 1960 New York" Blanton Museum of Art, Mahadum Texas, Austin, 2009 * Humblet, Claudine "La Nouvelle Abstraction Americaine 1950-1970" Skira, 2003 * Di Suvero, Mark, n'iru; Charles Ginnever; Atkinson, D. Scott; Julia Togon ed. Ihe ngosi "The Art of Peter Forakis" Togonon Gallery ngosi October 4-November 8, 2008. * Colpitt, Frances. "Mgbakwunye" ''Art na America'', February 2009 p.&nbsp;61 == Nchịkọta ọha == * Ogige ihe ngosi nke Hirshhorn na ihe ọkpụkpụ, Smithsonian, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC.]] ; * Ụlọ akwụkwọ Dartmouth, [[Hampshire Ohúrú|New Hampshire]] ; * Hartwood Acres Art Center, Allegheny, Pennsylvania ; * Mahadum dị na Buffalo Art Galleries; * Mahadum nke Kentucky Art Museum; * Oakland Museum, Oakland, California ; * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Berkeley, Berkeley, California ; * San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, California ; * Denver Art Museum, Denver, Colorado ; * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana ; * Interland Executive Park, Walnut Creek, California ; * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Stamford na ebe okike, Stamford, Connecticut ; * Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080920004112/http://blantonmuseum.org/works_of_art/exhibitions/park_place/index.cfm Blanton Museum], eweghachiri Septemba 1, 2008. kr4ohs2v44ygv8n3bedbthf3a1142d6 0 48987 628585 537961 2026-04-01T20:32:29Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628585 wikitext text/x-wiki Peter Ganine (October 11, 1900 – Ọgọst 11, 1974) bụ onye na-ese ihe osise Georgian-Russian-American kacha mara amara maka ọrụ ya na ceramik na chess ya. Ganin nsogbu ihe nka na Russia.  Ɔnam afɔ ise dị ka onye na-ere akara na Belgian Kongo tupu ọ bịa na US na 1931, na nkuzi Corcoran Gallery of Art na Washington, DC Ɔ biri na Hollywood na 1932, ebe o bi.  ruo mgbe ọnwụ.  Ọrụ ya bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nka na Los Angeles Times ogologo oge na onye nkatọ Arthur Millier akwụkwọ ọrụ ya.. <ref name="southland">{{Cite news|author=Millier|first=Arthur|date=11 January 1942|title=Two Good Sculptors Show Their Works in Southland|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|page=C6}}</ref> <ref name="artthisweek">{{Cite news|author=Millier|first=Arthur|date=10 December 1944|title=Sanity Society's Exhibits Stress Conventional|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|page=B5}}</ref> <ref name="millier1">{{Cite news|author=Millier|first=Arthur|date=4 April 1948|title=Southlanders Show Works on Spiritual Theme|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|page=C7}}</ref> <ref name="millier2">{{Cite news|author=Millier|first=Arthur|date=16 October 1938|title=Brush Strokes|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|page=C7}}</ref> <ref name="millier3">{{Cite news|author=Millier|first=Arthur|date=16 July 1939|title=San Diego Presents Fine Show of Southland Art|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|page=C7}}</ref> <ref name="millier4">{{Cite news|author=Millier|first=Arthur|date=4 Jan 1942|title=War Fails to Halt Exhibitions of Art|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|page=C7}}</ref> Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye na-ahụ ụgbọ elu n'oge Agha eji nke Abụ[[World War II|ọ]] . <ref name="cityside">{{Cite news|author=Sherman|first=Gene|date=22 May 1957|title=Cityside with Gene Sherman|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|page=2}}</ref> Ihe ndị a kpụrụ akpụ nke Ganine bụ ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ.  O ikike ikike ọtụtụ n'ime ihe anụmanụ ya, bụ́ ndị e ji rịba kpụ aka ma ree ya ọnụ.  Nhazi ya kacha ewu ewu bụ whale, nke ihe nri nri sitere na Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art, na " ɔbɔgwụ na-miwe ike ime ", nke e rere ihe 50,000,000.  Mgbe Ganine nyere ihu mmadụ na chess, o webatara "mgbanwe mbụ nke imewe maka chess sets na ihe ụmụaka otu ncheta afọ." <ref>{{Cite news|author=Hoadley|first=Raymond|date=15 September 1957|title=The Week in Business|work=[[New York Herald Tribune]]|page=A5}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Ganine onye na-eme ihe nkiri Marguerite Churchill na June 5, 1954. [1] [2] O mechara lụọ otu nsogbu aha ya bụ Karin. == Na-arụ ọrụ == * ''Superba Gothic'' chess set (c.1930s) <ref>{{Cite journal|date=29 January 1940|title=Chessmen of Every Age and Nation are among World's Art Masterpieces|pages=48–49}}</ref> * Ọkpụkpụ ''Colt'' (c.1939) <ref name="invaluable">{{Cite web|url=http://www.invaluable.com/auction-lot/peter-ganine-145-c-j57y61jmah|title=Peter Ganine – by Bonhams|work=Invaluable|accessdate=23 May 2014}}</ref> * Ọkpụkpụ ''nwa Centaur'' (c.1940) <ref name="bs1">{{Cite news|date=13 October 1940|title=Brush Strokes|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|page=C8}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=29 October 1940|title=Pictures instead of Wall Paper|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|page=6}}</ref> <ref name="rouault">{{Cite news|date=27 October 1940|title=Here, There, Elsewhere: Rouault Ceramics Allied Posters|work=[[The New York Times]]|page=138}}</ref> * Ọkpụkpụ ''Beer Mug'' (c.1941) <ref name="southland" /> * Ọkpụkpụ ''Rudolph'' nke dachshund (c.1941) <ref name="southland" /> * Ọkpụkpụ ''ehi'' (c.1941) <ref name="southland" /> * Ọkpụkpụ ''nkịta'' (c.1944) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.californiaartclub.org/ebell-1944/|title=Ebell Salon of Art (1944)|work=California Art Club|accessdate=23 May 2014|archivedate=23 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723234353/http://www.californiaartclub.org/ebell-1944/}}</ref> * ''Gịnị mere'' ihe ọkpụkpụ (c.1944) <ref name="artthisweek"/> * ''Ihe mkpuchi ndụ nke ihe ọkpụkpụ Nicholai Fechin'' (1945) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shidoni.com/html/ArtistResults.asp?artist=628|title=Peter Ganine|work=Shidoni|accessdate=23 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092907/http://www.shidoni.com/html/ArtistResults.asp?artist=628|archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref> * Ihe ọkpụkpụ ''nwanyị nwere obi ụtọ'' (c.1947) - ihe nlereanya: Maureen O'Hara <ref>{{Cite news|date=5 April 1947|work=[[Evening Independent|The Evening Independent]]|page=4}}</ref> * Ọkpụkpụ ''Hosanna'' nke ụmụ ukwe (c.1948) <ref name="millier1"/> * ''Omuma'' chess set (1961) - ejiri chess ndị sitere na Classic Chess mee ihe na ''Star Trek'' dịka akụkụ nke chess tri-dimensional <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://danskthenightaway.blogspot.com/2011/10/vintage-chessmen-by-peter-ganine.html|title=Vintage Chessmen by Peter Ganine|date=12 October 2011|work=Dansk the Night Away|accessdate=2 June 2014}}</ref> * ''Ịzụlite ihe ọkpụkpụ Colt'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.invaluable.com/auction-lot/peter-ganine-144-c-3cx893407q|title=Peter Ganine – by Bonhams|work=Invaluable|accessdate=23 May 2014}}</ref> * ''Eserese nke ihe ọkpụkpụ Marguerite Churchill'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.invaluable.com/auction-lot/pierre-peter-ganine-sculpture-1129-c-btjius3mrb|title=Pierre Peter Ganine Sculpture – by Bonhams|work=Invaluable|accessdate=23 May 2014}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi == * 1938 - Ihe ngosi otu na California Art Club <ref name="millier2"/> * 1939 - Ihe ngosi International Gate Golden Gate <ref name="invaluable"/> * 1939 - Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke San Diego <ref name="millier3"/> <ref>{{Cite news|date=26 August 1939|title=San Diego's Invitation Show|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|page=4}}</ref> * 1940 - Ihe ngosi seramiiki mba na Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts, ebe ọ meriri ihe nrite mbụ na ihe ọkpụkpụ seramiiki maka ''Baby Centaur'' <ref name="bs1"/> <ref name="rouault"/> * 1942 - "Onye na-ese ihe nke ọnwa" maka Jenụwarị, ihe ngosi solo na Los Angeles County Museum <ref name="millier4"/> * 1944 - Society for Sanity in Art's group show na Los Angeles County Museum <ref name="artthisweek"/> * 1960 - Ihe ngosi otu na W. & J. Sloane Petite Galerie na Beverly Hills <ref>{{Cite news|author=H.J.S.|date=10 July 1960|title=Kirchner Relieves Season Doldrums|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|page=F7}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Fox|first=Christy|date=6 July 1960|title=Honoring an Ex-President|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|page=A3}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} hz5e99v3ahaf1houb7b91bebxn4lejw 0 49163 628580 174204 2026-04-01T20:20:30Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628580 wikitext text/x-wiki   Percy Gray (October 3, 1869 - Ọktoba 10, 1952) bụ onye na-ese ihe nke America.  Na 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition ọmeri nrite ọla maka agba mmiri ya n'ime Desert, Oregon .  [1] A na-eme ihe osise Gray na mkpokọta na-adịgide nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ngosi mgbe ochie, Monterey Museum of Art. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collections.montereyart.org/artist-maker/info?query=%5BExhibitions%5D_ID%20%3D%20%229%22&sort=26&page=6|title=Henry Percy Gray|work=Monterey Museum of Art|date=|accessdate=2024-02-23}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Grey na October 3, 1869 na San Francisco, nwa nke atọ nke Alexander na Elizabeth Gray si England. Alexander Gray kpọtara ezinụlọ ya na California na 1867. <ref name="edwards">{{Cite book|author=Edwards|first=Robert W.|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217013010/http://tfaoi.com/cm/10cm/10cm110.pdf|title=Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1|date=2012|publisher=East Bay Heritage Project|location=Oakland, California|isbn=9781467545679|pages=396-397|accessdate=2023-08-17}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFEdwards2012">Edwards, Robert W. (2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180217013010/http://tfaoi.com/cm/10cm/10cm110.pdf ''Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1''] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Oakland, California: East Bay Heritage Project. pp.&nbsp;396–397. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781467545679|<bdi>9781467545679</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite>.</ref> Dị ka ihe sitere na ọrịa nwata, Percy egwuregwu na ya nwere nkà na nkà. Site na 1886 ruo 1888 ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na San Francisco School of Design n'okpuru Emil Carlsen, Virgil Williams, Thomas Hill, Oscar Kunath, na mgbe e eke n'okpuru William Merritt Chase na New York. Ọ bụ ebe na nwere ụfọdụ ụfọdụ Impressionistic oge mbụ, usoro ya bụ isi maka nhazi na agba sitere na Akwụkwọ Akwụkwọ Barbizon na Tonalism, nke e mesiri ike na Akwụkwọ nke Imepụta. A mara ya nke ọma maka ịlụ ihunanya ya na nke mara mma nke mpaghara ugwu California. <ref name="halteman">{{Cite book|author=Halteman|first=Ellen|title=Publications on California Art, No.7; I-II Exhibitions Records of the San Francisco Art Association and Mechanics' Institute|date=2000|publisher=Dustin Publications|location=Los Angeles, Calif.|pages=I.37–39, 169; II.79}}.</ref> <ref name="edwards" /> == Ọrụ == [[Usòrò:Along_the_Monterey_Coastline.jpg|thumb| ''N'akụkụ Monterey Coastline'' (1928), watercolor nke Percy Grey]] he ngosi izizi ya edeputara bụ na 1888 Mechanics' Institute Fair ebe o Echiche nke njikọ Ụzọ Ámá Ọlaedo .  [1] Site n'ebe ahụ ọ gara n'ihu tọrọ onye na-enyere aka na onye na-ere akara na onye na-ese ihe ngwa maka oku ụtụtụ San Francisco tupu ya enweta ọrụ na New York Journal .  [2] Na New York ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Art Students League .                      Sym ama jijiji San Francisco na 1906, mana o ike na obodo ya ebe ọ ga-amalite ọrụ ya. === Onye na-ese ihe na San Francisco === E mpempe akwụkwọ mbụ nke Grey, isi oke osimiri, na 1907 na Sketch Club.  [1] Grey “ ụzọ wee bụrụ onye ama ama” site na ụzọ o mere maka ikpe igbu ọchụ nke Henry K. Thaw bụ nke ewe esi na- akpali akpali n'akwụkwọ-Hearst niile.  [2] Site na 1907 ruo 1914 ọrụ ọrụ na San Francisco Art Association bụ isi ihe nkiri Berkeley na Alameda oaks, marshes, eucalyptus groves, seacapes, na ubi ubi California.  [3] ndepụta a ga-abụ mbịnye aka nke ọrụ ya.  Na mbụ ọrụ Gray bụ isiokwu;  Otú ọ dị, o gosiri ihe nfụkasị ahụ na agba àmà, ma ike iji agba mmiri dị ka ihe mbụ ya.  [4] Saịtị na Sabon, emịn ndị nkatọ ahụ anya n'ikike o nwere inye mama nke okike n'ezie na echere omimi na uri.  O doro anya na ọ na-etinye akwụkwọ nke onye ya William Merritt Chase n'ịhazi ìhè na agba.  Otu onye nkatọ, na-egosi iji ihe eji eme ihe na usoro mmiri nke Grey, kwuru na "ụcha mmirika ndị na-adaba na oge Gray dịtụ Tonalist, na-amalite mgbe ọ la nwud na West Coast na 1906, na-egosi ọkwa dị  mma site na brush na ịsacha," na-ehota ya.  1909 "Osisi dị n'ugwu ugwu," nke "nwere ike mmiri mmiri maka igbu ya." <ref>{{Cite book|author=Carmel Art Association|title=The Legacy of Percy Gray|date=1999|publisher=Carmel Art Association|location=Carmel, California|isbn=1-885666-09-8|pages=154-155}}</ref> Na 1909 ọ kwagara ebe obibi ya na Alameda, California, Gafe n'ọnụ mmiri ruo Burlingame, California, nke dị ihe dị ka kilomita iri abụọ na ndịda San Francisco, ebe ọ na-edebe ụlọ ihe nkiri.  Ya na nne ya di iku na ike ya bi.  [1] Ruo ihe ncheta afọ iri a anọ, o sere n'iche ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ụlọ azụmahịa azụmahịa, ụfọdụ n'ime ha akpọ: Schussler Brothers Gallery of San Francisco (1909-1921);  Ndị ọrụ Rabjohn & Morcom nke Oakland na San Francisco (1911-1920);  Ndị ihe nkiri nkiri Courvoisier nke San Francisco (1911, 1931);  Ndị eze ihe ngosi nka nke Del Monte nke Monterey (1907-1912, 1930);  California Society of Etchers, San Francisco (1914);  de Young Museum of San Francisco (1915-1916, 1925);  Obí nke Ɔma Arts na San Francisco (1916);  oriri oriri na mmeri St. Francis na San Francisco (1918, 1922);  Mahadum Stanford, Palo Alto (1918, 1921);  akwụkwọ obibi akwụkwọ nke San Francisco (1920-1921);  Bohemian Club nke San Francisco (1920-1949);  Ndị Eze ihe ngosi Gump nke San Francisco na Hawaii (1925-1926);  Ndị nkiri ihe nkiri ili nke San Francisco (1938-1939. <ref name="edwards">{{Cite book|author=Edwards|first=Robert W.|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217013010/http://tfaoi.com/cm/10cm/10cm110.pdf|title=Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1|date=2012|publisher=East Bay Heritage Project|location=Oakland, California|isbn=9781467545679|pages=396-397|accessdate=2023-08-17}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFEdwards2012">Edwards, Robert W. (2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180217013010/http://tfaoi.com/cm/10cm/10cm110.pdf ''Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1''] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Oakland, California: East Bay Heritage Project. pp.&nbsp;396–397. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781467545679|<bdi>9781467545679</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite>.</ref> Na 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition ọmeri nrite ọla maka agba mmiri ya n'ime Desert, Oregon .  [1] Na 1940, e nyere ya ihe nrite na Golden Gate International Exposition.  [2] Ọ gara na njem California, njem njem na Pacific Northwest na Arizona. === Mgbe afọ gachara === <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107735899/sherman-rose/|title=Reconstruction Of Famous Rose House Started|work=The Oakland Tribune|date=8 July 1923|page=57|accessdate=2022-08-16}}</ref>N'ịbụ onye na-agụghị akwụkwọ maka afọ 53, Gray faịlụ enyi ya n'anya site n'ịlụ.  Ya na-enye ya, Leone Phelps, kwagara Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1923 na mgbe e eke n'afọ ahụ, ha hụrụ Sherman Rose House na mbara ala nke Larkin Adobe dị nso na  Monterey, California, bụ ebe mmiri ozuzo.  na cypress na-achịkwa ọrụ ya n'ikpeazụ. Grey na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mpaghara nka nke Kamel, na-anọkarị ọtụtụ ọnwa n'otu oge, na- na-anọkwa ya na Carmel Arts and Crafts Club (1913, 1923) na Carmel Art Association (1927-1928, 1932-1943).  .  [1] Na 1939 ndị Grays rere adobe ha ma kwaga San Francisco.  N'ịbụ ndị na-ezu ike maka map, Grey na na-enye biri na San Anselmo, California, na ala nke Ugwu Tamalpais na 1941. Ọ ntọala onye ntọala nke Conservative Society for Sanity in Art (emesịa de aha Society of Western Artists)  , ebe o site site na 1939 ruo 1947 wee nweta ọtụtụ onya.  [2] [3] Mgbe afọ iri na Marin County, California, gosiri ọnwụ wee pụọ San Francisco. == Ọnwụ == Grey nwụrụ na October 10, 1952, site na nkụchi obi na San Francisco. <ref name="edwards">{{Cite book|author=Edwards|first=Robert W.|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217013010/http://tfaoi.com/cm/10cm/10cm110.pdf|title=Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1|date=2012|publisher=East Bay Heritage Project|location=Oakland, California|isbn=9781467545679|pages=396-397|accessdate=2023-08-17}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFEdwards2012">Edwards, Robert W. (2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180217013010/http://tfaoi.com/cm/10cm/10cm110.pdf ''Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1''] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Oakland, California: East Bay Heritage Project. pp.&nbsp;396–397. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781467545679|<bdi>9781467545679</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite>.</ref> == Ihe nketa == N'afọ 1970, California Historical Society of San Francisco haziri ihe ngosi nlegharị anya dị ihe ama nke oeuvre nka Gray.  Ngosipụta a sara mbara ihe ihe dị ka otu mfe na iri ise nke ọrụ ya.  Thomas Albright, onye nkatọ nka maka ihe mere eme, nyere nleba anya n'eziokwu nke Gray na-Ị anya ya.  E agba mmiri Gray na ihe ngosi nka California emere na Oakland Art Museum, ma na July 1962 na ọzọ na July 1970. Ndị otu Carmel Art Association (CAA) kwadokwara ihe ngwere solo raara onwe ya nye na-egosi eserese ya na ihe ọrụ  ụzọ ya na 1998. N'ụzọ na- akpali egwuregwu, n'agbanyeghị iwu dị egwu na መሳki nka n'ime akara, Okirikiri Gray gara n'ihu na-anụ ụtọ ewu ewu zuru ebe niile ruo afọ 21st.. <ref name="edwards">{{Cite book|author=Edwards|first=Robert W.|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217013010/http://tfaoi.com/cm/10cm/10cm110.pdf|title=Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1|date=2012|publisher=East Bay Heritage Project|location=Oakland, California|isbn=9781467545679|pages=396-397|accessdate=2023-08-17}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFEdwards2012">Edwards, Robert W. (2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180217013010/http://tfaoi.com/cm/10cm/10cm110.pdf ''Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1''] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Oakland, California: East Bay Heritage Project. pp.&nbsp;396–397. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781467545679|<bdi>9781467545679</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite>.</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.askart.com/artist/Percy_Henry_Percy_Gray/16995/Percy_Henry_Percy_Gray.aspx jụọ Artist Biography] {{Commons category}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] nq4b6r8879yew2afvl6cll763yitqwh 0 49913 628553 179693 2026-04-01T14:25:23Z Geraldine Kene 23189 Fixed reference error 628553 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden_New_York_May_2015_010.jpg|alt=see caption|thumb|Akụkụ nke Brooklyn Botanic Garden nke nwere osisi cherry <nowiki><i id="mwDA">Prunus</i></nowiki> 'Kanzan' na-acha pinki pinki]] Ogige bụ oghere a na-eme atụmatụ, na-abụkarị n'èzí, nke e debere maka ịkụ ihe, ngosi, na ịnụ ụtọ osisi na ụdị okike ndị ọzọ. Otu njirimara na-achọpụta ọbụna ubi ọhịa ọhịa bụ njikwa. Ogige ahụ nwere ike itinye ma ihe okike na ihe arụrụ arụ. Ogige ntụrụndụ na-enwekarị atụmatụ imewe gụnyere ihe oyiyi, follies, pergolas, trellises, stumperies, ala mmiri kpọrọ nkụ, na ihe ndị dị ka isi iyi, ọdọ mmiri (nke nwere ma ọ bụ na-enweghị azụ), nsụda mmiri ma ọ bụ iyi. Ogige ụfọdụ bụ maka ebumnuche ịchọ mma naanị, ebe ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe oriri, mgbe ụfọdụ n'ebe dị iche iche, ma ọ bụ mgbe ụfọdụ na-agwakọta ya na osisi ịchọ mma. A na-ekewa ubi ndị na-emepụta nri na ugbo site na obere nha ha, usoro ọrụ siri ike, na ebumnuche ha (nwere obi ụtọ maka ihe ntụrụndụ ma ọ bụ nkwado onwe onye karịa ịmepụta maka ire ere, dịka n'ogige ahịa). Ogige okooko osisi na-ejikọta osisi dị iche iche n'ịdị elu, ụcha, ọdịdị, na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ iji mepụta mmasị na obi ụtọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Anguelovski|first=Isabelle|title=Urban gardening|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311871937}}</ref> Ụdị a na-ahụkarị taa bụ ebe obibi ma ọ bụ ogige ọha na eze, mana okwu ogige ahụ abụwo nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe. A na-akpọbu Ogige ntụrụndụ, nke na-egosi Anụ ọhịa n'ebe obibi ndị e chepụtara echepụta, ogige ntorobịa.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Turner|first=Tom|title=Garden History: Philosophy and Design 2000 BC – 2000 AD|date=1 September 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-37082-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pZ_AgAAQBAJ|accessdate=8 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="Klindienst">{{Cite book|author=Klindienst|first=Patricia|title=The Earth Knows My Name: Food, Culture, and Sustainability in the Gardens of Ethnic Americans|year=2006|publisher=Beacon Press|isbn=978-0-8070-8562-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YNaEY6HBKHMC|accessdate=2021-12-08}}</ref> ''ogige'' ọdịda anyanwụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dabere na osisi, na ogige, nke na-egosi ogige, na-egosipụtakarị ụdị ogige botanical dị mkpirikpi. Ụfọdụ ụdị ọdịnala nke ogige ndị dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, dị ka Ogige Zen, na-eji osisi eme ihe nke nta ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. Ogige ntụrụndụ, n'aka nke ọzọ, dị ka ogige ntụrụntụ England nke mbụ mepụtara na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, nwere ike ịhapụ okooko osisi kpamkpam. Ihe owuwu ala bụ ọrụ ọkachamara metụtara ya yana ndị na-ese ihe n'ọdịdị ala na-achọ itinye aka na imewe n'ọtụtụ akpịrịkpa ma na-arụ ọrụ ma ọha na nke onwe..<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Creating relevant science through urban planning and gardening|year=2001|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/tea.1036|doi=10.1002/tea.1036|author=Fusco|first=Dana|journal=Journal of Research in Science Teaching|volume=38|issue=8|pages=860–877}}</ref> == Okwu mmalite == Ihe odide nke okwu ugbo na-ezo aka na ogige: o sitere na Middle English gardin, sitere na Anglo-French gardin, jardin, nke German; dị ka Old High German gard, gart, ogige ma ọ bụ ogige, dị ka ọ dị na Stuttgart. Lee Grad (mmezi Slavic) maka nkọwapụta zuru oke.[1] Okwu ndị a yard, court, na Latin hortus (nke pụtara "ubi", ya mere ubi ubi na ubi mkpụrụ osisi), bụ cognates-ha niile na-ezo aka n'obere oghere.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yourdictionary.com/library/garden.html|title=Etymology of words referring to enclosures, probably from a Sanskrit stem. In German, for example, Stutt'''gart'''. The word is generic for compounds and walled cities, as in Stalin'''grad''', and the Russian word for city, ''gorod''. Gird and girdle are also related|publisher=Yourdictionary.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213101107/http://www.yourdictionary.com/library/garden.html|archivedate=2010-02-13}}</ref> Okwu ahụ bụ "ogige" na British English na-ezo aka na obere ala gbara ogige, nke na-ejikarị ụlọ eme ihe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/garden?view=uk|title=Oxford Dictionaries|work=Oxford Dictionaries|accessdate=2007-05-24|archivedate=2007-09-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929105345/http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/garden?view=uk}}</ref> A ga-akpọ nke a yard na American English.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Schur|first=Norman|title=British English from A to Zed: A Definitive Guide to the Queen's English|date=1987|publisher=[[Skyhorse Publishing|Skyhorse]]|isbn=9781620875773}}</ref> == Ojiji == [[Usòrò:'JardimBotanico.BotanicalGarden.CuritibaParanaBrasilBrazil.JPG|thumb|Nlegharị anya site na Botanical Garden nke Curitiba (Southern Brazil): parterres, [[Ìfulū|okooko osisi]], isi iyi, Ihe a tụrụ atụ, greenhouses na ụzọ mejupụtara ebe a na-eji maka ntụrụndụ na ịmụ ma chebe osisi.]] Ogige nwere ike ịnwe ihe mara mma, ọrụ, na ntụrụndụ: * Imekọ ihe ọnụ na okike ** [[Oru ugbo|Ịkọ osisi]] ** Mmụta dabeere n'ubi * Nnyocha nke okike ** Ịhụ Nnụnụ na ụmụ ahụhụ ** Ntụgharị uche n'oge mgbanwe * Ịdị jụụ ** Ịtọ ụdị dị iche iche nke gnomes n'ubiGnomes nke ubi ** Nri abalị ezinụlọ n'elu ụlọ ** Ụmụaka na-egwuri egwu n'ubi ** Ịgụ ihe na izu ike n'ime hammock ** Idebe ihe ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ ** Ịkụ ite n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihewụnye ** Ịgbagharị n'ìhè anyanwụ na-ekpo ọkụ ** Ịgbapụ ìhè anyanwụ na okpomọkụ na-egbu egbu * Ịzụlite ihe bara uru ** Okooko osisi ị ga-ebi ma weta n'ime ụlọ maka ịma mma ime ụlọ ** Ahịhịa na akwụkwọ nri maka isi nri == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Eshia === ==== China ==== [[Usòrò:Humble_Administrator's_Garden_7193_(6399187813).jpg|thumb|Nhazi nke ogige ndị China nke e tinyere n'ime ala, gụnyere pavilion]] Ogige ndị China izizi edekọ ka emebere na ndagwurugwu nke Osimiri Yellow, n'oge usoro ndị eze Shang (1600–1046 BC). Ogige ndị a bụ nnukwu ogige ntụrụndụ gbachiri emechi ebe ndị eze na ndị a ma ama na-achụ nta anụ, ma ọ bụ ebe a na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri. Ihe odide ndị mbụ sitere n'oge a, ndị a kpụrụ n'elu shei mbe, nwere mkpụrụedemede China atọ maka ubi, gị, pu na yuan. Ị bụ ubi eze ebe a na-edebe nnụnụ na anụmanụ, ebe pu bụ ubi maka ihe ọkụkụ. N'oge usoro ndị eze Qin (221–206 BC), yuan ghọrọ agwa maka ubi niile.[1] Omume ochie maka yuan bụ obere foto nke ubi; a na-agbanye ya n'okirikiri nke nwere ike ịnọchite anya mgbidi, ma nwee akara ndị nwere ike ịnọchite anya atụmatụ nke ihe owuwu, obere square nke nwere ike ịnọchite anya ọdọ mmiri, na akara maka ihe ọkụkụ ma ọ bụ osisi pọmigranet..<ref>Tong Jun, Records of Jiang Gardens, cited in Feng Chanoxiong, ''The Classical Gardens of Suzhou''.</ref> Ogige eze a ma ama nke usoro ndị eze Shang bụ Terrace, Pond na Park of the Spirit (''Lingtai, Lingzhao Lingyou'') nke Eze Wenwang wuru n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke isi obodo ya, Yin. A kọwara ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ na Classic of Poetry n'ụzọ a: : Eze na-agagharị na Ogige Mmụọ, : Anụ ọhịa na-egbu ikpere n'ala n'elu ahịhịa, na-enye ụmụ ha nri. : Mgbada mara mma ma na-egbuke egbuke. : Cranes ndị na-enweghị ntụpọ nwere ábụ́bà na-acha ọcha na-egbuke egbuke. : Eze na-agagharị na Pond of the Spirit, : Mmiri ahụ jupụtara na azụ, ndị na-agbagharị.<ref>Translation in ''Jardins de Chine, ou la quête du paradis'', cited in Che Bing Chiu, ''Jardins de Chine, ou la quete du paradis'', p. 11.</ref> Ogige eze ọzọ nke mbụ bụ Shaqui, ma ọ bụ dunes nke ájá, nke onye ọchịchị Shang ikpeazụ, Eze Zhou wuru (1075–1046 BC). Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ terrace ụwa, ma ọ bụ tai, bụ́ nke jere ozi dị ka ebe a na-ekiri ihe n'etiti otu nnukwu ogige ntụrụndụ. A kọwara ya n'otu n'ime oge ochie nke akwụkwọ ndị China, Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji).[1] Dị ka Shiji si kwuo, otu n'ime ihe ndị ama ama nke ubi a bụ ọdọ mmiri mmanya na anụ ọhịa (酒池肉林). Ewubere otu nnukwu ọdọ mmiri, nke ga-ezuru ọtụtụ obere ụgbọ mmiri, n'ala obí eze, nke e jikwa nkume oval a chara acha awara awara awara awara dị n'ime ya, site n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ wee jupụta na mmanya. Ewubere otu obere agwaetiti n’etiti ọdọ mmiri ahụ, bụ́ ebe a na-akụ osisi, bụ́ nke nwere skewer nke anụ a ṅara n’ọkụ nke kokwasịrị n’alaka ha. Eze Zhou na ndị enyi ya na ndị iko ya bufere n'ụgbọ mmiri ha, na-aṅụ mmanya na aka ha ma na-eri anụ a ṅara n'ọkụ nke osisi. Ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma na ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke China mesịrị kpọtụrụ ogige a dị ka ihe atụ nke nrụrụ aka na uto ọjọọ..<ref>Che Bing Chiu, ''Jardins de Chine, ou la quete du paradis'', p. 11.</ref> N'Oge opupu ihe ubi na oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ (722-481 BC), na 535 BC, Eze Jing nke usoro Zhou wuru Terrace nke Shanghua, nke nwere obí eze mara mma. N'afọ 505 BC, a malitere ogige mara mma, Terrace of Gusu. Ọ dị n'akụkụ ugwu, ma gụnye usoro terraces jikọtara site na gallery, yana ọdọ mmiri ebe ụgbọ mmiri n'ụdị dragọn na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-agagharị. Site n'elu ugwu kachasị elu, a na-ahụ anya ruo Lake Tai, Great Lake.<ref>Che Bing Chiu, ''Jardins de Chine'', p. 12</ref> ==== India ==== ''Manasollasa'' bụ ihe odide Sanskrit nke narị afọ nke iri na abụọ nke na-enye nkọwa gbasara imepụta ubi na isiokwu ndị ọzọ dịgasị iche iche.<ref name="sadhalenenebim">Nalini Sadhale and YL Nene (2010), Bhudharakrida in Manasollasa, ''Asian Agri-History'', Vol. 14, No. 4, pages 319–335</ref> A na-akọwa ma ogige ntụrụndụ ọha na eze na ogige ọhịa, na ihe dị ka ụdị osisi 40 a tụrụ aro maka ogige ntorobịa ahụ na isi ''Vana-krida''. <ref name="sadhalenenebim" /> [17] ''Shilparatna'', ihe odide sitere na narị afọ nke iri na isii, na-ekwu na ogige okooko osisi ma ọ bụ ogige ntụrụndụ ọha kwesịrị ịdị n'akụkụ ugwu nke obodo.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Singh|first=Ram Bachan|title=Cities and parks in ancient India|journal=Ekistics|volume=42|issue=253|pages=372–376|year=1976}}</ref> ==== Japan ==== [[Usòrò:Saihouji-kokedera01.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ogige moss na ụlọ nsọ Saihō-ji na [[Kyoto]], malitere na 1339.]] Ogige ndị Japan mbụ e dekọrọ bụ ogige ntụrụndụ nke ndị eze ukwu na ndị a ma ama. A kpọtụrụ ha aha n'ọtụtụ akụkụ dị mkpirikpi nke Nihon Shoki, akụkọ ihe mere eme mbụ nke akụkọ ihe mere mere eme nke Japan, nke e bipụtara na 720 OA. N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 74 OA, akụkọ ahụ dere, sị: "Emperor Keikō tinyere carp ole na ole n'ime ọdọ mmiri, wee nwee obi ụtọ ịhụ ha n'ụtụtụ na mgbede". N'afọ sochirinụ, "Emperor tụbara ụgbọ mmiri nwere okpukpu abụọ n'ọdọ mmiri Ijishi na Ihare, wee soro iko nwanyị eze ukwu ya banye n'ụgbọ mmiri, ha wee soro ya mee oriri". N'afọ 486, akụkọ ihe mere eme dere na "Emperor Kenzō banyere n'ogige ahụ wee mee oriri n'akụkụ iyi na-agba gburugburu".<ref>Nitschke, ''Le Jardin Japonais'', p. 30.</ref> ==== Korea ==== Ogige ndị [[Korea]] bụ ụdị ogige a kọwara dị ka nke okike, nke a na-ejighị n'aka, nke dị mfe na nke a na'amanyeghị, na-achọ ijikọta ya na ụwa okike.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_zoOAAAAQAAJ&dq=Korean+garden&pg=PA144|title=Korea: An Introduction - Google Book Search|accessdate=2009-01-12|isbn=9780710302991|author=Hoare|first=James|date=January 1988|publisher=Kegan Paul International}}</ref> Ha nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke laghachiri azụ karịa puku afọ abụọ, mana a maghị ha nke ọma n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eng.buddhapia.com/_Service/_ContentView/ETC_CONTENT_2.ASP?pk=0000593886&sub_pk=&clss_cd=0002202991&top_menu_cd=0000000329&Menu_code=0000008706&sub_menu=|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2011-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928232957/http://eng.buddhapia.com/_Service/_ContentView/ETC_CONTENT_2.ASP?pk=0000593886&sub_pk=&clss_cd=0002202991&top_menu_cd=0000000329&Menu_code=0000008706&sub_menu=|archivedate=2011-09-28}}</ref> Ihe ndekọ kachasị ochie sitere n'oge Alaeze Atọ (57 BC - 668 AD) mgbe ihe owuwu na ogige obí eze gosipụtara mmepe a kpọtụrụ aha na ''Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Alaeze Atọ'' nke Korea. === Europe === [[Usòrò:Ricostruzione_del_giardino_della_casa_dei_vetii_di_pompei_(mostra_al_giardino_di_boboli,_2007)_01.JPG|thumb|Nrụzigharị ogige ahụ n'ụlọ Vettii na Pompeii.]] Aghọtaghị ịkọ ugbo dị ka ụdị nka na Europe ruo n'etiti narị afọ nke 16 mgbe ọ banyere n'okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, dị ka akara nke echiche nke "ezigbo mba". Na-akpalite ihe onyonyo nke ubi Iden, oge njupụta na ụbara ebe ụmụ mmadụ na-amataghị agụụ ma ọ bụ esemokwu sitere na esemokwu ihe onwunwe. John Evelyn dere na mmalite narị afọ nke 17, sị: "Ọ dịghị ndụ na-adọgbu onwe ya n'ọrụ mgbe ahụ bụ nke ezigbo ndị Gard'ners; kama ọrụ jupụtara n'ịdị jụụ na afọ ojuju; Natural na Nkuzi, na dị ka (ọ bụrụ na ọ bụla) na-enye aka na nsọpụrụ Chineke. na Ntụgharị uche."[1] N'oge oge nke Enclosures, agrarian mkpokọta nke afọ feudal bụ ezigbo mma na akwụkwọ edemede "echiche efu nke ịtọhapụ nlọghachi na ubi na ọzara..<ref>Samson, Alexander. ''Locus Amoenus: Gardens and Horticulture in the Renaissance'', 2012 :8</ref> ==== France ==== Mgbe ọ gachara njem ya na Ịtali na 1495, ebe ọ hụrụ ogige na ụlọ elu nke Naples, Eze Charles nke Asatọ kpọtara ndị ọrụ aka na ndị na-emepụta ogige ndị Ịtali, dị ka Pacello da Mercogliano, site na Naples wee nye iwu ka e wuo ogige ndị Itali n'ụlọ ya na Château d'Amboise na Châtea Gaillard, ebe obibi ọzọ dị na Amboise. Onye nọchiri ya bụ Henry nke Abụọ, onye gakwara Ịtali ma zute Leonardo da Vinci, mepụtara ogige ndị Ịtali dị nso na Chateau de Blois . <ref>Wenzler, Architecture du jardin, pg. 12</ref> Malite na 1528, Eze Francis nke Mbụ mepụtara ogige ọhụrụ na Château de Fontainebleau, nke gosipụtara isi iyi, parterres, oké ọhịa nke osisi pine si Provence weta, na ọgba aka mbụ na France.<ref>Philippe Prevot, ''Histoire des jardins'', pg. 107</ref> Château de Chenonceau nwere ogige abụọ n'ụdị ọhụrụ, otu e kere maka Diane nke Poitiers na 1551, na nke abụọ maka Catherine de 'Medici na 1560. <ref>Prevot, ''Histoire des Jardins'', 114</ref> N'afọ 1536, onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ Philibert de l'Orme, mgbe o si na Rom lọta, mepụtara ogige nke Château d'Anet na-agbaso iwu ndị Ịtali. Nkwekọrịta a kwadebere nke ọma nke Anet, ya na parterres ya na elu mmiri jikọtara ya na ngalaba ahịhịa ndụ, ghọrọ otu n'ime ihe atụ kachasị mbụ na nke kachasị emetụta ogige French.<ref name="jeannel">Bernard Jeannel, ''[[Le Nôtre]]'', Éd. Hazan, p. 17</ref> The French formal garden ({{lang-fr|jardin à la française}}) contrasted with the design principles of the English landscape garden ({{lang-fr|jardin à l'anglaise}}) namely, to "force nature" instead of leaving it undisturbed.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Weiss|first=Allan|title=Mirrors of Infinity: The French Formal Garden and 17th-Century Metaphysics|date=1995|publisher=Princeton Architectural Press|isbn=9781568980508}}</ref> Typical French formal gardens had "parterres, geometrical shapes and neatly clipped topiary", in contrast to the English style of garden in which "plants and shrubs seem to grow naturally without artifice."<ref>{{Cite book|author=Scurr|first=Ruth|title=Napoleon: A Life in Gardens and Shadows|date=2022|publisher=Vintage}}</ref> By the mid-17th century axial symmetry had ascended to prominence in the French gardening traditions of Andre Mollet and Jacques Boyceau, from which the latter wrote: "All things, however beautiful they may be chosen, will be defective if they are not ordered and placed in proper symmetry."<ref name="hayes">{{Cite book|author=Hayes|first=Gordon|title=Landscape and Garden Design: Lessons from History|date=2013|publisher=Whittle|isbn=978-1849950824|pages=1–3}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHayes2013">Hayes, Gordon (2013). ''Landscape and Garden Design: Lessons from History''. Whittle. pp.&nbsp;1–3. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1849950824|<bdi>978-1849950824</bdi>]].</cite></ref> A good example of the French formal style are the Tuileries gardens in Paris which were originally designed during the reign of King Henry II in the mid-sixteenth century. The gardens were redesigned into the formal French style for the Sun King Louis XIV. The gardens were ordered into symmetrical lines: long rows of elm or chestnut trees, clipped hedgerows, along with parterres, "reflect[ing] the orderly triumph of man's will over nature."<ref>{{Cite book|author=Scurr|first=Ruth|title=Napoleon: A Life in Gardens and Shadows|date=2022|publisher=Vintage}}</ref> Ogige ala French nwere mmetụta nke ogige ala England ma bụrụ nke a ma ama na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na asatọ. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Calder|first=Martin|title=Experiencing the Garden in the Eighteenth Century|date=2006|publisher=Lang|isbn=9783039102914}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Weiss|first=Allan|title=Mirrors of Infinity: The French Formal Garden and 17th-Century Metaphysics|date=1995|publisher=Princeton Architectural Press|isbn=9781568980508}}</ref> ==== United Kingdom ==== Tupu oge Grand Manner, a chọtara ogige ntụrụndụ ole na ole dị mkpa na Britain nke e mepụtara n'okpuru mmetụta nke kọntinent ahụ. Omenala ubi nke ụlọ Britain na-abụkarị nke bara uru na ebumnuche, kama ịma mma, n'adịghị ka nnukwu ogige ndị a na-ahụkarị na ala ụlọ elu, na nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe na mahadum. Tudor Gardens mesiri ike ọdịiche karịa mgbanwe, nke a na-ekewa site na agba na nrọ efu. Ebumnuche ha abụghị ka ha bụrụ ihe na-akwado ụlọ ma ọ bụ ihe owuwu, kama e chepụtara ha dị ka oghere kwụụrụ onwe ya, nke a haziri ka ha too ma gosipụta okooko osisi na osisi ịchọ mma. Ndị na-elekọta ubi gosipụtara nka ha n'ogige ntutu, na nhazi dị mgbagwoju anya nke na-agụnyekarị mgbidi igbe, na ahịhịa na-esi ísì ụtọ dị ka rosemary. Ụzọ ájá na-aga n'etiti ihe mgbochi nke eriri ndị mepere emepe ebe eriri ndị mechiri emepe jupụtara na otu okooko osisi. A na-etinye ogige ntụrụndụ na ogige ntụgharị mgbe niile n'Ala dị larịị, na ebe dị elu maka ala ebe a ga-ahụ mgbagwoju anya nke ogige ntụziaka.<ref name="hayes" /> Henry Wotton kọwara ogige ndị Jacobean dị ka "mgbagwoju anya dị ụtọ" n'afọ 1624. N'okpuru mmetụta nke Renaissance nke Ịtali, ogige Caroline malitere ịhapụ ụfọdụ ọgba aghara nke atụmatụ ndị gara aga, na-egosi mmalite nke usoro na-aga n'ihu nke na-ewere ụlọ ahụ n'uche, ma gosipụta ala dị elu nke a ga-ahụ ụlọ na ogige. Nanị ogige Caroline dị ndụ dị na Bolsover Castle na Derbyshire, mana ọ dị mfe ịdọta mmasị dị ukwuu. N'oge ọchịchị Charles nke Abụọ, e wuru ọtụtụ ụlọ ọhụrụ nke Baroque; ebe ọ nọ n'England Oliver Cromwell chọrọ ibibi ọtụtụ ogige Tudor, Jacobean na Caroline.<ref name="hayes" /> == Nhazi == Nhazi ubi bụ usoro nke ịmepụta atụmatụ maka nhazi na ịkụ ubi na ala mara mma. Ndị nwe ubi n'onwe ha, ma ọ bụ ndị ọkachamara nwere ike ịmepụta ogige. A na-azụkarị ndị ọkachamara na-emepụta ubi na ụkpụrụ nke imewe na ịkọ ugbo, ma nwee ihe ọmụma na ahụmịhe nke iji osisi. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara na-emepụta ubi bụkwa ndị na-ese ihe n'ala, ọkwa ọzụzụ nke na-achọkarị ogo dị elu na mgbe mgbe ikike ọrụ. Akụkụ nke imewe ubi gụnyere nhazi nke ala siri ike, dị ka ụzọ, nkume, mgbidi, ihe ndị dị na mmiri, ebe a na-anọdụ ala na oche, yana osisi n'onwe ha, na-atụle ihe ha chọrọ n'ubi, ọdịdị ha site n'oge ruo n'oge, ndụ ha, omume uto, nha, ọsọ nke uto, na njikọta ya na osisi ndị ọzọ na ihe ndị dị n'ala. Ọtụtụ ogige nwere ngwakọta nke ihe okike na ihe e wuru ewu, ọ bụ ezie na ọbụna ogige 'okike' bụ ihe okike aka mere mgbe niile. Ihe okike dị n'ogige na-agụnye osisi (dị ka osisi na ahịhịa), anụmanụ (dị ka [[Arthropod|arthropods]] na nnụnụ), ala, mmiri, ikuku na ìhè. Ihe ndị e wuru na-agụnye ọ bụghị naanị ụzọ, patios, oche, ihe a tụrụ atụ, usoro mmiri, ọkụ na ụlọ (dị ka ụlọ nkwakọba ihe, gazebos, pergolas na follies), kamakwa ihe owuwu dị ndụ dị ka àkwà okooko osisi, ọdọ mmiri na ahịhịa. A na-eburu n'uche mkpa nlekọta ubi. Gụnyere oge ma ọ bụ ego dị maka mmezi mgbe niile, (nke a nwere ike imetụta nhọrọ nke osisi gbasara ọsọ nke uto) ịgbasa ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ nke osisi (nke kwa afọ ma ọ bụ nke na-adịgide adịgide), oge okooko osisi, na ọtụtụ njirimara ndị ọzọ. Enwere ike ịkewapụta ogige n'ìgwè abụọ, ogige ntụrụndụ na ogige ntụgharị. Ihe kachasị mkpa a ga-atụle n'ime ogige ọ bụla bụ otu a ga-esi jiri ogige ahụ mee ihe, ụdị ejiji a chọrọ, na ụzọ ogige ahụ ga-esi jikọọ n'ụlọ ma ọ bụ ihe owuwu ndị ọzọ dị na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu. Ihe ndị a niile na-adabere na mmefu ego. Enwere ike idozi mmefu ego site na ụdị ubi dị mfe nke nwere obere osisi na ihe ndị siri ike, mkpụrụ karịa ahịhịa maka ahịhịhịa, na osisi ndị na-eto ngwa ngwa; n'aka nke ọzọ, ndị nwe ubi nwere ike ịhọrọ ịmepụta ubi ha n'oge, mpaghara site na mpaghara.[34]   == Ụdị == {| class="wikitable" |+ ! !Ụdị ubi |- |'''Ihe ọkụkụ ma ọ bụ nzube a kapịrị ọnụ''' |Ogige Alpine, Ogige ahịhịa, Ogige cactus, fernery, ogige okooko osisi, Ogige moss, ogige mkpụrụ osisi, oghere anụ ahụ (onye bu ụzọ n'ogige botanical), ogige pollinator, ogige rose, ogige mmiri, Ogige anụ ọhịa (iji kwado anụ ọhịa), ogige botanilic, ogige ahịa (obere mmepụta nke ihe ọkụkụ ego), ogige mmeri (n'oge a zụlitere iji gbakwunye nri), ogige hydroponic Ogige mmiri ozuzo (nwale mmiri ozuzo). |- |'''Ụdị ejiji ma ọ bụ ịma mma''' |Bonsai, Ogige Mary mma (ogige mara mma ma ọ bụ ogige mara amara), Ogige Dutch, ogige ntụrụndụ (ogige ntụrụntụ zoro ezo nke nwere mmetụta "dị ka ụlọ"), Ogige ndị Germany, Ogige ndị Gris, ogige nkwonkwo (ogige nwere ihe oyiyi nke nwa agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke Mary), Ogige ndị mọnk, Ogige Mughal, ogige okike (ogige okike), ogige ntụgharị, ogige ezumike, ogige nsọ, Ogige Shakespeare, ogige mgbụsị akwụkwọ, ogige, ogigeOgige ọhịa |- |'''Ebe e debere ya''' |Ogige azụ, Ogige ụlọ akwụkwọ, ogige cottage, ogige ọhịa, Ogige ihu, ogige obodo, ogige square foot, ogige obibi, Ogige elu ụlọ, Ogige kichin, ogige ndòogige onyinyo |- |'''Ihe onwunwe''' |Ogige karama, terrarium, greenhouse, mgbidi akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ogige kwụ ọtọ, ogige container, ogige ihe a tụrụ atụ, ogige àkwà dị elu, ogige nkume, ogige oyi |} == Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi == Ndị na-elekọta ubi nwere ike imebi gburugburu ebe obibi site n'ụzọ ha si akụ ubi, ma ọ bụ ha nwere ike ime ka gburugburu ebe obibi ha dịkwuo mma.Mmebi nke ndị na-elekọta ubi nwere ike ịgụnye mbibi nke ebe obibi na ogige mgbe e mepụtara ụlọ na ogige; mbibi nke ogige na-apụtaghị ìhè na mmebi iji nye ihe ubi dị ka peat, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Higgins|first=Adrian|title=Is this popular gardening material bad for the planet?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/home/should-sustainable-gardeners-use-peat-moss/2017/05/09/1fc746f0-3118-11e7-9534-00e4656c22aa_story.html|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> nkume maka ogige nkume, <ref>{{Cite book|author=Lindenmayer|first=David|title=Wildlife on Farms: How to Conserve Native Animals|year=2003|isbn=9780643068667|publisher=Csiro|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rFDuRUdn6S4C|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> na site na iji mmiri pọmpụ iji gbaa ogige mmiri; ọnwụ nke ihe dị ndụ n'ogige ahụ n'onwe ya, dị ka igbu ọ bụghị naanị slugs na snails kamakwa ndị na-eri ha dị ka hedgehogs na song slushes site na-egwu egwu; ọnwụ nke ndị na ogige ahụ kpatara mkpofu osisi site na-enweghị ntụ; ọnwụ nke osisi na-emepụta site na-emepụta; dị ndụ na-enweghị isi na-emepụta. === Mgbanwe ihu igwe === Ndị na-elekọta ubi nwere ike inye aka gbochie mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ọtụtụ ụzọ, gụnyere iji osisi, obere osisi, osisi kpuchie ala na osisi ndị ọzọ na-adịgide adịgide n'ogige ha, na-agbanwe ihe mkpofu ubi ka ọ bụrụ ihe okike n'ala kama ịgba ya ọkụ, na-edebe ala na compost n'ime ikuku, na-ezere peat, na-agagharị site na ngwá ọrụ ike gaa na ngwá ọrụ aka ma ọ bụ gbanwee atụmatụ ubi ha ka ọ ghara ịdị mkpa, na iji osisi nitrogen-edozi fatịlaịza.<ref name="David S.Ingram, Daphne Vince-Prue and Peter J. Gregory (2008)">{{Cite book|editor=Ingram|title=Science and the Garden: The scientific basis of horticultural practice|year=2008|publisher=Blackwell|location=Oxford|isbn=978-1-4051-6063-6}}</ref> Mgbanwe ihu igwe ga-enwe ọtụtụ mmetụta na ogige; ụfọdụ nnyocha na-atụ aro na ọtụtụ n'ime ha ga-abụ ihe na-adịghị mma. Ogige ntụrụndụ na-enyekwa aka na mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ndị na-elekọta ubi nwere ike ịmepụta gas na-eme ka ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ n'ọtụtụ ụzọ. Gas atọ bụ carbon dioxide, methane, na nitrous oxide. Ndị na-elekọta ubi na-emepụta carbon dioxide ozugbo site n'ịkụcha ala ma mebie carbon ala, site n'isure ihe mkpofu ubi n'ọkụ ọkụ, site na iji ngwá ọrụ ike nke na-ere mmanụ ala ma ọ bụ jiri ọkụ eletrik sitere na mmanụ ala, na site na iji peat. Ndị na-elekọta ubi na-emepụta methane site na ịta ala ma mee ka ọ bụrụ anaerobic, yana ikwe ka ụyọkọ compost ha bụrụ compacted na anaerobic. Ndị na-elekọta ubi na-emepụta nitrous oxide site na itinye nitrogen fatịlaịza gabigara ókè mgbe osisi na-eto eto nke mere [[Ihe na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-eme nri|Nri nitrogen]] dị na fatịlaịtị ga-agbanwe site na nje ala gaa na nitrous oxides. == Ịgba mmiri == Ụfọdụ ndị na-elekọta ubi na-elekọta ubi ha n'ejighị mmiri ọ bụla si n'èzí ogige ahụ. Ọmụmatụ na Britain gụnyere Ventnor Botanic Garden na Isle of Wight, na akụkụ nke ogige Bet Chatto dị na Essex, ogige Sticky Wicket na Dorset, na ubi Royal Horticultural Society na Harlow Carr na Hyde Hall. Ogige mmiri ozuzo na-amịkọrọ mmiri ozuzo na-adakwasị n'elu ebe siri ike dị nso, kama iziga ya n'ime mmiri mmiri ozuzo..<ref>{{Cite book|author=Dunnett and Clayden|first=Nigel and Andy|title=Rain Gardens: Managing Water Sustainably in the Garden and Designed Landscape|year=2007|publisher=Timber Press|location=Portland, OR|isbn=978-0-88192-826-6}}</ref> == Hụkwa ==   * Ndepụta nke isiokwu ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ubi * Nchịkọta nke ọrụ ugbo na ọrụ ugbo * Ndepụta nke ndị ọkachamara na-elekọta ubi * Ndepụta akwụkwọ / mbipụta nke ịkọ ugbo na ịkọ ugbo == Ebem si dee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 47gphwu5lq6e26pwvbjb12f4dhe1qws 0 50698 628594 515434 2026-04-01T21:10:56Z Mirah50 16972 Fixed reference errors 628594 wikitext text/x-wiki Pharming, portmanteau nke ugbo na ọgwụ, na-ezo aka iji usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa tinye mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-ede maka ọgwụ bara uru n'ime anụmanụ ma ọ bụ osisi ndị na-agaghị egosipụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị ahụ, si otú a na-emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa gbanwetụrụ (GMO).[1] [2] A na-akpọkwa ọgwụ ọgwụ dị ka ọrụ ugbo molecular, ọgwụ molecular,[3] ma ọ bụ biopharming. Ngwaahịa nke pharing bụ protein recombinant ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa metabolic ha. A na-ejikarị nje bacteria ma ọ bụ yist na-emepụta protein ndị na-emepụta ihe na bioreactor, ma pharma na-enye ndị na-emepụta ihe uru na ọ dịghị achọ akụrụngwa dị oke ọnụ, na ikike mmepụta nwere ike ịgbatị ngwa ngwa iji gboo mkpa, na-ebelata oke cos.<ref name="Kaiser">{{Cite journal|author=Kaiser, Jocelyn|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|date=25 April 2008|url=http://people.forestry.oregonstate.edu/steve-strauss/sites/people.forestry.oregonstate.edu.steve-strauss/files/Is%20drought%20over%20for%20pharming%20Science%202007.pdf|title=Is the Drought Over for Pharming?|pmid=18436771|doi=10.1126/science.320.5875.473|volume=320|issue=5875|pages=473&ndash;5}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Protein nke sitere n'osisi nwetaghachi nke mbụ (PDP) bụ serum albumin mmadụ, nke ewepụtara na 1990 na ụtaba transgenic na osisi nduku.[6] Ọnwụnwa na-eto eto n'ọhịa nke ihe ọkụkụ ndị a malitere na United States na 1992 ma na-eme kwa afọ kemgbe. Ọ bụ ezie na Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States akwadola ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ ọgwụ na steeti ọ bụla, ọtụtụ nnwale emeela na [[Hawaii]], Nebraska, Iowa, na Wisconsin. Na mbido afọ 2000, ụlọ ọrụ pharming siri ike. E guzobere ihe akaebe nke echiche maka mmepụta nke ọtụtụ protein ọgwụgwọ, gụnyere ndị na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ, ngwaahịa ọbara, cytokines, Ihe ndị na-eto eto, [[Hormone|homonụ]], enzymes recombinant na ọgwụ mgbochi mmadụ na anụmanụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2003, ọtụtụ ngwaahịa PDP maka ọgwụgwọ ọrịa mmadụ nọ na mmepe site n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ biotech 200, gụnyere recombinant gastric lipase maka ọgwụgwọ nke cystic fibrosis, na antibodies maka mgbochi ezé ezé na ọgwụgwọ nke non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. <ref name="christou">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1038/nrg1177|title=Genetic modification: The production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins in plants|year=2003|author=Ma|first=Julian K-C.|journal=Nature Reviews Genetics|volume=4|issue=10|pages=794–805|pmid=14526375}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, na ngwụcha afọ 2002, dịka ProdiGene na-eme ka mmepụta nke trypsin dịkwuo elu maka ịmalite azụmahịa a chọpụtara na a na-ewepụta osisi ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo (nke hapụrụ site na owuwe ihe ubi gara aga) nke otu n'ime ngwaahịa ọka GM ha na ihe ọkụkụ soybean a kụrụ n'ọhịa ahụ. <ref name="News of contamination">[http://ngin.tripod.com/151102a.htm News of contamination]</ref>   [isi iyi a na-apụghị ịdabere na ya?] A kwụrụ ProdiGene $ 250,000 ma nye iwu ka ọ kwụọ ihe karịrị $ 3 nde na mmefu nhicha. Nke a kpasuru iwe ma mee ka oghere pharming laghachi azụ, n'ụzọ dị egwu.<ref name="Kaiser"/> Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dara ogbenye ka ụlọ ọrụ na-eche nsogbu inweta ikikere maka ule ule na ndị na-etinye ego gbapụrụ.<ref name="Kaiser" /> Na mmeghachi omume, APHIS webatara iwu siri ike maka nnwale pharming na US na 2003. N'afọ 2005, Anheuser-Busch yiri egwu ịkwụsị osikapa a na-akụ na [[Mizurị|Missouri]] n'ihi atụmatụ Ventria Bioscience na-akụ osikapa na steeti ahụ. E ruru nkwekọrịta, mana Ventria wepụrụ ikike ya ịkụ osisi na Missouri n'ihi ọnọdụ ndị na-enweghị njikọ. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ gbakee, site n'ilekwasị anya na pharming na osisi ndị dị mfe na-etolite na bioreactors na ịzụlite ihe ọkụkụ GM na greenhouses.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1196/annals.1408.009|title=Bioproduction of Therapeutic Proteins in the 21st Century and the Role of Plants and Plant Cells as Production Platforms|year=2007|author=Boehm|first=Robert|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|volume=1102|issue=1|pages=121–34|pmid=17470916}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na ìgwè agụmakwụkwọ anọgidewo na-anwale ihe ọkụkụ GM na-emepụta ọgwụ ọjọọ. N'afọ 2006, Dow AgroSciences natara nkwado USDA iji zụọ ọgwụ mgbochi maka ọkụkọ megide Ọrịa Newcastle, nke e mepụtara na mkpụrụ ndụ osisi - ọgwụ mgbochi mbụ e mepụtara site na osisi kwadoro na US.<ref>[http://www.pharmexec.com/pharmexec/The-First-Plant-Derived-Vaccine-Approved-for-Chick/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/307471 FDA Approval News]</ref><ref name="nature">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1038/sj.embor.7400470|title=Molecular farming for new drugs and vaccines|year=2005|author=Ma|first=Julian K -C.|journal=EMBO Reports|volume=6|issue=7|pages=593–9|pmid=15995674}}</ref> == N'ime anụ na-enye nwa ara == === Ọganihu akụkọ ihe mere eme === Mmiri ara ehi bụ usoro kachasị tozuru oke iji mepụta protein ndị na-emegharị ahụ site na ntule transgenic. Ọbara, akwa ọcha, plasma seminal, na mmamịrị bụ usoro ndị ọzọ nwere ike ime, mana ha niile nwere ihe ndọghachi azụ. Ọbara, dịka ọmụmaatụ, dịka nke afọ 2012 enweghị ike ịchekwa ọkwa dị elu nke protein recombinant kwụsiri ike, na protein ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ọbara nwere ike ịgbanwe ahụike ụmụ anụmanụ.[16] Nkwupụta n'ime mmiri ara ehi nke anụ ụlọ, dị ka ehi, atụrụ, ma ọ bụ ewu, bụ ngwa a na-ejikarị eme ihe, ebe ọ bụ na mmepụta mmiri ara ehi na-aba ụba na ime ka mmiri ara ehi dị ọcha dị mfe. A na-ejikwa hamsters na rabbits mee ihe ọmụmụ mbido n'ihi na ha na-amụ ngwa ngwa. Otu ụzọ na nkà na ụzụ a bụ ịmepụta anụ anụ transgenic nke nwere ike ịmepụta biopharmaceutical na mmiri ara ehi ya (ma ọ bụ ọbara ma ọ bụ mmamịrị). Ozugbo e mepụtara anụmanụ, na-ejikarị usoro microinjection pronuclear, ọ na-adị irè iji teknụzụ cloning iji mepụta ụmụ ọzọ nke na-ebu genome emezigharịrị dị mma.[17] Na February 2009 US FDA nyere nkwado ahịa maka ọgwụ mbụ a ga-emepụta n'ime anụ ụlọ ndị gbanwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.[18] A na-akpọ ọgwụ a ATryn, nke bụ protein antithrombin dị ọcha site na mmiri ara ehi nke ewu megharịrị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ na Europe nyere ikike ịzụ ahịa na August 2006. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/5041298.stm|title=Go-ahead for 'pharmed' goat drug|accessdate=2006-10-25|work=BBC News|date=June 2, 2006}}</ref> === Nsogbu nke ikike ikike === Dị ka e gosiri n'elu, ụfọdụ anụ mamma ndị a na-ejikarị emepụta nri (dị ka ewu, atụrụ, ezì na ehi) ka agbanweela iji mepụta ngwaahịa ndị na-abụghị nri, omume a na-akpọ pharming mgbe ụfọdụ. FDA na EMA akwadola iji ewu emezigharị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iji mepụta ATryn, ya bụ recombinant antithrombin, ọgwụ protin na-egbochi ọbara ọgbụgba.[20] Ngwaahịa ndị a "mepụtara site n'ịtụgharị anụmanụ ka ọ bụrụ' igwe na-emepụta ọgwụ site n'ịgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa" na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ biopharmaceuticals. Ikike ikike nke biopharmaceuticals dị otú ahụ na usoro nrụpụta ha ejighị n'aka. Eleghị anya, biopharmaceuticals n'onwe ha mere bụ enweghị ikike, na-eche na ha yiri ọgwụ ndị dịbu adị nke ha na-eṅomi. Ọtụtụ mkpebi nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States na narị afọ nke 19 na-ekwu na a pụghị ịdepụta ngwaahịa sitere n'okike arụpụtara na mbụ.[21] Enwere ike ịme arụmụka maka patentability nke usoro maka ịmepụta biopharmaceutical, Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na imegharị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ụmụ anụmanụ ka ha wee mepụta ọgwụ ahụ dị iche na usoro mmepụta mbụ; Ọzọkwa, otu mkpebi Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu yiri ka ọ na-emeghe ohere ahụ.<ref>The ''American Wood-Paper'' case invalidated the product patent but left open the patentability of the process, saying "whatever may be said of their process for obtaining it...." 90 U.S. at 596.</ref> N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-atụ aro na mkpebi Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na Mayo v. Prometheus[23] nwere ike ịmepụta nsogbu na, dị ka mkpebi ikpe ahụ siri dị, "enwere ike ikwu na ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị dị otú ahụ na-emepụta. protein a n'otu ụzọ ahụ ha na-eme mgbe nile na anụ mam, ha na-emepụta otu ngwaahịa, na nkà na ụzụ mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-eji bụ omenala, nke mere na nzọụkwụ nke usoro 'na-atụkwasịghị ihe ọ bụla n'iwu nke okike nke na-adịghị ugbu a. 24] Ọ bụrụ na arụmụka ahụ meriri n'ụlọ ikpe, usoro ahụ agaghịkwa eru maka nchebe patent ekpebibeghị okwu a n'ụlọ ikpe. == N'ime osisi == Ọgwụ na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ (PMPs), nke a na-akpọkwa ya dị ka ọgwụ, bụ ngalaba nke ụlọ ọrụ biotechnology nke gụnyere usoro ihe ọkụkụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ka ha wee nwee ike imepụta ụfọdụ ụdị protein dị mkpa na-agwọ ọrịa na ụmụ irighiri ihe jikọrọ ya dị ka peptides na nke abụọ. metabolites. Enwere ike iweta protein na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị ahụ wee mepụta ọgwụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1002/wnan.1462|title=Antibodies from plants for bionanomaterials|year=2017|author=Edgue|first=Gueven|journal=WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology|volume=9|issue=6|pmid=28345261}}</ref> A na-ejikarị Arabidopsis eme ihe dị ka ihe nlereanya iji mụọ ngosipụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na osisi, ebe enwere ike imepụta ya na ọka, [[Oskàpà|osikapa]], poteto, ụtaba, flax ma ọ bụ safflower.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ramessar|first=Koreen|date=2008-02-23|title=Molecular pharming in cereal crops|journal=Phytochemistry Reviews|language=en|volume=7|issue=3|pages=579–592|doi=10.1007/s11101-008-9087-3|issn=1568-7767}}</ref> Ọtaba abụwo nhọrọ a ma ama nke ihe dị ndụ maka ngosipụta nke transgenes, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-agbanwe n'ụzọ dị mfe, na-emepụta ọtụtụ anụ ahụ, ma na-adị ndụ nke ọma ''in vitro'' na greenhouses.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jube|first=Sandro|date=2007-07-15|title=Expression of bacterial genes in transgenic tobacco: methods, applications and future prospects|journal=Electronic Journal of Biotechnology|volume=10|issue=3|pages=452–467|doi=10.2225/vol10-issue3-fulltext-4|issn=0717-3458|pmid=19750137}}</ref> Uru nke osikapa na flax bụ na ha na-eme ka ha na-amị mkpụrụ, ya mere, a na-ezere nsogbu nke Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (lee n'okpuru). Otú ọ dị, njehie mmadụ ka nwere ike ịkpata ihe ọkụkụ gbanwere agbanwe na-abanye n'ihe oriri. Iji obere ihe ọkụkụ dị ka safflower ma ọ bụ ụtaba na-ezere nrụgide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ka ukwuu na ihe ize ndụ maka nri na-emetụta iji ihe ọkụkụ ndị dị ka agwa ma ọ bụ osikapa. Ngosipụta nke protein na mkpụrụ ndụ osisi ma ọ bụ ọdịbendị mgbọrọgwụ na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, mana na ọnụahịa dị elu nke mmepụta. A pụkwara iji ngwakọta na-adịghị ọcha mee ihe maka bioconfinement nke osisi transgenic, ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ike ịmepụta usoro kwụsiri ike.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rice|first=J|date=2013|title=Assessing the bioconfinement potential of a Nicotiana hybrid platform for use in plant molecular farming applications|journal=BMC Biotechnology|language=En|volume=13|issue=1|pages=63|doi=10.1186/1472-6750-13-63|issn=1472-6750|pmid=23914736}}</ref> A na-ahọrọ ihe ọkụkụ ọka mgbe ụfọdụ maka pharming n'ihi na ngwaahịa protein ndị a na-elekwasị anya na endosperm nke ọka egosila na ha nwere oke okpomọkụ. Njirimara a na-eme ka ha bụrụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị maka mmepụta nke Ọgwụ mgbochi a na-eri eri, dịka protein mkpuchi nje a na-echekwa na ọka anaghị achọ nchekwa oyi dị ka ọtụtụ ọgwụ mgbochi na-eme ugbu a. Idebe usoro ọgwụ mgbochi na-achịkwa okpomọkụ na-esikarị ike mgbe ị na-ebute ọgwụ mgbochi gaa mba ndị na-emepe emepe.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Chan|first=Hui-Ting|date=2016-06-01|title=Cold chain and virus-free chloroplast-made booster vaccine to confer immunity against different poliovirus serotypes|journal=Plant Biotechnology Journal|language=en|volume=14|issue=11|pages=2190–2200|doi=10.1111/pbi.12575|issn=1467-7644|pmid=27155248}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eme mgbanwe osisi site na iji Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A na-egosipụtakarị protein nke mmasị n'okpuru njikwa nke kọlịflawa mosaic virus 35S promoter (CaMV35S), onye na-akwado ike na-akwalite okwu ịkwọ ụgbọala na osisi.[30] Enwere ike itinye akara ngosi mpaghara na protein nke mmasị iji mee ka mkpokọta na-eme n'otu mpaghara mpaghara mpaghara, dị ka chloroplasts ma ọ bụ vacuoles. A na-eme nke a iji meziwanye mkpụrụ, mee ka ọ dị mfe ime ka ọ dị ọcha, ma ọ bụ ka protein ahụ na-apịaji nke ọma.[31][32] N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, egosipụtara na ntinye nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa antisense n'ime kaseti okwu nwere ike imeziwanye usoro ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na [[Japan]] ji mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa SPK gbanwere osikapa, bụ́ nke na-akpaghasị mkpokọta starch n’ime mkpụrụ osikapa, ka ngwaahịa wee na-agbakọta n’ime sap mmiri nke dị mfe ime ka ọ dị ọcha.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Imamura|first=Tomohiro|date=February 2016|title=Production of recombinant thanatin in watery rice seeds that lack an accumulation of storage starch and proteins|journal=Journal of Biotechnology|volume=219|pages=28–33|doi=10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.12.006|pmid=26689479|issn=0168-1656}}</ref> N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ọtụtụ osisi ndị na-abụghị ihe ọkụkụ dị ka duckweed Lemna obere ma ọ bụ moss Physcomitrella patens egosila na ọ bara uru maka mmepụta nke biopharmaceuticals. Enwere ike ịzụlite ihe ndị a na-akpa ike na bioreactors (na-emegide ịbụ ndị toro n'ubi), na-ezobe protein ndị gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eto eto ma, ya mere, na-ebelata ibu dị ọcha nke protein n'ịkwadebe proteins recombinant maka ahụike.[34] [35] [36] Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike imepụta ụdị abụọ ahụ iji mee ka nzuzo nke protein na usoro mmadụ nke glycosylation, mmụba karịa usoro ngosipụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ.[37] [38]. Biolex Therapeutics mepụtara ikpo okwu okwu dabeere na ọbọgwụ; ọ rere Synthon azụmahịa ahụ wee kwupụta enweghị ego na 2012.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Tụkwasị na nke a, ụlọ ọrụ [[Israel]], Protalix, emepụtala usoro iji mepụta ọgwụgwọ na carrot transgenic ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ ndụ ụtaba. Protalix na onye mmekọ ya, Pfizer, natara nkwado FDA iji ree ọgwụ ya, taliglucerase alpha (Elelyso), dị ka ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa Gaucher, na 2012. == Nchịkwa == Nchịkwa nke injinia mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-emetụta usoro gọọmentị na-ewere iji nyochaa ma jikwaa ihe ize ndụ ndị metụtara mmepe na ntọhapụ nke ihe ọkụkụ gbanwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ubi. E nwere ọdịiche dị na nhazi nke ihe ọkụkụ GM - gụnyere ndị a na-eji eme pharming - n'etiti mba, na ụfọdụ n'ime ọdịiche ndị a na'etiti USA na Europe. Nchịkwa dịgasị iche na mba a nyere dabere na ojiji a chọrọ iji ngwaahịa nke injinia mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe ọkụkụ a na-ezube iji mee ihe oriri anaghị enyocha ya site n'aka ndị na-ahụ maka nchekwa nri. == Arụmụka == E nwere esemokwu gburugburu GMOs n'ozuzu ya n'ọtụtụ ọkwa, gụnyere ma ime ha bụ ụkpụrụ omume, okwu gbasara ihe onwunwe ọgụgụ isi na ahịa ahịa; mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ihe ọkụkụ GM; na ọrụ GM na ọrụ ugbo n'ofe. E nwekwara arụmụka ụfọdụ gbasara pharming. === Uru ya === [[Osisi]] anaghị ebu nje ndị nwere ike ịdị ize ndụ nye [[Health|ahụike]] mmadụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, na ọkwa nke protein na-arụ ọrụ na ọgwụ, enweghị protein na osisi ndị yiri protein mmadụ. N'aka nke ọzọ, osisi ka nwere njikọ chiri anya na ụmụ anụmanụ na ụmụ mmadụ nke na ha nwere ike ịhazi ma hazie ma anụmanụ na protein mmadụ. Mkpụrụ ha na mkpụrụ ha na-enyekwa akpa nkwakọba ihe na-adịghị mma maka ọgwụgwọ bara uru ma na-ekwe nkwa ndụ nchekwa ụfọdụ.<ref name="BioPro">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bio-pro.de/magazin/thema/00178/index.html?lang=en|title=Molecular Farming – Plant Bioreactors|publisher=BioPro|accessdate=2008-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718203226/http://www.bio-pro.de/magazin/thema/00178/index.html?lang=en|archivedate=2011-07-18}}</ref> Mkpa ụwa maka ọgwụ dị na ọkwa a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ. Ịgbasawanye usoro microbial dị ugbu a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ ga-ekwe omume maka ụfọdụ ngwaahịa ọgwụgwọ, abụghị nhọrọ na-eju afọ n'ọtụtụ ihe. Ọtụtụ protein na-adọrọ mmasị dị mgbagwoju anya nke ukwuu iji mee ya site na usoro microbial ma ọ bụ site na protein synthesis. <ref name="BioPro"/> A na-emepụta protein ndị a ugbu a na mkpụrụ ndụ anụmanụ, mana ngwaahịa a na-emepụta na-adịkarị oke ọnụ maka ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa. N'ihi ihe ndị a, sayensị anọwo na-enyocha nhọrọ ndị ọzọ maka ịmepụta protein nke uru ọgwụgwọ. <ref name="library">{{Cite web|url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/prb0509-e.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507080722/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/prb0509-e.htm|archivedate=May 7, 2010|title=Molecular pharming|publisher=[[Parliament of Canada]]|work=[[Library of Parliament]]|date=4 July 2005|accessdate=2008-09-11|author=Norris, Sonya}}</ref><ref name="ScienceD">{{cite journal | title=Molecular farming in plants: Host systems and expression technology | first1=Richard M. | last2=Stoger | first2=Eva | last3=Schillberg | first3=Stefan | last4=Christou | first4=Paul | last5=Fischer | first5=Rainer | journal=[[Trends Biotechnol.]] | year=2003 | volume=21 | issue=12 | pages=570–8 | doi=10.1016/j.tibtech.2003.10.002 | last1=Twyman | pmid=14624867 | display-authors=3}}</ref> <ref name="nature"/> Ihe ọkụkụ ọgwụ ndị a nwere ike [[Iba|ịba]] uru nke ukwuu na mba ndị na-emepe emepe. Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa na-eme atụmatụ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ atọ na-anwụ kwa afọ site na ọrịa a na-egbochi site na ọgwụ mgbochi, karịsịa n'Africa. Ọrịa ndị dị ka kịtịkpa na ịba ọcha n'anya na-eduga n'ọnwụ na mba ebe ndị mmadụ na-enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ dị elu nke ọgwụ mgbochi, mana ihe ọkụkụ nwere ike inye aka dozie nsogbu a. === Ọghọm ya === Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ ugbo bụ otu n'ime ngwa nke Injinia mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, enwere nchegbu pụrụ iche na ya. N'ihe banyere nri gbanwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (GM), nchegbu na-elekwasị anya na nchekwa nke nri maka oriri mmadụ. Na nzaghachi, a na-ekwu na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eme ka [[ihe ọkụkụ]] dịkwuo mma n'ụzọ ụfọdụ, dị ka iguzogide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ iguzogide ọgwụ ahụhụ, ekwenyeghị na ha anaghị emetụta nri n'onwe ya. Nri GM ndị ọzọ na-emepe emepe, dị ka mkpụrụ osisi e mere iji tochaa ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ too, ekwere na ha anaghị emetụta ụmụ mmadụ n'ụzọ dị iche na ụdị ndị na-abụghị GM.<ref name="library"/><ref name="nature"/><ref name="BioPro"/><ref name="wired">{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/medtech/health/news/2001/11/48108|title=Molecular Farming Under Fire|author=Mandel|first=Charles|publisher=wired|accessdate=2008-09-13|date=2001-11-06}}</ref> N'ụzọ dị iche, a naghị ebu n'uche ịkọ ugbo maka ihe ọkụkụ maka [[Nri yinye|Usoro nri]]. Ọ na-emepụta osisi ndị nwere ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-agbakọta na anụ ahụ nke osisi ahụ. N'ihi ya, a na-elekwasị anya nke ukwuu na njide na ịkpachara anya dị mkpa iji chebe ma ahụike ndị na-azụ ahịa na ụdị dị iche iche nke gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name="library"/> Eziokwu ahụ bụ na a na-eji osisi ndị ahụ emepụta ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ka ndị na-eme ihe ike. Ha na-echegbu onwe ha na ozugbo mmepụta malitere, osisi ndị gbanwere nwere ike ịchọta ụzọ ha n'ime nri ma ọ bụ cross-pollinate na ihe ọkụkụ nkịtị, ndị na-abụghị GM.<ref name="wired"/> Nchegbu ndị a nwere nkwado akụkọ ihe mere eme site na ihe omume ProdiGene, na site na ihe mere StarLink, nke ọka GMO na mberede mechara bụrụ ngwaahịa nri azụmahịa. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-echegbu onwe ha banyere ike nke azụmahịa. Dị ka Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-enyocha Nri nke [[Kánada|Canada]] si kwuo, na akụkọ na-adịbeghị anya, na-ekwu na naanị ọchịchọ US maka ọgwụ biotech na-agbasawanye na pasent 13 kwa afọ ma ruo ọnụ ahịa ahịa nke ijeri $ 28.6 na 2004.<ref name="wired" /> A na-atụ anya na Pharming ga-aba ijeri $ 100 n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.molecularfarming.com/about.html|title=Protein Products for Future Global Good|publisher=molecularfarming.com|accessdate=2008-09-11}}</ref> == Ndepụta nke ndị malitere (ụlọ ọrụ na mahadum), ọrụ nyocha na ngwaahịa == ''Biko rịba ama na ndepụta a agwụghị agwụ.'' * Dow AgroSciences - ọgwụ mgbochi ọkụkọ megide nje ọrịa Newcastle (PMP mbụ a kwadoro maka ahịa site na USDA Center for Veterinary Biologics Dow ebughị n'obi ire ọgwụ mgbochi ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dowagro.com/animalhealth/resources/news/20060131b.htm |title=Retrieved on 15 May 2007 |accessdate=10 August 2024 |archivedate=21 November 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121112634/http://www.dowagro.com/animalhealth/resources/news/20060131b.htm }}</ref><ref>Margret Engelhard, Kristin Hagen, Felix Thiele (eds). (2007) Pharming A New Branch of Biotechnology </ref> "'Dow Agrosciences jiri ọgwụ mgbochi anụmanụ mee ihe dị ka ihe atụ iji gbasaa usoro ahụ kpamkpam. A ghaghị ịkwado ikpo okwu ọhụrụ, nke nwere ike isi ike mgbe ndị ọchịchị na-emetụta ya na nke mbụ', ka onye na-ahụ maka ahụike osisi Stefan Schillberg, onye isi nke Molecular Biology Division na Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biological and Applied Ecology Aachen kọwara. "<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.labtimes.org/labtimes/issues/lt2012/lt04/lt_2012_04_38_40.pdf |title=Farming for Pharma |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091208/http://www.labtimes.org/labtimes/issues/lt2012/lt04/lt_2012_04_38_40.pdf }}</ref> * Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, nke nwere saịtị dị na Germany, US, na [[Chile]] bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-eduga na Pharma Planta consortium nke òtù ndị mmekọ 33 sitere na mba 12 nke Europe na South Africa, nke European Commission kwadoro. <ref>[http://www.ime.fraunhofer.de/en/about_us.html Fraunhofer website]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pharma-planta.net/index.php?pg=58 |title=Pharma Planta website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2019-07-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710071531/http://www.pharma-planta.net/index.php?pg=58 }}</ref> Pharma Planta na-emepe usoro maka mmepụta osisi nke protein na greenhouses na usoro nchịkwa Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pharma-planta.net/index.php?pg=61 |title=FAQ page |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2019-06-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630164043/http://www.pharma-planta.net/index.php?pg=61 }}</ref> Ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na Biosimilars na Plantform na PharmaPraxis (lee n'okpuru). <ref name="Brennan">Brennan, Zachary. Brazilian JV looks to tap plant-based manufacturing system for biosimilars. BioPharma-Reporter.com, 23-Jul-2014.</ref> * Genzyme - antithrombin III na mmiri ara ewu * GTC Biotherapeutics - ATryn (recombinant human antithrombin) na mmiri ara ewu <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gtc-bio.com/ |title=GTC website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2009-01-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130022346/http://gtc-bio.com/ }}</ref> * Icon Genetics na-emepụta ọgwụgwọ na osisi ''Nicotiana benthamiana'' (nke metụtara ụtaba) na-ebute ọrịa na ụlọ akwụkwọ na Halle, Germany ma ọ bụ n'ọhịa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.icongenetics.com/html/5948.htm |title=Press release on opening Halle facility |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2016-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621071825/http://www.icongenetics.com/html/5948.htm }}</ref><ref name="NHL-Launch">{{Cite web |url=http://www.icongenetics.com/html/5954.htm |title=Icon press release on clinical trial launch |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2016-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621072048/http://www.icongenetics.com/html/5954.htm }}</ref> Ngwaahịa mbụ bụ ọgwụ mgbochi maka ọrịa kansa, lymphoma na-abụghị Hodgkin.<ref name="NHL-Launch" /> * Mahadum steeti Iowa - protein na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ site na nje bacteria E. coli na ọka na-enweghị ntụ ọka dị ka ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa megide E. coli maka ụmụ anụmanụ na ụmụ mmadụ <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bigmap.iastate.edu/images/BIGMAP%20newsletter%20spring06.pdf |title=Iowa State Ag School 2006 Newsletter |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2013-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503143308/http://www.bigmap.iastate.edu/images/BIGMAP%20newsletter%20spring06.pdf }}</ref><ref>[http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/aphisdocs/08_057109r_nds.pdf APHIS approval]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://psychcentral.com/news/archives/2006-06/isu-isp062306.html|title=Iowa State plant scientists tweak their biopharmaceutical corn research project|accessdate=2012-10-06|archivedate=2015-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602172133/http://psychcentral.com/news/archives/2006-06/isu-isp062306.html}}</ref> * Kentucky Bioprocessing weghaara ụlọ ọrụ Large Scale Biology na Owensboro, Kentucky, ma na-enye ọrụ nkwekọrịta biomanufacturing na ụlọ ọrụ ụtaba, nke a na-akụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ n'ọhịa mepere emepe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kbpllc.com/Home.aspx |title=Kentucky Bioprocessing website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2015-11-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119062837/http://www.kbpllc.com/Home.aspx }}</ref> * Medicago Inc. - Nnyocha tupu Ọgwụ mgbochi influenza nke e mere na osisi ''Nicotiana benthamiana'' (nke metụtara ụtaba) na-ebute ọrịa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Louis-P.|author=Vezina|year=2011|title=Plants As an Innovative and Accelerated Vaccine-Manufacturing Solution|journal=BioPharm International Supplements|volume=24|issue=5|pages=s27–30|url=http://www.biopharminternational.com/biopharm/Upstream+Processing/Plants-As-an-Innovative-and-Accelerated-Vaccine-Ma/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/718082}}</ref> Medicago zụlitere ụmụ irighiri nje dị ka nje na ahịhịa ahịhịhịa nke Australia ''Nicotiana benthamiana,'' maka mmepe nke ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa megide nje COVID-19, na-amalite ule ahụike nke Phase I na July 2020.<ref name="ctv-medicago">{{Cite news|title=The hunt for a vaccine: Canadian company begins human testing of COVID-19 candidate|work=CTV News|date=2020-07-14|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/the-hunt-for-a-vaccine-canadian-company-begins-human-testing-of-covid-19-candidate-1.5022960|accessdate=2020-07-14|author=St. Philip|first=Elizabeth}}</ref><ref name="np-medicago">{{Cite news|author=Vishwadha Chander|publisher=Reuters|title=Canada's Medicago begins human trials of plant-based COVID-19 vaccine|work=National Post|date=2020-07-14|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadas-medicago-begins-human-trials-of-plant-based-covid-19-vaccine|accessdate=2020-07-14}}</ref><ref name="medicago">{{Cite web|title=Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of a Coronavirus-Like Particle COVID-19 Vaccine in Adults Aged 18-55 Years|work=ClinicalTrials.gov|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04450004|accessdate=14 July 2020}}</ref> * PharmaPraxis - Ịmepụta ihe ndị yiri ihe ndị dị ndụ na njikọ aka na PlantForm (lee n'okpuru) na Fraunhofer.<ref name="Brennan" /> * Pharming - C1 inhibitor, human collagen 1, fibrinogen (na American Red Cross), na lactoferrin na mmiri ara ehi E nwetara ihe onwunwe ọgụgụ isi n'azụ ọrụ fibrinogen site na PPL Therapeutics mgbe PPL dara ogbenye na 2004. <ref>[http://www.pharming.com/ Company website]</ref><ref name="PPL-Press">{{Cite web |url=http://www.in-pharmatechnologist.com/Processing/Pharming-buys-up-PPL-s-patent-estate |title=Press on Pharming Purchase of PPL assets |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2013-07-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704171010/http://www.in-pharmatechnologist.com/Processing/Pharming-buys-up-PPL-s-patent-estate }}</ref> * Phyton Biotech na-eji usoro mmepụta mkpụrụ ndụ osisi emepụta ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-adabere na taxanes, gụnyere paclitaxel na docetaxel <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.phytonbiotech.com/index-2.html |title=Phyton Biotech Official Website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2014-06-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605053230/http://www.phytonbiotech.com/index-2.html }}</ref> * Planet Biotechnology - antibodies megide Streptococcus mutans, antibodies gegn doxorubicin, na ICAM 1 receptor na ụtaba <ref>[http://www.planetbiotechnology.com/ Company website]</ref> * PlantForm Corporation - Biosimilar trastuzumab na ụtaba - Ọ na-emepe biosimilars na mmekorita ya na PharmaPraxis (lee n'elu) na Fraunhofer. <ref>[http://www.plantformcorp.com/ Company website]</ref><ref name="Brennan" /> * ProdiGene - na-emepụta ọtụtụ protein, gụnyere aprotinin, trypsin na ọgwụ mgbochi TGE nke anụmanụ na ọka. Ọ nọ na usoro nke ịmalite ngwaahịa trypsin na 2002 mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, ihe ọkụkụ ya na-anwale n'ọhịa emetọla ihe ọkụkụ nkịtị. <ref name="News of contamination"/> N'enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ nde $ 3 nke nhicha ahụ, ndị International Oilseed Distributors zụrụ ya na 2003 ndị International Oilbeed Distributers bụ ndị Harry H. Stine na-achịkwa, onye nwere otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ soybeans genetics na US.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090108160917/http://www.seedquest.com/News/releases/2003/august/6457.htm Press release from internet archive]</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20130118150903/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=33330 Bloomberg BusinessWeek Profile]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stineseed.com/about-stine/media/company-leadership/harry-h-stine/ |title=Stine Seeds Website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2015-03-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308130006/http://www.stineseed.com/about-stine/media/company-leadership/harry-h-stine }}</ref> ProdiGene's maize-produced trypsin, na akara ahịa TrypZean bụ nke Sigma-Aldritch na-ere ugbu a dị ka ihe nyocha. <ref>[http://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=78179017&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearchUSPTO Trademark listing]</ref><ref name="SigmaDetailSheet">[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Sigma/General_Information/cell_culture.Par.0001.File.tmp/cell_culture.pdf SIgma Info Sheet]</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|first=Kevin|author=Ray|year=2011|title=Characterization of TrypZean: a Plant-Based Alternative to Bovine-Derived Trypsin (Peer-Reviewed)|journal=BioPharm International|volume=24|issue=10|pages=44–8|url=http://www.biopharminternational.com/biopharm/Quality/Characterization-of-TrypZean-a-Plant-Based-Alterna/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/742608}}</ref><ref>[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/metabolomics/enzyme-explorer/analytical-enzymes/trypzean.html Sigma Catalog]</ref> * Syngenta - Beta carotene na osikapa (nke a bụ "Golden rice 2"), nke Syngenta nyere onyinye na Golden Rice Project <ref>[http://www.goldenrice.org/Content3-Why/why3_FAQ.php#Syngenta FAQ page]</ref> * Mahadum steeti Arizona - Ọgwụ mgbochi Hepatitis C na poteto <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sols.asu.edu/people/charles-arntzen|title=Charles Arntzen &#124; School of Life Sciences|accessdate=2024-08-10|archivedate=2017-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520035801/https://sols.asu.edu/people/charles-arntzen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1038/news050214-2|title=Potatoes pack a punch against hepatitis B|year=2005|author=Khamsi|first=Roxanne|journal=News@nature}}</ref> * Ventria Bioscience - lactoferrin na lysozyme na osikapa * Mahadum Washington State - lactoferrin na lysozyme na ọka bali <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/aphisdocs/10_047102r_nds.pdf|title=NEPA Decision Summary for Permit #10-047-102r|date=March 10, 2010|publisher=[[Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service]]}}</ref><ref>[http://www.officeofresearch.wsu.edu/mps/researchers/vonwettstein.aspx Wettstein lab webpage]</ref> * European COST Action on Molecular Farming - COST Action FA0804 on Molecular Agriculture na-enye ụlọ ọrụ nhazi pan-European, na-ejikọ ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na gọọmentị si mba 23.<ref>[http://www.molecularfarming.org/ COST Action FA0804 Official Website]</ref> Ebumnuche nke Action bụ ịkwalite mpaghara ahụ site n'ịgba ume mmekọrịta sayensị, inye echiche ọkachamara na ịgba ume mmepe azụmahịa nke ngwaahịa ọhụrụ. COST Action na-enyekwa onyinye na-enye ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eto eto ohere ileta ụlọ nyocha na Europe maka ọzụzụ sayensị. * Map Biopharmaceutical na San Diego, [[California]], a kọrọ na August 2014 na-emepụta ZMapp, ọgwụgwọ nnwale maka [[Nje ọrịa Ebola|Ọrịa Ebola]] na-egbu egbu. A kọrọ na ndị America abụọ butere ọrịa na [[Liberia]] na-emeziwanye ọgwụ ahụ. E mere ZMapp site na iji ihe ndị na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ụtaba GM mepụtara.<ref>Ward, Andrew (8 August 2014) [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3925a80e-1e32-11e4-bb68-00144feabdc0.html#axzz39ok7ETQX Biotech groups face ethical dilemmas in race for Ebola Cure], Financial Times, Page 4, Internet article retrieved 8 August 2014</ref><ref>Langreth, Robert, et al (5 August 2014) [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-08-05/ebola-drug-made-from-tobacco-plant-saves-u-s-aid-workers.html Ebola Drug Made From Tobacco Plant Saves U.S. Aid Workers] Bloomberg News, Retrieved 8 August 2014</ref> '''Ọrụ ndị a maara na a hapụrụ''' * Agragen, na mmekorita ya na Mahadum Alberta - docosahexaenoic acid na human serum albumin na flax<ref>[http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2009109054 Published PCT Application]</ref><ref>CEO Sam Huttenbauer testified before Congress in 2005 about their GM flax efforts [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-109hhrg23179/pdf/CHRG-109hhrg23179.pdf Testimony]</ref><ref>Web search on October 6, 2012, found no website for this company and found that executives are all with other companies.</ref> * Chlorogen, Inc. - ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgba, anthrax, na ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa, albumin, interferon maka ọrịa imeju gụnyere ịba ọcha n'anya C, elastin, 4HB, na Ihe na-eto eto dị ka insulin na chloroplasts ụtaba. Ọ kwụsịrị azụmahịa na 2007.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130118182205/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=5863309 Bloomberg BusinessWeek Profile]</ref> * Dow Chemical Company mere nkwekọrịta na Sunol Molecular na 2003 iji mepụta ihe na-alụso ihe na-eme ka anụ ahụ ghara ịdị na osisi na n'ọdịbendị mkpụrụ ndụ na iji ha tụnyere.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.in-pharmatechnologist.com/Ingredients/Plant-production-for-cancer-protein |title=Plant production for cancer protein Sept 22, 2003 |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2013-07-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705140326/http://www.in-pharmatechnologist.com/Ingredients/Plant-production-for-cancer-protein }}</ref> N'afọ 2005, Sunol rere ihe niile na-emegide anụ ahụ ya na Tanox, nke Genentech zụrụ n'afọ 2003.<ref>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/tanox-to-acquire-antibodies-from-sunol-molecular-corp-for-potential-treatment-of-inflammatory-disease-cancer-54351832.html Press Release]</ref><ref>[http://contracts.onecle.com/tanox/sunol.apa.2005.03.25.shtml Purchase contract]</ref> Genentech nyere Altor ikikere usoro ihe omume anụ ahụ na 2008 Altor n'onwe ya bụ spinout site na Sunol. <ref>[http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20080212005194/en/Altor-BioScience-In-Licenses-Tissue-Factor-Antagonists-Genentech Press Release]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://altorbioscience.com/team.html |title=Altor website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082019/http://altorbioscience.com/team.html }}</ref> Ngwaahịa a na-emepe emepe, ALT-836, nke a maara na mbụ dị ka TNX-832 na Sunol-cH36, abụghị ihe na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ nke osisi mepụtara, kama ọ bụ ihe na-egbochi ọrịa nke anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara, karịa kpọmkwem, ihe na-emegide ọrịa nke a na-emepụta na hybridoma. <ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1160/TH09-06-0400|title=Inhibition of acute vascular thrombosis in chimpanzees by an anti-human tissue factor antibody targeting the factor X binding site|year=2009|author=Jiao|first=J.-a.|journal=Thrombosis and Haemostasis|volume=103|pages=224–33|pmid=20062929|issue=1}}</ref> * Epicite - spermicidal antibodies in corn Biolex zụrụ Epicyte na 2004 mgbe a kọwara akwụkwọ Epicyte dị ka "na-elekwasị anya na nchọpụta na mmepe nke ngwaahịa monoclonal antibody mmadụ dị ka ọgwụgwọ maka ọtụtụ ọrịa na-efe efe na nke na-eme ka ọzịza. <ref>{{Cite web|title=GM corn set to stop man spreading his seed|date=2001-09-09|work=[[The Guardian]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603052259/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2001/sep/09/gm.food|archivedate=2023-06-03|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2001/sep/09/gm.food}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.trelys.com/news050604.aspx |title=Trelys press release |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2024-08-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810215717/https://www.trelys.com/news050604.aspx }}</ref> * Large Scale Biology Corporation (LSBC) (bankrupt) - jiri nje Tobacco mosaic mepụta reagents na ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa maka Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Papillomavirus vaccine, parvovirus vaccine, alphactosidase maka Ọrịa Fabry, lysosomal acid lipase, aprotinin, interferon Alpha 2a na 2b, G-CSF, na ọgwụ mgwọ ọrịa Hepatitis B na ụtaba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sacramento.bizjournals.com/sacramento/stories/2006/01/16/story1.html|title=Large Scale files Ch. 11 after closing|accessdate=2007-05-10|author=Lamb|first=Celia|date=2006-01-13|work=[[Sacramento Business Journal]]}}</ref> N'afọ 2004, LSBC kwupụtara nkwekọrịta ya na Sigma-Aldritch nke LSB ga-emepụta aprotinin recombinant na osisi nke ezinụlọ ụtaba na Sigma -Aldrich ga-ekesa ngwaahịa recombinant LSBC na ndị ahịa ya na R&D, omenala mkpụrụ ndụ na ahịa.<ref>[http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20040304005618/en/Large-Scale-Biology-Corporation-Announces-Biomanufacturing-Commercial Biomanufacturing Press Release]</ref> Ka ọ na-erule Ọktoba 2012 SIgma ka nwere protein na ngwaahịa.<ref>[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/a6103?lang=en&region=US Sigma catalog Aprotinin]</ref> * Meristem Therapeutics - Lipase, lactoferrin, plasma protein, collagen, antibodies (IgA, IgM), allergens na protease inhibitors na ụtaba. E wepụrụ ya na 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pharmaclient.net/biotech/memories.php |title=History of bankrupt biotech companies |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2021-06-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620072220/https://pharmaclient.net/biotech/memories.php }}</ref> * Novoplant GmgH - protein ọgwụgwọ na ụtaba na nri.<ref>[http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=EN_PARTNERS&ACTION=D&DOC=432&CAT=PART&QUERY=012c1391b59f:da0f:58589b33&RCN=73876 Cordis entry on Novoplant]</ref> Nnyocha ubi na US nke nri ahịhịa maka ezì nke mepụtara anti-bacterial antibodies.<ref>[http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/aphisdocs/06_335101r_nds.pdf APHIS approval]</ref> Onye bụbu CSO nọ ugbu a na ụlọ ọrụ ọzọ; o yiri ka Novoplant enweghị azụmahịa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.affitech.com/about-us/management-team/sergej-m-kiprijanov |title=Kiprijanov biography |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2015-09-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914180734/http://www.affitech.com/about-us/management-team/sergej-m-kiprijanov }}</ref> * Monsanto Company - a gbahapụrụ mmepe nke ọka na-emepụta ọgwụ * PPL Therapeutics - Alpha 1-antitrypsin maka cystic fibrosis na emphysema na mmiri ara atụrụ. Nke a bụ ụlọ ọrụ mepụtara Dolly the Sheep, anụmanụ mbụ e mepụtara. Ọ dara ogbenye n'afọ 2004. Pharming na otu ndị na-etinye ego gụnyere Mahadum nke Pittsburgh Medical Center nwetara ihe onwunwe.<ref name="PPL-Press"/><ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/stories/2003/04/07/daily30.html?page=all UPMC buys PPL assets]</ref> * SemBioSys - Insulin na safflower. Na Mee 2012, SemBioSys kwụsịrị ọrụ ya.<ref name="BankruptcyAnnouncement">{{Cite web |url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/975453/sembiosys-announces-first-quarter-results-and-provides-update-on-activities |title=Press release May 15, 2012: SemBioSys Announces First Quarter Results and Provides Update on Activities |accessdate=August 10, 2024 |archivedate=August 15, 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815152432/http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/975453/sembiosys-announces-first-quarter-results-and-provides-update-on-activities }}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Biopharmaceutical * Mgbanwe nke ndụ * Ihe dị ndụ a gbanwere site na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa * Polly na Molly * International Center for Technology Assessment == Ebem si dee == {{Reflist|33em}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] h3lsm3wjcnqgaz21812l0prv7u5qiap 0 50808 628622 183477 2026-04-01T23:08:02Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628622 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn">Pádraic Delaney</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A mụrụ ya | class="infobox-data" |<span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1977-11-06</span>) </span>6 Nọvemba 1977 (afọ 46) <br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Adamstown, Wexford|Adamstown]], County Wexford, Ireland</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mmụta | class="infobox-data" |[[Trinity College Dublin]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ọrụ | class="infobox-data role" |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri |} '''Pádraic Delaney''' (amụrụ na 6 Nọvemba 1977) bụ onye Irish na-eme ihe nkiri nke a maara maka igwu egwu Teddy O'Donovan na ihe nkiri Ken Loach The Wind That Shakes the Barley, nke o nwetara nhọpụta IFTA yana aha Irish Shooting Star maka 2007 Berlin Film Festival. Na mgbakwunye, a maara ya maka ọrụ ya dị ka onye isi obodo England Lord George Boleyn, nwanne di nke Eze Henry nke Asatọ nke England na Showtime's The Tudors . == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Delaney na nne na nna Sheelagh na Michael Delaney. O nwere ụmụnne nwoke atọ tọrọ ya pphilipp, Conor na Emmett na ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ tọrọ taceey na Gemma. Ọ gara ccolaiste abb He originally studied engineering before dropping out after four months. He later Gaa ọmụmụ ihe na Beckett center na and graduated with a bachelor of Arts degree in Trinity College Dublin<ref>{{Cite web|work=[[Gorey Guardian]]|url=https://www.independent.ie/regionals/goreyguardian/news/padraic-lands-tv-role-as-hero-knight-35042972.html|title=Pádraic lands TV role as hero knight|first=David|author=Looby|date=17 September 2016}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ọ malitere ime ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri, na-eme ihe nkiri na ''Hamlet'', The Madman and the Nun, A Midsummer Night's Dream na The Hollow in the Sand. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Delaney gbakwunyere ihe nkiri na-eme ihe nkiri na nzaghachi ya, na-eme na ihe nkiri mkpirikpi nke 2003 An Cuainín, na 2005 na-apụta na usoro telivishọn Irish Pure Mule na The Clinic . Ọ gara n'ihu na-eduzi na usoro RTÉ Legend . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2 September 2006|first=Arminta|author=Wallace|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/living-legends-1.997765|title=Living legends|work=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ n'afọ 2006 ka ọ pụtara n'ihu ndị na-ege ntị mba ụwa dị ka onye Irish na-eme mgbanwe Teddy O'Donovan na Ken Loach's The Wind That Shakes the Barley, n'ihu Cillian Murphy. Ihe nkiri ahụ meriri Palme D'Or na 2006 Cannes Film Festival, a họpụtakwara Delaney maka ihe nrite abụọ nke 2007 Irish Film and Television Awards: Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na ọrụ nkwado na talent ọganihu.<ref name="RTVE" /> A na-asọpụrụ Delaney dị ka Irish Shooting Star maka 2007 site na Berlin International Film Festival.<ref name="Shooting Star">{{Cite news|url=http://www.breakingnews.ie/2007/01/09/story292639.html|title=Irish actor to be honoured at Berlin Film Festival|work=[[BreakingNews.ie]]|date=9 January 2007}}</ref> Delaney bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke usoro Showtime The Tudors nke ọ na-eme nwanne Anne Boleyn George ya na Jonathan Rhys Meyers dị ka Eze Henry nke Asatọ. <ref name="RTVE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/television/20100817/george-bolena-interpretado-padraic-delaney/347246.shtml|title=George Bolena, interpretado por Pádraic Delaney|date=17 August 2010|work=[[RTVE.es]]|language=es}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.rtve.es/television/20100817/george-bolena-interpretado-padraic-delaney/347246.shtml "George Bolena, interpretado por Pádraic Delaney"] &#x5B;George Boleyn, played by Padraic Delaney&#x5D;. ''[[RTVE.es]]'' (in Spanish). 17 August 2010.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref><ref name="Showtime">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sho.com/the-tudors|archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090628084026/http://www.sho.com/site/tudors/home.do|title=The Tudors (Official Series Site) Watch on Showtime|archivedate=28 June 2009|work=[[Sho.com]]}}</ref> Na ngwụcha afọ 2007, Delaney pụtara n'elu ikpo okwu na Tricycle Theatre na ọrụ Nna Flynn na egwuregwu John Patrick Shanley bụ Doubt: A Parable . Ya na Cillian Murphy na Liam Cunningham jikọtara na 2009, ndị otu ya na The Wind That Shakes The Barley, maka ihe ọchị Perriers Bounty . N'afọ 2010, o mere ihe nkiri nke Sundance na ọdịda anyanwụ ''Blackthorn'' n'akụkụ Sam Shepard, Eduardo Noriega, Stephen Rea na Nikolaj Coster-Waldau. N'agbata afọ 2013 na afọ 2014, ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri ọchị ọchị nke Martin McDonagh The Cripple of Inishmaan n'akụkụ Daniel Radcliffe, nke malitere na West End nke London wee kwaga Broadway. N'afọ 2015, ya na Dev Patel na Jeremy Irons gbara na The Man Who Knew Infinity . Delaney rụrụ ọrụ na Jeremy Renner's Knightfall, nke gosipụtara na 2017. Delaney bi na [[London]], England.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |2006 |Ifufe nke Na-eme Ka Barley Na-ama |Teddy O'Donovan | |- |2008 |''Iden'' |Eoghan | |- |2009 |''Onyinye Perrier'' |Shamie | |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |''Isztambul'' |András, Zsófi ferje | |- |<nowiki><i id="mwhg">Blackthorn</i></nowiki> |Sundance | |- |2012 |''Ihe Richard mere'' |Pat Kilroy | |- |2013 |''Mmetụta Ọchịchịrị'' |Lucas Galin | |- |2015 |<nowiki><i id="mwmw">Nwoke ahụ maara Enweghị Ngwụcha</i></nowiki> |Beglan | |- |2018 |''Onye Akaebe'' |Vince Harrington | |- |2021 |''Ụgbọ mmiri'' |William Russell | |- |2023 |''Nzukọ Ikpeazụ Freud'' |Warren Lewis | |} === Telivishọn === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |2005 |''Ịnyịnya ibu Dị Ọcha'' |Mauritius |Ihe omume 2 |- |2005 |<nowiki><i id="mwxg">Ụlọ Ọgwụ</i></nowiki> |Andrew McLoughlin |Ihe omume #3.7 |- |2006 |<nowiki><i id="mwzQ">Akụkọ ifo</i></nowiki> |Fred 'Fridge' Gogan |Ihe omume 6 |- |2007–2008 |''Ndị Tudor'' |George Boleyn |Ihe omume iri na isii |- |2009 |<nowiki><i id="mw3A">Otu Aka</i></nowiki> |Michael Casey |Ihe omume 2 |- |2010 |''Mgbe Harvey zutere Bob'' |Andy Zweck |Ihe nkiri telivishọn |- |2010–2011 |<nowiki><i id="mw6g">Raw</i></nowiki> |Ray Cronin |Ihe omume 6 |- |2013 |''Nnọchibido ahụ na 1922'' |Padraig O'Connor |Ihe nkiri telivishọn |- |2017–2019 |<nowiki><i id="mw9w">Ịda mbà</i></nowiki> |Gawain |Ihe omume iri na asatọ |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] phjo8yi56azdiavcpjcy2cghe9pcvzf 0 51342 628679 621513 2026-04-02T11:42:40Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628679 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Dario Bergamelli''' (amụrụ 26 Eprel 1987) bụ onye [[Footbọl|egwuregwu bọọlụ]] Italy na-egwu egwu dịka onye na-agbachitere . == Akụkọ ndụ == Mgbe AlbinoLeffe kwụsịrị na 2012, Bergamelli sonyeere ụlọ ọgbakọ Serie B Reggina Calcio, yana Mehmet Hetemaj . Na June 2013 Reggina ewepụghị nhọrọ ịbanye ha kpam kpam. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.albinoleffe.com/albinoleffe-news/5932-la-parola-ai-tecnici-il-punto-sul-mercato-col-ds-valoti.html|title=La parola ai tecnici: il punto sul mercato col DS Valoti|date=25 June 2013|accessdate=10 June 2014|publisher=UC AlbinoLeffe|language=Italian}}</ref> Na 2013 Bergamelli bụ US Cremonese bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nwa oge. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.albinoleffe.com/societa/archivio-news/6057-bergamelli-alla-cremonese-e-chimini-al-monza.html|title=Bergamelli alla Cremonese e Chimini al Monza|date=6 August 2013|accessdate=8 March 2014|publisher=UC AlbinoLeffe|language=Italian}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.uscremonese.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2198%3Adario-bergamelli-in-grigiorosso&catid=1%3Alatest-news|title=Dario Bergamelli in grigiorosso|date=8 August 2013|accessdate=10 June 2014|publisher=US Cremonese|language=Italian}}</ref> === Novara === Na July 2014, Bergamelli bịanyere aka na Novara Calcio na nkwekọrịta afọ 2. === Catania === Na 16 Septemba 2015, e rere Bergamelli na Garufo nye Catania . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.calciocatania.it/article.php?id=31798|title=Dario Bergamelli al Catania: il difensore si è legato al nostro club fino al 30 giugno 2017|date=16 September 2015|accessdate=19 September 2015|publisher=Calcio Catania|language=Italian|archivedate=10 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810205410/http://www.calciocatania.it/article.php?id=31798}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.novaracalcio.com/portal/IT/handle/?page=media_ufficiostampa_notizie&vn=7009|title=UFFICIALE: DARIO BERGAMELLI SI TRASFERISCE AL CATANIA|date=16 September 2015|accessdate=19 September 2015|publisher=Novara Calcio|language=Italian|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20150917115103/http://www.novaracalcio.com/portal/IT/handle/?page=media_ufficiostampa_notizie&vn=7009|archivedate=17 September 2015}}</ref> === Ternana === Na 31 Ọgọst 2021, nkwekọrịta ya na Ternana kwụsịrị site na nkwenye ọnụ. <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[Ternana Calcio|Ternana]]|url=https://ternanacalcio.com/risoluzione-consensuale-per-dario-bergamelli/|title=Risoluzione consensuale per Dario Bergamelli|date=31 August 2021|accessdate=9 November 2021|language=it}}</ref> == Ntụaka == yana Mehmet Hetemaj . Na June 2013 Reggina ewepụghị nhọrọ{{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bergamelli, Dario}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] o7ue7dmn5ptgprgblzr232enu70pm0d 0 51439 628677 621508 2026-04-02T11:29:06Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628677 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Dario Marcolin''' (amụrụ 28 Ọktoba 1971) bụ onye nchịkwa [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] Italiantali na onye bụbu onye ọkpụkpọ, onye gbara egwu dị ka onye ọkpọ egwuregwu . Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka egwuregwu bọọlụ mgbe ọ lara ezumike nka. == Ọrụ klọb == A mụrụ Marcolin na Brescia . N'oge ọrụ ya, ọ na-egwuri egwu maka Cremonese, Lazio, Cagliari, Genoa, Blackburn Rovers (ebe ọ meriri otu ugboro megide Manchester United na Old Trafford ), <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football-beckham-still-petulant-as-ever-1185364.html|title=Beckham still petulant as ever|work=[[The Independent]]|date=14 November 1998|accessdate=12 November 2009|first=Phil|author=Shaw}}</ref> Sampdoria, Piacenza, Napoli, na AC Palazzolo 1913 . <ref name="Alla Samp in tempi bui. Auguri a Dario Marcolin">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sampdorianews.net/i-colori-dei-nostri-campioni/alla-samp-in-tempi-bui-auguri-a-dario-marcolin-23361|title=Alla Samp in tempi bui. Auguri a Dario Marcolin|publisher=Sampdoria News|language=it|author=Serena Timossi|date=28 October 2011|accessdate=16 October 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSerena_Timossi2011">Serena Timossi (28 October 2011). [http://www.sampdorianews.net/i-colori-dei-nostri-campioni/alla-samp-in-tempi-bui-auguri-a-dario-marcolin-23361 "Alla Samp in tempi bui. Auguri a Dario Marcolin"] (in Italian). Sampdoria News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)]]</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Na ọkwa mba ụwa, ọ dịghị mgbe Marcolin kpuchiri elu na ọkwa dị elu, ma na-anọchi anya Italy n'okpuru-21 n'akụkụ 22 ugboro, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.figc.it/nazionali/DettaglioConvocato?codiceConvocato=635&squadra=1|title=Marcolin, Dario|publisher=FIGC|language=it|accessdate=16 October 2015}}</ref> na-eme mpụta mbụ ya na 1991 n'akụkụ onye òtù ọlụlụ Cremonese Mauro Bonomi, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1991/09/25/melli-riparte-dalla-under-21.html|title=MELLI RIPARTE DALLA UNDER 21|publisher=La Repubblica|language=it|date=25 September 1991|accessdate=16 October 2015}}</ref> wee merie UEFA European Under-21. Asọmpi n'afọ 1992, <ref name="L' ITALIA TORNA CAMPIONE">{{Cite web|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1992/06/04/italia-torna-campione.html|title=L' ITALIA TORNA CAMPIONE|publisher=La Repubblica|language=it|author=VITTORIO ZAMBARDINO|date=4 June 1992|accessdate=16 October 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFVITTORIO_ZAMBARDINO1992">VITTORIO ZAMBARDINO (4 June 1992). [http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1992/06/04/italia-torna-campione.html "L' ITALIA TORNA CAMPIONE"] (in Italian). La Repubblica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)]]</ref> na n'afọ 1994, bụ ebe akpọrọ ya onyeisi ndị otu egwuregwu. <ref name="L' UNDER SENZA PACE">{{Cite web|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1994/04/19/under-senza-pace.html|title=L' UNDER SENZA PACE|publisher=La Repubblica|language=it|author=VITTORIO ZAMBARDINO|date=19 April 1994|accessdate=16 October 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFVITTORIO_ZAMBARDINO1994">VITTORIO ZAMBARDINO (19 April 1994). [http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1994/04/19/under-senza-pace.html "L' UNDER SENZA PACE"] (in Italian). La Repubblica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)]]</ref> Ọ gbakwara egwu na asọmpi bọọlụ Olympic 1992 . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1992/06/23/olimpiadi-un-posto-per-orlando.html|title=OLIMPIADI, UN POSTO PER ORLANDO|publisher=La Repubblica|language=it|date=23 June 1992|accessdate=16 October 2015}}</ref> Na 12 July 2012, a họpụtara ya onye isi nchịkwa ọhụrụ nke Serie B n'akụkụ Modena . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.modenafc.net/site/it-IT/News/?id=4515|language=it|publisher=Modena Football Club|accessdate=14 October 2012|date=16 July 2012|title=Presentato Dario Marcolin, nuovo Allenatore del Modena F.C.}}</ref> Na July 2013 ọ weghaara na ụlọ ọrụ Serie B ọzọ, Padova, na-anọchi Fulvio Pea na isi nke ndị Venetian nwere ọchịchọ, <ref>{{Cite news|language=it|accessdate=6 July 2013|date=3 July 2013|url=http://www.padovacalcio.it/news/2013/0-News/5855-alessio_secco_nuovo_diesse_del_calcio_padova_panchina_affidata_a_dario_marcolin|title=ALESSIO SECCO NUOVO DIESSE DEL CALCIO PADOVA, PANCHINA AFFIDATA A DARIO MARCOLIN|publisher=Calcio Padova}}</ref> ma a chụrụ ya na 28 September 2013 n'ihi nsonaazụ adịghị mma. Na 3 Jenụwarị 2015, a kpọrọ ya onye nchịkwa ọhụrụ nke ndị na-agba mgba Serie B Catania . <ref name="marcolin_catania">{{Cite news|url=http://www.calciocatania.it/article.php?id=31225&l=|language=it|accessdate=3 January 2015|publisher=Calcio Catania|date=3 January 2015|title=Dario Marcolin alla guida del Catania, Maurizio Pellegrino torna a dirigere il Settore Giovanile}}</ref> == Nkwanye ugwu == === Onye ọkpụkpọ === ==== Klọb ==== '''Lazio''' <ref name="Alla Samp in tempi bui. Auguri a Dario Marcolin" /> * Serie A : 1999–2000 * Coppa Italia : 1997–98, 1999–2000 * Supercoppa Italiana : 1998, 2000 * UEFA Super Cup : 1999 ==== Mba ụwa ==== '''Italy n'okpuru-21''' * UEFA European Under-21 Asọmpi : 1992, <ref name="L' ITALIA TORNA CAMPIONE" /> == Ntụaka == na 1991 n'akụkụ onye òtù ọlụlụ Cremonese Mauro Bonomi, [4] wee merie UEFA European{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{DEFAULTSORT:Marcolin, Dario}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2oi3xnc49xj3e4cv3sw2vzrewuzwzwe 0 52925 628633 364693 2026-04-02T01:37:28Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628633 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dr Sabrina Cohen-Hatton-London Fire Brigade, UK.jpg|thumb|Sabrina Cohen-Hatton]] '''Sabrina Rachel Cohen-Hatton KFSM''' (amụrụ 1983) bụ onye mgbanyụ ọkụ Britain, ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ na onye edemede. Ọ bụ onye isi ọkụ ọkụ nke West Sussex Fire and Rescue Service. N'afọ 2019, ahọpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime Marie Claire's Future Shapers wee gosipụta ya na diski Desert Island. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Cohen-Hatton ma zụlite na Marshfield, Newport, South Wales.[1] Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Bassaleg.[1] Nne ya sitere na ihe nketa ndị Juu na nna ya mụrụ na Israel nye nne na nna Moroccan-Juu, ma ezinụlọ ahụ ejikọtaghị na obodo ndị Juu na Wales ma ọ bụ gaa n'ụlọ nzukọ. Otú ọ dị, e liri nna ya n'ebe a na-eli ozu ndị Juu.[2] Mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, Cohen-Hatton ghọrọ onye na-enweghị ebe obibi mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị n'ihi ụbụrụ ụbụrụ.[2] Ụlọ akwụkwọ ya maara na ya anọghị n'ụlọ, ma ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla iji kwado ya. Ha kwusikwara ike na ọ ga-eyi wig iji kpuchie ntutu isi ya n'oge ule GCSE ya.[2] N'oge enweghị ebe obibi ya, ọ rere The Big Issue wee rahụ n'okporo ụzọ Newport, Wales. Na ngwụcha ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ya, ọ na-ehi ụra n'ụlọ a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thejc.com/lifestyle/features/sabrina-cohen-hatton-from-homeless-teen-to-fire-chief-1.487003|author=Frazer, Jenny|title='I was a homeless teen, but now I'm a firefighter with a PhD'|work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]]|date=1 August 2019|accessdate=29 September 2019}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFFrazer,_Jenny2019">Frazer, Jenny (1 August 2019). [https://www.thejc.com/lifestyle/features/sabrina-cohen-hatton-from-homeless-teen-to-fire-chief-1.487003 "'I was a homeless teen, but now I'm a firefighter with a PhD'"]. ''[[Ihe ndekọ Ndị Juu|The Jewish Chronicle]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> N'oge ọ nọrọ n'okporo ámá, Cohen-Hatton tara ahụhụ site na mwakpo ndị na-emegide ndị Juu.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/sabirna-cohen-hatton-book-firefighter-16169589|title=The homeless girl who became one of the UK's top firefighters|author=Deacon|first=Thomas|date=23 April 2019|work=WalesOnline|accessdate=29 September 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDeacon2019">Deacon, Thomas (23 April 2019). [https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/sabirna-cohen-hatton-book-firefighter-16169589 "The homeless girl who became one of the UK's top firefighters"]. ''WalesOnline''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Ruo ihe dị ka afọ abụọ, ọ na-ehi ụra siri ike ma ọ bụ na-anọ n'ụlọ. O were ya ọtụtụ mgbalị iji si n'okporo ámá banye n'ebe obibi dị nchebe, gụnyere iwepụta oge na-ehi ụra na van.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bigissue.com/interviews/i-was-living-on-the-streets-at-15-the-big-issue-saved-me/|title=I was living on the streets at 15. The Big Issue saved me|date=4 December 2019|work=[[The Big Issue]]|accessdate=18 December 2019}}</ref> Ọ sonyeere ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ na South Wales na 2001 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/authors/1082529/dr-sabrina-cohen-hatton.html?tab=penguin-books|title=Dr Sabrina Cohen-Hatton|work=penguin.co.uk|accessdate=29 September 2019}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ na-agbanyụ ọkụ na ọdụ ahụ. Mgbe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye na-agbanyụ ọkụ, ọ gụsịrị nzere bachelọ na nkà mmụta akparamàgwà mmadụ na Mahadum Open, mechaa mechaa mezue PhD na ụlọ nyocha akparamụrụngwa na Mahadum Cardiff na 2013. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/firefighters-able-run-toward-danger-14330723|title=Why firefighters can run toward danger – woman's fascinating PhD|author=Deacon|first=Thomas|date=24 February 2018|work=walesonline|accessdate=29 September 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDeacon2018">Deacon, Thomas (24 February 2018). [https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/firefighters-able-run-toward-danger-14330723 "Why firefighters can run toward danger – woman's fascinating PhD"]. ''walesonline''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Kemgbe ahụ ọ ghọrọ onye nnọchi anya The Big Issue ma kwuo na ọ zọpụtara ndụ ya.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itv.com/news/2019-04-15/firefighter-who-lived-on-streets-becomes-big-issue-ambassador/|title=Senior firefighter who spent her teenage years homeless appointed ambassador for The Big Issue to inspire others|work=[[ITV News]]|date=15 April 2019|accessdate=29 September 2019}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Di Cohen-Hatton bụkwa onye mgbanyụ ọkụ. N'ajụjụ ọnụ, ọ chetara oge ọ zaghachiri ọkụ wee chọta onye ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ merụrụ ahụ nke ukwuu nke o chere na ọ bụ di ya. Ọ bụghị, ọ na-ekwukwa na ahụmịhe ahụ na-akwalite mmasị ya n'ibelata njehie mmadụ na ime ka ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ dị nchebe karị. Nke a bụkwa ihe na-akpali ya ịmụ nkà mmụta akparamàgwà mmadụ.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":0"/> N'ịgbaso PhD ya, ọ malitere iduzi nyocha maka National Fire Chiefs Council (CFOA n'oge ahụ). Ọrụ nyocha ya tinyere kamera okpu maka ndị ọchịagha na-eme ihe ka ha na-apụ na ihe omume. Nnyocha ya chọpụtara na 80% nke mkpebi ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ mere bụ n'ihi eriri afọ, na 20% ndị ọzọ n'ihi usoro nyocha.<ref name=":0" /> Nnyocha nke Cohen-Hatton mere ka usoro nchịkwa mkpebi ọhụrụ na-enyere ndị isi aka ịtụle ihe mgbaru ọsọ, nsonaazụ na ihe ize ndụ ndị ha na-enwe n'okpuru nrụgide.[1] Ọ chọpụtara na ọ bụrụ na ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ na-ekere òkè n'ịzụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọchịagha na-arụ ọrụ na ọkwa kachasị mkpa nke mmata ọnọdụ mụbara ruo ugboro ise.[2].<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Cohen-Hatton|first=Sabrina R.|date=2015|title=Goal-oriented training affects decision-making processes in virtual and simulated fire and rescue environments|journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied|volume=21|issue=4|pages=395–406|doi=10.1037/xap0000061|pmid=26523338|issn=1939-2192|url=http://orca.cf.ac.uk/83528/1/IOA-20152016-44.pdf}}</ref> Dị ka akụkụ nke nyocha ya, Cohen-Hatton nyochara usoro ọzụzụ dị iche iche, gụnyere eziokwu, ọzụzụ ọkụ na ọkụ ọkụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apa.org/monitor/2018/05/conversation-cohen-hatton|title=5 questions for Sabrina Cohen-Hatton|work=apa.org|accessdate=29 September 2019}}</ref> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ PhD ya.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/surrey-fire-boss-went-living-16171519|title='Another life': Surrey fire boss lived on streets for two years|author=Deacon|first=Thomas|date=2019-04-24|work=getsurrey.co.uk|accessdate=29 September 2019}}</ref> Ọrụ ya nyere aka ịkpụzi iwu ọrụ ọkụ nke mba ma gwa National Fire Chiefs Council.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.spiritfm.net/news/sussex-news/2945323/new-chief-fire-officer-appointed-at-west-sussex-fire-and-rescue/|title=New Chief Fire Officer appointed at West Sussex Fire and Rescue|date=2 September 2019|work=Spirit FM|language=en|accessdate=29 September 2019}}</ref> Ọ na-ahụ maka otu nyocha na Mahadum Cardiff na [[Rob Honey]], nke National Fire Chiefs Council kwadoro, nke na-atụle ime mkpebi na gburugburu ọrụ mberede.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.cardiff.ac.uk/innovation/2018/10/10/meet-our-innovators-sabrina-cohen-hatton/|title=Meet our innovators – Sabrina Cohen-Hatton|date=10 October 2018|work=[[Cardiff University]]|accessdate=30 September 2019}}</ref> Naanị 3.1% ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ na Britain bụ ụmụ nwanyị, Cohen-Hatton na-arụkwa ọrụ iji kpalie ụmụ agbọghọ ka ha bụrụ ndị ọkụ ọkụ.[1] [2] Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnyemaaka kọmishọna akwadoro onye na-ahụ maka ndị ọrụ nchekwa na ọkụ & ọrụ nnapụta ya na dịka onye osote onye enyemaka kọmishọna maka ọkụ ọkụ London.[3] Akwụkwọ nke mbụ ya, The Heat of the Moment, bụ Penguin Books bipụtara na 2019.[4] A họpụtara ya onye isi ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ nke West Sussex Fire and Rescue Service na 2019. Na Septemba 2019, Cohen-Hatton bụ onye ọbịa na BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs, na-ahọrọ "Bankrobber" nke The Clash, The Old Man and the Sea nke Ernest Hemingway, na foto album dị ka egwu, akwụkwọ, na ihe okomoko ọ họọrọ. <ref name="did">{{Cite web|first=Lauren|author=Laverne|year=2019|publisher=[[BBC]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0008xy6|title=Desert Island Discs, Sabrina Cohen-Hatton, firefighter|work=BBC Radio 4|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-09-29}}</ref> === Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ === * 2013 Cardiff University Jury Research Prize<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://bbsrc.ukri.org/documents/behavioural-neuroscience-improves-firefighter-decision-making/|title=Behavioural neuroscience improves firefighter decision-making|author=Cohen-Hatton|first=Sabrina|work=BBSRC|accessdate=2019-09-30|archivedate=2019-09-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930160217/https://bbsrc.ukri.org/documents/behavioural-neuroscience-improves-firefighter-decision-making/}}</ref> * 2014 FIRE/GORE Research Excellence prize<ref name=":7" /><ref name="firechiefs">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalfirechiefs.org.uk/news/Page-1/honorary-fellowship-for-ground-breaking-incident-command-research/205718|title=Honorary fellowship for ground-breaking incident command research|work=www.nationalfirechiefs.org.uk|accessdate=2024-10-07|archivedate=2019-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002192656/https://www.nationalfirechiefs.org.uk/news/Page-1/honorary-fellowship-for-ground-breaking-incident-command-research/205718}}</ref> * 2016 American Psychological Association Early Career Award site na Society for Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Science <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.london-fire.gov.uk/news/2017-news/senior-woman-firefighter-awarded-for-changing-the-way-the-brigade-thinks-about-fire/|title=Senior woman firefighter awarded for changing the way the Brigade thinks about fire|work=london-fire.gov.uk|accessdate=29 September 2019|archivedate=29 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929212554/https://www.london-fire.gov.uk/news/2017-news/senior-woman-firefighter-awarded-for-changing-the-way-the-brigade-thinks-about-fire/}}</ref> * 2017 People's Choice Award na Cardiff University Innovation and Impact Awards <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/news/view/1186511-innovator-of-the-year|title=Innovator of the Year|work=Cardiff University|language=en|accessdate=29 September 2019}}</ref> * 2018 Biotechnology na Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Innovator of the Year award <ref name=":6" /> * 2018 American Psychological Association Raymond Nickerson Best Paper Award <ref name=":5" /> * 2018 Honorary Fellowship na Mahadum Cardiff * 2018 Cosmopolitan Millennial Power Ndepụta <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr Sabrina Cohen-Hatton, 35|url=https://www.pressreader.com/uk/cosmopolitan-uk/20180701/283296048247441|publisher=[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]|accessdate=5 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112202614/https://www.pressreader.com/uk/cosmopolitan-uk/20180701/283296048247441|archivedate=Jan 12, 2020|language=en|date=2018-07-01}}</ref> * 2019 Marie Claire Future Shaper * 2020 The Big Issue Top 100 Changemakers ndepụta, Top Campaigner <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bigissue.com/latest/top-100-changemakers-celebrating-the-thinkers-creators-and-agitators/|title=Top 100 Changemakers: Celebrating the thinkers, creators and agitators|date=2020-01-06|work=The Big Issue|language=en|accessdate=6 January 2020}}</ref> * 2020 [[Nlekọta ndị Juu]] nke Ihe Dị Iche <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr Sabrina Cohen-Hatton receives Woman of Distinction Award|url=https://www.jewishcare.org/news/1488-dr-sabrina-cohenhatton-receives-woman-of-distinction-award|accessdate=2022-01-07|work=www.jewishcare.org|language=en|archivedate=2022-01-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107181525/https://www.jewishcare.org/news/1488-dr-sabrina-cohenhatton-receives-woman-of-distinction-award}}</ref> * 2021 Honorary Doctor of Science Award na Royal Holloway University <ref>{{Cite web|title=[28]|url=https://intranet.royalholloway.ac.uk/staff/news-events/news-articles/2021/july/honorary-conferrals.aspx|accessdate=2024-10-07|archivedate=2022-01-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107181955/https://intranet.royalholloway.ac.uk/staff/news-events/news-articles/2021/july/honorary-conferrals.aspx}}</ref> * 2022 Degree nsọpụrụ nke Doctor nke Mahadum, nke Mahadum Open na Wales nyere <ref> https://twitter.com/oucymru/status/1588593321097986048?s=46&t=ytEMuW__1BSt95pLFbKeZA</ref> * 2024 King's Fire Service Medal (KFSM) na 2024 Birthday Honours == Ndụ onwe onye == Cohen-Hatton lụrụ onye ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ Mike Hatton ma ha nwere nwa nwanyị.<ref name=":1"/> Ọ na-edebe nkịta Xolo.<ref name="waterstones.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.waterstones.com/book/9780857525765?awc=3787_1569788988_6e6d9d858c94a30086fde1ee932d8557|title=The Heat of the Moment by Dr Sabrina Cohen-Hatton {{!}} Waterstones|work=waterstones.com|language=en|accessdate=29 September 2019}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 4tltkfw8p609liqufuxxcqzkb4wo870 0 53023 628552 190006 2026-04-01T14:23:10Z Geraldine Kene 23189 Fixed reference error 628552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Maria Pilar Calvo i Gómez''' (amụrụ 3 Mee 1963) bụ onye nta akụkọ Spanish, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye otu Congress of Deputies of [[Spain]] . == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Calvo na 3 Mee 1963 na Barcelona, [[Spain]] . <ref name="CoDXIV" /><ref>{{Cite news|author=Lillo|first=Manuel|title=Pilar Calvo: "Trigarem una generació a recuperar-nos de la marxa de Messi"|url=https://www.eltemps.cat/article/11201/entrevista-pilar-calvo-messi|accessdate=4 April 2021|work=[[El Temps]]|date=31 August 2020|language=Catalan}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Calvo bụ onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu ma bụrụ onye so na Association of Journalists of Catalonia (Col·legi de Periodistes de Catalunya) kemgbe 1989. <ref name="CoDXIV">{{Cite web|title=Organización de la Cámara: Diputadas y diputados - XIV Legislatura (2019-Actualidad) - Calvo Gómez, Pilar|url=https://www.congreso.es/web/guest/busqueda-de-diputados?p_p_id=diputadomodule&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_diputadomodule_mostrarFicha=true&codParlamentario=381&idLegislatura=XIV&mostrarAgenda=false|publisher=[[Congress of Deputies]]|accessdate=4 April 2021|language=Spanish}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.congreso.es/web/guest/busqueda-de-diputados?p_p_id=diputadomodule&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_diputadomodule_mostrarFicha=true&codParlamentario=381&idLegislatura=XIV&mostrarAgenda=false "Organización de la Cámara: Diputadas y diputados - XIV Legislatura (2019-Actualidad) - Calvo Gómez, Pilar"] (in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: [[Congress of Deputies]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> <ref name="ND091220">{{Cite news|author=Velert Irles|first=Jordi|title=Les noves cares al territori del partit de Puigdemont|url=https://www.naciodigital.cat/noticia/211387/noves-cares-al-territori-partit-puigdemont|accessdate=4 April 2021|work=Nació Digital|date=9 December 2020|language=Catalan}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị iche iche gụnyere Catalunya Ràdio na TV3 . <ref name="CG160321">{{Cite news|title=La periodista Pilar Calvo sustituye a Laura Borràs en el Congreso|url=https://cronicaglobal.elespanol.com/politica/periodista-pilar-calvo-sustituye-laura-borras-congreso_458590_102.html|accessdate=4 April 2021|work=Crónica Global|date=16 March 2021|language=Spanish}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Subirana|first=Jordi|title=La periodista Pilar Calvo será la número 8 de la lista de Forn|url=https://www.metropoliabierta.com/informacion-municipal/calvo-lista-forn_15844_102.html|accessdate=4 April 2021|work=Metropoli|date=17 April 2019|language=Spanish}}</ref> Ọrụ ya na ngalaba egwuregwu Catalunya Ràdio malitere mgbe e guzobere ọdụ ụgbọ ahụ na 1983. <ref name="TV3">{{Cite web|title=Les periodistes esportives. Pilar Calvo|url=https://www.ccma.cat/catradio/les-periodistes-esportives-pilar-calvo/noticia/2906555/|publisher=[[TV3 (Catalonia)|TV3]]|accessdate=4 April 2021|language=Catalan|date=8 March 2019}}</ref> O nyere akụkọ kwa ụbọchị na FC Barcelona na afọ 13 ọ sonyere na ihe ngosi ''Futbol a Catalunya Ràdio'' . <ref name="TV3" /> <ref name="GR180419">{{Cite news|title=Pilar Calvo, ex Catalunya Ràdio y TV3, octava en la lista de JxCat|url=http://guiadelaradio.com/pilar-calvo-ex-catalunya-radio-y-tv3-octava-en-la-lista-de-jxcat|accessdate=4 April 2021|work=Guía de la Radio|date=18 April 2019|language=Spanish}}</ref> Ọ kwagara na TV3 ebe o gosipụtara mmemme dịka ''Gol a Gol'', ''Entorn'' na ''Tres punts'' . <ref name="TV3" /> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-enyere aka mmepụta maka Televisión Española na akụkọ ederede maka ''egwuregwu'', ''El Periódico de Catalunya'' na ''Futari'' . <ref name="TV3" /> Ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka nkwado na Gestora Clubs DiR, SL. <ref name="TV3" /> N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na mpaghara dị iche iche na China, Europe na South America ma bụrụ onye mmekọ na Esportia, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka egwuregwu eletrọnịkị. <ref name="ND091220" /> <ref name="TV3" /> Na ntuli aka ime obodo nke 2019, etinyere ya nke asatọ na aha JxCat nke ndị ga-eme ntuli aka na Barcelona, mana njikọ ahụ jisiri ike nweta oche ise n'obodo ahụ, n'ihi ya, ọ gaghị ahọpụta ya. <ref name="le19">{{Cite web|title=Consulta de Resultados Electorales: Municipales / Mayo 2019 – Mun. Barcelona|url=http://www.infoelectoral.mir.es/infoelectoral/min/busquedaAvanzadaAction.html|publisher=[[Ministry of the Interior (Spain)|Ministry of the Interior]]|accessdate=4 April 2021|language=Spanish}}</ref> Na ntuli aka izugbe nke ọnwa Nọvemba 2019, etinyere ya nke asaa na ndepụta JxCat nke ndị ga-eme ntuli aka na Province nke Barcelona mana njikọ ahụ jisiri ike nweta oche anọ na mpaghara na n'ihi nke a, ọ meriri ntuli aka. <ref name="ge1911">{{Cite web|title=Consulta de Resultados Electorales: Congresso / Noviembre 2019|url=http://www.infoelectoral.mir.es/infoelectoral/min/busquedaAvanzadaAction.html|publisher=[[Ministry of the Interior (Spain)|Ministry of the Interior]]|accessdate=4 April 2021|language=Spanish}}</ref> Agbanyeghị, na Machị 2021, a họpụtara ya na Congress of Deputies na-esote ntuli aka nke Laura Borràs na nzuko omeiwu nke Catalonia . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Pilar Calvo pren possessió de l'escó al Congrés en substitució de Borràs|url=https://www.elnacional.cat/ca/politica/pilar-calvo-esco-congres-borras_592406_102.html|accessdate=4 April 2021|work=El Nacional|date=16 March 2021|language=Catalan}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Serra|first=Ot|title=El Suprem inicia els tràmits per traslladar la causa de Borràs a Catalunya|url=https://www.ara.cat/politica/suprem-inicia-tramits-traslladar-causa-borras-catalunya_1_3904373.html|accessdate=4 April 2021|work=[[Ara (newspaper)|Ara]]|date=17 March 2021|language=Catalan}}</ref> == Akụkọ ntuli aka == == Ntụaka == 2019, etinyere ya nke asaa na ndepụta JxCat nke ndị ga-eme ntuli aka na Province nke Barcelona mana njikọ ahụ jisiri ike nweta oche anọ{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ne0mv66qu9zqgqf7ka96blacrj8fiss 0 53925 628571 191828 2026-04-01T19:18:46Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Penelope Bradshaw''' (?–1754?) bụ onye Britain chịkọtara akwụkwọ osi nri nke amara n'okpuru aha dị iche iche gụnyere The Valuable Family Jewel na Bradshaw's Valuable Family Companion. == Ndụ == O siri ike ịmata ihe ọ bụla gbasara Penelope Bradshaw ma e wezụga akwụkwọ nri nri ya nke gara n'okpuru aha dị iche iche gụnyere "The Family Jewel" na "Bradshaw's Valuable Family Companion". Enwere eziokwu ole na ole gbasara ya gụnyere n'ọrụ ya mana a na-emepụta ọtụtụ ozi maka ịzụ ahịa akwụkwọ ahụ. A na-azọrọ na o nwere ogologo ọrụ na-elekọta ezinụlọ ndị a ma ama nke nwere ike ịbụ eziokwu. Enwere ọtụtụ mbipụta nke akwụkwọ ya dị iche iche na aha, ogologo na nkwudo na-eleghara anya nke ịbụ ụdị na ụdị mbipụta ahụ. Agbanyeghị, enwere otu akwụkwọ pụtara na mbụ (dị ka “mbipụta nke iri”) na 1748 <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Confectioner.)|first=Penelope BRADSHAW (and LAMBART ( )|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8DVdAAAAcAAJ&q=penelope+bradshaw+cookery|title=Bradshaw's Valuable Family Jewel ... Containing all that relates to cookery, pastry, pickling, preserving, wine making, brewing, bread making, oat cakes, &c. ... The 10th edition|date=1748|publisher=London|language=en}}</ref> ma nye ya aha ọzọ, degharịa ya ma mepụta ya ọzọ ruo mgbe mbipụta ikpeazụ na 1754 mgbe a na-eche na onye dere ya anwụọla. Mbipụta 1748 na-ekwu na akwụkwọ ahụ bụ "Mrs Eliza Johnson malitere, ma ugbu a ọ bụ Mrs Penelope Bradshaw na Maazị Lambart mechaa ya". Nkwupụta a na-ekpughe na akwụkwọ ahụ na-eji usoro nri ndị e si n'ebe ndị ọzọ nweta. Ihe ndị a gụnyere onye na-eme achịcha n'ógbè ahụ aha ya bụ Edward Lambert na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ Eliza Johnson na Hannah Glasse dere.<ref name=":0" /> E bipụtara akwụkwọ nri Glasse naanị n'afọ gara aga na 1747 dị ka "The Art of Cookery, Made Plain and Easy" na Johnson na-eme naanị obere mgbanwe iji zoo eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ gbazitere n'akwụkwọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8xJgAAAAcAAJ|title=The Art of Cookery ... By a Lady [i.e. Hannah Glasse]. The Second Edition|date=1747|publisher=Author|language=en}}</ref> Bradshaw ga-ewere otu n'ime usoro nri Glasse site n'akwụkwọ ya (nke na-aga nke ọma) wee jiri okpukpu abụọ ma ọ bụ belata ha. Mbipụta mbụ ahụ nwere ntụziaka ole na ole mbụ mana agbakwunyere ndị ọzọ na nsụgharị ndị ọzọ.<ref name=porb>{{Cite ODNB |title=Penelope Bradshaw |date=2004-09-23 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/65130 |editor-last=Matthew |editor-first=H. C. G. |access-date=2023-07-22 |place=Oxford |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/65130 |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=B.}}</ref> == Edensibia== {{Reflist}} quius8pxo8wb8sy6xfvq605qevfjypq 0 53961 628560 364030 2026-04-01T15:44:24Z Geraldine Kene 23189 Fixed reference error 628560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Alice Elizabeth Locke Park (née Locke; Febụwarị 2, 1861 – Ọktoba 17, 1961) [1] bụ onye America na-akwado ọchịchị na onye gbachitere ikike ụmụ nwanyị ogologo oge.[2] Ọ jere ozi dị ka osote onye nduzi nke Susan B. Anthony Memorial Committee nke California. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Finding aid for Anthony Family Collection, 1844–1945.|url=http://hdl.huntington.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15150coll1/id/3178|work=Huntington Digital Library|accessdate=August 18, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818174942/http://hdl.huntington.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15150coll1/id/3178|archivedate=August 18, 2017}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere ==   A mụrụ Alice Elizabeth Locke na Febụwarị 2, 1861, na Boston, Massachusetts. N'afọ 1884, ọ lụrụ Dean W. Park; ha mụrụ ụmụ abụọ. Di ya nwụrụ na 1909.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Katz|first=Sherry J.|url=https://documents.alexanderstreet.com/VOTESforWOMEN|title=Online Biographical Dictionary of the Woman Suffrage Movement in the United States|publisher=Alexander Street|editor=Dublin|language=en|chapter=Biographical Sketch of Alice Locke Park|chapterurl=https://documents.alexanderstreet.com/d/1010596118}}</ref> == Ọrụ ==   N'ọgwụgwụ 1870s, Park nwere mmasị na mmegharị ntuli aka wee gaa mgbakọ na Providence, Rhode Island na 1877 na 1879.[1] Na 1894, ọ sonyeere International Feminist Movement.[1] Park ghọrọ onye udo na 1898.[1] Ọ bụkwa onye na-elekọta mmadụ na onye anaghị eri anụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Collection: Alice Locke Park Collected Papers|url=https://archives.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/resources/scpc-cdg-a-park_alice_locke|accessdate=October 29, 2021|work=TriCollege Libraries}}</ref> O guzobere akụkụ abụọ nke iwu steeti California: Iwu California Bird and Arbor Day Act nke 1909 nyere iwu maka ichebe osisi na nnụnụ ma guzobe ụbọchị maka ụmụaka nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ka a kụziere ha ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi ndị a; na iwu nke mere ka nne na nna nwee nlekọta ụmụaka hà nhata. N'afọ 1910, ọ bụ onye isi oche steeti nke Kọmitii edemede nke Njikọ Ịha nhata ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị . <ref>{{Cite journal|title=21 Apr 1910, Thu • First Edition • Page 4|journal=Los Angeles Herald|date=1910}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu Women's Suffrage Association ruo afọ iri isii. Ozugbo e nyere ụmụ nwanyị ikike ịtụ vootu iwu na California na 1911, ọ bụ ọkà okwu na Nzukọ nke asaa nke International Woman Suffrage Alliance na Budapest, Hungary, na 1913. <ref name="obituary">{{Cite journal|title=Alice Park Taken by Death at 100 - 19 Oct 1961, Thu • Page 35|journal=Oakland Tribune|date=1961|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15793238/oakland_tribune/|accessdate=December 15, 2017}}</ref> N'afọ 1914, o kwuru, sị: "Enwere m ọmịiko miri emi maka usoro ndị agha nọ na London. Ike gwụrụ m na a na-ata ụmụ nwanyị England ụta maka obi ọjọọ na ime ihe ike ha. Ha nwere nnukwu otuto maka inweta votu maka ụmụ nwanyị na California, n'inye mgbasa ozi maka ihe kpatara ya. Ọ bụrụ na ha ebibighị ihe onwunwe ma mee ihe n'ụzọ nkịtị, ọ dịghị onye ga-elebara ha anya, omume ha anya. " <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Militants Owe Lives to Policemen - 07 Aug 1914, Fri • Page 7|journal=The Bridgeport Times and Evening Farmer|date=1914|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15793611/the_bridgeport_times_and_evening_farmer/|accessdate=December 15, 2017}}</ref> Ọ hapụrụ òtù Unitarian n'ihi ọdịda ya na-emegide Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya International Women's Congress for Peace and Freedom na Hague na 1915; na 1915 ọ bụ onye otu Ford Peace Ship; ọ bụ onye ndú nke Women's International League for Peace and Liberty (WILPF). O guzobere Palo Alto Women's Peace Party na 1915. <ref name="obituary" /> Ọ mere mkpesa maka nguzobe nke Mahadum Stanford maka ụmụ nwanyị ma lụọ ọgụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị. N'ụlọ ya (na 611 Gilman na 510 Hamilton streets na Palo Alto) o nwere nzukọ maka otu ndị na-eme udo a na-akpọ American Union Against Militarism. Nke a mechara ghọọ American Civil Liberties Union . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Alice Park|url=https://www.nps.gov/people/alice-park.htm|accessdate=October 29, 2021|work=U.S. National Park Service|language=en}}</ref> == Ikike ụmụ anụmanụ == Park bụ onye na-akwado otu Humanitarian League, otu òtù na-ahụ maka ikike anụmanụ nke Britain, ma gaa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ iji nye okwu gbasara anụmanụ. O nwetara otuto nke onye malitere nzukọ ahụ bụ́ Henry S. Salt maka ibipụta kaadị, na 1920, bụ́ nke kwuru, sị: “Nwee Obiọma n'Anụmanụ, N'ihi na Ị Bụ Onwe Gị == Ọnwụ na ihe nketa == Park nwụrụ na October 18, 1961, n'ụlọ ya na Palo Alto, California. Ọ dị otu narị afọ.<ref name="obituary" /> == Ihe odide == m00l124h7316roi7qpaet0yf6p6p7dk 0 55376 628626 364165 2026-04-01T23:27:46Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628626 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} Qrachel ma ọ bụ Krachel (Moroccan Arabic: قراشل) ma ọ bụ Lgorss (Moroccan Arabic: لڭرص) bụ mfe sesame na-atọ ụtọ nke Moroccan, nke e ji anise na fennel mee.[1]  Enwere ike iji tii ma ọ bụ abụ enye ha, ma tinye ha na cheese, ekiri oliv,jama ma ọ bụ isi ikuku.  Mtakọta ndị ahụ yiri brioche French, mana mmetụta anise na-enye ha chọrọ ọzọ.<ref name="mwn">{{Cite web|title=How to Make Qrashel, Moroccan Sesame Rolls|date=8 December 2019|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2019/12/288247/how-to-make-qrashel-moroccan-sesame-rolls}}</ref> A mara Qrasheel na nri Moroccan ma ọ na-ốự alaokwu .  Gọvanọ Wattasid nke Marrakech, Nasser Bouchentouf, bụ onye a ma na Qrachel nwere nsí..<ref name="a3lam">{{Cite book|title=الإعلام بمن حل مراكش وأغمات من الأعلام، الجزء 7|author=Abbas Ben Brahim|year=1974|language=ar}}</ref> == Aha ya == Okwu Moroccan "Qrashel" dị n'ụdị ọtụtụ, na otu "qershala", na obere "qrishla".<ref name="a3lam" /> Ndị na-esote nwekwara ike izo aka na obere ihe na-atọ ụtọ nke Moroccan, nke na-enweghị ihe yiri Qrashel.<ref name="mortrad">{{Cite book|title=العادات والتقاليد في المجتمع المغربي|date=November 2007|publisher=Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco|isbn=9789981460676|language=ar}}</ref> Aha mama Moroccan ndị nwere ike ikike iche site na mpaghara gaa na mpaghara.  "Krach" bụ ihe a na-ahụ n'ebe ugwu Morocco, ebe "krachet" bụ ihe na-ahụkwa na mpaghara ndịda..<ref name="ryori">{{Cite book|title=MOROCCAN COOKBOOK : morokko ryori no hon NIGHT AND DAY|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=emwvDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22krachel%22&pg=PA10|language=ja|isbn=978-4844376521|year=2014|author=Terada|first=Naho}}</ref> == Nchịkọta nri == osisi maka Qrachel nwere ike ikike iche site na mpaghara gaa na mpaghara.  Mana ihe ukwuu ga-agụnye mmiri ara ehi, ike, ike anise, sesame, shuga, ihe iko iko, mmiri oroma, bọta na ọka ntụ.[1][2]  ụdị na- chocolate.<ref name="casakrachel">{{Cite book|title=Casablanca, My Moroccan Food|isbn=9781784725105|author=Nargisse Benkabbou|year=2018|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VmQ-DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22krachel%22&pg=PT376}}</ref> Nkwadebe nke ntụ ọka ike ike iwe ihe ruru awa abụọ, ebe ime ikike nwere ike iwe gburugburu minit 30 ruo 40 n'ọkụ ọkụ ruo 350 degrees F (ihe dị ka 175 C). <ref name="fivespot">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fivespotgreenliving.com/sweet-moroccan-bread/|title=Sweet Moroccan Bread (Krachel)|date=31 May 2021}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} sefjw6ytlazav58cj4olqpi699q8cxn 0 55559 628575 541447 2026-04-01T20:10:32Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628575 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pepe Julian Onziema August 2025.jpg|thumb|2025]] '''Pepe Julian Onziema''' (amụrụ na Nọvemba 30, 1980) bụ onye Uganda na-ahụ maka [[Ikike mmadụ|Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ]]. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya gbasara ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ n'afọ 2003. Onziema bụ onye nduzi mmemme na Sexual Minorities Uganda (SMUG), otu LGBTI na-akwado. SMUG na-enye nyocha, akwụkwọ, na ihe akaebe iji kwado mgbanwe iwu na Uganda.<ref name=":1" /> Ha na-enyekwa ndị otu LGBT+ nchekwa na nchebe pụọ na mpụ ịkpọasị.<ref name=":1" /> N'afọ 2012, Clinton Global Initiative kpọrọ ya Global Citizen maka ọrụ ya na nkwado ikike mmadụ. N'afọ 2014, Onziema guzobere njikọ aka nke 55 Uganda civil society organizations iji chebe ikike LGBT na mba ahụ. <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|author=Bambury|first=Brent|date=4 October 2019|title=Ugandan LGBT activist says threats and violence won't stop the fight for civil rights|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/day6/trump-s-odds-for-re-election-house-hippos-are-back-empire-strikes-door-bahamas-tourism-after-dorian-more-1.5306553/ugandan-lgbt-activist-says-threats-and-violence-won-t-stop-the-fight-for-civil-rights-1.5306555|accessdate=16 May 2023|work=[[CBC Radio]]}}</ref> N'afọ ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ ebere nke UK bụ Stonewall kpọrọ Onziema Hero of the Year. Nwoke trans, o sonyere n'ịhazi emume Mpako LGBT na Uganda. Ka ọ na-erule 2019, e jidere Onziema ma ọ bụ jide ya ugboro asaa, <ref name=":3" /> na-eme ihe ike nke na-eme ka ọ ghara ịnụ ihe na ntị aka ekpe ya ma chọọ ka a kpọba ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ. <ref name=":3" /> == Ndụ onwe onye == E kenyere Onziema nwanyị mgbe a mụrụ ya. O bu ụzọ jụọ ajụjụ banyere okike ya mgbe ọ dị afọ isii, ma malite ịjụ ajụjụ mgbe ọ dị obere. Mgbe ọ na-eto eto, o gosipụtara onwe ya n'ụzọ ndị "kwusiri ike dị ka nwoke. " <ref name=":0" /> Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike ịgafe ebe ọ bụla, ọ họọrọ ịnọ na Uganda ma gaafe ebe ahụ iji metụta ọdịbendị mba ahụ.[him]<ref name=":0" /> Ọ pụtara n'afọ ndị 1990, <ref name=":3" /> nne ya kwadoro ya n'oge ndụ ya niile, gụnyere ọrụ nkwado ya.<ref name=":3" /> Ka ọ na-erule 2020, ọ chọtara nnabata n'obodo ya niile, na-aga nzukọ ndị okenye obodo na-anabata ya dị ka "nwa n'ezie. "[he][is] == Ajụjụ ọnụ Morning Breeze == Na Disemba 18, 2012, a kpọrọ ya na ihe ngosi telivishọn Ugandan Morning Breeze nke Simon Kaggwa Njala kwadoro, ka ọ sonye na arụmụka banyere ndị na-enwe mmekọahụ na ọnọdụ ha na Uganda. N'ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ mechara ghọọ esemokwu na-akpali akpali mgbe pastọ na onye na-emegide mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị bụ Martin Ssempa batara na ihe nkiri ahụ na-agbalị ịkatọ Onziema, na mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri, mgbe ọ na-eti mkpu ma na bekee na Luganda n'elu Njala.[1] Ebugoro ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ n'onwe ya na ịntanetị wee bụrụ isiokwu nke memes ịntanetị dị iche iche, nke a na-akpọkarị "Gịnị kpatara ị ji enwe mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị?", dabere na ajụjụ mbụ Njala jụrụ Onziema.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gayety.co/explaining-the-why-are-you-gay-meme|title=Explaining The "Why Are You Gay" Meme|date=2022-06-16|accessdate=2023-03-31|work=Gayety}}</ref> == Nkwado == N'afọ 2014, Onziema katọrọ ndepụta tabloid mpaghara nke "200 Top Homo" Ugandan, ọtụtụ n'ime ha amataghị dị ka nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke. A tọhapụrụ tabloid ahụ nanị otu ụbọchị onye isi ala mebere iwu mgbochi nwoke idina nwoke, 2014 nke gụnyere mkpọrọ ndụ.[1] Onziema katọrọ akụkọ ahụ maka ịkpali mpụ ịkpọasị ozugbo, dị ka ime ihe ike na igbu ọchụ megide ndị otu LGBT.[1] Otu n'ime ihe ndị a mere David Kato, onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ na Sexual Minorities Uganda, bụ onye e gburu mgbe e bipụtasịrị ya n'otu akụkọ akpọrọ "Kwụba ha.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Stevenson|first=Robin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4LQDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Pepe+Julian+Onziema%22&pg=PT193|title=Pride: The Celebration and the Struggle|date=2020-03-24|publisher=Orca Book Publishers|isbn=978-1-4598-2126-2|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ ahụ, Onziema "duziri ihe ịma aka nke iwu ọjọọ nke Uganda nke mere ka ndina ụdị onwe bụrụ mpụ a ga-ata ahụhụ site n'ọnwụ". <sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="75" href="./CBC_Radio" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="CBC Radio">CBC Redio]]<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mw5A\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt45\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"CITEREFBambury2019\" data-ve-ignore=\"true\">Bambury, Brent (October 4, 2019). </cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-:3_8-5" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Pepe_Julian_Onziema#cite_note-:3-8 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Ọ jikọtara òtù ndị obodo Uganda 55 gụnyere ndị nne na nna, ndị nkụzi, na ndị na-elekọta ha iji "mepụta njikọ aka iji lụso iwu ahụ ọgụ". <ref name=":3" /> CBC Radio kọrọ, "Ọnwa isii mgbe iwu ahụ gasịrị, njikọ Onziema meriri n'ụlọ ikpe, na-akụ iwu ahụ na teknụzụ".<ref name=":3" /> == Onyinye na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ == N'afọ 2013, e depụtara Pepe maka David Kato Vision and Voice Award, ihe nrite iji sọpụrụ enyi ya na onye ọrụ ibe ya e gburu egbu, na onye ọrụ nkwado ibe ya maka Sexual Minorities Uganda, David Kato. Na 2014, John Oliver gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn America n'izu gara aga n'abalị a gbasara ọnọdụ ikike mmadụ maka ndị LGBT na Uganda.[1] Na mbụ, Onziema nwere "enwe obi abụọ" ma ọ chọghị ịnọ na ihe ngosi ahụ, dịka Onziema chere "emere ya na mgbasa ozi." Agbanyeghị, Oliver mere Onziema nwee ahụ iru ala na nkwanye ugwu, ọkachasị Oliver webatara Onziema dịka nwoke trans. Ihe omume a metụtara Onziema nke ọma na Uganda, mere ka ọ nweta nkwado karịa ka ọ dị na mbụ site n'aka ndị obodo. Na 2016, Onziema bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe ike ejidere na mmemme nganga nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke nke ise nke Uganda na Kampala, Uganda.[1] Ndị uwe ojii tinyere Onziema n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma nye ndị mkpọrọ ndị ọzọ iwu ka ha tie ya ihe nke ukwuu nke na ọ ga-anọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ, n'ihi na ntị aka ekpe ya na-anụ ihe. Ndị uwe ojii Uganda na-ekwu na ọ nweghị onye merụrụ ahụ, ebe Onziema na-ekwu na ha anaghị ege ndị obodo ahụ fọdụrụ dị ka ndị lanarịrị ma ọ bụ ndị ihe metụtara ntị. Ọ na-ekwu na ndị uwe ojii na-eme ọ bụghị naanị na ndị otu obodo na-eme ihe ike, kamakwa ọ na-akpasu iwe<ref name=":2" /> Na Uganda Pride 2022, mgbe a jụrụ ya etu ihe omume izu ahụ si daba n'ọgụ zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịha nhata LGBT, Onziema zara, sị:<blockquote>A na-akpọ Uganda otu n'ime ebe kachasị njọ ịbụ nwoke na-edina nwoke ibe ya, nke pụtara na anya niile dị na Uganda. Maka anyị ime emume ọhụụ anyị [n'etiti ibu iro niile] dị ezigbo mkpa.</blockquote>N'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike ọ chere ihu n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ndị Uganda, Onziema kwuru,<blockquote>Ahụrụ m mba a n'anya, ọrụ m bụ ime ka ọ bụrụ ụdị ebe ọ bụ n'ezie. Ọ mara mma. O nwere ndị mara mma, ana m eme ihe iji chekwaa ya maka ndị ga-abịa n'azụ m.<ref name=":3" /> == Hụkwa == * Ikike LGBT na Uganda * [[Stella Nyanzi]] == Ihe odide == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1wurfwc4gxxlqed3cti6gng98dposeb 628576 628575 2026-04-01T20:10:56Z Neme244 16387 628576 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pepe Julian Onziema August 2025.jpg|thumb|2025]] '''Pepe Julian Onziema''' (amụrụ na Nọvemba 30, 1980) bụ onye Uganda na-ahụ maka [[Ikike mmadụ|Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ]]. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya gbasara ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ n'afọ 2003. Onziema bụ onye nduzi mmemme na Sexual Minorities Uganda (SMUG), otu LGBTI na-akwado. SMUG na-enye nyocha, akwụkwọ, na ihe akaebe iji kwado mgbanwe iwu na Uganda.<ref name=":1" /> Ha na-enyekwa ndị otu LGBT+ nchekwa na nchebe pụọ na mpụ ịkpọasị.<ref name=":1" /> N'afọ 2012, Clinton Global Initiative kpọrọ ya Global Citizen maka ọrụ ya na nkwado ikike mmadụ. N'afọ 2014, Onziema guzobere njikọ aka nke 55 Uganda civil society organizations iji chebe ikike LGBT na mba ahụ. <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|author=Bambury|first=Brent|date=4 October 2019|title=Ugandan LGBT activist says threats and violence won't stop the fight for civil rights|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/day6/trump-s-odds-for-re-election-house-hippos-are-back-empire-strikes-door-bahamas-tourism-after-dorian-more-1.5306553/ugandan-lgbt-activist-says-threats-and-violence-won-t-stop-the-fight-for-civil-rights-1.5306555|accessdate=16 May 2023|work=[[CBC Radio]]}}</ref> N'afọ ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ ebere nke UK bụ Stonewall kpọrọ Onziema Hero of the Year. Nwoke trans, o sonyere n'ịhazi emume Mpako LGBT na Uganda. Ka ọ na-erule 2019, e jidere Onziema ma ọ bụ jide ya ugboro asaa, <ref name=":3" /> na-eme ihe ike nke na-eme ka ọ ghara ịnụ ihe na ntị aka ekpe ya ma chọọ ka a kpọba ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ. <ref name=":3" /> == Ndụ onwe onye == E kenyere Onziema nwanyị mgbe a mụrụ ya. O bu ụzọ jụọ ajụjụ banyere okike ya mgbe ọ dị afọ isii, ma malite ịjụ ajụjụ mgbe ọ dị obere. Mgbe ọ na-eto eto, o gosipụtara onwe ya n'ụzọ ndị "kwusiri ike dị ka nwoke. " <ref name=":0" /> Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike ịgafe ebe ọ bụla, ọ họọrọ ịnọ na Uganda ma gaafe ebe ahụ iji metụta ọdịbendị mba ahụ.[him]<ref name=":0" /> Ọ pụtara n'afọ ndị 1990, <ref name=":3" /> nne ya kwadoro ya n'oge ndụ ya niile, gụnyere ọrụ nkwado ya.<ref name=":3" /> Ka ọ na-erule 2020, ọ chọtara nnabata n'obodo ya niile, na-aga nzukọ ndị okenye obodo na-anabata ya dị ka "nwa n'ezie. "[he][is] == Ajụjụ ọnụ Morning Breeze == Na Disemba 18, 2012, a kpọrọ ya na ihe ngosi telivishọn Ugandan Morning Breeze nke Simon Kaggwa Njala kwadoro, ka ọ sonye na arụmụka banyere ndị na-enwe mmekọahụ na ọnọdụ ha na Uganda. N'ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ mechara ghọọ esemokwu na-akpali akpali mgbe pastọ na onye na-emegide mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị bụ Martin Ssempa batara na ihe nkiri ahụ na-agbalị ịkatọ Onziema, na mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri, mgbe ọ na-eti mkpu ma na bekee na Luganda n'elu Njala.[1] Ebugoro ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ n'onwe ya na ịntanetị wee bụrụ isiokwu nke memes ịntanetị dị iche iche, nke a na-akpọkarị "Gịnị kpatara ị ji enwe mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị?", dabere na ajụjụ mbụ Njala jụrụ Onziema.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gayety.co/explaining-the-why-are-you-gay-meme|title=Explaining The "Why Are You Gay" Meme|date=2022-06-16|accessdate=2023-03-31|work=Gayety}}</ref> == Nkwado == N'afọ 2014, Onziema katọrọ ndepụta tabloid mpaghara nke "200 Top Homo" Ugandan, ọtụtụ n'ime ha amataghị dị ka nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke. A tọhapụrụ tabloid ahụ nanị otu ụbọchị onye isi ala mebere iwu mgbochi nwoke idina nwoke, 2014 nke gụnyere mkpọrọ ndụ.[1] Onziema katọrọ akụkọ ahụ maka ịkpali mpụ ịkpọasị ozugbo, dị ka ime ihe ike na igbu ọchụ megide ndị otu LGBT.[1] Otu n'ime ihe ndị a mere David Kato, onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ na Sexual Minorities Uganda, bụ onye e gburu mgbe e bipụtasịrị ya n'otu akụkọ akpọrọ "Kwụba ha.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Stevenson|first=Robin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4LQDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Pepe+Julian+Onziema%22&pg=PT193|title=Pride: The Celebration and the Struggle|date=2020-03-24|publisher=Orca Book Publishers|isbn=978-1-4598-2126-2|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ ahụ, Onziema "duziri ihe ịma aka nke iwu ọjọọ nke Uganda nke mere ka ndina ụdị onwe bụrụ mpụ a ga-ata ahụhụ site n'ọnwụ". <sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="75" href="./CBC_Radio" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="CBC Radio">CBC Redio]]<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mw5A\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt45\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"CITEREFBambury2019\" data-ve-ignore=\"true\">Bambury, Brent (October 4, 2019). </cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-:3_8-5" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Pepe_Julian_Onziema#cite_note-:3-8 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Ọ jikọtara òtù ndị obodo Uganda 55 gụnyere ndị nne na nna, ndị nkụzi, na ndị na-elekọta ha iji "mepụta njikọ aka iji lụso iwu ahụ ọgụ". <ref name=":3" /> CBC Radio kọrọ, "Ọnwa isii mgbe iwu ahụ gasịrị, njikọ Onziema meriri n'ụlọ ikpe, na-akụ iwu ahụ na teknụzụ".<ref name=":3" /> == Onyinye na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ == N'afọ 2013, e depụtara Pepe maka David Kato Vision and Voice Award, ihe nrite iji sọpụrụ enyi ya na onye ọrụ ibe ya e gburu egbu, na onye ọrụ nkwado ibe ya maka Sexual Minorities Uganda, David Kato. Na 2014, John Oliver gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn America n'izu gara aga n'abalị a gbasara ọnọdụ ikike mmadụ maka ndị LGBT na Uganda.[1] Na mbụ, Onziema nwere "enwe obi abụọ" ma ọ chọghị ịnọ na ihe ngosi ahụ, dịka Onziema chere "emere ya na mgbasa ozi." Agbanyeghị, Oliver mere Onziema nwee ahụ iru ala na nkwanye ugwu, ọkachasị Oliver webatara Onziema dịka nwoke trans. Ihe omume a metụtara Onziema nke ọma na Uganda, mere ka ọ nweta nkwado karịa ka ọ dị na mbụ site n'aka ndị obodo. Na 2016, Onziema bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe ike ejidere na mmemme nganga nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke nke ise nke Uganda na Kampala, Uganda.[1] Ndị uwe ojii tinyere Onziema n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma nye ndị mkpọrọ ndị ọzọ iwu ka ha tie ya ihe nke ukwuu nke na ọ ga-anọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ, n'ihi na ntị aka ekpe ya na-anụ ihe. Ndị uwe ojii Uganda na-ekwu na ọ nweghị onye merụrụ ahụ, ebe Onziema na-ekwu na ha anaghị ege ndị obodo ahụ fọdụrụ dị ka ndị lanarịrị ma ọ bụ ndị ihe metụtara ntị. Ọ na-ekwu na ndị uwe ojii na-eme ọ bụghị naanị na ndị otu obodo na-eme ihe ike, kamakwa ọ na-akpasu iwe<ref name=":2" /> Na Uganda Pride 2022, mgbe a jụrụ ya etu ihe omume izu ahụ si daba n'ọgụ zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịha nhata LGBT, Onziema zara, sị:<blockquote>A na-akpọ Uganda otu n'ime ebe kachasị njọ ịbụ nwoke na-edina nwoke ibe ya, nke pụtara na anya niile dị na Uganda. Maka anyị ime emume ọhụụ anyị [n'etiti ibu iro niile] dị ezigbo mkpa.</blockquote>N'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike ọ chere ihu n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ndị Uganda, Onziema kwuru,<blockquote>Ahụrụ m mba a n'anya, ọrụ m bụ ime ka ọ bụrụ ụdị ebe ọ bụ n'ezie. Ọ mara mma. O nwere ndị mara mma, ana m eme ihe iji chekwaa ya maka ndị ga-abịa n'azụ m.<ref name=":3" /> </blockquote> == Hụkwa == * Ikike LGBT na Uganda * [[Stella Nyanzi]] == Ihe odide == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 96f8yypddphczews4iev0gt7ihzgw6d 0 56457 628569 621454 2026-04-01T19:13:21Z Neme244 16387 628569 wikitext text/x-wiki Pearu Sardar (1911-1961) bụ onye isi mpaghara nke Dhaka, Pakistan.  Na nlekọta afɔ nke 20, a mara onye ndú mpaghara nke Dhaka dị ka Sardar;  a maara ya maka egwu aka na Language Movement nke 1952. E wuru Shaheed Minar iji cheta ndị nwụrụ n'ihi ụbọchị ha ụbọchị iri abụọ na otu nke ọmụmụ Febụwarị n'afọ 1952 ihe omume nke ụbọchị ahụ, site na nkwado ya. == Ọrụ ya na 1952 == Dị ka Dr. Sayeed Haider, onye isi na-eme akwụkwọ na onye na-ahụ Shaheed Minar mbụ, ihe iwu ya bụ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Dhaka Medical College mere.[1] Atụmatụ ahụ ahụ n'etiti ahụ na Febụwarị 22, 1952, ọrụ wee malite n'echi ya. Ọ bụ Sardar, otu n'ime ndị Dhaka panchayet sardars ochie ochie ya.[1] Ọ bụ ebe na a akwụkwọ iwu, ụmụ akwụkwọ akụkọ iwu Minar n'ehihie nke February 23 wee ọrụ n'ahụ niile iji mechaa ya n'isi ụtụtụ. E edere akwụkwọ e ji aka dee na Minar nke nwere "Shaheed Smritistombho" idé na ya. Ndị uwe ojii na Ndị agha Pakistan bibiri ya n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole.<ref name="Daily Star">{{cite news |title=It's True! |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/its-true-12263 |work=The Daily Star |date=February 21, 2014}}</ref> == Onyinye == N'afọ 2015, na-ebelata Bangladesh ndị na-amụ maka nri Ekushey Padak, otu n'ime ndị na-enye ndị mgbaàmà elu na mba ahụ.  Sardar natara ihe nrite ahụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, iji kwado ọrụ ya n'oge ngosi nka. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2015/feb/08/15-selected-ekushey-padak-2015|title=15 selected for Ekushey Padak &#124; Dhaka Tribune|accessdate=2015-05-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709004721/http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2015/feb/08/15-selected-ekushey-padak-2015|archivedate=2015-07-09}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} nyvaj4qoyrkuv47qmxqkf5ajhxgppvp 0 56518 628683 621529 2026-04-02T11:52:04Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628683 wikitext text/x-wiki      '''Darach Ó Séaghdha''' ({{IPA|ga|ˈd̪ˠaɾˠəx oː ˈʃeː|pron}}{{IPA|ga|ˈd̪ˠaɾˠəx oː ˈʃeː|pron}}[ˈd̪ɣaɾɣəx oː ˈʃeː]; amụrụ na 5 Nọvemba 1977) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/readme/what-do-these-irish-boys-names-mean-4496333-Feb2019/|title=The Irish For: What do these popular boys' names mean - and what can we learn from them?|first=Darach Ó|author=Séaghdha|work=TheJournal.ie}}</ref> bụ onye edemede Irish, pọdkasta na onye na-akwado asụsụ Irish. Ọ bụ onye edemede nke Motherfoclóir: Dispatches from a Not So Dead Language, nke meriri 'Ireland AM Popular Non-Fiction Book of the Year' na 2017 Irish Book Awards. == Akụkọ ndụ == Ó Séaghdha tolitere na Rathfarnham, nke dị na Dublin, n'ezinaụlọ na-asụ ọtụtụ asụsụ. Nna ya, onye na-asụ asụsụ na nne ya na-asụkọ asụsụ Irish ọnụ mana ụmụ ha na-asụ Bekee. Mgbe nna Ó Séaghdha dara ọrịa nke ukwuu, Ó Séaghdha nwere mmasị n'ịmụ Irish ma jiri Twitter kesaa akpaokwu na okwu ndị Irish na-adọrọ mmasị ọ hụrụ .<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/features/darach-o-seaghdhas-complicated-history-with-gaeilge-457809.html|title=Darach Ó Séaghdha's complicated history with Gaeilge|first=Sharon|author=Ní Chonchúir|date=28 August 2017|accessdate=20 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="Murray">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejournal.ie/motherfocloir-irish-language-3557181-Aug2017/|title=Irish is a dead language? Judging by your punctuation, English isn't far off either|author=Murray|first=Sean|work=[[TheJournal.ie]]|accessdate=20 April 2018}}</ref> Ó Séaghdha kọwara Irish dị ka "ihe onwunwe dị ịtụnanya e liri".<ref name="Murray" /> N'edemede ya ọ chọrọ igosi ndị mmadụ ka ha, site na Irish, nwere ike isi mee ka ụwa dị ha gburugburu, site na okwu na nkebiokwu na-adịghị na Bekee. <ref name="Murray" /> Na 2017 Irish Book Awards, akwụkwọ ya Motherfoclóir: Dispatches from a Not So Dead Language (Head of Zeus, 2017) meriri ihe nrite maka Ireland AM Popular Non-Fiction Book of the Year. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thejournal.ie/irish-book-awards-winners-2-3720895-Nov2017/|title=These are the best Irish books of 2017|first=Aoife|author=Barry|date=2017-11-28|work=[[TheJournal.ie]]|accessdate=29 November 2017}}</ref> Ihe na-esote Motherfoclóir, nke e bipụtara na 2018, nke na-ebu aha Craic Baby: Dispatches from a Rising Language, na-enyocha akụkụ ọhụrụ na nke ochie nke asụsụ Irish site n'echiche onwe onye, na-ekpuchi isiokwu multilingualism, Brehon Law, {{Lang|ga|[[Gaelscoil]]eanna}} na karịsịa lexicon.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/craic-baby-dispatches-from-a-rising-language-1.3632110|title=Craic Baby: Dispatches from a Rising Language|first=Eilis|author=Ni Dhuibhne|date=22 September 2018|accessdate=3 January 2019}}</ref> Ọ na-elekọta akaụntụ Twitter a ma ama n'asụsụ Irish The Irish For . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/theirishfor|title=The Irish For 🥃✒ (@theirishfor)|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye isi na-elekọta podcast Motherfoclóir, akụkụ nke Headstuff Podcast Netwọk. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.headstuff.org/motherfocloir/|title=Motherfoclóir Archives|work=Headstuff|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.headstuff.org/|title=Home|work=Headstuff|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Darach Ó SéaghdhanaTwitter {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Séaghdha,Ó Darach}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] qh459o833kc922au5cnb7gkbufamavr 0 56521 628624 349428 2026-04-01T23:15:09Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628624 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:PádraigÓSnodaigh.JPG|thumb|Pádraig Ó Snodaigh]] '''Pádraig Ó Snodaigh''' (onye amụrụ '''Oliver Snoddy'''; <ref>{{Cite news|author=Ní Fhallúin|first=Maebh|date=September 17, 2010|title=Laoch Litríochta na nGael|url=https://cs.slu.edu/~scannell/gaelsceal/2010-09-17.pdf#page=7|work=Gaelscéal|accessdate=June 29, 2023}}</ref> 18 Mee 1935 - 2 Jenụwarị 2025) bụ onye na-akwado asụsụ Irish, onye na-ede uri, onye edemede na onye mbipụta. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka Boardlọ Ọrụ Na-eweta ọkụ eletrik Irish, ma mesịa rụọ ọrụ na National Museum of Ireland. Ọ bụ onye isi ala Conradh na Gaeilge, Njikọ Gaelic Pádraig Ó Snodaigh mụrụ na Carlow, Ireland na 18 Mee 1935. <ref>{{Cite web|title=An scríbhneoir agus an foilsitheoir Gaeilge Pádraig Ó Snodaigh tar éis bháis|date=2025-01-02|language=Irish|work=RTÉ News|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/0102/1488873-padraig-o-snodaigh-tar-eis-bhais/}}</ref> Site na 1970 ruo 1973, ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya na Mícheál Ó Bréartún nke Pobal, akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe na-eme ugbu a n'asụsụ Irish. Site na 1974 ruo 1977, ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ Carn, akwụkwọ akụkọ gọọmentị Celtic League. N'afọ 1980, Ó Snodaigh guzobere ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ {{Lang|ga|Coiscéim}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irish.ie/directory/entry.asp?toggle=yes&lang=en&id=593|title=Foras na Gaeilge - Directory|accessdate=16 August 2008|archivedate=13 December 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213121257/http://www.irish.ie/directory/entry.asp?toggle=yes&lang=en&id=593}}</ref> nke bipụtara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ 2,000 n'asụsụ Irish.  Na mgbakwunye, o dere uri, akwụkwọ akụkọ, na edemede akụkọ ihe mere eme . Ọ deziri mbipụta atọ, ya na Tomás Mac Síomóin, nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nkà ihe ọmụma na agụmagụ Lasair. Ọ malitere usoro akwụkwọ na 2006 na-elekwasị anya na ntụgharị uche na 1916. A na-akpọ usoro isiokwu a, Macallai na Cásca, ma enwere akwụkwọ 24 n'usoro isiokwu a ruo ugbu a. Otu n'ime akwụkwọ ya a ma ama bụ Hidden Ulster, Protestant and the Irish language. Akwụkwọ ọzọ a ma ama bụ Two Godfathers of Revisionism (1991), nke nwere mkparịta ụka banyere akwụkwọ Eugene Kamenka banyere Ịhụ mba n'anya yana nkatọ nke echiche revisionist nke 1916 Rising in Irish history. Ó Snodaigh rụrụ ụka megide echiche nke ihe omume a nke ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Irish F.X. Martin na Francis Shaw ("ndị nna abụọ" nke aha akwụkwọ ahụ), bụ ndị o kwuru na ha na-arụrịta ụka site n'echiche na-emegide mba.<ref name="list">''Two Godfathers of Revisionism: 1916 In The Revisionist Canon'' by Pádraig Ó Snodaigh. Dublin : Fulcrum Press, 1991.</ref> Ó Snodaigh lụrụ onye na-ese ihe Cliodhna Cussen. Nwa ya nwoke Aengus bụ Sinn Féin Teachta Dála. Atọ n'ime ụmụ ya ndị ọzọ, Rossa, Rónán, na Colm, nọ n'òtù Kíla. Ụmụ ya ndị ọzọ bụ Cormac na Fergus bụ ndị nwere ma na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ruo afọ 20 ruo n'afọ 2004.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Pádraig Ó Snodaigh nwuru na 2 Jenụwarị 2025, ọ gbara afo 89.<ref>{{Cite web|title=An scríbhneoir agus an foilsitheoir Gaeilge Pádraig Ó Snodaigh tar éis bháis|date=2025-01-02|language=Irish|work=RTÉ News|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/0102/1488873-padraig-o-snodaigh-tar-eis-bhais/}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara n'asụsụ Irish == * ''Comisghuaillithe na Réabhlóide 1913-1916''. Dublin: An Clóchomhar, 1966. * ''Ị kwụsịrị na Fheirtéaraigh agus 1916'' Eag. Pádraig Ó Snodaigh, Dublin: Scepter, 1968. * ''Ua Rathghaille'' Dublin: Foilseachain Poblachtacha, 1970. * ''Éireannaigh sa Chogadh Chathartha snait'' 1970 * An Cómhargadh Dublin: Pobal Teo, 1971. * An Bealach Romhainn - onye na-arụ ọrụ na Áras an Chonartha na-ede akwụkwọ Choiste na Cathrach, Baile Átha Cliath, mí Márta, 1974 Dublin, Clódhanna Teo, 1974 * ''Litreacha oscailte le Pádraic Mac Piarais.'' Dublin: Club Chonradh na Gaeilge, na bpáirt le Clódhanna Teo, 1979. * Caomhnú nó athréimniú - Deegide an uachtaráin, a na-arụ ọrụ ag ardfheis Chonradh na Gaeilge i mBéal Átha na Slua, 19 Aibreán 1975 Dublin, Clódhanna Teo, 1975 * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * Onye isi oche mbụ: Guiseppe Berto aistrithe ag Pádraig Ó Snodaigh, Dublin, Carbad, 1983. * ''Cumha agus Cumann:'' Aisling Design, Dublin, 1985. * Solitudine e Compagnia/Cumha agus Cumann: poesie di Pádraig Ó Snodaigh a cura di Rosangela Barone e G. Lendaro Camiless, Bari - Edizioni dal Sud, Italy, 1986. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * Ịnọ m 's a'bherug, Màiri NicGumaraid; leaganacha Gaeilge, Pádraig Ó Snodaigh & Liam Prút. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * ''Ó Pharnell gara Queenie''. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * ''Ceatharlach na 1798: amharc ar na staraithe '' Dublin: Coiscéim thar ceann Cumann Oidhreachta Chontae Cheatharlach, 1991. * An tAmhrán Éireannach: (n'ihi na Bobby Sands).[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (leagan ga Gwen le Pádraig Ó Snodaigh). [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * Anya mmiri na-enweghị isi - Deora Nár Caoineadh, Áine Ní Ghlinn arna na Pádraig Ó Snodaigh. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * ''Ón Droichead na-aga na Duibheagán: Téamaí na-anọ n'ọnọdụ N'ihi 1921 ị na-aga Chogadh na gCarad ''. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * ''Ruithmean's neo-rannan/Rainn agus ng ngụkọta'', Màiri NicGumaraid; leaganacha Gaeilge, Pádraig Ó Snodaigh & Liam Prút. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * ''Dílseoirí na Gaillmhe - onye na-eme ihe nkiri n'afọ 1798'' [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * ''Len:'' - nke Rosangela Barone sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Italian, Faenza - Moby Dick, Italy, 1999. * ''Vae Puero: athleaganacha ar dhánta le Pádraic Fiacc, arna disu ag Aogán Ó Muircheartaigh & Pádraig Ó Snodaigh''. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * ''Macallaí na Cásca 4 - Na Priompalláin - 1916 agus athscríobh na staire'', Dublin: Coiscéim, 2006. * ''Macallaí na Cásca 9 - 1916 agus mar sin de'', Dublin: Coiscéim, 2013. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * Macallaí na Cásca 13 - Commissionghuaillithe na Réabhlóide 1913-1916, Dublin: Coiscéim (ath-chló), 2016. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * ''Scórscéalta'', Dublin, Coiscéim, 2021 * ''Ochtó Seacht FA'', Dublin, Coiscéim, 2022. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (na-abịa n'ihu) == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara n'asụsụ Bekee == * ''Ireland na Common Market: Iwu nke abụọ nke Union? ''Dublin: Common Market Study Group, 1972. * ''Ulster zoro ezo''. Dublin: Clodhanna Teo, 1973. (Mbipụta ndị e degharịrị edegharị pụtara na 1977 na 1995). * Akwụkwọ nke oge a n'asụsụ Irish: survival, revival, rutere, London: Connolly Association, c.1984. * ''Akwụkwọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Irish: 1916-1949,'' Blackrock: Irish Academic Press, 1985. * ''Akwụkwọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Irish, 1869-1916,'' Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1989. * ''Ndị Nna Nna Abụọ nke Revisionism: 1916 na Revisionist Canon, '' Dublin: Fulcrum Press, 1991. * Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo Irish 1715-1793: ndepụta nke nkeji, Blackrock, Co. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1995. * Nkwụsị na Rudi Holzappel, 1964 * Abụ ya na Colm O'Neill, Conleth Ellis & James O'Rourke == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}}{{Conradh na Gaeilge}}{{Authority control}} 2a0ewsg04b897hxyc2qy69prb6j17ha 0 57369 628625 202439 2026-04-01T23:16:45Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|image=Pól Ó Foighil.jpg|caption=Ó Foighil in 1989|office=[[Seanad Éireann|Senator]]|term_start=1 November 1989|term_end=17 February 1993|constituency=[[Labour Panel]]|office1=[[Galway County Council]]lor|term_start1=1999|term_end1=2004|term_start2=1979|term_end2=1985|constituency2=[[Connemara]]|birth_date={{birth date|1928|6|1|df=y}}|birth_place=[[County Tipperary]], Ireland|death_date={{death date and age|2005|3|21|1928|6|1|df=y}}|death_place=Galway, Ireland|nationality=[[Irish people|Irish]]|party=[[Fine Gael]]|alma_mater=[[University of Galway|University College Galway]]|spouse=Chrissie Nic Eoin|children=7}} Pól Ó Foighil (1 June 1928 - 21 Maarchi 2005) bụ onye ike ike Irish na onye na-eme ihe maka ndị na-Asụsụ Irish, ndị dị n'elu mmiri na-ebu.  Onye nkuzi echiche onye njikwa na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ, ọ bụ onye otu Fine Gael, dịka onye kansụl na-eje ozi ogologo oge ọ bụ naanị onye anya pati ahụ na Connemara Gaeltacht ruo afọ iri abụọ.  Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye omeiwu site na 1989 ruo 1993. == Ndụ mbụ na ezinụlọ == A njikọ Ó Foighil na Thurles, County Tipperary, ndị Christian Brothers ike ya na Thurle na Mahadum College Galway (UCG). mbụ mbụ bụ dị ka onye nkuzi na mpaghara Cois Fharraige nke ndị Connemara, ọ wee biri na Inverin. Ọ fim Chrissie Nic Eoin, ha nwere ụmụ asaa.<ref name="itimes-obit" /> Otu n'ime ụmụ ha nwoke anọ, Éanna, nwa akwụkwọ ahụike na UCG, gburu onwe ya na 1982. Ó Foighil mechara kwuo na telivishọn RTÉ banyere mmetụta nke igbu onwe na ezinụlọ.<ref name="itimes-obit">{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/obituaries/2005/0326/1110799558284.html|title=Strong activist for Irish language and west coast communities|date=26 March 2005|work=[[The Irish Times]]|accessdate=19 February 2008}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/obituaries/2005/0326/1110799558284.html "Strong activist for Irish language and west coast communities"]. ''[[The Irish Times]]''. 26 March 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> == Mgbalị == Mgbalị mbụ Ó Foighil mere maka mmepe obodo bụ nguzobe atụmatụ otu maka inye mmiri, nke dugara na aha njirimara "egwu ihe". Ọ gara n'ihu guzobe kọleji oge okpomọkụ nke asụsụ Irish na Connemara, na ịzụlite mmekorita na Connemana, Aran Islands, na Inishbiggle.<ref name="RTE-20050321">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2005/0321/ofoighilp.html|title=Ó Cuív tribute to late Pól Ó Foighil|work=RTÉ News|date=21 March 2005|accessdate=19 February 2008}}</ref> Dị ka onye njikwa nke ụlọ ọrụ na Inis Meáin, ọ le izi iwu ụlọ ọrụ desalination n' akwụkwọ etịti ahụ, [1] na nke ụlọ ọrụ ikuku na-ese okwu.  Onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na onye edemede bụ Tim Robinson mgbochire turbines ifufe, Ó Foighil boro ya ebubo na ọ "na-enye ikuku maka nsogbu ihe nketa ahụhụ" na ịbụ "onye na-agbadata" na mbelata nke Inis Meáin.  "[2] O mekwarare maka ikike ala cable iji mgbaàmà Inishbiggle na County Mayo na Agwaetiti Achill dị nso.[3][4] Inishbiggle ngwaọrụ ọrụ mmiri, na obere ụzọ akwọ ụgbọ ahụ na- ihe a na-nna- agafe agafe n'ihi ihu igwe na- mma, nke mere na-Ga--ahapụ ahụ ka December ha wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ mana.  kwado ụgbọ mmiri ka mma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2005/1210/1134117163629.html|title=Inishbiggle residents lose their 30-year fight for cable-car link|author=Lorna Siggins|date=10 December 2005|work=The Irish Times|accessdate=19 February 2008}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Asọmpi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mbụ ya bụ onye nọọrọ onwe ya na ntuli aka ime obodo na 1975 na mpaghara Galway West, mgbe ọ meriri 7.5% nke votu.[1].  Na 1979, ọ sonyeere Fine Gael, wee guzoro dị ka onye ga-abụ Fine Gael na ntuli aka ime obodo 1979, na-emeri oche abụọ na Kansụl Galway County yana na Údarás na Gaeltachta.  Ọ kwụghachiri na enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma ọzọ maka Dáil Éireann na 1981, Nọvemba 1982 na 1992 ntuli aka izugbe.. N'afọ 1989, a ahụmahụ ya na 19th Seanad na Labor Panel, na-eje ozi ruo n'afọ 1993.[1]  Ọ rọ na Seanad site n'ịnọgide na-eyi jaket omenala Connemara 'binin', na site n'ịgbanwe aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Pól 'Báinín' Ó Foighil .  [2] Ọ lụkwara ogbe n'ihe ịga nke ọma iji mee ka iwu na akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ya n'Asụsụ Irish, nke n'okpuru Iwu nke Ireland bụ mbụ mbụ..<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2001/0407/01040700030.html|title=Government knows stakes are high on referendums|date=7 April 2001|work=The Irish Times|accessdate=19 February 2008|quote=Many remember the campaign of the former senator, Pól Ó Foighil, to have his constitutional rights as an Irish speaker vindicated in practice as well as in theory. Pól's point was that since Irish was the first official language, he was entitled to have legislation and official documents available to him in that language}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/where-only-fluent-irish-speakers-need-apply-1.1109483|title=Where only fluent Irish speakers need apply|author=Lorna Siggins|date=21 December 2002|work=The Irish Times|accessdate=4 January 2022|quote=Several years ago, attempts by residents of Carraroe in Co Galway to block local authority housing on grounds that the language would be threatened, received a negative reaction within Galway city. "Fascist" and "a bit Bosnian" is how some residents of the city area described the current proposal when canvassed for a reaction this week.}}</ref> Dị ka onye kansụl, Ó Foighil nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'inye aro na akara ngosi nke County Galway 2003-2009 na a ga-enye ikike ndị na-achọ Irish iji ọnụ ahịa mbelata ikike Irish ikike mpaghara na mpaghara Gaeltacht na ikike obodo ahụ.  An Taisce na Minista na-ahụ maka obodo, ime obodo na Gaeltacht, Eamon Ó Cuív akwụkwọ ahụ.  Otú ọ dị, ọ natara nzaghachi obi nri site n'aka ụfọdụ ndị ọha na eze na mgbasa ozi. E wepụrụ atụmatụ Ó Foighil tupu a nabata atụmatụ mmepe ahụ. Atụmatụ ikpeazụ chọrọ "nkwupụta mmetụta asụsụ" naanị maka mmepe nke ihe karịrị otu ebe obibi. O kwuru na "A ga-enye ikike naanị ebe ndị isi nwere afọ ojuju na mmetụta nke mmepe ga-aba uru maka ojiji nke asụsụ na mpaghara ahụ, ma ọ bụrụ na enyere ikike. "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.galway.ie/en/planning/developmentplan/County_Development_plan_as_amended_25072006.pdf|title=Galway County Development Plan|page=81|publisher=Galway County Council|accessdate=19 February 2008}}</ref> Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na Sunday Times bụ Liam Fay na Dara Flynn katọrọ ihe ndị a chọrọ. Fay jụrụ iwu asụsụ dị ka "omume nsọpụrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị". Flynn kwuru na onye mmepe nke kwuru na ihe achọrọ pụtara na 12 n'ime ụlọ 23 na mmepe ya na mpaghara Gaeltacht nke Bruach na hAbhann na An Spidéal ga-echekwa maka ndị na-asụ Irish na nke a pụtara na ọ ga-akwụ ụgwọ dị ala maka ụlọ ya. Flynn kwukwara banyere nwa nwoke nke onye kwagara mba ọzọ nke nwere nsogbu ịzụta ụlọ na mpaghara Gaeltacht n'ihi na ọ naghị asụ Irish.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://property.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/property/article515718.ece|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716163034/http://property.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/property/article515718.ece|archivedate=16 July 2011|title=Ireland: The Market: Language barriers|author=Dara Flynn|date=20 February 2005|work=The Sunday Times|accessdate=19 February 2008}}</ref> Ó Foighil akara ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịchọ nhọpụta ka ọ bụrụ onye na-azọ ọkwa Fine Gael na Ntuli aka nke afọ 2002. Onye isi pati Finbarr Fitzpatrick gwara ya na ọ kara nká, mana o weputara aha ya n'ihu na ebupụta.  Dị ka Pádraic McCormack TD si kwuo, Ó Foighil mara Fitzpatrick aka na 20 press ups, ma gwa anụ ahụ na ntutu isi ya bụ nke ya, ezé ya bụ nke onwe ya nakwa na ndị ọzọ nke ahụ ya na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma..<ref name="itimes-obit">{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/obituaries/2005/0326/1110799558284.html|title=Strong activist for Irish language and west coast communities|date=26 March 2005|work=[[The Irish Times]]|accessdate=19 February 2008}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/obituaries/2005/0326/1110799558284.html "Strong activist for Irish language and west coast communities"]. ''[[The Irish Times]]''. 26 March 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ nwụrụ na 21 Machị 2005, mgbe ọ dị afọ 76. Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na Galway County Council na Údarás na Gaeltachta n'afọ 2004, mana ọ nọ na-ezube ịgba ọsọ dị ka onye na-azọ onwe ya na ntuli aka 2005 na Údarás.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2005/0322/1110799549795.html|title=Tributes paid to former Fine Gael senator|author=Lorna Siggins|date=22 March 2005|work=The Irish Times|accessdate=19 February 2008}}</ref> == Ihe Nketa == Ó Foighil bụ isiokwu nke 2011 TG4/Broadcasting Authority of Ireland kwadoro ihe nkiri, An Tarbh, nke Mac Dara Ó Cur养ín. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} 4uccusij03r5zegrc0pzp1ftiwkng98 0 58597 628548 628358 2026-04-01T14:00:09Z Psubhashish 3279 mgbaasị okwu + 628548 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:OpenSpeaks-rnp-Bimla-Badwal K.S. Badwal-Nostalgic Past.webm|thumb|Otu di na nwunye na-asụ n'olumba Marcha nke Rongpo]] '''Rongpo''' ({{Audio|OpenSpeaks-rnp-Rongpa-K.S. Badwal-Pronunciation Rongpo.wav|mgbaasị okwu}}; a makwaara dị ka '''Rangpo''' na '''Rang Po Bhasa''' {{Audio|OpenSpeaks-rnp-Rongpa-K.S. Badwal-Pronunciation Rongpo-bhasa 01.wav|mgbaasị okwu}}) bụ asụsụ West Himalayish a na-asụ na Uttarakhand, [[Ndia|India]] . George Abraham Grierson na mbụ kpọrọ asụsụ ahụ olumba '''Garhwal''' nke otu n'ime asụsụ Tibetic, mana ugbu a a na-ewere ya dị ka asụsụ nke onwe ya. == Nkesa ala == A na-asụ Rongpo n'ebe ndị a dị na Uttarakhand, India ( ''Ethnologue'' ). * Ndagwurugwu Niti, Joshimath tehsil, Chamoli District, Garhwal Division, Uttarakhand (na obodo Niti, Gamshali, Bampa, na Malari) * Mana Valley, Joshimath tehsil Chamoli District, Garhwal Division, Uttarakhand : Mana, Indradhara, Gajkoti, Patiya-Dhantoli, Hanuman Chatti, Benakuli, na Aut. == Olumba == A na-akpọ olumba abụọ dị iche iche nke Rongpo Marcha ''(Marchha)'' na olumba Tolcha ''(Tolchha)'', Olumba abụọ ahụ nwere naanị ihe dị iche na ọkwa ụda ma na-ede ya n'otu ụzọ ahụ. === Marcha === [[File:OpenSpeaks-rnp-Marcha-K.S. Bharwal-Bimla Bharwal-Wedding Ceremony.webm|thumb|Di na nwunye na-ekwu maka alụmdi na nwunye ha na asụsụ Marcha si n’obodo Mana, Uttarakhand, India]] A na-asụ olumba Marcha na ndagwurugwu Mana na Niti. === Tolcha === {{Infobox Language|name=Tolcha|region=[[Niti Valley]]|states=[[India]]|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan|extinct=since the 1950s|fam1=[[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]]|fam2=[[Tibeto-Burman]]|fam3=[[Tibeto-Kanauri languages|Tibeto-Kanauri]] (?)|fam4=[[West Himalayish languages|West Himalayish]]|fam5=[[Rongpo language|Rongpo]]|iso3=none}} Enwere ndị na-asụ olumba Tolchha ole na ole na ndagwurugwu Niti. A na-ewerekarị Tolcha dịka asụsụ nke onwe ya na asụsụ dị iche na Rongpo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/the-endangered-and-extinct-languages-of-india-news-194995|title=The Endangered And Extinct Languages Of India|publisher=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|accessdate=2025-01-05|date=5 May 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/ht-school/of-native-tongues-vanished-in-peril/story-gl8BxEWZ2FnTX1irYEWQCK.html|title=Of native tongues vanished & in peril|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|accessdate=2025-01-04|date=12 July 2019}}</ref> UNESCO ''Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger'' ewerela na Tolcha ekpochapụla kemgbe afọ 1950. <ref name="UNESCO">{{Cite web|title=Atlas of the world's languages in danger|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187026|work=[[UNESCO]]|date=2010|accessdate=2024-12-22|author=Christopher Moseley}}</ref> == Ntụaka == mbụ kpọrọ asụsụ ahụ olumba Garhwal nke otu n'ime nwere naanị ihe dị ich{{Reflist}} 6sz7c0e7y1oq89xj7v0n60xw7lpqbdd 0 58781 628573 204138 2026-04-01T20:02:33Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628573 wikitext text/x-wiki Peninah Nthenya Musyimi (amuru Disemba 1978) bu onye oka iwu onye Kenya, onye hibere oru ‘Safe Spaces’, iji nye umu agbogho na-eto eto n’ime mkpọdanu nke Nairobi ike. Ọrụ a na-enweta site na ahụmahụ ndụ ya dị ka onye mbụ si n'agbata obi ya na Mathare Valley gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum. N'afọ 2011, ọ bụ onye nnata ihe nrite Care International's "I Am Powerful". == Ndụ == [[Faịlụ:MathareValleySlum.jpg|thumb|Nlegharị anya nke [[Ndagwurugwu Mathare]] na 2009]] A mụrụ Musyimi na Disemba 1978 n'ógbè Nairobi nke a maara dị ka Mathare Valley . Ezinụlọ ya dara ogbenye ma biri n'ụlọ na-enweghị ụlọ mposi, ya mere ọ na-arụrụ ndị agbata obi ya ọrụ maka ịkwụ ụgwọ ego.<ref name="bhope" /> Mmanya na-aba n'anya, ọgwụ ọjọọ na ịgba akwụna bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na Mathare Valley, nke na-emetụta ikike ndị na-eto eto si ebe ahụ nwere inweta agụmakwụkwọ.<ref name=womenwin>{{Citation|title=Peninah's Story|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijxjtpXJ6PM&list=TLGGlcJdVGaNFT4yMTAyMjAyMg|language=en|access-date=22 February 2022|archive-date=22 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222103457/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijxjtpXJ6PM&list=TLGGlcJdVGaNFT4yMTAyMjAyMg|url-status=live}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị enweghị ejiji ma ọ bụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ, Musyimi jisiri ike malite agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị ya wee ghọọ nwa akwụkwọ magburu onwe ya. Otú ọ dị, o yighị ka ọ ga-enwe ike ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. N'agbanyeghị ihe ndọghachi azụ, o jisiri ike hazie ego, na-aga kilomita 16 (9.9 mi) gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="unplug" /> Musyimi chọrọ ịga mahadum, mana nke a bụ ihe a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ maka nwa agbọghọ si n'ezinụlọ ya, nna ya chọkwara ka ọ lụọ di.<ref name="womenwin" /> Otu ụzọ maka agụmakwụkwọ mahadum nke meghere maka Musyimi bụ ohere nke agụmakwụkwọ dabere na ikike na basketball. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ụlọ egwuregwu ole na ole ebe ọ bi. E nwere ogige basketball na chọọchị ma ọ gwara onye na-egwu basketball n'ebe ahụ ka ọ kụziere ya.<ref name="care" /> Ọ gwara onye na-enye ya ọzụzụ na ozugbo o nwere nkà ahụ, ọ nwere ike ịmepụta otu na chọọchị.<ref name="care" /> Site na ọzụzụ siri ike, ọ gafere ule basketball wee nweta agụmakwụkwọ $ 400 iji gaa Mahadum Nairobi, ebe ọ gụrụ Iwu na Sayensị Ọha. <ref name="care" /> <ref name="unplug">{{Cite web|title=Peninah Nthenya Musyimi|url=https://www.cultureunplugged.com/documentary/watch-online/play/11285/Peninah-Nthenya-Musyimi-|accessdate=21 February 2022|work=www.cultureunplugged.com|archivedate=21 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221194321/https://www.cultureunplugged.com/documentary/watch-online/play/11285/Peninah-Nthenya-Musyimi-}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.cultureunplugged.com/documentary/watch-online/play/11285/Peninah-Nthenya-Musyimi- "Peninah Nthenya Musyimi"]. ''www.cultureunplugged.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220221194321/https://www.cultureunplugged.com/documentary/watch-online/play/11285/Peninah-Nthenya-Musyimi- Archived] from the original on 21 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="bhope" /> Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ si n'ogige Mathare Valley gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum.<ref name="unicef">{{Cite book|author=Fund (UNICEF)|first=United Nations Children's|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zXa9DwAAQBAJ&dq=musyimi+peninah&pg=PA61|title=State of the World's Children 2012: Children in an Urban World|date=31 December 2012|publisher=United Nations|isbn=978-92-1-059758-6|language=en|accessdate=18 March 2022}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Musyimi zụrụ dị ka onye ọka iwu mana ọ ghọtara na enwere ọrụ ọzọ ọ nwere ike ịchụso.<ref name="care">{{Cite web|date=8 March 2021|title=She is a Basketball Champion and Lawyer: Peninah Musyimi|url=https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/culture/she-is-a-basketball-champion-and-lawyer-peninah-musyimi/|accessdate=24 February 2022|work=CARE|language=en|archivedate=16 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216075135/https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/culture/she-is-a-basketball-champion-and-lawyer-peninah-musyimi/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/culture/she-is-a-basketball-champion-and-lawyer-peninah-musyimi/ "She is a Basketball Champion and Lawyer: Peninah Musyimi"]. ''CARE''. 8 March 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220216075135/https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/culture/she-is-a-basketball-champion-and-lawyer-peninah-musyimi/ Archived] from the original on 16 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> N'afọ 2008, o guzobere "Safe Spaces<ref>{{Cite web|title=Safe Spaces - Nairobi|url=https://www.safespaces-nairobi.org/|accessdate=2024-11-05|work=safespacesnl|language=en}}</ref>" na ego sitere na Schools without Borders na ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya Dutch.<ref name="bhope">{{Cite web|title=Basketball of hope for Nairobi slum children {{!}} Kenya|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/basketball-of-hope-for-nairobi-slum-children--802178?view=htmlamp|accessdate=24 February 2022|work=nation.africa|archivedate=24 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224135042/https://nation.africa/kenya/news/basketball-of-hope-for-nairobi-slum-children--802178?view=htmlamp}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://nation.africa/kenya/news/basketball-of-hope-for-nairobi-slum-children--802178?view=htmlamp "Basketball of hope for Nairobi slum children | Kenya"]. ''nation.africa''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220224135042/https://nation.africa/kenya/news/basketball-of-hope-for-nairobi-slum-children--802178?view=htmlamp Archived] from the original on 24 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> O sokwa [[M. Night Shyamalan Foundation]] (ebe edepụtara ya dị ka onye ndú) na mgbalị mmekorita nke kwadoro ụmụ agbọghọ ọhụrụ 300 ọzọ na Safe Spaces.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peninah Nthenya Musyimi|url=https://mnsfoundation.org/leader/peninah-nthenya-musyimi/|accessdate=2024-11-28|work=M Night Shyamalan Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> Ebumnuche nke nzukọ a bụ ịbawanye obi ike na ohere maka ụmụ agbọghọ na Nairobi. Ọrụ ahụ na-agba ụmụ agbọghọ ume inwe ebumnuche na inye ego iji kwado agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị na mahadum. Ọ na-akụzikwara ụmụ agbọghọ otu esi abụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=In The Spotlight : Peninah Nthenya Musyimi, Safe Spaces|url=https://www.tiaraleadership.com/client-spotlights/peninah-nthenya-musyimi|accessdate=22 February 2022|work=Tiara International LLC|language=en-US|archivedate=22 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222111228/https://www.tiaraleadership.com/client-spotlights/peninah-nthenya-musyimi}}</ref> Ọ malitere site na nzukọ mbụ n'ụlọ ya na obere ìgwè ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, ebe ha kwurịtara otú e si "emeso ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ihe mkpofu". == Onyinye na mmata == N'afọ 2011, CARE nyere ya onyinye "M dị ike" nke afọ ahụ na 100th anniversary nke International Women's Day . <ref name="aaa">{{Cite journal|author=Aafjes|first=Astrid|date=2011|title=Sports: A Powerful Strategy to Advance Women's Rights|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45289532|journal=The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs|volume=35|issue=2|pages=53–63|issn=1046-1868|accessdate=22 February 2022}}</ref> Ọ gara Washington iji nata onyinye ahụ. N'afọ 2014, o kwuru okwu TEDx gbasara akụkọ ya akpọrọ "Abụ m mgbanwe" na Amsterdam. Ruo ọnwa Febụwarị 2022, elelewo ya ugboro 10,000.[1] N'afọ 2019, a kpọrọ ya òkù ka ọ bịa Amsterdam ebe o kwuru gbasara nnwere onwe na mmeghe nke nnọkọ. O kwuru okwu na Cobra Museum iji nyere ụbọchị ụmụ nwanyị mba ụwa aka.<ref name="cobra">{{Cite web|title=Nieuws: Wethouder Gordon: de vrouwenemancipatie is nog niet voltooid|url=https://www.amstelveenweb.com/nieuws-Wethouder-Gordon-de-vrouwenemancipatie-is-nog-ni&newsid=332509800|accessdate=24 February 2022|work=www.amstelveenweb.com|archivedate=24 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224132655/https://www.amstelveenweb.com/nieuws-Wethouder-Gordon-de-vrouwenemancipatie-is-nog-ni%26newsid%3D332509800}}</ref> == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] c51hs3zc0z1ziwht63vvklsi2pvzcae 0 59163 628627 204748 2026-04-02T00:10:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628627 wikitext text/x-wiki Rugie Yatu Barry bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Liberia. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke Liberty Party n'afọ 2015. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya na 2023. Ọ were ọkwa dịka onyeisi oche nke Liberty Party na 2024. == Akụkọ ndụ == Barry bụ onye Agbụrụ Fula.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Teh|first=Lewis S.|url=https://thenewdawnliberia.com/representative-elect-alleges-marginalization-of-fulanis/|title=Representative-elect alleges marginalization of Fulanis|publisher=The New Dawn Liberia|date=January 10, 2024|accessdate=October 7, 2024|archivedate=March 1, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301010010/https://www.thenewdawnliberia.com/representative-elect-alleges-marginalization-of-fulanis/}}</ref> A họpụtara ya dị ka osote onyeisi oche nke ndị otu Liberty Party (LP) na mgbakọ LP nke afọ 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201108220639.html|title=Brumskine-Siakor TIcket Takes Lofa|publisher=AllAfrica|work=The Analyst|date=August 22, 2011|accessdate=October 7, 2024}}</ref> Ọ gbara ọsọ maka House of Representatives na pati ahụ na Ntuli aka nke afọ 2011. <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=National Elections Commission|url=https://www.necliberia.org/pg_img/20111025_NationalProgressiveResultsHandouts.pdf.PDF|title=National Tally Center Tally Report for the Presidential and Legislative Elections on 11 October 2011|date=September 25, 2011|accessdate=October 7, 2024}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onyeisi oche nke nchịkwa na mgbakọ LP nke afọ 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201506292376.html|title=Brumskine-Liberia: Brumskine Re-Elected LP Political Leader|publisher=AllAfrica|work=The Inquirer Newspaper|date=June 29, 2015|accessdate=October 7, 2024}}</ref> Ọ gbara ọsọ ọzọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma maka ụlọ na Ntuli aka nke afọ 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=National Elections Commission|url=https://www.necliberia.org/pg_img/20111025_NationalProgressiveResultsHandouts.pdf.PDF|title=National Tally Center Final Results Report for the Presidential and Representative Elections on 10 October 2017|date=October 19, 2017|accessdate=October 7, 2024}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi kọmitii mba LP.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenewdawnliberia.com/internal-crisis-rocks-lp/|title=Internal crisis rocks LP|publisher=The New Dawn Liberia|date=April 24, 2018|accessdate=October 7, 2024}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ọzọ dịka osote onyeisi oche nke nchịkwa na 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Selma|author=Lomax|url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/front-slider/liberia-musa-bility-elected-chairman-of-liberty-party/|title=Liberia: Musa Bility Elected Chairman of Liberty Party|publisher=[[FrontPage Africa]]|date=January 23, 2021|accessdate=September 19, 2024}}</ref> Na ntuli aka izugbe nke afọ 2023, a họpụtara Barry na tiketi ndị otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na-arụkọ ọrụ na Ụlọ ahụ iji nọchite anya mpaghara 1st Montserrado County.[1] Na Septemba 2024, onyeisi oche nke LP, Musa Bility, gbara arụkwaghịm. Dịka osote onye isi oche, Barry weghaara ọrụ nke onye isi oche LP ozugbo. Ọ ghọrọ onye ndu n'oge usoro mweghachi nke pati ahụ, nke kọmitii na-emekọrịta ihe na-emekọrịta ihe nke onye bụbu onye isi oche Bility na onye ndu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Nyonblee Karnga-Lawrence guzobere..<ref>{{Cite web|author=Greene|first=Claudius T., Jr.|url=https://www.liberianobserver.com/politics/rep-rugie-barry-succeeds-bility-as-lp-chairperson/article_bdea93be-7bd9-11ef-8102-7bd355beb760.html|title=Rep. Rugie Barry Succeeds Bility as LP Chairperson|publisher=[[Liberian Observer]]|date=September 26, 2024|accessdate=October 7, 2024}}</ref> == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 5a7fgcccqin3xwa8uxwqc07ehgty9gr 0 59329 628648 204956 2026-04-02T05:31:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628648 wikitext text/x-wiki Savannah Center for Contemporary Art bụ ebe nka nke Ibrahim Mahamah pụtara na Ghana" id="mwCQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tamale, Ghana">Tamale, Ghana. Onye ọrụ ahụ bụ oghere ebe onye na-ese ihe na-arụ ọrụ, ihe ngosi na ebe ihe, ebe nchekwa na ihe ndị ọzọ.. <ref>{{Cite web|author=admin|title=About|url=https://sccatamale.org/about/|accessdate=2020-08-15|work=SCCA Tamale|language=en-US|archivedate=2025-03-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322023724/https://www.sccatamale.org/about/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=cube|first=White|title=White Cube - News and Events - Ibrahim Mahama opens The Savannah Centre for Contemporary Art (SCCA), Tamale, Ghana|url=https://whitecube.com/news/news_and_events/Ibrahim_Mahama_opens_The_Savannah_Centre_for_Contemporary_Art_Tamale_Ghana|accessdate=2020-08-15|work=whitecube.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=Tyburn Gallery|url=http://www.tyburngallery.com/artist/ibrahim-mahama/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-08-15|work=|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi == * Akutia: Ikpuchi Anyanwụ na Abụ nke Udo nke Agyeman Ossei, 'Dota' (Co-Curators Adwoa) <ref>{{Cite web|author=admin|title=Exhibitions|url=https://sccatamale.org/exhibitions/|accessdate=2020-08-15|work=SCCA Tamale|language=en-US}}</ref> * N'ịchọ ihe mara mma, ikekwe... (Nlegharị anya) site n'aka Curator [[Bernard Akoi-Jackson]] (PhD) Ebe == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} bwevcsbvlnb4uu8czottgx0xtsy66e2 0 59349 628545 204999 2026-04-01T13:45:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Language|name=Rogo|states=[[Nigeria]]|region=[[Niger State]]|speakers=?<!--no speaker numbers in the Ethnologue 18-->|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]|fam3=[[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]]|fam4=[[Kainji languages|Kainji]]|fam5=[[Kamuku languages|Kamuku]]|iso3=rod}} '''Rogo''' (nakwa Urogo, Burogo, Ucanja Kamuku) <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sl_dDVctycgC&dq=Rogo+language+kainji&pg=RA1-PA348|title=International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: AAVE-Esperanto. Vol. 1|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195139778|pages=348|language=en}}</ref> bụ asụsụ [[Asụsụ Kainji|Kainji]] nke [[Naijiria]] . A na-asụ ya gburugburu obodo Ucanja nke dị na mpaghara ọchịchị Rafi na Mariga na [[Ȯra Niger|steeti Niger]], yana [[Birnin Gwari]] LGA nke [[Ȯra Kaduna|steeti Kaduna]] gbara agbata obi. <ref name=":0" /> Aha Rogo nwere ike na-ezo aka n'ụdị asụsụ abụọ, ya bụ ụdị [[Kamuku|Cinda-Regi]] na ụdị ọzọ na-abụghị Cinda-Regi. <ref name="Blench">{{Cite web|author=Blench|first=Roger|url=http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Kainji/General/Kainji%20language%20overview.pdf|title=The Kainji languages of northwestern and central Nigeria|publisher=Kay Williamson Educational Foundation|year=2012|accessdate=2025-03-22|archivedate=2020-04-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409170929/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Kainji/General/Kainji%20language%20overview.pdf}}</ref> == Ntụaka == yana Birnin Gwari LGA nke steeti{{Reflist}} 5o4791lmus787qyx2yeajvgq37zlptx 0 59523 628636 210215 2026-04-02T03:10:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|website=}} Sammy Adu Gyamfi [1] (28 Machị 1989) bụ onye ọka iwu na onye ụzọ ụzọ Ghana.  Ọ bụ onye ọrụ mba ugbu a maka National Democratic Congress <ref>{{Cite web|title=Biography of Sammy Gyamfi: hometown, education, positions held, political career|url=https://theindependentghana.com/2020/06/biography-of-sammy-gyamfi-hometown-education-positions-held-political-career/|work=The Independent Ghana|accessdate=28 October 2020|date=3 June 2020|archivedate=5 March 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305031911/https://theindependentghana.com/2020/06/biography-of-sammy-gyamfi-hometown-education-positions-held-political-career/}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Sammy Gyamfi wins; beats Fred Agbenyo with 4,000 votes|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Sammy-Gyamfi-wins-beats-Fred-Agbenyo-with-4-000-votes-701876|work=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=28 October 2020|language=en|date=18 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sammy Gyamfi's data confirms 99.9% of Bawumia's infrastructure data is accurate|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/sammy-gyamfi-s-data-confirms-99-9-of-bawumia-s-infrastructure-data-is-accurate.html|work=Graphic Online|accessdate=28 October 2020|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NDC's Sammy Gyamfi files criminal complaint against Kennedy Agyapong at CID Headquarters|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/ndcs-sammy-gyamfi-files-criminal-complaint-against-kennedy-agyapong-at-cid-headquarters/|work=MyJoyOnline.com|accessdate=28 October 2020|date=6 August 2020|archivedate=22 August 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822143250/https://myjoyonline.com/news/national/ndcs-sammy-gyamfi-files-criminal-complaint-against-kennedy-agyapong-at-cid-headquarters/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NDC has done more for healthcare in Ghana than NPP - Sammy Gyamfi responds to Nana Aba Anamoah - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ndc-has-done-more-for-healthcare-in-ghana-than-npp-sammy-gyamfi-responds-to-nana-aba-anamoah/|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A xiriir Sammy Gyamfi na 28 Machị 1989 n'aka Nana Kofi Genfi ma si Wamfie na mpaghara Bono nke Ghana.[1]  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na St. James Seminary Secondary School.  O mechara gaa Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ Kwame Nkrumah maka nzere mbụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-13|title=Sammy Gyamfi's Biography And All You Need To Know About Him|url=https://www.ghgossip.com/sammy-gyamfis-biography-and-all-you-need-to-know-about-him/|accessdate=2020-12-02|work=GhGossip|language=en-AU|archivedate=2023-08-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822143259/https://www.ghgossip.com/sammy-gyamfis-biography-and-all-you-need-to-know-about-him/}}</ref> == ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == N'afọ 2018 ọ guzoro maka National Communications Officer n'oge mbụ aka mba nke National Democratic Congress ma merie site na ibio onye na-awụ mpi ya bụ onye isi n'ihi okwu nke pati ahụ bụ Fred Agbenyo site na votu 4,000.  Okaala 6,225 n'ime 9,000 vootu ebe onye na-ahọ mpi ya Fred Agbenyo 2,225 vootu.[1][2]  A nsogbu ya ọzọ na 2022 maka apụ anọ ọzọ dị ka onye ọrụ ọrụ mba nke National Democratic Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-12-18|title=Sammy Gyamfi retained as NDC's Communication Officer|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2022/12/sammy-gyamfi-retained-as-ndcs-communication-officer/|accessdate=2022-12-24|work=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1970-01-01|title=Sammy Gyamfi Marries His Campaign Manager|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/lifestyle/hypelordsgh/Sammy-Gyamfi-Marries-His-Campaign-Manager-34781|accessdate=2022-12-24|work=GhanaWeb|language=en|archivedate=2022-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224160602/https://www.ghanaweb.com/lifestyle/hypelordsgh/Sammy-Gyamfi-Marries-His-Campaign-Manager-34781}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Johnson|first=Reymond Awusei|date=2022-12-18|title=Sammy Gyamfi retained as NDC's Communication Officer|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/politics/sammy-gyamfi-retained-as-ndcs-communication-officer/82m1ns9|accessdate=2022-12-24|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en|archivedate=2022-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224160557/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/politics/sammy-gyamfi-retained-as-ndcs-communication-officer/82m1ns9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=AmaGhana|date=2022-08-23|title=Kevin Taylor, Sammy Gyamfi, Akamba, and Sinare's boy declare intention to contest Akatsi South Deputy Communication Officer position|url=https://amaghanaonline.com/2022/08/23/kevin-taylor-sammy-gyamfi-akamba-and-sinares-boy-declare-intention-to-contest-akatsi-south-deputy-communication-officer-position/|accessdate=2022-12-24|work=AmaGhanaonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> === Ebubo === N'na Julaị 2023, o kwuru na New Patriotic Party nwara inye James Gyakye Quayson aka azụ maka ịsọ mpi n'oge ọhụrụ aka nke Assin North.  Ọ gara n'ihu kwuo na pati na-achị achị yiri egwu egwu Quayson ịhụ mgbe ha na-iche ka ọ ike.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-03|title=Assin North: NPP tried to bribe Gyakye Quayson not to contest — Sammy Gyamfi|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/politics/assin-north-npp-tried-to-bribe-gyakye-quayson-not-to-contest-sammy-gyamfi/rhs666s|accessdate=2023-08-17|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == A kpọrọ Gyamfi ka ọ bụrụ onye ọka iwu n'ụbọchị nke 5 n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2018 mgbe ọ gachara ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Adeaga|first=Favour|date=2021-08-13|title=Sammy Gyamfi biography: age, early life, education, wife, latest|url=https://yen.com.gh/191748-sammy-gyamfi-biography-age-early-life-education-wife-latest.html|accessdate=2023-08-17|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Sammy Gyamfi bụ Onye ụgha (Seventh Day Adventist Church) ma lụo di.  [1] [2][3] Ọ bụ onye ọka iwu na-arụ ọrụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ na Ghana ma tinye aka n'ọtụtụ ikpe dị elu na Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|author=modern Ghana|title=Sammy Gyamfi|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1081829/sammy-gyamfi-a-profile-of-the-controversial-lawy.html}}</ref> Ọ na-eje ozi n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke idu ndú kemgbe ọ nọ na mahadum.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Adeaga|first=Favour|date=2021-08-13|title=Sammy Gyamfi biography: age, early life, education, wife, latest|url=https://yen.com.gh/191748-sammy-gyamfi-biography-age-early-life-education-wife-latest.html|accessdate=2023-07-01|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] pb4nppx1r7s0i8i7eg7bhpwa6bzt03v 0 59624 628587 541318 2026-04-01T20:41:30Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628587 wikitext text/x-wiki   Peter Hall (17 Mee 1851 - 1937) bụ onye nkuzi Jamaica a na-achọ na Gold Coast, onye ozi ala ọzọ na Onye isi Presbyterian nke a nchọpụta dị ka onye mbụ nke Presbyterien Church of the Gold Coast, nke ya na ọkwa onye isi oche nke akwụkwọ ndị isi ma ọ bụ onye isi nke ụlọ ọrụ mba, kọkọrọ o nwere site na 1918.[2]  Hall bụ nwa John Hall, otu n'ime ndị ozi ala ọzọ 24 nke West India rutere na Danish Protectorate nke Christiansborg ma ọrụ n'okpuru nkwado nke Basel Evangelical Missionary Society. <ref name=":5">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dEQQAQAAIAAJ&q=autobiography+of+peter+hall|title=Autobiography of Rev. Peter Hall: First Moderator of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana|author=Hall|first=Peter|date=1965|publisher=Waterville Publishing House|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":24">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a5loknGzxTQC|title=Encounters in Quest of Christian Womanhood: The Basel Mission in Pre- and Early Colonial Ghana|author=Sill|first=Ulrike|date=2010|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-9004188884|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|author=Clerk|first=N. T.|date=1943|title=A short centenary sketch : the settlement of West Indian Immigrants on the Goldcoast under the Auspices of the Basel Mission 1843-1943|url=http://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/34871|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403154400/http://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/34871|archivedate=3 April 2018|accessdate=2018-04-03|work=bmarchives.}}</ref> == Oge ọ bụ nwata na ezinụlọ == A Mini Peter Hall na Akropong-Akwapim na Gold Coast na 17 Mee 1851, nwa nke iri n'ime ụmụ iri na otu nke nne na nna ya.  A Washington nne na nna ya, John na Mary Hall, n'ohu na Jamaica.[1][2]  Ndị Hall okenye bịara Gold Coast na 1843 dị ka nke otu ndị ozi ala ọzọ Caribbean Moravian 24 nke onye ozi ala ọzọ Danish, Andreas Riis na Basel Mission Watch na 1843, iji nyere aka n'ahụ nke ọha mmadụ na izisa ozi ọma na ụlọ.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]  Ọ bụ ebe na nne na nna ya bụ [[Jamaikạ|Ndị Jamaica]], Peter Hall weere onwe ya dị ka nwa amaala Akropong-Akuapem.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":24" /><ref name=":34">{{Cite book|title=Pioneers of the Faith: Biographical Studies from Ghanaian Church History|author=Knispel, Martin and Kwakye, Nana Opare|publisher=Akuapem Presbytery Press|year=2006|location=Accra}}</ref> A Masesi nna ya, John Hall na Williamsfield, Jamaica na 1802 ma bụrụ onye na-ahụ-ahụ rum site na ọrụ na Elder ma ọ bụ Presbyter na Irwinhill Moravian Church na Montego Bay.[1][2][3]  A Wall Mary Hall, nne ya, na Williamsfield na 1811 ma bụrụkwa onye nri na arọ Moravian na Irwinhill, Montego Bay.[1][2][3]  Mgbe ha rutere na Ghana, a mgbaàmà John Hall ka ọ bụrụ Elder ma ọ bụ Presbyter mbụ nke Christ Presbyterian Church, Akropong.[3][4]  John Hall ọrụ dị mkpa n'arọ ozi ala ọzọ na ndị akwụkwọ a mkpuchira na Akropong.[3]  Anọ n'ime agba Peter Hall anwụghị mgbe ha bụ nwa ọhụrụ na Jamaica na ise ọzọ ọnwụ mgbe amuchara ha na Gold Coast.  [1] [4] Peter Hall nwere nwanne nwoke nwoke ya, Andrew, mmalite na 18 January 1841 na Williamsfield .  [1] [4] Andrew Hall ihu na 1859 na Gold Coast mgbe obere oge gachara na Germany.  [1] [4] Nwanne nke Hall, nwa ikpeazụ, Rebecca Hall (mgbe e Emmanuel Mrs. Clerk), nke n'afọ Ọgọstụ 1856, ọnwụ na Christiansborg, Osu n'afọ mmiri na 1920. [1] ike nke onwe nke nyere onwe zuru oke nye ndị ohu na Commonwealth Realms nke Ukwu Britain bụ na 1. August kwuru 1.  kwagara Gold Coast dị ka ndị ọrụ afụ n'ihi ịhụnanya maka Oziọma ndị na-eji iji ndị Afrịka na e nwere ike ndị ojii na ụwa.  [1] [3] Ìgwè West Indian na 1843 m na-agụ isii dị iche iche na ndị bachelor atọ: Halls, Greenes, Miller, Mullings, Rochester, na Walkers, na mgbakwunye na Clerk, Hosford na Robinson.  [1] [3] Na 27 Mee 1843, Mary Hall nwa nwoke, Henry Hall na Frederiksgave, obodo ochie na eze ubi nke Gọvanọ Danish nke Gold Coast.  [1] [3].  Henry Hall na-ekiri onye nkuzi-katekizist na-eje ozi na Basel Mission ma zoo na Abomosu ọtụtụ afọ ka e nwee.[1]  Ndị West India si Frederiksgave kwa Akropong n'etiti 17 na 18 June 1843. [1] O were afá ise ka e mee nwa amaala Africa mbụ nọ na Akropong bapuisiisi ma ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ime Gold Coast ebe obibi ha kpamkpam.[1][2]  Ndị Ọrụ Basel nyere Hall ala maka ire ubi na ọrụ ugbo yana ụlọ nkume.  [1] [4] Cocoyam, mango, mgbọ, unere, plantain na pear bụ ike osisi ndị nna Peter Hall na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na West Indian webatara na akụ na nna nri Gold Coast na 1843. <ref name=":5" /> <ref name=":34" /><ref name=":18">{{Cite web|url=http://abuakwayouth.blogspot.com/p/2015-action-plan_79.html|title=Akyem Abuakwa Presbytery Youth: PCG History|work=Akyem Abuakwa Presbytery Youth|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425121124/http://abuakwayouth.blogspot.com/p/2015-action-plan_79.html|archivedate=25 April 2017|accessdate=2017-04-25}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bischoff.no/|title=Bischoff.no – Bischoff.no is the personal blog of Eirik Anfinsen – co-founder of Cymra, anthropologist, and general tech-enthusiast.|author=Anfinsen|first=Eirik|work=Bischoff.no|language=en-GB|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330083336/http://www.bischoff.no/|archivedate=30 March 2017|accessdate=2017-03-29}}</ref> Peter Hall chetara nne ya, Mary ji ndị na-akpọ ya, "Nwa ikpeazụ; obere efere" dị ka ike ma a na-ahụ ya mgbe niile na eriri ya. A iro nna ya dị ka onye siri ike ma na-eti agba Peter Hall ihe maka omume ike.[1] Nne na nna ya bụ ndị na-aga egwuregwu mgbe niile na-ekpegara ekpere ekpere n'oge Ụra. A manyere ya ịgụ [[Akwụkwọ Nsọ|Bible]] akwụkwọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ mgbe ọ bụ nwata. Ezin Hall biri na Hanover Street na Akropong ebe ndị West India niile biri na obere ụlọ. N'icheta ya, o kwuru, "Mgbe m dị obere, echetara m na njikọ nke ndị n'otu ahụmahụ ndị West Indias niile ọnụ. Kama "Mr." ha jiri "nwanne" mee ihe anyị mgbe ha na-ezo aka na ibe ha. Ọ bụ Bro. Clerk ma ọ bụ Bro. Miller na ihe ndị ọzọ, anyị na-akpọ ha mgbe niile "Uncle so and so" ma ọ bụ anyị so na anyị, "Another na anyị anyị". ka 'nwanne nwoke' ma ọ bụ 'nwanne nwoke"" [1] [2] [3] nke ike bụ isi okwu nke Moravian movement, nke a na-akpọre ndị West India.. <ref name=":24" /> <ref name=":40" /> Otu ihe dị ama mere n'oge ọ bụ nwata bụ egwuregwu ụgbọ mmiri nke 1854 nke ndị agha Britain ọbụbụ Osu dị ka ịbọ ụbọ maka n'ahụ nke a haziri maka ụtụ isi ọhụrụ e webatara n'oge ahụ.[1] Hall chetara ịgba ọsọ nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị aha, site na Osu gaa Akropong.[1] Ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ nna ebe obibi nke ha, "Kotobaabi" n'ịkpọ ụlọ ozi ala ọzọ ebe ụmụ na-ere staka (abolo), plantain siri ike, [[osisi siri ike]] (tatale), ọka porridge (mpampa), malt ma ọ bụ abụ ọka (ahai), agwa Bambara (aboboi), osisi na ọka.[1][2] Esemokwu ụtụ isi gbasara na Akropong ebe onye na-anakọta ụtụ isi aha ya bụ Neils Holm na-eleta obodo ahụ ugboro ugboro iji nakọta ụtụ a ákwà na cowries (ntrama), na eriri iri abụọ na ise nke cowries hà shilling na otu penny..<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":34" /> == Agụmakwụkwọ na ọzụzụ == Ọ bụ nne ya ndị Peter Hall ihe n'ahụ.  Ọ akwụkwọ ụlọ ruo 1859 mgbe ọ dị ihe dị ka awụ n'ihi ọrịa ụkwara ume ọkụ ya nke onye nkụzi na onye na-ahụ maka ngwaọrụ ndị eji asụọrọ.[1][2]  Onye na-Ụdị ọrịa, enyi nna Peter, John Hall, na-eleta ụlọ ha ugboro ugboro ma nye aka inyere Peter Hall aka ide ọgwụ a ga-eji mee ihe n'ime ụbọchị atọ.[1][2]  Mgbe ihe ahụ omume omume, ọ nwere ọrịa na-efe efe nke mere ka ọ ngosi n'àkwà ruo ọtụtụ izu tupu otu Maazị Wood, onye bi na ya nyere ọgwụ.[1][2]  Site na ụgbọ nke onye ozi ala ọzọ nke Basel, Auer, onye akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ na enyi nke Halls, Peter Hall debara aha ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị dị n' ahụ ahụ.  N'akwụkwọ, ọ masịghị ya n'ụzọ iwu ma ka oge na-aga ọ bịara nwee mmemme n'akwụkwọ akwụkwọ.  Ọ natara tra n'ịgụ, ide, ụrọ na ọkụ, ọkụ Bible, diski ihe mere eme, na-eri ala, ire, egwù na.[1][2]  Ndị nkuzi ya bụ ndị akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na ntọala ma ọ bụ ndị ọsụ ụzọ nke Basel Mission Seminary, Akropong ma ịkpọ John Rochester (nwụrụ na 1859), Paul Staudt Keteku, Philip Kwabi na Robert Miller .  [1][2] Flogging bụ dị mkpa nke mmanye onye aka ná ntì na òtù nke Basel.  [1] [2] [3] Ọtụtụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na-adịghị ike n'agụm akwụkwọ gbapụrụ n' akwụkwọ ahụ mgbe ha rụpụtara obere oge.  N'afọ 1862, e nwere ala ọma jijiji na Akropong nke ụmụ akwụkwọ niile egwu na onye nkuzi ahụ nke nta ka ọ wụpụ na windo.  Na September 1865, ọ pụta n'akwụkwọ akwụkwọ nke ụlọ nke etiti Basel Mission na Akropong nke dị n'okpuruokpuru nke Reverend Mader na-echere akwụkwọ nke Rev. M. Bellon onye bụ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ na-abata.[1][2]  Ɔ ntọala afɔ atọ kama afɔ anɔ ɔ na-eme iji mezue ya.[1][2]  Ụlọ nwere nkwalite ngwa ngwa ruo n'afọ nke anọ ka achụpụrụ klas a mbụ maka ihe ngosi.[1][2]  Akụ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-amụnye oriọna n' ill akwụkwọ ahụ, nke mere ka ọ narị ọrụ aka ya.  Ọ nwere ihe ngosi Grik ma tinye oge ezumike ya n'ịmụ akwụkwọ ahụ.[1][2]  Onye nkuzi ya na Grik bụ Rev. Simeon Koranteng .  Peter Hall LED nke onye na- ọcha na onye isi ọhụrụ, M. Bellon.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":34" /> N'afọ 1868, Peter Hallibe na Basel Mission Seminary na Akropong iji zụọ dị ka onye nkuzi-katekizist.  [1][2] Rev. J. A. Mader bụ onye isi n'oge ahụ.  Ụmụ klas Hall W. Hyde, E. Ofori, W. Addo na Joshua Adaye.[1][2]  N'afọ ikpeazụ ya na seminarị ahụ, e nwere ike nke kịtịkpa na Akropong na-ahụ ahụ mechiri nwa oge ruo ọnwa anọ.  Mgbe ọrịa ahụ n'ahụ, Peter Hall gara n'ihu na ọkụ ihe ya ma na 18 Ọgọst 1872, Rev. J. G. Widmann raara ya na ụmụ klas ya nye dị ka ndị nkuzi-katọchists.[1][2]  Otu n'ime ndị nkuzi ya, Johnson Johnson ya na okwu nkewa, Matiu 16:24 "Ọ bụrụ na nwoke ọ lara ga-azụ n'azụ m ka ọ gọnahụ onwe ya ma were obe ya soro m" <ref name=":34" /> == Ozizi na ọrụ Ndị Kraịst == A ahụmahụ Peter Hall na Joshua Adaye ka ha bụrụ ndị nkuzi na ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Basel Mission na Akropong .  [1].  N'afọ 1878, mgbe afọ isii dị ka onye nkuzi katkizim, a Peter Hall ka ọ bụrụ Ngalaba Ozi Ndị Na-agagharị agagharị maka Akuapem dum.[1][2]  Ọrụ ya ikwu ikwusa Oziọma n'obodo na obodo nta dị iche iche na ịkpọrọ egwu iri na ise.[1][2]  Ɔ gara obodo ndị dị anya dị ka Nsakye na Nsawam, ya na Rev. Dieterle.[1][2]  Site na 1880 ruo 1882, a na-enyocha Peter Hall ka ọ bụrụ onye katkizim na Akropong ebe ọ bụ onye ọbịa Rev. D. Eisenschmid.  [1][2] Mgbe ọ nọ na Akropong, o mere njem ozi ala ọzọ atọ gaa n'ime ime obodo, na oku nke Rev. Joshua Miller.  [1][2] Njem mbụ na nke abụọ bụ na mpaghara Kwahu, ebe ọ zutere soro Rev. Fritz onye ọrụ.  Ramseyer onye mechara mechara aka na mmeghe nke ụlọ ọrụ ozi ala ọzọ na Asante.  [1][2] Njem nke atọ bụ Buem na Akpafo.[1][2]  N'otu n'ime njem ahụ, nnukwu mmirika mere ka ọ igosi n'okpuru ụlọ mepere emepe n'elu ogwe osisi ya n'ihi na ala ahụ dị mmiri nke ukwuu ka ọ ghara ịgbasa matar ya.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":34" /> Na Machị 1882, a nchọpụta Peter Hall ka ọ bụrụ onye ozizi ụka, ya na N. Asare, E. Obeng na Jermiah Anoba.[1][2]  Ọ bụ Rev. Eisenschmid duziri emume ahụ, nke Solomon Safro, Missionary Weimer na Rev. Karl Quist, onye bụbu onye na-elekọta ụlọ ya na seminarị nke pastọ na Akropong nyere aka.[1][2]  Karl Quist bụkwa nna Emmanuel Charles Quist, onye ọka iwu na onye ọka ikpe nke ikpe onye isi ala Africa mbụ nke Gold Coast Legislative Council na onye isi oche mbụ nke ndị Omeiwu nke Ghana.[3][4][5][6]  N'agbata afọ 1882 na 1888, a mgbaàmà Hall ka ọ bụrụ onye ozi na-ahụ maka Christ Presbyterian Church, Akropong .  [1][2] Ọ chi zutere nke Kete Krachi, "Odent" n'oge ozi ya n'ebe ahụ.[1][2] N'afọ 1888, a nchọpụta ya Peter Hall na Volta District ebe ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na Nkonya .  n'etiti.[1][2] Ọ rí n'ebe ahụ dị ka onye nri-onye ozi ala ọzọ ruo afọ iri na anọ. Ọ gara Ala Testụ n'ebe ekiri nke Botoku na Sohae n'ebe-eme egwuregwu nke Kpando, Anfoega, Buem na Vakpo .  ihu.[1][2] Ndị obodo ahụ Hall "Anise" nke nna 'nasụsụ obodo ahụ.  abụọ.[1][2] O mere ụmụ amaala nke na ọ dịghị onye dị njikerechi onye ochie ahụ mgbe shaman ahụ nwụsịrị.[1][2] Hall gara ọtụtụ ebe obibi dị ka Buem na 1891 ma kwusaa ozi ọma n'obodo nta Jasikan, Worawora, Guaman na Boradaa, Sala Hall na onye Northern ọrụ.[1][2]  Territories.[1][2] O mere njem ọzọ na Adele na Akebu na Rev. P. H. Roesler onye bụ onye ozi ala ọzọ nke Basel nke guzo na Aburi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":34" /> .A kpọfere ya na Tutu na 1902, ebe ọ nwere nnukwu udo ruo afọ atọ.  Mgbe ọ danna maka onye isi, Nana Akuffo, ndị obodo ahụ boro ya ebubo akwụkwọ aka na àmà ala n'etiti ụmụ amaala na ụmụ.  Ka ndị na-arrị elu, ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke Basel, Rev. Samson na Dr. Fisch ga-abanye dị ka ndị ogbugbo iji dozie ahụ ahụ.[1][2]  Otú ọ dị, e nwewe iwe dị ukwuu nke na ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ a echebera ozi ụka.[1][2]  E mechiri ụlọ ekpere ahụ n'otu ụbọchị ngosi wee gaa kwusaa ozi ọma na Obosomase.[1][2]  A kpọfere ya na Larteh nwa oge mana ọ la ike na Tutu ka ndị obodo ahụ na-eyi ihe egwu.  Ndị egwuregwu ụgbọ egwuregwu ire ya.  Otu onye gbara égbè n'ime ụlọ ha mgbe onye akara nke resịrị nyere ya osisi nkwụ la ike iji manye ha ka ha na-esi n'ime ite n'ogige ha<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":34" /> Na January 1908, a kpọfere ya na Adawso ebe ụmụ amaala na-anabata ya nke ukwuu, ọ na-enwe ndị isi ụka ka mgbe ọrụ ya gwụsịrị mgbe awụ ise ọchịchị.[1][2]  Na Febụwarị 1913, Peter Hall la nchekwa Akropong, ebe ndị ọrụ ibe ọhụrụ ya bụ ndị ozi ala ọzọ Germany..<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":34" /> == Onye Nlekọta nke Chọọchị Presbyterian == [[Faịlụ:P_Hall.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|271x271px|[[The Reverend|Rev.]] Peter Hall]] N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, gọọmentị Britain chụpụrụ ndị ozi ala ọzọ Basel na 1917 dị ka "ihe ize ndụ nchekwa ndị mba ọzọ" na Gold Coast dịka ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị German na Swiss German.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|title=PRESEC {{!}} ALUMINI PORTAL|url=http://www.odadee.net/school#history|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330174159/http://www.odadee.net/school|archivedate=30 March 2017|accessdate=2017-03-29|work=odadee.|language=ru}}</ref><ref name=":29" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Clerk, Nicholas Timothy, Ghana, Basel Mission|url=https://dacb.org/stories/ghana/clerk-nt/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328135331/http://dacb.org/stories/ghana/clerk_n.html|archivedate=28 March 2016|accessdate=2017-03-29|work=dacb.}}</ref> Ọganihu ọhụrụ a nyere ohere maka ndị Afrịka nke Basel Mission iji were ibu ọrụ nchịkwa karịa n'agbanyeghị na ha enweghị ahụmịhe na njikwa.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":29" /><ref name=":0" /> Ọrụ Scottish nke Free Church of Scotland nke Rev. A. W. Wilkie duziri weghaara ọrụ ozi ọma na agụmakwụkwọ.<ref name=":29">{{Cite news|url=https://yldaniel.wordpress.com/2015/06/30/hello-world/#_ftnref3|title=THE BEGINNINGS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF GHANA|date=2015-06-30|work=yldaniel|accessdate=2017-09-12|language=en-US}}</ref> Ndị ọrụ Scotland na-arụ ọrụ na Naịjirịa dị nso. <ref name=":5" /> <ref name=":40">{{Cite journal|author=Kwakye|first=Abraham Nana Opare|date=2018|title=Returning African Christians in Mission to the Gold Coast|journal=Studies in World Christianity|volume=24|issue=1|pages=25–45|doi=10.3366/swc.2018.0203}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKwakye2018">Kwakye, Abraham Nana Opare (2018). "Returning African Christians in Mission to the Gold Coast". ''Studies in World Christianity''. '''24''' (1). Edinburgh University Press: <span class="nowrap">25–</span>45. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.3366/swc.2018.0203|10.3366/swc.2018.0203]].</cite></ref><ref name=":34" /> Ndị Presbyterian Scots ọkọlọtọ usoro na nhazi ihe. [1] [2]. [5]. Ọnọdụ Synod Clerk gara ụgbọ nke abụọ nke ozi ala ọzọ nke Jamaica, Nicholas Timothy Clerk.[2][7][8] Na ngwaọrụ Synod nke 1918, nke e mere na Christ Presbyterian Church, Akropong, Peter Hall na Nicholas Clerk dere iwu mbụ nke Presbyterien Church of Ghana. [3] Na Synod, ndị ahụ-ahụ mpaghara iri na otu ya: Christiansborg (Osu) , Abokobi, Odumase-Krobo Aburi, Akropong, Anum, Kyebi, Begoro, Nsaba, Abetifi na Kumasi.[3] Na Synod nke 1922, e ibu Presbyteries ise mbụ: Ga na Adangme; Akuapem na Anum; Agona na Kotoku; Akyem na Okwawu; Asante na Asante Akyem . [3] E meghere ụlọ ọrụ ozi ala ọzọ na Aburi, Larteh, Odumase, Abokobi, Kyebi, Gyadam, Kwahu, Asante, Anum yana mpaghara ndị dị n'ebe ugwu Yendi na Salaga.[3] N'abụ iri abụọ n'afọ Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1922, mgbe a na-adị ka onye nhazi na afọ iri ise nke nkuzi na Ozi Ndị Paịja, Peter Hall lara ezumike nká n'ahụ.. <ref name=":5" /> <ref name=":34" /> == Ndụ onwe onye == N'afọ 1874, ọ na-egosi ọ na-akpọghị aha ya n'ibu ndụ ya.[1][2]  Rev. Widmann duziri emume ahụ.[1][2]  Atɔ n'ime ụmụ alọ mbụ ha ọnwụ mgbe ha bụ ụmụ ọhụrụ.[1][2]  Nwa nke anọ, John Hall lanarị n'oge ọ bụ nwata.[1][2]  A ụmụ anọ ọzọ mana atɔ n'ime ha toro.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":34" /> == Ọrụ == * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Akụkọ ndụ nke Rev. Peter Hall: Onye Nlekọta Mbụ nke Chọọchị Presbyterian nke Ghana''. Accra: Ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Waterville<ref name=":5" /> == Ndụ e mesịrị == Peter Hall nọrọ afọ ezumike nká ya n'obodo nna ya nke Akropong . <ref name=":34" /> == Ọnwụ na ihe nketa == Peter Hall nwụrụ na 1937 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii.[1][2][3][4]  E mere emume olili ozu ya na Christ Presbyterian Church, Akropong ma lie ozu ya n'ebe ochie Basel Mission Cemetery dị n'obodo ahụ.[2][3][4]  Ọrụ Peter Hall na Ozi na izisa ozi ọma ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịgbasawanye ịgụ na ide na akwụkwọ ndị n'ofe obodo dị na mba ahụ, nke abụọ ahụ wetara Mbelata ogbenye ma nyere aka melite ndụ n'ime ime obodo dị na Gold Coast.  [1] [5] Aha Peter Hall dị na ihe ngosi dị n'ebe nsso nke Ebenezer Presbyterian Church, Osu, na-edepụta ndị ozi ala ọzọ na-ebute ụzọ na ahụ, iji kwado nkwado ha nyere maka nkwado na Ozi Ndị na Ghana.  [6] A mbụ Presbyterian na Nkonya Wurpong, azụ Peter Hall iji sọpụrụ ya. == Edensibia == {{Reflist|2}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] p0yatthwlprsafc1t7jwj2b99n5lnc3 0 59625 628584 205434 2026-04-01T20:30:16Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628584 wikitext text/x-wiki   Peter Boakye-Ansah (29 Julaị 1949 - 19 Julaị 2018) bụ onye ụdị ndị Ghana na onye otu nke 1st na 2nd Parliament nke 4th Republic of Ghana .  Ọ bụ onye omeiwu maka mpaghara Ejura Sekyedumasi site na 7 Jenụwarị 1993 ruo 6 Jenụwarụ 2001. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Ghana Parliamentary Register 1992-1996|publisher=Ghana Publishing Corporation|year=1993|pages=141}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Boakye-Ansah na Septemba 1949. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Osei Tutu Training College ebe ọ nwetara asambodo ọzụzụ ndị nkuzi, na Bonsu Agricultural Training School ebe ọ zụrụ dị ka onye enyemaka ọrụ ugbo.<ref name=":0" /> == Ọrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Tupu ọ banye na ndị agha, Boakye-Ansah bụ onye nkuzi a azụ.[1]  Ọ bụ ibu distrikti nke Ejura Sekyedumase tupu ọ banye na ndị omeiwu.  Ọ akara ọrụ dị ka onye otu ndị omeiwu nke mbụ nke mba Ghana nke alọ na tiketi nke National Democratic Congress na 7 January 1993 mgbe ọ meri na ahia aka ndị omeiwu Ghana nke 1992 nke e mere na 29 December 1992.[2][3]  N'oge mmalite aka Ghana nke afọ 1996, Boakye-Ansah guzoro maka oche Ejura Sekyedumase ọzọ, ọ kakwara votu 16,992 nke na-anya anya 62% nke votu.  O jere ozi dị ka onye omeiwu maka mpaghara Ejura-Sekyedumase site na 7 January 1993 ruo 6 Jenụwarụ 2001. Sampson Atakora, onye sikwa na NDC, nọchiri ya..<ref>{{Cite book|author=Ephson|first=Ben|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZ6OAAAAMAAJ&q=Peter+ansah|title=Countdown to 2004 Elections: Compilation of All the Results of the 1996 & 2000 Presidential & Parliamentary Elections with Analysis|date=2003|publisher=Allied News Limited|isbn=978-9988-0-1641-8|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye na ọnwụ == Boakye-Ansah bụ Onye Kraịst.<ref name=":0" /> Ọ nwụrụ na 19 Julaị 2018 mgbe ọ rịasịrị obere ọrịa. <ref>{{Cite web|author=AdomOnline.com|date=2018-07-19|title=Former MP for EJura Sekyedomasi passes away|url=https://www.adomonline.com/former-mp-for-ejura-sekyedomasi-passes-away/|accessdate=2020-10-02|work=Adomonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} inzoromqvc90jgczjbddxmfyay2bukl 0 59676 628610 205494 2026-04-01T22:00:01Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628610 wikitext text/x-wiki Puleng LenkaBula bụ onye South Africa agụmakwụkwọ na onye nchịkwa mahadum. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ osote onye isi oche nke Mahadum South Africa (UNISA) <ref name="news24">{{Cite news|author=Msindisi Fengu|title=Unisa appoints first black female vice-chancellor Puleng LenkaBula|work=news24.com|date=6 November 2020|url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/unisa-appoints-first-black-female-vice-chancellor-puleng-lenkabula-20201106|accessdate=4 March 2021}}</ref> == Mmụta == LenkaBula gụrụ ụkpụrụ omume nkà mmụta okpukpe na Mahadum nke South Africa, na-ede edemede PhD na ụkpụrụ omume nke bioprospecting na 2006. == Ọrụ == Ọ bụ onye isi ụmụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Witwatersrand tupu ya abanye na Mahadum nke Free State (UFS), ebe ọ bụ osote onye isi mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ, ihe gbasara ụmụ akwụkwọ na itinye aka na obodo.[1] Na Nọvemba 2020 ekwuputara ya dị ka onye ga-anọchi Mandla Makhanya dị ka onye isi na osote onye isi oche nke UNISA, na mkpebi otu kansụl mahadum. Nhọpụta ya na-amalite na 1 Jenụwarị 2021, n'agbanyeghị na kansụl agbatịla oge Makhanya ruo Eprel 2021 iji hụ na ntinye aka nke ọma..<ref name="news24" /> == Ọrụ == * {{Cite journal|title=From the womb into a hostile world: Christian ethics and sexual abuse against children in South Africa|journal=Journal of Theology for Southern Africa|volume=114|year=2002|pages=55–68}} * {{Cite journal|title=Justice and Reconciliation in Post-Apartheid South Africa: A South African Woman's Perspective|journal=International Review of Mission|year=2005|volume=94|issue=372|pages=103–111|doi=10.1111/j.1758-6631.2005.tb00489.x|author=Lenkabula|first=Puleng}} * {{Cite journal|title=A journey on the path of an African feminist theologian and pioneer, Mercy Amba Oduyoye: continuing the pursuit for justice in the church and in society|journal=Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae|volume=34|pages=1–27}} * {{Cite journal|title=Beyond Anthropocentricity – Botho/Ubuntu and the Quest for Economic and Ecological Justice in Africa|journal=Religion and Theology|volume=15|issue=3–4|year=2008|pages=375–394|doi=10.1163/157430108X376591|author=Lenkabula|first=Puleng}} == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] b9kgu780ns63y8uhnpst9e02o0ggjzf 0 65325 628682 621525 2026-04-02T11:50:06Z Chinemeremprince 13026 628682 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chiara Daraio''' bụ onye Ịtali-Amerịka na-ahụ maka sayensị ihe onwunwe na onye injinia na-ahụkarị maka ụda. Ọ bụ Prọfesọ nke ndị Bradford Jones Prọfesọ nakwa Injinia Mechanical na Applied Physics na California Institute of Technology. == Ntunye == Nnyocha Daraio na-emepụta ihe onwe ọhụrụ ndị na-ejikọta ihe kemịkal na-adọrọ mmasị na ihe owuwu e mere na micro- na macro-scales. Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ntunye ya gụnyere ụdị nke Newton nke nwere ike ịmepụta "mgbọ ụda" - ebili mmiri na-elekwasị anya nke ọma iji mebie ihe; {{R|brill|cradle}} mgbidi jupụtara na ihe ndị na-agba bọl nke nwere ike ịgafe ụda n'otu ụzọ; {{R|ballpit|engadget}} robots 3d na ebipụta ma mgbakọta onwe ya; [4] panel anyanwụ maka ọrụ mbara igwe nke e ji polymer na-echeta ọdịdị mee na ìhè; [4] na akpụkpọ anụ na-emetụta okpomọkụ nke e ji pectin mee maka ma robotic na prosthetic ojiji.{{R|roll}}{{R|solar}}{{R|viper}} Ọrụ ya nwere ngwa na robotics dị nro, ngwaọrụ ahụike, na mmetọ ịma jijiji. == Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ == Daraio nwetara akara ugo mmụta, ana kpokwa laurea, na injinia igwe site na Mahadum Marche Polytechnic n'afo 2001, na Ph.D. nke sayensị na injinịa ihe n'afo 2006 site na Machị California, San Diego.{{R|bio}} Akwụkwọ edemede ya, Design of materials: Configurations for enhanced phononic and electronic properties, bụ nke Prọfesọ Sungho Jin na Vitali F. Nesterenko jikọrọ aka ọnụ lekọta.{{R|diss}} Ọ sonyeere ngalaba California Institute of Technology (Caltech) n'afo 2006, ma nọrọ ebe ahụ kemgbe ezumike ọrụ ya site n'afo 2013 ruo 2016, iji were oche nke Mechanics na Materials nke ETH Zurich. Na Caltech, ọ malitere na mbụ na ngalaba Aeronautics na Applied Physics, ebe a kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ prọfesọ zuru oke na 2010; ọ kwagara na Ngalaba Injinịa Mechanical na Applied physics na 2016. Ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka G. Bradford Jones Prọfesọ na Ngalaba Injinia na Sayensị A na-etinye n'ọrụ ma na-eje ije ozi dị ka Caltech Director nke NSF Center to Stream Healthcare in Place (C2SHIP). {{R|bio}} == Nkwado == N'afọ 2018, Daraio meriri na UC San Diego Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Outstanding Alumna Award, "maka ihe ndị pụtara ìhè ọ rụzuru na metamaterials na sayensị ihe onwunwe".{{R|alum}} Daraio natara Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) site n'aka Onye isi ala Obama n'afọ 2012. A họpụtara ya dị ka onye ibe Sloan Research na'afo 2011. N'afọ 2010, Popular Science ghọtara Daraio dị ka otu n'ime "Brilliant 10" ma nata kwa ihe nrite ONR Young Investigator Award. O meriri ihe nrite NSF CAREER n'afo 2009. Daraio nwetakwara ihe nrite Felice De Carli nke Italian Metallurgical Society na 2006, na Richard von Mises Prize nke Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik n'afọ 2008. {{R|fdc}}{{R|mises}} == Edensibia == <nowiki>.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</nowiki> == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.daraio.caltech.edu/ Òtù Nnyocha Daraio] * Chiara Daraiombipụta ndị edepụtara site na Onye Ọkà mmụta Google {{Authority control}}Njikwa ikike{{DEFAULTSORT:Daraio, Chiara}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Daraio, Chiara}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:University of California, San Diego alu]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị no na sayensị ihe onwunwe na injinia]] ntcvo7yghonvxldxdaa4jy38f07wa4t 0 67161 628654 537936 2026-04-02T07:01:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628654 wikitext text/x-wiki Sevidzem Ernestine Leikeki (amụrụ 1985) bụ onye na-akwado ihu igwe si Cameroon na 2021 enwetara ya dị ka BBC 100 Women, maka "ụmụ nwanyị na-emepụta mgbanwe na-adịgide adịgide". Ọ bụ onye na-akwado ihu igwe na okike sitere na mpaghara North-West nke Cameroon, ọ bụkwa onye guzobere Cameroon Gender and Environment Watch.<ref name="reuseLikeThis">{{Cite web|date=2019-12-16|title=Sevidzem Ernestine Leikeki is Women Empowerment and Environment Officer of Cameroon Gender and Environment, a non profit devoted to caring for nature while promoting the rights of women.|url=https://www.worldpulse.com/community/users/leikeki/posts/93235|accessdate=2021-12-07|work=World Pulse|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209094548/https://www.worldpulse.com/community/users/leikeki/posts/93235}}</ref> Ọ na-arụ ọrụ iji kwụsị ịzụ ahịa ụmụaka, na 2010, na North West nke Cameroon.<ref name="reuseLikeThis" /> Ọ gara ihe omume United Nations Council of Parties Climate Change dị ka Glasgow, 2021, COP26, wee merie ihe nrite Gender Just Climate Solutions maka ngwọta mgbanwe, na 2019 <ref>{{Cite web|title=CAMGEW|url=https://www.camgew.org/|accessdate=2025-11-07|archivedate=2017-05-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512044442/https://www.camgew.org/}}</ref> nakwa na 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-10|title=Congratulations! Here are the 2019 Gender Just Climate Solutions award winners|url=https://www.wecf.org/congratulations-here-are-the-2019-gender-just-climate-solutions-award-winners/|accessdate=2021-12-07|work=WECF|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-09|title=Gender Just Climate Solutions Scale Fund: 2021 Pilot Winners|url=https://wedo.org/gender-just-climate-solutions-scale-fund-2021-pilot-winners/|accessdate=2021-12-07|work=WEDO|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Leikeki na 1985, ma nwee ụmụ anọ. Obodo ya dị n'ime oke ọhịa na ala ubi nke na-enye nkụ, mana ọ na-enweta ịda ogbenye. Ọ bụ onye na-agba mbọ na-arụ ọrụ maka ịha nhatanha nwoke na nwanyị na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na ike nke ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị. Enyere Leikeki nzere bachelọ na iwu nkịtị site na Mahadum Yaounde II.. <ref name="reuseLikeThis"/> Leikeki bụ onye na-ahụ maka ihu igwe na okike, na-etinye aka na ọrụ ihu igwe nke na-eduga na uru na ohere akụ na ụba yana agụmakwụkwọ gburugburu ebe obibi. Nke a na-agụnye Ịkụ osisi, agụmakwụkwọ banyere iwepụta wax aṅụ na ime mmanya aṅụ, yana ncha na lotions site na wax aṅụ. Ọ na-ekwu na "Ego na-aha nhata ego, na-aha ọrụ, na-ada nhata nwoke na nwanyị, na-acha nchedo". Ọ na-arụ ọrụ iji nye ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị ike iji mee ka ọganihu na-adịgide adịgide.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ernestine Leikeki Sevidzem: A "forest generation" living in harmony with nature|url=https://ted2srt.org/talks/ernestine_leikeki_sevidzem_a_forest_generation_living_in_harmony_with_nature|accessdate=2021-12-07|work=ted2srt.org|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207120909/https://ted2srt.org/talks/ernestine_leikeki_sevidzem_a_forest_generation_living_in_harmony_with_nature}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Empower Women - Profile|url=https://www.empowerwomen.org/en/community/people/65276bb5-c3f6-4737-9e9a-d832004fed81/sevidzem-ernestine-leikeki|accessdate=2021-12-07|work=EmpowerWomen|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=COP poster winner|url=https://www.wecf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Cop25-Poster-Winner-and-WGC-A0-27.11.-5.pdf}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule 2020, nzukọ ya akụwo osisi 86,000, maka ibelata ihu igwe, yana inye agụmakwụkwọ gburugburu ebe obibi. Ebumnuche ya bụ ịkwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị na nke akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi, yana ịkwalite olu ụmụ nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-09|title=Gender Just Climate Solutions Scale Fund: 2021 Pilot Winners|url=https://wedo.org/gender-just-climate-solutions-scale-fund-2021-pilot-winners/|accessdate=2021-12-07|work=WEDO|language=en-US}}</ref> Cameroon Gender and Environment Watch (CAMGEW), nzukọ ya, na-enyekwa ụmụ nwanyị aka ịgbanahụ ime ihe ike n'ụlọ, ma nyere ụmụ nwanyị 800 aka.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-10|title=Congratulations! Here are the 2019 Gender Just Climate Solutions award winners|url=https://www.wecf.org/congratulations-here-are-the-2019-gender-just-climate-solutions-award-winners/|accessdate=2021-12-07|work=WECF|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Mgbasa ozi == Leikeki kwuru Okwu TED n'afọ 2010, na "Ọgbọ ọhịa', na-ebi n'ụzọ kwekọrọ na okike".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sevidzem|first=Ernestine Leikeki|title=Ernestine Leikeki Sevidzem {{!}} Speaker {{!}} TED|url=https://www.ted.com/speakers/ernestine_leikeki_sevidzem|accessdate=2021-12-07|work=www.ted.com|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ ọkà okwu na [[Global Landscapes Forum]], ma nọrọ na mgbasa ozi maka ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na mgbanwe ihu igwe. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sevidzem Ernestine Leikeki|url=https://events.globallandscapesforum.org/speaker/sevidzem-ernestine-leikeki/|accessdate=2021-12-07|work=Global Landscapes Forum Events|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-16|title=Color for Conscience!|url=https://patch.com/california/san-francisco/color-conscience|accessdate=2021-12-07|work=San Francisco, CA Patch|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2021-12-07|title=BBC 100 Women 2021: Who is on the list this year?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-59514598|accessdate=2021-12-07}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na onyinye == * 2021 - BBC 100 Women.<ref name=":0"/> * 2021 - Gender Just Climate Solutions onye mmeri. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-09|title=Gender Just Climate Solutions Scale Fund: 2021 Pilot Winners|url=https://wedo.org/gender-just-climate-solutions-scale-fund-2021-pilot-winners/|accessdate=2021-12-07|work=WEDO|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2019 - Gender Just Climate Solutions onye mmeri.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-10|title=Congratulations! Here are the 2019 Gender Just Climate Solutions award winners|url=https://www.wecf.org/congratulations-here-are-the-2019-gender-just-climate-solutions-award-winners/|accessdate=2021-12-07|work=WECF|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ebemsibịa == {{Reflist}}  [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 3b1ltw5zdm6frko0kdzwm078htpyith 0 71928 628572 628308 2026-04-01T19:29:12Z Geraldine Kene 23189 Fixed reference error 628572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}} Mgbukpọ ndị mmadụ na Baga malitere na 16 Eprel 2013 n'obodo nta Baga, Naijiria, na steeti Borno, mgbe e gburu ihe ruru ndị nkịtị narị abụọ, merụọ ọtụtụ narị ndị mmadụ ahụ, na ihe karịrị ụlọ puku abụọ na azụmaahịa ruru ọtụtụ nde Naira ka emebiri.<ref name="website">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriaintel.com/2013/04/23/baga-massacre-crimes-against-humanity-by-nigerian-army/|title=Baga Massacre: Crimes against humanity by JTF?|work=Nigeria Intel|accessdate=6 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512235508/http://www.nigeriaintel.com/2013/04/23/baga-massacre-crimes-against-humanity-by-nigerian-army/|archivedate=12 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="nossiter">{{Cite news|author=Nossiter|first=Adam|title=Massacre in Nigeria Spurs Outcry Over Military Tactics|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/30/world/africa/outcry-over-military-tactics-after-massacre-in-nigeria.html|accessdate=29 April 2013|work=The New York Times|date=29 April 2013}}</ref> Ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, ndị ọrụ obodo, na òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ boro [[Nigerian Armed Forces|Ndị agha Naijiria]] ebubo na ha gburu ogbugbu ahụ; ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ agha boro ndị òtù nnupụisi Boko Haram ụta.<ref name="nossiter" /> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Ọtụtụ puku mmadụ anwụọla n'ọgụ na Naịjirịa kemgbe mmalite nke ọgbaghara nke òtù nnupuisi Biko Haram kpatara n'afọ 2009, <ref name="dixon">{{Cite news|author=Dixon|first=Robyn|authorlink=Robyn Dixon (journalist)|date=22 April 2013|title=Dozens killed in gun battles in northern Nigeria|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-nigeria-gun-battles-20130422,0,3590693.story|accessdate=2 May 2013}}</ref> nke malitere n'ebe ugwu Naịjiria. E gburu onye ndú nke nnupụisi ahụ, [[Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram)|Mohammed Yusuf]], na [[Maiduguri]] nke Borno Steeti na 2009. Dị ka ''The New York Times'' si kwuo, ndị agha Naijiria ejirila "ụkpụrụ ala ọkụ" mee ihe n'ọgụ ha na-alụso Boko Haram, nke a na-adị egbu ndị nkịtị mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara ndị dara ogbenye. A na-ejikarị ogbugbu ndị mmadụ tupu ogbugbu nke Baga dịka ntaramahụhụ megide ndị nkịtị, na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla iwu na Naijiria.<ref name="nossiter" /> Onye isi nke Multinational Joint Task Force Brigadier General Austin Edokpaye boro ndị bi na Baga ebubo na ha na-echebe ndị òtù Boko Haram tupu mwakpo ahụ.<ref name="Channels TV" /> Baga bụ obere obodo e ji ịkụ azụ mara n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri Chad, <ref name="akinlotan">{{Cite news|author=Akinlotan|first=Idowu|title=Baga massacre: Jonathan's words return to haunt him|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/idowu-akinlotan/baga-massacre-jonathans-words-return-to-haunt-him/|accessdate=29 April 2013|work=The Nation (Nigeria)|date=28 April 2013}}</ref> nso n'ókè Chad na Niger. == Ihe Ndị Mere == N'uhuruchi nke 16 Eprel, ndị òtù Boko Haram mesoro ndị agha gọọmentị n'otu ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha na mpụga Baga, gbuo otu n'ime ha.<ref name="nossiter" />Dị ka ndị bi ebe ahụ si kwuo, ndị agha kpokọọrọ ọtụtụ ndị agha ọzọ na ụgbọala eji aga ọgụ laghachi.<ref name="nossiter" /> Ndị agha ka a na-ekwu na ha ji mmanụ ụgbọala wụọ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ndị dị na Baga ma gbaa obodo ahụ ọkụ, na-agbagbu ndị obodo ahụ ndị nwara ịgbapụ.<ref name="nossiter" /><ref name="HRW Baga" /> Mmiri riri ụfọdụ ndị na-anwa ịgbaga n'ime Ọdọ Mmiri Chad n'ebe ahụ, ebe ndị ọzọ nwerenwuru ike ịgbalaga n'ime ọhịa ndị gbara ya gburugburu.<ref name="nossiter" /> Dị ka ndị bi ebe ahụ si kwuo, ndị agha ahụ gara n'ihu na-ere ụlọ ọkụ na Baga na 17 Eprel. <ref name="HRW Baga" /><ref name="Daily Trust: Survivors Stories">{{Cite news|author=Ibrahim|first=Yahaya|title=Baga massacre: Survivors tell their stories|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/weekly/index.php/top-stories/12418-baga-massacre-survivors-tell-their-stories|accessdate=13 July 2015|date=27 April 2013}}</ref> Brigadier General Austin Edokpaye kwuru na naanị ndị nkịtị mmadụ isii na otu onye ọlụagha ka e gburu ebe ndị ọlụagha gbùrù ndị Boko Haram mmadụ iri atọ.<ref name="Daily Trust: Survivors Stories" /><ref name="Channels TV">{{Cite news|title=37 Not 185 Died in Baga Clash, We Were Never Unprofessional – Army|url=http://www.channelstv.com/2013/04/23/37-not-185-died-in-baga-clash-we-were-never-unprofessional-army/|accessdate=13 July 2015|date=23 April 2013}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.channelstv.com/2013/04/23/37-not-185-died-in-baga-clash-we-were-never-unprofessional-army/ "37 Not 185 Died in Baga Clash, We Were Never Unprofessional – Army"]. Channels Television. 23 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ gakwara n'ihu kwuo na naanị ụlọ ájá iri atọ ka a gbara ọkụ nke n'ọ bụkwa ngwá ọgụ ndị Boko Haram malitere ọkụ ndị ahụ.<ref name="Daily Trust: Survivors Stories" /><ref name="Channels TV" /> Ndị bi n'obodo ahụ na ndị ọrụ obodo na-ebo ebubo na ihe ha ka mmadụ narị abụọ ka e gburu, na gbaakwa ụlọ karịrị puku abụọ ọkụ.<ref name="Daily Trust: Survivors Stories" /><ref name="HRW Baga">{{Cite news|title=Nigeria: Massive Destruction, Deaths From Military Raid|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/05/01/nigeria-massive-destruction-deaths-military-raid|accessdate=13 July 2015|publisher=Human Rights Watch|date=1 May 2013}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/05/01/nigeria-massive-destruction-deaths-military-raid "Nigeria: Massive Destruction, Deaths From Military Raid"]. Human Rights Watch. 1 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="nossiter" /> Ndị ihe mere ka a kọrọ na ha karịrị n'ụmụaka na ndị agadi.<ref name="nossiter" /> Ebe 17 Eprel, ndị mmadụ merụrụ ahụ dị òtù narị na iri itoolu na atọ ka e bugara n'ụlọ ọgwụ obodo ahụ ịnata ọgwụgwọ.<ref name="Daily Trust: Survivors Stories" /> Foto ndị e si na satalaịt see nke Human Rights Watch nyochara na-egosipụta na opekatampe ụlọ dị puku abụọ, narị abụọ na iri asaa na ise ka e mebiri, ebe ụlọ ndị ọzọ dị otu narị na iri abụọ na ise ka a labigara n'iyi oke..<ref name="HRW Baga" /> == Mmeghachi omume == Mgbe ogbugbu ahụ gasịrị, gọọmentị Naijiria nọ n'okpuru nrụgide siri ike site n'aka gọọmentị mba ụwa na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi gasị, na-eduga nzukọ omeiwu Naijiria ịkpọ oku maka ime nnyocha.<ref name="nossiter" /> Ndị nta akụkọ na-anwa ịbanye n'obodo ahụ n'onwe ha ka ndị agha Naijiria gbochiri.<ref name="nossiter" /> === Ngọnahụ nke Ndị agha Naijiria === Brigadier General Chris Olukolade kwuru na onye ọ bụla na-ata ndị agha Naijiria ụta nwere ọmịiko na Boko Haram, nke o kwuru na ọ bụ ha kpatara ogbugbu ahụ n'ihu na ha si n'ime obodo ahụ gbaa ndị agha gọọmentị égbè.<ref name="nossiter" /> === Nkatọ gọọmentị Mba US === Onye na-anọchite anya osote onye na-ekwuchitere Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọchịchị nke [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] bụ Patrick Ventrell, na 22 Eprel 2013, katọrọ esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị ọrụ nchekwa Naijiria na ndị agha Boko Haram na Baga, na-agba ndị ọchịchị ume ịkwanyere ikike mmadụ ùgwù. <ref name="ThisDay">{{Cite news|title=...UN, US, Others Condemn Killings|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/-un-us-others-condemn-killings/145798/|accessdate=13 July 2015|date=24 April 2013}}</ref> === Nnyocha nke Naịjirịa Tiri Iwu Ya === Onye isi ala Naịjirịa [[Goodluck Jonathan]] site na onye ndụmọdụ ya pụrụ iche na mgbasa ozi, Reuben Abati, nyere iwu ka e mee nnyocha zuru òkè banyere ndị nkịtị nwụrụ n'agha dị n'etiti Boko Haram na ndị agha Naịjiria na ngwụsị izu.<ref name="PM News">{{Cite news|title=Jonathan orders probe of Baga Massacre|url=http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2013/04/22/jonathan-orders-probe-of-baga-massacre/|accessdate=13 July 2015|date=22 April 2013}}</ref> === Nnyocha nke National Human Rights Commission === [[Otu Na-ahụ Maka Ikike Ruuru Mmadụ na Mba Naijiria|National Human Rights Commission]] nke Naịjirịa mara ọkwa na 29 Eprel 2013 na ọ ga-eme nchọpụta banyere ihe merenụ. <ref name="Premium Times">{{Cite news|author=Ekott|first=Ini|title=Nigeria's Human Rights Body Launches Broad Inquiry into Baga Massacre|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/131951-nigerias-human-rights-body-launches-broad-inquiry-into-baga-massacre.html|accessdate=13 July 2015|date=30 April 2013}}</ref> Na Jun 2013, kọmitii ahụ wepụtara akụkọ nwa oge. Akụkọ ahụ kwuru na kọmitii ahụ enweghị ike ileta Baga n'ihi enweghị ike nke ndị ọrụ nchekwa iji hụ maka nchekwa nke ndị ọrụ kọmitii. Otú ọ dị, akụkọ ahụ rụtụrụ aka n'akụkọ ka ihe mere nke ndị uwe ojii nke chọpụtara na ndị agha nọ na Baga "malitere ịgba égbè aghara aghara n'ebe onye ọ bụla a hụrụ, nakwa na ndị agha "gbara ogige ise dị na Baga ọkụ kpamkpam".<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Baga Incident and the Situation in North-East Nigeria: An Interim Assessment and Report|date=June 2013|publisher=The National Human Rights Commission|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/wp-content/files/2013/07/NHRC-Baga-Report.pdf|pages=14, 18–19|accessdate=13 July 2015}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Mgbukpọ ndị mmadụ nke afọ 2015 na Baga * Ndepụta nke ogbugbu ndị mmadụ na Naịjirịa * Ndepụta nke ihe omume ndị na-eyi ọha egwu, Jenụwarị-Jun 2013 == Edensibịa == * Human Rights Watch (1 Mee 2013), Nigeria: Nnukwu mbibi, Ọnwụ site na mwakpo ndị agha[https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/05/01/nigeria-massive-destruction-deaths-military-raid ''Naịjirịa: Nnukwu mbibi, Ọnwụ site na mwakpo ndị agha''] * The National Human Rights Commission (June 2013), [http://www.premiumtimesng.com/wp-content/files/2013/07/NHRC-Baga-Report.pdf ''Ihe mere na Baga na ọnọdụ dị na North-East Nigeria: Nnyocha na Akụkọ N'oge''] k03hpbh8coe9fe3af4of7ihf5grz17s 0 72583 628635 596026 2026-04-02T02:32:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Salome Makamba | honorific_prefix = [[Honourable]] | honorific_suffix = [[Member of parliament|MP]] | office = [[Member of Parliament (Tanzania)|Member of Parliament]] | term_start = November 2020 | term_end = | predecessor = ''Special Seats'' | successor = ''Special Seats'' | constituency = ''Women Rep'' | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|02|18|df=y}} | birth_name = Salome Wycliffe Makamba | birth_place = [[Shinyanga Region]], Tanzania | country = Tanzania | party = [[CHADEMA]] | education = Uhuru Secondary School <br> Kowak Girls' Secondary school | alma_mater = [[Tumaini University]] }} '''Salome Wycliffe Makamba''' (amụrụ 18 n'ọnwa Febuwari afọ 1987) bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Tanzania na onye otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị CHADEMA. A họpụtara ya ka onye otu Pụrụ Iche oche dịka onye nnọchi anya ụmụ nwanyị ma na-eje ozi dị ka onye otu nzuko omeiwu kemgbe 2020. <ref name="SWM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/379|title=Hon. Salome Wycliffe Makamba|publisher=Parliament of Tanzania|accessdate=2026-02-22|archivedate=2024-11-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127003925/https://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/379}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arushapressclub.or.tz/2020/12/mdee-aivimbia-chadema-hatuondoki.html|title=Mdee aivimbia CHADEMA: "Hatuondoki, tumekuzwa Chadema tutapambana hadi mwisho"|accessdate=2026-02-22|archivedate=2023-07-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719231046/https://www.arushapressclub.or.tz/2020/12/mdee-aivimbia-chadema-hatuondoki.html}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] o7hgjbxmc0ojzpoqkhjjrq1xg0y135u 0 72654 628631 595729 2026-04-02T01:10:37Z Adeyinka Ekundayo 24305 628631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}} '''Samuel Abdulai Jabanyite''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ghana na onye otu nzuko omeiwu nke asaa nke Republic of Ghana nke anọ na-anọchite anya Chereponi Constituency na Northern Region na tiketi National Democratic Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana MPs - List of MPs|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5365|accessdate=2019-03-11|work=GhanaMps.}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == Samuel Abdulai Jabanyte (amuru n'ọnwa Maachi 4 afọ 1972) bu onye Ghana nke tinyere aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Abdulai nwetara B.ED. (Social Studies) sitere na Mahadum Cape Coast, nzere Master of Governance sitere na ulọ Akwụkwọ Ọchịchị na Ọchịchị, GIMPA, asambodo sitere na Mahadum Cranfield, Ghana Armed Forces and Staff Command College, nke Management Development and Productivity Institute, Institute of Local Government Studies, na Madison Pine, U.K.<ref>{{Cite web|author=GhanaWeb|title=Ghana Famous People|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Samuel-Abdulai-Jabanyite-2440|work=GhanaWeb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-12|title=Peace in Chereponi will be sustained - MP|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2019/06/peace-in-chereponi-will-be-sustained-mp/|accessdate=2026-02-20|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ntuaka == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] a77kk5fj91re4pvoastzwcxpfsrlw5y 0 72655 628630 623388 2026-04-02T00:57:41Z Adeyinka Ekundayo 24305 628630 wikitext text/x-wiki '''June Bernice Matilda Holst-Roness''' (Juun 10, 1929 – Febụwarị 14, afọ 2008) bụbu onye isi obodo Freetown, Sierra Leone n'okpuru ọchịchị APC nke Siaka Stevens. June Holst-Roness bụ nwanyị nke abụọ onye isi obodo Freetown. N'ime oge ya obodo ejikọtara na Hull, England. == Ndabere == Dr. June Holst-Roness onye mụrụ ya bụ Adjuah ​​Spaine. Ọ gụrụ maka ọgwụ na Mahadum St. Andrews dị na Scotland na ọ bụ ebe ahụ ka ọ zutere di ya bụ nwa akwụkwọ Norwegian, Rolv Holst-Roness. . June nwere ọrụ na-aga nke ọma dị ka onye isi dibịa bekee n'ahụ maka nsogbụ ahụ ụmụ nwanyi na dibịa bekee n'eleta ụmụ nwanyi di ịme, ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ojii mbụ a kpọrọ òkù ịbịa China ma nweekwa ụlọ akwụkwọ aha ya bụ Dr. June Holst Roness Municipal School, maka ntinye aka ya dịka onyeisi obodo yana dọkịta. == Isi mmalite == * https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203726/http://news.sl/drwebsite/publish/article_20057723.shtml * http://cocorioko.net/app/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=435&Itemid=1 * https://web.archive.org/web/20221111093521/http://www.peepsierraleone.com/news/templates/article.asp?articleid=158&zoneid=7 * https://web.archive.org/web/20141129064131/http://www.fssgukbranch.com/portfolio/mayor-june-holst-roness/ suqjh16pcglgpu5xj479fzxad063acf 0 72717 628588 595915 2026-04-01T20:47:23Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 628588 wikitext text/x-wiki Peter nke Toledo bụ onye nsụgharị Latin dị mkpa nke narị afọ nke iri na abụọ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu na-akwado nsụgharị Latịn mbụ nke Qur'an (Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete). Peter nke Toledo bụ onye nsụgharị Latin dị mkpa nke narị afọ nke iri na abụọ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu na-akwado nsụgharị Latịn mbụ nke Qur'an (Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete) <ref name="Kritzeck">Kritzeck, J. [http://www.salaam.co.uk/knowledge/quran-translation.pdf Robert of Ketton's translation of the Qur'an]: Peter the Venerable recounted that because Peter of Toledo was not as familiar with Latin as he was with Arabic, he was assisted by another brother, Peter of Poitiers.</ref> mana ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọrụ ahụ n'ozuzu ya, ya na ndị ọzọ atọ maara Arabic, Robert nke Ketton, Herman nke Carinthia, onye Alakụba a na-akpọ Mohammed yana Peter nke Poitiers, onye malitere ịcha Latin. Kritzeck na-eto Peter nke Toledo maka ịhazi ma kọwaa nchịkọta ahụ, mana nkọwa a dabere na Peter bụ onye dere nkọwa ndị a na-amaghị aha ha n'ihe odide nke dị na France. mana o tinyere aka dị mkpa n'ọrụ ahụ dum, na-arụkọ ọrụ na mmadụ atọ ndị ọzọ maara asụsụ Arabic, Robert nke Ketton, Herman nke Carinthia, onye Alakụba a na-akpọ Mohammed nakwa Peter nke Poitiers, onye mere ka asụsụ Latin dị ọcha.[1] Kritzeck kwuru na Peter nke Toledo mere atụmatụ ma depụta aha ya, mana nkọwa a dabere na Peter bụ onye dere ihe ndị a na-akpọghị aha n'akwụkwọ edemede nke ka dị na France. == Ihe edeturu == {{Reflist}} == Ihe odide == * James Kritzeck (1964), Peter the Venerable na Islam''Peter Onye A Na-asọpụrụ na Islam'' i6uxjztzd61cepk5yoy75acq7maib6z 0 72773 628605 596102 2026-04-01T21:45:12Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628605 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:22em;" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: lightcoral; color:inherit;" |Proto-Aslian |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nrụzigharị nke&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |[[Aslian languages|Asụsụ Aslian]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Onye e wughachiri<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="text-align:left;">[[Proto-Austroasiatic|Ebe Ọdịdị nke Austria]]</div> |} '''Proto-Aslian bụ asụsụ mbụ e ji asụsụ ndị Aslia nke Peninsular Malaysia na ndịda Thailand emegharị. Timothy Phillips (2012) rụgharịrị ya''' . == Ụdị ndị e wughachiri == Ụdị 289 e wughachiri Proto-Aslian dị n'okpuru ebe a sitere na Phillips (2012:259-262).   == Ihe ọhụrụ e ji emepụta okwu == Nhọrọ Aslian lexical innovations dị ka Paul Sidwell chọpụtara (2021): <ref name="WOL-MSEA-11" /> {| class="wikitable" !Nkọwa !Proto-Aslian !Kensiu ![[Jahai]] ![[Asụsụ Semnam|Semnam]] ![[Asụsụ Semelai|Semelai]] |- |'obi ilu' |*Kụda |kadek |kadɛk |Kdɛk |Kpatụ |- |'mkpokoro' |*suəm | - |N'ihi ya, ọ bụghị |Nkọwapụta: |smsɔm |- |'Bear' |*kawãːp |kawap |kawip |Ka elu: | - |- |'ihe na-atọ ụtọ' |*gəhɛːt |N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ya |bhɛt |bhɛt |Ya na ya bụ (Temoq) |} == Nkwekọrịta ụdaolu == O yiri ka Proto-Aslian nwere ụfọdụ njikọ fonologik na Nancowry, na-egosi na enwere ike ịnwe alaka ma ọ bụ njikọ Southern Austroasiatic nke gụnyere Aslian na Nicobaric. Gérard Diffloth (2008) na-egosi ntụnyere ndị a[1] (dịka e hotara na Sidwell 2021) <ref name="WOL-MSEA-11">{{Cite book|author=Sidwell|first=Paul|title=The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia|chapter=Classification of MSEA Austroasiatic languages|publisher=De Gruyter|date=2021|doi=10.1515/9783110558142-011|pages=179–206|isbn=9783110558142}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSidwell2021">Sidwell, Paul (2021). "Classification of MSEA Austroasiatic languages". ''The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia''. De Gruyter. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">179–</span>206. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1515/9783110558142-011|10.1515/9783110558142-011]]. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9783110558142|<bdi>9783110558142</bdi>]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242599355 242599355].</cite></ref>). {| class="wikitable sortable" !Nkọwa !Proto-Aslian !Nancowry |- |'ụlọ-ụgbọelu' |*ruəj |juəj |- |'wasp' |*gr-tuəʔ |A na-atụfu ya |- |'nwa' |*kuən |kuən |- |'ịcha' |*kuɔc |koac |- |'ụra' |*-m na-eji |ʔinfoaʔ |- |'mkpịsị aka' |*c- (n) r-uɔs |kisoah |- |'anọ' |*puọn |foan |} == Hụkwa == * Asụsụ Proto-Austroasiatic == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} 6kgiyxxpzhkvofempaf70c898y0vfms 0 72817 628643 596197 2026-04-02T04:03:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Language|name=Sapuan|nativename=''Səpuar''|states=[[Laos]]|speakers=480 (1999)<br>to 1,000|date=2003|familycolor=Austro-Asiatic|fam2=[[Bahnaric languages|Bahnaric]]|fam3=[[West Bahnaric languages|West]]|fam4=[[Oi language|Oi–The]]|iso3=spu|map=Sapuan language.jpg}} '''Sapuan''' (aha njirimara: səpuar) bụ asụsụ Mon-Khmer nke a na-asụ n'otu obodo Ban Sapuan, nke dị ihe dị ka kilomita iri anọ n'ebe ugwu Attapeu. Jacq na Sidwell (1999) na-enye obere ụtọasụsụ. Sidwell (2003) kọrọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dị ihe na-erughị 1,000. Chazée (1999:93) na-enye atụmatụ dị ala nke 480 == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20210611234412/https://www.academia.edu/1546654/A_handbook_of_comparative_Bahnaric A Handbook of comparative Bahnaric, Vol. 1: West Bahnaric] E debere Wayback Machine''. Pacific Linguistics, 551. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University * Jacq, Pascale na Paul Sidwell (1999). "Sapuan (Səpuar)." Lincom Europa. München * http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage) * [[hdl:10050/00-0000-0000-0003-9041-C@view|http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-9041-C@view]] Sapuar na RWAAI Digital Archive {{Austro-Asiatic languages}} m42d004ff43iud255756zkspibf9iw5 0 72877 628596 596320 2026-04-01T21:16:01Z Mirah50 16972 Fixed reference errors 628596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Language|name=Prai|nativename=Thin|states=[[Thailand]], [[Laos]]|speakers={{sigfig|35,000|1}}|date=2001|familycolor=Austro-Asiatic|fam2=[[Khmuic languages|Khmuic]]|fam3=Mal–Phrai|iso3=prt}} Prai (Phray) ma ọ bụ Phai, nke a makwaara dị ka Thin (Htin), bụ asụsụ Mon-Khmer nke Thailand na Laos. E nwere ọtụtụ olumba ndị nwere njikọ chiri anya, mana ha enweghị nghọta nke ha na-akpọ Prai na Thin. Ha na Mal nwekwara njikọ chiri anya, ha na-etolite otu asụsụ Mal-Phrai, nke a na-akpọkarị asụsụ Lua' (n'ihi na ndị Lua na-asụ ha). == Ọmụmụ ụdaolu == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Ndị na-ekwu okwu n'ezie <ref name=":0">Steven Moran and Daniel McCloy and Richard Wright. 2019. Prai sound inventory (PH). In: Moran, Steven & McCloy, Daniel (eds.)</ref> ! colspan="2" | !Akpụkpọ ahụ !Alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Mkpịsị aka |- ! colspan="2" |Ụgbọ imi |m |n |ɲ |ŋ | |- ! rowspan="2" |Kwụsị !plain |p |t |c |k |ʔ |- !implosive |ɓ |ɗ | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Ihe na-esiri ike | | |ç | |h |- ! colspan="2" |Ihe atụ |w |l |j | | |- ! colspan="2" |Ihe na-atọ ụtọ | |r | | | |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Ụdalelị Eziokwu <ref name=":0" /> ! ! rowspan="2" |N'ihu ! rowspan="2" |Central ! colspan="2" |Ịlaghachi azụ |- ! !<small>Enweghị gburugburu</small> !<small>Gburugburu</small> |- style="text-align: center;" !N'akụkụ |i | |ɯ |u |- style="text-align: center;" !N'etiti |e |ə | |o |- !N'etiti oghere | | | |ɔ |- style="text-align: center;" !Emeghe |æ |a | | |} Mkpụrụedemede niile nwere ike ịdị ogologo ma ọ bụ dị mkpụmkpụ. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} 4u7xn9luazsiohg4hliz9s15p3c1x0d 0 72978 628602 596513 2026-04-01T21:40:31Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628602 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Faịlụ:Prosvitapublicationcover.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ihu akwụkwọ mbụ e bipụtara]] '''Prosvita''' (Ukrainian), kemgbe 1991 nke akpọrọ '''All-Ukrainian Prosvita Society nke a kpọkwasịrị aha Taras Shevchenko''' (Всеукраїнське товариство ̆ <ref name="Товариству Просвіта 145 років">{{Cite web|title=Товариству "Просвіта" 145 років|url=https://zbruc.eu/node/16373|date=2013-12-07|work=Zbruč|accessdate=2025-06-02}}</ref> bụ òtù na-eweta mmụta nke ebumnuche ha bụ ichekwa ma kwalite ọdịbendị, agụmakwụkwọ na sayensị nke Ukraine, nke e hiwere na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu na'Ala Eze Galicia na Lodomeria nke Austria-Hungary Dị ka nkwupụta nke ndị guzobere ya si kwuo, e mepụtara òtù ahụ dị ka ihe na-egbochi ọdịdị Russophile na ọha mmadụ Ukraine nke oge ahụ. == Akụkọ Mmalite == [[Faịlụ:Міська_стрільниця(Львів).jpg|thumb|Ihe owuwu ebe e guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ]] [[Faịlụ:Палац_Любомирського,_Ринок,_Львів.png|thumb|Isi ụlọ ọrụ Prosvita Society dị na Lubomirski Palace, LvivObí Lubomirski, Lviv]] Ndị nnọchiteanya iri isii na ise sitere na mpaghara dị iche iche na ìgwè ndị ụbụrụ na-aghọ nkọ guzobere Prosvita na 1868 na Lviv, ọtụtụ n'ime ha si n'otu obodo ahụ. A họpụtara Anatole Vakhnianyn ka ọ bụrụ onye isi mbụ nke Prosvita Society. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha afọ 1913, Prosvita nwere òtù ndị ọzọ no ya n'okpuru dị iri asaa na asaa yana imeụlọ ọgụgụ akwụkwọ dị puku abụọ narị isii na iri anọ na asatọ. Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ na Duchy nke Bukovina, na-azọrọ nke na-abụghị eziokwu na ndị Ukraine bụ ndị agbụrụ ka n'ọnụ ọgụgụ n'ógbè ahụ nakwa na Ndị Rom bụ ndị na-eme ihe ike, ndị na-enweghị isi dị nta n'ọnụ ọgụ<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rolul Bisericii Ortodoxe Române din Bucovina în politica Austriacă|language=ro|url=https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/reviste/Acta-Moldaviae-Meridionalis/37_Acta-Moldaviae-Meridionalis_XXXVII-2016_090.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418163358/https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/reviste/Acta-Moldaviae-Meridionalis/37_Acta-Moldaviae-Meridionalis_XXXVII-2016_090.pdf|archivedate=2025-04-18}}</ref><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (October 2025)">dubious</span></nowiki>&#x20;&#x2013; discuss''&#x5D;</sup> Mgbe Mgbanwe Ọchịchị Russia Mbụ gasịrị, e meghere alaka òtù ahụ n'ógbè ndị Ukraine bi na Russia: Katerynoslav na Odesa (1905), Kyiv (1906), Kamianets-Podilskyi, Zhytomyr, Chernihiv, Mykolaiv, Melitopol, Katerynodar na obodo ndị ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, e mechiri òtù Prosvita niile dị na Alaeze Ukwu Russia tupu mmalite nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ebe ndị ọchịchị nke ala eze úkwú ahụ na-ebo ha ebubo na ha na-akwalite nkewa. Ọganihu ọhụrụ nke Prosvita malitere mgbe Mgbanwe Ọchịchị Russia nke afọ 1917 gasịrị, mgbe e weghachiri alaka ya niile na Dnieper Ukraine, Volhynia na Polissia, yana na Kuban na Far East. Otú ọ dị, ndị ọchịchị Soviet na Poland mechiri ọtụtụ n'ime ha ọzọ n'afọ ndị 1920 na 1930. N'otu aka ahụ, alaka Zakarpattian nke Prosvita e guzobere na 1920 ka gọọmentị Hungary mechiri na 1939. Mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ biri, Prosvita gara n'ihu na-etolite na Galicia. Na 1936 naanị, mgbe Western Ukraine na obodo Lviv so na Republic nke Abụọ nke Poland, òtù ahụ meghere ihe karịrị ụlọ ahịa narị ise ọhụrụ nwere ndị ọrụ ọkachamara oge niile. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha oge agha, Prosvita etolitela ịgụnye ndị mmekọ iri asatọ na atọ, imeụlọ ọgụgụ akwụkwọ dị puku atọ, narị abụọ na iri, mbara ezi dị òtù puku, narị abụọ na asaa, ọbá akwụkwọ dị puku atọ, narị abụọ na itoolu (nke nwere akwụkwọ narị puku isii na iri asatọ na asatọ, otu narị na iri asatọ na isii), klọb ime ihe nkiri dị puku abụọ, otu narị na iri asatọ na ise, ndị ọbụabụ dị otu puku, otu narị na iri na ise ndị ukwe na-eji naanị ngwá egwú ekwe egwu dị otu narị na iri atọ na asatọ na òtù ọmụmụ akwụkwọ dị narị ise na iri ise. <ref name="Prosvita">[http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?AddButton=pages\P\R\Prosvita.htm Prosvita] at the [[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]], vol. 3 (1993).</ref> N'afọ 1939, ndị ọchịchị Soviet bịara ọhụrụ mechiri ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ma machibido ya iwu. Prosvita rụrụ ọrụ naanị na Western Europe yana America ruo 1988. Òtù Prosvita mbụ e guzobere na United States bụ na Shenandoah, Pennsylvania na 1887. E mere ka òtù Prosvita dịkwa ọhụrụ na Ukraine n'oge Soviet nke Glasnost nke afọ 1988-89 dị ka Shevchenko Association of Ukrainian Language, ma kemgbe ahụ, ọ na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na ndụ ọha na eze nke Ukraine nweere onwe ya. N'oge a, ọ bụ Dmytro Pavlychko na Pavlo Movchan (onye isi ya ugbu a) duziri ya. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dị elu niile dị na Ukraine nwere njikọ Prosvita nwere ndị nkuzi na ụmụ akwụkwọ dị ka ndị òtù. Ndị ọzọ na-arụsikwa ọrụ ike bụ òtù ndị ntorobịa nke Young Prosvita. N'oge ndị Russia weghaara Donbas na 2014, ọtụtụ ndị òtù Prosvita bụ ndị ndị na-akwado ndị Russia na-elekwasị anya. Na Luhansk, Ndị Agha nke Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ jidere ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na prọfesọ mahadum bụ onye isi nke Prosvita n'obodo ahụ na Jun 2014. Ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị, ọ nwụrụ n'agbụ. N'ọnwa gara aga tupu nke ahụ, ndị agha nkewa zuru ohi n'ụlọ onye òtù Prosvita na Druzhkivka ma gbuo onye òtù Krasnyi Lyman Prosvita n'imeobodo Shandryholove. == Ọrụ Ha == [[Faịlụ:UkraineKM-513.gif|thumb|Mkpụrụ ego ncheta "otu narị afọ na iri anọ nke Taras Shevchenko All-Ukrainian "Prosvita" Society"]] Ebumnuche íwú kwadoro nke Prosvita Society: * Ịkwalite asụsụ Ukrainian dị ka naanị asụsụ steeti na Ukraine * Idebe ụkpụrụ nke mmadụ, nghọta, nkwenye okpukpe na nke obodo na ọha mmadụ * Inye aka n'iwu na iwusi steeti Ukraine ike na mmepe akụ na ụba ya * Ịgbasa akụ na ụba, iwu na ụdị ihe ọmụma ndị ọzọ * Inye aka n'ịkwalite ikike asụsụ na ọdịbendị Ukraine na mba ofesi * Ichebe na ime ka gburugburu ebe obibi na ụdị dị iche iche dị iche iche == Ndị Ndú == === Alaeze nke Galicia na Lodomeria === * 1868–???? Anatole Vakhnianyn * 1906-1906 [[Yevhen Olesnytsky]] * 1906-1910 [[Petro Ohonovsky]] * 1910-1922 [[Ivan Kyvelyuk]] === Alaeze Ukwu Russia === ==== Gọọmenti Kyiv ==== * 1906-1909 Borys Hrinchenko ==== Gọọmenti Chernigov ==== * 1906-1911 Mykhailo Kotsyubynsky ==== Gọọmenti Kharkov ==== * 1912–???? (dị ka Kvitka-Osnovianenko Association) ==== Odesa (Governorate of Kherson) ==== * Mykhailo Komarov<ref>{{Cite web|title=Перша тріщина московського імперіалізму: як царський маніфест 120 років тому випустив «українського джина»|date=2025-10-17|url=https://tyzhden.ua/persha-trishchyna-moskovskoho-imperializmu-iak-tsarskyj-manifest-120-rokiv-tomu-vypustyv-ukrainskoho-dzhyna/|accessdate=2025-10-17}}</ref> ==== Gọọmenti Yekaterinoslav ==== * 1905–???? (dị ka Ukrainian Association of Literature and Arts) ==== Gọọmenti Podolia ==== * ? ==== Oblast Don Host ==== * 1907-1913 [[Zakhar Barabash]] === Poland === * 1922-1923 [[Ivan Bryk]] * 1923-1931 [[Mykhailo Halushchynsky]] * 1931-1939 [[Ivan Bryk]] === Ukraine === * 1988-1989 Roman Ivanychuk (dị ka Shevchenko Native Language Society) * 1989-1990 Dmytro Pavlychko (dị ka Shevchenko Association of Ukrainian Language) * 1990-dị ugbu a Pavlo Movchan (nke mbụ dị ka Shevchenko Association of Ukrainian Language na kemgbe 1991 - Prosvita) <ref name="Товариству Просвіта 145 років" /> == Hụkwa == * Shevchenko Scientific Society * Hromada (òtù nzuzo) * Ihe osise == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] b4dyi53nr01d9mex70q7pmy69i137oz 0 73244 628641 597014 2026-04-02T03:51:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628641 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" style="width:26em" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" |Sandra Ozabor |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#b0c4de;color:inherit;" |Ihe ọmụma nkeonwe |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aha zuru ezu&nbsp; | class="infobox-data fn" style="vertical-align:middle;" |Sandra Ehinomen Ozabor |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mba | class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;" |Naịjirịa<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A mụrụ ya | class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1997-11-04</span>)</span> Nọvemba 4, 1997 <span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (afọ 28) &nbsp;</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Obodo a | class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;" |[[Benin City|Obodo Benin]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ogologo | class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;" |182 cm (6 ft 0 in) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ibu | class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;" |63 kilogram (139 lb) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Spike | class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;" |290 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Akụkụ | class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;" |270 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#b0c4de;color:inherit;" |Ihe ọmụma banyere volleyball |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ọnọdụ | class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;" |[[Middle blocker|Onye na-egbochi etiti]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Klọb dị ugbu a | class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;" |Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corp (NSCDC) |} '''Sandra Ozabor''' (amụrụ na Nọvemba 4, 1997, na Benin City) bụ onye egwuregwu volleyball nke Naịjirịa nke na-arụ ọrụ dịka onye na-egbochi etiti maka Nigeria security and civil defense corp (NSCDC) na otu egwuregwu volleyball nke ụmụnwaanyị nke Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Player - Sandra Ehinomen Ozabor - FIVB Continental Olympic Qualification 2020|url=https://en.volleyballworld.com/en/volleyball/coqt/2020/cavb-women/teams/ngr-nigeria/players/sandra_ehinomen_ozabor?id=80617|accessdate=2024-05-06|work=en.volleyballworld.com|archivedate=2024-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506230353/https://en.volleyballworld.com/en/volleyball/coqt/2020/cavb-women/teams/ngr-nigeria/players/sandra_ehinomen_ozabor?id=80617}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa === Ọ nọchitere anya Naijiria na 2019 African Games na Rabat, [[Morocco]] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Saliu|first=Mohammed|date=2019-08-15|title=Nigeria Volleyball Federation release list of players for 2019 African Games|url=https://www.brila.net/nigeria-volleyball-federation-release-list-of-players-for-2019-african-games/|accessdate=2024-05-06|work=Latest Sports News In Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> Ozabor so n'òtù egwuregwu volleyball ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa nke na-asọmpi asọmpi Tokyo 2020 na Cameroon nke ga-eme site na Jenụwarị 2 ruo Jenụwarị 9, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Oluwalowo|first=’Tosin|date=2020-01-01|title=Volleyball: 12 players invited for Olympics qualifiers|url=https://punchng.com/volleyball-12-players-invited-for-olympics-qualifiers/|accessdate=2024-05-06|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=III|first=Admin|date=2020-01-01|title=Volleyball Olympic Qualifiers: We want to make history – Coach Ajayi|url=https://blueprint.ng/volleyball-olympic-qualifiers-we-want-to-make-history-coach-ajayi/|accessdate=2024-05-06|work=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=V'Ball Coach, Ajayi, Vows to Make History with Tokyo Olympics Qualifier – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://content.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/01/02/vball-coach-ajayi-vows-to-make-history-with-tokyo-olympics-qualifier/|accessdate=2024-05-06|work=[[This Day]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Kuti|first=Dare|date=2020-01-01|title=Samuel Ajayi: We want to make Olympic history|url=https://aclsports.com/samuel-ajayi-we-want-to-make-olympic-history/|accessdate=2024-05-06|work=ACLSports|language=en-GB}}</ref> Sandra Ozabor bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu volleyball iri na itoolu Samuel Ajayi kpọrọ aha ịnọchite anya Naịjirịa maka asọmpi Volleyball ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka nke iri abụọ na otu nke na-ewere ọnọdụ site na 14 Ọgọst ruo 29 Ọgọust 2023 na Yaounde, [[Kameroon|Cameroon]]. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Adegboyega|first=Bayo|date=2023-08-05|title=NVBF invites 19 players for 2023 Continental Championship {{!}} Ogun State Broadcasting Corporation|url=https://ogunradio.ng/2023/08/05/nvbf-invites-19-players-for-2023-continental-championship/|accessdate=2024-05-06|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=2023-08-06|title=NVBF invites 19 players for 2023 Nations Championship|url=https://gazettengr.com/nvbf-invites-19-players-for-2023-nations-championship/|accessdate=2024-05-06|work=Peoples Gazette Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Kuti|first=Dare|date=2023-08-13|title=Volleyball: Ajayi unveils squad for 2023 African Women's C'ship|url=https://aclsports.com/volleyball-ajayi-unveils-squad-for-2023-african-womens-cship/|accessdate=2024-05-06|work=ACLSports|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu volleyball na-anọchite anya Naijiria n'oge 13th African Games na [[Ghana]] nke na-ewere ọnọdụ site na 8 Machị ruo 23 Machị 2024 . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-01-19|title=Nigeria Volleyball: Women's Team-Players List Released For The 13th All African Games In Ghana - Govima News|url=https://govima.com/news/nigeria-volleyball-womens-team-players-list-released-for-the-13th-all-african-games-in-ghana/|accessdate=2024-05-06|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ochicha|first=Lovette|date=2024-01-20|title=#13th African Games: Nigerian Women's Volleyball Team Announces 25-Player Squad for 13th African Games|url=https://www.sports247.ng/13th-african-games-nigerian-womens-volleyball-team-announces-25-player-squad-for-13th-african-games/|accessdate=2024-05-06|work=Sports247 Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 9abxzwbbhld5gs1fml12pmtwngg0ixc 0 73293 628615 597086 2026-04-01T22:20:08Z Chiziqa 13055 Fixed reference error 628615 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Purna_kaji_tamrakar.jpg|thumb|258x258px|Purna Kaji Tamrakar]] [[Faịlụ:Nepalese_Chamber1943.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Tamrakar (guzo ọtọ, aka ekpe) na Lhasa na 1947.]] '''Purna Kaji Tamrakar''' (Nepali: पूर्णकाजी ताम्रकार) (1920 - 2009) bụ onye ahịa Nepalese, onye edemede na onye nta akụkọ rụrụ ọrụ ịzụlite Nepal Bhasa n'oge gọọmentị na-akpagbu ndị edemede.<ref name="Kayastha2009" /> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Tamrakar na Maru, Kathmandu nye nna Jagat Muni na nne Pun Laxmi Tamrakar. Mpaghara ahụ dị na nsọtụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Kathmandu Durbar Square. Ebe obibi nna nna Tamrakar dị nso na nnukwu stupa ma mara ya dị ka Tagwah Chibha nke pụtara "nnukwu stupa". Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Kolkata, India wee laghachi Kathmandu wee lụọ Hira Devi. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2025)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Ọrụ == Tamrakar bụ onye ahịa Lhasa. Na 1940, ọ gara Lhasa, Tibet wee sonye n'ụlọ azụmahịa nwanne nne ya.[1] Tamrakar na-azụ ahịa, ma bụrụkwa odeakwụkwọ nke Chamber of Commerce Nepalese, Lhasa<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&u=http://repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/26487/2/Nepal_cat.pdf&ei=n8eCT5LqMcXZrQeatOHRBQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAjge&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpurna%2Bkaji%2Btamrakar%26start%3D30%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26prmdo%3D1%26biw%3D1015%26bih%3D575%26prmd%3Dimvnso|title=Tokyo University of Foreign Studies Graduate School of Arts and Graduate School of Regional|date=31 March 2007|accessdate=9 April 2012}}</ref> . Mgbe ọ nọ na Lhasa, ọ zutere onye ahịa Nepali ọzọ bụ Pushpa Ratna Sagar, nke kpaliri ya ide ma jeere asụsụ nne ya ozi. E bipụtara edemede mbụ ya na magazin ''Dharmodaya'' na 1948. Tamrakar laghachiri Kathmandu na 1948. E wepụrụ ihe mgbochi maka mbipụta na Nepal Bhasa mgbe a kwaturu usoro ndị eze Rana ma guzobe ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na 1951. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://npi10month.blogspot.com/2010/02/history-of-nepali-journalism.html|title=History of Nepali Journalism|publisher=Nepal Press Institute|date=15 February 2010|accessdate=9 April 2012}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, Tamrakar, Sagar na onye ahịa ọzọ Ratna Man Singh Tuladhar malitere magazin a na-ebipụta kwa ọnwa nke a na-akpọ ''Thaunkanhe'' (8:30) na ego ndị ahịa Nepalese nyere na Lhasa. Ndị mmekọ atọ ahụ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ, osote onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ magazin mbụ na Nepal Bhasa nke e bipụtara site na Nepal. Tamrakar bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ''Thaunkanhe'' site na 1951 ruo 1957. == Ebe obibi akwụkwọ == N'afo 1952, ndị mmekọ atọ ahụ hibere igwe obibi akwụkwọ nke ha aha ya bụ Nepal Press iji kwalite mbipụta na Nepal Bhasa. Ọ dị na 11/122 Asan Tyouda Tol, Kathmandu. Ha guzobekwara Thaunkanhe Publications Division nke bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ. Ka ọ dịgodị, Tamrakar nwetara nzere BA (Sahitya Ratna) na Nepal Rastriya Vidyapeeth, Birgunj na 1953. Ọ so na ụmụ akwụkwọ anọ mbụ.<ref name="Kayastha2009">{{Cite news|author=Kayastha|first=Chhatra Bahadur|title=Bhasa Thuwa Purna Kaji Tamrakar Lumanka|work=Thaunkanhe|date=April 2009}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKayastha2009">Kayastha, Chhatra Bahadur (April 2009). "Bhasa Thuwa Purna Kaji Tamrakar Lumanka". ''Thaunkanhe''.</cite> Pages 60-67.</ref> E wezụga ide ihe, Tamrakar tinyere aka n'ọrụ ndị Buddha, a họpụtakwara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote odeakwụkwọ nke Dharmodaya Sabha na 1956 mgbe ọ nwere nzukọ mba ụwa nke anọ nke World Fellowship of Buddhists na Kathmandu. Dharmodaya Sabha bụ òtù ndị Buddha nke ndị mọnk Buddha chụpụrụ na Nepal guzobere na 1944 na Sarnath, India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dharmodaya.org/history.htm|title=History of Dharmodaya Sabha|date=2011|accessdate=10 April 2012}}</ref> N'afọ 1960, Tamrakar na Sagar rere òkè ha na Nepal Press na Tuladhar, a kwagara ya na New Road. Tamrakar gara n'ihu na-ede ma bipụta akwụkwọ isii gbasara omenala, akwụkwọ, ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme na ahụmahụ ya na Tibet. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ Nepal Ritu Pau, onye na-agụ akwụkwọ kwa afọ. Site na 2000 ruo 2005, ọ bụ onye isi ala Nepal Bhasa Parisad (Nepal Bhasa Council).<ref>{{Cite news|title=First novelist of Nepal Bhasha felicitated|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/the-kathmandu-post/2010/01/28/Business/ASA-with-Turkey-to-open-way-for-Turkish-airlines/4534/|accessdate=9 April 2012|work=The Kathmandu Post|date=18 December 2003}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == N'afọ 2004, ụlọ akwụkwọ Nepal Bhasha Academy nyere Tamrakar onyinye Danyahira Sirpa maka akwụkwọ maka ọrụ ya pụrụ iche na onyinye ya na mpaghara Nepal Bhasha na ọdịbendị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nepalbhashaacademy.org.np/awards.htm|title=Danyahira Sirpa Award|publisher=Nepal Bhasha Academy|accessdate=9 April 2012|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120906233746/http://www.nepalbhashaacademy.org.np/awards.htm|archivedate=6 September 2012}}</ref> Nepal Bhasa Parisad kwupụtara na ọ bụ Bhasa Thuwa ("onye nlekọta asụsụ") na 2009. <ref name="Kayastha2009">{{Cite news|author=Kayastha|first=Chhatra Bahadur|title=Bhasa Thuwa Purna Kaji Tamrakar Lumanka|work=Thaunkanhe|date=April 2009}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKayastha2009">Kayastha, Chhatra Bahadur (April 2009). "Bhasa Thuwa Purna Kaji Tamrakar Lumanka". ''Thaunkanhe''.</cite> Pages 60-67.</ref> == Edensibia == <references /> {{Reflist}} 5wi1aglr8qy1xepolui3h2siozlx4w9 0 73302 628590 597097 2026-04-01T20:56:11Z Mirah50 16972 Fixed reference errors 628590 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Phatte_bahadur_singh.jpg|thumb|257x257px|Phatte Bahadur Singh na 1956]] [[Faịlụ:Nepal_bhasa_patrika_fp.jpg|thumb|263x263px|Peeji ihu nke ''Nepal Bhasa Patrika'' nke 5 Nọvemba 1960]] '''Phatte Bahadur Singh''' (Nepali: फत्तेबहादुर सिंह्) (1902–1983) bụ onye na-ede uri na onye nta akụkọ Nepalese onye malitere akwụkwọ akụkọ ụbọchị mbụ na Nepal Bhasa. A kpagburu ya ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ maka ọrụ ya iji zụlite asụsụ nne ya.<ref name="bare_url">{{Cite web|url=https://npi10month.blogspot.com/2010/02/history-of-nepali-journalism.html|title=History of Nepali Journalism|publisher=Nepal Press Institute|date=15 February 2010|accessdate=27 April 2012}}</ref> A mụrụ Singh na Kathmandu nye nna Kuldip na nne Dev Lani Singh. Ọ bụ nwa nwa onye na-ede uri Siddhidas Mahaju. Singh bipụtara abụ mbụ ya akpọrọ "Bānmalāhgu Chāl" (nke pụtara "mmegharị ọjọọ") na Buddha Dharma wa Nepal Bhasa na 1930. == Mkpọrọ Mkpọrọ == Ọchịchị Rana nke Nepal jụrụ Nepal Bhasa, a na-enye ndị edemede na ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ nsogbu ma tụọ ha mkpọrọ. A mara Singh ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ndụ ya niile maka idezi na ibipụta akwụkwọ edemede nke ndị na-ede uri dị iche iche akpọrọ ''Nepali Bihar'' na 1939.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Tumbahang|first=Govinda Bahadur|title=Marginalization of indigenous languages of Nepal|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_go2754/is_1_37/ai_n57777062/|accessdate=27 April 2012|work=Contributions to Nepalese Studies|date=January 2010}}</ref> O bipụtara akwụkwọ ahụ na Bettiah, India ma zigara ya Nepal. Mgbe e rere ọkara nke mbipụta ahụ, e weghaara ndị fọdụrụnụ. Singh nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ site na 1941 ruo 1945, mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya na ndị edemede ndị ọzọ Chittadhar Hridaya na Siddhicharan Shrestha. N'afọ 1951,a kwaturu ndị Ranas na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya hiwere na Nepal.[1] Nke a wetara nnwere onwe ibipụta ihe na Nepal Bhasa. == ''Nepal Bhasa Patrika'' == N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 1955, Singh wepụtara Nepal Bhasa Patrika (नेपाल भाषा पत्रिका), akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ kwa ụbọchị na Nepal Bhasa, dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye mbipụta.<ref name="bare_url" /> E bipụtara ya na Kathmandu ma bụrụ otu n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ole na ole n'oge ahụ. N'afọ 1962, a họpụtara Singh ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Federation of Nepali Journalists . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fnjuk.org/history|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119032356/http://www.fnjuk.org/history|archivedate=19 November 2011|title=Federation of Nepali Journalists: Past and Present|publisher=Federation of Nepali Journalists - UK|accessdate=27 April 2012}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Nepal Bhasa Parisad (Nepal Bhasa Council) site na 1955 ruo 1960. ''Nepal Bhasa Patrika (nke pụtara "Nepal Bhasa Periodical") kwadoro ikike asụsụ ma gosipụtakwa mmasị nke azụmahịa Nepalese. Ọ kwụsịrị ibipụta obere oge ka Singh nwụsịrị na 1983.''<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2025)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Edensibia <references /> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} 7e7wkc681g6r76y8tz9svprl85l9pf9 1728 73309 628665 624002 2026-04-02T10:16:08Z Sayvhior 13464 /* Outcome */ 628665 wikitext text/x-wiki {| cellpadding="4" cellspacing="10" style="margin:auto;" |[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] |} [[{{{2|File:Flier for Wiki for Youngsters Project.jpg}}}|center|500px]] == '''Knowledge empowerment for the future generation. A wiki for youngsters initiative'''== Catching teens at a very young age and inculcating the Tech knowledge into them will make the world and the Wikimedia community a better and brighter place for the future. This project which we will work hand in hand with the ICT hub Team of the college will be an outreach and sensitization program for Senior Secondary youngsters who will be venturing into tertiary education soon. We will be introducing them to the Wikimedia Foundation, widening their little knowledge about Wikipedia and its sister projects including creating Wikimedia accounts for them which will foster their usability of the Wikimedia projects. Participants will be guided on creating a global Wikimedia user account as well as receive hands-on training about various Wikimedia Projects. == Project Timeline == *Project Launch/Physical event - ''' Friday 27th March 2026 **Time - ''' 10:00AM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone]) ==Expectations== At the end of this project the following expectations should be met: #Participants will own a global Wikimedia user account to assist in contributing to open knowledge. #New contributors will learn the basics of creating and improving articles/items on Wikipedia and Wikidata. ==Outcome== This project brought about the following positive outcomes; * '''Enriching the volunteer contributions on Wikidata''': Through the contributions of these volunteers, a total of '''178''' new items were edited and '''471''' valuable edits were made on Wikidata. * '''Fostering community growth''' : This Project have increased our community by bringing in new young, vibrant learners and volunteers, with a total number of '''19''' registered participants on the dashboard. * '''Improved Volunteer retention''': These new volunteer participants will receive constant support and guidance to aid their transitioning to be fully blown Wikimedians. ==Photo speaks== {| align=center style="font-family:Optima, Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:auto;" |[[File:Wiki for youngsters initiative 01.jpg|150px]] |[[File:Wiki for youngsters initiative 03.jpg|150px]] |- |[[File:Wiki for youngsters initiative 04.jpg|150px]] |[[File:Wiki for youngsters initiative 05.jpg|150px]] |- |[[File:Wiki for youngsters initiative 06.jpg|200px]] |[[File:Wiki for youngsters initiative 07.jpg|100px]] |} ==See also== [[Òtù:Igbo Wikimedians User Group]] [[Òtù:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] 6scrjbuoyxpzqogdkm0dsw5p6lqvokc 0 73527 628600 623492 2026-04-01T21:35:27Z Edozie Ojekwe 24584 Fixed Reference error 628600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oleksii Ivanovych Tykhy'''[b] (Ukrainian; 27 Jenụwarị 1927 - 5 ma ọ bụ 6 Mee 1984) bụ onye Ukraine mụrụ asụsụ, onye edemede, na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere Òtù Ukrainian Helsinki. Onye na-eme mkpọsa site na nwata, e jidere Tykhy ugboro abụọ maka ebubo e boro ya na ọ na-eme ngaghari iwe megide Soviet yana maka mkpọsa ya megide mwakpo Soviet wakporo Hungary na Russification nke Ukraine, ma nọrọ afọ iri na asaa n'ụlọ mkpọrọ tupu ọnwụ ya site na Ọrịa kansa afọ na 1984. Kemgbe ọnwụ ya, ndị Ukraine ndị ọzọ na-emegide ya, dị ka Levko Lukianenko na Nadiya Svitlychna, emeela emume ito ya maka mbọ ọ na-agba iji chekwaa mba Ukraine ma mee ka ikike mmadụ sie ike na Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press">{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023} == Mbido ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Oleksii Ivanovych Tykhy na 27 Jenụwarị 1927 n'obodo Izhevka , n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Donetsk Oblast nke Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic . <ref name="Encyclopedia-of-Ukraine">{{Cite web|title=Tykhy, Oleksa|url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CT%5CY%5CTykhyOleksa.htm|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]}}</ref> N'inwe ụbụrụ agụmakwụkwọ dị nkọ, ọ gara ngalaba nkà ihe ọmụma na Mahadum Moscow State mgbe bururịị ụzọ gụọ akwụkwọ na Zaporizhye Agricultural Institute yana Dnipropetrovsk Institute for Transport Engineers.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press">{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> Ọrụ mbụ ya bụ dị ka onye nkuzi nke physics, mgbakọ na mwepụ, na Asụsụ Ukraine na Pryazovske Raion, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ọgbanyụ-ọkụ yana onye owu ụlọ. Site n'oge a, Tykhy bụ onye nkatọ siri ike nke gọọmentị Soviet, onye e jidere maka mmegide ya na usoro ntuli aka Soviet na 1948. Otú ọ dị, a tọhapụrụ ya n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ malitekwara ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi ọmụmụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị dị na Oleksiievo-Druzhkivka. Ọ katọrọ ndị ntorobịa Komsomol na Soviet n'ụzọ siri ike, na-ekwu na ọ dị mkpa ka ndị nke Soviet gbalịsie ike inweta nnwere onwe ka ukwuu pụọ na ndị okenye ha.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press">{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> == Njide ya nke afọ 1957 == Mgbe Mgbanwe Hungary nke afọ 1956 na mwakpo Soviet sochirinụ gasịrị, Tykhy katọrọ n'ihu ọha otú gọọmentị Soviet si emeso ihe omume, wee ziga akwụkwọ ozi na Central Committee nke òtù Communist nke Soviet Union na-ekwu na "ọ gaghịzi ekwe omume iwulite ọchịchị Kọmunist na Soviet Union" mgbe mwakpo ahụ gasịrị. N'ịzaghachi nke a, gọọmentị Soviet jidere Tykhy na Febụwarị 1957 ma boo ya ebubo na ọ na-emegide ndị Soviet, yana "ịkwutọ ndị òtù Communist na eziokwu gbasara Soviet".<ref name="Euromaidan-Press">{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> Dị ka ébé e si enweta ihe ndị ọzọ si kwuo, dị ka Encyclopedia of Ukraine, e boro ya ebubo na ọ hụrụ mba Ukraine n'anya, Amnesty International gakwaa n'ihu kwuo na a na-ebo ya ebubo "omume na-emegide mgbanwe". <ref name="Encyclopedia-of-Ukraine">{{Cite web|title=Tykhy, Oleksa|url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CT%5CY%5CTykhyOleksa.htm|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]}}</ref><ref name="Amnesty" /> Ikpe ikpeazụ e kpere Tykhy bụ onye ya afọ asaa nke ọrụ mgbazi, yana afọ ise nke ịnọ ka osu n'ime obodo ma ọ bụ ịnapụ ya ikike obodo ya. Ụlọikpe Stalino Regional Court (nke bụzi Ụlọikpe Ógbè Donetsk) nyere mkwubi ikpe ahụ na 18 Mee 1958, na-arụ aka na Nkeji edemede 54-10 nke Iwu Mpụ nke Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.<ref name="KhPG">{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}</ref> E bu ụzọ ziga ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Vladimir Central, ma mesịa ziga ya na Dubravlag na Mordovia.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press">{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> == Ọrụ N'etiti Njichi E jichiri ya == Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, Tykhy gbalịrị ịchọta ọrụ, ebe a machibidoro ya ikuzi ihe. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọbá akwụkwọ ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ, <ref name="Euromaidan-Press">{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> dị ka onye na-eme ọkpọkọ, onye na-agbanyụ ọkụ, na onye na-agba brik ọkụ, <ref name="KhPG" /> name="KhPG" /> == Njichi nke afọ 1977 na ọnwụ ya == N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1976, Tykhy ghọrọ onye guzobere òtù Ukraine Helsinki. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, ndị ọchịchị Soviet malitere ịlụso ndị òtù ahụ ọgụ ma jide ha, gụnyere Tykhy. Na 4 Febụwarị 1977, ndị uwe ojii Soviet jidere Tykhy, ma boo ya ebubo n'okpuru ọgba aghara na-emegide Soviet na inwe égbè n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị. Ebubo nke ikpeazụ sitere na égbè ndị Germany nke oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ Tykhy ji ụrọ mechie ma chekwaa n'ụlọ elu ya. E kpere ya ikpe, ya na onye na-emegide Mykola Rudenko, na 23 June 1977 na Druzhkivka. A tụlere ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide Tykhy na ikpe ahụ, mana emesịrị maa ya ikpe na nkwupụta na-ezo aka na "a na-eche na ọ bụ Russification na mpaghara Donbas". Ụlọikpe Ógbè Donetsk mara ya ikpe afọ iri nke ịrụ ọrụ mgbazi na afọ ise nke ịgba ọsọ ndụ n'ime obodo, dabere na ikpe mbụ ya, e zigakwara ya Mordovia ka ọ gaa mee ikpe ya.<ref name="KhPG" />{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}</ref> Njide nke ugboro abụọ e jidere Tykhy bụ nke mba ụwa katọrọ; United States Congress wepụtara mkpebi na-enye iwu ka a tọhapụ ya, tinyere ntọhapụ nke Valentyn Moroz, Rudenko, na Yurii Shukhevych, na 16 Mee 1977. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Delaney|first=James J.|authorlink=James J. Delaney|title=H.Con.Res.224 - Concurrent resolution requesting release of Ukrainian patriots Valentyn Moroz, Mykola Rudenko, Yuriy Shukhevych, and Oleksa Tykhy.|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/95th-congress/house-concurrent-resolution/224?s=1&r=54|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Congress.gov]]}}</ref> Amnesty International depụtakwara aha ya dị ka Onye mkpọrọ nke akọ na uche, ọnọdụ ọ ga-anọgide na ya ruo ọnwụ ya.<ref name="Amnesty" \>{{Cite web|title=Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Amnesty International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf "Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ụlọ mkpọrọ ndị ọzọ na Mordovia, Tykhy malitere ịrịa nsogbu mgbari nri mgbe ọ bịarutere - ọkachasị, ọ nwere Ọnyá afọ. N'agbanyeghị nke a, ọ malitere ịnọ agụụ ụbọchị iri ise na abụọ iji mee mkpesa maka ọnọdụ ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eche ihu.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press" />{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKachkanChraibi2020">Kachkan, Aliona; Chraibi, Christine (14 February 2020). </cite></ref> Na Mordovia, Tykhy sokwa ndị ọzọ a tụrụ mkpọrọ rụkọọ ọrụ, dị ka Vasyl Romaniuk, onye ya na ya dere traktị na-akpọ òkù maka iguzogide ọchịchị Soviet na-enweghị ihe ike.<ref name="KhPG" />{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRappOvsienko2006">Rapp, I.; Ovsienko, Vasyl (18 March 2006). </cite></ref> Ọ nọkwa na-akparịta ụka kwa mgbe ya na onye isi òtù HelsinkiVasyl Ovsienko, onye ya na ya nọkọrọ ọnụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma kwuo na ọ nọgidere na-enwe mmasị na agụmakwụkwọ.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press" /> Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị agụụ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1978, Tykhy malitere ịnọ agụụ nke ugboro atọ ya n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1979, e mechara kpọga ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ mgbe ụbọchị iri na asaa gachara maka ọrịa hernia na peritonitis afọ.Tupu a kpọga ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ọ jụrụ arịrịọ inye ya ọgwụgwọ kama ịhapụ echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Ovsienko mechara kwuo na a dụkọtara afọ Tykhy dịka ákwà iji mee ka mgbari nri sikwuo ike ma na-egbu mgbu karịa, nke mere na òtù Kharkiv Human Rights Protection kwuru na dọkịta gwara ya, "Ndụ gị ga-adị mkpụmkpụ ma jupụta na ihe mgbu. " Mgbe ịwa ahụ gasịrị, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ tụrụ aro ka a tọhapụ Tykhy n'ọnọdụ na ọ na-arịa ọrịa, mana gọọmentị Soviet jụrụ.<ref name="Amnesty" />{{Cite web|title=Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Amnesty International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf "Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Mgbe ịwa ahụ gasịrị, ahụike Tykhy nọgidere na-akawanye njọ, ntaramahụhụ sitere n'aka ndị isi ụlọ mkpọrọ bịara sikwuo ike. A kpọchiri ya naanị ya na Jenụwarị na Febụwarị 1980, ebe a na-ebo ya ebubo na ọ gbakapụrụ ihe njirimara a madoro ya n'obi, na-ajụ iguzo ọtọ iji sọpụrụ ndị isi ụlọ mkpọrọ ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ, ma na-enwe mmetụta dị njọ n'ebe ndị mkpọrọ ndị ọzọ.<ref name="KhPG" />{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRappOvsienko2006">Rapp, I.; Ovsienko, Vasyl (18 March 2006). </cite></ref> N'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ naanị ya, ọ nyịkarịghị araụ karịa kilogram iri anọ (88 lb) ma nọrọ n'ọnọdụ na-adịghị ọcha.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press" />{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKachkanChraibi2020">Kachkan, Aliona; Chraibi, Christine (14 February 2020). </cite></ref> Site na 27 Febụwarị ruo 1 Machị 1980, a kpọgara Tykhy na ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ọzọ a tụrụ mkpọrọ n'otu ụlọ mkpọrọ ahụ na Perm-36. N'ebe ahụ, a nọgidere na-ata Tykhy ahụhụ maka ịjụ ịkpụ afụ ọnụ ya na ịrụ ọrụ, yana maka ịnọ agụụ, a kpọchikwara ya naanị ya ruo ọnwa isii ọzọ.<ref name="KhPG" />{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRappOvsienko2006">Rapp, I.; Ovsienko, Vasyl (18 March 2006). </cite></ref> Onye edemede na onye mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Vasyl Stus mechara dee na Tykhy "dị nnọọ ka e si n'obe kutuo ya." <ref name="KhPG" /> Ahụike Tykhy kawanyere njọ, ọkachasị site na 1983, nke mere na Amnesty International malitere ịkwado n'ihu ọha maka ntọhapụ Tykhy. <ref name="Euromaidan-Press" />{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKachkanChraibi2020">Kachkan, Aliona; Chraibi, Christine (14 February 2020). </cite></ref><ref name="Amnesty" />{{Cite web|title=Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Amnesty International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf "Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Tykhy nwụrụ na abalị ise<ref name="Encyclopedia-of-Ukraine" /> == Ihe Ndị E Deturu == == Edensibịa == <references /> {{Soviet dissidents}}{{Ukrainian Helsinki Group}}{{Authority control}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6602imt97bu4uaxddwkwzde1cztg6rt 628601 628600 2026-04-01T21:37:16Z Edozie Ojekwe 24584 Wepu mgbanwe [[Special:Diff/623492|623492]] nke [[Special:Contributions/Edozie Ojekwe|Edozie Ojekwe]] ([[User talk:Edozie Ojekwe|talk]]) 628601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oleksii Ivanovych Tykhy'''[b] (Ukrainian; 27 Jenụwarị 1927 - 5 ma ọ bụ 6 Mee 1984) bụ onye Ukraine mụrụ asụsụ, onye edemede, na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere Òtù Ukrainian Helsinki. Onye na-eme mkpọsa site na nwata, e jidere Tykhy ugboro abụọ maka ebubo e boro ya na ọ na-eme ngaghari iwe megide Soviet yana maka mkpọsa ya megide mwakpo Soviet wakporo Hungary na Russification nke Ukraine, ma nọrọ afọ iri na asaa n'ụlọ mkpọrọ tupu ọnwụ ya site na Ọrịa kansa afọ na 1984. Kemgbe ọnwụ ya, ndị Ukraine ndị ọzọ na-emegide ya, dị ka Levko Lukianenko na Nadiya Svitlychna, emeela emume ito ya maka mbọ ọ na-agba iji chekwaa mba Ukraine ma mee ka ikike mmadụ sie ike na Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press">{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023} == Mbido ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Oleksii Ivanovych Tykhy na 27 Jenụwarị 1927 n'obodo Izhevka , n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Donetsk Oblast nke Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic . <ref name="Encyclopedia-of-Ukraine">{{Cite web|title=Tykhy, Oleksa|url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CT%5CY%5CTykhyOleksa.htm|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]}}</ref> N'inwe ụbụrụ agụmakwụkwọ dị nkọ, ọ gara ngalaba nkà ihe ọmụma na Mahadum Moscow State mgbe bururịị ụzọ gụọ akwụkwọ na Zaporizhye Agricultural Institute yana Dnipropetrovsk Institute for Transport Engineers.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press">{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> Ọrụ mbụ ya bụ dị ka onye nkuzi nke physics, mgbakọ na mwepụ, na Asụsụ Ukraine na Pryazovske Raion, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ọgbanyụ-ọkụ yana onye owu ụlọ. Site n'oge a, Tykhy bụ onye nkatọ siri ike nke gọọmentị Soviet, onye e jidere maka mmegide ya na usoro ntuli aka Soviet na 1948. Otú ọ dị, a tọhapụrụ ya n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ malitekwara ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi ọmụmụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị dị na Oleksiievo-Druzhkivka. Ọ katọrọ ndị ntorobịa Komsomol na Soviet n'ụzọ siri ike, na-ekwu na ọ dị mkpa ka ndị nke Soviet gbalịsie ike inweta nnwere onwe ka ukwuu pụọ na ndị okenye ha.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press">{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> == Njide ya nke afọ 1957 == Mgbe Mgbanwe Hungary nke afọ 1956 na mwakpo Soviet sochirinụ gasịrị, Tykhy katọrọ n'ihu ọha otú gọọmentị Soviet si emeso ihe omume, wee ziga akwụkwọ ozi na Central Committee nke òtù Communist nke Soviet Union na-ekwu na "ọ gaghịzi ekwe omume iwulite ọchịchị Kọmunist na Soviet Union" mgbe mwakpo ahụ gasịrị. N'ịzaghachi nke a, gọọmentị Soviet jidere Tykhy na Febụwarị 1957 ma boo ya ebubo na ọ na-emegide ndị Soviet, yana "ịkwutọ ndị òtù Communist na eziokwu gbasara Soviet".<ref name="Euromaidan-Press">{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> Dị ka ébé e si enweta ihe ndị ọzọ si kwuo, dị ka Encyclopedia of Ukraine, e boro ya ebubo na ọ hụrụ mba Ukraine n'anya, Amnesty International gakwaa n'ihu kwuo na a na-ebo ya ebubo "omume na-emegide mgbanwe". <ref name="Encyclopedia-of-Ukraine">{{Cite web|title=Tykhy, Oleksa|url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CT%5CY%5CTykhyOleksa.htm|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]}}</ref><ref name="Amnesty">{{Cite web|title=Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Amnesty International]]}}</ref> E wepụtara ozi ndị ọzọ na-eduga na njide Tykhy site na nnọkọ maka mgbanwe na usoro agụmakwụkwọ Soviet, ebe Tykhy katọrọ ọnọdụ ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref name="KhPG">{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}</ref> Ikpe ikpeazụ e kpere Tykhy bụ onye ya afọ asaa nke ọrụ mgbazi, yana afọ ise nke ịnọ ka osu n'ime obodo ma ọ bụ ịnapụ ya ikike obodo ya. Ụlọikpe Stalino Regional Court (nke bụzi Ụlọikpe Ógbè Donetsk) nyere mkwubi ikpe ahụ na 18 Mee 1958, na-arụ aka na Nkeji edemede 54-10 nke Iwu Mpụ nke Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.<ref name="KhPG">{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}</ref> E bu ụzọ ziga ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Vladimir Central, ma mesịa ziga ya na Dubravlag na Mordovia.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press">{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> == Ọrụ N'etiti Njichi E jichiri ya == Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, Tykhy gbalịrị ịchọta ọrụ, ebe a machibidoro ya ikuzi ihe. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọbá akwụkwọ ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ, <ref name="Euromaidan-Press">{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> dị ka onye na-eme ọkpọkọ, onye na-agbanyụ ọkụ, na onye na-agba brik ọkụ, <ref name="KhPG">{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}</ref> wee malite ibipụta samizdat nke Ukraine. N'oge na-adịghị anya, o bidoro na-ede ma ma na-ebipụta samizdat nke ya, na-arụ ụka megide Russification nke mpaghara Donbas.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press" /> Ọ bụkwa onye na-akwado ibi ndụ dịka onye ime obodo, na-eru uju maka ọdịda nke ndụ ime obodo Ukraine. Ọ gara n'ihu kwupụta nkwado maka ọrụ ugbo n'òtù n'òtù, mana ọ rịọrọ maka nnwere onwe ka ukwuu maka ndị ọrụ ugbo. N'etiti ọrụ samizdat ndị ọzọ nke Tykhy dere bụ akwụkwọ ozi 1973 e degaara Supreme Soviet nke Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke asụsụ Donbas nke asụsụ Ukraine.<ref name="KhPG" /> == Njichi nke afọ 1977 na ọnwụ ya == N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1976, Tykhy ghọrọ onye guzobere òtù Ukraine Helsinki. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, ndị ọchịchị Soviet malitere ịlụso ndị òtù ahụ ọgụ ma jide ha, gụnyere Tykhy. Na 4 Febụwarị 1977, ndị uwe ojii Soviet jidere Tykhy, ma boo ya ebubo n'okpuru ọgba aghara na-emegide Soviet na inwe égbè n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị. Ebubo nke ikpeazụ sitere na égbè ndị Germany nke oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ Tykhy ji ụrọ mechie ma chekwaa n'ụlọ elu ya. E kpere ya ikpe, ya na onye na-emegide Mykola Rudenko, na 23 June 1977 na Druzhkivka. A tụlere ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide Tykhy na ikpe ahụ, mana emesịrị maa ya ikpe na nkwupụta na-ezo aka na "a na-eche na ọ bụ Russification na mpaghara Donbas". Ụlọikpe Ógbè Donetsk mara ya ikpe afọ iri nke ịrụ ọrụ mgbazi na afọ ise nke ịgba ọsọ ndụ n'ime obodo, dabere na ikpe mbụ ya, e zigakwara ya Mordovia ka ọ gaa mee ikpe ya.<ref name="KhPG">{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}</ref> Njide nke ugboro abụọ e jidere Tykhy bụ nke mba ụwa katọrọ; United States Congress wepụtara mkpebi na-enye iwu ka a tọhapụ ya, tinyere ntọhapụ nke Valentyn Moroz, Rudenko, na Yurii Shukhevych, na 16 Mee 1977. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Delaney|first=James J.|authorlink=James J. Delaney|title=H.Con.Res.224 - Concurrent resolution requesting release of Ukrainian patriots Valentyn Moroz, Mykola Rudenko, Yuriy Shukhevych, and Oleksa Tykhy.|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/95th-congress/house-concurrent-resolution/224?s=1&r=54|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Congress.gov]]}}</ref> Amnesty International depụtakwara aha ya dị ka Onye mkpọrọ nke akọ na uche, ọnọdụ ọ ga-anọgide na ya ruo ọnwụ ya.<ref name="Amnesty">{{Cite web|title=Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Amnesty International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf "Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ụlọ mkpọrọ ndị ọzọ na Mordovia, Tykhy malitere ịrịa nsogbu mgbari nri mgbe ọ bịarutere - ọkachasị, ọ nwere Ọnyá afọ. N'agbanyeghị nke a, ọ malitere ịnọ agụụ ụbọchị iri ise na abụọ iji mee mkpesa maka ọnọdụ ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eche ihu.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press">{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKachkanChraibi2020">Kachkan, Aliona; Chraibi, Christine (14 February 2020). </cite></ref> Na Mordovia, Tykhy sokwa ndị ọzọ a tụrụ mkpọrọ rụkọọ ọrụ, dị ka Vasyl Romaniuk, onye ya na ya dere traktị na-akpọ òkù maka iguzogide ọchịchị Soviet na-enweghị ihe ike.<ref name="KhPG">{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRappOvsienko2006">Rapp, I.; Ovsienko, Vasyl (18 March 2006). </cite></ref> Ọ nọkwa na-akparịta ụka kwa mgbe ya na onye isi òtù HelsinkiVasyl Ovsienko, onye ya na ya nọkọrọ ọnụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma kwuo na ọ nọgidere na-enwe mmasị na agụmakwụkwọ.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press" /> Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị agụụ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1978, Tykhy malitere ịnọ agụụ nke ugboro atọ ya n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1979, e mechara kpọga ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ mgbe ụbọchị iri na asaa gachara maka ọrịa hernia na peritonitis afọ.Tupu a kpọga ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ọ jụrụ arịrịọ inye ya ọgwụgwọ kama ịhapụ echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Ovsienko mechara kwuo na a dụkọtara afọ Tykhy dịka ákwà iji mee ka mgbari nri sikwuo ike ma na-egbu mgbu karịa, nke mere na òtù Kharkiv Human Rights Protection kwuru na dọkịta gwara ya, "Ndụ gị ga-adị mkpụmkpụ ma jupụta na ihe mgbu. " Mgbe ịwa ahụ gasịrị, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ tụrụ aro ka a tọhapụ Tykhy n'ọnọdụ na ọ na-arịa ọrịa, mana gọọmentị Soviet jụrụ.<ref name="Amnesty">{{Cite web|title=Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Amnesty International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf "Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Mgbe ịwa ahụ gasịrị, ahụike Tykhy nọgidere na-akawanye njọ, ntaramahụhụ sitere n'aka ndị isi ụlọ mkpọrọ bịara sikwuo ike. A kpọchiri ya naanị ya na Jenụwarị na Febụwarị 1980, ebe a na-ebo ya ebubo na ọ gbakapụrụ ihe njirimara a madoro ya n'obi, na-ajụ iguzo ọtọ iji sọpụrụ ndị isi ụlọ mkpọrọ ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ, ma na-enwe mmetụta dị njọ n'ebe ndị mkpọrọ ndị ọzọ.<ref name="KhPG">{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRappOvsienko2006">Rapp, I.; Ovsienko, Vasyl (18 March 2006). </cite></ref> N'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ naanị ya, ọ nyịkarịghị araụ karịa kilogram iri anọ (88 lb) ma nọrọ n'ọnọdụ na-adịghị ọcha.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press">{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKachkanChraibi2020">Kachkan, Aliona; Chraibi, Christine (14 February 2020). </cite></ref> Site na 27 Febụwarị ruo 1 Machị 1980, a kpọgara Tykhy na ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ọzọ a tụrụ mkpọrọ n'otu ụlọ mkpọrọ ahụ na Perm-36. N'ebe ahụ, a nọgidere na-ata Tykhy ahụhụ maka ịjụ ịkpụ afụ ọnụ ya na ịrụ ọrụ, yana maka ịnọ agụụ, a kpọchikwara ya naanị ya ruo ọnwa isii ọzọ.<ref name="KhPG">{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRappOvsienko2006">Rapp, I.; Ovsienko, Vasyl (18 March 2006). </cite></ref> Onye edemede na onye mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Vasyl Stus mechara dee na Tykhy "dị nnọọ ka e si n'obe kutuo ya." <ref name="KhPG" /> Ahụike Tykhy kawanyere njọ, ọkachasị site na 1983, nke mere na Amnesty International malitere ịkwado n'ihu ọha maka ntọhapụ Tykhy. <ref name="Euromaidan-Press">{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKachkanChraibi2020">Kachkan, Aliona; Chraibi, Christine (14 February 2020). </cite></ref><ref name="Amnesty">{{Cite web|title=Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Amnesty International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf "Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Tykhy nwụrụ na abalị ise<ref name="Encyclopedia-of-Ukraine">{{Cite web|title=Tykhy, Oleksa|url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CT%5CY%5CTykhyOleksa.htm|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CT%5CY%5CTykhyOleksa.htm "Tykhy, Oleksa"]. </cite></ref> ma ọ bụ isii n'ọnwa Mee 1984, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri ise na a asaa, site na Ọrịa kansa afọ.<ref name="Amnesty International" /> Dị ka Amnesty International si kwuo, n'oge ọnwụ ya, Tykhy na-arịa ọrịa angina, arteriosclerosis, [[Ịdị ụkọ ọbara|ụkọ ọbara]], na azụ mgbu.<ref name="Amnesty International">{{Cite web|title=File on Torture: USSR|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210061985en.pdf|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Amnesty International]]}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, e nyeghị ozu Tykhy nwa ya nwoke. N'afọ 1989, e liri ya na Stus na onye na-emegide Yuriy Lytvyn, ọzọ n'ebe olili ozu Baikove dị na Kiev, n'ememe metụtara mmadụ puku atọ.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press">{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKachkanChraibi2020">Kachkan, Aliona; Chraibi, Christine (14 February 2020). </cite></ref> == Ihe Ndị E Deturu == == Edensibịa == <references /> {{Soviet dissidents}}{{Ukrainian Helsinki Group}}{{Authority control}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7btyp29o1tzt7c8l4ordyyrusbcrb92 628613 628601 2026-04-01T22:08:58Z Edozie Ojekwe 24584 Fixed Reference error 628613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oleksii Ivanovych Tykhy'''[b] (Ukrainian; 27 Jenụwarị 1927 - 5 ma ọ bụ 6 Mee 1984) bụ onye Ukraine mụrụ asụsụ, onye edemede, na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere Òtù Ukrainian Helsinki. Onye na-eme mkpọsa site na nwata, e jidere Tykhy ugboro abụọ maka ebubo e boro ya na ọ na-eme ngaghari iwe megide Soviet yana maka mkpọsa ya megide mwakpo Soviet wakporo Hungary na Russification nke Ukraine, ma nọrọ afọ iri na asaa n'ụlọ mkpọrọ tupu ọnwụ ya site na Ọrịa kansa afọ na 1984. Kemgbe ọnwụ ya, ndị Ukraine ndị ọzọ na-emegide ya, dị ka Levko Lukianenko na Nadiya Svitlychna, emeela emume ito ya maka mbọ ọ na-agba iji chekwaa mba Ukraine ma mee ka ikike mmadụ sie ike na Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press">{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Oleksii Ivanovych Tykhy na 27 Jenụwarị 1927 n'obodo Izhevka , n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Donetsk Oblast nke Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic . <ref name="Encyclopedia-of-Ukraine">{{Cite web|title=Tykhy, Oleksa|url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CT%5CY%5CTykhyOleksa.htm|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]}}</ref> N'inwe ụbụrụ agụmakwụkwọ dị nkọ, ọ gara ngalaba nkà ihe ọmụma na Mahadum Moscow State mgbe bururịị ụzọ gụọ akwụkwọ na Zaporizhye Agricultural Institute yana Dnipropetrovsk Institute for Transport Engineers.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press" />{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> Ọrụ mbụ ya bụ dị ka onye nkuzi nke physics, mgbakọ na mwepụ, na Asụsụ Ukraine na Pryazovske Raion, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ọgbanyụ-ọkụ yana onye owu ụlọ. Site n'oge a, Tykhy bụ onye nkatọ siri ike nke gọọmentị Soviet, onye e jidere maka mmegide ya na usoro ntuli aka Soviet na 1948. Otú ọ dị, a tọhapụrụ ya n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ malitekwara ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi ọmụmụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị dị na Oleksiievo-Druzhkivka. Ọ katọrọ ndị ntorobịa Komsomol na Soviet n'ụzọ siri ike, na-ekwu na ọ dị mkpa ka ndị nke Soviet gbalịsie ike inweta nnwere onwe ka ukwuu pụọ na ndị okenye ha.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press" /> == Njide ya nke afọ 1957 == Mgbe Mgbanwe Hungary nke afọ 1956 na mwakpo Soviet sochirinụ gasịrị, Tykhy katọrọ n'ihu ọha otú gọọmentị Soviet si emeso ihe omume, wee ziga akwụkwọ ozi na Central Committee nke òtù Communist nke Soviet Union na-ekwu na "ọ gaghịzi ekwe omume iwulite ọchịchị Kọmunist na Soviet Union" mgbe mwakpo ahụ gasịrị. N'ịzaghachi nke a, gọọmentị Soviet jidere Tykhy na Febụwarị 1957 ma boo ya ebubo na ọ na-emegide ndị Soviet, yana "ịkwutọ ndị òtù Communist na eziokwu gbasara Soviet".<ref name="Euromaidan-Press" />{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> Dị ka ébé e si enweta ihe ndị ọzọ si kwuo, dị ka Encyclopedia of Ukraine, e boro ya ebubo na ọ hụrụ mba Ukraine n'anya, Amnesty International gakwaa n'ihu kwuo na a na-ebo ya ebubo "omume na-emegide mgbanwe". <ref name="Encyclopedia-of-Ukraine">{{Cite web|title=Tykhy, Oleksa|url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CT%5CY%5CTykhyOleksa.htm|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]}}</ref><ref name="Amnesty">{{Cite web|title=Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Amnesty International]]}}</ref> E wepụtara ozi ndị ọzọ na-eduga na njide Tykhy site na nnọkọ maka mgbanwe na usoro agụmakwụkwọ Soviet, ebe Tykhy katọrọ ọnọdụ ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref name="KhPG" /> Ikpe ikpeazụ e kpere Tykhy bụ onye ya afọ asaa nke ọrụ mgbazi, yana afọ ise nke ịnọ ka osu n'ime obodo ma ọ bụ ịnapụ ya ikike obodo ya. Ụlọikpe Stalino Regional Court (nke bụzi Ụlọikpe Ógbè Donetsk) nyere mkwubi ikpe ahụ na 18 Mee 1958, na-arụ aka na Nkeji edemede 54-10 nke Iwu Mpụ nke Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.<ref name="KhPG" />{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}</ref> E bu ụzọ ziga ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Vladimir Central, ma mesịa ziga ya na Dubravlag na Mordovia.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press" />{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> == Ọrụ N'etiti Njichi E jichiri ya == Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, Tykhy gbalịrị ịchọta ọrụ, ebe a machibidoro ya ikuzi ihe. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọbá akwụkwọ ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ, <ref name="Euromaidan-Press" />{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> dị ka onye na-eme ọkpọkọ, onye na-agbanyụ ọkụ, na onye na-agba brik ọkụ, <ref name="KhPG" />{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}</ref> wee malite ibipụta samizdat nke Ukraine. N'oge na-adịghị anya, o bidoro na-ede ma ma na-ebipụta samizdat nke ya, na-arụ ụka megide Russification nke mpaghara Donbas.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press" /> Ọ bụkwa onye na-akwado ibi ndụ dịka onye ime obodo, na-eru uju maka ọdịda nke ndụ ime obodo Ukraine. Ọ gara n'ihu kwupụta nkwado maka ọrụ ugbo n'òtù n'òtù, mana ọ rịọrọ maka nnwere onwe ka ukwuu maka ndị ọrụ ugbo. N'etiti ọrụ samizdat ndị ọzọ nke Tykhy dere bụ akwụkwọ ozi 1973 e degaara Supreme Soviet nke Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke asụsụ Donbas nke asụsụ Ukraine.<ref name="KhPG" /> == Njichi nke afọ 1977 na ọnwụ ya == N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1976, Tykhy ghọrọ onye guzobere òtù Ukraine Helsinki. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, ndị ọchịchị Soviet malitere ịlụso ndị òtù ahụ ọgụ ma jide ha, gụnyere Tykhy. Na 4 Febụwarị 1977, ndị uwe ojii Soviet jidere Tykhy, ma boo ya ebubo n'okpuru ọgba aghara na-emegide Soviet na inwe égbè n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị. Ebubo nke ikpeazụ sitere na égbè ndị Germany nke oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ Tykhy ji ụrọ mechie ma chekwaa n'ụlọ elu ya. E kpere ya ikpe, ya na onye na-emegide Mykola Rudenko, na 23 June 1977 na Druzhkivka. A tụlere ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide Tykhy na ikpe ahụ, mana emesịrị maa ya ikpe na nkwupụta na-ezo aka na "a na-eche na ọ bụ Russification na mpaghara Donbas". Ụlọikpe Ógbè Donetsk mara ya ikpe afọ iri nke ịrụ ọrụ mgbazi na afọ ise nke ịgba ọsọ ndụ n'ime obodo, dabere na ikpe mbụ ya, e zigakwara ya Mordovia ka ọ gaa mee ikpe ya.<ref name="KhPG" />{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}</ref> Njide nke ugboro abụọ e jidere Tykhy bụ nke mba ụwa katọrọ; United States Congress wepụtara mkpebi na-enye iwu ka a tọhapụ ya, tinyere ntọhapụ nke Valentyn Moroz, Rudenko, na Yurii Shukhevych, na 16 Mee 1977. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Delaney|first=James J.|authorlink=James J. Delaney|title=H.Con.Res.224 - Concurrent resolution requesting release of Ukrainian patriots Valentyn Moroz, Mykola Rudenko, Yuriy Shukhevych, and Oleksa Tykhy.|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/95th-congress/house-concurrent-resolution/224?s=1&r=54|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Congress.gov]]}}</ref> Amnesty International depụtakwara aha ya dị ka Onye mkpọrọ nke akọ na uche, ọnọdụ ọ ga-anọgide na ya ruo ọnwụ ya.<ref name="Amnesty" />{{Cite web|title=Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Amnesty International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf "Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ụlọ mkpọrọ ndị ọzọ na Mordovia, Tykhy malitere ịrịa nsogbu mgbari nri mgbe ọ bịarutere - ọkachasị, ọ nwere Ọnyá afọ. N'agbanyeghị nke a, ọ malitere ịnọ agụụ ụbọchị iri ise na abụọ iji mee mkpesa maka ọnọdụ ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eche ihu.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press" />{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKachkanChraibi2020">Kachkan, Aliona; Chraibi, Christine (14 February 2020). </cite></ref> Na Mordovia, Tykhy sokwa ndị ọzọ a tụrụ mkpọrọ rụkọọ ọrụ, dị ka Vasyl Romaniuk, onye ya na ya dere traktị na-akpọ òkù maka iguzogide ọchịchị Soviet na-enweghị ihe ike.<ref name="KhPG" />{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRappOvsienko2006">Rapp, I.; Ovsienko, Vasyl (18 March 2006). </cite></ref> Ọ nọkwa na-akparịta ụka kwa mgbe ya na onye isi òtù HelsinkiVasyl Ovsienko, onye ya na ya nọkọrọ ọnụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma kwuo na ọ nọgidere na-enwe mmasị na agụmakwụkwọ.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press" /> Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị agụụ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1978, Tykhy malitere ịnọ agụụ nke ugboro atọ ya n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1979, e mechara kpọga ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ mgbe ụbọchị iri na asaa gachara maka ọrịa hernia na peritonitis afọ.Tupu a kpọga ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ọ jụrụ arịrịọ inye ya ọgwụgwọ kama ịhapụ echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Ovsienko mechara kwuo na a dụkọtara afọ Tykhy dịka ákwà iji mee ka mgbari nri sikwuo ike ma na-egbu mgbu karịa, nke mere na òtù Kharkiv Human Rights Protection kwuru na dọkịta gwara ya, "Ndụ gị ga-adị mkpụmkpụ ma jupụta na ihe mgbu. " Mgbe ịwa ahụ gasịrị, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ tụrụ aro ka a tọhapụ Tykhy n'ọnọdụ na ọ na-arịa ọrịa, mana gọọmentị Soviet jụrụ.<ref name="Amnesty" />{{Cite web|title=Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Amnesty International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nws210071984en.pdf "Soviet Union: Ukrainian 'monitor' dies in Perm labour colony"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Mgbe ịwa ahụ gasịrị, ahụike Tykhy nọgidere na-akawanye njọ, ntaramahụhụ sitere n'aka ndị isi ụlọ mkpọrọ bịara sikwuo ike. A kpọchiri ya naanị ya na Jenụwarị na Febụwarị 1980, ebe a na-ebo ya ebubo na ọ gbakapụrụ ihe njirimara a madoro ya n'obi, na-ajụ iguzo ọtọ iji sọpụrụ ndị isi ụlọ mkpọrọ ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ, ma na-enwe mmetụta dị njọ n'ebe ndị mkpọrọ ndị ọzọ.<ref name="KhPG" />{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRappOvsienko2006">Rapp, I.; Ovsienko, Vasyl (18 March 2006). </cite></ref> N'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ naanị ya, ọ nyịkarịghị araụ karịa kilogram iri anọ (88 lb) ma nọrọ n'ọnọdụ na-adịghị ọcha.<ref name="Euromaidan-Press" />{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKachkanChraibi2020">Kachkan, Aliona; Chraibi, Christine (14 February 2020). </cite></ref> Site na 27 Febụwarị ruo 1 Machị 1980, a kpọgara Tykhy na ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ọzọ a tụrụ mkpọrọ n'otu ụlọ mkpọrọ ahụ na Perm-36. N'ebe ahụ, a nọgidere na-ata Tykhy ahụhụ maka ịjụ ịkpụ afụ ọnụ ya na ịrụ ọrụ, yana maka ịnọ agụụ, a kpọchikwara ya naanị ya ruo ọnwa isii ọzọ.<ref name="KhPG">{{Cite web|author=Rapp|first=I.|date=18 March 2006|title=TYKHY Oleksa (Oleskiy Ivanovych)|url=https://museum.khpg.org/1142694578|accessdate=22 October 2023|work=[[Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRappOvsienko2006">Rapp, I.; Ovsienko, Vasyl (18 March 2006). </cite></ref> Onye edemede na onye mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Vasyl Stus mechara dee na Tykhy "dị nnọọ ka e si n'obe kutuo ya." <ref name="KhPG" /> Ahụike Tykhy kawanyere njọ, ọkachasị site na 1983, nke mere na Amnesty International malitere ịkwado n'ihu ọha maka ntọhapụ Tykhy. <ref name="Euromaidan-Press" />{{Cite news|author=Kachkan|first=Aliona|date=14 February 2020|title=Ukrainian dissident Oleksa Tykhyy. How a teacher from Soviet Donetsk became "Public Enemy #1"|work=[[Euromaidan Press]]|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2020/02/14/ukrainian-dissident-oleksa-tykhyy-how-a-teacher-from-soviet-donetsk-became-public-enemy-1/|accessdate=22 October 2023}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKachkanChraibi2020">Kachkan, Aliona; Chraibi, Christine (14 February 2020). </cite></ref><ref name="Amnesty" /> Tykhy nwụrụ na abalị ise<ref name="Encyclopedia-of-Ukraine" />₡ == Ihe Ndị E Deturu == == Edensibịa == <references /> {{Soviet dissidents}}{{Ukrainian Helsinki Group}}{{Authority control}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2ocs3u0fiewza5jm7dzkmejpr33gzfe 0 73572 628657 598174 2026-04-02T07:31:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll''' (amụrụ 2 February 1977) bụ onye {{ill|Colombia|en}} na-agụ egwụ, onye na-agba egwu na onye na-emepụta ndekọ. A na-akpọ ya "Queen of Latin Music", o nwewo mmetụta dị ukwuu na mpaghara egwu egwu nke {{ill|Latin America|en}} ma bụrụ onye a kwadoro na ọ na-eme ka egwu Hispanic na-ewu ewu n'ụwa nile, na-enye aka n'ịmụba mmụta na iji asụsụ [[:en:Spanish language |Spanish]] n'ụwa nile. A na-akwụkwa ya maka imeghe ọnụ ụzọ ahịa mba ụwa maka ndị nka nka Latin ndị ọzọ. Otuto ya gụnyere 4 Grammy Awards na 15 Latin Grammy Awards. ==Ndụ mbụ== A mụrụ Shakira na 2 February 1977 na Barranquilla, Colombia site na nne na nna sitere na {{ill|Lebanon|en}}, a zụlitere ya [[Katọlik]].<ref>{{citation|title=Shakira|url=https://www.ancestry.com/first-name-meaning/shakira|access-date=16 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Shakira descendiente de italianos, españoles y libaneses |url=https://blog.myheritage.es/2010/06/shakira-descendiente-de-italianos-espanoles-y-libaneses/ |website=[[MyHeritage]] |access-date=21 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115024348/https://blog.myheritage.es/2010/06/shakira-descendiente-de-italianos-espanoles-y-libaneses/ |archive-date=15 January 2023 |language=es |date=23 June 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ malitere ide na abụ abụ site na nwata na na 13 ọ zutere onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri obodo Monica Ariza bụ onye masịrị ya ma denye ya na Sony Records.<ref name="Driven Shakira">{{cite web|url=http://www.vh1.com/shows/dyn/driven/96614/episode_about.jhtml |title=Driven: Shakira |access-date=24 April 2007 |publisher=VH1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060721213102/http://www.vh1.com/shows/dyn/driven/96614/episode_about.jhtml |archive-date=21 July 2006 }}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ọ wepụtara album mbụ ya na 1990 mana ha dara ada.<ref name="Shakira biography">{{cite web|url=http://shakira-bio.tumblr.com/|title=Shakira's Biography|publisher=shakira-bio.tumblr.com|access-date=29 July 2013|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807061156/https://shakira-bio.tumblr.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọganihu ya bịara na 1994 site na ọba asụsụ Spanish ya ''{{ill|¿Dónde Estás Corazón?|en}}'' nke ghọrọ ewu ewu na Colombia.<ref name="lyrics">{{Cite web |last=Tiempo |first=Redacción El |date=19 January 1995 |title=SHAKIRA UNA JOVEN CON MAGIA Y ENCANTO MUSICAL |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-303085 |access-date=5 May 2024 |website=El Tiempo |language=spanish}}</ref> ''Dónde Están los Ladrones?'' album studio nke anọ nke Shakira, ewepụtara na Septemba 1998 wee ree ya n'ihu ọha. N'agbata 2001 na 2010 ọ wepụtara ọtụtụ ndị otu gụnyere ''[[:en: Whenever, Wherever / Suerte|Whenever, Wherever / Suerte]]'', ''Underneath Your Clothes'', ''[[:en:Objection (Tango)|Objection]]'', ''Beautiful Liar'' n'etiti ndị ọzọ na 2010 o wepụtara egwu egwu ''[[:en:Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)|Waka Waka]]'' maka [[:en:2010 FIFA World Cup|2010 FIFA World Cup]].<ref name="Huey">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/shakira/artist.jhtml|title=Shakira&nbsp;– Full Biography|access-date=20 March 2010|last=Huey|first=Steve|publisher=MTV|archive-date=25 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425032429/http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/shakira/artist.jhtml|url-status=dead|accessdate=15 March 2026|archivedate=25 April 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425032429/http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/shakira/artist.jhtml}}</ref><ref name="OfficialSongFIFA">{{cite news|first=Sara D |last=Anderson |date=27 April 2010 |title=Shakira Records Official Song for 2010 FIFA World Cup |url=http://www.aolradioblog.com/2010/04/27/shakira-records-offical-song-2010-fifa-world-cup/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429210729/http://www.aolradioblog.com/2010/04/27/shakira-records-offical-song-2010-fifa-world-cup/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=29 April 2010 |publisher=Aolradioblog |access-date=30 April 2010 }}</ref> Ọ so na ndị na-egwu egwu kacha ere n'ụwa ma pụtakwara n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri. == Ihe nketa na mmezu ya == [[File:EstatuaShakiraMalecon.jpg|thumb|right|[[:en:statue of Shakira|ihe oyiyi]] Shakira na [[:en:Barranquilla|Barranquilla]], [[:en:Colombia|Colombia]]]] Shakira bụ onye ama ama na Latin na egwu ụwa. N'ihi abụ ya, o nyewo aka n'ịmụbawanye mmụta na iji asụsụ Spanish eme ihe n'ụwa nile. N'obodo ya bụ {{ill|Barranquilla|en}}, e nwere ihe oyiyi ya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colombia.travel/en/where-to-go/caribbean/barranquilla/activities/shakira-monument|title=Shakira's Monuments|publisher=Colombia.Travel|access-date=20 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802173624/http://www.colombia.travel/en/where-to-go/caribbean/barranquilla/activities/shakira-monument?page=1|archive-date=2 August 2019}}</ref> Ọ nwetala ọtụtụ ihe nrite gụnyere {{ill|Grammy Awards|en}} ugboro iri na itoolu gụnyere n'ụdị Spanish. Ọ nwetala utu aha nsọpụrụ ma mee n'ọtụtụ mmemme gụnyere egwuregwu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.grammy.com/news/who-are-top-latin-grammy-winners-all-time|title=Who Are The Top Latin GRAMMY Winners Of All Time?|publisher=[[The Latin Recording Academy]]|date=26 September 2017|access-date=11 March 2018|archive-date=27 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127145314/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/who-are-top-latin-grammy-winners-all-time|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Ndụ nke onwe ya== Shakira na onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Spen {{ill|Gerard Piqué|en}}, onye dị afọ iri kpọmkwem, zutere na mbụ na June 2010 mgbe ha na-agbapụ vidiyo egwu maka egwu Shakira ''Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)'' na [[South Africa]], abụ gọọmentị nke 2010 FIFA World Cup.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Smith |first=Nasha |date=3 February 2025 |title=Shakira and Gerard Piqué's Relationship Timeline |url=https://people.com/music/shakira-gerard-pique-relationship-timeline/ |access-date=14 May 2025 |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> Mmekọrịta malitere na di na nwunye ahụ wee biri na [[:en:Barcelona|Barcelona]]. Shakira mụrụ nwa nwoke mbụ ha bụ Milan na 22 Jenụwarị 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shakira welcomes baby boy Milan Piqué Mebarak|url=http://nbclatino.com/2013/01/22/shakira-welcomes-baby-boy-milan-pique-mebarak/|publisher=NBC News|access-date=23 January 2013|archive-date=7 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407054710/http://nbclatino.com/2013/01/22/shakira-welcomes-baby-boy-milan-pique-mebarak/|url-status=dead|accessdate=15 March 2026|archivedate=7 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407054710/http://nbclatino.com/2013/01/22/shakira-welcomes-baby-boy-milan-pique-mebarak/}}</ref> Ọ mụrụ nwa ha nwoke nke abụọ, Sasha, na 29 January 2015. Agbanyeghị na 2022 di na nwunye ahụ gbara alụkwaghịm mgbe afọ 12 gachara.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Rebaza |first1=Claudia |last2=Sottile |first2=Zoe |title=Shakira and footballer Gerard Piqué announce split |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/04/celebrities/shakira-gerard-pique-split-intl-scli/index.html |access-date=4 June 2022 |publisher=CNN|date=4 June 2022 }}</ref> Shakira etinyekwala aka na esemokwu ụtụ isi [[Spain|Spanish]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nolan |first1=Emma |title=Shakira tax evasion charges explained as singer likely to face trial |url=https://www.newsweek.com/shakira-tax-evasion-charges-explained-singer-likely-face-trial-1614242 |access-date=2 November 2021 |work=[[Newsweek]] |date=29 July 2021}}</ref> ==Ntụaka== {{reflist}} l2kyphv9uwgtwophzmr10of5ht2iy3t 0 73629 628647 598154 2026-04-02T04:24:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sarah Jackson''' ( ''née'' '''Yorke''' ; Julaị 1805){{snd}} Ọgọst 23, 1887) bụ nwanyị Amerịka bụ onye na-anabata ndị ọbịa na [[:en:White_House|White House]] ma bụrụkwa nwanyị mbụ nke United States site na Nọvemba 26, 1834, ruo Maachị 4, 1837. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ a dịka nwunye nwa onyeisiala mba Amerịka [[:en:Andrew_Jackson|bụ Andrew Jackson]] mgbe ọ lụsịrị nwa nwoke ọ kuchiri, [[:en:Andrew_Jackson_Jr.|Andrew Jackson Jr.]] A kpọrọ ya aha mbụ dịka onye nwe ụlọ obibi Jackson dị na Tennessee, [[:en:The_Hermitage_(Nashville,_Tennessee)|Hermitage]], mana ọ kwagara na White House wee bụrụ onye na-anabata [[Emily Donelson]] mgbe ọkụ mebiri Hermitage ahụ. Mgbe Donelson dara ọrịa, Jackson weghaara ọkwa onye na-anabata ndị ọbịa na White House ruo oge fọdụrụnụ. Mgbe ọ hapụrụ Ụlọ Ọcha ahụ, ọ laghachiri na Hermitage e rụziri arụzi, biri ebe ahụ ruo mgbe ọ dị ndụ ọzọ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Galloway |first=Linda Bennett |date=1950 |title=Andrew Jackson, Junior |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42621045 |journal=Tennessee Historical Quarterly |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=195–216 |jstor=42621045 |issn=0040-3261}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Spence |first=Richard Douglas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0BM4DwAAQBAJ |title=Andrew Jackson Donelson: Jacksonian and Unionist |publisher=Vanderbilt University Press |year=2017 |isbn=9780826521651 |pages=61}}</ref> == Ndụ nwata ya== A mụrụ Sarah Yorke na Julaị 1805, na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], n'ime ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya.<ref name="firstladies">{{Cite web |title=First Lady Biography: Rachel Jackson |url=https://firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103213829/https://firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=7 |archive-date=January 3, 2023 |website=National First Ladies' Library |accessdate=March 16, 2026 |archivedate=January 3, 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103213829/https://firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=7 }}</ref><ref name="scofield">{{Cite book |last=Mune |first=Christina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1K-CwAAQBAJ&q=best%2520dressed |title=A Companion to First Ladies |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-118-73218-2 |editor-last=Sibley |editor-first=Katherine A. S. |pages=126 |chapter=Rachel Donelson Robards Jackson: A Reluctant First Lady}}</ref> Sarah Yorke lụrụ {{ill|Andrew Jackson Jr.|en}}, onye nkuchi nke Onye isi ala Andrew Jackson na Nọvemba 24, 1831. A kpọrọ di na nwunye ahụ ka ha nọrọ na White House n'ime ọnwa ndị na-esote. N'ime oge ahụ, ya na onyeisi oche na-akpakọrịta, bụ́ onye weere ya dị ka nwa nwanyị. A na-eche ma ọ ga-abụ onye nnabata ọhụrụ nke White House, mana ọrụ ahụ ka dị n'aka nwa nwanne onye isi ala, [[Emily Donelson]]. Mgbe ha hapụrụ White House, di na nwunye ọhụrụ ahụ gara The Hermitage, ihe ọkụkụ Jacksons na Tennessee.<ref name="scofield"/> ==Onye nnabata White House== Ezinụlọ ahụ bịarutere White House na Nọvemba 26, 1834 ma ozugbo ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta ụlọ White House yana Donelson. Ọ bụ naanị oge n'akụkọ ihe mere eme mgbe enwere ụmụ nwanyị abụọ n'otu oge na-eme ihe dị ka onye nnabata White House.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Deppisch |first=Ludwig M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YM8vEAAAQBAJ |title=Women in the Life of Andrew Jackson |publisher=McFarland |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-4766-4285-7 |pages=170 |language=en}}</ref> Ka Donelson na-arịa ọrịa siri ike, Jackson ghọrọ onye nnabata White House n'ozuzu ya n'October 1836. Ọ nọgidere bụrụ naanị onye ọbịa maka oge ezumike nke nna di ya ruo mgbe ọ hapụrụ ọrụ na 1837.<ref name=":3"/><ref name="watson">{{Cite book |last=Watson |first=Robert P. |url=https://archive.org/details/firstladiesofuni0000wats |title=First Ladies of the United States: A Biographical Dictionary |publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-62637-353-2 |pages=51 |language=en |doi=10.1515/9781626373532 |author-link=Robert P. Watson |s2cid=249333854}}</ref> Di ya nwụrụ na 1865. Sarah Yorke Jackson nwụrụ na August 23, 1887, na Nashville, Tennessee, mgbe ọ dị afọ 82.<ref name="firstladies"/> ==Ntụaka== {{reflist}} 6vovxfc7j3lxc3dj1ddflmu8gqtqvw4 0 73630 628645 627813 2026-04-02T04:13:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sarah Angelica Van Buren''' (''nee'': '''Singleton''' ; Febụwarị 13, 1818 – Disemba 29, 1877) bụ onye nketa nwanyị Amerịka na nwunye nwa [[President of the United States|onyeisiala nke asatọ nke United States]], [[:en:Martin_Van_Buren|Martin Van Buren]]. Ọ lụrụ nwa Onyeisiala, [[:en:Abraham_Van_Buren_II|Abraham Van Buren nke Abụọ]]. O were ọkwa onyeisiala n'ihi na nwunye onyeisiala, [[:en:Hannah_Van_Buren|Hannah Van Buren]], anwụọla, ọ lụghịkwa di ọzọ. Ọ bụ nwanyị kacha nta n'ime ndị na-anabata ndị ọbịa [[:en:White_House|White House]], na-arụ ọrụ ahụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ. ==Mbido ndụ ya== A mụrụ Sarah Angelica Singleton na [[South Carolina]] na February 13, 1818. Ọ bụ nwa nke anọ n'ime ụmụaka isii.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anthony|first1=Carl|title=First Ladies Never Married to Presidents: Angelica Van Buren|url=http://www.firstladies.org/blog/first-ladies-never-married-to-presidents-angelica-van-buren/|access-date=February 1, 2018|publisher=National First Ladies Library & Museum|date=September 27, 2014|archive-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813113531/http://www.firstladies.org/blog/first-ladies-never-married-to-presidents-angelica-van-buren/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KqeXCgAAQBAJ|title=America's First Ladies: A Historical Encyclopedia and Primary Document Collection of the Remarkable Women of the White House: A Historical Encyclopedia and Primary Document Collection of the Remarkable Women of the White House|last=Hendricks|first=Nancy|date=2015-10-13|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781610698832|language=en}}</ref> == Alụmdi ya== N'oge oyi nke 1837-38, Angelica na nwanne ya nwanyị Marion nọrọ na [[Washington, D.C.]] na United States Senator William C. Preston, nwa nwanne nne ha. Akpọbatara ụmụ agbọghọ ndị ahụ na ụmụ nwoke nke onye isi ala Martin Van Buren. Angelica nwere njikọ na nwa President Abraham, bụ onye n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị rịọrọ ya ka ọ lụọ ya. Ha lụrụ na ubi nna ya na November 27, 1838.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AzPd0aVnOl0C|title=All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families|last=Wead|first=Doug|date=2004-01-06|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9780743446334|language=en}}</ref><ref name="FL Library">{{Cite web |title=First Lady Biography: Hannah Van Buren |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=8 |access-date=March 30, 2023 |website=National First Ladies Library |archive-date=October 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009205029/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=8 |url-status=dead |accessdate=March 19, 2026 |archivedate=October 9, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009205029/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=8 }}</ref> ==Nwanyị mbụ== Mgbe agbamakwụkwọ ahụ gasịrị, Van Buren weghaara ọrụ nke onye ọbịa na White House, nke a mere ka ọ bụrụ nwunye mbụ nke United States nke ọma, dịka nne di ya nwụrụ ọtụtụ afọ tupu mgbe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=77u4CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA139E|title=A Companion to First Ladies|last=Sibley|first=Katherine A. S.|date=2016-03-02|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118732243|language=en}}</ref> ==Ntụaka== {{reflist}} m752lkkf845rp64vgumne69youqs5sf 0 73733 628656 597985 2026-04-02T07:08:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military person | name = Seán South | image = File:Seán-south.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|2|8|df=yes}} | death_date = {{death date and age |1957|1|1|1928|2|8|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Limerick]], [[County Limerick]], Ireland | death_place = [[Brookeborough]], [[County Fermanagh]], Northern Ireland | placeofburial = Mount St Lawrence Cemetery, Limerick, [[County Limerick]] | placeofburial_label = | nickname = | allegiance = [[Irish Republic]] | branch = [[Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)|Irish Republican Army]] | serviceyears = 1956–1957 | rank = [[Volunteer (Irish republican)|Volunteer]] | unit = Pearse Column | commands = | battles = [[Border Campaign (IRA)|Border Campaign]] | awards = | relations = | laterwork = }} {{Short description|Onye agha Republican nke Ireland}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} '''Seán South''' ({{langx|ga|'''Seán Sabhat'''}}; 8 Febụwarị 1928 - 1 Jenụwarị 1957)<ref name="D.J. Hickey 2003, Pg.452">''A New Dictionary of Irish History from 1800'', D.J. Hickey & J.E. Doherty, Gill & Macmillan, Dublin 2003, {{ISBN|0-7171-2520-3}} Pg.452</ref> bụ onye otu ndị agha [[Irish Republican Army (1922-1969)|IRA]] nke [[Seán Garland]] duziri mgbe ha wakporo ebe agha [[Royal Ulster Constabulary]] dị na [[Brookeborough]], [[County Fermanagh]], [[Northern Ireland]], na [[Ụbọchị Afọ Ọhụrụ]] 1957.<ref name="D.J. Hickey 2003, Pg.452"/> South, ya na [[Fergal O'Hanlon]] si County Monaghan, nwụrụ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ e merụrụ n'oge mwakpo ahụ. South ka emesiri, ndị otu Republican na-echeta ya dị ka onye nwụrụ n'ihi okwukwe ya.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dingley |first1=James C. |title=The IRA: The Irish Republican Army |date=2012 |publisher=Praeger}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Haddick-Flynn |first1=Kevin |title=Seán South of Garryowen |date=22 February 2013 |publisher=[[History Ireland]] |url=https://www.historyireland.com/sean-south-of-garryowen/}}</ref> ==Ndụ== A mụrụ Seán South na [[Limerick (obodo)|Limerick]], ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Sexton Street [[Ọgbakọ Ụmụnna Ndị Kraịst|Ụmụnna Ndị Kraịst]] ụlọ akwụkwọ, mechara rụọ ọrụ dịka odeakwụkwọ n'ụlọ ọrụ mbubata osisi nke a na-akpọ McMahon's. Ọ bụ onye otu ọtụtụ òtù, gụnyere [[Clann na Poblachta]] (onye ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ya n'oge [[ntuli aka izugbe nke Ireland, ntuli aka 1948|1948]]), [[Sinn Féin]], [[Gaelic League]] na [[Legion of Mary]].<ref name="DIB"/> Na Limerick, o hiwere alaka mpaghara nke [[Maria Duce]],<ref name="D.J. Hickey 2003, Pg.452"/><ref name="DIB">{{cite web |url=https://dib.cambridge.org/viewFullScreen.do?filename=a8195 |title=South (Sabhat), Seán |last=White |first=Lawrence William |website=Dictionary of Irish Biography |access-date=22 November 2020 }}</ref> otu nzukọ [[Ụka Katọlik|Ndị Katọlik Roman]] nke [[Denis Fahey|Father Denis Fahey]] na-eduzi, ebe South deziri ma {{lang|ga|An Gath}} na {{lang|ga|An Giolla}}. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị onye otu, ụfọdụ na-atụkwa aro na South nwere njikọ na otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndi fascist [[Ailtirí na hAiséirghe]], ndị otu ya ọ zutere site na otu ndị otu asụsụ Irish {{lang|ga|Craobh na hAiséirghe}} (alaka [[Gaelic League]]) na {{lang|ga|Glún na Buaidhe}}, bụ ndị bikọrigọ ọnụ ma kwado Ailtirí na hAiséirghe.<ref name="Gannon">{{cite web |url=http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/olj%2044%20082%20Schools%20of%20Corruption.pdf |title='Schools of Corruption' The Context of Seán South's Anti-Semitism |last=Gannon |first=Seán |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231221630/http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/olj%2044%20082%20Schools%20of%20Corruption.pdf |url-status=live |accessdate=18 March 2026 |archivedate=31 December 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231221630/http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/olj%2044%20082%20Schools%20of%20Corruption.pdf }}</ref> Ọkà ihe mere eme bụ́ R.M. Douglas kwuru na "enweghị ihe akaebe ọ bụla" na South nwere njikọ na Ailtiri na Aiséirghe<ref>{{cite book |last=Douglas |first=RM |author-link= |date=2009 |title=Architects of the Resurrection: Ailtirí na hAiséirghe and the Fascist 'New Order' in Ireland |url= |location= |publisher= |page=286 |isbn=}}</ref> ebe onye dere akụkọ ndụ nke South nke afọ 1964 bụ Mainchin Seoighe kwenyere na ọ bụ onye otu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Seoighe |first=Mainchín |author-link= |date=1964 |title=Maraíodh Seán Sabhat aréir |url= |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=5 January 2017 |title=Why no public outcry at Gerry Adams paying homage to the notorious fascist thug Sean South? |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/opinion/columnists/nelson-mccausland/why-no-public-outcry-at-gerry-adams-paying-homage-to-the-notorious-fascist-thug-sean-south-35342545.html |work=[[Belfast Telegraph]] |location= |access-date=26 July 2022 |quote=South's biographer Mainchin Seoighe also states that he was a member of the fascist party Ailtiri na hAiseirighe, and he was certainly a sympathiser.}}</ref> Ọ natara ọzụzụ agha dịka onye isi nke nchekwa ndị agha Ireland, [[Agha Nchekwa Obodo (Ireland)#Agha Nchekwa Obodo|Agha Nchekwa Obodo]], nke ga-emecha ghọọ {{lang|ga|An Fórsa Cosanta Áitiúil}}, tupu ọ ghọọ onye ọrụ afọ ofufe na [[Ndị Agha Republican nke Ireland (1922-1969)|Ndị Agha Republican nke Ireland]].<ref name="D.J. Hickey 2003, Pg.452"/> Dịka onye otu An Réalt (otu nke Legion of Mary nke na-asụ asụsụ Irish),<ref>{{cite book |last=Bishop, Patrick & Mallie, Eamonn |title=The Provisional IRA |publisher=Corgi Books |year=1987 |isbn=0-552-13337-X |page=42}}</ref> South bụ onye Katọlik na-efe ofufe ma na-agbaso omenala ndị ọzọ, ọbụnadị dịka e si mara ya n'oge ahụ.<ref>Brian Hanley and Scott Millar (2009), ''The Lost Revolution: The Story of the Official IRA and The Workers' Party'', p.14</ref> Ọ bụ n'ọgbakọ An Réalt ka o zutere naanị enyi ya nwanyị dị ezigbo mkpa, Máire de Paor. Ọ bụ onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ si Limerick ma hụkwa asụsụ Irish n'anya nke ukwuu.<ref>Des Fogarty (2006), ''Seán South of Garryowen'', p.32</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye otu [[Ndị Knights nke Columbanus]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Haddick-Flynn |first1=Kevin |title=The Backward Glance: A Miscellany of Irish History, Politics and Culture |page=17}}</ref> N'afọ 1949, South dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ozi nye akwụkwọ akụkọ obodo ya, ''[[Limerick Leader]]''. Akwụkwọ ozi ndị a katọrọ ihe nkiri [[Cinema nke United States|Hollywood]] maka ihe South weere dị ka ozi rụrụ arụ ha. South boro ebubo na ihe nkiri ndị a na-akwalite "nkwupụta okwu aghụghọ nke sitere na isi mmalite [[Judeo-Masonic controverse formation|Judeo-Masonic]] a na-achịkwa, nke na-agbagọ ma na-emebi uche nke ndị ntorobịa anyị."<ref name="dh">David Hannigan, "Spiders under the Stone". ''[[Fortnight (magazine)|Fortnight]]'', No. 314 (Feb., 1993), pp. 34-35</ref><ref name="isw">Ian S. Wood, ''Britain, Ireland and the Second World War''. [[Edinburgh University Press]], Edinburgh, 2010 {{ISBN|9780748630011}} (p.204)</ref> South kwukwara na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Amerịka bụ "ndị isi ndị Juu na ndị Masonic na-achịkwa ya, ndị na-achịkwa ya na ọkwa [[Kọmunist|Kọmunist]]."<ref name="dh" /> N'akwụkwọ ozi ya, South katọrọkwa ndị otu ọrụ Irish [[otu ndị ọrụ]], ma too ọrụ Senator [[Joseph McCarthy]] na United States.<ref name="isw" /> N'akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ ọ dere n'afọ ndị sochirinụ, South hotara ihe sitere n'aka [[A. K. Chesterton]], onye otu [[British Union of Fascist]] na onye guzobere [[League of Empire Loyalists]], nke mechara jikọta ya na [[British National Party (1960)|British National Party]] na 1967 wee bụrụ [[National Front (UK)|National Front]].<ref name="Gannon"/> ==Ọnwụ== N'ụbọchị Afọ Ọhụrụ nke afọ 1957, ndị ọrụ afọ ofufe IRA iri na anọ gafere ókèala ahụ gaa [[County Fermanagh]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.edentubber50th.com/pages/south.php |title=Sean South |website=Edentubber Martyrs 50th Anniversary |accessdate=2009-05-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115191715/http://www.edentubber50th.com/pages/south.php |archive-date=2009-11-15 |archivedate=15 November 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115191715/http://www.edentubber50th.com/pages/south.php }} Edentubber Martyrs Fiftieth Anniversary</ref> iji wakpo ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala [[Royal Ulster Constabulary|RUC]]/[[Ulster Special Constabulary#Organization|B Specials]] dị na Moane's Cross na Altawark [[townland]] dị nso na Cooneen, maịlụ isii site na [[Brookeborough]]. N'oge mwakpo ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ afọ ofufe merụrụ ahụ, abụọ nwụrụ anwụ. South na [[Fergal O'Hanlon]] nwụrụ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ ha ka ha na-agba ọsọ. Ndị enyi ha bubatara ozu ha n'ime ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ochie nke nkume ájá. E ji nkume e si n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ahụ wuo ihe ncheta n'ebe ahụ.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anphoblacht.com/news/detail/31334 |title=Roslea remembers its martyrs |first=Laura |last=Friel |date=8 October 1998 |newspaper=[[An Phoblacht]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526103600/http://www.anphoblacht.com/news/detail/31334 |archive-date=May 26, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ebe a dị n'ebe na-ejikọ ụzọ Cooneen na Teiges Hill Road, ihe dị ka maịlụ isii n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Rosslea. E mere olili ozu South na Jenụwarị 5, 1957, ọtụtụ mmadụ wee ruo ọtụtụ puku, gụnyere ndị ụkọchukwu na Meyọ nke Obodo Limerick [[Ted Russell (onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ireland)|Ted Russell]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Horgan |first1=John |title=Sean Lemass: The Enigmatic Patriot |date=1997 |publisher=Gill & Macmillan}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Irish Border: History, Politics, Culture |date=1999 |publisher=Liverpool University Press |page=113}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Haddick-Flynn |first1=Kevin |title=The Backward Glance: A Miscellany of Irish History, Politics and Culture |date=2022 |page=35}}</ref> ==Ihe nketa== Ihe nketa nke South ka bụ okwu esemokwu na esemokwu, ọkachasị na [[Northern Ireland]] ebe South nwụrụ. Na 2019, [[Ulster Unionist Party]] MLA [[Rosemary Barton (onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị)|Rosemary Barton]] katọrọ [[Martin Kenny]] maka [[Sinn Féin]] maka ito ihe nketa South na ncheta kwa afọ nke emere maka South na Limerick. Barton kwuru na mwakpo South wakporo ebe obibi Brookeborough n'afọ 1957 bụ ihe iyi egwu ma kpọọ South "onye a ma ama na onye na-emegide ndị Juu".<ref>{{cite news |date=10 January 2019 |title=Row over claims legendary IRA man was Nazi sympathiser |url=https://fermanaghherald.com/2019/01/row-over-claims-legendary-ira-man-was-nazi-sympathiser/ |work=The Fermanagh Herald |access-date=22 November 2020}}</ref> Kwa afọ na Limerick Sinn Féin na-ahazi ncheta nke South, ya na onye kansụl Limerick Sinn Féin bụ John Costelloe na-ekwu "ka nwoke si Limerick bịa wee merie ike nke Alaeze Ukwu Briten were obi ike... anyị kwesịrị ịsọpụrụ ndị dike anyị".<ref>{{cite web |title=Limerick councillor seeks to honour Sean South in his home city |date=17 May 2021 |publisher=Limerick Leader |url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/home/633537/limerick-councillor-seeks-to-honour-sean-south-in-his-home-city.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517071256/https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/home/633537/limerick-councillor-seeks-to-honour-sean-south-in-his-home-city.html |archive-date=2021-05-17 }}</ref> Aha obodo Limerick [[club]] nke [[Official Sinn Féin]] ka e ji aha South kpọọ.<ref>{{Cite book |title = INLA Deadly Divisions |author= Holland and McDonald |date = 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 2025, Pádraig Óg Ó Ruairc, onye otu Republican na ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ireland, katọrọ South dị ka onye fasizim ma kwuo na South abụghị onye otu Republican kwesịrị icheta.<ref>{{cite podcast |host=Hugh Linehan |date=23 April 2025 |title=How the Dublin Riots can be traced back to the Blueshirts |url=https://open.spotify.com/episode/6wYqUrxYXEpmVdlwcNhEcy?si=74b91f1847464988 |work=Inside Politics |publisher=[[Irish Times]] |time=40:00 |access-date=}}</ref> ===Ncheta=== Mwakpo ahụ e mere n'ogige ndị agha kpaliri abụ abụọ a ma ama nke ndị nnupụisi: "Seán South of Garryowen" na "[[The Patriot Game]]".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091115191715/http://www.edentubber50th.com/pages/south.php Ruan O'Donnell, Professor of History at the University of Limerick] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115191715/http://www.edentubber50th.com/pages/south.php |date=2009-11-15}}</ref> *"[[Sean South (song)|Sean South]]", a makwaara ya dị ka "Sean South of Garryowen", nke Sean Costello dere dịka egwu nke otu egwu Republican ọzọ "[[Roddy McCorley]]"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thesession.org/tunes/display/6673|title = Roddy McCorley (March) on the Session| date=20 January 2007 }}</ref> ma mee ka a mara ya site na [[Wolfe Tones]]. *A kpọtụkwara South aha n'egwu [[Rubberdants]]' nke a kpọrọ "Up Da Ra", nke na-eme ihe ọchị n'echiche nke [[Onye agha oche | onye ọchịchị aka nke ndị Republican]] site na iji usoro akwụkwọ nke [[onye na-akọ akụkọ a na-apụghị ịtụkwasị obi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://genius.com/Rubberbandits-up-the-ra-lyrics |title=Rubberbandits - Up Da Ra |website=Genius}}</ref> *E nwere ihe e ji echeta ya n'èzí ebe a mụrụ ya na [[Henry Street, Limerick]].<ref>[http://www.limerickleader.ie/news/local-news/196692/Limerick-commemorations-mark-the-death-of.html Limerick commemorations mark the death of Sean South]</ref> [[File:South and ohanlon.jpg|thumb|Ihe ncheta dị na Moane's Cross, Fermanagh gaa South na O'Hanlon]] ==Ihe odide ala ala== {{reflist|33em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:South, Sean}} [[Category: Ndị nwụrụ anwụ]] lsvgpcsz2f2z3j8wizpaotevirhuhin 0 73782 628551 623707 2026-04-01T14:22:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rose Elizabeth Cleveland''' (June 13, 1846 - November 22, 1918) bụ onye edemede na onye nkuzi America. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka First Lady nke United States site na 1885 ruo 1886, n'oge onye isi ala nke nwanne ya nwoke, [[:en:Grover_Cleveland|Grover Cleveland]], onye lụrụ na 1886. ==Ndụ ya== A mụrụ Rose Elizabeth Cleveland na [[:en:New York State|New York]], na Juun 13, 1846. Nwa nke itoolu na nke ọdụdụ nke Reverend. Ezinụlọ ya si England kwaga. N'oge [[American Civil War|Agha obodo America]], mgbe Cleveland dị afọ 14, ụmụnne ya niile akwapụla ma e wezụga nwanne ya nwanyị Susan dị afọ 18. Nwanne ha nwoke Grover kwụrụ ha ụgwọ ịga mahadum. Cleveland gara [[:en:Houghton Seminary|Seminary Houghton]] site na 1864 ruo 1866 wee mụọ akwụkwọ Greek na Latin. O mechara malite ọrụ nkuzi ka ọ gụchara akwụkwọ.<ref name="tippecanoehistory/education-lafayette">{{cite web |title=A Privileged Education in Post Civil War Lafayette, Indiana |url=https://tippecanoehistory.org/finding-aids/a-privileged-education-in-post-civil-war-lafayette-indiana/ |website=Tippecanoe County Historical Association |access-date=July 9, 2025 |quote=When the Lafayette public schools improved, the Lafayette Collegiate Institute closed in 1870. |archive-date=July 6, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250706075816/https://tippecanoehistory.org/finding-aids/a-privileged-education-in-post-civil-war-lafayette-indiana/ |url-status=live |accessdate=March 19, 2026 |archivedate=July 6, 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250706075816/https://tippecanoehistory.org/finding-aids/a-privileged-education-in-post-civil-war-lafayette-indiana/ }}</ref><ref name="worldmaps/lafayette-1868">{{cite web |title=Historic Map – Lafayette, IN – 1868 |url=https://www.worldmapsonline.com/historic-map-lafayette-in-1868/ |website=World Maps Online |access-date=July 9, 2025 |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428152515/https://www.worldmapsonline.com/historic-map-lafayette-in-1868/ |url-status=live }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20250709165715/https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-5luen2shhj/images/stencil/3000x3000/products/2310/26183/1W-IN-LA-1868__07189__95827.1738364841.jpg map]</ref><ref name="indianahistory/Pamphlet">{{cite web |title=Lafayette Collegiate Institute Pamphlet |url=https://indianahistory.org/wp-content/uploads/f321851d2e68c427ae6272a812b70d14.pdf |website=[[Indiana Historical Society]] |access-date=July 9, 2025 |location=Tippecanoe County |date=1864–1865}}</ref><ref name="MoAH" > *Magazine of American History. N.Y. etc., 1877–93. Revived, Mt. Vernon, N.Y., 1901–17. **General index through 1893. *Magazine of History. N.Y. etc., 1905–22. "Extra Numbers," 1908–35. **General indexes to Magazine, 1912, 1919; **to "Extra Numbers," 1919, 1924, 1928. *{{cite book |last1=Handlin |first1=Oscar |last2=Schlesinger |first2=Arthur Meier |last3=Morison |first3=Samuel Eliot |last4=Merk |first4=Frederick |last5=Schlesinger |first5=Arthur Meier Jr |last6=Buck |first6=Paul Herman |author1-link=Oscar Handlin |author2-link=Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr. |author3-link=Samuel Eliot Morison |author4-link=Frederick Merk |author5-link=Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. |author6-link=Paul Herman Buck |title=Harvard Guide to American History |date=1954 |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.230357 |access-date=July 9, 2025 |language=en|ref=none}} </ref> Ụmụnne Cleveland abụọ, Frederick na Louis, furu n'oké osimiri na 1872 ka ha nọ n'ụgbọ mmiri. A họpụtara nwanne ya nwoke Grover ka ọ bụrụ gọvanọ New York na 1882. Cleveland jụrụ ọrụ izi ihe na [[New York City]] ka o nwee ike inyere ya aka. Cleveland na nwanne ya nwoke nọ mgbe ọ matara na a họpụtara ya ịbụ onyeisi oche, ma o guzoro n'akụkụ ya n'oge nraranye onye isi ala ya. ==Na-eme dị ka nwanyị mbụ nke United States== Mgbe Grover ghọrọ onyeisi oche nke United States na 1885, o nweghị nwunye ọ ga-eje ozi dị ka nwanyị mbụ, n'ihi ya, ọ gwara Cleveland ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ahụ. Ọ nakweere ọkwá ahụ n'agbanyeghị na o nwechaghị mmasị na ya; ndụ agụmakwụkwọ ka ọ họọrọ ka ndụ ọha mmadụ. Dị ka ọ dị na ụmụ nwanyị mbụ nke oge ahụ, Cleveland bụ naanị maka akụkụ ụlọ nke White House, gụnyere nhazi nke mmemme ọha. Ahịrị nnabata White House gwụrụ Cleveland. Nwanne ya nwanyị, Mary Hoyt na-enyere ya aka mgbe ụfọdụ. Cleveland nwere mmasị n'agụmakwụkwọ karịa ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị nke oge ya na agụmakwụkwọ ya jere ozi ya nke ọma na White House, ebe ihe ọmụma nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na asụsụ bụ ihe bara uru mgbe ọ na-agwa ndị isi si gburugburu ụwa okwu.<ref name="indianahistory/Pamphlet"/> Cleveland nọgidere na-eme ihe banyere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. O nwere echiche na-aga n'ihu siri ike, ma ọ gara n'ihu na-ekwupụta ha mgbe ọ na-eme dị ka nwanyị mbụ machibido mmanya na White House. Cleveland kwadoro ikike ụmụ nwanyị, na-akwado n'ihu ọha maka ịhọpụta ụmụ nwanyị. ==Ọnwụ== Mgbe oge ya na White House, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ. Mgbe [[:en:World War I|Agha Ụwa Mbụ]] tiwapụrụ, o nyeere ndị agha merụrụ ahụ aka ilekọta. na 1918, [[:en:Spanish flu|Spanish flu]] bịara, ụmụ nwanyị sokwa onyeisi obodo rụkọọ ọrụ iji hazie nzaghachi. Cleveland butere flu ma nwụọ na November 22, 1918.<ref name="MoAH"/> ==Ntụaka== {{reflist}} ==Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ== * {{Cite book |last=Anthony |first=Carl Sferrazza |author-link=Carl Sferrazza Anthony |url=https://archive.org/details/firstladiessagao00anth |url-access=registration |title=First Ladies: The Saga of the Presidents' Wives and Their Power, 1789–1961 |publisher=William Morrow and Company |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-688-11272-1}} * {{Cite news |last=Brockell |first=Gillian |date=June 20, 2019 |title=A Gay First Lady? Yes, We've Already Had One, and Here Are Her Love Letters. |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/06/20/she-was-once-first-lady-she-is-buried-next-her-longtime-female-partner/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620164312/https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/06/20/she-was-once-first-lady-she-is-buried-next-her-longtime-female-partner/ |archive-date=June 20, 2019}} * {{Cite book |last=Caroli |first=Betty Boyd |author-link=Betty Boyd Caroli |url=https://archive.org/details/firstladiesfromm0000caro |url-access=registration |title=First Ladies: From Martha Washington to Michelle Obama |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-19-539285-2}} *{{Cite book |last1=Ehrenhalt |first1=Lizzie |last2=Laskey |first2=Tilly |chapter=Introduction |title=Precious and Adored: The Love Letters of Rose Cleveland and Evangeline Simpson Whipple, 1890–1918 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/66013/ |url-access=subscription |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-68134-129-3 |via=Project Muse}} sabkr6knubx72t1fnk4vlm89kwpsddh 0 73815 628541 598270 2026-04-01T12:42:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dr Robert Horne Shepherd''' MBE (28 Eprel 1936 - 1 Ọgọst 2023) bụ onye ọrụ mgbasa ozi na onye edemede Scotland nke a maara maka ime ihe ngosi na BBC Radio Scotland na maka ide kọlụm na Doric n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Aberdeen's Press and Journal . <ref name="Birlinn1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.birlinn.co.uk/Robbie-Shepherd/|title=Robbie Shepherd|accessdate=17 January 2014|author=Birlinn Limited|authorlink=Birlinn (publisher)}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Shepherd na Dunecht, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, na 28 Eprel 1936. <ref name="Birlinn1"/> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Robbie Shepherd, cherished journalist and radio host who presented Take The Floor for 35 years – obituary|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2023/08/06/robbie-shepherd-scots-music-the-floor-show-obituary/|accessdate=6 August 2023|publisher=The Telegraph|date=6 August 2023}}</ref> N'afọ ndị 1950, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọgụ ego na Union Terrace dị na Aberdeen, mgbe ọ na-agbalịkwa ịbụ onye na-agụ egwú, na-akpọ ụbọ akwara.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Hendry|first=Ben|date=29 September 2021|title=Romance blossomed on rural bus – now Doric hero Robbie Shepherd and wife Esma mark 60th anniversary|work=[[The Press and Journal]]|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeen-aberdeenshire/3503846/romance-blossomed-on-rural-bus-now-doric-hero-robbie-shepherd-and-wife-esma-mark-60th-anniversary/|accessdate=2 August 2023}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHendry2021">Hendry, Ben (29 September 2021). [https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeen-aberdeenshire/3503846/romance-blossomed-on-rural-bus-now-doric-hero-robbie-shepherd-and-wife-esma-mark-60th-anniversary/ "Romance blossomed on rural bus – now Doric hero Robbie Shepherd and wife Esma mark 60th anniversary"]. ''[[The Press and Journal]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe ngosi dị iche iche. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe ngosi na ihe nkiri dị iche iche, tupu ọ gafee na mgbasa ozi.<ref name=":1"/> N'afọ 1980, ọ ghọrọ onye na-eme ihe ngosi nke BBC Radio Scotland Take the Floor, mmemme redio kachasị ogologo na Scotland, nke ọ nọ na-akwado ruo n'afọ 2016. Ọ kwadokwara The Reel Blend, ọzọ maka BBC Radio Scotland, ma gosipụta ihe omume nke The Beechgrove Garden na nnwale nkịta atụrụ na telivishọn maka BBC Scotland. <ref name="Robbie-BBC1">{{Cite news|date=27 December 2013|title=Documentary on veteran broadcaster Robbie Shepherd|publisher=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-25526375|accessdate=17 January 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-25526375 "Documentary on veteran broadcaster Robbie Shepherd"]. [[BBC News]]. 27 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="BFIExplore">{{Cite web|title=Robbie Shepherd|url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2ba4342a3d|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202133631/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2ba4342a3d|archivedate=2 February 2014|accessdate=18 January 2014|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|author=Banks|first=Ken|date=15 September 2016|title=Broadcaster Robbie Shepherd leaving Take the Floor after 35 years|publisher=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-37320915|accessdate=2 August 2023}}</ref> Shepherd dekwara akwụkwọ gbasara egwu ọgbụgba Scottish na ịgba egwu obodo Scottish, nke bụ ihe a ma ama na ọ bụ ha na-amasị ya.<ref name=":2" /> Shepherd bụ onye na-asụ asụsụ Doric nke ọma, asụsụ a na-asụ n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Scotland niile. O deela akwụkwọ banyere olumba Doric, n'asụsụ Doric. <ref name="Birlinn1"/><ref name="HallofFame">{{Cite web|title=Robbie Shepherd MBE|url=http://projects.scottishcultureonline.com/hall-of-fame/robbie-shepherd-mbe/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130204202743/http://projects.scottishcultureonline.com/hall-of-fame/robbie-shepherd-mbe/|archivedate=4 February 2013|accessdate=18 January 2014|publisher=Scottish Culture Online}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://archive.today/20130204202743/http://projects.scottishcultureonline.com/hall-of-fame/robbie-shepherd-mbe/ "Robbie Shepherd MBE"]. Scottish Traditional Music Hall of Fame. Scottish Culture Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Templeeti:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([[:Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service]]</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1993, ọ malitere ide edemede na Doric maka Press and Journal - edemede Doric ya. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, a kagburu kọlụm ya, mana n'ihi mkpesa sitere n'aka ndị na-agụ ya, e mechara weghachite ya. O dere edemede ikpeazụ ya na kọlụm ahụ na 15 Julaị 2023, izu abụọ tupu ọnwụ ya.<ref name=":1"/> Shepherd bụ onye na-akọwa ihe n'ọgbakọ Braemar na onye otu Oge ndụ ya niile a na-asọpụrụ nke Braemar Royal Highland Society . <ref name="Robbie-BBC1"/><ref name="Braemar-Programme-2013">{{Cite web|url=http://www.braemargathering.org/pdf/gathering_programme.pdf|title=Programme of Braemar Royal Highland Gathering|accessdate=17 January 2014|author=Braemar Royal Highland Charity|year=2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201195517/http://www.braemargathering.org/pdf/gathering_programme.pdf|archivedate=1 February 2014}}</ref> Ọ kọwakwara ihe na egwuregwu Highland ndị ọzọ na Scotland niile, gụnyere Oldmeldrum na Lonach Highland Gathering na Strathdon.<ref name="Robbie-BBC1" /> Ya na enyi ya Robert Lovie na-emekarị nkọwa ahụ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=Glen|first=Louise|date=2 August 2023|title=Legendary broadcaster, compere and Doric doyen Robbie Shepherd dies at 87|work=[[The Press and Journal]]|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeen-aberdeenshire/6006370/robbie-shepherd-died/|accessdate=2 August 2023}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlen2023">Glen, Louise (2 August 2023). [https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeen-aberdeenshire/6006370/robbie-shepherd-died/ "Legendary broadcaster, compere and Doric doyen Robbie Shepherd dies at 87"]. ''[[The Press and Journal]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> E gosipụtara ihe ngosi banyere ọrụ Shepherd na BBC Alba na BBC One Scotland na Disemba 2013. <ref name="Robbie-BBC1"/> Shepherd zutere nwunye ya, Esma Dickson, na ụgbọala bọs. Ha lụrụ na Cluny Churchyard na 23 Septemba 1961 ma nọgide na-alụmdi na nwunye ahụ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. <ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> == Ọnwụ == Shepherd nwụrụ na 1 Ọgọst 2023, mgbe ọ dị afọ irí asatọ na asaa. <ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite news|title=Veteran broadcaster Robbie Shepherd dies aged 87|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-66382482|accessdate=2 August 2023|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=2 August 2023}}</ref> == Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye Ùgwù == A sọpụụrụ Shepherd site n'onye ya [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] na 2001 New Year Honours maka ọrụ ya na Egwu ọgbụgba Scotland nakwa na omenala Scotland. Ka e mesịrị na 2001, Mahadum Aberdeen nyere ya nzere nsọpụrụ, dị ka Master nke Mahadum (M.Univ).<ref name="Robbie-BBC1"/><ref name="Scotsman2001">{{Cite news|title=University of Aberdeen|date=24 November 2001|publisher=[[Johnston Press]]|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/university-of-aberdeen-1-586295|work=[[The Scotsman]]|accessdate=17 January 2014}}</ref> E nyere ya ọtụtụ ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ndị ọzọ site na egwu Scotland na òtù ịgba egwú mba Scotland iji kwado nkwado na ọrụ ya.<ref name="HallofFame"/> == Akwụkwọ Ndị O bipụtara == * Let's Have a Ceilidh: Essential Guide to Scottish Dancing<ref name=":1"/> (1992), .  * A Dash O' Doric: The Wit and Wisdom of the North-East (1995), .  * Anither Dash O'Doric (1996), .  * Dash O'Doric 3: One for the Road (2004), .  * Robbie Shepherd's Doric Columns (2006), .  == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} mcbcxr66g3wjt8qtjna7nbjao17m2o2 0 73848 628655 598346 2026-04-02T07:08:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 628655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Onye otu ndị agha Republican nke Ireland (1928–2001)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}} {{Infobox military person | name = Seán Mac Stíofáin | birth_date = 17 February 1928 | death_date = 18 May 2001 (aged 73) | birth_place = [[Leytonstone]], [[London]], England | death_place = [[Navan]], [[County Meath]], Ireland | placeofburial = | placeofburial_label = | birth_name = John Edward Drayton Stephenson | nickname = | allegiance = [[United Kingdom]] <small>(ruo 1949)</small><br> [[Irish Republic]] <small>(mgbe afọ 1949 gachara)</small> | branch = [[Royal Air Force]] <small>(1945–1948)</small><br/>[[Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)|Irish Republican Army]] <small>(1949–1969)</small><br/>[[Provisional Irish Republican Army|Provisional IRA]] <small>(1969–1973)</small> | serviceyears = 1945–1973 | rank = [[Corporal#United Kingdom|Corporal]] <small>(Royal Air Force)</small> [[IRA Director of Intelligence|Director of Intelligence]] <small>(IRA)</small> [[Chief of staff]] <small>(Provisional IRA)</small> | unit = | commands = | battles = [[The Troubles]] | awards = | relations = | laterwork = [[Onye nta akụkọ]] }} '''Seán Mac Stíofáin''' (amụrụ '''John Edward Drayton Stephenson'''; 17 Febụwarị 1928– 18 Mee 2001) bụ onye Bekee a mụrụ [[Ndepụta nke Ndị Isi Ndị Ọrụ IRA|onyeisi ndị ọrụ]] nke [[Ndị Agha Republican nke Ireland Provisional|Provisional IRA]], ọkwa o nwere n'etiti 1969 rụọ na 1972. ==Ndụ nwata ya== Ọ bụ ezie na o jiri ụdị aha [[Gaelicisation|Gaelicised]] mee ihe n'oge o mechara ndụ, a mụrụ Mac Stíofáin John Edward Drayton Stephenson na [[Leytonstone]], [[London]], na 1928. Ọ bụ naanị otu nwa, nna ya bụ odeakwụkwọ ọkaiwu [[ndị Bekee|English]], nne ya bụkwa onye London si [[Ndị Protestant Ulster|Ndị Protestant Ulster]] na [[Belfast|ọwụwa anyanwụ Belfast]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/may/20/northernireland.theobserver|title=Death of the Englishman who led the Provisionals|author=Hunter, John|date=20 May 2001|access-date=3 May 2020|work=[[The Observer]]|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410191225/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/may/20/northernireland.theobserver|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Second- and third-generation Irish joining the republican movement is not uncommon – see the October 2004 ''[[Fortnight Magazine]]'' book review of "Choosing The Green? Second Generation Irish and the Cause of Ireland" by Brian Dooley [http://www.fortnight.org/oruairc429.html here] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060430070947/http://www.fortnight.org/oruairc429.html |date=30 April 2006 }}.</ref> O kwuru na nne ya hapụrụ ya ihe dị ya n'obi mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa site n'inye ya ntụziaka: <blockquote>"Abụ m onye Ireland, ya mere ị bụ onye Ireland… Echefula ya."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/1338365.stm|title=Sean MacStiofain: Londoner who led the IRA|date=18 May 2001|work=BBC News|access-date=14 February 2014|archive-date=22 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222130840/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/1338365.stm|url-status=live}}</ref></blockquote> Nna ya nke na-aṅụbiga mmanya ókè mebiri ndụ nwata ya. Nne ya, onye hụrụ nwa ya nwoke n'anya, nwụrụ mgbe Mac Stíofáin dị afọ iri. Mac Stíofáin gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Katọlik, ebe ọ zutere ụmụ akwụkwọ Irish na-akwado [[Sinn Féin]]. Ọ hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ na 1944 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii ma rụọ ọrụ n'ọrụ iwu ụlọ, tupu ọ bụrụ onye agha [[Ntinye aka na United Kingdom|ndị agha]] na [[Ndị agha ụgbọelu Royal]] na 1945. O ruru ọkwa kopọral. Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị RAF, ọ laghachiri London ebe ọ malitere itinye aka na òtù ndị Ireland na Britain. O buru ụzọ sonyere [[Conradh na Gaeilge]] (Gaelic League), wee banye [[Irish Anti-Partition League]], zụtara (ma mesịa ree) ''[[United Irishman (akwụkwọ akụkọ 1948)|United Irishman]]'', sonyeere Sinn Féin na London, ma mechaa nye aka n'ịhazi otu IRA na 1949. O bu ụzọ zute nwunye ya Máire, onye si [[Castletownroche]], County Cork. Mac Stíofáin wee malite ịrụ ọrụ maka [[British Rail]]. ==Isonyere IRA== Na 25 Julaị 1953, Mac Stíofáin sonyere na mwakpo ngwa agha [[Irish Republican Army (1922–69)|IRA]] n'ebe a na-echekwa ngwa agha nke [[Ndị Ọfịs' Training Corps]] na [[Felsted School]] na [[Essex]]. Ndị otu IRA nwetara ihe karịrị egbe 108, egbe Bren iri na egbe Sten asatọ, ngwa agha abụọ na bọmbụ ngwa agha n'oge mwakpo ahụ. Ndị uwe ojii jidere van ahụ bu ngwa ọgụ ndị e zuru awa ole na ole ka nke ahụ gasịrị, n'ihi na ọ na-ebu oke ibu nke na ọ na-aga ihe dị ka 20mph na [[Braintree, Essex|Braintree]] site na okporo ụzọ dị n'azụ ya. Na 19 Ọgọst 1953, a mara ya ikpe, ya na [[Cathal Goulding]] na [[Manus Canning]], mkpọrọ afọ asatọ site n'ụlọ ikpe dị na [[Bishop's Stortford]], Hertfordshire. Ọ bụ n'oge mwakpo ahụ ka Mac Stíofáin mụtara okwu ole na ole mbụ ya nke [[asụsụ Irish|Irish]] n'aka Cathal Goulding. O mechara mụta asụsụ ahụ nke ọma. Mgbe a kpọchiri ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ [[HM Prison Wormwood Scrubs|Wormwood Scrubs]] na [[HM Prison Brixton|Brixton]], ọ mụtara ọ bụghị naanị obere [[asụsụ Grik|Grik]] n'aka ndị mkpọrọ Saịprọs [[EOKA]] (ọ ghọrọ enyi [[Nikos Sampson]]) kamakwa "eziokwu nke mkpọsa ndị agha nnupụisi megide ọchịchị Britain".<ref name="Saoirse">[http://homepage.tinet.ie/~eirenua/2001/jun01/saoirse3.htm "Outstanding IRA leader and giant of a man in the Republican Movement"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216123750/http://homepage.tinet.ie/%7Eeirenua/2001/jun01/saoirse3.htm |date=16 February 2006 }}, in: ''[[Saoirse Irish Freedom|Saoirse]]'', June 2001</ref> Mgbe e nyere ya ikike ịpụ apụ na 1959, Mac Stíofáin gara [[Republic of Ireland]] ya na nwunye ya na ezinụlọ ya dị obere wee biri na Dublin, ma mechaa [[Navan]], a makwaara ya dịka aha ya si dị na Irish. Nke a abụghị nleta mbụ ya na mba ahụ, ọ gara Ireland otu ọnwa tupu mwakpo Felsted na 1953.<ref name=memoirs>Mac Stiofain, Sean ''Memoirs of a Revolutionary''</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ere ahịa n'otu òtù na-asụ asụsụ Irish. Ọ nọgidere na-arụsi ọrụ ike na IRA ma nye okwu [[Bodenstown]] na 1959. Obi adịghị ya mma maka ụzọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka ekpe | n'aka ekpe]] - nke malitere site na 1964 - enyi ya mbụ na onyeisi ndị ọrụ IRA, Cathal Goulding, na-eweta na IRA. A họpụtara Mac Stíofáin [[IRA Director of Intelligence]] na 1966, ọ gara n'ihu na-ekwupụta mmegide ya megide usoro Goulding ma na-enweta nkwado n'etiti ndị otu. N'agbanyeghị na ọ kpọrọ ndị aka ekpe asị, ọ pụtara ìhè n'ọgba aghara na [[Midleton]] megide ndị nwe ala na-akwụ ụgwọ ụlọ, [[Kọmitii Ọrụ Ụlọ Dublin]] nakwa megide ndị mba ọzọ zụtara ala ugbo Ireland na [[County Meath]], ebe ọ kwagara na ezinụlọ ya na 1966. A na-ewere Mac Stíofáin, nwoke dị ogologo ma mara mma, dị ka onye na-anaghị aṅụ mmanya ma ọ bụ na-ese anwụrụ. Ọ bụ onye ji okpukpe kpọrọ ihe [[Chọọchị Katọlik|Katọlik]], otu akụkọ dị na ''[[United Irishman (akwụkwọ akụkọ 1948)|United Irishman]]'' were ya iwe, site n'aka [[Roy Johnston]], katọrọ ịkpọ [[Rosary]] n'oge ncheta ndị Republican dị ka "[[okpukpe|okpukpe]]". Maka ịjụ ikesa akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, a chụpụrụ ya na IRA ruo ọnwa isii.<ref name=memoirs/> ==Na-edu IRA == Mgbe otu ndị agha pụrụ iche nke IRA mere ntuli aka iwepụ ụkpụrụ nke [[ịjụ ime ihe]] na Disemba 1969, otu troika nke gụnyere Mac Stiofáin, [[Dáithí Ó Conaill]] na [[Seamus Twomey]] ha na ndị ọzọ guzobe onwe ha dị ka "Ndị agha nwa oge" na-atụ anya maka esemokwu 1970 Sinn Féin [[Ardfheis | Ard Fheis]]. N'oge a, ndị isi Sinn Féin [[Marxism|Marxist]] enweghị ike iru ihe abụọ n'ime atọ dị mkpa iji gbanwee mmegide iwu nke pati ahụ megide nzụkọ "[[partitionism|partitionist]]". Nke a bụ n'agbanyeghị na e tisasịrị alaka na kọmitii distrikti ndị na-akwado ịgba alụkwaghịm, dịka mkpochapụ nke North Kerry dum na 1966 [[Sinn Féin#Organizational structure|Comhairle Ceantair]], ịnabata alaka iri na atọ "cumainn" (alaka) na ndị otu 250, gụnyere ndị kansụl obodo atọ, ma chụpụ ndị isi dịka May Daly (nwanne Charlie Daly, onye e gburu na Drumboe, Donegal, na 1923, [[John Joe Rice]], Sinn Féin TD site na 1957 ruo 1961 na [[John Joe Sheehy]], onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Kerry nke nwerela ọkaibe na Republican. E chụpụkwara ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ n'otu aka ahụ n'òtù ahụ. Isi okwu bụ mkpebi siri ike nke Kerry n'ịjụ ịnabata [[Parliament nke United Kingdom|Westminster]], [[Oireachtas|Ụlọ Leinster]] na [[Ụlọ omeiwu nke Northern Ireland|Stormont]]. E mechara họpụta Mac Stiofáin onyeisi ndị ọrụ nke Kansụl Ndị Agha Oge. Na Sinn Féin Ard Fheis dị na Dublin na 10 Jenụwarị 1970, Mac Stíofáin kwupụtara site na podium ahụ na ya kwere nkwa na ya "nkwenye na Council Provisional Army Council" tupu ọ duo ndị otu ahụ na-ewe iwe ka ha mepụta ihe ga-aghọ [[Nnukwu Sinn Féin]]. Nkewa ahụ mekwara ka ọbụbụenyi Mac Stíofáin na Cathal Goulding kwụsị, onye gara n'ihu jee ozi dị ka onyeisi ndị ọrụ nke onye mmegide ya [[Official Irish Republican Army|Official IRA]]. Ọ bụ ezie na ha abụọ bụ ezigbo enyi tupu nkewa ahụ, Goulding mechara kpasuo "onye Bekee Irish ahụ". "Kansụl Ndị Agha Oge" n'ọnwa ndị na-abịa so n'òtù mba IRA, ma e wezụga maka ihe ole na ole dị iche iche (nke IRA Company of the Lower [[Falls Road, Belfast]], n'okpuru iwu nke [[Billy McMillen]], na obere ngalaba ndị ọzọ dị na Derry, Newry, Dublin na Wicklow). N'oge na-adịghị anya, a bịara mara ndị ikom Mac Stiofáin dị ka [[[Provisional Irish Republican Army|Provisional IRA]]. A kpọrọ ya "Mac the Knife", Mac Stíofáin bụ onye raara onwe ya nye [[ike anụ ahụ Irish republicanism|"ike anụ ahụ" republican]] onye kwenyere na ime ihe ike bụ naanị ụzọ isi kwụsị ọnọdụ [[Northern Ireland]] dịka akụkụ nke [[United Kingdom]]. N'akụkọ ndụ ya, o depụtara ebumnuche nke IRA Oge Nhazi dị ka ịkwaga site na "nchekwa mpaghara" gaa na "nchekwa na mmegwara jikọtara ọnụ" wee bụrụ "nke atọ nke ịmalite mwakpo zuru oke megide usoro ndị Britain weghaara". O nyekwara nkọwa zuru ezu gbasara etu o si mepụta atụmatụ nke "onye na-agba egbe otu ugboro".<ref name=memoirs/> A na-ekwu na o sonyere na mwakpo na-enweghị isi na [[Crossmaglen]] [[Royal Ulster Constabulary|RUC]] na Ọgọst 1969. A chịkọtara atụmatụ agha ya n'okwu nke ya site na "ịbawanye, gbasaa, gbasaa", na 1972, n'afọ kachasị ọbara n'agha ahụ, ndị IRA gburu ihe dị ka mmadụ 100 [[ndị agha Britain|ndị agha Britain]] ma mmadụ 90 nwụrụ n'ime ha. Na ụbọchị asaa nke ọnwa Julaị afọ 1972, Mac Stíofáin duuru ndị otu IRA gaa nzukọ nzuzo ya na ndị otu gọọmentị Britain, onye Odeakwụkwọ nke Steeti maka Northern Ireland [[William Whitelaw, 1st Viscount Whitelaw|William Whitelaw]] duziri, na [[Cheyne Walk]] na London. Ndị ọzọ so na ndị nnọchi anya ahụ bụ [[Dáithí Ó Conaill]], [[Martin McGuinness]], [[Gerry Adams]], Seamus Twomey na [[Ivor Bell]]. N'ịdu ndị nnọchiteanya ahụ, Mac Stíofáin kọwara ihe atọ dị mkpa nke ndị Provisional chọrọ: (1) Ndị Ireland ga-ekpebi ọdịnihu Ireland dịka otu; (2) nkwupụta nke ebumnuche nke gọọmentị Britain ịpụ na Northern Ireland ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 1975; na (3) ntọhapụ nke ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị niile na-enweghị ihe mgbochi.<ref>Tim Pat Coogan, ''The IRA'' (New York:Palgrave, 2002), 392-395.</ref> Ndị Britain kwuru na nke a agaghị ekwe omume n'ihi nkwa o kwere [[Unionism na Ireland|ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]]. Mkparịta ụka ahụ kwụsịrị n'enweghị isi, dịka mkparịta ụka nye praịm minista [[Edward Heath]] mechara kwuo, Whitelaw "ahụmahụ nke izute na ikwurịta okwu na Maazị Mac Stíofáin adịghị mma nke ukwuu". Mac Stíofáin kwuru na Whitelaw tinyere ihe nkiri ya na mbụ, mana mgbe nkeji ole na ole gachara, hapụ ya ka ọ daa wee gosi na ya bụ onye ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maara ihe; o kwukwara na Whitelaw so n'ime mmadụ ole na ole Bekee kpọrọ aha ya nke ọma.<ref name=memoirs/> Mgbe mkparịta ụka ndị ahụ na-agaghị nke ọma gasịrị, Mac Stíofáin nyere iwu ka e mee ka mkpọsa IRA sikwuo ike nke ruru n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Julaị afọ 1972, ma ọ bụ [[Ọbara Fraịde (1972)|Ọbara Fraịde]], mgbe ndị IRA gbawara bọmbụ ụgbọala iri abụọ na abụọ n'ime ihe na-erughị awa abụọ na Belfast, gbuo mmadụ itoolu ma merụọ mmadụ 130 ahụ. N'akwụkwọ ncheta ya, Mac Stíofáin kọwara ọrụ ahụ dị ka "mwakpo mmebi iwu" nke e zubere iji gosi na IRA nwere ike ịkụnye ọtụtụ bọmbụ n'otu oge. N'ọgbakọ Heath na Irish Taoiseach [[Jack Lynch]] mere na Munich na Septemba 4, 1972, onye nke mbụ jụrụ onye nke abụọ ma a ga-ejide Mac Stíofáin. Na nzaghachi, Lynch kwuru na ya enweghị ike ime ya n'ihi na ihe akaebe megide ya adịghị ike ma ọ nwee nnukwu nkwado ọha na eze. Na 19 Nọvemba 1972, a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ na Mac Stíofáin n'usoro redio [[RTÉ]] ''[[Izu a (usoro redio RTÉ)|Izu a]]''. E jidere ya na Dublin n'otu ụbọchị ahụ, e mesịkwara jiri ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ mee ihe dị ka ihe akaebe megide ya n'ikpe ikpe nke ịbụ onye otu IRA, na n'abalị iri abụọ na ise nke ọnwa Nọvemba, [[Ụlọikpe Mpụ Pụrụ Iche]] dị na Dublin mara ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ọnwa isii. Nsogbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke sitere na ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ dị oke njọ, ụbọchị ole na ole ka nke ahụ gasịrị, minista [[Fianna Fáil]] [[Gerry Collins (onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị)|Gerry Collins]] chụpụrụ ndị ọchịchị RTÉ dum. N'ịbụ onye a tụrụ mkpọrọ n'ime [[Ụlọ Mkpọrọ Curragh|Ụlọ Mkpọrọ Curragh]], Mac Stíofáin malitere [[agụụ | agụụ]] ozugbo wee malite ịkpọ nkụ mmiri. E bugara ya na Dublin [[Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum Mater Misericordiae|Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mater]], ebe otu ngalaba IRA, gụnyere mmadụ abụọ yi uwe ndị ụkọchukwu, ha gbalịrị ịtọhapụ ya na 26 Nọvemba 1972 mana ha enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, e zigara ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ ndị agha nke Curragh, na County Kildare. O kwụsịrị ịkpọ nkụ ya na 28 Nọvemba.<ref>[http://www.cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/dublin/barron191104.pdf Interim Report on the Report of the Independent Commission of Inquiry into the Dublin Bombings of 1972 and 1973] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060604060248/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/dublin/barron191104.pdf |date=4 June 2006 }}, 2004</ref> Ọgụ agụụ ya butere ọgba aghara na Dublin na ngagharị iwe n'èzí ụlọ ọgwụ Mater, ebe a na-eleta ya site n'aka achịbishọp Katọlik nke Dublin n'oge ahụ, [[Dermot Ryan]], na onye bu ya ụzọ, [[John Charles McQuaid]]. Mgbe ụbọchị iri ise na asaa gachara,<ref>There is a discrepancy in the sources concerning the duration of his hunger strike. In an [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ira/inside/mac.html interview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202075700/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ira/inside/mac.html |date=2 February 2017 }}, Mac Stíofáin claimed it lasted fifty-three days.</ref> o kwụsịrị ọrụ ngagharị iwe ya mgbe [[Ndị otu agha IRA]] gwara ya ka o mee nke a.<ref>{{cite book |last=Coogan |first=Tim |date=2002 |title=The IRA |location=New York |publisher=St. Martins Press |page=415 |isbn=0-312-29416-6}}</ref> Ụfọdụ na akawo na ndị otu kansụl [[Ruairí Ó Brádaigh]] na [[Dáithí Ó Conaill]] nyere iwu ka ọ kwụsị ọrụ ahụ. Agbanyeghị, Ó Brádaigh, n'oge a, ejidekwara ya. N'ezie, mgbe e zigara ya na Glasshouse nke Curragh, Ó Brádaigh nabatara ya.<ref>Robert W. White, ''Ruairí Ó Brádaigh, The Life and Politics of an Irish Revolutionary'' (Indiana University Press, 2006).</ref><ref>Ruth Dudley Edwards, [https://web.archive.org/web/20060224221307/http://www.ruthdudleyedwards.co.uk/Irnews1.htm "A funeral can't kill off Adams's hypocrisy"], ''Sunday Independent'', 27 May 2001. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060224221307/http://www.ruthdudleyedwards.co.uk/Irnews1.htm |date=24 February 2006 }}</ref><ref>See [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929142236/http://homepage.eircom.net/~eirenua/2001/jun01/saoirse3.htm "Outstanding IRA leader and giant of a man in the Republican Movement"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929142236/http://homepage.eircom.net/~eirenua/2001/jun01/saoirse3.htm |date=29 September 2007 }}, ''[[Saoirse Irish Freedom|Saoirse]]'', June 2001.</ref> N'ịgbaso usoro iwu kwadoro, Mac Stíofáin tụfuru ọkwa ya mgbe ejidere ya, o nwekwaghịkwa ike ọzọ n'ime IRA mgbe a tọhapụsịrị ya n'April 1973. ==Ndụ mgbe e mesịrị== Mgbe a chụpụrụ ya n'akụkụ, Mac Stíofáin malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye njikwa nkesa na onye na-ede akụkọ nwa oge na akwụkwọ akụkọ Sinn Féin, ''[[An Phoblacht]]'', na ngwụcha afọ 1970. Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na pati ahụ na 1982 mgbe ha nwesịrị nghọtahie gbasara atụmatụ na Ard Fheis, mgbe ọtụtụ mmadụ megidere iwu [[Éire Nua]], nke tụrụ anya na a ga-ehiwe ọchịchị mpaghara n'ime nke ọ bụla n'ime [[Mpaghara Ireland]] ọdịnala anọ ahụ. N'ọgwụgwụ afọ 1970, o zutere ndị nnọchiteanya sitere na Kansụl Ndị Agha nke [[Ndị Agha Nnwere Onwe nke Ireland]] ndị nwere mmasị ka ọ bụrụ Onyeisi Ndị Ọrụ nke mmegharị ahụ, mana ọ dịghị ihe si na nzukọ ndị ahụ pụta.<ref>Jack Holland & Henry McDonald – INLA: Deadly Divisions p.148</ref> Na Maachị 1983, Mac Stíofáin rịọrọ ndị IRA ka ha kwupụta nkwụsị agha. N'afọ 1980 rụọ 1990, Mac Stíofáin malitere ọrụ na nzukọ asụsụ Irish [[Conradh na Gaeilge]]. N'emume ncheta otu ahụ nke otu ahụ mere na [[O'Connell Street]] na Dublin n'afọ 1993, ọ bụ onye ọbịa n'elu ikpo okwu ahụ. Ọ nọgidere bụrụ onye otu kọmitii na-eguzo ọtọ (''Azụmaahịa'') nke Conradh na Gaeilge ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. O bi na [[Meath Gaeltacht]]. Ndị bịara n'ụlọ ya na-anabata ndị bịara n'ụlọ ya n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá site n'ihe ndina e dere ''Labhair Gaeilge Anseo'' ("Kwuo okwu Irish ebe a"). ==Ọnwụ== Na 1993, Mac Stíofáin nwere ọrịa strok. Na 18 Mee 2001, ọ nwụrụ na [[Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nwanyị Anyị, Navan|Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nwanyị Anyị]] na [[Navan]], [[County Meath]], mgbe ọ rịara ọrịa ogologo oge mgbe ọ dị afọ 73. E liri ya n'ili St Mary, Navan. N'agbanyeghị ọrụ ya na IRA, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị enyi ya mbụ (na ndị iro ya) kwanyeere ya ùgwù mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. [[Ruairí Ó Brádaigh]], onye gara olili ozu ahụ, nyere otuto dị egwu, na-ezo aka na Mac Stíofáin dị ka "onye ndu IRA pụrụ iche n'oge dị mkpa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ireland" nakwa dịka "onye maka ọrụ ahụ" dịka onye isi ọrụ IRA mbụ, [[Gerry Adams]] na [[Martin McGuinness]] sokwa bịa. N'okwu ya, Ita Ní Chionnaigh nke Conradh na Gaeilge, onye ọkọlọtọ ya kpuchiri igbe ozu, "mgbugbu agwa" nke Mac Stíofáin site na "gutter press" ma too ya dịka nwoke "nwere mmasị n'ikike nke ndị ikom na ndị inyom na ndị mmadụ n'ụwa niile a na-emegbu, gụnyere ndị na-asụ asụsụ Irish na Ireland, ndị a na-emegbukwa". ==Ndetu na edensibia== {{Reflist}} ==Ihe odide== Mac Stíofáin, Seán, ''Memoirs of a Revolutionary'', London (Gordon Cremonesi), 1975. Also published as ''Revolutionary in Ireland'' {{ISBN|0-86033-031-1}} ==Isi mmalite== * Hunter, John (20 May 2001). [https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/may/20/northernireland.theobserver "Death of the Englishman who led the Provisionals"], ''The Observer''. Retrieved 6 August 2021. * "Sean MacStiofain dead, founded Provisional IRA", ''Irish Echo Online'', 23–29 May 2001 [http://www.irishecho.com/search/searchstory.cfm?id=9232&issueid=196] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928081106/http://www.irishecho.com/search/searchstory.cfm?id=9232&issueid=196 |date=28 September 2007 }} * "Adams and IRA's secret Whitehall talks", ''BBC News'', 1 January 2003, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/2601875.stm] * RTÉ ''This Week'' ajụjụ ọnụ redio: [http://wwa.rte.ie/news/2001/0518/newsatone/news1pm6A.ram]{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * "[http://homepage.tinet.ie/~eirenua/2001/jun01/saoirse3.htm Outstanding IRA leader and giant of a man in the Republican Movement]", Saoirse, June 2001. * Ó Brádaigh, Ruairí. "[http://homepage.tinet.ie/~eirenua/2001/jun01/saoirse3.htm Seán Mac Stíofáin – a tribute]", ''Saoirse'', June 2001. * Ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Mac Stíofáin (o yikarịrị ka e si na usoro Provos nke Peter Taylor nweta ya). Nwere nkọwa gbasara okwu Cheyne Walk. [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ira/inside/mac.html here]. * Hanley, Brian, na Millar, Scott (2009). ''The Lost Revolution: The Story of the Official IRA and the Workers' Party''. Dublin: Penguin Ireland. {{DEFAULTSORT:Mac Stiofain, Sean}} [[Category: Ndị nwụrụ anwụ]] 4w924vr1n80viphrfss1bwvqzhr3o8p 1728 73893 628565 621190 2026-04-01T17:57:52Z Timzy D'Great 12485 /* To do List */ 628565 wikitext text/x-wiki {| cellpadding="4" cellspacing="10" style="margin:auto;" |[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] |} [[File:WLP2026 in the Igbo Community flier.png|thumb|Wikisource Loves Proofreading Campaign in the Igbo Community event flier]] =='''Wikisource Loves Proofreading in the Igbo Community'''== Wikisource Loves Proofreading Campaign in the Igbo Community is a project which is aimed at giving visibility and improving the quality and accessibility of Igbo-related public-domain texts on Igbo Wikisource. This campaign will mobilize and train volunteers on how to find works on the public domain, proofread, validate, and transclude digitized texts, while building skills in digital literacy, collaboration, and open knowledge contribution. The campaign will combine outreach, training, and competitions to increase participation and measurable content improvements on the Igbo Wikisource. == Project timeline == *Project Launch/Physical event - ''' Saturday, 28th March 2026 **Time - ''' 11:00AM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774692000 Check your local time zone]) *Contest start date - ''' Saturday, 28th March 2028 **Time - ''' 11:00AM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774692000 Check your local time zone]) *Contest end date - ''' Saturday, 18th, April 2026 **Time - ''' 12:00AM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776466800 Check your local time zone]) ==Project launch details== The launch of this campaign will take a hybrid form. *Venue for in-person event: Nigerian Book Foundation Building behind Kenneth Dike Central Library, Awka, Anambra State *Virtual meeting link: https://us06web.zoom.us/j/87224917910?pwd=J0daM9eUuIf1N3qTl8NYGlRdMnqLk7.1 == Facilitators == # [[User:Timzy D'Great|Timzy D'Great]] - Project Lead/Trainer # [[User:Lebron jay|Lebron jay]] - Co-Lead == Expectations == At the end of this project, the following should be achieved: # Recruit new members into the Igbo Wikimedians User Group {{doing}} # Proofread at least 300 pages in the Igbo Wikisource {{doing}} ==To do List== The list below contains index pages that needs to be proofread: # [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Igbo_Book_of_Enoch.djvu Index:Igbo Book of Enoch.djvu] # [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:English,_Igbo_and_French_Dictionary_by_The_Fathers_of_the_Holy_Ghost.djvu Index:English, Igbo and French Dictionary by The Fathers of the Holy Ghost.djvu] # [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:The_Story_of_Ahikar,_the_Grand_Vizier_of_Assyria_-_Igbo.djvu Index:The Story of Ahikar, the Grand Vizier of Assyria - Igbo.djvu] # [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Nkwuputa_uwa_nile_banyere_ikike_mmadu_nwegasiri.djvu Index:Nkwuputa uwa nile banyere ikike mmadu nwegasiri.djvu] ==Contest Prizes== 1st Prize - ₦25,000 2nd Prize - ₦20,000 3rd Prize - ₦15,000 All prizes will be disbursed as shopping vouchers == Outcome == TBD ==Contest Results== TBD == Gallery == TBD [[Òtù:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] eqipwu2s8dxccdt1dm077s75rw1bsaa 628566 628565 2026-04-01T17:59:21Z Timzy D'Great 12485 /* Contest Prizes */ 628566 wikitext text/x-wiki {| cellpadding="4" cellspacing="10" style="margin:auto;" |[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] |} [[File:WLP2026 in the Igbo Community flier.png|thumb|Wikisource Loves Proofreading Campaign in the Igbo Community event flier]] =='''Wikisource Loves Proofreading in the Igbo Community'''== Wikisource Loves Proofreading Campaign in the Igbo Community is a project which is aimed at giving visibility and improving the quality and accessibility of Igbo-related public-domain texts on Igbo Wikisource. This campaign will mobilize and train volunteers on how to find works on the public domain, proofread, validate, and transclude digitized texts, while building skills in digital literacy, collaboration, and open knowledge contribution. The campaign will combine outreach, training, and competitions to increase participation and measurable content improvements on the Igbo Wikisource. == Project timeline == *Project Launch/Physical event - ''' Saturday, 28th March 2026 **Time - ''' 11:00AM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774692000 Check your local time zone]) *Contest start date - ''' Saturday, 28th March 2028 **Time - ''' 11:00AM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774692000 Check your local time zone]) *Contest end date - ''' Saturday, 18th, April 2026 **Time - ''' 12:00AM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776466800 Check your local time zone]) ==Project launch details== The launch of this campaign will take a hybrid form. *Venue for in-person event: Nigerian Book Foundation Building behind Kenneth Dike Central Library, Awka, Anambra State *Virtual meeting link: https://us06web.zoom.us/j/87224917910?pwd=J0daM9eUuIf1N3qTl8NYGlRdMnqLk7.1 == Facilitators == # [[User:Timzy D'Great|Timzy D'Great]] - Project Lead/Trainer # [[User:Lebron jay|Lebron jay]] - Co-Lead == Expectations == At the end of this project, the following should be achieved: # Recruit new members into the Igbo Wikimedians User Group {{doing}} # Proofread at least 300 pages in the Igbo Wikisource {{doing}} ==To do List== The list below contains index pages that needs to be proofread: # [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Igbo_Book_of_Enoch.djvu Index:Igbo Book of Enoch.djvu] # [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:English,_Igbo_and_French_Dictionary_by_The_Fathers_of_the_Holy_Ghost.djvu Index:English, Igbo and French Dictionary by The Fathers of the Holy Ghost.djvu] # [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:The_Story_of_Ahikar,_the_Grand_Vizier_of_Assyria_-_Igbo.djvu Index:The Story of Ahikar, the Grand Vizier of Assyria - Igbo.djvu] # [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Nkwuputa_uwa_nile_banyere_ikike_mmadu_nwegasiri.djvu Index:Nkwuputa uwa nile banyere ikike mmadu nwegasiri.djvu] ==Contest Prizes== 1st Prize - ₦25,000<br> 2nd Prize - ₦20,000<br> 3rd Prize - ₦15,000 All prizes will be disbursed as shopping vouchers == Outcome == TBD ==Contest Results== TBD == Gallery == TBD [[Òtù:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] jve9kzpwe75si9ywbn4azyio927hsr1 0 73903 628597 598499 2026-04-01T21:19:12Z Mirah50 16972 Fixed reference errors 628597 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Petr Ginz''' (1 Febụwarị 1928 - 28 Septemba 1944) bụ nwa nwoke Czechoslovak nke onye Juu na-akpachaghị anya bụ onye a chụpụrụ na Theresienstadt Ghetto (nke a maara dị ka Terezín, na Czech) n'oge Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ. E gburu ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii mgbe a kpọgara ya n'ogige ịta ahụhụ Auschwitz wee gbuo ya mgbe ọ bịarutere. E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ya mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. == Ndụ == [[Faịlụ:Earth_seen_from_the_Moon.jpg|thumb|Ụwa a hụrụ site n'ọnwa]] Ginz bụ nwa Otto Ginz, onye njikwa ngalaba mbupụ nke ụlọ ọrụ akwa Prague na onye Esperantist a ma ama, na Marie Ginz (née Dolanská). <ref name="story">{{Cite web|url=http://www.holocaust.cz/cz2/history/people/ginz|title=Petr Ginz's story|publisher=Holocaust.cz|accessdate=April 14, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224055938/http://www.holocaust.cz/cz2/history/people/ginz|archivedate=February 24, 2012}}</ref> Nna Ginz bụ onye Juu, ebe nne ya abụghị onye Juu. Nne na nna ya zutere na nnọkọ Esperantist. Nne ya si Hradec Králové, ebe nna ya bụ onye nkuzi obodo. Ginz na-enweta nleta ugboro ugboro site n'aka ndị ikwu ya, ọkachasị n'oge ezumike Krismas. Ginz bụ nwata nwoke nwere ọgụgụ isi. N'agbata afọ 8 na 14 o dere akwụkwọ akụkọ anọ: From Prague to China, The Wizard from Altay Mountains, Around the World in One Second na A Visit from Prehistory - naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ dị ndụ. Edere akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ahụ, gụnyere ''Návštěva z pravěku'' (English: Visit from Prehistory), n'ụdị Jules Verne ma jiri ihe osise nke ya gosipụta ya.<ref name="reflex">{{Cite web|url=http://www.reflex.cz/Clanek12766.html|title=Reflex about Ginz|publisher=Reflex.cz|accessdate=April 14, 2011|language=cs|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030012221/http://www.reflex.cz/Clanek12766.html|archivedate=October 30, 2008}}</ref> O nwere mmasị na sayensị ma na-achọsi ihe ọmụma ike. N'ihi mmasị nne na nna ya na Esperanto, asụsụ ahụ bụ otu n'ime asụsụ ala nna Petr (nke ọzọ bụ Czech). Dị ka iwu ndị na-emegide ndị Juu nke Ọchịchị Ọchịchị nke Atọ si kwuo, a ga-ebuga ụmụaka sitere n’alụmdi na nwunye gbakọrọ ọnụ n’ogige ịta ahụhụ mgbe ha dị afọ 14. E bugara Ginz na-eto eto n’ogige ịta ahụhụ Theresienstadt n’October 1942.Mgbalị ya na sayensị na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ maka ihe ọmụma nọgidere na-anwa ịmụ akwụkwọ ọbụna n'ogige ịta ahụhụ. Ọ na-agụkarị n'ọ́bá akwụkwọ nke jupụtara n'akwụkwọ ndị e weghaara bụ́ ndị o nwere ike ịbanye. E debere ya na Domov č.1 (Home No. 1, ụlọ L417).Ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị kacha pụta ìhè n'obodo.[1] O guzobere ma kwadoo maka ibipụta magazin oge ụfọdụ Vedem, nke pụtara "Anyị Na-edu".O dekwara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Esperanto-Czech yana ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ dị mkpụmkpụ nke furu efu kemgbe. A na-akpọ otu mpempe akwụkwọ dị otú ahụ "Rambles site Theresienstadt" nke ọ na-agba ndị mmadụ ajụjụ ọnụ ma kwuo banyere ndị mmadụ, ụlọ, na ọbụna crematorium<ref name="story" /> .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zpravy.tiscali.cz/petr-ginz-a-jeho-mesicni-krajina-zidovsky-chlapec-jehoz-kresbu-vynesli-do-vesmiru-291584|title=Petr Ginz a jeho Měsíční krajina: Židovský chlapec, jehož kresbu vynesli do vesmíru|date=14 January 2017|first=Helena|author=Kalendová|language=Czech|accessdate=14 November 2018}}</ref> A na-egosi obosara nke mmasị ya, ikike, na àgwà ya site n'ihe odide ya fọdụrụnụ na akaebe nke ndị enyi ya lanarịrị. O nwere mmasị na akwụkwọ, akụkọ ihe mere eme, ihe osise, ọdịdị ala, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na ngalaba teknụzụ. A na-ebipụta magazin ''Vedem'' na Fraịdee ọ bụla ruo afọ abụọ.<ref name="reflex" /> E kenyere Petr n'otu n'ime ụgbọ njem ikpeazụ sitere na Terzin gaa ogige ịta ahụhụ Auschwitz. Egburu ya na ụlọ gas na 1944. E bipụtala akwụkwọ akụkọ ya n'asụsụ Bekee n'aha: The Diary of Petr Ginz 1941–1942. == ''Vedem'' == E guzobere magazin ahụ obere oge ka ọ bịarutere Terezín na 1942. E wezụga Gi''nz'', ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke ndị ọzọ si ''Domov č.1.'' nyekwara aka. Petr Ginz ghọrọ onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ ma nye aka n'okpuru aha koodu nz ma ọ bụ ''Akademie'' (Academy). Otu n'ime ndị ya na ha na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ bụ Hanuš Hachenburg onye dere ọtụtụ uri. Ginz nyere nwanne ya nwanyị ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ya na ihe osise ya tupu ebufee ya, yabụ ọtụtụ n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ka dị ruo taa.<ref name="story" /> A chụpụkwara nwanne ya nwanyị na Terezín na 1944, mana ọ lanarịrị.<ref name="story" /> == Akwụkwọ akụkọ == [[Faịlụ:Novobilský_-_Taglibro_de_mia_frato_(Esperanto_Brno_2013).JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Věra na Vlastimil Novobilský na-agụ n'olu dara ụda site na nsụgharị Esperanto ha nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Petr Ginz maka ndị otu Esperanto na Brno (2013) ]] Tupu njem ya, Ginz dere akwụkwọ akụkọ n'etiti afọ 1941 na 1942 banyere ndụ ya. Akwụkwọ akụkọ a, nke e dere n'ụzọ doro anya, ejirila ya tụnyere nke Anne Frank. Akwụkwọ akụkọ a furu efu mana a chọtara ma bipụta ya site n'aka nwanne ya nwanyị Eva (emesịa Chava Pressburger) dị ka Diary of My Brother. E bipụtara ya n'asụsụ Spanish, Catalan, na Esperanto, yana Czech mbụ, na n'asụsụ Bekee n'Eprel 2007 dị ka The Diary of Petr Ginz 1941–1942. Ntụleghachi pụtara na mbipụta nke New York Times nke ụbọchị Tuzdee 10 Eprel 2007. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Parker|first=Ashley|title=A Youthful Chronicle of Wartime in Prague|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/10/books/10ginz.html|work=The New York Times|date=10 April 2007}}</ref> == Ihe osise == Onye [[Israel]] na-eme njem n'ime mbara igwe Ilan Ramon, onye nne ya na nne nne ya lanarịrị Auschwitz, S. Isaac Mekel, onye nduzi mmepe na American Society for Yad Vashem, ka o were ihe si Yad Vashem banye na American Space Shuttle Columbia.<ref name="reflex" /> Ramon ji ya see ihe osise Ginz nke [[Àlà|Ụwa]] dị ka a hụrụ ya n'[[Ọnwa]]. Ụgbọelu ahụ, mgbe ọ na-abanyeghachi na ikuku nke ụwa, gbawara na 1 Febụwarị 2003, na-ebibi ihe osise Ginz na ihe gaara abụ afọ 75 ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2003/TECH/space/02/01/shuttle.columbia/|title=Columbia tragedy|accessdate=2008-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611075903/http://edition.cnn.com/2003/TECH/space/02/01/shuttle.columbia/|archivedate=June 11, 2008}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, afọ iri na ise mgbe ọdachi Space Shuttle Columbia gasịrị, Yad Vashem nyere nwunye di ya, Rona, akwụkwọ ọzọ iji nye Onye na-eme njem n'ime mbara igwe Andrew Feustel. Feustel buuru ya gaa na mbara igwe n'oge Njem 56 iji cheta Ginz na Ramon. Ozi vidiyo Feustel na-echeta Ụbọchị Ncheta Holocaust (Yom HaShoah) 2018/5778 gosipụtara onye na-eme njem n'ime mbara igwe na-egosi ihe Ginz gosipụtara n'echiche nke ụwa site n'ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.israelhayom.co.il/article/532123|title=Fulfilling the dream of Ilan Ramon (in Hebrew)|date=31 January 2018|publisher=Israel Hayom}}</ref><ref name="NASA_feustel">{{Cite web|author=Garcia|first=Mark|title=Astronaut Drew Feustel Honors Holocaust Remembrance Day with a Replica of Drawing First Flown in Space by the Late Ilan Ramon|date=12 April 2018|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/astronaut-drew-feustel-honors-holocaust-remembrance-day-with-a-replica-of-drawing-first|work=NASA|accessdate=12 April 2018|archivedate=June 2, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602184825/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/astronaut-drew-feustel-honors-holocaust-remembrance-day-with-a-replica-of-drawing-first/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/2018/04/12/news-opinion/united-states/us-astronaut-records-holocaust-remembrance-message-space|title=US astronaut records Holocaust remembrance message in space|date=April 12, 2018}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 1, 2020, Feustel nyere otu n'ime mbipụta nke "Moon Landscape" wetara na mbara igwe na Czech Center Museum Houston. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.czechcenter.org/blog/space/mission/moon-landscape|title=Landscape- Petr Ginz and an Astronauts Legacy|author=|date=February 11, 2020|work=Czech Center Museum Houston, Houston}}</ref> == Ihe Nketa == [[Faịlụ:StolpersteinPRAHA_7.jpg|thumb|Stolperstein maka Petr Ginz n'ihu Stárkova 1745/4 na Prague]] * A gụrụ Asteroid 50413 Petrginz aha iji sọpụrụ ya. * N'afọ 2005, Czech Post wepụtara stampụ 31 KČ nke nwere ihe osise ọnwa na onyinyo iji cheta Petr Ginz. * A na-etinye Stolperstein site n'aka onye Germany na-ese ihe Gunter Demnig iji sọpụrụ ya na Prague. * Ọ bụ isiokwu nke egwuregwu The Diary of Petr Ginz <ref>{{Cite news|author=Vaughan|first=David|date=2010-12-09|title=Petr Ginz: a moving dramatization of a wartime diary|url=https://english.radio.cz/petr-ginz-a-moving-dramatization-a-wartime-diary-8570299|accessdate=2026-03-04|work=Radio Prague International}}</ref> nke emere na Prague Fringe Festival na 2008. * E chetaara ndụ ya na ihe nkiri 2012, The Last Flight of Petr Ginz, nke Sandra Dickson na Churchill Roberts duziri.<ref>{{IMDb title|title=The Last Flight of Petr Ginz}}</ref> * A na-echeta akụkọ ya n'abụ, "For Petr and Ilan", na album Does the Land Remember Me? (2018) nke Ben Fisher dere.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://benfisher.bandcamp.com/track/for-petr-and-ilan|title=For Petr and Ilan, by Ben Fisher}}</ref> * Otu egwu rock na-aga n'ihu nke Norway bụ Gazpacho gụnyere abụ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke Petr Ginz na abọm ha nke afọ 2014 bụ Demon . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprogressiveaspect.net/blog/2015/11/14/thomas-andersen-gazpacho/|title=Thomas Andersen – Gazpacho, by Leo Trimming}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị na-ede akụkọ banyere Oké Mgbukpọ * Ndepụta nke ndị na-ede akwụkwọ * Ndepụta nke akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara mgbe ha nwụsịrị == Edensibia == <references /> {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * The Diary of Petr Ginz ( bipụtara na Bekee na 2007)   * [https://www.science.co.il/Ilan-Ramon/Moon-landscape.php ''Ọdịdị Ọnwa''] (ihe osise) * [http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/nochildsplay/ghettos2.asp ''Petr Ginz - Theresienstadt''] na Yad Vashem Museum * The Last Flight of Petr Ginz (ihe nkiri 2011) * The Last Flight of Petr Ginz, UN Study Guide. * [http://collections.jewishmuseum.cz/index.php/Browse/modifyCriteria/facet/people_facet/id/88538/mod_id/0 Akwụkwọ banyere Petr Ginz] na nchịkọta nke Jewish Museum Prague E debere ya n'April 23, 2011, na Wayback Machine. 7a9zlkt1id5pklrqu93gkwk8nizbo3m 0 74492 628604 621193 2026-04-01T21:44:15Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Fixed reference errors 628604 wikitext text/x-wiki     The '''Combahee River Collective''' ('''CRC''') (/kəmˈbiː/ kəm-BEE) was a [[Black feminism|Black feminist]] lesbian socialist organization active in Boston, Massachusetts, from 1974 to 1980.<ref name="harris">{{Cite web|url=http://www.uga.edu/~womanist/harris3.1.htm|title=Duchess Harris. Interview with Barbara Smith.|accessdate=2008-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315192601/http://www.uga.edu/~womanist/harris3.1.htm|archivedate=2008-03-15}}</ref> The Collective argued that both the white [[Òtù ụmụ nwanyị|feminist movement]] and the Civil Rights Movement were not addressing their particular needs as Black women and more specifically as Black lesbians. Racism was present in the mainstream feminist movement, while Delaney and Manditch-Prottas argue that much of the Civil Rights Movement had a sexist and homophobic reputation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dorothy Height and the Sexism of the Civil Rights Movement|url=https://www.theroot.com/dorothy-height-and-the-sexism-of-the-civil-rights-movem-1790879502|author=Delaney|first=Paul|date=12 May 2010|work=The Root}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Manditch-Prottas|first=Zachary|date=2019|title=Meeting at the Watchtower: Eldridge Cleaver, James Baldwin's No Name in the Street, and Racializing Homophobic Vernacular|journal=African American Review|volume=52|issue=2|pages=179–195|doi=10.1353/afa.2019.0027|issn=1945-6182}}</ref> The Collective was a group that met to discuss the intersections of oppression based on race, gender, heteronormativity, and class and argued for the liberation of Black women on all fronts. A maara Collective nke ọma maka ịzụlite Combahee River Collective Statement, <ref>{{Cite book|title=Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology|publisher=Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press|year=1983|isbn=0-913175-02-1|editor=Smith|location=New York, NY|pages=272–282}}</ref> akwụkwọ dị mkpa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii nke oge a na mmepe nke echiche nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị njirimara dị ka ejiri ya mee ihe n'etiti ndị na-ahazi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na maka iwebata echiche nke usoro mmegbu, gụnyere ma ọ bụghị naanị na okike, agbụrụ, na mmekọahụ, echiche bụ isi nke intersectionality.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=How we get free : Black feminism and the Combahee River Collective|author=Taylor|first=Keeanga-Yamahtta|date=2017|isbn=978-1-60846-855-3|publisher=Haymarket Books|oclc=975027867}}</ref> Gerald Izenberg kwuru na nkwupụta Combahee nke afọ 1977 bụ nke mbụ e ji okwu ahụ bụ " ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị njirimara".<ref name="IzenbergIdentity">{{Cite book|author=Izenberg|first=Gerald|title=Identity; The Necessity of a Modern Idea|date=2016|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press}}</ref> Site n'ide nkwupụta ya, CRC jikọtara onwe ha na omenala ndị isi ojii na narị afọ nke 19 na ọgụ nke nnwere onwe ndị isi ojii n'afọ ndị 1960.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sheftall|first=Beverly|title=Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist|publisher=The New Press|year=1995|isbn=978-1-56584-256-4|location=New York|pages=1–22}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ahụ malitere na nkewa nke ụmụ nwanyị na-elekwasị anya na nwoke ma gosipụta mkpa usoro mmegbu dị. == National Black Feminist Organization == Onye edemede Barbara Smith na ndị nnọchiteanya ndị ọzọ gara nzukọ mpaghara mbụ (1973) nke National Black Feminist Organisation (NBFO) na New York City nyere ntọala maka mkpokọta Combahee River na mbọ ya iji guzobe NBFO Chapter na Boston.[1][2] Ndị na-ahụ maka nwanyị ojii, gụnyere Florynce Kennedy, Margaret Sloan-Hunter, na ndị ọzọ, tọrọ ntọala NBFO, na-azaghachi ọdịda nke otu ndị nwanyị na-acha ọcha na-emeghị ka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ chere ụmụ nwanyị ojii na United States ihu.[3] Nzukọ a chọrọ ịgba aka na mwepụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii na okwu nwanyị na ime ihe ike, bụ nke butere nchegbu na ahụmahụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ọcha. Ebumnuche ya bụ imepụta oghere ebe enwere ike ịnụ olu ụmụ nwanyị ojii, echiche na okwu. Otu ahụ malitere nzukọ ahụ, na-ekwenye na ha chọrọ echiche siri ike iji dozie nsogbu ahụ nke ọma. N'ime edemede 2001 ya "Site na Kennedy Commission to the Combahee Collective", ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na prọfesọ nke African American Studies Duchess Harris kwuru na, site na 1974, otu Boston "chọpụtara ọhụụ ha maka mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze karịa NBFO", ya mere otu ahụ họọrọ ịlụ ọgụ n'adabereghị dị ka Combahee River Collective. [1] Ndị otu CRC, ọkachasị Barbara Smith na Demita Frazier, chere na ọ dị oke mkpa na nzukọ a na-egbo mkpa ndị nwanyị nwanyị ojii, na mgbakwunye na ịhazi maka ndị nwanyị ojii.[1]{{Lesbian feminism}}Smith tụpụtara aha mkpokọta ahụ, onye nwere akwụkwọ a na-akpọ Harriet Tubman, Onye na-eduzi ụgbọ okporo ígwè Underground site n'aka Earl Conrad.[1] Ọ "chọrọ ịkpọ aha mkpokọta ahụ mgbe ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme nke bara uru nye ụmụ nwanyị Africa America."[1] Smith kwuru, sị: "Ọ bụ ụzọ e si ekwu banyere onwe anyị na-aga n'ihu na mgba Black, nke mgba ụmụ nwanyị ojii." Ihe omume ahụ tọhapụrụ ihe karịrị ndị ohu 750, ọ bụkwa naanị mkpọsa agha na akụkọ ntolite America nke nwanyị zubere ma duzie ya.[2] == Nkwupụta Nchịkọta Osimiri Combahee == === Ọganihu === Ọ bụ "otu ìgwè ndị Black femists... tinyere aka n'ịkọwa na ịkọwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị anyị, ka... na-arụ ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ime otu anyị na njikọ aka na òtù na òtù ndị ọzọ na-aga n'ihu... Otu ahụ na-akọwa mmetụta nke ịmepụta ihe na-adịtụbeghị mbụ. Demita Frazier kọwara mmalite nke CRC dị ka "ọ bụghị achịcha achicha", nke pụtara na ụmụ nwanyị ndị metụtara ga-emepụta ihe na ebumnuche nke otu "site na ọkọ". [1] N'edemede ya nke 1995 "Ime ya site na Scratch: Ihe ịma aka nke Black Lesbian Organizing", nke na-ewepụta aha ya site na nkwupụta Frazier, Barbara Smith kọwara ọrụ mbụ nke otu ahụ dị ka "ịkwalite na ịrụ ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ọtụtụ okwu", na ịmepụta "njikọ nke ụgbọ mmiri, obodo na omenala ojii" nke na-adịghị. [1] CRC chọrọ idozi ọdịda nke òtù ndị dị ka NBFO ma wuo nkwupụta mkpokọta iji mee ka nyocha nke mmegbu nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii, na-abịa na nkwubi okwu maka ọha mmadụ na-eme mgbanwe iji gboo mkpa maka ndị a na-emegbu nke ukwuu; na site n'ime nke a ọ ga-atọhapụ onye ọ bụla.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=How we get free : Black feminism and the Combahee River Collective|author=Taylor|first=Keeanga-Yamahtta|date=2017|isbn=978-1-60846-855-3|publisher=Haymarket Books|oclc=975027867}}</ref> Nke a abụghị mmega ahụ agụmakwụkwọ, kama CRC chọrọ ịmepụta usoro maka ụmụ nwanyị ojii itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ihe na-akpali nkwekọrịta a bụ ọdịda nke òtù ndị dị ka NBFO iji dozie mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị ojii na-eche ihu n'okwu ndị dị ka ịwa ahụ, mwakpo mmekọahụ, ikike ọrụ, na ikike ọrụ. Nkewapụ a yana nchịkwa nke ndị Black liberation movement, mere ka ndị otu CRC chepụta ọzọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke na-etinye aka na nsogbu ndị a.<ref name=":0" /> === Nchịkọta === N'etiti afọ ndị 1970 ndị otu Combahee River Collective na-ezukọ kwa izu na Women's Center na Cambridge, Massachusetts. Ndị otu ahụ mere nlaghachi azụ na mpaghara ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ n'etiti 1977 na 1979 iji kparịta okwu metụtara ndị nwanyị ojii. Onye edemede Alexis De Veaux, onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ nke onye na-ede uri Audre Lorde, kọwara nzube nke nlọghachi azụ dị ka "iji mee ka ụmụ nwanyị ojii nwee ike" na ịmepụta "nkewa nke echiche sitere na ụmụ nwanyị ọcha," yana ịkọwa" ihe mgbochi ndị ụmụ nwanyị ọcha 'na-elekwasị anya na mkpa nwoke na nwanyị dị ka mmegbu.'" Emere "Nlaghachi azụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii" nke mbụ na July 1977 na South Hadley, Massachusetts, n'ụlọ Jean Grossholtz, onye na-akwado nwanyị nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị na prọfesọ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'Ugwu Holyoke nke Barbara Smith nọrọ ya nso. Ebumnuche ya bụ iji nyochaa ọnọdụ nke mmegharị ahụ, ịkekọrịta ozi gbasara ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ndị sonyere, na ikwu banyere ohere na okwu maka ịhazi ụmụ nwanyị ojii."[2] "Akpọrọ ndị nwanyị iri abụọ na abụọ ... a kpọrọ (na) ka ha weta akwụkwọ ọ bụla ederede metụtara Black Feminism - akwụkwọ akụkọ, akwụkwọ nta, akwụkwọ, ọrụ okike nke onwe ha - iji soro ndị otu ahụ kerịta. Frazier, Smith, na Smith, bụ ndị haziri ịlaghachi azụ ahụ, tụrụ anya na ha ga-akwalite mkpali ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmeghari ime mmụọ."[2] Emere nlaghachi azụ nke abụọ na Nọvemba 1977 na Franklin Township, New Jersey, na nke atọ na nke anọ ka edobere maka Maachị na Julaị 1978.[1] "Mgbe nlọghachi azụ ndị a gasịrị, a gbara ndị sonyere ume ka ha dee akụkọ maka mbipụta ụwa nke atọ nke ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị, akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Lorraine Bethel na Barbara Smith deziri." "Ndị sonyere na nzaghachi nke isii... kwurịtara isiokwu na May/June 1979 nke The Black Scholar n'ozuzu ya akpọrọ The Black Sexism Debate... Ha kwurịtakwara mkpa ọ dị ide Essence iji kwado edemede na mbipụta Septemba 1979 akpọrọ I Am a Lesbian nke Chirlane McCray, onye bụ onye otu Combahee...E mere nzaghachi ya nke asaa na Washington, D.C., na Febụwarị 1980. "<ref name="harris">{{Cite web|url=http://www.uga.edu/~womanist/harris3.1.htm|title=Duchess Harris. Interview with Barbara Smith.|accessdate=2008-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315192601/http://www.uga.edu/~womanist/harris3.1.htm|archivedate=2008-03-15}}</ref> Nkwupụta ikpeazụ ahụ dabeere na mkparịta ụka a, nke ndị na-eme ihe ike n'Afrịka na America bụ [[Barbara Smith]], Demita Frazier na Beverly Smith dere. E kewara nkwupụta Combahee River Collective n'isi anọ: Jenesis of Contemporary Black Feminism; What We Believe; Problems in Organizing Black Feminists; and Black Feminist Issues and Projects. ==== Jenesis nke Black Feminism nke Oge A ==== Isiokwu a nke nkwupụta CRC na-achọpụta mmalite na usoro nke Black femism. Ọ na-etinye CRC n'ime nnukwu òtù ụmụ nwanyị ojii. CRC gosipụtara onwe ya dị ka nke gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Sojourner Truth, [[Harriet Tubman]], Frances E. W. Harper, Ida B. Wells Barnett, na Mary Church Terrell, yana ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe a na-amaghị ama "ndị nwere mmata banyere otu njirimara mmekọahụ ha jikọtara ya na njirimara agbụrụ ha iji mee ka ọnọdụ ndụ ha niile na ihe gbasara ọgụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha pụrụ iche. " <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=How we get free : Black feminism and the Combahee River Collective|author=Taylor|first=Keeanga-Yamahtta|date=2017|isbn=978-1-60846-855-3|publisher=Haymarket Books|oclc=975027867}}</ref> CRC kwadoro ụmụ nwanyị ojii nke oge a dị ka mmalite nke ndị a wuru n'elu ọrụ ndị a. Ọnụnọ nke ndị Black feminist na nnukwu nke abụọ American feminist movement mere ka e guzobe òtù ndị Black femist dị iche iche dị ka National Black Feminist Organization ebe ọ bụ na ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ anaghị emezu mkpa nke ndị Black feminists. CRC kwukwara na ọ bụ itinye aka nke ndị Black femists na Black Liberation movement nke 1960s na 1970s nke metụtara echiche ndị otu CRC ma mee ka nkụda mmụọ na ndị ahụ. Ọ na-ekwu otu mmalite a si bụrụ nke onwe maka ụmụ nwanyị ojii, na-ejikọta na ahụmịhe nwata ebe mmadụ na-aghọta eziokwu siri ike nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị. Nke a na-eme ka ụmụ nwanyị ojii na-eleba anya n'ime ahụmịhe ha na nyocha ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ụmụ nwanyị na-eji iji kpochapụ usoro na-emegbu ha. Ọ na-ekwukwa banyere mmepe nke mere n'ihi Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, na-enye ohere maka ọgbọ na-esote ego na agụmakwụkwọ a na-enyeghị ya n'oge gara aga; site na iji ngwá ọrụ " [1][2]tokenism enyewo ha ịlụso onye mmegbu ọgụ nke ọma. Akụkọ ahụ gosikwara nkwenye CRC na mmegbu nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii diri bụ n'ihi mmegbu karịrị akarị. Dị ka ụmụ nwanyị ojii, mkpokọta kwetara na ha nwetara mmegbu dabere na agbụrụ, okike, na ọkwa. Ọzọkwa, n'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị inyom ahụ bụ ndị inyom nwere mmasị nwanyị, ha kwetara mmegbu dabeere na mmekọahụ. The Collective na-ekwu na ntọala ya na ọrụ ya dị ka "ndị na-agba mbọ ịlụso agbụrụ, mmekọahụ, nwoke na nwanyị ọgụ na mmegbu klaasị" ma na-akọwa ọrụ ya pụrụ iche dị ka "mmepe nke nyocha na omume jikọtara ọnụ na-adabere n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na usoro ndị bụ isi nke mmegbu na-ejikọta ọnụ. Njikọ nke mmegbu ndị a na-akpụzi ọnọdụ nke ndụ anyị." [1][2] ==== Ihe Anyị Kwere ==== Isiokwu a nke nkwupụta CRC na-akọwa ihe bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị njirimara na otu o si arụ ọrụ. Ihe CRC pụtara maka okwu ahụ bụ na ụmụ nwanyị ojii nwere ikike ịhazi atụmatụ nke ha dabere na ọnọdụ ihe onwunwe ha chere ihu n'ihi agbụrụ, ọkwa, okike, na mmekọahụ.   Isiokwu a kọwakwara nkwenye CRC na mbibi nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, ọchịchị onye kwuo isi, na nna ochie dị mkpa maka nnwere onwe nke ndị a na-emegbu emegbu. CRC gosipụtara dị ka ndị na-akwado ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya ma kwenyere na a ga-ahazi ọrụ maka uru nke ndị mmadụ niile, ọ bụghị maka uru nke uru.<ref name=":1"> Iji mezuo nke a, CRC kwekọrịtara na echiche Marx ka a na-etinye ya na mmekọrịta akụ na ụba ọ nyochara.<ref name=":1" /> CRC anaghị akwado Nkewa nke ụmụ nwanyị n'ihi na ha chere na ọ hapụrụ ndị ọzọ bara uru na mmegharị ahụ.<ref name=":1" /> Ha na-akọwa na e leghaara ụmụ nwanyị ojii na ọdịmma ha anya site na òtù ụmụ nwanyị nke oge a nke a haziri ma na-echegbu onwe ya banyere ọgụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ọcha (karịsịa ndị nọ n'etiti ma ọ bụ ndị nọ n"ọkwá dị elu). N'otu aka ahụ, a na-ahapụkarị ụmụ nwanyị n'ime òtù nnwere onwe ndị isi ojii. The Combahee River Collective na-ekwu na a na-elekarị ụmụ nwanyị ojii anya dị ala nakwa na ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ nwere echiche na-ezighi ezi na ụmụ nwanyị ojii chọrọ ike ka ukwuu. Otú ọ dị, ụmụ nwanyị ojii, n'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ ma ọ bụ agbụrụ, chọrọ ka a tinye ha ma mesoo ha nke ọma. Ndị Black Feminists niile nwere echiche na ụmụ nwanyị Black niile dị mkpa, na nnwere onwe ha dị mkpa, nakwa na ha ga-ekerịta uru na nkwanye ùgwù ha na ndị ọzọ. N'ikpeazụ, ebumnuche niile nke mmegide ịkpa ókè dị mkpa bụ itinye aka karịa iche ma ọ bụ nchụpụ, ọ bụkwa naanị ụzọ ụmụ nwanyị ojii nwere ike isi merie mmegbu ma bibie ya site na isi ya. Ọ bụ njem siri ike maka ụmụ nwanyị ojii, mana ọchịchọ ha dị mfe, ya bụ, ịnabata ma tinye ya. Ụmụ nwanyị ojii achọghị ikike ọ bụla pụrụ iche, ha chọrọ naanị ka a nabata ha ma kweta ha n'otu ọkwa ahụ dị ka ụmụ mmadụ na ụmụ amaala ndị ọzọ niile. ==== Nsogbu n'ịhazi ndị Black Feminists ==== Isiokwu a na-achọpụta nsogbu na ọdịda nke ịhazi gburugburu Black femism. CRC kwenyere na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ha na-alụ ọgụ iji kwụsị ọtụtụ ụdị mmegbu n'otu oge, kama ịbụ naanị otu ụdị mmegbu, bụ isi ihe isi ike. CRC kwekwaara na n'ihi ọnọdụ ya dị ka ụmụ nwanyị Black lesbian, ndị otu ya enweghị ike ịdabere na ịnweta agbụrụ, mmekọahụ, nwoke na nwanyị, ma ọ bụ ihe ùgwù nke klas.<ref name=":1"> CRC kwekwaara na ha nwetara mmetụta uche nke ọgụ ya n'ụzọ dị iche n'ihi "obere uru a na-etinye n'uche ụmụ nwanyị ojii na ọha mmadụ a". N'echiche a, ndị otu CRC hụrụ onwe ha dị ka ndị nọ n'ala nke usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ndị otu ahụ na-atụ aro na ịdị adị nke ịbụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii n'ụwa a, ha emebielarị ndị mmadụ. Ha lere anya na "A Black Feminist's Search for Sisterhood" nke Michele Wallace na-ekwu maka iche iche Black feminists ihu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-10-05|title=A Black Feminist's Search for Sisterhood|url=https://lithub.com/a-black-feminists-search-for-sisterhood/|accessdate=2023-05-19|work=Literary Hub|language=en-US}}</ref> N'ihi ọnọdụ a, CRC dere na, "ọ bụrụ na ụmụ nwanyị ojii nweere onwe ha, ọ ga-apụta na onye ọ bụla ọzọ ga-enwere onwe ya ebe ọ bụ na nnwere onwe anyị ga-achọ mbibi nke usoro mmegbu niile. " Nkwenye ya na nkwupụta a dabere na arụmụka ya gara aga na a ga-enyefe nnwere onwe nke ndị mmadụ niile na mbibi nke akụrụngwa, imperialism, na nna ochie.<ref name=":1" > Nlebara anya nke CRC na nnwere onwe nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii mekwara ka mmeghachi omume ọjọọ site n'aka ụmụ nwoke ojii. CRC kwenyere na n'ihi ihe a, ndị ikom ojii chere na "a ga-amanye ha ịgbanwe ụzọ ha na-ejikarị eme ihe na imegbu ụmụ nwanyị ojii". Isiokwu ahụ mechiri site n'ịtụle ụfọdụ nsogbu ndị a na-enwe n'ime otu n'onwe ya; enweghị usoro maka ịhazi ma ọ bụ ilekwasị anya. Ọ na-ekwu na otu ahụ nwetara oge enweghị ọrụ na adịghị n'otu n'ihi "nkewa nke ụmụ nwanyị" na klaasị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[1]. Mgbe ọtụtụ ndị otu kpebiri ịkwụsị ịga, otu ahụ gbanwere ihe ha na-elekwasị anya wee ghọọ otu ọmụmụ ihe, otu n'ime ihe mgbaru ọsọ ha bụ ịchịkọta mkpokọta ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii.[1]. ==== Ọrụ na Nsogbu Ndị Nwanyị ojii ==== Akụkọ ahụ kọwakwara ka CRC si malite ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha gbasara ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na òtù ụmụ nwanyị ọcha. Ndị CRC kwenyere na ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na-etinye aka na mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị emeghị obere mgbalị ịlụ ọgụ ma ọ bụ ghọta ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke ha. Ọzọkwa, CRC kwenyere na ụmụ nwanyị ndị a aghaghị inwe "karịa nghọta dị elu banyere agbụrụ, agba, na akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala ojii." [1] Ọ bụ ezie na CRC kwetara na ọrụ a bụ ọrụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ọcha, ha ga-arụ ọrụ iji kwado azịza nke ụmụ nwanyị ọcha a ruo na njedebe a. N'isi ikpeazụ a, ọ na-agụnye na ha anaghị akwado ịkwaga ndị ọzọ ka ha nwee ọganihu, ebe nke a ga-emegide ọhụụ ha ma mepụta usoro dị ka otu na-abụghị nke isi na ọha mmadụ ha na-eme mgbanwe. Ha kwenyere na iji hụ na nke a ga-eme omume na ọ na-akatọ onwe ya ma na-enyocha ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgbe niile ka ha na-etolite. A na-ezo aka na nkwupụta mkpokọta osimiri Combahee dị ka "n'ime akwụkwọ ndị kacha agbake agba nke ndị nwanyị ojii na-emepụta", [1] na Harriet Sigerman, onye dere akwụkwọ akụkọ The Columbia Documentary History of American Women From 1941, na-akpọ ihe ngwọta nke nkwupụta ahụ na-atụ aro maka nsogbu ọha na eze dị ka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na mmekọahụ, mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị klaasị "na-ejikọta ọnụ." N'ime Encyclopedia of Government and Politics, M. E. Hawkesworth na Maurice Kogan na-ezo aka na CRCS dị ka "ihe a na-ahụkarị dị ka nkwupụta doro anya banyere mkpa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị njirimara, ọkachasị maka ndị njirimara ha nwere ọtụtụ mmegbu na-ejikọta". A na-eto Smith na CRC maka ịmepụta okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke njirimara, nke ha na-akọwa dị ka "okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke sitere na ahụmahụ ihe onwunwe anyị dị ka ụmụ nwanyị ojii." [1] N'edemede ya "Site na Kennedy Commission to the Combahee Collective: Black Feminist Organizing, 1960-1980", Duchess Harris na-eto "okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị iche iche nke ndị nwanyị ojii na Combaee River Collective (na) (na-akọwa) ọdịdị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na 1980s na 1990s, na ndị na-agbagha ha n'oge." [1] The Collective mepụtara nyocha dị iche iche na-amata "mmegbu n'otu oge", na-ajụ ịhazi mmegbu dabere na agbụrụ, ọkwa na okike. Dị ka onye edemede na ọkà mmụta [[Angela Davis]] si kwuo, nyocha a sitere na Black Marxist na Black Nationalist movements, ma bụrụkwa onye na-mmegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na onye na-egbochi ọchụnta ego n'okike. N'akwụkwọ Roderick Ferguson bụ Aberrations in Black, a kpọtụrụ Combahee River Collective Statement aha dị ka "ịgbanwe njikọ aka iji dozie okike, agbụrụ, na ọchịchị mmekọahụ dị ka akụkụ nke mgbasawanye nke ụwa".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Aberrations in Black|author=Ferguson|first=Roderick|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|year=2004|pages=134}}</ref> Ferguson na-eji nkwupụta nke mmegbu n'otu oge iji kọwaa njikọ aka nke dị na mpụga òtù nke mba ahụ. ==== Usoro mmegbu na-ejikọta ọnụ ==== Combahee River Collective rụrụ ụka na ụdị mmegbu dị iche iche dị ka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị, heteronormativity, na ịkpa ókè bụ ihe jikọrọ ya na a ghaghị ilebara ya anya n'ozuzu ya. Ha kwenyekwara na nwa nwanyị ojii bụ atụmatụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ezi uche dị na ya iji dozie mmegbu ndị a n'otu oge. Dị ka ha si kwuo, dị ka ndị nwanyị nwanyị ojii, enweghị ike ịkekọrịta mmegbu ha n'otu aka ahụ na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị, ma ọ bụ mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị. Combahee River Collective kwuru na "Anyị na-ekewakarị agbụrụ na klaasị na mmegbu mmekọahụ n'ihi na na ndụ anyị, a na-ahụkarị ha ọnụ."[1] Nkwupụta CRC na-ekwu na otu nsogbu na ịhazi Black feminists bụ na ha na-alụ ọgụ megide ụdị mmegbu dị iche iche, n'adịghị ka ndị ọcha na-alụso otu ụdị mmegbu ọgụ. N'ime encyclopedia Lesbian Histories and Cultures, onye nchịkọta akụkọ Jaime M. Grant na-enye aka na-akọwa ọrụ CRC na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke oge ahụ.<blockquote>Ìgwè ahụ gbakọtara n'oge ọtụtụ n'ime ndị otu ya na-agba mbọ ịkọwa omume nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị n'akụkụ ịrị elu nke òtù ụmụ nwanyị na-acha ọcha, na ọhụụ mba ojii nke ụmụ nwanyị na'ịkwado idu ndú ụmụ nwoke ojii.</blockquote> Grant kwenyere na CRC kacha mkpa na "mpụta nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emekọ ihe na njedebe 1970 na mmalite 1980s ... nke gosipụtara ọrụ ndị dị mkpa nke ndị inyom na-aga n'ihu nke agba nwere ike ịrụ" n'ịchịkọta ọdịiche "n'etiti mpaghara dị iche iche, ma na-ekepụta ohere ọhụrụ maka mgbanwe n'ime obodo ndị kewara ekewa ..."[1] Ọ na-ekwu na, na-agbakwụnye na nkwupụta nke ndị òtù na-agbasi mbọ ike maka obodo. mwepu nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze Boston, na mkpọsa obodo megide obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii na mpaghara ndị ojii yana n'ahịrị picket na-achọ ọrụ owuwu maka ndị ọrụ ojii."[1]   Otu a tinyekwara aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ihi ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị, ọkachasị ogbugbu 1979 Boston nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii 12 na otu nwanyị ọcha.[1] Dị ka Becky Thompson si kwuo, onye osote prọfesọ na Mahadum Simmons dị na Boston na onye edemede nke A Nkwa na Ụzọ Ndụ: White Antiracist Activism, Boston Black Lives Matter movement na mgbasa ozi "gbalịsiri ike ịchụpụ igbu ọchụ ... dabere n'echiche bụ na (ụmụ nwanyị) bụ ndị akwụna na ya mere erughị eru maka nchebe ma ọ bụ nyocha "[2]<blockquote>Oge oyi na oge opupu ihe ubi ahụ bụ oge nnukwu nkụda mmụọ, iwe, mwute na egwu maka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii na Boston, gụnyere onwe m. Ọ bụkwa maka m oge nke ụfọdụ n'ime nhazi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kachasị sie ike na nke bara uru m nwetụrụla. Nnyocha na omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ndị Black feminist nke Combahee River Collective mepụtara kemgbe 1974 mere ka anyị ghọta ma mmekọahụ-ọchịchị na agbụrụ-ọchịchịrị nke igbu ọchụ ma mee ka anyị bụrụ njikọ dị n'etiti obodo dị iche iche iwe: ndị ojii, ọkachasị ụmụ nwanyị ojii; ndị inyom ndị ọzọ na-acha ọcha; na ndị ọcha na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụkwa ndị inyom na-edina nwoke.</blockquote>Smith mepụtara echiche ndị a n'ime akwụkwọ nta akụkọ banyere isiokwu ahụ, na-ekwupụta mkpa ọ dị "ileba anya na igbu ọchụ ndị a dị ka mpụ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na nke nwoke na nwanyị" ma na-ekwusi ike na ọ dị mkpa "ikwu okwu banyere ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị na obodo ojii." [1] Akpọrọ akwụkwọ nta ahụ aha na mbụ "6 Black Women Mere Ha Die", Otú ọ dị, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii e gburu nọgidere na-arị elu. E wepụrụ nọmba 6 ma jiri 7 dochie ya, ma mesịa dochie ya na 8, na-egosi na nsogbu ahụ dị ngwa ngwa.[2] N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Susan Goodwillie gbara n'afọ 1994, Smith kwuru na omume a mere ka ndị otu ahụ banye n'ime obodo Boston. O kwuru na "akwụkwọ nta ahụ nwere nkwupụta, nyocha, nyocha ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, o kwukwara na ọ bụ Combahee River Collective kwadebere ya. Nke ahụ bụ nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nye anyị, nnukwu ọganihu iji mata onwe anyị n'ihe anyị maara na a ga-ekesa ya n'ọtụtụ ebe. " Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Duchess Harris kwenyere na "Ndị otu ahụ dị n'otu ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike mgbe igbu ọchụ na Boston na-eme. Inwe ihe omume iji meghachi omume ma hazie gburugburu nyere ha ihe kpatara ha ga-elekwasị anya..." === Mkpa nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị ojii === CRC kwusiri ike na nkwenye dị mkpa na nke a na-ekerịta na "ụmụ nwanyị ojii bara uru, na... nnwere onwe (ha) bụ ihe dị mkpa ọ bụghị dị ka ihe enyemaka na onye ọzọ kama n'ihi mkpa (nke ha) dị ka mmadụ maka nnwere onwe..." ma kwupụta nkwenye pụrụ iche maka "ịrụ ọrụ na ọgụ ndị ahụ nke agbụrụ, okike, na ọkwa bụ ihe ndị na-eme n'otu oge na mmegbu..." CRC chọrọ "iwulite ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ga-agbanwe ndụ anyị ma kwụsị mmegbu anyị". Nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị ojii na-achọ iwepụ usoro mmegbu ndị a na-agbagwoju anya ma mepụta ọha mmadụ ziri ezi; na-achọ inye ụmụ nwanyị ojii ike iweghachite ụlọ ọrụ ha ma kwado ikike ha, nnwere onwe, na mkpebi onwe ha. Ọ na-atụle mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke na-abara ọ bụghị naanị ụmụ nwanyị ojii uru kamakwa obodo ha na ọha mmadụ n'ozuzu ha ma na-agbagha atụmanya ọha na eze, stereotypes, na ihe mgbochi ndị na-egbochi nhọrọ, ohere, na ọdịmma ụmụ nwanyị ojii. === Mkpa nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii === Black femism bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị nke na-elekwasị anya na ụmụ nwanyị ojii na ikike ha. Òtù ndị isi ojii na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na-ekwu maka ahụmịhe pụrụ iche nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii banyere ịkpa ókè na mmegbu. Ọtụtụ mgbe, òtù ụmụ nwanyị na-elekwasị anya na ndị ọcha, ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ọkwá dị elu ma ọ naghị agụnye agbụrụ ndị ọzọ, agbụrụ, mmekọahụ, klas akụ na ụba, na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke mmegbu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Peterson|first=Max|title=The Revolutionary Practice of Black Feminisms Stories|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/revolutionary-practice-black-feminisms|work=Smithsonian|date=March 4, 2019|accessdate=22 April 2022}}</ref> Òtù ụmụ nwanyị ojii na-enye ụmụ nwanyị ojii nkwado na otu na-alụ ọgụ maka ha kpọmkwem. Òtù ndị isi ojii na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị kwusiri ike mkpa ụmụ nwanyị ojii na-akọwa ma na-anọchite anya onwe ha, na-agbagha akụkọ na echiche ndị dị mkpa. Ọ kpọrọ oku maka nnwere onwe n'ịkpụzi atụmatụ na atụmatụ nke ha maka ime ihe ike. Black femism na-elekwasị anya na ahụmịhe na echiche nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii, ọ kwusiri ike na ọ dị mkpa iji nyochaa mmegbu site na oghere intersectional na ibute nnwere onwe nke ndị niile a na-akparaghị ókè ụzọ; mkpa nke njirimara na ahụmịshọn na-ewulite ịdị n'otu n'etiti ndị a na-enweghị. Ọ kwadoro njikọ aka n'etiti obodo dị iche iche a na-emegbu emegbu iji maa usoro ike aka ma rụọ ọrụ maka nnwere onwe. The Collective mere ezumike netwọk ikpeazụ ya na Febụwarị 1980 wee gbasaa oge ụfọdụ ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ. Ọtụtụ ihe nyere aka na mkpebi ha, site na nghọtahie n'ime ụlọ ruo ihe ịma aka ndị otu ahụ chere ihu. Ìgwè ahụ nwere olu na echiche dịgasị iche iche, na ka oge na-aga, enweghị nkwekọrịta bilitere banyere atụmatụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ihe ndị dị mkpa, na echiche. Ọdịiche ndị a mere ka o sie ike maka otu ahụ ịnọgide na-enwe otu ihu na otu. Dị ka ọtụtụ òtù ndị nkịtị, Combahee River Collective chere nsogbu ego na akụ ihu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=How we get free : Black feminism and the Combahee River Collective|author=Taylor|first=Keeanga-Yamahtta|date=2017|isbn=978-1-60846-855-3|publisher=Haymarket Books|oclc=975027867}}</ref> == Ndị otu na ndị sonyere == Combahee Collective buru ibu ma na-agbanwe agbanwe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ya niile. Ndị otu na ndị na-enye onyinye gụnyere:   == Hụkwa == * Tebụl kichin: Ụmụ nwanyị nke Color Press * Akwụkwọ ndị Africa na America * Echiche nkatọ nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya * Ndekọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị * Intersectionality * Ụmụ nwanyị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị * Akwụkwọ Black Lesbian * Ịhụnanya dị mkpa * [[Ịhụnanya ụmụ nwanyị]] == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == *   * Brohead, Frank; Davies, Margery; Demeter, John; et.al. (1979). ''Radical America: Black Feminism in Boston.'' Alternative Education Project. * Cespedes, K. L., Evans, C. R., & Monteiro, S. (2017). ''The Combahee River Collective Forty Years Later: Social Healing within a Black Feminist Classroom.'' ''Souls'', ''19''(3), 377–389.  [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]<span>:</span>[[doi:10.1080/10999949.2017.1390361|10.1080/10999949.2017.1390361]] * Smith, Barbara (2014). ''Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me Around: Forty Years of Movement Building with Barbara Smith.'' Eubanks, Virginia; Jones, Alethia (Eds.). SUNY Press.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-5116-9|<bdi>978-1-4384-5116-9</bdi>]] * Smith, Barbara. "Toward a Black Feminist Criticism"] ''The Radical Teacher'', no. 7, 1978, pp. 20–27. JSTOR 20709102 * Springer, Kimberly. ''Living for the Revolution: Black Feminist Organizations, 1968–1980''. Duke University Press, 2005.  [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]<span>:</span>[[doi:10.2307/j.ctv120qt2c|10.2307/j.ctv120qt2c]] * [[Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor|Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta]] (Ed.) (2017), ''How We Get Free: Black Feminism and the Combahee River Collective'', Haymarket Books,  <ref name=":2">{{Cite book|author=Taylor|first=Keeanga-Yamahtta|title=How We Get Free: Black Feminism and the Combahee River Collective|publisher=Haymarket Books|year=2017|isbn=978-1-60846-855-3|pages=58}}</ref> * Williamson, T. L. (2017). ''Why Did They Die? On Combahee and the Serialization of Black Death.'' ''Souls'', ''19''(3), 328–341.  [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]<span>:</span>[[doi:10.1080/10999949.2017.1389633|10.1080/10999949.2017.1389633]] == Edensibia ==   == Njikọ mpụga == {{Reflist|33em}} * [https://historyisaweapon.com/defcon1/combrivercoll.html Nkwupụta Nchịkọta nke Osimiri Combahee] * [https://historyproject.org/sites/default/files/2019-02/Black%20%26%20Gay%20Timeline%2C%20until%201992.pdf Usoro iheomume nke LGBTQ African American History nke Boston] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] aeby88xblcbd7uz1fqqnq6i3ynu5v2l 0 74713 628620 2026-04-01T23:04:59Z Hbusinessent 60993 Edemede ọhụrụ maka RemmiQue 628620 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em; font-size:90%;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; background-color:#f0f0f0;" class="fn" | RemmiQue |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:RemmiQue.jpg|220px]]<br />RemmiQue na 2025 |- ! style="text-align:left;" | Aha ọmụmụ | class="nickname" | Hassan Remilekun |- ! style="text-align:left;" | Ebe o siri | [[Mushin]], [[Lagos State]], Nigeria |- ! style="text-align:left;" | Ụdị egwu | [[Afrobeats]], [[R&B]], Afro-fusion |- ! style="text-align:left;" | Ọrụ ya | Onye na-abụ abụ, na-ede abụ, na-eti egwu |- ! style="text-align:left;" | Afọ ọrụ | 2015–ugbu a |- ! style="text-align:left;" | Labelụ | MGV Entertainment |} '''Hassan Remilekun''', onye amara aha ya bụ '''RemmiQue''', bụ onye na-abụ abụ, na-ede abụ, ma na-eti egwu rap na Naijiria. A maara ya maka ụdị egwu ya nke na-agwakọta [[Afrobeats]], [[R&B]], na soul.<ref name="sun_feb">{{cite news |title=RemmiQue: Rising star redefining Nigerian music with versatility, inspiration |url=https://thesun.ng/remmique-rising-star-redefining-nigerian-music-with-versatility-inspiration/ |work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=2025-02-21 |access-date=2026-02-27}}</ref> Na 2025, o wepụtara egwu mbụ ya (EP) akpọrọ ''iQue'', n'okpuru ụlọ ọrụ MGV Entertainment. == Mbido ndụ == Hassan Remilekun mụrụ ma zụlite na Mushin, Lagos State, mana ọ bụ nwa afọ Osun State.<ref name="thisday">{{cite news |last=Ehigiator |first=Sunday |title=RemmiQue: The rising star blending Afrobeat with innovation, authenticity |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/02/21/remmique-the-rising-star-blending-afrobeat-with-innovation-authenticity/ |work=[[This Day]] |date=2025-02-21 |access-date=2026-02-15}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Eko Boys High School na Mushin.<ref name="thisday" /> RemmiQue mechara gụọ Entrepreneurship na Business Management na [[National Open University of Nigeria]] (NOUN), ebe ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta Bachelor.<ref name="vanguard">{{cite news |title=How RemmiQue blends talent, business acumen to shape his musical legacy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/07/how-remmique-blends-talent-business-acumen-to-shape-his-musical-legacy/ |work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2025-07-02 |access-date=2026-02-15}}</ref><ref name="sun_july">{{cite news |title=Rising Afropop artist RemmiQue charts path to stardom |url=https://thesun.ng/rising-afropop-artist-remmique-charts-path-to-stardom/ |work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=2025-07-02 |access-date=2026-02-27}}</ref> O kwuru na obodo Mushin ebe o tolitere nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'egwu ya.<ref name="punch">{{cite news |last=Chima |first=Naomi |title=Growing up in Mushin shaped my sound— RemmiQue |url=https://punchng.com/growing-up-in-mushin-shaped-my-sound-remmique/ |work=[[The Punch]] |date=2025-06-29 |access-date=2026-02-15}}</ref> == Ọrụ egwu == RemmiQue malitere ọrụ egwu ya na Lagos. O wepụtara egwu mbụ ya akpọrọ "Maayi" na 2021.<ref name="thisday" /> N'agbata 2022 na 2024, o wepụtara ọtụtụ egwu ndị ọzọ dịka "Adura," "Liga Liga," na "Girl."<ref name="vanguard" /> N'isi mbido afọ 2025, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ya na MGV Entertainment.<ref name="punch_success">{{cite news |last=Chima |first=Naomi |title=Making music that stands out is my strategy for success— RemmiQue |url=https://punchng.com/punchng.com/making-music-that-stands-out-is-my-strategy-for-success-remmique/ |work=[[The Punch]] |date=2025-02-22 |access-date=2026-02-15}}</ref> Na June 27, 2025, o wepụtara EP ya mbụ akpọrọ ''iQue EP''.<ref name="tribune">{{cite news |title=RemmiQue drops new EP ‘iQue’, eyes new heights in music career |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/remmique-drops-new-ep-ique-eyes-new-heights-in-music-career/ |work=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |date=2025-06-27 |access-date=2026-02-15}}</ref> Egwu ndị dị na ya gụnyere "Vwzard," "Reason," "Medicine," "Alubarika," na "Story."<ref name="vanguard_ep">{{cite news |title=Singer, RemmiQue to drop new EP 'iQue' |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/02/singer-remmique-to-drop-new-ep-ique/ |work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2025-02-20 |access-date=2026-02-15}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} js4uaq1x3hup013ftsqh8y8maca426j 0 74714 628652 2026-04-02T06:48:17Z Olugold 12202 Olugold moved page [[Ofe akwụ]] to [[Ofe akwụ (Banga)]] 628652 wikitext text/x-wiki #KÚFÙ [[Ofe akwụ (Banga)]] dxpugxlz3myer7fc9v0mxvee2ucb44t 628658 628652 2026-04-02T08:43:27Z Olugold 12202 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346675410|Ofe akwụ]]" 628658 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Ofe_akwụ_1.jpg|alt=Ofe akwụ (soup), traditional soup of the Anambra people, Nigeria|thumb|Ofe akwụ (ofe), ofe ọdịnala nke ndị Anambra, Naijiria ]] '''''Ofe akwụ''''' ( [ɔ́fɛ́ àkwʊ̀] i) bụ ofe ọdịnala nke ndị [[Anambra Steeti|Anambra]] na mpaghara [[Igboland|ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ]] nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. A na-ejikarị [[osikapa ọcha]], e siri esi e ri ya, nke bụ ihe kachasị ewu ewu, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịnụ ụtọ ya na ''agidi'' ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Banga Stew {{!}} How To Make Nigerian Foods|url=https://allnigerianfoods.com/banga-stew/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=All Nigerian Foods|language=en-US}}</ref> Ihe na-akọwa ofe akwụ bụ ntọala yá bara ọgaranya, na-acha ọbara ọbara nke e ji mmiri nkwụ ọhụrụ mee, nke na-enye nri ahụ ụtọ pụrụ iche, ísì, ná agba. A na-eri ofe ahụ n'ọtụtụ obodo Igbo ma na-ewere ya dị ka nri kwa ụbọchị na nri pụrụ iche a na-enye n'oge ememme. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Jemimah|first=Sisi|date=2015-09-22|title=Ofe Akwu - Igbo Style Banga Soup|url=https://sisijemimah.com/2015/09/22/ofe-akwu/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=Sisi Jemimah|language=en-GB}}</ref>{{IPA|ibo|ɔ́fɛ́ àkʷʊ̀|lang}}{{IPA|ibo|ɔ́fɛ́ àkʷʊ̀|lang}}{{IPA|ibo|ɔ́fɛ́ àkʷʊ̀|lang}} == Mmalite == ''Ofe akwụ'' sitere nà Anambra Steeti dị ná ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa. Obodo ndị ọzọ, dị kà [[Ȯra Delta|Ndị Delta,]] nwere ụdị dị iche iche a maara dị ka ofe Banga, nkè a na-akwadebe site na iji mmiri mkpụrụ osisi nkwụ e wepụtara ọhụrụ. Na-eri nri na nri a na-akpọ starchi <ref>{{Cite web|author=Baldé|first=Lehlé|date=2019-11-22|title=Ofe akwu (banga soup), a delicacy from south eastern Nigeria -|url=https://businessday.ng/culinary-delights/recipes/article/ofe-akwu-banga-soup-a-delicacy-from-south-eastern-nigeria/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe ndị e ji esi ya == A na-eji ihe ndị a esi ''Ofe akwụ'' [[Faịlụ:Palm_friuts.jpg|alt=Palm fruit|thumb|150x150px|Mkpụrụ osisi akwụ ]] [[Faịlụ:Ugu_leaf_at_monday_market_02.jpg|alt=Ugu leaves|thumb|150x150px|Ugu]] * Mkpụrụ osisi akwu <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=How to Cook the Best Ofe Akwu (Banga Stew)|url=https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/stews/best-ofe-akwu-recipe/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=All Nigerian Recipes|language=en-US}}</ref> * Anụ (anụ ehi, anụ ewu, azụ, ọkụkọ) * Azụ a miri amị * Isi okporoko * ''Ogiri okpeye'' * Crayfish (gwakọta / ala) * Ose okpo ma ọ bụ nke a mịrị ọhụrụ (esuru esu / akworokwo) * Nnu * Magi (nke a na-ahọrọ) * ''[[Monodora myristica|Ehuru]]'' (nwere nhọrọ) (na-ege ntị) m * Nutmeg (nke a na-ahọrọ) * Akwụkwọ nri: obere ugu na ''Nchuanwu'' <ref name=":1" /> == Nkwadebe == [[Faịlụ:Eléments_constitutifs_de_la_sauce_14.jpg|alt=Nchuanwu leaves|thumb|160x160px|Akwụkwọ Nchuanwu]] Iji kwadebe ofe akwụ soro usoro ndị a # Sụọ mkpụrụ osisi akwụ ọhụrụ, ruo mgbe ọ dị nro. Suo n'ime ikwe ma ọ bụ gwakọta ya n'ụzọ dị n'ime processo ka mkpụrụ osisi ahụ wee ka dị mma. Tinye mmiri na-ekpo oku ntakịrị, gwakọta, wee wepụ mmiri ahụ site na iji nyu. Wepụ ahịhịa ahụ ma megharịa usoro mwepụta ahụ na obere mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụrụ na mmanụ ka dị n'ahịhịa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Jemimah|first=Sisi|date=2015-09-22|title=Ofe Akwu - Igbo Style Banga Soup|url=https://sisijemimah.com/2015/09/22/ofe-akwu/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=Sisi Jemimah|language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJemimah2015">Jemimah, Sisi (22 September 2015). [https://sisijemimah.com/2015/09/22/ofe-akwu/ "Ofe Akwu - Igbo Style Banga Soup"]. ''Sisi Jemimah''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> # Tinye anụ a sachara na ihe ndị ọzọ n'ime ite, tinye nnu, yabasị, na ose (ọ ga-ahọrọ), sie ngwakọta ahụ obere, ma tinye mmiri. Sie ya ruo mgbe ọ ghere eghe. Mgbe ahụ debe anụ, mmiri anụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ. # Wụye mmiri akwụ n'ime ite, kwe ka ọ sie ruo minit 10-15, ruo mgbe ọ ga-arọ. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri akwụ nwere mmanụ nkwụ karịrị akarị, enwere ike iwepụ ya mgbe ọ na-asụ. Enwere ike ichekwa mmanụ ahụ ma jiri ya mee nri ọzọ. # Tinye anụ e siri esi na ihe ndị ọzọ, ose, crayfish, ogiri okpenye, magi (nhọrọ), na obere nnu iji nụ ụtọ. Ka ihe niile sukota ọnụ ruo minit 3-5. # N'ikpeazụ, tinye ugu a sara mmiri ma bie ya nke ọma na nchuanwu, tụgharịa ma hapụ ya ka ọ sụọ na otu nkeji ma ọ bụ obere oge. Tụgharịa ihe niile ọnụ, ofe akwụ eghe la. <ref name=":0" /> == Ịkenye == ''E nwere ike ikenye ofe akwụ'' na * [[Osikapa ọcha|osikapa]] e siri esi * [[Mkpụrụ|Agwa]] e siri esi * ''Agidi'' (na-ege ntị) {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Olugold-Agidi.wav|(listen)}} * [[Jí|Ji]] e siri esi == Hụkwa == * ''[[Ofe onugbu]]'' * ''[[Ofe Nsala|Ofe nsala]]'' * ''[[Ofe Achara|Ofe achara]]'' * ''[[Ofe Owerri]]'' == Ihe ngosi == <gallery heights="170px" mode="packed"> Faịlụ:Ofe_akwụ.jpg|Ofe akwụ Faịlụ:Ofe_Akwụ.jpg|Ofe akwụ Faịlụ:White_rice_and_stew_(Banga_stew)_(Nigerian_dish).jpg|Ofe akwụ na osikapa Faịlụ:Banga_Stew_(Ofe_Akwụ).jpg|Ofe akwụ </gallery> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{Igbo topics}} [[Otú:Igbo cuisine]] oc7i9mwzs62jnbmtjgqx3826sgb3q23 628659 628658 2026-04-02T08:44:02Z Olugold 12202 /* Ịkenye */ 628659 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Ofe_akwụ_1.jpg|alt=Ofe akwụ (soup), traditional soup of the Anambra people, Nigeria|thumb|Ofe akwụ (ofe), ofe ọdịnala nke ndị Anambra, Naijiria ]] '''''Ofe akwụ''''' ( [ɔ́fɛ́ àkwʊ̀] i) bụ ofe ọdịnala nke ndị [[Anambra Steeti|Anambra]] na mpaghara [[Igboland|ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ]] nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. A na-ejikarị [[osikapa ọcha]], e siri esi e ri ya, nke bụ ihe kachasị ewu ewu, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịnụ ụtọ ya na ''agidi'' ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Banga Stew {{!}} How To Make Nigerian Foods|url=https://allnigerianfoods.com/banga-stew/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=All Nigerian Foods|language=en-US}}</ref> Ihe na-akọwa ofe akwụ bụ ntọala yá bara ọgaranya, na-acha ọbara ọbara nke e ji mmiri nkwụ ọhụrụ mee, nke na-enye nri ahụ ụtọ pụrụ iche, ísì, ná agba. A na-eri ofe ahụ n'ọtụtụ obodo Igbo ma na-ewere ya dị ka nri kwa ụbọchị na nri pụrụ iche a na-enye n'oge ememme. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Jemimah|first=Sisi|date=2015-09-22|title=Ofe Akwu - Igbo Style Banga Soup|url=https://sisijemimah.com/2015/09/22/ofe-akwu/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=Sisi Jemimah|language=en-GB}}</ref>{{IPA|ibo|ɔ́fɛ́ àkʷʊ̀|lang}}{{IPA|ibo|ɔ́fɛ́ àkʷʊ̀|lang}}{{IPA|ibo|ɔ́fɛ́ àkʷʊ̀|lang}} == Mmalite == ''Ofe akwụ'' sitere nà Anambra Steeti dị ná ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa. Obodo ndị ọzọ, dị kà [[Ȯra Delta|Ndị Delta,]] nwere ụdị dị iche iche a maara dị ka ofe Banga, nkè a na-akwadebe site na iji mmiri mkpụrụ osisi nkwụ e wepụtara ọhụrụ. Na-eri nri na nri a na-akpọ starchi <ref>{{Cite web|author=Baldé|first=Lehlé|date=2019-11-22|title=Ofe akwu (banga soup), a delicacy from south eastern Nigeria -|url=https://businessday.ng/culinary-delights/recipes/article/ofe-akwu-banga-soup-a-delicacy-from-south-eastern-nigeria/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe ndị e ji esi ya == A na-eji ihe ndị a esi ''Ofe akwụ'' [[Faịlụ:Palm_friuts.jpg|alt=Palm fruit|thumb|150x150px|Mkpụrụ osisi akwụ ]] [[Faịlụ:Ugu_leaf_at_monday_market_02.jpg|alt=Ugu leaves|thumb|150x150px|Ugu]] * Mkpụrụ osisi akwu <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=How to Cook the Best Ofe Akwu (Banga Stew)|url=https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/stews/best-ofe-akwu-recipe/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=All Nigerian Recipes|language=en-US}}</ref> * Anụ (anụ ehi, anụ ewu, azụ, ọkụkọ) * Azụ a miri amị * Isi okporoko * ''Ogiri okpeye'' * Crayfish (gwakọta / ala) * Ose okpo ma ọ bụ nke a mịrị ọhụrụ (esuru esu / akworokwo) * Nnu * Magi (nke a na-ahọrọ) * ''[[Monodora myristica|Ehuru]]'' (nwere nhọrọ) (na-ege ntị) m * Nutmeg (nke a na-ahọrọ) * Akwụkwọ nri: obere ugu na ''Nchuanwu'' <ref name=":1" /> == Nkwadebe == [[Faịlụ:Eléments_constitutifs_de_la_sauce_14.jpg|alt=Nchuanwu leaves|thumb|160x160px|Akwụkwọ Nchuanwu]] Iji kwadebe ofe akwụ soro usoro ndị a # Sụọ mkpụrụ osisi akwụ ọhụrụ, ruo mgbe ọ dị nro. Suo n'ime ikwe ma ọ bụ gwakọta ya n'ụzọ dị n'ime processo ka mkpụrụ osisi ahụ wee ka dị mma. Tinye mmiri na-ekpo oku ntakịrị, gwakọta, wee wepụ mmiri ahụ site na iji nyu. Wepụ ahịhịa ahụ ma megharịa usoro mwepụta ahụ na obere mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụrụ na mmanụ ka dị n'ahịhịa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Jemimah|first=Sisi|date=2015-09-22|title=Ofe Akwu - Igbo Style Banga Soup|url=https://sisijemimah.com/2015/09/22/ofe-akwu/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=Sisi Jemimah|language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJemimah2015">Jemimah, Sisi (22 September 2015). [https://sisijemimah.com/2015/09/22/ofe-akwu/ "Ofe Akwu - Igbo Style Banga Soup"]. ''Sisi Jemimah''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> # Tinye anụ a sachara na ihe ndị ọzọ n'ime ite, tinye nnu, yabasị, na ose (ọ ga-ahọrọ), sie ngwakọta ahụ obere, ma tinye mmiri. Sie ya ruo mgbe ọ ghere eghe. Mgbe ahụ debe anụ, mmiri anụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ. # Wụye mmiri akwụ n'ime ite, kwe ka ọ sie ruo minit 10-15, ruo mgbe ọ ga-arọ. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri akwụ nwere mmanụ nkwụ karịrị akarị, enwere ike iwepụ ya mgbe ọ na-asụ. Enwere ike ichekwa mmanụ ahụ ma jiri ya mee nri ọzọ. # Tinye anụ e siri esi na ihe ndị ọzọ, ose, crayfish, ogiri okpenye, magi (nhọrọ), na obere nnu iji nụ ụtọ. Ka ihe niile sukota ọnụ ruo minit 3-5. # N'ikpeazụ, tinye ugu a sara mmiri ma bie ya nke ọma na nchuanwu, tụgharịa ma hapụ ya ka ọ sụọ na otu nkeji ma ọ bụ obere oge. Tụgharịa ihe niile ọnụ, ofe akwụ eghe la. <ref name=":0" /> == Ịkenye == ''E nwere ike ikenye ofe akwụ'' na * [[Osikapa ọcha|osikapa]] e siri esi * [[Mkpụrụ|Agwa]] e siri esi * ''Agidi'' (na-ege ntị) {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Olugold-Agidi.wav|(gee)}} * [[Jí|Ji]] e siri esi == Hụkwa == * ''[[Ofe onugbu]]'' * ''[[Ofe Nsala|Ofe nsala]]'' * ''[[Ofe Achara|Ofe achara]]'' * ''[[Ofe Owerri]]'' == Ihe ngosi == <gallery heights="170px" mode="packed"> Faịlụ:Ofe_akwụ.jpg|Ofe akwụ Faịlụ:Ofe_Akwụ.jpg|Ofe akwụ Faịlụ:White_rice_and_stew_(Banga_stew)_(Nigerian_dish).jpg|Ofe akwụ na osikapa Faịlụ:Banga_Stew_(Ofe_Akwụ).jpg|Ofe akwụ </gallery> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{Igbo topics}} [[Otú:Igbo cuisine]] 0ywsy2by6armqlii0z2gvpu6ya3avyz 628660 628659 2026-04-02T08:46:27Z Olugold 12202 628660 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Ofe_akwụ_1.jpg|alt=Ofe akwụ (soup), traditional soup of the Anambra people, Nigeria|thumb|Ofe akwụ (ofe), ofe ọdịnala nke ndị Anambra, Naijiria ]] '''''Ofe akwụ''''' ( [ɔ́fɛ́ àkwʊ̀] {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Olugold-Ofe akwụ.wav|(gee)}}) bụ ofe ọdịnala nke ndị [[Anambra Steeti|Anambra]] na mpaghara [[Igboland|ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ]] nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. A na-ejikarị [[osikapa ọcha]], e siri esi e ri ya, nke bụ ihe kachasị ewu ewu, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịnụ ụtọ ya na ''agidi'' ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Banga Stew {{!}} How To Make Nigerian Foods|url=https://allnigerianfoods.com/banga-stew/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=All Nigerian Foods|language=en-US}}</ref> Ihe na-akọwa ofe akwụ bụ ntọala yá bara ọgaranya, na-acha ọbara ọbara nke e ji mmiri nkwụ ọhụrụ mee, nke na-enye nri ahụ ụtọ pụrụ iche, ísì, ná agba. A na-eri ofe ahụ n'ọtụtụ obodo Igbo ma na-ewere ya dị ka nri kwa ụbọchị na nri pụrụ iche a na-enye n'oge ememme. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Jemimah|first=Sisi|date=2015-09-22|title=Ofe Akwu - Igbo Style Banga Soup|url=https://sisijemimah.com/2015/09/22/ofe-akwu/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=Sisi Jemimah|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Mmalite == ''Ofe akwụ'' sitere nà Anambra Steeti dị ná ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa. Obodo ndị ọzọ, dị kà [[Ȯra Delta|Ndị Delta,]] nwere ụdị dị iche iche a maara dị ka ofe Banga, nkè a na-akwadebe site na iji mmiri mkpụrụ osisi nkwụ e wepụtara ọhụrụ. Na-eri nri na nri a na-akpọ starchi <ref>{{Cite web|author=Baldé|first=Lehlé|date=2019-11-22|title=Ofe akwu (banga soup), a delicacy from south eastern Nigeria -|url=https://businessday.ng/culinary-delights/recipes/article/ofe-akwu-banga-soup-a-delicacy-from-south-eastern-nigeria/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe ndị e ji esi ya == A na-eji ihe ndị a esi ''Ofe akwụ'' [[Faịlụ:Palm_friuts.jpg|alt=Palm fruit|thumb|150x150px|Mkpụrụ osisi akwụ ]] [[Faịlụ:Ugu_leaf_at_monday_market_02.jpg|alt=Ugu leaves|thumb|150x150px|Ugu]] * Mkpụrụ osisi akwu <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=How to Cook the Best Ofe Akwu (Banga Stew)|url=https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/stews/best-ofe-akwu-recipe/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=All Nigerian Recipes|language=en-US}}</ref> * Anụ (anụ ehi, anụ ewu, azụ, ọkụkọ) * Azụ a miri amị * Isi okporoko * ''Ogiri okpeye'' * Crayfish (gwakọta / ala) * Ose okpo ma ọ bụ nke a mịrị ọhụrụ (esuru esu / akworokwo) * Nnu * Magi (nke a na-ahọrọ) * ''[[Monodora myristica|Ehuru]]'' (nwere nhọrọ) (na-ege ntị) m * Nutmeg (nke a na-ahọrọ) * Akwụkwọ nri: obere ugu na ''Nchuanwu'' <ref name=":1" /> == Nkwadebe == [[Faịlụ:Eléments_constitutifs_de_la_sauce_14.jpg|alt=Nchuanwu leaves|thumb|160x160px|Akwụkwọ Nchuanwu]] Iji kwadebe ofe akwụ soro usoro ndị a # Sụọ mkpụrụ osisi akwụ ọhụrụ, ruo mgbe ọ dị nro. Suo n'ime ikwe ma ọ bụ gwakọta ya n'ụzọ dị n'ime processo ka mkpụrụ osisi ahụ wee ka dị mma. Tinye mmiri na-ekpo oku ntakịrị, gwakọta, wee wepụ mmiri ahụ site na iji nyu. Wepụ ahịhịa ahụ ma megharịa usoro mwepụta ahụ na obere mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụrụ na mmanụ ka dị n'ahịhịa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Jemimah|first=Sisi|date=2015-09-22|title=Ofe Akwu - Igbo Style Banga Soup|url=https://sisijemimah.com/2015/09/22/ofe-akwu/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=Sisi Jemimah|language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJemimah2015">Jemimah, Sisi (22 September 2015). [https://sisijemimah.com/2015/09/22/ofe-akwu/ "Ofe Akwu - Igbo Style Banga Soup"]. ''Sisi Jemimah''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> # Tinye anụ a sachara na ihe ndị ọzọ n'ime ite, tinye nnu, yabasị, na ose (ọ ga-ahọrọ), sie ngwakọta ahụ obere, ma tinye mmiri. Sie ya ruo mgbe ọ ghere eghe. Mgbe ahụ debe anụ, mmiri anụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ. # Wụye mmiri akwụ n'ime ite, kwe ka ọ sie ruo minit 10-15, ruo mgbe ọ ga-arọ. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri akwụ nwere mmanụ nkwụ karịrị akarị, enwere ike iwepụ ya mgbe ọ na-asụ. Enwere ike ichekwa mmanụ ahụ ma jiri ya mee nri ọzọ. # Tinye anụ e siri esi na ihe ndị ọzọ, ose, crayfish, ogiri okpenye, magi (nhọrọ), na obere nnu iji nụ ụtọ. Ka ihe niile sukota ọnụ ruo minit 3-5. # N'ikpeazụ, tinye ugu a sara mmiri ma bie ya nke ọma na nchuanwu, tụgharịa ma hapụ ya ka ọ sụọ na otu nkeji ma ọ bụ obere oge. Tụgharịa ihe niile ọnụ, ofe akwụ eghe la. <ref name=":0" /> == Ịkenye == ''E nwere ike ikenye ofe akwụ'' na * [[Osikapa ọcha|osikapa]] e siri esi * [[Mkpụrụ|Agwa]] e siri esi * ''Agidi'' (na-ege ntị) {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Olugold-Agidi.wav|(gee)}} * [[Jí|Ji]] e siri esi == Hụkwa == * ''[[Ofe onugbu]]'' * ''[[Ofe Nsala|Ofe nsala]]'' * ''[[Ofe Achara|Ofe achara]]'' * ''[[Ofe Owerri]]'' == Ihe ngosi == <gallery heights="170px" mode="packed"> Faịlụ:Ofe_akwụ.jpg|Ofe akwụ Faịlụ:Ofe_Akwụ.jpg|Ofe akwụ Faịlụ:White_rice_and_stew_(Banga_stew)_(Nigerian_dish).jpg|Ofe akwụ na osikapa Faịlụ:Banga_Stew_(Ofe_Akwụ).jpg|Ofe akwụ </gallery> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{Igbo topics}} [[Otú:Igbo cuisine]] 1xuna21fan81n64v8ivnxhf4pjusc67 628661 628660 2026-04-02T08:48:14Z Olugold 12202 628661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Faịlụ:Ofe_akwụ.jpg|alt=Ofe akwụ (soup), traditional soup of the Anambra people, Nigeria|thumb|Ofe akwụ (ofe), ofe ọdịnala nke ndị Anambra, Naijiria ]] '''''Ofe akwụ''''' ( [ɔ́fɛ́ àkwʊ̀] {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Olugold-Ofe akwụ.wav|(gee)}}) bụ ofe ọdịnala nke ndị [[Anambra Steeti|Anambra]] na mpaghara [[Igboland|ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ]] nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. A na-ejikarị [[osikapa ọcha]], e siri esi e ri ya, nke bụ ihe kachasị ewu ewu, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịnụ ụtọ ya na ''agidi'' ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Banga Stew {{!}} How To Make Nigerian Foods|url=https://allnigerianfoods.com/banga-stew/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=All Nigerian Foods|language=en-US}}</ref> Ihe na-akọwa ofe akwụ bụ ntọala yá bara ọgaranya, na-acha ọbara ọbara nke e ji mmiri nkwụ ọhụrụ mee, nke na-enye nri ahụ ụtọ pụrụ iche, ísì, ná agba. A na-eri ofe ahụ n'ọtụtụ obodo Igbo ma na-ewere ya dị ka nri kwa ụbọchị na nri pụrụ iche a na-enye n'oge ememme. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Jemimah|first=Sisi|date=2015-09-22|title=Ofe Akwu - Igbo Style Banga Soup|url=https://sisijemimah.com/2015/09/22/ofe-akwu/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=Sisi Jemimah|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Mmalite == ''Ofe akwụ'' sitere nà Anambra Steeti dị ná ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa. Obodo ndị ọzọ, dị kà [[Ȯra Delta|Ndị Delta,]] nwere ụdị dị iche iche a maara dị ka ofe Banga, nkè a na-akwadebe site na iji mmiri mkpụrụ osisi nkwụ e wepụtara ọhụrụ. Na-eri nri na nri a na-akpọ starchi <ref>{{Cite web|author=Baldé|first=Lehlé|date=2019-11-22|title=Ofe akwu (banga soup), a delicacy from south eastern Nigeria -|url=https://businessday.ng/culinary-delights/recipes/article/ofe-akwu-banga-soup-a-delicacy-from-south-eastern-nigeria/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe ndị e ji esi ya == A na-eji ihe ndị a esi ''Ofe akwụ'' [[Faịlụ:Palm_friuts.jpg|alt=Palm fruit|thumb|150x150px|Mkpụrụ osisi akwụ ]] [[Faịlụ:Ugu_leaf_at_monday_market_02.jpg|alt=Ugu leaves|thumb|150x150px|Ugu]] * Mkpụrụ osisi akwu <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=How to Cook the Best Ofe Akwu (Banga Stew)|url=https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/stews/best-ofe-akwu-recipe/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=All Nigerian Recipes|language=en-US}}</ref> * Anụ (anụ ehi, anụ ewu, azụ, ọkụkọ) * Azụ a miri amị * Isi okporoko * ''Ogiri okpeye'' * Crayfish (gwakọta / ala) * Ose okpo ma ọ bụ nke a mịrị ọhụrụ (esuru esu / akworokwo) * Nnu * Magi (nke a na-ahọrọ) * ''[[Monodora myristica|Ehuru]]'' (nwere nhọrọ) (na-ege ntị) m * Nutmeg (nke a na-ahọrọ) * Akwụkwọ nri: obere ugu na ''Nchuanwu'' <ref name=":1" /> == Nkwadebe == [[Faịlụ:Eléments_constitutifs_de_la_sauce_14.jpg|alt=Nchuanwu leaves|thumb|160x160px|Akwụkwọ Nchuanwu]] Iji kwadebe ofe akwụ soro usoro ndị a # Sụọ mkpụrụ osisi akwụ ọhụrụ, ruo mgbe ọ dị nro. Suo n'ime ikwe ma ọ bụ gwakọta ya n'ụzọ dị n'ime processo ka mkpụrụ osisi ahụ wee ka dị mma. Tinye mmiri na-ekpo oku ntakịrị, gwakọta, wee wepụ mmiri ahụ site na iji nyu. Wepụ ahịhịa ahụ ma megharịa usoro mwepụta ahụ na obere mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụrụ na mmanụ ka dị n'ahịhịa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Jemimah|first=Sisi|date=2015-09-22|title=Ofe Akwu - Igbo Style Banga Soup|url=https://sisijemimah.com/2015/09/22/ofe-akwu/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=Sisi Jemimah|language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJemimah2015">Jemimah, Sisi (22 September 2015). [https://sisijemimah.com/2015/09/22/ofe-akwu/ "Ofe Akwu - Igbo Style Banga Soup"]. ''Sisi Jemimah''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> # Tinye anụ a sachara na ihe ndị ọzọ n'ime ite, tinye nnu, yabasị, na ose (ọ ga-ahọrọ), sie ngwakọta ahụ obere, ma tinye mmiri. Sie ya ruo mgbe ọ ghere eghe. Mgbe ahụ debe anụ, mmiri anụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ. # Wụye mmiri akwụ n'ime ite, kwe ka ọ sie ruo minit 10-15, ruo mgbe ọ ga-arọ. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri akwụ nwere mmanụ nkwụ karịrị akarị, enwere ike iwepụ ya mgbe ọ na-asụ. Enwere ike ichekwa mmanụ ahụ ma jiri ya mee nri ọzọ. # Tinye anụ e siri esi na ihe ndị ọzọ, ose, crayfish, ogiri okpenye, magi (nhọrọ), na obere nnu iji nụ ụtọ. Ka ihe niile sukota ọnụ ruo minit 3-5. # N'ikpeazụ, tinye ugu a sara mmiri ma bie ya nke ọma na nchuanwu, tụgharịa ma hapụ ya ka ọ sụọ na otu nkeji ma ọ bụ obere oge. Tụgharịa ihe niile ọnụ, ofe akwụ eghe la. <ref name=":0" /> == Ịkenye == ''E nwere ike ikenye ofe akwụ'' na * [[Osikapa ọcha|osikapa]] e siri esi * [[Mkpụrụ|Agwa]] e siri esi * ''Agidi'' (na-ege ntị) {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Olugold-Agidi.wav|(gee)}} * [[Jí|Ji]] e siri esi == Hụkwa == * ''[[Ofe onugbu]]'' * ''[[Ofe Nsala|Ofe nsala]]'' * ''[[Ofe Achara|Ofe achara]]'' * ''[[Ofe Owerri]]'' == Ihe ngosi == <gallery heights="170px" mode="packed"> Faịlụ:Ofe_akwụ.jpg|Ofe akwụ Faịlụ:Ofe_Akwụ.jpg|Ofe akwụ Faịlụ:White_rice_and_stew_(Banga_stew)_(Nigerian_dish).jpg|Ofe akwụ na osikapa Faịlụ:Banga_Stew_(Ofe_Akwụ).jpg|Ofe akwụ </gallery> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{Igbo topics}} [[Otú:Igbo cuisine]] aedwhmdhbxcpzd0ayeddos1yc1wk1t3 628662 628661 2026-04-02T08:48:55Z Olugold 12202 628662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Ofe akwụ''''' ( [ɔ́fɛ́ àkwʊ̀] {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Olugold-Ofe akwụ.wav|(gee)}}) bụ ofe ọdịnala nke ndị [[Anambra Steeti|Anambra]] na mpaghara [[Igboland|ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ]] nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. A na-ejikarị [[osikapa ọcha]], e siri esi e ri ya, nke bụ ihe kachasị ewu ewu, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịnụ ụtọ ya na ''agidi'' ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Banga Stew {{!}} How To Make Nigerian Foods|url=https://allnigerianfoods.com/banga-stew/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=All Nigerian Foods|language=en-US}}</ref> Ihe na-akọwa ofe akwụ bụ ntọala yá bara ọgaranya, na-acha ọbara ọbara nke e ji mmiri nkwụ ọhụrụ mee, nke na-enye nri ahụ ụtọ pụrụ iche, ísì, ná agba. A na-eri ofe ahụ n'ọtụtụ obodo Igbo ma na-ewere ya dị ka nri kwa ụbọchị na nri pụrụ iche a na-enye n'oge ememme. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Jemimah|first=Sisi|date=2015-09-22|title=Ofe Akwu - Igbo Style Banga Soup|url=https://sisijemimah.com/2015/09/22/ofe-akwu/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=Sisi Jemimah|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Mmalite == ''Ofe akwụ'' sitere nà Anambra Steeti dị ná ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa. Obodo ndị ọzọ, dị kà [[Ȯra Delta|Ndị Delta,]] nwere ụdị dị iche iche a maara dị ka ofe Banga, nkè a na-akwadebe site na iji mmiri mkpụrụ osisi nkwụ e wepụtara ọhụrụ. Na-eri nri na nri a na-akpọ starchi <ref>{{Cite web|author=Baldé|first=Lehlé|date=2019-11-22|title=Ofe akwu (banga soup), a delicacy from south eastern Nigeria -|url=https://businessday.ng/culinary-delights/recipes/article/ofe-akwu-banga-soup-a-delicacy-from-south-eastern-nigeria/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe ndị e ji esi ya == A na-eji ihe ndị a esi ''Ofe akwụ'' [[Faịlụ:Palm_friuts.jpg|alt=Palm fruit|thumb|150x150px|Mkpụrụ osisi akwụ ]] [[Faịlụ:Ugu_leaf_at_monday_market_02.jpg|alt=Ugu leaves|thumb|150x150px|Ugu]] * Mkpụrụ osisi akwu <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=How to Cook the Best Ofe Akwu (Banga Stew)|url=https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/stews/best-ofe-akwu-recipe/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=All Nigerian Recipes|language=en-US}}</ref> * Anụ (anụ ehi, anụ ewu, azụ, ọkụkọ) * Azụ a miri amị * Isi okporoko * ''Ogiri okpeye'' * Crayfish (gwakọta / ala) * Ose okpo ma ọ bụ nke a mịrị ọhụrụ (esuru esu / akworokwo) * Nnu * Magi (nke a na-ahọrọ) * ''[[Monodora myristica|Ehuru]]'' (nwere nhọrọ) (na-ege ntị) m * Nutmeg (nke a na-ahọrọ) * Akwụkwọ nri: obere ugu na ''Nchuanwu'' <ref name=":1" /> == Nkwadebe == [[Faịlụ:Eléments_constitutifs_de_la_sauce_14.jpg|alt=Nchuanwu leaves|thumb|160x160px|Akwụkwọ Nchuanwu]] Iji kwadebe ofe akwụ soro usoro ndị a # Sụọ mkpụrụ osisi akwụ ọhụrụ, ruo mgbe ọ dị nro. Suo n'ime ikwe ma ọ bụ gwakọta ya n'ụzọ dị n'ime processo ka mkpụrụ osisi ahụ wee ka dị mma. Tinye mmiri na-ekpo oku ntakịrị, gwakọta, wee wepụ mmiri ahụ site na iji nyu. Wepụ ahịhịa ahụ ma megharịa usoro mwepụta ahụ na obere mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụrụ na mmanụ ka dị n'ahịhịa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Jemimah|first=Sisi|date=2015-09-22|title=Ofe Akwu - Igbo Style Banga Soup|url=https://sisijemimah.com/2015/09/22/ofe-akwu/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=Sisi Jemimah|language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJemimah2015">Jemimah, Sisi (22 September 2015). [https://sisijemimah.com/2015/09/22/ofe-akwu/ "Ofe Akwu - Igbo Style Banga Soup"]. ''Sisi Jemimah''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> # Tinye anụ a sachara na ihe ndị ọzọ n'ime ite, tinye nnu, yabasị, na ose (ọ ga-ahọrọ), sie ngwakọta ahụ obere, ma tinye mmiri. Sie ya ruo mgbe ọ ghere eghe. Mgbe ahụ debe anụ, mmiri anụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ. # Wụye mmiri akwụ n'ime ite, kwe ka ọ sie ruo minit 10-15, ruo mgbe ọ ga-arọ. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri akwụ nwere mmanụ nkwụ karịrị akarị, enwere ike iwepụ ya mgbe ọ na-asụ. Enwere ike ichekwa mmanụ ahụ ma jiri ya mee nri ọzọ. # Tinye anụ e siri esi na ihe ndị ọzọ, ose, crayfish, ogiri okpenye, magi (nhọrọ), na obere nnu iji nụ ụtọ. Ka ihe niile sukota ọnụ ruo minit 3-5. # N'ikpeazụ, tinye ugu a sara mmiri ma bie ya nke ọma na nchuanwu, tụgharịa ma hapụ ya ka ọ sụọ na otu nkeji ma ọ bụ obere oge. Tụgharịa ihe niile ọnụ, ofe akwụ eghe la. <ref name=":0" /> == Ịkenye == ''E nwere ike ikenye ofe akwụ'' na * [[Osikapa ọcha|osikapa]] e siri esi * [[Mkpụrụ|Agwa]] e siri esi * ''Agidi'' (na-ege ntị) {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Olugold-Agidi.wav|(gee)}} * [[Jí|Ji]] e siri esi == Hụkwa == * ''[[Ofe onugbu]]'' * ''[[Ofe Nsala|Ofe nsala]]'' * ''[[Ofe Achara|Ofe achara]]'' * ''[[Ofe Owerri]]'' == Ihe ngosi == <gallery heights="170px" mode="packed"> Faịlụ:Ofe_akwụ.jpg|Ofe akwụ Faịlụ:Ofe_Akwụ.jpg|Ofe akwụ Faịlụ:White_rice_and_stew_(Banga_stew)_(Nigerian_dish).jpg|Ofe akwụ na osikapa Faịlụ:Banga_Stew_(Ofe_Akwụ).jpg|Ofe akwụ </gallery> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{Igbo topics}} [[Otú:Igbo cuisine]] nc0alukff6wrtcp1x77bk0o3i1p97un 628663 628662 2026-04-02T08:50:21Z Olugold 12202 628663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Ofe akwụ''''' ( [ɔ́fɛ́ àkwʊ̀] {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Olugold-Ofe akwụ.wav|(gee)}}) bụ ofe ọdịnala nke ndị [[Anambra Steeti|Anambra]] na mpaghara [[Igboland|ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ]] nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. A na-ejikarị [[osikapa ọcha]], e siri esi e ri ya, nke bụ ihe kachasị ewu ewu, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịnụ ụtọ ya na ''agidi'' ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Banga Stew {{!}} How To Make Nigerian Foods|url=https://allnigerianfoods.com/banga-stew/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=All Nigerian Foods|language=en-US}}</ref> Ihe na-akọwa ofe akwụ bụ ntọala yá bara ọgaranya, na-acha ọbara ọbara nke e ji mmiri nkwụ ọhụrụ mee, nke na-enye nri ahụ ụtọ pụrụ iche, ísì, ná agba. A na-eri ofe ahụ n'ọtụtụ obodo Igbo ma na-ewere ya dị ka nri kwa ụbọchị na nri pụrụ iche a na-enye n'oge ememme. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Jemimah|first=Sisi|date=2015-09-22|title=Ofe Akwu - Igbo Style Banga Soup|url=https://sisijemimah.com/2015/09/22/ofe-akwu/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=Sisi Jemimah|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Mmalite == ''Ofe akwụ'' sitere nà Anambra Steeti dị ná ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa. Obodo ndị ọzọ, dị kà [[Ȯra Delta|Ndị Delta,]] nwere ụdị dị iche iche a maara dị ka ofe Banga, nkè a na-akwadebe site na iji mmiri mkpụrụ osisi nkwụ e wepụtara ọhụrụ. Na-eri nri na nri a na-akpọ starchi <ref>{{Cite web|author=Baldé|first=Lehlé|date=2019-11-22|title=Ofe akwu (banga soup), a delicacy from south eastern Nigeria -|url=https://businessday.ng/culinary-delights/recipes/article/ofe-akwu-banga-soup-a-delicacy-from-south-eastern-nigeria/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe ndị e ji esi ya == A na-eji ihe ndị a esi ''Ofe akwụ'' [[Faịlụ:Palm_friuts.jpg|alt=Palm fruit|thumb|150x150px|Mkpụrụ osisi akwụ ]] [[Faịlụ:Ugu_leaf_at_monday_market_02.jpg|alt=Ugu leaves|thumb|150x150px|Ugu]] * Mkpụrụ osisi akwu <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=How to Cook the Best Ofe Akwu (Banga Stew)|url=https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/stews/best-ofe-akwu-recipe/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=All Nigerian Recipes|language=en-US}}</ref> * Anụ (anụ ehi, anụ ewu, azụ, ọkụkọ) * Azụ a miri amị * Isi okporoko * ''Ogiri okpeye'' * Crayfish (gwakọta / ala) * Ose okpo ma ọ bụ nke a mịrị ọhụrụ (esuru esu / akworokwo) * Nnu * Magi (nke a na-ahọrọ) * ''[[Monodora myristica|Ehuru]]'' (nwere nhọrọ) (na-ege ntị) m * Nutmeg (nke a na-ahọrọ) * Akwụkwọ nri: obere ugu na ''Nchuanwu'' <ref name=":1" /> == Nkwadebe == [[Faịlụ:Eléments_constitutifs_de_la_sauce_14.jpg|alt=Nchuanwu leaves|thumb|160x160px|Akwụkwọ Nchuanwu]] Iji kwadebe ofe akwụ soro usoro ndị a # Sụọ mkpụrụ osisi akwụ ọhụrụ, ruo mgbe ọ dị nro. Suo n'ime ikwe ma ọ bụ gwakọta ya n'ụzọ dị n'ime processo ka mkpụrụ osisi ahụ wee ka dị mma. Tinye mmiri na-ekpo oku ntakịrị, gwakọta, wee wepụ mmiri ahụ site na iji nyu. Wepụ ahịhịa ahụ ma megharịa usoro mwepụta ahụ na obere mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụrụ na mmanụ ka dị n'ahịhịa. <ref name=":0" /> # Tinye anụ a sachara na ihe ndị ọzọ n'ime ite, tinye nnu, yabasị, na ose (ọ ga-ahọrọ), sie ngwakọta ahụ obere, ma tinye mmiri. Sie ya ruo mgbe ọ ghere eghe. Mgbe ahụ debe anụ, mmiri anụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ. # Wụye mmiri akwụ n'ime ite, kwe ka ọ sie ruo minit 10-15, ruo mgbe ọ ga-arọ. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri akwụ nwere mmanụ nkwụ karịrị akarị, enwere ike iwepụ ya mgbe ọ na-asụ. Enwere ike ichekwa mmanụ ahụ ma jiri ya mee nri ọzọ. # Tinye anụ e siri esi na ihe ndị ọzọ, ose, crayfish, ogiri okpenye, magi (nhọrọ), na obere nnu iji nụ ụtọ. Ka ihe niile sukota ọnụ ruo minit 3-5. # N'ikpeazụ, tinye ugu a sara mmiri ma bie ya nke ọma na nchuanwu, tụgharịa ma hapụ ya ka ọ sụọ na otu nkeji ma ọ bụ obere oge. Tụgharịa ihe niile ọnụ, ofe akwụ eghe la. <ref name=":0" /> == Ịkenye == ''E nwere ike ikenye ofe akwụ'' na * [[Osikapa ọcha|osikapa]] e siri esi * [[Mkpụrụ|Agwa]] e siri esi * ''Agidi'' (na-ege ntị) {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Olugold-Agidi.wav|(gee)}} * [[Jí|Ji]] e siri esi == Hụkwa == * ''[[Ofe onugbu]]'' * ''[[Ofe Nsala|Ofe nsala]]'' * ''[[Ofe Achara|Ofe achara]]'' * ''[[Ofe Owerri]]'' == Ihe ngosi == <gallery heights="170px" mode="packed"> Faịlụ:Ofe_akwụ.jpg|Ofe akwụ Faịlụ:Ofe_Akwụ.jpg|Ofe akwụ Faịlụ:White_rice_and_stew_(Banga_stew)_(Nigerian_dish).jpg|Ofe akwụ na osikapa Faịlụ:Banga_Stew_(Ofe_Akwụ).jpg|Ofe akwụ </gallery> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{Igbo topics}} [[Otú:Igbo cuisine]] pbgpwne1yj8lyhevvxwsdvlkx39yini 14 74715 628664 2026-04-02T08:56:48Z Olugold 12202 Jiri 'peeji ndị nwere mkpoputa okwu na audio' kere ihü 628664 wikitext text/x-wiki peeji ndị nwere mkpoputa okwu na audio 7ns379w2uipd9tu25hxrwt0570z6fyk