Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako

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&lt;!-- Discussion notice starts --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: #ff0; margin: 0 0 3px 0; padding: 0 2px 0 2px;&quot;&gt;[[Wikipedia talk:Ogbako Ọtú|'''Ihü ákíkó''']] dị maka okwu. Biko doséré okwu ébéahụ. Omemé gi detụ na ihü nkà.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- Header bar starts --&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;toccolours&quot; id=&quot;siteNotice&quot;&quot;&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Requests_for_Adminship|Requests for Adminship]] | [[Wikipedia:Request_for_Bot_status|Request for Bot approval]] | [[:Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing _translation|Articles for Translation]] | [[:Category:Article nke ntakiri|Articles needing expansion]]&lt;/div&gt;

{{Íshí Nzọr Inglish}}
{{Ihe Anyi gi me}}

==Administrator access==
I would like to be an administrator on this Igbo wikipedia. '''[[User:Ukabia|Álúsí Wikipedia Ìgbo]]''' - [[User talk:Ukabia|okwú na ókà]] 17:21, 10 Önwa Asaa 2011 (UTC)

I would love to be an administrator on ig.wikipedia. The admin tools would be useful in order to fight vandalism on ig.wikipedia, improve the main page etc. [[Ọbanife:Blossom Ozurumba|Blossom Ozurumba]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Blossom Ozurumba|talk]]) 11:36, 1 Önwa Asáto 2017 (UTC)


I would love to be an administrator on ig.wikipedia. The admin tools would be useful in organizing the page,  fight vandalism on ig.wikipedia, improve articles etc. [[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo | Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|talk]]) 17:35, 1 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2020 (UTC)

&lt;br&gt;
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[[Category:Wikipedia]]
I would love to be an administrator on ig.wikipedia. The admin tools would be useful in correcting certain misspelt words which change the meaning of words in Igbo and hence reduce the interpretation and make the page difficult to use. 
--[[Ọbanife:Chioma Onyema|Chioma Onyema]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Chioma Onyema|talk]]) 08:46, 6 Ọnwaàsaà 2021 (UTC)

== Improving the translation support for the Igbo Wikipedia ==

''Sorry about not being able to write in Igbo. I hope someone can translate this!''

[[:mw:Content translation|Content translation]] has been successful in supporting the translation process on many Wikipedia communities, and we want to help additional wikis with potential to grow using translation as part of [[:mw:Content translation/Boost|a new initiative]].

Content translation facilitates the creation of Wikipedia articles by translating content from other languages. It has been used already to create more than half a million articles. In addition, the tool provides [[:mw:Help:Content translation/Translating/Translation quality|mechanisms to encourage the creation of good quality content]], preventing the publication of lightly edited machine translations. In general, our analysis shows that the translations produced are [[:mw:Content_translation/Deletion_statistics_comparison|less likely to be deleted than the articles started from scratch]].

Igbo Wikipedia editors have used Content translation to create [[Special:CXStats|more than three hundred articles]]. Given the size of the editing community, we think that there is potential to use translation to create more articles, expand existing ones, and attract new editors that learn how to make productive edits. Translation can help the community to reduce the language gap with other languages and grow the number of editors in a sustainable way. In order to achieve this goal, we want to collaborate with you to make Content translation more visible in the Igbo Wikipedia and support new ways to translate.

As a first step, during the next weeks we plan to enable Content translation by default on the Igbo Wikipedia. That will make it easy for users to discover the tool [[:mw:Help:Content_translation/Starting|through several entry points]]. However, users not interested in translation will still be able to disable it from their preferences.

Please feel free to share any comment in this conversation thread.

Thanks! --[[Ọbanife:Aaharoni-WMF|Amir E. Aharoni (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Aaharoni-WMF|talk]]) 13:04, 4 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2020 (UTC)

Wwyx

Ụmụ nnem na ụmụ nnam, edeyerem akwụkwọ na meta wikipedia ka fa nyem ikike ma ye kwam ego ịji new ruọ oru. Biko kwado nu mu. Ebe ịga afu ya bu na https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Igboanude/Female_Creators_on_Igbo_Wikipedia --[[Ọbanife:Igboanude|Igboanude]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Igboanude|talk]]) 07:50, 4 Ọnwaàtọ 2021 (UTC)

I applied for a rapid grant to do a wikidata project on Nigerian female producers etc. the link is attached. I seek your advice and support. https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Offordile234/Nigerian_Female_Film_Producers,_Directors_and_Actors_on_Wikidata --[[Ọbanife:Offordile234|Offordile234]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Offordile234|talk]]) 21:23, 10 Ọnwaàtọ 2021 (UTC)

I applied for a rapid grant to add content and improve existing content in wikidata about Nigerian religious leaders and the churches. I will like your comments and if approved your participation. the link is https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Chuks_Zilo/Nigerian_Religious_Institutions_on_Wikidata  --[[Ọbanife:Chuks Zilo|Chuks Zilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Chuks Zilo|talk]]) 20:23, 12 Ọnwaànọ 2021 (UTC)

E debeyerem akwụkwọ ka eyem ego ịji rụọ ọrụ. The link is https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Obihoja/Permanent_Secretaries_and_Directors_General/Training Please comment and advice. --[[Ọbanife:Obihoja|Obihoja]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Obihoja|talk]]) 11:50, 8 Ọnwaìse 2021 (UTC)

E tiyerem akwụkwọ ka ndị wikipedia yem ego maka ọrụ ịtiye foto na ụda onu nịme Igbo Wiktionary. Biko kwadom. Ebe ntịyere ya bụ na https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Igboanude/Pictures_and_Voice_Notes_in_Igbo_Wiktionary  --[[Ọbanife:Igboanude|Igboanude]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Igboanude|talk]]) 11:03, 12 Ọnwaìse 2021 (UTC)

I applied for a project in wikidata. I will will appreciate your comment and support. the project link is https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Chuks_Zilo/CEOs_of_Quoted_Companies_in_Nigeria --[[Ọbanife:Chuks Zilo|Chuks Zilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Chuks Zilo|talk]]) 13:13, 5 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC)

== Ịma Ọkwa Obodo Maka Ọrụ M ==

Ezigbo mmadu niile,

Ọ ga-amasị m ịkọrọ unu niile gbasara [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Clarissagum/Mahadum_Federal_na_Steeti,_Polytechnics_na_K%E1%BB%8Dleji_nke_Mm%E1%BB%A5ta_na_Na%E1%BB%8Bjir%E1%BB%8Ba Mahadum Federal na Steeti, Polytechnics na Kọleji nke Mmụta na Naịjirịa].

Daalụ maka nkwado gị niile.

[[Ọbanife:Clarissagum|Clarissagum]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Clarissagum|talk]]) 21:21, 9 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC)

== Photowalk of Minna, Niger state ==

Ndewo ndi nkem,
Pls find attached my [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/OtuNwachinemere/Photowalk_of_Minna,_Niger_State_Nigeria#Activities project grant] request for your endorsement and collaboration.
Thanks --[[Ọbanife:OtuNwachinemere|OtuNwachinemere]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:OtuNwachinemere|talk]]) 12:48, 15 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC)

==META WIKI INTERFACE TRANSLATION==
I have applied for translation of the meta wiki interface translation for Igbo Wiktionary which is still in the incubator. your contribution and support will be appreciated. https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Obihoja/Igbo_Language_MetaWiki_interface_translation  --[[Ọbanife:Obihoja|Obihoja]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Obihoja|kwuo]]) 07:45, 15 Ọnwa iri 2021 (UTC)

== Ịma Ọkwa Maka Ọrụ M ==

Ndewo onye ọ bụla,

Ọ ga-amasị m ịkọrọ unu niile gbasara [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Clarissagum/%E1%BB%A4m%E1%BB%A5_Nwanyi_nd%E1%BB%8B_Nkuzi_na_nd%E1%BB%8B_Nch%E1%BB%8Dp%E1%BB%A5ta_n%27%E1%BB%A5l%E1%BB%8D_Akw%E1%BB%A5kw%E1%BB%8D_Mmuta_di_elu_nke_Na%E1%BB%8Bjir%E1%BB%8Ba Ụmụ Nwanyi ndị Nkuzi na ndị Nchọpụta n'ụlọ Akwụkwọ Mmuta di elu nke Naịjirịa].

Daalụ maka nkwado gị niile.

[[Ọbanife:Clarissagum|Clarissagum]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Clarissagum|kwuo]]) 10:15, 14 Ọnwa iri na otù 2021 (UTC)

== Deployment of FLORES Machine Translation to Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo nụ ndị ọma!

Apologies as this message is not in your native language, {{Int:Please-translate}}.

The WMF Language team has added another machine translation (MT) support for the Content Translation in Igbo Wikipedia called FLORES. This means that you can choose to use [https://ai.facebook.com/blog/the-flores-101-data-set-helping-build-better-translation-systems-around-the-world/ FLORES machine translation] when translating Wikipedia articles to Igbo using [https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation the Content Translation tool].
 
The FLORES Machine Translation service is provided by an [https://ai.facebook.com/ AI research team at Meta] through a free for use API key that allows the Content Translation to access the service on the FLORES server for an evaluation trial period. This MT is set as optional; in your Wikipedia, which means you can choose not to use it as your preferred initial translator. If you decide to use this service, you can select &quot;FLORES&quot; from the &quot;Initial Translation&quot; dropdown menu where you will find other existing machine translation services on the sidebar.
 
The Wikimedia Foundation has worked out an agreement that allows the use of FLORES without compromising Wikipedia’s policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user, and brand representation. You can find more information about the FLORES Machine translation on [[mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Flores#Summary_of_our_agreement_with_Meta|this page]].
 
Please note that the use of the FLORES MT is optional. However, we would want your community to:
*use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service; and
*[[mw:Talk:Content_translation|provide feedback]] about its quality and ask any questions you might have about this addition.
 
We trust that this addition is a good support to the Content Translations tool towards having better quality articles in Igbo Wikipedia.
 
Daalụ nụ! 

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|kwuo]]) 12:02, 7 Ọnwa abụọ 2022 (UTC)

== Making Flores a default Machine Translation for three months in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo nụ ndi nkem!

The WMF Language team would like to make [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Flores Flores], provided by an [https://ai.facebook.com/ AI research team at Meta], the default machine translation support in your Wikipedia Content Translation tool for a test period of 3 months.

The above experiment will help us determine how useful the Machine Translation is for your community more reliably. By setting Flores as the default service, we expect more content to be created by using it and the data about its quality to be more representative. We plan to effect this change on 11th April 2022 unless your community has an objection not to make the FLORES the default Machine translation. 

It is okay if individuals decide to select their default service, which would also be helpful to understand user preferences. However, we would encourage you to use it. After three months, we would revert to the initial default machine translation unless your community thinks otherwise. 

We thank you for your support and look forward to the outcome of this test.

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|kwuo]]) 18:48, 28 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.


I have recently applied for a grant on training and competition for senior citizens. it is a proposal to bring in more senior citizens to join the wikipedia family. it will be a training and competion for participating seniors. will appreciate your suggestions.--[[Ọbanife:Igboanude|Igboanude]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Igboanude|kwuo]]) 14:55, 26 Ọnwa ise 2022 (UTC)

== Reverting to Google as the default Machine Translation in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo ndi nkem!

Three months ago, the WMF Language team set the [[mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Flores|Flores]] Machine Translation (MT) support as the default in your Wikipedia which just ended.

So, we want to revert to the initial default Machine translation support for the Content translation tool in Zulu Wikipedia unless there are objections from your community to retain the Flores as your default MT.

We will wait two weeks for your feedback in this thread on the above, and If there are no objections to reverting to the [[mw:Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation#Google_Translate|Google Translate]], we will make the Google MT the default translation in your Content translation tool after the 25th of July, 2022.

Thank you so much, and we look forward to your feedback.

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|kwuo]]) 12:40, 12 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC) On hehalf of the WMF Language team.

:Dear @[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] thank you for the update. Speaking for myself and from feedback from other community members, Flores has more accurate translations than Google Translate and we would prefer to keep Flores as default.
:Thank you! [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 15:54, 12 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)
::Thank you @[[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] for the feedback. This means we will not be reverting to Google since the community prefers Flores because it is more accurate. We will leave Flores as the default Machine Translation, while the Google Machine translation will be optional.
::Best regards. [[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|kwuo]]) 19:06, 12 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)

== &quot;Talk page&quot; ==

Hi!

At a translatewiki training on July 30, there was a side discussion about the right word to use for &quot;Talk&quot;, &quot;Talk page&quot;, &quot;Discussion&quot;, etc.

&quot;Talk page&quot; refers to pages on which editors discuss the following things:
* The article—how to write it, what to include, what to exclude, what terminology to use, etc.
* General Wikipedia matters—policies, style, appointing administrators, etc.
* Direct conversations with users (&quot;user talk page&quot;).

As a general comment, in English, the words &quot;discussion&quot; and &quot;talk&quot; are used for this, but it's actually the same thing, and can be translated with the same word in Igbo.

The words that I can see here are:
* Mkparita ụka
* nkàta
* Akíkó
* Nkpata okà
* Kuwa akíkó
* kwuo
* okwu

There may also be other words that I haven't noticed.

I recommend choosing consistent translations for &quot;talk&quot; and &quot;talk page&quot;, and using them consistently. [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|kwuo]]) 11:05, 31 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)

:Thank you for this recommendation @[[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amire80]]. Best, [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 14:40, 5 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

== Atụmatụ ịgbanwe aha &quot;talk spaces&quot; anyị  ==

Ndewo ụmụnne! Ọ ga-amasị m ịtụ aro ka anyị gbanwee aha 'talk spaces' n'asụsụ Igbo site na &quot;Okwu&quot; gaa na &quot;Ṅkàtá&quot;, n'ihi na ọ dị m ka &quot;Ṅkàtá&quot; na-akọwa ọrụ ya nke ọma karịa 'Okwu'. Ewelitere nke a n'oge usoro nkwado maka Wiktionary Igbo na Wikiquote na Meta. Iji gbanwee nke a, anyị kwesịrị igosi ebe anyị nwere nkwenye maka ngbanwe a, yabụ biko kwupụta echiche gị banyere mgbanwe a n'okpuru - ọ bụrụ na ịnwere nkwenye maka ngbanwe a n'ime izu ole na ole a n'abia, anyị nwere ike ịrịọ ka ha gbanwee ya. Ọ bụrụ na anyị kpebie ịgbanwe aha ndị ahụ, aha ochie nọ ebe a ga-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na njikọ, mana ọ gaghị abụ aha na-egosipụta na ibe okwu. Mee ka m mara ihe ị chere! Ya gazie! [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 15:01, 5 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

:Ọ ga adị ezigbo mkpa ma ha mgbanwe ibe okwu dị na Wikipidia anyị. E kweyere m nke ọma ka e mee mgbanwe a. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|kwuo]]) 15:12, 5 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
::Imeela na nzaghachi gị @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 11:18, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 
(UTC)

:Ọ di mmá kà anyị gbanwee áhà ndi a. E kwenyere m. [[Ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|Kingsley Nkem]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|kwuo]]) 08:35, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
::Ndewo na nkwado gị @[[Ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|Kingsley Nkem]] [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 11:18, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

:E kwenyere m na mgbanwe aha a n'ihi na &quot;Nkàta&quot; ka kọwaa ya karịa &quot;okwu. [[Ọbanife:Uzoejinwa|Uzoejinwa]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Uzoejinwa|kwuo]]) 9:22, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

:A nam eche na &quot;Nkàtá&quot; kọwara ihe a na-ekwu maka ya karịa &quot;Okwu&quot;. N'ihi nke a, e kwenyere m na mgbanwe a. [[Ọbanife:Timzy D&amp;#39;Great|Timzy D&amp;#39;Great]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Timzy D&amp;#39;Great|kwuo]]) 08:49, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
::Eziokwu ka ikwuru @[[Ọbanife:Timzy D'Great|Timzy D'Great]] [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 11:19, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

:Ọ bụ ihe ziri ezi ime ya bụ ḿgbánwè. &quot;Ńkàtá&quot; kasịrị daba adaba nke ọma karịa &quot;Okwu&quot;. Ekwenyere m na nke ahụ. [[Ọbanife:Daberechi16|Dabere16]]
([[Okwu Ọbanife: Daberechi16|kwuo]]) 11:02, 6 Satọnafọ 2022 (UTC)

:Ọ dị mma maka &quot;Nkàta&quot; bụ aha ya kpọmkwem ma kakwa wee kọwaa ya nke oma karịa &quot;okwu. [[Ọbanife:Onyinyeonuoha|Achukwu Onyinye]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Onyinyeonuoha|kwuo]]) 1:11, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

: This change is a welcome development since it is a known fact that language is dynamic; hence Igbo language is no exception to this dynamism and as such, ''Nkata'' captures the content of the discussion. [[Ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|kwuo]]) 13:37, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
:Ọ di mmá kà anyị gbanwee áhà ndi a. E kwenyere m na nke a [[Ọbanife:Lebron jay|Lebron jay]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Lebron jay|kwuo]]) 14:04, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

:E kwenyere m ka a gbanwee áhà a site N'okwụ baa na ńkàtá maka ọ dabara nke ọma. [[Jabinekene:Ekene Amaechi|Ekene Amaechi]]  04:00, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

I agree to the change of the name ọ f &quot;Talk Places&quot; to &quot;Nkata&quot; because it gives to real meaning of the word in Igbo Language rather than&quot;talk&quot; [[Ọbanife:Chikeme Chizurum|Chikeme Chizurum]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Chikeme Chizurum|kwuo]]) 02:55, 8 Ọnwa asatọ  2022 (UTC)

==Usoro ọdide asụsụ Igbo==
===Ndakọrịta Udaume (Vowel Harmony)===
Ndakọrịta Udaume bụ usoro iwu odide Igbo wubere na ụdaume Igbo ga-agbaso mgbe eji ha emebe mkpụrụokwu maọbụ ekwu okwu.
N'asụsụ Igbo e nwere ụdaume asatọ, Ha bụ '''''a e i ị o ọ u ụ'''''. E kere Ụdaume ndị a ụzọ abụọ .
1) Ụdamfe/Otu A: a  ị  ọ  ụ. Otu A nwere kpọm n'okpuru ha ma ewepụ a
2) Ụdaarọ/Otu E: e  i  o  u. Otu E enweghị kpọm n'okpuru ha
Iwu megidere na mgbe ọbụla ụdaume si n'otu nke ọbula na-emebe okwu, mara na mkpụrụokwu ahụ ga ejupụta na ụdaume si n'otu ahụ.
Ọmụmaatụ: 
Okwu ndị si n'Otu A---
Ọgụ (fight)
Ụdọ (rope)
Azịza (broom)
ịgba (Drum) 
          
Okwu ndị si n'Otu E---
Ezi (Pig) 
Udo (peace)
Iko (Cup)
Olulu (Pit)
===Ede ụdaume na-ada iwu ndakọrịta===
1) Aha mmadụ:
Ọbiageli
Ijeọma
Chigaekwu
Chukwuma 
wee dịrị gawa
2) Okwu ọkpụ: Okwu ndị nna anyị ha na-ekwu ọkpụtọrọkpụ dịka: Ngaji
                                                            Omenala
                                                            Dibịa
                                                            Ụdaume
Ọ dị mkpa ịghọta iwu ndakọrịta Ụdaume nke ọma iji mata ma ghọta ụfọdụ mgbanwe dị n'ụtọasụsụ Igbo.

== STUDY ON WHY WIKIPEDIA IS NOT BEING USED IN NIGERIAN CLASSROOM ==
The Igbo Language and Culture Institute has applied for a project to conduct a research on Overcoming Challenges of Introducing Wikipedia in Nigeria Classroom. your suggestions will be appreciated. --[[Ọbanife:Obihoja|Obihoja]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Obihoja|kwuo]]) 10:36, 19 Ọgọọst 2022 (UTC)

== The name of this page ==

Hi!

What should be the name of this page: &quot;Nzọr ogbako&quot;, &quot;Ogbako otú&quot;, or something else? [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|kwuo]]) 07:40, 23 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

== Namespace names ==

Hi,

I spoke to @[[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]], and she found many mistakes in the names of namespaces on this wiki.

This problem needs a thorough solution. As a first step, I'd love to know the Igbo Wikipedia's community opinion about several terms. For each of the following terms, there must be one consistent term used everywhere, because all these words are very common and important:

;Special
:This must be the translation of the word &quot;special&quot; in &quot;special page&quot;. (The word &quot;page&quot; is not needed, only &quot;special&quot;.) The current translation is &quot;Ihü kárírí&quot;, and it's probably incorrect. Oby Ezeilo's suggestion is &quot;Ọpụrụiche&quot;.
;Talk ''or'' Discussion
:&quot;Talk pages&quot; or &quot;Discussion pages&quot; are pages where editors have discussions about articles or about other topics. For example, &quot;Talk:Nigeria&quot; is the talk page of the article &quot;Nigeria&quot;, and &quot;User talk:Amire80&quot; is the personal talk page of User:Amire80. In English, the words &quot;Talk&quot; and &quot;Discussion&quot; are both used, but it's the same thing, so you can use one word in Igbo. The current translation is &quot;Okwu&quot;, and Oby Ezeilo's suggestion is &quot;Ńkàtá&quot;.
;User
:A user is anyone who uses the wiki as a reader or an editor. The current word is &quot;Ọbanife&quot;. Oby Ezeilo recommends the word &quot;Ojiarụ&quot;.
;File
:Files on Wikipedia usually store photos, videos, or documents. The current word is &quot;Usòrò&quot;, and it's probably wrong. What should be the correct translation?
;Template
:A template is a piece of text or code that can be embedded in other pages. Common examples of templates are infoboxes, citations, tags at the top of the article, etc. The current word is &quot;Àtụ&quot;. Is it good?
;Help
:Help pages are pages that explain how to use Wikipedia. Some examples of English-language help pages: [[:w:en:Help:Recent changes|Help:Recent changes]], [[:w:en:Help:Table|Help:Table]], etc. The current word is &quot;Nkwadọ&quot;, and Oby Ezeilo recommends &quot;Enyemaka&quot;.
;Category
:A category is a group of pages that have a similar topic. For example, the Wikipedia articles about [[:w:en:Leymah Gbowee|Leymah Gbowee]], [[:w:en:Andrei Sakharov|Andrei Sakharov]], and [[:w:en:Alva Myrdal|Alva Myrdal]] all belong to the &quot;Nobel Peace Prize laureates&quot; category in the English Wikipedia, and are automatically listed on that category's page: [[:w:en:Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates|Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates]]. The current word is &quot;Òtù&quot;, and Oby Ezeilo recommends &quot;Katigori&quot;.

What do other Igbo Wikipedia editors think? How should these words be written in Igbo?

Here's the list again, briefly:
* Special
* Talk
* User
* File
* Template
* Help
* Category

Please reply here.

Once everyone agrees on these terms' translation, it will be possible to write correct translations for all the namespace names.

Thank you! :) [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|kwuo]]) 08:13, 23 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

:Hello Amir, thank you for this question. After so much deliberation in our community, we voted this: 


Here's the list, 

* Special -Ọpụrụiche
* Talk - Ṅkàtá
* User -Ojiarụ
* File -Faịlụ
* Template -Templeeti 
* Help -Enyemaka
* Category - Otú
Thank you!
[[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 17:04, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

:I highly support the introduction of these newly translated words. [[Ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|Kingsley Nkem]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|kwuo]]) 18:21, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)
:I Strongly support the use of these terms Tochiprecious listed above. Thanks [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|kwuo]]) 18:22, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

I am in support of the names translation, because it will be of a great help to our community.
[[Ọbanife: Senator Choko|Senator Choko]] ([[Okwu ọbanife: Senator Choko|kwuo]]) 18:16, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

:Effecting these changes on the page will make it more understandable to the users. I'm in support of these new developments. [[Ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|kwuo]]) 18:03, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)
::I support this.. I support the new name translation brought up here [[Ọbanife:Sayvhior|Sayvhior]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Sayvhior|kwuo]]) 19:55, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

::I support those new translations to be put to use.  [[Ọbanife:Daberechi16|Daberechi16]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Daberechi16|kwuo]]) 12:36, 25 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

:I strongly support these changes as it makes them more understandable. [[Ọbanife:Timzy D&amp;#39;Great|Timzy D&amp;#39;Great]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Timzy D&amp;#39;Great|kwuo]]) 09:06, 25 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

== Upcoming vote on the revised Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct ==

Hello all,

In mid-January 2023, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] for the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] will undergo a second community-wide ratification vote. This follows [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting/Results|the March 2022 vote]], which resulted in a majority of voters supporting the Enforcement Guidelines. During the vote, participants helped highlight important community concerns. The Board’s [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] requested that these areas of concern be reviewed.

The volunteer-led [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Revisions_Committee_members|Revisions Committee]] worked hard reviewing community input and making changes. They updated areas of concern, such as training and affirmation requirements, privacy and transparency in the process, and readability and translatability of the document itself.

The revised Enforcement Guidelines can be viewed '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|here]]''', and a comparison of changes can be found '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Comparison|here]]'''.

'''How to vote?'''

Beginning '''January 17, 2023''', voting will be open. '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|This page on Meta-wiki]]''' outlines information on how to vote using SecurePoll.

'''Who can vote?'''

The '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information#Voting_eligibility|eligibility requirements]]''' for this vote are the same as for the Wikimedia Board of Trustees elections. See the voter information page for more details about voter eligibility. If you are an eligible voter, you can use your Wikimedia account to access the voting server.

'''What happens after the vote?'''

Votes will be scrutinized by an independent group of volunteers, and the results will be published on Wikimedia-l, the Movement Strategy Forum, Diff and on Meta-wiki. Voters will again be able to vote and share concerns they have about the guidelines. The Board of Trustees will look at the levels of support and concerns raised as they look at how the Enforcement Guidelines should be ratified or developed further.

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team, 

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 08:59, 10 Jenụwarị 2023 (UTC)

== Universal Code of Conduct revised enforcement guidelines vote results ==

The recent community-wide vote on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct revised Enforcement Guidelines]] has been tallied and scrutinized. Thank you to everyone who participated.

After 3097 voters from 146 Wikimedia communities voted, the results are 76% in support of the Enforcement Guidelines, and 24% in opposition. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voting_statistics|Statistics]] for the vote are available. A more detailed summary of comments submitted during the vote will be published soon.

From here, the results and comments collected during this vote will be submitted to the Board of Trustees for their review. The current expectation is that the Board of Trustees review process will complete in March 2023. We will update you when their review process is completed.

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 22:54, 16 Febụwarị 2023 (UTC)

== Community feedback cycle about updating the Wikimedia Terms of use starts ==

Hello everyone,

[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department|Wikimedia Foundation Legal Department]] is organizing a feedback-cycle with community members to discuss updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use.

[[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Terms_of_Use|The Terms of Use (ToU)]] are the legal terms that govern the use of websites hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. We will be gathering your feedback on a draft proposal from February through April. The draft will be translated into several languages, with written feedback accepted in any language.

This update comes in response to several things:

* Implementing the Universal Code of Conduct
* Updating project text to the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license
* Proposal for better addressing undisclosed paid editing
* Bringing our terms in line with current and recently passed laws affecting the Foundation, including the European Digital Services Act

As part of the feedback cycle two office hours will be held, the first on March 2, the second on April 4.

For further information, please consult:

* The [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Proposed_update|proposed update of the ToU by comparison]]
* The page for your [[metawiki:Talk:Terms_of_use|feedback]]
* Information about [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours|the office hours]]

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 13:00, 21 Febụwarị 2023 (UTC)

== Reminder: Office hours about updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use ==

: ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours/Reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
: [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours/Reminder|More languages]] ''•'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Legal+department%2F2023+ToU+updates%2FOffice+hours%2FReminder&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= Please help translate to your language]

Hello everyone,

This a reminder that the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department|Wikimedia Foundation Legal Department]] is hosting [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours|office hours]] with community members about [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Proposed_update|updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use]].

The office hours will be held today, '''March 2, from 17:00 UTC to 18:30 UTC.''' See for more [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours|details here on Meta]].

Another office hours will be held on April 4.

We hereby kindly invite you to participate in the discussion. Please note that this meeting will be held in English language and led by the members of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team, who will take and answer your questions. Facilitators from the Movement Strategy and Governance Team will provide the necessary assistance and other meeting-related services.

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 11:55, 2 Maachị 2023 (UTC)

== Board of Trustees have ratified the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines ==
: ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement_-_Board_ratification|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
: [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement_-_Board_ratification|More languages]] ''•'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FRevised+enforcement+guidelines%2FAnnouncement+-+Board+ratification&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= Please help translate to your language]

Hello all, an important update on the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines:

The vote on the Enforcement Guidelines in January 2023 showed a majority approval of the Enforcement Guidelines. There were 369 comments received and a detailed summary of the comments will be published shortly. Just over three-thousand (3097) voters voted and 76% approved of the Enforcement Guidelines. You can view the '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voting_statistics|vote statistics on Meta-wiki]]'''.

As the support increased, this signifies to the Board that the current version has addressed some of the issues indicated during the last review in 2022. The Board of Trustees voted to ratify the Enforcement Guidelines. The [[foundation:Resolution:Approval_of_Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Enforcement_Guidelines|resolution can be found on Foundation wiki]] and you can read more about the [[wmfblog:2023/03/21/the-enforcement-guidelines-received-strong-support-from-the-community-what-happens-next/|process behind the 2023 Enforcement Guidelines review on Diff.]]

There are some next steps to take with the important recommendations provided by the Enforcement Guidelines. More details will come soon about timelines. Thank you for your interest and participation.

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 22:01, 23 Maachị 2023 (UTC)

== Elections Committee: Call for New Members ==

Hello everyone,

The [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Wikimedia Foundation elections committee]] (Elections Committee) is, from today until April 24, seeking an additional 2–4 members to help facilitate the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustee (Board) selection process.

The 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election is being planned. New members are invited to join the Elections Committee. The Elections Committee oversees the Board of Trustees community seat selection process. Join the committee and contribute your valuable skills and ideas to the Trustee selection process.

There are eight community- and affiliate-selected seats on [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_of_Trustees|the Wikimedia Foundation Board]]. The wider Wikimedia community votes for community members to occupy these seats. In 2024, the Elections Committee will oversee this selection process for the community- and affiliate-selected seats with expiring terms. This process will be supported by the Wikimedia Foundation.

Elections Committee members sign up for three-year terms and will be asked to [[phab:L37|sign a confidentiality agreement]]. Members can expect to contribute 2–5 hours per week before the selection process and 5–8 hours per week during the selection process.

As an Elections Committee member, you will be responsible for:

* Attending online meetings between now and the next election (mid-2024)
* Attending onboarding and online training in May–June 2023
* Working with the Committee to fulfill its [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Elections_Committee_Charter|other responsibilities]]

New members should have the following qualities:

* Fluency in English
* Responsiveness to email collaboration
* Knowledge of the movement and movement governance

If you would like to volunteer for this role, please '''submit your candidacy by April 24, 2023 23:59 [[:en:Anywhere_on_Earth|AoE (Anywhere on Earth)]] on [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Nominations/2023|this Meta-Wiki page]]'''.

You can [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Wikimedia_Foundation_Elections_Committee_-_2023_Call_for_New_Members|'''read the full announcement here''']]. Thank you in advance for your interest! If you are not interested but know someone who might be, share this message with them. Please let me know if you have questions.

On behalf of the Elections Committee,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 22:16, 14 Eprel 2023 (UTC)

== End of the Movement Charter ratification methodology community review ==

Hello,

The Movement Charter Drafting Committee has concluded its first community review of the methodology draft, which will be used to ratify the Movement Charter in 2024.

This community review included [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement_Charter|feedback collection on Meta]], on the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charter-ratification-methodology-community-review-from-10-28-april-2023/2930/6 Movement Strategy forum] as well as two [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation|conversation hours]] with communities and one conversation with the Committees of the Wikimedia projects. MCDC greatly appreciates everyone's input. The recording of the ratification methodology presentation is here and [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation/Notes_and_documentation|documentation can be accessed here]]. The timeline of the next steps of the methodology is [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AMC_Ratification_Methodology_-_April_2023.pdf&amp;page=33 provided here].

The WMF support team will produce a report on the community input in May. MCDC will incorporate the feedback and share an updated version of the ratification methodology in August 2023. The MCDC will continue to outreach to stakeholders regarding the updated methodology in late 2023.

Thank you for your participation!

On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 16:40, 3 Mee 2023 (UTC)

==Dates==
I've fixed up the templates {{Tlx|Birth date and age}} {{Tlx|Death date and age}} and possibly a few more to use Igbo month names.  

* I need to translate &quot;aged&quot; as in &quot;Nwürü	11 Novemba 2002 (aged 82)&quot;.  What word should I use?
* I've used Eprelụ should this be Eprel?

Let me know if there are any problems and I'll do my best to fix them.

[[Ọbanife:Rich Farmbrough|Rich Farmbrough]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Rich Farmbrough|ṅkátá]]) 21:35, 13 Maachị 2024 (UTC)

== Ozi maka atụmatụ ndi Wikimedia Foundation nke afọ 2024-25 ==

Ndewo nụ ndi nkem!

Ndi Wikimedia Foundation ebidola ihazi atụmatụ na ebumunuche ga eduzi ọrụ anyi ndi Wikimedia na afọ 2024-25. Eji mụ ohere na egosi  anyi  ozi onye isi nke Prodọktụ na Teknọlọji onye nke a na akpọ Selena Deckelmann dere gbasara atụmatụ na ebumunuche afọ ọhuru anyi na abanye na Wikimedia. Ndi Wikimedia Foundation si na ọdi oke mkpa ka anyi gụọ ebumunuche ha maka afọ 2024-25 ma gwa ha uche gi, ma jụọ kwa ha ajụjụ gbasara atụmatụ na ebumunuche ha deputara. Inwere ike iji asụsụ ọbula di gi nma (igbo ma ọbu na English) ide puta uche gi ma juọ ha ajụjụ ebea. 

[[User:UOzurumba_(WMF)| UOzurumba (WMF)]], ma ọbụ Mazi [[User:Udehb-WMF|Benedict]] ga elegide ihụ akwụkwọ a, ma nyere aka ziruo ha ozi, ma zaa ajuju ọbula inwere. Biko guọ ozi ya ebea, ma ọbụ ebe nzisa ozi nke [[wmfblog:2024/02/20/thinking-about-annual-planning-in-the-wikimedia-foundations-product-and-technology-department/|Diff]] na nke ọzọ a na akpọ [[metawiki:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Meta]].


Daalụ nụ! -[[Ọbanife:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Udehb-WMF|ṅkátá]]) 17:35, 14 Maachị 2024 (UTC)

== Making Google translate the default machine translation support in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo n&lt;u&gt;ụ&lt;/u&gt; ndi Igbo Wikipedians!

Apologies, as this message is not in your language. &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Please-translate}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] proposes temporarily making Google Translate the default machine translation for your Wikipedia. Some months ago we set MinT, the new Wikimedia Foundation machine translation service, as the default for your language. However, we plan to revert this change. This is because we are [[phab:T363563|working on improving the reference support]] and fixing some bugs causing referencing issues when using MinT to translate.

During this period, contributors can still use the MinT by selecting it as an optional service. However, we want to limit its use to reduce the effect of using it as it is thereby imposing more work on translators to correct the issues manually. 

Please let us know in this thread if your community objects to our proposal and would rather have MinT as default, irrespective of our improvement plans. Rest assured, changing the default machine translation support is a temporary measure. We will notify you once we finish [[phab:T363569|the work]] and revert to MinT.

We appreciate your understanding and cooperation on this change. Daalụ nụ!

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 19:19, 30 Eprel 2024 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.

:@[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] Thank you for the information, I am in support making Google translate temporarily the default machine translation for our Wikipedia. [[User:Akwugo|Akwugo]] ([[User talk:Akwugo|talk]])  20:54, 30 Eprel 2024 (UTC)
:Dear @[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]], thanks for the heads-up. I believe the Google translate can be temporarily used for the Igbo Wikipedia - but to be changed as soon as possible the MinT is up. [[Ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|ṅkátá]]) 04:08, 1 Mee 2024 (UTC)
:Thanks @[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] for this notice. The referencing errors also occur while using Google Translate... It's a good thing your team is working towards fixing these errors, you can go ahead with the plan. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 07:30, 1 Mee 2024 (UTC)
:Thank you, @[[Ọbanife:Akwugo|Akwugo]], @[[Ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] and @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]], for your response. I will let the WMF Language team know your take on this. 
:Best regards
:[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 19:20, 1 Mee 2024 (UTC)

== Plans to enable MinT for Wiki readers in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo ndi Igbo Wikipedians,

The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] has been working on [[mw:MinT#MinT_for_wiki_readers|MinT for Wiki Readers]]. This feature will allow communities to access more content that is only available in other languages with machine translation in Wikipedia. The initial version of this feature is ready, and we would like the Igbo Wikipedia to be the first to test and have this feature since the Igbo community has been using MinT frequently to create translations. For this, our team would like you to read about the feature and [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ih%C3%BC_k%C3%A1r%C3%ADr%C3%AD:AutomaticTranslation '''test it'''] so you can:

* Ask us questions
* Tell us how to improve the feature
* Give us your feedback on enabling it in your Wikipedia

'''About the feature'''

The MinT for Wiki Readers is a feature that will allow readers of Igbo Wikipedia to expand their reading options and knowledge beyond the language they are familiar with in Wikipedia. For instance, if someone is interested in a topic or content that only exists in the Japanese language and the person is not familiar with the language. While using the mobile web version of Wikipedia, the reader can access the machine translation version of that content in the Igbo language from the language selector or the article's footer (as shown in the image below). 
{{Gallery
| align        = center
| height       =450
| width        =200
| whitebg      = no
| noborder     = yes
| File:MinT MVP Language Selector entry point video.webm|Language selector entry point.
| File:MinT_MVP_Article_footer_entry_point.png|Article footer entry point
}}

These machine-generated translations of content are clearly identified as such, and the human-created content is surfaced and recommended if available.

This feature is in its initial development. It is an early and functional version, and many aspects will be improved based on your community member's feedback on what works and what can be improved to better support your needs as readers.

'''How to try the tool'''

Before we enable this feature in your Wikipedia by the 17th June 2024, we invite members of your community to try MinT for Wiki Readers in Igbo Wikipedia at [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:AutomaticTranslation Special:AutomaticTranslation] and give us early feedback in this thread or on [[mw:Talk:MinT#Feedback_from_the_Igbo_Wikipedians_about_MinT_for_Wikipedia_Readers|this talk page]]. Our team would like to know your impression on:

* How do you use the feature
* Anything we should consider for our plans to enable it?
* Your ideas for improving it.

We greatly appreciate your time and effort in testing this tool. We eagerly look forward to your valuable feedback and questions, which will be instrumental in the further development of this feature. Thank you.

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 20:06, 10 Jụn 2024 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.

== Temporary accounts may be rolled out in late October ==

Hello everyone. We are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product|Trust and Safety Product]] team, working on digital security and online privacy issues. We are here to let you know about [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts|temporary accounts for unregistered (logged-out) editors]]. '''Later this month, we will be rolling them out on several pilot wikis, who will have the chance to test and share comments to improve the feature before it is deployed on all wikis in mid-2025.'''

'''This change is especially relevant to the logged-out editors and the more experienced community members like patrollers and admins – anyone who uses IP addresses when blocking users and keeping the wikis safe.'''

'''Based on data we have analyzed, we believe that Igbo Wikipedia is a great candidate for being a pilot.''' We wanted to share more about what temporary accounts are, what change they bring, why we think you would be a good piloting community, and what we can do together to make sure this change goes smoothly for everyone affected.

'''Legal mandate for this work'''

The Foundation’s Legal team requires that we change the ways in which logged-out editors interact with the wikis, and how their personal data is handled. The result is the creation of temporary accounts. We are doing it to keep up with legal changes and with the ways many people expect websites to operate, and to minimize risks to logged-out editors. ([[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/FAQ#Why_are_you_working_on_temporary_accounts_at_all?|See more on the legal aspect in our FAQ]] and the [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/Updates/Legal#July_2021|2021 update from the Legal team]].)

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb|400px]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: ~2024-1234567 (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after the account creation date. As long as the cookie exists, all edits made by this user from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

What does this mean for different groups of users?

{{hidden|For logged-out editors|ta1 = left|bg1 = #eaecf0|
* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.
}}
{{hidden|For community members interacting with logged-out editors|ta1 = left|bg1 = #eaecf0|
* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.
}}
{{hidden|For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki|ta1 = left|bg1 = #eaecf0|
* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range (&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Special:IPContributions]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/IP_Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mediawikiwiki:Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* We are and will be working with other users with advanced permissions, like stewards.  With useful feedback from these users, we have updated tools and scheduled deployments around these updates.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.
}}

'''Why we think the Igbo Wikipedia community will be a good pilot'''

In late October, we aim to deploy on approximately 10 small and medium-sized wikis. The goal is to ensure all critical functionality (patroller workflows, tools etc.) for temporary accounts work as expected. For that to happen, we want to make sure that people are comfortable with the changed functionality. We will do our best to support the piloting communities. After deploying and improving the functionality, we will keep temporary accounts here, and later, roll them out on more wikis.

We have pre-selected potential good pilots based on different factors. For example, we considered the following statistics and technical limitations: numbers of active IPs, editors, admins, IP edits per month, and lack of blockers related to the configuration of a given wiki. Human connections are even more important, and by that, we mean: availability of colleagues like @[[Ọbanife:Udehb-WMF|Benedict]], potential ambassadors and technical members of the respective communities, and communication with affiliates and hubs and their community support projects. Based on all these factors, we believe that Igbo Wikipedia will be a good pilot.

'''What we would ask of you and next steps'''

* If you'd like to learn more about temporary accounts, please ask! We will gladly address your questions, suggestions, and other thoughts!
* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/For_developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/For_developers#How_should_I_update_my_code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options, including not piloting here on Igbo Wikipedia.

Before we deploy on the first pilots, we will complete some work. This includes creating a new public dashboard presenting the impact of temporary accounts on communities ([[phab:T357763|T357763]]), building a mechanism which will automatically give the eligible users the right to reveal IP addresses ([[phab:T327913|T327913]]), and [[phab:project/view/7289/|some other tasks]].

To learn more about the project, check out [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/Updates|look at the latest updates]] and [[mediawikiwiki:Newsletter:T&amp;S_Product_projects|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you! [[User:NKohli_(WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]] and [[Ọbanife:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 23:14, 4 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)

== Proposal to enable the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in Igbo Wikipedia ==

{{Int:Hello}} Igbo Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called &quot;Contribute&quot; to your Wikipedia.

The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia.

Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Igbo Wikipedia.

'''Who can access it'''

Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the &quot;Contribute&quot; icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to &quot;view contributions&quot; is also available to access the list of your contributions.

[[Faịlụ:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]]                             [[Faịlụ:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]]

For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the &quot;Contributions&quot; option unless they change it to the &quot;Contribute&quot; manually.

This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the &quot;Contributions&quot; entry point as default.          

We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 20th November 2024.

We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in your Wikipedia.

We look forward to your response soon.

Thank you!

On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Ojiarụ:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 01:38, 7 Novemba 2024 (UTC)

== An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool ==

{{Int:hello}} Igbo Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=es&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en#/ Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device.

With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below.
[[Faịlụ:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the &quot;For you&quot; and &quot;...More&quot; buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups (&quot;Create new pages&quot; and &quot;Expand with new sections&quot;)-one for each activity.]]
[[Faịlụ:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]]
We will implement this improvement on your wiki '''on Monday, March 10th, 2025''' and subsequently for other Wikipedias. We plan to roll it out on all wikis and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''.

We look forward to your feedback after using the new dashboard. Please reach out with any questions regarding your experience with the enhanced dashboard in this thread.

Thank you!

On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. [[Ojiarụ:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 06:03, 5 Maachị 2025 (UTC)

== Please block Donaldbert ==

Please block [[Ojiarụ:Donaldbert]] for their actions at [[Vargaći]], recreating a previously-deleted item and removing deletion tags. Note that this user also edits as [[Ojiarụ:Berlindrag]] and is indefinitely blocked at Wikidata for abuse of multiple accounts and promotion of this entity. [[Ojiarụ:Bovlb|Bovlb]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Bovlb|ṅkátá]]) 16:50, 4 Jụn 2025 (UTC)

:It looks like they may also be editing as [[Ojiarụ:Smith.886]]. [[Ojiarụ:Bovlb|Bovlb]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Bovlb|ṅkátá]]) 18:56, 4 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
:{{done}} [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 23:23, 5 Jụn 2025 (UTC)

== Ndozi ntụgharị asụsụ ==

Ndewo ndi Igbo Wikipedians. Ana m atụ aro ka anyị dezie ntụgharị asụsụ nke “Talk” site na Ṅkàtá iji gosipụta nke ọma ka Ńkàtá. Nke a ga-akwalite nhazi ọkwa ma melite ogo na ọrụ a. Biko kwadoo arịrịọ a.  Daalụ [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 14:24, 17 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC))
* A kwadosiri m árò a ike maka nchekwa asụsụ Igbo. Nke ọbụla a na-asụpe, a sụpee ya ọfụma [[Ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|ṅkátá]]) 19:07, 17 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

:A kwadoro m nhazi a, n’ihi na nsụpe nke a bụ nke kacha mma. Daalụnụ  [[User:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sayvhior&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 19:49, 17 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Ana m akwado nke a makana ọ bu ihe dị mma.  [[Ọpụrụiche:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-29202-75|&amp;#126;2025-29202-75]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:&amp;#126;2025-29202-75|talk]]) 03:55, 18 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Ana m akwado nke a makana ọ bu ihe dị mma [[Ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|Philip Emeka]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|ṅkátá]]) 05:48, 18 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Ana m akwado ya nke ukwuu maka na ọ tozuru ya [[Ojiarụ: Iwuala Chisom|Iwuala Chisom]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Iwuala Chisom|ṅkátá]]) 08:11, 18 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

*Ana m akwado nke a makana ọ bu ihe dị mma. [[User:Senator Choko|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Senator Choko&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Senator Choko|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 21:35, 18 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

:A na m akwado nhazi a. Ọ bụ ezigbo arọ  [[Ojiarụ:Epiphanus Jide|Epiphanus Jide]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Epiphanus Jide|ṅkátá]]) 18:19, 19 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

== Will you help us test an updated Databox? ==

''Apologies for posting in English - you can help by translating it''

Hello everyone, recently an update has been made to the [[Module:Databox|Module:Databox]] / [[Template:Databox|Template:Databox]] page with the following changes:

* A Wikidata logo and link to the connected Wikidata Item


* New parameters &lt;code&gt;useImage=&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;excludeProperties=&lt;/code&gt; can be invoked in the source code to give a greater degree of control on what the Databox displays.
** '''&lt;code&gt;useImage=&lt;/code&gt;''' choose a different [[d:Property:P18|image(P18)]] to display in the Databox.&lt;br&gt; Example: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Databox|useImage=Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field_part d.jpg}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
** '''&lt;code&gt;excludeParameters=&lt;/code&gt;''' hides selected Properties (and values) in from displaying in the current Databox.&lt;br&gt;Example: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Databox|excludeProperties=P1290,P66}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 

* The parameters can be combined, separated by a pipe |:&lt;br&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code&gt;Databox|'''useImage='''image_file.jpg|'''excludeProperties='''P123}}&lt;/code&gt;

=== How can you help? ===
Please help us by playing with the new features, adding Databoxes to Articles and using the new parameters (if it is good for the article). Mostly we just want to collect feedback on whether this is a positive change, is useful, interrupts your editing workflows and / or causes any issues or bugs.

Only the first change (Wikidata Logo+Link) will automatically apply to existing Databoxes (may take upto 30 days from this post) or after any edit to a page with a Databox (including null-edits).

The two Parameters will only show if the &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Databox}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; wikitext is edited with the new parameter code.&lt;br&gt;[[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox#Changes_to_Databox|Find instructions to do that here]].&lt;br&gt;
Any questions, please feel free to reply here or add them to the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox|Talk page]].&lt;br&gt;
Thank you, - [[Ojiarụ:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|ṅkátá]]) 18:25, 4 Novemba 2025 (UTC) on behalf of the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] Team

== Invitation to a survey ==

Dear contributors to Wikipedia in Igbo,

Apologies for posting in English! 

My name is Mali, and as a part of my PhD program at the University of Oslo, Norway, I am investigating young language communities from less digitized languages on Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects.

I have previously spoken to some contributors from the Igbo community, and it has been really interesting. Now I wish to expand my understanding of this community by inviting you to take a survey about your experiences as Wikipedia-editors.  

You find the survey here: https://nettskjema.no/a/577121

The survey should take around 10  minutes. I invite you to write freely about your experiences in the open questions.   

If you complete the survey before the 15&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; of December you have the possibility to win an electronic gift card worth 10 USD. Winners will be contacted directly after the survey. 


Feel free to contact me for further questions, directly on Wiki or on my email malikb@ifi.uio.no

Thank you! [[Ojiarụ:Malikbr|Malikbr]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Malikbr|ṅkátá]]) 11:49, 9 Disemba 2025 (UTC)

== Ọkwa maka bot flag request ==

Ndewo nnụ 👋

E tinyela m 'bot flag request' maka nnabata onye ohuru na Igbo Wikipedia.
Bot a ga-enye aka nabata ndị ọrụ ọhụrụ ma duzie ha otu ha ga-esi malite itinye aka.
Biko lelee ya ma kesaa echiche unu:
👉[[Wikipedia:Bots/Requests_for_approval/DolphybBot]]

Daalụ 🙏  [[Ojiarụ:Dolphyb|Dolphyb]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Dolphyb|ṅkátá]]) 13:42, 8 Eprel 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ooxbnlu8adecu0gfvsyzflkw7kb234b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ayten Amer</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>16882</id>
    <revision>
      <id>629168</id>
      <parentid>191148</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-09T02:32:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Wooze</username>
        <id>16810</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>629168</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2426" sha1="cpo1vfyxx8s7w7oadeubcyti05sp8tc" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
 
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Ayten Amer''' (amụrụ '''Samar Ahmed Abd El Ghaffar Amer''', 22 Nọvemba 1981, Alexandria, Egypt) bụ [[Actor|onye]] Egypt na-eme ihe nkiri.

== Ọrụ ==
Amer kwagara Cairo mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ. O mechara mụọ ime ihe nkiri na iduzi ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nlereanya, nke nyeere ya aka imeri egwu ya maka igwefoto. Ọrụ mbụ ya bụ na ''Hadret El Motaham Aby'' (Mr. Guilty is My Father), ya na [[Nour El-Sherif|Nour El Sherif]].

== Ndụ onwe ya ==
Amer bụ nwanne nwanyị onye na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Wafaa Amer, ma nwee otu nwa nwanyị, Ayten Ezzelarab.
[[Usòrò:Ayten_Amer.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|'''Ayten Amer''' (2020)]]

== Ihe nkiri ==

* Sukkar Mor
* Elleila Elkebira
* Zana'et Settat
* Salem Abu Okhto
* Betawqit Elqahera
* Ihe Ncheta nke Ụgbọala
* Ala Gothety
* Harag anyị Marag&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/dubai-review-chaos-disorder-harag-404130 Dubai Review: Chaos, Disorder (Harag W' Marag)]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Hasal Kh'eer
* Sa3a anyị
* Banat ElA'm
* Ya t'addi, Ya T-haddi&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.albawaba.com/entertainment/ayten-amer-needs-your-help-title-her-new-movie-860928 Ayten Amer needs YOUR help with a title for her new movie!]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.albawaba.com/entertainment/ayten-amer-picks-title-upcoming-movie-after-enlisting-help-fans-862192 Ayten Amer picks title for upcoming movie after enlisting help from fans]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.youm7.com/story/2016/7/23/%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%89/2812555 Ya t'addi ,Ya T-haddi - Youm7]&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Usoro ===

* Shaqet Faisal
* Bein AL Sarayat
* Al Ahd (El Kalam El Mobah)
* Ụgbọ mmiri Asrar
* Kika Alal Ali
* Elsabaa Wasaya
* Al Walida Basha
* El Zowga El Tanya
* Al Zoga Al Raba'a
* Keed El-Nesa
* Afra
* Ayoub Ramadan 2018
* 3anbar 6
* 7adret motaham 2aby&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.elfann.com/news/show/1106486/%D8%A2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A8-%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A Nour El-Sherif &amp; Ayten ]&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb name|4856970}}
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      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Starke Round Barn.jpg]] → [[File:Starke Round Barn in Red Cloud, Nebraska.jpg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]]</comment>
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[[Usòrò:Zalmon_Read_Barn_back_view.jpg|thumb|Osisi e ji osisi ndị kwụ ọtọ mee bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na mmalite New England. Agba ọdịnala bụ nsonaazụ nke iron oxide stain etinye iji chebe osisi ahụ pụọ na mmebi UV.]]
[[Usòrò:TTCdairybarn.jpg|thumb|E ji Texas Technological College Dairy Barn dị na Lubbock, Texas, U.S., mee ihe dị ka ụlọ nkuzi ruo 1967.]]
[[Usòrò:Лебедев_Гумно_1894.jpg|thumb|Ụmụ nwanyị Russia na-eji ígwè ọrụ na-eji aka eme ihe n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe. Rịba ama na bọọdụ gafere ọnụ ụzọ iji gbochie ọka ịpụ n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe, nke a bụ mmalite nke okwu ọnụ ụzọ.&lt;ref&gt;Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) © Oxford University Press 2009. Threshold.&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe osise sitere na 1894 site na Klavdy Lebedev kpọrọ ala ma ọ bụ ala ịcha (Гумно).]]
[[Usòrò:GrangeBarn-interior.jpg|thumb|Grange Barn, Coggeshall, England, bụbu akụkụ nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk Cistercian nke Coggeshall. Dendrochronologically dated from 1237 to 1269, e weghachiri ya na 1980s site na Coggeshall Grange Barn Trust, Braintree District Council na Essex County Council.]]
[[Usòrò:Barn_Barberêche_Mar_2011.jpg|thumb|Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na Switzerland. Àkwà mmiri ahụ (karịa ramp) n'ọnọdụ a na-enwekwa ebe obibi ụmụ anụmanụ.]]
[[Usòrò:Starke Round Barn in Red Cloud, Nebraska.jpg|thumb|Starke Round Barn na Red Cloud, Nebraska, nnukwu ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na mba ahụ.]]
'''Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ ugbo na-abụkarị n'ugbo ma jiri ya mee ihe maka ebumnuche dị iche iche. Na [[Olile anyanwu Amerika|North America]], ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na-ezo aka n'ihe owuwu ndị nwere anụ ụlọ, gụnyere ehi na ịnyịnya, yana ngwá ọrụ na nri, na ọka mgbe niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;Noble&quot;&gt;Allen G. Noble, ''Traditional Buildings: A Global Survey of Structural Forms and Cultural Functions'' (New York: Tauris, 2007), 30.&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi ya, a na-ekwukarị okwu ahụ bụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dịka ụlọ nkwakọrịta ụtaba, ụlọ nkwakọta mmiri ara ehi, ụlọ ehi, ụlọ nkwekọrịta atụrụ, ụlọ nkuku poteto. Na British Isles, a na-ejikarị okwu ahụ bụ barn eme ihe maka ihe nchekwa maka ọka na nri anụ, a na'etinye okwu ahụ bụ '''Byre''' ma ọ bụ shippon n'ebe obibi ehi, ebe a na-edebe ịnyịnya n'ụlọ ndị a maara dị ka ụlọ anụ ụlọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Noble&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/byre|title=Byre &amp;#124; Define Byre at Dictionary.com|publisher=Dictionary.reference.com|accessdate=2012-12-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102204240/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/byre|archivedate=2012-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, n'ala Europe, ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na-abụkarị akụkụ nke ihe owuwu ndị a maara dị ka byre-dwellings (ma ọ bụ ụlọ na akwụkwọ US). Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji ụlọ nkwakọba ihe maka nchekwa ngwá ọrụ, dị ka ebe ọrụ kpuchiri, na maka ihe omume dịka ịkwachasị.

== Okwu mmalite ==
Okwu ahụ bụ barn sitere na Old English {{Lang|ang|bere}}, maka ọka bali (ma ọ bụ ọka n'ozuzu), na {{Lang|ang|aern}}, maka ebe nchekwa - ya mere, ụlọ nkwakọba ọka bali. Okwu {{Lang|ang|bere-ern}}-ern, nke a na-akpọkwa ''Bern'' na ''bearn'', bụ ihe akaebe ruo ma ọ dịkarịa ala ugboro iri isii na homilies na okwu ndị ọzọ nke Old English.&lt;ref name=&quot;frantzen&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|publisher=Boydell &amp; Brewer Ltd|isbn=978-1-84383-908-8|author=Frantzen|first=Allen J.|title=Food, Eating and Identity in Early Medieval England|date=2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5tTCAwAAQBAJ}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okwu ndị yiri ya bere-tun na bere-flor pụtara ala ịcha. ''Bere-tun'' pụtakwara ụlọ nri; ntụgharị nkịtị nke bere-tun bụ &quot;ogige ọka&quot;. Ọ bụ ezie na naanị ihe akaebe nke bere-hus (nke bụkwa granary) sitere na Dialogi nke Gregory Onye Ukwu, e nwere aha anọ a maara nke bere-tun na abụọ nke bere-flor. A ''Thesaurus nke Old English'' depụtara bere-ærn na melu-hudern (&quot;ụlọ nkwakọba nri&quot;) dị ka otu okwu maka ụlọ nkwakọ ngwaahịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;frantzen&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Thesaurus of Old English :: barn|accessdate=2018-08-29|url=https://oldenglishthesaurus.arts.gla.ac.uk/category/?type=search&amp;qsearch=barn&amp;word=barn&amp;page=1#id=6736}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Bosworth, J.. ''A Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon Language''.... London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, 1838. 50. Print.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Ọba ọgbara ọhụrụ bụ nke mepere emepe site n'ọba nke etiti etiti atọ aised, nke a na-akpọkarị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri ma ọ bụ ọba ndị mọnk. Nke a, n'aka nke ya, malitere n'ọdịnala ụlọ nke narị afọ nke 12, a na-etinyekwa ya n'ụlọ nzukọ na ụlọ ụka. Na narị afọ nke 15, a chọtara ọtụtụ puku nnukwu ọba ndị a n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Europe. Ka oge na-aga, a nakweere usoro ihe owuwu ya site na ugbo nkịtị ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ gbasaa na ụlọ ndị dị mfe na ime obodo ndị ọzọ. Dị ka a na-achị, ụlọ a na-adọba ụgbọala nwere nnukwu ọnụ ụzọ mbata na ụzọ ụzọ maka ụgbọ ala ebujuru. A maara ala nchekwa dị n'etiti etiti etiti ma ọ bụ na aisles dị ka bays ma ọ bụ mows (nke sitere na Middle French moye). &lt;ref&gt;Malcolm Kirk, ''The Barn. Silent Spaces'', London 1994; Graham Hughes, ''Barns of Rural Britain'', London 1985; Walter Horn, 'On the Origins of the Medieval Bay System', in: ''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'' 17 (1958), nr. 2, p. 2-23.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụdị ndị bụ isi bụ nnukwu ọba ndị nwere akụkụ akụkụ, ụlọ kọmpat nwere ọnụ ụzọ etiti yana obere ọba nwere ụzọ ntụgharị. Nke ikpeazụ gbasakwara n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe. Mgbe ọ bụla a na-etinye mgbidi nkume, osisi ndị a na-adọba ụgbọala na-enyekarị ohere maka ụlọ ndị nwere otu oghere. Ụdị pụrụ iche bụ ebe obibi, nke gụnyere ebe obibi, ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala na ụlọ, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ugbo Frisia ma ọ bụ ụlọ Gulf na ụlọ Black Forest. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ihe nile sitere n'ọba etiti oge ochie. Ụdị ndị ọzọ sitere na ụlọ ogologo oge ochie ma ọ bụ omenala ụlọ ndị ọzọ. Otu n'ime ndị ikpeazụ bụ ụlọ German dị ala, nke a na-echekwa ihe ubi n'ime ụlọ elu. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, ọba ụlọ nke New World colonial sitere na ụlọ German dị ala, nke ndị ọgbọ mbụ si [[Netherlands]] na Germany gbanwere ghọọ ezigbo ụlọ..&lt;ref&gt;John Fitchen, ''The New World Dutch Barn. A Study of its Characteristics, its Structural System, and its Probable Erectional Procedures'', Syracuse N.Y. 1968.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe owuwu ==
[[Usòrò:Beautiful_Post_and_Beam_Horse_Barn.JPG|thumb|Ọkpụkpụ nke ogidi na ogidi ịnyịnya ozugbo e welitere ya]]
[[Usòrò:Round_barn_Indiana.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Thomas Ranck Round Barn na Fayette County, Indiana, U.S.]]
Na Yorkshire Dales, England, a na-ewu ọba ụlọ, nke a maara na mpaghara dị ka ụlọ ehi site na mgbidi nkume abụọ nwere truffs ma ọ bụ nkume ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị ka mgbidi.  Na United States, a na-eji osisi ndị a kpụrụ n'osisi ndị dị n'ugbo wuo ụlọ ochie ma wuo ya dị ka ebe a na-adọba osisi ma ọ bụ osisi osisi, ọ bụ ezie na a na-ewu ụlọ nkume mgbe ụfọdụ na ebe nkume bụ ihe eji ewu ụlọ dị ọnụ ala. N'etiti ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19 na usoro nhazi ụlọ nke United States malitere ịgbanwe site na ịkpụ osisi ọdịnala gaa na ụlọ &quot;truss framed&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;plank framed&quot;. Ọba ma ọ bụ plank gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ belatara ọnụ ọgụgụ osisi kama iji osisi akụkụ maka rafters, joists, na mgbe ụfọdụ trusses. Njikọ ahụ malitere ịgbachi ma ọ bụ kpọtu nku kama ịracha ya na tee ya. Onye na-emepụta ihe na patentee nke Jennings Barn kwuru na atụmatụ ya na-eji obere osisi, obere ọrụ, obere oge, na ọnụ ahịa dị ntakịrị iji wuo ma dịgidere ma nyekwuo ohere maka nchekwa ahịhịa. Ịrụ ọrụ n'ugbo, akụrụngwa njem ka mma, na teknụzụ ọhụrụ dị ka ndụdụ hay a na-agbanye n'okporo ụzọ so kpata mkpa maka nnukwu ụlọ ndị mepere emepe, igwe osisi na-eji ike uzuoku eme ihe nwere ike imepụta obere osisi n'ụzọ dị ọnụ ala, na igwe ịkpụ mbọ dị obere. dị ọnụ karịa ntu ejiri aka mee (arụ ọrụ). A malitere iji ngọngọ ihe n'ọba na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 na U.S.&lt;ref&gt;Fink, Daniel. Barns of the Genesee country, 1790–1915: including an account of settlement and changes in agricultural practices. Geneseo, N.Y.: J. Brunner, 1987. Print.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke oge a bụ ụlọ ígwè. Site n'ihe dị ka 1900 ruo 1940, e wuru ọtụtụ nnukwu ụlọ nkwakọba mmiri ara ehi n'ebe ugwu USA. Ndị a na-enwekarị gambrel ma ọ bụ okpokoro iji bulie ogo nke hay loft n'elu okpokoro mmiri ara ehi, ma jikọta ya na onyinyo a ma ama nke ugbo mmiri ara ehi. Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị na belt ọka wit nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ịnyịnya na-adọkpụ dịka Clydesdales ma ọ bụ Percherons. Nnukwu ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ndị a, ọkachasị mgbe ha jupụtara na ahịhịa,e nwere ike ime ka ọkụ dị egwu nke na-abụkarị ihe efu maka ndị ọrụ ugbo. Site na ọbịbịa nke balers ọ bịara nwee ike ichekwa ahịhịa na ahịhịhịa n'èzí n'ime ụyọkọ ndị a na-egbochi ọkụ gbara gburugburu. A na-ete ọtụtụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe n'ebe ugwu United States ágbá na-acha ọbara ọbara na-acha ọcha. Otu ihe nwere ike ịbụ ihe kpatara nke a bụ na ferric oxide, nke a na-eji emepụta ágbá na-acha ọbara ọbara, bụ kemịkal dị ọnụ ala na nke kachasị mfe maka ndị ọrụ ugbo na New England na mpaghara ndị dị nso. Ihe ọzọ nwere ike ịbụ na ferric oxide na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-echekwa &lt;ref name=&quot;ferric oxide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbstructuresinc.com/snippets/glossary/#F|title=Definition of ferric oxide|work=cbstructuresinc.com|accessdate=5 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327085755/http://www.cbstructuresinc.com/snippets/glossary/#F|archivedate=27 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya mere iji ya na-ese ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ga-enyere aka ichebe ihe owuwu ahụ. Omenala nke ise ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na-acha ọbara ọbara na-acha ọcha na-agbasa n'ọtụtụ ebe na Scandinavia. Karịsịa na [[Sweden]], Falu red na-acha ọcha bụ agba ọdịnala nke ọtụtụ ụlọ osisi.

Site na ewu ewu nke traktọ na-esote [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]], e wepụrụ ọtụtụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ma ọ bụ jiri Ụlọ Quonset nke oge a mee ihe na plywood ma ọ bụ galvanized steel dochie ya. Ebe a na-azụ anụ ehi na ebe a na-ere mmiri ara ehi malitere iwu obere ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na-enweghị ụlọ nke Quonset ma ọ bụ mgbidi ígwè na ogwe osisi a na-edozi edozi (ekwentị ochie ma ọ bụ ogwe ọkụ). Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1960, a chọpụtara na ehi na-enweta ebe mgbaba zuru oke site na osisi ma ọ bụ mgbidi ifufe (na-abụkarị osisi 20% na-emeghe).

== Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nwere ihe owuwu dị iche iche ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Scheune_Langes_Mühle.jpg|alt=Half-timbered barn with brick infill. Uetersen, Germany. This barn's proportions resemble a Low German house.|Ọkara ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na brik jupụtara. [[Uetersen]], Germany Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụlọ nkwakọba ihe a yiri ụlọ Low German.
Usòrò:Ysgubor_Stryd_Lydan,_Sain_Ffagan.jpg|alt=Half-timbered with wattle-work walls for ventilation. Stryd Lydan Barn, originally at Llannerch Banna, Flintshire, North Wales. Re-erected at the St Fagans National History Museum, Cardiff, Wales in 1951.|Ọkara osisi nwere mgbidi na-arụ ọrụ maka ikuku. Stryd Lydan Barn, nke malitere na Llannerch Banna, Flintshire, North Wales. E guzobeghachiri na St Fagans National History Museum,Cardiff, Wales na 1951.
Usòrò:Exterieur_OVERZICHT_-_Ruurlo_-_20264854_-_RCE.jpg|alt=Wattle work walls in a sheep barn in Ruurlo, Netherlands.|Mgbidi ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ atụrụ naRuurlo, Netherlands.
Usòrò:2011-10-27_Baudenkmal_Rödinghausen_98.jpg|alt=Half-timbered barn walls with stone infill. Rödinghausen, Germany.|Mgbidi ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke ọkara osisi na nkume jupụtara. Rödinghausen, Germany
Usòrò:Orajärvi_in_summer.jpg|alt=A barn in Orajärvi village of Sodankylä, Lapland, Finland.|Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị n'obodoOrajärvinkeSodankylä,Lapland, Finland.
Usòrò:Matsalu_metsas.jpg|alt=Old hay barn at the end of Suitsu hiking trail at the Matsalu National Park in Pärnu County, Estonia.|Ogige ahịhịa ochie na njedebe nke ụzọ njem Suitsu naOgige Ntụrụndụ Matsaluna Pärnu County, Estonia.
Usòrò:Surikow;s_barn.JPG|alt=A barn (ovin) in the museum-estate of Surikov. Krasnoyarsk, Russia.|Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe (nwa ehi) na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke Surikov. Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Usòrò:Овин_в_Витославлицах.jpg|alt=A barn (ovin) from Vakhonkino village, Kaduysky raion, Vologda oblast, Russia. Vitoslavlitsy museum, Veliky Novgorod.|Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe (nwa ehi) sitere na obodo Vakhonkino, Kaduysky raion, Vologda oblast, Russia. Ebe ngosi nka Vitoslavlitsy,Veliky Novgorod.
Usòrò:2011-10-27_Rödinghausen._Baudenkmal._Hansastraße_(4).jpg|alt=Half-timbered wall with wattle and daub infill. Some of the plaster coating survives. Rödinghausen, Germany.|Mgbidi ọkara osisi nawattle na daubjupụtara na ya Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-eme ihe ndị e ji plaster mee ka dị. Rödinghausen, Germany
Usòrò:25104100067_Syke_Fuldenriede_4_Scheune.jpg|alt=A rare half-timbered barn with board infill in Syke, Lower Saxony, Germany.|Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke nwere ọkara osisi na-ejupụta na Syke,Lower Saxony, Germany.
Usòrò:GrangeBarn.jpg|alt=Grange barn, Coggeshall, England. This is a studded barn so the wall sheathing must be applied horizontally and covered with a siding material, in this case clapboards (weatherboards).|''ụlọ nkwakọba ihe'',Coggeshall, England. Nke a bụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe e ji ihe mee ka a na-etinye fim ahụ n'ụzọ dị iche ma nke ya na ihe dị n'ụdị, na nke a clapboards (weatherboards).
Usòrò:Metylovice,_Na_kopci,_stodola_01.jpg|alt=A type of barn in Metylovice, Czech Republic with stone piers and an infill of horizontal timbers.|Ụdị ụlọ nkwakọba ihe naMetylovice, Czech Republic nwere ogidi nkume na osisi ndị dị ike.
Usòrò:MBL_Olsztynek_-_15b._Budynek_gospodarczy_z_Kwietniewa.jpg|alt=Board-on-board siding and half timber-framed barn in Olsztynek, north Poland|osisi na ọkara osisi naOlsztynek, n'ebe ugwu[[Poland]]
Usòrò:HennikerNH_BennettFarmBarn.jpg|alt=Timber framed with the sheathing covered in clapboards. New Hampshire, U.S.A.|Osisi e ji nkwado na clapboards.[[Hampshire Ohúrú|New Hampshire]], USA
Usòrò:Zicht_op_doorgang_van_de_schuur_-_Schoonebeek_-_20411613_-_RCE.jpg|alt=Rare walls of boards and thatch. Drenthe, Netherlands|Mgbidi ndị a na-ahụ ahụkebe nke bọọdụ na-agụ.Drenthe, Netherlands
Usòrò:Barn_end_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1628962.jpg|alt=Gable end of a brick barn with ventilation holes built into the brickwork.|Gable njedebe nke ụlọ nkwakọba ihe brik oghere ikuku nke e wuru n'ime brik.
Usòrò:19th_Century_Fieldstone_Barn_in_Southern_Ontario,_Canada.jpg|alt=19th-century fieldstone barn near Rockwood, Ontario, Canada.|Ndị nkwakọba ihe nke mbụ awụ nke iri na adịghị nso na Rockwood, Ontario, Canada.
Usòrò:Oak_Hall_Historic_District_-_Irvin_Barn.JPG|alt=Limestone walls in the Oak Hall Historic District, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.|Mgbidi limestone na Oak Hall Historic District, Pennsylvania, USA
Usòrò:Gable_end_-_geograph.org.uk_-_202611.jpg|alt=Stone barns are common in parts of the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, France, and some Mediterranean countries. The projecting stones (which are a type of wall tie) are a style in the Yorkshire Dales, England.|Ndị ọkachamara nkwakọba ihe ahụ bụ ihe a na-ahụ n'ụdị United Kingdom, United States, Canada, France, na ụfọdụ mba Mediterenian. Nkume ndị na-ese ụkwụ (nke bụ ụdị eriri ike) bụ ụdị dị na Yorkshire Dales, England.
Usòrò:Abiah_Taylor_Barn_ChesCo_PA.jpg|alt=Abidiah Taylor Barn Chester County, Pennsylvania. Part of the Taylor-Cope Historic District. Built in either 1724 (date stone) or 1744 (wooden beam investigation), it is one of the oldest extant barns in the United States. Field stone walls.|Abidiah Taylor Barn Chester County, Pennsylvania. akụkụ nke Taylor-Cope Historic District. E wuru ya na 1724 (nkume ụbọchị) ma ọ bụ 1744 (nyocha osisi), ọ bụ otu n'ime ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ndekọ ochie dị na United States. Mgbidi nkume ubi.
Usòrò:Farm_buildings,_Ewelme_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_677140.jpg|alt=The combination of brick quoins with flint walls is common in (mostly older) buildings in this area of the Chilterns, Oxfordshire, England.|ngwaọrụ nke brik quins na ika flint bụ ihe a na-ama na ( izasịa ndị okenye) ụlọ na mpaghara nke Chilterns, Oxfordshire, England.
Usòrò:Rudge_Farm_3_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1303923.jpg|alt=A rare wall material is Cob which is similar to adobe. Devon, England.|Ihe a na-ahụ ahụkebe bụCobnke yiri adobe.Devon, England
Usòrò:SMBL_stodola_Jaszczew_1870_p.jpg|alt=Round log barn in the skansen (open-air museum) in Sanok, Poland|Ogige nkwakọba ihe dị gburugburu na skansen (ebe enyo ihe mgbe ochie na-oge) naSanok, Poland
Usòrò:Hda_gammelgård_20101010_(15).jpg|alt=Hewn log barn painted red in Hedemora, Sweden.|Ogige osisi a ágbá na-acha osisi naHedemora, Sweden.
Usòrò:Dutch_barn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_458981.jpg|alt=No walls are a characteristic of what in the United Kingdom is called a Dutch barn.|Enweghị ike bụ ihe e ji mara ihe a na-akpọ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe Dutch na United Kingdom.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ojiji ==
[[Usòrò:DETAIL_OF_ROOF_TRUSS_STRUCTURE_AND_HAY_HOOK_CABLE_AND_PULLEY_SYSTEM_LOCATED_ON_WEST_END_OF_BARN._CAMERA_POINTED_EAST._-_James_H._Lane_Ranch,_Barn,_One_Mile_South_of_Richfield_on_HABS_ID,32-RICHF,1A-14.tif|thumb|''Okporo ụzọ hay'' mepụtara na mmalite narị afọ nke 19, ebe a na-egosi otu okpu hay (ogologo elu ụlọ) si kpuchie ụzọ ahụ. Mgbidi gable nke ụlọ nkwakọba ihe a efuola.]]
N'ime ụlọ ochie nke North America, a na-eji ebe dị elu na-echekwa ahịhịa na mgbe ụfọdụ ọka. A na-akpọ nke a gbutu (ụda na ehi) ma ọ bụ ụlọ ahịhịa. Enwere ike imeghe ọnụ ụzọ buru ibu nke dị n'elu ọnụ ọnụ ụlọ ahụ ka e wee tinye ahihia n'ime ụlọ elu ahụ. A na-ebunye ahihia ahụ n'ọba ahụ site n'usoro nwere ihe ndọba ụgbọala na trolley bụ́ ndị na-aga n'okporo ụzọ dị n'akụkụ elu ụlọ ahụ. Ọnụ ụzọ ọnyà dị n'ala kwere ka a tụba nri anụmanụ n'ime ebe a na-achịkọta anụ ụlọ.

Na New England, ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ịchọta ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ejikọtara na isi ụlọ ọrụ ugbo (Ihe owuwu ugbo jikọtara), na-enye ohere ka a rụọ ọrụ n'ụlọ mgbe ị na-echebe onye ọrụ pụọ na ihu igwe.

N'etiti narị afọ nke iri abụọ, a na-eji okwu na-ese nnukwu elu ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na United States. Ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ime ndị a bụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe 900 e ji mgbasa ozi mee maka Rock City.

== Ihe ndị e ji mara ya ==
[[Usòrò:Barn-southern-ontario.jpg|thumb|Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị n'ebe ndịda Ontario, Canada]]
[[Usòrò:Uster_-_Schloss_-_Nebengebäude_(NW)_IMG_3515.JPG|thumb|Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke Uster Castle n'obodo Uster, [[Switzerland]]]]
[[Usòrò:WAK_Föhlritz_02.jpg|thumb|Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe a dị na Thuringia, Germany nwere ''mpụga'' abụọ na-eme ka oghere dị n'etiti ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe.]]
Otu ugbo nwere ike inwe ụlọ ndị nwere ụdị na nha dịgasị iche iche nke a na-eji echekwa nnukwu na obere anụmanụ na ihe ndị ọzọ. A na-akpọ pensụl ndị a kpuchiri ekpuchi nke a na-eji echekwa nnukwu anụmanụ na ụlọ ahịa nwere ike ịdị na okpuru ulo ma ọ bụ n'ogo dị elu dabere n'ụdị ọba. Ebe ndị ọzọ a na-ahụkarị, ma ọ bụ atụmatụ, nke ụlọ ọba America gụnyere

* ụlọ nkedo (ebe a na-edebe bridles, saddles, wdg), nke a na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ nkwụsịtụoghere
* ụlọ nri, ebe a na-echekwa [[Nri anụmanụ]] - ọ bụghị akụkụ nke ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke oge a ebe a na'ụlọ nkwakọ ngwaahịa nri
* ebe a na-akwọ ụgbọala, ụzọ sara mbara maka ụmụ anụmanụ ma ọ bụ ígwè ọrụ
* silo ebe a na-echekwa ọka ma ọ bụ hay (nke a na-akpọ ensilage ma ọ bụ Haylage).
* ụlọ mmiri ara ehi maka ụlọ nkwakọba mmiri ara ehi; ihe dị n'akụkụ ebe a na-anakọta mmiri ara ehi ma chekwaa ya tupu ebubata ya
* a grain (soy, ọka, wdg) akpa maka ụlọ nkwakọba mmiri ara ehi, nke a na-ahụ n'ime oghere ma na-emekarị ya na osisi na-agbanye n'ala na-enye ohere ịnweta ọka, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe inye ehi nri.
* Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke oge a na-enwekarị ogige dị n'ime ụlọ nke nwere oghere maka inye ọgwụgwọ anụmanụ maka anụmanụ na-arịa ọrịa.
* Na North Yorkshire, ụlọ ehi ga-enwe oghere muck (muck'ole na olumba obodo) iji kwe ka etinye nsị n'èzí ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na-enweghị ehi ahụ ịhapụ ụlọ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=bawp|date=2017-08-16|title=Naming the parts of the cowhouse|url=https://everybarn.yorkshiredales.org.uk/naming-the-parts-of-the-cowhouse/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930032636/https://everybarn.yorkshiredales.org.uk/naming-the-parts-of-the-cowhouse/|archivedate=2020-09-30|accessdate=2021-02-09|work=Every Barn Tells a Story: Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Na North Yorkshire, ụlọ ehi ga-enwe obere ọnụ ụzọ ma ọ bụ oghere forking (forking'ole na olumba mpaghara) n'elu mgbidi iji mee ka a 'forked' nri n'ime baux ma ọ bụ baulks (hayloft). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Ụfọdụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ndị England ga-enwe gin gang, mgbatị dị gburugburu gbakwunyere iji mee ka injin ịnyịnya.

== Ihe ndị e si na ya nweta ==
Okwu physics &quot;2&quot; href=&quot;./Barn_(unit)&quot; id=&quot;mwAac&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Barn (unit)&quot;&gt;Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe&quot;, nke bụ mpaghara subatomic, 10&lt;sup&gt;−28&lt;/sup&gt; m2, sitere na nnwale na uranium nuclei n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ebe a kọwara ha n'ụzọ mkparịta ụka dị ka &quot;nnukwu dị ka ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe&quot;, na nha a nabatara iji mee ka nchekwa dị gburugburu nyocha ngwá agha nuklia.

== Okwu ụmụntakịrị ==

* &quot;Ọ pụghị ịkụ aka n'akụkụ sara mbara nke ụlọ nkwakọba ihe&quot; bụ okwu a ma ama maka onye nwere ebumnuche ọjọọ mgbe ọ na-atụfu ihe ma ọ bụ mgbe ọ na'agba ihe.
* &quot;Kpochi ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe mgbe ịnyịnya ahụ gbanyere&quot; na-egosi na mmadụ edoziwo nsogbu n'azụ oge iji gbochie ya.
* &quot;A mụrụ gị / zụlite gị n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe?&quot; bụ ebubo a na-eji n'ụzọ dị iche n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa na-asụ Bekee, mana ọ na-abụkarị ịdọ aka ná ntị mgbe mmadụ gosipụtara omume ọjọọ site na iji asụsụ na-adịghị mma (karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ọ metụtara nsị), ma ọ bụ ịhapụ ọnụ ụzọ ghere oghe.
* &quot;Ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe gị ghere oghe&quot; a na-eji ya eme ihe dị ka okwu eupụtara iji chetara mmadụ ka ọ na-agbagharị [[Akpụkpọ ụkwụ|uwe elu]] ha.
* &quot;Barnstorm&quot; bụ ịgagharị ngwa ngwa gburugburu nnukwu ebe na-apụta n'ihu ọha ugboro ugboro.

== Ụdị ==
A na-ekewapụta barns site na ọrụ ha, nhazi, ebe, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, otu ụlọ ahụ na-adaba n'ọtụtụ ụdị.

* Ụlọ nkwakọba mkpụrụ osisi ma ọ bụ ụlọ nkwakọwa mkpụrụ osisi - maka nchekwa mkpụrụ osisi
* Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe - Ụlọ nwere ọtụtụ okpukpu nke e wuru n'ime ụlọ nkwakọ ngwaahịa ka e wee nwee ike ịnweta ụgbọ ala n'elu ya, mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-esi n'àkwà mmiri ma ọ bụ ramp abanye ya.
* Bastle house &amp;#x2D; ihe nchebe iji chebe onwe ya megide ndị na-eme njem n'ókè nwere ebe obibi na ala ala maka anụ ụlọ.
* Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke àkwà mmiri ma ọ bụ ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe nke a na-ekpuchi ekpuchi - okwu n'ozuzu maka ụlọ nkwakọrọ ihe nke a ga-esi n'àkwà mmiri banye kama ịga n'ihu.
* Boô - Ụlọ atụrụ na ebe obibi na Netherlands, n'oge oge ma ọ bụ mgbe ụfọdụ n'afọ niile.
* Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]] (U.S.) nke nwere obere ụdị dị ka ''ọkọlọtọ'' na ụdị sweitzer. A makwaara ya dị ka ''Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe'' ma ọ bụ ụlọ nkwakọrịta veranda.
* Cantilever barn - ụdị ụlọ nkwakọba ihe osisi nwere okpukpu elu nke mepụtara na Appalachia (U.S.A.) 
* Ngwakọta ụlọ nkwakọba ihe - a na-ahụ n'England dum, ọkachasị n'ógbè ọrụ ugbo na ụdị ụlọ nkwakọrọ ihe dị na America. Okwu a n'ozuzu pụtara na a na-eji ụlọ nkwakọba ihe eme ihe maka nchekwa ihe ọkụkụ na dị ka ebe obibi anụmanụ.&lt;ref&gt;Marshall, Jeffrey L., and Willis M. Rivinus. ''Barns of bucks county''. S.l.: Heritage Conservancy &amp; The Bucks County Audubin Society, 2007. Print.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe - Ihe owuwu osisi ndị dị larịị nwere ihe ruru ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe anọ (nchịkọta osisi ndị na-agafe agafe) nke a na-ahụkarị na ndịda US
* A na-akpọ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe maka ịcha ihe ọkụkụ na [[Finland]] na Sweden ''riihi'' na ''ria'', n'otu n'otu.
* New World Dutch Barn - Ụdị ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na US. Hụkwara ụlọ nkwakọrọ Dutch (UK) na ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ ugbo ndị ọzọ n'okpuru.
* Ogige nkwakọba ihe - Ihe owuwu dị n'ọhịa dịpụrụ adịpụ karịa nnukwu ụlọ ndị mejupụtara ugbo
* -&quot; data-linkid=&quot;256&quot; href=&quot;./New_England_barn&quot; id=&quot;mwAdo&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;New England barn&quot;&gt;Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke New England - ụdị ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ime ime obodo New England na US
* Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke Bekee (U.S.), nke a na-akpọkwa ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe nke Yankee ma ọ bụ Connecticut - Ụdị ụlọ nkwakọrọ a ma ama na US
* Granary - iji chekwaa ọka mgbe a gbasịrị ya, ụfọdụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nwere ọnụ ụlọ a na-akpọ granary, ụfọdụ ụlọ akụ dị ka ụlọ nkwakọrọ osikapa na-eme ka akara dị n'etiti ụlọ nkwakọta na ụlọ nkwakọrịta.
* Ogwe ogidi Gothic, nwere profaịlụ dị ka ogidi Gothique, nke ghọrọ ihe ga-ekwe omume ka ndị otu laminated mepụta ya
* Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe n'ala, ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe nwere ohere maka anụ ụlọ n'ala
* Housebarn, nke a na-akpọkwa ebe obibi - Ebe obibi na Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe jikọtara ọnụ, nke a maara nke ọma na Europe ochie mana ọ dị ụkọ na North America. Ọzọkwa, ogologo ụlọ bụ ụlọ obibi.
* Ogwe osisi - ihe owuwu dị mfe nke nwere ogwe osisi ndị a na-etinye n'ala iji kwado elu ụlọ, nwere ma ọ bụ na-enweghị mgbidi mpụga. Ogwe osisi ahụ enweghị ntọala nkịtị, si otú a belata ọnụahịa iwu ihe. A na-eji ya eme ihe maka anụ ụlọ, ahịhịa ma ọ bụ ngwá ọrụ.
* Ụlọ nkwakọba poteto ma ọ bụ Ụlọ poteto- Ụlọ dị n'okpuru ala ma ọ bụ okpukpu abụọ maka nchekwa poteto maọbụ poteto.
* Prairie barn - Okwu n'ozuzu maka Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na Western U.S.
* ụlọ nkwakọba ihe osise na ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe osise
* Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị gburugburu, nke e wuru n'ụdị gburugburu, a na-ejikarị okwu ahụ eme ihe na-agụnye ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe dị n'akụkụ asatọOgige ntụrụndụ nwere akụkụ asatọ
* Swing beam barn - Ụdị [[Swing beam barn|Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe]] a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'akụkụ nke US nke e mere maka ịpịa ọka na ụmụ anụmanụ na-agagharị gburugburu ogwe osisi nke a na-ejide n'ime ụlọ nkwakọrọ.
* Ụlọ nkwakọba ụtaba - maka ịcha akwụkwọ ụtaba
* Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke iri - ụdị ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe eji eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ebe ugwu Europe n'oge ụwa na-emepechabeghị anya maka ichekwa otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke ihe ubi ahụ ga-enye chọọchị
* Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe - nke e ji ala nkwakọwa ihe wuo maka nhazi na nchekwa [[Mkpụrụ ọka mà obu ọkà ọkà|ọka]], iji mee ka ha nọrọ n'ọnọdụ kpọrọ nkụ. A na-akọwa ya site na nnukwu ọnụ ụzọ abụọ n'etiti otu akụkụ, obere n'akụkụ nke ọzọ, na nchekwa maka owuwe ihe ubi ma ọ bụ unprocessed n'akụkụ ọ bụla. N'England, a na-akụ ọka ahụ site na ihe ọkụkụ site na flails wee kewaa ya na mkpo site na winnowing n'etiti ọnụ ụzọ ndị a. Nhazi nke ndị a anaghị agbanwe agbanwe n'etiti narị afọ nke 12 na nke 19. Ọnụ ụzọ ndị buru ibu na-enye ohere ka a na-ebugharị ụgbọ ịnyịnya; ndị pere mpe na-enye ike ịhazi atụrụ na anụ ndị ọzọ n'oge opupu ihe ubi na oge okpomọkụ.

== Ụlọ ọrụ ugbo ndị ọzọ a na-ejikọkarị na ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ==

* Ụlọ ụgbọ ala: ụlọ nkwakọba ihe
* Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe Dutch (UK): ihe owuwu nwere akụkụ mepere emepe maka nchekwa hay. A na-akpọ ụdị nke nwere elu ụlọ a na-ebugharị ebugharị a na-akpọ hay barrack na US ma ọ bụ ''hooiberg'' (''kapberg'') na Netherlands.
* A corn crib a horizontal slatered ihe owuwu e wuru iji kwe ka ikuku na-aga na ọkaọka nkụ (mkpụrụ) 
* A granary ma ọ bụ hórreo: ebe nchekwa maka ọka threshed, mgbe ụfọdụ n'ime ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ma ọ bụ dị ka ụlọ dị iche.
* Linhay (linny, linney, linnies): Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe, nke na-enwekarị elu ụlọ mana ọ nwere ike ịbụ linhay dị gburugburu iji chekwaa hay na okpukpu nke mbụ na ehi na ala ala (linhay ehi), ma ọ bụ ígwè ọrụ ugbo (linhay ụgbọala). A na-akọwa ya site n'ihu na-emeghe na post ma ọ bụ ogidi na-adị iche iche.
* Ụlọ mmiri ara ehi ma ọ bụ ụlọ mmiri ara ehi: iji chekwaa mmiri ara ehi.
* Oast houses: ụlọ a na-eji eme ihe maka ịcha hops dị ka akụkụ nke usoro ịṅụ mmanya.
* Ebe obibi: ihe owuwu ndị na-emeghe n'ihu maka ngwaahịa
* Shippon: ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke nwere ehi na ehi. O nwere ebe nchekwa nri anụ'elu, ọnụ ụzọ na-adịkarị iche n'akụkụ ogige, ọnụ ụzọ ma ọ bụ windo na okpukpu mbụ.
* Stable: Ọ na-abụkarị maka ụlọ ịnyịnya.

Ihe owuwu ugbo ochie nwere ike igosi ihe ịrịba ama ndị na-esonụ nke mmebi: ire ure na ihe owuwu osisi n'ihi mmiri, oghere dị na masonry site na mmegharị nke mgbidi, dịka mmegharị ala, nsogbu ụlọ (dịka mpụga ya, mmebi nke purlins na nsọtụ gable), nsogbu ntọala, ịbanye na mgbọrọgwụ osisi; a na-asa lime mortar n'ihi nchebe ihu igwe ezughi oke. Mgbidi ndị e ji cob, ụrọ ala ma ọ bụ mgbidi ndị nwere ihe mkpofu mee niile nwere ike ịbanye na mmiri, na dochie ma ọ bụ kpuchie ihe ndị na-eku ume na simenti ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na'egbochi mmiri nwere ike ijide mmiri n'ime mgbidi.&lt;ref&gt;
First Aid Repair to Traditional Farm Buildings produced by the [[Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings]] gives useful guidance
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;How to deal with damp produced by the [[Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings]] gives useful guidance&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụfọdụ atụmatụ enyemaka dị iji weghachite ụlọ ndị dị n'ugbo akụkọ ihe mere eme, dịka ọmụmaatụ Natural England's Environmental Stewardship, Countryside Stewardship na Environmentally Sensitive Areas Schemes.&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Barn_Pano(9467)-Relic38.jpg|alt=A short silo in the centre of the photograph is slanted slightly to the right, topped by a conical red roof. Three barns form a V shape behind the silo. To its right is a large barn, with slanted red roof and open doors. Perpendicular to it are two similar but smaller barns in series, visible to the left of the silo.|Barns na silo na Newmarket,Ontario, Canada. A kwaturu ihe owuwu ndị a na Machị 2009.
Usòrò:Traditional_Sasak_Village_Sade_rice_barn.JPG|alt=Traditional Sasak rice barn in village of Sade, Lombok, Indonesia.|Ogige osikapa ọdịnalaSasakobodo nta Sade,Lombok, Indonesia.
Usòrò:Steinhude_Scheunenviertel_Panorama.jpg|alt=In Germany, due to the risk of fire, some hay barns were located in areas apart from houses in the inner town or village. These areas were called a Scheunenviertel, which translates as &quot;barn quarter&quot;, from &quot;Scheune&quot;, the German word for barn. This barn quarter is in Steinhude, Germany|Na Germany, n'ihi ihe ize ndụ nke ọkụ, ụfọdụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị n'ebe ndi ozo na-abụghị ụlọ dị n'ime obodo ma ọ bụ obodo. A na-akpọ mpaghara ndị a Scheunenviertel, nke a na-asụgharị dị ka &quot;ụlọ nkwakọba ihe&quot;, site na &quot;Scheune&quot;, okwu German maka ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe.&lt;ref&gt;Cattelan, Maurizio. ''Von Mäusen und Menschen: 4. Berlin Biennale für zeitgenössische Kunst = Of mice and men : 4th Berlin Biennial for Contemporary Art''. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2006. 89. Print.&lt;/ref&gt;Ogige dị kaSteinhude, Germany
Usòrò:NMA.0064816_Bjärka-Säby._Ladugården.jpg|alt=The barn at Bjärka-Säby Castle, Sweden, around 1909.|Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị na Bjärka-Säby Castle,[[Sweden]], n'ihe dị ka 1909.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ịzụlite ụmụ
* Ebe a na-azụ anụ
* Ụlọ nkwakọba ụgbọala
* Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe
* Elu ụlọ Gambrel
* Gin gang ma ọ bụ ụlọ gburugburu - mgbatị na ụlọ nkwakọba ihe.
* Ụlọ elu ewu
* Hayrack
* Scaffold (ụlọ nkwakọba ihe) 
* Ebe a na-edebe ihe

== Ebem si dee ==

[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Alessia Orro</title>
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Alessia Orro (amuru 18 Julaị 1998) bu onye egwuregwu volleyball Italy.

Ọ gbara asọmpi na asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị na 2016 Summer Olympics, 2020 Summer Olympics na 2024 Summer Olympics, [1] Montreux Volley Masters 2019, [2] na 2022 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=volleyballworld.com|title=Italy VNL 2022|url=https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/vnl-2022/teams/women/5126/players/|accessdate=2023-04-15|work=volleyballworld.com|language=en|archivedate=2023-04-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408005255/https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/vnl-2022/teams/women/5126/players/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye ==

=== Ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu ===

* ''2021 European Women's Volleyball Championship &quot;Best Setter&quot;''
* ''2022 FIVB Nations League &quot;Best Setter&quot;''
* ''2024 FIVB Nations League &quot;Best Setter&quot;''
* ''Egwuregwu Olimpik nke 2024 Paris &quot;Best Setter&quot;''

== Ihe odide ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Tharu</title>
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        <username>Psubhashish</username>
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      <text bytes="17676" sha1="s8td6rawqmoekka2j5ha7qqc8c7sox4" xml:space="preserve">[[File:OpenSpeaks-thq-Eastern Tharu-Achhai Chaudhary-SC-Medicinal Plants 01.webm|thumb|Onye na-agwọ ọrịa ọdịnala nke Tharu na-akọwa osisi ọgwụ mpaghara na Saptariya Tharu (asụsụ Tharu)]]

Nke '''Tharu''' ( Tharu : थारु, Hindi   ) ma ọ bụ '''Tharuhat''' ( Nepali   ) asụsụ bụ nke ọ bụla n'ime asụsụ Indo-Aryan nke ndị Tharu nke mpaghara Terai na Nepal na-asụ na mpaghara Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh na Bihar na India na-asụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_uttaranchal.pdf|author=Office of the Registrar General, India (2001)|title=Uttaranchal. Data Highlights: The Scheduled Tribes. Census of India 2001|accessdate=2008-03-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_up.pdf | author = Office of the Registrar General, India (2001) | title= Uttar Pradesh. Data Highlights: The Scheduled Tribes. Census of India 2001}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFOffice_of_the_Registrar_General,_India_(2001)&quot;&gt;Office of the Registrar General, India (2001). [http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_up.pdf &quot;Uttar Pradesh. Data Highlights: The Scheduled Tribes. Census of India 2001&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-maint citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Template:cite web|cite web]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ([[:Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list|link]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list]]&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-asụ asụsụ Tharu n'ime obodo Tharu. Asụsụ ndị a yiri asụsụ ndị ọzọ gbara agbata obi. Asụsụ Tharu bụ otu n'ime asụsụ a kacha asụ na Nepal . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Guneratne|first=Arjun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T7FWQ6dzYZQC|title=Many Tongues, One People: The Making of Tharu Identity in Nepal|date=2002|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-8728-6|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Agbanyeghi na nhazi nke ha nke ọma n'ime Indo-Aryan ka ejighị n'aka, asụsụ Tharu nwere myirịta dị elu na asụsụ ndị agbata obi dịka Kumaoni, Awadhi, [[Asụsụ Maithili|Maithili]], Bengali, Rajbanshi na Bhojpuri . Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke ụfọdụ ezinaụlọ Tharu na-egosi ihe mgbe ochie, ' ụmụ amaala ' substratum, nwere ike na-ebu ụzọ ma ndị Sino-Tibet ma ọ bụ Indo-Aryan . Asụsụ Tharu yiri ka ọ bụ mgbanwe n'ime ọnọdụ Indo-Aryan. 

== Asụsụ na olumba ==
Obodo Tharu dị n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke Nepal na India anaghị asụ otu asụsụ dịka agbụrụ ndị ọzọ n'ihi na ọ dị iche n'etiti ọwụwa anyanwụ, etiti na ọdịda anyanwụ Terai. Enwere asụsụ Tharu dị iche iche na-asụ site n'ọtụtụ obere obere mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Tharu gbasasịrị n'ọtụtụ mpaghara Terai. Myirịta lexical n'etiti asụsụ Tharu dị iche iche dịgasị n'etiti 81% na 51% dabere na asụsụ Tharu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Krauskopff, G.|year=1995|title=The anthropology of the Tharus: an annoted bibliography|url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/kailash/pdf/kailash_17_0304_05.pdf|journal=Kailash|volume=17|issue=3/4|pages=185–213}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Asụsụ Western Tharu ===
'''Dangaura''' na '''Kathariya Tharu''' bụ Tharu dị iche iche nwere nghọta nke na-asụ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Osimiri Gandaki, nke ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 1.3. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Linguistic Survey of Nepal (LinSuN) Central Department of Linguistics Tribhuvan University|title=Dangaura Tharu language|url=https://elibrary.tucl.edu.np/bitstream/123456789/4158/2/Chapter.pdf|accessdate=2025-03-20|archivedate=2024-01-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104143551/https://elibrary.tucl.edu.np/bitstream/123456789/4158/2/Chapter.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Copula Construction in Kathariya Tharu|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371522827}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa, ụdị ọzọ nke Tharu, nke a maara dị ka '''Sonha''', na Dangaura nwere nghọta nke ukwuu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Chaudhary|first=Anil Dutta|title=Phonological study of the Sonaha language|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346761434}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''[[Asụsụ Rana Tharu|Rana Tharu]]''' na '''Buksa''' bụ ụdị Tharu nwere nghọta n'etiti ihe ruru mmadụ 250,000 na-asụ n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke osimiri Karnali yana na steeti India nke Uttrakahand na Uttar Pradesh . Ọ dị ka Western Hindi na Awadhi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dhakal|first=Dubi Nanda|title=Notes on Rana Tharu language|url=https://www.academia.edu/43908543}}&lt;/ref&gt; Charter Nepal nke dị ụbọchị 18 Mee 2020 depụtara Rana Tharus dị ka agbụrụ dị iche na asụsụ ha dị ka asụsụ pụrụ iche. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=@therecord|title=Five misconceptions about Rana Tharus - The Record|url=https://www.recordnepal.com/five-misconceptions-about-rana-tharu-and-pan-tharu-identity|accessdate=2024-01-04|work=www.recordnepal.com|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Asụsụ Central Tharu ===
'''Chitwania Tharu''' makwaara dị ka '''Lalpuriya Tharu, Madhya Ksetriya Tharu''' ma ọ bụ '''Central Tharu''' bụ ndị na-ekwu okwu 250,000 n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Osimiri Gandaki, na na gburugburu Chitwan Valley . Ụfọdụ ụdịdị Chitwania yiri ka ha na [[Asụsụ Pattani|Manchad]], asụsụ Sino-Tibet nwere myirịta nkwuwa okwu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=1972 Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies (CNAS) &amp; SIL International|first=Dorothy Leal|title=Chitwan Tharu phonemic summary|url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/36/60/20/36602041748457268053201464034384501291/Chitwan_Tharu_phonemic_summary.pdf|work=Language and Culture Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Asụsụ Eastern Tharu ===
'''Kochila Tharu''' a na-akpọkwa '''Moangiya, Saptariya Tharu, Madhya-Purbiya Tharu''' ma ọ bụ '''Mid-Eastern Tharu''' bụ ụdị Tharu dị iche iche, nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 250,000 na-asụ, na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ na etiti Nepal. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=LANGUAGE OF SAPTARIYA THARU|url=https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/RESEARCHER/article/view/9885/8062}}&lt;/ref&gt; A naghị ahụ obodo Kochila Tharu iche, mana ha na-ebi na mpaghara ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ jikọtara ọnụ. &quot;N'adịghị ka ọdịda anyanwụ Terai ebe ndị Tharus bụ naanị agbụrụ na-achị achị, ọwụwa anyanwụ - karịsịa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - Terai bụ ọtụtụ agbụrụ nwere njikọ asụsụ dị iche iche bi.&quot; Kochila nwere isi olumba atọ a na-asụ n'etiti etiti etiti na ọwụwa anyanwụ Nepal nke bụ ''Western Kochila'', ''Saptariya Kochila'' na ''Morangiya Kochila'' na ndabere nke ọgụgụ isi ha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Linguistic Survey of Nepal (LinSuN)|first=Central Department of Linguistics Tribhuvan University, Nepal and SIL International 2013|title=A Sociolinguistic Study of Kochila Tharu in Southeast Nepal|url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/13/61/99/136199776406127007473396089765757813692/Kochila_Tharu_Report.pdf|accessdate=2022-10-08|archivedate=2022-10-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023182108/https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/13/61/99/136199776406127007473396089765757813692/Kochila_Tharu_Report.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnọdụ gọọmentị ==
Asụsụ Tharu bụ asụsụ nke anọ a na-asụkarị na Nepal na-aza 5.88% nke ngụkọta ndị Nepal dịka ngụkọ 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nepal languages|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NP/languages|accessdate=15 Dec 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=caste-ethnicity-report {{!}} national_population and housing_census_year results|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=censusnepal.cbs.gov.np}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity &quot;caste-ethnicity-report | national_population and housing_census_year results&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka iwu nke Nepal 2015 (2072 BS) si kwuo, asụsụ obodo niile a na-asụ na Nepal bụ asụsụ mba nke Nepal gụnyere Tharu. &lt;ref name=&quot;constitution2072&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Constitution of Nepal|url=https://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Constitution-of-Nepal.pdf|accessdate=28 October 2021|work=Nepal Law Commission}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kọmịshọna Asụsụ Nepal akwadola ka Tharu bụrụ asụsụ nchịkwa gọọmentị na Lumbini na Sudurpaschim Province . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;सरकारी कामकाजको भाषाका आधारहरूको निर्धारण तथा भाषासम्बन्धी सिफारिसहरू (पञ्चवर्षीय प्रतिवेदन- साराांश) २०७८&quot; Language Commission (in Nepali).|url=https://languagecommission.gov.np/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906171816/https://languagecommission.gov.np/files/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%20%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE.pdf|archivedate=6 September 2021|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=languagecommission.gov.np}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kọmịshọna ahụ akwadokwara ka a mee Tharu ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ gọọmentị na mpaghara Nepal niile dịka Bagmati, Koshi, Madhesh, Gandaki na Karnali mpaghara maka mpaghara na ebumnuche dị na mpaghara ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=सरकारी कामकाजको भाषाका आधारहरूको निर्धारण तथा भाषासम्बन्धी सिफारिसहरू (पञ्चवर्षीय प्रतिवेदन- साराांश) २०७८|url=https://languagecommission.gov.np/files/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%20%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE.pdf|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=Language Commission|publisher=Language Commission of Nepal|language=ne|archivedate=2021-09-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906171816/https://languagecommission.gov.np/files/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%20%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ọkwa mpaghara, Tharu nwere ọkwa gọọmentị na Ghorahi sub-metropolitan nke Dang district . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghorahi to start classes in Tharu language|url=http://english.ratopati.com/story/14483|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=english.ratopati.com|language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Native language teaching fails to impress Tharu community|url=http://kathmandupost.com/national/2016/08/24/native-language-teaching-fails-to-impress-tharu-community|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=kathmandupost.com|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tharu to become official language in Ghorahi|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/33949/|accessdate=2024-04-04|work=My Republica|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkesa ala ==

=== Nepal ===
Na Nepal a na-asụ asụsụ Tharu na mpaghara Terai niile site na osimiri Mechi dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo osimiri Mahakali dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na mpaghara ndị a: &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Map View: Table LANGUAGE - NepalMap|url=https://nepalmap.org/data/map/?table=LANGUAGE&amp;geo_ids=district%7Cprovince-3,district%7Ccountry-NP&amp;primary_geo_id=district-35#column%7CTharu,sumlev%7Cdistrict|accessdate=2024-04-04|work=nepalmap.org|archivedate=2024-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404070944/https://nepalmap.org/data/map/?table=LANGUAGE&amp;geo_ids=district%7Cprovince-3,district%7Ccountry-NP&amp;primary_geo_id=district-35#column%7CTharu,sumlev%7Cdistrict}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Mpaghara Koshi : Mpaghara Jhapa, Mpaghara Morang, Mpaghara Sunsari na Udayapur District
* Madhesh Province : Parsa District, Bara District, Rautahat District, Sarlahi District, Mahottari District, Siraha District na Saptari District.
* Bagmati Province : Chitwan District, Makwanpur District, Sindhuli District na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na Kathmandu ( Kathmandu District, Bhaktapur District na Lalitpur District )
* Mpaghara Gandaki : Mpaghara Nawalpur na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na mpaghara Kaski ( Pokhara )
* Mpaghara Lumbini : Mpaghara Banke, Mpaghara Bardiya, Mpaghara Dang, Mpaghara Kapilvastu, Mpaghara Parasi na mpaghara Rupandehi
* Mpaghara Karnali : Mpaghara Surkhet
* Mpaghara Sudurpaschim : Kailali District na Kanchanpur District

Site na mmụba nke ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ na mbata mba ụwa ndị na-asụ Tharu apụtala na mpaghara ọ bụla nke Nepal na mba dị iche iche dịka US, Japan, Qatar, UAE na Australia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nepali Tharu community is all set to celebrate maghi festival for the first time in Australia|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/language/nepali/en/article/nepali-tharu-community-is-all-set-to-celebrate-maghi-festival-for-the-first-time-in-australia/1dbe8e9us|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=SBS Language|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-02-16|title=Nepalese Tharu community celebrates Maghi|url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/480221/nepalese-tharu-community-celebrates-maghi|accessdate=2024-01-27|work=Gulf Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== India ===
N'India a na-asụ asụsụ Tharu n'akụkụ oke ala Nepal. Na steeti Utrakhand a na-asụ ya na mpaghara Udham Singh Nagar . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttarakhand|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10225/download/13337/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0500.XLSX|work=www.censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Bihar, a na-asụ ya na mpaghara East Champaran na West Champaran . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=PTI|date=2022-06-12|title=Bihar: Tharu and Surjapuri languages facing extinction|url=https://theprint.in/india/bihar-tharu-and-surjapuri-languages-facing-extinction/993794/|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=ThePrint|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Uttar Pradesh a na-asụ ya na mpaghara Lakhimpur Kheri, Balrampur, Shravasti, Gorakhpur, Basti, Bahraich na Gonda . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== fonology ==
Ndị na-esonụ nwere ọtụtụ n'ime olu Daungara na Rana:

=== Consonants ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
!Labial
!Dental/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alveolar
!Retroflex
!Post-alv./&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Stop/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Affricate
!{{small|[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
|{{IPAlink|p}}
|{{IPAlink|t}}
|{{IPAlink|ʈ}}
|{{IPAlink|tʃ}}
|{{IPAlink|k}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]}}
|{{IPAlink|pʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|tʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|ʈʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|tʃʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|kʰ}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|{{IPAlink|b}}
|{{IPAlink|d}}
|{{IPAlink|ɖ}}
|{{IPAlink|dʒ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɡ}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|{{IPAlink|bʱ}}
|{{IPAlink|dʱ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɖʱ}}
|{{IPAlink|dʒʱ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɡʱ}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nasal
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|{{IPAlink|m}}
|{{IPAlink|n}}
|
|({{IPA link|ɲ}})
|{{IPAlink|ŋ}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|{{IPA link|m̤}}
|{{IPA link|n̤}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|ŋ̈}}
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Fricative
|
|{{IPAlink|s}}
|
|
|
|{{IPAlink|h}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tap
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|
|{{IPAlink|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɾ̤}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Trill
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|
|({{IPA link|r}})
|
|
|
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|
|({{IPA link|r̤}})
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lateral
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|
|{{IPAlink|l}}
|
|
|
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|
|{{IPA link|l̤}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Approximant
|{{IPAlink|w}}
|
|
|{{IPAlink|j}}
|
|
|}

* /n/ can be heard as a palatal [ɲ] when preceding a palatal affricate.
* /ɾ, ɾ̤/ may be in free variation with trill sounds [r, r̤] in the Rana dialect.
* Palato-alveolar affricate sounds /tʃ, tʃʰ, dʒ, dʒʱ/ are heard as alveolar affricate sounds [ts, tsʰ, dz, dzʱ] in the Rana dialect.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dhakal|first=Dubi Nanda|title=Notes on Rana Tharu Grammar Notes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Udaume ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!
! N'ihu
! Central
! Azu
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
! Elu
| i
|
| u
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
! N'etiti
| e
| ə
| o
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
! Dị ala
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | a
|-
! Diphthong
| {{IPA|əi}}
|
| {{IPA|əu}}
|}

* Nasalization na-apụtakwa dị ka / ĩ, ũ, ẽ, ə̃, õ, ã /.
* A na-anụ ụdaume / i, u, e, a / dị ka [ ɪ, ʊ, ɛ, ɑ ] mgbe ha nọ n'ụdị lax.
* /ə / a na-anụ dị ka [ ɐ ] mgbe ọ na-ebu ụzọ ma ọ bụ na-eso consonants velar ma ọ bụ glottal.
* /a / enwere ike ịnụ ka [ æ ] mgbe a na-eso /j / ma ọ bụ dị ka [ ɒ ] mgbe ị na-eso /w / . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Boehm|first=Edward D.|title=A Descriptive Phonology of Dangaura Tharu|year=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>s8td6rawqmoekka2j5ha7qqc8c7sox4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>629177</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Psubhashish</username>
        <id>3279</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>ịkpọ okwu +</comment>
      <origin>629177</origin>
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      <text bytes="17775" sha1="k9y4ar9wn2gy7s1rda6xlsfniqlszws" xml:space="preserve">[[File:OpenSpeaks-thq-Eastern Tharu-Achhai Chaudhary-SC-Medicinal Plants 01.webm|thumb|Onye na-agwọ ọrịa ọdịnala nke Tharu na-akọwa osisi ọgwụ mpaghara na Saptariya Tharu (asụsụ Tharu)]]

Nke '''Tharu''' ( Tharu : थारु, ({{Audio|OpenSpeaks-thq-Saptariya-Tharu-Sanjib Chaudhary-Pronunciation Tharu.wav|ịkpọ okwu}}), Hindi   ) ma ọ bụ '''Tharuhat''' ( Nepali   ) asụsụ bụ nke ọ bụla n'ime asụsụ Indo-Aryan nke ndị Tharu nke mpaghara Terai na Nepal na-asụ na mpaghara Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh na Bihar na India na-asụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_uttaranchal.pdf|author=Office of the Registrar General, India (2001)|title=Uttaranchal. Data Highlights: The Scheduled Tribes. Census of India 2001|accessdate=2008-03-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_up.pdf | author = Office of the Registrar General, India (2001) | title= Uttar Pradesh. Data Highlights: The Scheduled Tribes. Census of India 2001}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFOffice_of_the_Registrar_General,_India_(2001)&quot;&gt;Office of the Registrar General, India (2001). [http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_up.pdf &quot;Uttar Pradesh. Data Highlights: The Scheduled Tribes. Census of India 2001&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-maint citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Template:cite web|cite web]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ([[:Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list|link]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list]]&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-asụ asụsụ Tharu n'ime obodo Tharu. Asụsụ ndị a yiri asụsụ ndị ọzọ gbara agbata obi. Asụsụ Tharu bụ otu n'ime asụsụ a kacha asụ na Nepal . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Guneratne|first=Arjun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T7FWQ6dzYZQC|title=Many Tongues, One People: The Making of Tharu Identity in Nepal|date=2002|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-8728-6|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Agbanyeghi na nhazi nke ha nke ọma n'ime Indo-Aryan ka ejighị n'aka, asụsụ Tharu nwere myirịta dị elu na asụsụ ndị agbata obi dịka Kumaoni, Awadhi, [[Asụsụ Maithili|Maithili]], Bengali, Rajbanshi na Bhojpuri . Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke ụfọdụ ezinaụlọ Tharu na-egosi ihe mgbe ochie, ' ụmụ amaala ' substratum, nwere ike na-ebu ụzọ ma ndị Sino-Tibet ma ọ bụ Indo-Aryan . Asụsụ Tharu yiri ka ọ bụ mgbanwe n'ime ọnọdụ Indo-Aryan. 

== Asụsụ na olumba ==
Obodo Tharu dị n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke Nepal na India anaghị asụ otu asụsụ dịka agbụrụ ndị ọzọ n'ihi na ọ dị iche n'etiti ọwụwa anyanwụ, etiti na ọdịda anyanwụ Terai. Enwere asụsụ Tharu dị iche iche na-asụ site n'ọtụtụ obere obere mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Tharu gbasasịrị n'ọtụtụ mpaghara Terai. Myirịta lexical n'etiti asụsụ Tharu dị iche iche dịgasị n'etiti 81% na 51% dabere na asụsụ Tharu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Krauskopff, G.|year=1995|title=The anthropology of the Tharus: an annoted bibliography|url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/kailash/pdf/kailash_17_0304_05.pdf|journal=Kailash|volume=17|issue=3/4|pages=185–213}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Asụsụ Western Tharu ===
'''Dangaura''' na '''Kathariya Tharu''' bụ Tharu dị iche iche nwere nghọta nke na-asụ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Osimiri Gandaki, nke ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 1.3. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Linguistic Survey of Nepal (LinSuN) Central Department of Linguistics Tribhuvan University|title=Dangaura Tharu language|url=https://elibrary.tucl.edu.np/bitstream/123456789/4158/2/Chapter.pdf|accessdate=2025-03-20|archivedate=2024-01-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104143551/https://elibrary.tucl.edu.np/bitstream/123456789/4158/2/Chapter.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Copula Construction in Kathariya Tharu|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371522827}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa, ụdị ọzọ nke Tharu, nke a maara dị ka '''Sonha''', na Dangaura nwere nghọta nke ukwuu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Chaudhary|first=Anil Dutta|title=Phonological study of the Sonaha language|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346761434}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''[[Asụsụ Rana Tharu|Rana Tharu]]''' na '''Buksa''' bụ ụdị Tharu nwere nghọta n'etiti ihe ruru mmadụ 250,000 na-asụ n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke osimiri Karnali yana na steeti India nke Uttrakahand na Uttar Pradesh . Ọ dị ka Western Hindi na Awadhi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dhakal|first=Dubi Nanda|title=Notes on Rana Tharu language|url=https://www.academia.edu/43908543}}&lt;/ref&gt; Charter Nepal nke dị ụbọchị 18 Mee 2020 depụtara Rana Tharus dị ka agbụrụ dị iche na asụsụ ha dị ka asụsụ pụrụ iche. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=@therecord|title=Five misconceptions about Rana Tharus - The Record|url=https://www.recordnepal.com/five-misconceptions-about-rana-tharu-and-pan-tharu-identity|accessdate=2024-01-04|work=www.recordnepal.com|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Asụsụ Central Tharu ===
'''Chitwania Tharu''' makwaara dị ka '''Lalpuriya Tharu, Madhya Ksetriya Tharu''' ma ọ bụ '''Central Tharu''' bụ ndị na-ekwu okwu 250,000 n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Osimiri Gandaki, na na gburugburu Chitwan Valley . Ụfọdụ ụdịdị Chitwania yiri ka ha na [[Asụsụ Pattani|Manchad]], asụsụ Sino-Tibet nwere myirịta nkwuwa okwu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=1972 Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies (CNAS) &amp; SIL International|first=Dorothy Leal|title=Chitwan Tharu phonemic summary|url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/36/60/20/36602041748457268053201464034384501291/Chitwan_Tharu_phonemic_summary.pdf|work=Language and Culture Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Asụsụ Eastern Tharu ===
'''Kochila Tharu''' a na-akpọkwa '''Moangiya, Saptariya Tharu, Madhya-Purbiya Tharu''' ma ọ bụ '''Mid-Eastern Tharu''' bụ ụdị Tharu dị iche iche, nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 250,000 na-asụ, na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ na etiti Nepal. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=LANGUAGE OF SAPTARIYA THARU|url=https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/RESEARCHER/article/view/9885/8062}}&lt;/ref&gt; A naghị ahụ obodo Kochila Tharu iche, mana ha na-ebi na mpaghara ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ jikọtara ọnụ. &quot;N'adịghị ka ọdịda anyanwụ Terai ebe ndị Tharus bụ naanị agbụrụ na-achị achị, ọwụwa anyanwụ - karịsịa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - Terai bụ ọtụtụ agbụrụ nwere njikọ asụsụ dị iche iche bi.&quot; Kochila nwere isi olumba atọ a na-asụ n'etiti etiti etiti na ọwụwa anyanwụ Nepal nke bụ ''Western Kochila'', ''Saptariya Kochila'' na ''Morangiya Kochila'' na ndabere nke ọgụgụ isi ha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Linguistic Survey of Nepal (LinSuN)|first=Central Department of Linguistics Tribhuvan University, Nepal and SIL International 2013|title=A Sociolinguistic Study of Kochila Tharu in Southeast Nepal|url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/13/61/99/136199776406127007473396089765757813692/Kochila_Tharu_Report.pdf|accessdate=2022-10-08|archivedate=2022-10-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023182108/https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/13/61/99/136199776406127007473396089765757813692/Kochila_Tharu_Report.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnọdụ gọọmentị ==
Asụsụ Tharu bụ asụsụ nke anọ a na-asụkarị na Nepal na-aza 5.88% nke ngụkọta ndị Nepal dịka ngụkọ 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nepal languages|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NP/languages|accessdate=15 Dec 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=caste-ethnicity-report {{!}} national_population and housing_census_year results|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=censusnepal.cbs.gov.np}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity &quot;caste-ethnicity-report | national_population and housing_census_year results&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka iwu nke Nepal 2015 (2072 BS) si kwuo, asụsụ obodo niile a na-asụ na Nepal bụ asụsụ mba nke Nepal gụnyere Tharu. &lt;ref name=&quot;constitution2072&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Constitution of Nepal|url=https://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Constitution-of-Nepal.pdf|accessdate=28 October 2021|work=Nepal Law Commission}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kọmịshọna Asụsụ Nepal akwadola ka Tharu bụrụ asụsụ nchịkwa gọọmentị na Lumbini na Sudurpaschim Province . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;सरकारी कामकाजको भाषाका आधारहरूको निर्धारण तथा भाषासम्बन्धी सिफारिसहरू (पञ्चवर्षीय प्रतिवेदन- साराांश) २०७८&quot; Language Commission (in Nepali).|url=https://languagecommission.gov.np/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906171816/https://languagecommission.gov.np/files/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%20%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE.pdf|archivedate=6 September 2021|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=languagecommission.gov.np}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kọmịshọna ahụ akwadokwara ka a mee Tharu ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ gọọmentị na mpaghara Nepal niile dịka Bagmati, Koshi, Madhesh, Gandaki na Karnali mpaghara maka mpaghara na ebumnuche dị na mpaghara ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=सरकारी कामकाजको भाषाका आधारहरूको निर्धारण तथा भाषासम्बन्धी सिफारिसहरू (पञ्चवर्षीय प्रतिवेदन- साराांश) २०७८|url=https://languagecommission.gov.np/files/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%20%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE.pdf|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=Language Commission|publisher=Language Commission of Nepal|language=ne|archivedate=2021-09-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906171816/https://languagecommission.gov.np/files/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%20%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ọkwa mpaghara, Tharu nwere ọkwa gọọmentị na Ghorahi sub-metropolitan nke Dang district . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghorahi to start classes in Tharu language|url=http://english.ratopati.com/story/14483|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=english.ratopati.com|language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Native language teaching fails to impress Tharu community|url=http://kathmandupost.com/national/2016/08/24/native-language-teaching-fails-to-impress-tharu-community|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=kathmandupost.com|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tharu to become official language in Ghorahi|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/33949/|accessdate=2024-04-04|work=My Republica|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkesa ala ==

=== Nepal ===
Na Nepal a na-asụ asụsụ Tharu na mpaghara Terai niile site na osimiri Mechi dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo osimiri Mahakali dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na mpaghara ndị a: &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Map View: Table LANGUAGE - NepalMap|url=https://nepalmap.org/data/map/?table=LANGUAGE&amp;geo_ids=district%7Cprovince-3,district%7Ccountry-NP&amp;primary_geo_id=district-35#column%7CTharu,sumlev%7Cdistrict|accessdate=2024-04-04|work=nepalmap.org|archivedate=2024-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404070944/https://nepalmap.org/data/map/?table=LANGUAGE&amp;geo_ids=district%7Cprovince-3,district%7Ccountry-NP&amp;primary_geo_id=district-35#column%7CTharu,sumlev%7Cdistrict}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Mpaghara Koshi : Mpaghara Jhapa, Mpaghara Morang, Mpaghara Sunsari na Udayapur District
* Madhesh Province : Parsa District, Bara District, Rautahat District, Sarlahi District, Mahottari District, Siraha District na Saptari District.
* Bagmati Province : Chitwan District, Makwanpur District, Sindhuli District na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na Kathmandu ( Kathmandu District, Bhaktapur District na Lalitpur District )
* Mpaghara Gandaki : Mpaghara Nawalpur na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na mpaghara Kaski ( Pokhara )
* Mpaghara Lumbini : Mpaghara Banke, Mpaghara Bardiya, Mpaghara Dang, Mpaghara Kapilvastu, Mpaghara Parasi na mpaghara Rupandehi
* Mpaghara Karnali : Mpaghara Surkhet
* Mpaghara Sudurpaschim : Kailali District na Kanchanpur District

Site na mmụba nke ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ na mbata mba ụwa ndị na-asụ Tharu apụtala na mpaghara ọ bụla nke Nepal na mba dị iche iche dịka US, Japan, Qatar, UAE na Australia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nepali Tharu community is all set to celebrate maghi festival for the first time in Australia|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/language/nepali/en/article/nepali-tharu-community-is-all-set-to-celebrate-maghi-festival-for-the-first-time-in-australia/1dbe8e9us|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=SBS Language|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-02-16|title=Nepalese Tharu community celebrates Maghi|url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/480221/nepalese-tharu-community-celebrates-maghi|accessdate=2024-01-27|work=Gulf Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== India ===
N'India a na-asụ asụsụ Tharu n'akụkụ oke ala Nepal. Na steeti Utrakhand a na-asụ ya na mpaghara Udham Singh Nagar . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttarakhand|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10225/download/13337/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0500.XLSX|work=www.censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Bihar, a na-asụ ya na mpaghara East Champaran na West Champaran . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=PTI|date=2022-06-12|title=Bihar: Tharu and Surjapuri languages facing extinction|url=https://theprint.in/india/bihar-tharu-and-surjapuri-languages-facing-extinction/993794/|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=ThePrint|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Uttar Pradesh a na-asụ ya na mpaghara Lakhimpur Kheri, Balrampur, Shravasti, Gorakhpur, Basti, Bahraich na Gonda . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== fonology ==
Ndị na-esonụ nwere ọtụtụ n'ime olu Daungara na Rana:

=== Consonants ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
!Labial
!Dental/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alveolar
!Retroflex
!Post-alv./&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Stop/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Affricate
!{{small|[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
|{{IPAlink|p}}
|{{IPAlink|t}}
|{{IPAlink|ʈ}}
|{{IPAlink|tʃ}}
|{{IPAlink|k}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]}}
|{{IPAlink|pʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|tʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|ʈʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|tʃʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|kʰ}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|{{IPAlink|b}}
|{{IPAlink|d}}
|{{IPAlink|ɖ}}
|{{IPAlink|dʒ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɡ}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|{{IPAlink|bʱ}}
|{{IPAlink|dʱ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɖʱ}}
|{{IPAlink|dʒʱ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɡʱ}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nasal
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|{{IPAlink|m}}
|{{IPAlink|n}}
|
|({{IPA link|ɲ}})
|{{IPAlink|ŋ}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|{{IPA link|m̤}}
|{{IPA link|n̤}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|ŋ̈}}
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Fricative
|
|{{IPAlink|s}}
|
|
|
|{{IPAlink|h}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tap
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|
|{{IPAlink|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɾ̤}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Trill
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|
|({{IPA link|r}})
|
|
|
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|
|({{IPA link|r̤}})
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lateral
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|
|{{IPAlink|l}}
|
|
|
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|
|{{IPA link|l̤}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Approximant
|{{IPAlink|w}}
|
|
|{{IPAlink|j}}
|
|
|}

* /n/ can be heard as a palatal [ɲ] when preceding a palatal affricate.
* /ɾ, ɾ̤/ may be in free variation with trill sounds [r, r̤] in the Rana dialect.
* Palato-alveolar affricate sounds /tʃ, tʃʰ, dʒ, dʒʱ/ are heard as alveolar affricate sounds [ts, tsʰ, dz, dzʱ] in the Rana dialect.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dhakal|first=Dubi Nanda|title=Notes on Rana Tharu Grammar Notes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Udaume ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!
! N'ihu
! Central
! Azu
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
! Elu
| i
|
| u
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
! N'etiti
| e
| ə
| o
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
! Dị ala
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | a
|-
! Diphthong
| {{IPA|əi}}
|
| {{IPA|əu}}
|}

* Nasalization na-apụtakwa dị ka / ĩ, ũ, ẽ, ə̃, õ, ã /.
* A na-anụ ụdaume / i, u, e, a / dị ka [ ɪ, ʊ, ɛ, ɑ ] mgbe ha nọ n'ụdị lax.
* /ə / a na-anụ dị ka [ ɐ ] mgbe ọ na-ebu ụzọ ma ọ bụ na-eso consonants velar ma ọ bụ glottal.
* /a / enwere ike ịnụ ka [ æ ] mgbe a na-eso /j / ma ọ bụ dị ka [ ɒ ] mgbe ị na-eso /w / . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Boehm|first=Edward D.|title=A Descriptive Phonology of Dangaura Tharu|year=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>k9y4ar9wn2gy7s1rda6xlsfniqlszws</sha1>
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      <text bytes="17773" sha1="7swigmx1ccyeh7tkxqsau1hhwy5hew1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:OpenSpeaks-thq-Eastern Tharu-Achhai Chaudhary-SC-Medicinal Plants 01.webm|thumb|Onye na-agwọ ọrịa ọdịnala nke Tharu na-akọwa osisi ọgwụ mpaghara na Saptariya Tharu (asụsụ Tharu)]]

Nke '''Tharu''' ( Tharu : थारु, {{Audio|OpenSpeaks-thq-Saptariya-Tharu-Sanjib Chaudhary-Pronunciation Tharu.wav|ịkpọ okwu}}, Hindi   ) ma ọ bụ '''Tharuhat''' ( Nepali   ) asụsụ bụ nke ọ bụla n'ime asụsụ Indo-Aryan nke ndị Tharu nke mpaghara Terai na Nepal na-asụ na mpaghara Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh na Bihar na India na-asụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_uttaranchal.pdf|author=Office of the Registrar General, India (2001)|title=Uttaranchal. Data Highlights: The Scheduled Tribes. Census of India 2001|accessdate=2008-03-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_up.pdf | author = Office of the Registrar General, India (2001) | title= Uttar Pradesh. Data Highlights: The Scheduled Tribes. Census of India 2001}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFOffice_of_the_Registrar_General,_India_(2001)&quot;&gt;Office of the Registrar General, India (2001). [http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_up.pdf &quot;Uttar Pradesh. Data Highlights: The Scheduled Tribes. Census of India 2001&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-maint citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Template:cite web|cite web]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ([[:Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list|link]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list]]&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-asụ asụsụ Tharu n'ime obodo Tharu. Asụsụ ndị a yiri asụsụ ndị ọzọ gbara agbata obi. Asụsụ Tharu bụ otu n'ime asụsụ a kacha asụ na Nepal . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Guneratne|first=Arjun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T7FWQ6dzYZQC|title=Many Tongues, One People: The Making of Tharu Identity in Nepal|date=2002|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-8728-6|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Agbanyeghi na nhazi nke ha nke ọma n'ime Indo-Aryan ka ejighị n'aka, asụsụ Tharu nwere myirịta dị elu na asụsụ ndị agbata obi dịka Kumaoni, Awadhi, [[Asụsụ Maithili|Maithili]], Bengali, Rajbanshi na Bhojpuri . Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke ụfọdụ ezinaụlọ Tharu na-egosi ihe mgbe ochie, ' ụmụ amaala ' substratum, nwere ike na-ebu ụzọ ma ndị Sino-Tibet ma ọ bụ Indo-Aryan . Asụsụ Tharu yiri ka ọ bụ mgbanwe n'ime ọnọdụ Indo-Aryan. 

== Asụsụ na olumba ==
Obodo Tharu dị n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke Nepal na India anaghị asụ otu asụsụ dịka agbụrụ ndị ọzọ n'ihi na ọ dị iche n'etiti ọwụwa anyanwụ, etiti na ọdịda anyanwụ Terai. Enwere asụsụ Tharu dị iche iche na-asụ site n'ọtụtụ obere obere mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Tharu gbasasịrị n'ọtụtụ mpaghara Terai. Myirịta lexical n'etiti asụsụ Tharu dị iche iche dịgasị n'etiti 81% na 51% dabere na asụsụ Tharu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Krauskopff, G.|year=1995|title=The anthropology of the Tharus: an annoted bibliography|url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/kailash/pdf/kailash_17_0304_05.pdf|journal=Kailash|volume=17|issue=3/4|pages=185–213}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Asụsụ Western Tharu ===
'''Dangaura''' na '''Kathariya Tharu''' bụ Tharu dị iche iche nwere nghọta nke na-asụ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Osimiri Gandaki, nke ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 1.3. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Linguistic Survey of Nepal (LinSuN) Central Department of Linguistics Tribhuvan University|title=Dangaura Tharu language|url=https://elibrary.tucl.edu.np/bitstream/123456789/4158/2/Chapter.pdf|accessdate=2025-03-20|archivedate=2024-01-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104143551/https://elibrary.tucl.edu.np/bitstream/123456789/4158/2/Chapter.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Copula Construction in Kathariya Tharu|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371522827}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa, ụdị ọzọ nke Tharu, nke a maara dị ka '''Sonha''', na Dangaura nwere nghọta nke ukwuu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Chaudhary|first=Anil Dutta|title=Phonological study of the Sonaha language|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346761434}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''[[Asụsụ Rana Tharu|Rana Tharu]]''' na '''Buksa''' bụ ụdị Tharu nwere nghọta n'etiti ihe ruru mmadụ 250,000 na-asụ n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke osimiri Karnali yana na steeti India nke Uttrakahand na Uttar Pradesh . Ọ dị ka Western Hindi na Awadhi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dhakal|first=Dubi Nanda|title=Notes on Rana Tharu language|url=https://www.academia.edu/43908543}}&lt;/ref&gt; Charter Nepal nke dị ụbọchị 18 Mee 2020 depụtara Rana Tharus dị ka agbụrụ dị iche na asụsụ ha dị ka asụsụ pụrụ iche. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=@therecord|title=Five misconceptions about Rana Tharus - The Record|url=https://www.recordnepal.com/five-misconceptions-about-rana-tharu-and-pan-tharu-identity|accessdate=2024-01-04|work=www.recordnepal.com|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Asụsụ Central Tharu ===
'''Chitwania Tharu''' makwaara dị ka '''Lalpuriya Tharu, Madhya Ksetriya Tharu''' ma ọ bụ '''Central Tharu''' bụ ndị na-ekwu okwu 250,000 n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Osimiri Gandaki, na na gburugburu Chitwan Valley . Ụfọdụ ụdịdị Chitwania yiri ka ha na [[Asụsụ Pattani|Manchad]], asụsụ Sino-Tibet nwere myirịta nkwuwa okwu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=1972 Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies (CNAS) &amp; SIL International|first=Dorothy Leal|title=Chitwan Tharu phonemic summary|url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/36/60/20/36602041748457268053201464034384501291/Chitwan_Tharu_phonemic_summary.pdf|work=Language and Culture Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Asụsụ Eastern Tharu ===
'''Kochila Tharu''' a na-akpọkwa '''Moangiya, Saptariya Tharu, Madhya-Purbiya Tharu''' ma ọ bụ '''Mid-Eastern Tharu''' bụ ụdị Tharu dị iche iche, nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 250,000 na-asụ, na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ na etiti Nepal. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=LANGUAGE OF SAPTARIYA THARU|url=https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/RESEARCHER/article/view/9885/8062}}&lt;/ref&gt; A naghị ahụ obodo Kochila Tharu iche, mana ha na-ebi na mpaghara ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ jikọtara ọnụ. &quot;N'adịghị ka ọdịda anyanwụ Terai ebe ndị Tharus bụ naanị agbụrụ na-achị achị, ọwụwa anyanwụ - karịsịa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - Terai bụ ọtụtụ agbụrụ nwere njikọ asụsụ dị iche iche bi.&quot; Kochila nwere isi olumba atọ a na-asụ n'etiti etiti etiti na ọwụwa anyanwụ Nepal nke bụ ''Western Kochila'', ''Saptariya Kochila'' na ''Morangiya Kochila'' na ndabere nke ọgụgụ isi ha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Linguistic Survey of Nepal (LinSuN)|first=Central Department of Linguistics Tribhuvan University, Nepal and SIL International 2013|title=A Sociolinguistic Study of Kochila Tharu in Southeast Nepal|url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/13/61/99/136199776406127007473396089765757813692/Kochila_Tharu_Report.pdf|accessdate=2022-10-08|archivedate=2022-10-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023182108/https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/13/61/99/136199776406127007473396089765757813692/Kochila_Tharu_Report.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnọdụ gọọmentị ==
Asụsụ Tharu bụ asụsụ nke anọ a na-asụkarị na Nepal na-aza 5.88% nke ngụkọta ndị Nepal dịka ngụkọ 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nepal languages|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NP/languages|accessdate=15 Dec 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=caste-ethnicity-report {{!}} national_population and housing_census_year results|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=censusnepal.cbs.gov.np}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity &quot;caste-ethnicity-report | national_population and housing_census_year results&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka iwu nke Nepal 2015 (2072 BS) si kwuo, asụsụ obodo niile a na-asụ na Nepal bụ asụsụ mba nke Nepal gụnyere Tharu. &lt;ref name=&quot;constitution2072&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Constitution of Nepal|url=https://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Constitution-of-Nepal.pdf|accessdate=28 October 2021|work=Nepal Law Commission}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kọmịshọna Asụsụ Nepal akwadola ka Tharu bụrụ asụsụ nchịkwa gọọmentị na Lumbini na Sudurpaschim Province . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;सरकारी कामकाजको भाषाका आधारहरूको निर्धारण तथा भाषासम्बन्धी सिफारिसहरू (पञ्चवर्षीय प्रतिवेदन- साराांश) २०७८&quot; Language Commission (in Nepali).|url=https://languagecommission.gov.np/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906171816/https://languagecommission.gov.np/files/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%20%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE.pdf|archivedate=6 September 2021|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=languagecommission.gov.np}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kọmịshọna ahụ akwadokwara ka a mee Tharu ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ gọọmentị na mpaghara Nepal niile dịka Bagmati, Koshi, Madhesh, Gandaki na Karnali mpaghara maka mpaghara na ebumnuche dị na mpaghara ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=सरकारी कामकाजको भाषाका आधारहरूको निर्धारण तथा भाषासम्बन्धी सिफारिसहरू (पञ्चवर्षीय प्रतिवेदन- साराांश) २०७८|url=https://languagecommission.gov.np/files/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%20%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE.pdf|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=Language Commission|publisher=Language Commission of Nepal|language=ne|archivedate=2021-09-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906171816/https://languagecommission.gov.np/files/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%20%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ọkwa mpaghara, Tharu nwere ọkwa gọọmentị na Ghorahi sub-metropolitan nke Dang district . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghorahi to start classes in Tharu language|url=http://english.ratopati.com/story/14483|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=english.ratopati.com|language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Native language teaching fails to impress Tharu community|url=http://kathmandupost.com/national/2016/08/24/native-language-teaching-fails-to-impress-tharu-community|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=kathmandupost.com|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tharu to become official language in Ghorahi|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/33949/|accessdate=2024-04-04|work=My Republica|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkesa ala ==

=== Nepal ===
Na Nepal a na-asụ asụsụ Tharu na mpaghara Terai niile site na osimiri Mechi dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo osimiri Mahakali dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na mpaghara ndị a: &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Map View: Table LANGUAGE - NepalMap|url=https://nepalmap.org/data/map/?table=LANGUAGE&amp;geo_ids=district%7Cprovince-3,district%7Ccountry-NP&amp;primary_geo_id=district-35#column%7CTharu,sumlev%7Cdistrict|accessdate=2024-04-04|work=nepalmap.org|archivedate=2024-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404070944/https://nepalmap.org/data/map/?table=LANGUAGE&amp;geo_ids=district%7Cprovince-3,district%7Ccountry-NP&amp;primary_geo_id=district-35#column%7CTharu,sumlev%7Cdistrict}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Mpaghara Koshi : Mpaghara Jhapa, Mpaghara Morang, Mpaghara Sunsari na Udayapur District
* Madhesh Province : Parsa District, Bara District, Rautahat District, Sarlahi District, Mahottari District, Siraha District na Saptari District.
* Bagmati Province : Chitwan District, Makwanpur District, Sindhuli District na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na Kathmandu ( Kathmandu District, Bhaktapur District na Lalitpur District )
* Mpaghara Gandaki : Mpaghara Nawalpur na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na mpaghara Kaski ( Pokhara )
* Mpaghara Lumbini : Mpaghara Banke, Mpaghara Bardiya, Mpaghara Dang, Mpaghara Kapilvastu, Mpaghara Parasi na mpaghara Rupandehi
* Mpaghara Karnali : Mpaghara Surkhet
* Mpaghara Sudurpaschim : Kailali District na Kanchanpur District

Site na mmụba nke ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ na mbata mba ụwa ndị na-asụ Tharu apụtala na mpaghara ọ bụla nke Nepal na mba dị iche iche dịka US, Japan, Qatar, UAE na Australia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nepali Tharu community is all set to celebrate maghi festival for the first time in Australia|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/language/nepali/en/article/nepali-tharu-community-is-all-set-to-celebrate-maghi-festival-for-the-first-time-in-australia/1dbe8e9us|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=SBS Language|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-02-16|title=Nepalese Tharu community celebrates Maghi|url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/480221/nepalese-tharu-community-celebrates-maghi|accessdate=2024-01-27|work=Gulf Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== India ===
N'India a na-asụ asụsụ Tharu n'akụkụ oke ala Nepal. Na steeti Utrakhand a na-asụ ya na mpaghara Udham Singh Nagar . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttarakhand|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10225/download/13337/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0500.XLSX|work=www.censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Bihar, a na-asụ ya na mpaghara East Champaran na West Champaran . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=PTI|date=2022-06-12|title=Bihar: Tharu and Surjapuri languages facing extinction|url=https://theprint.in/india/bihar-tharu-and-surjapuri-languages-facing-extinction/993794/|accessdate=2023-12-15|work=ThePrint|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Uttar Pradesh a na-asụ ya na mpaghara Lakhimpur Kheri, Balrampur, Shravasti, Gorakhpur, Basti, Bahraich na Gonda . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== fonology ==
Ndị na-esonụ nwere ọtụtụ n'ime olu Daungara na Rana:

=== Consonants ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
!Labial
!Dental/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alveolar
!Retroflex
!Post-alv./&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Stop/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Affricate
!{{small|[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
|{{IPAlink|p}}
|{{IPAlink|t}}
|{{IPAlink|ʈ}}
|{{IPAlink|tʃ}}
|{{IPAlink|k}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]}}
|{{IPAlink|pʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|tʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|ʈʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|tʃʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|kʰ}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|{{IPAlink|b}}
|{{IPAlink|d}}
|{{IPAlink|ɖ}}
|{{IPAlink|dʒ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɡ}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|{{IPAlink|bʱ}}
|{{IPAlink|dʱ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɖʱ}}
|{{IPAlink|dʒʱ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɡʱ}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nasal
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|{{IPAlink|m}}
|{{IPAlink|n}}
|
|({{IPA link|ɲ}})
|{{IPAlink|ŋ}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|{{IPA link|m̤}}
|{{IPA link|n̤}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|ŋ̈}}
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Fricative
|
|{{IPAlink|s}}
|
|
|
|{{IPAlink|h}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tap
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|
|{{IPAlink|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɾ̤}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Trill
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|
|({{IPA link|r}})
|
|
|
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|
|({{IPA link|r̤}})
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lateral
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|
|{{IPAlink|l}}
|
|
|
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|
|{{IPA link|l̤}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Approximant
|{{IPAlink|w}}
|
|
|{{IPAlink|j}}
|
|
|}

* /n/ can be heard as a palatal [ɲ] when preceding a palatal affricate.
* /ɾ, ɾ̤/ may be in free variation with trill sounds [r, r̤] in the Rana dialect.
* Palato-alveolar affricate sounds /tʃ, tʃʰ, dʒ, dʒʱ/ are heard as alveolar affricate sounds [ts, tsʰ, dz, dzʱ] in the Rana dialect.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dhakal|first=Dubi Nanda|title=Notes on Rana Tharu Grammar Notes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Udaume ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!
! N'ihu
! Central
! Azu
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
! Elu
| i
|
| u
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
! N'etiti
| e
| ə
| o
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
! Dị ala
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | a
|-
! Diphthong
| {{IPA|əi}}
|
| {{IPA|əu}}
|}

* Nasalization na-apụtakwa dị ka / ĩ, ũ, ẽ, ə̃, õ, ã /.
* A na-anụ ụdaume / i, u, e, a / dị ka [ ɪ, ʊ, ɛ, ɑ ] mgbe ha nọ n'ụdị lax.
* /ə / a na-anụ dị ka [ ɐ ] mgbe ọ na-ebu ụzọ ma ọ bụ na-eso consonants velar ma ọ bụ glottal.
* /a / enwere ike ịnụ ka [ æ ] mgbe a na-eso /j / ma ọ bụ dị ka [ ɒ ] mgbe ị na-eso /w / . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Boehm|first=Edward D.|title=A Descriptive Phonology of Dangaura Tharu|year=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>7swigmx1ccyeh7tkxqsau1hhwy5hew1</sha1>
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      <text bytes="1421" sha1="7zcym67neh4qp1gutiyfzzaa2ijs0fp" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Fan clubs Event flier.png|thumb|Health translation project event flier]]
=='''Overview'''==

The Health Translation Project is a collaborative effort aimed at improving the availability of information on health and medicine in the Igbo language, ensuring that it’s accessible to Igbo speakers. The project will focus on translating over 100 articles from English Wikipedia to Igbo Wikipedia, using the content translation tool. By closing this content gap, the project will enhance community engagement, promote linguistic inclusivity, and empower the Igbo-speaking community. The target wiki is Igbo Wikipedia.

=='''Project Timeline'''==
* March 21 - March 28, 2026
* Project Launch and Physical event - March 21, 2026 10:00 AM WAT 
* Venue: Pinewood hotel, owerri 
* Online training session - March 25, 2026 5:00 PM WAT
* Project ends - March 28, 2026 11:59 PM WAT&lt;br /&gt;

=='''Project Team'''==
* Project Lead: [[User:Chiziqa|Chiziqa]]
* Logistics and technical officer:[[User:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]]
* Communication manager and trainer: [[User:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]]

=='''Resources'''==
* [https://petscan.wmcloud.org/?psid=44503892 Topic list]

=='''Prizes'''==
* First Position - N15,000
* Second position - N12,000
* Third position - N10,000
* Fourth position - 8,000
* Fifth position - 5,000
*Sixth position - 5,000
*Seventh position - 5,000
[[Otú:Mmemme]]
[[Otú:Mmemme 2026]]</text>
      <sha1>7zcym67neh4qp1gutiyfzzaa2ijs0fp</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Event:Igbo Wikimedia Awareness in University of Nigeria Enugu Campus</title>
    <ns>1728</ns>
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        <username>Nwonwu Uchechukwu P</username>
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      <text bytes="2721" sha1="iikxo1gjza55f7qu742hdfbyp48i8pn" xml:space="preserve">== Igbo Wikimedia Awareness in University of Nigeria Enugu Campus ==

'''Igbo Wikimedia Awareness in University of Nigeria Enugu Campus''' is a Wikimedia outreach event aimed at introducing students and lecturers of the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC) to the Wikimedia Movement and Igbo Wikimedia projects. The event will be conducted as a physical, in-person session.

== Background ==
Awareness of Wikimedia activities and Igbo language projects is currently limited within the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC). This initiative seeks to bridge that gap by engaging students and lecturers directly, equipping them with the knowledge and skills needed to contribute to Igbo Wikipedia and other Wikimedia platforms.

== Objectives ==
* To introduce participants to the Wikimedia Movement
* To create awareness about Igbo Wikimedia projects
* To train new contributors on how to edit and contribute to Igbo Wikipedia
* To support participants in creating their own Wikimedia user accounts
* To increase Igbo language content online
* To build a community of Wikimedia contributors within UNEC

== Event Details ==
* '''Date:''' 25 March 2026
* '''Format:''' Physical (In-person)
* '''Location:''' University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC)

== Activities ==
* Awareness session on Wikimedia and its projects  
* Introduction to Igbo Wikipedia and other Igbo Wikimedia platforms  
* '''Account creation session for new participants'''  
* Hands-on training on editing Wikipedia  
* Translation edit-a-thon  

== Account Creation ==
Participants who do not already have Wikimedia accounts will be guided through the process of creating their accounts. This will enable them to actively participate in editing activities during and after the event.

== Edit-a-thon ==
Participants will take part in a translation edit-a-thon where they will work together to translate up to '''50''' English Wikipedia articles into Igbo. This activity is aimed at improving Igbo content online and giving participants practical editing experience.

== Expected Outcomes ==
* Increased awareness of Wikimedia within UNEC  
* New Wikimedia user accounts created  
* New editors contributing to Igbo Wikipedia  
* Up to '''50''' articles translated into Igbo  
* Strengthened presence of Igbo Wikimedia projects  

== Target Audience ==
* Students of UNEC  
* Lecturers and academic staff  
* Individuals interested in Igbo language and open knowledge  

== Participation ==
Participants are expected to attend the physical session and actively engage in the training, account creation, and edit-a-thon.


==Topic List==
https://petscan.wmcloud.org/?psid=44070216

== Organizer==
[[User:Nwonwu Uchechukwu P|Nwonwu Uchechukwu P]]</text>
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== Visibility of Communities in Nigeria 2.0 ==

''' Visibility of Communities in Nigeria on Wikidata 2.0 ''' This is a collaborative initiative to boost the online presence of Nigerian communities on Wikidata, focusing on South-South Nigeria and beyond. By adding and enriching community data items , we promote cultural preservation, tourism, and inclusive development.Join us in mapping Nigeria's Communities on the global map.

== Background ==
Nigerian communities are rich in culture and history, got various types of towns and villages, but many remain unrecognized online. This project aims to increase their visibility on Wikidata, promoting cultural preservation, tourism, and inclusive development.

== Objectives ==
* Increase representation of Nigerian communities on Wikidata
* Promote cultural preservation and tourism
* Empower community development through data
* Enhance inclusivity and equality

== Expected Outcome ==
* Contribute and translate up to 300 items of communities on Wikidata
* Train new and old members on contributing to Wikidata
* Boost Igbo language and culture growth and awareness.
* Improved online visibility for South-South Nigeria and other communities

== Target Audience ==
*Nigerian local community/village members 
*Wikimedia contributors
*Researchers and students
*General public interested in Nigerian culture

== Participation ==


==Organizers==
*[[User:Bridget2023]]
*[[User:Chrysella]]
*[[User:Nwosuphayvour]] 

[[Category: Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]
[[Otú:Mmemme]]
[[Otú:Mmemme 2026]]</text>
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|[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] 
|}

== Overview ==
'''The Igbo Lexemes + Wiktionary Project''' is aimed at improving the availability of audio pronunciation in the Igbo language. The project will focus on creating accurate and high-quality audio pronunciations, which will be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons, ensuring accessibility to both Igbo and non-Igbo speakers. These audio pronunciations will be added to the Forms of Igbo Lexemes on Wikidata and also Igbo Wiktionary articles. Site links to these Wiktionary articles will also be added on Wikidata. The Igbo lexemes will further be improved by adding more statements where applicable to Forms and Senses and translating the descriptions of Senses into the Igbo language. 

== Project goals ==
# Encourage volunteer participation and community engagement.
# Expand the Igbo lexemes, Igbo Wiktionary and Wikimedia Commons with high-quality audio pronunciation files.
# Ensure accessibility and accuracy of Igbo language content on Wikimedia projects.

== Project timeline ==
* Launch: Saturday, 18 April, 2026
** Time: 5:00 PM WAT 

* Venue: Zoom 

* Project ends: Thursday, 30 April 2026
** Time: 11:59 PM WAT

== Organizers ==
# [[User:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]]
# [[User:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]]

== To-do List ==
TBD

== Outcome ==
TBD

== Gallery ==
TBD</text>
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      <comment>added [[Category:Mmemme]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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|[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] 
|}

== Overview ==
'''The Igbo Lexemes + Wiktionary Project''' is aimed at improving the availability of audio pronunciation in the Igbo language. The project will focus on creating accurate and high-quality audio pronunciations, which will be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons, ensuring accessibility to both Igbo and non-Igbo speakers. These audio pronunciations will be added to the Forms of Igbo Lexemes on Wikidata and also Igbo Wiktionary articles. Site links to these Wiktionary articles will also be added on Wikidata. The Igbo lexemes will further be improved by adding more statements where applicable to Forms and Senses and translating the descriptions of Senses into the Igbo language. 

== Project goals ==
# Encourage volunteer participation and community engagement.
# Expand the Igbo lexemes, Igbo Wiktionary and Wikimedia Commons with high-quality audio pronunciation files.
# Ensure accessibility and accuracy of Igbo language content on Wikimedia projects.

== Project timeline ==
* Launch: Saturday, 18 April, 2026
** Time: 5:00 PM WAT 

* Venue: Zoom 

* Project ends: Thursday, 30 April 2026
** Time: 11:59 PM WAT

== Organizers ==
# [[User:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]]
# [[User:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]]

== To-do List ==
TBD

== Outcome ==
TBD

== Gallery ==
TBD

[[Otú:Mmemme]]</text>
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|[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] 
|}

== Overview ==
'''The Igbo Lexemes + Wiktionary Project''' is aimed at improving the availability of audio pronunciation in the Igbo language. The project will focus on creating accurate and high-quality audio pronunciations, which will be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons, ensuring accessibility to both Igbo and non-Igbo speakers. These audio pronunciations will be added to the Forms of Igbo Lexemes on Wikidata and also Igbo Wiktionary articles. Site links to these Wiktionary articles will also be added on Wikidata. The Igbo lexemes will further be improved by adding more statements where applicable to Forms and Senses and translating the descriptions of Senses into the Igbo language. 

== Project goals ==
# Encourage volunteer participation and community engagement.
# Expand the Igbo lexemes, Igbo Wiktionary and Wikimedia Commons with high-quality audio pronunciation files.
# Ensure accessibility and accuracy of Igbo language content on Wikimedia projects.

== Project timeline ==
* Launch: Saturday, 18 April, 2026
** Time: 5:00 PM WAT 

* Venue: Zoom 

* Project ends: Thursday, 30 April 2026
** Time: 11:59 PM WAT

== Organizers ==
# [[User:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]]
# [[User:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]]

== To-do List ==
TBD

== Outcome ==
TBD

== Gallery ==
TBD

[[Otú:Mmemme]]
[[Otú:Mmemme 2026]]</text>
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      <comment>Jiri 'Nnọọ!A bụ m 配合比全额更好（说说而已）.' kere ihü</comment>
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