Ahụike na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ coal

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    <title>Ahụike na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ coal</title>
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      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]])  [[File:CO2 Emissions by Source Since 1880.svg]] → [[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] · corr.</comment>
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      <text bytes="30847" sha1="0wxmr40qmr994dggjob0jux2m3qte4r" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Coal_mine_in_Dhanbad,_India.jpg|thumb|Ebe a na-egwupụta coal n'elu ala na Bihar, India]]
[[Usòrò:MTR1.jpg|thumb|Ọrụ igwu ala n'elu ugwu na United States]]
Mmetụta ahụike na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ coal na-agụnye ihe ndị dị ka iji ala eme ihe, nchịkwa mkpofu, mmiri na ikuku ikuku, nke sitere na ngwuputa coal, nhazi na iji ngwaahịa ya. Na mgbakwunye na mmetọ ikuku, ọkụ coal na-emepụta ọtụtụ narị nde tọn ihe mkpofu siri ike kwa afọ, gụnyere ntụ ijiji, ash nke ala, na sludge flue-gas desulfurization, nke nwere mercury, uranium, thorium, arsenic, na ọla ndị ọzọ dị arọ. Coal bụ ihe kacha enye aka na mmụba carbon dioxide nke mmadụ mere na ikuku ụwa.

Enwere mmetụta ahụike siri ike nke ọkụ na-ere ọkụ na-akpata. Dị ka akụkọ sitere n'aka Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa na 2008, a na-eme atụmatụ mmetọ coal ga-ebelata ihe dị ka ndụ 10,000 kwa afọ n'ụwa nile. Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2004 nke òtù gburugburu ebe obibi nyere ikike, mana nke United States Environmental Protection Agency kwadoro, kwubiri na ọkụ ọkụ na-efu mmadụ 24,000 ndụ kwa afọ na United States. N’oge na-adịbeghị anya, nnyocha e mere n’agụmakwụkwọ mere atụmatụ na ọnwụ akabeghị aka site na mmetọ ikuku metụtara coal dị ihe dị ka 52,000. Ọ bụrụ na atụnyere ọkụ eletrik nke sitere na gas sitere n'okike site na mgbawa hydraulic, ọkụ eletrik na-egbu egbu karịa ugboro 10-100, nke ka ukwuu n'ihi oke ihe na-esi na ya pụta n'oge ọkụ. Mgbe a na-atụnyere coal na ọgbọ fotovoltaic nke anyanwụ, nke ikpeazụ nwere ike ịzọpụta ndụ 51,999 America kwa afọ ma ọ bụrụ na anyanwụ ga-eji dochie anya ike nke sitere na coal na U.S. ọnwụ akaghi aka site na mmetọ coal maka ọrụ ọ bụla fọdụrụ na ngwuputa coal.

Na mgbakwunye, ndepụta nke ọdachi ndị na-egwupụta coal dị ogologo, ọ bụ ezie na ọnwụ coal metụtara ọrụ agbadala nke ukwuu ka ewepụtara usoro nchekwa yana ngwuputa ala dị n'okpuru enyela òkè ahịa na-egwupụta n'elu ala. Ihe egwu egwu egwu n'ime ala gụnyere ntachi, nsị gas, ndakpọ ụlọ na mgbawa gas. Ihe ize ndụ mwepu mepere emepe bụ ọdịda mgbidi m na ndakpọ ụgbọ ala. Na United States, nkezi nke ndị na-egwu kol 26 kwa afọ nwụrụ n'ime afọ iri 2005-2014.

== Nchịkwa ojiji ala ==

=== Mmetụta ọ na-enwe n'ala na gburugburu ya ===
Ngwuputa ihe ngwuputa nke ukwuu na-agbanwe odida obodo, nke na-ebelata uru nke gburugburu ebe obibi na ala gbara ya gburugburu. A na-arara elu ala ahụ maka ọrụ ndị na-egwuputa ihe ruo mgbe enwere ike ịmegharị ya ma weghachite ya. Ọ bụrụ na ekwere ka a na-egwupụta ihe, a ga-edozigharị ndị mmadụ bi n'ebe a na-egwupụta ihe; Akwụsịla ọrụ akụ na ụba, dị ka ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ ịchụ nta na ịchịkọta nri na osisi ọgwụ. Ihe na-aghọ nke ala ala mgbe a na-egwupụta ihe na-ekpebi site n'ụzọ e si eduzi Ngwuputa. Ọ na-abụkarị iweghachi ala nsogbu n'ọnọdụ iji ala adịghị ka ojiji mbụ. A na-ekpochapụ iji ala ndị dị adị (dị ka ịta anụ ụlọ, ihe ọkụkụ na mmepụta osisi) nwa oge n'ebe a na-egwupụta akụ. Mpaghara ndị nwere oke ọnụ ahịa dị oke egwu, dị ka usoro ime obodo na ụgbọ njem anaghị emetụta ọrụ ngwuputa. Ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ahịa ịnweta ezuru, enwere ike iwepụ nkwalite ndị a na mpaghara dị n'akụkụ.

Ngwuputa ogbunigwe na-ewepụ ahịhịa ndị dị adị, na-emebi profaịlụ ala mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na-ewepụ ma ọ bụ mebie anụ ọhịa na ebe obibi, na-agbanwe ihe eji eme ala ugbu a, na ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ na-agbanwe ọdịdị ọdịdị gburugburu ebe obibi. Mmetụta ọjọọ na njiri mara mbara ala nke mmasị mmadụ nwere ike ime n'ebe a na-egwupụta coal. Enwere ike ịchụ ihe gbasara geomorphic na geophysical na akụrụngwa ihe nkiri pụtara ìhè site n'ịgbapụta akụ na-enweghị isi. Enwere ike itinye ụkpụrụ gbasara ihe ọmụmụ, omenala, na ụkpụrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme ndị ọzọ n'ihe egwu n'ihi mmemme na-akpaghasị nke mgbawa, ịdọka, na igwupụta kol. Ịwepụ ibu ibu na-ewepụ ma na-ebibi ihe ndị mgbe ochie na akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ gwụla ma e wepụrụ ha tupu oge eruo.

Mwepụ nke mkpuchi ahịhịa na ihe omume jikọtara ya na iwu okporo ụzọ awara awara, ịkwakọba ala dị n'elu, ịkwaga oke ibu na ibugharị ala na coal na-abawanye ụbara uzuzu n'akụkụ ọrụ Ngwuputa. Uzuzu na-emebi ogo ikuku na mpaghara nso, na-enwe mmetụta dị njọ na ndụ ahịhịa, ma bụrụkwa ihe egwu ahụike na nchekwa maka ndị ọrụ ogbunigwe na ndị bi nso.

Ngwuputa ihe dị n'elu na-akpaghasị ihe niile mara mma nke odida obodo. Mgbanwe nke ụdị ala na-ebutekarị nhazi ndị na-amaghị ama na nkwụsị. Ụdị ahịrị ọhụrụ na-apụta ka a na-amịpụta ihe wee mepụta ikpo mkpofu. A na-ekpughe agba na textures dị iche iche ka a na-ewepụ ihe mkpuchi ahịhịa ma tụba ya n'akụkụ. A na-emepụta uzuzu, ịma jijiji na mmanụ dizel isi (na-emetụta anya, ụda, na isi). Ndị bi n'ime obodo na-ahụkarị mmetụta dị otú ahụ na-akpasu mmadụ iwe ma ọ bụ na-adịghị mma. Ọ bụrụ na a ga-ebupụ elu ugwu, a na-ewepụ elu ya n'ugwu ma ọ bụ ugwu iji kpughee oke coal dị n'okpuru. A na-edobe ala na nkume ndị e wepụrụ na ndagwurugwu dị nso, oghere na ịda mbà n'obi, na-ebute ụzọ mmiri gbochiri (na mmetọ).

Mwepụ nke ala na oke okwute na-ekpuchi akụ coal nwere ike ime ka olili na mfu nke ala dị n'elu, kpughee ihe ndị nne na nna, ma mepụta nnukwu ala tọgbọrọ chakoo. Ọgba aghara ala na nchikota jikọtara ya na-ebute ọnọdụ ndị na-ebute mbuze. Mwepụ ala site na mpaghara ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-egwupụta n'elu na-agbanwe ma ọ bụ na-emebi ọtụtụ àgwà ala eke, ma na-ebelata ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ na mmepụta ihe maka ọrụ ugbo. Enwere ike ịkpaghasị usoro ala site na ntucha ma ọ bụ ndakpọ mkpokọta.

M dara ada (ma ọ bụ ihe m na-eme) nwere ike ịmepụta mmetụta dị ukwuu n'elu ala, nke na-agbawa obi karịsịa na mpaghara mepere emepe. Ngwuputa coal n'okpuru ala German (karịsịa na North Rhine-Westphalia) emebiela ọtụtụ puku ụlọ, ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-egwupụta coal ewepụtala nnukwu ego na ego maka mmebi enyemaka n'ọdịnihu dịka akụkụ nke mkpuchi mkpuchi na atụmatụ enyemaka steeti. N'okwu dị egwu karịsịa na mpaghara Saar German (ebe ọzọ a na-egwupụta coal), ihe a na-enyo enyo na ogbunigwe dara na 2008 mere ka ala ọma jijiji ruru 4.0 n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ Richter, na-akpata mbibi ụfọdụ n'ụlọ. N'oge gara aga, obere ala ọma jijiji na-aghọwanye ihe a na-ahụkarị, a kwụsịkwara ịrụ ọrụ coal na mpaghara ahụ ruo nwa oge.

Na nzaghachi maka mmetụta ala na-adịghị mma nke ngwupụta coal na ụbara ogbunigwe ndị a gbahapụrụ na US, gọọmentị etiti weputara Iwu Ngwuputa Ngwuputa na Mweghachi nke 1977, nke chọrọ atụmatụ mweghachi maka saịtị ngwupụta coal n'ọdịnihu. Ndị ọchịchị gọọmenti etiti ma ọ bụ steeti ga-akwadorịrị atụmatụ ndị a tupu ịmalite igwu ala.

== Nchịkwa mmiri ==
Ngwuputa ihe dị n'elu nwere ike imebi mmiri dị n'ime ala n'ọtụtụ ụzọ: site na mwepu nke mmiri a na-eji eme ihe site na aquifers na-emighị emi; ibelata ọkwa mmiri na mpaghara ndị dị n'akụkụ na mgbanwe ntụgharị n'ime aquifers; mmetọ nke aquifers ndị a na-eji eme ihe n'okpuru ọrụ Ngwuputa n'ihi infiltration (percolation) nke mmiri m na-adịghị mma; na ịba ụba nke mmiri ozuzo na ikpo ihe nkwata. N'ebe coal ma ọ bụ carbonaceous shale dị, ịba ụba nbanye nwere ike ịkpata: mmụba nke mmiri na-adịghị mma na mbuze site na ikpo ihe nkwata, ịkwanye mmiri na-adịghị mma gaa na mmiri mmiri dị n'ime ala na mmiri na-adịghị mma na-asọba na iyi ndị dị nso.

Mmetọ nke ma mmiri ala na iyi dị nso nwere ike ịdị ogologo oge. Mbelata ogo iyi na-esi na mkpọpu acid mine, ihe ndị na-egbu egbu na-egbu egbu, ọdịnaya dị elu nke agbazere n'ime mmiri mgbapu m, na ụba sedimenti na-ebupụ na iyi. Mgbe ekpughere elu coal, pyrite na-abanye na mmiri na ikuku wee mepụta sulfuric acid. Ka mmiri na-esi na mpụta, acid na-abanye n'ime mmiri mmiri; Ọ bụrụhaala na mmiri ozuzo na-ada na ọdụ ọdụ m, mmepụta sulfuric-acid na-aga n'ihu, ma ogbunigwe ahụ ka na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ na ọ naghị arụ ọrụ. Okpokoro mkpofu na ikpo okwute coal nwere ike iwepụta sedimenti na iyi. Enwere ike ịme ka mmiri dị n'elu ghara ịdị mma maka ọrụ ugbo, oriri mmadụ, ịsa ahụ, ma ọ bụ ihe eji eme ụlọ ndị ọzọ.

Enwere teknụzụ ise bụ isi eji achịkwa mmiri na-asọ na saịtị m: usoro ntụgharị, ọdọ mmiri ash (ihe ndị dị n'elu), sistemu ịgba mmiri n'ime ala, sistemu mmiri n'okpuru ala, na mgbochi dị n'okpuru ala.

Na United States, n'ihi iwu gọọmentị etiti na steeti ole na ole gbasara ọdọ mmiri ash, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ anaghị eji geomembranes, sistemu nchịkọta leachate, ma ọ bụ njikwa eruba ndị ọzọ a na-ahụkarị na ebe mkpofu siri ike nke ime obodo. EPA kpọsara ihe ndị ọzọ siri ike chọrọ maka ọdọ mmiri ash na mkpofu mmiri na iwu mba mbụ ya na 2015. E mesịa, enweela ikpe na ọtụtụ mgbanwe ma ọ bụ atụgharịa n'usoro iwu. Iwu ikpeazụ na-echere ka ọnwa Disemba 2020.

=== Mmetọ mmiri ===
Igwe ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, na-eji ma ọ bụ coal ma ọ bụ lignite bara ụba na limestone, na-emepụta ntụ ijiji nwere calcium oxide (CaO). CaO na-agbaze ngwa ngwa n'ime mmiri iji mepụta lime slaked (Ca(OH)2) nke mmiri ozuzo na-ebuga na osimiri/mmiri ogbugba mmiri site na ebe a na-ekpofu ntụ. Usoro nro dị nro na-ebuli Ca na Mg ion / na-ewepụ ike ike nwa oge n'ime mmiri ma gbanwee sodium bicarbonates n'ime mmiri osimiri n'ime sodium carbonate. Sodium carbonate (ịsacha soda) na-emeghachi omume na nke fọdụrụ Ca na mg n'ime mmiri iji wepụ / kpalie mkpokọta ike. Ọzọkwa, nnu sodium na-agbaze mmiri dị na ntụ na-eme ka ọdịnaya sodium dị na mmiri na-aga n'ihu. Ya mere a na-agbanwe mmiri osimiri ka ọ bụrụ mmiri dị nro site n'iwepụ ion Ca na Mg na ịkwalite Na ion site na ọkụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ. Ngwa mmiri dị nro na ogbugba mmiri n'ubi (n'elu ma ọ bụ mmiri ala) na-eme ka ala na-eme nri ghọọ ala sodic alkaline. Mmiri mmiri alkalinity na sodicity n'ihi nchịkọta nke nnu na mmiri fọdụrụnụ mgbe ha zutere dị iche iche transpiration na evaporation losses, na-aghọ nnukwu mgbe ọtụtụ coal-chụọ n'ọrụ ji esi mmiri ọkụ na ike ọdụ na a osimiri efere. Mmiri mmiri mmiri na-emetụta ọdọ mmiri ndị dị na China, India, Egypt, Pakistan, west Asia, Australia, ọdịda anyanwụ US, wdg.

Ihe na-esi na ọdọ mmiri ash na-asọba n'elu mmiri na-agụnyekarị arsenic, lead, mercury, selenium, chromium, na cadmium. Na US, a na-ahazi mwepu n'elu mmiri site n'ikike dị na [[:en:Clean_Water_Act#Point_sources|National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System]](NPDES).

=== Nchịkwa ihe mkpofu ===
[[Usòrò:Aerial_view_of_ash_slide_site_Dec_23_2008_TVA.gov_123002.jpg|alt=Aerial photo of pollution caused by leaking sludge storage pond|thumb|402x402px|Foto si n'elu nke Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry site were n&quot;ụbọchị mgbe ihe omume ahụ gasịrị (23 Disemba 2008)]]
Ọkụ nke kol na-ahapụ nnukwu uyi ijiji, nke a na-echekwakarị na ọdọ mmiri ash (nchekwa mmiri) ma ọ bụ ebe a na-edebe ahịhịa (nchekwa akọrọ). Mmetọ ndị dị ka ọla dị arọ na-esi na ọdọ mmiri ndị na-enweghị eriri ma ọ bụ ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa na-abanye n'ime mmiri dị n'ime ala, ma nwee ike imetọ mmiri mmiri ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ ma ọ bụ narị afọ. EPA kewara saịtị 44 dị na US dị ka ihe egwu nwere ike ime obodo. Nkewa dị otú ahụ pụtara na ebe mkpofu nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ na nnukwu mmebi ihe onwunwe ma ọ bụrụ na ihe omume dịka oke ifufe, mwakpo ndị na-eyi ọha egwu ma ọ bụ ọdịda nhazi kpatara mwụfu. EPA mere atụmatụ na a na-eji ihe dị ka 300 ala akọrọ na ọdọ mmiri a na-echekwa mmiri na gburugburu obodo ahụ iji chekwaa ntụ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ. Ebe a na-echekwa ihe na-ejide ihe ndị na-adịghị ere ọkụ nke coal, gụnyere ntụ nke ngwá ọrụ e mere iji belata mmetọ ikuku.

N'ebe ndị nwere obere coal, ihe mkpofu na-eme ka ihe nketa. [citation needed]

=== Anụ Ọhịa ===
Ngwuputa coal dị n'elu na-ebute mmebi anụ ọhịa ozugbo na ozugbo. Mmetụta dị na anụ ọhịa sitere n'ụzọ bụ isi na-akpasu iwe, wepụ na ikesa elu ala. Mmetụta ụfọdụ na-adị mkpụmkpụ ma kpọchie ya na saịtị ogbunigwe mana ndị ọzọ nwere mmetụta dị ogologo, ogologo oge.

Mmetụta kachasị na anụ ọhịa bụ mbibi ma ọ bụ ịkwaga ụdị dị iche iche n'ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na ịkwakọrọ ihe. Ebe olulu na ihe akwatara akwata enweghị ike ịnye nri na mkpuchi maka ọtụtụ ụdị anụ ọhịa. Ụdị anụ ọhịa na-agagharị agagharị dị ka anụ ọhịa, nnụnụ, na anụ anụ na-ahapụ ebe ndị a. Enwere ike ibibi anụmanụ ndị ọzọ na-anọkarị otu ebe dị ka invertebrates, ihe na-akpụ akpụ, òké na-agba agba, na ụmụ anụmanụ ndị dị nta. Obodo nke microorganisms na usoro ịgba ígwè na-edozi ahụ na-ewe iwe site na mmegharị, nchekwa, na nkesa nke ala.

Mmebi nke ebe obibi mmiri bụ nnukwu mmetụta site na ngwuputa ala na enwere ike ịpụta ọtụtụ kilomita site na ebe a na-egwuputa ihe. Mmetọ mmiri dị n'elu na-ejikarị na-egwupụta ihe n'elu. Mkpụrụ sedimenti nwere ike mụbaa otu puku ugboro n'ogo nke mbụ ha n'ihi ngwupụta ihe.

Mmetụta sedimenti na anụ ọhịa dị n'ime mmiri na-adịgasị iche n'ụdị dị iche iche na oke mmetọ ya. Ọkwa sedimenti dị elu nwere ike igbu azụ ozugbo, lie akwa ndị na-amị mkpụrụ, belata nnyefe ọkụ, gbanwee gradients okpomọkụ, jupụta n'ọdọ mmiri, gbasaa iyi na-asọfe n'obosara, ebe ndị na-emighị emi, ma belata mmepụta nke mmiri mmiri na-eji dị ka nri nke ụdị ndị ọzọ. Mgbanwe ndị a na-emebi ebe obibi nke ụdị ndị bara uru ma nwee ike ịkwalite ebe obibi maka ụdị ndị na-adịghị achọsi ike. Ọnọdụ ndị dị adị adịlarị ntakịrị maka azụ̀ mmiri dị ọhụrụ na United States, na mgbaze nke ebe obibi ha nwere ike ime ka ha laa n'iyi. Ihe mmetọ sedimenti kacha njọ nke drainage na-abịakarị n'ime afọ 5 ruo 25 mgbe igwuchara ala. N'ebe ụfọdụ, mkpọkọrọ ihe ndị na-enweghị ahịhịa na-aga n'ihu na-emebi ọbụna afọ 50 ruo 65 ka e gwuchara ala.

Ọnụnọ nke ihe ndị na-emepụta acid ekpughere n'ihi ngwuputa ala nwere ike imetụta anụ ọhịa site n'iwepụ ebe obibi na site na ibibi ụfọdụ ụdị. Nleta dị nta nwere ike igbochi mmepụta, ọnụego uto na mmeputakwa nke ọtụtụ ụdị mmiri. Acids, mbelata nke ọla dị arọ, na nnukwu alkalinity nwere ike imebi anụ ọhịa n'akụkụ ụfọdụ. Ogologo oge mmetọ acidic-ihe mkpofu nwere ike ịdị ogologo; atụmatụ nke oge achọrọ iji kpochaa ihe acidic ekpughere na Eastern United States sitere na 800 ruo 3,000 afọ.

== Mmetọ ikuku ==

=== Mgbapụta ikuku ===
 
Coal na coal ngwaahịa (gụnyere uyi ijiji, ash ala na ji esi mmiri ọkụ) na-ahapụ ihe dị ka 20 kemịkalụ na-ahapụ nsị, gụnyere arsenic, lead, mercury, nickel, vanadium, beryllium, cadmium, barium, chromium, ọla kọpa, molybdenum, zinc, selenium. na radium, nke dị ize ndụ ma ọ bụrụ na ahapụ ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ndị a bụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha, a na-ere ọkụ zuru ezu nke na-ewepụta nnukwu ihe ndị a.

Mpumalanga Highveld dị na South Africa bụ mpaghara kachasị emetọ n'ụwa n'ihi ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta akụ na ụlọ ọrụ ike ọkụ na obere ala dị nso na ogige Kruger a ma ama na-eyikwa egwu nke ọrụ ogbunigwe ọhụrụ.
[[Usòrò:Power_Plants_USA_Air_pollutants_(Centrales_thermiques_pollution)_en.png|thumb|Ihe atụ nke mmetọ ikuku nke ụlọ ọrụ ike US mepụtara (gụnyere ma ụlọ ọkụ coal na mmanụ)]]
N'oge ọkụ ọkụ, mmeghachi omume n'etiti coal na ikuku na-emepụta oxides nke carbon, gụnyere carbon dioxide (CO2, gas greenhouse dị mkpa), oxides nke sọlfọ (karịsịa sulfur dioxide, SO2), na oxides dị iche iche nke nitrogen (NOx). N'ihi akụkụ hydrogenous na nitrogenous nke coal, a na-emepụtakwa hydrides na nitrides nke carbon na sọlfọ n'oge ọkụ nke coal na ikuku. Ndị a gụnyere hydrogen cyanide (HCN), sulfur nitrate (SNO3) na ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbu egbu.

SO2 na nitrogen oxide na-emeghachi omume n'ikuku iji mepụta irighiri ihe dị mma na ozone dị larịị ma na-ebuga ya ogologo oge, na-eme ka ọ na-esiri steeti ndị ọzọ ike inweta ọkwa nchịkwa mmetọ dị mma.

Ụlọ elu mmiri jụrụ oyi nke a na-eji n'ọdụ ọkụ na-agba ọkụ, wdg. na-ebupụ mkpagharị na ikuku bụ nke na-echekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Mfefe ahụ nwere ihe irighiri ihe kwụsịrị iku ume. N'ihe banyere ụlọ elu jụrụ oyi nke nwere etemeete mmiri nke oke osimiri, a na-edobe salts sodium n'ala ndị dị nso nke ga-eme ka ala ahụ ghọọ ala alkali, na-ebelata ọmụmụ nke ala ahịhịa ma na-ebutekwa mmebi nke ụlọ ndị dị nso.

Ọkụ na-apụta mgbe ụfọdụ n'akwa coal n'okpuru ala. Mgbe ekpughere ihe ndina coal, ihe egwu ọkụ na-abawanye. Coal na-ekpo ọkụ nwekwara ike ịbawanye okpomọkụ nke ala ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị n'elu. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkụ niile dị na kol siri ike bụ ọkụ ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ àmụ̀mà na-akpata. A na-akpata ọkụ ọkụ ozugbo mgbe coal oxidizes na ikuku erughi ezughi oke ikposa okpomọkụ; Nke a na-emekarị na nkwakọba na ikpo mkpofu, ọ na-adịkarịghị n'ime coal n'okpuru ala. N'ebe ọkụ kol na-eme, a na-enwe mmetọ ikuku nke anwụrụ ọkụ na uzuzu ọjọọ na-abanye n'ikuku. Ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ nwere ike ịgba n'okpuru ala ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, na-eyi mbibi nke oke ọhịa, ụlọ, okporo ụzọ na akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ bara uru. Ọkụ coal-seam kacha mara amara nwere ike ịbụ nke butere mpụ na Centralia, Pennsylvania, United States na-adịgide adịgide.

Ihe dị ka 75 Tg/S kwa afọ nke Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) na-ahapụ site na kol na-ere ọkụ. Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, Sulfur Dioxide bụ oxidized gaa na H2SO2 gaseous nke na-agbasa radieshon anyanwụ, ya mere mmụba ha na ikuku na-eme ka ọ dị jụụ na ihu igwe nke na-ekpuchi ụfọdụ okpomọkụ nke ikuku griin na-abawanye na-akpata. Ntọhapụ nke SO2 na-enyekwa aka n'ịbawanye acidification nke gburugburu ebe obibi.

=== Mgbapụta nke Mercury ===
N'afọ 2011, ụlọ ọrụ ike US wepụrụ ọkara nke mmetọ ikuku mercury nke mba ahụ. Na Febụwarị 2012, EPA nyere iwu Mercury na Air Toxics Standards (MATS), nke chọrọ ka osisi niile na-enu ọkụ na-ebelata oke ikuku mercury.

Na steeti New York, ifufe na-etinye mercury n'ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ na-agba ọkụ nke Midwest, na-emerụ mmiri nke Ugwu Catskill. A na-etinye Mercury n'agbụ nri, ebe ọ na-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ methylmercury, ihe na-egbu egbu nke na-emerụ ma anụ ọhịa ma ndị na-eri azụ mmiri dị ọcha. A na-eri mercury site na ikpuru, nke azụ na-eri, nke nnụnụ na-eri (gụnyere ugo nkwọcha). N'ihe dị ka afọ 2008, ọkwa mercury dị na ugo nkwọcha na Catskills eruola elu ọhụrụ. &quot;Ndị mmadụ na-enweta methylmercury ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kpamkpam site na iri azụ na anụ ọhịa ndị na-adịghị mma bụ ndị nọ n'elu eriri nri mmiri.&quot; Azụ azụ̀ dị n'oké osimiri na-akpata ihe ka ọtụtụ ná mkpughe mmadụ na methylmercury; Aghọtachaghị isi mmalite nke methylmercury n'ime oke osimiri.

=== Ọnwụ na ọrịa na-efe efe kwa afọ ===
Na 2008 Healthtù Ahụ Ike (wa (WHO) na òtù ndị ọzọ gbakọrọ na coal particulates mmetọ na-akpata ihe dị ka otu nde mmadụ na-anwụ kwa afọ n'ụwa nile, nke bụ ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ọnwụ akabeghị aka metụtara ihe niile ikuku mmetọ isi mmalite, dị ka ihe atụ na Istanbul site na ngụgụ ọrịa. na ọrịa kansa.

Ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe na-esi na kol na-ere ọkụ na-ebute gụnyere ezigbo particulates (PM2.5) na ozone larịị ala. Kwa afọ, ọkụ nke coal na-ejighị teknụzụ na-achịkwa mmetọ dịnụ na-akpata ọtụtụ puku mmadụ nwụrụ na United States. Nnyocha nke otu ndị nọọsụ Maryland nyere n'afọ 2006 chọpụtara na mpụta sitere na nanị isii n'ime osisi ndị na-agba ọkụ na Maryland kpatara ọnwụ 700 kwa afọ na mba niile, gụnyere 100 na Maryland. Ebe ọ bụ na etinyere ngwá ọrụ na-ebelata mmetọ n'otu n'ime isii ndị a, ụlọ ọrụ Brandon Shores, ugbu a &quot;na-emepụta pasent 90 na-erughị nitrogen oxide, ihe na-emepụta smog; pasent 95 na-ebelata sọlfọ, nke na-akpata mmiri ozuzo acid; na akụkụ dị ala nke ukwuu nke mmetọ ndị ọzọ.&quot;

=== Ọnụ ego akụ na ụba ===
Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2001 nke EU kwadoro nke a maara dị ka ExternE, ma ọ bụ Externalities of Energy, n'ime afọ iri site na 1995 ruo 2005 chọpụtara na ọnụ ahịa ọkụ eletrik sitere na coal ga-eji okpukpu abụọ karịa uru ọ bara ugbu a, ma ọ bụrụ na eburu n'uche ego mpụga. Ọnụ ego ndị a dị na mpụga gụnyere mmebi nke gburugburu ebe obibi yana ahụike mmadụ site na ihe ndị dị n'ikuku, nitrogen oxides, chromium VI na arsenic emission nke coal na-emepụta. A na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụ ahịa mmanụ ala, nke dị n'okpuru ala, ruru 1-2% nke EU's dum Gross Domestic Product (GDP), na coal bụ isi mmanụ ọkụ na-aza ajụjụ, na nke a bụ tupu ọnụahịa mpụga nke okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ sitere na ndị a. ọbụna gụnyere isi mmalite. Nnyocha ahụ chọpụtara na ọnụ ahịa gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike nke coal naanị bụ € 60 / MWh, na isi iyi ike nke ọnụ ahịa mpụga kacha ala bụ ike nuklia € 1.9 / MWh, na ike ikuku na € 0.90 / MWh.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ọdịda motherboard na China na India yiri ka ọ bụ n'ihi &quot;mmetọ ikuku sọlfọ na-emepụta site na coal nke ọkụ na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik. Ọ na-emebi sekit ọla kọpa, &quot;dị ka ndị nchọpụta Intel si kwuo.

== Greenhouse gas na-epupụta ==
[[Usòrò:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|325x325px|Mgbasa nke CO2 sitere na isi mmalite dị iche iche na-arị elu otu n'otu (Global Carbon Project).]]
Mkpọ ọkụ nke coal bụ ihe kacha enye aka na mmụba nke mmadụ mere CO2 na ikuku. Ọgbọ eletrik na-eji ọkụ ọkụ na-emepụta ihe dị ka okpukpu abụọ nke griin haus kwa kilowatt ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọgbọ na-eji gas sitere n'okike.

Ngwuputa coal na-ahapụ methane, gas na-eme ka ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ. Methane bụ ihe na-emekarị nke na-emebi emebi nke ihe ndị dị ndụ ka a na-emepụta ebe nchekwa coal na-abawanye omimi nke olili, okpomọkụ na-arị elu, na nrụgide na-arị elu karịa oge geological. Otu akụkụ nke methane a na-emepụta bụ coal na-abanye n'ime ya ma emesịa hapụ ya site na oke coal (na gburugburu ebe mgbagwoju anya) n'oge usoro Ngwuputa. Methane bụ pasent 10.5 nke ikuku griin ha na-emepụta site na ọrụ mmadụ. Dị ka Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ọchịchị Na-ahụ Maka Mgbanwe Climate si kwuo, methane nwere ike ikpo ọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ugboro 21 karịa nke carbon dioxide n'ime usoro iheomume nke otu narị afọ. Usoro nke Ngwuputa nwere ike ịhapụ akpa methane. Gas ndị a nwere ike ibute ndị na-egwu kol, yana ihe na-ebute mmetọ ikuku. Nke a bụ n'ihi ntụrụndụ nke nrụgide na mgbawa nke strata n'oge ọrụ Ngwuputa, nke na-ebute nchegbu nchekwa maka ndị na-egwupụta coal ma ọ bụrụ na ejighị ya nke ọma. Mwube nke nrụgide na strata nwere ike ibute mgbawa n'oge (ma ọ bụ mgbe) usoro Ngwuputa ihe ma ọ bụrụ na ewereghị ụzọ mgbochi, dị ka &quot;methane draining&quot;.

N'afọ 2008 James E. Hansen na Pushker Kharecha bipụtara nchọpụta sayensị nyochara ndị ọgbọ na-enyocha mmetụta nke nkwụsị coal na ọkwa CO2 ikuku. Ihe ngosi mbelata ihe ndabere ha bụ ihe nkwụsị nke ikuku coal zuru ụwa ọnụ site na 2050. N'okpuru azụmahịa dị ka ọnọdụ mbụ, ikuku ikuku CO2 na akụkụ 563 kwa nde (ppm) n'afọ 2100. N'okpuru ọnọdụ anọ nke coal-out scenarios, ikuku ikuku na CO2 kacha elu. 422–446 ppm n'etiti 2045 na 2060 wee daa ma emechaa.

== Ikpughe na radieshon ==
Coal nwekwara obere uranium, thorium, na isotopes redioaktivu ndị ọzọ na-emekarị nke, ọ bụrụ na ewepụtara ya na gburugburu ebe obibi, nwere ike ibute mmetọ redioaktivu. Osisi kol na-ebunye ụzarị ọkụ n'ụdị ash ijiji redio, bụ nke ndị agbata obi na-ekunye ma tinye ya n'ime ihe ọkụkụ. Akwụkwọ 1978 sitere na Oak Ridge National Laboratory mere atụmatụ na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ na-agba ọkụ n'oge ahụ nwere ike inye ndị agbata obi ha ihe ruru 19 µSv/a n'ime okirikiri 500m. Kọmiti Sayensị nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Mmetụta Atomic Radiation's 1988 akụkọ mere atụmatụ na dose 1 km dịpụrụ adịpụ ga-abụ 20 µSv/a maka osisi ndị meworo agadi ma ọ bụ 1 µSv/a maka osisi ọhụrụ nwere mma njide ntụ ijiji, mana enweghị ike ịkwado ọnụọgụ ndị a. site n'ule.

Ewezuga ihe mkpofu dị na ya na mwepụta a na-amaghị ama sitere na osisi nuklia, osisi coal na-ebu ọtụtụ ihe mkpofu redioaktivu n'ime gburugburu ebe karịa osisi nuklia kwa nkeji nke ike emepụtara. Radieshọn nke ihe ọkụkụ na-ebu site na ntụ ijiji na-ebupụta na-ebuga ụzarị ọkụ ugboro 100 karịa na gburugburu ebe obibi karịa ọrụ nkịtị nke ụlọ ọrụ nuklia na-arụpụta ihe. Ntụnyere a anaghị atụle ihe ndị ọzọ nke mmanụ ọkụ, ya bụ, coal na uranium Ngwuputa na nchacha na mkpofu. Ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ 1000-MWe na-ebute ụzarị ọkụ nuklia nke 490 mmadụ-rem / afọ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 136 onye-rem / afọ, maka ụlọ ọrụ ike nuklia yiri ya gụnyere uranium Ngwuputa, ọrụ reactor na mkpofu mkpofu. .

== Ihe ize ndụ nye ndị na-egwupụta ihe n'ala ==
N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ngwuputa coal bụ ọrụ dị oke egwu, na ndepụta nke ọdachi ndị na-egwupụta coal dị ogologo. Ihe ize ndụ ndị bụ isi bụ ọdịda mgbidi m na ndakpọ ụgbọ ala; Ihe egwu egwu egwu n'okpuru ala gụnyere ntachi, nsị gas, ndakpọ ụlọ na mgbawa gas. Ọrịa ngụgụ na-adịghị ala ala, dị ka pneumoconiosis (akpa ume ojii) na-ahụkarị na ndị na-egwuputa ihe, na-eduga ná mbelata ndụ ndụ. N'ụfọdụ mba ndị na-egwuputa ihe, ngụgụ ojii ka na-ahụkarị, yana ọrịa 4,000 ọhụrụ nke ngụgụ ojii kwa afọ na US (pasent 4 nke ndị ọrụ kwa afọ) yana ikpe 10,000 ọhụrụ kwa afọ na China (pasent 0.2 nke ndị ọrụ). Ọnụego ya nwere ike ịdị elu karịa ka akọwara na mpaghara ụfọdụ.

Na United States, nkezi nke ndị na-egwu kol 23 kwa afọ nwụrụ n'ime afọ iri 2007-2016. Ọdachi ndị US na-egwupụta coal na nso nso a gụnyere ọdachi Sago Mine nke January 2006. N'afọ 2007, ihe mberede ogbunigwe na Crandall Canyon Mine nke Utah gburu ndị na-egwuputa ihe itoolu, na-echichikwa isii. Ọdachi nke Upper Big Branch Mine na West Virginia gburu ndị na-egwupụta akụ 29 n'April 2010.

Otú ọ dị, ná mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe na ụfọdụ mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe, ọtụtụ ndị na-egwupụta ihe na-anọgide na-anwụ kwa afọ, site n'ihe mberede kpọmkwem n'ebe a na-egwupụta coal ma ọ bụ n'ihi ọrịa na-adịghị mma site n'ịrụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ adịghị mma. China, ọkachasị, nwere ọnụọgụ ọnwụ metụtara coal kacha elu n'ụwa, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ gọọmentị na-ekwu na ọnwụ 6,027 na 2004. N'iji atụnyere, a kọrọ ọnwụ 28 na US n'otu afọ ahụ. Mmepụta coal na China ji okpukpu abụọ karịa na US, ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-egwupụta coal dị ihe dị ka okpukpu 50 karịa nke US, na-anwụ na ogbunigwe na China ugboro 4 dị ka onye ọrụ ọ bụla (ugboro 108 ka ọ na-arụpụta otu otu) US.
[[Usòrò:Farmington-Mine-Disaster-smoke.jpg|thumb|Ọdachi nke ebe a na-egwupụta coal na Farmington gburu mmadụ 78. West Virginia, US, 1968.]]
A maara ihe owuwu nke gas dị ize ndụ dị ka mmiri:&lt;ref&gt;possibly from the German word &quot;Dampf&quot; which means steam or vapor&lt;/ref&gt;

* Mmiri ojii: ngwakọta nke carbon dioxide na nitrogen n'ime ebe a na-egwupụta ihe nwere ike ịkpata iku ume.  Ọnọdụ anoxic na-esite na mbelata nke oxygen na oghere ndị mechiri emechi, dịka site na corrosion.
* Mgbe mmiri: yiri mmiri ojii, mgbe mmiri na-agụnye carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide na nitrogen ma na'ụdị mgbe mgbawa nke ala gasịrị.
* Mmiri ọkụ: ihe mejupụtara ya bụ methane, gas na-ere ọkụ nke ukwuu nke na'agbawa n'etiti 5% na 15% na 25% ọ na na -akpata iku ume.
* Mmiri na-esi ísì: nke a na'ihi ísị àkwá rere ure nke gas hydrogen sulphide, mmiri na na ya nwere ike ịgbawa ma bụrụkwa ihe na -egbu egbu.
* Mmiri na-acha ọcha: ikuku nwere carbon monoxide nke na - na

Mgbawa ọkụ ọkụ nwere ike ịkpalite mgbawa uzuzu uzuzu dị oke egwu, nke nwere ike imikpu olulu dum. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ize ndụ ndị a nwere ike ibelata nke ukwuu na ogbunigwe ọgbara ọhụrụ, ọtụtụ ihe na-egbu egbu adịkwa ụkọ ugbu a n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ụwa mepere emepe. Ngwuputa ogbunigwe nke oge a na US na-ebute ihe dị ka ọnwụ 30 kwa afọ n'ihi ihe mberede ogbunigwe.

== Hụkwa ==

* Mbelata mmetọ coal
* Ịghọ mmiri na coal
* Ende Gelände
* Mgbasa mmanụ ala
* Ebe a na-enye mmanụ ala
* Mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ
* Mmetụta ahụike nke ihe ndị dị n'ikuku
* Mmiri acid na-eme ka mmiri dị n'oké osimiri</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-15T21:58:48Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Ziv</username>
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      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]])  [[File:CO2 Emissions by Source Since 1880.svg]] → [[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] · corr.</comment>
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      <text bytes="28765" sha1="q6uri9b01yvv0il3qr1kd3o1qaqv4p5" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:An_oil_rig_offshore_Vungtau.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mgbasa nke gas site na ebe a na-ewepụta mmanụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri]]
[[Usòrò:Oil-spill.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ụsọ mmiri mgbe mmanụ na-awụfu.]]
[[Usòrò:Plastic_Pollution_in_Ghana.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Nchịkọta nke [[Mmetọ plastik|ihe mkpofu plastik]] n'ụsọ osimiri.]]
Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala dị ukwuu ma gbasaa n'ihi mmanụ ala nwere ọtụtụ ojiji. Mmanụ crude na gas bụ isi ike na akụrụngwa nke na-enyere ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị na akụnụba ụwa aka. Ọbịbịa ha etoola ngwa ngwa n'ime afọ 150 gara aga iji gboo ihe ndị mmadụ na-arị elu ngwa ngwa, imepụta ihe, ihe ọmụma na ịzụ ahịa.

A na-emepụta nnukwu ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu na nke na-adịghị egbu egbu n'oge mmịpụta, nhazigharị, na njem nke mmanụ na gas. Ụfọdụ ihe ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta, dị ka ogige organic na-agbanwe agbanwe, nitrogen &amp; sulfur ogige, na mmanụ a wụfuru nwere ike imerụ ikuku, mmiri, na ala n'ọkwa ndị na-emerụ ndụ n'ebe a na-ejikwa ya n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. Okpomọkụ ihu igwe, acidification nke oké osimiri, na ịrị elu ọkwa oke osimiri bụ mgbanwe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ewepụta ikuku griin haus dị ka carbon dioxide (CO2) na methane, na micro-particulate aerosols dị ka carbon ojii.

N'ime ihe niile mmadụ na-eme, ọkụ ọkụ fossil bụ ihe kacha enye aka n'ịkwalite carbon na-aga n'ihu na biosphere nke ụwa. The International Energy Agency na ndị ọzọ na-akọ na mmanụ &amp; gas ojiji mejupụtara n'elu 55% (18 Ijeri Ton) nke ndekọ 32.8 Billion Ton (BT) nke CO2 wepụtara n'ime ikuku si niile ike isi mmalite n'oge afọ 2017. Coal ojiji gụnyere ọtụtụ n'ime 45% fọdụrụnụ. Mkpokọta mpụta na-aga n'ihu na-arị elu ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ ọ bụla: gbagoro 1.7% ọzọ ruo 33.1 BT na 2018.

Site na ọrụ nke ya, ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala nyere aka ozugbo ihe dịka 8% (2.7 BT) nke 32.8 BT na 2017. Ọzọkwa, n'ihi ebumnuche ya na mwepụta nke gas ndị ọzọ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nyere aka ozugbo ma ọ dịkarịa ala Nde Tọn 79 nke methane (2.4). BT CO2-dabara) n'otu afọ ahụ; ego ruru ihe dị ka 14% nke ihe niile ama ama anthropogenic na ikuku ikuku nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ.

Tinyere mmanụ ọkụ dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala na gas sitere n'okike, mmanụ ala na-enyere ọtụtụ kemịkalụ na ngwaahịa ndị ahịa aka, dị ka fatịlaịza na plastik. Ọtụtụ teknụzụ ndị ọzọ maka mmepụta ike, njem, na nchekwa nwere ike ime naanị n'oge a n'ihi uru dị iche iche. Nchekwa, arụmọrụ, na ibelata mmetụta mkpofu nke ngwaahịa mmanụ ala bụ ụlọ ọrụ dị irè na omume ndị na-azụ ahịa iji nweta nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi ka mma.

== Nsogbu Ndị Dị Iche ==

=== Ihe ndị na-egbu egbu ===
[[Usòrò:Dieselrainbow.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mmanụ ala nwere ike ịmepụta ìhè n'elu mmiri dị ka obere ihe na-emepụta ihe a na'ahụ anya a kpọrọ interphase.]]
Mmanụ ala bụ ngwakọta dị mgbagwoju anya nke ọtụtụ ihe. Ihe ndị a gụnyere eriri ogologo, alaka, cyclic, aromatic monocyclic na polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Enwere ike ịghọta nsi nke mmanụ site na iji ikike nsí ma ọ bụ nsí nke akụkụ mmanụ ọ bụla nke ọ bụla na mmiri solubility nke akụkụ ahụ. Enwere ọtụtụ ụzọ enwere ike iji tụọ nsí nke mmanụ crude na ngwaahịa mmanụ ala ndị ọzọ metụtara. Ụfọdụ ọmụmụ na-enyocha ọkwa nsi nwere ike iji ụdị lipid lekwasịrị anya ma ọ bụ nyocha colorimetric na-eji agba agba iji chọpụta nsi na biodegradability.

Mmanụ dị iche iche na ngwaahịa mmanụ ala nwere ọkwa dị iche iche nke nsị. Ọkwa nke toxicity na-emetụta ọtụtụ ihe dị ka ihu igwe, solubility, yana kemịkal dị ka nnọgidesi ike. Mmụba ihu igwe na-achọ ibelata ọkwa nke nsi ka a na-ewepụ ihe ndị na-agbaze ma na-adị ala. Ihe ndị na-agbaze nke ukwuu na-enwekarị nsí dị elu karịa ihe ndị na-adịghị ike na mmiri. Na mkpokọta, mmanụ nwere agbụ carbon ogologo yana nke nwere mgbanaka benzene nwere oke nsi. Benzene bụ ngwaahịa mmanụ ala nwere oke nsi. Ihe ndị ọzọ na-abụghị benzene nke na-egbu egbu bụ toluene, methylbenzene na xylenes (BETX). Ihe ndị nwere nsi kacha ala bụ mmanụ crude na mmanụ moto.

N'agbanyeghị ọkwa nsi dị iche iche n'etiti ụdị mmanụ dị iche iche, ngwaahịa mmanụ ala niile enwetara nwere mmetụta ọjọọ na ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ihe atụ nke mmetụta ọjọọ bụ emulsions mmanụ n'ime usoro mgbari nri na ụfọdụ mammals nwere ike ịkpata mbelata ikike mgbari nri nke nwere ike ibute ọnwụ nke ụfọdụ mamma. Mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ gụnyere mgbawa capillary na hemorrhages. Enwere ike imetụta ụdọ nri gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi mbelata nke mmepụta algae ya mere na-eyi ụfọdụ ụdị egwu egwu. Mmanụ bụ &quot;ihe na-egbu egbu&quot; ịkụ azụ - ya bụ, ọ na-egbu azụ ngwa ngwa, na ntinye nke akụkụ 4000 kwa nde (ppm) (0.4%). Nsi nke ngwaahịa mmanụ ala na-eyi ahụike mmadụ egwu. Ọtụtụ ogige ndị a na-ahụ na mmanụ na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu ma nwee ike ibute ọrịa kansa (carcinogenic) yana ọrịa ndị ọzọ. Nnyocha e mere na Taiwan na-ejikọta ịdị nso na ụlọ nrụpụta mmanụ na ịmụ nwa. Mmanụ crude na mmanụ mmanụ na-akpata ntụpọ nwa.

Benzene dị na mmanụ crude na mmanụ ụgbọala ma mara na ọ na-ebute ọrịa leukemia na ụmụ mmadụ. A makwa na ogige ahụ na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha n'ime mmadụ, nke ga-eme ka ndị mmadụ kpughee ya ka ọ na-ebute ọrịa. &quot;Nnyocha ejikọtawo mkpughe benzene n'ime akụkụ nke otu ijeri (ppb) na njedebe ọrịa leukemia, lymphoma Hodgkin, na ọrịa ndị ọzọ nke ọbara na usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ n'ime afọ 5-15 nke ikpughe.&quot;

Gas fosil na mmanụ na-enwekarị obere ihe redioaktivu nke a na-ewepụta n'oge a na-egwupụta akụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ihe ndị a na brine bụ ihe gbasara nkà na ụzụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.

=== Gas nke griin haus ===
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:547px;max-width:547px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;theader&quot; style=&quot;text-align:;background-color:&quot;&gt;Carbon dioxide emissions and partitioning&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:284px;max-width:284px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot;&gt;[[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|alt=|282x282px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Emissions of CO&lt;sub style=&quot;font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; have been caused by different sources ramping up one after the other ([[Global Carbon Project]])&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:259px;max-width:259px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot;&gt;[[File:Carbon_Dioxide_Partitioning.svg|alt=|257x257px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Partitioning of CO&lt;sub style=&quot;font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions show that most emissions are being absorbed by carbon sinks, including plant growth, soil uptake, and ocean uptake ([[Global Carbon Project#Global Carbon Budget|Global Carbon Project]])&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Mwepụta mmanụ ala na-akpaghasị nguzozi nke okirikiri carbon nke ụwa site na ibuga carbon geologic sequestered n'ime biosphere. A na-eji carbon nke ndị na-azụ ahịa mee ihe n'ụdị dị iche iche na nnukwu akụkụ na-agbakọta n'ime ikuku; si otú a na-ekepụta nnukwu ikuku griin haus, carbon dioxide, dị ka ihe na-emebi emebi. Gas sitere n'okike (karịsịa methane) bụ ụlọ griin haus na-esiwanye ike mgbe ọ na-agbaba n'ikuku tupu agba ya ọkụ.

Kemgbe afọ ụlọ ọrụ malitere ihe dịka 1750-1850 site na iji osisi na-eto eto na kol, ikuku ikuku nke carbon dioxide na methane abawanyela ihe dịka 50% na 150%, n'otu n'otu, karịa ọkwa ha kwụsiri ike nke afọ 800,000+ gara aga. Nke ọ bụla na-abawanye ugbu a na ihe dịka 1% kwa afọ, ebe ọ bụ na ihe dị ka ọkara nke carbon agbakwunyere ka ahịhịa ala ụwa na imi mmiri na-abanye n'ime ya. Mmụba na-esi n'ọkụ kwa afọ adịla ngwa ngwa nke na mkpokọta carbon fossil ewepụtara n'ime afọ 30 gara aga karịrị mkpokọta ego ewepụtara n'oge akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmadụ niile.

=== Microplastics ===
 
[[Usòrò:Microplastics_in_Mljet_National_Park_in_Croatia_(48738883061).jpg|thumb|Microplastics na Mljet National Park, Croatia]]
Mmanụ ala emeela ka plastik nwee ike iji mepụta ụdị dị iche iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ihe eji eme ihe na ọnụ ahịa mmepụta dị oke ala. Ọnụego uto kwa afọ na mmepụta adịla nso 10%, ma na-ebute ya nke ukwuu site na plastik ndị a na-eji otu eme ihe bụ nke mkpofu na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na-adịkarị.

A naghị emegharị ihe ka ukwuu n'ime plastik, ọ na-agbajikwa n'ime obere iberibe na obere ka oge na-aga. Microplastics bụ ụmụ irighiri ihe na-erughị 5 mm n'ogo. A na-ahụta microplastics n'ụdị ikuku, mmiri, na ala nke anakọtara site na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ebe ọ bụla dị n'elu ụwa, yana na-abawanye n'ime ihe nlele nke ndụ. Mmetụta na-adịte aka site n'ịkwalite gburugburu ebe mkpofu rọba nọ n'okpuru nyocha sayensị mana ka ọ dị ugbu a amabeghị ya. Microplastics na-enwe nchegbu n'ihi na ha nwere ọchịchọ nke na-eme ka ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ dị n'elu ha, yana ikike ịmepụta ihe.
[[Usòrò:Microplastic.jpg|thumb|Enwere ike ịchọta microplastics n'oké osimiri na ebe obibi mmiri.]]
Mgbe ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri na-echikọta irighiri ihe, ha na-ejedebe na anụ ahụ dị ka gland digestive, sistem ọbara, gills na guts. Mgbe a na-eri ihe ndị a ma na-ebuli elu n'usoro nri, ha na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ dị n'ihe ize ndụ dị n'ebe ihe ndị dị ndụ buru ibu na n'ikpeazụ mmadụ. Microplastics nwere ọtụtụ ihe ize ndụ nye ihe dị iche iche. A maara ha na-akpaghasị nri algal, na-abawanye ọnwụ na obere ọmụmụ na copepods. N'ime mọsel, a maara microplastics na-akwụsị nzacha ma kpalite nzaghachi mkpali. A ka enwekwaghị data na otú ihe ndị a si emetụta ụmụ mmadụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri na-agbapụta tupu erichapụ ha. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, a na-edepụta mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ha nke ọma na a ghọtara oke mmebi ha nke ọma.

== Mmetụta mpaghara na mpaghara ==
Ụfọdụ mmetụta mmanụ ala na-emerụ ahụ nwere ike ịbụ naanị na mpaghara ebe a na-emepụta ya, rie ya na/ma ọ bụ tụfuo ya. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, enwere ike ibelata mmetụta ahụ gaa n'ọkwa dị mma mgbe ndị na-azụ ahịa na-eme ojiji na mkpofu. Ndị na-emepụta ngwaahịa dị iche iche nwere ike ibelata mmetụta ya site na ntule usoro ndụ na omume nhazi gburugburu ebe obibi.

=== Mmetọ ikuku ===
[[Usòrò:Diesel-smoke.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|283x283px|Mmanụ diesel si n'ụgbọala]]

==== Mkpochapụ ikuku ====
Mgbapụta sitere na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala na-eme n'usoro ọ bụla nke usoro mmepụta mmanụ site na mmịpụta ruo oge oriri. N'ime oge mmịpụta, ikuku ikuku na ọkụ na-ahapụ ọ bụghị naanị methane na carbon dioxide, mana ihe ndị ọzọ na-emerụ emerụ dị ka nitrous oxides na aerosols. Ụfọdụ sitere na ngwaahịa gụnyere carbon monoxide na methanol. Mgbe mmanụ ma ọ bụ mmanụ distillates na-agba ọkụ, ọ na-abụkarị combustion anaghị ezu ezu, mmeghachi omume kemịkal na-ahapụkwa ngwaahịa ndị na-abụghị mmiri ma ọ bụ carbon dioxide. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị nnukwu ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe, e nwere ọdịiche dị na ọnụọgụ na ntinye nke ụfọdụ mmetọ. Na nhazi nke mmanụ ala na-enyekwa aka na mmetọ dị ukwuu n'ime ime obodo. Mmụba nke mmetọ a nwere mmetụta ọjọọ na ahụike mmadụ n'ihi nsị mmanụ. Ihe ọmụmụ na-enyocha mmetụta nke ụlọ ọrụ nnụcha mmanụ na Taiwan. Nnyocha ahụ chọpụtara na mmụba nke ịmụ nwa na-amụbabeghị n'ime ndị nne bi na nso ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ọkụ karịa ndị nne na-ebighị ebe a na-eme mmanụ. E nwekwara ndịiche a hụrụ na oke mmekọahụ na nha ọmụmụ nke ụmụaka. Ọzọkwa, ụmụ irighiri ihe dị mma nke soot na-agbaji ngụgụ ụmụ mmadụ na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ ma na-akpata nsogbu obi ma ọ bụ ọnwụ. Soot bụ ọrịa cancer na-akpata (carcinogenic)

==== Ntinye Uzuoku ====
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) bụ gas ma ọ bụ vapors nke ihe siri ike na mmiri dị iche iche na-ebupụta. Mmiri hydrocarbons dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala, mmanụ dizel, ma ọ bụ mmanụ ụgbọ elu na-abanye n'ime oghere dị n'ime ụlọ site na tankị nchekwa ala ma ọ bụ ebe agba aja aja na-eyi nchekwa egwu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe mgbawa) ma na-ebute mmetụta ahụike dị njọ site na iku ume.

=== Mmiri ozuzo acid ===
[[Usòrò:Waldschaeden_Erzgebirge_3.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Osisi ndị mmiri ozuzo acid gburu, mmetụta na-achọghị nke mmanụ ala na]]
Usoro mgba ọkụ nke mmanụ ala, coal na osisi na-akpata mmụba nke mmiri ozuzo acid. Mkpọ ọkụ na-ebute mmụba nke nitrous oxide, yana sọlfọ dioxide sitere na sọlfọ dị na mmanụ. Ngwaahịa ndị a na-ejikọta na mmiri dị na ikuku iji mepụta mmiri ozuzo acid. Mmụba nke nitrates na ihe ndị ọzọ acidic nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọkwa pH nke mmiri ozuzo. Nyocha data sitere na United States na Europe site na 100 afọ gara aga wee gosi mmụba nke nitrous oxide na-esi na combustion. Ihe ndị a na-awụpụ buru ibu zuru oke iji mee ka mmiri ozuzo na-ezo. Mmiri acid na-enwe mmetụta dị njọ na gburugburu ebe obibi buru ibu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmiri ozuzo acid nwere ike igbu osisi, ma nwee ike igbu azụ site na ọdọ mmiri na-eme acidity. Mmiri acid na-ebibikwa akuku coral. Mmiri mmiri acid na-edugakwa na nrụrụ igwe na ihe owuwu (ọtụtụ isi obodo) yana ibibi ngwa ngwa nke ihe owuwu ihe ochie dị ka mkpọmkpọ ebe marble nke Rome na Gris.

=== Mmanụ na-awụfu ===
Mwụfu mmanụ bụ ntọhapụ nke mmiri mmiri hydrocarbon na gburugburu ebe obibi, karịsịa mpaghara mmiri, n'ihi ọrụ mmadụ, na bụ ụdị mmetọ. A na-ejikarị okwu ahụ eme ihe maka mwụfu mmanụ ụgbọ mmiri, ebe a na-ahapụ mmanụ n'ime oke osimiri ma ọ bụ mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, mana mwụfu nwere ike ime na ala. Mwụfu mmanụ nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ntọhapụ nke mmanụ cru na-esi n'ụgbọ mmiri, ọkpọkọ, ụgbọ okporo ígwè, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na olulu mmiri, yana mwụfu nke ngwaahịa mmanụ ala a nụchara anụcha (dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala, mmanụ dizel) na ihe ndị ha na-emepụta, mmanụ ọkụ dị arọ nke ejiri mee ihe. nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri dị ka mmanụ ọkụ boker, ma ọ bụ ntufu nke ihe mkpofu mmanu ma ọ bụ mmanụ na-emebi emebi.

Nnukwu mwụfu mmanụ gụnyere, Lakeview Gusher, mmanụ wụfuru agha Gulf, na mwụfu mmanụ Deepwater Horizon. Mwụfu mmanụ penetrates n'ime Ọdịdị nke plumage nke nnụnụ na ajị anụ mammals, mbenata ya insulating ike, na-eme ka ha ndị ọzọ ngwangwa okpomọkụ fluctuation na ukwuu na-erughị buoyant na mmiri. Nhicha na mgbake site na mwụfu mmanụ siri ike ma dabere n'ọtụtụ ihe, gụnyere ụdị mmanụ a wụfuru, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke mmiri (na-emetụta evaporation na biodegradation), na ụdị ụsọ mmiri na osimiri ndị metụtara. Ihe ndị ọzọ na-emetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmetọ ogologo oge bụ ntinye aka na-aga n'ihu nke nsị mmanụ mmanụ na ọnụego nke gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike ịsacha onwe ya Ntufu nwere ike were izu, ọnwa ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọtụtụ afọ iji kpochaa.

=== Mmanụ a na-emebi emebi ===
[[Usòrò:Oil_Change_oil_pan_2005_gmc_suv.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mmanụ mkpofu n'ụdị mmanụ ụgbọala ]]
Mmanụ na-ekpofu ihe bụ mmanụ nwere ọ bụghị naanị ngwaahịa mmebi kamakwa adịghị ọcha sitere na ojiji. A na-eji ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke mmanụ mkpofu mmanụ dị ka mmanụ hydraulic, mmanụ nnyefe, mmiri breeki, mmanụ moto, mmanụ crankcase, mmanụ igbe gia na mmanụ sịntetik. Ọtụtụ n'ime otu nsogbu ndị metụtara mmanụ ala na-adị na mmanụ mkpofu. Mgbe mmanụ na-efunahụ ụgbọ ala na-awụpụ injin n'okporo ụzọ na okporo ụzọ, mmanụ ahụ na-abanye na tebụl mmiri na-ebute nsị ndị dị ka benzene. Nke a na-emebi ma ala na mmiri ọñụñụ. Mgbọ mmiri nke oké ifufe na-ebuga mmanụ n'efu n'ime osimiri na oke osimiri, na-emerụkwa ha ahụ.

=== Mmiri a na-emepụta na ihe mkpofu a ga-egwu ===
[[Usòrò:North_Sea_oil_rig.jpg|thumb|Ebe Mmanụ Ala nke North Sea]]
Mmiri emepụtara (PW) na-esi na mmịpụta mmanụ ala pụta na ikuku PAH (Poly-aromatic Hydrocarbon) na oke osimiri. A na-ewepụta ihe dị ka nde tọn 400 nke mkpofu PW kwa afọ site na mpaghara mmanụ dị na Oke Osimiri North, UK na Norwegian na-agbakọta. Mwepu PW bụ ihe omume kachasị na gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri na ọ bụ nsonaazụ mmanụ na gas dị n'ụsọ mmiri. Ngwakọta nke ihe dị na PW dabere na njirimara mpaghara. Agbanyeghị, PW na-enwekarị ngwakọta nke ngwaahịa ole na ole ahọpụtara dị ka mmiri nrụpụta, mmanụ, gas, mmiri brine na kemịkalụ agbakwunyere. Dị nnọọ ka PW, nhazi mmiri mejupụtara na-adaberekwa na gburugburu ya n'agbanyeghị, ọ bụ tumadi mejupụtara agbaze inorganic na organic ogige. PW na-ahụ maka ịhapụ 129 tọn PAH na 2017. N'ihi ọnụnọ nke kemịkalụ na-emerụ ahụ na PW, ọ bụ ya na-ebute nzaghachi na-egbu egbu na gburugburu ebe obibi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nyocha ndị e mere na Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) chọpụtara na PAH ndị PW wepụtara bụ maka mgbanwe ndụ na mussel na Atlantic cod. Nhazi nke ibu PAH kpatara mmebi DNA na digestive-gland histochemistry na mussel. PAH na-ebutekwa ahụike mmadụ egwu. Ejikọtala mkpughe ogologo oge na PAH na usoro nsogbu ahụike dị ka ngụgụ, akpụkpọ ahụ, eriri afo, kansa eriri afọ.

== Mmetụta zuru ụwa ọnụ ==

=== Mgbanwe ihu igwe ===
Ihe na-esi na mmịpụta, nchacha, njem, na oriri mmanụ ala ebutela mgbanwe n'ọkwa ikuku ikuku griin ha na gburugburu anyị, nke kachasị mkpa anyị na-ewepụta carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide bụ ikuku griin haus nke na-adọta okpomọkụ iji mee ka okpomọkụ nke ụwa anyị ghara ịka oyi mana oke carbon dioxide dị n'ikuku anyị sitere na ihe ndị dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala ebutela enweghị aha. Onye [[Sweden]] Nobel chemist Svante Arrhenius kere usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ nke gosipụtara mmụba nke nsonaazụ carbon dioxide na-abawanye na oke okpomọkụ. Ọzọkwa, ihe ndị a na-esi n'ọkụ dị elu nke ukwuu na IPCC (2007) na-ekwu na usoro ihu igwe nke ụwa ga-ekpo ọkụ site na 3 degrees Celsius maka okpukpu abụọ nke carbon dioxide. Ọnụọgụ ndị a na-enye nsogbu n'ihi na mgbanwe ihu igwe ga-ebute oke ifufe na oke mmiri ozuzo, ụbara ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na ebili mmiri okpomọkụ, idei mmiri na-emekarị, na ọkụ ọkụ ka ukwuu. Maka obodo ndị na-enweghị ego na-enweghị akụrụngwa na-ezughị ezu, ọ na-adịkarịghị ka ha ga-agbake site na mmebi akụrụngwa n'ihi ọdachi ihu igwe ngwa ngwa.

=== Ocean acidification ===
Na-esochi okirikiri carbon, carbon dioxide na-abanye n'oké osimiri anyị ebe ọ na-emeghachi omume na ụmụ irighiri mmiri ma mepụta ihe a na-akpọ carbonic acid. Mmụba nke carbonic acid agbadala pH nke oke osimiri anyị, na-ebute ụbara acidity. Kemgbe mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ụlọ ọrụ, mmalite nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala, pH nke oke osimiri anyị agbadala site na 8.21 ruo 8.10. O nwere ike ọ gaghị adị ka nke ukwuu mana mgbanwe a na-egosi mmụba 30% na acidity nke butere ọtụtụ nsogbu maka ndụ oké osimiri anyị. Ka oke osimiri anyị na-aga n'ihu na-agbaze acidify enwere obere ion carbonate dị maka ịgbakọ nke pụtara na ihe ndị dị ndụ na-esiri ike iwulite ma na-edobe shells na ọkpụkpụ ha. Dabere na ọkwa carbon dioxide anyị ugbu a, oke osimiri anyị nwere ike ịnwe ọkwa pH nke 7.8 na njedebe nke narị afọ a.

== Nkwado enyemaka ==
Obodo ụmụ mmadụ nke oge a na-eji ike dị ọnụ ala na nnukwu ume iji kwalite uto akụ na ụba na ịkwado nkwụsi ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na ụlọ ọrụ akụ na ụba gburugburu ụwa na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ma na-ebuli mmanụ ọkụ maka ndị na-azụ ahịa na ndị na-emepụta ihe site n'inye ụdị nkwado ego dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ndị a gụnyere ụdị enyemaka ọdịnala dị ka ịkwụ ụgwọ ozugbo, mmasị ụtụ isi, ohere mbelata, onyinye nyocha na mmepe, na iwepụ ihe nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi dị. N'ịtụle ụdị nkwado niile, enyemaka kachasị ukwuu maka mmanụ ọkụ sitere na ọdịda nke gọọmentị ịfefe ọtụtụ ego sitere na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike mmadụ nke ihe mkpofu.

Akaụntụ nke International Energy Agency na OECD na-egosi na enyemaka ọdịnala n'ụwa niile ruru ihe dịka $400–600 Ijeri kwa afọ n'ime afọ 2010–2015, wee nọrọ nso $400 Ijeri n'afọ 2018 na 40% na-aga mmanụ. N'ịtụnyere, otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ na International Monetary Fund na-eme atụmatụ na nkwado niile na-enye ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ọkụ ruru ihe dị ka ijeri $5.2 Trillion (6.4% nke mkpokọta ụlọ zuru ụwa ọnụ) n'ime afọ 2017. Ndị enyemaka kacha ukwuu bụ China, United States, Russia, European Union, na [[Ndia|India]] bụ ndị jikọtara ọnụ ruru 60% nke ngụkọta.

Dị ka echiche nke asọmpi ahịa dị mma si dị, ọnụ ahịa ziri ezi nwere ike ime ka ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ na nhọrọ ndị ahịa na-ebelata ihe mkpofu na ụkọ ogologo oge. Ịwepụ ego enyemaka na itinye ego carbon iji ghọta ọnụ ahịa ziri ezi ga-enwe mmetụta ya kpọmkwem site n'akụkụ ndị na-enye ụlọ ọrụ. N'ụzọ dị iche, ebumnobi nke ụfọdụ ụtụ isi carbon na usoro ịzụ ahịa carbon bụ iji mejupụta izi ezi ọnụahịa sitere n'akụkụ oriri.

== Mitigation ==

=== Nchekwa na iwepụ ya ===
Ọtụtụ mba n'ofe ụwa nwere enyemaka na amụma e mere iji belata ojiji mmanụ ala na mmanụ ọkụ. Ọmụmatụ gụnyere China nke gbanwere site n'inye enyemaka maka mmanụ ọkụ na-enye nkwado maka ume ọhụrụ. Ihe atụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere Sweden bụ onye mepụtara iwu nke emebere ka emechaa kwụsị iji mmanụ ala, nke a maara dị ka atụmatụ afọ 15. Atumatu ndị a nwere uru ha na ihe ịma aka ha na mba ọ bụla enweela ahụmịhe dị iche iche. Na China, a hụrụ uru dị mma na sistemu ike n'ihi oke enyemaka ume ọhụrụ n'ụzọ atọ. O mere ka oriri ike dị ọcha n'ihi ịkwaga maka isi mmalite dị ọcha. Nke abuo, o nyere aka n'ịbawanye arụmọrụ na nke atọ o dozie okwu nke nkesa na oriri na-ezighị ezi. Agbanyeghị, site n'ahụmahụ ndị China, enwere nsogbu ndị a hụrụ. Ihe ịma aka ndị a gụnyere ihe ịma aka akụ na ụba dịka uru akụ na ụba na mbụ dị ala maka enyemaka sitere na ume ọhụrụ karịa mmanụ. Ihe ịma aka ndị ọzọ gụnyere ọnụ ahịa nyocha na mmepe dị elu, ejighị n'aka nke ọnụ ahịa yana itinye ego nwere ike ịdị oke egwu. Ihe ndị a na-eme ka mmepe nke ume ọhụrụ dabere na nkwado gọọmentị. Agbanyeghị, ebumnuche nke iwepụ mmanụ ọkụ na iji mmanụ mmanụ nwekwara ike weta uru akụ na ụba dị ka itinyekwu ego. Atụmatụ a nwere ike inye aka nweta ebumnuche ọha dịka ọmụmaatụ mbelata mmetọ nke nwere ike ịtụgharị gaa na nsonaazụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike ka mma.

Nhọrọ ọzọ maka ichekwa ume na ịkwụsị iji mmanụ mmanụ bụ ịnakwere teknụzụ ọhụrụ iji bulie arụmọrụ. Nke a nwere ike ịgụnye mgbanwe usoro mmepụta na ụdị njem.

=== Mgbanwe nke isi iyi ike ndị ọzọ ===
Nhọrọ na mmanụ ala nwere ike ịgụnye iji isi mmalite ike “dị ọcha” ndị ọzọ dị ka ume ọhụrụ, gas sitere n'okike ma ọ bụ biodiesel. Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike na adịghị ike ha nwere ike imetụta ohere nke ịnabata ha n'ọdịnihu.

Iji ethanol dabere na ọka nwere ike ịbụ ihe ọzọ maka iji mmanụ ala. Otú ọ dị, ọmụmụ ndị kwubiri na ethanol dabeere ọka na-eji obere ike net adịghị etinye aka na ngwaahịa mmepụta. Teknụzụ ọka-ethanol dị ugbu a dị obere mmanụ ala karịa mmanụ ụgbọala mana nwere ọkwa ikuku GHG yiri mmanụ ụgbọala. Amụma amabeghị nke ọma ihe mgbanwe ikuku GHG ga-abụ site na ịnakwere ethanol dabere na ọka maka biodiesel. Ụfọdụ ọmụmụ na-akọ na mmụba 20% na ikuku GHG na ụfọdụ na-akọ mbelata 32%. Agbanyeghị, ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ nwere ike ịbụ mbelata 13% nke ikuku GHG nke na-abụghị mbelata dị ukwuu. Ọdịnihu nke biodiesel nwere ike ịbụ teknụzụ cellulose ethanol iji mepụta biodiesel n'ihi na teknụzụ ahụ ga-enye aka na mbelata nke ikuku.

Uzo ozo nke ume ohuru dikwa. Ndị a gụnyere ike anyanwụ, ike ikuku, geothermal na hydroelectricity yana isi mmalite ndị ọzọ. A na-ekwu na isi mmalite ndị a nwere ihe ọkụkụ dị ntakịrị, yana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke abụọ site na ngwaahịa. A na-atụ anya na mmepụta nke ume ọhụrụ ga-eto n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mpaghara ọ bụla n'ụwa. A na-ahụkwa gas sitere n'okike dị ka ihe nwere ike dochie mmanụ. Igwe ikuku dị ọcha dị ọcha karịa mmanụ n'ihe gbasara ikuku. Otú ọ dị gas nkịtị nwere oke ya n'ihe gbasara mmepụta oke. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji gbanwee site na mmanụ crude gaa na gas, e nwere mgbanwe teknụzụ na netwọk nke kwesịrị ime tupu mmejuputa ya zuru oke. Atụmatụ abụọ nwere ike ime bụ nke mbụ ịzụlite teknụzụ njedebe njedebe nke mbụ ma ọ bụ nke abụọ bụ ịgbanwe akụrụngwa mmanụ kpamkpam.

=== Ojiji nke biomass kama mmanụ ala ===
Biomass na-aghọ nhọrọ nwere ike dochie mmanụ ala. Nke a bụ n'ihi mmụba gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmanụ ala na ọchịchọ ibelata iji mmanụ ala. Ihe ndị nwere ike dochie ya gụnyere cellulose sitere na ihe ọkụkụ fibrous dị ka ihe nnọchi maka ngwaahịa ndị sitere na mmanụ. Enwere ike ịmepụta plastik site na cellulose kama mmanụ na abụba osisi nwere ike dochie mmanụ maka mmanụ ụgbọala. Ka biomass wee nwee ihe ịga nke ọma ọ ga-enwerịrị njikọ teknụzụ dị iche iche na nri nri biomass dị iche iche iji mepụta ngwaahịa bioproduct dị iche iche. Ihe mkpali maka biomass bụ mbelata nke carbon dioxide, mkpa maka inye ume ọhụrụ na mkpa ime ka mpaghara ime obodo nwee ume.

=== Usoro nchekwa ===
Enwekwara ike ịme ọtụtụ teknụzụ dị ka usoro nchekwa iji belata nchekwa na ihe egwu ahụike nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala. Ndị a gụnyere usoro iji belata mwụfu mmanụ, ala ụgha iji gbochie ntapu mmanụ ụgbọala na tebụl mmiri na ụgbọ mmiri nwere okpukpu abụọ. A na-akpọ teknụzụ ọhụrụ nke nwere ike ibelata mmetọ ikuku bụ bio-filtration. Nzacha bio bụ ebe a na-esi na ihe na-arụ ọrụ ndụ pụta nke nwere VOC nwere ike imebi ma ọ bụ ikuku inorganic. A na-eji teknụzụ a eme ihe nke ọma na Germany na [[Netherlands]] tumadi maka njikwa isi. Enwere ọnụ ala dị ala yana uru gburugburu ebe obibi gụnyere obere ume chọrọ

== Hụkwa ==

* Arụmụka maka igwu ala Arctic
* Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ shale
* Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na Naịjirịa
* Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke hydraulic fracturing
* Ike na gburugburu ebe obibi
* Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi nke ájá mmanụ
* Ndepụta nke nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi
* Mmanụ a kacha na-enweta

== Ihe odide ==
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{{Infobox person|name=Belinda Olubunmi Disu|image=New Bella Disu 1.jpg|other_names=Bella|birth_name=Belinda Ajoke Olubunmi Adenuga|birth_date=May 29, 1986 (37 years)|birth_place=|nationality=Nigerian|native_name=Ajoke|education={{plainlist|
*[[Northeastern University]] 
*[[University of Massachusetts]]
}}|alma_mater=|occupation=Business Executive|years_active=2004–present|spouse=Jameel Disu|children=|father=[[Mike Adenuga]]|website={{url|https://bella-disu.com}}}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]


&lt;ref name=&quot;leading&quot; /&gt;{{Cite news|author=Uriri|first=Francesca|title=Leading Ladies Africa Nigeria's 100 most inspiring women in 2019|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/leading-ladies-africa-nigerias-100-most-inspiring-women-in-2019/amp/|accessdate=26 June 2019|date=16 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theafricaceoforum.com/en/portraits/bella-disu/|title=Bella DISU|work=www.theafricaceoforum.com|language=fr|accessdate=2019-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;Belinda &quot;Bella&quot; Ajoke Olubunmi Disu (née Adenuga, amuru May 29, 1986) bu nwanyi oma na Naijiria.  [1] Ọ bụ Oga oche, Board of Directors Abumet Nigeria Limited, [2] Executive Vice President of Globacom, [3] CEO of Cobblestone Properties and Estates Limited, na onye na-azụ onye nduzi nke Julius Berger Nigeria Plc

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Tribune Online|title=Bella Disu: The Midas at Globacom|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/203350/?amp_markup=1|accessdate=27 June 2019|publisher=Nigerian Tribune|date=12 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;A Manchester Bella na May 29, 1986 nye Emelia Adefolake Marquis, onye ọchụnta ego Naijiria na Mike Adenuga, onye isi oche nke Globacom .  [1] Ọ akụkọ akwụkwọ na Legọs, nke mbụ na Corona School, Victoria Island wee gaa Queen's College maka ụlọ akwụkwọ ya.  Na 1998, ọ Louis Queen's College maka Vivian Fowler Memorial College for Girls, ebe ọ ozizi akwụkwọ na 2000

. &lt;ref name=&quot;leading&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Uriri|first=Francesca|title=Leading Ladies Africa Nigeria's 100 most inspiring women in 2019|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/leading-ladies-africa-nigerias-100-most-inspiring-women-in-2019/amp/|accessdate=26 June 2019|date=16 March 2019}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFUriri2019&quot;&gt;Uriri, Francesca (16 March 2019). [https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/leading-ladies-africa-nigerias-100-most-inspiring-women-in-2019/amp/ &quot;Leading Ladies Africa Nigeria's 100 most inspiring women in 2019&quot;]. The Guardian&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 June&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;amazing&quot; /&gt;Ore nzere bachelọ na Sayensị usoro ihe ndị na-egosi mba ụwa na Mahadum Massachusetts, Boston, US na nzere M.Sc na Leadership na Mahadum Northeast, Boston

. &lt;ref name=&quot;amazing&quot; /&gt;N'afọ 2004, Bella sonyeere Globacom Ltd, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi mba dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ na Ghana na Nigeria, ma bụrụ onye isi otu

Na 2011, ọ were ọrụ ọzọ nke onye isi otu Cobblestone Properties and Estates Limited ka ọ bụrụ CEO na 2015. Ọ bụ onye na-abụghị onye nduzi nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu nke Naijiria, Julius Berger Nigeria Plc, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ojekunle|first=Aderemi|title=Meet the daughters of 6 Nigerian billionaires and what they do|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle-meet-the-daughters-of-6-nigerian-billionaires-and-what-they-do/wfkfv12|accessdate=26 June 2019|date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;nigeriacommunicationsweek.com.ng&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Onwuegbuchi|first=Chike|title=NEWSGlobacom's EVC, Bella Disu, Joins Others for Institute of Directors Certification|url=https://nigeriacommunicationsweek.com.ng/globacoms-evc-bella-disu-joins-others-for-institute-of-directors-certification/|accessdate=26 June 2019|date=5 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; na onye nduzi na Abumet Plc, ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta iko na aluminom, nakwa na Nigeria. &lt;ref name=&quot;leading&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Uriri|first=Francesca|title=Leading Ladies Africa Nigeria's 100 most inspiring women in 2019|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/leading-ladies-africa-nigerias-100-most-inspiring-women-in-2019/amp/|accessdate=26 June 2019|date=16 March 2019}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFUriri2019&quot;&gt;Uriri, Francesca (16 March 2019). [https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/leading-ladies-africa-nigerias-100-most-inspiring-women-in-2019/amp/ &quot;Leading Ladies Africa Nigeria's 100 most inspiring women in 2019&quot;]. The Guardian&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 June&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/’. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Iroegbu-Chikezie|first=Okwy|title=Cobblestone redefines luxury with Sisi Paris|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/cobblestone-redefines-luxury-with-sisi-paris/|accessdate=6 November 2019|date=4 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Na January 2019, ọ isi onye isi osote onye isi oche nke Globacom mgbe ọ sonyechara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 2004. [1] [2] Ọ gara Africa CEO Forum n'afọ ahụ, ebe ya na Onye isi ala Rwanda  Paul Kagame nwere ikike.  [3] [4] Ọ bụkwa onye isi okwu maka Women in Business Initiative nke Africa CEO Forum.  [5] [6] [7] na o sonyeere 149 ndị isi ike zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ka Aliko Dangote, Jim Ovia na Tony Elumelu na 2019 Họrọ France International Business Summit emere na Chateau de Versailles na France.  [8] [9] Na nzuko, o kwuputara ya na Nokia Alcatel-Lucent, iji nye, tinye, na imekota ihe ọhụrụ Sure Pay Intelligent Network platform.  [10] [11] N’ afọ iri atọ na otu n’afọ Ọktoba 2019, dị ka onye isi oche nke Cobblestone Properties, o na-ere ụlọ okomoko nwere okpukpu iri na Bourdillon, Ikoyi, Lagos State nke ịse ‘Sisi Paris’

&lt;ref name=&quot;leading&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Uriri|first=Francesca|title=Leading Ladies Africa Nigeria's 100 most inspiring women in 2019|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/leading-ladies-africa-nigerias-100-most-inspiring-women-in-2019/amp/|accessdate=26 June 2019|date=16 March 2019}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFUriri2019&quot;&gt;Uriri, Francesca (16 March 2019). [https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/leading-ladies-africa-nigerias-100-most-inspiring-women-in-2019/amp/ &quot;Leading Ladies Africa Nigeria's 100 most inspiring women in 2019&quot;]. The Guardian&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 June&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;Bella bụ onye otu ụlọ ọrụ ndị ndu nke Naijiria [1] na ụlọ ọrụ ụmụaka nke Naijiria .

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
N'April 2010, ọ lụrụ Jameel Disu, &lt;ref name=&quot;amazing&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=A Daughter in a Million: The Amazing Exploits of Belinda Disu in Business|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/10/07/a-daughter-in-a-million-the-amazing-exploits-of-belinda-disu-in-busines/?amp|accessdate=26 June 2019|date=7 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye na-achụ ego, na ha nwere ụmụ abụọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Encomium|title=Inside Bella Adenuga, Jameel Disu's Engagement|url=https://encomium.ng/classics-inside-bella-adenuga-jameel-disus-engagement/|accessdate=26 June 2019|date=19 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ebere ==
). Disu bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi oche nke Bella Disu Foundation, , ngwaọrụ ime ime nke na-ekwu na ọ enyere ndị nwere obere obere ụlọ aka n'inye onyinye na nkà ọrụ.  [1] Ọ bụ onye na- aha na omenala French site na Alliance Française Project na Mike Adenuga Alliance Française Center dị na Ikoyi, Lagos State .  [2] [3]

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Edepụtara ya dị ka &quot;onye na-eme ebere&quot; nke egwu site n'aka Musical Society of Nigeria (MUSON) Wall of Fame maka ihe aka ya n'ịgba ume gburugburu ebe ka mma maka amị egwu.  [4]

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Bella Disu, na- anya Mike Adenuga Foundation (MAF), nyere N1.5 echiche N1.5 Gọọmenti Federal na Lagos State iji kwado ogụ Nigeria na-alụ megide ọrịa zuru ụwa ọnụ Coronavirus (COVID-19).  )

== Ihe nrite na nnabata ==
Gọọmenti France nyere Bella Ordre des Arts et des Lettres na Disemba 2019, maka ntinye aka ya na nchekwa nka na omenala ọkachasị nhazi ya nke owuwu nke Alliance Francaise Mike Adenuga Center, [[Ikoyi]], Lagos. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Omotayo|first=Joseph|title=Mike Adenuga's daughter gets int'l honour as French govt gives her prestigious award|url=https://www.legit.ng/amp/1285233-mike-adenugas-daughter-bella-disu-bags-french-prestigious-national-honour.html|accessdate=17 December 2019|date=17 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Anonymous|title=Bella Disu bags French eminent national honour|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/bella-disu-bags-french-eminent-national-honour/5flxdv9.amp|accessdate=17 December 2019|date=17 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=France Honours Bella Disu with Prestigious National Honour|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/12/17/france-honours-bella-disu-with-prestigious-national-honour/|accessdate=17 December 2019|date=17 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Disu, Bella}} 
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    <title>1979 Nhọrọ gọvanọ nke Anambra Steeti</title>
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. &lt;ref name=&quot;NO&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2007/mar/081.html|title=ANAMBRA STATE AND THE ONE-TERM GOVERNOR SYNDROME|date=March 8, 2007|author=Nwokoye, Chukwudi|publisher=Nigeria World|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2|title=Where Are Second Republic Governors?|publisher=ThisDay|author=Adeyemo, Ademola|work=All Africa|date=January 13, 2009|accessdate=May 18, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm|title=THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83|publisher=Countryside Studies|accessdate=May 18, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/53451/Nyam_Analysis_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y|title=AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2003 AND 2007 ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA|author=Aondowase, Nyam|year=2015|format=PDF|accessdate=May 22, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=World Statesmen|accessdate=2021-05-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528072649/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|archivedate=28 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Okpu|first=Ugbana|date=1985|title=Inter-Party Political Relations in Nigeria 1979-1983|format=JSTOR|journal=Africa Spectrum|volume=20|pages=191–209|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40174204|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Joseph|first=Richard A.|date=1981|title=The Ethnic Trap: Notes on the Nigerian Campaign and Elections, 1978-79|format=JSTOR|journal=Issue: A Journal of Opinion|volume=11|pages=17–23|doi=10.2307/1166229|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1166229|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jimnwobodo.com/bio.htm|title=Biography of Jim Nwobodo|publisher=Jim Nwobodo|accessdate=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;Nhọpụta mmetụta steeti Anambra n'afọ 1979 mere na Julaị 28, 1979. [1] Onye NPP bụ Jim Nwobodo mbụ nke mbụ wee bụrụ nwa mbụ nke steeti Anambra n'imeri onye NPN bụ Christian Onoh bụ onye ya na ya so were.  merie n'ahọmpi ahụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/02/25/20010225bac01.html|title=Why the Past Does Not Count|author=Ubani, Eziuche|date=25 February 2001|publisher=ThisDay|accessdate=May 27, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050115154314/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/02/25/20010225bac01.html|archivedate=January 15, 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2010/04/13/4724999.htm|title=Rimi - Exit of a Glamorous Politician [column]|date=April 13, 2010|publisher=TMCNET News|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://m.guardian.ng/sport/sports-can-take-nigerian-youths-away-from-crime-says-jim-nwobodo/amp/|title=Sports can take Nigerian youths away from crime, says Jim Nwobodo|author=Umeh, Kanayo Umeh|date=September 20, 2018|work=The Guardian|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/146343-solomon-lars-death-depletes-rank-of-nigerias-second-republic-governors.html|title=Solomon Lar's death depletes rank of Nigeria's Second Republic Governors|author=Owete, Festus|date=October 10, 2013|publisher=Premium Times|accessdate=May 30, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/umenyi-engr-roy/|title=Umenyi, Engr. Roy|work=Blerf|date=January 26, 2017|accessdate=May 31, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/10/08/state-governors-and-their-deputies/|title=State Governors and Their Deputies|author=Emmanuel, Odang|work=Rainbow Nigeria|date=October 8, 2020|accessdate=May 31, 2021|archivedate=June 2, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213047/https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/10/08/state-governors-and-their-deputies/}}&lt;/ref&gt;Jim Nwobodo mbụ onye meri na mmerika NPP .  Onye ya na ya gbara ọsọ bụ Roy Emenyi

. &lt;ref name=&quot;NO&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt; {{Cite news|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/anambra-guber-nwobodo-backs-nwoye/|title=Anambra guber: Nwobodo backs Nwoye|date=October 21, 2017|publisher=Sun News Online|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hart, C.|date=1993|title=The Nigerian Elections of 1983|journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute|volume=63|issue=3|pages=397–418|format=JSTOR|doi=10.2307/1161428|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1161428}}&lt;/ref&gt;Enwere otu ụzọ ụgbọ elu ise nke Federal Electoral Commission (FEDECO) debara aha na mbụaka ahụ.  Jim Nwobodo bụ onye NPP meri saịtị na nkọwa vootu kacha elu wee merie Christian Onoh nke NPN &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/|title=33. Nigeria (1960-present)|publisher=[[University of Central Arkansas]]|accessdate=May 20, 2021|archivedate=June 13, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613133852/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/jim-nwobodo-opens-up-why-i-contested-presidency-against-ekwueme/|title=Jim Nwobodo opens up: Why I contested presidency against Ekwueme|date=September 6, 2020|author=Eze, Magnus|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.factnewsonline.com/news/5479-Anambra-guber-Ex-Governor-Nwobodo-backs-Nwoye|title=Anambra guber: Ex-Governor, Nwobodo backs Nwoye|publisher=Fact News Online|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/theadvocatengr/docs/the_advocate_49th_edition|title=Police arrest 2 sons of Jim Nwobodo|date=February 4, 2015|publisher=issuu|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/what-jakande-told-me-before-he-died-by-jim-nwobodo/amp/|title=What Jakande told me before he died, by Jim Nwobodo|publisher=The Nation Online|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://gwg.ng/2020/05/09/jim-nwobodo-80-finally-settling-down/amp/|title=Jim Nwobodo @ 80: Finally Settling Down|date=May 9, 2020|publisher=Gwg|author=Ekpeneru, Chuks|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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. &lt;ref name=&quot;NO&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2007/mar/081.html|title=ANAMBRA STATE AND THE ONE-TERM GOVERNOR SYNDROME|date=March 8, 2007|author=Nwokoye, Chukwudi|publisher=Nigeria World|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2|title=Where Are Second Republic Governors?|publisher=ThisDay|author=Adeyemo, Ademola|work=All Africa|date=January 13, 2009|accessdate=May 18, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm|title=THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83|publisher=Countryside Studies|accessdate=May 18, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/53451/Nyam_Analysis_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y|title=AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2003 AND 2007 ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA|author=Aondowase, Nyam|year=2015|format=PDF|accessdate=May 22, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=World Statesmen|accessdate=2021-05-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528072649/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|archivedate=28 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Okpu|first=Ugbana|date=1985|title=Inter-Party Political Relations in Nigeria 1979-1983|format=JSTOR|journal=Africa Spectrum|volume=20|pages=191–209|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40174204|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Joseph|first=Richard A.|date=1981|title=The Ethnic Trap: Notes on the Nigerian Campaign and Elections, 1978-79|format=JSTOR|journal=Issue: A Journal of Opinion|volume=11|pages=17–23|doi=10.2307/1166229|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1166229|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jimnwobodo.com/bio.htm|title=Biography of Jim Nwobodo|publisher=Jim Nwobodo|accessdate=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;Nhọpụta mmetụta steeti Anambra n'afọ 1979 mere na Julaị 28, 1979. [1] Onye NPP bụ Jim Nwobodo mbụ nke mbụ wee bụrụ nwa mbụ nke steeti Anambra n'imeri onye NPN bụ Christian Onoh bụ onye ya na ya so were.  merie n'ahọmpi ahụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/02/25/20010225bac01.html|title=Why the Past Does Not Count|author=Ubani, Eziuche|date=25 February 2001|publisher=ThisDay|accessdate=May 27, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050115154314/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/02/25/20010225bac01.html|archivedate=January 15, 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2010/04/13/4724999.htm|title=Rimi - Exit of a Glamorous Politician [column]|date=April 13, 2010|publisher=TMCNET News|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://m.guardian.ng/sport/sports-can-take-nigerian-youths-away-from-crime-says-jim-nwobodo/amp/|title=Sports can take Nigerian youths away from crime, says Jim Nwobodo|author=Umeh, Kanayo Umeh|date=September 20, 2018|work=The Guardian|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/146343-solomon-lars-death-depletes-rank-of-nigerias-second-republic-governors.html|title=Solomon Lar's death depletes rank of Nigeria's Second Republic Governors|author=Owete, Festus|date=October 10, 2013|publisher=Premium Times|accessdate=May 30, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/umenyi-engr-roy/|title=Umenyi, Engr. Roy|work=Blerf|date=January 26, 2017|accessdate=May 31, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/10/08/state-governors-and-their-deputies/|title=State Governors and Their Deputies|author=Emmanuel, Odang|work=Rainbow Nigeria|date=October 8, 2020|accessdate=May 31, 2021|archivedate=June 2, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213047/https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/10/08/state-governors-and-their-deputies/}}&lt;/ref&gt;Jim Nwobodo mbụ onye meri na mmerika NPP .  Onye ya na ya gbara ọsọ bụ Roy Emenyi

. &lt;ref name=&quot;NO&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt; {{Cite news|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/anambra-guber-nwobodo-backs-nwoye/|title=Anambra guber: Nwobodo backs Nwoye|date=October 21, 2017|publisher=Sun News Online|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hart, C.|date=1993|title=The Nigerian Elections of 1983|journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute|volume=63|issue=3|pages=397–418|format=JSTOR|doi=10.2307/1161428|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1161428}}&lt;/ref&gt;Enwere otu ụzọ ụgbọ elu ise nke Federal Electoral Commission (FEDECO) debara aha na mbụaka ahụ.  Jim Nwobodo bụ onye NPP meri saịtị na nkọwa vootu kacha elu wee merie Christian Onoh nke NPN &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/|title=33. Nigeria (1960-present)|publisher=[[University of Central Arkansas]]|accessdate=May 20, 2021|archivedate=June 13, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613133852/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/jim-nwobodo-opens-up-why-i-contested-presidency-against-ekwueme/|title=Jim Nwobodo opens up: Why I contested presidency against Ekwueme|date=September 6, 2020|author=Eze, Magnus|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.factnewsonline.com/news/5479-Anambra-guber-Ex-Governor-Nwobodo-backs-Nwoye|title=Anambra guber: Ex-Governor, Nwobodo backs Nwoye|publisher=Fact News Online|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/theadvocatengr/docs/the_advocate_49th_edition|title=Police arrest 2 sons of Jim Nwobodo|date=February 4, 2015|publisher=issuu|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/what-jakande-told-me-before-he-died-by-jim-nwobodo/amp/|title=What Jakande told me before he died, by Jim Nwobodo|publisher=The Nation Online|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://gwg.ng/2020/05/09/jim-nwobodo-80-finally-settling-down/|title=Jim Nwobodo @ 80: Finally Settling Down|date=May 9, 2020|publisher=Gwg|author=Ekpeneru, Chuks|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <title>1979 Nhọrọ gọvanọ nke Bendel Steeti</title>
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&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2|title=Where Are Second Republic Governors?|publisher=ThisDay|author=Adeyemo, Ademola|work=All Africa|date=January 13, 2009|accessdate=May 18, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm|title=THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83|publisher=Countryside Studies|accessdate=May 18, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/53451/Nyam_Analysis_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y|title=AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2003 AND 2007 ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA|author=Aondowase, Nyam|year=2015|format=PDF|accessdate=May 22, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=World Statesmen|accessdate=2021-05-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528072649/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|archivedate=28 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Okpu|first=Ugbana|date=1985|title=Inter-Party Political Relations in Nigeria 1979-1983|format=JSTOR|journal=Africa Spectrum|volume=20|pages=191–209|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40174204|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Joseph|first=Richard A.|date=1981|title=The Ethnic Trap: Notes on the Nigerian Campaign and Elections, 1978-79|format=JSTOR|journal=Issue: A Journal of Opinion|volume=11|pages=17–23|doi=10.2307/1166229|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1166229|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ntuli aka nhọpụta ụdị nke steeti Bendel na 1979 mere na Julaị 28, 1979. [1] Ambrose Alli nke UPN ngwaahịa aka nke mbụ ka ọ bụrụ Govanọ Bendel steeti mbụ na-edu ma merie nnukwu mmegide na ike ahụ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2010/04/13/4724999.htm|title=Rimi - Exit of a Glamorous Politician [column]|date=April 13, 2010|publisher=TMCNET News|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/09/obaseki-leads-global-icons-to-ekpoma-for-ambrose-alli-memorial/|title=Obaseki leads global icons to Ekpoma for Ambrose Alli memorial|date=September 21, 2018|publisher=Vanguard|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.edoworld.net/Governors_1963_to_date.html|title=Midwest/Bendel/Edo state Governors 1963-Date|publisher=EdoWorld|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/415354-election-30-notable-things-you-need-to-know-about-edo.html|title=Election: 30 notable things you need to know about Edo|date=September 18, 2020|publisher=Premium Times|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/146343-solomon-lars-death-depletes-rank-of-nigerias-second-republic-governors.html|title=Solomon Lar's death depletes rank of Nigeria's Second Republic Governors|author=Owete, Festus|date=October 10, 2013|publisher=Premium Times|accessdate=May 30, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hart, C.|date=1993|title=The Nigerian Elections of 1983|journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute|volume=63|issue=3|pages=397–418|format=JSTOR|doi=10.2307/1161428|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1161428}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/|title=33. Nigeria (1960-present)|publisher=[[University of Central Arkansas]]|accessdate=May 20, 2021|archivedate=June 13, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613133852/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/}}&lt;/ref&gt;Enwere otu ụzọ ụgbọ elu ise nke Federal Electoral Commission (FEDECO) debara aha na mbụaka ahụ.  Ambrose Folorunsho Alli nke NPN meri n'aashmpi ahụ site na ihe vootu kacha elu</text>
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    <title>1979 Nhọrọ gọvanọ nke Benue Steeti</title>
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.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2|title=Where Are Second Republic Governors?|publisher=ThisDay|author=Adeyemo, Ademola|work=All Africa|date=January 13, 2009|accessdate=May 18, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm|title=THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83|publisher=Countryside Studies|accessdate=May 18, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/53451/Nyam_Analysis_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y|title=AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2003 AND 2007 ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA|author=Aondowase, Nyam|year=2015|format=PDF|accessdate=May 22, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=World Statesmen|accessdate=2021-05-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528072649/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|archivedate=28 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;Nhọpụta pụta Benue Steeti 1979 mere na Julaị 28, 1979. [1] Aper Aku nke NPN meri mbụ nke mbụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe mbụ nke Benue Steeti na-edu ndú ma merie nnukwu mmegide ahụ ahụ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Okpu|first=Ugbana|date=1985|title=Inter-Party Political Relations in Nigeria 1979-1983|format=JSTOR|journal=Africa Spectrum|volume=20|pages=191–209|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40174204|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Joseph|first=Richard A.|date=1981|title=The Ethnic Trap: Notes on the Nigerian Campaign and Elections, 1978-79|format=JSTOR|journal=Issue: A Journal of Opinion|volume=11|pages=17–23|doi=10.2307/1166229|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1166229|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2010/04/13/4724999.htm|title=Rimi - Exit of a Glamorous Politician [column]|date=April 13, 2010|publisher=TMCNET News|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://greaterbenue.com/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=117|work=Government of Benue State|title=Mr. Aper Aku|accessdate=May 29, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711123642/http://greaterbenue.com/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=117#|archivedate=2011-07-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iambenue.com/benue-state/benue-state/benue-state-governors/|title=Benue State Governors|work=I Am Benue|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201002081434.html|title=Benue - Real Or Mystic Food Basket|publisher=Daily Champion|work=All Africa|author=Agbo, Francis Ottah|date=February 7, 2010|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/146343-solomon-lars-death-depletes-rank-of-nigerias-second-republic-governors.html|title=Solomon Lar's death depletes rank of Nigeria's Second Republic Governors|author=Owete, Festus|date=October 10, 2013|publisher=Premium Times|accessdate=May 30, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://peoplesdailyng.com/aper-aku-the-rise-of-minority-politics-in-nigeria-i/|title=Aper Aku: The Rise of Minority Politics in Nigeria (I)|work=Peoples Daily|date=December 2, 2014|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/10/08/state-governors-and-their-deputies/|title=State Governors and Their Deputies|author=Emmanuel, Odang|work=Rainbow Nigeria|date=October 8, 2020|accessdate=May 31, 2021|archivedate=June 2, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213047/https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/10/08/state-governors-and-their-deputies/}}&lt;/ref&gt;Aper Aku mmanyara onye NPN na mbụaka praịmarị, ka o meri Isaac Shaahu na George Atedze.  [1] Onye zọọ ọkwa ya bụ Isah Odoma

.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hart, C.|date=1993|title=The Nigerian Elections of 1983|journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute|volume=63|issue=3|pages=397–418|format=JSTOR|doi=10.2307/1161428|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1161428}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/|title=33. Nigeria (1960-present)|publisher=[[University of Central Arkansas]]|accessdate=May 20, 2021|archivedate=June 13, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613133852/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://naija.yafri.ca/opinion-gov-ortom/|title=Opinion: Inspiring stories out of Benue state|date=April 24, 2017|publisher=YNaija|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;Enwere otu ụzọ ndị isi ise nke Federal Electoral Commission (FEDECO) debara aha ya bụ ndị na-eche ihu ahụ.  Aper Aku nke NPN meri ahụ site na ihe vootu kacha elu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://naija.yafri.ca/collins-uma-aper-aku-greatest-man-to-ever-serve-as-governor-of-benue-state-y-frontpage/|title=Collins Uma: Aper Aku – Greatest man to ever serve as Governor of Benue state (Y! Frontpage)|date=February 3, 2014|author=Uma, Collins|publisher=YNaija|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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. &lt;ref name=&quot;Comp&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://yenlive.com/news/index.php/opinions/2976-mohammed-goni-the-kanuri-warrior-who-fought-wars-by-victor-izekor|title=Mohammed Goni: The Kanuri warrior who fought wars by Victor Izekor|author=Izekor, Victor|date=May 22, 2020|work=Yenlive|accessdate=May 29, 2021|archivedate=June 2, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214740/https://yenlive.com/news/index.php/opinions/2976-mohammed-goni-the-kanuri-warrior-who-fought-wars-by-victor-izekor}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;AS&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Panter-Brick, K.|date=1979|title=Nigeria: The 1979 Elections|journal=Africa Spectrum|volume=14|issue=3|accessdate=May 20, 2021|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40173962}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2|title=Where Are Second Republic Governors?|publisher=ThisDay|author=Adeyemo, Ademola|work=All Africa|date=January 13, 2009|accessdate=May 18, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm|title=THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83|publisher=Countryside Studies|accessdate=May 18, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/53451/Nyam_Analysis_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y|title=AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2003 AND 2007 ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA|author=Aondowase, Nyam|year=2015|format=PDF|accessdate=May 22, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=World Statesmen|accessdate=2021-05-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528072649/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|archivedate=28 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;Nhọpụta steeti Borno 1979 mere na Julaị 28, 1979. [1] Mohammed Goni nke GNPP meri nke mbụ ka ọ bụrụ mbụ nke steeti Borno, wee merie Kam Salem bụ onye isi NPN n'asɔmpi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Okpu|first=Ugbana|date=1985|title=Inter-Party Political Relations in Nigeria 1979-1983|format=JSTOR|journal=Africa Spectrum|volume=20|pages=191–209|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40174204|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Joseph|first=Richard A.|date=1981|title=The Ethnic Trap: Notes on the Nigerian Campaign and Elections, 1978-79|format=JSTOR|journal=Issue: A Journal of Opinion|volume=11|pages=17–23|doi=10.2307/1166229|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1166229|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2010/04/13/4724999.htm|title=Rimi - Exit of a Glamorous Politician [column]|date=April 13, 2010|publisher=TMCNET News|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://news.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=8522|title=How we underdeveloped Borno North, by Mohammed Goni|date=September 30, 2009|author=Ola, Timothy|publisher=OnlineNigeria Daily News|accessdate=May 29, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225040919/http://news.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=8522|archivedate=February 25, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/21498/1/Only-two-party-system-can-save-Nigeria-Goni/Page1.html|title=Only two-party system can save Nigeria, Goni|author=Babalola, Jide|date=October 11, 2009|publisher=The Nation|accessdate=May 29, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726120632/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/21498/1/Only-two-party-system-can-save-Nigeria-Goni/Page1.html|archivedate=July 26, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/03/goni-assures-on-purposeful-leadership/|title=Goni assures on purposeful leadership|date=March 8, 2011|author=Marama, Ndahi|publisher=Vanguard|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/theophilus-bamgboye-mohammed-goni-where-are-they-now/|title=Theophilus Bamgboye, Mohammed Goni: Where are they now?|date=July 20, 2019|author=Idachaba, Eleojo|publisher=Blueprint|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/10/08/state-governors-and-their-deputies/|title=State Governors and Their Deputies|author=Emmanuel, Odang|work=Rainbow Nigeria|accessdate=May 31, 2021|archivedate=June 2, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213047/https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/10/08/state-governors-and-their-deputies/}}&lt;/ref&gt;Mohammed Goni putara onye GNPP ka e hoputara ya na-ebu ya, meri Abba Jiddum Gana n'oke oke.  Goni gbara ọnụ ọnụ 166 na Gana 18. [1] Onye gbara Goni n'ọsọ bụ Ibrahim Anas

. &lt;ref name=&quot;Comp&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;AS&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hart, C.|date=1993|title=The Nigerian Elections of 1983|journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute|volume=63|issue=3|pages=397–418|format=JSTOR|doi=10.2307/1161428|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1161428}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/|title=33. Nigeria (1960-present)|publisher=[[University of Central Arkansas]]|accessdate=May 20, 2021|archivedate=June 13, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613133852/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/50985/borno-guber-poll-how-it-was-won-lost.html|title=BORNO GUBER POLL: HOW IT WAS WON, LOST|date=May 3, 2011|publisher=NBF News|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamji.com/article6000/NEWS6428.htm|title=Can Ali Sheriff Break The Continuity Jinx?|author=Bala, Tahiru|work=Gamji|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://masternews.com.ng/former-old-borno-gov-mohammed-goni-is-dead/|title=Former Old Borno Gov. Mohammed Goni Is Dead|work=Master News|date=April 30, 2020|accessdate=May 29, 2021|archivedate=June 2, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213554/https://masternews.com.ng/former-old-borno-gov-mohammed-goni-is-dead/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/304557-just-in-ex-borno-governor-goni-others-quit-pdp-for-apc.html|title=Ex-Borno governor, Goni, others, quit PDP for APC|author=Tukur, Sani|date=January 7, 2019|publisher=Vanguard|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/01/07/2019-ex-borno-gov-goni-dumps-pdp-apc-gives-reasons/|title=2019: Ex-Borno gov, Goni dumps PDP for APC, gives reasons|date=January 7, 2019|author=Opejobi, Seun|publisher=Daily Post|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/390586-ex-borno-governor-muhammed-goni-is-dead.html|title=Ex-Borno governor, Muhammed Goni, is dead|author=Haruna, Abdulkareem|date=April 29, 2020|publisher=Vanguard|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/146343-solomon-lars-death-depletes-rank-of-nigerias-second-republic-governors.html|title=Solomon Lar's death depletes rank of Nigeria's Second Republic Governors|author=Owete, Festus|date=October 10, 2013|publisher=Premium Times|accessdate=May 30, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABR753.pdf|title=6 Aspects of Income Distribution in the Nigerian Urban Sector|publisher=USAID|accessdate=May 30, 2021|archivedate=February 22, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222165809/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABR753.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;Enwere otu ụzọ ndị ụkwụ ise nke Federal Electoral Commission (FEDECO) debanyere aha ka ha sonye na mbụ ahụ.  Mohammed Goni nke GNPP mpempe ahụ site na ahia vootu kacha elu wee merie Kam Salem nke NPN .</text>
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.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2|title=Where Are Second Republic Governors?|publisher=ThisDay|author=Adeyemo, Ademola|work=All Africa|date=January 13, 2009|accessdate=May 18, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm|title=THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83|publisher=Countryside Studies|accessdate=May 18, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/53451/Nyam_Analysis_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y|title=AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2003 AND 2007 ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA|author=Aondowase, Nyam|year=2015|format=PDF|accessdate=May 22, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=World Statesmen|accessdate=2021-05-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528072649/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|archivedate=28 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Okpu|first=Ugbana|date=1985|title=Inter-Party Political Relations in Nigeria 1979-1983|format=JSTOR|journal=Africa Spectrum|volume=20|pages=191–209|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40174204|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Joseph|first=Richard A.|date=1981|title=The Ethnic Trap: Notes on the Nigerian Campaign and Elections, 1978-79|format=JSTOR|journal=Issue: A Journal of Opinion|volume=11|pages=17–23|doi=10.2307/1166229|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1166229|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2010/04/13/4724999.htm|title=Rimi - Exit of a Glamorous Politician [column]|date=April 13, 2010|publisher=TMCNET News|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhọpụta steeti steeti Kuros Riva n'afọ 1979 mere na Julaị 28, 1979. [1] Onye NPN bụ Clement Isong meri nke mbụ nke ọ bụrụ na ọ mụrụ Cross River mbụ na-edu ndú ma merie nnukwu mmegide na ike ahụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://m.guardian.ng/opinion/isong-integrity-personified/|title=Isong: Integrity Personified|author=Ekpu, Ray|date=September 3, 2019|work=The Guardian|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Crippled giant: Nigeria since independence|author=Osaghae, Eghosa E.|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=1998|isbn=0-253-21197-2|accessdate=May 29, 2021|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780253211972/page/144}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/146343-solomon-lars-death-depletes-rank-of-nigerias-second-republic-governors.html|title=Solomon Lar's death depletes rank of Nigeria's Second Republic Governors|author=Owete, Festus|date=October 10, 2013|publisher=Premium Times|accessdate=May 30, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hart, C.|date=1993|title=The Nigerian Elections of 1983|journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute|volume=63|issue=3|pages=397–418|format=JSTOR|doi=10.2307/1161428|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1161428}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/|title=33. Nigeria (1960-present)|publisher=[[University of Central Arkansas]]|accessdate=May 20, 2021|archivedate=June 13, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613133852/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/the-punch/20201129/282510071126719|title=Clement Isong|publisher=Punch|date=November 20, 2020|work=Press Reader|accessdate=May 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;Enwere otu ụzọ ndị ụkwụ ise nke Federal Electoral Commission (FEDECO) debanyere aha ka ha sonye na mbụ ahụ.  Clement Nyong Isong nke NPN meri Iran site na ihe vootu kacha elu.{{Election results|cand1=[[Clement Isong]]|party1=[[National Party of Nigeria]] (NPN)|votes1=|cand2=|party2=[[Nigerian People's Party]] (NPP)|votes2=|cand3=|party3=[[Great Nigeria People's Party]] (GNPP)|votes3=|invalid=|electorate=|source=Africa Spectrum&lt;ref name=&quot;AS&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |author=Panter-Brick, K. |date=1979 |title=Nigeria: The 1979 Elections |journal=Africa Spectrum |volume=14 |issue=3 |page=323 |jstor=40173962 |access-date=May 20, 2021 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40173962 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}</text>
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. .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2|title=Where Are Second Republic Governors?|publisher=ThisDay|author=Adeyemo, Ademola|work=All Africa|date=January 13, 2009|accessdate=May 18, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm|title=THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83|publisher=Countryside Studies|accessdate=May 18, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/53451/Nyam_Analysis_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y|title=AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2003 AND 2007 ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA|author=Aondowase, Nyam|year=2015|format=PDF|accessdate=May 22, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=World Statesmen|accessdate=2021-05-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528072649/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|archivedate=28 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Okpu|first=Ugbana|date=1985|title=Inter-Party Political Relations in Nigeria 1979-1983|format=JSTOR|journal=Africa Spectrum|volume=20|pages=191–209|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40174204|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;Nhọpụta pụta Gongola Steeti 1979 mere na Julaị 28, 1979. [1] Abubakar Barde nke GNPP meriaka maka oge mbụ bụ na ọ mụrụ mbụ Gongola steeti ji 47.6% merie onye agha NPN bụ Ahmed Mahmudu Ribadu, [2] [3]  ] onye ikike 34.6% na ahụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Joseph|first=Richard A.|date=1981|title=The Ethnic Trap: Notes on the Nigerian Campaign and Elections, 1978-79|format=JSTOR|journal=Issue: A Journal of Opinion|volume=11|pages=17–23|doi=10.2307/1166229|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1166229|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pointblanknews.com/artopn1694.html|date=August 31, 2009|work=Point Blank News|title=SACKING OF THE FIVE BANKS MANAGING DIRECTORS: IS THE WHOLE THING DECEITFUL?|author=Ubochi, Temple Chima|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20190103/281578061792768|title=Adamawa and Politics of Bandwagon|publisher=ThisDay|date=January 3, 2019|work=Press Reader|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://dailytrust.com/reminiscences-with-alhaji-abubakar-hamidu-girei|title=Reminiscences With Alhaji Abubakar Hamidu Girei|date=March 16, 2020|publisher=Daily Trust|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2010/04/13/4724999.htm|title=Rimi - Exit of a Glamorous Politician [column]|date=April 13, 2010|publisher=TMCNET News|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

. &lt;ref name=&quot;APol&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamji.com/article5000/NEWS5057.htm|title=Adamawa Governorship 2007; A Fuzzy Rumble, Steep Marathon!|author=Muhammad, Zayyad I.|work=Gamji|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2020/08/15/adamawa-declares-3-day-mourning-as-former-gov-wilberforce-juta-dies/|title=Adamawa declares 3-day mourning as former Gov Wilberforce Juta dies|date=August 15, 2020|author=Ochetenwu, Jim|publisher=Daily Post|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://newsloungeng.com/a-former-governor-juta-is-dead/|title=A Former Governor, Juta Is Dead|date=August 16, 2020|publisher=News Lounge|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thexpressng.com/2020/08/16/ex-gongola-gov-wilberforce-juta-is-dead/|title=Ex-Gongola gov, Wilberforce Juta is dead|author=Segun|date=August 16, 2020|work=The Nigerian Express|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;Abubakar Barde onye ji ọkọlọtọ GNPP ka o meri onye ya na ya nso bụ Wilberforce Juta, onye mechakwara bụrụ osote ya na-amalite aka praịmarị pati ahụ jiri vootu awụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news2.onlinenigeria.com/news/general/845840-breaking-former-nigerian-governor-dies-after-brief-illness.html|title=Breaking: Former Nigerian governor dies after brief illness|date=August 15, 2020|author=Madison, Rachel|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hart, C.|date=1993|title=The Nigerian Elections of 1983|journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute|volume=63|issue=3|pages=397–418|format=JSTOR|doi=10.2307/1161428|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1161428}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/|title=33. Nigeria (1960-present)|publisher=[[University of Central Arkansas]]|accessdate=May 20, 2021|archivedate=June 13, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613133852/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/reasons-why-the-tiv-and-jukun-are-in-war/|title=Reasons why the Tiv and Jukun are in war|date=July 29, 2019|publisher=The Nation Online|accessdate=May 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;Atọ n'ime otu ndị agha ndị ise nke Federal Electoral Commission (FEDECO) debanyere aha so na njikere ahụ.  Abubakar Barde nke GNPP mpempe ahụ site na ike vootu kacha elu bụ 47.6%.  Ozi ndị e debanyere aha ha bụ 2,284,500.  Ngụkọta nke vootu 650,725 ka a iya &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/146343-solomon-lars-death-depletes-rank-of-nigerias-second-republic-governors.html|title=Solomon Lar's death depletes rank of Nigeria's Second Republic Governors|author=Owete, Festus|date=October 10, 2013|publisher=Premium Times|accessdate=May 30, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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== Visibility of Communities in Nigeria 2.0 ==

''' Visibility of Communities in Nigeria on Wikidata 2.0 ''' This is a collaborative initiative to boost the online presence of Nigerian communities on Wikidata, focusing on South-South Nigeria and beyond. By adding and enriching community data items , we promote cultural preservation, tourism, and inclusive development.Join us in mapping Nigeria's Communities on the global map.

== Background ==
Nigerian communities are rich in culture and history, got various types of towns and villages, but many remain unrecognized online. This project aims to increase their visibility on Wikidata, promoting cultural preservation, tourism, and inclusive development.

== Objectives ==
* Increase representation of Nigerian communities on Wikidata
* Promote cultural preservation and tourism
* Empower community development through data
* Enhance inclusivity and equality

== Expected Outcome ==
* Contribute and translate up to 300 items of communities on Wikidata
* Train new and old members on contributing to Wikidata
* Boost Igbo language and culture growth and awareness.
* Improved online visibility for South-South Nigeria and other communities

== Target Audience ==
*Nigerian local community/village members 
*Wikimedia contributors
*Researchers and students
*General public interested in Nigerian culture

== Red List ==
*[https://docs.google.com/document/d/13E4n1bmHi3gviB2iE8lm5lZRVnvhXJa-l1yInma7XM4/edit?usp=drivesdk obodo dị na Naịjirịa]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Local_government_areas_in_Akwa_Ibom_State Ndepụta Ihe A Ga-eme]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Local_government_areas_in_Edo_State Ndepụta uhie]        
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Local_government_areas_in_Delta_State Ndepụta uhie]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Cross_River_State ndepụta uhie] 
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Akwa_Ibom_State ndepụta ihe a ga-eme]

== Event Timeline ==

Project Launch/Online event - ''' Friday 17th April 2026 ''' 
*Time - ''' 5:00PM WAT

*Contest start date - ''' Friday 17th April 2026
*Time - ''' 6:00PM WAT  

*Contest end date - ''' Friday 24th April 2026'''
*Time -11:00PM WAT

== Prizes to be Won ==
* First Voucher 
*Second Voucher 
*Third Voucher 
*Fourth Voucher 
*Fifth Voucher 
‘’’ Consolation Prizes ‘’’
*Sixth prize
*Seventh prize 
*Eight prize 

==Organizers==
*[[User:Bridget2023]]
*[[User:Chrysella]]
*[[User:Nwosuphayvour]] 

[[Category: Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]
[[Otú:Mmemme]]
[[Otú:Mmemme 2026]]</text>
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[[File:Wikimedian_User_Group_Flier_for_documentating_Visibility_of_Communities_In_Nigeria_2.0.jpg|thumb|center|960x960px]]
|}

== Visibility of Communities in Nigeria 2.0 ==

''' Visibility of Communities in Nigeria on Wikidata 2.0 ''' This is a collaborative initiative to boost the online presence of Nigerian communities on Wikidata, focusing on South-South Nigeria and beyond. By adding and enriching community data items , we promote cultural preservation, tourism, and inclusive development.Join us in mapping Nigeria's Communities on the global map.

== Background ==
Nigerian communities are rich in culture and history, got various types of towns and villages, but many remain unrecognized online. This project aims to increase their visibility on Wikidata, promoting cultural preservation, tourism, and inclusive development.

== Objectives ==
* Increase representation of Nigerian communities on Wikidata
* Promote cultural preservation and tourism
* Empower community development through data
* Enhance inclusivity and equality

== Expected Outcome ==
* Contribute and translate up to 300 items of communities on Wikidata
* Train new and old members on contributing to Wikidata
* Boost Igbo language and culture growth and awareness.
* Improved online visibility for South-South Nigeria and other communities

== Target Audience ==
*Nigerian local community/village members 
*Wikimedia contributors
*Researchers and students
*General public interested in Nigerian culture

== Red List ==
*[https://docs.google.com/document/d/13E4n1bmHi3gviB2iE8lm5lZRVnvhXJa-l1yInma7XM4/edit?usp=drivesdk obodo dị na Naịjirịa]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Local_government_areas_in_Akwa_Ibom_State Ndepụta Ihe A Ga-eme]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Local_government_areas_in_Edo_State Ndepụta uhie]        
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Local_government_areas_in_Delta_State Ndepụta uhie]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Cross_River_State ndepụta uhie] 
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Akwa_Ibom_State ndepụta ihe a ga-eme]

== Event Timeline ==

Project Launch/Online event - ''' Friday 17th April 2026 ''' 
*Time - ''' 5:00PM WAT

*Contest start date - ''' Friday 17th April 2026
*Time - ''' 6:00PM WAT  

*Contest end date - ''' Friday 24th April 2026'''
*Time -11:00PM WAT

== Prizes to be Won ==
* First Voucher 
*Second Voucher 
*Third Voucher 
*Fourth Voucher 
*Fifth Voucher 
''' Consolation Prizes '''
*Sixth prize
*Seventh prize 
*Eight prize 

==Organizers==
*[[User:Bridget2023]]
*[[User:Chrysella]]
*[[User:Nwosuphayvour]] 

[[Category: Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]
[[Otú:Mmemme]]
[[Otú:Mmemme 2026]]</text>
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==[[User:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]]==
{{Bot ohu|DolphybBot}} 

'''Operator:''' {{u|Dolphyb}}

&lt;!--Automatic: Specify whether supervised or unsupervised --&gt;
&lt;!--Manually Assisted: User must manually confirm every change --&gt;
'''Automatic or Manually Assisted:''' Automatic

&lt;!--Programming Language: The computer language that this bot will be written in. E.g. Python, Java, C, VB, AutoWikiBrowser. NOT English etc --&gt;
'''[[:en:Programming Language|Programming Language]](s):''' Python

&lt;!--Please keep Function Summary SHORT--&gt;
'''Function Summary:''' Automatically welcome new users on their talk pages

'''Edit period(s)''' ''(e.g. Continuous, daily, one time run)''''':''' runs daily

&lt;!--For existing bots only--&gt;
'''Already has a bot flag''' ''(Y/N)''''':''' No

&lt;!--List full function details here--&gt;
'''Function Details:'''
=== Bot Function ===

This bot is designed to automatically welcome new users on Igbo Wikipedia by posting a standardized welcome template on their user talk pages.

The bot will:

*Monitor newly registered accounts using the MediaWiki new user logs (using recentchange)
*Check whether the user has made at least one edit before sending a welcome message
*Verify that the user is not:
::*an IP address (anonymous user)
::*a bot account
::*a blocked user
*Confirm that the user has not already been welcomed (i.e., their user talk page does not already exist or does not contain a welcome message)

*Once these conditions are met, the bot will:

Post a welcome message using a predefined on-wiki template (e.g., &lt;pre&gt;{{Nnọọ}})&lt;/pre&gt;
Add the message only once per user to avoid duplication

=== Edit Type ===
Edits will be limited to user talk pages only and will include a clear edit summary indicating that the message is a welcome from a bot.

=== Safeguards ===

*The bot will not overwrite existing talk page content
*The bot will skip users who have already been welcomed
*The bot will maintain a local log of processed users to avoid duplicate messages
*The bot will comply with community feedback and can be stopped immediately if issues arise

=== Framework ===
The bot is built using Pywikibot and operates via the official MediaWiki API. 

===Discussion===
&lt;!-- This is not a vote.  It is a discussion --&gt;

# Support. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]])
#Strong support this Bot for approval [[User:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#ffe900 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#ffe900 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sayvhior&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 10:52, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
# Support. [[Ojiarụ: Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]]([[Nkata ojiarụ:Chinemeremprince|nkata]])
# Support. --[[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 21:44, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
# Strongly support. --[[Ojiarụ:Chiziqa|Chiziqa]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Chiziqa|ṅkátá]]) 18:24, 13 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
# Strongly support. [[Ojiarụ:NiferO|NiferO]]([[Nkata ojiarụ: NiferO|Nkata]]) 19:47, 13 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
# Support. --[[Ojiarụ: Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa|Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa]] ([[Nkata Ojiarụ: Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa|nkata]]) 20:12, 13 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
# Support [[User:Akwugo|Akwugo]] ([[User talk:Akwugo|talk]])  19:54, 13 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
# Support [[Ojiarụ:Ngostary2k|Ngostary2k]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Ngostary2k|ṅkátá]]) 15:17, 14 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
# Strongly Support [[USer:Ceslause|Ceslause]] [[Ojiarụ:Ceslause|Ceslause]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Ceslause|ṅkátá]]) 07:37, 16 Eprel 2026 (UTC)</text>
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==[[User:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]]==
{{Bot ohu|DolphybBot}} 

'''Operator:''' {{u|Dolphyb}}

&lt;!--Automatic: Specify whether supervised or unsupervised --&gt;
&lt;!--Manually Assisted: User must manually confirm every change --&gt;
'''Automatic or Manually Assisted:''' Automatic

&lt;!--Programming Language: The computer language that this bot will be written in. E.g. Python, Java, C, VB, AutoWikiBrowser. NOT English etc --&gt;
'''[[:en:Programming Language|Programming Language]](s):''' Python

&lt;!--Please keep Function Summary SHORT--&gt;
'''Function Summary:''' Automatically welcome new users on their talk pages

'''Edit period(s)''' ''(e.g. Continuous, daily, one time run)''''':''' runs daily

&lt;!--For existing bots only--&gt;
'''Already has a bot flag''' ''(Y/N)''''':''' No

&lt;!--List full function details here--&gt;
'''Function Details:'''
=== Bot Function ===

This bot is designed to automatically welcome new users on Igbo Wikipedia by posting a standardized welcome template on their user talk pages.

The bot will:

*Monitor newly registered accounts using the MediaWiki new user logs (using recentchange)
*Check whether the user has made at least one edit before sending a welcome message
*Verify that the user is not:
::*an IP address (anonymous user)
::*a bot account
::*a blocked user
*Confirm that the user has not already been welcomed (i.e., their user talk page does not already exist or does not contain a welcome message)

*Once these conditions are met, the bot will:

Post a welcome message using a predefined on-wiki template (e.g., &lt;pre&gt;{{Nnọọ}})&lt;/pre&gt;
Add the message only once per user to avoid duplication

=== Edit Type ===
Edits will be limited to user talk pages only and will include a clear edit summary indicating that the message is a welcome from a bot.

=== Safeguards ===

*The bot will not overwrite existing talk page content
*The bot will skip users who have already been welcomed
*The bot will maintain a local log of processed users to avoid duplicate messages
*The bot will comply with community feedback and can be stopped immediately if issues arise

=== Framework ===
The bot is built using Pywikibot and operates via the official MediaWiki API. 

===Discussion===
&lt;!-- This is not a vote.  It is a discussion --&gt;

# Support. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]])
#Strong support this Bot for approval [[User:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#ffe900 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#ffe900 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sayvhior&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 10:52, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
# Support. [[Ojiarụ: Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]]([[Nkata ojiarụ:Chinemeremprince|nkata]])
# Support. --[[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 21:44, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
# Strongly support. --[[Ojiarụ:Chiziqa|Chiziqa]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Chiziqa|ṅkátá]]) 18:24, 13 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
# Strongly support. [[Ojiarụ:NiferO|NiferO]]([[Nkata ojiarụ: NiferO|Nkata]]) 19:47, 13 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
# Support. --[[Ojiarụ: Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa|Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa]] ([[Nkata Ojiarụ: Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa|nkata]]) 20:12, 13 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
# Support [[User:Akwugo|Akwugo]] ([[User talk:Akwugo|talk]])  19:54, 13 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
# Support [[Ojiarụ:Ngostary2k|Ngostary2k]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Ngostary2k|ṅkátá]]) 15:17, 14 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
# Strongly Support [[Ojiarụ:Ceslause|Ceslause]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Ceslause|ṅkátá]]) 07:37, 16 Eprel 2026 (UTC)</text>
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    <title>Mary Moodley</title>
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        <id>13026</id>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348774661|Mary Moodley]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6218" sha1="qa2ime1eyv0utgqt2uy7k0iequyvu2d" xml:space="preserve">'''Mary Moodley''' (nke a na-akpọkwa Aunty Mary; 1913 - October 23, 1979) &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/mary-moodley|title=Mary Moodley|date=26 March 2012|work=South African History Online|accessdate=7 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye na-akwado otu ndị ọrụ na onye na-akwado mmegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na South Africa. Moodley na-ebikarị n'ụlọ ya na mpaghara ndị isi ojii nke Wattville Township na ezinụlọ ya na ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi, ma ndị isi ojii ma ndị ọcha, na-ebikarị n'ụlọ ya..&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://v1.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/organisations/SACTU/09_women-play-role.htm#mabel|title=Organize... or Starve! - The History of the SACTU|author=Luckhardt|work=South African Congress of Trade Unions|publisher=South African History Online|accessdate=7 September 2016|archivedate=22 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822091136/http://v1.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/organisations/SACTU/09_women-play-role.htm#mabel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-emesapụ aka na obere ego o nwere ma bụrụ &quot;onye na-aga chọọchị mgbe niile&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ndụ Mbido ==
A mụrụ Mary Moodley, nke a makwaara dị ka Aunty Mary, n'afọ 1913. Ọ biri na Wattville Township dị nso na Benoni na East Rand, South Africa, ebe ya na ezinụlọ ya na ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi, ma ndị isi ojii ma ndị ọcha, na-ebi n'ụlọ ya. N'agbanyeghị na o nwere obere ego, a maara ya maka mmesapụ aka ya ma bụrụ onye na-aga chọọchị mgbe niile.

Moodley malitere ịrụsi ọrụ ike na obodo na nhazi ọrụ site na nwata. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ uwe ma ghọọ onye nhazi maka South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU) na Food and Canning Workers Union na 1950s. Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere South African Coloured People's Congress (SACPO) na onye nhazi maka Federation of South African Women (FEDSAW). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mary Moodley|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/mary-moodley|work=South African History Online|accessdate=13 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Moodley so na South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU), Food and Canning Workers Union, African National Congress (ANC), Federation of South African Women, na otu onye hiwere South African Coloured People's Congress (SACPO) &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/mary-moodley|title=Mary Moodley|date=26 March 2012|work=South African History Online|accessdate=7 September 2016}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/mary-moodley &quot;Mary Moodley&quot;]. ''South African History Online''. 26 March 2012&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 September&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Food and Canning Workers Union na 1950s na East Rand . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2016-08-25-60-iconic-women-the-people-behind-the-1956-womens-march-to-pretoria-41-50/|title=60 Iconic Women — The people behind the 1956 Women's March to Pretoria (41-50)|date=25 August 2016|work=Mail &amp; Guardian|accessdate=8 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1963, a machibidoro ya iwu n'okpuru iwu nke Iwu Mmachibido Iwu Kọmunist . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgzGqNhLY1UC&amp;q=%22south+african+coloured+people%27s+congress%22+moodley&amp;pg=PA35|title=Women Marching Into the 21st Century: Wathint' abafazi, wathint' imbokodo|author=Human Sciences Research Council|publisher=HSRC Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0796919663|pages=33–34}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi mmachibido iwu ya, a naghị ekwe ka ọ sonyere n'òtù ndị ọrụ ma ọ bụ gaa nzukọ, a kpọchiri ya naanị n'ógbè ndị ọkaikpe ya dị na Benoni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://v1.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/organisations/SACTU/09_women-play-role.htm#mabel|title=Organize... or Starve! - The History of the SACTU|author=Luckhardt|work=South African Congress of Trade Unions|publisher=South African History Online|accessdate=7 September 2016|archivedate=22 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822091136/http://v1.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/organisations/SACTU/09_women-play-role.htm#mabel}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLuckhardtWall&quot;&gt;Luckhardt; Wall. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160822091136/http://v1.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/organisations/SACTU/09_women-play-role.htm#mabel &quot;Organize... or Starve! - The History of the SACTU&quot;]. ''South African Congress of Trade Unions''. South African History Online. Archived from [http://v1.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/organisations/SACTU/09_women-play-role.htm#mabel the original] on 22 August 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 September&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1964, e jidere ya n'okpuru Iwu Ụbọchị 90.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.sff.document.nuun1969_13_final.pdf|title=Opponents to Apartheid Subjected to Banning Orders in South Africa|author=United Nations Centre Against Apartheid|publisher=United Nation|year=1969|pages=30|accessdate=7 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nọwo na-enyere ndị ghọrọ ndị na-agba ọsọ aka ịhapụ South Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/mary-moodley|title=Mary Moodley|date=26 March 2012|work=South African History Online|accessdate=7 September 2016}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/mary-moodley &quot;Mary Moodley&quot;]. ''South African History Online''. 26 March 2012&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 September&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A na-emezigharị mmachibido iwu ya, nke ga-adịru afọ ise ma iji gaa ụlọ ọgwụ, ọ ghaghị ịrịọ ikike n'aka ndị ọchịchị mpaghara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ọ nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1979. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ndị nọ n'okpuru iwu machibidoro iwu n'okpuru ịkpa ókè agbụrụ

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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      <text bytes="5561" sha1="pwcipfkwukezmwbb9nfi4qz8vjw97du" xml:space="preserve">'''Mary Moodley''' (nke a na-akpọkwa Aunty Mary; 1913 - October 23, 1979) &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; bụ onye na-akwado otu ndị ọrụ na onye na-akwado mmegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na South Africa. Moodley na-ebikarị n'ụlọ ya na mpaghara ndị isi ojii nke Wattville Township na ezinụlọ ya na ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi, ma ndị isi ojii ma ndị ọcha, na-ebikarị n'ụlọ ya..&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Ọ na-emesapụ aka na obere ego o nwere ma bụrụ &quot;onye na-aga chọọchị mgbe niile&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ndụ Mbido ==
A mụrụ Mary Moodley, nke a makwaara dị ka Aunty Mary, n'afọ 1913. Ọ biri na Wattville Township dị nso na Benoni na East Rand, South Africa, ebe ya na ezinụlọ ya na ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi, ma ndị isi ojii ma ndị ọcha, na-ebi n'ụlọ ya. N'agbanyeghị na o nwere obere ego, a maara ya maka mmesapụ aka ya ma bụrụ onye na-aga chọọchị mgbe niile.

Moodley malitere ịrụsi ọrụ ike na obodo na nhazi ọrụ site na nwata. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ uwe ma ghọọ onye nhazi maka South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU) na Food and Canning Workers Union na 1950s. Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere South African Coloured People's Congress (SACPO) na onye nhazi maka Federation of South African Women (FEDSAW). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mary Moodley|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/mary-moodley|work=South African History Online|accessdate=13 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Moodley so na South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU), Food and Canning Workers Union, African National Congress (ANC), Federation of South African Women, na otu onye hiwere South African Coloured People's Congress (SACPO) &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/mary-moodley|title=Mary Moodley|date=26 March 2012|work=South African History Online|accessdate=7 September 2016}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/mary-moodley &quot;Mary Moodley&quot;]. ''South African History Online''. 26 March 2012&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 September&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Food and Canning Workers Union na 1950s na East Rand . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2016-08-25-60-iconic-women-the-people-behind-the-1956-womens-march-to-pretoria-41-50/|title=60 Iconic Women — The people behind the 1956 Women's March to Pretoria (41-50)|date=25 August 2016|work=Mail &amp; Guardian|accessdate=8 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1963, a machibidoro ya iwu n'okpuru iwu nke Iwu Mmachibido Iwu Kọmunist . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgzGqNhLY1UC&amp;q=%22south+african+coloured+people%27s+congress%22+moodley&amp;pg=PA35|title=Women Marching Into the 21st Century: Wathint' abafazi, wathint' imbokodo|author=Human Sciences Research Council|publisher=HSRC Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0796919663|pages=33–34}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi mmachibido iwu ya, a naghị ekwe ka ọ sonyere n'òtù ndị ọrụ ma ọ bụ gaa nzukọ, a kpọchiri ya naanị n'ógbè ndị ọkaikpe ya dị na Benoni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://v1.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/organisations/SACTU/09_women-play-role.htm#mabel|title=Organize... or Starve! - The History of the SACTU|author=Luckhardt|work=South African Congress of Trade Unions|publisher=South African History Online|accessdate=7 September 2016|archivedate=22 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822091136/http://v1.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/organisations/SACTU/09_women-play-role.htm#mabel}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLuckhardtWall&quot;&gt;Luckhardt; Wall. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160822091136/http://v1.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/organisations/SACTU/09_women-play-role.htm#mabel &quot;Organize... or Starve! - The History of the SACTU&quot;]. ''South African Congress of Trade Unions''. South African History Online. Archived from [http://v1.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/organisations/SACTU/09_women-play-role.htm#mabel the original] on 22 August 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 September&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1964, e jidere ya n'okpuru Iwu Ụbọchị 90.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.sff.document.nuun1969_13_final.pdf|title=Opponents to Apartheid Subjected to Banning Orders in South Africa|author=United Nations Centre Against Apartheid|publisher=United Nation|year=1969|pages=30|accessdate=7 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nọwo na-enyere ndị ghọrọ ndị na-agba ọsọ aka ịhapụ South Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/mary-moodley|title=Mary Moodley|date=26 March 2012|work=South African History Online|accessdate=7 September 2016}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/mary-moodley &quot;Mary Moodley&quot;]. ''South African History Online''. 26 March 2012&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 September&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A na-emezigharị mmachibido iwu ya, nke ga-adịru afọ ise ma iji gaa ụlọ ọgwụ, ọ ghaghị ịrịọ ikike n'aka ndị ọchịchị mpaghara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ọ nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1979. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ndị nọ n'okpuru iwu machibidoro iwu n'okpuru ịkpa ókè agbụrụ

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Betty Makoni</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1327237916|Betty Makoni]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Hazviperi''' '''Betty Makoni''' bụ onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị Zimbabwe nke hiwere Girl Child Network na 1999, otu ọrụ ebere nke na-akwado ndị ntorobịa Zimbabwe na-emegbu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/LIVING/06/04/cnnheroes.betty.makoni/index.html|title=Child rape survivor saves 'virgin myth' victims|accessdate=2009-12-27|work=CNN|date=2009-10-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=The Truth About: Betty Makoni|url=http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-1148-The+Truth+About+Betty+Makoni/news.aspx|accessdate=15 August 2014|publisher=New Zimbabwe|date=13 October 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Netwọk ahụ agbasaala na US, Europe, na mba dị iche iche n'Africa.

O nwetara akara ugo mmụta abụọ na Mahadum Zimbabwe, a na-enyekwa ya ọtụtụ ihe nrite mba na mba ụwa. A na-eme ya mgbe ọ bụ nwata ma na-emegbu ya n'ụzọ mmekọahụ., &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thewip.net/contributors/2007/10/zimbabwean_child_rights_activi.html|title=Child Rights Activist Betty Makoni &quot;Lights Up the Dark&quot; for Abused and Disadvantaged Young Girls|accessdate=2010-01-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118151507/http://www.thewip.net/contributors/2007/10/zimbabwean_child_rights_activi.html|archivedate=2009-11-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Makoni bụ isi isiokwu na ihe nkiri, Tapestries of Hope .

== Oge ọ malitere ==
Ndụ Makoni malitere &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Betty Makoni - World's Children's Prize|url=https://worldschildrensprize.org/betty-makoni|accessdate=2025-11-12|work=worldschildrensprize.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; na St Mary's dị na mpaghara Chitungwiza dara ogbenye, Zimbabwe. O ji ọtụtụ afọ ndụ ya na-ekiri ka nna ya na-eti nne ya ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ abalị niile, ibufe nne na nna ya abụọ ga-etikwa ya na ụmụnne ya ise ihe. A manyere Makoni mgbe ọ dị obere ịchọ ọrụ ma kwado ụmụnne ya ise ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ isii, na njedebe ikpeazụ nke ụbọchị ọrụ ya, Makoni banyere n'ụlọ ahịa ahụ ya na ndị enyi ya wee kpọchie ya n'ime ụlọ ahịa ahụ. Onye na-ere ahịa ahụ gara n'ihu n'ike ya na ndị enyi ya niile, na-ekwere na idina ụmụ agbọghọ n'ike ga-eweta ihu ọma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Interview with Muzvare Betty Makoni|url=https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/about-us/our-alumni/for-alumni/alumni-news/muzvare-betty-makoni-interview|accessdate=2025-11-12|work=www.royalholloway.ac.uk|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, nne ya nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ime ihe ike n'ụlọ, n'aka nna ya, mgbe ọ dị ime na n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe e zigara ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi nke a ma ama maka iti ụmụaka ihe.

== Ọrụ ==
N'afọ 2000 ọ malitere ịmepụta Girl Child Network, na-enwe olileanya ịkwado ikike ụmụ agbọghọ ma wulite ike n'etiti ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=The Truth About: Betty Makoni|url=http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-1148-The+Truth+About+Betty+Makoni/news.aspx|accessdate=15 August 2014|publisher=New Zimbabwe|date=13 October 2009}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160513075540/http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-1148-The+Truth+About+Betty+Makoni/news.aspx &quot;The Truth About: Betty Makoni&quot;]. New Zimbabwe. 13 October 2009. Archived from [http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-1148-The+Truth+About+Betty+Makoni/news.aspx the original] on 13 May 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 August&lt;/span&gt; 2014&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụrụ na nwa agbọghọ chọrọ nkwado n'ihi na e dinara ya n'ike, manye ya ịhapụ ụlọ akwụkwọ, ọ chọrọ ego iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka nri, uwe, ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla nwa agbọghọ chọrọ, Betty nọ ebe ahụ. N'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Girl Child Network, Betty enweela ike ịkwado ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụmụ agbọghọ 40,00 n'ofe ọrụ ya, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara mba ahụ emeela ihe nlereanya nke Girl Child Network.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The Girl Child Network na-aga n'ihu na-agbasa n'ụwa niile,  na USA, Europe na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Africa iji kwado ụmụ agbọghọ n'ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=van Reisen|first=M.E.H.|url=https://repository.tilburguniversity.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/0d742742-9c56-4ebe-94eb-b49adbef88ab/content|title=Zimbabwe: Women's Voices|publisher=EEPA|year=2010|series=Report of the European Parliamentary Hearing|location=Brussels|accessdate=18 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na ọganihu ya, ọrụ Betty Makoni dịkwa, ebe ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka Chief Executive Officer nke Girl Child Network Worldwide.

== Obodo nta ndị nwere ikike (&quot;ụlọ ndị dị nchebe&quot;) ==
Ka ọrụ ya na-eto, Makoni gbasaa Girl Child Network ka ọ bụrụ usoro mba niile nke gụnyere &quot;obodo nta ndị na-enye ike&quot;, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-11-01|title=Zimbabwe Gender Activist Fights to Protect Victims of Violence against Women and Girls|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2008-04-29-voa8/401755.html|accessdate=2025-11-22|work=Voice of America|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ụlọ nchekwa e mere maka ụmụ agbọghọ na-agba ọsọ mmetọ mmekọahụ na ime ihe ike n'ụlọ. [https://www.ashoka.org/en-us/fellow/betty-makoni Ụlọ ọrụ GCN] dị ka ndị a na-enye ebe mgbaba mberede, ntụziaka ahụike, ndụmọdụ uche, enyemaka iwu, na nkwado maka ndị lanarịrị. Obodo nta ndị a na-enye ike na-abụkwa ihe owuwu maka ụmụ agbọghọ iji nweta ntụziaka, agụmakwụkwọ nkà ndụ, mmepe idu ndú, na nkwado agụmakwụkwọ. Dị ka akụkọ akụkọ si kwuo, ọtụtụ puku ụmụ agbọghọ ndị a na-agafe n'ụlọ ndị dị nchebe, ọtụtụ narị n'ime ha na-alaghachi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ na-amalite ndụ ọhụrụ, nke onwe ya na ọrụ na-esote mmezigharị a.

== Ndị a nabatara ==

* N'afọ 2003, Women's World Summit Foundation nyere Makoni ihe nrite maka Women's Creativity in Rural Life . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Pradervand|first=Elly|title=Series on Women Changing the World: Betty Makoni, Zimbabwe|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/elly-pradervand/women-changing-the-world_b_1459341.html|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=15 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 2007, Makoni meriri World's Children's Prize for the Rights of the Child . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://worldschildrensprize.org/betty-makoni|title=Betty Makoni|author=|year=2010|publisher=World's Children's Prize|accessdate=20 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 2008, Amnesty International nyere ya Ginetta Sagan Award maka ọrụ ya na GCN.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/about-us/grants-and-awards/ginetta-sagan-fund/ginetta-sagan-award-winners|title=Ginetta Sagan Award Winners|author=|year=2011|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|accessdate=20 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 2009, Makoni natara onyinye CNN Heroes  maka ichebe ndị na-enweghị ike&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CNN Heroes - Special Reports from CNN.com|url=https://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cnn.heroes/archive09/betty.makoni.html|accessdate=2025-11-19|work=www.cnn.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* A kpọrọ ya Global Decades Child Rights Hero n'akụkụ ndị ama ama dị ka Nelson Mandela na Graca Michel &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Introducing myself and my journal: We are born victorious and not victims|url=https://www.worldpulse.org/story/introducing-myself-and-my-journal-we-are-born-victorious-and-not-victims-379|accessdate=2025-11-19|work=World Pulse|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 2006, Makoni na The Girl Child Network natara ihe nrite Red Ribbon nke United Nations na-achọsi ike  maka idozi enweghị nhata nwoke na nwanyị nke na-akwalite ọrịa HIV / AIDS&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2006-08-17|title=UN-organized 'Red Ribbons' awarded for local AIDS initiatives {{!}} UN News|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2006/08/189292|accessdate=2025-11-19|work=news.un.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* A kpọrọ Betty Makoni aha n'etiti [[Hillary Clinton]] na ọtụtụ ndị isi ụwa dị ka ụmụ nwanyị 150 na-ama jijiji ụwa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-03-05|title=150 Women Who Shake the World|url=https://www.newsweek.com/150-women-who-shake-world-66131|accessdate=2025-11-19|work=Newsweek|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onyinye ụmụ nwanyị na ihe nkiri na telivishọn - Los Angeles -USA &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Q&amp;A: Catching up with the top 10 CNN Heroes - CNN.com|url=https://www.cnn.com/2009/LIVING/12/25/top.10.heroes.qa/index.html|accessdate=2025-11-19|work=www.cnn.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Giraffe Heroes Project Award 2009 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Zimbabwe|url=https://www.giraffe.org/global/zimbabwe|accessdate=2025-11-19|work=www.giraffe.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Makoni hapụrụ Zimbabwe n'afọ 2008, mgbe ọ natara ọtụtụ egwu ọnwụ metụtara ọrụ ya na-agbachitere ụmụ agbọghọ site na mmetọ mmekọahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Part Two of our Interview with Betty Makoni of Girl Child Network – The Pixel Project|url=https://www.thepixelproject.net/2010/11/20/part-two-of-our-interview-with-betty-makoni-of-girl-child-network/|accessdate=2025-11-26|work=www.thepixelproject.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ajụjụ ọnụ, ọ kọwara na ọtụtụ n'ime nkwado ya emeela ka o mepụta ndị iro dị ike, gụnyere ndị nwere mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nakwa na ọ ghọrọ isiokwu nke ebubo nkwutọ maka omume ọjọọ ego.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-10-13|title=Betty Makoni {{!}} Activist and Humanatarian {{!}} The Legacy Project|url=https://thelegacyproject.co.za/betty-makoni-activist-humanatarian/|accessdate=2025-12-05|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka oge na-aga, na nyocha onwe onye nke KPMG wepụrụ ya ebubo niile. N'oge a, ọ kọrọ na ọ na-enweta iyi egwu ọnwụ ugboro ugboro na ekwentị ma ndị ọrụ nzuzo Zimbabwe dọrọ ya aka ná ntị na ndụ ya nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, Makoni kpebiri ịgbaga South Africa tupu ya na ezinụlọ ya kwaga England  ebe ọ bi ugbu a ma na-aga n'ihu n'ọrụ ya na nchekwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The Truth About: Betty Makoni|url=http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-1148-The+Truth+About+Betty+Makoni/news.aspx|accessdate=15 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ lụrụ di ya Irvine Nyamapfene na ụmụ atọ ugbu a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Betty Makoni shines in Hollywood, another award|url=http://www.zimdiaspora.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=2324:betty-makoni-shines-in-hollywood-another-award&amp;catid=38:travel-tips&amp;Itemid=18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107014421/http://www.zimdiaspora.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=2324:betty-makoni-shines-in-hollywood-another-award&amp;catid=38:travel-tips&amp;Itemid=18|archivedate=2016-11-07|accessdate=2009-12-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Akụkọ ifo na-eme ka nwa agbọghọ dị ọcha

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://girlchildnetwork.org/ Network Girl Child]
{{Ginetta Sagan Fund Award winners}}
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'''Hazviperi''' '''Betty Makoni''' bụ onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị Zimbabwe nke hiwere Girl Child Network na 1999, otu ọrụ ebere nke na-akwado ndị ntorobịa Zimbabwe na-emegbu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/LIVING/06/04/cnnheroes.betty.makoni/index.html|title=Child rape survivor saves 'virgin myth' victims|accessdate=2009-12-27|work=CNN|date=2009-10-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Netwọk ahụ agbasaala na US, Europe, na mba dị iche iche n'Africa.

O nwetara akara ugo mmụta abụọ na Mahadum Zimbabwe, a na-enyekwa ya ọtụtụ ihe nrite mba na mba ụwa. A na-eme ya mgbe ọ bụ nwata ma na-emegbu ya n'ụzọ mmekọahụ., &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thewip.net/contributors/2007/10/zimbabwean_child_rights_activi.html|title=Child Rights Activist Betty Makoni &quot;Lights Up the Dark&quot; for Abused and Disadvantaged Young Girls|accessdate=2010-01-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118151507/http://www.thewip.net/contributors/2007/10/zimbabwean_child_rights_activi.html|archivedate=2009-11-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Makoni bụ isi isiokwu na ihe nkiri, Tapestries of Hope .

== Oge ọ malitere ==
Ndụ Makoni malitere &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Betty Makoni - World's Children's Prize|url=https://worldschildrensprize.org/betty-makoni|accessdate=2025-11-12|work=worldschildrensprize.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; na St Mary's dị na mpaghara Chitungwiza dara ogbenye, Zimbabwe. O ji ọtụtụ afọ ndụ ya na-ekiri ka nna ya na-eti nne ya ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ abalị niile, ibufe nne na nna ya abụọ ga-etikwa ya na ụmụnne ya ise ihe. A manyere Makoni mgbe ọ dị obere ịchọ ọrụ ma kwado ụmụnne ya ise ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ isii, na njedebe ikpeazụ nke ụbọchị ọrụ ya, Makoni banyere n'ụlọ ahịa ahụ ya na ndị enyi ya wee kpọchie ya n'ime ụlọ ahịa ahụ. Onye na-ere ahịa ahụ gara n'ihu n'ike ya na ndị enyi ya niile, na-ekwere na idina ụmụ agbọghọ n'ike ga-eweta ihu ọma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Interview with Muzvare Betty Makoni|url=https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/about-us/our-alumni/for-alumni/alumni-news/muzvare-betty-makoni-interview|accessdate=2025-11-12|work=www.royalholloway.ac.uk|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, nne ya nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ime ihe ike n'ụlọ, n'aka nna ya, mgbe ọ dị ime na n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe e zigara ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi nke a ma ama maka iti ụmụaka ihe.

== Ọrụ ==
N'afọ 2000 ọ malitere ịmepụta Girl Child Network, na-enwe olileanya ịkwado ikike ụmụ agbọghọ ma wulite ike n'etiti ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=The Truth About: Betty Makoni|url=http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-1148-The+Truth+About+Betty+Makoni/news.aspx|accessdate=15 August 2014|publisher=New Zimbabwe|date=13 October 2009}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160513075540/http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-1148-The+Truth+About+Betty+Makoni/news.aspx &quot;The Truth About: Betty Makoni&quot;]. New Zimbabwe. 13 October 2009. Archived from [http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-1148-The+Truth+About+Betty+Makoni/news.aspx the original] on 13 May 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 August&lt;/span&gt; 2014&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụrụ na nwa agbọghọ chọrọ nkwado n'ihi na e dinara ya n'ike, manye ya ịhapụ ụlọ akwụkwọ, ọ chọrọ ego iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka nri, uwe, ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla nwa agbọghọ chọrọ, Betty nọ ebe ahụ. N'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Girl Child Network, Betty enweela ike ịkwado ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụmụ agbọghọ 40,00 n'ofe ọrụ ya, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara mba ahụ emeela ihe nlereanya nke Girl Child Network.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The Girl Child Network na-aga n'ihu na-agbasa n'ụwa niile,  na USA, Europe na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Africa iji kwado ụmụ agbọghọ n'ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=van Reisen|first=M.E.H.|url=https://repository.tilburguniversity.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/0d742742-9c56-4ebe-94eb-b49adbef88ab/content|title=Zimbabwe: Women's Voices|publisher=EEPA|year=2010|series=Report of the European Parliamentary Hearing|location=Brussels|accessdate=18 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na ọganihu ya, ọrụ Betty Makoni dịkwa, ebe ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka Chief Executive Officer nke Girl Child Network Worldwide.

== Obodo nta ndị nwere ikike (&quot;ụlọ ndị dị nchebe&quot;) ==
Ka ọrụ ya na-eto, Makoni gbasaa Girl Child Network ka ọ bụrụ usoro mba niile nke gụnyere &quot;obodo nta ndị na-enye ike&quot;, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-11-01|title=Zimbabwe Gender Activist Fights to Protect Victims of Violence against Women and Girls|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2008-04-29-voa8/401755.html|accessdate=2025-11-22|work=Voice of America|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ụlọ nchekwa e mere maka ụmụ agbọghọ na-agba ọsọ mmetọ mmekọahụ na ime ihe ike n'ụlọ. [https://www.ashoka.org/en-us/fellow/betty-makoni Ụlọ ọrụ GCN] dị ka ndị a na-enye ebe mgbaba mberede, ntụziaka ahụike, ndụmọdụ uche, enyemaka iwu, na nkwado maka ndị lanarịrị. Obodo nta ndị a na-enye ike na-abụkwa ihe owuwu maka ụmụ agbọghọ iji nweta ntụziaka, agụmakwụkwọ nkà ndụ, mmepe idu ndú, na nkwado agụmakwụkwọ. Dị ka akụkọ akụkọ si kwuo, ọtụtụ puku ụmụ agbọghọ ndị a na-agafe n'ụlọ ndị dị nchebe, ọtụtụ narị n'ime ha na-alaghachi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ na-amalite ndụ ọhụrụ, nke onwe ya na ọrụ na-esote mmezigharị a.

== Ndị a nabatara ==

* N'afọ 2003, Women's World Summit Foundation nyere Makoni ihe nrite maka Women's Creativity in Rural Life . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Pradervand|first=Elly|title=Series on Women Changing the World: Betty Makoni, Zimbabwe|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/elly-pradervand/women-changing-the-world_b_1459341.html|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=15 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 2007, Makoni meriri World's Children's Prize for the Rights of the Child . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://worldschildrensprize.org/betty-makoni|title=Betty Makoni|author=|year=2010|publisher=World's Children's Prize|accessdate=20 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 2008, Amnesty International nyere ya Ginetta Sagan Award maka ọrụ ya na GCN.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/about-us/grants-and-awards/ginetta-sagan-fund/ginetta-sagan-award-winners|title=Ginetta Sagan Award Winners|author=|year=2011|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|accessdate=20 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 2009, Makoni natara onyinye CNN Heroes  maka ichebe ndị na-enweghị ike&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CNN Heroes - Special Reports from CNN.com|url=https://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cnn.heroes/archive09/betty.makoni.html|accessdate=2025-11-19|work=www.cnn.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* A kpọrọ ya Global Decades Child Rights Hero n'akụkụ ndị ama ama dị ka Nelson Mandela na Graca Michel &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Introducing myself and my journal: We are born victorious and not victims|url=https://www.worldpulse.org/story/introducing-myself-and-my-journal-we-are-born-victorious-and-not-victims-379|accessdate=2025-11-19|work=World Pulse|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 2006, Makoni na The Girl Child Network natara ihe nrite Red Ribbon nke United Nations na-achọsi ike  maka idozi enweghị nhata nwoke na nwanyị nke na-akwalite ọrịa HIV / AIDS&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2006-08-17|title=UN-organized 'Red Ribbons' awarded for local AIDS initiatives {{!}} UN News|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2006/08/189292|accessdate=2025-11-19|work=news.un.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* A kpọrọ Betty Makoni aha n'etiti [[Hillary Clinton]] na ọtụtụ ndị isi ụwa dị ka ụmụ nwanyị 150 na-ama jijiji ụwa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-03-05|title=150 Women Who Shake the World|url=https://www.newsweek.com/150-women-who-shake-world-66131|accessdate=2025-11-19|work=Newsweek|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onyinye ụmụ nwanyị na ihe nkiri na telivishọn - Los Angeles -USA &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Q&amp;A: Catching up with the top 10 CNN Heroes - CNN.com|url=https://www.cnn.com/2009/LIVING/12/25/top.10.heroes.qa/index.html|accessdate=2025-11-19|work=www.cnn.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Giraffe Heroes Project Award 2009 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Zimbabwe|url=https://www.giraffe.org/global/zimbabwe|accessdate=2025-11-19|work=www.giraffe.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Makoni hapụrụ Zimbabwe n'afọ 2008, mgbe ọ natara ọtụtụ egwu ọnwụ metụtara ọrụ ya na-agbachitere ụmụ agbọghọ site na mmetọ mmekọahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Part Two of our Interview with Betty Makoni of Girl Child Network – The Pixel Project|url=https://www.thepixelproject.net/2010/11/20/part-two-of-our-interview-with-betty-makoni-of-girl-child-network/|accessdate=2025-11-26|work=www.thepixelproject.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ajụjụ ọnụ, ọ kọwara na ọtụtụ n'ime nkwado ya emeela ka o mepụta ndị iro dị ike, gụnyere ndị nwere mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nakwa na ọ ghọrọ isiokwu nke ebubo nkwutọ maka omume ọjọọ ego.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-10-13|title=Betty Makoni {{!}} Activist and Humanatarian {{!}} The Legacy Project|url=https://thelegacyproject.co.za/betty-makoni-activist-humanatarian/|accessdate=2025-12-05|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka oge na-aga, na nyocha onwe onye nke KPMG wepụrụ ya ebubo niile. N'oge a, ọ kọrọ na ọ na-enweta iyi egwu ọnwụ ugboro ugboro na ekwentị ma ndị ọrụ nzuzo Zimbabwe dọrọ ya aka ná ntị na ndụ ya nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, Makoni kpebiri ịgbaga South Africa tupu ya na ezinụlọ ya kwaga England  ebe ọ bi ugbu a ma na-aga n'ihu n'ọrụ ya na nchekwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The Truth About: Betty Makoni|url=http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-1148-The+Truth+About+Betty+Makoni/news.aspx|accessdate=15 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ lụrụ di ya Irvine Nyamapfene na ụmụ atọ ugbu a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Betty Makoni shines in Hollywood, another award|url=http://www.zimdiaspora.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=2324:betty-makoni-shines-in-hollywood-another-award&amp;catid=38:travel-tips&amp;Itemid=18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107014421/http://www.zimdiaspora.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=2324:betty-makoni-shines-in-hollywood-another-award&amp;catid=38:travel-tips&amp;Itemid=18|archivedate=2016-11-07|accessdate=2009-12-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Akụkọ ifo na-eme ka nwa agbọghọ dị ọcha

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://girlchildnetwork.org/ Network Girl Child]
{{Ginetta Sagan Fund Award winners}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349006064|Lucy Muyoyeta]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Lucy Mutumba Muyoyeta''' bụ onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Zambia, onye ndụmọdụ mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na onye edemede. Ọ rụọla ọrụ na òtù dị iche iche nke Zambia dịka Women for Change, Opportunity Zambia na Kọmitii Nhazi Ndị Na-abụghị Gọọmentị, yana maka òtù mba ụwa dịka Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa, Oxfam, Action Aid International na Comic Relief.

== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
Muoyeta bụ onye Zambia na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị na onye ndụmọdụ mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ọ na-asụ ọtụtụ asụsụ ma na-asụ Lozi, Tonga, Tumbuka na Bekee..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lucy Mutumba M.|url=https://www.developmentaid.org/experts/view/207324/lucy-m|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=DevelopmentAid|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere nzere bachelọ na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na gọọmentị site na Mahadum Zambia na nzere masta na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'ime ime obodo site na Machịum Reading na England.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lucy Muyoyeta - Project Lead at Comic Relief|url=https://theorg.com/org/comic-relief-limited/org-chart/lucy-muyoyeta|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=THE ORG|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ na Ọzụzụ agụmakwụkwọ ==
Lucy Muyoyeta nwetara nzere Bachelor of Arts na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na gọọmentị na Mahadum Zambia . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=|url=https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Lucy_Muyoyeta}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara gụchaa nzere Master of Science na mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ime obodo na Mahadum Reading dị na mba United Kingdom, na-elekwasị anya n'ihe gbasara mmepe na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=|url=https://www.developmenteducation.ie/media/documents/women_gender_dev.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebe ndị a na-enweta akụkọ ndụ anaghị edepụta nzere agụmakwụkwọ ma ọ bụ asambodo ọ bụla.

== Ọrụ ==
Site na 1994 ruo 1998, Muoyeta rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya Oxfam na Zambia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Banda|first=Gabriel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W_AzAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Lucy+Muyoyeta|title=Adjusting to Adjustment in Zambia: Women's and Young Peoples's Responses to a Changing Economy|date=1991|publisher=[[Oxfam]]|isbn=978-0-85598-179-2|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ọrụ a, ọ gara nzukọ nke International Monetary Fund iji nyefee akwụkwọ ozi 1,500 na Kenneth Clarke MP, onye bụbu chancellor nke British, ma kpọọ maka enyemaka ụgwọ maka mba Afrịka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dalton|first=Dave|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ngnmtLzW9IMC&amp;dq=Lucy+Muyoyeta&amp;pg=PA13|title=Rights Now!: World Poverty and the Oxfam Campaign|date=1995|publisher=[[Oxfam]]|isbn=978-0-85598-338-3|pages=13|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Muoyeta rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa na Open Society Initiative maka Southern Africa site na 1999 ruo 2004. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lucy Muyoyeta - Project Lead at Comic Relief|url=https://theorg.com/org/comic-relief-limited/org-chart/lucy-muyoyeta|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=THE ORG|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://theorg.com/org/comic-relief-limited/org-chart/lucy-muyoyeta &quot;Lucy Muyoyeta - Project Lead at Comic Relief&quot;]. ''THE ORG''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 March&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onyeisi oche nke Women for Change na Zambia  na bọọdụ nke Non-Governmental Coordinating Committee. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Larmer|first=Miles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ptzsCwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Lucy+Muyoyeta&amp;pg=PT245|title=Rethinking African Politics: A History of Opposition in Zambia|date=2016-04-08|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-317-06441-1|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Minnie|first=Jeanette|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ySUWAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Lucy+Muyoyeta|title=Outside the Ballot Box: Preconditions for Elections in Southern Africa, 2005/6|date=2006|publisher=[[Media Institute of Southern Africa]]|isbn=978-9916-621-38-7|pages=182|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka ọnụ na-ekwuchitere Oasis Forum  na Women's Development Network . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Phiri|first=Brighton|date=5 November 2003|title=Zambia: Inquiries Act Amendment Bill Doesn't Address People's Concerns - Muyoyeta|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200311050830.html|accessdate=23 March 2025|work=[[The Post (Zambia)|The Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hurlich|first=Susan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YAy9XvLgqXQC&amp;q=Lucy+Muyoyeta|title=Women in Zambia|date=1986|publisher=The Agency|pages=351|language=en|accessdate=29 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe mwakpo nke afọ 2003 wakporo Iraq gasịrị, Muoyeta katọrọ mkpebi nke mba Amerịka na mba Briten mere iji mee ihe agha megide Iraq n'enweghị ikike nke mba United Nations..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Phiri|first=Brighton|date=19 March 2003|title=Zambia: US, UK Setting Dangerous Precedence - Muyoyeta|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200303190129.html|accessdate=23 March 2025|work=[[The Post (Zambia)|The Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ ahụ, ọ katọkwara ihe onye isi ala Zambia nke oge ahụ bụ Levy Mwanawasa kwuru na àgwà ụmụ nwanyị na-egbochi ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Phiri|first=Brighton|date=27 March 2003|title=Zambia: Levy is Missing the Point - Muyoyeta|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200303270470.html|accessdate=23 March 2025|work=[[The Post (Zambia)|The Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2006, Muoyeta katọrọ otu ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ọkwa mkpebi si dị ala na Zambia, yana otu esi emezu ma United Nations Millennium Development Goals na Zambia gender and development declarations targets.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Phiri|first=Brighton|date=10 May 2006|title=Southern Africa: Zambia Has Missed SADC Gender Mark - Muyoyeta|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200605100247.html|accessdate=23 March 2025|work=[[The Post (Zambia)|The Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; O kwukwara banyere mkpa ọ dị imeziwanye ngalaba mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Zambia, iji kwado mbelata na-aga n'ihu na ịda ogbenye n'akụkụ uto akụ na ụba nke mba ahụ  ma gbaa ndị nta akụkọ mpaghara ume ịlụ ọgụ megide nchụpụ ụmụ nwanyị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Chakwe|first=Masuzyo|date=18 January 2006|title=Zambia: Much More Needs to Be Done to Social Sectors - Muyoyeta|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200601180155.html|accessdate=23 March 2025|work=[[The Post (Zambia)|The Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Noyoo|first=Inonge|date=3 February 2006|title=Zambia: Fight for Women's Rights, Muyoyeta Urges Journalists|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200602030586.html|accessdate=23 March 2025|work=[[The Post (Zambia)|The Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Site na 2006 ruo 2010 Muoyeta bụ onye nduzi mba na Action Aid International . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lucy Muyoyeta - Project Lead at Comic Relief|url=https://theorg.com/org/comic-relief-limited/org-chart/lucy-muyoyeta|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=THE ORG|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://theorg.com/org/comic-relief-limited/org-chart/lucy-muyoyeta &quot;Lucy Muyoyeta - Project Lead at Comic Relief&quot;]. ''THE ORG''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 March&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 2012 ruo 2016, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi ọrụ na Norwegian Disability Consortium / Opportunity Zambia . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Kemgbe afọ 2022, Muoyeta arụwo ọrụ dị ka onye isi ọrụ na Comic Relief . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lucy Muyoyeta - Project Lead at Comic Relief|url=https://theorg.com/org/comic-relief-limited/org-chart/lucy-muyoyeta|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=THE ORG|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://theorg.com/org/comic-relief-limited/org-chart/lucy-muyoyeta &quot;Lucy Muyoyeta - Project Lead at Comic Relief&quot;]. ''THE ORG''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 March&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ na Onyinye ọgụgụ isi ==
Muyoyeta bipụtara akwụkwọ nta dị peeji 28 Women, Gender and Development (2004, 80:20 Educating and Acting for a Better World), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Muyoyeta|first=Lucy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fj-LAAAACAAJ|title=Women, Gender and Development|date=2004|publisher=80:20 Educating and Acting for a Better World|isbn=978-0-9535136-7-3|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke depụtara echiche na nkwekọrịta mba ụwa ruru ụmụ nwanyị na mmepe ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Welfare Citizenship and Intersectional Feminism, 1940-2000 - A Leverhulme Trust-funded project|url=https://wcif.blogs.bristol.ac.uk/2024/04/19/nothing-without-a-woman-or-a-girl-emerging-perspectives-on-the-status-of-women-1975-1980/|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=[[University of Bristol]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ kọwakwara ihe ịma aka ndị inyom Zambia na-eche ihu na usoro iwu abụọ ọdịnala, nke dịgasị iche site n'otu Agbụrụ gaa n'otu aghara ma n'ozuzu ya na-enye ohere ịlụ karịa otu nwanyị ma na-eme ka echiche ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ndị na-eto eto na iwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada|date=13 April 2005|title=Zambia: Forced marriages, particularly within the Bemba ethnic group, and availability of state protection; existence, among the Bemba people, of the practices called &quot;Ichisungu&quot; and &quot;Ndembo&quot; prior to such a marriage, and if so, information on how those practices are conducted, including the persons who conduct them (April 2005)|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/42df61cb2.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230915174245/https://www.refworld.org/docid/42df61cb2.html|archivedate=15 September 2023|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=[[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|The United Nations Refugee Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrụ ahụ na-adabere na data Zambia na-egosi na ụmụ nwanyị mejupụtara 51% nke ndị bi na ya mana ha na-eche oke ịda ogbenye ihu (72.6% na-ebi na ihe na-erughị $ 1 kwa ụbọchị na 2001), ọrụ dị ala (12% ma e jiri ya tụnyere 88% maka ụmụ nwoke), na [[Oru ugbo|ọrụ ugbo]] a na-akwụghị ụgwọ (70% na obere ugbo), yana ọdịiche ahụike dị elu (58% nke ọrịa HIV / AIDS n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị dị afọ 15-49 na mpaghara Sahara Africa), ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke ụmụ nwanyị ndebanye aha mahadum (20%), na ime ihe ike metụtara okike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Women, Gender and Development|url=https://www.developmenteducation.ie/media/documents/women_gender_dev.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime onyinye ya na 1999 na Gender Works: Oxfam Experience in Policy and Practice, nke akpọrọ &quot;ahụmahụ nke Beijing site n'echiche [[Zambia]],&quot; Muyoyeta na-akatọ mmemme mgbanwe nhazi maka ịbawanye ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-akwụghị ụgwọ site na mbelata ọrụ na Zambia, na-akwado itinye echiche gbasara nwoke na nwanyị na atụmatụ akụ na ụba, ma na-atụ aro netwọk nchekwa ọha na eze, ụgwọ na ohere ala maka ụmụ nwanyị, na lobbying NGO iji kwalite usoro ziri ezi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gender Works|url=https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/10546/122789/23/bk-gender-works-oxfam-experience-contents-010199-en.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Isiokwu na Nleba anya'''

Ihe odide Muyoyeta na-elekwasị anya n'otú enweghị nhata nke nhazi si eme ka ọghọm ụmụ nwanyị na ịnweta ihe onwunwe, ime mkpebi, na itinye aka na akụ na ụba ka njọ, na-agafe ntinye aka na-elekọta ọdịmma na atụmatụ inye ike nke na-akwalite ịdabere na onwe na mgbanwe iwu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Women, Gender and Development|url=https://www.developmenteducation.ie/media/documents/women_gender_dev.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isiokwu a na-ekwughachi ugboro ugboro bụ nkatọ ya banyere iwu omenala na iwu na [[Zambia]] na [[Afrịka]] nwe ya-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti nwoke na nwanyị - gụnyere ihe mgbochi maka nwe ala, ihe nketa, na nnọchiteanya ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị - yana ibu arọ na-enweghị atụ nke ọrụ a na-akwụghị ụgwọ (70% nke obere ọrụ ugbo na [[Zambia]]) na mmetụta nwoke na nwanyị nke HIV / AIDS (58% nke ọrịa ndịda Sahara n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị dị afọ 15-49). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Women, Gender and Development|url=https://www.developmenteducation.ie/media/documents/women_gender_dev.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ụzọ doro anya, Muyoyeta na-eji ihe ngosi ọnụọgụgụ eme ihe site na akụkọ UNDP, na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti Ndekọ Mmepe Mmadụ nke Zambia (0.378 na 1995) na Ndekọ Mmepe nke metụtara Okike (0.372) na Ndekọ Ike Okike (0.236), ma na-eji data SADC mpaghara akwado mgbanwe data site na enyemaka dabere na mkpa gaa na ụzọ ndị dabere na ikike nke na-agbanwe ike nhazi nke na-agbanwe ike nhazi..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Women, Gender and Development|url=https://www.developmenteducation.ie/media/documents/women_gender_dev.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
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'''Lucy Mutumba Muyoyeta''' bụ onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Zambia, onye ndụmọdụ mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na onye edemede. Ọ rụọla ọrụ na òtù dị iche iche nke Zambia dịka Women for Change, Opportunity Zambia na Kọmitii Nhazi Ndị Na-abụghị Gọọmentị, yana maka òtù mba ụwa dịka Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa, Oxfam, Action Aid International na Comic Relief.

== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
Muoyeta bụ onye Zambia na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị na onye ndụmọdụ mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ọ na-asụ ọtụtụ asụsụ ma na-asụ Lozi, Tonga, Tumbuka na Bekee..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lucy Mutumba M.|url=https://www.developmentaid.org/experts/view/207324/lucy-m|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=DevelopmentAid|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere nzere bachelọ na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na gọọmentị site na Mahadum Zambia na nzere masta na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'ime ime obodo site na Machịum Reading na England.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ na Ọzụzụ agụmakwụkwọ ==
Lucy Muyoyeta nwetara nzere Bachelor of Arts na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na gọọmentị na Mahadum Zambia . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=|url=https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Lucy_Muyoyeta}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara gụchaa nzere Master of Science na mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ime obodo na Mahadum Reading dị na mba United Kingdom, na-elekwasị anya n'ihe gbasara mmepe na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=|url=https://www.developmenteducation.ie/media/documents/women_gender_dev.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebe ndị a na-enweta akụkọ ndụ anaghị edepụta nzere agụmakwụkwọ ma ọ bụ asambodo ọ bụla.

== Ọrụ ==
Site na 1994 ruo 1998, Muoyeta rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya Oxfam na Zambia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Banda|first=Gabriel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W_AzAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Lucy+Muyoyeta|title=Adjusting to Adjustment in Zambia: Women's and Young Peoples's Responses to a Changing Economy|date=1991|publisher=[[Oxfam]]|isbn=978-0-85598-179-2|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ọrụ a, ọ gara nzukọ nke International Monetary Fund iji nyefee akwụkwọ ozi 1,500 na Kenneth Clarke MP, onye bụbu chancellor nke British, ma kpọọ maka enyemaka ụgwọ maka mba Afrịka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dalton|first=Dave|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ngnmtLzW9IMC&amp;dq=Lucy+Muyoyeta&amp;pg=PA13|title=Rights Now!: World Poverty and the Oxfam Campaign|date=1995|publisher=[[Oxfam]]|isbn=978-0-85598-338-3|pages=13|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Muoyeta rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa na Open Society Initiative maka Southern Africa site na 1999 ruo 2004. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lucy Muyoyeta - Project Lead at Comic Relief|url=https://theorg.com/org/comic-relief-limited/org-chart/lucy-muyoyeta|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=THE ORG|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://theorg.com/org/comic-relief-limited/org-chart/lucy-muyoyeta &quot;Lucy Muyoyeta - Project Lead at Comic Relief&quot;]. ''THE ORG''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 March&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onyeisi oche nke Women for Change na Zambia  na bọọdụ nke Non-Governmental Coordinating Committee. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Larmer|first=Miles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ptzsCwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Lucy+Muyoyeta&amp;pg=PT245|title=Rethinking African Politics: A History of Opposition in Zambia|date=2016-04-08|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-317-06441-1|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Minnie|first=Jeanette|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ySUWAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Lucy+Muyoyeta|title=Outside the Ballot Box: Preconditions for Elections in Southern Africa, 2005/6|date=2006|publisher=[[Media Institute of Southern Africa]]|isbn=978-9916-621-38-7|pages=182|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka ọnụ na-ekwuchitere Oasis Forum  na Women's Development Network . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Phiri|first=Brighton|date=5 November 2003|title=Zambia: Inquiries Act Amendment Bill Doesn't Address People's Concerns - Muyoyeta|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200311050830.html|accessdate=23 March 2025|work=[[The Post (Zambia)|The Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hurlich|first=Susan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YAy9XvLgqXQC&amp;q=Lucy+Muyoyeta|title=Women in Zambia|date=1986|publisher=The Agency|pages=351|language=en|accessdate=29 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe mwakpo nke afọ 2003 wakporo Iraq gasịrị, Muoyeta katọrọ mkpebi nke mba Amerịka na mba Briten mere iji mee ihe agha megide Iraq n'enweghị ikike nke mba United Nations..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Phiri|first=Brighton|date=19 March 2003|title=Zambia: US, UK Setting Dangerous Precedence - Muyoyeta|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200303190129.html|accessdate=23 March 2025|work=[[The Post (Zambia)|The Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ ahụ, ọ katọkwara ihe onye isi ala Zambia nke oge ahụ bụ Levy Mwanawasa kwuru na àgwà ụmụ nwanyị na-egbochi ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Phiri|first=Brighton|date=27 March 2003|title=Zambia: Levy is Missing the Point - Muyoyeta|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200303270470.html|accessdate=23 March 2025|work=[[The Post (Zambia)|The Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2006, Muoyeta katọrọ otu ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ọkwa mkpebi si dị ala na Zambia, yana otu esi emezu ma United Nations Millennium Development Goals na Zambia gender and development declarations targets.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Phiri|first=Brighton|date=10 May 2006|title=Southern Africa: Zambia Has Missed SADC Gender Mark - Muyoyeta|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200605100247.html|accessdate=23 March 2025|work=[[The Post (Zambia)|The Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; O kwukwara banyere mkpa ọ dị imeziwanye ngalaba mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Zambia, iji kwado mbelata na-aga n'ihu na ịda ogbenye n'akụkụ uto akụ na ụba nke mba ahụ  ma gbaa ndị nta akụkọ mpaghara ume ịlụ ọgụ megide nchụpụ ụmụ nwanyị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Chakwe|first=Masuzyo|date=18 January 2006|title=Zambia: Much More Needs to Be Done to Social Sectors - Muyoyeta|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200601180155.html|accessdate=23 March 2025|work=[[The Post (Zambia)|The Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Noyoo|first=Inonge|date=3 February 2006|title=Zambia: Fight for Women's Rights, Muyoyeta Urges Journalists|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200602030586.html|accessdate=23 March 2025|work=[[The Post (Zambia)|The Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Site na 2006 ruo 2010 Muoyeta bụ onye nduzi mba na Action Aid International . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lucy Muyoyeta - Project Lead at Comic Relief|url=https://theorg.com/org/comic-relief-limited/org-chart/lucy-muyoyeta|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=THE ORG|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://theorg.com/org/comic-relief-limited/org-chart/lucy-muyoyeta &quot;Lucy Muyoyeta - Project Lead at Comic Relief&quot;]. ''THE ORG''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 March&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 2012 ruo 2016, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi ọrụ na Norwegian Disability Consortium / Opportunity Zambia . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Kemgbe afọ 2022, Muoyeta arụwo ọrụ dị ka onye isi ọrụ na Comic Relief . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lucy Muyoyeta - Project Lead at Comic Relief|url=https://theorg.com/org/comic-relief-limited/org-chart/lucy-muyoyeta|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=THE ORG|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://theorg.com/org/comic-relief-limited/org-chart/lucy-muyoyeta &quot;Lucy Muyoyeta - Project Lead at Comic Relief&quot;]. ''THE ORG''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 March&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ na Onyinye ọgụgụ isi ==
Muyoyeta bipụtara akwụkwọ nta dị peeji 28 Women, Gender and Development (2004, 80:20 Educating and Acting for a Better World), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Muyoyeta|first=Lucy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fj-LAAAACAAJ|title=Women, Gender and Development|date=2004|publisher=80:20 Educating and Acting for a Better World|isbn=978-0-9535136-7-3|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke depụtara echiche na nkwekọrịta mba ụwa ruru ụmụ nwanyị na mmepe ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Welfare Citizenship and Intersectional Feminism, 1940-2000 - A Leverhulme Trust-funded project|url=https://wcif.blogs.bristol.ac.uk/2024/04/19/nothing-without-a-woman-or-a-girl-emerging-perspectives-on-the-status-of-women-1975-1980/|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=[[University of Bristol]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ kọwakwara ihe ịma aka ndị inyom Zambia na-eche ihu na usoro iwu abụọ ọdịnala, nke dịgasị iche site n'otu Agbụrụ gaa n'otu aghara ma n'ozuzu ya na-enye ohere ịlụ karịa otu nwanyị ma na-eme ka echiche ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ndị na-eto eto na iwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada|date=13 April 2005|title=Zambia: Forced marriages, particularly within the Bemba ethnic group, and availability of state protection; existence, among the Bemba people, of the practices called &quot;Ichisungu&quot; and &quot;Ndembo&quot; prior to such a marriage, and if so, information on how those practices are conducted, including the persons who conduct them (April 2005)|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/42df61cb2.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230915174245/https://www.refworld.org/docid/42df61cb2.html|archivedate=15 September 2023|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=[[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|The United Nations Refugee Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrụ ahụ na-adabere na data Zambia na-egosi na ụmụ nwanyị mejupụtara 51% nke ndị bi na ya mana ha na-eche oke ịda ogbenye ihu (72.6% na-ebi na ihe na-erughị $ 1 kwa ụbọchị na 2001), ọrụ dị ala (12% ma e jiri ya tụnyere 88% maka ụmụ nwoke), na [[Oru ugbo|ọrụ ugbo]] a na-akwụghị ụgwọ (70% na obere ugbo), yana ọdịiche ahụike dị elu (58% nke ọrịa HIV / AIDS n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị dị afọ 15-49 na mpaghara Sahara Africa), ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke ụmụ nwanyị ndebanye aha mahadum (20%), na ime ihe ike metụtara okike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Women, Gender and Development|url=https://www.developmenteducation.ie/media/documents/women_gender_dev.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime onyinye ya na 1999 na Gender Works: Oxfam Experience in Policy and Practice, nke akpọrọ &quot;ahụmahụ nke Beijing site n'echiche [[Zambia]],&quot; Muyoyeta na-akatọ mmemme mgbanwe nhazi maka ịbawanye ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-akwụghị ụgwọ site na mbelata ọrụ na Zambia, na-akwado itinye echiche gbasara nwoke na nwanyị na atụmatụ akụ na ụba, ma na-atụ aro netwọk nchekwa ọha na eze, ụgwọ na ohere ala maka ụmụ nwanyị, na lobbying NGO iji kwalite usoro ziri ezi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gender Works|url=https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/10546/122789/23/bk-gender-works-oxfam-experience-contents-010199-en.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Isiokwu na Nleba anya'''

Ihe odide Muyoyeta na-elekwasị anya n'otú enweghị nhata nke nhazi si eme ka ọghọm ụmụ nwanyị na ịnweta ihe onwunwe, ime mkpebi, na itinye aka na akụ na ụba ka njọ, na-agafe ntinye aka na-elekọta ọdịmma na atụmatụ inye ike nke na-akwalite ịdabere na onwe na mgbanwe iwu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Women, Gender and Development|url=https://www.developmenteducation.ie/media/documents/women_gender_dev.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isiokwu a na-ekwughachi ugboro ugboro bụ nkatọ ya banyere iwu omenala na iwu na [[Zambia]] na [[Afrịka]] nwe ya-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti nwoke na nwanyị - gụnyere ihe mgbochi maka nwe ala, ihe nketa, na nnọchiteanya ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị - yana ibu arọ na-enweghị atụ nke ọrụ a na-akwụghị ụgwọ (70% nke obere ọrụ ugbo na [[Zambia]]) na mmetụta nwoke na nwanyị nke HIV / AIDS (58% nke ọrịa ndịda Sahara n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị dị afọ 15-49). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Women, Gender and Development|url=https://www.developmenteducation.ie/media/documents/women_gender_dev.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ụzọ doro anya, Muyoyeta na-eji ihe ngosi ọnụọgụgụ eme ihe site na akụkọ UNDP, na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti Ndekọ Mmepe Mmadụ nke Zambia (0.378 na 1995) na Ndekọ Mmepe nke metụtara Okike (0.372) na Ndekọ Ike Okike (0.236), ma na-eji data SADC mpaghara akwado mgbanwe data site na enyemaka dabere na mkpa gaa na ụzọ ndị dabere na ikike nke na-agbanwe ike nhazi nke na-agbanwe ike nhazi..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Women, Gender and Development|url=https://www.developmenteducation.ie/media/documents/women_gender_dev.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348980882|Elizabeth Mpofu]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Elizabeth Mpofu''' Ọ bụ obere onye ọrụ ugbo organic, onye edemede na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ nke bi na Zimbabwe. Ọ bụ onye nhazi izugbe nke Via Campesina, na n'afọ 2016 ọ bụkwa onye nnọchi anya pụrụ iche na Food and Agriculture Organisation nke United Nations (FAO) maka International Year of Pulses. Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke ZIMSOFF (Zimbabwe Smallholder Organic Farmers Forum).

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Elizabeth Mpofu n'afọ 1959. O nwere ụmụ atọ na ụmụ ụmụ itoolu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Naturally&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Davies|first=Sara|title=Elizabeth Mpofu, Africa’s Pulse Ambassador|url=http://naturallyzimbabwean.com/2016/12/31/elizabeth-mpofu-africas-pulse-ambassador/|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=Naturally Zimbabwean|date=31 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mpofu bụ obere onye ọrụ ugbo nke bi na Masvingo Province na [[Zimbabwe]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;FoodTank&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=20 Heroines Revolutionizing Food Activism|url=https://foodtank.com/news/2020/03/20-heroines-revolutionizing-food-activism-to-improve-the-planet/|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=Food Tank|date=5 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere ugbo ya dị hekta 10 n'ihi usoro mgbanwe ala malitere na 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Doors&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=L. Biron|first=Carey|title=Global recognition 'opens doors' for peasant groups, right to land|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20191218052844-hjd95|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=news.trust.org|date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-akụ ọka, legumes na agwa ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bafana|first=Busani|title=The Beating Pulse of Food Security in Africa|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2016/10/the-beating-pulse-of-food-security-in-africa/|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=www.ipsnews.net|date=16 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbalị ==
Mpofu ghọrọ onye otu Association of Zimbabwe Traditional Environmental Conservationists na 1982. &lt;ref name=&quot;RadioMundo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Women are the Ones Who Take Care of Mother Earth|url=https://www.radiomundoreal.fm/6853-women-are-the-ones-who-take-care?lang=es|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=Radio Mundo Real|date=12 July 2013|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara bụrụ onye otu ndị guzobere ZIMSOFF (Zimbabwe Smallholder Organic Farmers Forum). Na 2016, a họpụtara ya dịka onye nnọchi anya pụrụ iche na Food and Agriculture Organization nke United Nations (FAO) maka Afọ Nkụcha Mba Nile. . &lt;ref name=&quot;Naturally&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Davies|first=Sara|title=Elizabeth Mpofu, Africa’s Pulse Ambassador|url=http://naturallyzimbabwean.com/2016/12/31/elizabeth-mpofu-africas-pulse-ambassador/|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=Naturally Zimbabwean|date=31 December 2016}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDavies2016&quot;&gt;Davies, Sara (31 December 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190810094456/http://naturallyzimbabwean.com/2016/12/31/elizabeth-mpofu-africas-pulse-ambassador/ &quot;Elizabeth Mpofu, Africa's Pulse Ambassador&quot;]. ''Naturally Zimbabwean''. Archived from [http://naturallyzimbabwean.com/2016/12/31/elizabeth-mpofu-africas-pulse-ambassador/ the original] on 10 August 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 March&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mpofu bụ ugbu a (2020) General Coordinator nke Via Campesina, otu nzukọ zuru ụwa ọnụ na-anọchite anya ikike nke nde ndị ọrụ ugbo 200. &lt;ref name=&quot;EAT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Elizabeth Mpofu|url=https://eatforum.org/contributor/elizabeth-mpofu/|work=EAT|accessdate=10 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310114434/https://eatforum.org/contributor/elizabeth-mpofu/|archivedate=10 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mpofu ghọrọ onye nhazi na 2013 ma na-eme mkpọsa na okwu ndị dị ka inweta ala na iwepụ ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị. &lt;ref name=&quot;RadioMundo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Women are the Ones Who Take Care of Mother Earth|url=https://www.radiomundoreal.fm/6853-women-are-the-ones-who-take-care?lang=es|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=Radio Mundo Real|date=12 July 2013|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200310114654/https://www.radiomundoreal.fm/6853-women-are-the-ones-who-take-care?lang=es &quot;Women are the Ones Who Take Care of Mother Earth&quot;]. ''Radio Mundo Real''. 12 July 2013. Archived from [https://www.radiomundoreal.fm/6853-women-are-the-ones-who-take-care?lang=es the original] on 10 March 2020&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 March&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Kansụl Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu weputara nkwupụta UN banyere Ihe Ndị Ruwere Onwe nke Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo na Ndị Ọzọ Na-arụ Ọrụ n'Ime Obodo na 2018, na-esote aro mbụ Via Campesina mere na 2008. Mpofu kwuru &quot;Nke a abụwo ụzọ siri ike ma dị ka ndị ọrụ ugbo, dị ka ndị hụrụ ihe kachasị njọ nke ịda ogbenye na ileghara anya, anyị sikwa ike ma anyị anaghị ada mbà&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;CADTM&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=UN Human Rights Council passes a resolution adopting the peasant rights declaration in Geneva|url=https://www.cadtm.org/UN-Human-Rights-Council-passes-a-resolution-adopting-the-peasant-rights|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=www.cadtm.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu kwadoro nkwupụta ahụ n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Resilience&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=A. Wise|first=Timothy|title=UN Backs Seed Sovereignty in Landmark Peasants’ Rights Declaration|url=https://www.resilience.org/stories/2019-01-24/un-backs-seed-sovereignty-in-landmark-peasants-rights-declaration/|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=Resilience|date=24 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ ==

* Elizabeth Mpofu (2016) 'Ndị inyom na-arụ ọrụ ugbo site na ịkekọrịta ihe ọmụma' na Farming Matters.&lt;ref name=&quot;Knowledge&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=Elizabeth|author=Mpofu|title=Women farm through knowledge sharing|journal=Farming Matters|date=23 March 2016|url=https://www.ileia.org/2016/03/23/opinion-women-farm-knowledge-sharing/|accessdate=10 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Elizabeth Mpofu &amp; Ndabezinhle Nyoni (2017) 'Ọrụ nke pulses na obere ndị nwe ala na mgbanwe nke ọrụ ugbo Africa' na Nature &amp; Faune . &lt;ref name=&quot;NatureFaune&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=Elizabeth|author=Mpofu|title=Role of pulses and smallholders in the transformation of Africa's agriculture|journal=Nature &amp; Faune|volume=31|issue=1|issn=2026-5611}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

=== Njikọ dị n'ime ===

* [[Via Campesina|Site na Campesina]]
* [[Nkwupụta United Nations Banyere Ihe Ndị Ruuru Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo|Nkwupụta Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu Banyere Ihe Ndị Ruuru Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo]]
* Guy Kastler
* José Bové
* [[Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi]]
* Njem ndị ọrụ ugbo

== Edemsibia ==
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'''Elizabeth Mpofu''' Ọ bụ obere onye ọrụ ugbo organic, onye edemede na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ nke bi na Zimbabwe. Ọ bụ onye nhazi izugbe nke Via Campesina, na n'afọ 2016 ọ bụkwa onye nnọchi anya pụrụ iche na Food and Agriculture Organisation nke United Nations (FAO) maka International Year of Pulses. Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke ZIMSOFF (Zimbabwe Smallholder Organic Farmers Forum).

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Elizabeth Mpofu n'afọ 1959. O nwere ụmụ atọ na ụmụ ụmụ itoolu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Naturally&quot; /&gt;

Mpofu bụ obere onye ọrụ ugbo nke bi na Masvingo Province na [[Zimbabwe]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;FoodTank&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=20 Heroines Revolutionizing Food Activism|url=https://foodtank.com/news/2020/03/20-heroines-revolutionizing-food-activism-to-improve-the-planet/|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=Food Tank|date=5 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere ugbo ya dị hekta 10 n'ihi usoro mgbanwe ala malitere na 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Doors&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=L. Biron|first=Carey|title=Global recognition 'opens doors' for peasant groups, right to land|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20191218052844-hjd95|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=news.trust.org|date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-akụ ọka, legumes na agwa ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bafana|first=Busani|title=The Beating Pulse of Food Security in Africa|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2016/10/the-beating-pulse-of-food-security-in-africa/|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=www.ipsnews.net|date=16 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbalị ==
Mpofu ghọrọ onye otu Association of Zimbabwe Traditional Environmental Conservationists na 1982. &lt;ref name=&quot;RadioMundo&quot; /&gt; O mechara bụrụ onye otu ndị guzobere ZIMSOFF (Zimbabwe Smallholder Organic Farmers Forum). Na 2016, a họpụtara ya dịka onye nnọchi anya pụrụ iche na Food and Agriculture Organization nke United Nations (FAO) maka Afọ Nkụcha Mba Nile. . &lt;ref name=&quot;Naturally&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Davies|first=Sara|title=Elizabeth Mpofu, Africa’s Pulse Ambassador|url=http://naturallyzimbabwean.com/2016/12/31/elizabeth-mpofu-africas-pulse-ambassador/|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=Naturally Zimbabwean|date=31 December 2016}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDavies2016&quot;&gt;Davies, Sara (31 December 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190810094456/http://naturallyzimbabwean.com/2016/12/31/elizabeth-mpofu-africas-pulse-ambassador/ &quot;Elizabeth Mpofu, Africa's Pulse Ambassador&quot;]. ''Naturally Zimbabwean''. Archived from [http://naturallyzimbabwean.com/2016/12/31/elizabeth-mpofu-africas-pulse-ambassador/ the original] on 10 August 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 March&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mpofu bụ ugbu a (2020) General Coordinator nke Via Campesina, otu nzukọ zuru ụwa ọnụ na-anọchite anya ikike nke nde ndị ọrụ ugbo 200. &lt;ref name=&quot;EAT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Elizabeth Mpofu|url=https://eatforum.org/contributor/elizabeth-mpofu/|work=EAT|accessdate=10 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310114434/https://eatforum.org/contributor/elizabeth-mpofu/|archivedate=10 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mpofu ghọrọ onye nhazi na 2013 ma na-eme mkpọsa na okwu ndị dị ka inweta ala na iwepụ ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị. &lt;ref name=&quot;RadioMundo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Women are the Ones Who Take Care of Mother Earth|url=https://www.radiomundoreal.fm/6853-women-are-the-ones-who-take-care?lang=es|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=Radio Mundo Real|date=12 July 2013|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200310114654/https://www.radiomundoreal.fm/6853-women-are-the-ones-who-take-care?lang=es &quot;Women are the Ones Who Take Care of Mother Earth&quot;]. ''Radio Mundo Real''. 12 July 2013. Archived from [https://www.radiomundoreal.fm/6853-women-are-the-ones-who-take-care?lang=es the original] on 10 March 2020&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 March&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Kansụl Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu weputara nkwupụta UN banyere Ihe Ndị Ruwere Onwe nke Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo na Ndị Ọzọ Na-arụ Ọrụ n'Ime Obodo na 2018, na-esote aro mbụ Via Campesina mere na 2008. Mpofu kwuru &quot;Nke a abụwo ụzọ siri ike ma dị ka ndị ọrụ ugbo, dị ka ndị hụrụ ihe kachasị njọ nke ịda ogbenye na ileghara anya, anyị sikwa ike ma anyị anaghị ada mbà&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;CADTM&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=UN Human Rights Council passes a resolution adopting the peasant rights declaration in Geneva|url=https://www.cadtm.org/UN-Human-Rights-Council-passes-a-resolution-adopting-the-peasant-rights|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=www.cadtm.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu kwadoro nkwupụta ahụ n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Resilience&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=A. Wise|first=Timothy|title=UN Backs Seed Sovereignty in Landmark Peasants’ Rights Declaration|url=https://www.resilience.org/stories/2019-01-24/un-backs-seed-sovereignty-in-landmark-peasants-rights-declaration/|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=Resilience|date=24 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ ==

* Elizabeth Mpofu (2016) 'Ndị inyom na-arụ ọrụ ugbo site na ịkekọrịta ihe ọmụma' na Farming Matters.&lt;ref name=&quot;Knowledge&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=Elizabeth|author=Mpofu|title=Women farm through knowledge sharing|journal=Farming Matters|date=23 March 2016|url=https://www.ileia.org/2016/03/23/opinion-women-farm-knowledge-sharing/|accessdate=10 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Elizabeth Mpofu &amp; Ndabezinhle Nyoni (2017) 'Ọrụ nke pulses na obere ndị nwe ala na mgbanwe nke ọrụ ugbo Africa' na Nature &amp; Faune . &lt;ref name=&quot;NatureFaune&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=Elizabeth|author=Mpofu|title=Role of pulses and smallholders in the transformation of Africa's agriculture|journal=Nature &amp; Faune|volume=31|issue=1|issn=2026-5611}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

=== Njikọ dị n'ime ===

* [[Via Campesina|Site na Campesina]]
* [[Nkwupụta United Nations Banyere Ihe Ndị Ruuru Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo|Nkwupụta Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu Banyere Ihe Ndị Ruuru Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo]]
* Guy Kastler
* José Bové
* [[Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi]]
* Njem ndị ọrụ ugbo

== Edemsibia ==
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342163493|Linda Masarira]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Linda Ts intermediai Masarira''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Zimbabwe nke jere ozi dị ka onye na-ekwuchitere otu obere otu pati ndị mmegide na Zimbabwe, MDC-T nke Thokozani Khupe duziri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zimeye.net/2018/04/26/newly-appointed-mdc-t-spokesperson-linda-masarira-issues-maiden-press-statement/|title=Newly Appointed MDC T Spokesperson, Linda Masarira Issues Maiden Press Statement|date=26 April 2018|work=Zimeye.net|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Linda Masarira bụkwa onye na-agbachitere ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ nke a maara maka ọrụ ya n'ịkwado ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, ịha nhata, nguzozi nwoke na nwanyị, ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị, itinye aka na nnwere onwe akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka ndị a na-akparaghị ókè nke ọha mmadụ. Ọ bụ onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Zimbabwe Labor Economists and African Democrats (LEAD) yana onye otu ndọrọ ndọrọọrọ ọchịchị Political Actors Dialogue (POLAD).

Masarira mere isi akụkọ mgbe ọ katọrọ Marry Mubaiwa na-arịa ọrịa onye bụbu nwunye onye na-agba bọọlụ Shingi Kawondera mgbe ha gbasara, Mary Mubaiwa lụrụ General Constantino Guvheya Nyikadzino Chiwenga onye bụ osote onye isi ala Zimbabwe ugbu a. Mary na Chiwenga kewara.

== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
Linda Masarira tolitere na Harare ebe ọ nọ tupu ọ kwaga Bulawayo, Hwange na Mutare ebe a na-arụ ọrụ dị ka nwanyị ụgbọ okporo ígwè. Ọ laghachiri Harare na 2015 wee guzobe otu Zimbabwe Women In Politics Alliance.

== Ịgba mbọ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ ==
Mgbe ọtụtụ ngagharịiwe, arịrịọ na ngagharịiwe megide mmebi iwu ikike mmadụ nke Gọọmentị Zimbabwe mere n'oge ọchịchị Mugabe nke o hiwere, a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ ihe karịrị ụbọchị iri asatọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Chikurubhi maka ịma aka gọọmentị ịkwanyere ụmụ mmadụ ùgwù. N'oge mkpọrọ ya, Masarira kpọkọtara ụmụ nwanyị ibe ya ma duzie ngagharịiwe megide ọnọdụ ọjọọ ụmụ nwanyị na-eche ihu, gụnyere enweghị ihe mkpuchi ụlọ na ohere kwesịrị ekwesị maka ọrụ ahụike. N'ihi ngagharịiwe ya, a tara Masarira ahụhụ ma kpọga ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwoke ebe a kpọchiri ya naanị ya ruo mgbe e mechara nye ya mgbapụta site n'iwu ụlọ ikpe ukwu na Septemba 2016.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://zimbabwelatestnews.net/linda-masarira-finally-released-from-prison/#sthash.8tYwVuUK.dpbs|title=Linda Masarira finally released from prison - Zimbabwe Latest News|work=Zimbabwelatestnews.net|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zambianobserver.com/horror-pictures-zimbabwe-pro-democracy-activist-linda-masarira-appeared-in-court/|title=HORROR PICTURES: Zimbabwe Pro-democracy activist Linda Masarira Appeared In Court|date=19 September 2016|work=Zambianobserver.com|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Linda Masarira haziri ọtụtụ mkpọsa ndị gara nke ọma gụnyere mkpọsa &quot;Bring Back our women from Kuwait&quot; ebe o tinyere aka n'ịrịọ gọọmentị Zimbabwe na ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya Kuwait ka ha mee ngwa ngwa usoro nlọghachi nye ụmụ nwanyị Zimbabwe ndị a chụpụrụ n'ihi ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Mgbe mkpọsa a gasịrị, gọọmentị Zimbabwe mechara wepụta atụmatụ ịchụpụ ndị niile a zụrụ azụ na mpụga Zimbabwe nke mere ka ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị 200 ndị ihe metụtara laghachi n'ụlọ..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2016/05/15/more-women-arrive-from-kuwait|title=More women arrive from Kuwait|work=Dailynews.co.zw|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Linda Masarira na ndị enyi ya ise ndị ọzọ gụnyere Lynette Tendai Mudehwe nke Zimbabwe Activists Alliance malitere Occupy Africa Unity Square Campaign na June 2016, nke a haziri ka ọ gbaa ụbọchị iri na isii. Ndị uwe ojii Zimbabwe Republic gburu mkpọsa ahụ wee jide onye ọrụ ibe ya Patson Dzamara na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-eme mkpọsa maka ebubo izu ohi.

E jidere Linda n'ebubo nke igbochi usoro ikpe ziri ezi.

N'oge ọ nọ na National Railways of Zimbabwe na Systems Technology, Linda sokwa na otu ndị ọrụ ebe ọ kpọkọtara ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ ka ha lụọ ọgụ maka ikike ọrụ ha, nke mere ka a chụpụ ya n'òtù ndị ahụ.

O kwuru na ihe ịma aka ndị ọ chere ihu dị ka onye Zimbabwe na-eto eto bụ ihe kpụrụ echiche ya na ihe ịma mma ndị a gụnyere okike na ikpe ziri ezi, ọrụ na ikpe ziri aga yana ikpe na-ezighị ezi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mashate|first=Fredy|date=1 November 2020|title=Linda Tsungirirai Masarira _ Activism and Politics in Zimbabwe|work=[[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATb2lIoq0aI|accessdate=25 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Masarira bụbu onye otu kọmitii nchịkwa nke People's Democratic Party (PDP) nke na-ahụ maka iwebata na ịhazi. Ọ bụ ọnụ na-ekwuchitere Movement for Democratic Change (MDC-T) nke Onye isi ala Dr [[Thokozani Khuphe|Thokozani Khupe]] na-eduzi ugbu a.

N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2018, Linda debanyere aha ya n'akwụkwọ ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu nke Harare Central na ntuli aka nke afọ 2018 nke ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị na nkwenye ya na ọ nwere ike ime ka ndị ọrụ niile na-eche ikpe na-ezighị ezi ihu na [[Zimbabwe]].

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, Masarira rụrụ ụka na twitter na Kọmitii Electoral nke Zimbabwe kwesịrị ịkwụ ụgwọ nhọpụta, site na 25,000 ruo 50,000 USD, iji mepụta oghere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị jupụtara na ụkpụrụ nke echiche dị elu. Otú ọ dị, ya onwe ya enwetaghị ego nhọpụta, nke mere ka a machibido ya ịzọ ọkwa na ntuli aka 2023 yana ịnata ịkwa emo na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=African feminist activism and democracy: Social media publics and Zimbabwean women in politics online - African Journal of Inclusive Societies|url=https://www.si-ajis.org/articles/african-feminist-activism-and-democracy-social-media-publics-and-zimbabwean-women-in-politics-online/|accessdate=2025-11-11|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Arụmụka ==
N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2015, Linda pụtara n'ihu onye ọka iwu Mutare bụ Annia Ndiraya maka ebubo mkparị onye isi ala Zimbabwe n'oge ahụ bụ Robert Mugabe site n'ịkpọ ya dị ka ihe mkpofu nke ọ gọnahụrụ ebubo na-ekwu na e mebiri ya. A chụpụrụ ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'efu.

N'afọ 2016, a kọrọ na Masarira kwuru na &quot;ndịNdebele bụ ndị ụjọ na ụmụ ọhụrụ na-ebe ákwá&quot; na nnọkọ Crisis na Zimbabwe Coalition nke emere na Harare. Nkwupụta ahụ gbasara na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta ma bo ya ebubo maka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Masarira mere ka o doo anya na ọ pụtara na ọtụtụ Ndị Ndebele achọghị isonye na mbọ ha na-agba ịlụso ọchịchị Mugabe ọgụ maka ikike ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-local-byo-101345.html|title='Am not fazed by Ndebele coward remarks,' Linda Masarira vows|work=Bulawayo24.com|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2017, Linda Masarira gbara ndị isi gọọmentị akwụkwọ gụnyere onye isi ala Zimbabwe ugbu a Emmerson Mnangagwa onye bụ osote onye isi ala yana minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara ụlọ n'oge ahụ Ignatius Chombo, onye isi ụlọ mkpọrọ Augustine Chihuri na onye isi ụlọ ikpe Paradzai Zimondi. O tinyere akwụkwọ ikpe $ 150,000 maka njide iwu na-akwadoghị n'ihi akwụkwọ ikike njide. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2017/06/linda-masarira-sues-mnangagwa/|title=Linda Masarira sues Mnangagwa - NewsDay Zimbabwe|work=Newsday.co.zw|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2018 o tinyere akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe iwu na-agbagha ikike nke Onye isi ala Emmerson Mnangagwa onye batara n'ọchịchị mgbe 2017 Zimbabwe wepụrụ ọchịchị na Nọvemba afọ 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://zimbabwe-today.com/coup-linda-masarira-drags-mnangagwa-court/|title=Coup - Linda Masarira Drags Mnangagwa to Court - Zimbabwe Today|work=zimbabwe-today.com|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianwatch.com/tag/linda-masarira/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2018-07-11|archivedate=2025-04-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423205637/http://www.nigerianwatch.com/tag/linda-masarira}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge emume ụbọchị ndị ọrụ nke afọ 2018, a machibidoro Linda Masarira ịbanye n'ụlọikwuu VIP nke Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions, Peter Mutasa onye isi oche ZCTU kwuru na ha machibidoro onye na-ekwuchitere MDC-T ịnọdụ n'ụlọ nkwari VIP n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịkpaghasị emume ụbọchị ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thezimbabwemail.com/zimbabwe/zctu-reveals-why-linda-masarira-was-barred-from-vip-tent/|title=ZCTU Reveals Why Linda Masarira Was Barred From VIP Tent|date=2 May 2018|work=Thezimbabwemail.com|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, ọ jụrụ Julius Malema itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Zimbabwe ma kwuo na &quot;Zimbabwe bụ mba nwere onwe ya ọ bụghị mgbatị nke South Africa&quot;. Ọ gbara ya ume ka ọ mee ka ọgwụgwọ COVID maka ndị mba ọzọ nọ na South Africa yana ịnye akwụkwọ Visa kama itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Zimbabwe. Fadzai Mahere jụrụ mmegharị a site n'aka ya nke dugara n'ọgụ na Twitter.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-08-04|title=Mahere Puzzled By Masarira's Attack On Malema Over Castigation Of Human Rights Abuses In Zimbabwe ⋆ Pindula News|url=https://news.pindula.co.zw/2020/08/04/mahere-puzzled-by-masariras-attack-on-malema-over-castigation-of-human-rights-abuses-in-zimbabwe/|accessdate=2020-08-26|work=Pindula News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2022, Masarira bụ onye &quot; ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kpọrọ asị&quot; metụtara n'ihi njikọ ya na ndị otu ZANU-PF. Mwakpo ahụ gụnyere ihere ahụ yana nkwupụta na ọ naghị asa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=African feminist activism and democracy: Social media publics and Zimbabwean women in politics online - African Journal of Inclusive Societies|url=https://www.si-ajis.org/articles/african-feminist-activism-and-democracy-social-media-publics-and-zimbabwean-women-in-politics-online/|accessdate=2025-11-11|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.si-ajis.org/articles/african-feminist-activism-and-democracy-social-media-publics-and-zimbabwean-women-in-politics-online/ &quot;African feminist activism and democracy: Social media publics and Zimbabwean women in politics online - African Journal of Inclusive Societies&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-11-11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnọdụ ndị e nwere ==

* Onye guzobere na onye nhazi mba maka Zimbabwe Women in Politics Alliance.
* Onye nhazi mba maka Forum nke Ndị Ntorobịa Africa (Zimbabwean Chapter).
* Onye guzobere na Onye isi oche nke Association of Railways Terminated Employees.
* Onye isi oche nke Revolutionary Freedom Fighters.
* Onye isi oche nke STAR fellowship cohort 3.
* FES Alumni.
* Onye isi oche nke ndị ọrụ Trainmen Union (2008-2013).

== Onyinye na mmata ==

* Zimrights Nwanyị Nkwado nke Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ nke afọ 2016 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2016/11/24/human-rights-defenders-to-be-honoured|title=Human rights defenders to be honoured|work=Dailynews.co.zw|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe nrite Giraffe maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.giraffe.org/linda-masarira|title=Linda Masarira|work=Giraffe.org|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Fortune Magazine 2016 5th Most Powerful Woman in the World &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fortune.com/2016/12/05/the-worlds-most-powerful-women-december-5/|title=The World's Most Powerful Women: December 5|work=Fortune.com|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nwaanyị Africa dị ịrịba ama Ọktoba 2017

== Edemsibia ==
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'''Linda Ts intermediai Masarira''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Zimbabwe nke jere ozi dị ka onye na-ekwuchitere otu obere otu pati ndị mmegide na Zimbabwe, MDC-T nke Thokozani Khupe duziri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zimeye.net/2018/04/26/newly-appointed-mdc-t-spokesperson-linda-masarira-issues-maiden-press-statement/|title=Newly Appointed MDC T Spokesperson, Linda Masarira Issues Maiden Press Statement|date=26 April 2018|work=Zimeye.net|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Linda Masarira bụkwa onye na-agbachitere ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ nke a maara maka ọrụ ya n'ịkwado ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, ịha nhata, nguzozi nwoke na nwanyị, ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị, itinye aka na nnwere onwe akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka ndị a na-akparaghị ókè nke ọha mmadụ. Ọ bụ onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Zimbabwe Labor Economists and African Democrats (LEAD) yana onye otu ndọrọ ndọrọọrọ ọchịchị Political Actors Dialogue (POLAD).

Masarira mere isi akụkọ mgbe ọ katọrọ Marry Mubaiwa na-arịa ọrịa onye bụbu nwunye onye na-agba bọọlụ Shingi Kawondera mgbe ha gbasara, Mary Mubaiwa lụrụ General Constantino Guvheya Nyikadzino Chiwenga onye bụ osote onye isi ala Zimbabwe ugbu a. Mary na Chiwenga kewara.

== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
Linda Masarira tolitere na Harare ebe ọ nọ tupu ọ kwaga Bulawayo, Hwange na Mutare ebe a na-arụ ọrụ dị ka nwanyị ụgbọ okporo ígwè. Ọ laghachiri Harare na 2015 wee guzobe otu Zimbabwe Women In Politics Alliance.

== Ịgba mbọ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ ==
Mgbe ọtụtụ ngagharịiwe, arịrịọ na ngagharịiwe megide mmebi iwu ikike mmadụ nke Gọọmentị Zimbabwe mere n'oge ọchịchị Mugabe nke o hiwere, a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ ihe karịrị ụbọchị iri asatọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Chikurubhi maka ịma aka gọọmentị ịkwanyere ụmụ mmadụ ùgwù. N'oge mkpọrọ ya, Masarira kpọkọtara ụmụ nwanyị ibe ya ma duzie ngagharịiwe megide ọnọdụ ọjọọ ụmụ nwanyị na-eche ihu, gụnyere enweghị ihe mkpuchi ụlọ na ohere kwesịrị ekwesị maka ọrụ ahụike. N'ihi ngagharịiwe ya, a tara Masarira ahụhụ ma kpọga ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwoke ebe a kpọchiri ya naanị ya ruo mgbe e mechara nye ya mgbapụta site n'iwu ụlọ ikpe ukwu na Septemba 2016.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://zimbabwelatestnews.net/linda-masarira-finally-released-from-prison/#sthash.8tYwVuUK.dpbs|title=Linda Masarira finally released from prison - Zimbabwe Latest News|work=Zimbabwelatestnews.net|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zambianobserver.com/horror-pictures-zimbabwe-pro-democracy-activist-linda-masarira-appeared-in-court/|title=HORROR PICTURES: Zimbabwe Pro-democracy activist Linda Masarira Appeared In Court|date=19 September 2016|work=Zambianobserver.com|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Linda Masarira haziri ọtụtụ mkpọsa ndị gara nke ọma gụnyere mkpọsa &quot;Bring Back our women from Kuwait&quot; ebe o tinyere aka n'ịrịọ gọọmentị Zimbabwe na ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya Kuwait ka ha mee ngwa ngwa usoro nlọghachi nye ụmụ nwanyị Zimbabwe ndị a chụpụrụ n'ihi ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Mgbe mkpọsa a gasịrị, gọọmentị Zimbabwe mechara wepụta atụmatụ ịchụpụ ndị niile a zụrụ azụ na mpụga Zimbabwe nke mere ka ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị 200 ndị ihe metụtara laghachi n'ụlọ..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2016/05/15/more-women-arrive-from-kuwait|title=More women arrive from Kuwait|work=Dailynews.co.zw|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Linda Masarira na ndị enyi ya ise ndị ọzọ gụnyere Lynette Tendai Mudehwe nke Zimbabwe Activists Alliance malitere Occupy Africa Unity Square Campaign na June 2016, nke a haziri ka ọ gbaa ụbọchị iri na isii. Ndị uwe ojii Zimbabwe Republic gburu mkpọsa ahụ wee jide onye ọrụ ibe ya Patson Dzamara na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-eme mkpọsa maka ebubo izu ohi.

E jidere Linda n'ebubo nke igbochi usoro ikpe ziri ezi.

N'oge ọ nọ na National Railways of Zimbabwe na Systems Technology, Linda sokwa na otu ndị ọrụ ebe ọ kpọkọtara ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ ka ha lụọ ọgụ maka ikike ọrụ ha, nke mere ka a chụpụ ya n'òtù ndị ahụ.

O kwuru na ihe ịma aka ndị ọ chere ihu dị ka onye Zimbabwe na-eto eto bụ ihe kpụrụ echiche ya na ihe ịma mma ndị a gụnyere okike na ikpe ziri ezi, ọrụ na ikpe ziri aga yana ikpe na-ezighị ezi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mashate|first=Fredy|date=1 November 2020|title=Linda Tsungirirai Masarira _ Activism and Politics in Zimbabwe|work=[[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATb2lIoq0aI|accessdate=25 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Masarira bụbu onye otu kọmitii nchịkwa nke People's Democratic Party (PDP) nke na-ahụ maka iwebata na ịhazi. Ọ bụ ọnụ na-ekwuchitere Movement for Democratic Change (MDC-T) nke Onye isi ala Dr [[Thokozani Khuphe|Thokozani Khupe]] na-eduzi ugbu a.

N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2018, Linda debanyere aha ya n'akwụkwọ ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu nke Harare Central na ntuli aka nke afọ 2018 nke ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị na nkwenye ya na ọ nwere ike ime ka ndị ọrụ niile na-eche ikpe na-ezighị ezi ihu na [[Zimbabwe]].

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, Masarira rụrụ ụka na twitter na Kọmitii Electoral nke Zimbabwe kwesịrị ịkwụ ụgwọ nhọpụta, site na 25,000 ruo 50,000 USD, iji mepụta oghere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị jupụtara na ụkpụrụ nke echiche dị elu. Otú ọ dị, ya onwe ya enwetaghị ego nhọpụta, nke mere ka a machibido ya ịzọ ọkwa na ntuli aka 2023 yana ịnata ịkwa emo na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Arụmụka ==
N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2015, Linda pụtara n'ihu onye ọka iwu Mutare bụ Annia Ndiraya maka ebubo mkparị onye isi ala Zimbabwe n'oge ahụ bụ Robert Mugabe site n'ịkpọ ya dị ka ihe mkpofu nke ọ gọnahụrụ ebubo na-ekwu na e mebiri ya. A chụpụrụ ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'efu.

N'afọ 2016, a kọrọ na Masarira kwuru na &quot;ndịNdebele bụ ndị ụjọ na ụmụ ọhụrụ na-ebe ákwá&quot; na nnọkọ Crisis na Zimbabwe Coalition nke emere na Harare. Nkwupụta ahụ gbasara na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta ma bo ya ebubo maka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Masarira mere ka o doo anya na ọ pụtara na ọtụtụ Ndị Ndebele achọghị isonye na mbọ ha na-agba ịlụso ọchịchị Mugabe ọgụ maka ikike ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-local-byo-101345.html|title='Am not fazed by Ndebele coward remarks,' Linda Masarira vows|work=Bulawayo24.com|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2017, Linda Masarira gbara ndị isi gọọmentị akwụkwọ gụnyere onye isi ala Zimbabwe ugbu a Emmerson Mnangagwa onye bụ osote onye isi ala yana minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara ụlọ n'oge ahụ Ignatius Chombo, onye isi ụlọ mkpọrọ Augustine Chihuri na onye isi ụlọ ikpe Paradzai Zimondi. O tinyere akwụkwọ ikpe $ 150,000 maka njide iwu na-akwadoghị n'ihi akwụkwọ ikike njide. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2017/06/linda-masarira-sues-mnangagwa/|title=Linda Masarira sues Mnangagwa - NewsDay Zimbabwe|work=Newsday.co.zw|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2018 o tinyere akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe iwu na-agbagha ikike nke Onye isi ala Emmerson Mnangagwa onye batara n'ọchịchị mgbe 2017 Zimbabwe wepụrụ ọchịchị na Nọvemba afọ 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://zimbabwe-today.com/coup-linda-masarira-drags-mnangagwa-court/|title=Coup - Linda Masarira Drags Mnangagwa to Court - Zimbabwe Today|work=zimbabwe-today.com|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianwatch.com/tag/linda-masarira/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2018-07-11|archivedate=2025-04-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423205637/http://www.nigerianwatch.com/tag/linda-masarira}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge emume ụbọchị ndị ọrụ nke afọ 2018, a machibidoro Linda Masarira ịbanye n'ụlọikwuu VIP nke Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions, Peter Mutasa onye isi oche ZCTU kwuru na ha machibidoro onye na-ekwuchitere MDC-T ịnọdụ n'ụlọ nkwari VIP n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịkpaghasị emume ụbọchị ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thezimbabwemail.com/zimbabwe/zctu-reveals-why-linda-masarira-was-barred-from-vip-tent/|title=ZCTU Reveals Why Linda Masarira Was Barred From VIP Tent|date=2 May 2018|work=Thezimbabwemail.com|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, ọ jụrụ Julius Malema itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Zimbabwe ma kwuo na &quot;Zimbabwe bụ mba nwere onwe ya ọ bụghị mgbatị nke South Africa&quot;. Ọ gbara ya ume ka ọ mee ka ọgwụgwọ COVID maka ndị mba ọzọ nọ na South Africa yana ịnye akwụkwọ Visa kama itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Zimbabwe. Fadzai Mahere jụrụ mmegharị a site n'aka ya nke dugara n'ọgụ na Twitter.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-08-04|title=Mahere Puzzled By Masarira's Attack On Malema Over Castigation Of Human Rights Abuses In Zimbabwe ⋆ Pindula News|url=https://news.pindula.co.zw/2020/08/04/mahere-puzzled-by-masariras-attack-on-malema-over-castigation-of-human-rights-abuses-in-zimbabwe/|accessdate=2020-08-26|work=Pindula News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2022, Masarira bụ onye &quot; ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kpọrọ asị&quot; metụtara n'ihi njikọ ya na ndị otu ZANU-PF. Mwakpo ahụ gụnyere ihere ahụ yana nkwupụta na ọ naghị asa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=African feminist activism and democracy: Social media publics and Zimbabwean women in politics online - African Journal of Inclusive Societies|url=https://www.si-ajis.org/articles/african-feminist-activism-and-democracy-social-media-publics-and-zimbabwean-women-in-politics-online/|accessdate=2025-11-11|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.si-ajis.org/articles/african-feminist-activism-and-democracy-social-media-publics-and-zimbabwean-women-in-politics-online/ &quot;African feminist activism and democracy: Social media publics and Zimbabwean women in politics online - African Journal of Inclusive Societies&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-11-11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnọdụ ndị e nwere ==

* Onye guzobere na onye nhazi mba maka Zimbabwe Women in Politics Alliance.
* Onye nhazi mba maka Forum nke Ndị Ntorobịa Africa (Zimbabwean Chapter).
* Onye guzobere na Onye isi oche nke Association of Railways Terminated Employees.
* Onye isi oche nke Revolutionary Freedom Fighters.
* Onye isi oche nke STAR fellowship cohort 3.
* FES Alumni.
* Onye isi oche nke ndị ọrụ Trainmen Union (2008-2013).

== Onyinye na mmata ==

* Zimrights Nwanyị Nkwado nke Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ nke afọ 2016 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2016/11/24/human-rights-defenders-to-be-honoured|title=Human rights defenders to be honoured|work=Dailynews.co.zw|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe nrite Giraffe maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.giraffe.org/linda-masarira|title=Linda Masarira|work=Giraffe.org|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Fortune Magazine 2016 5th Most Powerful Woman in the World &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fortune.com/2016/12/05/the-worlds-most-powerful-women-december-5/|title=The World's Most Powerful Women: December 5|work=Fortune.com|accessdate=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nwaanyị Africa dị ịrịba ama Ọktoba 2017

== Edemsibia ==
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[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342304161|Thenjiwe Lesabe]]&quot;</comment>
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Thenjiwe Lesabe bụ onye [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwean]] na-ahụ mba n'anya nke bụkwa onye nkuzi, onye agha na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

== Mbido ndụ na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Khumalo na Hope Fountain dị nso na Bulawayo na Jenụwarị 5, 1932. Ọ gara White Water Primary wee zụọ ọzụzụ dịka onye nkuzi na Hope Fountain. Ọ bụ onye nkuzi na ụlọ akwụkwọ Lotshe Primary dị na Mkokoba tupu ọ gbaa arụkwaghịm na 1949 wee sonye na Bantu Mirror dịka onye nta akụkọ.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/sn97059030|title=Bantu mirror.|work=The Library of Congress|accessdate=2018-03-07|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbalị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
N'agbata afọ 1949 na 1953, ọ bụ onye na-akwado ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị n'otu klọb mmekọrịta ọha na eze a na-akpọ Gama Sigma Club nke lekwasịrị anya n'ihe gbasara mmekọrịta ọha na eze maka ndị Afrịka. Na 1957, ọ sonyeere Southern Rhodesian African National Congress wee bụrụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na pati ahụ..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.newzimbabwe.com/opinion-4472-1932+to+2011+the+life+of+Thenjiwe+Lesabe/opinion.aspx|title=1932 to 2011: the life of Thenjiwe Lesabe|work=www.newzimbabwe.com|accessdate=2018-03-07|archivedate=3 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303201134/http://www.newzimbabwe.com/opinion-4472-1932+to+2011+the+life+of+Thenjiwe+Lesabe/opinion.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1960, ọ sonyeere National Democratic Party ma họpụta ya dịka onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Mpaghara Bulawayo na kọmitii mbụ dị n'etiti alaka. Dị ka onye isi oche, ọ jikọtara mpaghara abụọ nke Mzilikazi na Barbourfields wee guzobe alaka a na-akpọ Mziba.

Mgbe a machibidoro NDP iwu na nhazi nke ZAPU, Lesabe nọgidere n'ọkwa ya dị ka onyeisi oche nke Women's League na pati ọhụrụ ahụ ruo mgbe a machibidokwara pati ahụ na 1962. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/Thenjiwe_Lesabe|title=About Thenjiwe Lesabe - Pindula, Local Knowledge|work=www.pindula.co.zw|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lesabe nọgidere na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'agbanyeghị mmachibido iwu nke pati ahụ ma mesịa bụrụ akụkụ nke People's Caretaker Council (PCC) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gLiiBAAAQBAJ&amp;q=thenjiwe+lesabe&amp;pg=PT77|title=MY LIFE IN THE STRUGGLE FOR THE LIBERATION OF ZIMBABWE|author=Mpofu|first=J. M.|date=2014-09-09|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=9781496983244|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke a họpụtara ya na National Council. A machibidoro PCC (nke bụ ụgbọ ala maka ZAPU na-ezere mmachibido iwu) n'onwe ya na 1964.

N'agbata afọ 1970 na 1974, ọ gara obodo niile iji kwado ZAPU. Na nnọkọ nke ANC na 1975, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi ndị isi mba dịka onyeisi ZAWU ebe a họpụtara Josiah Chinamano ka ọ bụrụ osote onyeisiala ebe a họpụtara Joseph Msika ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu.

O mechara kwaga [[Zambia]] mgbe agha nnwere onwe siri ike ma nye ya iwu ka ya na ndị mba ụwa na-emekọrịta ihe ma na-agba mbọ maka nnwere onwe.

A họpụtara Lesabe dị ka onye omeiwu maka Matobo na tiketi [[PF-Zapu]] mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị. N'afọ 1984, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke ZAWU na ZAPU Congress.

Mgbe a bịanyere aka na Nkwekọrịta Ịdị n'Otu n'etiti ZANU na ZAPU, e mere ya osote minista nke njem nleta ma jee ozi na Kọmitii Ụmụ nwanyị mgbe ọ nọ na ZANU PF. N'afọ 2009, ọ hapụrụ ZANU PF wee laghachi na ZAPU.

Lesabe nwụrụ n'afọ 2011 ma jụ ya ịbụ dike mana e nyere ya olili ozu steeti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/nhloko-declared-national-hero-lesabe-gets-state-funeral/|title=Nhloko declared national hero, Lesabe gets state funeral|work=The Herald|accessdate=2018-03-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 2003 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ, e debere ya na ndepụta Mmachibido iwu nke United States. 

== Edemsbia ==
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1300381701|Sara Hlupekile Longwe]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Sara Hlupekile Longwe'''(amụrụ c. n'afọ 1950)[1] bụ onye ndụmọdụ gbasara okike na mmepe dabere na Lusaka, Zambia. Ọ bụ onye isi oche FEMNET n'etiti afọ 1997 na afọ 2003.[2] Ọ bụ onye odee Longwe Framework for Gender Analysis. Longwe na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị.[3]

== Mgbalị ndị mbụ ==

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=20em}}

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>11afrybhu1sdcducdob9ru9g972oq4z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Julia Tukai Zvobgo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>74907</id>
    <revision>
      <id>630612</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T16:45:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bigcee007</username>
        <id>24507</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348978899|Julia Tukai Zvobgo]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>630612</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7645" sha1="6q808mmcagoejzbqvt7ncdp951sqb9z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Julia Tukai Zvobgo
| birth_name          = Julia Tukai Whande
| birth_date          = 8 November 1937
| birth_place         = Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)
| death_date          = 16 February 2004
| death_place         = [[Harare, Zimbabwe]]
| citizenship         = Zimbabwean
| party               = ZANU–PF
| spouse              = [[Eddison Zvobgo]]
| occupation          = {{ubl|Politician|Activist}}
| office              = Member of Parliament for Zvishavane
| term_start          = 1980
| term_end            = 1990
| office1             = Secretary for Publicity and Information, ZANU–PF Women's League
| termstart1          = 1984
| termend1            = 1990
| resting_place       = National Heroes Acre, Harare
}}

'''Julia Tukai Zvobgo'''  (amụrụ Julia Tukai Whande; 8 Nọvemba afọ 1937 - 16 Febụwarị afọ 2004) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye na-akwado Zimbabwe.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sachiti|first=Roselyne|title=The mothers of Zim's revolution|url=http://www.herald.co.zw/the-mothers-of-zims-revolution/|work=www.chronicle.co.zw|date=13 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mbido ==
Julia bụ onye nke atọ a mụrụ n'ezinụlọ nwere ụmụ nwanyị ise na ụmụ nwoke abụọ.[1] Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ praịmarị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi atọ, mechaa gaa Tegwani maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya, wee debanye aha maka ọzụzụ ndị nkuzi na Gutu Mission.[1] Ọ ruru eru ịbụ onye nkuzi n'afọ 1958, wee gaa Usher Mission n'afọ 1961, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ asambodo na Sayensị Ime Obodo.[1] Mgbe ọ nọ na Usher, ọ zutere di ya n'ọdịnihu bụ Eddison Jonas Mudadirwa Zvobgo, onye ga-aga US ịga gụọ akwụkwọ na Tufts University na Massachusetts na agụmakwụkwọ.[1] Obere oge ha lụrụ, ọ tụrụ ime nwa mbụ ya bụ́ Kerina, nke mere ka ọ nọrọ n'ụlọ ya na ezinụlọ ya na Shurugwi.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=August 3, 2011|title=Our national heroes|url=http://www.chronicle.co.zw/our-national-heroes/|work=chronicle.co.zw}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Ahụmịhe mbụ Julia Zvobgo nwere na mmegbu ịkpa ókè agbụrụ bụ mgbe ọ hụrụ njide di ya, wee si United States lọta.[1] E mechara maa di ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ọnwa iri na asatọ. Ebe ọ ghọrọ onye otu Zanu na mmalite ya na August n'afọ 1963, Zvobgo na ụmụ agbọghọ ndị ọzọ tara ahụhụ nke ọchịchị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke ruru n'okpuru Rhodesian Front.[1] Mmachibido iwu Zanu n'afọ 1964 mere ka e jide di ya ma machibido ya ruo afọ isii na Sikombela na ogige mkpọrọ ndị ọzọ n'ofe mba ahụ.[1] N'ihi ya, ọ gara UK. Site n'afọ 1968 ruo afọ 1971 ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na United Kingdom na Hillcroft na Surrey. Mgbe e mesịrị, na agụmakwụkwọ United Nations, ọ gụchara asambodo na Institutional Management na Leeds Polytechnic.[2] O wee gaa n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ka elu ya n'afọ 1975 na United States ebe di ya na-agụ akwụkwọ ma na-akụzi ihe. N'afọ 1977, o nwetara nzere BA na Political Science na Mahadum Lewis na Illinois, USA. Mgbe di ya gara Mozambique isonyere ndị ọzọ n'ọgụ nnwere onwe, Zvobgo kwagara ịga akwụkwọ na Mahadum Notre Dame dị na Indiana. Na Ọgọst n'afọ 1978, o nwetara nzere Master of Science na Administration.

Nrara Zvobgo tinyere n'ọrụ ezinụlọ ya na ụkpụrụ mba ya mere ka o die mmegbu na mmekpa ahụ mgbe niile site n'aka ndị ọrụ nchekwa Rhodesia bụ́ ndị boro ya ebubo na ọ na-ebuga ozi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gaa na nke di ya a na-ejide na ndị ọrụ ibe ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;herald.co.zw&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=13 August 2012|title=The mothers of Zim's revolution|url=http://www.herald.co.zw/the-mothers-of-zims-revolution/|accessdate=11 July 2017|work=The Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site n'afọ 1968 ruo afọ 1978, Julia gụrụ akwụkwọ na mba ofesi ma mesịa sonyere di ya n'ọgụ agha na Mozambique ebe a họpụtara ya odeakwụkwọ nchịkwa maka ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị. &lt;ref name=&quot;herald.co.zw&quot; /&gt; Ọ gara nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ogige ndị agha na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ nke otu ụmụ nwanyị. &lt;ref name=&quot;herald.co.zw&quot; /&gt;

Zvobgo so n'òtù mbụ nke ndị otu Zanu-PF laghachiri Zimbabwe na Disemba n'afọ 1979 mgbe e mesịrị ogbako Lancaster House . &lt;ref name=&quot;herald.co.zw&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=13 August 2012|title=The mothers of Zim's revolution|url=http://www.herald.co.zw/the-mothers-of-zims-revolution/|accessdate=11 July 2017|work=The Herald}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.herald.co.zw/the-mothers-of-zims-revolution/ &quot;The mothers of Zim's revolution&quot;]. ''The Herald''. 13 August 2012&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 July&lt;/span&gt; 2017&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ akụkụ nke ndị nduzi ntuli aka ma nyere aka mepee isi ụlọ ọrụ pati ahụ na 88 Manica Road (nke bụzi Robert Mugabe Road). &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=August 3, 2011|title=Our national heroes|url=http://www.chronicle.co.zw/our-national-heroes/|work=chronicle.co.zw}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.chronicle.co.zw/our-national-heroes/ &quot;Our national heroes&quot;]. ''chronicle.co.zw''. 3 August 2011.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A tụrụ ya mkpọrọ ruo izu abụọ n'oge mkpọsa ntuli aka nke afọ 1980 maka ebubo inyere ndị agha Zanla aka na mpaghara Zvishavane ma a tọhapụrụ ya naanị mgbe ntuli aka gasịrị. &lt;ref name=&quot;herald.co.zw&quot; /&gt; A họpụtara Julia dị ka onye omeiwu maka mpaghara Midlands nke Zvishavane na ntuli aka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke afọ 1980 ma mesịa họpụta ya odeakwụkwọ maka mgbasa ozi na ozi na Women's League n'afọ 1984. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

Cde Zvobgo sokwa na Kọmitii Etiti nke Zanu-PF n'ime afọ iri mbụ nke nnwere onwe Zimbabwe.[1] A họpụtara ya dịka odeakwụkwọ maka mgbasa ozi na ozi na otu ụmụ nwanyị na 1984 ma họpụtakwa ya dịka onye omeiwu ọzọ maka Zvishavane na 1985. Ọ lara ezumike nka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na 1990 iji lekwasị anya n'azụmahịa ezinụlọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;herald.co.zw&quot; /&gt;

== Ọnwụ na ncheta ==
Julia Zvobgo nwụrụ na Mọnde, ụbọchị iri na ise nke ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2004, mgbe obi gbawara ya n'ụlọ ya dị na Kambanji na Harare. Nke a sochiri ọrịa strok nke ọ tara n'afọ 2003 mgbe ọ na-elekọta di ya na-arịa ọrịa na Cape Town, South Africa.[1] E nyere Zvobgo nsọpụrụ pụrụ iche nke ịghọ nwanyị nke anọ - mgbe Sally Mugabe na Joanna Nkomo (nwunye Joshua Nkomo) - ka a kpọọ ya dike mba. E liri ya na National Heroes Acre, ebe nsọ nke na-asọpụrụ ndị agha nnwere onwe Zimbabwe.[2] A mara ọkwa na ZBC na President Mugabe agaghị abịa olili ozu ya n'ihi na ọ na-arịa mgbu obi obere oge ka o mere emume ncheta ọmụmụ ya nke afọ 80.[3] Agbanyeghị, a kwenyere na President Mugabe abịaghị olili ozu ahụ n'ihi na ya na di Zvobgo adịghịzi ná mma, onye bụ onye iro Mugabe.[2] Di ya nwụrụ ọnwa isii ka ọ nwụsịrị. Oriakụ Julia bụ onye otu ụlọ ụka Methodist.  &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=August 3, 2011|title=Our national heroes|url=http://www.chronicle.co.zw/our-national-heroes/|work=chronicle.co.zw}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.chronicle.co.zw/our-national-heroes/ &quot;Our national heroes&quot;]. ''chronicle.co.zw''. 3 August 2011.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>6q808mmcagoejzbqvt7ncdp951sqb9z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Shattered (ihe nkiri 2011)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>74908</id>
    <revision>
      <id>630615</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:09:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341090923|Shattered (2011 film)]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>630615</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2400" sha1="oo8dua9cqaiwt3935enoqbwnafgije6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film
| name           = Shattered
| image          = Shattered 2012 film.jpg
| alt            = 
| caption        = Promotional poster
| director       = Gilbert Lukalia
| writer         = 
| producer       = Carol Nguta
| starring       = {{ubl|[[Rita Dominic]]|Mumbi Maina|Robert Burale}}
| cinematography = 
| editing        = 
| music          = 
| studio         = 
| distributor    = Dream House Productions
| released       = {{Film date|2011|11|25|df=y}}
| runtime        = 
| country        = Kenya, Nigeria
| language       = English
| budget         = 
}}'''''Shattered''''' bụ ihe nkiri Kenya nke Gilbert Lukalia duziri na'afọ 2011, ebe onye na-eme ihe nkiri [[Nollywood]] bụ [[Rita Dominic|Rita Dominic,]] gosipụtara dị ka Keziah ma bụrụ ya nọ n'isi ihe nkiri. O ritere ihe nrite abụọ na ihe nrite Africa Movie Academy Awards nke afọ 2012. Rita Dominic merikwara ihe nrite kacha mma na ihe nrite Kalasha Film and Television Awards nke afọ 2012 na Kenya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fabmagazineonline.com/fab-trailer-the-first-trailer-for-shattered-starring-rita-dominic/|title=SHATTERED MOVIE TRAILER|date=July 17, 2012|accessdate=10 February 2014|author=Sinem Bilen-Onabanjo}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmbizafrica.com/articles/shattered-movie-review.html|title=SHATTERED MOVIE REVIEW|accessdate=10 February 2014|archivedate=22 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222025745/http://www.filmbizafrica.com/articles/shattered-movie-review.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/12/13/rita-dominic-wins-the-best-actress-award-at-the-2012-kalasha-film-and-television-awards-in-kenya-honoured-for-her-role-in-shattered/|title=Rita Dominic wins big for Shattered movie|publisher=BellaNaija|accessdate=10 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/12844/3/pictures-of-rita-dominic-behind-the-scenes-on-her-.html|title=Behind the Scenes of Shattered Movie|accessdate=10 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị so mee ihe nkiri a ==

* [[Rita Dominic]] dịka Keziah Njema
* [[Mumbi Maina]] dịka Mumbi Miana
* Robert Burale dịka Frank Njema
* Allan Adika dịka Jomo
* Eddie Gebhart dịka nwanne Nick
* Gideon Nzukie dịka Mike Njema
* Naomi Wambui
* Melvin Alusa
* Ainea Ojiambo
* Janet Sision

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri]]
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri afọ 2011]]</text>
      <sha1>oo8dua9cqaiwt3935enoqbwnafgije6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>630616</id>
      <parentid>630615</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:10:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added DATABOX</comment>
      <origin>630616</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1832" sha1="90878nyjuocpi92izz4ttvtkmwh94ln" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Shattered''' bụ ihe nkiri Kenya nke Gilbert Lukalia duziri na'afọ 2011, ebe onye na-eme ihe nkiri [[Nollywood]] bụ [[Rita Dominic|Rita Dominic,]] gosipụtara dị ka Keziah ma bụrụ ya nọ n'isi ihe nkiri. O ritere ihe nrite abụọ na ihe nrite Africa Movie Academy Awards nke afọ 2012. Rita Dominic merikwara ihe nrite kacha mma na ihe nrite Kalasha Film and Television Awards nke afọ 2012 na Kenya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fabmagazineonline.com/fab-trailer-the-first-trailer-for-shattered-starring-rita-dominic/|title=SHATTERED MOVIE TRAILER|date=July 17, 2012|accessdate=10 February 2014|author=Sinem Bilen-Onabanjo}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmbizafrica.com/articles/shattered-movie-review.html|title=SHATTERED MOVIE REVIEW|accessdate=10 February 2014|archivedate=22 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222025745/http://www.filmbizafrica.com/articles/shattered-movie-review.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/12/13/rita-dominic-wins-the-best-actress-award-at-the-2012-kalasha-film-and-television-awards-in-kenya-honoured-for-her-role-in-shattered/|title=Rita Dominic wins big for Shattered movie|publisher=BellaNaija|accessdate=10 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/12844/3/pictures-of-rita-dominic-behind-the-scenes-on-her-.html|title=Behind the Scenes of Shattered Movie|accessdate=10 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị so mee ihe nkiri a ==

* [[Rita Dominic]] dịka Keziah Njema
* [[Mumbi Maina]] dịka Mumbi Miana
* Robert Burale dịka Frank Njema
* Allan Adika dịka Jomo
* Eddie Gebhart dịka nwanne Nick
* Gideon Nzukie dịka Mike Njema
* Naomi Wambui
* Melvin Alusa
* Ainea Ojiambo
* Janet Sision

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri]]
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri afọ 2011]]</text>
      <sha1>90878nyjuocpi92izz4ttvtkmwh94ln</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Otú:Ihe nkiri afọ 2011</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>74909</id>
    <revision>
      <id>630617</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:12:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created category</comment>
      <origin>630617</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="48" sha1="c45rdh3113gzfon3heh2u4q6d624vww" xml:space="preserve">nchịkọta ihe nkiri ndị e mere n'afọ 2011</text>
      <sha1>c45rdh3113gzfon3heh2u4q6d624vww</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Silent Scandals</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>74910</id>
    <revision>
      <id>630618</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:19:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339142240|Silent Scandals]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>630618</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2190" sha1="c2pws8zlgcqxokhwe0gblyfa3ovxh9f" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film
| name           = Silent Scandals
| image          = Silent_Scandals_poster.jpg
| alt            = 
| caption        = Theatrical poster
| director       = T.K. Falope
| writer         = Vivian Ejike
| producer       = Vivian Ejike
| starring       = {{ubl|[[Genevieve Nnaji]]|[[Majid Michel]]|[[Chelsea Eze]]}}
| cinematography = Alfred Chai
| editing        = Okey Benson
| music          = Austin Erowele &lt;br&gt; [[Paul Play Dairo]] &lt;br&gt; Audio Network
| studio         = Purple Pine Productions
| distributor    = Nollywood Distributions
| released       = {{Film date|2009|12|04|Ghana|2009|12|06|Nigeria}}
| runtime        = 139 minutes (theatrical &amp; VCD) &lt;br&gt; 164 minutes (extended DVD)
| country        = Nigeria
| language       = English
| budget         = 
| gross          = 
}}'''''Silent Scandals''''' bụ ihe nkiri ịhụnanya Naịjirịa nke Vivian Ejike dere ma mepụta ma TK Falope duziri, [[Genevieve Nnaji]], [[Majid Michel]], [[Chelsea Eze]], [[Uche Jombo]] na [[Ebele Okaro|Ebele Okaro-Onyiuke]]  bụ ndị pụtara ìhè n'ihe nkiri a. Chelsea Eze ritere ihe nrite nke ogo ome ihe nkiri nwanyị ''kacha pụta ihe'' n'ọrụ ya  n'ihe nkiri ahụ na emume nke isii nke Africa Movie Academy Awards . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AMAA Nominees and Winners 2010 Africa Movie Academy Awards|url=http://www.ama-awards.com/awards/2010|publisher=AMA Awards|accessdate=12 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214072605/http://ama-awards.com/awards/2010|archivedate=14 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị so mee ihe nkiri a ==

* [[Genevieve Nnaji]] dịka Jessie
* [[Majid Michel]] dịka Neto
* [[Chelsea Eze]] dịka Ella
* [[Uche Jombo]] dịka Muky
* [[Ebele Okaro|Ebele Okaro-Onyiuke]] as Mrs Helen Ubaka
* [[Ime Bishop Umoh]] dị ka Akpan
* [[Pope Stan U. Ndu]] dịka Jay Jay
* Isaac David dịka Alhaji Danladi
* Peachman Akputa dị ka Etim
* Dami Solomon dịka Tonya
* Tessy Oragwa dịka Tina
* Oladimeji Alimi as Alhaji Aide
* [[Kelechi Amadi-Obi|Kelechi Amadi Obi]] dị ka onye na-ese foto

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb title|1644672|Silent Scandals}}
* Silent Scandals on Facebook
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri]]</text>
      <sha1>c2pws8zlgcqxokhwe0gblyfa3ovxh9f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>630619</id>
      <parentid>630618</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:21:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added DATABOX</comment>
      <origin>630619</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1399" sha1="fodj6280skr6enrvt3kglmxgljad1wd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Silent Scandals''''' bụ ihe nkiri ịhụnanya Naịjirịa nke Vivian Ejike dere ma mepụta ma TK Falope duziri, [[Genevieve Nnaji]], [[Majid Michel]], [[Chelsea Eze]], [[Uche Jombo]] na [[Ebele Okaro|Ebele Okaro-Onyiuke]]  bụ ndị pụtara ìhè n'ihe nkiri a. Chelsea Eze ritere ihe nrite nke ogo ome ihe nkiri nwanyị ''kacha pụta ihe'' n'ọrụ ya  n'ihe nkiri ahụ na emume nke isii nke Africa Movie Academy Awards . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AMAA Nominees and Winners 2010 Africa Movie Academy Awards|url=http://www.ama-awards.com/awards/2010|publisher=AMA Awards|accessdate=12 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214072605/http://ama-awards.com/awards/2010|archivedate=14 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị so mee ihe nkiri a ==

* [[Genevieve Nnaji]] dịka Jessie
* [[Majid Michel]] dịka Neto
* [[Chelsea Eze]] dịka Ella
* [[Uche Jombo]] dịka Muky
* [[Ebele Okaro|Ebele Okaro-Onyiuke]] as Mrs Helen Ubaka
* [[Ime Bishop Umoh]] dị ka Akpan
* [[Pope Stan U. Ndu]] dịka Jay Jay
* Isaac David dịka Alhaji Danladi
* Peachman Akputa dị ka Etim
* Dami Solomon dịka Tonya
* Tessy Oragwa dịka Tina
* Oladimeji Alimi as Alhaji Aide
* [[Kelechi Amadi-Obi|Kelechi Amadi Obi]] dị ka onye na-ese foto

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb title|1644672|Silent Scandals}}
* Silent Scandals on Facebook
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri]]</text>
      <sha1>fodj6280skr6enrvt3kglmxgljad1wd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>630620</id>
      <parentid>630619</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:24:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ndị so mee ihe nkiri a */ ndezi</comment>
      <origin>630620</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1520" sha1="oxt31p3u01nhxjpggf9pv7bbs7nvhka" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Silent Scandals''''' bụ ihe nkiri ịhụnanya Naịjirịa nke Vivian Ejike dere ma mepụta ma TK Falope duziri, [[Genevieve Nnaji]], [[Majid Michel]], [[Chelsea Eze]], [[Uche Jombo]] na [[Ebele Okaro|Ebele Okaro-Onyiuke]]  bụ ndị pụtara ìhè n'ihe nkiri a. Chelsea Eze ritere ihe nrite nke ogo ome ihe nkiri nwanyị ''kacha pụta ihe'' n'ọrụ ya  n'ihe nkiri ahụ na emume nke isii nke Africa Movie Academy Awards . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AMAA Nominees and Winners 2010 Africa Movie Academy Awards|url=http://www.ama-awards.com/awards/2010|publisher=AMA Awards|accessdate=12 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214072605/http://ama-awards.com/awards/2010|archivedate=14 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị so mee ihe nkiri a ==

* [[Genevieve Nnaji]] gosipụtara ka Jessie
* [[Majid Michel]] gosipụtara ka Neto
* [[Chelsea Eze]] gosipụtara ka Ella
* [[Uche Jombo]] gosipụtara ka Muky
* [[Ebele Okaro|Ebele Okaro-Onyiuke]] gosipụtara ka Mrs Helen Ubaka
* [[Ime Bishop Umoh]] gosipụtara ka Akpan
* [[Pope Stan U. Ndu]] gosipụtaraka Jay Jay
* Isaac David gosipụtara ka Alhaji Danladi
* Peachman Akputa gosipụtara ka Etim
* Dami Solomon gosipụtara ka Tonya
* Tessy Oragwa gosipụtara ka Tina
* Oladimeji Alimi gosipụtara ka Alhaji Aide
* [[Kelechi Amadi-Obi|Kelechi Amadi Obi]] gosipụtara ka onye na-ese foto

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb title|1644672|Silent Scandals}}
* Silent Scandals on Facebook
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri]]</text>
      <sha1>oxt31p3u01nhxjpggf9pv7bbs7nvhka</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>In America: The Story of the Soul Sisters</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>74911</id>
    <revision>
      <id>630621</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:29:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346663644|In America: The Story of the Soul Sisters]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>630621</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2592" sha1="omp9aeggstf1getd2e9ldv615zdf11r" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film
| name           = In America: The Story of the Soul Sisters
| image          = [[File:Movie poster of In America,The Story of the Soul Sisters.jpeg|frameless]]
| alt            = 
| caption        = 
| native_name    = &lt;!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --&gt;
| director       = Rahman Oladigbolu
| writer         = 
| screenplay     = 
| story          = 
| based_on       = &lt;!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --&gt;
| producer       = Yvon Alteon
| starring       = Jimmy Jean-Louis &lt;br&gt; Mirlyne Dorvilus &lt;br&gt; Kandace Cummings
| narrator       = 
| cinematography = Ken Willinger
| editing        = Brian Patriacca
| music          = 
| studio         = Oracle Films International
| distributor    = &lt;!-- or: | distributors = --&gt;
| released       = {{Film date|2010}}
| runtime        = 
| country        = USA
| language       = English
| budget         = 
| gross          = 
}}'''''In America: The Story of the Soul Sisters''''' bụ ihe nkiri Naịjirịa nke afọ 2010 nke Rahman Oladigbolu duziri ma Jimmy Jean-Louis na Roger Dillingham Jr.  bụ ndị so gọsipụta agwa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2011/09/03/story-soul-sisters-interview-rahman-oladigbolu-award-winning-director-america|title=The Story of the Soul Sisters: An Interview with Rahman Oladigbolu, Award-winning Director of In America|date=September 3, 2011|accessdate=1 August 2014|author=Rudolf Okonkwo|work=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://abujavoice.com/in-america-the-story-of-the-soul-sisters-premieres-in-abuja-aug-7/|title=In America: The Story of the Soul Sisters Premieres In Abuja Aug.7|publisher=Abuja Voice|accessdate=1 August 2014|archivedate=6 August 2014|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140806024850/http://abujavoice.com/in-america-the-story-of-the-soul-sisters-premieres-in-abuja-aug-7/}}&lt;/ref&gt; O ritere ihe nrite ''ihe nkiri kacha mma site na African Living Abroad'' na ihe nrite nke asaa nke Africa Movie Academy na ihe nrite Best Emerging Filmmaker's Award na Roxbury International Film Festival nke afọ 2010 na Boston Massachusetts. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Story Of The Soul Sisters Premiere set for Lagos|url=https://www.modernghana.com/movie/15851/6/the-story-of-the-soul-sisters-premiere-set-for-lag.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [[imdbtitle:3734042|Na Amerịka: Akụkọ nke Ụmụnne Nwanyị Mkpụrụ Obi]] na [[IMDb|Nchekwa Ihe nkiri Intanetị]]
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri]]</text>
      <sha1>omp9aeggstf1getd2e9ldv615zdf11r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>630622</id>
      <parentid>630621</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:31:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added DATABOX</comment>
      <origin>630622</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1592" sha1="l3aimkncyoj9isetvi5q4bzsdsf5m9k" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''In America: The Story of the Soul Sisters''''' bụ ihe nkiri Naịjirịa nke afọ 2010 nke Rahman Oladigbolu duziri ma Jimmy Jean-Louis na Roger Dillingham Jr.  bụ ndị so gọsipụta agwa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2011/09/03/story-soul-sisters-interview-rahman-oladigbolu-award-winning-director-america|title=The Story of the Soul Sisters: An Interview with Rahman Oladigbolu, Award-winning Director of In America|date=September 3, 2011|accessdate=1 August 2014|author=Rudolf Okonkwo|work=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://abujavoice.com/in-america-the-story-of-the-soul-sisters-premieres-in-abuja-aug-7/|title=In America: The Story of the Soul Sisters Premieres In Abuja Aug.7|publisher=Abuja Voice|accessdate=1 August 2014|archivedate=6 August 2014|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140806024850/http://abujavoice.com/in-america-the-story-of-the-soul-sisters-premieres-in-abuja-aug-7/}}&lt;/ref&gt; O ritere ihe nrite ''ihe nkiri kacha mma site na African Living Abroad'' na ihe nrite nke asaa nke Africa Movie Academy na ihe nrite Best Emerging Filmmaker's Award na Roxbury International Film Festival nke afọ 2010 na Boston Massachusetts. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Story Of The Soul Sisters Premiere set for Lagos|url=https://www.modernghana.com/movie/15851/6/the-story-of-the-soul-sisters-premiere-set-for-lag.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [[imdbtitle:3734042|Na Amerịka: Akụkọ nke Ụmụnne Nwanyị Mkpụrụ Obi]] na [[IMDb|Nchekwa Ihe nkiri Intanetị]]
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri]]</text>
      <sha1>l3aimkncyoj9isetvi5q4bzsdsf5m9k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kokomma</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>74912</id>
    <revision>
      <id>630623</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:38:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1241842334|Kokomma]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>630623</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1394" sha1="4qmwr4r2jhsw1qni7rpd3qggwus0w15" xml:space="preserve">'''''Kokomma''''' bụ ihe nkiri  Naịjirịa nke afọ 2012 nke Tom Robson duziri na 2012. [[Belinda Effah]], [[Ini Ikpe]], [[Ifeanyi Kalu]] na Ekere Nkanga pụtara ihe na ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2013/06/kokomma.html|title=Kokomma|work=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]|date=12 June 2013|accessdate=8 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara nhọpụta atọ na emume nke itoolu nke Africa Movie Academy Awards, ebe Effah ritere ihe nrite maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma maka ngọsipụta nka akpamọchị ya na fim ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2013/04/nigerian-dramedy-confusion-na-wa-tops-winners-at-the-9th-africa-movie-academy-awards-136164/|title=Film|accessdate=2018-08-01|archivedate=2018-08-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801190500/https://www.indiewire.com/2013/04/nigerian-dramedy-confusion-na-wa-tops-winners-at-the-9th-africa-movie-academy-awards-136164/}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wepụtara ya na DVD n'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/arts-life/kokomma-hits-the-shelves/|title=Kokomma hits the shelves|work=[[The Punch]]|accessdate=8 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị so mee ihe nkiri a ==

* [[Belinda Effah]] gosipụtara ka Kokomma
* Ini Ikpe
* Ekere Nkanga
* Ifeanyi Kalu gosipụtara ka Usen

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb title|10077568}}</text>
      <sha1>4qmwr4r2jhsw1qni7rpd3qggwus0w15</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>630624</id>
      <parentid>630623</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:39:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added DATABOX</comment>
      <origin>630624</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1402" sha1="t783o0xlsi9qd378fsq64hhwcfwwjza" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kokomma''' bụ ihe nkiri  Naịjirịa nke afọ 2012 nke Tom Robson duziri na 2012. [[Belinda Effah]], [[Ini Ikpe]], [[Ifeanyi Kalu]] na Ekere Nkanga pụtara ihe na ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2013/06/kokomma.html|title=Kokomma|work=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]|date=12 June 2013|accessdate=8 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara nhọpụta atọ na emume nke itoolu nke Africa Movie Academy Awards, ebe Effah ritere ihe nrite maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma maka ngọsipụta nka akpamọchị ya na fim ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2013/04/nigerian-dramedy-confusion-na-wa-tops-winners-at-the-9th-africa-movie-academy-awards-136164/|title=Film|accessdate=2018-08-01|archivedate=2018-08-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801190500/https://www.indiewire.com/2013/04/nigerian-dramedy-confusion-na-wa-tops-winners-at-the-9th-africa-movie-academy-awards-136164/}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wepụtara ya na DVD n'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/arts-life/kokomma-hits-the-shelves/|title=Kokomma hits the shelves|work=[[The Punch]]|accessdate=8 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị so mee ihe nkiri a ==

* [[Belinda Effah]] gosipụtara ka Kokomma
* Ini Ikpe
* Ekere Nkanga
* Ifeanyi Kalu gosipụtara ka Usen

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb title|10077568}}</text>
      <sha1>t783o0xlsi9qd378fsq64hhwcfwwjza</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>630625</id>
      <parentid>630624</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:39:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Ihe nkiri]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>630625</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1422" sha1="2mw7njyx24abq4j1up83firb06p9fnl" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kokomma''' bụ ihe nkiri  Naịjirịa nke afọ 2012 nke Tom Robson duziri na 2012. [[Belinda Effah]], [[Ini Ikpe]], [[Ifeanyi Kalu]] na Ekere Nkanga pụtara ihe na ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2013/06/kokomma.html|title=Kokomma|work=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]|date=12 June 2013|accessdate=8 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara nhọpụta atọ na emume nke itoolu nke Africa Movie Academy Awards, ebe Effah ritere ihe nrite maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma maka ngọsipụta nka akpamọchị ya na fim ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2013/04/nigerian-dramedy-confusion-na-wa-tops-winners-at-the-9th-africa-movie-academy-awards-136164/|title=Film|accessdate=2018-08-01|archivedate=2018-08-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801190500/https://www.indiewire.com/2013/04/nigerian-dramedy-confusion-na-wa-tops-winners-at-the-9th-africa-movie-academy-awards-136164/}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wepụtara ya na DVD n'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/arts-life/kokomma-hits-the-shelves/|title=Kokomma hits the shelves|work=[[The Punch]]|accessdate=8 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị so mee ihe nkiri a ==

* [[Belinda Effah]] gosipụtara ka Kokomma
* Ini Ikpe
* Ekere Nkanga
* Ifeanyi Kalu gosipụtara ka Usen

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb title|10077568}}

[[Otú:Ihe nkiri]]</text>
      <sha1>2mw7njyx24abq4j1up83firb06p9fnl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>630626</id>
      <parentid>630625</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:40:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Ihe nkiri Naịjirịa]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>630626</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1454" sha1="l2od455qkjspemt3g7ms3ku24gupepd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kokomma''' bụ ihe nkiri  Naịjirịa nke afọ 2012 nke Tom Robson duziri na 2012. [[Belinda Effah]], [[Ini Ikpe]], [[Ifeanyi Kalu]] na Ekere Nkanga pụtara ihe na ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2013/06/kokomma.html|title=Kokomma|work=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]|date=12 June 2013|accessdate=8 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara nhọpụta atọ na emume nke itoolu nke Africa Movie Academy Awards, ebe Effah ritere ihe nrite maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma maka ngọsipụta nka akpamọchị ya na fim ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2013/04/nigerian-dramedy-confusion-na-wa-tops-winners-at-the-9th-africa-movie-academy-awards-136164/|title=Film|accessdate=2018-08-01|archivedate=2018-08-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801190500/https://www.indiewire.com/2013/04/nigerian-dramedy-confusion-na-wa-tops-winners-at-the-9th-africa-movie-academy-awards-136164/}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wepụtara ya na DVD n'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/arts-life/kokomma-hits-the-shelves/|title=Kokomma hits the shelves|work=[[The Punch]]|accessdate=8 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị so mee ihe nkiri a ==

* [[Belinda Effah]] gosipụtara ka Kokomma
* Ini Ikpe
* Ekere Nkanga
* Ifeanyi Kalu gosipụtara ka Usen

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb title|10077568}}

[[Otú:Ihe nkiri]]
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri Naịjirịa]]</text>
      <sha1>l2od455qkjspemt3g7ms3ku24gupepd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ayitale</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>74913</id>
    <revision>
      <id>630627</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:45:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340819820|Ayitale]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>630627</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1694" sha1="6vk5xabp1f1y734vyutevdijzeyhrq8" xml:space="preserve">
 

'''Ayitale''' bụ ihe nkiri [[Asụsụ Yoruba|Yoruba]] nke Naịjirịa nke afọ 2013 nke [[Adebayo Salami]] mepụtara ma duzikwa ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://weekly.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/entertainment/12733-iya-ojo-funke-fathia-others-vie-for-ymaa|title='Iya Ojo', Funke, Fathia others, vie for YMAA|author=aliyu|accessdate=20 February 2015|work=[[Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara nhọpụta anọ na [[2013 Best of Nollywood Awards|ihe nrite Best of Nollywood nke afọ 2013.]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://m.dailytimes.com.ng/article/yoruba-actress-dayo-amusa-tops-bon-awards-nominees’-list#.VOKEgMXgHa8|title=Yoruba actress dayo amusa tops bon awards-nominees|work=Dailytimes|accessdate=20 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220020431/http://m.dailytimes.com.ng/article/yoruba-actress-dayo-amusa-tops-bon-awards-nominees%E2%80%99-list|archivedate=20 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bonawards.com/nominees/|title=Nominees &amp;#124; BON Awards|accessdate=7 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928233629/http://www.bonawards.com/nominees/|archivedate=28 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị so mee ihe nkiri a ==

* [[Femi Adebayo]] gosipụtara ka Aderope
* [[Oga Bello|Adebayo Salami]]
* [[Bimbo Akintola]] gosipụtara  ka Kemi
* [[Joke Muyiwa]] gosipụtara ka Abeni
* [[Lanre Hassan]] gosipụtara ka Ajoke
* [[Iyabo Oko]]
* Adewale Elesho gosipụtara ka Akanmu
* [[Toyin Adegbola]] gosipụtara ka Sade
* Razaq Adewale gosipụtara ka Aworo
* Tunbosun Odunsi

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb title}}
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri]]
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri 2013]]
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri ejije Naijirịa]]</text>
      <sha1>6vk5xabp1f1y734vyutevdijzeyhrq8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>630629</id>
      <parentid>630627</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:47:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>630629</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1705" sha1="4awjpwe0gpuq0s5lpj6dttfg9fd20j0" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
 

'''Ayitale''' bụ ihe nkiri [[Asụsụ Yoruba|Yoruba]] nke Naịjirịa nke afọ 2013 nke [[Adebayo Salami]] mepụtara ma duzikwa ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://weekly.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/entertainment/12733-iya-ojo-funke-fathia-others-vie-for-ymaa|title='Iya Ojo', Funke, Fathia others, vie for YMAA|author=aliyu|accessdate=20 February 2015|work=[[Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara nhọpụta anọ na [[2013 Best of Nollywood Awards|ihe nrite Best of Nollywood nke afọ 2013.]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://m.dailytimes.com.ng/article/yoruba-actress-dayo-amusa-tops-bon-awards-nominees’-list#.VOKEgMXgHa8|title=Yoruba actress dayo amusa tops bon awards-nominees|work=Dailytimes|accessdate=20 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220020431/http://m.dailytimes.com.ng/article/yoruba-actress-dayo-amusa-tops-bon-awards-nominees%E2%80%99-list|archivedate=20 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bonawards.com/nominees/|title=Nominees &amp;#124; BON Awards|accessdate=7 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928233629/http://www.bonawards.com/nominees/|archivedate=28 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị so mee ihe nkiri a ==

* [[Femi Adebayo]] gosipụtara ka Aderope
* [[Oga Bello|Adebayo Salami]]
* [[Bimbo Akintola]] gosipụtara  ka Kemi
* [[Joke Muyiwa]] gosipụtara ka Abeni
* [[Lanre Hassan]] gosipụtara ka Ajoke
* [[Iyabo Oko]]
* Adewale Elesho gosipụtara ka Akanmu
* [[Toyin Adegbola]] gosipụtara ka Sade
* Razaq Adewale gosipụtara ka Aworo
* Tunbosun Odunsi

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb title}}
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri]]
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri 2013]]
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri ejije Naijirịa]]</text>
      <sha1>4awjpwe0gpuq0s5lpj6dttfg9fd20j0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Otú:Ihe nkiri 2013</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>74914</id>
    <revision>
      <id>630628</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:46:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Jiri 'nchikọta ihe nkiri ndị e mere na 2013' kere ihü</comment>
      <origin>630628</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" sha1="owp96ru7kh19u70sfoe3xf3zv20fdgr" xml:space="preserve">nchikọta ihe nkiri ndị e mere na 2013</text>
      <sha1>owp96ru7kh19u70sfoe3xf3zv20fdgr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Married to the Enemy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>74915</id>
    <revision>
      <id>630630</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:52:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339131398|Married to the Enemy]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>630630</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2321" sha1="02hl81csz2zj3md2uoz9pc4w8wl4jvw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film
| name           = Married to the Enemy
| image          = 
| caption        = 
| director       = [[Willie Adah Ajenge]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/review.asp?id=2266|title=Married to the Enemy movie review|work=nigeriafilms.com|accessdate=2015-10-23|archive-date=2016-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426234207/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/review.asp?id=2266|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| producer       = [[Andy K. Nwawulhe]]
| starring       = [[Rita Dibia]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Moses Ebere]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ini Edo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Desmond Elliot]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Mercy Johnson]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Cosmos Okey]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.naijarules.com/index.php?threads/married-to-the-enemy.19148//|title=Married to the Enemy|work=naijarules.com|accessdate=2015-10-23|archive-date=2024-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203190043/http://www.naijarules.com/index.php?threads/married-to-the-enemy.19148//|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| released       = {{Film date|2006|||df=y}}
| country        = Nigeria
| language       = English
}}'''''[[Married to the Enemy]]''''' bụ  ihe nkiri Naịjirịa nke e mere n'afọ 2006, onye duziri ya bụ [[Willie Adah Ajenge]] .Ma [[Andy K. Nwawulhe]] mepụtara ihe nkiri a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cliqloaded.com/2015/02/married-enemy-latest-nigerian-nollywood-ghallywood-movie/|title=married enemy latest Nigerian nollywood ghallywood movie|work=cliqloaded.com|accessdate=2015-10-23|archivedate=2021-11-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121210406/http://www.cliqloaded.com/2015/02/married-enemy-latest-nigerian-nollywood-ghallywood-movie/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị so mee ihe nkiri ==

* [[Rita Dibia]]
* [[Moses Ebere]]
* [[Ini Edo]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://africanspotlight.com/2012/07/28/ini-edo-biography-life-history-wedding-videos-and-filmography/|title=Ini Edo Biography, Life History, Wedding Videos and Filmography|work=africanspotlight.com|accessdate=2015-10-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055441/http://africanspotlight.com/2012/07/28/ini-edo-biography-life-history-wedding-videos-and-filmography/|archivedate=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Desmond Elliot]]
* [[Mercy Johnson]]
* [[Cosmos Okey]]

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb title|1133556}}
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri]]
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri Naịjirịa]]</text>
      <sha1>02hl81csz2zj3md2uoz9pc4w8wl4jvw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>630631</id>
      <parentid>630630</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:53:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added DATABOX</comment>
      <origin>630631</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1281" sha1="33pym4r2je5lbkzzeb8ndf1i2d8vexq" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''[[Married to the Enemy]]''''' bụ  ihe nkiri Naịjirịa nke e mere n'afọ 2006, onye duziri ya bụ [[Willie Adah Ajenge]] .Ma [[Andy K. Nwawulhe]] mepụtara ihe nkiri a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cliqloaded.com/2015/02/married-enemy-latest-nigerian-nollywood-ghallywood-movie/|title=married enemy latest Nigerian nollywood ghallywood movie|work=cliqloaded.com|accessdate=2015-10-23|archivedate=2021-11-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121210406/http://www.cliqloaded.com/2015/02/married-enemy-latest-nigerian-nollywood-ghallywood-movie/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị so mee ihe nkiri ==

* [[Rita Dibia]]
* [[Moses Ebere]]
* [[Ini Edo]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://africanspotlight.com/2012/07/28/ini-edo-biography-life-history-wedding-videos-and-filmography/|title=Ini Edo Biography, Life History, Wedding Videos and Filmography|work=africanspotlight.com|accessdate=2015-10-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055441/http://africanspotlight.com/2012/07/28/ini-edo-biography-life-history-wedding-videos-and-filmography/|archivedate=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Desmond Elliot]]
* [[Mercy Johnson]]
* [[Cosmos Okey]]

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb title|1133556}}
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri]]
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri Naịjirịa]]</text>
      <sha1>33pym4r2je5lbkzzeb8ndf1i2d8vexq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Beyond Blood</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>74916</id>
    <revision>
      <id>630632</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:58:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347072745|Beyond Blood]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>630632</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1374" sha1="jtgxsmpqc153ckrj70erd539l1qelxh" xml:space="preserve"> 

'''''Beyond Blood''''' bụ ihe nkiri ịhụnanya Naịjirịa nke Greg Odutayo duziri, ma [[Kehinde Bankole]], [[Joseph Benjamin (actor)|Joseph Benjamin]], [[Bimbo Manuel]], [[Deyemi Okanlawon]], [[Carol King (actress)|Carol King]], Wole Ojo na [[Shan George]] bụ ndị gosipụtara agwa na ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2016/01/watch-the-trailer-of-beyond-blood-with-joseph-benjamin-kehinde-bankole-deyemi-okanlawon-shan-george-more-a-greg-odutayo-film/|title=Watch the Trailer of &quot;Beyond Blood&quot; with Joseph Benjamin, Kehinde Bankole, Deyemi Okanlawon, Shan George &amp; More|publisher=BellaNaija|accessdate=5 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; E bidoro ya na Jenụwarị 14, 2016 na [[Lagos]], ma-ewepụtakwara ya na Jenụwarị 15, 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/01/nollywood-movie-beyond-blood-out-in-cinemas-see-how-celebrities-turned-out-for-the-premiere/|title=Nollywood movie, ‘Beyond Blood’ out in cinemas, see how celebrities turned out for the premiere|accessdate=5 February 2016|work=[[The Netng|The NET]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị so mee ihe nkiri a ==

* [[Kehinde Bankole]]
* [[Joseph Benjamin (actor)|Josef Benjamin]]
* [[Bimbo Manuel]]
* [[Deyemi Okanlawon]]
* [[Carol King (actress)|Carol King]]
* [[Wole Ojo]]
* [[Shan George]]
* Francis Onwochei
* [[Uzor Osimkpa|Uzor Osimpa]]

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri]]</text>
      <sha1>jtgxsmpqc153ckrj70erd539l1qelxh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>630633</id>
      <parentid>630632</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-15T22:59:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added DATABOX</comment>
      <origin>630633</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1385" sha1="gb4ute29wtfhy7c6du15z74s910aur4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 

'''''Beyond Blood''''' bụ ihe nkiri ịhụnanya Naịjirịa nke Greg Odutayo duziri, ma [[Kehinde Bankole]], [[Joseph Benjamin (actor)|Joseph Benjamin]], [[Bimbo Manuel]], [[Deyemi Okanlawon]], [[Carol King (actress)|Carol King]], Wole Ojo na [[Shan George]] bụ ndị gosipụtara agwa na ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2016/01/watch-the-trailer-of-beyond-blood-with-joseph-benjamin-kehinde-bankole-deyemi-okanlawon-shan-george-more-a-greg-odutayo-film/|title=Watch the Trailer of &quot;Beyond Blood&quot; with Joseph Benjamin, Kehinde Bankole, Deyemi Okanlawon, Shan George &amp; More|publisher=BellaNaija|accessdate=5 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; E bidoro ya na Jenụwarị 14, 2016 na [[Lagos]], ma-ewepụtakwara ya na Jenụwarị 15, 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/01/nollywood-movie-beyond-blood-out-in-cinemas-see-how-celebrities-turned-out-for-the-premiere/|title=Nollywood movie, ‘Beyond Blood’ out in cinemas, see how celebrities turned out for the premiere|accessdate=5 February 2016|work=[[The Netng|The NET]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị so mee ihe nkiri a ==

* [[Kehinde Bankole]]
* [[Joseph Benjamin (actor)|Josef Benjamin]]
* [[Bimbo Manuel]]
* [[Deyemi Okanlawon]]
* [[Carol King (actress)|Carol King]]
* [[Wole Ojo]]
* [[Shan George]]
* Francis Onwochei
* [[Uzor Osimkpa|Uzor Osimpa]]

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Ihe nkiri]]</text>
      <sha1>gb4ute29wtfhy7c6du15z74s910aur4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>